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^N'O'T'TO Bt .TAICFM TnOM 
 
 HISTORY OF 
 
 '. '.1 -: 
 
 KNOX COUNTY 
 
 ILLINOIS 
 
 ITS CITIES, TOWNS AND PEOPLE 
 
 By ALBERT J. PERRY 
 
 ILLUSTRATED 
 
 VOLUME I 
 
 - :.:.;.:>.:/>., CHICAGO :.' :: - 
 
 ,'-"''.,..'-.>' ',:'-...-- 
 
 THE S. J. CLARKE PUBLISHING COMPANY 
 
 1912 ;. 
 

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 PREFACE 
 
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 Already three histories of Knox county have been written prior to the pres- 
 ent work. In each of those volumes considerable time has been spent in writ- 
 ing up the early history of the county and especially of the first settlers. This 
 is true of every township within the county and pretty full accounts of the cities 
 and villages have been given. It seems that but little more can be said along 
 that line. Galesburg is admittedly somewhat unique in its origin. A colony 
 composed of refined and educated people came here for the avowed purpose of 
 establishing a college and surrounding it with good influences from the start and 
 I the history of this movement has been written and can be found not only in the 
 : former county histories but also in quite a variety of publications especially 
 : the Semi-Centennial of the Old First church of the city of Galesburg. That 
 V little volimie states fully the persons interested in the Galesburg-Knox-college 
 f. movement. The difficulties of their journey have been fully set out and there is 
 ; no doubt that that feature of history pertaining to central Illinois will be pre- 
 r served and will continue to be the subject of pleasing fireside conversation. 
 ' But little of this side of the question has been indulged in by the author of 
 V this volume. It occurred to him in the start that to the present generation the 
 " accomplishments of these early settlers and their descendants should be the 
 principal subject of investigation. ' He therefore conceived the idea of present- 
 ing to the people a careful and thorough statement of what had been actually 
 done in this county, without particularizing very much who the actors were. It 
 v^will be discovered that the principal points selected by the author are the public 
 p(buildings; and the public, social and economic movements of the people have 
 Mormed the basis of that portion of the work prepared by him personally. To 
 ^make this feature of the work still more prominent, he arranged with certain in- 
 ^dividuals, who are in every way qualified, to present various topics in a thorough 
 interesting manner along the lines which he himself has pursued. The 
 earnestly hopes, for he fully believes, that this feature will be of great 
 
 and of very general interest to the reading people of this county. To be 
 
 wnore specific he would call especial attention to the articles upon the various 
 denominations of the county. It will be found that the following out- 
 has been pretty generally followed. First, a full statement of belief ; second, 
 organization of individuals sharing that belief; and third, the extent to 
 I their hopes, based upon their belief and their church organization, have 
 realized. So far as this form is applicable, the secular articles have been 
 
 somewhat in the same way. 
 
 It has been the writer's earnest endeavor to spend but little time upon the 
 side of life, but rather to consider carefully everything that seems 
 while and everything that could make reasonable answer to the questions, 
 
 ^ 
 
IV 
 
 PREFACE 
 
 "What are you ^here for?" and "What are you accomplishing for the better- 
 ment of life?" 
 
 The writer takes a justifiable pride in the illustrations which he has secured for 
 this work for they have served a double purpose. They are not only beautiful 
 and add a peculiarly pleasing effect to the appearance of the work, but in no 
 other way could he show the development of the cities and villages of the county 
 from a primative condition to one of prosperity and really intelligent refine- 
 ment, in fulfillment of the highest hopes of the founders. It is very difficult to 
 arrive at a just word picture of the progress of Knox county. The time required 
 to discover and collate the facts necessary to show such progress is altogether too 
 great, and even if accomplished, it would then not be visible as is shown by these 
 illustrations. ; 
 
 To those who have assisted in this matter, the writer hereby offers his sin- 
 cere thanks and confesses in truth that without their assistance this volume 
 would lack its greatest charm and a very large part of its interest and benefit. 
 
 A. J. P. 
 
 GALESBURG, Illinois, July lo, 1912. v - ^;Xv 
 
 ^. ;. -. 
 
 .-^'' .'. - 
 

 History of Knox County Illinois 
 
 : ;''}:;;' ' ^ -:: TERRITORIAL JURISDICTION ' ; :\o';;.^^ ^ 
 
 V: It is believed by persons best informed upon the archaeology of Knox county 
 that prior to 1828 it had been the home of at least three distinct races of men. 
 
 The first is known from fossils found with the bones of extinct animals and 
 fragments of tropical wood from a few to fifty feet below the surface, where 
 the race seemed to have existed for a long time and are now completely covered 
 by the drift. They left no traces than are found as above stated, some of which 
 indicate their handiwork. 
 
 The next race was the mound builders, who here, as elsewhere, was probably 
 an agricultural and semi-civilized people. Traces of their occupancy are found 
 in various parts of the county. They too disappeared without leaving anything 
 of their history. 
 
 The Indian with his bow and arrow followed the mound builders, at what 
 time we do not know, but he was the undisputed owner of the country for a long 
 period of time. Whatever record of history he made was of such transitory 
 character that nothing is left and nothing is known beyond some few things that 
 may be gathered from tradition and what transpired after the advent of thfc white 
 people. At the time of the discovery of America, he was the occupant of the 
 soil but has now passed away from most of his old haunts and his power is gone 
 as surely as his predecessors'. j < ,. 
 
 The revival of learning in the fifteenth century stimulated the desire for ex- 
 ploration. Spain was the first to move in a far westerly course and the West 
 Indies were discovered by Columbus. -The reports of his meager success were 
 circulated in Europe when Portugal, Erance and England joined in the search 
 for a new world. As early as the year looo, Scandinavian explorers had pre- 
 viously occupied places on the western shore of Greenland, planted a colony 
 which has been supposed by many to have been near the coast of New England, 
 but this was unsuccessful and passed out of existence. Several unsuccessful 
 attempts were made to establish colonies in this country at different periods 
 along the Atlantic coast by the Erench, Spaniards, Portuguese and English. Eer- 
 nando de Soto, a Spanish chevalier, explored this country in 1541 as a part of 
 Elorida, but it was never taken possession of by the Spanish. We are interested 
 only in the settlements which were finally effected, one in Virginia in 1607 by the 
 English, and one made by Erance in Canada at Quebec in 1608, and at Montreal 
 
2 '\v;v;vr HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY ^v> :.;:;' 
 
 in i6ii. On April lo, 1606, King James of England granted the first charter 
 to Virginia, providing for the establishment of two companies, the southern 
 branch of London Company to have authority to occupy lands between the thirty- 
 fourth degree and forty-first degree of north latitude. The second branch, or 
 Plymouth Company was to occupy lands between the thirty-eighth degree and 
 forty-fifth degree. These two grants overlapped each other, but it was provided 
 in the charter that each should occupy the overlapping territory under certain 
 restrictions. These two grants were supposed to cover that part of Illinois 
 which includes Knox county. This charter left the colony subject practically to 
 the domination of the King. The Virginia charter was enlarged in 1609 and 
 granted many rights and powers to the people, so that the colony became prac- 
 tically a corporation, with pretty full powers looking towards self government. 
 The territory described in the second charter was to extend two hundred miles 
 north and two hundred miles south of Point Comfort, "all that space and circuit 
 of land from sea to sea, and west and northwest." This somewhat vague de- . 
 scription and questionable power of the king to grant, forms the basis of Vir- 
 ginia's claim to what was afterwards known as the North West Territory. Noth- 
 ing was known of the west at that time. The Appalachian range of mountains 
 extending in a somewhat broken chain from eastern Canada southwest to Ala- 
 bama, and the almost impenetrable forests, formed a great barrier to the advance 
 of English settlement to the westward, and at the same time there was a strip 
 of sea-board between the mountains and the Atlantic from one hundred to two 
 hundred miles wide, which for many years gave abundant room for the constantly 
 increasing English settlements. 
 
 Not so with the French settlements of Canada. There was easy communica- 
 tion by lake and river between them and that portion of the country west of the 
 mountains and of the English settlements. The French eagerly availed them- 
 selves of this advantage and established settlements at Detroit, Fort Miami, 
 Vincennes, Cahokia, Kaskaskia and along the east side of the Mississippi river 
 to Mobile, Biloxi, etc. This came to be known as New France and was claimed 
 by France by right of discovery and occupation. It would seem, in all good con- 
 science, that the French claim to this territory was superior to that of England's 
 claim, being founded upon a substantial basis, while the English claim was prob- 
 ably founded upon the mere declaration of the discoverer of the coast from 
 which he declared that all lands to the west were subject to his sovereign. The 
 presence of the French to the west of the English made the English feel very 
 uncomfortable. There were continually irritating circumstances arising. The 
 Indians were enlisted on both sides and finally war was declared between the. 
 two nations, and in America this war took the name of the French and Indian ; 
 war. The English were victorious and by the Peace of Paris in 1763, the north- 
 west territory was ceded by France to England, together with Canada, and from 
 that time France had no jurisdiction over territory east of the Mississippi river. 
 By this cession of territory, the claims of Virginia to the northwest territory by 
 virtue of her charter of 1609, reading "from sea to sea," became operative as. 
 far west as the Mississippi river. ;/'. ^:; ::C ''/..;.>.:;' ^-;;:. . 
 
 The next scene in the American drama was the War of the Revolution, which 
 began in 1776. General George Rogers Clark, (then Colonel Clark) a citizen of 
 the Virginia colony, formed a scheme of wresting this territory from England 
 
vl; V:;H ^^^: HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY : : ;.w,j 8 
 
 and thereby preserving it to the use of his colony, and at the Peace of 1783, 
 England relinquished all claim to this territory which she had taken from France, 
 and Illinois was made a county of Virginia. 
 
 An explanation of this statement ought to be given. The word Illinois was 
 used by the French to designate a confederacy of the North American Indians 
 occupying the present area of the state of Illinois and the adjacent parts of Wis- 
 consin, Iowa and Missouri. This confederacy was composed of the Peoria, 
 Kaskaskia, Cahokia, Tamaroa and Michagamia Indians. In the language of this 
 confederacy, the word "Illini" meant "a man." The plural of this word was 
 "Illinuk." The French substituted their terminal for the plural "ois" for the 
 Indian plural "uk," and thus the name becanie Illinois. In speaking generally 
 of the country between the Ohio and Mississippi rivers, it was called the "Illinois 
 country," because of the Indian confederacy occupying such a large portion of it. 
 The Virginia legislature therefore chose that name as the name of the county 
 created. The act establishing the county of Illinois, which was for the more 
 effectual protection and defense thereof, passed both houses of the Virginia legis- 
 lature on December 9, 1778. At this time Virginia knew almost nothing of the 
 boundary of the county which she proposed to establish. She wanted to incor- 
 porate within this county all that she owned of the Northwest Territory. There- 
 fore "the new county was to include the inhabitants of Virginia north of the 
 Ohio river," but its location was not more definitely prescribed. 
 
 It stood without a question that the Northwest Territory now belonged tcy 
 the United States subject to such rights as Virginia might have therein by virtue 
 of her colonial charter, subject also to the rights of the Indians. 
 
 On July 9, 1778, the several colonies which had joined in the revolutionary 
 struggle for independence from England, formed a confederacy which, under 
 articles of confederation, was known as the United States, having a president 
 and congress the same as at the present time. : . * . '. \ 
 
 On the 6th day of September, 1780, congress recommended to the several 
 states in the union having claims to waste and unappropriated lands in the west- 
 ern country, a liberal cession to the United States of a portion of their respective 
 claims for the common benefit of the Union. In conformity with that recommen- 
 dation, the state of Virginia appointed Thomas Jefferson, Samuel Hardy, Arthur 
 Lee and James Monroe, commissioners to execute a deed to the United States, 
 in congress assembled, for the benefit of the said states, all rights, title, claim 
 as well of soil as jurisdiction, which this commonwealth hath to the territory or 
 tract of country within the limits of the Virginia charter, situate, lying, and be- 
 ing to the northwest of the River Ohio, upon condition that the territory so ceded 
 shall be laid out and formed into states containing suitable extent of territory 
 not less than one hundred, nor more than one hundred and fifty miles square, or 
 as near thereto as circumstances will admit. These instructions contained quite 
 specific conditions as to the rights of the people and the states to be so formed. 
 It provided further that the French and Canadian inhabitants and other settlers 
 of the Kaskaskies, St. Vincents and the neighboring villages who have professed 
 themselves citizens of Virginia, shall have their possessions confirmed to them 
 and be protected in the enjoyment of their rights and liberties. It provided fur- 
 ther that a quantity of land, not exceeding 150.000 acres, promised by this state 
 shall be allowed and granted by them to the then colonel, now General George 
 
4 ;:--:' HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY K^.;' >: ' 
 
 Rogers Clark and to the officers and soldiers of his regiment who marched with 
 him, etc., in subduing this territory. The deed, in accordance with those instruc- 
 tions, was executed to the United States of America on March i, 1784, and 
 thereby all interests of the state of Virginia in and to the lands of the state of 
 Illinois and Knox county were extinguished and transferred to the government 
 of the United States. See Plate I. 
 
 On the 3Oth day of December, 1788, the state of Virginia modified the con- 
 ditions of grant to the United States and authorized the formation of five states 
 out of the Northwest Territory, if deemed advisable by congress. ";.. . ,^ I- 
 
 On the 7th day of August, 1789, congress passed an act for the government 
 of the territory northwest of the Ohio river, but made no division of the same. 
 
 On May 7, 1800, congress divided the territory of the United States north- 
 west of the Ohio into two separate governments providing that all that part of 
 the territory of the United States northwest of the Ohio river which lies westward 
 of the line beginning at the Ohio opposite the mouth of the Kentucky river and 
 running thence to Fort Recovery and thence north until it shall intersect the ter- 
 ritorial line between the United States and Canada, shall for the purpose of tem- 
 porary government, constitute a separate territory and be called the Indiana Ter- 
 ritory. See Plate II. 
 
 On February 3, 1809, congress again provided that from and after the first 
 day of March next, all that part of the Indiana Territory which lies west of the 
 Wabash river and a direct line drawn from the said Wabash river and Post Vin- 
 cennes due north to the territorial line between the United States and Canada, 
 shall for the purpose of temporary government constitute a separate territory 
 and be called Illinois. See Plate III. 
 
 On April i8, i8i8, congress took further action authorizing the inhabitants 
 of the Territory of Illinois to form for themselves a constitution and state gov- 
 ernment and to assume such name as they shall deem proper; and the said state 
 when formed shall be admitted to the Union upon the same footing with the 
 original states in all respects whatever. The boundary line of the territory to be 
 thus admitted is described as beginning at the mouth of the Wabash river, thence 
 up the same and with the line of Indiana to the northwest corner of said state, 
 thence east with the line of same state to the middle of Lake Michigan, thence 
 north along the middle line of said lake to north latitude 42 degrees, 30 minutes, 
 thence west to the middle of the Mississippi river and thence down along the 
 middle of that river to its confluence with the Ohio river and thence up the latter 
 river along its northwestern shore to the beginning. See Plate IV. 
 
 A constitutional convention was called at Kaskaskia, August 26, i8i8, which 
 adopted a constitution of the state to be submitted to congress for adoption and 
 under which Illinois became a state of the United States of America. 
 
 The question of extinguishing the Indian titles to the lands in the Northwest 
 Territory had been taken up by the United States government. There was con- 
 siderable tardiness on the part of the government in relation to this question. 
 Settlers were coming in from the east and squatting upon the public lands with- 
 out any authority of law and there was much uneasiness on their part lest they 
 might make improvements more or less valuable, and in the end lose their entire 
 time and investment because no arrangement for a permanent purchase of the 
 land had been made. Numerous petitions setting up these facts were sent to 
 
;:/:;;::::: HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY ^ v.!^-- 5 
 
 congress and congress failed to act upon them. The territory on the west side of 
 the Mississippi river belonged to Spain, and at one time there was a strong feeling 
 among the American settlers that they would be better off to go over into Spanish 
 territory and deal with the Spanish government than to remain within the juris- 
 diction of the United States and be so long in an uncertain condition. Neverthe- 
 less, the population continued to increase and petitions for relief were continually 
 circulated, until finally in the year 1804 a treaty was made at St. Louis on the 
 third day of November, with the Sauks and Foxes, whereby that part of Illinois 
 west of the Illinois and Fox rivers was ceded to the United States. Black Hawk, 
 the principal chief of the Sauk Indians, did not sign this treaty, but it is claimed 
 that he confirmed it on several subsequent occasions. This treaty contained an 
 article which wrought great mischief as it led to the Black Hawk War of 1832. 
 By Article VII of that treaty, it was provided that "as long as the lands which 
 are now ceded to the United States remain their property, the Indians belonging 
 to the said tribes shall enjoy the privilege of living or hunting upon them." It 
 was expected by that clause that until the government made survey and sold these 
 lands, the Indians should remain unmolested by the white people, but this did not 
 follow. The principal Indian village of these tribes was situated within the ceded 
 territory near where the city of Rock Island now stands. The Indians cultivated 
 quite an area of land as best they knew how and produced very good crops. This 
 fact was a continual temptation to the white people coming into the ceded area, 
 and after awhile the white people made demonstrations calculated to either drive 
 the Indians out of their home and across the Mississippi river into what is now 
 Iowa, or to excite their anger and lead to war. The Indians were in the habit 
 of going north in the winter time to hunt, returning in the spring with their cured 
 meats and furs to cultivate their ground and raise their grain and vegetables. 
 During the absence of the Indians the white people would commit depredations 
 by burning their homes, and one year they went upon the ground and plowed up 
 their national cemetery. This proved unendurable to the Indians, and the Black 
 Hawk war followed. The Indians offered to retire, cross the Mississippi and 
 never again come upon the ceded territory for the sum of six thousand dollars. 
 This offer was laughed at and its refusal shut out all opportunity to avoid the 
 war which followed and which cost the lives of many white men and a treasure 
 of over two millions of dollars, and practically exterminated the Indians who 
 had fought in defense of their homes and the resting place of their dead. As a 
 matter of course, the result of this war was the complete forfeiture by the Indians 
 of the lands ceded by the treaty of 1804. There was left, however, an indelible 
 mark of shame upon the white man. See Plate V. . 
 
 From the foregoing account, it will appear that the land comprising the county 
 of Knox has been under ten territorial jurisdictions, two of them being extinct 
 races, one Indian race, one under France, one under England, one under Vir- 
 ginia, one a territory of the United States, one the territory of Indiana, one the 
 territory of Illinois, and lastly the state of Illinois. 
 
 Although Knox county is not especially concerned with the matter, it will be 
 interesting to add that at the time of the Enabling Act passed by congress for the 
 adoption of a constitution for the state of Illinois, Judge Nathaniel Pope, father 
 of Major General John Pope of the Union army during the War of the Rebellion, 
 was a delegate in congress from the territory of Illinois. It was proposed to fix 
 
6 -"'::;': HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY " . x T - , 7 
 
 the northern boundary at a line running westward from the southern extremity 
 of Lake Michigan to the center of the Mississippi river. Judge Pope urged that 
 the northern boundary of Illinois be set far enough north to give Illinois a liberal 
 frontage on the west side of Lake Michigan. His argument for that change was 
 that the southern point of the state of Illinois extended far into the south. It 
 will be seen from a map of the United States that it reaches nearly to the south- 
 ern boundary of the states of Kentucky and Virginia and the northern 
 boundary of the state of Tennessee, which is nearly one hundred and fifty 
 miles south of the city of Washington. If the northern boundary of the state 
 could be pushed far enough north to give a good frontage upon Lake Michigan, 
 it would make Illinois a most potent factor in tying together the two sections of 
 the Union, the north and the south. On the north there would be easy communi- 
 cation with the east by way of the great lakes, and on the south with the entire 
 south by way of the Mississippi river, and in case any difficulty should arise be- 
 tween the two sections of the country, the geographical position of the state of 
 Illinois would be a most peculiar and powerful one. The arguments of Judge 
 Pope convinced congress, and the boundary line was fixed as we now have it, 
 quite well up on the west side of Lake Michigan. That act gave to Illinois the 
 city of Qiicago, and during the War of the Rebellion, Illinois fully performed all 
 the duties devolving upon it and foretold by the able judge. 
 
 Knox county, of course, shares in whatever honor and pride there may be in 
 being a part of a state so situated, and which has now become so influential in 
 all governmental matters. ' - ' ' : 
 
 THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE COUNTY = . 
 
 The division of Illinois into counties began in 1790. More than the east 
 half of that part of the state south of the Illinois river constituted one county, and 
 was called Knox county. Changes and further subdivisions were made in 1793, 
 i8oi, 1803 and 1809. In 1809 the name of Knox county drops out. In the sub- 
 division of 1790 that portion between the Illinois and Mississippi rivers was un- 
 touched. In the subdivisions of iSoi, 1803 and 1809, it was included within the 
 limits of St. Clair county, which comprised about four-fifths of the entire area 
 of the state, Randolph county occupying the other one-fifth in the southern por- 
 tion of the state. In the subdivisions of 1812 and 1813, about the same amount 
 of territory and similarly located, was called Madison county. The territory now 
 occupied by Knox county remained a part of Madison county until 1821, when 
 that portion of the state lying between the Illinois and Mississippi rivers was 
 called Pike county. See Plate VI. 
 
 On the 28th day of January, 1823, a further subdivision was made, and Pike 
 county was cut down to a very small part of what it once was. Fulton county 
 was laid out and covered the south four townships of what is now Knox county. 
 The balance of the land now comprising Knox county and the territory north 
 and east was attached to Fulton county for judicial purposes. This will be shown 
 by Plate VII. 
 
 On the 1 3th day of January, 1825. Knox county was formed by an act of the 
 
' - : HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY ^:-> 7 . 
 
 legislature, and it covered the same territory that it covers today, with the excep- 
 tion of four townships on the north, the four townships on the south previously - 
 included in Fulton county being given to Knox, and four townships on the north 
 being given to Henry county, giving to Knox county sixteen townships only. See 
 Plate VIH. ... ' 
 
 The county remained the same until 1831, when on January 13, the boundary :':- 
 of the county was changed by adding a row of townships on the north and two ; , . \ 
 townships. Numbers 12 and 13 in Range 5 East, on the east as shown by Plate v , - 
 
 IX. ^''^''- 
 
 Another change was made March 2, 1839, whereby the two townships,' ', 
 Numbers 12 and 13 North in Range 5 East, were taken from Knox and given :' .! : 
 to Stark county. This is shown by Plate X. Since that time there has been no v :; 
 ' change in the area of Knox county. : v T . 
 
 Thus it is shown that the territory comprising the county of Knox today, has 
 been a part of St. Clair, Madison and Pike counties, and that a part of the terri- 
 tory of Knox county has heretofore formed a part of Fulton and Henry counties. - 
 The inhabitants of the county at different points were obliged to go to Lewistown, ' ' 
 Rushville, Pittsfield, Edwardsville and Kaskaskia to secure an abstract of title ' ' / 
 to their lands. After the formation of Knox county in its present shape, the rec- > 
 ords pertaining to lands in Knox county were carefully copied from the above ; 
 
 places and now constitute a part of the records of Knox county. It is supposed, . 
 however, that the records of Knox county today as kept at Galesburg, are com- - : > > 
 plete, and that there is no reason for visiting other county seats for information -' 
 concerning Knox county lands. V . : ' 
 
 During the progress of fixing the territory, state and county boundaries, a , . 
 systematic plan of survey had been pursued. The plan of congress consisted in ;V 
 running a base line east and west through some point having a natural witness, if ;:':.,.. 
 possible, and running a meridian line north and south from this base line. Then 
 beginning in the angle formed by those base and meridian lies, lay out the town- . 
 ships six miles square. The north and south rows of townships were called 
 ranges, and the ranges were numbered one, two, three, etc., east or west of the ..-,.. 
 meridian as the case might be. ^ ^ ; 
 
 '. The description of the lands in Knox county is arrived at in the following ; . ;- 
 way: the city of Beardstown in Cass county, Illinois, is on the Illinois river, and > \ . 
 is taken as the starting point for all descriptions of land west of the Illinois river. :: ' 
 A line running due north from Beardstown is known as the fourth principal me- - 
 ridian. This meridian forms the western boundary of Knox county. All lands 
 east of that meridian and controlled by it, are described as east of the fourth prin- ;. 
 cipal meridian. Another line passing through Beardstown runs west from here ^ - 
 to the Mississippi river, and is known as the base line. If you take a township ' .; 
 map of the state of Illinois, and start at Beardstown and count the townships V^ h-' 
 northward until you reach Knox county, you will find that the southwest town- : ' ; 
 ship of Knox county is the ninth township north of the base line running through ; ; 
 Beardstown. It is also east of the fourth principal meridian. Therefore, the ' . 
 southwest township of Knox county would be described as township 9, north of .:.. . 
 the base line, and in range i, east of the fourth principal meridian. This town- v; ' 
 ship is also known as Indian Point. The southeast township of the county is ' ... 
 known as Salem township, and under congressional description would be known > . 
 
HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY 
 
 as township 9, north of the base line, and in range 4, east of the fourth principal 
 meridian. Each township is divided into sections ^each one mile square, and each 
 township therefore has thirty-six sections. They are numbered beginning at the 
 northeast corner of the township for number one, running westward six miles, 
 then drop one mile south and you have section number seven, then you run east- 
 ward six miles and you have section twelve, then drop southward one mile and 
 run west six miles and you have section eighteen, and so on until you have num- 
 bered all sections in the township, giving you thirty-six sections in all. Knox 
 county has twenty townships which would make 720 sections, making approxi- 
 mately 450,800 acres. ^ ' :" ^ .: ^ '.'-;: .:[-;:;.;.:^ 
 
 It is a simple matter from the above congressional rule to describe any frac- 
 tion of any section in the county. If you are purchasing the northeast quarter of 
 section i, township ii north, in range i, east of the fourth principal meridian, 
 you know that it is one hundred and sixty acres of land in the northeast corner of 
 Galesburg township. 
 
 The following table shows a complete description of each township in tiic 
 county of Knox as at present existing : 
 
 Indian Point 
 
 Twp. 
 
 9 
 
 N., 
 
 R. 
 
 I 
 
 E. 
 
 of 
 
 the 
 
 4th 
 
 P. 
 
 M. -; 
 
 Cedar 
 
 Twp. 
 
 10 
 
 N., 
 
 R. 
 
 I 
 
 E. 
 
 of 
 
 the 
 
 4th 
 
 P. 
 
 M. 
 
 Galesburg 
 
 Twp. 
 
 II 
 
 N., 
 
 R. 
 
 I 
 
 E. 
 
 of 
 
 the 
 
 4th 
 
 P. 
 
 M. 
 
 Henderson 
 
 Twp. 
 
 12 
 
 N., 
 
 R. 
 
 I 
 
 E. 
 
 of 
 
 the 
 
 4th 
 
 P. 
 
 M. 
 
 Rio 
 
 Twp. 
 
 13 
 
 N., 
 
 R. 
 
 I 
 
 E. 
 
 of 
 
 the 
 
 4th 
 
 P. 
 
 M. 
 
 Chestnut 
 
 Twp. 
 
 9 
 
 N., 
 
 R. 
 
 2 
 
 E. 
 
 of 
 
 the 
 
 4th 
 
 P. 
 
 M. 
 
 Orange 
 
 Twp. 
 
 lO 
 
 N., 
 
 R. 
 
 2 
 
 E. 
 
 of 
 
 the 
 
 4th 
 
 P. 
 
 M. 
 
 Knox 
 
 Twp. 
 
 II 
 
 N., 
 
 R. 
 
 2 
 
 E. 
 
 of 
 
 the 
 
 4th 
 
 P. 
 
 M. 
 
 Sparta 
 
 Twp. 
 
 12 
 
 N.. 
 
 R. 
 
 2 
 
 E. 
 
 of 
 
 the 
 
 4th 
 
 P. 
 
 M. ; :. 
 
 Ontario 
 
 Twp. 
 
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 It is now proper to consider the governmental organization of the county. The 
 writer once knew an intelligent, educated young Russian who remarked that the 
 most noticeable thing he saw when he first came to America was the ease with 
 which a new movement, society or party could be started. In Europe all social 
 organizations began with the preacher or some ministerial officer. If he ap- 
 proved, he called the meeting, called it to order, was its chairman, appointed its 
 secretary and conducted the whole proceedings. In America when public action 
 was considered necessary on any question, a self-appointed committee called a 
 mass meeting, the people assembled and some one stated the object of the meeting. 
 A resolution approving the object of the meeting would be offered, discussed and 
 passed if approved, or a committee would be appointed and an adjournment taken 
 
Plate I Outline of Northwest Territoiy ceded to the United States by Virginia, Connecticut and 
 Massachusetts. 
 
 Plate II Division of Northwest Territory into Indiana and Ohio Territories. , :-. ..... 
 
 ^^. 
 
 IV 
 
 Plate III Division of Northwest Territory into State of Ohio and Illinois, Indiana and Michigan 
 
 Territories. 
 
 Plate I\' Division of Northwest Territory into States of Illinois, Indiana and Ohio and Territory of 
 
 Michigan. , . . . . , . . . .^. . . . 
 
^ ^)/ -^^^i;; ';;;'^ HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY ' " 
 
 to enable the committee to give the matter more careful consideration and present 
 it in better shape to the adjourned meeting. The thing especially noticeable to 
 the young Russian was the absence of the preacher, whereas in Europe he was 
 the whole thing, while here the people originated and carried through their own 
 measures. The preacher is welcome on such occasions, but he comes in citizens' 
 clothing and not in ministerial robes or vestments. 
 
 Township, county and state governments originate in very much the same - 
 way. There is a little more formality in the start. They all possess a certain leg- .; 
 islative, judicial and executive capacity which has to be recognized by other com- 
 monwealths and it is necessary that such organizations have a definite starting, usu- ' 
 ally by proclamation or notice from the proper constituted authority. When once 
 set in motion the whole thing becomes a government by the people. i 
 
 7; It has been shown that on January 13, 1825, the legislature fixed the boundary ; 
 of Knox county, not as it is today, but giving to it sixteen townships. By the 
 year 1830 it was believed that Knox county had 350 inhabitants, and it was so 
 made to appear to the Hon. Richard M. Young, judge of the 5th judicial circuit 
 of the state of Illinois, and on the tenth day of June, 1830, he issued his order 
 for the organization of Knox county by the election of three county commission- 
 ers, one sheriff and one coroner to serve in and for said county of Knox until 
 superseded by the persons elected at the general election to be held the first Mon- 
 day of August next. . i. 
 
 The organization of Knox county is of such interest and importance to the 
 people that all orders pertaining to the same are given in full, and no more fitting 
 tribute of respect to the memory of John G. Sanborn, under whose skill and 
 ability this organization was effected, than the publication of such orders in this 
 history. The accuracy of these orders, written at such an early date, will be ob- 
 served and appreciated by every attorney in this county. 
 
 The following are ^the orders in the circuit court of said county held on the 
 first Monday in October, 1830, which was the first day of the first term of said 
 court ever held in Knox county. ;/;. . :' . -; 
 
 .. .. \ ';; : /^x OCTOBER TERM, 1830 i^^' ^ ; .'-';'.> V" 
 
 .') PLEAS, before the Honorable Richard M. Young, judge of the fifth judicial 
 circuit of the state of Illinois, at a circuit court, began and holden in and for the 
 county of Knox and state aforesaid, at the house of John B. Gum, Esq., in 
 said county, on Eriday, the first day of October, it being the last Eriday before 
 the first Monday in the said month of October, in the year of Our Lord, One 
 thousand eight hundred and thirty, and of the independence of the United States - 
 the fifty-fifth : ' . '. 
 
 Present, The Hon. Richa.rd M. Young, circuit judge ; John G. Sanborn, clerk ; ,: 
 Stephen Osborn, sheriff ; James M. Strode, Esq., state's atty. pro tem. 
 
 ORDERED : That the order heretofore made on the tenth day of June in the . 
 year of Our Lord, 1830, for the organization of the said county of Knox. tbgether 
 with the order, made on the 5th day of July, A. D., 1830, regulating the times of 
 holding the circuit court in said county, be spread upon the records of this court ; 
 which said orders are in the words, and figures following, to wit : 
 
10 : HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY ^^-^ 
 
 State of Illinois, ) ^, , \ ;.. - ;;. ; ; 
 
 Fifth Judicial Circuit : j 
 
 The People of the State of Illinois, to all who shall see these Presents: 
 Greeting: 
 
 Whereas, by the ninth and eleventh sections of the act entitled "An Act 
 forming new Counties out of the Counties of Pike and Fulton, and the attached 
 parts thereof" approved i3th January, 1825, it is made the duty of the presiding 
 judge of the fifth judicial circuit of the state of Illinois, whenever it shall be 
 made appear, to his satisfaction, that either of the counties of Hancock, Warren, 
 Mercer, Henry, Putnam or Knox contain three hundred and fifty inhabitants, to 
 proceed to organize the same, and to grant an order for the election of officers, 
 preparatory thereto; and whereas, it has been made appear to my satisfaction, 
 that the said county of Knox contains three hundred and fifty inhabitants and up- 
 wards, and inasmuch as the greater part of the qualified voters of the said county, 
 have requested by petition, that the same should be organized with as little delay 
 as possible ; I do therefore in pursuance of the power vested in me by virtue of 
 the 9th and nth sections of the above recited act, ORDER and DIRECT, that an elec- 
 tion be held in and for the said county of Knox at the house of John B. Gum, on 
 Saturday, the third day of July, A. D., 1830, for the election of three county com- 
 missioners, one sheriff and one coroner, to serve, when elected and qualified, in 
 and for the said county of Knox, respectively, until they shall be superseded, by 
 the persons who may be elected at the general election, to be held on the first Mon- 
 day in August next ; and for the purpose of having this order carried into execu- 
 tion, I do hereby appoint Jacob Gum, Stephen Osborn and Nicholas Voiles of 
 said county, judges of the said election, whose duty it shall be to set up written or 
 printed advertisements, or notices of said election, in at least six of the most 
 public places in said county inclusive of the place at which said election is hereby 
 directed to be held, having regard to the situation and population of the different 
 settlements within said county at least ten days previous to the said election, to 
 the end that all persons concerned may have timely notice thereof. The election 
 to be VIVA VOCE, between the hours of lo o'clock in the morning and 7 o'clock 
 in the evening of said day and conducted, as /ar as may be practicable, in con- 
 formity with the act entitled "An act regulating elections," approved January loth, 
 1829. And lastly, the said judges are to certify the result of said election to the 
 secretary of state as soon as thereafter may be convenient, in order that the per- 
 sons who may be elected may be commissioned and qualified with as little delay 
 as possible. And after the election of the said county officers, I do hereby de- 
 clare the said county of Knox, to be organized, and entitled to the same rights 
 and privileges, as the other counties in this state. 
 
 Given under my hand and seal, at Lewistown, this loth day of June, in the 
 year of Our Lord, 1830, and of the independence of the United States the fifty- 
 fourth. . 
 
 -..-, -A 1 
 
 .; RICHARD M. YOUNG, ' 
 
 '-''- 
 
 \. :;.'.;,.: Judge Fifth Judicial Circuit, State of Illinois. ", 
 
 JOHN G. SANBORN produced in court his appointment as clerk of said court, 
 which was ordered to be entered of record, and is in the words and figures fol- 
 lowing, to-wit : 
 
' > - ^ HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY ."xV^/ H 
 
 State of Illinois, 
 
 I Set. 
 
 Fifth Judicial Circuit. 
 
 ; The People of the State of Illinois, to all who shall see these presents; 
 Greeting: 
 
 Know ye, that I, Richard M. Young, judge of the fifth judicial circuit of the 
 state of Illinois, north of the Illinois river, and presiding judge of the circuit 
 court, in and for, the county of Knox, and state aforesaid (whenever the same 
 shall be organized), reposing especial trust and confidence in the integrity and 
 capacity of John G. Sanborn, Esq., have, and by these presents do, for and in 
 behalf of the people of the state of Illinois, appoint him clerk of the circuit 
 court in and for the said county of Knox, and state aforesaid. And I do hereby 
 authorize and empower him, to have and to exercise all the powers and duties, 
 legally appertaining to the said office, and to collect and receive all the emolu- 
 ments therefrom arising, during good behaviour. 
 
 Given under my hand and seal, at Lewistown this loth day of June A. D., 
 1830, and of the independence of the United States the fifty-fourth. -..-'< 
 (SEAL) , , . - RICHARD M. YOUNG. -^ 
 
 Judge Fifth Judicial Circuit, Illinois. 
 
 Pursuant to the order of the Hon. Richard M. Young, judge of the fifth 
 judicial circuit of the state of Illinois, for the holding of an election for the 
 election of county commissioners, it will appear from the following that said 
 election was held on the third day of July. 1830, and the action of the commis- 
 sioners in pursuance thereof is herein entered in full. 
 
 --' ' ' :.'- ' 
 
 , COUNTY COMMISSIONERS COURT ^SPECIAL TERM JULY 7TH, 1830^ :. 
 
 At a special term of a county commissioners court began and held at the 
 house of John B. Gum, Esq., in and for the county of Knox in the state of Illi- 
 nois on this seventh day of July A. D. 1830 (pursuant to notice of Riggs Pen- 
 nington, Philip Hash and Charles Hansford, commissioners elect for said county ; 
 
 Present, Riggs Pennington, Philip Hash and Charles Hansford, who, at an 
 election, held in and for the said county of Knox, on the 3rd day of July A. D. 
 1830, in pursuance of an order of the Honorable Richard M. Young, judge of 
 the fifth judicial circuit, in the state of Illinois, were duly elected to the office of 
 county commissioners for said county of Knox ; and the said county commis- 
 sioners being duly sworn into office, the said court was declared duly organized 
 for the transaction of business by Stephen Osborn the sheriff elect for said 
 county. 
 
 John B. Gum was appointed by the judges of this court as a clerk of said 
 court. 
 
 ORDERED: That this court be adjourned to meet at the same place on the 
 9th day of July instant, at eleven o'clock in the forenoon of said day. 
 
 The appointment of John B. Gum as clerk of the county commissioners 
 court for some reason proved unsuccessful and he declined to serve, probably 
 because he preferred to be county treasurer, to which office he was appointed 
 July 9th. Whereupon John G. Sanborn was appointed. By this appointment 
 
12 HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY >^-;:.: 
 
 Mr. Sanborn became clerk of both courts in the county. The following orders 
 of court will fully show this appointment: . . . . . 
 
 . :^; ': SPECIAL TERM JULY 9, 1830 ./:' :/;.-' 
 
 At a special term of the county commissioners court, began and held at the 
 house of John B. Gum, Esq., in and for the county of Knox in the state of Illi- 
 nois pursuant to adjournment, this pth day of July A. D. 1830. 
 
 Present, Riggs Pennington, Philip Hash, Charles Hansford, county 
 commissioners. 
 
 John B. Gum who, at the last special term of this court, was appointed clerk 
 of said court, having declined the acceptance of said appointment, John G. San- 
 bom was thereupon appointed clerk of this court. t ;; . 
 
 John G. Sanborn produced in court his appointment as clerk of the county 
 commissioners court for the county of Knox, and was sworn into office by Philip 
 Hash one of the commissioners of said court ; which appointment and oath is in 
 the words and figures following, to wit: 
 
 Knox County, | c .. : , ' - 
 
 State of Illinois, j ' ,- ... 
 
 To all who shall see these presents, Greeting: 
 
 Know ye, that we the undersigned county commissioners in and for the 
 said county of Knox and state of Illinois, reposing special trust and confidence 
 in the integrity and capacity of John G. Sanborn, have, and by these presents do, 
 in behalf of the people of the said county of Knox, appoint the said John G. 
 Sanborn clerk of the county commissioners court in and for the said county of 
 Knox and state of Illinois. And we do hereby authorize and empower the said 
 John G. Sanborn, to have and to exercise all the powers and duties legally 
 appertaining to the said office, and to collect and receive all the emoluments, 
 arising therefrom, during good behavior. 
 
 Given under our hands and seals this ninth day of July in the year of Our 
 Lord 1830, and of the independence of the United States the fifty- fourth,] 
 
 ..... , CHARLES HANSFORD, ..... (SEAL) . 
 
 .^ . . . RIGGS PENNINGTON, ';";';, (SEAL) -I, 
 
 ': PHILIP HASH, ' - ^' (SEAL) 
 
 ORDERED: That the temporary seat of justice for Knox county shall be at 
 the house of John B. Gum, Esq.. in said county. 
 
 ORDERED : That for the purpose of holding the next general election, to be 
 held on the first Monday of August next, the said county of Knox shall be one 
 precinct and that the said election shall be held at the house of John B. Gum, 
 Esq. 
 
 ORDERED: That Jacob Gum. Nicholas V^oiles and Thomas Maxwell be ap- 
 pointed to act as judges of election in the district composed of the county of 
 Knox. :.::-.-; 1: -V 
 
 ORDERED: That t.he clerk be authorized to procure a suitable seal for this 
 court, and also a suitable seal for the circuit court ; and also all necessary and 
 suitable books, for the circuit and county commissioners courts, for said county, 
 
 ORDERED : That the sum of seventy-five cents be allowed to each of the 
 
/:^; ;;:;:'; ..:-;-f HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY ; V - :K: 18 
 
 judges and clerks of an election held on the 3rd day of July ; and that the clerk 
 issue an order on the treasurer in favor of each, viz., . . . ,j, 
 
 No. I Jacob Gum, for seventy-five cents. v . :. 
 
 ; ' No. 2 Nicholas Voiles, for seventy-five cents. ,- . , '. ' -; ''^-. ; 
 
 ; .; No. 3 Stephen Osborn, for seventy-five cents. ^ r : ':> v-i V, ^ ^' v : 
 
 No. 4 William McMurtry for seventy-five cents. /--'^ '''' '^ 
 
 ;. :' No. 5 Jonathan C. Reed for seventy-five cents. 
 
 John B. Gum was appointed by the Commissioners of this Court, Treasurer 
 for the county of Knox, and it was . C 
 
 OIIDERED: That the clerk deliver to him his appointment, and request him 
 to file his bond, for the penal sum of five hundred dollars with the clerk of this 
 court before the next term thereof. 
 
 ORDERED: That the clerk issue a license for retailing spirituous liquors for 
 the term of one year from the date thereof, to Samuel S. White in said county, 
 on his paying into the county treasury the sum of two dollars, and to the clerk 
 his fees for issuing the same ; and that the following tavern rates be established, 
 for the regulation of the said Samuel S. White, viz : 
 
 For a half pint of whiskey 12^ cents 
 
 - For a half pint of brandy i8^ cents V; 
 
 For a half pint of wine ' 25 cents ' 
 
 For a meal of victuals 25 cents 
 
 ; . For lodging for one person one night 12^ cents :.;: 
 
 : For a feed of corn or oats for a horse 12^ cents .;' . 
 
 For feed and stabling for a horse one night 25 cents 
 
 We have now traced the territorial jurisdiction and the organization of the 
 county of Knox to a point where everything may proceed with orderly sequence. 
 We are now leaving that part of our subject to take up the general business of 
 the county at a point where we have the circuit and county commissioners courts 
 fully established and all the county officers properly inducted into office. 
 
 It is interesting to notice, however, that the first act of the county after its full 
 preparation to do business was the granting of a license to sell intoxicating liq- 
 uor, a thing which could not be done today under any circumstances whatever. 
 The board of supervisors have at different times been petitioned for the grant- 
 ing of such a license and have always refused to do so by an overwhelming vote. 
 We may learn one thing, however, from this record, that the drinking of liquor 
 in all probability was not carried on in the tippling house proper but was pur- 
 chased and taken home in small quantities for home consumption, which much 
 minimizes the evil of the traffic. The tippling house with its attendant evils was 
 reserved for the time when the business became differentiated from all other 
 businesses and when the fight for profits was concentrated upon the sale of liq- 
 uor alone. 
 
 It will be our duty to take up in the next and succeeding chapters a considera- 
 tion of the more important transactions of the county of Knox. 
 
14 HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY 
 
 :. MINOR COURTS AND PERMANENT SEAT OF JUSTICE '> ' 
 :/ : .:- .^^::.VV..:-..>..-:X;- :-/ ::..rv-:v:-:<;^. . 
 
 After placing the county machinery in good working order, the commissioners 
 undertook the work of providing minor courts for the people, and to get posses- 
 sion of such funds as were coming from the county of Fulton from taxes levied 
 on Knox county property while Knox county was under judicial control of Fulton 
 county as shown in previous pages of this history. The orders on these matters 
 are given in full for the purpose of showing methods of transacting business in 
 those days. 
 
 ORDERED: That for the election of justices of the peace and constables, the ' 
 county of Knox shall be and hereby is divided into two districts, bounded and 
 defined as follows: The first of said districts shall include all that part of the .v , ' - 
 said county lying north of the township line between townships number ten and .; 
 eleven north, and shall be called the "Henderson" district. And the second of 
 said districts, shall include all that part of said county lying south of the town- 
 ship line between townships number ten and eleven north, and shall be called the .;; 
 ."Spoon River" district. i: 
 
 ORDERED: That J^cob Gum, Nicholas Voiles and Thomas Maxwell be, and 'VV.: 
 hereby are, appointed judges of elections for justices of the peace and consta- . 'v' 
 bles, in the "Henderson" district in the county of Knox, and that elections in : ' .' 
 said district be held at the house of John B. Gum, Esq., and that an election be 
 held in said district on the 7th day of August next, for three justices of the j I'',- 
 peace and two constables. ' ;/., 
 
 ORDERED: That Abraham Swarts, Hiram Palmer and Parnack Owen, be, and ., 
 are hereby, appointed judges of elections for justices of the peace and consta- ; :- 
 bles in the "Spoon River" district in the county of Knox, and that elections in ; . 
 said district be held at the house of Abraham Swarts, Esq., and that an election '..-.''^ 
 be held in said district on Saturday the 7th day of August next, for two justices ' 1 . 
 
 of the peace and two constables. :. : 'V .^'^-.?.'^ '':':'. '':-"?! '-rV;-.^'-; 
 
 To the County Commissioners of Fulton County : 
 
 We the undersigned county commissioners of Knox county do hereby peti- 
 tion your honorable court to grant an order of said court, to furnish to the 
 clerk of the county commissioners court of Knox county a list of the property 
 in said county of Knox, assessed for taxation by the county of Fulton for the ,\ .. 
 present year, and to relinquish to the said county of Knox, the right of collect- v 
 ing said taxes. And should the above petition be granted, we do hereby agree to 
 account to your honorable court, for all taxes on lands in said county of ? 
 Knox, with which the county of Fulton may have become chargeable by the - 
 auditor of public accounts; and further, to account for expenses legally in-, 
 curred in taking the assessment of said county of Knox. ;.;..; 
 
 Dated Knox county, this I7th day of July, 1830. \^ ' .. u'^-,^ V I .- ^ ^ !V^^^, 
 V >^.;!:-.. . . . .' ^ ''.'''': CHARLES HANSFORD, ', 'f^ 
 
 - -.^^ ;X- ;,.,'.' ..,- ' '':' ^']- ..-''.'.;;' RiGGs PEXNINGTON, , ./;';v!.y 
 
 PHILIP HASH. V^' 
 
 ORDERED: That the clerk of this court leave the above recited memorial, -:''v. 
 with the clerk of the county commissioners court of Fulton county, and re- 
 quest him to lay the same before said court, at their next regular or special term. 
 
- .; V. : / "f HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY ^ ^ 16 
 
 ' It will be remembered that Riggs Pennington, Philip Hash and Charles Hans- 
 ford were elected members of county commissioners court on July 3, 1830, to 
 organize the county; that they met on the 7th of July and adjourned to July gth; 
 that on said July gth they ordered a new election to be held at the house of John 
 B. Gum on the first Monday in August following at the time of the general 
 election; that election was held as provided and Pennington, Hash and Alexan- 
 der Frakes were elected to the first commissioners court under the general 
 election in the county. At the December term 1830 of the court was reported 
 upon what conditions the county commissioners of Fulton county would turn 
 over to Knox county the collection of taxes which had been levied by Fulton 
 county on Knox county property. The order of approval is as follows : 
 
 ORDERED: That the conditions proposed by county commissioners of Ful- 
 ton county at their special term on the 26th of August, as certified by the clerk 
 of said court on file be accepted, and that the clerk of this court issue an order for 
 the sum of eight dollars and twenty-five cents, and cause the said amount to be 
 paid into the county treasury of Fulton county on or before the first Monday of 
 March, 1831. 
 
 It seems from the above that the work of assessing and extending the taxes 
 on Knox county property at that time could be done for $8.25. The assessment 
 of taxes at that time was a very simple matter. The following order was entered 
 at the March term 1831 of said court. 
 
 ORDERED: That a tax of one-half per centum be assessed on all personal 
 property liable to taxation by law, in the county of Knox for the year 1831. 
 ':' John B. Gum, treasurer of Knox county, produced in court a statement of 
 his account with the said county as follows: ,. 
 
 The county of Knox in a/c with John B. Gum ................... ..... Cr. 
 
 By Specie received of Sam'I S. White for tavern license ............ .\$ 2.OO 
 
 By amount of the revenue received from the state treasury for the -; 
 
 year 1830 being Jhe specie rec'd in exchange for the same ........ 320.00 
 
 By amount rec'd from the sheriff of Knox county being the amount 
 
 collected by him for taxes on personal property for the year 1830 as . 
 ; follows, viz : ................................................. ; ;t -ix ' 
 
 - - State Paper ................................. $ 5.00 , v;-V; .';' A>:; 
 
 ; ;'* ' County Orders .............................. 10.75 ' - 
 
 ''''''^-^ Specie ..................................... . 3-57 19-32 
 
 The county of Knox Dr. To paid county orders as follows, viz : 
 
 : . ; No. I Jacob Gum ................................. 75 v -. ' , ; 
 
 ,; No. 2 Nicholas Voiles ............................. 75 :^'V -:-;:''. :K; 
 
 '... No. 3 Stephen Osborn ............................. 75 .;P,':':''V^ 
 
 No. 4 Wm. McMurtry ............................. 75 -. . 
 
 . No. 7 Nicholas Voiles ............................. 75 ;'.; } . v ^ 
 
 ." No. 8 Charles Hansford ........................... 75 -:^'-/,: '^1 
 
 . No. lO Wm. McMurtry ............................. 75 . ?; x, ' 7-' ' 
 
 . No. 13 Charles Hansford .......................... 1.50 T 
 
 > ; No. 19 John B. Gum .............................. 4.00 -^ 10.75 
 
 Balance remaining in the county treasury this 7th day of March, 1831 . .$330.57 
 . , JOHN B. GUM, Treasurer of Knox County, 
 
16 HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY 
 
 ORDERED: That the above account be accepted, and that the treasurer be al- 
 lowed two per cent on the amount paid out of the county treasury as per the 
 above account. 
 
 ORDERED: That John B. Guni^be reappointed treasurer of Knox county and 
 that he be required to give a new bond for the penal sum of five hundred dollars, 
 and file the same in this court. 
 
 The money received from the state was the greatest part of the revenue of 
 the county as shown by the above report of the county treasurer. Five hundred 
 dollars was the amount of the treasurer's bond for that year. 
 
 The temporary seat of justice was at the house of John B. Gum, Esq., located 
 on section 32, Henderson township. In the very nature of things, this arrange- 
 ment could not last long. Accordingly on the I2th day of March, 1831, the 
 county commissioners ordered the construction of a court house upon specifica- 
 tions which are entered below. The contract for the building was let in two 
 parts and was divided according to the following orders: 
 
 ORDERED: That a contract be entered into with the lowest bidder for the 
 erection of a court house as follows: To be built of logs hewed on the ground 
 and raised two stories high, the first story to be nine feet high between the 
 sleepers and joists, the second story to be eight feet between the joists and top 
 of the wall plates; the size of the building to be twenty-eight feet long and 
 twenty feet wide, the corners to be sawed down after the building is raised. 
 Thirteen sleepers to be delivered on the ground; and thirteen joists to be nine 
 inches by three inches in size to be hewed straight and planed smooth and placed 
 in the building at equal distances apart, level and ready for the reception of a 
 floor; said building to be erected on such part of the quarter section designated 
 by law, for the seat of justice for said county as may be selected by the county 
 commissioners on or before the loth day of April^ and said job to be completed 
 on or before the 2Oth day of May next; said building to be placed on a solid and 
 permanent foundation of pillars of stone, one at each corner and one at the 
 center of each side, to be raised one foot above the surface of the ground. The 
 sills are to be hewed square, ten by twelve inches in size and to be laid level and 
 so as to leave four inches clear inside the logs, and to be made of good sound 
 over cup* or white oak timber the first round of logs above the sills also to be 
 over cup or white oak; the wall plates are to be hewed square, lo by 8 inches in 
 size and to be delivered on the ground two plates 28 feet long, and two plates 
 20 feet long. 
 
 ORDERED: That a contract be entered into with the lowest bidder, for com- 
 pleting and finishing the court house in the following manner, viz : The plates 
 are to be raised and laid level and a good substantial roof to be put on, made of 
 good black walnut shingles i8 inches in length, jointed and well put on; thirteen 
 sleepers to be hewed on one side and laid level in a workmanlike manner, and a 
 floor of good white oak or ash plank one and one- fourth inch thick and 7 by 9 
 inches wide to be laid close but not jointed or laid down tight; two windows and 
 one door to be cut out and cased and faced with plank, the windows to be of 
 suitable size to receive the sash for 12 lights of glass 8 by lO inches, the door to 
 be of good large suitable size, and to be made of good plank and made to fit the 
 
 *burr oak. 
 
Plate V That part of Illinois ceded by the Indians Nov. 3rd, 180*. 
 covering Knox County. 
 
 Plate VI Pike County, Illinois, covering what is now Knox County. . ;.. 
 

HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY ? ; ^ 17 
 
 casing, and well hung in a workmanlike manner. The windows and door to be 
 placed in such part of the building as the commissioners may direct on or before 
 the 2oth day of May next, and the whole work to be completed before the first 
 Monday in June next. 
 
 At this time there was no town in which, and no land belonging to the county, 
 on which to build this court house. Nevertheless, on the same day the court 
 entered the following orders: 
 
 ORDERED: That a contract be entered into with the lowest bidder for posts 
 and stakes for laying out a town at the seat of justice for said county as follows: 
 Four posts for the corners of the public square to be seven feet in length, 12 
 inches squari, to be hewed and planed for four feet in length and a suitable head 
 cut or turned, the head to be painted white and the remainder of the four feet 
 to be painted red or black three feet at the lower end of said posts to be left 
 the full size of the timber, and to be the butt ends of white oak or over cup trees. 
 Three hundred stakes three feet in length, to be shaved four inches square for 
 one foot in length at the upper end' the lower end to be hewed or shaved to a 
 point and the remainder to be hewed or shaved square to be delivered at or 
 near the center of the quarter section designated for the seat of justice for said 
 county on or before the ist day of April next. The posts may be painted after 
 they shall be placed in the ground at any time before the 2Oth day of May next, 
 the stakes to be made of large over cup timber suitable for board timber. 
 
 ORDERED: That the foregoing jobs of work be offered to be let to the lowest 
 bidder upon the following terms, viz: One-third part of the amount of each 
 contract to be paid out of the county treasury on taking the contract and upon 
 the contractor's giving bond with security approved by the court for the per- 
 formance of the contract ; and the other two-thirds of the amount of edch con- 
 tract to be paid out of the first money arising from the sale of lots in said town, 
 or out of the revenue which may be due from the state treasury to said county 
 for the year 1831, whenever it shall come into the county treasury. Every per- 
 son taking a contract, shall within two days after taking a contract, enter into 
 a bond with sufficient security in a penalty of double the aniount of said con- 
 tract for the faithful performance of the same. . / 
 
 William Lewis, having offered to take the first contract for the erection of a 
 court house for the sum of seventy-eight dollars, and being the lowest bidder for 
 same it is therefore ORDERED: That a contract be entered into for the same. 
 
 Parnach Owen, having offered to take the second contract for completing and 
 finishing the court house, for the sum of one hundred dollars, and he being the 
 lowest bidder, it is ORDERED : That a contract be entered into with him for same. 
 
 Andrew Osborn, having offered to take the third contract for posts and 
 stakes, for the sum of fifteen dollars, and he being the lowest bidder for the 
 same it is therefore ORDERED: That a contract be made with him for the same. 
 
 On the i4th day of March it was concluded that six more windows were 
 needed in the court house and we find the following entry. 
 
 Parnach Owen, having offered to make six additional windows in the court 
 house of the same description as those mentioned in his contract, for the sum of 
 six dollars, ORDERED: That the same be added to his contract. 
 
 Provision having been made for a court house, the county commissioners 
 took steps to acquire land on which to build and for laying out a town which 
 
 Vol. I 1 
 
18 " HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY 
 
 should constitute a permanent seat of justice. On March 24th the following 
 proceedings were had in said matter: 
 
 ORDERED : That some suitable person be employed to proceed on to the land 
 offices in Springfield, as agent for the county of Knox, to secure the title to said 
 county by pre-emption for the S. W. 28 ii N. 2 E., being the land designated 
 by law as the permanent seat of justice, for said county; and for this purpose 
 that the same be offered to the lowest bidder upon his giving bond in a penalty 
 of double the amount of money entrusted to him, with sufficient securties to be 
 approved by the court, conditioned that the person so employed and empowered 
 shall proceed to go to the land offices in Springfield as soon as practicable, and 
 make application for said land in the name of the county commissioners of said 
 county, and make return of the certificate he may receive for said land, on or 
 before the loth day of April next, to the said commissioners or to the clerk of 
 said court. 
 
 Rees Jones, having offered to go on to the land offices at Springfield as agent 
 as before mentioned, for the sum of eight dollars, and having offered a bond 
 for the faithful performance of said commission as above specified, it is 
 ORDERED: That the said offer and bond be accepted and that the bond be filed 
 in the clerk's office. 
 
 ORDERED: That Rees Jones be and he hereby is employed and authorized as 
 agent for the county commissioners of Knox county, to proceed on to the land 
 offices at Springfield and make application in the name of the said county com- 
 missioners for the use of said county, for the southwest quarter of section twen- 
 ty-eight, in township eleven north, in range two east, of the fourth principal 
 meridian, being the quarter section designated by law for the seat of justice for 
 said county, and to which the said commissioners are entitled to the right of 
 pre-emption, according to the laws of the United States, and that the clerk of 
 this court furnish them with a certified copy of this order, and also a certified 
 copy of the act passed at the last session of the general assembly of this state, 
 entitled "An act to establish a permanent seat of justice for Knox county and 
 for other purposes," approved January 15, 1831. And for the purposes afore- 
 said, the clerk is hereby authorized to issue an order on the treasurer in favor of 
 Rees Jones, agent for said commissioners, as aforesaid for the sum of two hun- 
 dred and five dollars. r -'-,: ^ -.::-'.''' h - ' 'V . ; 
 
 ORDERED : That the clerk issue an order on the treasurer in favor of Rees 
 Jones for eight dollars, his compensation for going to Springfield as agent for 
 the county commissioners of Knox county. 
 
 Having arranged for the purchase of land on which to build a town and a 
 court house, the committee on the first day of April, 1831, entered into a con- 
 tract with Parnach Owen for dividing the same into lots and blocks according 
 to the following plan. 
 
 ORDERED: That a contract be made with Parnach Owen for laying out the 
 town of Henderson, the minutes of which contract are as follows: The said 
 Owen agrees to survey and establish the exterior lines and corners of the south- 
 west quarter of section twenty-eight in township eleven north, in range two 
 east, and to lay off the streets of said town as follows: Main street to be six 
 rods wide, the north side of said street to be 54 rods south of, and parallel with 
 the north line of the said quarter section ; two other streets 4 rods wide to be laid 
 
fla^j; ^ 
 
 Plate \'II Fulton County, Illinois, covering the south four townships of what is now Knox County. 
 
 Plate \'III Knox County, Illinois, as formed Jan. 13, 18i5. The north four townships of Knox 
 County of to-day, then covered by Henry County. 
 
 Plate IX Knox County, Illinois, as formed Jan. 15, 1831, being the same as to-day, with two town- 
 ships added on the northeast. 
 
 Plat. V k'nnv rniintM 
 
:' V-- .; ; ' ^: :; HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY . 19 
 
 ' " \ ' 
 
 out at a distance of 20 rods one on each side of and parallel with Main street; 
 two other streets 4 rods wide to be laid out from South to North across said quar- 
 ter section 40 rods distant from and parallel with the east and west lines of said 
 quarter section ; and two other cross streets 4 rods wide extending from the 
 south to North street, and crossing Main street and 20 rods from and parallel 
 with the east and west streets and bounding the public square on the east and 
 west sides ; the public square to be laid out and bounded east and west by the two 
 last mentioned cross streets and extending lo rods north and south of Main 
 street; all the blocks between north and south street to be laid out in lots to 
 contain one quarter of an acre of land and to be lo rods in length by 40 rods in 
 width fronting north and south upon one of the streets running east and west; 
 the remainder of the quarter section to be laid off into out lots as follows : The 
 land on the north side of North street to be divided into 4 lots and the land on 
 the south side of South street to be divided into 8 lots as nearly equal in size as 
 may be thought advisable, said Owen to stick and drive and number the stakes 
 at the corners of the lots and set 4 posts and the said Owen is to be paid twelve 
 and a half cents for each large and small lot, in said town as a full compensation 
 for laying out and surveying said town ; to be paid and discharged in lots in said 
 town at the same prices and rates as may be obtained for the same at the first 
 sale of lots for cash or prompt payment. 
 
 On the 9th day of April, 1831, there was another meeting of the county com- 
 missioners at which was presented the following receipt showing the purchase 
 of land which had been set apart by law for the seat of justice of Knox county. 
 
 .'.:-:/;''::':..";; "''.' .;{:r'^ RECEIVER'S OFFICE. '/.J.'- /-:.: . ' ^.'^'V:-' '.'':';:" 
 
 No. 4793. (Duplicate) ;;V ' . ;" ^' : ' ' :'_::.'.::: - -v , . .-; 
 
 ' ;-'';;>..>: : -, SPRINGFIELD, April ist, 1831. 
 
 Received from Alexander C. Frakes and Riggs Penning^on, (county commis- 
 sioners of Knox county. 111.) the sum of two hundred dollars, being in full for 
 S. W. qr. of section No. 28, township No. ii North, Range No. 2 east, 4th pi. 
 md. containing one hundred and sixty acres at the rate of $1.25 per acre. $200. 
 
 /: V'-'V;.'xV. --^ -''':' ';---^'-;;-v^ JOHN TAYLOR, Receiver. 
 
 And now having acquired perfect title to the land by purchase from the gov- 
 ernment and having subdivided the same into lots and blocks, a day was fixed 
 for the sale of such lots and blocks as it was deemed advisable to offer at the 
 time. .:'.>>;.:-:;;:".';;''; '' ^.'- ..;','';- 
 
 ORDERED : That a sale of lots in the town of Henderson be made on the 23rd 
 day of April, 1831, as follows: The lots which may be offered for sale will be 
 sold to the highest bidder, and immediately after the sale of the lots, the pur- 
 chasers will be required to give a note or obligation with approved security for 
 the amount for which each lot shall be sold, payable in three equal installments ; 
 one-third part of said amount payable in 12 months, one-third part in i8 months, 
 and one-third part in 24 months from the day of sale; subject, however, to a 
 deduction of eight per centum per annum, for the payment of the said amount 
 at the time of sale, or at the same rate for the payment of any of the said in- 
 stallments, at any time before the same shall become due; and the purchasers 
 will receive from the county commissioners a bond for a deed to be made on 
 
20 
 
 HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY 
 
 the full payment of the amount for which each lot may be sold; and the clerk V 
 is required to prepare blank bonds and notes for said sale. j-; 
 
 A plat of the ground as surveyed was made and acknowledged by the ,/, 
 county commissioners before William McMurtry, a justice of the peace of said . 
 county, being the town of Henderson, and was delivered to the recorder of the 
 county according to law on the 23rd day of April, 1831, being the day on which' 
 certain lots were sold at auction. At that sale seventy-nine lots were sold for ^ 
 $1,256 or an average price of practically $15.90 per lot. The lots varied in price 
 from $4 up to $6i each. For making the survey Parnach Owen was paid the 
 sum of $18.25 ^"d it was ordered that the court house be located on the south- 
 west corner of lot lo, in block 5, so as to front on Main street 28 feet. It was . 
 ordered that a further sale of lots be made on Monday the i3th day of June, * . 
 1831. Upon that day a second sale was made which resulted in disposing of .:' v 
 eighteen lots for a gross sum of $233.50. Upon the same day the work per- 
 formed by William Lewis on the court house was examined and approved and '' 
 Mr. Lewis was discharged from the contract and was paid $52, also Parnach ;-:^.' 
 Owen appeared and was discharged from the contract and he was allowed $6 :; ' ' 
 in addition for extra work and paid $76.66. Upon the same day Andrew Os- ; 
 born appeared with his contract for stakes and posts which was declared satis- . . 
 fied and he was discharged from further work and the clerk was directed to - ' . 
 issue an order on the treasurer in the sum of $io in payment of said contract. 
 
 On the 6th day of September, 1831, the county commissioners court con- -'V' 
 vened and entered the following order in regard to further work upon the ,; ^ 
 court house. .:;' 
 
 ORDERED: That notice be given that on Saturday the I7th day of Septem- :;; 
 ber inst. at the court house in the town of Henderson, the following jobs of ' 
 work will severally be let to the lowest bidder, to-wit: For underpinning the ' ' 
 walls of the court house and for finishing the walls of the court house by chink- ' \' 
 ing and daubing the same, and nailing boards on the outside over the cracks v;;. 
 and daubing. For furnishing oak or ash plank and laying loose the upper floor ,- 
 in the court house. For furnishing sash, glass, putty, etc., and finishing the win- 
 dows of the court house; making a suitable seat for the judge, table for the 
 clerk and seats for the court, the particulars respecting the same to be made f . 
 known at the time they are let out. ;. ' . > vV; ^j ' v.v' / ' - ;^':' 
 
 ORDERED : That John G. Sanborn be authorized to procure a suitable stove 
 and stove pipe for the court house, and also a lock and key for the same. 
 
 ORDERED: That no family be permitted to reside in the court house, and 
 that as soon as the same shall be finished it shall be kept locked, and the key 
 thereof deposited with the clerk of this court. .; 
 
 On the 1 7th day of September, 1831, the commissioners proceeded to let the 
 contract for completing the court house according to the notice previously given 
 and the reading of the contract and specifications are so quaint and full of in- ; 
 structions that they are given in full below. It is certainly a matter of educa- 
 tion to the people of today and will continue to be such more and more as time 
 passes on. They are as follows: 
 
 The commissioners proceeded agreeably to notice given to let out the jobs 
 of work for finishing the court house as follows : A contract was entered into by 
 the commissioners with Robert K. Hendricks for underpinning the court house 
 
;y>f:;. ; HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY . . yt 21 
 
 with good sound rock to be laid to face on the outside and laid tight and in a 
 workmanlike manner. Also to chink the cracks of the walls on the inside with 
 blocks of suitable size to fill the cracks and of convenient lengths to be laid in 
 lengthwise so as to fill up the cracks full and plum with the wall and fastened 
 with pins well drove into the logs and the pins sawed off close: The cracks to 
 be filled full and plum with the outside of the logs with clay mortar well worked 
 and tempered and mixed with straw or hay and rough boards of sufficient width 
 to cover the cracks and daubing to be nailed on the outside over the daubing 
 to be completed on or before the 22nd day of October next, and for which the 
 said commissioners agreed to pay to the said Hendricks the sum of thirty- 
 seven dollars and a half, of which one dollar and forty-nine cents is to be paid 
 out of the treasury upon entering contract as above, and the remaining sum of 
 thirty-six to be allowed to the said Hendricks in payment of any town lots 
 sold at any former sale : it was 
 
 ORDERED: That the clerk issue an order on the treasurer in favor of the said 
 Robert K. Hendricks for the sum of one dollar and forty-nine cents on the 
 above named contract. 
 
 Calvin Glass having offered to furnish oak or ash plank i ^ inches thick and 
 eight or nine inches wide for the upper floor in the court house, and to lay the 
 same loose, on or before the 22nd day of October next, for the sum of eighteen 
 dollars, which offer was accepted by the commissioners one-half of the said 
 sum to be paid by an order on treasurer on the ensealing hereof, and the other 
 half to be paid on the completion of the same : Whereupon it was 
 
 ORDERED : That the clerk issue an order on the treasurer in favor of Calvin 
 Glass for the sum of nine dollars on the above contract. 
 
 Calvin Glass offered to finish and complete eight windows in the court house 
 and to furnish glass, putty and other materials requisite for the same each win- 
 dow to contain two sash, each of six lights of 8 by lo glass (12 lights to each 
 window), the glass to be set with putty and the sash to be primed, fitted and put 
 in in a workmanlike manner. Also to erect a seat or stand for the judges as fol- 
 lows: a platform to be erected seven feet long, three and a half feet wide and 
 eighteen inches high, with a step or stair at each end of the same; standards to 
 be inserted and framed in, and the front and back to be closed up with plank 
 neatly jointed and matched, the front to be two feet nine inches above the top 
 of the platform, and an inclined writing shelf about fifteen inches broad placed 
 on the top, projecting over the front about one-third part of the width of it. 
 The platform to be framed and put together so as to stand independent of the 
 walls of the building the whole to be made of good suitable plank in a work- 
 manlike manner. Also a table two feet and ten inches high, seven feet long and 
 three and a half feet wide, the legs to be framed together at the top and bottom, 
 and to be made strong and finished in a neat, substantial, and workmanlike man- 
 ner. Also six seats or benches of- suitable height, nine or ten feet long and at least 
 twelve inches wide, to be made of suitable plank, the l^s to be of plank and 
 braced with strips on each side, and to be planed smooth and made strong and 
 substantial ; to furnish all the materials requisite and suitable for the whole of 
 the above work and to complete the same on or before the 22nd of October next, 
 for the sum of forty-three dollars, to be paid out of the county treasury on the 
 completion of said work ; and the said offer having been accepted. 
 
22 ' : HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY 
 
 ORDERED: That the clerk prepare written contracts for the above work with 
 Calvin Glass and execute the same on part of the commissioners upon his enter- 
 ing into contract and giving security for the performance of the same. 
 
 On September 7th, 1831, the following orders were given: 
 
 ORDERED : That the clerk issue an order on the treasurer in favor of Robert 
 K. Hendricks for the sum of five dollars and fifty cents in part on his contract 
 for completing the court house. 
 
 ORDERED: That the clerk issue an order on the treasurer in favor of Calvin 
 Glass for the siun of fifteen dollars in part on his contract for windows, etc., for 
 the court house. . , 
 
 September 15, 1832, we find the following orders: 
 
 Upon the request of the court, George A. Charles and John B. Gum having 
 taken into consideration the contract of Robert K. Hendricks, and having ex- 
 amined the work performed under said contract, gave it as their opinion to the 
 court, that the said Robert K. Hendricks is not entitled to full compensation for 
 said work, but that the sum of two dollars and fifty cents be deducted from the 
 amount of said contract. Whereupon it is 
 
 ORDERED: That the clerk issue an order on the treasurer in favor of Robert 
 K. Hendricks, or bearer, for the sum of twenty-eight dollars, receivable in pay- 
 ment of any town lots sold at any sale previous to the ijth day of October, 1831, 
 as a full compensation for the work done on said contract, and that the said con- 
 tract and bond be endorsed satisfied, and the said Robert K. Hendricks and his 
 security be released from said contract and bond. 
 
 ORDERED : That the clerk issue an order on the treasurer for the sum of 
 thirty-three dollars in favor of Calvin Glass or bearer, being in full compensation 
 for a certain contract entered into by the said Glass for finishing the court house 
 by putting in windows, making seats, table and judge's stand, and the above in- 
 cluding five dollars additional compensation for extra work done on the judge's 
 stand, etc., and that the said contract and bond be endorsed satisfied. 
 
 ORDERED: That the clerk issue an order on the treasurer in favor of Calvin 
 Glass or bearer, for the sum of nine dollars in full, compensation for his con- 
 tract for furnishing plank and laying loose the upper fioor of the court house; 
 and that the said Calvin Glass be held on his contract accountable for any de- 
 ficiency of plank which may be required to lay said floor agreeably to contract. 
 
 THE TOPOGRAPHY AiND GEOLOGY OF KNOX COUNTY 
 
 BY FREDERICK R. JELLIFF 
 
 The topography of Knox county is determined by the watershed between 
 the Illinois and Mississippi rivers. This elevation diagonally traverses the 
 northwest part of the county and creates two main drainage districts, the one to 
 the south and southeast with Spoon river as its main channel, and the other to 
 the northwest, with branches of Pope and Henderson creeks furnishing the 
 outlet. By much the larger part of the county is drained by Spoon river and 
 its net work of creeks with their brooks and rivulets. These run south and 
 east on the north and west side of the river and north and northwest and west 
 
^ ^^ HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY ' > ; ' 28 
 
 on the east and south side of the river. This ridge varies from a quarter to a 
 mile in width and is part of the watershed extending from nearly the north 
 boundary of the State to the south and west. 
 
 Knox county is thus by no means a uniform surface, a level prairie, but 
 is diversified, with its rich prairie uplands, its long slopes to the streams, its 
 rounded hills, its often broad valleys and occasionally abrupt bluffs. 
 
 There is a remarkable ramification of streams as a glance at the map will 
 show. Counting the mapped contributary streams. Spoon river has a total 
 of 352 tributaries in this county, not including those of Walnut creek, that afford 
 drainage to every mile of its basin. On the north it has twelve main streams and 
 twelve on the south and east. Court creek, running east from east of Galesburg 
 to the river gets to be a fine stream often with wide and picturesque valley, 
 with high, rounded hills for a border; and emptying into it are nine main 
 branches, some of which extend far north into the adjacent territory. Haw 
 creek is another handsome stream, with Brush as one of its main assets, and with 
 a total of eleven main tributaries, including those of Brush. French creek 
 which flows from the east brings to Spoon river the waters of ten main tribu- 
 taries, while Willow creek in the extreme south part of the county conveys the 
 waters of five more. The laterals of all these creeks have their subdivisions, 
 their sloughs and their draws, extending into seemingly level uplands, and all 
 charged with water during times of heavy rainfalls. In all are 352 recognizable 
 and mapped Spoon river streams, little and big, reticulated like veins, conveying 
 water, sculpturing the land, often filled with precious humus, and gradually 
 planing down the level of the county. Every hill is the result of this process, 
 and every valley represents the work of a stream. 
 
 Walnut creek, which drains the northeast part of the county, has no less 
 than sixty-seven tributaries little and big, including the subdivisions of its main 
 branches, and is a Spoon river auxiliary. To the northwest are Pope creek 
 with twenty-five tributaries, and Henderson with forty-seven, and including 
 Cedar Fork with fifteen, all flowing west into the Mississippi river, while in 
 the extreme southwest part of the county is Cedar creek with twenty-four 
 tributaries emptying into Spoon river. 
 
 . 1>-^', ..;'--:i';'^v>.' /'/' ^v. V THE STREAM SYSTEM ' ', ^:'l. ''-'' 
 
 To recapitulate the stream system of the county, including all mapped 
 streams, is as follows: 
 
 Spoon river, unnamed 21 
 
 Walnut creek 67 
 
 Court creek 64 
 
 Brush creek ; 43 
 
 Haw creek , . v\r /;- 45 
 
 Willow creek 22 
 
 French creek 51 
 
 Cedar creek 24 
 
 Miscellaneous 15 
 
 Pope creek 25 
 
24 HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY 
 
 Henderson creek 48 
 
 Cedar Fork 15 
 
 Total 440 
 
 Of this total, eighty-eight find their way to the Mississippi, while the remainder 
 belong to the Spoon river system. 
 
 Thus all told on the 720 square miles of territory in this county there are 
 440 streams, agencies in shaping the surface and giving it its present contour and 
 character. These are fed by the thirty-six to forty-eight inches of annual rain- 
 fall, either by direct flow from the surface, or from seepage or springs. It 
 should also be remembered that every stream has for its feeders its rills and 
 rivulets. It is indeed amazing how large a work is accomplished by a mere 
 streamlet during a heavy rain, as it excavates a ravine in the soft hill side, or 
 plows its way down a cultivated incline, bearing soil away to the bottom land. 
 
 A Knox county hill represents the labor usually of two small streams that 
 in descending from the upland gradually excavate more and more deeply until 
 the bottom is reached through which they meander to the main channel, the hill 
 sides meanwhile being rounded into agreeable proportions by the washing away 
 of the material and the action of frost and atmosphere. As one walks along a 
 creek like Court he can see hill after hill, between each two of which comes 
 tumbling and singing a rivulet. The four hundred and forty streams mean there- 
 fore more than this number of hills, indicating that the areas of level land are 
 never more than a few square miles in extent and that the whole territory is 
 magnificently drained. 
 
 ;.., ; - ;; THE DRAINAGE AREA ;; 
 
 When one comes to the drainage areas he finds that they are approximately 
 distributed as follows: 
 
 Spoon river drainage area 430 square miles. 
 
 Walnut creek drainage area ii8 square miles. 
 
 Pope creek drainage area 30 square miles. 
 
 Henderson creek drainage area 62 square miles. 
 
 Cedar Fork drainage area 28 square miles. -/[/I 
 
 ; : ; .V THE ALTITUDES ' 
 
 The highest altitude on record in the county is that at Wataga, 835 feet above 
 the sea level; the lowest, 532 feet, that at the Chicago, Burlington and Quincy 
 bridge at London Mills. The river bed is some distance below the bridge, so 
 that the elevation of the river itself is less than the figure shown for the bridge. 
 Then the 835 feet is not the highest altitude. Wataga is about a mile south of 
 the watershed and on its southern slope. The elevation of the ridge is higher 
 than Wataga. Northwest of Oneida is Pilot Knob, a conspicuous landmark and 
 in the early day serving as a guide to travelers. From this the land slopes in 
 all directions and the altitude at its summit must be considerably greater than that 
 of Wataga. It is judging from the altitude of Oneida not far from 870 feet. 
 
 Thus there is between the highest point in the county and the lowest a dif- 
 
HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY - 25 
 
 ference of at least 350 feet. In going from Spoon river bridge near London Mills 
 to Pilot Knob, one would ascend about this distance. 
 
 Following is a list of the altitudes at important points in the county: 
 
 Wataga 835 
 
 Oneida 815 
 
 Galesburg 788, 756 
 
 Rio 782 
 
 Knoxville 778 
 
 Saluda 770 
 
 , .... Altona 760 
 
 ' ' H Abingdon 753 
 
 Williamsfield 711 
 
 Gilson 689 
 
 Belong 685 
 
 Rapatee 684 
 
 ^ Knox 678 
 
 Yates City 674 
 
 Hermon ...>;w;,..:Vv.,>,.>. Vs-^i:ii 653 
 
 . , Douglas 652 
 
 -V,,'' St. Augustine 647 
 
 . . Maquon 630 
 
 ^^^^j Appleton ^i-.:*'i^ .W.i,rf>-;^.; 604 
 
 ^ :--\ Dahinda 597 
 
 Maquon railroad Spoon river bridge 571 
 
 C. B. & Q. bridge at London Mills 532 
 
 Some altitudes of towns just outside the county throw some light on the gen- 
 eral trend of elevations: . 
 
 Woodhull .824 
 
 Galva 850 
 
 Kewanee 854 
 
 London Mills 543 
 
 It will be noticed that the higher altitudes belong to the towns on the water- 
 shed or near it, such as Oneida, Wataga and Galesburg, while as one goes toward 
 Spoon river or toward Walnut creek or Henderson or Pope creeks, the altitudes 
 fall. .;^;:^.. 
 
 This is illustrated by the altitudes from Galesburg to Spoon river via the Chi- 
 cago, Burlington and Quincy railroad as follows : 
 
 Galesburg 788 
 
 Knoxville ; ; i 778 
 
 Gilson 689 
 
 Maquon 630 
 
 Spoon river ,' 571 
 
 Douglas 652 
 
 Yates City 674 
 
 In these figures one can almost see the Spoon river valley. 
 
 Equally interesting is the showing from Galesburg along the line of the Santa 
 Fe: 
 
26 ; HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY 
 
 ^- ; , : Galesburg 788 
 
 : :.',' ( Knox 678 
 
 . : : Appleton 604 
 
 f ; Dahinda 597 
 
 .. , . , .- , Williamsfield 711 
 
 ." "; Pilot Knob is a point from which descents radiate; Victoria is another; Knoxville 
 ' ,. I :/ in a measure another, with streams flowing into Haw creek south of it and streams 
 ...',:. ''flowing into Court creek north of it. Abingdon and Yates City occupy high points 
 > -' - from which streams flow. . 
 
 ':'" ' ' ,j. . - 
 
 " :; IMMENSITY OF EROSION ' ^' ' 
 
 '.: ' / ' If, then, one takes his stand on Pilot Knob, he is in a position to comprehend 
 
 V the enormous amount of erosion accomplished by Spoon river and its branches 
 
 ; ; since the day when the accumulation of drift ceased, and also the work done in 
 
 . , ' '. this same way by Pope and Henderson creeks. This removed mass at the London 
 
 ., .; Mills bridge would have a thickness of more than three hundred feet. East and 
 
 { , . west of the Knob a large thickness has also been removed. When the floods 
 
 ; ' following the glacier disappeared it is likely that there were no such surface in- 
 
 ' .. equalities as now exist. Possibly the surface may have been something like that 
 
 .. ;.. of southern Texas, practically level, with sluggish streams. There is evidence 
 
 that since the glacial epoch ended there has been a slow elevation of the land, so 
 
 ;. that greater velocity was given to the streams, their number was multiplied and 
 
 . . their capacity for erosion was increased. The removal of an irregular layer over 
 
 ' ., three hundred feet in thickness at the south end, a hundred or more at the east 
 
 . ''; end and as much at the west, covering all but a few miles of the surface of the 
 
 . . county, and thinning as the watershed is approached, represents the work of the 
 
 .- tributaries of the county, since the period of elevation began, and accounts for 
 
 ' V the variety noticed in the topography of the county. 
 
 ;' . The significance of this discussion of erosion as a topographical factor lies in 
 
 ; this, that with all the numerous stream agencies and slopes, the soil is being 
 
 V ; slowly carried away toward the valleys and the seas. The period of soil deposi- 
 
 : : : tion seems in large measure to have ceased. If the present soil covering is re- 
 moved, there appears no present agency to renew it. There are already many 
 
 ^' ;. bare hills and slopes, the soil on which is scanty. The farther back the waters 
 
 j. ' eat their way, the less the upland. The present denudation of soil must be much 
 
 ; . ; greater than it was during the days when the ground was covered with dense 
 
 \ growths of prairie grass, and then the slough and creek bottoms were heavy with 
 
 ". : coarse sedges or other soil protecting plants. Now the plow of the farmer leaves 
 
 > j \ the earth friable, an easy mark for heavy rains. The bare field soft, unprotected, 
 
 '. is easily cut into by the small streams and the soil is quickly conveyed away. 
 
 ;; Single heavy rains often make deep ravines in such areas. Then with the soil 
 
 .:; ' ploughed, harrowed, pulverized, the winds sweep away clouds of it in dust, and 
 
 '^s. scatter it far and wide. These leveling agencies may through the removal of 
 
 , the soil render unproductive in the distant future the now fertile acres of this 
 
 ". , county. The Knox county soil map published by the State Geological department 
 
 . shows large areas adjacent to the streams stripped of the black soil, characteristic 
 
 V of the uplands. . - 
 
HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY ' 27 
 
 The topography of Lake Rice east of Galesburg, a beautiful sheet of water, 
 affords an illustration. It is surrounded by these deep ravines, especially along 
 its eastern shore, and some of these extend far up into the ploughed fields. North 
 of Knoxville one can follow a little stream and find that in the course of a mile 
 and a half it has dug a deep valley for itself, while extending down the sandstone 
 and clay shales to its valley are deep crevasses, affording an excellent opportunity 
 to study the formations. 
 
 ....:;;.' SOIL, THE GREATEST ASSET ' \' 
 
 The greatest asset of Knox county is its soil. Several varieties are mentioned, 
 according to the clay and sand and humus elements. Judging from the recent 
 census report, this surface is worth nearly forty-eight million dollars at the 
 present time, with promise of a larger valuation in the future, if properly con- 
 served. On the upland prairies is found the dark, fertile stratum with its under- 
 lying subsoil. It thins out on the hills, and there the covering is more clayey, 
 while in the bottom lands is the often thick deposit of alluvium. The upland sub- 
 soil is underlain by a deposit of drift, thirty to sixty feet in depth, and this drift 
 rests on the coal measure rocks. Immediately under the subsoil is a stratum of 
 yellow clay, eight to fifteen feet in thickness, and often containing beds of sand. 
 Frequently about eight feet below the surface is found a second soil from six 
 inches to a foot in depth and of a chocolate color. Below the yellow clay is the 
 blue clay, at the base of which there is usually a deposit of gravel and sand, while 
 scattered through the entire deposit are boulders, some of which are of large pro- 
 portions. 
 
 Thus a section of a boring through any of the prairie uplands would pass 
 through the following materials: 
 
 Soil two to three feet. - . '':^ '^; 
 
 Subsoil twelve to twenty-four inches. ' -Iv: '; 
 
 Yellow clay five feet. . ';.>! 
 
 Second soil eight to twelve inches, . . V^ 
 
 Yellow clay ^three to ten feet. . :. '. : ; 
 
 . ..-''''.'. .,'- '. 
 
 Blue clay twenty-five to forty feet. ' '^-:;' .' : 
 
 Coal measure rocks. . . -."v 
 
 .: ;^ THE WATER RESERVOIR '; ' -':: v 
 
 The yellow clays with their sand deposits are the great underlying water reser- 
 voir. The blue clay will not allow the passage of water through it; that is, it 
 is impervious. The rain passes through the porous soil and subsoil and is gradu- 
 ally diffused through the yellow clays where it is held, because it cannot sink 
 through the blue clay. It is thus kept within reach of the roots of vegetation. 
 Where streams cut through the yellow clays, as along the hill sides, there are 
 springs and seepage that maintain the streams. This retention of water in the 
 yellow clays is a magnificent provision, as all can readily see. .: ; 
 
28 HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY 
 
 A section would disclose something like this: 
 
 soil -' 
 
 subsoil 
 
 yellow clay water reservoir 
 
 f. 
 
 second soil 
 
 yellow clay water reservoir 
 
 blue clay Impervious f 
 
 sand and gravel j 
 
 coal measure rocks ' 
 
 Wells are usually sunk into the yellow clays and perhaps a short distance into 
 the blue clay, but the water flows into the well from the yellow clays, impregnated 
 with the lime, magnesia, iron and other minerals dissolved out on the way. 
 
 This interesting arrangement of the deposits is a vital factor in agriculture. 
 If in place of the blue clay there were sand or other porous material the water 
 would sink beyond the reach of plants, there might be no streams and a desert 
 like condition might result. If the blue day extended to the surface, as water 
 could not sink, the tendency would be to form swamps. As it is, the great under- 
 ground water supply so near to the surface and maintained there is a most bene- 
 ficent and magnificent treasure for maintaining the streams and for supplying 
 all life with needed moisture. 
 
 The drift contains at some points in the county beds of sand and also of gravel. 
 At one time gravel was extensively mined in the hills along the northwest shore of 
 Lake Rice east of Galesburg, and also in Maquon township. 
 
 The surface formations of the county thus include the soils, the water stratum 
 of yellow clays, the blue clay, the coal hieasure shales, sandstones, and limestones, 
 and the coal veins, six in number, all here and there exposed in the county. 
 
 DISTRIBUTION OF SOILS 
 
 The soil survey of the county shows that the surface formation approximately 
 consists of 468 square miles of black loam, which is the superior soil of the 
 county ; ten square miles of black clay soil, almost like gumbo in its tenacious 
 qualities;' 185 square miles of clay soil, and 55 miles of bottom land. In Ontario 
 township nearly all the surface formation is set down as black loam, and in this 
 respect it leads the county. Galesburg township also has a large preponderance 
 of this soil. On the other hand, such townships as Copley and Victoria have 
 much clay loam, not however, lacking in fertility, while Maquon township has 
 the largest area of bottom lands. 
 
 The largest areas of black clay loam are found northwest of Galesburg. 
 
HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY : 29 
 
 THE COAL RESOURCES .. 
 
 At one time there extended all over the county six veins of coal and their in- 
 termediate strata of limestone, sandstone, and clay shales. They are nearly hori- 
 zontal with a slight dip to the southeast, toward the center of the Illinois coal 
 field. The sixth and fifth veins are now found only in the north part of the 
 county and a small section in Salem and Elba townships. These two veins have 
 been mined in Walnut Grove, Sparta, Ontario, Victoria and Copley townships 
 north of Spoon river and in Elba and Salem townships south of the river. In the 
 vicinity of Spoon river valley they are not found simply because they have been 
 with all their strata eroded. 
 
 As one therefore goes down the incline toward Spoon river he gets below the 
 horizon of these two veins and is in that of No. 4, and as he goes still farther 
 he passes below the horizon of No. 4 and reaches the horizon of No. 3, which is 
 found in the banks of the river in places in Truro township, while still farther 
 south one passes into the horizon of No. 2. Thus the river and its tributaries 
 before the south limit of the county is reached have washed away the strata of 
 four veins. 
 
 There is a fine illustration of this along Brush creek south of Knoxville, the 
 sandstone hills making a very picturesque valley and the slate and coal appearing 
 at the base of the sandstone a few feet above the bank of the creek. 
 
 The same erosion of coal veins is noticed going west from Wataga down the 
 slopes of Henderson creek. Vein No. 6 has been mined just west of that village 
 and starting from this point one descends past successive veins until in one place 
 in Henderson township he is on the horizon of No. i. In walking west from 
 Oneida, the horizon of No. 6, mined there years ago, he comes to the horizon 
 of No. 3, in the vicinity of Pope creek. 
 
 That streams have cut, down through coal veins and their strata, leaving 
 them exposed on each side of the valley, explains why drift mines are so com- 
 monly met in the hills facing the bottom lands. As the veins are nearly horizon- 
 tal it is easy to trace them in the hillsides. That just above the bottom of Court 
 creek east of Knox station can be followed clear to Spoon river, and there it is 
 found just below the bed of the river. In Henderson township five miles north- 
 west of Galesburg a seam can be traced along the hillsides a short distance above 
 the bottom lands. 
 
 In Henderson township it is believed that all six of the veins of coal are either 
 exposed or mined. In section 26 the streams have cut deeply into the shales. 
 High in the bluflfs in the eastern part of the township are found fossils associated 
 with vein No. 6. In the shafts penetrating the creek bottom farther west three 
 veins were gone through. Still farther down the valley is a vein thought to be 
 the equivalent of No. i, the lowest of the series. 
 
 THE INTERMEDIATE ROCKS . : ; 
 
 Each coal vein is separated from the one below by a series of rocks, some- 
 times solid, sometimes shaly; the distance between the veins varying, and the 
 veins not always appearing to be continuous. From thirty to sixty feet of rock 
 usually separate one vein from that below it, although occasionally a vein is split 
 
80 ^ HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY 
 
 up into two or three seams. The rock is ordinarily sandstone or a clay shale, 
 that passes easily and naturally into sandstone. In the case of vein No. 3 found 
 along several streams running into Spoon river, there is a very interesting series 
 of formations extending twenty feet above the vein, comprising a friable black 
 shale, with lines of concretions, deposited in parallel lines, and often containing 
 shells and other marine animals. Above this black shale is a very valuable clay 
 shale deposit, from which are made the Galesburg paving brick. Bluffs of this 
 clay surround Lake Rice, and Glenwood Lake and extend along Court creek for 
 miles to Spoon river. Streams running from the north and south to Court creek 
 cut through this shale. It is thus the surface coal measure formation over a 
 number of square miles along Court creek. The same condition is noticeable 
 along Haw creek and its branches, although there the shale is more likely lo 
 pass into sandstone than farther north. Indeed even along Court creek and 
 its laterals there are stretches of sandstone, and often great concretions of sand- 
 stone and ironstone abound in the formation, even where the layers are consistent 
 enough for brick making. All along the drift lies on top of the formation and 
 must be stripped oflf. Then come forty to sixty feet of bluish white brick shale, 
 which when the sandstone is absent, is wonderfully fine grained. . 
 
 As one approaches its base, he finds the remains of coal measure vegetation 
 in the shape of fern leaves and the stems of coal measure plants ; then he passes 
 into the black shale with its layers of concretions often filled with sea shells ; then 
 he strikes the slate, which reflects a vast variety of ancient life, ranging from 
 large sharks and gigantic water fleas to the beautiful shells of the nautilus family; 
 then comes the coal seam, formerly mined along the creek. The region thus gives 
 the scientist as well as the manufacturer something worth considering. 
 
 In the hills south and north of this wonderful deposit is a coal vein presumed 
 to be No. 4. 
 
 '.':.'._ ' . - '' GEOLOGIC LIFE 
 
 All along Court creek to Spoon river is one traveling between bluffs of this 
 clay shale and sandstone. A few feet above the creek juts out a ferruginous 
 limestone rock that abounds in ancient snails and bivalves. As one nears Spoon 
 river, the bluffs along the creek are rounded and picturesque. From the sand- 
 stone concretions one may obtain fine specimens of fern fronds. Then as the 
 river is reached the slate is found at the base of the bluffs, with its relics of 
 ancient sea life, while in the waters of the river itself are the modern fish and 
 mollusks. 
 
 A section of a Spoon river bluff in Haw creek township affords the following, 
 illustrative of what has been said. .;, 
 
HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY 31 
 
 Imcr portion oontuiw fo 
 
 ana >tl or 00*1 nniro pint*. 
 
 lorioa or oonervtiana and claar nala 
 altamatiiv, tM Mncntiona con. 
 tatlOitc Bariiw nalli <ith ooc- 
 atoial nattili, ana ttm Ktim 
 iiondinc into tlaek 
 portion or ttua ii 
 itn nat aitalla. 
 eonerotiana ara iron 
 
 T3Sr 
 
 v .. . 
 
 Pate contalniim raini or '~ anoiant abarKa ana nanoa. 
 
 Coal, ana Balow it tuo firo clay ropraaantijn 
 tiw loii on ihioii tno TO(otttoB i 
 
 There is scarcely a rock in the county that does not speak of life and forces, 
 of the sea, of elevation, of depression and of elevation again. C--' V. ; 
 
 In Henderson township there are fine bluffs of shale that some day may be 
 utilized. The same is true of shales over No. 6 in Sparta township, although 
 there a strong tendency to concretionary structure is shown. All along Spoon 
 river one sees shale bluff structure. In Cedar township there are large accumula- 
 tions of shale. 
 
 The day may come when even the masses of ironstone formations found above 
 some of the veins may be utilized. In Victoria township the shale was once 
 used in the manufacture of tile, and in Cedar township for making brick. When 
 processes are better understood more of these may be serviceable, for such is the 
 topography of the county that there are frequent exposures. , :. : 
 
 '';-' THE COAL MINING INDUSTRY I . - ' 
 
 There is not much data regarding the history of mining in this county. Mines 
 are known to have been operated in Sparta township as early as 1850 and for 
 twenty years thereafter assumed an importance that they have not since attained. 
 Sparta township was for a long time a leader in production owing to its proxi- 
 mity to the Chicago, Burlington & Quincy main line. The earliest mine of 
 which there is specific record is that opened by E. F. Ranney in 1850 in section 
 23, Sparta township. H. H. May was operating a mine in the same township 
 as early as 1854. It is known that scores of mines have been opened in that 
 township, have been worked out and abandoned. Over a half century ago coal 
 was mined in the south part of Maquon township and has been since. One of 
 the oldest mines was on the David Masters' farm and was run by a man named 
 I-opeman. During the civil war coal was taken from the J. K. Lane farm in 
 the same township and from the F. M. Davis farm. The Cope farm also has 
 yielded considerable coal. 
 
 In Copley township there has been at times considerable mining and one in 
 traversing the streams of that township finds many evidences of former mining 
 
32 HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY 
 
 operations. Two of the oldest -mines are those operated on the James McGovern 
 and Charles Morgan farms, and we believe that they are still yielding coal of 
 an excellent quality. 
 
 One of the earliest shaft mines in the county was that operated near Oneida 
 by Messrs. Camp and Powell, and it was perhaps the only extensive mine ever run 
 in that township. 
 
 When the Illinois geological survey of the county was made, just prior to 
 1870, it listed a large number of mines. Nearly every township in the county 
 was represented. Much valuable information was given. It is to be doubted 
 if there are today in operation a half dozen mines that were then running, and of 
 which sections are given in the works of the survey. This indicates that there 
 are melancholy features connected with Knox county mining, and that more than 
 one man has failed to make money operating a mine. Some large mines have 
 flourished for a few years only to be closed because either of inability to cope 
 with the water or because of the imperfections of the veins and the abundance of 
 the clay intrusions. 
 
 For years in the early days there was much stripping of coal done in the 
 creek bottoms where the veins were very near the surface. All that had to be 
 done was to remove the thin superficial covering of soil or of slate and the coal 
 was within reach, and was then very easily removed. This method has been 
 abandoned with the exhaustion of this accessible supply. 
 
 While there is coal in nearly every township of the county, if not all, there 
 are but few extensive workings. For years a conspicuous sight in the seventies, 
 and perhaps before, was the large colliery just southwest of Wataga, near the 
 railroad track. Among those that operated from time to time large mines in the 
 county were R. M. Campbell, east of Wataga, the Essexes in Henderson town- 
 ship, the Cliffords in the western part of Walnut Grove township, Alex Baird in 
 Henderson township, the Eppersons in Rio township, and the Etherly Company, 
 whose plant was abandoned in recent years. The cheapness at which outside 
 coals can be placed at the larger centers of the county is the real occasion of the 
 decline in mining, notwithstanding the large coal acreage. 
 
 The last available statistics of mining in the county are those of 1910, pub- 
 lished by the State. These show 27 mines in the county producing that year 
 38,673 tons, and employing 122 miners and sixteen other hands. The largest 
 mines were those of the Pendergast Brothers at Soperville, Rodell & Mitchell of 
 Wataga, and Thomas H. Mellan of Soperville. The total for the county is but 
 a fraction of that produced a half century ago. 
 
 Of the six veins of coal. No. 6 has been most extensively mined, owing to 
 the thickness of the vein and the ease with which it can be removed. It is usually 
 four and a half feet in thickness and has a clay seam two inches in width that 
 serves as a parting between the upper and lower parts of the vein. No. 4 is not 
 so shaly, seems more dense and compact. No. 3 is not a thick vein, usually about 
 thirty inches to three feet. No. 2 is also a thin vein but of very excellent quality. 
 No. I if correctly enumerated, is a thick vein, four to seven feet. Some of the 
 veins of the county are difficult to place because of peculiar conditions surround- 
 ing them. 
 
' , '- '''-'*: ; ' if .' ' . ^* , I '- '.''- . *'**'. -^ '-- 't -,-- .' J, 
 
 '.'.-' .'"' ... ' -'-'', ' ' '.''"'' . - ' '. -' ''':.- ''^< *" ' ' ' , ' .-'-,'* '''' 
 
 -. .- - '. , ' - ; .' . '-, - . ' ''^ '.'.''- ' ' *- ' * ' ' '- '' ''. '-^ - .- ''- ^ 
 
 ','.'... :- j, - " ' ' . .*:-.- '.'I ''' . ' '. . '.'.i, ' V .-j .' - , . '''''-'. -. ,'- '''' ' '' ' '.' ' . 
 
 Map of Knox County, Illinois, showing streams, watersheds and drainage areas The fiffures with 
 each municipality give the altit.de. The numbers of coal veins are also indicated. The dotted lines along 
 
 streams indicate width of bottom. 
 
 :. -Tr'- '''^"'''^ "i--'''- 
 
HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY 88 
 
 THE STONE QUARRIES 
 
 In the early day there was considerable stone quarried in Knox County but 
 at the present time there is but very little, owing to the better quality of stone that 
 can be procured elsewhere. The early quarries were situated not far from 
 Knoxville. North of that city, along the bank of a small stream that runs into 
 Court creek can be seen the site of a quarry in a sandstone bluflf. This stone is 
 in large blocks and hardens on exposure. It was used in the construction of 
 some of the buildings in ICnoxville and elsewhere in the county. Farther north 
 in section sixteen in the same township is still another quarry relic. From this 
 were taken blocks of conglomerate, that were hard and very durable, composed 
 of limestone pebbles, cemented solidly together. This stone was used in the con- 
 struction of the foundation of the Old First Church of Galesburg. This indi- 
 cates that stone was quarried there as early as 1846. The Hope Cemetery wall, 
 Galesburg, is made of this same enduring material. Stone was also quarried in 
 the sandstone beds along Haw creek south of Knoxville. Over vein No. 6 of 
 coal there is often a heavy seam of limestone that has been used for foundation 
 and other purposes. In the north part of the county a bastard limestone was 
 formerly quarried. As a rule outside of the conglomerate the rock of the county 
 is likely to shale and split under the influence of the weather. 
 
 , --. ' r 
 
 A SECOND SOIL : 
 
 A few feet below the surface in some parts of the county is found a second 
 soil, or perhaps it might be better termed a first soil, as it antedates the present. 
 In passing, it might be remarked that each coal vein indicates that under it was a 
 soil on which flourished the dense vegetable growth that was subsequently, when 
 the land was again submerged, compressed into coal. This soil is usually termed 
 fireclay, and traversing it in' all directions are the roots of coal measure plants. 
 Thus there were six soils for coal making plants and subsequently six periods 
 when the land was under the surface of the sea, as the presence of so much 
 marine life in the rocks between the coal veins clearly shows. 
 
 The second soil is of course of recent formation. There lie above it four to 
 six feet of the yellow clay, and yellow clay below it. It denotes a period above 
 the level of the waters and conditions suited to vegetable growth. It is in associa- 
 tion with this soil that the remains of elephants and mastodons are found. The 
 parts most often discovered are the teeth, because their enamel resists best the 
 processes of decay. A number of fine specimens have been exhumed in this 
 county. In the Galesburg waterworks excavation in Cedar Fork valley, three 
 well preserved teeth and parts of the hip bone of an elephant were found. 
 Around thfem were fragments of cedars of considerable thickness. In the same 
 trench was found the long, handsome tusk of some member of tlie swine family. 
 In a brick yard pit near Oneida in the second soil were found numerous bones 
 of a mastodon, while in a marshy place near the same city was found a great 
 tusk. From a Spoon river bluff was taken a well preserved tooth of a mastodon, 
 and on a gravel bank in the river was discovered a mighty tusk. Recently near 
 Woodhull several gigantic teeth have been unearthed, and still more recently in 
 excavating at Galva immense molars of some species of elephant were found. 
 
 VoLI 
 
34 
 
 HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY 
 
 During the period when elephants, mastodon and great swine roamed over Knox 
 county, probably many other mammalian species lived. 
 
 This is mentioned simply to show the variations in the topography of the 
 county during the ages, and the life to which each variation gave subsistence. 
 The present configuration is the outcome of the slow elevation of the land, per- 
 mitting the deposition of the subsoil and the soil, and the incessant operations of 
 water, air, temf>eratures and life, since the deposition of the clays in the glacial 
 epoch. ^ ^ . : ' ': -" ': .';:'^ " 
 
 -'-:'''_ ;';' - , SPOON RIVER NOTES ,;-, ;.<:,''''"''''""' '""':' 
 
 From the topographical and scienic view, main interest centers around Spoon 
 river. It enters Truro township on the east side of the county and takes a ser- 
 pentine southwesterly course through Truro, Haw Creek, Maquon and Chestnut 
 townships. On the way it touches Persifer and Elba townships. Its northern 
 part is marked by narrow valleys and in a few places the river runs between 
 bluflfs. From where French creek enters to the junction with Haw creek, the 
 river runs through a broad and fertile bottom. This is one and a half miles 
 in width at the French creek juncture, broadens to two miles at the Pease creek 
 juncture, and from there to the mouth of Haw creek varies from three quarters 
 to one and a half miles in width. Standing on the shore opposite Haw creek 
 entrance, one can look along four miles of bottom land. 
 
 \\'here Court creek enters the river there is a bottom of a mile and a half 
 in width, but it is not long continued. 
 
 Eight square miles of bottom land are included in Spoon river valley between 
 the mouths of French and Willow creeks, and in places it seems to be from six 
 to ten feet in thickness. All this represents what the streams have in part 
 brought down from the hills and uplands. 
 
 The topography of Spoon river valley can be seen to good advantage from the 
 bridge southeast of Maquon. The valley broadens and the bottom is nearly 
 three quarters of a mile in width. The river flows in a channel cut in the allu- 
 vium and the banks show this deposit to be eight to ten feet in thickness. The 
 highlands are well back. The broad bottom extends north and south as far as 
 the eye can see. It seems to be all under cultivation and as the soil is so deep 
 and rich ought to bear magnificent crops. The view from the hills above down 
 the valley is a charming one. 
 
 THE HILL STRUCTURE 
 
 The hill structure of the county is well shown in a ride west from Maquon 
 past that curiosity. Horseshoe Lake or Bend, an isolated body of water in the 
 south part of Orange township, and having some fame as a fishing resort. On 
 the north side of this lake are high hills, between which and from springs comes 
 the water that feeds the lake. This natural reservoir occupies a part of the basin 
 between Pig and Haw creeks. To the south and southeast there is bottom land. 
 Judging from the natural features, this lake may occupy what was once the chanf 
 nel of Pig creek, or perhaps even Haw, and its ends for some reason having 
 become filled, the stream was forced to cut its way farther south. It is said that. 
 
HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY ' 35 
 
 during times of flood Haw creek backs into it, and this indicates that the level 
 of the two are not far from identical. At the time of the visit the reservoir 
 ranged from two to five rods in width, but it was said that its beauty had been 
 marred by the attempts to drain its waters. An early tradition is that the lake 
 was made by dams formed by the beavers. 
 
 Before one gets to this lake, there is a fine series of hills descending from 
 the higher level, and so facing the road that one can discern the rounded hollows 
 down which the water descends between each pair of hills. '. ; 
 
 All these facts indicate how well adapted this county is to be the home of 
 civilized man and what a variety of life it can support. Verily, it is one of the 
 choice garden spots of the earth. 
 
 INDIANS. " 
 
 BY EVA CHAPIN MAPLE, MAQUON, ILL. r-. A >'.";; 
 
 The knowledge of man does not extend back far enough, to tell us what 
 manner of people the very first inhabitants of Knox county were. When the 
 white men came, they found this country inhabited by the Red Men. But who 
 were here before the Indians? One historian says that "the entire valley of the 
 Illinois river from Starved Rock to the Mississippi was, unknown ages ago, the 
 home of a still different race from any yet enumerated. Time can scarcely be 
 reckoned in considering the ages in which human life has found existence along 
 the rivers of this state. Again and again has this land been trodden by different 
 races, cities have risen and fallen, and great people have vanished utterly, leav- 
 ing behind them no record of existence, except their voiceless graves." 
 
 
 
 ::.",.' .-^\:-^^-v ;-'"-;':'-. -.**... MOUND BUILDERS :^/':'c'v;-..A-v . . ;' ;-::^'-',-'V- V; 
 
 The earliest race of people, which left us any trace of their existence in our 
 land, we call the Mound Builders. Whether these strange builders of mounds 
 were the ancient ancestors of the Red Men whom Qjlumbus found in America, 
 or were an entirely different race of beings, scientists are not agreed. 
 
 Mounds of different sizes, shapes and kinds are to be found along the banks 
 of certain streams, notably the Illinois and some of its tributaries. Spoon river 
 is quite rich in these relics. There are three types of mounds existing : the ossu- 
 ary, the sacrificial and the altar. The first named type is the most common, being 
 found in many parts of the county. Whether all the burial mounds commonly 
 called "Indian graves" are graves of Indians or are part of Mound Builders' 
 ossuary mounds, is not known to the writer. 
 
 The only sacrificial mound which could be located, is situated on the N. E. 
 quarter of N. E. quarter. Section 12, Truro township. One writer, in speaking 
 of it, says "on a well prepared earthen altar, four men and one woman were 
 burned, so that the bones were charred, and the soil was impregnated to a con- 
 siderable depth with the oleaginous matter. In an excavation beneath this altar 
 were the skeletons of two men." 
 
HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY 
 
 The "altar" or "temple" mounds are the largest and perhaps most note- 
 worthy, their age is still an unsolved problem. 
 
 The Ataerican Indian knew nothing of their origin or use, and had no tra- 
 ditions concerning them. But in later years, the Indians sometimes used them 
 ;/ for burial purposes, by digging into one side of the mound and placing their 
 ' ': dead therein. 
 
 It is evident that the Mound Builders were sun worshipers, as their altar 
 . mounds invariably faced the east. 
 
 ; ,' ...... ALTAR OR TEMPLE MOUNDS )^ ; ^;v; 'i;-' '^ ' ^i ; 
 
 Before the ruthless hand of civilization had destroyed these land marks, many 
 
 : of these Mound Builder mounds or, as they are generally called, "Indian 
 
 . ; mounds," might have been seen along the banks of Spoon river. There is 
 
 one fine specimen of the altar mound in Maquon township. It is situated on the 
 
 . S. E. quarter of Section 4, just a short distance south of the town of Maquon. It 
 
 : is spoken of, locally, as "The Mound," or "The Indian Mound." This mound 
 
 .. rises from the bottom land, about sixty rods from the north bank of Spoon river. 
 
 . It is now covered with timber, but the oldest settlers tell us, that when the first 
 
 ':":- white people came, there was not a tree upon the mound. The mound is of natural 
 
 origin, largely composed of sand and gravel, but is covered many feet deep with 
 
 a clay unlike any found in that vicinity. Originally, its shape was clearly de- 
 
 .. fined, but the effect of the elements, and the tread of the feet of cattle for ages 
 
 have rendered it less distinct. The general outline is diamond shaped, with the 
 
 '. corners pointing toward the four points of the compass. At the eastern point 
 
 was a rude elevation forming an altar. The mound is 164 rods long and 60 
 
 rods at the widest part. The clay was evidently used to prevent the growth of 
 
 ; vegetation, and to preserve the outline of the mound. 
 
 ''-''''";-;''.'' V' "' '-' ... TRAjLS ^ ''.-/':'-, ---^ -''":': ,:'':i'''- 
 
 The plungfing buffalo, keen of instinct, and very practical, broke great roads 
 ; across the continent in search of food, water and salt. These "traces" or paths, 
 lead from timber groves, to timber groves, always seeking the shortest and best 
 : route descending and crossing the streams, usually at the bars formed at the 
 mouth of some smaller stream. These roads were swept clear of debris in 
 . summer and snow in winter. The wild Indian, having the same instinct as the 
 wild animal, followed the same trails and wore them smooth by frequent use. 
 The earliest white explorers were dependent on the buffalo and the Indian for 
 ways of getting about. And later came the first settlers to travel over these 
 same trails, in looking for a home. Many of these trails became public high- 
 ways continuing until this day, monuments of the past. Thus we may mention 
 : the great Galena trail from Peoria, passing through Knox county, where it 
 V forms in two branches and goes to Galena, one branch going by way of Rock 
 : Island. One of the earliest roads in Illinois was one of these trails from Dan- 
 ; ville, Illinois, near the famous Vermillion salt springs on the south-eastern 
 border of Illinois to Peoria. This became the "Danville and Fort Clark road," 
 over which came the earliest settlers to the military tract. This trail became a 
 
^,.";.\;^ 7 HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY . : : ' 87 
 
 well traveled road about 1815. This part of the state being settled earlier than 
 the more eastern parts, owing to the fact of the allotment by the government 
 of this territory, to the soldiers of the War of 1812, thus it will be seen that 
 the stream of earliest immigrants came from the eastern states, usually by the 
 Ohio river, disembarking and following these two trails mentioned, into and 
 through Knox county at a very early date. / ;; 
 
 It will be seen, by the accompanying map, that Indian trails extended over 
 the greater part of Knox county, several of these being important thorough- 
 fares. One in the northern part of the county, that takes an easterly course, 
 became the main road to Chicago. The one taking a diagonal course from 
 Indian Point township to Truro township, is probably the oldest known trail in 
 the county. It was used by the Indians and French as early as. 1673, it being 
 in a direct course from La Salle, on the Illinois, to the Mississippi river. It 
 was quite largely used by Indian trading parties, and formed a part of a direct 
 line of Savage communication between the Chicago portage and the Mississippi 
 river. During the French occupancy, it was used by the French missionary and 
 the fur trader. This path is believed, by many, to be the identical one used by 
 Father Marquette and Joliet on their return eastward on their voyage of dis- 
 covery. This old trail held its course through Hancock, Warren, Knox, Stark 
 and Bureau counties. 
 
 Several points within the state appear to have been the favorite meeting 
 places, not of one tribe alone, but of many tribes, and thus diverging trails led 
 thereto. Peoria, Rock Island and Chicago river were important places. Thus 
 Maquon became quite a center of Indian population, situated as it is at the 
 crossing of two main trails. 
 
 "History holds in her iron hand, no more picturesque story than these trails 
 could reveal, were their guarded secrets known. Here met the nations of the 
 Old World and the New- Indian and White, Spaniard, Frenchman, Briton and 
 American ; priest and nun, soldier and adventurer, settler and outlaw, fair pa- 
 trician women, and the outpouring from the Saltpetriere and other hospitals 
 of Paris." 
 
 - ;-::-,'J-;- ';';.' ;V '';./;;;. ,V/;..V- INDIAN TRIBES -^K:^ ';/'--_^^-^' ''' - V - ' ';'' -/'V; V^-'-' 
 
 When Father Marquette and his companions, with their two Indian guides 
 were floating down the "Father of Waters," they noticed an Indian trail. 
 Mooring their canoes, they followed the trail about six miles, where they came 
 to an Indian village. The inhabitants came out to meet him, and after smok- 
 ing the calumet, they addressed him thus: "We are the Illini. How beautiful 
 is the sun, oh Frenchman, when thou comest to see us. Our village awaits 
 thee. Thou shalt enter in peace all our dwellings." 
 
 .'^^-'.'!vx-v':''v-' :.--^/ ..''};;-.'.;: THE ILLINI '','.--'''':' -'^'-r .'':' . .';'"^^- '.. > 
 
 The first authentic history we have of the Indians of the Mississippi valley 
 reached us through preserved records of La Salle, the French fur trader and 
 explorer, who spent the winter of 1679-80, at what is now Peoria. We know 
 that he and his companions were within twenty miles of Knox county and it is 
 more than probable that they traversed her soil also. 
 
W - HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY 
 
 '. The Indian word "Illini," means in their language, "superior men." This 
 Illini, or Illinois confederacy was composed of five tribes : Michigamies, Caho- 
 kias, Kaskaskias, Peorias and Tamaoras. They were intensely warlike, being 
 almost constantly in conflict with other tribes. They were migratory and de- 
 pended largely upon the summer and winter hunts. In their wars with the 
 Sacs and Foxes, they suffered severely. About 1722 they were overpowered 
 by the Sacs and Foxes, with the aid of other tribes. .--.,. 
 
 SACS AND FOXES .- 
 
 
 
 From that time the Sacs and Foxes held, for many years, the supremacy of 
 the land between the Illinois and Mississippi rivers. But the Kickapoos and 
 the Pottawatomies contended with them, each holding certain portions. Upon 
 the arrival of the white people these different tribes were in the vicinity of 
 Knox county. 
 
 The Foxes called themselves Musk-wah-ha-kee, a name composed of two 
 words, meaning "those of red earth." The French called them On-ta-ga-mies, 
 that being their spelling of the name given them by other tribes, the meaning be- 
 ing "Foxes," and was bestowed upon them because their totem (or armorial 
 device, as it might be called), was a fox. 
 
 . The name of their allied brethren, the Sacs, is variously spelled, in Indian 
 dialects, Ou-sa-kies, sauks, etc. Black Hawk was of this tribe. Black Hawk's 
 Indian name was Ma-ka-bai-mis-he-kia-kiak, meaning black sparrow hawk. 
 Both Sacs and Foxes were of Canadian origin. They were a courageous peo- 
 ple: shrewd, politic and enterprising. 
 
 ^ A PECULIAR CUSTOM .;:v' ' 
 
 The Sacs and Foxes had a peculiar custom unnoticed in other Indian tribes. 
 Each male child, at birth, was marked with either black or white paint, the 
 mother being extremely careful to apply the colors alternately, so that each fam- 
 ily, and the entire nation, might be thus divided into two nearly equal clans, 
 the blacks and the whites, the object of these marks being to keep alive a con- 
 stant spirit of emulation in the tribe. In their games, hunts and public cere- 
 monies, the blacks always contended with the whites, while in war each party 
 was ambitious to take more scalps than the other. 
 
 . POTTAWATOMIES . 
 
 The Pottawatomies were among the most energetic and powerful of the 
 Indian tribes of the northwest. They came to Illinois from Wisconsin. For 
 a long period of years they were a power in the Illinois country, and were the 
 last tribe to leave its borders upon the encroachment of the whites. They were 
 the ones found in Knox county, by its first white settlers. The name Potta- 
 watomie, means "we are making a fire." 
 
 ' INDIAN LAW MAKING ' 
 
 Their general councils were composed of the chiefs and old men. When in 
 council, they usually sat in concentric circles around the speaker, and each in- 
 
- -'-^-'v HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY ' - I 39 
 
 ^^' ' "- ''-^v , I : ' ' .~::'.^-- 
 
 dividual, notwithstanding the fiery passions that ranked within, preserved an 
 exterior as immovable as if cast in bronze. Before commencing business, a 
 person appeared with the sacred pipe, and another with fire to kindle it. After 
 being lighted, it was first presented to heaven, secondly to earth, thirdly to the 
 presiding spirit, and lastly to the several councilors, each of whom took a whiff. 
 These formalities were observed with scrupulous exactness. { ../.;;..;? 
 
 \^; V^.; .-.':' ?;.'^' POTTAWATOMIE CHIEF SHAUBENA .^ ^ ^ ^ ''/v '; . '-^ ;* 
 
 Shaubena was a faithful friend of the white men, and often his life was en- 
 dangered because of it. After the death of the chiefs. Black Patridge and Sen- 
 achwine, no chief ever exerted so much infiuence over his nation as did Shau- 
 bena. He often prevented the tribe from going to war. The Sacs and Foxes 
 were always trying to kill him, and he was hunted down as a wild beast. They 
 killed his son, Pypeogee and his nephew, Pyps, to enrage him. Black Hawk, be- 
 ing aware of Shaubena's infiuence, twice visited him to enlist him in his cause, 
 but was unsuccessful. While Black Hawk was a prisoner at Jefferson barracks, 
 he said, "Had it not been for Shaubena, the whole Pottawatomie nation would 
 have joined his standard, and he could have continued the war for years." -v ;. 
 
 Many early settlers of Knox county owe their lives to Shaubena, as he was 
 ever on the alert to save the whites. He frequently visited the settlers in the 
 northern part of the county. It is said that at one time he visited the settlers 
 at Fraker's Grove, in Lynn township, warning them to leave, that they would 
 be killed if they didn't. David Cooper, John Essex, Thomas Essex, Sr., Thomas 
 Essex, Jr., with their families, fled to the fort near Pekin, Illinois. All but 
 the last named returned later, 
 
 Shaubena often went to the home of John Essex. He was always kind 
 to them, once bringing them a quarter of a deer that he had killed. .;;' .-v^. 
 
 iV .' ^:V:::^: CHARACTERISTICS OF THE EARLY INDIANS - ;' ; ;-'^ - 
 
 In an interview given Mr. Fred R. Jelliff, Major Thomas McKee, of Gales- 
 burg, said : "The Indians most frequently seen in this locality were Foxes, Sacs, 
 Kickapoos and Pottawatomies. They were alike in many particulars. The 
 Kickapoos and Foxes were often in the vicinity of Henderson Grove, which 
 was a favorite sugar camp. They were as kind a people as you ever saw. They 
 were considerate. For instance, if you were in a wigwam talking, the rest would 
 keep quiet and give you respectful attention. They did not interrupt you. They 
 made their children act with deference in the presence of strangers. They did 
 not hunt, perhaps as extensively as do some other tribes. They lived on com 
 and beans, on berries and other fruits gathered in the woods, while a favorite 
 dish was the wild potato, or penyon, as it was called. This they found in the 
 bottom lands. It was formerly quite abundant but of late I have not noticed it. 
 They speared and caught fish, not small game, and now and then secured a deer. 
 The squaws did the work, such as gathering the penyon and cultivating their 
 ample crops." Their life was one of simplicity, and if was not until they were 
 aroused by injustice and unkindness, that they became cruel and warlike. The 
 Pottawatomies retained their identity as a tribe better than the others. 
 
40 . HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY 
 
 < >; POTTAWATOMIE LANGUAGE : : ^^ 
 
 The language of these Illinois natives was simple, consisting of but a few 
 words made plain by the most significant of gestures. Their names were long 
 and full of vowels. The following are some of the words used by the Potta- 
 
 watomies: .. . 
 
 horse Nan-ka-toka-shaw cow ,...'......!!.;.'.... Nan-noose 
 
 dog Co-co-sh hog N,emoose 
 
 gun Pos-ka-soogan tomahawk Quimesockin 
 
 knife Co-mone water Bish 
 
 fire Sco-ti whisky Sco-ti-o-pe 
 
 drink Tela-ma-cool food Wau-a-net 
 
 mean Mean-net white men Che-mo-ko-man 
 
 the future Mon-a-to small Pe-tete 
 
 baby Pap-poose potato Pen-yon 
 
 nothing left Chocaco you are a liar Kiwa-lis-ki 
 
 pumpkin Wam-pa-cum beans Ko-kees 
 
 corn Ta-min melons Esh-kos-si-min 
 
 hominy Do-min-a-bo 
 
 '''/ r-/ ":'''': ' . ; ' . ' HOME LIFE ''''"--';,.': '"..^; ' 
 
 The Pottawatomie summer camps were near the fishing points, and the winter 
 camps in the timber where the birds and wild animals sought shelter from the 
 cold. ' 
 
 The Pottawatomie wigwam was from six to ten feet in diameter a circle 
 of poles meeting in center at top, and bound together with buckskin thongs. 
 This frame was wrapped on the outside to the top with mats made of bull- 
 rushes woven together, lattice style, with long fibers of rushes and grasses, or 
 sometimes it was covered with strips of bark. In winter, the wigwam was 
 banked with ashes around its base. Inside there was a hole about two feet deep 
 in the center of the wigwam for the fire, the smoke finding its way out the 
 best it could through a small opening at the top of the wigwam. The earth 
 floor of the wigwam was covered with the skins of wild animals, killed when 
 the fur was long and thick. In winter, the Indian men sat most of the time on 
 the rugs smoking and playing cards, while the squaws did the work. The men 
 killed the game and the squaws prepared the meat for future use by jerking it. 
 The squaws made the gardens usually on a rich piece of ground. They pre- 
 pared the ground by breaking it in a rude way, and planted pumpkins, beans, 
 potatoes and melons. The garden spot was fenced with Jack oak trees. The 
 small trees were .cut down and dragged to the garden spot. Forked sticks were 
 driven into the ground for the trees to rest upon. These were arranged so 
 closely as to make a fence that was impregnable to the wild hog or other small 
 wild animals. The ripened com was shelled and broken to pieces by pounding 
 it in a hollowed-out log with a wooden club. This corn was boiled with water 
 and a piece of pork, making the favorite hog and hominy. Pumpkins were cut 
 in strips and dried in the sun for winter use. The men were dressed in buck- 
 skin breech-clout moccasins and leggins, and a blanket fastened about the 
 
MAP SHOWING INDIAN TRAILS THROUGH THE COUNTY 
 
. /, HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY ; 41 
 
 waist with a skin belt. When ready to sleep, they curled down among the fur 
 rugs and pulled the blankets close about their heads. Every Pottawatomie In- 
 dian man carried, swinging to his belt, a skunk skin, with head, teeth, claws and 
 tail intact. In this skunk skin he carried his tobacco, and in an opening just 
 back of the fore legs, he tucked his pipe. Then he had a flat piece of stone or 
 mud that he used for painting his face. His meth9d was to paint this flat piece 
 with blood root (called by the early settlers Indian paint), in designs of lines 
 and crosses; and when he had the figure finished to his taste, he pressed it with 
 the paint still moist, to his face. The Pottawatomie women never smoked, and 
 never painted, except a line down the center of the head from forehead to back 
 of neck, where the hair was parted. 
 
 It is interesting to note the way the squaws cared for their babies. The 
 Pottawatomies never had large families, and regarded, with disgust, the many 
 children of the white people's houses. The Indian mother devoted her whole 
 time to the care of her pappoose. The baby was laid upon a flat piece of linn 
 bark, called by the Pottawatomies a chimote. The baby was fastened to the 
 chimote by wrapping with cloth from feet to chest. And at the chest, the ends 
 were tied in front and to them was tied a string of beads or something bright 
 
 :; for the baby to play with. The arms were left free, and another strip of cloth 
 was bound across the forehead and was tied to the back of the board. \\'hen 
 the mother traveled, she swung the baby on the chimote to her back, and when 
 she worked, she stood the chimote against a tree. The Pottawatomie babies 
 
 ; were often pretty and seldom cried. 4? %' 
 
 :''V' -Xv -V ; - ; .; LOCAL ITEMS OF HISTOWT ::>: 
 
 Knox county has been the home, for a longer and shorter period of time, 
 of many tribes of Indians. From past historians and from people now living, 
 it is learned that sixteen and possibly all of the twenty townships of the county 
 have been inhabited by them. The following local items have been gleaned 
 from accounts of the aborigines and of the relics found in various places : 
 
 ^ Rio Township ' ' ' ' 
 
 In 1832 John Cresswell settled on the S. W. Quarter of Section 27. During 
 that year, a fort was made on his land, it was named Fort A^ie in honor of 
 Mrs. Cresswell. In 1836 the fort was torn down by Joseph Hahn, who built a 
 barn of the logs and which he used for tramping out wheat with horses. Other 
 thrashing machines were unknown. Another fort was built, it is said, on Sec- 
 tion 33. These forts were built to protect the white settlers during the Black 
 Hawk war. 
 
 -?.-/;:v^;;: : ; V A Ontario Township :- ^: :;/:;:' 
 
 The only hill in the township of any size is Pilot Knob, having an eighty acre 
 grove upon it. In this vicinity many Indian arrows have been found. ..;;:...- 
 
 ' ..... Walnut Grove Township 
 
 During the year 1836-57, a band of Indians about thirty in number, camped 
 for a short time, just west of John Thompson's residence, and near the present 
 
:^ .,v.; :. . HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY ^A/V^; :';'>;' 
 
 Altona high school building. An old Indian and his squaw remained long after ! 
 the rest of the Indians had gone. This pair were considered good neighbors. ;.:>;; 
 
 Lynn Township ^ . : : 
 
 Mr. Michael Fraker, in 1828, while still living in Kentucky, purchased a 
 farm from the government in Lynn township. Upon his arrival, he found a 
 band of Indians located on his land on Section 23. There was quite a contro- 
 versy as to whom the land belonged, the Indians claiming they received their 
 title directly from their god. Mr. Fraker used considerable diplomacy. He, be- 
 ing a blacksmith, mended their guns, and did other favors for them. They in' 
 turn, helped him build his cabin. They could see no reason why he put in so 
 much chinking between the logs to make them tight. They finally decided to 
 move. They went seven miles east and built a village on Indian creek. They 
 always remained friendly to Mr. Fraker, coming back every spring to make 
 maple sugar, and to raise sugar corn and vegetables, leaving in the fall for their 
 hunting grounds. Near Frakers, there is a fine spring, trails leading in all di- 
 rections from this spring. ; . r . . ; .;;. -' ^v^; ; 
 
 Henderson Township 
 
 Indians had corn fields on Sections 23 and 26 and cultivated the soil for 
 years. In an early day, a well was dug on Section 30 near the creek. At a 
 depth of 60 feet, the workmen found what seemed to be an Indian camping 
 ground. Ashes, stumps and general rubbish fresh as if the fire had just gone 
 out ; a cedar log was also found. 
 
 The Indians lived in wigwams, helped the settlers make maple sugar and 
 were friendly till the war broke out. Anticipating an Indian outbreak, the 
 white settlers built two forts. One fort on Section 33, was named Lewis Fort. 
 A description of this fort is given elsewhere in this article. The other on Sec- 
 tion lo, was unnamed. This township furnished a company of "Minute Rang- 
 ers" in the Black Hawk war. 
 
 , , , :' Copley Township ; : : ;::: ;;i;' 
 
 At Foreman's Grove, on Foreman creek, near the northern limits of the 
 township, a small tribe of Indians were located when the first settlers arrived. 
 
 Knox Township '' ' - ' .1^ 
 
 On Section 32 are several Indian graves, and several trails pass through 
 the township. 
 
 ' Persifer Township -v ... I 
 
 One branch of the Gelena trail passes through the township from north to 
 south, crossing Court creek where Appleton bridge now stands. The north end. 
 of the bridge stands in the Indian ford. There was an Indian village on the 
 present site of Dahinda (lodge poles were still standing in 1830). On the 
 bluffs nearby are 25 or 30 mounds, supposed to be Indian graves. Many arrows, 
 stone axes and bullets have been found in the township. Sections 35 and 36 be- 
 
.V ;S ':;;':::;; ;J HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY : ; <;< .. 43 
 
 ing particularly rich in these relics. Indian ladders were found in the woods 
 by the early settlers. They were made by cutting a small tree having many 
 limbs, then cutting the limbs off so as to leave enough of a stump on each limb 
 to make a step. The last Indians seen were on Section 14, N. E. quarter. There 
 is every evidence that a fierce battle was once fought on the north and east 
 quarter of Section 14, about two. miles north and west of where Court creek 
 empties into Spoon river. Within an area of a few acres, large numbers of bul- 
 lets have been plowed up, and have been picked up by handfuls. They are of 
 the old-fashioned kind of bullets, such as were used in the smooth bore Queen 
 Anne muskets of two centuries ago. This would indicate revolutionary times, 
 or before. .;';,: -V..v';r;./--v.-'--;\ :/: ^.'-: .-''',':- 
 
 Maple sugar was made in this township annually. There were several tra- 
 ditions of hidden wealth buried by the Indians. A cellar was dug on the Taylor 
 farm in 1841, when at the depth of four feet, three bars of copper were found, 
 which had been hand forged out. In digging a well, at the depth of twenty-two 
 feet, remains of a camp-fire, charcoal and rubbish were found. '. .. : . 
 
 '' ( .'^\- ''. "^' ,''''.-'' -\ --. Truro Township '-''' v"^'-'":. ' ; ' . -.^'v^iy .:-'' 
 
 On the S. W. quarter of Section 31, on land owned by Charles Bradford, a 
 number of Indian graves were found, when the first white settlers came. The 
 corpses had been buried in the forks of the trees, ten to fifteen feet above the 
 ground. Logs had been split in halves and hollowed out, the forks of the trees 
 were cut away with their tomahawks sufficient to let them in, and the rude cof- 
 fins there rested with their skeleton contents until about 1836, when the whites 
 took them down and buried them in the earth. One sacrificial mound is located 
 on the e^st quarter of Section 12 of Truro township. 
 
 ,;'.."''.-''' ': '-.'".;,: :/' .' ' 'V Cedar Township ''^-/:'---:'. ;:;;. -V'. ' x'".;'-:-.-- -^' 
 
 Mrs. John Reed settled on Section 17, in 1836, on the very ground where the 
 Indians had camped, and used water from the same spring. 'V". ;^ 
 
 . ;--;^',:-' -^ :'-;'./" ',^' .^'' Orange Township . ' :-''-:--vV , ^ . ''':-''-:':'.' 
 ;,;> -v::- V- -..V.^-.. '/ -.Ki^.-'; A-.;--V'. ;:'. r' . -. ^-v :-':;/;--^-^ ^ 
 
 .- There were many Indians in the township when the whites came. In early 
 times there was a small grove on the N. E. quarter of Section i6. Orange town- 
 ship. This was a favorite camping place for the roving bands of Indians on 
 their way from Spoon river to the Mississippi. Numerous fine specimens of ar- 
 row points were found here on Mr. Myers Eiker's farm. 
 
 The last appearance of any considerable number of Indians in Orange town- 
 ship was in 1843, when several hundred Sacs and Foxes camped on the north- 
 west quarter of Section 5, while on their way to the reservation in Indian Ter- 
 ritory. A block house was built on the southwest quarter of Section 3. It was 
 called McCallister's fort. The land is now owned by Mrs. J. M. Nisley. One 
 man was killed by Indians near this fort. r -, . .--..'/. 
 
 
44 HISTORY 'OF KNOX COUNTY ^v-': 
 
 ' 5^"'- Haw Creek Township ^ ' ^ ^ 
 
 In this township was an arrow-maker's workshop. On Red Chalk hill, vast 
 numbers of arrows in all stages of completeness, and flint chips are found, 
 showing that here arrows were made. . ".:: 
 
 Indian Point Toivnship ' 
 
 There was but one grove of timber in the township, and that extended into 
 a point. Along the edge of this timber, which extended from Cedar Fork to 
 Section i6, many Indian remains were found. Remains of bark wigwams. Hint 
 arrows, axes, hatchets and domestic utensils were found. Hence the name of 
 the township. Indian creek empties into Cedar Fork, and that into Spoon river. 
 
 -:"'- Chestnut Township .v:v.'..v :.;.:' 1 \; 
 
 On Section 12, were many graves, on the bank of Haw creek near the iron 
 bridge. On land belonging to Carl Burnside, on the southwest quarter of Sec- 
 tion 15, Chestnut township, are four mounds about three feet high and forty- 
 five feet in circumference. Some interesting things were once found in them 
 when opened some ten years ago. On Section 33 are a group of three graves. 
 
 On Mr. Charles Burnside's farm. Chestnut township. Section 14, northeast 
 quarter, the hills and valleys back of his house were covered with arrows and 
 implements of war, many yet remaining. Across the road on land belonging to 
 Mr. William Swigart, Section ii, southeast quarter, there is a valley north of 
 the house where the ground was covered with arrows, as were the hills surround- 
 ing it. If we only knew what mighty tribes contended here. y|* ' 
 
 At the beginning of the Black Hawk war, all the Pottawatomie Indians dis- 
 apf>eared forever from this locality, none of the whites knowing when or where 
 they went. 
 
 '''^t Maquon Township - ;: ':;^ ^>::. -;.''- I 
 
 Along the banks of Spoon river the Red Men found their Paradise. Its wa- 
 ters were filled with fish and mussels, while wild fowls haunted its banks, and 
 deer and small game abounded in its woodland and prairie. It was called, in 
 the Algonquin tongue, the language used by the Pottawatomie Indians, A-ma- 
 quon-sip-pi, A-ma-quon meaning mussel, or mussel shell. The Indians used the 
 shell as we do spoons for dipping up food. The word sip-pi means river, thus 
 A-ma-quon-sip-pi meant Spoon river. Because of the Indians' manner of pro- 
 nouncing the first syllable of a word very short, it was difficult for the white 
 man's ear to catch the sound, and thus it was an easy step from A-ma-quon- 
 sip-pi to Maquon. In a government report, in 1813, Brigadier General Howard 
 speaks of several encampments on the "Maquonie" as the river was known at 
 that time. 
 
 Amaquon village was situated on the S. E. quarter of Section 4, Maquon 
 township. It was located near a hill, and near a fine spring of water ; there was 
 a garden and orchard on the hill north and a garden east of it. These gardens 
 were fenced with jack oak trees. The trees of this orchard furnished fruit for 
 Mr. Wm. Palmer, the first white man to build a house in Knox county. It was 
 built on the top of the hill just beside where the main trails crossed. 
 
, V A .^- : , ': ,': HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY ''- - : 45 
 
 Village No. 2 was situated about. a half mile distant to the north on the 
 northeast quarter of Section 4, on the spot where later Mr. Nelson Selby, the 
 first land owner in Maquon township, settled. The tent poles of this village 
 were still standing in 1850. Mr. Selby's daughter, Mrs. Mahala Benson, used 
 to play, when a child with the buckskin thongs with which the tent poles had 
 been tied. This village had its garden northeast of it, on a small flat of very 
 .{. rich soil one quarter of an acre in size. For many years, the kettle sticks re-: 
 mained in this garden. Where the Indians held their annual green corn feasts 
 and dances, south of the garden, were three Indian graves. Northeast of this 
 garden, at the foot of the hill, is the famous Selby spring, which the Indians 
 opened and used. In the year 1850, a white man brought an Indian troop to 
 give a show in Maquon. When they camped at the south edge of town, these 
 Indians went straight to the Selby spring for water, showing that they were 
 familiar with the place. 
 
 V Village No. 3 was on the southeast quarter. Section 2, Maquon township. 
 j It was in a valley on the north of the bluff on French creek. 
 
 Village No. 4 was located on the Mrs. Lodema McGirr farm on the north- 
 :' west quarter of Section 12, Maquon township. Tent poles, maple sugar troughs 
 .;' and wat^r boxes were there many years after white settlers came. 
 
 (Village No. 5 was on Mr. Menzo Morse's farm, northeast quarter of Sec- 
 'tion 35, Maquon township. It was on a depression surrounded by hills and near 
 a large spring. Indians spent the winter of 1829 here. Old settlers remember 
 that there were about lOO inhabitants in this village of which the larger num- 
 ber were men. '. ';';'/;; -; : 
 Several burial grounds were found in Maquon township. One of consider- 
 
 able size was on the bluff or mound at the mouth of French creek, a short dis- 
 tance southeast of Maquon, on the southeast quarter, Section 2. The builders 
 of the C. B. & Q. railroad cut through a large number of graves in the year 
 1856. On the southwest quarter of Section 5, during the childhood of the older 
 settlers, there were more than a dozen burial mounds from 35 to 40 feet in 
 circumference. 
 
 u, . : ^_- ,^-;. v.'/ . , ' :^ Salem Township 
 
 In the eastern part of Salem township on the farm of Mr. Avery Dalton, 
 Knox county's oldest inhabitant, was held annually, Pottawatqmie green corn 
 feasts and dances ; also, councils were held. .. : ,.,... 
 
 -'/'> ;. -.'^ '../:'.,. V'-:'- ' 'u...^'"-. v'- Lt;w Fort '.'-;>';'...'''-'' ^; ^ .: ^''.'' 
 
 Lewis Fort, in Henderson township, was built by Wm. Lewis and sixteen 
 others in the short time of four weeks. It was near the woods, was 210 feet 
 square, and was built of oak timbers, twelve feet each in length, set close to- 
 gether in the ground, forming a piece fence or palisade eight feet in height. 
 This was lined with chunks of sod two feet wide, four feet thick, and two feet 
 in length. Portholes were made every four feet. Block houses were erected 
 on two of the corners, at which each of the four sides of the fort could be 
 guarded. These houses were i6 x 20 feet, and projected slightly beyond the 
 fence to prevent the approach of incendiaries. A shed extended all the way 
 
^ HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY 
 
 around the inside. The only place of entry was a doorway, twelve feet wide, 
 closed with a heavy puncheon door. A sham cannon of basswood gave the fort 
 a deadly look. The other forts were of the same general plan. 
 
 ' '^'-'. ".' '-''" 
 
 ' X/^- . INDIANS OF THE REVOLUTION / U V : ' !: . \ 
 
 It is little known that this portion of Illinois took any part in the revolution- 
 ary war, but the American army marched through Knox county on their way 
 from Peoria to Rock Island. Colonel (afterwards General) George Rogers 
 Clark, received twenty volunteers from Kentucky, under Captain John Mont- 
 gomery, which was an important addition to his army. Captain Montgomery, 
 is described as one of the "Long Hunters of Kentucky, Irishman full of Fight." 
 In 1778 he was made lieutenant colonel and given the title "Commander in 
 chief of the X'irginia Troops in the County of Illinois." | 
 
 The condition of the American army may be judged from an extract of a 
 letter he wrote in September, 1779, to General Clark: "I would be glad if it 
 is in your power to send to me a Relefe to me for the soldiers, if it is only as 
 much as will make them a little Jump Jacote and a pair of overalls, I think 
 they might scuffle through." 
 
 On May 26, 1779, the British and Indians attacked the Americans at Caho- 
 kia, Illinois. The command was under a Mr. Hess, and was composed of 750 
 men. including servants and Indians. These were Menominies, Sioux and Sacs 
 and Foxes. General Clark and his men made so brave a resistance at Cahokia, 
 that the British retreated northward, one part going by the Mississippi river, 
 and the other going by the Illinois river. Colonel Montgomery was ordered to 
 follow the enemy up the Illinois river to the lake (Peoria), and then cross the 
 country and attack the Sacs and Foxes on Rock river near its mouth. This at- 
 tack during the fore part of June, I78o,"by the American army upon the Rock 
 river town of the Sacs and Foxes, is the only event in the Revolutionary war 
 that brought the American army so far north. And notice : Knox county is in 
 a direct line between Peoria and Rock Island, and that the well traveled Galena 
 trail passes from one to the other, therefore, the army must have marched 
 through Knox county. The Indian villages of Maquonia were on the well worn 
 trail from Peoria to Rock river (Indian village), hence it is no stretch of im- 
 agination to presume that they passed through the present village of Maquon. 
 Another evidence is this : there are, within the confines of Knox county, abundant 
 evidence that there were, at least, three heavy battles fought on her soil and 
 neither battlefield is ten miles away from Maquon. 
 
 This American army, under Colonel Montgomery, consisted of 350 men, 
 according to his letter written February 22, 1783, to the Honorable, the board 
 of commissioners for the settlement of western accounts. Among other things 
 he says, after speaking of General Clark's movements and commands: "After 
 giving me instructions he (General Gark) left Cohos (Cohokia) the fourth of 
 June with a small escort for the mouth of the Ohio river, on his route to Ken- 
 tucky. I immediately proceeded to the business I was ordered, and marched 
 three hundred and fifty men to the lake open on the Illinois river, and from 
 thence to the Rock river, destroying the towns and crops proposed." Colonel 
 Montgomery gives no detailed account of the march from Cahokia, or of the 
 
,^ /;,:/::;: HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY ;^^ 47 
 
 engagement at Rock river. It was probably only a minor matter to this "Fight- 
 ing Irishman." No mention is made how the Montgomery army returned, but 
 it is safe to presume that they went as they came, by land. .,-.,- .x- 
 
 .^'^ '.'''' -^--yy '.'.V-.'':'V..^. .;";'., INDIAN TREATIES ,V'.:M:''-V;- .' ' , .. .vKv-'r'; :'-^' 
 
 ; There were, at Iea:st, three Indian treaties that effected the Indians of Knox 
 county. Th first one being a treaty made at St. Lx)uis, on November 3, 1804, 
 between William Henry Harrison, governor of Indian Territory, and of the Dis- 
 trict of Louisiana, with the chief and the head men of the United Sacs and 
 Foxes, tribes of Indians. It is as follows : 
 
 For this land, the Indians were to have goods to the value of $2,234.50, and 
 an annuity of $i,ooo per year. By a treaty at Fort Madison, April, 1809, and 
 renewed during different years, they were allowed to remain on the lands until 
 they were surveyed. 'A\ ; ^;- '^^^ 
 
 ;::: It seems that the Ottawas, Chippewas and the Pottawatomies also claimed 
 rights in these lands. On August 24, i8i6, a treaty was entered into between 
 the United States and these Indians, under which the Indians relinquished all 
 claims on these lands, as follows : The head chiefs and warriors for themselves 
 and the tribes they represent, agree to relinquish, and hereby do relinquish, to 
 the United States, all their rights, claims and title to the land contained in the 
 before mentioned session of the Sacs and Foxes, which lies south of a due west 
 line, from the southern extremity of Lake Michigan to the Mississippi river. 
 And they, moreover, cede to the United States all the land contained in the fol- 
 lowing bounds, to-wit: Beginning at the left bank of the Fox river of Illinois, 
 ten miles above the mouth of said Fox river, thence running so as to cross Sandy 
 Creek, ten miles above its mouth ; thence in a direct line to a point ten miles 
 north of the west end of Portage, between Chicago Creek, which empties into 
 Lake Michigan. The general boundary line between the lands of the United 
 States and the said Indian tribes shall be as follows, to-wit : Beginning at a point 
 on the Missouri river opposite of the mouth of the Gasconade river, thence in 
 a direct course so as to strike the river Jefferson (in Iowa), at the distance of 
 thirty miles from its mouth, and down the said Jefferson to the Mississippi, 
 thence up the Mississippi to the mouth of the Onisconsing river, and up the 
 same which shall be thirty-six miles in a direct line to the point where the Fox 
 river (a branch of the Illinois) leaves the small lake Sakaegan, then down the 
 Fox river to the Illinois river and down the same to the Mississippi. The 
 treaty (Aug. 24, i8i6) was attended by twenty-eight chief Pottawatomies, Otta- 
 was, Sacs and Foxes, and Kickapoos. .: -.,,.. ,, V . ' 
 
 ''-'''-":.-'.:,:>: ;-X , - . ^ ;,;,'; ;';V. 
 
 ;.-;-'.;"-.'. -V';''';- ''' '^' ' /'f'^^^-/.-.. LANDS SI;RVEYED ''''' '\ "';'.' "^ ' : '' ' v .:'-:':-x 
 
 ^ ''-'."/;: ':.\^'\^:- :'-' :>- ^_:x '::.. 
 
 From i8i6 to 1823, the land between the Illinois and the Mississippi rivers 
 
 was surveyed, by congressional enactment. May 6, 1812, and subsequently the 
 military tract of Illinois was created consisting, as we know, of the land between 
 the Illinois and Mississippi rivers south of the north line of what is now Bureau 
 and Henry counties. 
 
 Black Hawk, chief of the Sacs and Foxes, who fought for the British in the 
 
48 , . HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY 
 
 War of 1812, declared these treaties were not binding, and that they would not 
 abide by them. Many whites moved upon the land of the Indian. In 1831, 
 Black Hawk and a band of warriors established themselves on the disputed ter- 
 ritory, ordering the whites to leave at once. '-''./ 
 
 ; . , *' - ' - ^, V ' 
 
 ' : '. . j- ; j- V ILLINOIS INDIANS IN THE WAR OF l8l2 . ^ > ; 
 
 Upon the declaration of war in June, 1812, the Pottawatomies and most other 
 tribes of Indians in the territory of Illinois, strongly sympathized with England. 
 Just prior to the War of 1812, Tecumseh, the great Indian chieftain, endeav- 
 ored to arouse the western Indians against the whites. For this purpose, he 
 visited Illinois and perhaps Knox county. Long years afterwards the Potta- 
 watomie chief, Shabbona ( who then lived in Bureau county) stated that Te- 
 cumseh came to him personally to get him and his tribe to join with him against 
 the whites. 
 
 It is not generally known that Illinois took any important part in the War 
 of 1812, but the record, though incomplete, shows that at least four regiments 
 and a number of rangers were enlisted and in active service, and had it not 
 been for the bravery and vigilance of these rangers, the other settlements of 
 Illinois would have met the sad fate of Fort Dearborn. 
 
 '','^-' i:";;-^j^' . MAQUONIA INDIANS ^ '."'-'/ i.; '' 
 
 In September, 1812, an expedition was fitted out at Camp Russell, near Ed- 
 wardsville, not far from St. Louis, to march to capture Peoria, as the white 
 settlers there were supposed to be in sympathy with the Indians, and was to take 
 the Indian tribes in that vicinity. During the expedition. Major Boone, was sent 
 with one hundred from Peoria in the direction of Rock river, to look out for 
 war parties of Indians. When he went back, he reported that he had penetrated 
 the country northwesterly and within forty-five miles of Rock river, he said 
 there were several encampments of Indians of the Maquonia, which seemed 
 to be deserted about the time the army arrived at Peoria. This is from records 
 of the adjutant general of Illinois, and to my mind is conclusive evidence that 
 the army marched to Spoon river, which was known by that name at that time, 
 and crossed it at Maquon, Knox county, Illinois. I can not otherwise account 
 for the name as there is not another town in America by that name. 
 
 Another expedition during the War of 1812 marched from Edwardsville to 
 Quincy, where was a large Sacs and Fox village, thence across what is now 
 Schuyler and Fulton counties, to the mouth of Spoon river, near where Havana 
 now is, and thence to Peoria and destroyed the Pottawatomie village of Chief 
 Gomo, near Chillicothe. Peoria was burned and the inhabitants carried away 
 in 1813. . 
 
 ;: '- " ' \ ':^ . BLACK HAWK WAR - ; 
 
 Black Hawk war seems to be a blot upon the fair name of Illinois because 
 of the greed of some of the white people who were determined to have the land. 
 
V^-':: .-^ V ; HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY / ' 49 
 
 .;iV-':.;-^. '-;: ^- - .'- 
 
 regardless of the Indian rights and claims. The following speech, by the famous 
 Black Hawk, explains the Indian's idea in the matter: ......, .. 
 
 ;'-: ^';'.; r.'-^ ,' BLACK HAWK TO GENERAL STREET ' , .' 
 
 "You have taken me prisoner with all my warriors. I am much grieved, 
 for I expected, if I did not defeat you, to hold out much longer, and give you 
 much trouble, before I surrendered. I tried hard to bring you into ambush, but 
 your last general understood Indian fighting. I determined to rush on you and 
 fight you face to face. I fought hard, but your guns were well aimed. The bul- 
 lets flew like birds through the air and whizzed by our ears like the wind through 
 the trees in winter. My warriors fell around me. It began to look dismal. 
 
 "I saw my evil day at hand. The sun rose dim upon us in the morning and at 
 night it sank in a dark cloud and looked like a ball of fire. That was the last sun 
 that shone on Black Hawk. His heart is dead and no longer beats quick in his 
 bosom. He is now a prisoner of the white men: they will do with him as they 
 wish, but he can stand torture, and is not afraid of death. He is no coward. 
 Black Hawk is an Indian. He has done nothing for which an Indian ought to 
 be ashamed. He has fought for his countrymen, against the white men who 
 came, year after year, to cheat them and take away their land. 
 
 "You know the cause of our making war. It is known to all white men. 
 They ought to be ashamed of it. The white men despise the Indians and drive 
 them from their homes. They smile in the face of the poor Indian, to cheat 
 him; they shake him by the hand, to gain his confidence, to make him drunk, 
 and to deceive him. We told them to let us alone and keep away from us, but 
 they followed on and beset our paths and they coiled themselves among us like 
 a snake. They poisoned us by their touch. We were not safe. We lived in 
 danger. We looked up to the Great Spirit. We went to our Father. We were 
 encouraged. His great council gave us fair words and big promises, but we got 
 no satisfaction; things were growing worse. There were no deer in the forests. 
 The oppossum and beaver were fled. The springs were drying up, and our 
 squaws and pappooses were without food to keep them from starving. 
 
 "We called a great council and built a large fire. The spirit of our fathers 
 arose, and spoke to us to avenge our wrongs or die. We set up the war-whoop, 
 and dug up the tomahawk ; our knives were ready, and the heart of Black Hawk 
 swelled high in his bosom, when he led his warriors to the battle. He is satis- 
 fied. He will go to the world of Spirits contended. He has done his duty. 
 His father will meet him there and commend him. 
 
 "Black Hawk is a true Indian, and he disdains to cry like a woman. He 
 feels for his wife, for his children, for his friends, but he does not care for him- 
 self. He cares for the nation and the Indian. They will suffer. He laments 
 their fate. Farewell, my nation. Black Hawk tried to save you and avenge 
 your wrongs. He drank the blood of some of the whites. He has been taken 
 prisoner, and his plans are crushed. He can do no more. He is near his end. 
 His sun is setting, and he will rise no more. Farewell to Black Hawk." 
 
 I wish to acknowledge my obligation for local history to Major Thomas 
 McKee's Reminiscences of old days in Illinois, Miss J. H. McKenney, Mrs. El- 
 sie D. Hartsook, Mr. J. W. Miles, Captain C. C. Craig, J. W. Adams, and others. 
 
 Vol. I- 
 
50 
 
 HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY 
 
 The following authorities have been consulted: -'-;'-;'>- 
 
 Chapman's History of Knox County. - -;.:.. ; 
 
 Bateman and Selby History of Knox County. .'- . _. 
 
 Momette's Mississippi Valley, Vol. II, p. loi. :i 
 
 Butterfield Conquest of 111., p. 270. ' ' ; '':'.' ^- / 
 
 Draper Mss., 49, 147. ; ' 
 
 Canadian Archives, Series B., Vol. 97, pt. 2, p. 349. . f 
 
 Treaty Nov. 3, 1804, U. S. Statutes at Large, Vol. 7, p. 84. . 
 
 Treaty Aug. 24, i8i6, U. S. Statutes at Large, Vol. 7, p. 146. . 
 
 Calendar Virginia State Papers, Vol. Ill, Page 441, as searched by Wm. A. 
 Meese, of Rock Island. - .. - ... . . ; 
 
 COURTS THEIR JURISDICTION AND SUITS OF PUBLIC IMPOR- 
 TANCE 
 
 , BY HON. GEORGE W. THOMPSON, JUDGE CIRCUIT AND APPELLATE COURTS. 
 
 The legal history of Knox county in detail would include a review of the 
 acts of the legislature from the admission of the state of Illinois into the Union, 
 the records of the courts which had jurisdiction over the territory now within the 
 county, a biography of the judges who have presided over the courts having such 
 jurisdiction and of the leading lawyers who have conducted litigation concerning 
 public matters in the county and a review of the more important cases tried 
 within the county. This history of the county, in the appropriate departments, 
 will contain biographical sketches of the lawyers who have practiced and are 
 now practicing before the bar and of the judges who have presided over the 
 courts of record in the county. It is intended in this sketch to review only topics 
 of general interest concerning legal matters within the county. The statutes of 
 the state required that the territory within the limits of the county should have 
 three hundred inhabitants before it could be organized as a county, and there 
 was included within the county when first organized the territory now within its 
 boundaries with the two townships that are now the west townships of Stark 
 county and which were detached from Knox county in 1839, when Stark county 
 was organized. 
 
 An order was entered in the circuit court at Lewistown in Fulton county, of 
 which Knox was then a part, on the 5th of July, 1830, that a term of the circuit 
 court be held in Knox county on the Friday before the first Monday in October, 
 1830. 
 
 When this county was organized the statutes of the state provided, that the 
 county commissioners court in each county should divide the county into districts, 
 in each of which two justices of the peace should be elected, except in the district 
 in which the county seat was situated and in that district three justices of the 
 peace should be elected. Justices of the peace had substantially the same juris- 
 diction in criminal and in civil matters that they have at the present time, with 
 the exception that in civil matters their jurisdiction was limited to the sum of 
 $ioo. The statute then in force is very similar to the present statute except that 
 justices have been given additional jurisdiction in a few other special matters; 
 
.;--; .;.>;.- HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY ^ :::- 51 
 
 there has been very little change in the practice in such courts. In 1874 their 
 jurisdiction was enlarged to controversies not exceeding $200, 
 
 The statutes in force in 1830 also provided that a court of record styled 
 "the court of probate" should be established and held at the several county seats, 
 and that the judges of probate should be appointed by the general assembly to 
 be paid a reasonable compensation to be allowed them out of the county treasury 
 by the county commissioners' court. They were required to hold terms on the 
 first Monday in every month and had jurisdiction over estates of deceased per- 
 sons. The only jurisdiction that the court of probate had when first established 
 was in the matter of estates of deceased persons, the appointment of guardians 
 and matters relating to apprentices. They had no jurisdiction in the allowance of 
 claims against estates if the claim exceeded $IOCXD or in proceedings to sell real 
 estate to pay debts. 
 
 In 1837 the legislature changed the name from probate judge to probate jus- 
 tice, and made the office elective by the voters for the term of four years. The 
 probate justice was also given the same jurisdiction in civil matters as justices 
 of the peace, and in cases of debt or assumpsit where an administrator or executor 
 was a party, they had civil jurisdiction to the extent of $1000. In 1845 the 
 style of ihe probate justice was changed by the legislature to "probate justice of 
 the peace;" the term of office was reduced to two years, but their jurisdiction 
 remained substantially the same as under the act of 1837. ; 
 
 The constitution of 1848 provided that a county court should be established 
 and that a county judge should be elected in each county. By the statute of 1849 
 county courts were given full jurisdiction in the settlement of estates, including 
 the power to sell real estates of decedents to pay debts, with the same jurisdiction 
 as justices of the peace in civil suits, where the amount involved did not exceed 
 $ioo. In 1872, under the constitution of 1870, the jurisdiction of county courts 
 in civil suits was enlarged, giving them jurisdiction in all matters over which 
 justices of the peace had jurisdiction, when the amount involved did not exceed 
 $500 with jurisdiction, concurrent with the circuit court, over appeals from jus- 
 tices of the peace, but appeals from the county court when sitting as a justice of 
 the peace, were to be taken to the circuit court. They were also given jurisdic- 
 tion over criminal cases, where the punishment was not imprisonment in the peni- 
 tentiary or death, and the circuit court was authorized to certify indictments in 
 such matters to the county court for trial. In 1877 the jurisdiction of the county 
 courts was extended in civil suits to $1000; law terms were established for that 
 court, and appeals in common law cases directed to be taken to the appellate 
 court and in proceedings for the sale of real estate to pay debts of decedents to 
 the supreme court. 
 
 There was also a court of record for the government of counties, established 
 when the state was organized, called "the county commissioners' court." It was 
 composed of three county commissioners elected in each county ; they had power 
 to appoint a clerk. The jurisdiction of this court was limited to matters concern- 
 ing the county revenue, the imposing of county taxes, granting licenses for ferries 
 and "taverns" and anything that brought in revenue to the county. It also had 
 jurisdiction in all cases of public roads, canals, turnpike roads and toll bridges. 
 While styled a court, it was simply the means of county government. This court 
 continued until 1849, when an act was passed authorizing counties to adopt town- 
 
52 HISTORY OF KNox COUNTY ' ^^'.-:f^:---::'^:'^--::\^: -.^^.^''^ 
 
 ship organization by a vote of the people. 'While it is styled a court, yet it had 
 no jurisdiction in civil matters, between third parties or in criminal matters, its 
 jurisdiction being limited to county business. 
 
 The circuit court in Illinois has always been a court having general jurisdic- 
 tion over all legal matters except in the probate of wills and the settlement of 
 estates. The first term of the circuit court was opened in Knox county in a '' 
 "temporary seat of justice" on the first day of October, 1830, at the home of 
 John B. Gum, which was a log cabin on section thirty-two in Henderson township. .^ ':'' 
 
 The first judicial order, made in the circuit court of Knox county on that :;" 
 day, directed the recording of an order made at Lewistown on June lO, 1830, that /; ! 
 an election be held at the house of John B. Gum for the election of three county ';. 
 commissioners, a sheriff and coroner, to be held on the 3rd of July, 1830. There 
 was a grand and petit jury in attendance. On the first day of court the grand 
 jury made a report concerning the condition of the jail and that there was no '' '; 
 business for their consideration. The court adjourned until the next day when - , 
 the court was adjourned for the term. The only business transacted by the court - - 
 at that term, other than directing the recording of the orders concerning the v 
 organization of the county, the approval of the bonds of John G. Sanborn, as 
 clerk of the court, of Stephen Osburn as sheriff, ordering such bonds recorded, ^ 
 the appointing of a temporary states attorney and the empanelling and discharging . .-'X 
 of grand and petit juries was to certify to the county commissioners court, that .'^ : 
 the sheriff had attended court two days. ' . 
 
 On January 15, 1831, the legislature passed an act providing, "that the seat ; 
 of justice for the county of Knox is hereby permanently established on the south- S." 
 west quarter of section twenty-eight in township eleven north, of range two east" . , 
 and authorizing the county commissioners of the county to purchase said quarter 'v ! 
 of land of the United States "and to lay off on the same a town which shall be . ..-. 
 called Henderson." (Laws of 1831, page 62.) On December 22nd, 1832, the >; ;/ 
 legislature enacted: "That the county seat of Knox, hitherto known by the name :-'; 
 of Henderson, shall from and after the passage of this act be known and desig- ; 
 nated by the name of Knoxville." Knoxville remained a town until 1853, when :' 
 it was incorporated as a city by an act of the legislature. - -': 
 
 In March, 1831, the county commissioners made a contract with William - ; 
 Lewis for the building of a court house in the town of Henderson to which the .';.. 
 legislature had transferred the seat of justice. A two story court house twenty- :^ 
 eight feet long by twenty feet wide built of hewed logs was completed in 1833, at - ; 
 a cost when furnished of less than $40x5, which served all the purposes of a court \y 
 house until 1840, when a two story brick court house was erected at a cost of '';. 
 $15,450 on the public square in Knoxville. That building still stands and is now - ;; 
 used by the city of Knoxville as an office building. In 1854 a two room fireproof 
 brick building was erected near the court house for the use of the clerks and for . ,V 
 the safe keeping of the records. :",; 
 
 In 1873 the county seat was changed from' Knoxville to Galesburg, where -l.t r 
 court was held in the opera house on the south side of the square until October ;- 
 term 1883. The records of the county were kept, and the clerk's offices were ; ; 
 located in a one story fireproof building on South Cherry street, which had been . ; 
 built by the city of Galesburg for the use of the county, where the city hall of 
 Galesburg now stands. That building was also used as a county court room. 
 
:;C; ;;-^:;;^; HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY :< -^ 68 
 
 In 1882 the county began the erection of a second story over the clerk's offices 
 which was reached by an outside stairway. The circuit court was held in the 
 second story of this building from October, 1883, until the present court house 
 was completed in 1886 at a cost, when furnished, of about $150,000. 
 
 In 1860 the question of the removal of the county seat from Knoxville to 
 Galesburg was raised. From that time the location of the county seat figured 
 much in the official affairs and in the politics of the county. Dennis Clark who 
 resided in Abingdon was elected county judge in November, 1865, and held that 
 office five successive terms and until the election in 1886. The fact that the city 
 of his residence was favorable to the change of the county seat to Galesburg was 
 long used as an argument why the citizens of Galesburg should vote for him for 
 county judge. In 1862 in a constitutional convention, propositions were offered, 
 contended for and resisted, the ultimate motive of which was the removal of the 
 county seat of Knox county from Knoxville to Galesburg. In 1865 an act was 
 passed by the legislature providing for a change from Knoxville to Galesburg if 
 the people of the county should by a vote of its citizens favor such removal.. In 
 March, 1869, an act was passed authorizing the supervisors to appoint commis- 
 sioners to contract with the city of Galesburg or persons offering gifts to the 
 county as an inducement for the removal of the county seat to Galesburg. An 
 election was held on the question of the removal of the county seat to Galesburg 
 on April 6, 1869. On the face of the returns the vote was against the removal. 
 That election was contested, and on a trial in the circuit court of McDonough 
 county, where the case was transferred, by a change of venue, it was held. Judge 
 Higby of Pike county presiding, that the majority of the vote on the location of 
 the county seat was in favor of Galesburg. The case was one of the most impor- 
 tant and closely contested civil cases that have arisen in this county. The ablest 
 lawyers that could be found in the state were employed in the case. The law firm 
 of Craig and Harvey, composed of Judge A. M. Craig, who at that time lived 
 midway between Galesburg and Knoxville, and later was elected to the supreme 
 bench of the state, and his brother-in-law, Curtis K. Harvey, a very promising 
 young lawyer, were the leading counsel for the city of Knoxville. They were 
 assisted by G. L. Hannaman and P. H. Sanford, who resided in Knoxville and 
 who afterwards from 1886 to 1898 presided as judge of the county court after 
 the removal of the county seat to Galesburg, but who lived and died in Knox- 
 ville, and by Eagan and Temple and H. M. Weed of Peoria, and Beckwith, Ayer 
 & Kales of Chicago. The case for the city of Galesburg was presented by Mc- 
 Kenzie and Williams, Frost & Tunnicliff and Kitchell and Arnold. E. P. Will- 
 iams of McKenzie and Williams is entitled to much credit for the great care 
 and freedom from error with which the case was presented in the circuit court, 
 and the ultimate success of Galesburg at the end of the case in the supreme 
 court. 
 
 At the time of the county seat contest all that was required in favor of a re- 
 moval was a majority of the votes cast. Prior to that contest there was no gen- 
 eral legislation in such matters, but special acts were passed by the general as- 
 sembly concerning different counties. The constitution of 1870 contains a pro- 
 vision that a vote to change a county seat shall not be taken oftener than once in 
 ten years, and that if the new location is further from the center of the county 
 than the old one, then a vote of three-fifths of the votes of the county in favor 
 
iN- ! - HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY ^ :^ ':- "^ 
 
 of the removal is required to move it, but if the new location is nearer the center 
 of the county, then a majority vote only shall be necessary. The contest in Knox 
 county was the cause of the foregoing provision. 
 
 On June ii, 1832, court was opened in the new log court house just finished 
 in Knoxville, then called Henderson. The grand jury empanelled at that term 
 reported that there were no violations of law, and the records show that there 
 was no business before the court either of a criminal or civil nature. The first 
 bill in chancery filed in this county was a bill for divorce, at that time called a 
 libel for divorce, filed to the October term, 1832, entitled Tanner vs. Tanner. 
 At that term, there being no general statute concerning notice of suit to non-resi- 
 dent defendants by publication, an order was made for the publication of notice 
 to the defendant in a public newspaper published in the state. The libellant, 
 Rhoda Tanner, upon a showing as to her poverty, not only procured an order that 
 she be permitted to prosecute her suit as a poor person without the payment of 
 any costs, but also secured an order directing and requiring James W. Whitney, 
 an attorney, to prosecute her suit without any compensation or fee. The only 
 other business at that term was the issuing of attachments against persons sum- 
 moned for jury service who have failed to appear. 
 
 At the June term 1833, in Knoxville the first entry on the records of the 
 county was made in a criminal case. That case came on a change of venue from 
 McDonough county. The only common law case upon the docket at that term, 
 in which any order was made, was an appeal from the judgment of a justice of 
 the peace, which had been obtained on a note dated in May, 1830, "payable in 
 young cattle." O. H. Browning, a lawyer from Quincy, a leader of the bar in the 
 state in his day, appeared as the attorney for the defendant. The defendant pro- 
 cured a continuance and the case was not disposed of until 1834, when, the de- 
 fendant being unable to obtain any further postponement, the appeal was dis- 
 missed and judgment for $21.15 rendered against the defendant. . 1 
 : . ; The second and third chancery suits, begun within the county, were also bills 
 for divorce. A decree was entered in April, 1834, granting a divorce to the 
 libellant, in the bill for divorce filed to the October term, 1832. The first indict- 
 ment returned by a grand jury, for an offence committed within the county, was 
 returned at the April term, 1834. At that term two indictments were returned, 
 one charging certain defendants with riot, and another charging the defendant 
 with selling intoxicating liquor without a license. The cases were tried before a 
 petit jury and the defendants were acquitted. 
 
 Under the constitution of i8i8 the judicial power of the state was vested in a 
 supreme court and such inferior courts as the general assembly might establish. 
 It provided that the justices of the supreme court and of the inferior courts 
 should be appointed by a joint ballot of both branches of the general assembly 
 and be commissioned by the governor and hold their offices during good be- 
 havior, until the end of the first session of the legislature after January i, 1824. 
 
 Richard M. Young, one of the judges of the supreme court who received a 
 salary of $1000 each, presided over the circuit court in Knox county from its 
 organization until the May term, 1837, when he was succeeded by James H. Rals- 
 ton. Stephen A. Douglas was one of the judges of the supreme court from 1841 
 to 1843 and presided over the circuit court of Knox county during that time. 
 In 1848 a new constitution was adopted by the state which declared that the 
 
>-^^te V:'^;-"^v ; ' HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY :':".:-- 56 
 
 judicial power of the state should be vested in a supreme court consisting of 
 three judges, in circuit courts, county courts and in justices of the peace, all of 
 whom should be elected by the people of fixed and definite terms. The consti- 
 tution of 1848 fixed the salaries of judges of the supreme court at $1200 per 
 annum and of the judges of the circuit court at $icxx> per annum. 
 
 The constitution of 1870 increased the number of judges of the supreme court 
 to seven and the salary of such judges to $4Co until otherwise provided by law. 
 It also made provision for the creation of inferior appellate courts by the general 
 assembly, which provision was acted on in 1877, and the appellate courts estab- 
 lished. It fixed the salaries of circuit judges at $3000 per annum until otherwise 
 provided by law. V-.':'^^ ". ^..,. 
 
 The appellate courts were formed by an act dividing the state into a certain 
 number of circuits, each circuit being composed of several counties, and electing 
 three circuit judges in each. The state was divided into four appellate districts. 
 The supreme court assigns three circuit judges to each district, who do appellate 
 duty as well as circuit court duty, however without any additional pecuniary com- 
 pensation, but are recompensed by the honor of the appointment. 
 
 In the constitutions of i8i8 and 1848 there was no restriction against special 
 legislation, and much of the time of the general assembly was occupied with legis- 
 lation, concerning matters of local interest only, in which the public at large was 
 not interested. The constitution of 1870 contains a provision against special 
 legislation concerning certain enumerated things, and provides generally that in 
 all cases where a general law can be made applicable no special law shall be 
 enacted. Section 42 of an act passed by the legislature and approved March 2, 
 1839, provides : "That Turner Roundtree, Thomas Gilbert and z\grippa L. Mar- 
 tin, of the county of Knox, be and they are hereby appointed commissioners to 
 review, survey and relocate that part of the state road leading from Knoxville 
 in Knox county to New Boston, in Mercer county, which lies in the said county 
 of Knox, so that said road, as relocated, may run through the town of Gales- 
 burg in said county of Knox, and strike the present state road at some point 
 between Galesburg and Alfred Brown's." In 1841 an act was passed requiring 
 an election to be held in Cherry Grove precinct, in Knox county, for the election 
 of an additional justice of the peace and constable who shall reside within the 
 limits of the town of Abingdon. 
 
 Some of the special charters created by acts passed under the old constitutions 
 of the state are cherished as very valuable, while the rights secured by others have 
 been abandoned. The Farmers and Mechanics Bank of Galesburg is incorpo- 
 rated and exercises its corporate rights as a bank under a special charter obtained 
 from the legislature. The cities of Galesburg, Abingdon, and Oneida, each, were 
 incorporated under special charters. The original charters obtained from the leg- 
 islature by these cities continued many specially valuable provisions, amongst 
 others may be mentioned the prohibition against licensing the sale of intoxicating 
 liquors as a beverage. Abingdon and Oneida still cling to their original charters, 
 with the result that no intoxicating liquor has ever been legally sold as a beverage 
 within their boundaries. In 1876 the city of Galesburg, by a vote of its inhabit- 
 ants, became incorporated under the general incorporation act concerning the 
 incorporation of cities and villages passed in 1872, and relinquished its charter 
 prohibition against the sale of intoxicating liquor. The public school system of 
 
56 ' HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY 
 
 :^|:-- 
 Galesburg is still acting under the provisions of a special school charter adopted 
 
 in 1859. 
 
 The public school system of the city of Galesburg, while existing under a 
 special act, is controlled by the general school law in the conduct of some of its 
 business and in some matters by its special charter. In 1882 there appeared in the 
 public newspapers of the city articles written by a prominent lawyer contending 
 that the board of education of the city was not controlled by the general school 
 law, and that it was unnecessary for the teachers employed in the city schools to 
 go to the expense and trouble of procuring certificates of their fitness to teach 
 from the county superintendent of schools. The result of the newspaper articles 
 was that a citizen of the same political persuasion as the author of the articles 
 employed a lawyer who occupied offices near those of the author of the articles 
 to bring a suit to enjoin the payment of the salary of a teacher of penmanship, 
 who, teaching a special subject only, did not have a certificate from the county 
 superintendent licensing to teach. The writer of the newspaper articles was 
 employed to defend the school board against the injunction suit and show that 
 his published articles laid down correct legal principles. The circuit court held 
 that no teacher in the public schools was entitled to be paid out of the school 
 fund, unless he held a proper certificate from the county superintendent of 
 schools. The case was appealed to the supreme court, where it was expected, 
 that as the briefs for the citizens who brought the suit, only perfunctorily stated 
 his contention and the defendant's brief was an able one, that the case would be 
 reversed and the school board exempted- from the provisions of the general 
 school law. Another leading lawyer of the city, James A. McKenzie, who was 
 regarded as one of the best common law pleaders that ever practiced in the county, 
 and who had a state wide reputation, quietly filed a brief as a friend of the court 
 and for the public good, and the decree of the trial court was affirmed in an 
 opinion published in 112 111. Supreme Court Reports at page ii, much to the dis- 
 comfiture of the lawyer, who had instigated the suit by his published letters and 
 who apparently had his choice of sides in the case. 
 
 A comparison of the judicial records of the first few years of the county with 
 those of later years demonstrates that the inhabitants of the county were neither 
 different in their characteristics nor distinctly better or worse than its citizens of 
 the present time. The first action usually taken by a defendant in court was to 
 move for a continuance. The proportion of divorces compared with other chan- 
 cery suits was then apparently as great as at present, and the court compelled 
 attorneys to prosecute suits for divorce in behalf of poor persons without re- 
 ward, a proceeding unknown at the present time in civil suits between parties. 
 Now there is an outcry for the defense against such sirits by the public, instead 
 of assistance to complainants therein. Selling intoxicating liquor, without a 
 license, was in the early years of the county a frequent offense, and there was 
 the same difficulty in procuring convictions that now exists. A large proportion 
 of the judicial records of the circuit court, in its earlier years, is made up of or- 
 ders for attachments for contempt against parties summoned for jury service, 
 who had failed to appear. The parties on the hearing of the attachments were 
 usually discharged, occasionally, however, being taxed with the costs of the at- 
 tachment. Serving on juries, especially on grand juries was a service rendered 
 at that time apparently more unwillingly than at present, for which there was 
 
THE CITY HALL 
 
 Located on South Cherry Street, between Simmons and Tompkins Streets. Erected 1905-6. Value, 
 
 $45,000. 
 
S6 HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY . 
 
 Galesburg is still acting under the provisions of a special school charter adopted 
 in 1859. 
 
 The public school system of the city of Galesburg, while existing under a 
 special act, is controlled by the general school law in the conduct of some of its 
 business and in some matters by its special charter. In 1882 there appeared in the 
 public newspapers of the city articles written by a prominent lawyer contending 
 that the board of education of the city was not controlled by the general school 
 law, and that it was unnecessary for the teachers employed in the city schools to 
 go to the expense and trouble of procuring certificates of their fitness to teach 
 from the county superintendent of schools. The result of the newspaper articles 
 was that a citizen of the same political persuasion as the author of the articles 
 employed a lawyer who occupied offices near those of the author of the articles 
 to bring a suit to enjoin the payment of the salary of a teacher of penmanship, 
 who, teaching a special subject only, did not have a certificate from the county 
 superintendent licensing to teach. The writer of the newspaper articles was 
 employed to defend the school board against the injunction suit and show that 
 his published articles laid down correct legal principles. The circuit court held 
 that no teacher in the public schools was entitled to be paid out of the school 
 fund, unless he held a proper certificate from the county superintendent of 
 schools. The case was appealed to the supreme court, where it was expected, 
 that as the briefs for the citizens who brought the suit, only perfunctorily stated 
 his contention and the defendant's brief was an able one, that the case would be 
 reversed and the school board exempted from the provisions of the general 
 school law. Another leading lawyer of the city, James A. McKenzie, who was 
 regarded as one of the best common law pleaders that ever practiced in the county, 
 and who had a state wide reputation, quietly filed a brief as a friend of the court 
 and for the public good, and the decree of the trial court was affirmed in an 
 opinion published in 112 111. Supreme Court Reports at page ii, much to the dis- 
 comfiture of the lawyer, who had instigated the suit by his published letters and 
 who apparently had his choice of sides in the case. 
 
 A comparison of the judicial records of the first few years of the county with 
 those of later years demonstrates that the inhabitants of the county were neither 
 different in their characteristics nor distinctly better or worse than its citizens of 
 the present time. The first action usually taken by a defendant in court was to 
 move for a continuance. The proportion of divorces compared with other chan- 
 cery suits was then apparently as great as at present, and the court compelled 
 attorneys to prosecute suits for divorce in behalf of poor persons without re- 
 ward, a proceeding unknown at the present time in civil suits between parties. 
 Now there is an outcry for the defense against such suits by the public, instead 
 of assistance to complainants therein. Selling intoxicating liquor, without a 
 license, was in the early years of the county a frequent oflfense, and there was 
 the same difficulty in procuring convictions that now exists. A large proportion 
 of the judicial records of the circuit court, in its earlier years, is made up of or- 
 ders for attachments for contempt against parties summoned for jury service, 
 who had failed to appear. The parties on the hearing of the attachments were 
 usually discharged, occasionally, however, being taxed with the costs of the at- 
 tachment. Serving on juries, especially on grand juries was a service rendered 
 at that time apparently more unwillingly than at present, for which there was 
 
 :'/.T- . . ^ . \ -^ 
 
THE CITY HALL - 
 
 Located on South Cherry Street, between Simmons and Tompkins Streets. Erected 1905-C. \'aluc, 
 $45,110(1. 
 
,'* 
 
HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY : 57 
 
 then more reason than now, in addition to the lack of transportation facilities, as 
 grand jurors in the earlier years of the county received no mileage or compensa- 
 tion of any kind, and petit jurors received 25c a day for each civil case in which 
 they served, and no compensation whatever in criminal cases. 
 
 The territory within the state of Illinois was originally with other territory 
 northwest of the Ohio river, within the state of Virginia and was in 1778 organ- 
 ized into the county of Illinois. In 1783 it was ceded to the United States by 
 the state of Virginia, and by the ordinance of the i3th day of July, 1787, was 
 erected into a territorial government. That ordinance contains certain articles 
 of compact, between the original states and the people in that territory, which 
 articles it is declared shall forever remain unalterable unless by common con- 
 sent. The ordinance provides, among other things, that the inhabitants of said 
 territory shall always be entitled to the benefits of judicial proceedings according 
 to the course of common law. There is still in the statutes of Illinois an act 
 which provides, "That the common law of England so far as the same is ap- 
 plicable and of a general nature, and all statutes or acts of the British parliament 
 made in aid of, and to supply the defects of the common law, prior to the fourth 
 year of, James the First, excepting the second section of the sixth chapter of 
 43d Elizabeth, the eighth chapter of the I3th Elizabeth, and the ninth chapter 
 of 37th Henry Eighth and which are of a general nature and not local to that 
 kingdom shall be the rule of decisions and shall be considered as of full force 
 until repealed by legislative authority." The legislature fixed the law as it was 
 in England in 1607, the fourth year of James the First, as the period at which 
 the law of England should be made applicable to this country instead of the year 
 of the Declaration of Independence, for the reason that was the time of the in- 
 stitution of the first territorial government in America. The adoption of the 
 common law, as it was in 1607, has been construed as only applicable in cases 
 where that law is applicable to the habits and conditions of our society and in 
 harmony with the genius, spirit and objects of American institutions. By the 
 common law is meant those maxims, principles and forms of procedure that have 
 no written law to warrant them, but are founded on the laws of nature and the 
 dictates of reason and have by usage and custom become interwoven with the 
 written laws. This law is found in the records of the courts, and writings of 
 men skilled in the profession, whose statements of the law are deductions and 
 conclusions gathered from the decisions of the courts. 
 
 The practice and procedure in the trial courts, in our times, are but little dif- 
 . ferent from the practice at the time the county was organized or as it was in 
 1607. The pleadings, in courts were then written by the attorneys, now they are 
 usually dictated to stenographers, are typewritten and are more verbose. By the 
 change in office methods, the conciseness and precision that governed in earlier 
 times has been lost. The procedure in the courts both in civil and criminal 
 matters has not advanced and has not kept pace with the improvements in other 
 sciences, but clings to the rule of precedent. Several attempts have been made 
 by the judiciary and the leading lawyers of the state to simplify and expedite 
 the methods of court procedure, but the recommendations of practice commissions, 
 the last of which was made in 1907, have been practically ignored by the legisla- 
 ture. While the statutes of the state make a large volume, that part of them 
 applicable to practice in courts of record is contained within less than forty 
 
58 r HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY V "^ ; .v .'Iw ;^;''. 
 
 pages of the present statute. The most important statute modifying the old -; ; 
 common law practice is the statute of amendments, which permits any process '.'.'- 
 or pleading in a civil suit to be amended by leave of the court for the furtherance ; .. 
 of justice at any time even after judgment. ;- 
 
 Knox county is in the military tract of Illinois: the land in it was set apart .- 
 by the federal government for the soldiers of the War of 1812 to be located upon ' '^ 
 by them. The warrants issued to the soldiers were in great part bought up by ..: 
 speculators, who located the warrants on land the title to which was in the gov- *;- 
 ernment. Many of the soldiers who themselves located their warrants and re- :;' 
 ceived the patents for their land, either sold the land, or the land being so far .;; - 
 from the settled parts of the country, it was regarded by the owners of so little ; \ 
 value that they paid no attention to their property and permitted it to be sold ' 
 for taxes. The result was that after a patent had been issued to a soldier and " ' 
 the land remained vacant and unoccupied, or it was occupied by squatters with- J 
 out any claim of title, speculators would secure some kind of a title, either a tax ' 
 title or a deed, either from the soldier, or some one of the same name. It did ' 
 not seem to be important, whether the maker of the deed was the soldier or a V. ' 
 descendant, if he could make a deed in the name of the patentee. Titles to land 
 were very uncertain. Many fraudulent titles were recorded, and frequently there 
 were several titles of record to the same tract of land. The result was, that in ' '.. 
 1839 statutes were enacted by the legislature for the purpose of quieting titles. 
 One of these statutes provided that whenever any person, having claim and color ; '' 
 of title made in good faith to vacant and unoccupied land, shall pay all taxes :.. 
 legally assessed thereon for seven successive years, he shall be adjudged the legal ; ; 
 owner of such vacant land, according to the purport of his paper title. Another . > 
 section provided that every person in the actual possession of land under claim . 
 and color of title, made in good faith, and who shall for seven successive years 
 continue in possession and shall during said time pay all taxes legally assessed ;. 
 against such land, shall be adjudged the owner to the extent and purport of his ' 
 paper title. The purpose of the passage of these statutes was to perfect and give . , ' 
 good title to land, which parties had in good faith bought from others, who had :'. 
 no title or only a fraudulent title, and to put an end to the very general litigation . - 
 concerning land titles. The courts held that while these statutes purported to be ,. .' 
 statutes making title, yet they could only be used as a shield to defend the title ...:' 
 of the party in possession and could not be used as a sword to destroy the title of ; 
 others. The case of Hale vs. Gladfelter, which was tried in the circuit court of V i 
 Knox county before Hon. A. A. Smith of Galesburg, judge presiding, and taken 
 by appeal to the supreme court involved the title to a quarter section of land in 
 Victoria township in this county, secured a construction of the statutes referred V. . 
 to. It was one of the most important civil cases tried in this county and had 
 very able lawyers opposed to each other ; Leander Douglas represented T. J. Hale, 
 who was ultimately successful, and Frost and Tunnicliff, P. H. Sanford and ;;. 
 Martin Shallenberger of Toulon, represented Levi Gladfelter. > . 
 
 In 1882 Edgar A. Bancroft, then starting in the practice of law, began in - ; 
 Knox county a case of great public importance entitled Jones vs. the Chicago & '': 
 Burlington Railroad Co., to recover penalties for overcharges on shipment .'. - 
 of stocks. F. A. Willoughby and F. S. Murphy were subsequently associated ' '. 
 with Bancroft for the plaintiff and O. F. Price and Williams and Lawrence of :';;^ 
 
''':,;: HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY .; - 59 
 
 Galesburg, with Chicago attorneys represented the railroad company. In this 
 cause was tested the validity of an act of the legislature passed in 1873, entitled 
 an act to prevent extortion and unjust discrimination in the rates charged for 
 the transportation of passengers and freight. The act authorized the railroad 
 and warehouse commissioners to make schedules of reasonable and maximum 
 rates for the transportation of passengers and freight, and gave to persons who 
 were injured by any violation of the act, a right of recovery for three times the 
 amount of the damages sustained and attorneys fees. The case was tried in the 
 circuit court of Knox county. Judge Glenn of -Monmouth presiding, and a judg- 
 ment rendered in favor of the plaintiff for $2,868.60 and $1,200 attorneys fees. 
 The case was not finally disposed of in the supreme court of Illinois until 1894 
 because of transfers back and forth between the state and federal courts, when 
 the judgment was affirmed in an opinion by the supreme court of this state es- 
 tablishing the validity of the statute and the control of the state over common 
 carriers. 
 
 A history of the trial of judicial matters in Knox county would be incom- 
 plete without reference to two judges of the supreme court of the state and a 
 circuit judge who resided in Knox county during their terms of offices. In 1864 
 Charles 'B. Lawrence, then a judge of the circuit court of Knox county, was 
 elected to the supreme bench. His record as a nisi prius judge has not been ex- 
 celled in the state for wisdom and accuracy. His opinions in the supreme court 
 are contained in volumes 36 to 67 and are very concise models of legal literature 
 and learning. They leave no doubt as to the law therein laid down. 
 
 In 1873 he was succeeded by Alfred M. Craig, who held a seat on that bench 
 until 1900. His opinions are found in volumes 67 to i86 inclusive and are noted 
 for their clearness and hard common sense. He displayed g^eat legal acumen 
 in adapting judicial principles to new and changing conditions, without being 
 chargeable with judicial legislation. In a case involving the question of the right 
 of school directors to provide separate schools for colored children, in which the 
 supreme court judges were divided in opinion. Judge Craig held with the ma- 
 jority, that while school directors had large discretionary powers, yet they had 
 no right to discriminate between children on account of color or social condition. 
 He wrote the opinion in the famous Illinois Central Railroad case, involving the 
 right of the railroad company under its charter to submerged lands along the lake 
 front in Chicago, in which it was decided that the state held the title to the lands 
 within its boundaries covered by the waters of Lake Michigan, in trust for the 
 people and that the state had no right to sell such lands. 
 
 Arthur A. Smith, judge of the circuit court from 1867 to 1894, was born in 
 Batavia, Ohio. He graduated from Knox College in 1853. He studied law for a 
 while in New York and afterwards in Peoria and was admitted to the bar and 
 opened a law office in Galesburg in 1855. At the breaking out of the Civil war 
 he helped to organize the 83rd Regiment of Illinois Infantry, of which he was 
 elected lieutenant colonel. He served his country well until the close of the war, 
 when he was mustered out with the rank of brigadier general. For a short time 
 after the close of the war. General Smith remained at Clarksville, but returned 
 to Galesburg in 1866, where he resumed the practice of law. In the early part 
 of 1867, he was appointed circuit judge to fill the vacancy created by the resigna- 
 tion of Judge John S. Thompson of Mercer county. ' . - v ;' - 
 
HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY r ^-o ;, 
 
 Judge Smith was succeeded by Judge Hiram Bigelow of Galva, in Henry 
 county, who served out the remainder of Judge Smith's term, ,\ I ...: ' 
 
 Judge Bigelow was succeeded by the writer of this article, who is now serving 
 his third term as circuit judge. 
 
 V:?// COURTHOUSES ' ' ;^\" -^^ 
 
 In pursuance of the policy announced in the preface of this history, it is 
 now our intention to write up the several matters of interest to the people of 
 this county in such detail as to present them as they really occurred. 
 
 In our third chapter it seemed natural and convenient to attach an account 
 of the construction of the first court house and jail to the account of the final 
 organization of the courts and the election of the county and township or dis- 
 trict officers. We were explicit in everything pertaining to the construction of 
 the court house, but the jail does not appear in so much detail on the record. 
 In fact, it does not seem to have been fully paid for until the year 1838. 
 
 Since that time two court houses and two jails have been erected in Knox 
 county. All of these buildings were fine structures for the times in which they 
 were built, and it will be seen from the account here given, that they were all 
 thoroughly well built, and that there was never the slightest evidence or sus- 
 picion of fraud or dishonesty in the work. It was the writer's pleasure and 
 honor to have been county clerk during the construction of the present court 
 house, and he wishes here' to state that during all that period the men comprising 
 the county board of Knox county were men of honor and ability and would 
 have been a credit to any state legislature of any state of the Union. 
 
 We will now proceed with our account of Knox county court house con- 
 struction. 
 
 In December, 1836, it appears from the records that the county commis- 
 sioners were moved to consider the question of again building a court house. 
 The log structure which was erected at the start, and costing less than $400, 
 was in the very nature of things temporary and designed only to meet the then 
 pressing needs of the county. It does 'not appear from the records that there 
 had been any previous discussion upon this subject on the part of the people, 
 but we find a simple order directing the preparation of plans with the provision 
 for advertising the same and placing those plans where they would be acces- 
 sible to such architects as might be found in the then new cities of the state. 
 The following orders appear of record : 
 
 ORDERED: That Henry J. Runkle (or some other person whom he may em- 
 ploy) be requested to furnish three copies of a suitable draft for a court house 
 to be erected in the town of Knoxville, of the following description: The main 
 building to be 40 feet wide by 50 feet in length with a portico in front of suit- 
 able proportion, supported by stone pillars. The basement story to be of stone 
 and to be divided in the middle lengthwise by a hall or passage and one side 
 divided into three apartments, and the other side in four apartments, and the 
 main building to be of brick, the whole to be of suitable proportion. 
 
 ORDERED : That the clerk make out an advertisement and cause the same to 
 
. ;: ;: -> ^ ' :_ HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY : , . , 61 
 
 be inserted in the newspapers printed at Peoria and Quincy. That sealed pro- 
 posals will be received at the office of the clerk of this court until the March 
 term of this court for said building in separate contracts : one for the walls and 
 outside of said building, and the other for the inside work of said building, hav- 
 ing reference, to the said drafts for particular information, the said drafts to 
 be deposited with the clerks of the county commissioners courts of the counties 
 of Knox, Peoria and Adams. 
 
 It appears further that the foregoing advertisements did not result in the 
 production of any plans or at least any plans that were satisfactory, for we find 
 the following order entered of record at the March term, to which term of court 
 plans were to be returned. 
 
 ORDERED: That Eldert Runkle, one of the commissioners of this court, be 
 and he is hereby appointed and authorized on the behalf of said court to pro- 
 cure a suitable draft or drafts of a court house for said county, previous to the 
 next regular term of this court. . : . j : - J^ ^ ' ^ 
 
 The county commissioners' record does not make any statement in regard to 
 plans and specifications for court house filed pursuant to notice given at the 
 September term of court. Plans and specifications were, however, filed with 
 the clerk of the court, but were probably too elaborate and were therefore not 
 entered of record ; but we find a contract for the building of a new court house 
 for the sum of $15,450, made and entered into with Alvah Wheeler and Zelotes 
 Cooley, who at that time lived in Hancock county, Illinois. This contract is 
 given below as it is made for the erection of the building which now stands in 
 the public square at Knoxville, and is therefore of sufficient interest to the peo- 
 pie of this county to copy it from the records which are scarcely ever seen, 
 and make it a matter of historic value by including it in this history of Knox 
 county. The following is the contract : 
 
 Alvah Wheeler and Zelotes Cooley have entered into contract with the com- 
 missioners of Knox county in articles of agreement as follows: This agree- 
 ment made and entered into this tenth day of March, A. D., 1838, between AJ- 
 vah Wheeler and Zelotes Cooley of Hancock county, in the state of Illinois of 
 the first part, and Jos Rowe, James Ferguson and Eldert Runkle, county com- 
 missioners of the said county of Knox in said state of Illinois on behalf of said 
 county of Knox of the second part, Witnesseth: That the said party of the first 
 part for and in consideration of the covenants on the part of the said party of 
 the second part hereinafter mentioned, hereby covenants and agrees to and 
 with the said party of the second part and their successors in office to furnish 
 the materials for and to erect and build a court house in the town of Knoxville, 
 in said county of Knox (upon such site as shall be designated by the said party 
 of the second part) agreeably to certain plans and specifications by them filed 
 with the clerk of the county commissioners' court of said county of Knox (to 
 which plans and specifications reference is herein had, and they are made a 
 part of this agreement), the said court house to be fully completed and finished 
 (agreeably to said plans and specifications), on or before the first day of May, 
 A. D., 1840. 
 
 In consideration whereof, the said party of the second part for themselves 
 and their successors in office hereby covenant and agree to and with the said 
 party of the first part to pay to the said party of the first part, the sum of fifteen 
 
|i|;;;'4^-- HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY V-'^^^J 
 
 thousand, four hundred and fifty dollars at the times and in the manner fol- 
 lowing, to-wit: To advance to the said party of the first part (when this agree- 
 ment is executed), the sum of one thousand, four hundred and fifty dollars 
 (which sum is to be secured to the said party of the second part by good per- 
 sonal security to be by them approved), and tb make further payments from 
 time to time (as often as once per month as required by the said party of the 
 first part) as the work progresses proportioned to the progress thereof, so that 
 the last payment shall be made when the said court house is completed. And 
 it is mutually understood and agreed by and between the parties that in estimat- 
 ing the progress of said building reference shall be had to the value of the mate- 
 rials provided therefor and of the labor bestowed thereon, so that the said party 
 of the first part may (whenever an estimate is made) be paid a sum proportioned 
 to the advancement of the work, and it is further mutually agreed by and be- 
 tween the parties that if at any time they shall not agree upon the amounts which 
 should then be paid, that then each party shall nominate one person who to- 
 gether shall estimate the progress of said work and fix the amount which is at 
 that time to be paid to the said party of the first part and if the two persons 
 thus nominated shall disagree they two shall appoint a third person to act as 
 umpire, whose decision shall be final in the premises, and the said party of the 
 second part shall thereupon pay to the said party of the first part the sum fixed 
 by said umpire. 
 
 And the said party of the first part further covenants and agrees to and 
 with the said party of the second part, that whenever any materials by them pro- 
 vided for said court house shall have been estimated, and they shall have received 
 the payment based upon such estimate, that then the materials so estimated shall 
 be considered and shall be the absolute property of the said party of the second 
 part, subject however to be used in and about the building of said court house by 
 the said party of the first part. It is 'further mutually understood and agreed 
 by and between the parties aforesaid that if the said party of the second part 
 shall deem it expedient to make any change or alteration in the plans or specifi- 
 cations that then such change or alteration shall be made in such building and if 
 such change or alteration increases the expense of said court house, that then the 
 said party of the second part shall pay the said party of the first part (in addition 
 to the gross sum above mentioned) a reasonable compensation, proportioned to 
 such increased expense, and on the other hand, if any such change or changes 
 shall diminish the expense of said building, that then the said parties of the first 
 part shall make a reasonable deduction from said gross sum, proportioned to 
 such diminished expense. In witness of which said several premises the said 
 parties have hereunto set their hands and affixed their seals the day and year 
 first above written. 
 
 Witness, S. H. LITTLE. :;..;;:-- ./ :;v'' -I 
 
 ...,-. (Signed) ALVAH WHEELER, (SE.^L) . 
 
 ,:. ' ZELOTES COOLEY. (SEAL) 
 
 ' Messrs. Wheeler and Cooley entered into bond in the penal sum of $28,000 
 with the county commissioners with Moses Stevens, Sidney H. Little, Wesley 
 Williams, David W. Matthews, Thos. L. Barnes and Jesse B. Winn of Hancock 
 county, state of Illinois as sureties and John G. Sanborn. Parnach Owen, Her- 
 man Knox, Enos Pomeroy, Robert L. Hannaman, Geo. A. Charles and George 
 
'':; f ;; V HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY : ; 68 
 
 Newman of the county of Knox and state of Illinois also as sureties. The county 
 commissioners at this time were Joseph Rowe, James Ferguson and Eldert 
 Runkle. This court house was completed in good shape by the contractors but it 
 is a little interesting to know that at the start they proceeded to borrow from 
 Knox county the sum of $1,450 and gave a note therefor signed by nearly all 
 of the men who were upon their bond as sureties. The following is a copy of 
 the note. 
 
 k 
 
 Alvah Wheeler and Zelotes Cooley presented in court a note in words as 
 follows, to-wit: "?;', . '. ^;. <::' .\ /r= . .\S'-v : 
 
 $1,450 On or before the first day of July next, we jointly and severally 
 promise to pay to Joseph Rowe, James Ferguson and Eldert Ruukle, county 
 commissioners of Knox county, or to their successors in office, the sum of one 
 thousand, four hundred and fifty dollars for value received. .V'. . ' ; V > x 
 
 Dated March loth, 1838. ,.;;>;: : : ^'i ^ . ;;. ; 
 
 ,; (Signed) ALVAH WHEELER, ':\-: 1 . THOS. L. BARNES, '.;.;- 
 
 ;; ZELOTES COOLEY, >' . J- B. WINN, ' v^>:/ 
 
 \.;;{.;^::;;;- MOSES STEVENS, -:; ;. ^ i JOHN G. SANBORN, .' . :,;::' 
 
 :/..' ';-!,. ^.;';;.S. H. LITTLE, '::.';'''''.':..--''''! PARNACH OWEN, ;-:\. . :.'\^' 'f-\:/'>'' "'!? 
 
 :';':'':"'.':/ "^'' WESLEY WILLIAMS, :;';>;;.; HERMAN KNOX, ':;..;.''-: r.'-\^'-;.'^;5,;X;-:; 
 
 0:> D.W.MATTHEWS, GEORGE A. CHARLES. r ;! ,.; ^^i 
 
 ' ' ORDERED: That the clerk issue an order on the treasurer in favor of Alvah ;.: ;^. ? 
 
 Wheeler and Zelotes Cooley for the sum of one thousand, four hundred and fifty -v Vv.' , 
 
 dollars, on above note. ^^ 'r.? '.:;'' 
 
 This contract for the new court house placed the county where it had to raise :V ' .;' 'x' 
 money to meet the payments on the same. Accordingly on the same day in which ; V; v. . .; 
 the contract was entered into, the county commissioners entered the following vvv.;.. V 
 order for the collection of a part of the money which had been loaned out from :.;;:' '.v'^ 
 time to time. i ; . ; 
 
 ORDERED : That the treasurer notify all persons (owing money due the county) .. ';. 
 to pay to said treasurer the twenty-four percentum, as ordered by the commis- A '.;'. 
 sioners court at March term and interest, and that he notify Lester J. Gillett, Geo. , ./; .,^''.; 
 Losey and Gilbert Buckingham, to pay in (as required above) and to renew their .. ..: * ' .; 
 bonds with approved securities. "^^ '. : j; 
 
 And that the treasurer is hereby authorized to put in suit all notes, that are \;'. ' 
 not paid as above specified and to employ an attorney for that purpose. - ' ?' : 
 
 The court house plans as originally drawn did not provide for a cupola. It ' ':' ' ' r. 
 .was afterwards concluded that it better have one for then as now a court house .'-' :.4 .> 
 without a cupola or a dome did not seem quite in keeping with the architecture -V?-';:-' 
 of public buildings. Accordingly at the January special term 1839 the following .: .' 
 order was entered pursuant to the agreement with the contractors. Wheeler and ,.'-:?> - 
 Cooley. ..'.- 
 
 ORDERED: That the plan and specifications for a cupola on the court house, -"' .> 
 be filed, plan marked letter A., specifications marked B., and the same be con- "'; ;' 
 sidered a contract in accordance with said plan and specifications, and is made "^ ^ 
 a part of the original contract, for building the court house, with \Vheeler and i; > 
 Cooley. The consideration for building said cupola as per specifications to be :: . . - 
 seven hundred and twenty-five dollars. '"' 
 
 A further change was made in the plans and specifications of the building 
 
64 HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY \ 
 
 at that time which it is doubtful would be made at the present time considering 
 that the brick then burned were so soft and porous. This order is also given: 
 ORDERED: That Wheeler and Cooley be and they are hereby requested to 
 alter so much of the court-house contract as requires the furrowing and lathing 
 of the inside walls of the house, and the same be plastered on the brick work, 
 the difference of expense to be deducted from original contract. 
 . By the March term of the county commissioners court 1839 the court house 
 was sufficiently advanced to consider the question of painting the exterior of 
 the building. The following order will show the color agreed upon. Some of 
 our older citizens may remember the first color given the building, which was 
 
 yellow. .' /''^': .-'":!-:. 'A'. . '/"'^ :'' 
 
 ORDERED: That Wheeler and Cooley be and they are hereby authorized to 
 paint the outside of the court house cream color, the difference of expense of 
 paint to be allowed on their contract. 
 
 . Again in the June term 1839 the county commissioners decided to add to 
 the plans and specifications with which the contract was originally made. This 
 addition is fully described in the following order: 
 
 ORDERED : That Wheeler and Cooley are to be allowed four hundred dollars 
 for putting on the court house Venetian blinds for all the windows, except the 
 lower side lights to be finished complete, in proportion to the rest of the build- 
 ing. Also sixty dollars for deafening the court room fioor and the stairs, also 
 fi'fteen dollars for putting in folding doors between the two first offices on the 
 west side, the whole to be finished in a good and substantial manner. An al- 
 lowance has been made in the above contract for not putting in the two doors 
 in the two north offices as specified in the original contract. 
 
 Also at the same term of court it was decided to put a lightning rod upon 
 the building: 
 
 ORDERED : That John Eads be and is hereby authorized to furnish a light- 
 ning rod for the court house, out of ^ of an inch iron, at 19 cents per pound, 
 the silver plating of the points to be allowed for at cost. 
 
 At the December term 1839 of the county commissioners court of Knox 
 county on the 4th day of December a final settlement was had with Wheeler and 
 Cooley for the construction of the court house and the following orders were 
 entered : 
 
 ORDERED: That at the settlement with Wheeler and Cooley for building the 
 court house in Knoxville, the sum of one thousand three hundred and two dol- 
 lars is due to Zelotes Cooley on the same and that he be allowed interest on the 
 same at the rate of twelve per centum per annum. 
 
 ORDERED: That at the settlement with Wheeler and Cooley for building the 
 court house in Knoxville the sum of one thousand, three hundred and two dol- 
 lars is due to Alvah Wheeler and that he be allowed interest on the same at 
 the rate of twelve per centum per annum. 
 
 At the March term 1840 further action was taken in regard to the court house. 
 A table for the bar in the court room to be covered was ordered at a cost of 
 $12 without the cover. At the same term it was deemed advisable to get some 
 income from the court house and the following orders were entered: 
 
 ORDERED: That the clerk of the court rent the two upper jury rooms at 
 one dollar and twenty five cents per month each subject to the use of the jurors 
 
11, 
 
 0*3 ? 
 
 t: s 
 
 II 8 
 
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 S c 
 
 r 50 
 
 H 
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 VI 
 
 o 
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 S- 
 
 K 
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 CA. 
 
 ,",* 
 
64 ,:'.:-:::': HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY 
 
 at that time which it is doubtful would be made at the present time considering 
 that the brick then burned were so soft and porous. This order is also given: 
 
 ORDERED: That Wheeler and Cooley be and they are hereby requested to 
 alter so much of the court-house contract as requires the furrowing and lathing 
 of the inside walls of the house, and the same be plastered on the brick work, 
 the difference of expense to be deducted from original contract. ) 
 
 By the March term of the county commissioners court 1839 the court house 
 was sufficiently advanced to consider the question of painting the exterior of 
 the building. The following order will show the color agreed upon. Some of 
 our older citizens may remember the first color given the building, which was 
 yellow. 
 
 ORDERED: That Wheeler and Cooley be and they are hereby authorized to 
 paint the outside of the court house cream color, the difference of expense of 
 paint to be allowed on their contract. ' I 
 
 Again in the June term 1839 the county commissioners decided to add to 
 the plans and specifications with which the contract was originally made. This 
 addition is fully described in the following order: 
 
 ORDERED : That Wheeler and Cooley are to be allowed four hundred dollars 
 for putting on the court house Venetian blinds for all the windows, except the 
 lower side lights to be finished complete, in proportion to the rest of the build- 
 ing. Also sixty dollars for deafening the court room floor and the stairs, also 
 fifteen dollars for putting in folding doors between the two first offices on the 
 west side, the whole to be finished in a good and substantial manner. An al- 
 lowance has been made in the above contract for not putting in the two doors 
 in the two north offices as specified in the original contract. 
 
 Also at the same term of court it was decided to put a lightning rod upon 
 the building: 
 
 ORDERED: That John Eads be and is hereby authorized to furnish a light- 
 ning rod for the court house, out of -% of an inch iron, at 19 cents per pound, 
 the silver plating of the points to be allowed for at cost. 
 
 At the December term 1839 of the county commissioners court of Knox 
 county on the 4th day of December a final settlement was had with Wheeler and 
 Cooley for the construction of the court house and the following orders were 
 entered : 
 
 ORDERED: That at the settlement with Wheeler and Cooley for building the 
 court house in Knoxville, the sum of one thousand three hundred and two dol- 
 lars is due to Zelotes Cooley on the same and that he be allowed interest on the 
 same at the rate of twelve per centum per annum. 
 
 ORDERED: That at the settlement with Wheeler and Cooley for building the 
 court house in Knoxville the sum of one thousand, three hundred and two dol- 
 lars is due to Alvah Wheeler and that he be allowed interest on the same at 
 the rate of twelve per centum per annum. 
 
 At the March term 1840 further action was taken in regard to the court house. 
 A table for the bar in the court room to be covered was ordered at a cost of 
 $12 without the cover. At the same term it was deemed advisable to get some 
 income from the court house and the following orders were entered: 
 
 ORDERED: That the clerk of the court rent the two upper jury rooms at 
 one dollar and twenty five cents per month each subject to the use of the jurors 
 
00 5- 
 
 2 r. 
 
 S;E c 
 
 "' 
 
 C- 
 
 J- 
 
 y. 
 
 -1 
 ft 
 n 
 
:^V ;;.,::. HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY ^ : 65 
 
 and the lower north west corner room at two dollars and eight and a half cents, 
 and if the lessees will put in good cylinder coal stoves, they can relinquish the 
 same to the county at cost in rent if any one wishes to rent the same for office, etc. 
 ORDERED: That the north east room in court house, lower floor, be rented 
 to Walker L. Bean for twenty-five dollars, and a lease given for the same. 
 
 ORDERED: That the middle room in court house lower floor east side be 
 ' rented to Julius Manning for forty dollars and lease given for the same. 
 
 ORDERED: That the middle room in the court house lower floor west side 
 be rented to C. K. Harvey and John Jackson for twenty five dollars subject for 
 the use of the commissioners court for court purposes. 
 
 "^ On the 7th day of March of the same year it was decided to sell the old 
 court house independent of the lot. / i'-s:- '. 
 
 ORDERED : That the clerk put up notices to sell the old court house without 
 the lot, to be sold to the highest bidder on the ist day of April, and also the 
 letting of a fence round the court house to be let at the same time, specifications 
 for fence and terms for the sale of the court house will be made known at day 
 ; . of sale. 
 
 Upon the first day of April 1840 the sale of the court house was entered of 
 :.;. record a's follows: 
 
 .,' . The old court house is hereby sold to Alvah Wheeler for the sum of eighty 
 ;. nine dollars and fifty cents, for which a note is filed, said Wheeler is to have 
 . -, two years use of the lots it now stands on. 
 
 An entry is made in the June term 1840 of settlement in part with Wheeler 
 
 ;Vv and Cooley for the construction of the court house as follows: 
 
 . - '. ORDERED: That the clerk issue an order on the treasurer in favor of Alvah 
 
 ' :' ' Wheeler for four hundred and fifty three dollars and eighty five cents in full of 
 
 :,^ settlement as specified on the record of this court at December term 1839. 
 
 ' ORDERED : That the clerk issue an order on the treasurer in favor of Wheeler 
 
 and Cooley for two hundred and thirty seven dollars and fifty cents for con- 
 
 / tract for blinds, etc. ; ' . i v 
 
 V-. At the December term 1840 the county commissioners made final settlement 
 
 " with Zelotes Cooley for his share of the contract for construction of the new 
 
 court house as appears from the following entry upon our record. 
 ;.:;vv ; -: Zelotes Cooley stated an account due him from county of Knox as follows: 
 
 ;,;;:;.. Dec. 4, 1839 Amt. as per order Dec. term of this court $1,302.00 
 
 ., ' - Mch. 7, 1840 Interest on same 12% 40.36 
 
 ';-:V"-^ :^ ':--\.^^ ; - :. ' ..:: v;:^ ;;"/-- ':'. / >''::^,'. / -^' ^'-'-^.^- 1,342.36 
 
 /y Mch. 7, 1840 Amt. paid March term 1840 900.00 
 
 v-'v;:?-.- -r-- . '"'' " .:.'- ''-'--. ^'-- :':-'-^: :'. -' , :"'/'..'( Z :''.'''' A:. "V , . - 
 
 ^,. - ... . 442-36 
 
 : } Dec. lo, 1840 9 3/30 months interest at 12% 40.25 
 
 $482.61 
 
 ORDERED: That the clerk issue an order on the treasury in favor of Zelotes 
 Cooley for four hundred and eighty two dollars and sixty one cents for account 
 as above stated. '^ A :'';:-.':' - ' ' -V V 
 
 It is interesting to note the care with which every proposition to expend 
 
 TtLl- 
 
et^ :Vi^5c/ HISTORY OF KNOX COUNT Y . //;-.^"> v^.: 
 
 money was formerly considered by the board of supervisors and if a little care 
 be taken to examine the ayes and nays it will be found that the division in the 
 ^ board was shown in a singular uniformity. 
 
 At the January meeting, 1858, supervisor Charles offered the following reso- 
 lution for making certain changes in the court house. '.-';:.;'.' .1 V 
 
 Resolved, that the board deem it expedient to repair and enlarge the court 
 room, by taking out all partition walls in the upper story, and make it one room, 
 and that we appoint an agent to contract and superintend the work and have 
 it done as soon as convenient and render an account to this board. 
 . Resolved, That the chair appoint a committee of three to take into considera- 
 tion the property or expediency of enlarging, improving or repairing the court 
 house; to take into consideration the different ways of making such alteration 
 or improvement, with the probable expense of such different alterations, and to 
 report to next meeting of this board. ; . ' -^ /' ; ' ;-'^V' .;/]:' 
 
 Supervisor Miles read report of committee appointed at last meeting of the 
 board to make estimates of the expense of alterations and repairs to the court 
 house and present plans for such alterations, when on motion of supervisor 
 Charles the report was received and the committee discharged. . -' I " -' 
 
 Supervisor Charles brought up the matter of enlargement of the court room 
 and repairs to court house, when supervisor Martin offered the following reso- 
 lution : 
 
 Resolved, That it is inexpedient to make any repairs to the court house at 
 present. Which was discussed at length when Supervisor Charles offered a reso- 
 lution to postpone action on said motion until tomorrow morning carried. 
 
 Supervisor Charles offered the following substitute, for resolution of Super- 
 visor Martin in relation to improvement of the court house. 
 
 : Resolved, That this board appoint Z. Cooley to have the court room enlarged 
 
 . and repaired according to plans presented to this board, by the committee ap- 
 ; pointed at previous meeting and in such manner as not to cost over five hundred 
 dollars, and present bill at next meeting of the board. 
 
 The yeas and nays being demanded, resulted. Yeas, Messrs. Routh, Charles, 
 LeBaron, Godfrey, Miles, McCornack, Stuckey, Knable, Jarnagin, Shinn and 
 Tucker, ii. Nays, Messrs. Meek, Kelly, Gale, Brown, Titus, Martin, Holyoke 
 and Gibbs, 8. Resolution substituted. 
 
 Supervisor Brown offered the following resolution as a substitute for that of 
 supervisor Charles : . :. , ';:^-:- . :-; I 
 
 Resolved, That it is inexpedient to make the repairs on the court house con- 
 templated in the report of the committee on that subject. 
 
 The yeas and nays being called for, the vote resulted Yeas, Messrs. Kelly, 
 Gale, Brown, Martin, Holyoke and Gibbs, 6. Nays, Messrs. Routh, Charles, 
 LeBaron, Godfrey, Miles, McCornack, Stuckey, Knable, Shinn, Tucker, Jarna- 
 gin, II, so the substitute was lost. 
 
 Supervisor Gale then offered the following substitute for Supervisor Charles' 
 substitute : 
 
 Resolved, That the subject of repairs and alterations be referred to a com- 
 mittee to report in full at the next meeting, full specifications and estimates of 
 ' the cost of repairs and alterations according to the plan presented by the com- 
 . mittee of the last meeting. 
 
f; ;-;.:>; "; ^ HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY ; :f ' ^ '. -^ 
 
 Yeas and nays were demanded on adoption of substitute, resulting as follows : 
 Yeas, .Messrs. Meek, Kelly, Gale, Brown, Titus, Martin, LeBaron and Gibbs 8. 
 Nays, Messrs. Routh. Charles, Holyoke, Godfrey, Miles, McCornack, Stuckey, 
 Knable, Shinn, Tucker and Jarnagin ii. So the substitute was lost. 
 
 Supervisor Miles then offered the following resolution as a substitute for 
 the resolution of supervisor Charles, which substitute was accepted by super- 
 visor Charles, as follows, to-wit: 
 
 Resolved, That Z. Cooley be appointed to have the court room enlarged and 
 repaired according to the plan presented to this board by the committee appointed 
 by a former board. Provided the same can be done in a good and workmanlike 
 manner, according to said plan, and Provided, said repairs and alterations can 
 be done at a cost to the county, not exceeding four hundred and fifty dollars; 
 and if the said Cooley cannot contract for or do the work and have the same 
 completed for that sum, he is not to commence the job. 
 
 The previous question being demanded, and the yeas and nays called, the 
 resolution was adopted. 
 
 Yeas, Messrs. Routh, Charles, LeBaron, Godfrey, Miles, McCornack, Stuckey, 
 Knable, .Shinn, Tucker and Jarnagin ii. Nays, .Messrs. Meek, Kelly, Gale, 
 Brown, Titus, Martin, Holyoke and Gibbs 8. 
 
 These repairs were made by Mr. Cooley and he was paid $265.77 ^t the 
 September meeting, 1858, which covered all cost except painting, papering and 
 : whitewashing. V - -" V'.vv^;--.y--::r .;-.:;'';">: '"-.'I 
 
 September 1866. The committee appointed at the April meeting of the 
 board to complete repairs and paint halls of court house and offices, made the 
 following report. 
 To the Board of Supervisors: . ;'"'-...;"> ^r :-:-...; :^.r --;>.- 
 
 Your committee appointed at the April meeting 1866, to complete repairs 
 and painting of the court house halls, sheriff's and jury rooms, would report, 
 That they engaged one Kellar to do the work, that after cleaning the work and 
 puttying up, no painting having been done for some 28 years, and the wood work 
 very much out of repair; they found the work of Mr. Kellar not such as they 
 could approve; and therefore procured other and competent painters, engaging 
 Mr. Ball of Galesburg, to do a job similar to that done in the court room, at 
 the rate of $3.50 per day, which was the lowest we could obtain a competent 
 ^::' hand for. '':' ^/.^'''''..^-^/O -iv;"^ '"'::.'' . ; ' : ,-.f/ ./>V : 
 
 We would therefore recommend the allowance of the following bills, con- 
 /v-nected with the repairs and painting, amounting to $404.85. 
 
 This seems to be the last expenditure ever made on the Knoxville court house 
 by the county. An election for the removal of the county seat to Galesburg was 
 : ; held eleven years later which resulted in removal to that place in February, 1873. 
 
 The city of Galesburg was obligated to furnish fire proof county offices, 
 court and jury rooms for ten years after removal so nothing appears on record 
 in regard to court house matters until about the time this ten-year period had 
 expired. There we find the following at the ' ~'j ;'. ' 
 
 April meeting, 1878. Mr. Gale offered the following resolution, which was 
 adopted : 
 
 Resolved, That the judiciary committee be directed to inquire and report at 
 the next meeting of the board, whether any measures must be taken during the 
 
96 ;:^;y; HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY / //':;;. 
 
 current year to secure adequate provisions for court and jury rooms for the 
 use of the county, and to make to the board such recommendations as the case 
 seems to require. 
 
 July meeting, 1878. Mr. Temple, from committee on judiciary and clerk's 
 offices, to whom was referred the resolution of Mr. Gale adopted at the last 
 April meeting of the board in regard to court house, presented the following 
 report: , ; . ... .^;>..v ;, . i 
 
 To the Honorable Board of Supervisors: 
 
 Your committee would respectfully report in regard to the resolution of Mr. 
 Gale, at the April meeting, under which the committee were instructed to inquire 
 into the necessity of taking action during the coming year, towards securing 
 rooms for circuit court, that the committee met at the county clerk's office and 
 examined papers on file relating to the removal of the county seat; and while 
 it may be an open question as to the expiration of the term of ten years for which 
 the city of Galesburg is bound to furnish buildings for court house purposes, 
 the committee conferred with owners of the present rooms occupied for such 
 purposes, and other proprietors of rooms in the city, and received offers as 
 follows : 
 
 From the proprietors of the opera house, they received an offer of the use 
 of the present court room at $i,ooo per year. From !Mr. John Johnston, pro- 
 prietor of Caledonia Hall, received an offer of his rooms at $400 per year, the 
 county to be at the expense of any changes required for heating, ventilating, etc. 
 And would respectfully leave it to the board to judge from these offers whether 
 any immediate action is necessary. 
 
 On motion of Mr. Hale, the report was accepted, and Mr. Sellon offered the 
 following resolution, which was adopted: 
 
 Whereas, It seems to be an open question as to when the lease of the opera 
 house for county purposes expires under the contract ; therefore ; .' ; . j 
 
 Resolved, That the judiciary committee be directed to examine the papers and 
 investigate the matter, and that said committee report to the board at the Sep- 
 tember meeting, 1878. 
 
 September meeting, 1878. The following is taken from the report of Mr. 
 Temple, from committee on judiciary and clerk's offices : 
 
 Your committee would further report, that in relation to the resolution of 
 Mr. Sellon, referring the subject of providing court rooms, etc., for the circut 
 court, that they have met and discussed the question, and would recommend that 
 in view of the uncertainty and difference of opinion, as to the obligation of the 
 city of Galesburg to furnish buildings beyond the coming spring, a contract 
 be executed between the board and the proprietors of the rooms at present occu- 
 pied, provided the rooms be furnished on the same terms as at present, said 
 contract to take effect from and after the expiration of the time for which the 
 city of Galesburg is bound to furnish the same. 
 
 The committee have decided to present to the board the contract and other 
 papers bearing upon the subject, believing that the information desired can be 
 better supplied by the reading of these documents, than by an expression of 
 
-V V : HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY : ; \ 69 
 
 opinion by the committee on a matter which is at best a doubtful question of 
 V. law and equity. ','.' '.;;;..:- ' ^ ,. ; ', ';'"^ '^'. :^'^' ,-:-,\;C"'\?;-'\r .--;:"';' 
 
 .'? " r / . ' , ;'^ ' '' Respectfully submitted, .V 
 
 :'''\-''^''-'-''-'^''^-.''----^ .-....-. : ,.-^ J- W. TEMPLE, /v,; 
 
 C.;;:; -'V./ ' ' " :^ '/ '; ^/ '-.-''';- '::;v;^;:v^-^'..^:^5/^ L. W. BENSON, '"'; 
 ^"[''. .''''' ' '" - :- ''v\:>^v-;'- '-'';-;.' /.'':'^-vs';/''- W. SELDEN GALE, 
 
 ''-'.:^';^y':'^. -',.;,'''.; .' ..':./--.'/; -I- ;"'-;. v' '^-^ - r '^C'.f - :"^ '- TnOS. McKEE. -'-.-:;/; 
 
 On motion th^ report of the committee was accepted and adopted (except as 
 to report in relation to rooms for circuit court), and orders directed to issue in 
 accordance with recommendations of committee. 
 
 Mr. Gale made a statement in regard to present contract and obligations on 
 the part of the city, leasing rooms, now occupied for court purposes, and offered 
 the following resolution : 
 
 Resolved, That the chairman and clerk of this board be authorized to con- 
 tract with the owners of the opera house in Galesburg, for use of court rooms 
 at the rates now paid by the city of Galesburg and with like conditions, for a 
 term to .commence at the end of the term of lease to the city, and to terminate 
 on six months' notice. 
 
 ' ' Mr. Sellon, wishing to offer a minority report, Mr. Gale withdrew his reso- 
 lutions, when Mr. Sellon made the following minority report: ' : 
 Mr. Chairman and Members of the Board: 
 
 Your committee appointed for the purpose of investigating the papers and 
 facts as to the extent of the lease of court rooms and offices, having carefully 
 examined all the papers bearing upon the lease of the opera house for county 
 purposes, including the lease and stipulations, find the following indisputable 
 facts to exist : 
 
 First. The city of Galesburg is bound by stipulations to furnish, free of cost 
 to the county, suitable rooms for county and court purposes for a term of years 
 not to exceed ten. ^. ' -v- ^ i:^^.- ::^ :- 
 
 Second. A lease was obtained by the city from Messrs. Bfechwald & Co. 
 for the use of the opera house for court and county purposes, during the term 
 as specified in the above named stipulations, viz., ten years. 
 
 Third. Said lease dated from January 29, 1873, and the county has occu- 
 pied said opera house for said purpose from that date to the present. 
 
 In view of these facts a minority, and perhaps a majority of your commit- 
 tee, are of the opinion that the obligation of the city to the county is not can- 
 celled, and will not be under the contract until January, 1883, and we would 
 respectfully recommend that this board be governed in their action by the facts 
 in the case. 
 
 We would further state, that we have had no official communication with 
 the city authorities as to the terms of termination of said lease, and we have 
 reason to believe that the city will, in good faith, fulfill her obligations to the 
 county in this regard. 
 
 Therefore, we advise to let the whole matter rest where it is, and respect- 
 fully ask the acceptance and adoption of this report as a substitute for the 
 majority report, ."''yy.v, :;;. ',., :, - -.fc;;.-;' '/:, ^ ; ..;.,;:->::;'-'>.'/, ^.'^~'^ '>::''-- ,' ''-^' ': 
 
 All of which is respectfully submitted. '/:'!.:'' 
 . . /'v'r.rX EDWARD SELLON. 
 
-'-' - .- ' ' j '.'**' ' * '' '.''-','' ' ''"' . ' ' ' ' " . '"' 
 
 '\ : -.',' ' ''i'-f:' ' - ; - - _, 
 
 : TO /^^SV HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY ;';:- ^ ; ; : : 1 ; , 
 
 ; Mr. Gale moved that the report of the minority of the committee be ac- 
 
 cepted and adopted. Carried. ^^ -^ 
 
 Mr. Gale then renewed the resolution for the adoption of his resolution last 
 before offered, and the resolution of Mr. Gale was also adopted. 
 ; January meeting, 1879. The clerk presented report of special committee, 
 .' appointed at last meeting of the board, in relation to renting opera house for 
 court purposes; which report -was referred to committee on judiciary and clerks' 
 offices. 
 
 April meeting, 1879. Mr. Gale (W. S.) presented the following report of 
 the city council of the city of Galesburg, in regard to furnishing court and jury 
 rooms for the county: 
 To His Honor the Mayor and City Council: 
 
 In regard to the matter of furnishing to the county court and jury rooms, 
 your committee beg leave to report: 
 
 By special statute, authority was given the city to contract with commis- 
 sioners appointed by the county board, upon certain terms and conditions. Un- 
 der that authority, the city, in March, 1869, contracted with the commissioners 
 to furnish a site for a court house, a site for a jail, a lot for clerks' offices, and to 
 . erect on such lot a suitable building; to pay to the county $20,000, to be applied 
 in the erection of a jail, and to furnish the county with suitable court and jury 
 - rooms until a court house should be erected, but not to exceed a period of ten 
 years. The contract to be void in case the majority of votes cast at the county 
 seat election in April, 1869, should be against removal to Galesburg; else in full 
 force. 
 
 At such April election a majority of the votes cast were for removal; and 
 the city did fully perform every condition except the last named, and did tender 
 to the circuit court at its first term held thereafter, suitable rooms. 
 
 The expense to the city of the performance of this contract was about 
 , $40,000, all of which was paid immediately after the said election. .;.,-. I 
 ; But the advantage expected to result from this expenditure was not realized 
 for four years thereafter, owing to the fact that the canvassing board declared 
 the result otherwise than in favor of removal ; and until the action of the board 
 was pronounced erroneous in the circuit court, and the decision of the supreme 
 court affirming such decision in the circuit court was published, the county of- 
 ficers refused to recognize Galesburg as the county seat. 
 
 During all this time the city of Galesburg was paying interest on its public 
 debt, $40,000 larger than it would have been but for the expenditure above re- 
 
 ferred to, without receiving any benefit therefrom. The city was ready, willing 
 
 - and anxious to secure the expected advantage at the further cost of providing 
 court and jury rooms. In February, 1873, the county offices were removed to 
 
 Galesburg, and since that time the city has provided court and jury rooms. 
 :. ' Next month, ten years will have expired since the contract spoken of be- 
 came in force, and since the city has, so far as it was permitted to, performed 
 its part of the contract; and since that time there has been no default on the part 
 of the city. 
 
 If the city has, during that time, in point of fact, supplied court and jury 
 
 rooms for only six years, it has been because the county, to the great prejudice 
 
 . of the city, refused to occupy such rooms. . . . .. , , .1 , 
 
-::\-v^:; ;,^-;;; HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY .v 7i 
 
 Your committee are of opinion ''-'.- -; :'j ':-.. - . . . 
 
 First, That the city has fully performed its contract, and is not liable to the 
 county to furnish rooms for any greater length of time. - 
 
 Second, That the power of the city to contract, depending entirely upon the 
 special statute, is exhausted and no new contract can be made. 
 
 Your committee have no means of knowing the views that will prevail in 
 the county board, and are of the opinion that if possible all collision with the 
 county board likely to result in expense or inconvenience to the public should 
 be carefully avoided, and recommend, 
 
 That the finance committee be authorized and directed to communicate with 
 the county board; to inform the board that the opinion of the council is that the 
 city is not under obligation to further furnish court and jury rooms; and in 
 case the county board shall not concur in such opinion the finance committee be 
 authorized to arrange with the county board for a speedy reference to the 
 courts of the questions in dispute. i ^^ ' ^: ' " . ' " 
 
 I hereby certify that the foregoing is a true transcript of a report of the 
 finance- committee, adopted by the city council of the city of Galesburg at a 
 meeting held on March 8, 1879. 
 
 In testimony whereof I have hereunto subscribed my name, and affixed the 
 official seal of said city, this eleventh day of April, 1879. . : .;;.: 
 
 (SEAL) W. A. RYAN, City Clerk. - 
 
 Upon the reading of such report, Mr. Gale offered the following resolutions, 
 which were adopted: 
 
 Resolved, That a committee, to consist of Messrs. Aldrich, Benson, Corey, 
 Robson and Harden be appointed to confer with committee of the city council 
 of Galesburg, and arrange for a prompt reference of the question named in the 
 communication of the city council to the courts. 
 
 Resolved, That the judiciary committee be authorized, if necessary, to make 
 temporary arrangements for court and jury rooms until the next meeting of 
 this board. 
 
 April meeting, 1879. Mr. Aldrich offered the following resolution, which 
 was adopted: .r 
 
 Resolved, That the committee to whom was referred the question concern-.' 
 ing court and jury rooms, be authorized to employ counsel to assist the state's 
 attorney, if in their judgment they deem it necessary. 
 
 April meeting, 1880. Mr. Robson, from special committee in regard to the 
 suit between the city of Galesburg and the county, involving the rent of court 
 and jury rooms, presented the following report: ,';:.; '?.,= rv..;:.. - ' 
 
 To the Honorable Board of Supervisors: 
 
 Your committee to whom was referred the communication of the mayor 
 and city council of Galesburg, in regard to the matter of furnishing to the 
 county, court and jury rooms, beg leave to report that they have employed J. J. .- 
 Tunnicliff, state's attorney, and P. H. Sanford, Esq., as attorneys for the county 
 In said matter, and that they have got an agreed case with Mr. Leach, the city 
 attorney for Galesburg, and that they have agreed to submit said case as agreed 
 to Judge Pleasants for his opinion. ^-'^ - ' 
 
 :-:.>,'.-.;.:' v--f^ ",:;.';;>..>;-. D. W. ALDRICH, Chairman. / 
 
72 HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY . .| , 
 
 .V ' . '.:.- : ', \ . '' '.'' 
 
 On tnutiun of Mr. Gale the report of the committee was accei>ted, and the 
 committee, so far as the same are still members of this 1x>ard, be continued. 
 
 January meeting, 1881. Mr. Gale (W. S.J, from special committee, pre- 
 sented the following report: 
 
 Your special committee to whom was referred the questions of removing 
 the court room, and the future provision for court and jury rooms, Ijeg leave 
 to report 
 
 That while it is the duty of the city of Galesburg to supply the county with 
 court and jury rooms for two years, it is not advisable for the county to make 
 any other provision for that purpose at present, but they recommend that this 
 board authorize the committee to consent to any change in location which the 
 city council may desire to make, which shall be approved by the judges, and, 
 in the opinion of the committee, afford increased conveniences to the people of 
 , the county. ' ' '':;-;:'..;; '. ''^'\ '';-''';'>,::' ,:^'~ '';- 'l:l;^->'j :-':'.;-:-'-^ 
 
 In reference to permanent possession, they have to say that the present 
 scattered accommodations for court rooms and offices have nothing but economy 
 to recommend them. That they are, and always will be, in many ways un- 
 satisfactory, that they have already become in some respects quite insufficient, 
 and are gradually becoming more so, and they should at some time give way to 
 suitable and permanent provision in building specially adapted to the purpose, 
 and owned by the county. 
 
 That the present time is in some respects a favorable one for building by the 
 county. .-.^ > V..:.;^ :'.'. "v /-"''J '''.'''i:/.^it''- ;/'- \^^->v-v|- ';;'''-^ 
 
 The cost of labor and materials is much less than it has been, the county 
 is fairly prosperous, owes no corporate debt, and is in good credit, the rate of 
 taxation for county purposes being but about one-half of what it was a few 
 years ago. ; - ..' ; ' : ' ,U--v.'."';'-"-.--';./..'-; -C I -'^'' '^" 
 
 Should it be thought best to extend the time of payment over a term of 
 years, it would be easy to secure the money at a rate of interest not more than 
 half of what the county has within a short time paid. 
 
 They believe the bonds of the county can be disposed of at par. bearing a 
 rate of interest not exceeding 5 per cent; that a series of bonds having from i 
 to 20 years to run, can be so negotiated that an annual payment not exceeding 
 8 per cent will keep down the interest and extinguish the principal within 20 
 years. 
 
 Your committee are further of the opinion that there should be no undue 
 haste in the erection of buildings designed to be permanent ; that no expense, 
 except for preliminary examinations, should be incurred until plans and esti- 
 mates are fully matured and proved to be acceptable to the county ; that in build- 
 ing once for all, great care should be taken to provide buildings creditable in their 
 appearance to the taste and good sense of the people of the county, thoroughly 
 substantial, constructed economically, not beyond the real wants of the county, 
 but so as amply to provide sufficient and suitable room for everj' department. 
 
 To procure the necessary information and advice, and to properly mature 
 such plans, will require time and the careful attention of somebody, and, until 
 such time has been taken and improved, the county will not be in a situation to 
 commence building, however favorable the situation may otherwise be. 
 
 We recommend that the subject be placed in the hands of a committee, to 
 
STEPHEN .V DOUGLAS .- . 
 
 Lincoln's appearance in lSo8\ 
 
 Lincoln a^ a law student . ' . 
 
72x0:,^ HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY : 
 
 On motion of Mr. Gale the report of the committee was accepted, and the 
 committee, so far as the same are still members of this board, be continued. 
 
 January meeting, i88i. Mr. Gale (W. S.), from special committee, pre- 
 sented the following report : 
 
 Your special committee to whom was referred the questions of removing 
 the court room, and the future provision for court and jury rooms, beg leave 
 to report 
 
 That while it is the duty of the city of Galesburg to supply the county with 
 court and jury rooms for two years, it is not advisable for the county to make 
 any other provision for that purpose at present, but they recommend that this 
 board authorize the committee to consent to any change in location which the 
 city council may desire to make, which shall be approved by the judges, and, 
 in the opinion of the committee, afford increased conveniences to the people of 
 the county. . 
 
 In reference to permanent possession, they have to say that the present 
 scattered accommodations for court rooms and offices have nothing but economy 
 to recommend them. That they are, and always will be, in many ways un- 
 satisfactory, that they have already become in some respects quite insufficient, 
 and are gradually becoming more so, and they should at some time give way to 
 suitable and permanent provision in building specially adapted to the purpose, 
 and owned by the county. 
 
 That the present time is in some respects a favorable one for building by the 
 county. , . ' . 1 
 
 The cost of labor and materials is much less than it has been, the county 
 is fairly prosperous, owes no corporate debt, and is in good credit, the rate of 
 taxation for county purposes being but about one-half of what it was a few 
 years ago. 1 
 
 Should it be thought best to extend the time of payment over a term of 
 years, it would be easy to secure the money at a rate of interest not more than 
 half of what the county has within a short time paid. 
 
 They believe the bonds of the county can be disposed of at par. bearing a 
 rate of interest not exceeding 5 per cent; that a series of bonds having from i 
 to 20 years to run, can be so negotiated that an annual payment not exceeding 
 8 per cent will keep down the interest and extinguish the principal within 20 
 years. 
 
 Your committee are further of the opinion that there should be no undue 
 haste in the erection of buildings designed to be permanent ; that no expense, 
 except for preliminary examinations, should be incurred until plans and esti- 
 mates are fully matured and proved to be acceptable to the county ; that in build- 
 ing once for all, great care should be taken to provide buildings creditable in their 
 appearance to the taste and good sense of the people of the county, thoroughly 
 substantial, constructed economically, not beyond the real wants of the county, 
 but so as amply to provide sufficient and suitable room for every department. 
 
 To procure the necessary information and advice, and to properly mature 
 such plans, will require time and the careful attention of somebody, and, until 
 such time has been taken and improved, the county will not be in a situation to 
 commence building, however favorable the situation may otherwise be. 
 
 We recommend that the subject be placed in the hands of a committee, to 
 
AUKA11.V.U ,, 
 
 STEPIIKN A. DOUGLAS 
 
 Lincoln's appearance in ISoS'V J^ 
 
 '. Lincoln UN a law student 
 
- HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY - 78 
 
 report to the next meeting of this board such progress as they may be able to 
 make in procuring information, plans and estimates. 
 
 On motion, the report of the committee was accepted. It was then moved 
 to adopt the report of the committee, and the yeas and nays being called for, 
 the motion was lost by the following vote: 
 
 Yeas Messrs. Gale (G. W.), Gale (W. S.), McKee, McFarland, Robson, 
 Andrews and Corey 8. 
 
 Nays Messrs. Boydston, Kimball, Dieterich, Rankin, May, Reynolds, Simp- 
 son, Woodmansee, Benson, Rebstock, Wyman, Leighton, Mathews, Tucker, 
 Sansbury and Todd 16. 
 
 April meeting, i88i. Mr. May offered the following resolution, which was 
 adopted: - .V; ^^.^ ;). '^.; . : ,:^;-^;.. , 
 
 Resolved, That a committee, consisting of Messrs. Dieterich, Mathews and 
 Charles, be authorized to confer with owners of rooms in Galesburg suitable 
 for court rooms, and obtain of them written proposals for rent of said rooms, 
 to be furnished the county for a term of five years next ensuing after the ex- 
 piration of the present lease of court rooms from the city of Galesburg to the 
 county, and to report said offers of rates at the next meeting of the board in 
 such shape that acceptance by the board shall close the contract for lease. 
 
 Mr. Robson offered the following resolution: -: ^. 
 
 X Resolved, That the chairman of the board of supervisors appoint a special 
 committee of three to report at the next meeting of the board on the expense 
 of building another story on the clerk's office, or building another room on the 
 north side of said office for the use of the county court, treasurer's office and 
 state's attorney. Lost. 
 
 The chairman announced the following committee under resolutions of the 
 board: 
 
 On resolution in matter of fire-proof offices Messrs. Mathews, Charles and 
 Wertman. 
 
 July adjourned meeting, i88i. Mr. Deiterich, from special committee in re- 
 lation to court room, reported: - . ;- i . . 
 
 GALESBURG, August i, i88i. ; - 
 To the Honorable Board of Supervisors: 
 
 Your committee, authorized by a resolution passed by this board, to consult 
 the owners of rooms in Galesburg suitable for court rooms, and obtain from 
 them written proposals for rent of said rooms for county purposes, for a term 
 of five years, next ensuing after the present lease for court rooms shall expire, 
 and report said offers to the next meeting of the board. 
 
 In accordance with the spirit of the resolution, we called first to see the 
 owners of the opera hall building, but finding but one of them in, we could ac- 
 complish nothing. Our call, however, was the means of assembling them to- 
 gether subsequently for consultation. At that meeting the subject was fully 
 discussed, and the conclusion reached, that as they have no competition in the 
 premises, they would submit the case to the decision of the board, and in order 
 that all the difficulty of obtaining a conference with all the owners of the build- 
 ing might be removed, they authorized Chas. Brechwald to act as their agent in 
 negotiating with the board of supervisors, and whatever agreement the parties 
 may determine upon, shall be binding on their part. .; ;;:- 
 
74 HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY > 
 
 Upon reaching this conclusion, Mr. Brechwald, in the capacity of agent for 
 all interested, submitted in writing, with his name thereto appended, the propo- 
 sition thus: "\\'e will lease to the county of Knox the needed rooms for county 
 purposes in the opera house building for a term of five years, or less, at the 
 option of the county, at a price of rent per annum that the board of supervisors 
 in its discretion may fix. The rent to cease at any time during the period stated 
 should the people of the county in the meantime build a court house." 
 
 I made three efforts to see John Johnston, Esq., owner of Caledonia Hall, 
 but failed to find him, and finally I asked Mr. Greenleaf to send him to see me, 
 which he did not do, but before leaving home, he wrote a letter and addressed 
 it to the committee, which was sent to me, and in which he made the following 
 proposition : "I will rent to the county of Knox, Caledonia Hall for a term of 
 years (not less than five) at an annual rent of $500." Signed John Johnston. 
 
 As your committee have not agreed upon any special advantages of either 
 of the rooms in question, we submit that matter to the discriminating judgment 
 of the board, and ask that we be discharged from any further special duty in 
 the premises. 
 
 , / G. V. DiETERICH, V 
 
 >, : ' ' R. G. MATHEWS, 
 
 A. G. CHARLES. 
 
 On motion the report of the committee was accepted. 
 
 Mr. Mathews was called upon for report of the special committee, having 
 the matter of adding a second story to the fireproof offices under consideration, 
 so that the board might consider both matters at the same time. j 
 
 Mr. 'Mathews reported as follows : 
 
 GALESBURG, Aug. ist. i88i. 
 Mr. Chairman and Gentlemen of the Board: 
 
 Your committee appointed at our last April meeting to look into the feasi- 
 bility and probable cost of adding a second story to the present county office build- 
 ing, would, after investigation and consultation with architects report as follows: 
 The probable cost would not exceed $i,8cK), and in their opinion would not im- 
 pair the safety of said building. - . - ^ ^' " , : i ] ;. ; , 
 
 , ,v.,.;.:.^:.. . . , , ' :''' '; R. G. MATHEWS/ ;'''";, 
 
 /,.'.>'':'.'' ' . ' . , ' '.'./ A. G. CHARLES, - '/.'\ v' 
 
 ,.^^;;>;.^ '; - ' ' . ". -; ' ' . ' -. L. F. WERTMAN, ' ':;: 
 
 , '/ .'.':;' ' /;' ' - '- ':_' -'^J.. -:''-'-.'-. Committee. -' 
 
 On motion the report of the committee was accepted. ; . 
 
 Mr. May moved that the proposition of Mr. Johnston for the lease of Cale- 
 donia Hall, now known as the "Academy of Music" for five years from the 
 expiration of the present lease of the "Opera House" be accepted. 
 
 Mr. Gale offered the following substitute for Mr. May's motion: \ , . 
 
 Resolred, That there be a committee of five appointed, who shall report to 
 the next meeting of this board plans and estimates for the proposed enlarge- 
 ment of the clerks' offices ; such improvement to be made in such manner as 
 not to impair the fire proof character of the rooms; ^' ' .V I v- V.. ' 
 
 And also to receive definite propositions from the owners of halls, and 
 estimates of the necessary cost to the county of fitting up such rooms ; 
 
 And to report upon the relative advantages of each of such rooms. 
 
';'::; V : :, : ''' HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY . ;: ; / 75 
 
 Mr. May moved to amend the substitute of Mr. Gale by referring the resolu- 
 tion to a committee consisting of the same members of the lx)ard as constituted 
 the committee in relation to addition to fire-proof building and rental of half 
 for court room. . '. 
 
 After some discussion, Mr. Gale suggested the ajjpointment of 'Messrs, 
 Robson, Todd, Charles, Mathews, and the chairman, as the committee under 
 his substitute; which was acceptable to Mr. May, and the resolution, as so ; 
 amended, was accepted by Mr. May, and adopted by the lx>ard. / . 
 
 September meeting, i88l. The special order being the report of special .- ; 
 committee on renting court rooms and building addition to clerks' offices. 
 ' Mr. Robson presented the following report: ;'.'."<." ;.'-:... 
 
 Board of Supervisors September Meeting, i88i. ' : ;: 
 
 Your special committee, to whom was referred the matter of receiving defi- ' 
 nite propositions from the owners of halls suitable for court house purposes, ;- : 
 and estimates of the cost of the county of fitting up such rooms and other / 
 duties, would respectfully report. -. 
 
 Th'at your committee has examined the opera house, which has been cleaned 
 and improved since our last meeting and of its convenience this board is cog- 
 nizant. We find we can rent said room and necessary jury rooms, for the 
 sum of $940 per annum (not including treasurer's office), or at the same rate 
 of rent paid by the city of Galesburg therefor. The lease to terminate at the ; 
 will of the county. 
 
 That we examined the academy of music, and are offered it by Mr. Johnston 
 for the sum of $500 per annum for a term of not less than five years from the 
 first day of February, 1883 ; with authority to make such alterations therein 
 as may be deemed necessary. That we have estimates of the cost of such 
 changes as we thought necessary to accommodate the court and find they can 
 be made for about $400, and we estimate that an additional $100 %vill be needed 
 for heating purposes, which would be an average rental of $600 per annum . 
 for the five years. 
 
 That we examined the commercial college room, and are offered the same. 
 together with three rooms on the second fioor for jury rooms, by the owner, .'. 
 Mr. Allen, for the sum of $500 per annum for the term of five years. The . '- 
 cost of fitting up said rooms would be about the same as the academy of music. 
 
 At the prices named your committee think the academy of music preferable . '; 
 to the other rooms. : 
 
 Your committee would further report, that they have had plans for the - 
 second story addition to the clerks' office, together with plans for iron roof and . 
 iron stairs for said building, drawn, thus providing for maintaining the fire- -,:; 
 proof character of the building, and from estimates received from several / 
 parties as to cost, we find the expense will be not exceeding 5,000, one estimate 
 being less than $4,000. :. . 
 
 That the estimates for said addition with tin roof and wooden stairs, covered ^ .' 
 with tin roof, are from $i,ooo to $1,200 less. . . , ; 
 
 Respectfully submitted, '' v'^- . ; 
 
 ;; WM. ROBSON, y R. G. MATHEWS, ' \f T. J. HALE, ^ v f^- >^ ; 
 ^' A.G.CHARLES, ^. .<."''::.'/ W. B. TODD, . -i',:^v- . ^.vV':'--"' - -^ /-:' v..-::;^''."- .; ' 
 ;...,-' - '..^. . ;.-:''';: -'-;, ....,., .-...'-."".';-''' '"'-^ -^':'- -; Committee. O-'' 
 
76 -ry';- -' HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY ;; ^^ ' ;^ 
 
 Your committee would further report that since preparing the foregoing, 
 they have received another offer from the owners of the opera house, as 
 follows: , . - , ; 
 
 GALESBURG, Sept. 21, i88i. 
 
 The undersigned, representing the proprietors of the opera house building, 
 in the city of Galesburg, hereby offers to the county of Knox to extend the same 
 occupancy and use that the county now has in said opera house building, for 
 court house and court room purposes, beyond the termination of the present 
 lease, for such period as the said county may wish to occupy the same for court 
 house and court room purposes, for the annual rental of five hundred ($500) 
 dollars. C. Brechwald. 
 
 Which they now deem the most advantageous offer. ... 
 
 Respectfully submitted, 
 , ' . WM. RoBSON, 
 
 , ;- , . . A. G. CHARLES, 
 
 ., . .,-_, . , , ' 
 
 Y R- G. MATHEW.S, 
 
 ,. . -v' , . W. B. ToDD, 
 
 ; ..^; T. J. HALE, 
 
 '''' ;^.'.-\ ' '' : ' . ': : Committee. 
 
 On motion of Mr. Dieterich the report of the committee was received. , 
 ' Mr. May offered the following resolution: 
 
 Resolved, That so much of the report relates to the improvement to be made 
 on the record building, and as relates to the rental of the opera house build- 
 ing for five years, be adopted; and that the same committee be continued, and 
 instructed to carry out the plans and provisions of the report and close the 
 contract of lease mentioned. 
 
 Mr. Gale offered the following substitute: ' r. ' - .1 
 
 Resolved. That the offer of the owners of the opera house be accepted, 
 and that the committee be instructed to procure from said owners a contract 
 for the use of the rooms now occupied by the courts for court and jury rooms, 
 for a term beginning with the close of the present term of occupancy by the 
 county, and terminating at the pleasure of the board. . " I . 
 
 The yeas and nays being demanded on the substitute, resulted : 
 
 Yeas Messrs. Boydstun, Latimer, Gale, Dieterich, McKee, Robson, Boyn- 
 ton, Leighton and Fredricks 9. 
 
 Nays .Messrs. Patch, Smith, May, McCallister. Charles, Montgomery, Sum- 
 ner, Rebstock, Wyman, Wertman, Mathews, Shaffer, Sansbury and Todd 14. 
 Substitute lost. 
 
 And the question recurring on the resolution of Mr. May, on motion of Mr. 
 Gale, the resolution was ordered to lie over and be made the special order for 
 two o'clock tomorrow afternoon. ,', ' , ,;.:.: ^^:"'^'''.' ^- i ' 
 
 At two o'clock the board was called to order, the special business being the 
 consideration of the resolution of Mr. May. 
 
 Mr. Dieterich called for a division of the question. Objection being made, 
 the question was voted upon and the division ordered. '.- .; ' . . 
 
 Mr. McKee was called to the chair. ;. '. ' 
 
 Mr. Hale then obtained the fioor, and presented the following as a substitute 
 
: P . V^ ;; HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY : ; 
 
 for that portion of the resolution of Mr. May relating to the enlargement of 
 the county offices: i';':;^^^^^-/::^ :-':; ;.."::'.'-.-'-. 
 
 Resolved, That the present committee be continued, and be instructed to 
 procure necessary plans and specifications and proceed to make contracts with 
 the lowest and best bidder for the enlargement of the county offices by the erec- 
 tion of a second story and the necessary approaches thereto to be erected and 
 completed in such manner as shall be satisfactory to said committee, and at a 
 total cost not exceeding five thousand dollars. 
 
 Mr. May accepted the substitute, and the resolution was adopted. 
 ''' Yeas Messrs. Latimer, Patch, Smith, May, McCallister, Charles, Mont- 
 gomery, Robson, Sumner, Boynton, Rebstock, Wyman, Leighton, Fredricks, 
 Wertman, Mathews, Shaffer, Sansbury, Todd and Hale 20. .,,_,. 
 
 Nays 'Messrs. Boydstun, Gale, Dieterich, McKee and Chambers 5. 
 
 Mr. Hale off^ered the following substitute for the second clause of resolu- 
 tion of Mr. May: :'. ':^:."- V ''^^-r: '::' x"'--;;'/-'; /:.-'. V>^; (:.'".; ^ - 
 
 Resolved, That this board accept the proposal of the proprietors of the 
 opera house building, dated Sept. 2ist, and that the committee be instructed 
 to close up a contract with said proprietors of the opera house building for 
 the occupancy of the same for court house purposes, for a period of not ex- 
 ceeding five years from the termination of present lease, '.v; ... 
 
 Mr. May moved to amend the substitute by striking out the words "not ex- 
 ceeding." Carried. 
 
 Yeas Messrs. Patch, McKee, Smith, May, McCallister, Charles, Mont- 
 gomery, Rebstock, Wyman, Wertman, Mathews, Shaffer, Sansbury and Todd 14, 
 
 Nays Messrs. Boydstun, Latimer, Dieterich, Gale, Chambers, Robson, Sum- 
 ner, Leighton, Fredericks and Hale lo. 
 
 And the substitute as amended was adopted, by the following vote: Yeas 
 Messrs. Boydstun, Patch, Dieterich, Smith, May, McCallister, Charles, Mont- 
 gomery, Robson, Sumner, Rebstock, Wyman, Wertman, Mathews, Shaffer, Sans- 
 bury and Todd 17. 
 
 Nays Messrs. Latimer, Gale, McKee, Chambers, Hale, Leighton, and Fred- 
 ricks 7. V' ' ?:,' 
 >^ Mr. Gale offered the following resolution: .. i /:;/ :,^ ;.;;;;' .;.::.; 
 
 Resolved, That in the judgment of this board the erection of a court house 
 in Knox county should be undertaken at the proper time, with a view to com- 
 pletion six years from the present time. 
 
 That no expense should be incurred in such building except upon thoroughly 
 matured plans, which will secure to the county suitable accommodations at 
 reasonable expense. 
 
 That we recommend to succeeding board the levy of an ani\ual tax of one 
 mill on the dollar valuation, the fund so raised to be kept invested in govern- 
 ment bonds or other suitable securities, and that at a suitable time plans should be 
 procured and fully matured, such plans to be canvassed and acted on by at 
 least two successive boards. 
 
 The yeas and nays being called was adopted: . .r . .- .;' 
 
 Yeas Messrs, Boydstun, Latimer, Patch, Gale, Dieterich, McKee, Chambers, 
 Smith, May, McCallister, Robson, Sumner, Fredricks, Todd and Hale 15. 
 
78 :. HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY ^^"/v:,. 
 
 Nays Messrs. Charles, Montgomery, Rebstock, Wyman, Leighton, Wert- 
 man, Mathews, ShaflFer and Sansbury 9. /.....':: | . !' ; 
 
 December meeting, i88i. Mr. Todd, from special committee on court house 
 and clerk's office reported contract made with the owners of the opera house 
 for court and jury rooms at a rental of $500 per annum when .Mr. Mathews 
 moved that the lease be accepted at the original proposition, and that the chair- 
 man of the board be authorized to execute contract therefor. 
 
 The yeas and nays being called for on Mr. Mathews' motion, it was adopted : 
 ' Yeas Messrs. Boydstun, Latimer, Patch, Chambers, Smith, Townsend, Mc- 
 Callister, Charles, Montgomery, Sumner, Boynton, Rebstock, Wyman, Leighton, 
 Fredricks, Wertman, Mathews, Sansbury and Todd 19. :. 1 : 
 
 Nays -Messrs. Gale and McKee 2. 
 
 January meeting, 1882. Mr. Robson, from special committee on county 
 buildings, made the following report: 
 To the Honorable Board of Supervisors: . :' , -, . - -I , ' 
 
 Your special committee on county buildings, etc., would respectfully report 
 that all matters referred them have been attended to, and recommend that the 
 clerk be directed to issue orders in payment of allowances made. 
 . Your committee report that the addition to the county building has been 
 accepted by them, the same being as nearly completed as the weather would 
 permit ; that of the contract price therefor $4,933.00, the sum of $2,000 was paid 
 by clerk's orders, we recommend that an order now issue to Frost Manufactur- 
 ing Company, the contractors, for $2,900, and that the remainder of contract 
 price, $33 be retained until the work is completed. 
 
 Your committee would further report, that the following extra expenses 
 were incurred in and about said improvements : 
 Frost Manufacturing Company, for plumbing, gas fixtures, repairing and 
 
 painting old shutters $52.18 
 
 A. S. Anderson, repairing brick work of lower story and extra stone work 12.62 
 Babcock & Pierpont, guttering, and conductors for building, and other 
 
 incidental repairs for offices 46.78 
 
 Parry & Stevens, expenses to Chicago and return, and labor on plans and : 
 
 specifications for building iS.OO 
 
 A. J. Perry, 5 days work on plans and specifications for addition to 
 
 clerks' offices 20.00 
 
 ; Respectfully submitted, : .',>-- 
 
 ;':;' . : . .. WM. ROBSON, 
 
 ;'/* ' R. G. MATHEWS, 
 
 ;/ . W. B. TODD, 
 
 ; '"V;^ . . -. A. G. CHARLES, 
 
 '::.::::-^^'^:&' . . . . .../' v\, ';".:/-.' t. J. HALE. ;:;.> 
 
 On motion, the report of the committee was accepted, approved and its 
 reconfmendations concurred in. 
 
 The chairman, as special committee to complete contract for renting the 
 opera house for court purposes, reported that duty performed, and presented 
 the contract. 
 
 On motion of Mr. .Mathews, the report was accepted and approved, and the 
 clerk directed to have said contract of lease recorded. 
 
.v::;/: '/-:':; HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY .'.V i;/;. . 79 
 
 April meeting, 1883. Mr. Gale offered the following resolution and asked 
 that it be referred to the committee on judiciary and clerks' offices. 
 
 Resolved, That the chairman of the committee on judiciary and clerk's offices 
 be authorized to allow the city council of Galesburg to hold their meetings in 
 the county court room on such terms as will indemnify the county for any in- 
 creased expense in case of lighting or heating the room, and in no case to in- 
 terfere with the use of the room for county purposes, such permission to be 
 only until the further pleasure of the board, and at all times revocable. 
 
 The resolution was so referred. .:;', ; :'- s' . 
 
 The following is taken from a report of the committee on judiciary and 
 clerks' offices: 
 
 We recommend the passage of the resolution referred to as authorizing 
 the use of the court room by the city of Galesburg. 
 
 ; September meeting, 1883. Mr. Gale moved that a tax of one mill on the 
 dollar valuation be levied on all taxable property in Knox county in accordance 
 with the following resolution, passed at the September meeting, i88i, of the 
 board of supervisors, viz: 
 
 Resolved, That in the judgment of this board the erection of a court house 
 in Knox county should be undertaken at the proper time with a view to com-, 
 pletion six years from the present time ; that no expense should be incurred in 
 such building except upon thoroughly matured plans which will secure to the 
 county suitable accommodations at reasonable expense; that we recommend to 
 succeeding boards the levy of an annual tax of one mill on the dollar valuation, 
 the fund so raised to be kept invested in government bonds or other suitable 
 securities, and that at a suitable time plans should be procured and fully matured, 
 such plans to be canvassed and acted on by at least two successive boards. 
 
 The ayes and nays being called the vote stood: : :-.-;'.. 
 
 Ayes Latimer, Paden, Gale, Boydstun, Greenleaf , Hawkinson 6. 
 
 Nays Harden, Rankin, May, Eiker, Charles, Montgomery, Allen, Boyn- 
 ton, Rebstock, Wyman, Leighton, Fredricks, Sloan, Mathews, Wilder, Sans-- 
 bury, Todd 17. The motion was declared lost. ' '.::;i"''^ 
 
 The final resolution in relation to the construction of a new court house for 
 the county of Knox offered at the September meeting, 1883 by Mr. W. S. Gale, ' 
 seemed a reasonable one and was offered with the full expectation that it 
 would pass. The use of the opera house for court purposes was never con- 
 venient, nor was it ever considered safe. At the September 1881 meeting of the 
 board, a committee was instructed to procure necessary plans and specifications 
 and proceed to make contracts with the lowest and best bidder for the enlarge- 
 ment of the county offices by the erection of a second story and the approaches 
 thereto etc., at a cost not exceeding five thousand dollars. This work was 
 substantially completed by the January meeting of 1882. A committee of the 
 board had canvassed the city for suitable rooms and conveniences for holding 
 court for five years, which resulted in a new contract with the opera house 
 people, ordered at the September meeting i88i. (It is well to remember that , 
 the opera house burned in the fall of 1883.) It was not contemplated that the 
 circuit court would be held in the so-called fire proof building for there were ^ 
 no jury rooms. It could not be otherwise, therefore, but apparent to every 
 one that a court house was much needed and must soon be built. Neverthe- 
 
80 HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY 
 
 less, the resolution was beaten by a vote of 6 to 17. The disappointment to 
 the friends of the resolution was great. The difficulty was the resolution orig- 
 inated with a Galesburg man whom the county feared. To the county people, 
 the court house was simply an ornament to Galesburg and not many of the 
 
 ': county supervisors cared to act in opposition to that feeling. This was well 
 known to the county officers and they believed that a movement for a new court 
 house originating somewhere in the country would at once be popular and suc- 
 ceed. Acting upon this belief two of the county officers interviewed Mr, 
 Charles P. Sansbury, supervisor of Victoria township, at the close of the Janu- 
 
 . ary meeting 1884, urging him as coming from a distant township, to head such 
 a movement. Mr. Sansbury went home, called a meeting of his constituents, 
 explained to them the full situation and by a unanimous vote, strong resolu- 
 tions were passed endorsing the movement for a new court house, calling upon 
 the board to proceed to build and authorizing Mr. Sansbury to use his in- 
 fluence to aid the accomplishment of the same. This action was approved and 
 
 ! confirmed by the voters of Victoria township at the April election and he was 
 re-elected to the county board and had the pleasure of aiding in the success of 
 the plan to build, as shown by the following action taken at the April meeting 
 1884. 
 
 April meeting, 1884. Dr. Foote offered the following resolution, and moved 
 its adoption: 
 
 Resolved, That Messrs. Sloan, Robson and Gale be appointed a committee 
 to report to the board a resolution for the appointment of a committee on public 
 buildings, whose duty it shall be to take into consideration the propriety of pre- 
 paring plans for the building of a court house, or to consider and report to 
 the board plans for such building. ^^ : '. 
 
 , Mr. May moved to amend by adding "and that said committee be requested 
 ' to report said resolution tomorrow afternoon at 2 o'clock." Carried. . , . ; 
 And thereupon the resolution as amended was adopted. 
 Thursday morning, April 17, 1884. Mr. Gale, in behalf of the committee 
 
 ^ on resolutions in regard to building committee asked leave to report at once. 
 
 y. On motion, leave was granted. 
 
 ' He thereupon reported the following report and resolution: 
 To the Honorable Board of Supervisors of Knox County: 
 ,. Your committee, appointed to draft a resolution appointing a committee on 
 buildings, beg leave to report for the consideration of the board the following 
 resolution. In drafting the resolution the committee have assumed that, how- 
 ever desirable it might be to proceed at an early date with the erection of a 
 court house, the board cannot be prepared to take definite action until after a 
 full and thorough investigation, ascertaining the wants of the county and the 
 best and most satisfactory way of meeting those wants. 
 
 They believe the board are unanimously of the opinion that no serious ex- 
 pense should be incurred and no irrevocable steps be taken until all questions 
 connected with building shall have been fully and freely discussed by the board 
 in full session and an intelligent understanding obtained; and that building 
 shall not begin until after full and complete plans are agreed by the board and 
 reliable estimates of the cost obtained. 
 
 Resolved, That there be appointed a committee on public buildings, whose 
 
X COLLEGE FOR LINCO 
 
 SCENE OF THE LINCOLN-DOUGLAS DEBATE 
 
 The fifth of the seven debates between Abraham Lincoln and Stephen A. Douglas was held at Gales- 
 
 " , and was 
 ieth anni- 
 
 1 lie IIILII UI IIIC &CVCI1 UCUdlCa UCIWCCII ^n Ul ct Iliilll 1^III(.U1II dllu ^^ICCIICll .'A. L^UUKK^S W<aa IICIU 
 
 burg Oct. 7, 1858, on a platform erected on the eaft side of the main building of Knox College, and was 
 listened to by a great multitude of people, over a thousand of whom were still living at the fifti 
 
 versary celebration in 1908. 
 
80 vV. HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY ; : :. 
 
 . >^ 
 
 less, the resolution was beaten by a vote of 6 to 17. The disappointment to 
 the friends of the resolution was great. The difficulty was the resolution orig- 
 inated with a Galesburg man whom the county feared. To the county people, 
 the court house was simply an ornament to Galesburg and not many of the 
 county supervisors cared to act in opposition to that feeling. This was well 
 known to the county officers and they believed that a movement for a new court 
 house originating somewhere in the country would at once be popular and suc- 
 ceed. Acting upon this belief two of the county officers interviewed Mr. 
 Charles P. Sansbury, supervisor of X'ictoria township, at the close of the Janu- 
 ary meeting 1884, urging him as coming from a distant township, to head such 
 a movement. 'Mr. Sansbury w'ent home, called a meeting of his constituents, 
 explained to them the full situation and by a unanimous vote, strong resolu- 
 tions were passed endorsing the movement for a new court house, calling upon 
 the board to proceed to build and authorizing Mr. Sansbury to use his in- 
 fluence to aid the accomplishment of the same. This action was approved and 
 confirmed by the voters of Mctoria township at the April election and he was 
 re-elected to the county board and had the pleasure of aiding in the success of 
 the plan to build, as shown by the following action taken at the April meeting 
 1884. 
 
 April meeting, 1884. Dr. Foote offered the following resolution, and moved 
 its adoption : 
 
 Rcsohed, That Messrs. Sloan, Robson and Gale be appointed a committee 
 to report to the board a resolution for the appointment of a committee on public 
 buildings, whose duty it shall be to take into consideration the propriety of pre- 
 paring plans for the building of a court house, or to consider and report to 
 the board plans for such building. 
 
 Mr. May moved to amend by adding "and that said committee be requested 
 to report said resolution tomorrow afternoon at 2 o'clock." Carried, i 
 
 And thereupon the resolution as amended was adopted. 
 
 Thursday morning, April 17, 1884. Mr. Gale, in behalf of the committee 
 on resolutions in regard to building committee asked leave to report at once. 
 
 On motion, leave was granted. 
 
 He thereupon reported the following report and resolution : 
 To the Honorable Board of Snpcn'isors of Knox County: 
 
 Your committee, appointed to draft a resolution appointing a committee on 
 buildings, beg leave to report for the consideration of the board the following 
 resolution. In drafting the resolution the committee have assumed that, how- 
 ever desirable it might be to proceed at an early date with the erection of a 
 court house, the board cannot be prepared to take definite action until after a 
 full and thorough investigation, ascertaining the wants of the county and the 
 best and most satisfactory way of meeting those wants. 
 
 They believe the board are unanimously of the opinion that no serious ex- 
 pense should be incurred and no irrevocable steps be taken until all questions 
 connected with building shall have been fully and freely discussed by the board 
 in full session and an intelligent understanding obtained ; and that building 
 shall not begin until after full and complete plans are agreed by the board and 
 reliable estimates of the cost obtained. 
 
 Resolved, That there be appointed a committee on public buildings, whose 
 
ox COLLEGE FOR LINCOLF 
 
 SCKNE OF THE LINCOLN-DOUGLAS DKBATE 
 
 The fifth of the seven debates between Abraham Lincoln and Stephen A. Douglas was held at Gales- 
 burg Oct. 7. 1858. on a platform erected on the eart side of the main building of Knox College, and was 
 listened to by a great multitude of people, over a thousand of whom were still living at the fiftieth anni- 
 versary celebration in 1908. 
 
HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY % 81 
 
 duty it shall be to take into consideration the propriety of preparing plans for 
 building a court house; to inquire into the requirements of the county for the 
 proper accommodation of courts and county officers; to inquire into the cost 
 and relative advantages of available materials for building; and if in the opinion 
 of the committee desirable, to procure plans and estimates of a suitable building, 
 which can be erected at a cost not exceeding $100,000, to ascertain what disposal 
 can be advantageously made of the building now occupied by the county offices, 
 by sale to the city or otherwise, leaving possession in the county until other 
 accommodations can be secured; to report to the board at its next regular 
 meeting, or at any meeting, which may be sooner called, whatever progress shall 
 have been made. That the committee be appointed by the chair with the 
 approval of the board, one member to be selected from each of the districts 
 as constituted by the resolution creating the committee on equalization. 
 
 /,.; '''-'v' ^.. v-.;;; :;'-'V;:>-'., JOHN SLOAN, ''\:.,^-'.':!.. 
 
 ' ' '' 
 
 W. SELDEN GALE. \ .. 
 
 -,..'<-,. 
 
 Mr. Latimer moved the adoption of the resolution. , ; . .- 
 
 Mr. May offered the following as a substitute: ; V 'v ;. 
 
 Resolved, That the question whether measures should not be adopted in- 
 volving expense to the county, for the purpose of beginning the erection of a 
 court house in this county, is a question properly belonging to the people of 
 Knox county to decide; and that a good and sufficient building can and ought 
 to be erected and finished, ready for use, for a sum not greater than $100,000, 
 and should by no means cost to exceed that amount. Therefore, 
 
 Resolved, That the supervisors are hereby instructed to give the proper notice 
 so that the several townships will, at the annual spring election next April, vote 
 for or against the erection of a new court house building, the cost of which, 
 when completed, shall not exceed $100,000. ' ; . : .''^ 
 
 Mr. Gale objected to the substitute as not being germain to the subject 
 
 The chairman ruled that the substitute was in order, and thereupon thd ayes 
 and nays were called on the substitute with the following result. 
 : Ayes 'May, Clark, Charles, Montgomery, Rebstock, Wyman, Parker, Todd 
 8. 
 
 Nays Harden, Latimer, Paden, Gale, Cooke, Olson, McKee, Foote, Rankin, 
 Robson, Allen, Townsend, Boynton, Leighton, Andrews, Sloan, Sansbury 17. 
 The substitute was lost. . -, i 
 
 The ayes and nays were after a full discussion of the question called on the 
 resolution of Mr. Gale and resulted as follows: 
 
 Ayes Harden, Latimer, Paden, Gale, Cooke, Olson, McKee, Foote, Rankin,"* 
 Townsend, Robson, Allen, Boynton, Leighton, Andrews, Sloan, Sansbury 17. 
 
 Nays May, Clark, Charles, Montgomery, Rebstock, Wyman, Parker, Todd 
 
 ' 
 
 .., 
 
 The resolution declared adopted. 
 
 In pursuance of the resolution adopted yesterday, the chairman announced 
 the following committee on public buildings: Messrs. Sloan, Robson, Gale, 
 Charles, Harden, Leighton. 
 
 The first point now to be considered was what shall be the plan of the new 
 building. Immediately after the adjournment of the board, -Mr. W. Selden Gale 
 
82 . HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY 
 
 called on the writer, who was then county clerk, and the arrangement of the 
 rooms thoroughly considered. It was agreed that the circuit clerk should have 
 two rooms, one as clerk and one as recorder, with door between and that the 
 sheriff's office should open into the office of the circuit clerk; that the county 
 . clerk should have a large office and a work room and that the office of the 
 county judge should be adjacent to and opening into the county clerk's office. 
 The office of the treasurer and superintendent of schools were also provided for 
 on the first floor. The county and circuit court rooms and state's attorneys' 
 office were provided for on the second floor. The supervisors' and jury rooms 
 put on the third floor. With these ideas as a starting point, Mr. Gale went 
 home and the next day returned to the county clerk with the plan worked out, 
 substantially as the building was erected. The committee was called together 
 and approved the plan. The committee thought it advisable to employ an 
 architect to come to Galesburg and develop a general design and work out the 
 details under their inspection and so called a Mr. Hackney of Des Moines, Iowa 
 to Galesburg, who undertook the work. This soon proved unsatisfactory. The 
 committee let Mr. Hackney go and at once advertised for plans, based on the 
 sketch made by Mr. Gale. This resulted in a number of designs from different 
 architects, which were submitted -at the July meeting 1884, and upon which 
 the following action was taken. 
 
 July meeting, 1884. Mr. Gale stated that the building committee had given 
 considerable attention to the matters referred to it, but were not ready to report; 
 that there were in attendance several architects with designs for court houses, 
 which the committee would like to examine, and he asked that the committee 
 might be excused from the board for a time, to further consider these plans and 
 other matters connected with building. . I ;:.'' 
 
 On motion of Mr. Latimer the building committee was excused. 
 
 1:30 P. M. The building committee asked for further time in which to 
 examine plans and other matters connected with court house construction. 
 
 On motion of Mr. May the matter was referred back to the committee with 
 instructions to report to the board in two weeks. | ; .. 
 
 Adjourned meeting July 28, 1884. Mr. Gale in behalf of the building com- 
 mittee, asked that said committee be excused during the reading of the record 
 and of the bills, as they had some matters to arrange before making a report. 
 
 On motion of Mr. McKee the request was granted. {-^ X. 
 
 Mr. May stated that the building committee at the meeting of July 14, re- 
 ported that they had not agreed upon a plan for court house, and asked that 
 they be authorized to select a plan and make the contracts, or that the board 
 grant them more time in which to report a plan to the board, whereas the record 
 simply shows that the committee asked for more time. He desired the record 
 to show the facts. 
 
 By agreement the matter was postponed until the building committee should 
 be present. 
 
 The building committee having entered, the matter of the correction of the 
 record suggested by Mr. May was brought up. 
 
 Mr. Gale having made an explanation of the matter, moved that the record 
 as written by the clerk stand approved. Carried. 
 
 Mr. Gale read the following report of the building committee: .,; 
 
HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY 
 
 To the Honorable Board of Supervisors: 
 
 The building committee have received and considered the several plans sub- 
 mitted to them by architects in attendance. 
 
 Of these plans they recommend to the consideration of the board as their 
 preference the plan submitted by E. E. Myers, of Detroit, the character of the 
 building being fully described in the plans, sketches, estimates and statements 
 herewith submitted. 
 
 The estimated cost of the building (furniture and heating apparatus not 
 included) built of brick with trimmings of cut stone and terra cotta is about 
 $90,000. And in the opinion of the committee it can be built in the manner 
 described for a sum within, or not much exceeding the estimate. 
 
 The committee are of opinion that the same designs are with slight modifi- 
 cation well adapted to stone construction, and may be erected in stone, the 
 walls in rock-faced Gladstone stone, or Bedford stone with cut stone trimmings, 
 for an additional cost of .about six thousand dollars. 
 
 The committee are of opinion that the stone construction if stone from 
 Gladstone quarries can be obtained or equally satisfactory stone can be else- 
 where obtained at a reasonable cost, will give best satisfaction to the board and 
 to the public. 
 
 They recommend that the committee be authorized to employ Col. Myers 
 to prepare plans and specifications of the building, substantially as described 
 both in brick and stone construction, preparatory to advertising for contracts. 
 
 The employment to be upon the condition that in case the building cannot 
 be let after due advertisement to responsible parties who will promptly come 
 forward and secure the performance of their contracts to the satisfaction of 
 the board for the sum of one hundred thousand dollars, or such sum not ex- 
 ceeding one hundred thousand dollars as the architect and committee may agree 
 on, such plan shall not be accepted or paid for, except at the option of the board. 
 
 And if the plans and specifications shall be in any way deficient or incom- 
 plete, the said Myers shall be liable for all loss or damage or extra expense oc- 
 casioned by such defect or omission. 
 
 And that the committee be authorized to advertise for bids for construction. 
 
 W. SELDEN GALE, A. G. CHARLES, 
 
 - ::^ ;;:/;;.' >:'^ WM. ROBSON, WM. H. LEIGHTON, '/^ 
 
 V :;S\ '.' JOHN SLOAN, M. B. HARDEN. ';,-,.. i;;^ 
 
 Mr. Gale 'also read the following letter from the architect in regard to the 
 character of the proposed building: 
 
 GALESBURG, ILL., July 25, 1884. 
 To the Hon. Board of Supervisors, Galesburg, III,: ; 
 
 GENTLEMEN : The design I have submitted for your new court house is for 
 a first-class fire-proof building, built of the best and most substantial materials 
 and workmanship, the foundation to be of stone, laid in hydraulic cement mortar. 
 The basement will contain all the water closets, wash basins, the steam heating 
 and ventilating apparatus. The plans of each story will contain the several 
 apartments for all the county offices, court rooms, etc., and to be of the several 
 sizes and forms as shown upon the plans. The exterior parts of the building 
 will be of pressed brick, terra cotta and cut stone for all the surfaces above 
 the basement or first floor line; the basement wall above the grade line will be 
 
84 . HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY . 
 
 rock face work; all cornices, belt courses and sills will be cut stone, except 
 such portions thereof as are shown to be terra cotta. The floors of all apart- 
 ments in each story will be iron beams, with brick arches, to be turned between 
 the beams, and concreted up solid to receive either the wood or encaustic tile 
 floors. The entire frame work of the roof and tower will be wrought iron, 
 and have iron arches between the beams, and concreted up solid to receive the 
 slates of the roof. The entire roof will be covered with extra heavy slate; 
 all gutters and valleys to be lined with the best quality and grade of tin. The 
 stairs will be made of cast-iron. The galleries in the circuit court room will 
 be supported on wrought iron girders concealed within the gallery fronts. The 
 ceiling of this court room will be stained glass sky-light placed within a curved 
 dome, which will afford a direct vertical light either in day-time, or at night, 
 the light being placed over the sky-light. The outer sky-light will be made of 
 heavy hammered glass. The outside door sills will be granite surfaces, patent 
 axe-flnish. The steps should be by all means made of the same material, as 
 it is the best that can be used for such purposes, where the material is sub- 
 jected, not only to so great a wear and tear, but this material in so exposed a 
 surface is decidedly the best to resist not only the uses, but also the action of 
 the elements. All the interior finish of the basement will be long-leaf, best 
 quality, yellow pine. All the interior finish of the first and second stories will 
 be red oak. The finish of the third story will be long-leaf yellow pine, the surface 
 finished in oil and varnish. The glass used in all the windows will be the best 
 quality French plate-glass, full quarter inch thick. The floors of the corridors 
 will be encaustic tile. The floors of all offices, court rooms and galleries will 
 be long-leaf yellow pine, bedded solid on the concrete, and secured to the floor 
 strips with secret nailing. All the walls will be built of brick, laid in a mortar 
 composed of hydraulic lime and hydraulic cement mortar. Pressed brick should 
 be laid with what is termed a steel tucked joint, using glazier's black putty 
 for the tucking of the work ; all the backing of the pressed brick, will be brick 
 laid in cement mortar. All interior walls to be hard burned brick laid in cement 
 mortar. This building can be erected, using first class workmanship and mate- 
 rials for one hundred thousand dollars, ($100,000). Should you desire to use 
 in place of pressed brick for the outer walls, rock-faced stone work or scratch 
 mason-work, using either Sagetown marble, Indiana stone, from Elliottsville, 
 or Ohio blue sand stone, the cost of the structure will be increased about six 
 thousand dollars ($6,000), making a total cost of one hundred and six thousand 
 dollars. You can rely upon getting a structure of first-class character, and 
 of a style of architecture and finish that will not be in any respect inferior to 
 any of the first-class modern court houses erected in your state. 
 
 The building, either built of pressed brick or stone, will be one of the hand- 
 somest structures in your state, and in no wise be inferior either in style or 
 finish to any of such buildings. 
 
 Yours truly, E. E. MYERS. 
 
 Mr. Latimer moved that the report of the committee be adopted and its 
 recommendations concurred in. .- : , . - ;. i 
 
 ' , -, I 
 
 Mr. May moved to amend that the report be accepted and the committee 
 discharged. 
 
 Amendment withdrawn. , .- : :. . , v ".^:; :>/;.;-; 
 
., ,; :.: j . J- >'. HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY : . 86 
 
 Mr. Rebstock moved that the report be accepted, except its recommendations. 
 Lost. 
 
 On motion of -Mr. McKee, the board adjourned until tomorrow morning at 
 lo o'clock. 
 
 / Wednesday morning July 30, 1884. Board met pursuant to adjournment. 
 .- Present Hon. R. G. Mathews, chairman. 
 
 Supervisors Harden, Latimer, Paden, Gale, Cooke, Olson, McKee, Rankin, 
 May, Clark, Charles, Montgomery, Allen, Boynton, Rebstock, Wyman, Leigh- 
 ton, Andrews, Sloan, Parker, Sansbury, Todd. 
 
 ; The chairman stated that the matter for consideration was the motion of Mr. 
 Latimer to adopt the report of the building committee and concur in its recom- 
 mendation. 
 
 After full discussion and explanation of the matter, the motion of Mr, 
 Latimer was carried. / , ' 
 
 /; Mr. McKee offered the following resolution and moved its adoption: 
 
 Resolved, That the present building committee be constituted a permanent 
 building committee, whose duty it shall be to advertise for bids for building a 
 court house, which bids, when received, are to be opened when the board is in 
 session, for the consideration of the board, and to perform all other duties per- 
 taining to the building of a court house. ,.> , --. 
 
 Resolution adopted. 
 ; ; Mr. Gale offered the following resolution, which was adopted: 
 
 Resolved, That the chairman of the board be authorized to contract with the 
 city of Galesburg, or its authorized agent for the sale of the county building, and 
 lot occupied by clerks' offices and other uses for the sum of $10,000. The pos- 
 session to be retained by the county until the completion of the new court house, 
 allowing the city to make such use of the building as may not inconvenience the 
 county officers. The purchase money to be paid when called for, whenever the 
 contract for the completion of the court house shall be made, and $30,000 ex- 
 pended in the erection. The contract to be rescinded at the option of either 
 party, if no commencement shall be made of the building befbre the first day of 
 January next, and that the building committee be directed not to incur any con- 
 siderable expense in preparing to build until the completion of this contract. 
 
 The bill of Mr. W. F. Hackney amounting to $420.25, for preparing plans, 
 and other services for the building committee, was read and referred to the 
 committee on judiciary and clerks' offices. . 
 
 Mr. Gale requested to be excused from the committee while considering the 
 bill, and moved that Mr. Latimer be substituted in his place. Carried. 
 
 Mr. Todd read the following report of the judiciary committee on the bill of 
 Mr. Hackney. ?' ' 
 To the Honorable Board of Supervisors: . -y 
 
 Your committee on judiciary and clerks' offices would respectfully report 
 that we have examined the bill of W. F. Hackney, and accompanying papers, 
 and we recommend that he be paid $120.25 in full of bill presented amounting 
 to $420.25. Respectfully submitted, ; . 
 
 ., . ' /: ;v;, ..- J. W. At,LEN, J. S. LATIMER, J./V\, 
 
 . \ ; - ; V : I ^ ^ JAMES REBSTOCK, W. B. TODD. ;';"/:L 
 
 "^'- ':';'';';;: 'v;--t-'"'V/'U>.:-'-:.^'v- . M. D. COOKE, ,v., >~r-;;-' 
 
^(lav;. HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY | y 
 
 On motion of Mr. Harden, the foregoing report was adopted, and its rec- 
 ommendations concurred in. 
 
 , September meeting, 1884. Mr, Gale offered the following resolution and 
 moved that it be referred to the miscellaneous committee: 
 
 Resolved, That it is the opinion of the board of supervisors, that it is for the 
 interest, comfort and convenience of the people of the county that the vicinity 
 of the court house and the usually traveled route from the depot to the court 
 house, and from the court house to the business portion of the city, should be 
 kept free from the presence of dram shops and their disagreeable accompani- 
 ments; that this board respectfully call the attention of the city council of 
 Galesburg to the subject, and ask the council to consider the propriety of tak- 
 ing immediate action, before vested interests opposed to such action intervene, 
 to prevent the establishment of dram shops in the vicinity of the court house 
 park, on Broad street between the park and the public square, and on either 
 route from the depot to the court house park by way of South street or Tomp- 
 kins street ; that the clerk of the board be directed to present a copy of this reso- 
 lution to the city council. 
 
 September meeting, 1884. Mr. Gale asked leave to submit the following 
 report of the building committee. 
 To the Honorable, the Board of Supervisors: ; 
 
 GENTLEMEN : The committee on buildings beg leave to report that they did 
 on the 1st day of August contract with E. E. Myers in accordance with the in- 
 structions of the board, passed at the last meeting; that since that time Col. 
 Myers has been employed in preparing plans and specifications. The committee 
 have not advertised for bids for material and construction for the reason that 
 the plans and specifications have not been completed. The committee are now 
 advised that the plans and specifications will be completed on the I5th day of 
 this month, and the committee recommend that they be directed to advertise at 
 once for bids for materials and construction, such bids to be examined by the 
 board on the 3d of October. ; , 
 
 * ',; ' ^^ : ' W. SELDEN GALE, 
 
 '*;^. ..:',' '^.y. .' -' -^ ;":;':'''''''> W. H. LEIGHTON, ;; 
 
 '';^'".\--":^-:'''t:V '.;.: . ''..''..;''.''''.:''' JOHN SLOAN, 
 
 '':':,''.' ''.'', '' '.:"-:,';/':' u.'; A. G. CHARLES, 
 
 M. B. HARDEN. 
 
 : On motion, the report was adopted and its recommendations concurred in. 
 . On motion of Mr. Gale, it was ordered that when this board adjourn it 
 adjourns to meet October 3d, 1884. 
 
 Adjourned Meeting Oct. 3d, 1884. Board met pursuant to adjournment. 
 Called to order by clerk. 
 
 Present: Messrs. Harden, Latimer, Paden, Gale, Foote, Cooke, McKee, 
 Olson, Rankin, May, Townsend, Robson, Allen, Wyman, Leighton, Andrews, 
 Parker and Todd. . , - 
 
 On motion of Mr. Gale, Mr. Paden was elected temporary chairman.' 
 On motion of Mr. Gale, the time in which to file bids for the construction 
 of a new court house was extended to one-thirty P. M. 
 :^ On motion the board adjourned to one-thirty P. M. 
 : One-thirty P. -M. Board called to order by chairman Mathews. 
 
HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY : 87 
 
 Present same as this forenoon, with Messrs. Charles, Sloan, Clark, Mont- 
 gomery, Boynton, Rebstock and Sansbury. 
 
 The clerk read a portion of the minutes of the meeting of September lOth, 
 when, on motion, the reading was suspended, and, on motion, the clerk pro- 
 ceeded to open bids for the construction of a court house, which were as 
 follows : 
 
 The Young & Farrell Diamond Stone Sawing Co., Brick $183,804.97 
 
 Thomas & Hugh Caldwell, Stone 155,099.50 
 
 '. ' ; Same, Brick 152,459.00 
 
 Same, Brick, with Ohio Sand Stone Trimmings 148,059.00 
 
 Parry & Stevens, Stone 133,000.00 
 
 Same, Brick 128,000.00 
 
 Fire Proof Construction Co., Hollow Tile Arches 4,303.20 
 
 ; Union Foundry and Pullman Car Wheel Works, Iron Work.. 26,600.00 
 -. A. Wallbaum & Co., Stone Work Complete 35,600.00 
 
 On motion of Dr. Foote the bids were referred to the building committee. 
 
 On motion said committee were permitted to retire for the purpose of re- 
 porting on said bids. 
 
 The building committee entered and Mr. Gale read the following report: 
 
 The committee have examined the bids referred to them, and are of opinion 
 that it is not for the interest of the county to accept either of the bids. They 
 recommend a further advertisement for bids to be opened on October 24th. 
 ;.^' i^t Vi v- V ' -V V W. S. GALE, Chairman. 
 
 On motion the foregoing report was adopted and its recommendation con- 
 curred in. 
 
 Adjourned Sept. Meeting October 24, 1884. Board met pursuant to ad- 
 journment. Present: Hon. R. G. Mathews, chairman. . ' 
 
 Supervisors: Messrs. Harden, Latimer, Paden, Gale, Foote, Cooke, McKee, 
 Olson, Rankin, May, Clark, Charles, Montgomery, Boynton, Wyman, Sloan, 
 Parker, Sansbury, Todd. 
 
 The minutes of the proceedings of October 3d were read and approved. 
 
 A recess was taken to await the arrival of absent supervisors. 
 
 Messrs. Robson, Allen, Leighton and Andrews having entered the board 
 was called to order, and on motion, the clerk proceeded to open and read the 
 bids for the construction of a new court house as follows: 
 Robert C. Greenlee, in best Ohio blue stone for exterior, with Joliet . . ,../ .-- ; 
 or lime stone for foundation, corrugated iron arches for ceilings, 
 except for corridors and court rooms, where hollow tile will 
 
 be used $ 1 19444 
 
 Charles Ballance, cut-stone trimmings of Bedford, Indiana, stone. . 13,900 
 
 Of Berea, Ohio, sand-stone delivered on cars at Galesburg 14,600 
 
 Will cut and deliver rubbed ashler at building at 45 cts. 
 per superficial foot, and will use ornamental stone in place 
 of terra cotta for $5,000 extra. V 
 
 Thos. & H. Colwell, using Sagetown marble 145,000 
 
 Ohio blue stone, band, pier and bearing blocks 150,000 
 
 Pressed brick and terra cotta 142,500 
 
 Wallbaum Stone and Mining Co. dressed stone for stone building. . 21,000 
 
88 HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY /j 
 
 Same for brick building 16,000 
 
 Bassett & Beaver, plumbing and gas fitting 1,200 
 
 Peter G. Straub & Co., all stone work for a stone building, using 
 -., Berea sand stone above grade line, and Joliet or Gladstone 
 
 ; , below grade 44,800 
 
 Parry & Stevens, for brick building 120,000 
 
 For stone building 125,000 
 
 Will use Bedford stone trimmings and Ohio sand stone for ashler 
 
 ... work ioT 128,000 
 
 . .7. Or, if the. county will furnish cut stone on cars at Galesburg, 
 
 c:u all .iron, in .place. in the .building, all brick on the ground, all 
 ;'V. glass,, and .door and window trimmings, all tile for floors, 
 
 and .hollow tile in place in building, will do balance for. . . . 64,000 
 
 Dawson & Anderson, the exterior of building to be all of stone from 
 
 Bedford, Ind,, or Ohio blue stone, fire proof arches to be cor- 
 
 3J rugated iron except over court rooms, which will be hollow tiles, 
 
 :?': window sash to be hung with best silver lake braided cord, for 
 
 the sum of 114,311.52 
 
 Sagetown or Joliet stone 1 19,000.00 
 
 Press brick and terra cotta ; 1 1 1,000.00 
 
 John C. Allen, press brick, stone trimmings I28,633.oa 
 
 Stone, facings 131,000.00 
 
 '':. .''' Will furnish and set ashler work for 50 cents each super- 
 r.'... ficial foot, and use stone in place of terra cotta for $5,000 
 
 additional. 
 The Young and Farrell Diamond Stone Sawing Co., Salem, Ind., 
 
 stone building 160,084.00 
 
 Ohio sand stone building 161,584.00 
 
 Brick building 154,840.00 
 
 Green Serpentine stone 173,084.00 
 
 On motion of Mr. Latimer, the foregoing bids were referred to the building 
 committee. 
 
 On motion, the board adjourned until half-past one o'clock. .;; 
 
 One-thirty P.M. Board called to order by the chairman. . : ;.C:: . 
 Present the same as this morning. \- 
 
 Mr. Gale read the following report of the building committee: ' 
 To the Honorable Board of Supervisors: 
 Your committee on buildings beg leave to report that they have examined the 
 several bids referred to them, and they find the bid of Dawson & Anderson the 
 lowest and best bid. 
 
 This bid being, in stone construction, $114,311.52, and in brick construction, 
 $111,000. '-v ;V I" ---:-- ^V:\ 
 
 The next lowest and best bid is that of Robert C. Greenlee, $119,444 in 
 stone. 
 
 They recommend the acceptance and approval of the bid of Dawson & 
 Anderson for stone construction, and that the committee be directed to con- 
 clude a contract with Dawson & Anderson for the erection of the court house, 
 to be completed September ist, 1886. The committee are satisfied that these 
 
HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY : 89 
 
 bids are as low as the board can expect for this building, and are satisfied that 
 the bidders are men of character and responsibility. They are further of the 
 opinion that the building, if completed according to the plans, will be a credit 
 to" the county, and they do not believe it is for the interest of the county to 
 reduce either the size or character of the building. 
 
 W. SELDEN GALE, W. H. .LEIGHTON, 
 
 :^;-'- .ti-?-:--V:-i -;.';:. ^ WM. ROBSON, A. G. CHARLES, 
 
 M. B. HARDEN, JOHN SLOAN. 
 
 Moved by Dr. Foote, that the foregoing report be accepted and its recom- 
 mendations concurred in. 
 
 Ayes and Nays demanded by Mr. McKee. . . .'. _: 
 
 The roll being called, resulted as follows : 
 
 Ayes Harden, Latimer, Paden, Gale, Foote, Cooke, Olson, Charles, Robson, 
 Allen, Boynton, Leighton, Andrews, Sloan, Sansbury and Todd, i6. 
 
 Nays McKee, Rankin, May, Clark, Montgomery, Wyman and Parker, 7. 
 Motion adopted. 
 
 And thereupon, said committee entered into a contract with Dawson & 
 Anderson of Toledo, Ohio, for the construction of the court house according to 
 the full plans and specifications prepared by said architect, E. E. Myers, of 
 Detroit, Michigan, and on file with the county clerk. ';: 
 
 Said contractors immediately made preparations to begin the work of con- 
 struction and in pursuance thereof, the ground for said building was broken 
 October 26, 1884, and before building preparations were suspended on account 
 of cold weather, the footings, and quite a portion of the foundation, were put in. 
 :, January Meeting, 1885. Mr. Gale read the following report of the building 
 committee : 
 To the Hon., the Board of Supervisors of Knox County, January Meeting, 
 
 GENTLEMEN : Your building committee beg leave to report that upon the 
 day after the close of the October meeting they proceeded to locate the court 
 house. That immediately after work was commenced by the contractor, and 
 between that time and the second Wednesday of December the excavation for 
 the building was made, the trenches for the outside walls and a portion of the 
 inside walls were dug and filled with concrete and covered with footing stone. 
 
 A considerable amouot of material for the foundation is collected upon the 
 ground. Since the date last mentioned^ no work has been done, it being thought 
 better for the interests of the county and the contractor to suspend operations 
 till settled weather in the spring. By the terms of the contract, the contractor 
 is entitled on the second Wednesday of each month to receive from the county 
 payment for the work done up to that time, less lo per cent, and less amounts 
 already paid. No provision was made by the board at the last meeting to meet 
 such payments, unless the very general authority given to the committee might 
 be considered as authorizing them to order payment. 
 
 It appears that the contractor had expended about $2,500 prior to the second 
 Wednesday of December. It was thought desirable to avoid the expense of a 
 
90 HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY L 
 
 special meeting of the board, and the committee took the responsibility of ad- 
 vising the issuing by the clerk and payment by the treasurer of orders to the 
 amount of $i,8oo to the contractors. They also procured the clerk to issue 
 to the chairman of the committee an order for $14.65 to cover the incidental 
 expenses incurred by the committee since its appointment. 
 
 The committee ask the approval of the board of their action in making pay- 
 tnents, and desire that some provision may be made to provide for payments 
 coming due during the interval of the meetings of the board. They recommend 
 the passage of a resolution that the clerk be authorized to issue to the contractor 
 on court house orders for such amounts as by the terms of the contract the 
 contractors are entitled to receive, upon the request of the building committee. 
 
 They also advise that the building committee be authorized to appoint a super- 
 intendent of the work. It is well understood that the work cannot be allowed to 
 proceed with safety to the county except under the constant supervision of a 
 capable and reliable builder. During the progress of the work already per- 
 formed, the committee requested Samuel J. Parry to take temporary charge and 
 it being from day to day doubtful how far the work would proceed without 
 interruption by winter weather, it was for the time found necessary, the price 
 named by Mr. Parry as satisfactory to him was 50 cents per hour for the time 
 actually spent. ; ,. ' 
 
 . . W. SELDEN GALE, A. G. CHARLES, 
 
 V. WM. RoBSON, W. H. LEIGHTON, 
 
 M. B. HARDEN, JOHN SLOAN. 
 
 .; On motion of Mr. Latimer, the foregoing report was accepted and its recom- 
 mendations concurred in. 
 
 April Meeting, 1885. Mr. Gale offered the following resolution which was 
 adopted and its recommendation concurred in. 
 
 RESOLVED: That the building committee be directed to procure suitable 
 plans of the heating apparatus for the new court house and advertise for bids 
 for its construction, such bids to be opened and passed upon by the board at 
 the July meeting. 
 
 July Meeting, 1885. On motion of Mr. Gale, the building committee was 
 authorized to make such temporary arrangement for jury and circuit rooms as 
 may be necessary, and that the sheriff be directed to have the telephone now at 
 the opera house, moved to the county court room. 
 
 On motion of Mr. Gale the opening of the bids for steam heating at new 
 court house was made the special order for tomorrow at ii o'clock a. m. ^ I , .. 
 
 Mr. Gale read the following additional report of the building committee: 
 To the Honorable Board of Supervisors: 
 
 The building committee desire to call the attention of the board to the neces- 
 sity of the construction of a cistern for rain water at the court house, and the 
 importance of undertaking it while the ground is comparatively free from water. 
 They have not given the subject the consideration necessary to express an 
 opinion as to the necessary capacity of the cistern, but recommend that the 
 
 :'";. X "''^''..'j', ;'.':./ 
 
HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY 91 
 
 committee be directed to procure the construction of a cistern of such size and 
 at such time as they may think best. 
 
 W. SELDEN GALE, JOHN SLOAN, 
 
 ^ ; ; W. RoBSON, M. B. HARDEN, 
 
 R. W. MILES, WM. H. LEIGHTON. 
 
 On motion of Dr. Foote the foregoing report was accepted and its recom- 
 mendations concurred in. 
 
 The chairman called Mr. Harden to preside while he read the following 
 report: .; ; ; 
 
 To the Honorable Board of Supervisors: 
 
 The undersigned, who, by virtue of a resolution of your honorable body at 
 the July meeting, 1884, was made special committee to dispose of the county 
 building to the city of Galesburg, would beg leave to oflfer the following report : 
 That he conferred with the honorable mayor of the city of Galesburg, who was 
 empowered by the city council to act for the city, and that the city attorney at 
 our dictation drew a contract selling to the city the county's interest in said build- 
 ing and lot for a consideration of $10,000, the money to become due when $30,- 
 ooo was actually expended in the erection of the new court house, the county to 
 retain possession until the completion of the same, the city of Galesburg to have 
 such present use of said county building as would not inconvenience the county. 
 Said contract was duly signed and placed on record by Mayor Stewart for the 
 city of Galesburg, and by the undersigfned for Knox county, August 14, 1884. 
 
 R. G. MATHEWS. 
 
 On motion of Mr. Miles the foregoing report was accepted and the clerk 
 directed to place the same on record. 
 
 Mr. Gale read the following corrected report of the building committee on 
 steam heating : . 
 
 To the Honorable Board of Supervisors: 
 
 The building committee beg leave to report the following substitute on steam 
 heating: ivV 
 
 The lowest bid is that of Samuel I. Pope & Co., of Chicago, who propose to 
 furnish the entire heating and ventilating apparatus as specified for the sum of 
 $8,911.27, with privilege to the county to make any additions or deductions at 
 the rates named in the schedule accompanying the bid. The committee recom- 
 mend the acceptance of this bid, and that the committee be authorized to con- 
 tract with them on the terms of the bid, deducting from the amount above 
 named one gas engine, $1,400, two fans with belting, $657.56, as per schedule, 
 leaving cost $6,853.71. The omitted items are designed simply for ventilation. 
 We are advised that by a very simple and cheap expedient all that is surrendered 
 can be secured without that expense. Considering the fact that the building is 
 both by its location and mode of construction easily ventilated and a cool build- 
 ing in summer, we do not advise an outlay so great when so little necessity 
 
 exists. - -' ;:; , " '"V^' '!'V 
 
 ;; V 7; ;. y V W. SELDEN GALE, W. H. LEIGHTON, 
 
 ^ 'j;-:V;' ; ^;;- ; V WM. ROBSON, JOHN SLOAN, ,.;-,. 
 
 ' - - R. W. MILES, M. B. HARDEN. - 
 
 On motion of Mr. Latimer, the foregoing report was accepted and its recom- 
 mendations concurred in. 
 
Q2 HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY ; , 
 
 Mr. Gale read report on contract for heating new court house: 
 To the Honorable Board of Supervisors: 
 
 The building committee desire to report that they have, as directed by the 
 board, entered into a contract with Samuel I. Pope & Co., of Chicago, to put 
 in the apparatus for heating the court house, which contract they herewith 
 submit as follows: - ;:' ''.,'-. 
 
 Articles of agreement made and concluded at the city of Galesburg, in the 
 county of Knox, in the state of Illinois, this, the eighteenth day of August, A. D., 
 1885, by and between W. Selden Gale, Wm. H. Robson, John Sloan, Rufus W. 
 Miles, Wm. H. Leighton and M. Harden, constituting the court house building 
 committee, appointed by the supervisors of Knox county, Illinois, said com- .. . . 
 mittee being hereinafter known as the party of the first part, and Samuel I. 
 Pope & Co., of Chicago, Cook county, Illinois, second part as follows, to-wit: 
 
 The said party of the second part do hereby agree to, and with the said party 
 of the first part, or their successors in office; that they, the said party of the 
 second part shall, and will execute all the work and furnish all the materials of 
 every character required by the plans and specifications, to heat and ventilate 
 the Knox county court house, said building situated in the city of Galesburg, 
 within the county and state as first above written. Said plans and specifications 
 are hereby constituted as a part and parcel of this contract as much so as if each ,^ , 
 and every part thereof was at length herein set forth and fully described. ; ' ; 
 
 The said party of the first part does hereby agree to, and will, in behalf of ;-, "' 
 the board of supervisors of said county, pay or cause to be paid unto the parties v; -> 
 of the second part, the sum of six thousand, eight hundred and forty-three, sev- '., 
 enty-seven one-hundreths dollars for all of said work and material. Payments;/ ., 
 on said work shall be made on the several parts of the work and material in ac- < .' 
 cordance with the prices stated in the schedule hereto connected; said schedule ' ' ., - 
 being only for the purpose of setting forth the payments to be made to the con- ; :; I 
 tractor, and for no other consideration ; on each and every payment on work V.\;. 
 and material that twenty-five per cent, of the amount for all cost of work, labor;'' .:..- 
 and material, shall be retained until the final acceptance of the contract, subject ' 
 to the conditions stated in the general instructions to bidders. Being understood ,; 
 that payments on all work and material shall be made once each month. Upon ' 
 such payments being made unto the party of the second part for any work or '. . ^ 
 material, then such material and work shall be deemed in the possession of the , ;.; 
 party of the first part, and shall be by them in their possession as part security j ;/ 
 for moneys advanced, and in guarantee in addition to that required by bond. ..";.: 
 
 The said party of the second part does hereby agree to commence said work ;;' .."' ' 
 in said building as soon as the condition of the building permit of, and not later ; '-" 
 than when the roof is completed on said building, and to finish the same as soon . - 
 thereafter as possible within the limited time named in the specifications and ; \ 
 general instructions. The eliminations marked in the specifications of the omis- 
 sions of the gas engines and fans was made at schedule prices, before execution 
 of this contract. 'v V. - : '--j? -.:;'" v 
 
 In witness whereof, the parties hereinbefore named, in behalf of the board 
 of supervisors of said county, and the party of the second part, each have hereto 
 set their hands and seals the day and year first above written ; this contract only 
 
HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY 93 
 
 to take effect when the said party of the second part has furnished his bond and 
 approved security. 
 
 Witness our hands and seals, = . ' , !^ 
 
 v.--;^'; %,;;:'/; W. SELDEN GALE, M. B. HARDEN, v ;'/ ' .;^ 
 
 iC'V; ' "vcW^-^v:;: .V R. W. MILES, JOHN SLOAN, ^:cV^' 
 
 ; /o':-- . ^^:;. j W. H. LEIGHTON, SAM'L I. POPE & Co. ^i^i? 
 
 'J;V.;;...';.;.' ;.'..' yU{^;.;;-; WM. ROBSON, -;. 
 
 /:.;>': v-C.:- ; V (Witness) ALBERTA. PERRY, County Clerk. 
 
 Mr. Anderson, of Dawson & Anderson, contractors of new court house, ap- 
 peared and by permission addressed the board, asking assistance in procuring 
 water. On motion of Mr. Latimer, the matter was referred to the building com- 
 mittee with power to act. 
 
 September Meeting, 1885. Mr. Gale from the committee on building, stated 
 that no arrangement had yet been made for the construction of a cistern at the 
 court house. He read the proposition of A. P. Anderson to construct a cistern 
 13 feet 6 inches in diameter in the clear, 9 feet deep in the clear between inlet 
 and overflow pipes, walls and arch 8 inches thick, bottom 3 bricks thick laid flat- 
 wise, all of hard burned brick, thoroughly cemented inside and out, with 8 inch 
 overflow pipe connected with present sewer, stone and iron top at grade line, 
 for $285, to be constructed under the supervision of the superintendent at the 
 court house. , "v' . . 
 
 On motion of Mr. Latimer the proposition was accepted. 
 
 January Meeting, 1886. The following report of the building committee 
 was read and referred to the committee on revenue: 
 To the Honorable Board of Supervisors: . 
 
 Gentlemen : The committee on building court house beg leave to report that 
 the cistern authorized by the board at its last meeting has been completed and 
 order issued by the clerk, by instructions of the committee, to A. P. An- 
 derson, contractor, for the sum of $301,50. Until within the last ninety days, 
 the progress has been satisfactory, but since that time much less has been done 
 than the committee had reason to expect would have been done sixty days ago. 
 The delay seems to have been caused by failure of the sub-contractors, who were 
 to put on the framework of the roof to use due diligence. There now seems 
 no prospect of doing more than to complete the framework of the roof before 
 the coming of warm weather. The committee have used all the means in their 
 power to hasten the operations of the iron contractors, and regret that their ef- 
 forts have not been more successful. The committee have authorized the clerk 
 to draw orders in favor of Dawson & Anderson to apply on contract, amount 
 aggregating $46,610.54. . .. ' ? j.. >; v.;- 
 
 ,. Y... ... . . Respectfully submitted, < ; 
 
 ,;;;. '.;:^ V'-'/'.:_;.;, :/"-/ ','!, W. SELDEN GALE, ' '"'H'; 
 
 ^ ^- ';>. ^ V V I ;. Vx . . = Chairman of Committee. -^ 
 
 April Meeting, 1886. Thursday, April 22, one-thirty P. M. Board called to 
 order by chairman. Present same as this forenoon. -. 
 
 Mr. Gale called up the report of the building committee, and read that por- 
 tion of said report pertaining to the laying off and grading of the court house 
 grounds. On motion the recommendation in relation thereto was concurred in. 
 
 Mr. Gale then read that portion of said report pertaining to the advertisement 
 
- HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY ; 
 
 for bids for furniture. A motion by Mr. Boydstun to concur in the recommen- 
 dations, was withdrawn. 
 
 Mr. Gale then read that portion of said report pertaining to the assignment 
 of rooms. On motion the recommendations of the committee were concurred in. 
 
 Mr. Gale moved to strike out the recommendation of the committee in regard 
 to furniture, and insert the following: y I ' .; 
 
 That the committee be directed to advertise at once for bids for furniture, 
 the bidders to furnish the designs. That the bids be required to be made sub- 
 ject to the examination of the committee and the acceptance by the board. That 
 the committee be directed to examine and carefully compare the bids, and when 
 any shall be received, which the committee shall deem worthy of attention, they 
 shall notify the chairman of the board, who shall call the board together. That 
 when this board adjourn it shall adjourn subject to the call of the chairman. 
 . On motion of Mr. Rebstock, the foregoing resolution amendatory of said re- 
 port, was adopted. - 
 
 Moved by Mr. Sisson that said report as amended be adopted, and its recom- 
 mendations concurred in, and that it be spread upon the records of the bo^rd. 
 
 The ayes and nays being called for, the vote stood as follows : ^ - - 
 
 Ayes Messrs. Hunter, Mosser, Paden, Gale, Cooke, Boydstun, Olson, Mc- 
 Kee, Sisson, May, Townsend, Luther, Clark, Robson, Hurd, Miles, Leighton, 
 Andrews and Sloan 18. 
 
 Xays Messrs. Simpson, Glisson, Cooley, Rebstock, Parker, C. S. Clark and 
 Gibbs 7, \. ' . .;" ".-.' ;'-^'-'--'''v''.:'' .--'-.'' '-^'".'^^ :-'>';.'.,;>'''' 
 
 The motion prevailed. 
 
 The report of the building committee, as amended, is as follows:'..-' 
 
 The committee on building beg leave to report : 
 
 The condition and progress of the building will be best understood by mem- . 
 bers of the board by actual inspection. While the progress made has been less 
 than was hoped for, they think the construction so far is fairly satisfactory, and 
 they are still of opinion that whether there be considered its substantial char- 
 acter, its convenience, its beauty or its cost, the "building will prove satisfactory 
 to those specially concerned in its erection, and to the citizens of the county. 
 
 Messrs. Dawson & Anderson sublet the contract for the iron construction to 
 other parties, who in turn sublet the construction of the frame work of the roof. 
 This work should have been completed early in November, which would have 
 enabled the work to go on all winter, and made the completion of the building 
 within the contract time, the ist of September, entirely within the power of the 
 contractor. The neglect to complete this work in time, has so far delayed the en- 
 tire work as to make its completion within that time no longer a possibility. 
 
 An effort should be made to secure the completion of the offices so as to permit 
 the clerks to remove before the pressure of fall work on their offices, and to secure 
 one court room for the October term. But we believe it better to suffer some in- 
 convenience from delay rather than hasten the completion at the risk of getting 
 anything but permanent work. 
 
 The time within which it may be expected to complete the building may be 
 estimated, by calculating the time necessary for the work of plastering, now just 
 beginning. 
 
 2nd. The time the work should stand to become sufficiently dry to receive the 
 
' :o;.- HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY V -^ 05 
 
 woodwork, and 3rd, the time necessary to set up the woodwork then already pre- 
 pared. 
 
 The other portions of the work should be carried on simultaneously so as to 
 cause no delay. ' . . 
 
 It is perhaps hardly worth while to refer to various reports which have ob- 
 tained some currency, of danger to the county from failure on the part of the 
 contractors. 
 
 We have only to say that we have no reason to question the perfect good faith 
 of the contractors, or their ability to complete their undertaking. And that ad- 
 vanced as the work now is, it is not possible the county can suffer any disasterous 
 loss in any contingency. 
 
 The work already done is undoubtedly much more expensive, compared with 
 the originally estimated cost than that which is to be done. : ; v 
 
 The committee had hoped to find the plans so complete that no changes 
 whatever could be called for. But they cannot conceive it profitable to perpetuate 
 an error, and there is no time when a mistake or oversight can be so easily cor- 
 rected as in time of construction. When they consider the magnitude of the 
 work, the unusual and complicated plan and character of the building, the various 
 uses to which it is to be put, the difficulty, owing to distance, or consultation with 
 the architect, the fact that the plans were required to be made in a limited time 
 and in two different modes of construction, the committee thought they were 
 hardly warranted in expecting a realization of such hopes. They have thought 
 necessary, in process of construction, to require changes as follows: On the ist 
 floor a door To be made in the tower room, connecting it and permitting it to be 
 used in connection with the room next south of it. A double glass door in place 
 of the single one connecting the two rooms of the county clerk for the better 
 lighting of the inner room. 
 
 The filling up of space in the basement under the vault for greater security. 
 In the second story a change in the partition between the judge's room and the 
 library, and dispensing with the water closet, and substituting a wash bowl and 
 urinal in the judge's room. 
 
 In the third story another door connecting two jury rooms in south wing, to 
 be opened when necessary to secure better accommodations for a jury detained 
 all night, and providing one of the rooms with a wash bowl and urinal. A change 
 in partition at north end of corridor so as to shut off the stairway leading to the 
 attic. 
 
 These changes all told, will cost but little, but the cost will be an addition to 
 the contract price. 
 
 The committee also accepted the offer made by the contractor, believing it 
 to be advantageous to the county, to substitute red oak for -yellow pine, where 
 yellow pine is specified, in all doors above the basement, and all wood work in 
 second story corridor and smaller court room for $300. 
 
 In the exterior of the building, the contractor claimed the minarets and upper 
 cornice of the tower were to be of iron. The architect said they were to be of 
 stone. The committee thought to finish the most conspicuous part of the build- 
 ing with an inferior material would detract too much from the appearance, and 
 directed the contractor to use stone. 
 
 An examination of the specifications shows that in the original or brick con- 
 
96 HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY 
 
 struction, iron was called for ; that in changing to a stone construction the same 
 specifications were used, substituting other language when necessary, that the sec- 
 tion affecting this work seemed to be overlooked in making the changes. 
 
 The contractor evidently made the estimates on which his bid was founded, 
 for iron work, the language misled him, if it did not justify him, and it does 
 not seem unreasonable for him to claim compensation for the difference. 
 
 The committee required the diamond shaped stones in the gable to be rubbed 
 stone ; the contractor claimed they were to be rockfaced. The committee thought 
 it would be as required, leaving the contractor to make his claim if the terms of 
 the specifications were not clearly in our favor. 
 
 Besides these changes ordered, the committee were called upon to settle the 
 terms of the contract as to the ceilings. In the original specifications the ceal- 
 ings in the basement were to be brick arches ; in the first, second and third stories 
 to be hollow tile, plastered. :. . ^-v- 
 
 The bid accepted, made by Dawson & Anderson, substituted iron arches for 
 all brick and hollow tile, except in the court room ; provided brick or hollow tile 
 might be substituted for the iron ones at the difference in price named in the 
 schedule. The committee determined to substitute brick arches, plastered, for 
 the iron mentioned in the bid and the hollow tile required in the original specifi- 
 cations, in the corridors in the first and second stories, at the additional expense 
 of $2.50 per square over the cost of iron. 
 
 The cost of all changes and additions made and proposed is small, and made 
 at the time the building is in progress, will add no more to the cost than if con- 
 tained 'in the original specifications. The difference in cost would have probably 
 appeared in the estimates of contractors on which the bids were founded. 
 
 It will be necessary to provide for laying off and grading the court house 
 grounds and paving the necessary walks. The committee have availed themselves 
 of an opportunity to purchase a small amount of earth, delivered on the grounds, 
 and other opportunities to purchase on favorable terms may appear. They rec- 
 ommend that the committee be authorized to prepare or procure plans for lay- 
 ing off the grounds, to be reported to the board for consideration, and in the 
 meantime they be authorized to purchase earth when they can do so to manifest 
 advantage. 
 
 The committee have not heretofore called the attention of the board to the 
 subject of furniture for the court house for the reason that the delay in the com- 
 pletion of the building justified a postponement of preparation for furnishing. 
 It is, however, desirable that the county should not be delayed in the occupancy 
 of the building when completed for want of furniture. 
 
 It is also desirable that time enough should be taken to settle carefully on 
 plans, to secure competition, and to give ample time to the contractor to furnish 
 perfect work. 
 
 We recommend that the committee be directed to advertise at once for bids 
 for furniture, the bidders to furnish the designs. That the bids be required to 
 be made subject to the examination of the committee and the acceptance by the 
 board. That the committee be directed to examine and carefully compare the 
 bids, and when any shall be received which the committee shall deem worthy of 
 attention, they shall notify the chairman of the board who shall call the board 
 together. That when this board adjourn it shall adjourn subject to the call of the- 
 chairman. . . 
 
96 HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY ,;,,:'^ 
 
 struction, iron was called for ; that in changing to a stone construction the same 
 specifications were used, substituting other language when necessary, that the sec- 
 tion affecting this work seemed to be overlooked in making the changes. 
 
 The contractor evidently made the estimates on which his bid was founded, 
 for iron work, the language misled him, if it did not justify him, and it does 
 not seem unreasonable for him to claim compensation for the difference. 
 
 The committee required the diamond shaped stones in the gable to be rubbed 
 stone ; the contractor claimed they were to be rockfaced. The committee thought 
 it would be as required, leaving the contractor to make his claim if the terms of 
 the specifications were not clearly in our favor. .. ; ; | 
 
 Besides these changes ordered, the committee were called upon to settle the 
 terms of the contract as to the ceilings. In the original specifications the ceal- 
 ings in the basement were to be brick arches ; in the first, second and third stories 
 to be hollow tile, plastered. .: ^^ v^. . ^;^' .^ ; '! " I r '. - : 
 
 The bid accepted, made by Dawson & Anderson, substituted iron arches for 
 all brick and hollow tile, except in the court room ; provided brick or hollow tile 
 might be substituted for the iron ones at the difference in price named in the 
 schedule. The committee determined to substitute brick arches, plastered, for 
 the iron mentioned in the bid and the hollow tile required in the original specifi- 
 cations, in the corridors in the first and second stories, at the additional expense 
 of $2.50 per square over the cost of iron. 
 
 The cost of all changes and additions made and proposed is small, and made 
 at the time the building is in progress, will add no more to the cost than if con- . 
 tained in the original specifications. The difference in cost would have probably 
 appeared in the estimates of contractors on which the bids were founded. 
 
 It will be necessary to provide for laying off and grading the court house 
 grounds and paving the necessary walks. The committee have availed themselves 
 of an opportunity to purchase a small amount of earth, delivered on the grounds, 
 and other opportunities to purchase on favorable terms may appear. They rec- 
 ommend that the committee be authorized to prepare or procure plans for lay- 
 ing off the grounds, to be reported to the board for consideration, and in the 
 meantime they be authorized to purchase earth when they can do so to manifest 
 advantage. 
 
 The committee have not heretofore called the attention of the board to the 
 subject of furniture for the court house for the reason that the delay in the com- 
 pletion of the building justified a postponement of preparation for furnishing. 
 It is. however, desirable that the county should not be delayed in the occupancy 
 of the building when completed for want of furniture. 
 
 It is also desirable that time enough should be taken to settle carefully on 
 plans, to secure competition, and to give ample time to the contractor to furnish 
 perfect work. 
 
 We recommend that the committee be directed to advertise at once for bids 
 for furniture, the bidders to furnish the designs. That the bids be required to 
 be made subject to the examination of the committee and the acceptance by the 
 board. That the committee be directed to examine and carefully compare the 
 bids, and when any shall be received which the committee shall deem worthy of 
 attention, they shall notify the chairman of the board who shall call the board 
 together. That when this board adjourn it shall adjourn subject to the call of the- 
 chairman. . . ; ^ ...;; .. 
 
I 
 
HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY 7 
 
 As a preliminary to calling for bids, we ask the board to assign the rooms to 
 their various uses, and we recommend : 
 
 That the three court rooms be arranged and furnished so that they may each 
 of them serve for either of the courts, for the meetings of the board of super- 
 visors and for such other assemblies of officers and citizens on county business, 
 as should be provided for. 
 
 That on the first floor, the room on the right of the east entrance be assigned 
 to the school superintendent. 
 
 The room on the right of the north entrance, to the county judge. 
 
 The room on the left, to the treasurer. 
 
 The room on the right of the west entrance, to the recorder. 
 
 The two rooms opposite, to the county clerk. 
 
 The large room in the south wing, to the circuit clerk. 
 
 That there be assigned to the sheriff either the room to the left of the east 
 entrance, or the adjoining room in the south wing, the other to remain for the 
 present unassigned. 
 
 The room in the tower, to the treasurer and school superintendent, the treas- 
 urer to have prior right of occupancy when necessary to his business. 
 
 That each county officer have a case in the vault for the storage of valuable 
 papers, or property requiring special security. -:'. 
 
 That in the second story, the room next south of the tower room, to the 
 master in chancery. 
 
 The tower room and room west, to the county attorney. - ; ''. 
 
 The other two north rooms to be ladies' waiting rooms. '.-. 
 
 The south wing for judges' room, consultation room and library. 
 
 The rooms in the third story to be used as jury and witness rooms. The 
 room next north of the smaller court room to be the grand jury room. 
 
 W. SELDEN GALE, R. W. MILES, 
 
 - ..: WM. RoBSON, JOHN SLOAN, 
 
 M. B. HARDEN, WM. H. LEIGHTON. 
 
 The building committee beg leave to report, that in reply to the resolution of 
 the board calling for information as to cost of changes in the building, ordered 
 by the committee, they have procured from the contractor the following estimates : 
 
 Expense of door in tower room $ 71.25 
 
 Double door in clerk's office 30.00 
 
 Door in third story 30.00 
 
 Change in partition 2d story 
 
 Extra wash basin and urinal 40.00 
 
 Change in attic stairs " 50.00 
 
 Substitution of oak for pine 300.00 
 
 800 feet concrete filling in vault, at 2oc 160.00 
 
 Cost of changes ordered by committee $681.25 
 
 Substituting for iron 3,450 feet brick arches, at $2.50 86.25 
 
 $767.50 
 
 Vet 17 
 
98 HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY 
 
 Amount claimed for stone cornice and minarets in place of iron, difference 
 in cost: 
 
 4 stone minarets, $130 each $520.00 
 
 40 feet tower cornice 40.00 
 
 88 feet gable cornice, at $i.6o 140.80 
 
 4 carved finials 60.00 
 
 - ' ' ' " ' ' '" $760.80 
 Amount claimed for extra work on diamond shaped stones : 
 
 246 feet, at 5oc $123.00 
 
 io6 feet, at 7oc 74.20 
 
 '"-:!. ^ ; '. .^':'':'\-'-':-.^':''!^ ^ .''-' ;-vr''''''- $197.20 
 
 -':^':^ '"'-'. " ' '.:^- '^;^^^: ;;'-'. '^\^;.''" ^' ;.-.;; W. SELDEN GALE, ;-.;;v 
 
 Chairman. 
 
 Special May Meeting, 1886. The chairman stated that the meeting was 
 called at the request of the building committee for the purpose of examining 
 proposals and designs for furniture for the new court house, and considering 
 the report of the building committee thereon. 
 
 The clerk then read the proposals of A. H. Andrews & Co., of Chicago. Also 
 the proposal of Conant Bros., of Toledo, Ohio. 
 
 During the reading of the last named proposal, Mr. Chas. Ghsson, of Knox, 
 entered. :/ 
 
 The clerk then read the proposals of the Phoenix Furniture Company, of 
 Grand Rapids, Mich., and of Thos. Kane & Co., of Chicago. 
 
 Each of said proposals were accompanied with schedules of furniture and 
 prices referring to the designs submitted, all of which were laid before the board. 
 
 The report of the building committee was then read as follows : 
 
 To the Honorable Board of Supennsors: 
 
 Your committee in compliance with the resolution of the board, advertised 
 for proposals for furniture, to be opened by the committee on the 4th inst. They 
 felt justified in fixing an early time from the fact that several of the best houses 
 in the country had visited the building in anticipation of such a call, and were 
 known to have prepared plans ; and it was thought no further delay need be 
 made to secure fair competition. Special notices were sent to all who had by 
 personal application or correspondence indicated an intention of giving attention 
 to the job. 
 
 The committee received a communication from the Mitchell Furniture Co., 
 of Cincinnati, asking a postponement of the letting, on account of the labor troubles 
 and the consequent temporary closing of their works. Proposals were received 
 from Thos. Kane & Co., of Chicago ; the Phoenix Furniture Co., of Grand Rapids, 
 Mich. ; A. H. Andrews & Co., of Chicago, and Conant Bros., of Toledo, Ohio, 
 all of which proposals, with the accompanying samples and exhibits are submitted 
 to the board. 
 
 The bids, except the first named, were presented in person by a proprietor or 
 agent of the firm interested. 
 
 It was agreed that the bids should not be disclosed until presented to the 
 board, but that each party should have the fullest opportunity to explain his 
 
HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY ;;,;;; 99 
 
 proposal to the committee, sitting with closed doors. There were present with 
 the committee, for advice and assistance, the architect of the building, the county 
 clerk and the circuit clerk. 
 
 The bid of Thomas Kane & Co. was accompanied by very few designs and 
 no samples. No gross amount is mentioned, but items are given and prices at- 
 tached with reference to the designs furnished and printed catalogue of goods 
 and prices published by the firm. The other bids are accompanied by schedules, 
 substantially alike in items, admitting of ready comparison. 
 
 The bid of the Phoenix Co. is exclusive of all seats, $7,765.40. 
 
 The bid of Andrews & Co. is in two forms. With one set of designs it is 
 $11,123.80; with plainer designs and cheaper work, $9,193.65. "u 
 
 The bid of Conant Bros, gives no gross amount, but affixes to each item in 
 the schedule from two to eight prices, according to design, workmanship and ma- 
 terial. Reviewing these schedules for comparison, and taking the items recom- 
 mended by the committee, as herinafter stated, we find them, as nearly as we 
 have been able to calculate, to compare as follows: 
 
 Phoenix Co., about $7,200. . 
 
 Andrews & Co., highest bid, $7,610. .; - ' 
 
 Andrews & Co., lowest bid, $6,655. ' .: ^ .'-^' ~ 
 
 Conant Bros., from less than $6,000 to over $8,000. '; ^^; . .: 
 
 It is at once evident that, taking medium prices in the bids of Andrews & Co. 
 and of Conant Bros, there is but very little- difference in the bids of the three 
 houses. The bids of Conant Bros, are both the highest and the lowest. 
 
 The bid of the Phoenix Co. is higher than one bid of Andrews & Co. and 
 lower than the other, and it is only by careful examination of the descriptions 
 and designs that it can be determined from which the most satisfactory selection 
 can be made, and it is perhaps proper here to say that it has been generally re- 
 marked by persons examining the building, with reference to bidding on the fur- 
 niture, that the building being architecturally different from all other court houses 
 (the Cincinnati court house is said to be of similar style), it could only be well 
 and tastefully furnished from designs specially prepared to conform to its peculiar 
 style. 
 
 The committee think Conant Bros, have had a better appreciation of the build- 
 ing or have been willing to take more pains than others. They believe the board 
 will find their designs finer and more in keeping with the building than any others 
 presented, and the committee believe that at same cost the best selection may be 
 made from their bid. 
 
 The committee recommend that the board authorize the committee to contract 
 with Conant Bros, for the articles of furniture in the list herewith presented, to 
 be selected by the committee in walnut, cherry and oak, in such proportions as 
 they may think best at a cost not exceeding $7,250. 
 
 In the matter of chairs, the committee are not satisfied that the best or most 
 economical selection can be made from these proposals. That unlike the other 
 furniture they will not be made expressly for the building, but that they can at 
 any time be bought in the market, and that plenty of time may safely be taken 
 to make selection and purchase. 
 
 The committee have received bids for file cases from Schlect & Field and from 
 Conant Bros. These are to contain the papers put into each pigeon hole. Both 
 
100 HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY 
 
 their patterns are decided improvements on those in common use obtained from 
 stationers. But in judgment of the committee, the advantage to this county from 
 their use are by no means commensurate with the increased expense. 
 
 L. A. TowNSEND, WM. ROBSON, 
 
 ./-- W. SELDEN GALE, W. H. LEIGHTON, 
 
 JOHN SLOAN, RUFUS W. MILES. 
 
 The foregoing report was placed before the board to be considered and exam- 
 ined in connection with the proposals and designs above submitted. 
 
 On motion the board took a recess until one-thirty P. M. 
 
 - One-thirty P. M. Board called to order by chairman. 1> , 
 
 .; Present, same as this morning. 
 
 The board having examined and considered the several proposals and designs 
 for furniture submitted and the report of the building committee, it was moved 
 by Mr. Paden that the board accept said report and concur in its recommenda- 
 tions, and that said committee be authorized to purchase such chairs and seats 
 as may be needed in the new court house at a cost not to exceed $2,500, which 
 motion was adopted. 
 
 Thereupon, they entered into contract with Conant Brothers Furniture Com- 
 pany, on the I7th day of May, 1886. 
 
 July Meeting, 1886. Mr. Gale read the following report of the. building com- 
 mittee : 
 To the Honorable Board of Supervisors: 
 
 GENTLEMEN : The building committee beg leave to call the attention of the 
 board to the necessity of providing mantels and grates for the building; nineteen 
 are required. The committee have had proposals sent them from several parties. 
 They are of opinion that slate mantels may be obtained with grates, and all com- 
 plete and in place suitable for the situation, for from $700 to $800. The com- 
 mittee wish to be advised if any action in the case on their part is desired. 
 
 W. SELDEN GALE, Chairman. 
 
 On motion of Mr. Paden, the committee were authorized to contract for 
 grates and mantels on the best terms obtainable. 
 
 January Meeting, 1887. Mr. Gale made a verbal report in behalf of the build- 
 ing committee stating that it had been hoped that all contracts for matters con- 
 nected with the building could be closed up at the present meeting. This cannot 
 be done and the committee would recommend that when the board adjourns, it 
 adjourn for about two. weeks. It is desirable that Mr. Myers be present, and he 
 has informed the committee that he can be here at about that time. The com- 
 mittee were requested at the last meeting of the board to prepare a detailed state- 
 ment of orders drawn for all work connected with the court house. In conse- 
 quence of the unfinished condition of the work the committee are unable to com- 
 ply, but a verbal statement may be made which will give the board the informa- 
 tion necessary to enable the members to act understandingly upon any question 
 which may arise until such time as a full written statement can be made. 
 
 Mr. Gale then stated, to the board, the condition of the various contracts and 
 the amounts paid upon each, respectively, which he requested the supervisors to 
 take down each for himself. 
 
 Mr. Gale offered the following resolution, which was adopted: 
 
 RESOLVED: That there be a reception held at the court house, by the board 
 
HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY 101 
 
 of supervisors, on the 26th inst., from lo o'clock A. M. until ten o'clock P. M., 
 and that citizens of the county and their friends be respectfully invited to attend. 
 
 January Adjourned Meeting, 1887. On motion of Mr. Gale, the board took 
 a recess subject to the call of the chairman. 
 
 During recess, dedicatory exercises were held in the circuit court room, which 
 were attended by a large concourse of people. Brief addresses were made by 
 the architect. Col. E. E. Myers, the contractor; John Anderson; Hon. R. G. 
 Mathews, chairman of the board; Hon. Clark E. Carr; Judge J. J. Glenn; Judge 
 Sanford, and Messrs. E. P. Williams, W. Selden Gale, and R. W. Miles. 
 
 During the exercises, the following resolution was offered by Mr. F. Chris- 
 tianer, of Abingdon, which was unanimously adopted. 
 
 Resolved, That we, the people of Knox county, in mass meeting assembled, 
 do offer our thanks to the board of supervisors of the county of Knox for their 
 successful efforts in the erection of this court house, and for their thorough hon- 
 esty and integrity in the building of the same, and we ask that these resolutions 
 be spread upon the records of said board. 
 
 Mr. Gale stated that the building committee were ready to report on a portion 
 of the matters before them if the board desired. On motion of Mr. May the 
 building committee were requested to report. 
 
 Mr. Gale then reported a bill in favor of Col. E. E. Myers, of $i,ooo, balance 
 of architect's fees, and asked that it be referred with other matters pending. 
 
 The motion of Mr. Gale was adopted. 
 
 Mr. Gale then read the following additional report of the building committee : 
 To the Honorable Board of Supervisors: 
 
 . The building committee have rendered a partial settlement with Messrs. Daw- 
 son & Anderson, court house contractors. 
 
 The contract was originally taken at the sum of $114,311.52 
 
 To this was added by direction of the board, at the April meeting, 
 
 1886 1,725.50 
 
 Under the authority of the board to make some improvements in the 
 
 basement the committee have directed plastering and wainscoting 
 
 and places for washbowls and sinks, and have allowed Dawson 
 
 & Anderson 53-7O 
 
 The committee thought best to make some changes in the supports for 
 
 the gallery, involving the casing of supporting beams, for which 
 
 they allowed D. & A 88.00 
 
 The committee also allowed for work apparently not belonging to the 
 
 contract, but necessary to be done in fitting woodwork around 
 
 furniture 8.05 
 
 Around mantels 17-15 
 
 For putting up strips for hooks on the walls and bulletin boards, and 
 
 assisting in repairing and removing furniture from old building. . 83.03 
 
 For alteration in stone coping to steps 42.00 
 
 Making a total of .'. . .$116,328.94 
 
 In the matter of stained glass in the ceiling to main court room, the contrac- 
 tors proposed to put in plain cathedral glass. : . . ' ' 
 
 The committee did not consider this arrangement suitable, and it appearing 
 
102 HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY 
 
 on examination of the contract that it was stipulated that the glass should be of 
 such pattern as the architect should require, the committee applied to Col. Myers 
 to furnish f)atterns. 
 
 Under his direction patterns were sent, costing $960. The committee found 
 that the contractors had, in making the estimate on which their bid was based, 
 allowed themselves only $200. The committee were, considering that the real 
 cost of the building to the contractors was already far beyond the amount esti- 
 mated by them for the work at the bidding, very reluctant to require so large 
 additional cost. At the same time they believed the fulfillment of the contract 
 according to the views of the contractors would not be satisfactory to the public. 
 
 The conclusion of the committee was to contract with Geo. A. Misch for put- 
 ting in the light in less expensive patterns than those proposed for $506. 
 
 This amount, paid by county, might be deducted from the contract of Dawson 
 & Anderson. The committee are, however, prepared to recommend that only so 
 much be charged the contractors as the cost by them estimated at the bidding, 
 say $200. 
 
 At the meeting of April. 1886. the committee reported that Dawson & Ander- 
 son had proposed to substitute oak finish for pine throughout the building for 
 $500. or in the halls and one court room for $300; that the committee had ac- 
 cepted the last proposition. This action of the committee was approved by the 
 board and $300 added on that account to the contract. Dawson & Anderson have 
 substituted oak throughout the building, though without promise of extra pay 
 beyond the $300 already allowed. 
 
 They ask the board to allow $200 additional. That the change is worth that 
 amount to the building the committee believe, and recommend it be allowed. 
 
 Should the board concur in the recommendation as to glass and oak finish, it 
 will leave the amount due on the contract of Dawson & Anderson unchanged, at 
 $116.328.94 the county paying Misch $506. 
 
 .: This amount is subject to offset for want of completion within the contract 
 time, it being stipulated that the building should be completed by Sept. ist, 1886, 
 and a penalty of $20 per day for any delay. 
 
 The county began to have a very limited use of a small part of the building 
 about Nov. 1 5th. It was not till the last of December the clerks were able to 
 move into their not quite finished offices, and not till now that the county has 
 full use of the building. 
 
 Dawson & Anderson claim allowance for items of work required by the com- 
 mittee, which the committee claimed the right to require under the contract, 
 which the contractors insisted were not required by a fair construction of the 
 terms of the contract, and which were performed by them under protest. 
 For 15.000 brick required to be put in tower in excess of what appeared 
 
 to be shown in paper $255.00 
 
 For extra cost of hardware in door trimmings, committee requiring better 
 
 quality than contractors expected to furnish 424.50 
 
 For changes in window casings 292.00 
 
 ... -3<^ 
 
 .-^s to these items, the committee required them because they thought theyN- 
 ought to be done, even if at the cost of the county, and that the contract gave 
 them the right to require it. 
 
HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY 103 
 
 They are not, however, quite sure that the right to require the work is alto- 
 gether free from doubt, and are satisfied the cost was not included in the con- 
 tractor's estimate when he made the bid. 
 
 While the committee have not felt authorized to admit the claims, they think 
 it entirely proper that the board should consider the propriety of giving the con- 
 tractors the benefit of the doubt. 
 
 Dawson & Anderson have further stated to the committee, and the committee 
 have examined the schedule, on which the bid was made, and found the statement 
 correct, that in making the schedule important items were omitted, and while the 
 contract required the performance of the work and to have been done without 
 other compensation than the profits, if any, on the enumerated items. 
 
 First, a clerical error appeared by which their bid was unintentionally re- 
 duced $2,000. 
 
 The items of plastering were estimated at $4,200 and so appear in the sched- 
 ule, but the amount is carried into the general summary at $2,200. 
 
 The following items were overlooked and omitted entirely from the schedule: 
 
 2,825 fee concreting under inside walls $ 570.00 
 
 6,800 fee basement floor 682.50 
 
 3 extra granite steps 9O-75 
 
 154 feet gallery front at $5 770.00 
 
 4 clock dials in tower 120.00 
 
 I vault door of iron i lo.oo 
 
 Difference between lime and cement used in concreting floors 489.00 
 
 $2,831.25 
 
 In the estimate of the stone work very large under-estimate of items were 
 made, and some errors of calculation. ;. . 
 
 It is difficult and not perhaps profitable, to go over the whole calculation. 
 
 The work is so complicated that none but an expert, with plenty of time at 
 his disposal could correctly estimate it. 
 
 It is undoubtedly placed in the schedules at several thousand dollars less than 
 it was done for, or could be done for. 
 
 The committee has not felt authorized to do more than allow the contractors 
 for each item as the county was clearly under obligation to pay by the strict 
 terms of the contract. 
 
 How far it is proper for the board to go on giving liberal interpretation to the 
 terms of the contract, or in allowing extra compensation for work done, required 
 to be done by the contract, yet omitted from the contractor's estimate, each super- 
 visor should judge for himself. The committee desire only to present the facts 
 without recommendations, leaving each member of the committee as well as every 
 other supervisor to act independently. 
 
 Some facts in the case are as follows: While the work is not entirely free 
 from criticism, it is on the whole well done, much of it better than might have 
 been expected. 
 
 The contractors have been held to strict compliance, without the favors and 
 indulgences commonly, if not usually, given on public buildings by architects and 
 superintendents. While it cannot be said nothing has been lost by neglect or bad 
 management, on the whole, fewer mistakes than are usual on such buildings have 
 
104 ; ; HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY 
 
 been made, and great care has been taken in procuring the best terms in sub- 
 contracts and purchase of supplies, and on the whole, such business has been 
 successfully done. 
 
 If held to the strict construction of the contract the contractors are heavy 
 losers on the job, even with all the allowance they suggest to the board, they will 
 not be indemnified. 
 
 The contract was made by both the county and contractors, in good faith, 
 with the expectation that it could be performed for the money stipulated. 
 
 The errors in the schedule were not discovered till the work was well under 
 way. Much allowance must be made for the seeming carelessness of the con- 
 tractors in this. The plan of the building is different from that of any similar 
 building. It is very complicated, and although the plans and specifications are 
 unusually complete, a careful and complete estimate of all its parts requires an 
 amount of care, skill and time very difficult for the contractors to give in the 
 time limited. 
 
 The next lowest bid, at the letting, to that of Dawson & Anderson, was $4,500 
 higher, and was made by a contractor of experience in building court houses, and 
 based on simple comparison of size of building with that of others erected by him. 
 It may be properly said that in offering to erect the building at the amount 
 named in the proposals (a lower figure than would represent the cost), the board 
 was misled, that while the board was willing to contract at that price for this 
 building, the plan might have been modified or abandoned if it had been shown 
 to cost any larger sum. 
 
 On the other hand, perhaps, the building is worth all it cost, with such addi- 
 lions as the board may make to the contractors' compensation, and no one would 
 wish to lose the building for the price. 
 
 ; . Nobody offered to perform the contract for less than $4,500 more than these 
 contractors, and if to that party the contract had been let, the same questions 
 might have arisen with him. 
 
 If the proposition to build the house at less than what the county is ultimately 
 called upon to pay, induced the acceptance of the contract, and if no bid being 
 received for less than is now proposed to pay, the board would have refused to 
 go on with the plan. It may be fortunate that the board was deceived and led 
 into what has proved for the advantage of the county. 
 
 On motion of Mr. May, the clerk was directed to get the foregoing report 
 printed for the use of the board. ! - 
 
 Mr. Gale then read the following further report of the building committee: 
 To the Honorable Board of Supen'isors: 
 
 The building committee recommend that the committee be instructed to retain 
 the control of the building to such extent as they shall find necessary until the 
 next meeting of the board. That they be instructed to see that the erection and 
 finishing of the building be completed according to existing contracts and in com- 
 pliance with the instructions of the board, and to settle contracts made by them 
 in accordance with the instructions of the board and to order the issuing of county 
 orders when necessary to fulfill such contracts. 
 
 .;. They recommend the assignment of rooms as follows: ,,,. . . ..: 
 
 ;i Rooms i, 2 and 3 to the county judge and county clerk. '^V- * - : 
 
 -.; Rooms 4 and 5 to the circuit clerk. .'^ ' - ' 
 
HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY >; 106 
 
 Room 6 to the sheriff for an office. . 
 
 Room 8 to the school superintendent. .: ., 
 
 Room lo to the county treasurer. 
 
 Room 9 to the treasurer and school superintendent, the treasurer to have 
 precedence, so far as the duties of his office make it necessary. 
 
 Rooms 12 and 13 to the state's attorney, conditional that he occupy the same 
 in person, keeping his office open during the business hours the year around. 
 
 Room II to the master in chancery on like conditions. 
 
 Room 17 to the circuit judge as private room. -' v .. 
 
 Room i8 as a library and waiting room for the use of the bar. 
 
 Room 19 to be attached to i8 for like purposes. 
 
 That 14 be set apart for the exclusive use of ladies. 15 for a waiting room 
 for ladies and their attendants. 21 for the grand jury. 22 and 23 to be in con- 
 trol of grand jury when required. ; ; 
 
 That the court rooms i6, 20 and 30 be at the disposal of the circuit and county 
 courts, the circuit court to have precedence in i6 and the county court to have 
 precedence in 20 unless the circuit court be first in possession. 
 
 That the board of supervisors meet and organize at each regular or special 
 meeting, when no other provision has been made, in room 20; or if room 20 
 be occupied by one of the courts, then in room 30; or if both be so occupied, then 
 in room i6. 
 
 That the rooms assigned to the county officers be in the control of the officers 
 to whom they are severally assigned; that the other rooms be in the care of the 
 sheriff to be made ready and opened, when required for their proper uses ; that 
 the rooms not otherwise occupied be used as may be needed for witness, jury, 
 committee or consultation rooms, and by the county officers when needed for 
 work not conveniently done in their respective offices. ;::;/.. 
 
 That the sheriff be directed to open the rooms in the court house, when not 
 in use for county purposes, for such public or political meetings as according to 
 the custom and practice of the county, may properly be held therein, such privi- 
 leges to be exercised under such conditions and limitations or extensions as the 
 board may from time to time provide, or as may, between the sessions of the 
 board, be ordered by the chairman of the board or the building committee. 
 
 They recommend that the desk formerly in use by the deputy county clerk 
 be given to the coroner and placed in the building as the coroner may, with the 
 approval of the building committee, designate. 
 
 W. SELDEN GALE, Chairman. 
 
 On motion of Mr. Simpson, the foregoing report was accepted and its recom- 
 mendations concurred in. 
 
 Moved by Mr. Luther Clark that Col. Myers be requested to state to the 
 board, if, in the items of extras claimed by the contractor on account of better 
 material having been furnished than is required by the contract, the material so 
 furnished is better than required. 
 
 Friday Morning, Jan. 28th, 1887. The board then proceeded to the consid- 
 eration of the report of the building committee in relation to a final settlement 
 with Messrs. Dawson & Anderson. 
 
 Pending the remarks of Mr. Anderson on said report. '.;;.'. 
 
 On hiotion the board adjourned to one-thirty this afternoon, -i v^; 
 
V 106 ^ HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY 
 
 '=' .' One-thirty P. M. Board called to order by the chairman. 
 : Present same as this forenoon. 
 
 The board then resumed the consideration of the report of the building com- 
 "' mittee, and Mr. Anderson proceeded in his remarks. 
 
 -. At the close of Mr. Anderson's remarks, Mr. Gale offered the following reso- 
 :'' lution and moved its adoption : 
 
 /' Resolved, That the building committee be authorized to settle with Dawson 
 
 & Anderson for the work done by them, and yet to be done by the terms of the 
 
 : contract, to make such allowance for extras and errors as they think just, and 
 
 :'.. to determine the amount to be charged them for delay in completion of the build- 
 
 : ing, but the entire amount allowed for work heretofore done on the building or 
 
 to be done on the contract as contracted by the committee shall not exceed the 
 
 .. amount of $121,328.90 in excess of the amount charged for damages by reason 
 
 . of delay. 
 
 Mr. May moved as a substitute that the matter of final settlement with Daw- 
 -; son & Anderson be postponed until the April meeting of the board. 
 
 Mr. Rebstock offered the following resolutions as an amendment to the mo- 
 tion of Mr. May : 
 
 > RESOLVED: ist. That the building committee is instructed to settle with Daw- 
 son & Anderson on the terms of the contract. 
 
 2nd, And if the committee find on examination of Mr. Anderson's claims for 
 extra work done on the court house (any portion of said claims are valid), that 
 f they settle with him as far as the county is liable for extra work done. 
 i (The words in brackets above are added by the clerk to express the full mean- 
 ing of the resolution.) 
 
 Moved by Mr. Gibbs that the items of extras claimed by Dawson & Anderson 
 be passed upon severally. 
 
 And thereupon the chairman ruled the action to be upon the motion of Mr. 
 May. ,.-..; - ( . 
 
 The votes by ayes and nays was as follows : 
 Ayes Hunter, Mosser, Paden, Boydstun, McKee, Sisson, May, Townsend, 
 
 Luther Clark, Simpson, Hurd, Parker and Chas S. Clark 13. -.:[.' 
 
 Nays Gale, Cooke, Olson, Glisson, Robson, Rebstock, Miles, Leighton, An- 
 drews, Sloan and Gibbs ii. 
 
 Motion was carried. '' v ; 
 
 . ..- . On motion of Mr. Gale the recommendation of the committee in relation to 
 
 the oak finish and the ornamental stained glass furnished by Geo. C. Misch was 
 adopted. 
 
 Mr. Gale stated that the building committee had expected to present a de- 
 tailed statement of expenditures on all matters connected with the court house, 
 : but owing to the unsettled condition of accounts, had been unable to do so. He 
 moved that the committee be directed to prepare such a statement as soon as 
 possible and cause the same to be published. Carried. 
 
 Moved by Mr. Paden that we reconsider the motion of Mr. May to postpone 
 : action on the report of the building committee in the matter of final settlement 
 with Dawson & Abderson until the April meeting. i 
 
 Ayes and nays were called as follows: 
 : : Ayes Paden, Gale, Boydstun, Cooke, Olson, McKee, Sisson, Townsen,d, 
 
HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY v^ 107 
 
 Simpson, Robson, Kurd, Rebstock, Miles, Leighton, Andrews, Sloan and Gibbs 
 
 17- 
 
 Nays Hunter, Mosser, May, Luther Clark, Glisson, Parker and Chas S. 
 
 Clark 7. 
 
 The motion prevailed and the report reconsidered. .'.;.. 
 
 On motion of Mr. Paden, it was ordered that the board pass on the disputed 
 items severally, and that the building committee be authorized to settle with Daw- 
 son & Anderson, paying such claims as may be allowed by the board. 
 
 The clerk then read the first disputed claim for 15,000 brick placed in the 
 tower of the building, $255.00. ., :;;;; 
 
 Moved by Mr. Gale that the claim be allowed. Carried. 
 
 The next item was read, claim of $424.50, for extra cost of hardware in door 
 trimmings. 
 
 Moved by Mr. Cooke that the claim be allowed.' . 
 
 Ayes and nays were called as follows: 
 
 Ayes Messrs. Paden, Gale, Boydstun, Cooke, Olson, Townsend, Glisson, 
 Robson, Hurd, Miles, Leighton, Aindrews, Sloan 13. 
 
 Nays Messrs. Hunter, Mosser, McKee, Sisson, May, Luther Clark, Simp- 
 son, Rebstock, Parker, Chas. S. Clark and Gibbs ii. / . 
 
 The motion prevailed and the claim was allowed. 
 
 The next claim, $292, for change in window cases, was read. :;.-.; 
 
 Mr. Miles moved to allow $192 on the claim. ' 
 
 Ayes and nays were called as follows: ? ;> 
 
 Ayes Messrs. Paden, Gale, Boydstun, Cooke, Olson, Townsend, Glisson, 
 Robson, Hurd, Miles, Leighton, Andrews and Sloan 13. 
 
 Nays Messrs. Hunter, Mosser, McKee, Sisson, May, Luther Clark, Simp- 
 son, Rebstock, Parker, Chas. S. Clark and Gibbs ii. 'V 
 
 The motion prevailed. , . ' - 
 
 The next item, $2.000 clerical error in addition, was read. ;' . 
 
 Mr. Olson moved to allow the item. ': :: 
 
 Ayes and nays were called as follows: . 
 
 Ayes Messrs. Gale, Cooke, Olson. Robson, Leighton and Sloan 6. 
 
 Nays Messrs. Hunter, Mosser, Paden, Boydstun, McKee, Sisson, May, 
 Townsend, Luther Qark, Simpson, Glisson, Hurd, Rebstock, Miles, Andrews, 
 Parker, Chas. S. Clark and Gibbs 18. 
 
 The motion was lost. -, - ' /'/ 
 
 The next item, $570, for concpete under inside walls, was read. ; <' 
 
 Mr. Cooke moved that it be allowed. -' . . . 
 
 Ayes and nays were called as follows: . .- r- 
 
 Ayes Messrs. Gale, Cooke, Olson, Robson, Andrews and Sloan 6. 
 
 Nays Messrs. Hunter, Mosser, Paden, Boydstun, McKee, Sisson, May, 
 Townsend, Luther Clark, Simpson, Glisson, Hurd, Rebstock, Miles, Leighton, 
 Parker, Chas. S. Clark and Gibbs 18. 
 
 The motion was lost. :. .,;. 
 
 The next item, $682.50, for basement floor, was read. '';;: 
 
 Moved by Mr. Boydstun that $500 be allowed on same. v 't " 
 
 Ayes and nays were called as follows: 
 
 Ayes Messrs. Paden, Gale, Boydstun, Cooke, Olson, Townsend, Robson and 
 Sloan . ; 
 
108 ?- HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY ;^:|;;; 
 
 : Nays Messrs. Hunter, Mosser, McKee, Sisson, May, Luther Clark, Simp- 
 son, Glisson, Hurd, Rebstock, Miles, Leighton, Andrews, Parker, C. S. Clark and 
 Gibbs 16. ... . . . - . 
 
 The motion was lost. ^ ^\ ^';?'. :?'. ''J/^. ; : 
 
 The next item, $770.00 for gallery front, was read. >/... = ' 
 Moved by Mr. Gale that the claim be allowed. .;.'-' ' . 
 
 .. Ayes and nays were called as follows: >'..- 
 
 Ayes Messrs. Gale. Cooke, Olson, Robson and Sloan 5. 
 
 Nays Messrs. Hunter, Mosser, Paden, Boydstun, McKee, Sisson, May, 
 Townsend, Luther Gark, Simpson, Glisson, Hurd, Rebstock, Miles, Leighton, 
 Andrews, Parker, Chas. S. Gark and Gibbs 19. . -.,.:,-.,.--. 
 
 The motion was lost. ' . , : ' 
 
 The next item $120.00 for 4 clock dials in tower, was read. -'; ' , ; 
 ; Moved by Mr. Cooke that the claim be allowed. Lost. .;' '; . . 
 ':- The next item $iio.oo, for vault door was read. ; ., .- : ,'- 
 
 Moved by Mr. Miles, that the item be allowed. ' - V ". :' 
 
 : Ayes and nays were called as follows : "' 
 
 Ayes Messrs. Paden. Gale. Boydstun. Cooke, Olson, Townsend, Glisson, 
 Robson, Miles. Andrews and Sloan ii. j . :. '"- 
 
 Xays Messrs. Hunter. Mosser. McKee, Sisson, May, Luther Clark, Sittipson, 
 Hurd. Rebstock. Leighton, Parker, C. S. dark and Gibbs 13. 
 
 The motion was lost. " ' I - 
 
 The last item. $489.00. difference between lime and cement mortar for floors. 
 
 Mr. Paden moved to allow $300.00 on this item. The motion was lost. 
 
 January Meeting, 1887. The following are the duties assigned to the janitor 
 by the committee and adopted by the board : 
 
 It shall be the duty of the janitor: ' r ^ ' ' . r ' . 1 :;;' 
 
 To receive and store the fuel. 
 
 Take charge of the heating apparatus and grates, and to keep each room in the 
 house suitably warm, and heat turned off when not needed. 
 
 To attend to the water supply and take care of all closets and wash-bowls. 
 
 To keep all offices, corridors, court rooms and jury rooms well cleaned and in 
 good order, and to keep in order the basement and attic. 
 
 To light the corridors and public rooms when needed, and turn off the lights 
 at proper time, the work to be done at proper hours so as not to interfere with 
 the use of the rooms ; to remain in the building all night to guard the same, or to 
 employ for the purpose a suitable person capable of taking charge of the heating 
 apparatus. 
 
 To keep the walks and lawns, when constructed, in proper condition, to em- 
 ploy at his own expense so much help as may be needed to properly perform the 
 whole work. ' . j . . 
 
 It shall be a condition of the agreement that he shall not leave the employment 
 on his own motion, except on thirty days' notice to the board in session, but shall 
 be liable to removal by the board at anytime. 
 
 : And your comhiittee would recommend that the compensation be $1,200 per 
 year. 
 
 On motion of Mr. Gale, the building committee was authorized to allow on the 
 disputed claims of Dawson & Anderson a sum not exceeding the amount of dam- 
 
HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY \ .. 
 
 ages which may be claimed by the county, of Dawson & Anderson, by reason of 
 delay in the completion of the building. 
 
 July Meeting, 1887. Mr. Gale read the report of the building committee on 
 walks, which was also laid over for future consideration. 
 
 Mr. Gale presented a list of all orders drawn on the treasurer on account of 
 construction of court house and all matters pertaining to the same, including heat- 
 ing, architect's fees, advertising, cistern, furniture, superintendent's salary, ex- 
 penses of building committee, grading, gas fixtures, mantels and sundries, which 
 was laid over for the inspection of the board and future action. 
 
 The report of the building committee in relation to walks being called up, was 
 read by the clerk as follows : . ... , 
 
 To the Honorable Board of Supervisors: 
 
 Your committee have made inquiry as to cost of various materials for pave- 
 ment of walks on court house grounds. ;. .; 
 
 They find the cost of hard burned brick, such as is used in the city, will not : 
 exceed lo cents per square foot. That the cost of Berea stone flagging laid, will 
 not exceed 27 cents. 
 
 That the competing propositions, something may be saved on the brick and pos- 
 sibly on the stone. 
 
 That the cost of asphalt concrete is not far from that of brick, and that con- 
 crete of Portland cement is about the same as stone. 
 
 The area of walks, exclusive of sidewalk on outside of the grounds, will be 
 12,000 to 16,000 feet, according to the plans to be adopted and width of walks. 
 
 The committee consider the concrete walks out of the question. ; 
 
 ' That the preference should be given to stone, except for the excess of cost. 
 
 That on grounds of economy, the committee recommend the use of brick for 
 material. = ;i;\.>' \ ; 
 
 They recommend the plan of walks heretofore proposed and now presented, be 
 adopted, subject to such modification as the committee may find expedient, not 
 materially increasing expense. 
 
 That the committee be authorized to contract for the materials and work on 
 the best terms practicable, by Advertisement or otherwise. 
 
 That the committee be authorized to build one-half the walks through the 
 centeriof the park and to agree with the city for the construction of sidewalks and 
 street curbing, the county paying the proportion of such expense paid by other 
 proprietors of frontage in like cases. - ? -''.?; 
 
 W. SELDEN GALE, Chairman. 
 
 On motion of Mr. Mathews, the report was accepted, and its recommenda- 
 tions concurred in, and the committee was instructed to contract and complete 
 the walks in accordance with the plans submitted, said walks to be made of good 
 hard burned brick, and to be completed as soon as possible. 
 
 A list of all orders to date on the county treasurer on account of labor and 
 material used in the construction of the new court house was presented, aggre- 
 gating $146,453.51. 
 
 Court house $113,631.16 
 
 Miscellaneous items 503.40 ' .' 
 
 Steam heating 7,072.67 '.;- 
 
 Architect 4,120.25 ;'. 
 
110 HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY - . 
 
 Advertising 81.50 
 
 ' Cistern 3O375 
 
 Furniture 10,280.45 
 
 ' Superintendent 2,853.50 
 
 Building committee 2,736.75 
 
 Sundry expenses of building committee 50-58 
 
 , Grading 2,146.56 
 
 . Mantels 706.00 
 
 Sundries 327-55 
 
 Gas fixtures 908.06 
 
 Sundry expenses and furnishings 722.33 
 
 Total $146,453.51 
 
 September Meeting, 1887. The clerk read the report of the building com- 
 mittee showing claims amounting to $684.53. | " 
 
 On motion of Mr. Gale the report was accepted and its recommendations con- 
 curred in. 
 
 Mr. Sisson stated that Prof. Richards, of the city council of the city of Gales- 
 burg, was present and desired to present a matter to the board in regard to the 
 walks to be built in the city park and bordering on the court house grounds. 
 
 By consent Prof. Richards addressed the board, stating that it had at one 
 time been contemplated that a walk 12 feet wide would be built on the center 
 line of Broad street continued through the park ; that it was not probable that a ' 
 street would be opened through the park and be paved between the elm trees, 
 making a driveway of about i6 or i8 feet wide and a walk laid on each side of 
 this driveway outside of the elms. He asked that the county board waive the 
 formality of a special assessment proceeding in court and arrange with the city 
 to bear the expense of this improvement equally. 
 
 And thereupon, on motion of Mr. Gale, the following resolution was adopted: 
 
 That the building committee be authorized to confer with the representative 
 of the city and agree on such division of the management and care of the park 
 and court house grounds as may seem to be most advantageous, and on a equi- 
 table division of the cost thereof. 
 
 (In offering the above resolution, Mr. Gale stated that the title to the ground 
 to be occupied by the proposed street or driveway, was somewhat doubtful, it 
 not being certain just where it rested, and before definite action on the proposi- 
 tion of Prof. Richards, the matter should be investigated. Clerk.) 
 
 January Meeting, 1888. ^ Your committee to whom was referred sundry 
 bills for labor and material in construction at court house and grounds would 
 beg leave to submit the following report on the matters before them. They have 
 examined the bills, and finding them correct, they recommend that orders issue 
 for their payment, aggregating $1,104.26. 
 
 On motion of Mr. Gale the report was accepted and its recommendations con- 
 curred in. 
 
 Mr. Gale read a further report of the same committee on other matters re- 
 ferred to them for consideration and action during vacation. , ... . ;. . 
 
 ', "' '^.:'' . / |. - ' . ', 
 
 To the Hon. Chairman and Gentlemen: 
 
 The building committee beg leave to report as to their proceedings in vacation. 
 
,^;;v^v" ;: HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY , ; ; : . 'ill 
 
 They have caused to be built of brick the walks on the grounds heretofore con-V; ;. 
 templated by the action of the board, except the walk in the center of the park; 
 they have furnished brick for sidewalks on the three sides of the county grounds 
 which have been laid by authority of the city. In this the rule usually adopted 
 in the construction of brick pavements in the city is followed, the practice in such 
 case being for the city to build the sidewalks and the proprietors furnishing either 
 in part or wholly the brick. Upon constructing the pavements, it was found 
 that additional filling was necessary for proper grades. This was increased by 
 some changes made by the city in the grade of the city's portion of the park. 
 They have made such additional filling and grading as seemed necessary. . . 
 
 As directed by the board, the committee have sought to make some agree- V 
 ment with the city government for such division and management of the park 
 and court house grounds as might seem advantageous, and for an equitable 
 division of the cost. - . 
 
 The park and court house grounds consist of what appears on the original 
 plat of the town in blocks 38 and 39 and a strip of land 6 rods in width appear- 
 ing as a street and separating the blocks. - ' ''.. 
 This street seems to never have been worked as a street, but the two blocks 
 and intervening space have been for more than thirty years inclosed together for 
 a park, most of the ground previous to that time being always open and in a ^-'^ 
 state of nature. At the time of the vote on the removal of the county seat, the C . 
 city as authorized by law, pledged to the county in case of removal, the east half ;;;<. 
 of the park grounds as a court house site, the title and occupancy then being in ^.jr 
 Knox college. The city procured from the college a deed to the county of block : 
 39, conditioned on its occupancy by a court house, and afterwards secured from 
 the college a deed of blocks 38 and 39, subject to the county's claim, to be used 
 exclusively as a park. '^ V^ . , , ;' ^-'^. '.^-'''~.': 
 
 The location of the court house has been made with regard to the situation - . 
 as supposed to be secured by these proceedings. .v, 
 
 As seemed to the committee equitable, the proposition was made to the city -^; ' ' 
 council that the county and city should each care for one-half of the grounds, :. 
 the county building, .all necessary walks to accommodate persons approaching .^ 
 the court house or crossing the grounds in any direction on the east half and join- V 
 ing the city equally in the cost of such walk as might be convenient on the divid- . :v 
 ing line. No direct answer has been received to the proposition. .' 
 
 ^ The committee learned through the newspapers that the city council had or- :.'.. 
 dered the opening of Broad street through the park, and the paving of the street 
 and sidewalks on each side of the street, the entire cost to be assessed against the 
 property abutting on the street. v ,; 
 
 The committee were advised that the right of the council to open Broad street. ' 
 through the park was at most doubtful. It seemed to the committee that so far 
 as the interests and convenience of the county at large was concerned, it was 
 very undesirable. They failed to see the justice and propriety of compelling the 
 taxpayers of the county outside the city limits to contribute to the expense of 
 such construction, of no use whatever for the purpose of approach to the county 
 buildings. The injustice seemed greater in the fact that the universal rule in . 
 the city in like improvements has been to charge only one-half the cost of im- 
 provements against the abutting property. They found the cost assessed against 
 
HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY ":^ 
 
 the county would amount to about one thousand dollars. Under these circum- 
 stances the committee thought it their duty to ask for an injunction, which would 
 at least delay the matter until the meeting of the board. An injunction was 
 asked for and obtained. The committee desire to refer the question to the board 
 to consider what further action should be taken. The committee made request 
 of the council to curb Cherry street on the east side of the grounds according to 
 the plans adopted two years ago, and for which the county paid an assessment. 
 They also asked that Tompkins and South streets be curbed, the county paying 
 the proportion of expense usually paid by holders of frontage for like improve- 
 ments. So far as is known to the committee, no action has been taken by the city. 
 
 In carrying out the instructions of the board, there has been expended on 
 the grounds by the committee: 
 Allowed and paid by the board at the September meeting to Neeley I 
 
 C. Woods for brick $ 304.02 
 
 Sundry bills for sand, cinders, earth and labor 386.51 
 
 Orders have been issued by the clerk since last meeting by direction of 
 
 the committee for items of earth delivered, for grading and work 
 ' ' on court house grounds, as shown by clerk's report of orders issued, 
 
 to the amount of 511-85 
 
 There have been also presented at this meeting bills the the payment 
 
 of which the committee has recommended 1,113.46 
 
 '". ^' ^:'f.:: . ; $2,315-84 
 
 . . , .V, ' \ W. SELDEN GALE, 
 
 ' '- '.::-:;;'';:. ^ -' .>...-, . ' R. w. MILES, 
 
 !:; . L. A. TowNSEND, 
 
 , ' ',";-''- ' . - '.- ' J.W.ANDREWS, ','': 
 
 JAMES PADEN. 
 
 On motion of Mr. McKee the foregoing report was accepted and the action 
 of the committee in relation to the matters therein contained approved. 
 
 Mr. Gale offered the following resolution which was adopted. -.!''.: { 
 
 That the building committee be instructed to purchase suitable beds and bed- 
 dings to lodge a jury in the court house. 
 
 Mr. Gale offered the following resolution in regard to the enlargement of the 
 jury box, which was adopted. 
 
 ' That the building committee be directed to secure a proper enlargement of the 
 jury box in the circuit court room. 
 
 April Meeting, 1888. Mr. Gale moved that the standing committees of the 
 board be the same in number, name and duties as last year. 
 
 Mr. May moved to amend by adding, except the building committee, and that 
 that committee be dispensed with. I 
 
 The ayes and nays being called for were taken with the following result: 
 
 Ayes ^Messrs. Hunter, George, Boydstun, Rearick, Cooke, Sisson, May, 
 Clark, Simpson, Sipherd, Stephenson, Allen, Rebstock, Becker, Mason, Baird, 
 Shaffer, McCrea and Barlow 19. 
 
 Nays Messrs. Latimer, Gale, McKee. Townsend, Robson, Andrews 6. 
 Carried. 
 
 And thereupon Mr. Gale's motion as amended was adopted. - >. 
 
;^^^:: ^ HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY : .}Vl ' J 113 
 
 V;.:VV'--:-'/'\A_. ->;.-;.-^ : .;_: .:. ;';^f.-\- 
 
 Mr. May moved a vote of thanks to the members of the board heretofore com- 
 posing the building committee for their efficient and faithful services connected 
 with the construction of the court house. Carried. 
 
 Mr. Simpson moved that a committee of five be appointed on court house 
 and grounds. Carried. . 1,. .';--; 
 
 Mr. May moved that the committee be appointed by ballot. Carried. 
 
 Mr. Steph(;nson moved that the five supervisors receiving the highest number 
 of votes be Declared elected. Carried. 
 
 The chairman appointed Mr. Richey and Mr. Stuckey tellers. ; /':;.?-.': 
 
 There were twenty-four full votes cast for the committee and one blank. ^ 
 
 Of which Mr. Gale received 20, Mr. Townsend 14, Mr. Robson 12, Mr. Sis- 
 son 9, Mr. Miles 8, Mr. Rebstock 8, Mr. May 7 and the others scattering. 
 
 Messrs. Gale, Townsend, Robson and Sisson, being the four receiving the 
 highest number of votes, were declared elected. Messrs. Miles and Rebstock 
 each receiving eight votes, Mr. Rebstock withdrew his name, and on his motion 
 Mr. Miles was declared elected. 
 
 April 1 8, 1888. Letter of Dawson & Anderson and agreement between Daw- 
 son & Anderson, Pittsburg Bridge Co., and Eagle Iron Works in regard to final 
 settlement of iron contracts for court house were read and referred to the same 
 committee; also copy of letter of county clerk to Dawson & Anderson, showing 
 statement of account in the matter of construction of court house. 
 
 April 19, 1888. Statement of Dawson & Anderson asking for an allowance 
 of $4,741.50, on account of errors in estimates and of items furnished but claimed 
 not to be required by the contract for the construction of the court house was 
 read. 
 
 One P. M. The hour for the special order of the afternoon having arrived, 
 Mr. E. A. Bancroft appeared and addressed the board in behalf of Dawson & 
 Anderson. 
 
 Mr. Bancroft having concluded his remarks, Mr. Latimer moved that the 
 matter be referred to the committee on court house and grounds to report at next 
 meeting of the board. . ''v/ - ^ : 
 
 The ayei and nays being called for resulted as follows : 
 
 Ayes Hunter, Latimer, George, Gale, Boydstun, McKee, Rearick, Cooke, 
 Sisson, Townsend, Clark, Simpson, Sipherd, Robson, Stephenson, Rebstock, 
 Becker, Andrews, Mason, Shaffer, Barlow, McCrea. . . '^ 
 
 Nay Allen, ../ :^;-..- - /;-.v >-->::.';.;v;-.;:--;,v;v; - ->," /^-i' .. ;.' '^'-''' .'''" 
 Tlje motion prevailed. 
 
 Mr. Gale read the following report of the same committee in relation to mat- 
 ters pending with Messrs. Dawson and Anderson. 
 
 State of Illinois, ) 7- .ij'^^ ^-''V. x --'; \; .;.->;.. . '.'->- 
 
 Knox County, j ^ ' , ; ; 
 
 BOARD OF SUPERVISORS, APRIL TERM, APRIL i8, A. D. 1888. ; ' 
 Mr. Chairman and Gentlemen of the Board of Supervisors: 
 
 . -v'. Your committee on court house and grounds in the matter of claims con- 
 . nected with the contract with Messrs. Dawson & Anderson, beg leave to report : 
 
 It appears that the amount found due Dawson & Anderson in February, 1887, 
 as appears by the record of the proceedings of the board, and by the account kept 
 by the county clerk, was $i 17,797.19 
 
 ' ' ' 
 
^ tv; : HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY . . ' '^.'^ . 
 
 '. ..'.;. ,i^. 'ixi;:t/' '. . ' " .' v - '^ .'' '' 
 
 Less payments which to this date amount to 113,631.16 
 
 Leaving a balance ....,,.' ...... i....$ 4,166.03 
 
 which amount has been held back to indemnify the county against any possible 
 claim against the county by parties sub-contractors for the iron work on the 
 court house. i 
 
 The papers referred to this committee show a settlement between these parties 
 and Messrs. Dawson & Anderson. 
 
 The committee recommend that these papers be filed and made matters of 
 record and that orders issue in conformity to such settlement as follows: ).' . , 
 
 To Eagle Iron Works, Detroit $3,750.00 
 
 The Frost 'Manufacturing Co 136.83 
 
 Williams, Lawrence & Bancroft lOO.OO 
 
 Dawson & Anderson 179.20 
 
 The committee further recommend that inasmuch as Messrs. Dawson & An- 
 derson were entitled to receive the amount of $4,166.03 one year and more ago, 
 and the amount has been withheld for the protection of the county, and it seems 
 but just that interest be allowed for this detention; that a further order issue 
 to Dawson & Anderson on account of interest to the amount of $250 or six per 
 cent, on the amount due them last year. 
 
 In the matter of petition of citizens who have sat on jury for enlargement 
 of jury box, we recommend that the request be complied with. 
 . All of which is respectfully submitted. . , ;;. ,'. Vr:.- ;,.; | 
 
 V . W. SELDEN GALE. Chairman. 
 
 DETROIT, MICH., MARCH 27th 1888. 
 IV. Selden Gale, Esq., Chairman Building Committee and the Commissioners 
 
 of Knox County, Galesburg, Illinois. -'' :'f^ ' .'. ::^ ^'; 'S'sCV'; '. ^X:' 1 
 
 GENTLEMEN : We attach hereto authority to Dickenson and Thurber, of 
 Detroit, Michigan, to settle for all claims in connection with the building of the 
 court house on behalf of the Pittsburg Bridge Company; also enclose a letter 
 directed to you signed by the Eagle Iron Works and Dickenson and Thurber, at- 
 torneys for the Pittsburg Bridge Company, empowering our firm to 'make settle- 
 ment with you and your county for all claims for building your court house 
 at Galesburg; also enclose a letter from Messrs. Dawson and Anderson directed 
 to you embodying an order that you pay to us the sxun of $3,750.00, and charge 
 the same to their account. ; ,':...':;.': ;V^ : I 
 
 Acting under the authorities shown by these letters we do hereby for and on 
 behalf of the Eagle Iron Works, and on behalf of the Pittsburg Bridge Com- 
 pany, fully and completely discharge you as chairman of the building committee, 
 and the building committee of the county commissioners of Knox county, and 
 the commissioners of Knox county and the county of Knox from all claims and 
 demands whatsoever growing out of, or in any way connected with the building 
 or building contracts for the building of the Galesburg court house. 
 
 We trust this will enable you to call your committee together and act upon it. 
 This discharge, however, to take effect only upon the acceptance and payment to 
 us of the sum of $2.750, in accordance with the enclosed order of Dawson and 
 Anderson, otherwise these papers to be returned to us. 
 
rv^v'>v'-^ ;/;.;;:: HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY V^:.';- 115 
 
 - If you need anything further from us kindly inform us, or let your attorneys 
 draw such papers as will answer the purpose. -' ; :":.' 
 
 ..-.V. ;';;:'. .;^ :. .r. V.. -^i ..;>.. Very truly yours, >:;,.. :."'V 
 
 ".--'.:-C^ '-''. ^^,'.''- .' .-^' ''';-;-'' ..^.. : MOORE & MOORE. /'^ 
 
 ' ''" ' -^v :f- V PiTTSBURG, March I7th, 1888. {'. 
 
 Commissioners of Knox Co., Gdesburg, III. 
 
 GENTLEMEN : We hereby appoint our attorneys, Messrs. Dickenson and Thur- 
 ber, of Detroit, Mich., to receipt for us, and in our name, in full for all amounts 
 due us on our claims against the Eagle Iron Works, Dawson & Anderson, and 
 yourselves. 
 
 . 'X '':'.''.'.,"' '.; ' .. ;V' .C:r."" ' V: Yours truly, :;?:.'!./:. -x:-- -'.--/..:"':::..; 
 
 - ; .' ^ ^ ^ ;, .: THE PITTSBURG BRIDGE Co., , 
 
 (SEAL) ;'-' . v - ; ': x^.' ' V; J- H. SAWYER, Sec'y. , 
 
 ' ' ; DETROIT, MICH., March 27, 1888. ;' 
 
 W. Selden Gale, Esq., Chairman of Building Committee of Knox Co., III. 
 
 DEAR SIR : Terms of settlement having been agreed upon between the Eagle 
 Iron Works and ourselves for work done and material furnished by them for 
 the Galesburg court house, you are hereby authorized to pay them or their order 
 three thousand seven hundred and fifty dollars ($3,750), and charge same to our 
 account. : 'V- :;>-.'^"': //;:;:>;.;;-:;/' -./'.^ .x;'-. . - '^:. "':':''..v^'- ' '^ '' 
 
 - - " '. ; -^ ': ' Very truly yours, -v -' 
 
 -'^ -''.'.''';' ^., --' '-V; "^ -'j ", . ,, DAWSON & ANDERSON. '' ; 
 
 - : ;. /^ V -. - DETROIT, March 20, 1888. ^ 
 
 W. Selden Gale, Esq., Chairman Building Committee, Galesburg, III. 
 
 DEAR SIR : Terms of settlement having been agreed upon between ourselves, 
 we hereby empower Moore & Moore to complete settlement with your county 
 for all claims for building court house and to give full discharge therefor. 
 
 Very truly yours, '> . ^ 
 
 v/.^-'.: \ !...-; ^';'- '-';/:'>;,/ 1,'. ;'./;;' EAGLE IRON WORKS, -.^>' 
 
 by C. J. O'HARA, Sec. and Treas. V 
 
 Dickenson & Thurber, attorneys for Pittsburg Bridge Co. 
 
 On motion of Mr. Cooke the foregoing report was adopted and its recom- 
 mendations concurred in. ;.;?;- ^ 
 
 Mr. Gale offered the following resolution, which on motion of Mr. McKee 
 was adopted. 
 
 That the committee on court house and grounds be authorized to procure an 
 enlargement of the jury box in circuit court room. ' ; ' :' -./ 
 
 A suitable book case to hold the law books owned by the county and kept for 
 use of circuit court. . ... . 
 
 A suitable case as asked for by county clerk for his office. '.'.''"' ''.'. 
 
 Such furniture as may be necssary for sheriff's office. ' .';'.'/:. 
 
 That the committee be authorized to make arrangements to procure water 
 for use of court house from the city, and have the stone work of the court house 
 repointed where needed. 
 
 That the same committee be authorized to join the city in the construction of 
 such walks as may be agreed on at the boundary of the county portion of pub- 
 lic grounds. 
 
 That the same committee be authorized to consent to such assessments by 
 
116 HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY ::->;''- 
 
 the city as are just and proper for pavements and curbing adjacent to court 
 house grounds, and be directed to protect the county from assessments which 
 may seem to be unjust or of doubtful propriety. 
 
 September Meeting, 1888. Mr. Gale presented the following report of the 
 building committee which was read, and action thereon deferred until the next 
 meeting of the board. :../'' '' .'. '-' ^V- 'i^ - : I; ; 
 
 To the Honorable Board of Supervisors: 
 
 The building committee, in reference to the claims of Dawson & Anderson, 
 court house contractors, beg leave to report: 
 
 Messrs. Dawson & Anderson claim an allowance not yet made them by the 
 board of the sum of $1,741.50. This sum is composed of three items: i 
 
 Concrete under inside foundation walls $570.00 
 
 Basement floor 682.50 
 
 Lime and cement in iron ceilings 489.00 
 
 This is work the committee required, believing it necessary to the proper 
 construction of the building, and claiming with some reason that it was included 
 in the specifications and plans. The work was done by Dawson & Anderson un- 
 der protest, they claiming their contract did not require it. The committee did 
 not feel authorized to order or allow for extra construction, and after settling 
 with the contractors for such claims as were indisputably due, referred these 
 matters to the board, believing if it shall appear to the board, that the terms 
 of the contract did not require the work, its necessity would be recognized, the 
 action of the committee approved and payment ordered. Upon re-examination 
 of the matter by the committee, under the reference made at the July meeting, the 
 committee is satisfied that the right to demand this work is at least doubtful, 
 that the contractors in bidding did not contemplate doing it, and in fact, have 
 done the work without pay for it. 
 
 They are of the opinion that there is at least a strong probability that the 
 contractors can legally recover, and they recommend that these items be paid. 
 These items include all that the contractors claim to be legally entitled to, be- 
 yond the payments already received. 
 
 They claim, however, that the county ought to allow them a further sum, a 
 claim not based on any legal right, but due them on grounds of equity and fair 
 dealing. 
 
 Their bid for construction was accompanied by a schedule in which was 
 set down the estimated cost of each item of work and material. The amount 
 bid was the sum total of these items, with addition of 5 per cent, to cover cost of 
 superintendence and contingent expenses. In this schedule there were three 
 important omissions. 
 
 Nothing was set down for the gallery front which cost them $ 770.00 ,. 
 
 The iron door of the vault costing i lo.oo , 
 
 The dial faces in the tower costing 120.00 
 
 Total $1000.00 
 
 The bid was further reduced in amount by an error in addition, the plaster- 
 ing being carried with the column of totals $2,000 less than the estimate. 
 
 As to these claims the committee made no recommendation. They do not 
 believe that the county can be legally obliged to make any allowance for these 
 
;X v' : < ^ ;^ HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY ^ - 117 
 
 errors of calculation. The appeal is made by them to a sense of justice and 
 such an appeal should be answered by each member of the board for himself, re- 
 garding, as he should, the opinion and wishes of his constituents. 
 
 It may be said in behalf of the contractors, the woodwork in the building 
 being very superior, both in workmanship and material, and although the con- 
 tractors succeeded in getting it very cheaply, considering its character, its cost 
 to the contractors, aside from the gallery front, exceeded the estimate in the 
 schedule, and it is the opinion of that member of the committee, who is best 
 qualified to judge of such work, Mr. Robson, that the contract might have been 
 filled with work sufficiently inferior and cheaper to have saved the loss, even 
 including the gallery front. The vault door is very cheap the result of a for- 
 tunate opportunity to buy at a bargain. \. j 
 
 The contractors have been held to a rigid performance of the contract to 
 a degree unusual in public work. They have done honest and faithful work. 
 If all their claims were allowed, the cost of the building to the county would 
 be less than anybody else offered to do the same work for. The contractors 
 would still be large losers, and the committee do not believe the work could 
 have been done, and as well done by anybody at the cost. . ., . . ,.. 
 
 Respectfully submitted, ' i '.- v " v 
 
 '.,;-.;_'.;.-....'' .-:;".'';'/ ;;.;':-; W. SELDEN GALE, .^'v"'^:, :.,;: 
 
 ^-'.' V.' '" ''':'-.''. '';'. ' .';' ^ /,- -.;..;-. ". '\.-i^:V' LEON A. TOWNSEND, ^-'^-^^ 
 -;, '':-',;-. '.. ': '';'' - ;'^-:: .'^;v"' 'c :'^ V :'' '" V ; . WM. ROBSON, .. . .^ ..;.,/;; I ; 
 
 ; .'''':. :;"".: ..?'.'-.; ;'. .r''; ...;::;;' ^-Cv.;,:; v^^-^-v^'-; '' ' ^ R. w. MILES, -'.;''''. ^v'i-Vi^V-'' 
 
 ^' ' ;-^ ";-.: :.'::;; .-:- '':"''.':. c' ' H. M. SiSSON. """ ' "'''.'"" 
 
 January Meeting, 1889. On motion of Mr. Gale, the report of the build- 
 ing committee in relation to Dawson & Anderson, filed at the last meeting of 
 the board, was taken up for consideration and read by the clerk. 
 
 Mr. Gale moved that the three items : ;:--.* N, v 
 
 Concrete under interior walls of court house $ 570.00 
 
 Concrete floor in basement of court house 682.50 
 
 And a difference in cost of concrete used over iron arches in the 
 
 court house over that claimed to be required by the contract 489.00 
 
 And aggregating 1741.50 
 
 be allowed and paid, on condition that the amount be received in full of all claims, 
 whatsoever, by said Dawson & Anderson against Knox county, on acconut of 
 the construction of the court house and of all matters growing out of the same. 
 Carried. 
 
 Mr. Gale read the following report of the committee on building and grounds : 
 State of Illinois, ) ,..,:-.-.- . ,. ' .-. .- 
 
 I QQ _'. . ' '-. f' .'.'.'''' . . - _ :','', ~. ' '- ' '"..'' * . -^ '.- .-.,.' 
 
 Knox County, j " '- ;.....--.. 
 
 BOARD OF SUPERVISORS, J.\NUARY SESSION, JANUARY 9, A. D., 1889. ?' , ,; 
 Mr. Chairman and Gentlemen of the Board of Supervisors: ;";,. .. . 
 
 Your committee on building claims would beg leave to report that they have 
 examined all claims presented to them, and recommend the payment of the fol- 
 lowing, and that the clerk be directed to issue orders on the county treasurer to 
 the claimants for the several amounts allowed as follows, to-wit: - 
 
 Conant Bros. Furniture Co., jury box, bill $28.15, allow $ 23.65 
 
 Same, new furniture for offices 743.67 
 
; ' HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY :::\ : - ^- ^ ;; " 
 
 '. " . '- . ' '..- '-' 
 
 / Robert A. Ross, setting up furniture ................. ".'. .,'... 1 . . . 10.45 
 
 - , Parry & Stevens, work on jury box 17-42 
 
 , All of which is respectfully submitted, ' ^ ?.,: 'r', 
 
 ^ . :.v:.^., . ;; ' - W, SELDEN GALE, 
 
 '-''-. '.:?^.'--;>:;^';; .. ' .'':,',/-""':'.'''.. R. W. MILES, 
 V ' ' '"^ ' ' ' ' H. M. SISSON. 
 
 On motion of Mr. Sisson, the foregoing report was accepted and its recom- 
 mendations concurred in. 
 
 At the January meeting, 1889, a final report of the committee on buildings 
 and grounds was made and a final payment was made Dawson & Anderson, 
 general contractors on account of the building. Final settlement was also made 
 for furniture and putting same in place. These two payments were the final 
 payments and completed the building so far as it had been planned up to that 
 time. 
 
 At the April meeting, 1889, there was a reorganization of the committees, 
 when the committee on buildings and grounds was dropped. ;v "';;.;- j 
 
 Full reports of the progress of the work on this court house have been in- 
 corporated in this history, but we deem it a matter of historic value to add a 
 complete copy of the annual report of the county clerk, which was submitted 
 to the board of supervisors at the September meeting, 1889, as it shows the 
 financial condition of Knox county after the payment of every bill incurred in 
 the construction of the court house. Not a bond had been issued in aid of 
 this construction. An annual tax, sufficient to care for the annual progress 
 in the work on the building, had been levied and many of the tax payers of the 
 county found it difficult to believe that the work was completed and paid for. 
 There was cash on hand September i, 1884, the sum of $23,089.36. The board 
 made a levy that fall of $80,000 for all purposes. Out of this all bills for 
 court house construction were paid besides all bills for the current expenses 
 for the county the ensuing year, leaving $22,034.43 on hand, September i, 1885. 
 The city of Galesburg owed the county $10,000 for the fire-proof, which would 
 make $32,034.43 at the disposal of the county board for the ensuing year. The 
 board thereupon again levied $80,000 for all purposes, which made an aggre- 
 gate of $113,034.43, with which to pay current expenses and work on the court 
 house from September i, 1885 to September i, 1886. The financial statement 
 for September 1886, shows amount on hand $13,474.75. It was thought best 
 to levy a tax for $80,000, which would make an entire clean-up of all expendi- 
 tures on account of the new court house and all furnishings connected there- 
 with. This was done and the following report shows the result: | 
 
 September, 1889. The following is the county clerk's annual statement : 
 
 . GALESBURG, 111., Sept. lo, 1889. 
 
 To the Honorable Board of Supervisors: 
 
 . I herewith present the county treasurer's financial statement for the year 
 ending September i, 1889, showing cash on hand $18,788.62. This amount ac- 
 cording to past experience will probably be sufficient to pay all demands upon 
 the treasury until receipts are realized from the collection of taxes. 
 
 The proceedings of the board have been published and distributed as pro- 
 vided by law. 
 
 It will be remembered that Dawson & Anderson claimed a balance due them 
 
-'^ HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY -'^ 119 
 
 of about $4,840.50, which the board had refused to allow. At the Januaty 
 
 -: meeting of 1889, the matter was again considered, and three items of said claun. 
 
 aggregating $1,741.50, were allowed on condition that the amount be received 
 
 ; in full of all claims whatsoever by said Dawson & Anderson against Knox 
 
 : county on account of the construction of the court house, and of all matters 
 
 '1 growing out of the same. The amount was paid and accepted on the terms 
 
 named. The sheriff's office has also been equipped with furniture at a cost 
 
 ; of $313.17. At the July meeting of 1887, a detailed statement of orders issued 
 
 ;.. on account of court house construction was presented and published, aggregat- 
 
 ' ing $146,453.51. All orders issued since then have been published in detail, 
 
 . but it will doubtless be interesting to the board and the people to see a sum- 
 
 ;. mary of the whole thing, including the items above mentioned. I therefore 
 
 : V present them as follows, viz: . .^';: ";.;',';.. .:: -'C'-V; 
 
 -. Court house $120,293.59 ''; 
 
 _ ; Steam heating 7,072.67 >; 'X^ 
 
 ; , ; Architect 4,120.25 :; ":^ ; 
 
 Advertising 81.50 ' . ./ 
 
 ::;x Cisterns 3O375 x.:' : 
 
 . :. Furniture 10,601.12 K / 
 
 , , Superintendent 2,853.50 .*-, 
 
 . -. Building committee 3,160.83 . : 
 
 Grading 2,607.16 - ^>:/ 
 
 Sundry expenses 1.049.88 ' .' : 
 
 'V Gas fixtures 908.06 '.:''':-'!: 
 
 Mantels 706.00 ^V.; 
 
 : ; Walks 1,941.74 ''':]: 
 
 Carpets 560.95 ; ;- : 
 
 Total $156,261.00 ' 
 
 The ordinary accumulation of papers and files has made it necessary to pro- 
 cure some furniture not included in the above. They are omitted because they are 
 such as will be called for from time to time in the future, and are not properly 
 chargeable to the account of construction, unless the account is to be kept open for 
 all time, as is the practice of railway companies. ?;;;- .: ;: 
 
 The following is a statement of the amount of claims allowed during the year 
 compared with those allowed during the year 1888. It should be borne in mind 
 that in making these statements, the year is reckoned from September ist to Sep- 
 tember ist: 
 
 -^''..^-..^:''''^-.-:\^:--^'----''^'.::'-:^--.':^^^^^ l888 ^ /;- 1889 ' 
 
 Salary for county judge $ 1,500.00 $ 1,500.00 
 
 Miscellaneous bills, including supervisors' services .... 2,549.32 1,834.48 
 
 Judiciary and clerk's offices 3,512.27 2,845.22 
 
 Jail and jail expenses 5,871.70 7,031.35 
 
 Jurors circuit court, orders paid 5,579-O5 4,703.55 
 
 Jurors county court, orders paid 444.10 520.50 
 
 Foreign witnesses 129.06 295.50 
 
 Roads and bridges 2,906.00 1,936.95 
 
 Alms house and farm .' 10,978.29 9,579-93 
 
120 : HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY ^ - : ' 
 
 Outside pauper claims 2,023.73 1,447.94 
 
 Charitable institutions 687.03 . 615.31 
 
 Stationery and printing 1,803.21 1,977.06 
 
 Wolf bounty 360.00 127.00 
 
 Janitor 1,200.00 1,200.00 
 
 Election 1,483.50 
 
 Fuel 549.70 . 580.97 
 
 Refunding taxes ii-77 ^- "''- 3.27 
 
 Interest account 95-O2 23.43 
 
 Court house 4,4i7-53 i,74i-5O 
 
 Walks 1,780.64 . 152.50 
 
 Grading 460.60 
 
 Building committee 308.30 i3-6o 
 
 Carpet 560.95 
 
 Court reporter 630.25 . . 685.00 
 
 Court house and grounds 499-52 
 
 Furniture for sheriff's office . \-^ 3^3-^7 
 
 Attorney's fees, injunction suit 150.00 
 
 Criminal costs Henry Co 120.05 
 
 $48,478.57 $4i,;36i.25 
 
 It is gratifying to note that the expenditures of the county have returned to 
 a normal figure ; that even with the purchase of nearly $800 worth of new furni- 
 ture and the payment of $1,740 to Dawson & Anderson, the amount expended is 
 somewhat below the usual levy of six years ago. 
 
 It would seem that a levy of $40,000 would be sufficient for the year. ' 
 It is with pain that I mention the fact that the office of the clerk of the cir- 
 cuit court became vacant by the death of Mr. Josiah Gale by a railroad accident 
 near Esterbrook in the state of Colorado on the 29th of August last. The sad 
 news reached us in the forenoon of the 3Oth. His honor. Judge Glenn, of the 
 circuit court, was appraised of the occurrence and after consultation with the 
 attorneys and others interested, the appointment of Mr. George W. Gale, brother 
 of deceased, to fill vacancy until a successor shall be elected, was made by Judges 
 Glenn and Pleasants, and the governor was notified of their act. 
 
 Respectfully submitted, ! 
 
 ' . ; : 'v- /: ' ''_.'::.-' ALBERT J. PERRY, County Clerk, ':_... 
 
 Thus was completed and equipped with every convenience for the county of 
 Knox an elegant court house, thoroughly well built in every particular, for the 
 sum of $156,261.00. It has one fault. It was thought that glass was more ex- 
 pensive than stone, the windows were made small to lessen the cost and there- 
 fore the halls and some of the rooms are rather dark. With larger windows the 
 building would be almost faultless. 
 
 The writer here desires to make a few statements in addition to all the record 
 history given in relation to the building of this court house. At the commence- 
 ment of this work the board of supervisors was composed of the following indi- 
 viduals: . . ,^ . : -. 
 
 M. B. Harden, from Indian Point township. - :;.;.;'.;.;';; 
 
 J. S. Latifner, from Cedar township. , :?.:;.' 
 
:- '\V HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY - 3- 121 
 
 James Paden, from Galesburg township. ,- ; . ;-- ' x/: 
 
 W. Selden Gale, from city of Galesburg township. - '\ ,:.'.';,' 
 
 Milo D. Cooke, from city of Galesburg township. . ;; ; .'.. , 
 
 S. H. Olson, from city of Galesburg township, '.j; - - /' \. 
 
 Thomas McKee, from city of Galesburg township, n'v. . - / 
 
 Geo. W. Foote, from city of Galesburg township. - ; '! / . 
 
 Samuel Rankin, from Henderson township. ' .; . , 
 
 Samuel W. May, from Rio township. ;.' \;^v . . ?:.;:;; 
 
 Leon A. Townsend, from Chestnut township. .; .. .; . . :..... . .-.. 
 
 :.-.'.; -.-;. . ' . : -r, '_> -. 
 
 Luther Clark, from Orange township. . i ^^ ,; . '1 
 
 A. G. Charles, from Knox township. ' '=/.. ; ^ = / ' 
 
 Harvey Montgomery, from Knox township. ; .' ' ''" 
 
 William Robson, from Sparta township. , . > ^ :- ;..-?: 
 
 J. W. Allen, from Ontario township. v^^'-y'; ':',.::>:' . - ^^ 
 
 Joshua Boynton, from Maquon township. ' ' . ^i ' t : . 
 
 James Rebstock, from Haw Creek township. ; . ' : -f ' . . J 
 
 E. J. Wyman, from Persifer township. ;:/V;,..h/ : - V 
 
 Wm. H. Leighton, from Copley township. . r , ' . 
 
 John W. Andrews, from Walnut Grove township. i-.: r -.^ '.:.;> 
 
 John Sloan, from Salem township. - '-,''..' 
 
 A. G. Mathews, from Elba township. '::';'.'., , ;;.... 
 
 W. H. Parker, from Truro township. ..--.'.., : ^ 
 
 r' .* '" . . '-''-.- , ' "^ '- .'-'>' . 
 
 C. P. Sansbury, from Victoria township. ;: .;;^^';::r^ .^;: - ' ^r / 
 
 W. B. Todd, from Lynn township. '' ' ' . - . 
 
 Mr. R. G. Mathews was elected chairman and the building committee was 
 composed of the following persons : Sloan, Robson, Gale, Charles, Harden, Leigh- 
 ton. In 1885 Mr. Miles was placed on the building committee in the place of 
 Charles, not in the board. In 1886 Mr. Townsend was placed on the building 
 committee in the place of Harden, not re-elected. In 1887 Mr. Andrews was 
 placed on the committee in the place of Miles and Mr. Miles was added to the 
 committee by vote of the board. In 1888 the name of the committee was changed 
 to court house and grounds. The new committee consisted of Gale, Robson. 
 Townsend, Sisson and Miles. It will be seen that Mr. Gale and Mr. Robson were 
 the only members who remained on the committee from the beginning until the 
 completion of the court house. The only members who are still living who were 
 on the board at the time the work was begun are S. H. Olson, Samuel Rankin, 
 Samuel W. May, Leon A. Townsend, Harvey Montgomery, James Rebstock and 
 John W. Andrews seven members still living and nineteen gone to their long 
 
 home. [-.':.:. ^. ^.'' ['":-.-'::::'--:,.' \-.'^.- ''./-...: '.' 
 
 As already stated, it was the writer's privilege to have been county clerk and 
 clerk of the board of supervisors during the period of court house construction, 
 and therefore to have been intimately acquainted with all of these men, and he 
 feels at liberty to speak somewhat freely in regard to them. The long contest 
 over the removal of the county seat from Knoxville to Galesburg had divided 
 the county into two opposing camps, each camp made up of selected men who 
 were elected for the express purpose of looking closely after that one interest. 
 The board contained an unusual proportion of bracing men. It ranked high for 
 its business capacity and strict integrity. Not a man was placed there through 
 
\%>;--:\. ,'- HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY 'v^-V-^v- ;/';:; 
 
 his own machinations, but purely because the people wanted him. It is doubtful 
 if the legislature of the state of Illinois, or in fact any other state, ever contained 
 a higher percentage of upright and capable men. Each man had fought to the 
 limit for the people he represented in the county seat contest, and when the bat- 
 tle was over and the order to build was voted, there was not a single obstructionist 
 in the board, but all turned their attention and their best efforts to securing a 
 good building at the lowest price. Not one dollar of graft was ever paid to any- 
 one on account of any work connected with that job. The actual cost of the 
 building was about $7,co more than the county paid for it, and it was only by 
 the careful management of the building committee that the job was completed at 
 all by the contractors. If the committee had done differently, the contractors 
 would have failed before the close of the year 1885, and the work have been re- 
 let to some other parties at a jnuch higher price. The contract provided that 
 monthly estimates of work done should be made and paid for, less 15% to be 
 retained by the committee. It soon became evident that the stone work would 
 cost many thousands of dollars more than was bid, and that if the contract were 
 adhered to strictly, the work could not be finished. It was made to appear to 
 the committee that a good profit would come to the contractor in the plastering, 
 glass, iron and woodwork. This work was to be done and paid tor later, so the 
 committee, rather than bankrupt the contractor at the start, take the job off his 
 hands and find some other way to complete it, chose to pay the full amount of 
 each monthly estimate, and on one occasion overpaid the sum of $2,cxx). This 
 assistance enabled the contractor to complete the job, but owing to his mistakes 
 in figuring, omissions and possibly bad management, his profits on the other 
 classes of work did not make him whole. 
 
 The next work of importance connected with the court house, was the instal- 
 lation of the electric lighting plant, the telephone system and the remodelling of 
 the heating plant, which covers the extension of these three conveniences to the 
 jail. If the board had realized the full cost of this work, it is somewhat doubtful 
 whether it would have been done, but they are very great conveniences, we 
 may almost say necessities, under the modern way of living and doing business. 
 After more or less discussion in the board, the work was begun in the summer of 
 1906, and the first report was made to the board at the September meeting. These 
 reports are sufficiently explicit to show the improvements and are therefore 
 given without further comment. 
 
 December Meeting, 1906. Your committee on the installation of the electric 
 light and power plant have examined the report of Adkins-Smeeton Co., and find : 
 
 1. That there is an error in said report in stating the cost of the light and 
 power plant and the office telephone system as follows : The item amounting to 
 $557.95, with credits of $134.52, leaving a balance of $423.43, in the bill of Henry 
 Newgard & Co., is stated in the auditors' report to be for "extra work, feeders 
 underground," whereas, the bill of this item shows that every dollat- thereof was 
 for material for the underground system and none of it for labor. 
 
 This error is misleading in that it apparently increases the labor bill by the 
 
 sum of $423.43. ^- ; :.:.;;;;:';'-'::' .-,:,:-;;; .>.'': -TV 
 
 2. We further note that the auditors' report shows an alleged overcharge 
 for labor on the jail feeders of $1,114.83. 
 
 In order to reach this result, the auditors have, evidently by unintentional 
 
;:;;;;-:->'.:'' HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY ; :; - 
 
 mistake, duplicated an item of $799.50, expended for labor, charging this amount 
 first to the telephone system, and again afterwards to the jail feeders. 
 
 The auditors' report makes an "analysis of cost," in which the total cost 
 of the telephone system is figured at $1712. In this amount is included a bill of 
 Henry Newgard and Co., for $1542.85, consisting of materials amounting to 
 $514.35, and labor as follows: .. ^- </ ; ^; x-; :^:\f ;^''::'v . -. -; " ^ 
 
 Colly, 282 hours $211.50 
 
 X, Nordberg, 365 hours 219.00 ' 
 
 ; : Hall, 333 hours 199.80 
 
 I Johnson, 284 hours 1 13.60 y 
 
 ; : Krouse, 280 hours 168.00 C; 
 
 ; >: Crane, 224 hours 89.60 ^^ 
 
 ; :J Allen, 2 hours 1.20 .:V; 
 
 Carpenter, i8 hours io.8o 
 
 Plasterers, 25 hours 15.00 ' 
 
 " ' ' Total :', V. $1,028.50 ' '' 
 
 When the auditors come to analyze the cost of the jail feeders, they again in-; 
 elude a labor item amounting to $799.50. This item consists of the same labor 
 above mentioned and already charged to the telephone system, apparently as fol- 
 lows : 
 
 Colly, 282 hours $21 1.50 . v 
 
 Nordberg, 365 hours 219.00 ' '^ 
 
 Hall, 333 hours 199.80 :':. 
 
 .'. Krouse, 280 hours i68.oo / 
 
 ;. Allen, 2 hours 1.20 
 
 Total $799-50 
 
 Thus according to the auditors' "analysis," this item of $799.50 is duplicated 
 and charged to the jail feeders when in fact it has already been charged to the 
 telephone system. In this way, by adtling this sum of $799.50 to the correct bill 
 for the jail feeders which amounts to $448.16, the auditors' report figures the total 
 labor cost of the jail feeders to be $1,247.66, or nearly three times the true amount 
 thereof. 
 
 It is therefore evident that the auditors' finding as to the over charge of labor, 
 being based on these incorrect figures, is also incorrect. .: 
 
 3. We further report that in figuring the alleged overcharge the auditors have 
 estimated the labor cost on the jail feeders to amount to $138.83. This estimate 
 is not based on any inspection of the work actually done, nor upon any expert 
 knowledge of its cost or its value, but is based solely upon an estimate as to the 
 time required for the work apparently founded on Mr. Allen's report. Mr. Allen's 
 report in this particular is evidently defective and incomplete, inasmuch as the 
 auditors estimate the time of work required on the jail feeders at 271^ hours when 
 it is evident to any one who will carefully inspect the work, that it could not, by 
 any possibility, have been completed in that length of time. -. . . . : 
 
 Your committee further calls the attention of the board to the fact that the 
 total labor cost on the jail feeders is $448.16 instead of $1,247.66. as stated in the 
 auditors' report ; that this item of $448.16 includes not only the digging of the ditch 
 
124 V : HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY ; ^ . 
 
 for the conduits, but also cutting through the heavy foundations of the court 
 house and jail, repairing the same with concrete and cement, and putting them in 
 as good condition as before, taking up and relaying the side walk in three places, 
 taking up and relaying the pavement on Cherry street, which was crossed diag- 
 onally, and the placing and tamping down of three iron pipes constituting the 
 conduit. This work was done in the winter when the ground was frozen and in 
 refilling the trench, the dirt had to be dissolved in water. In addition to the 
 cost of laying the conduit there was the labor of pulling the cable and wires 
 through the conduits and putting them in place. 
 
 -^ ;;.. ^ ;. JAMES A. EPPERSON, 
 
 ''.'/'' J':>-'-r, ' \ ,/,.'; ; /. -'^ E. V. ALLEN, 
 
 E. P. ROBSON. 
 
 An extended discussion followed relative to matters pertaining to the special 
 reports of the lighting committee by Supervisors McDowell, Gale, Latimer, 
 Robson, Epperson, McWilliams and Burkhalter. 
 
 On motion of Mr. McWilliams the board adjourned until one o'clock p. ni. 
 
 One o'clock p. m. Board met pursuant to adjournment. 
 
 Present Same as this forenoon. .''-. : - ^ V,:- > ;'':.n ':'!' ' 
 
 Mr. Robson of the jail committee then made further verbal statements rela- 
 tive to the lighting plant for the court house and jail and the discussion of that 
 subject and the telephone system was resumed by various members of the 
 board. 
 
 December meeting, 1906. Statement of the cost of the purchase and in- 
 stallation of the electric light and power plant for the court house and jail and 
 telephone system for same buildings. 
 
 Contract price with Henry Newgard & Co., which included wiring of 
 ' buildings, engine, generator and storage battery, and the connecting 
 
 of the engine with the steam plant of the court house $ 5.311.00 
 
 Extra on larger engine and generator than stated in original contract 150.00 
 
 Contract price with David J. Braun Mfg. Co., fixtures 2,834.20 
 
 Hanging fixtures (Henry Newgard & Co.) not in original contract.. 200.00 
 Material and labor on underground conduits not contemplated when |- . 
 
 original specifications were made 871.59 
 
 Light bulbs, glass shades, and fuses, not included in contract 594.48 
 
 Total cost of lighting plant $9,961.27 
 
 Material and labor necessary for repairing and remodeling the steam 
 plant and placing same in safe condition for furnishing power, 
 which said material and labor was found to be necessary only after 
 the work of connecting the steam plant with the engine was begun $ 2,635.25 
 
 The telephone system, which was a separate job from the others and 
 not contemplated when the original contract was let, was installed 
 along with the wiring for lighting plant because deemed an econ- 
 omy of time and labor $ 1,712.60 
 
 Edwin A. Allen, superintendent, which item of cost covers the super- T 
 intendence and inspection of the three foregoing jobs, viz: wiring 
 and installing of electric plant, hanging fixtures, remodeling heat- 
 ing plant, and installation of telephone system 654.28 
 
/^;'-'^;':v;.;''v.;;--:.'v.; HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY ^,;v - ;^;.;;; 
 Extra janitor service 664.90 
 
 Total cost of lighting and power plant, heating plant and telephone. $15,628.30 
 One bill, "Job No. 8888 contract" included in auditors' 
 
 report and which bill is not allowed or to be allowed. .$74.62 ',;.; 
 Error in statement of American Electric Supply Co., and ;; i'' 
 
 . amount actually paid i .00 75-^2 
 
 Making the total as per auditors' report $15,703.92 
 
 . The bills for all the above amounts, and the receipts for the payments 
 thereon, or for county orders issued therefor are on file in the county clerk's 
 office. 
 
 Out of the total cost of the lighting plant, $9,961.27, there might be de- 
 ducted an amount of about $2,500.00, being the estimated cost of engine, gen- 
 erator and storage battery, making a cost of $7,461.27 as the amount necessary 
 to have been expended in order to purchase electric current. 
 
 Amounts paid Galesburg Gas & Electric Light Company for lighting county 
 ^ail and court house : 
 
 . ; .. For the year 1901 $ 643.38 V /-:, 
 
 For the year 1902 882.10 . .y;' '.. 
 
 : For the year 1903 947-54 ^: 7'$.; 
 
 ; For the year 1904 1,023.10 'v'",' 
 
 For the year 1905 1,253.26 r^ - 
 
 ''>"'V'' ^'- ; . ''...':' - - V- '.^"-'f' :''.-'.,;:..;;/;'.{... JAS. A. EPPERSON, '".:.".'-/;''' 
 
 '^. '^." ''.'_; . "''.-''"';.'-;'''.'- V'^X. /-'.-;' E. p. ROBSON, - . . \:- ?''V''^ 
 
 ;:';;./.;.. ',.:'^V ' ' - , .^V7''v'''' '''';.' Vv-V, J. L. MclLRAVY, ;';;V 
 
 '''::'"'''''/'.':','' '.. X"'--''''^r'/';"r''^';''^'. !'''"" \:' J- L. BURKHALTER, '^:',-:;., 
 
 ':-i^V '.;'.. ". : ' : , '. .";--/.;!>v:. ':.':.'' ,:-:-V.:;>,--^;, E. V. ALLEN, "/\^-'',--' 
 
 ''. '.''''':' /." -';'-^- '.-i'-' ".'.^' ' '. .''..^'-^'--''''' --...-.. Committee. : . 
 
 ;. ; " FIRE PROOF BUILDING KNOXVILLE ;;^-l:- 
 
 An account of the construction of the building known as the fire proof at 
 Knoxville may properly be considered as a supplement to the account of court 
 house building. It was begfun in the summer of 1854 and was settled for in full 
 February 9, 1856, although the receipt was not filed until the May meeting, 1856. 
 
 The following is the brief record history of the construction of this building: 
 
 June meeting, 1854. At the June meeting of the board of supervisors 1854 
 bids for the construction of fire proof offices were presented, opened and acted 
 upon as follows: 
 
 The board in pursuance to notice given now proceeded to open the bids for 
 building fire proof offices, two bids only were offered, Samuel Fox having made a 
 bid for building the said offices of $5,375.00 and Edson Huggins for the sum of 
 $5,700.00. : . 
 
 On motion of Mr. Reynolds it was voted that the bid of Samuel Fox for 
 the fire proof offices be referred to the committee on public buildings to consult 
 with Mr. Fox in regard to the payments and the time of completing the same, etc. 
 
126 . HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY 
 
 ; The committee on public buildings and grounds to whom was referred the 
 proposition and to consult with Mr. Fox in reference to the building fire proof 
 offices now filed a report which was read and adopted by the board. 
 
 Resolved, That the bid of Samuel Fox be accepted upon the basis of the re- 
 port submitted this morning, in relation to the fire proof buildings, and that Z. 
 Cooley be appointed to superintend the building, construction and completion of 
 the same, and that the committee on public buildings close the contract, and take 
 bond of the contractor. 
 
 Mr. Gale moved to lay the resolution on the table till the next September 
 meeting of this board. ' %. ; - . ' .v; - "H.V -'-'r ; .J v/M-.'. i 
 
 Mr. Reynolds called for the yeas and nays on the motion, which resulted 
 as follows : 
 
 - Yeas W. S. Gale, J. McMurtry, R. Heflin, T. H. Taylor, J. Hammond, J. 
 G. Hamrick, G. W. Manley, J. H. Nicholson. Nays Daniel Meek, H. A. Kelly, 
 S. Collins, H. G. Reynolds, Wm. M. Dark, I. O. Stanley, A. Ward, M. B. Mason, 
 T. H. Ross, J. L. Jarnagin, Jonathan Gibbs. 
 
 The vote was then taken by yeas and nays on the passage of the resolution 
 which resulted as follows: - I 
 
 Yeas D. Meek, H. A. Kelly, S. Collins, H. G. Reynolds, Wm. M. Clark, 
 I. O. Stanley, A. Ward, M. B. Mason, T. B. Ross, J. L. Jamagin, Jonathan 
 Gibbs. Nays W. S. Gale. J. McMurtry, R. Heflin, T. H. Taylor, J. Hammond, 
 J. G. Hamrick, G. W. Manley, J. H. Nicholson. 
 : Resolution adopted. .:';;. :^ .: 'V >..,.,:;:,'.',,. |. O 
 
 By the December meeting the construction of the fire proof building had 
 reached a point where the board of supervisors found it advisable to adopt the 
 following resolution : 
 
 On motion it is ordered that the superintendent of the building of the fire 
 proof offices be authorized to draw orders in favor of Samuel Fox from time 
 to time in such sums as he shall judge advisable in accordance with the contract 
 between said Fox and the building committee. 
 
 The board of supervisors again took action on the fire proof building at the 
 January meeting 1856, as follows: . :. :.- .| ; 
 
 To the Hon. Body of Supervisors of Knojc county, III.: 
 
 Report of the committee to whom was appointed to examine the account of 
 Samuel Fox in building of the fire proof building do report that we have exam- 
 ined said account and find according to the best information we can get to be 
 correct, the said Fox agrees to have the two offices ready for occupancy in two 
 weeks and to have the building completed by the ist day of May for the per- 
 formance of which he agrees to give sufficient security, in consideration of which 
 your committee recommend that the board of supervisors make a final settle- 
 ment with said Fox and allow him over and above his account $500 for his time 
 and work not presented in his bill. Your committee find from examination of 
 the building and all the information that we can get that the work is done in the 
 most satisfactory manner. " '. '^ -: 
 
 Knoxville, July 15, 1856. . ; v'" 
 
 . , GEO. A. CHARLES, 
 
 ,: '-^..^ %:,;;-V^ , ' : "' . ] -^'; '-' -.' F. B. ROSS, ,^> 
 
 .'.-:-';':'' -.''"'..':'' I. R. JOHNSTON, ^^ 
 
 .-. ".T.'^"..'' .-. ' ' ^ . . ' , '.- - ,-'-' , ,' '' ;." '-'.:.' Committee. 
 
V: ;/:>;:::/,:- HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY . f-'^' 
 
 Mr. Gale moved that Mr. Fox be allowed $500 above the contract price, $350 
 to be paid now and $150 on the completion of the building. . r 
 
 Mr. Johnston moved to amend the motion of Mr. Gale by substituting the 
 report of the committee. 
 
 Motion on the amendment carried. ' . . -..-i 
 
 Moved that the report of the committee be adopted and that Samuel Fox 
 be allowed $1,167.39 above the contract price. Adopted. -^ .,-.;:;. :.v:-v' 
 
 ORDERED : That Geo. A. Charles be and he is appointed by the board to settle 
 with Samuel Fox on the completion of the fire proof offices according to contract. 
 ' On the 7th of January, 1856, the fire proof building was again the subject of 
 action by the board : ' ; 
 
 ORDERED: That Messrs. Morey and Cooley be authorized to have the fire proof ' 
 office fitted in a suitable manner and render bill at the next meeting of this board. 
 
 ORDERED: That the clerk issue an order on the treasurer in favor of Geo. A. 
 Charles for twenty-seven hundred dollars to pay to Samuel Fox on his con- 
 tract for building the fire proof offices upon said Fox filing and giving good 
 security for the finishing of said offices to be by him approved. 
 
 May meeting, 1856. Geo. A. Charles, who was appointed at the last meet- 
 ing of the board (in January last) to settle with Samuel Fox for building the 
 clerk's offices and to whom an order was passed by this board at that time for 
 the sum of twenty-seven hundred dollars for the purpose of making such set- ,. 
 tlement upon said Fox completing his contract, now files and presents to the 
 board receipts from said Fox for said sum which receipts are in the words and 
 figures following: '.'...; 
 
 It appears that Mr. Charles paid Samuel Fox upon said fire proof building 
 on February 9, 1856, the sum of $2,700 and receipts for the same having been 
 presented to the court his report of settlement with said Fox was received and 
 the following order entered: > 1 
 
 On motion it is ordered that the report of Geo. A. Charles in the business of 
 settling with Samuel Fox be received and that he be discharged. 
 
 This building was used as a fire-proof depository for the valuable records 
 of Knox county from the time of its completion until February, 1873, ^ period 
 of about seventeen years, when the county seat was removed to Galesburg. 
 The books were then put into a building also called the fire-proof, situated on 
 South Cherry street on the lot now occupied by the new city hall. This build- - ' 
 ing was used for the safe keeping of the county records until the new court 
 house was ready for occupancy. The county offices moved into the new court v' 
 house about January 5, 1887. : . ;..-:- .T^- . .: , -^ - -::=, .^ S;; '.- 
 
 ;x'>.r'.V^^> ;V / ; . THE COUNTY SEAT FIGHT . 
 
 The struggle for the final location of the seat of justice of Knox county 
 was characterized by much the same tactics on the two sides as has always 
 attended such social wars. It has been related in this history that the first 
 courts and elections were held at the house of John B. Gum, Esq.. who resided 
 on Section 32 in Henderson township at that time. On March 24, 1830, Rees 
 
128 .: . HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY -X;;!^ 
 
 Jones was employed to go to Springfield, Illinois, to purchase the southwest 
 quarter of Section 28, Knox township, which had been designated by law for 
 the permanent seat of justice for the county. This land was bought and paid 
 for and the court house and jail erected upon it. A portion, at least, of the land 
 so purchased was surveyed into streets and lots and sold at auction and thus 
 the town of Henderson (afterwards the name was changed to Knoxville) was 
 started as the permanent "seat of justice." The town of Galesburg was started 
 in 1836. Knox college was chartered in 1837 and thus there ^yas established a 
 competitor with Knoxville only five miles away. Both towns increased in pop- 
 ulation at about the same rate and did not differ very much until the advent of 
 the railroads in 1854 as the result of negotiations which had been in progress 
 for three or four years. No sooner had the railroad reached Galesburg than she 
 turned her covetous eyes to the county seat and quietly laid plans for wresting 
 the prize from Knoxville. The centering of the railroads from the north, south, 
 east and west and the location of shops and round houses at Galesburg gave the 
 town a boom that raised the population rapidly, doubling that of Knoxville sev- 
 eral times. 
 
 From that time on may be seen in the acts of the board of supervisors, 
 sometimes dimly, sometimes vividly, the out-cropping of this contest, each side 
 taking the aggressive and acting upon the defensive as the case demanded. The 
 aggressive policy of Galesburg was directed to an increase of its power and 
 influence in the county board ; its defensive policy to prevent all further im- 
 provements at Knoxville. The policy of Knoxville was upon the whole de- 
 fensive in resisting the growth of the power and influence of Galesburg. Both 
 parties sought legislative relief ; Galesburg by obtaining a bill for the division of 
 the township from the city in such a way as to increase its representation in 
 the county board ; Knoxville by inserting a clause in the new constitution touch- 
 ing the removal of county seats from a point away from the center of the 
 county to a point nearer the center of the county. T ' - 
 
 Quite a large part of this struggle will be found in the chapters on court 
 houses, jails and the alms house and poor farm. This chapter gives those pro- 
 ceedings of the county board which have a more direct bearing on the conflict 
 and it is therefore given under the heading "The County Seat Fight." The 
 first move was made by Galesburg in the spring of 1856. ; ,:.;. 
 
 At the spring election of 1856 an assistant supervisor for the town of Gales- 
 burg was voted for. Samuel W. Brown was elected and he presented his cer- 
 tificate of election at a special May meeting of the board and the following 
 action was taken. ' . - v; , : ^ . ^ I ' 
 
 Samuel W. Brown now presents to the board his certificate of election as as- 
 sistant supervisor of the town of Galesburg, together with a list of legal voters 
 of said township made under the authority of the township officers with the ap- 
 pointment of said officers to take the same from which it appears that said town- 
 ship contained 829 legal voters on the ist day of April last when on motion it 
 was voted that Samuel W. Brown be entitled to his seat as a member of this 
 board. 
 
 January, 1866. Mr. Gale presented a petition of citizens of Galesburg asking 
 a division of said town, which on motion of Mr. Gale was referred to a committee, 
 the chair appointing Messrs. Gale, \^aughn and Dunlap, with instructions to re- 
 port to the present meeting of the board. 
 
., THK FIRST KXOX COUNTY JAIL 
 
 THE OLD COURT HOUSE AT KNOXVILLE 
 
128 . HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY 
 
 Jones was employed to go to Springfield, Illinois, to purchase the southwest 
 quarter of Section 28, Knox township, which had been designated by law for 
 the permanent seat of justice for the county. This land was bought and paid 
 for and the court house and jail erected upon it. A portion, at least, of the land 
 so purchased was surveyed into streets and lots and sold at auction and thus 
 the town of Henderson (afterwards the name was changed to Knoxville) was 
 started as the permanent "seat of justice." The town of Galesburg was started 
 in 1836. Knox college was chartered in 1837 and thus there was established a 
 competitor with Knoxville only five miles away. Both towns increased in pop- 
 ulation at about the same rate and did not differ very much until the advent of 
 the railroads in 1854 as the result of negotiations which had been in progress 
 for three or four years. No sooner had the railroad reached Galesburg than she 
 turned her covetous eyes to the county seat and quietly laid plans for wresting 
 the prize from Knoxville. The centering of the railroads from the north, south, 
 east and west and the location of shops and round houses at Galesburg gave the 
 town a boom that raised the population rapidly, doubling that of Knoxville sev- 
 eral times. 
 
 From that time on may be seen in the acts of the board of supervisors, 
 sometimes dimly, sometimes vividly, the out-cropping of this contest, each side 
 taking the aggressive and acting upon the defensive as the case demanded. The 
 aggressive policy of Galesburg was directed to an increase of its power and 
 influence in the county board ; its defensive policy to prevent all further im- 
 provements at Knoxville. The policy of Knoxville was upon the whole de- 
 fensive in resisting the growth of the power and influence of Galesburg. Both 
 parties sought legislative relief ; Galesburg by obtaining a bill for the division of 
 the township from the city in such a way as to increase its representation in 
 the county board ; Knoxville by inserting a clause in the new constitution touch- 
 ing the removal of county seats from a point away from the center of the 
 county to a point nearer the center of the county. ' ' j .. 
 
 Quite a large part of this struggle will be found in the chapters on court 
 houses, jails and the alms house and poor farm. This chapter gives those pro- 
 ceedings of the county board which have a more direct bearing on the conflict 
 and it is therefore given under the heading "The County Seat Fight." The 
 first move was made by Galesburg in the spring of 1856. 
 
 At the spring election of 1856 an assistant supervisor for the town of Gales- 
 burg was voted for. Samuel W. Brown was elected and he presented his cer- 
 tificate of election at a special !May meeting of the board and the following 
 action was taken. , . > ^ .- I ' . 
 
 Samuel W. Brown now presents to the board his certificate of election as as- 
 sistant supervisor of the town of Galesburg, together with a list of legal voters 
 of said township made under the authority of the township officers with the ap- 
 pointment of said officers to take the same from which it appears that said town- 
 ship contained 829 legal voters on the ist day of April last when on motion it 
 was voted that Samuel W. Brown be entitled to his seat as a member of this 
 board. 
 
 January, 1866. Mr. Gale presented a petition of citizens of Galesburg asking 
 a division of said town, which on motion of Mr. Gale was referred to a committee, 
 the chair appointing Messrs. Gale, \'aughn and Dunlap, with instructions to re- 
 port to the present meeting of the board. 
 
- . -_ 
 
 :; FIRST KXOX COUNTY lA 
 
 THE OLD COURT HOUSE AT KNOXVILLE 
 

HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY 129 
 
 Mr. Gale from committee to whom was referred the petition of citizens of 
 Galesburg for a division of said town, made the following report which was 
 adopted : 
 
 OKUICKIO): That so much of the territory of the town of Galesburg as is con- 
 tained in Sections 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 15, 16, 17, i8, 19, 20, 21, 22, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31,^ ; 
 32, 33, 34, and the west half of Section 3, and the west half of Section lo, in town- 
 ship II north of range one east, be constituted a town to Ix; called the town of : 
 West Galesburg. 
 
 April meeting 1866. This meeting opened with L, E. Conger supervisor elect 
 from the town of Galesburg. 
 
 Mr. Rhea of Salem moved that a committee of three l>e apfx>inted to examine 
 and report as to the rights and qualifications of assistant sujjervisors from the 
 towns of Galesburg and West Galesburg. Carried. When the chair apjxjinted 
 Messrs. Rhea, Dunlap and Meek said committee. ;> ,>;:.'- . 
 
 The committee to which was referred the rights of the assistant supen'isors 
 in Galesburg and West Galesburg to their seats, reported that they had made the 
 necessary examination, and would report that each of said towns are entitled to 
 a supervisor and assistant supervisor each. Report accepted and approved. 
 
 April meeting, 1867. At this meeting of the Ixjard, the struggle over the loca-.- 
 tion of the county seat had advanced to a point where the representation of Gales- 
 burg in the Ixjard was challenged. It was conceded that A. C. Clay was duly elected 
 a member other members from Galesburg were voted for whose names were 
 not put on the roll of supervisors. After the organization of the board, Mr. Clay, ; , 
 therefore made the following motion : 
 
 Mr. Clay moved that a committee of five be appointed by the chair, from dif- 
 ferent towns, to examine credentials, with power to send for persons and papers. 
 Adopted, when the chair appointed Messrs. Clay, X'aughn. Beadle, Dunlap and ./ 
 Shaffer said committee. 
 
 On motion the board took a recess to enable the committee to investigate the ' 
 credentials of members claiming seats from the city of Galesburg, Knoxville and 
 elsewhere. ;; . : ' 
 
 Board called to order by temporary chairman. 
 
 The committee on credentials made the following report which was on motion;.':; ' 
 accepted, and the committee discharged : 
 
 ; Your committee would report that the following is a list of superv'isors duly ' 
 
 elected: -:".-: -/-.- :.^.^:.;K^=: .'-. y^7 :^;:^.:>' ";--./ .v 
 
 Indian Point. . . Daniel Meek V,^;-'/- ; 
 
 : Cedar E. S. Harden ;;:;/ 
 
 V V Galesburg .i. .:i ,.:. A. C. Clay ^ Av ; 
 
 : ; , , Henderson A. J. Dunlap :^: V: 
 
 Rio John Wycofl :^ ^ ; 
 
 , : Chestnut Thomas Xewell vl^ :: ^ 
 
 Orange T. W. Sumner ;;";: 
 
 '( .U Knox George A. Charles t /^^ , 
 
 ; V Sparta J. M. Holyoke cj^^ ^ 
 
 "':'' Ontario Orin Beadle 7' : 
 
 5. ; Maquon J. G. HamHck V::i 
 
 ;= ; Haw Creek .:^i< V* r,.^ . - . \\'m. Swigan ; V / 
 
130 HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY ^. /:;:>:: 
 
 Persifer R. W. Miles " 
 
 Copley James Johnson ' 
 
 Walnut Grove J. S. Chambers ; 
 
 Salem CM. Hall v 
 
 Elba H. H. Wood : v 
 
 Truro B. B. Shaffer y 
 
 Victoria H. J. Vaughn '',-^ 
 
 Lynn Joseph D. Gibbs 
 
 Your committee would further report in the case of the persons claiming seats 
 from the city of Galesburg, that we find by examining the poll lists of the city of 
 Galesburg, that 1,375 persons voted at the last city election; and Isaac Delano, 
 F. R. Bartlett, Holcomb, Stewart, C. P. West, J. R. West, Stanley, L. E. Conger, 
 Crocker, Hickey, Bates, Robinson, Chaplain, Troman, Morse, Russell, Nash, Chap- 
 lain, Bergen, Williams, Comstock, Ekins and Owens, swear that they are ac- 
 quainted with, and personally know 292 persons that are legal voters, whose 
 names do not appear on the poll list, making in all 1,667 legal voters residing in 
 the city of Galesburg. It also appears that there are 49 names of persons residing 
 in the city of Galesburg, in addition to the above, that are not properly certified 
 to, which may or may not be legal voters. And your committee would report that 
 W. Selden Gale, Henry R. Sanderson, L. E. Conger, and Richard H. Whiting, are 
 duly elected supervisors, and are entitled to seats in this board from the city of 
 Galesburg. 
 
 And your committee would further report, that there has been no evidence 
 produced to show that Knoxville is entitled to more than one supervisor. 
 . - .^- ; ... A. C. CLAY, 
 
 Chm. of Committee. 
 
 Mr. Dunlap moved that the report of the committee be adopted. 
 Mr. Charles moved to amend that the members elect from the city of Gales- 
 burg be rejected until they produce a certified copy of the act under which they 
 claim to be elected. Lost. 
 
 Mr. Gibbs moved that the board adjourn until tomorrow morning at 9 o'clock. 
 Lost. 
 
 . Mr. Charles appealed from the decision of the chair and demanded the yeas 
 and nays thereon. The chair being sustained by the following vote : Yeas 
 Messrs. Meek, Harden, Clay, Dunlap, Wycoff, Newell, Sumner, Holyoke, Beadle, 
 Hamrick, Swigart, Miles, Johnson, Chambers, Hall, Wood, Shaffer, Vaughn and 
 Gibbs, 19. Nays Mr. Charles, i. ^ . ; : ; :. ;-.V:.;- ".'":;;:: -M: '"; 
 The question being on the adoption of the report of the committee, the yeas 
 and nays were demanded, resulting : 
 
 Yeas Messrs. Meek, Harden, Clay, Dunlap, Wycoff, Newell, Sumner, 
 Charles, Holyoke, Beadle, Hamrick, Swigart, Miles, Johnson, Chambers, Hall, 
 Wood, Shaffer, Vaughn, and Gibbs, 20. Nays None. , I 
 
 On motion of Mr. Miles the same committee were reappointed to investigate 
 the credentials of the assistant supervisor from the town of Knox. 
 
 On motion adjourned until 9 o'clock tomorrow morning. i ' 
 
 The next day the board elected a permanent chairman, Mr. Holyoke, of Sparta : 
 The vote stood: Holyoke. 12; Miles, lo. . , . ',i -. . 
 
 Thereupon Mr. Holyoke was declared elected. : ./;.> V 
 
^ ^V; v; : . ' ;:/\' HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY :V^':^ 131 
 
 . Mr. Clay from committee on credentials made the following report. '. 
 ;- The committee appointed on the credentials of members ask leave to report: 
 
 - That H. N. Keightley is entitled to his seat as assistant supervisor from Knox. 
 
 ' A. C. CLAY, Chairman, 
 
 .. Mr. Miles moved that the report of the committee be accepted and adopted. 
 
 ::V; Carried.' ' ' V>:---''';'''f :?;.;'' '''\.;vr_.-\..v,,''^ .. ^:' '; 
 
 : . Mr. Gale moved that the credentials of Mr. Thomas McKee, claiming a seat as 
 
 . ... one of the supervisors from the city of Galesburg be referred to the committee on 
 
 . credentials. 
 
 .,',- Mr. Vaughn offered the following as a substitute: > v^^.. i L >. -. . !i - 
 
 . ; Resolved, That hereafter, when any town shall claim an extra member of this 
 
 - y board, over and above the representation said town has heretofore had, that the 
 
 votes actually cast at the town meeting at which such extra member claims to 
 
 have been elected, shall be deemed by this board as the number of actual legal votes 
 -. in said township. ' -J' / - .' 
 
 On which resolution, the yeas and nays were called, resulting: Yeas Messrs. 
 Newell, Sumner, Charles, Keightley, Hamrick, Swigart, Miles, Johnson, Hall, 
 
 Wood, Shaffer and Vaughn, 12. Nays Messrs. Meek, Hardin, Clay, Gale, Con- 
 ' ger, Sanderson, Whiting, Dunlap, Wyckoff, Beadle, Chambers, Gibbs and chair- 
 
 : man, 13. Lost. ;.", - -. .;^ 
 
 - The question recurring on Mr. Gale's motion, it was adopted. 
 
 Mr. Clay, from committee on credentials, reported as follows: Your commit- 
 tee appointed on credentials, ask leave to report. That they have examined the cre- 
 ; : dentials of Thomas McKee from the city of Galesburg, and find him entitled to a 
 seat as supervisor in this board upon substantially the same evidence that entitled 
 the assistant supervisor of Knox to a seat in this board. 
 
 A. C. CLAY, Chairman. 
 
 On motion, said report was accepted and the committee discharged and action 
 ' thereon postponed until this afternoon. 
 
 ; Mr. Whiting moved the adoption of the report of the committee on credentials, 
 and that Thomas !McKee be admitted as a member of this board. Adopted. Yeas 
 . : ; Messrs. Meek, Harden, Clay, Gale, Conger, Sanderson, Whiting, Dunlap. Wyc- 
 koff, Beadle, Chambers, \'^aughn and Gibbs, 13. Nays Messrs. Sumner, Charles, 
 . . Keightley, Hamrick, Swigart, Johnson, Hall, Wood and Shaffer, 9. Absent Mr. 
 
 Newell; excused, Mr. Miles, 2. 
 
 : Mr. Vaughn offered the following resolution: -' ' -. '.., : - ; . : 
 
 : Resolved, That hereafter when any town shall claim an extra member of this 
 board, over and above the representation said town now has. that the votes actually 
 cast at the town meeting at which such extra member claims to have been elected, 
 shall be deemed by this board as the number of actual legal votes in said township. 
 V ' Laid upon the table : Yeas Messrs. Meek, Harden, Clay, Gale, Conger, San- 
 
 derson, Whiting, Wyckoff, Charles, Keightley, Beadle, Chambers. Hamrick, Hall 
 and Gibbs, 15. Nays Messrs. Dunlap. Swigart. Miles, Johnson and Vaughn. 5. 
 Absent ^Messrs. McKee and Newell, 2. Excused Messrs. Sumner, Wood and 
 Shaffer, 3. ; '/V-V A hr-::-- -^ '-r'.:':'..';' ^ ; '. \.y -'(, ^.-'^'-'-'c' 
 
 September. 1868. Mr. Wood from select committee appointed at the last 
 meeting of the board reported as follows : 
 
 We, the committee, appointed to investigate and inquire into the number of 
 
132 ' HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY 
 
 legal voters in the city of Galesburg, and in the town of Knox, beg leave to re- 
 port, that we have partially investigated the matter, but are not now prepared to 
 make a full report, and would respectfully ask further time. I 
 
 H. H. WOOD, -. . 
 
 :: \ :''^:H'V'^ .' //':,';;::"'',''': T. w. SuMNER, ;;'; 
 
 : ''^ , " . . O. BEADLE, 1 
 
 \ ^v C. H. JACKSON, 
 
 .'.'%-;..'''_ . . ' -,'.", ' , - %' /,. . E. S. HARDEN, ' 
 
 : ' Committee. 
 
 On motion of Mr. Lanphere, the report was accepted and further time granted 
 
 the committee. . . ..V^^V --..' 'V'-H '^.'-. 
 
 iVIr. Sumner, member of the committee to inquire into the number of super- 
 visors the city of Galesburg and town of Knox are entitled to in this board, pre- 
 sented the following report : 
 
 The undersigned, members of the committee at the last meeting of this board 
 to inquire into and ascertain how many supervisors the city of Galesburg is en- 
 titled to in this board, under an act entitled "An Act to divide the Towns of Gales- 
 burg and West Galesburg," as said city is at present districted; also to investi- 
 gate the rights of the assistant supervisor of the town of Knox to a seat in this 
 board ; after considering the report made yesterday, which does not embrace the 
 subject matter under consideration by said committee, and being desirous of being 
 excused from further service on such committee, would ask leave of this board 
 to report their action up to the present time. r A ; ^' ' ; .1 
 
 : The undersigned would therefore state, that in regard to the rights of the as- 
 sistant supervisor of Knox to a seat, a register of voters of the town of Knox was 
 presented to the committee, containing 850 names, and that witnesses were pro- 
 duced who recognized 823 persons named in such register as voters in said town 
 of Knox at the time of holding the election for supervisor and assistant supervisor. 
 
 The undersigned, with other members of the committee, met at Galesburg to 
 investigate into the number of supervisors the city of Galesburg is entitled to 
 under the act, as at present districted. Registers (together with the names of 
 voters sworn in), were presented, not sustained as any evidence that the names 
 thereon were all legal voters, but given as the best evidence in the possession of the 
 parties, by which appears that the ist and 5th wards comprise one election dis- 
 trict, has 762 voters ; that the 2d, 3d and 6th wards comprise another election dis- 
 trict, and has on the register 784 voters ; and the 4th ward is another election dis- 
 trict and has 596 voters on register. That the district composed of the ist and 5th 
 wards elect two supervisors ; that composed of the 2d, 3d and 6th wards elect two 
 supervisors, and the 4th ward elects one supervisor. 
 
 The law provides "at each annual city election there shall be elected in the city 
 of Galesburg, one or more supervisors. The number shall not exceed the number 
 of wards in such city, and shall not be greater than one for every four hundred 
 legal voters in said city. The city council may from time to time divide the city 
 into districts for the election of supervisors, each district to elect one or more, 
 as the council may provide, but in forming districts no ward shall be divided." 
 
 We have now reported the facts as we found them ; and must leave this board 
 to determine whether the clerk of said city in granting certificjites of election to 
 two supervisors from each of the following districts, to-wit : that composed of the 
 
^^:V-, ;:<:. HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY ^V-^Vx/ 188 
 
 1st and 5th wards, with only 762 names on the register, and that district composed ' 
 of the 2d, 3d and 6th wards with 784 voters registered, performed his duty ac- '_'. 
 cording to such law, or whether he exceeded his powers in granting such certifi- 
 cates, when it appears by the evidence that there were not twice four hundred 
 voters in either of said election districts, even by the showing of the registers, ' 
 
 Believing that any further examination is unnecessary, and that the object of 
 yesterday's report, being only for delay, the undersigned members of the com- , 
 mittee desire to be relieved from any further exzimination of the subject. 
 ^ ; ^''''.^: THOS. W. SuMNER. '^ 
 
 " ;. Mr. Charles moved that the report be accepted, and Mr. Sumner relieved from 
 further action on said committee, when Mr. Clay moved, that the whole matter be ; 
 laid upon the table. Carried. 
 
 January Meeting, 1869. Mr. Wood, from select committee, to whom was re- 
 ferred the matter of the number of supervisors the city of Galesburg and town : 
 of Knox are entitled to in this board, reported as follows: 
 
 "We the committee appointed to investigate the claims of Knox and Gales- 
 burg, as to their claims for the number of supervisors in the board, after examin- ^ ' 
 ing papers, and hearing evidence, find that Knoxville is entitled to two and the 
 city of Galesburg to five supervisors, X:-;.;j :^ ^ ; , . v : ; :.; ; v- .-^ ; 
 
 ..; . : ;..;.-, ..-..-. . ... -- V' '' "'a V-;;';^ '.^:-'; '' H. H. WOOD, vri'V'': 
 ',':';::,;,.' ' ':';. -v'/: ^V^.>-- /:;/.';.: 'i'-. :'.'.:"';'''-;-.' E. S. HARDEN, ^:;:^-^,.r "' 
 ;.v '' ' ^'-:,: '' '''''\^^' -''' ^ ':-:-!' i.^ -.^^^ O, BEADLE, ^^:'- :^'': '/;.; 
 
 . ":; : : /i . ..:. ": - ..;;;- -.':.;: ;r' ''- '\."''! ''/^''-^. ';' " '-^.V' '' . Committee, 'y ' --.. 
 : Report accepted and committee discharged. . .x . . . . ' 
 
 MARCH SPECIAL MEETING, 1869 ;.'-,.." 
 
 State of Illinois, ) ::>:';:' ^:^V;.-'^' ' 
 
 ' L CO ''..'...' -v - 
 
 T^ /~^ , r ^^ . ,-. .- - . .-^ . ' .'* .'-*. 
 
 Knox County j v, . / :"':..:.: \';.^ --vv.;.-^-.:"; . :- . ; '/ ^ ^.j^;- . . 
 
 March Special Meeting 
 
 Special meeting of the board of supervisors of Knox county held in the court ; 
 house, in the city of Knoxville, in said county, called by the clerk of the county - 
 court, in pursuance of the following notice: ^yV'' -'' : v^V. 
 
 To James J. Egan, Esq., Clerk of the Board of Supervisors of Knox County, 
 State of Illinois: 
 
 The undersigned, being one-third of the members of the board of supervisors ;.; 
 of said county of Knox, do request that a special meeting of said board be held, V 
 to convene on the 23d day of March, A. D., 1869, at the court house in the town : ' 
 of Knoxville, in said county. . . .; r ..'---.;.". ' 
 
 Dated this I5th day of March, A. D., 1869. ' ' .^-V.'V ." 
 
 ^: HENRY R. SANDERSON, JOSEPH D. GIBBS, o;^:' . 
 
 ;:' ." y ' . ; E. S. HARDEN, ,.;v.^.;>; J. S. CHAMBERS, r;.J^:;X:V. 
 
 -,;'-;, :^ ; ; G. C. LANPHERE, ;^. j/ --^ J. M. HOLYOKE, ' >X:;r'.;' : 
 '.. V ' , D. H. FRISBIE, .--^ '':: O. BEADLE. .. v ';/.;" 
 "';'':..,'-;.;; ^' : ;; I ' L. E. CONGER, '-"'>' '>,>^^-:- ^;^.., A, C. CLAY, ;-^:;-v'-^ ^. ...'',''; 
 "-''.-; -^^ -' 'C R. H, WHITING, 'V^- /iv^:. /.'-^^.'^::'^V^ ";:"';. 
 
 The following supervisors answered to their names: Hon. Joseph H. Holyoke, .. 
 chairman; Messrs. P. H. Smith, E. S. Harden, A. C. Clay, D. H. Frisbie, L. E. . . 
 Conger, H. R. Sanderson, R. H. Whiting, G. C. Lanphere, C. H. Jackson, Daniel . 
 Robertson, Owen Betterton, T, W. Sumner, G. A. Charles, P. H. Sanford, Orin ; 
 
134 1. HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY ; v;V ;v/. 
 
 Beadle, A. Humphreys, Peter Lacy, James Dossett, James Johnston, J. S. Cham- 
 bers, J. M. Corey, H. N. Wood and Joseph D. Gibbs. . - '..;:.:.. : / . j 
 
 Board opened by proclamation. . , . 
 
 JAMES J. EGAN, Clerk, 
 
 -'^ - ' : : ; . w. S. SEACORD, Slieriff. 
 
 On motion of Mr. Lanphere, the clerk read "An act to provide for the re- 
 moval of the county seat of Knox county." 
 
 Mr. Sanderson moved that Messrs. P. H. Smith, of Indian Point, J. M. 
 Holyoke, of Sparta, F. C. Smith, of Ontario, Amos Ward, of Walnut Grove and 
 D. Corey, of Salem, be appointed commissioners of public buildings, under said 
 act. 
 
 Mr. Sanford moved to amend by substituting the name of H. J. Vaughn, of 
 Victoria, for that of Amos Ward. Lost. 
 
 On motion of Mr. Charles further action on the motion of Mr. Sanderson 
 was postponed until afternoon. .;. 'V ^C.V ' ''- 1- 
 
 Ye?is Messrs. Smith, Harden, Jackson, Robertson, Betterton, Sumner, 
 Charles, Sanford, Beadle, Humphreys, Lacy, Dossett, Johnston, Corey and 
 Wood, 15. Nays Messrs. Qay, Frisbie, Conger, Sanderson, Whiting, Lanphere, 
 Chambers and Gibbs, 8. . . \;; .. :: ':" -^ .' v;;. .;;V^'; \ ^'1 / 
 
 The motion of Mr. Sanderson for the appointment of commissioners of pub- 
 lic buildings, being the special order, was called up. 
 
 Mr. Lacy moved to amend by substituting Rufus W. Miles, as one of said 
 commissioners, in place of F. C. Smith, which amendment was lost. Yeas 
 Messrs. Betterton, Sumner, Charles, Sanford, Humphreys, Lacy, Dossett, John- 
 ston, Tucker and Vaughn, lo. Nays Messrs. Smith, Harden, Clay, Frisbie, Con- 
 ger, Sanderson, Whiting, Lanphere, Jackson, Robertson, Chambers, Corey, Wood 
 and Mr. Chairman, 14. 
 
 The question recurring upon the adoption of the motion of Mr. Sanderson, ; 
 appointing Messrs. P. H. Smith, J. M. Holyoke, F. C. Smith, Amos Ward and D. 
 Corey, Jr., as commissioners of public buildings, the same was adopted. Yeas 
 Messrs. Smith, Harden, Clay, Frisbie, Conger, Sanderson, Whiting, Lanphere, 
 Jackson, Robertson, Beadle, Johnston, Chambers, Corey and chairman, 15. Nays 
 Messrs. Betterton, Sumner, Sanford, Humphreys, Lacy, Dossett, Wood and 
 Vaughn, 9. Excused Mr. Charles, i. 
 
 Mr. Lanphere offered the following resolution: .-.,- -I 
 
 Resolred, That if the vote about to be taken on the question of moving the 
 county seat to Galesburg, shall be in favor of such removal, that then the com- 
 missioners having such matter in charge, shall not under any circumstances move 
 from the building they are now in, the records and files in the respective office of ' 
 county and circuit clerk, until a building is completed and ready for use in Gales- 
 burg, as secure and suitable as the one in which said records and files are now 
 kept. 
 
 Mr. Vaughn moved to amend by striking out all after the word "resolved," - 
 and insert "that this board will not meddle with business properly belonging to 
 the next board of supervisors," which was lost by the following vote. Yeas 
 Messrs. Betterton, Sumner, Charles, Sanford, Humphreys, Lacy, Dossett, John- . 
 ston, Corey, Wood, Tucker and Vaughn, 12. Nays Messrs. Smith, Harden, 
 Clay, Frisbie, Conger, Sanderson, Whiting, Lanphere, Jackson, Robertson, 
 Beadle, Charnbers and Gibbs, 13. 
 
;> .C ,^ : ; ; HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY >r^;: ;' ' 135 
 
 The resolution of Mr. Lanphere was then adopted by the following vote: 
 Yeas Messrs. Smith, Harden, Clay, Frisbie, Conger, Sanderson, Whiting, Lan- 
 phere, Jackson, Robertson, Beadle, Chambers, Corey and Gibbs, 14. Xays 
 Messrs. Betterton, Charles, Sanford, Humphreys, Lacy, Dossett, Tucker and 
 Vaughn, 9. Messrs. Sumner and Johnston, excused. . " -r v 
 
 Mr. Charles in explanation of his vote, said he voted no, because he did not 
 believe it was right for the board of supervisors to amend or change the law as 
 passed by the legislature, and would recommend that the resolution be referred 
 to the legislature, to be passed as a supplemental act to the enabling act. . ' 
 
 Mr. Sanford explained that he voted no, because the law provided for, and 
 expressed the duties of the commissioners, and the board had no right to alter or 
 modify the requirements of the law. ; 
 
 Mr. Humphreys explained that he voted no, because he objected to the board 
 passing resolutions for the purpose of making capital to be used in the election. . 
 
 Mr. Wood explained that he voted no, because he believed it right to do so. -. ' 
 
 May Meeting, 1869. There were present at this meeting, Messrs. P. H. 
 Smith, M. C. Bates, A. C. Clay, H. R. Sanderson, Geo. C. Lanphere, L. E Con- 
 ger, Geo. V. Deiterich, M. Belden, H. M. Sisson, Daniel Robertson, Thomas Xevv- 
 ell, Thomas W. Sumner, George A. Charles, P. H. Sanford, J. M. Holyoke, Grin 
 Beadle, B. H. Morgan, Wm. Swigart, James Dossett, James Johnston, J. S. 
 Chambers, John Sloan, L. A. Lawrence, John Wilson, H. J. Vaughn, O. M. 
 Gross; James J. Egan, clerk, by J. S. Winter, deputy; Wilkins Seacord, sheriff. :. 
 
 Mr. Sumner moved to make the temporary chairman the permanent chairman. . 
 Lost. / . 
 
 Mr. Sanderson moved that the board proceed to ballot for chairman. Carried. 
 
 The chair appointed Messrs. Smith and Sumner tellers. > ':' 
 
 ' Messrs. H. J. Vaughn and J. M. Holyoke were put in nomination, the ballot re-v ' - 
 suiting, J. M. Holyoke fourteen votes, H. J. Vaughn twelve votes. Hon. J. AI. 
 Holyoke was declared duly elected chairman. , 
 
 Mr. Sanderson offered the following resolution: ' - - - 
 
 RESOLVED: That Supervisors Lanphere, of Galesburg; Sanford, of Knox; 
 Lawrence, of Elba; Sisson, of Henderson, and Gross, of Lynn, be appointed a 
 committee to investigate the result of the election on the removal of the county 
 seat, and report to the board at this meeting. 
 
 Mr. Charles moved to lay the resolution on the table, and the yeas and nays 
 being called, the motion was lost. Yeas Messrs. Newell, Sumner, Charles, San- . 
 ford, Morgan, Swigart, Dossett, Johnston, Sloan, Lawrence, Wilson and X'aughn, 
 12. Nays Messrs, Smith, Bates, Clay, Sanderson, Lanphere, Conger, Deit- . 
 erich, Belden, Sisson, Robertson, Beadle, Chambers, Gross and Chairman, 14. . . 
 
 The question recurring on the adoption of the resolution of Mr. Sanderson,/: : 
 the same was adopted. Yeas Messrs. Smith, Bates, Clay, Sanderson, Lanphere, 
 Conger, Deiterich, Belden, Sisson, Robertson, Beadle, Chambers and Gross, 13. 
 Nays Messrs. Newell, Sanford, Morgan, Johnston, Sloan and \^aughn, 6. 
 Excused Messrs. Sumner, Charles, Dossett, Lawrence and Wilson, 5. Refused 
 to vote, Mr. Swigart, I. -.-;':: . ': ---.^ :.;;'>-;: 
 
 Explanation of votes Mr. Sumner wished to be excused because Tie thougrht 
 the board had no power to appoint such committee. Mr. Charles wished to be 
 excused for a similar reason. Mr. Swigart refused to vote because the board 
 
186 '^V HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY x^t'C , 
 
 had no power to canvass the vote, or delegate such power to a committee; that 
 the action was entirely without authority of law, and he would not vote unless 
 some law or precedent could be produced ; that he was already ready to vote one 
 way or another on any question that might arise, when the board had a legal 
 right to act, but on this question he would not vote, nor did he want to be ex- 
 cused. Mr. Dossett wished to be excused for reasons given by others ; and Mr. 
 Lawrence and Mr. Wilson were excused for similar reasons. 
 
 Mr. Charles also presented the following, requesting that it be entered of 
 record : 
 
 To the Hon. Board of Supervisors : The undersigned, in behalf of citizens 
 of Knoxville and vicinity, would respectfully report that prior to the election on 
 the county seat question (April 6, 1869), a subscription was made by them, of 
 twenty thousand dollars, to aid in the erection of a county jail at the city of 
 Knoxville, should the vote be in favor of the city of Knoxville; and whereas, 
 the result of said election was in favor of said city of Knoxville, we will state 
 that said subscription is in the hands of the county treasurer, with the payment 
 fully guaranteed, to be used by the board of supervisors on the conditions named 
 in said subscription. GEORGE A. CHARLES. 
 
 Mr. Swigart introduced a resolution that the board accept the donation of 
 $2O,(XX) offered by citizens of Knoxville and vicinity, and proceed to erect a jail 
 at Knoxville. 
 
 On motion of Mr. Sanderson, the resolution was laid on the table, the vote 
 being the same as on other questions pertaining to the county seat contest. 
 
 Mr. Lanphere, from the committee appointed, twenty-four hours previously, 
 "to investigate the result of the election on the removal of the county seat," pre- 
 sented a voluminous "report," signed by three members of the committee, em- 
 bracing a number of lengthy affidavits in regard to the election in Knox town- 
 ship only, and moved its adoption by the board. - : . v:' ;V ,-.;;.:] . . 
 
 Mr. Sanford made a statement in regard to the conduct of the committee, 
 showing there had been no meeting of the committee; that the "report" as pre- 
 sented was ex parte and one-sided, and had evidently been prepared before the 
 committee was appointed ; and that if it was within the functions of the board 
 of supervisors to institute an investigation of this kin'd, the inquiry should ex- 
 tend to other precincts, as well as Knox township. 
 
 The "report of the committee" was then adopted, by the usual vote yeas, 
 14; nays, 12. - I 
 
 Sheriff Seacord served upon the board a summons to appear at the June term 
 of the circuit court, to answer a bill of complaint filed by Geo. Davis, of Gales- 
 burg, in regard to the county seat election. 
 
 It being moved that the board authorize Mr. Sanford to employ counsel in 
 the case on behalf of the board. ': ;. . : V "^ v >' ' Oj\V /' 
 
 Mr. Sanderson moved to amend by substituting Mr. Lanphere and the other 
 members of the judiciary committee for that duty. The amendment was adopted 
 yeas, 14; nays, 12. 
 
 Mr. Lanphere, from special committee appointed yesterday, made the fol- 
 lowing report : . .- - , j. 
 
 To the Honorable Board of Supervisors of Knox County: 
 
 Your committee appointed to investigate and ascertain the result of the elec- 
 
:'!^--':r'--'^^^'^: '''' HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY ^V:^; 137 
 
 tion on the removal of the county seat, beg leave respectfully to report that they 
 have given to the subject such consideration as the limited time at their disposal 
 has permitted. 
 
 They find that the law providing for the removal of the county seat makes 
 no provision for officially determining the result of the election, beyond the sim- 
 ple canvass of the returns made by the several boards of election; this canvass 
 to be made by the county clerk and two justices. The law makes no provision 
 for the issue of any certificate by the clerk, and it seems to be admitted on all 
 hands, in accordance with the doctrine in the case reported in the 2Oth Ills., that 
 even if such a certificate had been provided for, it would not be entitled to be re- 
 garded as evidence. 
 
 The board of supervisors being absolutely required to perform certain du- 
 ties if the result of the vote has been for removal, and having other important 
 duties to perform if the result be against removal ; and as either by the design or 
 imperfection of the law, no person has been appointed to determine the result, 
 they are, of necessity, put upon their inquiry. 
 
 The most available evidence in the reach of the committee are the returns of 
 the boards of election. In the absence of anything to contradict the certificates 
 of the boards of election, your committee believe they may properly be taken as 
 prima facie evidence. These returns show, in the aggregate, a majority of 247 
 against removal. 
 
 Your committee, however, in examining these returns, find disclosed the 
 startling fact that the town of Knox returns 1,520 votes, all but 17 against re- ;, 
 moval ; a number more than three times the usual vote of that town, about three 
 and one-half times as great as was cast by the same town four years before on 
 the same question ; a number about two and one-half times as great as the num- 
 ber of white males ovei twenty years of age, residing in that town less than four 
 years before, as appears by the census returns. 
 
 The committee believe from their own knowledge of the town, and from the 
 general opinion as they hear it expressed, that the growth of the town of Knox 
 during the four years last past has been far from rapid. They can but regard 
 such a return as so manifestly false on the face of it, as to entitle it to very little 
 consideration in arriving at the number of votes actually cast in that town. 
 
 Your committee are also in possession of affidavits of persons of entire re- 
 spectability, which affidavits your committe beg leave to submit as part of this 
 report, showing that the election in the town of Knox was conducted not only 
 without any regard to the usual forms of elections, and without the usual safe- 
 guards against illegal and fraudulent voting, but was evidently intended and ar- 
 ranged for a fraud from the outset. 
 
 Taking into account, first, the absolutely incredible character of the returns 
 from the town of Knox, and second, the gross character of the frauds openly 
 practiced, as appear from the affidavits referred to, the committee are of opin- 
 ion that the returns of the town of Knox should be entirely set aside as affording 
 no evidence whatever of the number of votes actually cast in that town. . :; 
 
 What the number of legal votes actually were, or how cast, your committee 
 can only ascertain, by instituting inquiries which would consume very much more 
 time than has been put at their disposal. 
 
 They are disposed in the absence of other data, to take the vote of last No- ^ 
 
138 ;:. HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY ;VCT ;V 
 
 vember as a basis, the vote at that time being 639, a number a little greater than 
 was returned by Mr. McGowan, who took the census three and one-half years 
 before the April election, as the number of white males in that town over twenty 
 years of age. 
 
 Your committee think that the number equal to the white males in their 2ist 
 year, added to the number of alien white males over 20, to the number of short 
 residents, and the number of those who are kept from the polls by absence from 
 home, sickness, indifference as to the result, and other causes, is a very large al- 
 lowance for the growth of the voting population of the town of Knox in that period. 
 
 They are also in possession of testimony that at the November election the 
 feeling ran high ; extraordinary efforts were made to get out voters, and many 
 persons not legal voters were allowed to vote. 
 
 Deducting from the returns the excess returned in April, over the number re- 
 turned in November, from the town of Knox, which is 884, and the majority of 
 247 against removal, is converted into a majority of 634 for removal. 
 
 In all the towns giving majorities for removal, with one exception, we find 
 a large vote given against removal, enough perhaps, to guard reasonably well 
 the purity of the polls. From none of these towns has any complaint come to 
 the knowledge of your committee. 
 
 In most of the towns giving majorities against removal, the adverse vote was 
 small and the opportunity and temptation to illegal voting had not the usual 
 check of a vigilant opposition. . -.'\. . - 1 . 
 
 With one exception, however, these towns' cast less votes than were cast in 
 the same towns last November. 
 
 The exception is the town of Orange, which cast i8 votes in excess to the 
 votes cast in November, all the votes in the town but five being against removal. 
 We are assured on the authority of persons of the highest respectability, living 
 in that town, that many voters stayed at home on the day of the April election, 
 and that many illegal votes were cast. We are informed that one of the oldest 
 and best known residents of that town, who voted against removal, estimated the 
 fraudulent vote in Orange at fifty. - : . ' > :' 'v \-A'; ":; ;-\l':^^ 
 
 Your committee have not, however, had the opportunity to investigate the 
 true state of facts existing in that town or others. They are, however, clearly 
 of the opinion that a thorough investigation of the nineteen towns and a purging 
 of their polls, would, so far as it affected the result at all, increase, to some ex- 
 tent, the majority for removal. 
 
 Admitting (an admission favorable to the vote against removal, as we think), 
 that the legal vote cast in Knox was 639, that the returns from the nineteen other 
 towns were correct, there remains a majority of 634 for removal. If from this 
 be deducted, as some claim should be, the ninety votes cast for town and city 
 officers, by persons who did not vote on the county seat question, and the ma- 
 jority is still 544. 
 
 This majority can only be overcome by supposing an illegal vote of that 
 amount was cast in the city of Galesburg. Of this no evidence has been pro- 
 duced. That in a community where the public sentiment was so unequivocally 
 one-sided, there was unusual temptation and opportunity for fraudulent vot- 
 ing, it is true, and it is also true that the vote of April exceeded the vote of No- 
 vember, 714. ;; Ov "' ; : 
 
,;;A'-- .A--v^y^:- ;: HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY , . -S^' . 
 
 '.-'-. But on the other hand the following facts are unquestionably true : 
 
 1st, the elections in Galesburg, in April, were conducted with a full regard 
 to the usual forms. The votes were all duly registered, and no person allowed 
 to vote unless his name was on the register, except by swearing in his vote and ' 
 making the legal proof of his right. The election was public and open, the num- 
 ber of votes cast at all times during the day being known to the bystanders, by ! 
 whom the judges, clerks and voters could be distinctly seen. 
 
 2d. All the city officers, and the justices and constables were elected at the :; 
 same time, as many votes being cast for those officers as on the county seat. The .' 
 election was sharply contested by rival candidates, each having an interest in pre- 
 venting frauds attempted by his opponents. The votes were publically counted, ; 
 and the ballots, books and papers preserved according to law. No extensive . 
 frauds could be committed except with the knowledge of many persons. : 
 
 . 3d. It is well konwn that the November election in the city of Galesburg 
 failed to call out a full vote, local causes well understood, but on which the com- . 
 mittee need not dwell, contributed to that result. 
 
 4th. In consequence of the extension of the railroad works in Galesburg, 
 much greater number of men were in the railroad employ in April than in No- - 
 vember. 
 
 5th. The vote of the city of Galesburg, large as it is, is not very greatly in /. 
 excess of what might reasonably be calculated on by comparison with other votes . 
 in the last eight years, and with the census returns, considering the very great ap- - 
 parent growth of that city. ; 
 
 Your committee beg leave to say, in conclusion, that while in the short time 
 since their appointment they have not been able to ascertain all the facts bear- ' ; 
 ing upon the case, and to come to such conclusion as would enable them to say V 
 with precision what was the exact state of the vote, they are clearly of this opin- 
 ion, that those returns that are entitled to any confidence, show a majority for re- : 
 moval ; and though that majority may be reduced by proving the votes really cast, v 
 or tendered in the town of Knox, and may perhaps b.e further affected by a thor- ': 
 ough purging of the polls, there is no probability the result would be changed. - 
 
 All of which is respectfully submitted, . .. -..^ . : 
 
 ' .; _ . ...^ . ^. .;':'.:' ;.v^;rv.:'^^-; G. LANPHERE, '-'';;; '..^^ ; 
 
 ,''.-;".' : .: ' . '^^ :^'^/ --'^y'; ::''; ^'':'v'v^^'.'V^^. '^;'-%>-^'''-'.'\^ M. GROSS, ''..^'' :['::.'. 
 
 / ' . -' -''- . ''. .'.. ..A'. V ..?:-; -''::. ^...'- /:.-.^:^'\- '.''. H. M. SISSON, '''- ^'.''-'^ 
 
 Committee. . 
 
 Mr. Clay moved that the report of the committee be approved, and after ... 
 
 considerable discussion, the yeas and nays were demanded, and the resolution ".. 
 
 adopted. Yeas Messrs. Smith, Bates, Clay, Sanderson, Lanphere, Conger, >' 
 
 Deiterich, Belden, Sisson, Robertson, Beadle, Chambers, Gross and Chairman, ; 
 14. Nays Messrs. Newell, Sanford, Morgan. Swigart, Dossett, Johnston, : 
 
 Sloan, Lawrence, Wilson and Vaughn, lo. Refusing to vote Messrs. Sumner - .; 
 
 and Charles. \^. 
 
 Explanation of votes. Mr. Sumner said that a resolution had passed the ''{, 
 
 Board this morning, that this board would not take any action upon any report, , 
 
 or reports, made by any illegal committee or committees; that the action of this - : 
 
 board appointing a committee to canvass the county seat vote, was assuming a ' 
 power not conferred by law, but directly in opposition thereto, that the com- 
 
140 ,; HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY ;: ;-V I 
 
 mittee was an illegal one, and appointed for an illegal purpose, and as he would 
 not stultify himself, he should refuse to vote upon the question and also refuse . 
 to be excused. . ...; [ - .;.: 
 
 Mr. Charles for similar reasons refused to vote or be excused. 
 
 On motion it was ordered that the alms house committee be authorized to 
 approve the records of this meeting when written up. 
 
 At this time the sheriflf of Knox county, who had been in waiting for some ' 
 time, served upon the board of supervisors of Knox county, James Egan, county '_' 
 clerk ; J. W. Temple, circuit clerk, and Dennis Clark, county judge of Knox '- 
 county. 111., a summons to appear at the June term of the circuit court to answer 
 the complaint of George Davis, of Galesburg. \:;:'^^::.v>v\-r\/ ;- I'- ; V;; 
 
 The judiciary committee were authorized to employ counsel on behalf of the ' 
 board of supervisors in said suit. , ; 
 
 September Meeting, 1869. There were present at this meeting, Hon, J. M. . 
 Holyoke, chairman ; supervisors, Messrs. P. H. Smith, M. C. Bates, A. C. Clay, Vv 
 H. R. Sanderson, L. E. Conger, G. V. Deiterich, M. Belden, H. M. Sisson, Thomas 
 Newell, Thos. W. Sumner, George A. Charles, P. H. Sanford, Orin Beadle, B. 
 H. Morgan, John Sloan, John Wilson and O. M. Gross, James J. Egan, clerk; ".- 
 Wilkins Seacord, sheriflf. 
 
 Board opened by proclamation. , : ^ : ! v . .. : 
 
 The chairman presented the certificate of appointment of E. P. Williams ; 
 as one of the supervisors of the city of Galesburg, to fill a vacancy occasioned 
 by the resignation of Mr. Lanphere. - 
 
 On motion, Mr. Williams took his seat in the board. . I :;- v 
 
 Mr. Holyoke, from "commissioners on public buildings," presented the fol- '^ 
 lowing: 
 
 "To the Honorable the Board of Supervisors of Knox County: 
 
 The undersigned commissioners of public buildings appointed by your hon- 
 orable body, under the law regulating the removal of the county seat, respect- .: 
 fully report that the city of Galesburg, in pursuance of the obligation entered ; 
 into by the mayor and aldermen of said city, have erected in said city a fire > 
 proof building of sufficient capacity and convienience for the use of the circuit ' : 
 and county clerks; and the same will be ready for the use of said officers when- 
 ever the board of supervisors shall order the removal of the records and papers . 
 belonging to the county. By order of the commissioners. . : 
 
 J. M. HOLYOKE, Chairman, . ' r. i 
 ;;.;;". :-; . F. E. SMITH, S'^cre/orj. ^ '. ' 
 
 Directed to lie upon the table. . , : / 
 
 JANUARY SPECIAL MEETING, A. D., 1873. ^; . . ; 
 
 State of Illinois, ) 
 
 Knox County, j ss. , _.. ^^ . V' ' ; 
 
 . .;'\^ >'-i . ' January Special Meeting. ;:;. I /';':'' 
 
 At a meeting of the board of supervisors of Knox county, held pursuant to :v 
 a call, issued at the request of one-third of the members thereof, at Knoxville, '- 
 in said county, on Thursday, the 3Oth day of January, A. D., 1873. ; v ! 
 
 Present Hon. A. C. Clay, chairman ; Supervisors, Messrs. P. H. Smith, M. .,:. 
 C. Bates, W. S. Gale, G. V. Dieterich, J. M. Morse, B. S. Stanley, H. R. Sander- ' ; 
 son, John Junk, D. Wainwright, Heber Gillis, Peter Godfrey, Geo. A. Charles, ' ^ 
 
;;;:/';': :\;;:^;; HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY ;:-: : 141 
 
 G. G. Stearns, H. P. Wood, A. S. Curtis, L. W. Benson, Wm. Swigart, W. H. . 
 Leighton, AL P. Stephens, J. W. Hensley, Wm. West, John Wilson, M. B. Ogden, 
 James Soles, John S. Winter, clerk; A. W. Berggren, sheriff. . . , ..,. ,_;. 
 
 Board opened by proclamation. ' ' , 
 
 The chairman presented decree of McDonough circuit court, in the county ; 
 seat case, and requested its reading by the clerk. .;., / i ::;"'.' '/ ' 
 
 State of Illinois, ) ; .^^ '..-::.-':"- '/-"' : !^-'' '/ ' 
 
 McDonough County, j ss. : " ; 
 
 In the McDonough Circuit Court, September Term, A. D., 1871. ' ^' 
 ' George Davis, who sues on behalf of himself, as well as on behalf of all the 
 tax payers of the county Knox and state of Illinois, who choose to be made 
 complainants therein, vs. the board of supervisors of Knox county, Illinois, 
 James J. Egan, county clerk of Knox county, Illinois, James W. Temple, circuit 
 clerk of Knox county, Illinois, and Dennis Clark, county judge of Knox county, . - 
 Ills. In chancery. Change of venue from Knox county. Ills. . . ;^ 
 
 This cause coming on to be heard upon the bill, answers, replications, plead- 
 ings and evidence, and after hearing counsel for the respective parties, the court 
 finds upon the evidence, and adjudges and decrees that a majority of the legal 
 voters of the county of Knox, did, at an election held on the sixth day of April, 
 1869, in said county of Knox, pursuant to an act of the legislature of this state, 
 approved March lO, 1869, referred to in the original and amended bill, referred 
 to in this case, vote in favor of removal of the county seat of said county from 
 the city of Knoxville to the city of Galesburg in said county, that the allega- 
 tions of the bill are true, and the said defendants, the board of supervisors of v 
 Knox county aforesaid, and the clerk of said board, are hereby directed to spread 
 the result of said election and of the canvass thereof upon the record of the 
 board of supervisors of Knox county, and state upon said record that the result 
 of said election and canvass thereof was in favor of removal of the county seat 
 of said county from Knoxville to the city of Galesburg, in said county, by a ma- 
 jority of two hundred voters; and said court further finds and decrees that the 
 return of said election in the town of Knox, purporting to be made by the officers 
 of said election therein is illegal, fraudulent, false and void ; and that the result I / 
 of said election heretofore spread upon the record of the board of supervisors, 
 be set aside as incorrect. It is further ordered that the fact be stated upon said 
 records of said board, that said election resulted in favor of the removal of the 
 county seat of Knox county, from the city of Knoxville to the city of Galesburg 
 in conformity with this decree. And it is further ordered that the defendants, 
 the board of supervisors of Knox county, pay the costs of this suit; and there- 
 upon defendants and each of them pray an appeal to the supreme court of the 
 central grand division of the state of Illinois, which is allowed upon the defend- 
 ants or either of them entering into bond in the penal sum of one thousand dol- 
 lars, with security, which, by consent of parties, is to be approved by the clerk, 
 within forty days from the rendition of this decree, said appeal bond to be con- 
 ditional according to law. :. 
 ' ;^';^."'v:'''' ^' :v- "-'-.'.-;;.';"' ''/'v - '^;'.'^':.''.r.'-' :_.'-:-.''''^ ../- C. L. HIGBEE. .''.-' 
 
142 '' HISTORY OF KXOX COUNTY l^; v ; 
 
 -;', ^ ' 
 
 State of Illinois, ) ^ . :' - /: . ..^' ,: ; - ,: .: 
 
 McDonough County, j ^f' 
 
 I, I. N. Pearson, clerk of the circuit court, in and for said county, do hereby 
 certify that the above and foregoing is a true and complete copy of the final de- 
 cree rendered in said cause, and filed therein on the 7th day of October, A. D., 
 1872, as appears of record from the books and files in my office. 
 
 Witness, my hand and the seal of said court at Macomb, this 29th day of Jan- 
 uary, A. D., 1873. 
 
 (SEAL.) ^ - I. N. PEARSON, C/^rfe. 
 
 Mr. Gale offered the following resolution, which was adopted: i. 'I : 
 
 Rcsol'ced, That the decree of his honor. Judge Higbee, rendered in the Mc- 
 Donough circuit court, in the case of Geo. Davis vs. board of supervisors of 
 Knox county, et al. having been affirmed by the supreme court, be spread upon 
 the records of this board, and the clerk of the board be directed to correct the 
 records as ordered by the court in said decree. ] 
 
 The decision of the supreme court, in the case of George Davis vs. board of 
 supervisors of Knox county, et al, having been read, it was 
 
 On motion of Mr. Charles, ordered that the decision of the supreme court 
 in said case, be spread upon the records of this board, and be published with 
 the proceedings thereof in pamphlet form. . 
 
 i/'2 O'clock, P. M. Board met pursuant to adjournment. ; ' 
 
 Mr. Sanderson presented the following resolutions: 
 . Resolved, That the sherifif and clerks be directed to remove the books, pa- 
 pers and furniture of the county to Galesburg as rapidly as required by the in- 
 terests of the county, employing such assistance as may be necessary ; that for 
 so much expense as is made necessary by the removal, the said officers be di- 
 rected to send in bills for expenses to the city of Galesburg. 
 
 , Resoh'ed, That the said officers, with the approval of the chairman of com- 
 mittee on judiciary and clerks offices, be authorized to purchase such furniture 
 as may be necessary for their offices, which must be procured before the next 
 meeting of this board. Adopted. 
 . Mr. Gale offered the following resolutions, which were adopted: | 
 
 Resoh'ed, That there be a committee of five, of whom the chairman of this 
 board shall be one, and the other members appointed by the chair, whose duty 
 it shall be to procure plans and estimates for a county jail. 
 
 Resolved, That said committee be directed to report, what provisions, if any, 
 it is necessary to make for the county at Galesburg, what future provision 
 should be made by the city of Galesburg; also, what real estate belongs to the 
 county at Knoxville, and what disposition should be made of such real estate. 
 
 The chairman announced as such committee, in addition to the chairman, 
 Messrs. Gale. Charles. Bates and Ogden. :^ ^^' .... . ' 1 ' 
 
 The following resolution was offered by Mr. Gale, and adopted : 
 
 Resoh-ed, That when this board adjourn, it adjourn to meet four weeks 
 from today, at the clerk's office in the city of Galesburg. 
 
 Mr. Wood presented report of board of commissioners of public buildings, 
 which report was accepted, and ordered to be spread upon the records. I 
 
 To the Hon. Board of Siif>en'isors of Kno.r Co.: 
 
 The undersigned commissioners of public buildings appointed under the act 
 
y^^: ^ HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY / ; .v, 143 
 
 for the removal of the county seat of Knox county, hereby respectfully report : 
 
 We have in our possession the following list of property pledged by the au- 
 thorities of the city of Galesburg, before the election, in aid of the removal of .- 
 the county seat: : 
 
 1st. A warranty deed from the city of Galesburg to the county of Knox for 
 a part of lots seven and eight in block thirty-one, as numbered on the original 
 plot of Galesburg, being four and one-half rods off the north side of lots seven 
 and eight, being the premises commonly known as the "fire proof building." 
 
 2d. Warranty deed from A. N. Bancroft and wife to Knox county, convey- 
 ing the west, two-thirds of lot number seven (7), in block forty-five (45), in the 
 southern addition to the town of Galesburg. This lot was intended for a jail 
 lot, but is not so expressed in the deed. 
 
 3d. Warranty deed from Knox College to Knox county, for block numbered 
 thirty-nine (39), in the original plot of Galesburg, being the east half of the ground 
 known as the "College Park." This deed is upon the express condition that the 
 ground shall be used as a site for a court house and for no other purpose. 
 
 4th. The obligation of the city of Galesburg to furnish suitable rooms for 
 the use of the county Knox, in the city of Galesburg, for court and jury rooms 
 for a period not exceeding ten years, and to pay all necessary expenses incurred 
 in the removal of the county records and property from Knoxville to Galesburg. . 
 
 5th. Two certificates of deposit for the sum of two thousand dollars each, 
 payable to the order of the commissioners appointed by the board of supervisors 
 of Knox county, for the removal of the county seat. One of said certificates 
 being signed by Weston Arnold, cashier of the Second National Bank of Gales- 
 burg, and the other by M. L. Smalley, cashier First National Bank of Galesburg. 
 
 6th. An agreement or lease between the owners of the Opera House on the 
 south side the public square in Galesburg, and the city authorities, for the use 
 of the Opera House for county purposes for the term of years signified by the 
 obligations of the city, also the resolution of the city council for the payment of 
 the actual cost of removal. 
 
 7th. A lease from C. Brechwald for a room in Concordia block. -"' '-''"' 
 
 We would further report that everything seems to be in readiness on the part 
 of the city of Galesburg, for the removal ; and would ask your honorable body 
 to take such action as to the disposition of the above named effects, and as to 
 the time of effecting the actual removal as may seem to you just and proper. 
 
 J. M. HoLYOKE, ^-i;- ; 
 
 ...;;:;; ^'i/^f/v:- V.- ,..,^ -^ Chairman of Commissioners, '-/_: 
 Knoxville, Jan. 30, 1873. .>.:;' ; . .:;'/^V 
 
 Mr. Soles offered the following resolution: 
 
 Resolved, That the sheriff and clerks remove their books and papers forth-v 
 with to Galesburg, in order to be in readiness to hold circuit court in said city, 
 next Monday. , - r-/. -.; ;-^v. ; / .:.>.. - v , , .- ^-'.-^ ";>: ' 
 
 Mr. Hensley offered the following as a substitute : 
 
 Resoh'ed, That it is the sense of this board, that the commissioners of pub- 
 lic buildings proceed at once to remove the records of the county to Galesburg, 
 so as not to delay the proceedings of February term of court. ; ;. .' ;^; 
 
 Mr. Gale offered the following: 
 
 Resolved, That the committee on public buildings be directed to proceed at 
 
144 ^ HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY ; | i; ; 
 
 once, in conjunction with the officers of the county, to remove the county prop- 
 erty to Galesburg. K. ;' 
 
 Resolved, That the deeds and abstracts in the hands of the commissioners 
 be filed with the county clerk, and that the money in their hands be paid to the 
 county treasurer, and held by him as a special fund for jail building purposes. 
 ; Resolved, That the clerk be directed to record the deeds and contracts re- 
 ceived from the committee. 
 
 Mr. Hensley accepted the substitute of Mr. Gale, when the substitute was 
 adopted and the resolution passed. 
 
 On motion adjourned until Thursday, February 27, 1873. ^ ' 
 
 ; ^v; . JAILS OF KNOX COUNTY v^- / 
 
 A brief account of the construction of the "Old Log Jail" was given at the 
 close of the chapter on Minor Courts and Permanent Seat of Justice, By 
 1840 the question of a new jail was again considered. At the December term 
 of that year of the County Commissioners court, the subject was formally acted 
 upon, as shown by the following order : 
 
 ORDERED: That the clerk publish in the Peoria Press and Peoria Register 
 notices for plans and specifications and sealed proposals for building a jail in 
 the town of Knoxville to be two stories high, not larger than thirty by fifty feet 
 nor smaller than twenty-five by forty-five feet, to include a dwelling in said 
 building, said plans, specifications and sealed proposals to be received and opened 
 on the 25th day of January, 1841 ; to be finished two years from the first Mon- 
 day of March, 1841. ;; ';?,:;.'* ^' ' ;\^/-i''v; ; I '/;'. 
 
 On January 26th, 1841, we find the following order in relation to the con- 
 struction of the jail, plans and specifications for which were called for at the 
 December term. 
 
 ORDERED: That the contract for building a jail in the town of Knoxville 
 be let to Zelotes Cooley, in accordance to plans and specifications by him filed 
 in clerk's office of the court for the sum of eight thousand, seven hundred 
 and twenty- four dollars, provided that he enter into bond with good security 
 approved by the court, and also that both parties agree to the article of agree- 
 ment or contract to be entered into at regular March term of this court and 
 to be finished in three years from March next, or as the parties can agree, said 
 Zelotes Cooley and this court further agree to exchange the present jail lot for 
 forty feet on the public square and twenty-six feet on North street to make 
 square corner in center of the lot of Lot No. 5, in Block No. 6, on which to 
 locate said jail, provided said Z. Cooley obtains a good title to the same. 
 
 Nevertheless, Zelotes Cooley never entered into a contract for the con- 
 struction of the jail, and it nowhere appears of record that he had anything to 
 do with it. The contract was made with Alvah Wheeler and the records show 
 that all through the years 1842, 1843, 1844, and the beginning of 1845, he was 
 working upon the building. The following entry, made March 5th, 1845, is a 
 summing up of the whole transaction, and Mr. Wheeler is paid for the contract 
 
 in full, $7,784. ' . , " ;- ;.;' :.'.;-';'.'. '-': ' ''. '/': .;'; ; . 
 

 
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HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY 
 
 once, in conjunction with the officers of the county, to remove the county prop- 
 erty to Galesburg. ' \ 1 
 
 Resoh-ed, That the deeds and abstracts in the hands of the commissioners 
 be filed with the county clerk, and that the money in their hands be paid to the 
 county treasurer, and held by him as a special fund for jail building purposes. 
 
 Resolved, That the clerk be directed to record the deeds and contracts re- 
 ceived from the committee. , i 
 
 Mr. Hensley accepted the substitute of Mr. Gale, when the substitute was 
 adopted and the resolution passed. 
 
 On motion adjourned until Thursday, February 27, 1873. 
 
 . JAILS OF KXOX COUNTY 
 
 A brief account of the construction of the ''Old Log Jail" was given at the 
 close of the chapter on Minor Courts and Permanent Seat of Justice. By 
 1840 the question of a new jail was again considered. At the December term 
 of that year of the County Commissioners court, the subject was formally acted 
 upon, as shown by the following order: 
 
 ORDERKD: That the clerk publish in the Peoria Press and Peoria Register 
 notices for plans and specifications and sealed proposals for building a jail in 
 the town of Knoxville to be two stories high, not larger than thirty by fifty feet 
 nor smaller than twenty-five by forty-five feet, to include a dwelling in said 
 building, said plans, specifications and sealed proposals to be received and opened 
 on the 25th day of January, 1841 ; to be finished two years from the first Mon- 
 day of March, 1841. 
 
 On January 26th, 1841, we find the following order in relation to the con- 
 struction of the jail, plans and specifications for which were called for at the 
 December term. 
 
 ORDERED: That the contract for building a jail in the town of Knoxville 
 be let to Zelotes Cooley, in accordance to plans and specifications by him filed 
 in clerk's office of the court for the sum of eight thousand, seven hundred 
 and twenty-four dollars, provided that he enter into bond with good security 
 approved by the court, and also that both parties agree to the article of agree- 
 ment or contract to be entered into at regular March term of this court and 
 to be finished in three years from March next, or as the ])arties can agree, said 
 Zelotes Cooley and this court further agree to exchange the present jail lot for 
 forty feet on the public square and twenty-six feet on North street to make 
 square corner in center of the lot of Lot No. 5, in Block No. 6, on which to 
 locate said jail, provided said Z. Cooley obtains a good title to the same. : 
 
 Nevertheless, Zelotes Cooley never entered into a contract for the con- 
 struction of the jail, and it nowhere appears of record that he had anything to 
 do with it. The contract was made with Alvah Wheeler and the records show 
 that all through the years 1842, 1843, 1844, and the beginning of 1845, he was 
 working upon the building. The following entry, made March 5th, 1845, is a 
 summing up of the whole transaction, and Mr. \\'heeler is paid for the contract 
 in full, $7,784. 
 
" -j. 
 
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 2" 
 ^f 
 
 W -. 
 0:2 
 
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;:;:;;- x^ .;..;: ;^ HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY 'V , 145 
 
 A. Wheeler, account with county on jail contract. , :.! 
 
 March 6/41 Amount contract '. $7724.00 
 
 March 45 doors extra 50.00 
 
 March Casing doors extra lo.oo 
 
 ';'. 'v'''.l''>-^'^--'iHSV;---S'.;VZv^ ' $7784.00 
 
 ' March 5/45 Cash paid , r. .......... $5708.00 
 
 Deduction on cistern 30.00 5738.00 
 
 '' 'V-; V-':::^.-':'''-v, .v;:-^'/:" $2046.00 
 
 ORDERED: That the clerk issue an order on the treasurer in favor of A. 
 Wheeler for two thousand and forty-six dollars, in full for jail contract. 
 
 This jail is still standing on the west side of the public square in the City 
 of Knoxville, and is now in use as a city prison. It would seem, from the 
 following order entered upon the county commissioners' record, that it was not 
 always well cared for. 
 
 "ORDERED: That the sheriff clean out the jail and not suffer the cells or 
 debtors' apartments of the same to be used for any purpose whatever except 
 for prisoners." The time was when a clean jail was an exception worthy of 
 note, and not so very long ago either, if we are to credit the statements of 
 the State Boards of Health and Charities. Knox county is to be congratulated 
 on this early action of its commissioners. ^ - ;. 
 
 The building was pretty thoroughly overhauled in 1863. We prefer, how- 
 ever, to tell the story of this building from the record of the board of super- 
 visors. A movement for betterments began in i86i, when an unsuccessful 
 attempt was made to start a new building. Another unsuccessful attempt to 
 build was made in 1867, all of which will more fully and interestingly appear 
 from the record herein inserted. 
 
 At the January meeting, i86i. Supervisor LeBaron offered the following 
 resolution : 
 
 Resolved, That it is expedient to build a good jail in Knox county for 
 the more effectual keeping of prisoners, which was seconded and determined 
 in the negative. 
 
 The following report, submitted at the May meeting, 1863, shows the 
 condition of the jail. 
 
 The undersigned committee on jail repairs, appointed at the last meeting 
 of the board, would respectfully report: 
 
 That in pursuance of the duties enjoined upon us, we made a thorough 
 and careful examination of the jail and found the reports of the grand jurors 
 correct in their statements that thorough repairs were absolutely necessary ; that 
 the jail was not safe, a mere loophole for the escape of prisoners; that owing 
 to the situation of the vault it was offensive and unclean to such a degree as 
 to endanger the health of the prisoners and also the family having charge 
 of the same. 
 
 Your committee examined several plans for the repairs, taking into account 
 the cost and also the security to be gained, and adopted one which has nearly 
 been carried into effect, to-wit: Lining the inner surface of the outer walls 
 below with heavy boiled iron, riveted to 454-inch iron bars, giving it great 
 
 ToLI U 
 
HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY 'v-vX: 
 
 .firmness, and affording space for deep countersinking, so that the riveting is 
 
 perfectly smooth on the inside, and preventing the possibility of removing 
 
 / rivets, and the whole firmly bolted in such manner that the casing could not 
 
 . ' be removed even by the use of suitable tools, without making much noise, and 
 
 a great length of time spent thereon. To obviate the stench and enable the jail 
 
 ' to be kept clean, your committee has caused holes eight inches in diameter 
 
 to be cut through the solid rock and iron casings, on an angle of 45 degrees 
 
 ; and are now engaged in erecting a brick vault on the outside of the jail twelve 
 
 feet long by five feet wide, to be drawn in when a suitable distance from the 
 
 . : , ground and a chimney or flue therefrom to extend above the roof of the build- 
 
 ing, this arrangement, with close-fitting covers on the iron seats inside of th 
 
 jail, with little care on the part of the jailor, will render the jail as free from 
 
 smell as any building unexposed to the sun's rays can be expected to be. 
 
 When the iron work is painted white, and the stone work well whitewashed, 
 ' - the rooms will be as light as before the lining was put in. 
 ' . Your committee would recommend, if deemed necessary by the board to 
 
 have the additional room, that the upper rooms be similarly incased (the rooms 
 being now utterly worthless for prison purposes). This might be done with 
 much lighter material, and would be sufficiently secure for parties imprisoned 
 or held for minor offenses, thus relieving them from the necessity of being 
 locked up in cells during the night and leaving additional room for the safe 
 keeping of desperate characters, besides enabling the jailer to keep the un- 
 fortunate, or those who have perhaps committed a minor offense for the first 
 ; time, from the contamination of the older and more desperate characters. 
 : - 1 Your committee would report expenses incurred so far, as follows: I '..' 
 
 ; Bill of Miles Smith for iron, freight, etc $512.70 
 
 Bill of William Armstrong for labor, etc 376.11 
 
 Bill of Joseph Schumaker, draying 4.00 
 
 Bill of Z. W. Stevens, lime, sand, etc 23.20 
 
 Bill of James McCracken for brick I7-SO 
 
 Bill of Daniel Fox, hauling brick 6.00 
 
 Making $939-51 
 
 . The additional expense which will have to be incurred to complete the 
 
 improvements your committee have in contemplation, is estimated at about $50, 
 . making the whole expense for repairing the prison department of the jail cost 
 
 .^ a trifle less than $1000. 
 
 We have estimated that the cost of making the repairs to the upper rooms 
 . of the jail, contemplated in a former portion of the report, will be about the 
 
 sum of $700. ., . 
 
 Respectfully submitted, >. " , ^ ^ , 
 
 ' .'- ,-: '^^^ih ' ' ^' ARMS, . '^ 
 
 :','/<.. . : ; JOHN S. WINTER, ; 
 
 Committee. 
 
 Your committee would further report that an examination of tht dwelling 
 
 : part of the jail building satisfied your committee that considerable repairs were 
 
 necessary, the plastering and paper dirty and broken, and the fencing broken 
 
 ' down, posts rotted, etc. The sheriff called our attention to these matters, but 
 
'::t^' ; V; ;s HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY ; / -:f 147 
 
 we were disposed to refer the matter to the board, as further repairs are 
 
 required, to- wit : Pointing up of brick work, repairs to roof, and the building 
 
 should be painted and pointed. But the sheriff deemed the immediate repairs 
 
 so necessary that he proceeded to have the same done and for which bills 
 
 will be presented. .'./W'>-"'- >'>' -^ -^ -'-'-''' ,P^ ';'-" :" 
 
 '..';'."'- ' :-'. "^- ' .'-?."- v'U'. -'- ^'-;-'v'':'-'^/C'^' C. ARMS, ...-' i, ' .''''.I''i- 
 
 ;--\;:.^ :' ''':':. ": ;.'''' '' /J ;'.'-, '':.' :.^-"- >';'-' -''-v- : '-:: JOHN S. WINTER, ';^ 
 
 ' "' ' ''":''' '" Committee. : 
 
 ' ; On motion of Supervisor Potter said report was accepted and approved. ; 
 January, 1866. Mr. Harden offered the following resolution: '-: 
 
 Resolved, That whereas the board of supervisors have examined the con- 
 dition of the county jail, feel that the frequent escapes of prisoners is entirely 
 chargeable to the culpable negligence of the proper custodians of said jail and 
 recommend that a committee of three be appointed to investigate the causes 
 and apply the proper remedy. Resolution adopted, when the chairman appointed 
 Messrs. Harden, Gray and Arms committee, as provided for by the resolution. 
 
 April, 1866. Mr. Arms from the committee to which was referred the 
 matter of the frequent escape of prisoners from the county jail, 
 
 Reported, That your committee appointed to investigate the cause of the 
 frequent escape of prisoners proceeded to obtain such evidence as came within 
 their reach, and report that they referred the matter to the grand jury to take 
 such action upon it as in their wisdom was necessary. 
 
 September, 1867. Mr. Keightley from jail committee presented the follow- 
 ing monthly report: 
 
 In regard to the requirements of a resolution passed at the last meeting 
 of this board the undersigned, a portion of the committee on jail and jail 
 expenses, would submit the following report: - : .. 
 
 They visited the jail and examined it thoroughly, and found that the same 
 is unsafe and insecure, and not sufficient to hold prisoners of bad and desperate 
 characters incarcerated therein. That the cells of same are badly ventilated, 
 damp and unhealthy. That in the opinion of this portion of the committee 
 said jail cannot be made safe, secure and comfortable without incurring a very 
 large expense to the county. That a portion of said committee have taken 
 considerable pains, and trouble to see and examine other jails and find the 
 one in Henry county in every and all respects, as to security of prisoners and 
 safety of health, as also its general arrangements, to be such a one as this, 
 or any county in need of a jail, requires. That such a jail could be built by 
 this county, by working in the njaterial of the old jail, for $25,000 or $30,000. 
 That Henry county jail will accommodate thirty prisoners; that our present 
 jail has to be guarded night and day to keep its prisoners from escaping, at a 
 great expense to the county. 
 
 This portion of the committee would recommend the building of a new jail, 
 substantially upon the plan of the one in Henry county. 
 
 - The committee further report, that in their opinion, prisoners cannot be 
 dieted with present prices of provisions for less than 75 cents per day. ' ;. /i.-- 
 .- , . . . . ..- ;. . :. V ,. - ... H. N. KEIGHTLEY,'.' ./;' 
 
 '' - ^ - 
 
 Mr. Vaughn moved that hereafter 62^2 cents per day be allowed for dieting 
 
148 ' HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY -:''- A 
 
 prisoners. Lost. Yeas, Messrs. Meek, Gale, Conger, Newell, Beadle, Hamrick, 
 Swigart, Johnston, Vaughn and Gibbs, lo. Nays, Messrs. Harden, Clay, Whiting, 
 McKee, Dunlap, Wykoff, Sumner, Charles, Keightley, Chambers, Hall, Wood 
 and Shaffer, 13. 
 
 Mr. McKee moved that 50 cents per day be allowed in future for dieting 
 prisoners. Lost. Yeas, Messrs. McKee, Dunlap, Sumner, Charles, Hamrick, 
 Wood and Shaffer, 7. Nays, Messrs. Meek, Harden, Clay, Gale, Conger, 
 Whiting, Wykoff, Newell, Keightley, Beadle, Swigart, Johnston, Chambers, 
 Hall, Vaughn and Gibbs, i6. 
 
 Mr. Harden moved that 75 cents per day be allowed for dieting prisoners. 
 Carried. Yeas, Messrs. Meek, Harden, Clay, Gale, Conger, Whiting, Wykoff, 
 Beadle, Swigart, Johnston, Chambers, Hall and Gibbs, 13. Nays, Messrs. McKee, 
 Charles, Hamrick, Wood, Shaffer and Vaughn, 6. ., : .T .. 
 
 Adjourned until 2 o'clock P. M. 
 
 January, 1868. Mr. McKee offered the following resolution: 
 Resolved, That this board will hereafter allow but fifty cents per day 
 for dieting prisoners while in the county jail. Lost. Yeas, Messrs. Clay, 
 McKee, Dunlap, Wykoff, Newell, Hamrick, Johnston, Shaffer and Vaughn, 9. 
 Nays, Messrs. Meek, Harden, Gale, Conger, Sanderson, Whiting, Sumner, 
 Beadle, Swigart, Miles, Chambers, Hall, Wood and Gibbs, 14. 
 
 In April, 1869, an election was held to decide upon the question of the 
 removal of the county seat from Knoxville to Galesburg. The returns gave 
 the victory to Knoxville, when the matter was taken into court, where it 
 remained until January, 1873, when by the decision of the State Supreme court, 
 the county seat was moved to Galesburg. The decision was read at January 
 special meeting of that year, when by a formal vote of the board of supervisors, 
 the removal was at once made effective. The Knoxville interests soon began 
 to circulate petitions calling for another vote on the question at a special election 
 for that purpose to be held one week after the general election, to be held 
 in the month of November. At the March special meeting, 1873, a movement 
 for the construction of a new county jail was begun. In the interest of 
 Knoxville, Mr. Lewis Andrews had applied to Hon. Thomas F. Tipton, judge 
 of the Circuit court of McLean county, for an injunction restraining the board 
 of supervisors of Knox county from building a jail. No notice had been given 
 to Galesburg parties, and upon an ex-parte hearing, a temporary injunction was 
 granted and served upon the board at this March meeting. Hon. E. P. Williams, 
 of Galesburg, Illinois, was employed by the board of supervisors to look after 
 the matter. Upon a full hearing of the case before the Hon. Henry B. Hopkins, 
 judge of the Circuit court of Peoria county, Illinois, the injunction was dis- 
 solved. An appeal was taken to the Supreme court of the state, where the 
 decree of the Circuit court of Peoria county was affirmed. 
 
 , The steps for the building of the jail at Galesburg will more fully appear 
 from the following record. 
 
 An adjourned meeting of the board was held at city of Galesburg, February 
 27th, 1873. 
 
 Present Hon. A. C. Clay, chairman; members, Messrs. P. H. Smith, M. C. 
 Bates, W. S. Gale, J. M. Morse, B. S. Stanley, H. R. Sanderson, John Junk, 
 Heber Gillis, Daniel Wainwright, Peter Godfrey, George A. Charles, G. G. 
 
: > ;- HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY o' ' 149 
 
 Stearns, L. W. Benson, Wm. Swigart, R. W. Miles, H. E. Stevens, J. W. 
 Hensley, Wm. West and John Wilson. John S. Winter, clerk. A. W. Berggren, 
 
 sheriff. 
 
 Mr. Wood presented the following statement from commissioners on public 
 buildings: i' ; ' '-;.^; .: .;; 'viVV- 
 
 To the Honorable Board of Supervisors of Knox County: 
 
 * * * The directions of your honorable board have in all respects been 
 complied with. That the deeds and leases are deposited with the county clerk 
 and are now matters of record ; and the sum of twenty thousand dollars, fur- 
 nished by the city of Galesburg, as aforesaid, is now in the county treasury. 
 
 .:..... . Respectfully, ...'V 
 
 :';-^'\'v;.-''/\':/;\->^v-;;. .-*>.,? :,.".V ';' ' J. M. HOLYOKE, ''""'.- 
 
 ,.; ,;^ '::-.'?-;';.'. ./^; vU:,;; .-^Vvl v^ v:!: Chairman of Committee. '. ..; 
 .- On motion the report was ordered recorded and published. ; 
 
 Mr. Gale, from special committee to procure plans and estimates for a 
 county jail, reported that said committee have examined the jails in the counties 
 of Henry and Peoria, and examined various plans submitted to them; that 
 they have procured from Mr. Quayle, of Peoria, plans modeled after the 
 Peoria jail, with some reduction of size, which they beg leave to submit for 
 the consideration of the board. 
 
 Mr. Charles moved that the jail committee be directed to report plans 
 and specifications for building a jail in the city of Galesburg which shall not 
 cost to exceed $50,000 and make such report to a meeting of the board to be 
 held two weeks from today. . . . < ; 
 
 Mr. Gale offered the following as a substitute: ' ' ..;..- c- :. 
 
 That the committee be directed to have complete specifications with the plan 
 for a jail filed in the county clerk's office, that the clerk be directed to adver- 
 tise for proposals to be examined by this board at a meeting two weeks hence, 
 that the committee in the meantime be instructed to further scrutinize the 
 plan with a view of proposing such changes at such meeting as they may find 
 desirable. . . .-. .. ': ; ; J;'' ; / : J 
 
 Mr. Smith and Mr. Bates proposed amendments, but neither meeting a 
 second. 
 
 Mr. Charles offered the following as a substitute: .."'..:..; 
 
 . Resolved, That the clerk of this board be required to have published in 
 the Chicago Times and Chicago Journal, and the weekly papers of this county, 
 the following notice. 
 
 ',-,-';;;-';' 1 _--;-..;;:;;:" NOTICE ;-.;: .;..,;:.... .. .;--.,/:... ^. 
 
 Sealed proposals will be received at the county clerk's office up to lo o'clock 
 A. M. of April i4th, 1873, for a new jail to be built in the city of Galesburg, 
 County of Knox and State of Illinois, according to plans and specifications 
 to be filed in the county clerk's office; to be completed in eight months after 
 the letting of the contract. The board of supervisors reserving the right to 
 reject any and all bids not considered advantageous to the county. 
 
 By order of the' board. ' -i '> -''-'" 
 
 ; ' The yeas and nays being called, resulting : Yeas, Messrs. Wainwright, God- 
 
150 ;>-:V- HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY ':^,';:; : 
 
 f rey, Charles, Stearns, Miles, Hensley, West and Wilson, 8. Nays, Messrs. ' . 
 Smith, Bates, Gale, Dieterich, Morse, Stanley, Sanderson, Junk, Gillis, Wood, 
 Curtis, Benson, Swigart, Stephens and Ogden, 15. Lost, v, . j .: " 
 
 The question being upon the substitute of Mr. Gale, it was carried: Yeas, -.' 
 Messrs. Bates, Gale, Dieterich, Morse, Stanley, Sanderson, Junk, Gillis, Wood. : 
 Curtis, Benson, Stephens, Ogden and Chairman, 14. Nays, Messrs. Smith, 
 Wainwright, Godfrey, Charles, Stearns, Swigart, Miles, Hensley, West and 
 Wilson, lo. Absent, Messrs. Leighton and Soles, 2. .. .- 
 
 Mr. Miles moved to amend motion as substituted, by postponing the time '; 
 for meeting of the board for the examination of proposals, until the second 
 Tuesday in April. Ruled out of order. :.-; :;:.;'''' -vie!: :'v I fv; ^V"^'; 
 
 The substitute of Mr. Gale was then adopted. Yeas, Messrs. Bates, Gale,;; .; 
 Dieterich, Morse, Stanley, Sanderson, Junk, Gillis, Wood, Curtis, Benson, > 
 Stephens, Ogden and Chairman, 14. Nays, Messrs. Smith, Wainwright, God-, ' ; 
 frey, Charles, Stearns, Swigart, Miles, Hensley, West and Wilson, lO. I . ' 
 
 On motion of Mr. Ogden the board adjourned for two weeks from today, . . 
 to meet again at this place. ; 
 
 March Special Meeting. A March special meeting of the board was held at \. . 
 the city of Galesburg, March I3th, 1873. ^ 
 
 Present, same as at last meeting with G. V. Dieterich, H. P. Wood, A. S. i ' 
 Curtis, Wm. A. Leighton, M. B. Ogden and James Soles, added. . v ., . .. - ' 
 
 Board opened by proclamation. .; 
 
 Mr. Gale moved that the special order, being examination of proposals for . ' 
 building county jail at Galesburg, take precedence of the reading of the min- . 
 utes of former meeting of the board, and that the board now proceed to open '. 
 bids for construction of jail. Carried. ' 
 
 The sheriff, by his deputy, served a writ of injunction upon the board of ,7 
 supervisors, and each member thereof present, at the suit of Lewis Andrews, 
 granted by Hon. Thomas F. Tipton, judge of the Circuit court of McLean , 
 county, enjoining said board of supervisors from "Letting any contract to build '.' ; 
 any county jail, or county prison, or any building of any kind or description; 
 whatsoever, to be used, or purposed to be used, for the confinement of prisoners, "." 
 or for any other purpose, for which a county jail or county prison is commonly ' > 
 used, and enjoining and restraining said board of supervisors from taking any 
 further steps whatsoever towards the building of a county jail or county prison." 
 
 Mr. Charles moved that the board adjourn until the i4th day of April next. ' / 
 Yeas 9. Nays 14. Excused i. Absent i. '-'. .'..'' 1 ' 
 
 Mr. Hazzard, one of the parties having made a bid for building county 
 jail, on behalf of himself and other bidders, asked leave to withdraw their ;: 
 bids from examination. On motion of Mr. Charles the request was granted, -^- - 
 when several bids were withdrawn, r ;;.;;,:.....:.''-:' v'-';'^""?' ;:! '-' 
 
 Mr. Charles moved that proposals filed by parties not present, be returned ' 
 to the parties unopened. Lost. Yeas, Messrs. Wainwright. Godfrey, Charles, . 
 Stearns, Swigart, Miles, Leighton, West, Wilson and Ogden, lo. Nays, Messrs. . '^ 
 Smith, Bates, Gale, Dieterich, Morse. Stanley, Sanderson, Junk, Gillis, Wood, .;:- 
 Curtis, Benson, Stephens and Soles, 14. i -.'.-' j '...= 
 
 Mr. Gale offered the following resolution: - \ 
 
 Resolved, That this board will proceed to let the contract for building 
 
;;'. ;^: '; : V HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY ; v -v 
 
 a jail, conditioned upon the dissolution of the injunction, Provided, the bids ' 
 when opened shall prove to be satisfactory. Adopted. Yeas, Messrs. Bates, '.'; 
 Gale, Dieterich, Morse, Stanley, Sanderson, Junk, Gillis, Wood, Curtis, Benson, . / 
 Stephens and Soles, 13. Nays, Messrs. Smith, Wainwright, Godfrey, Charles, ,::;: 
 Stearns, Swigart, Miles, Leighton, West and Wilson, lo. Excused, Mr. Ogden, 
 I. Absent, Mr. Hensley, i. ... 
 
 The clerk called attention of the board to the wording of injunction, and : . , 
 his duties. ; ;' . ; 
 
 The board, on motion of Mr. Gale, proceeded to open proposals, received,- ';.-.' 
 those previously withdrawn having been returned. '/ - 
 
 ''" The bids received were as follows: ;' ' '; '''''//; -X/ ;/ 
 
 Bid of Norris & Hinckley $43,7OO \, 
 
 Bid of Charles Ulrickson, Peoria 37.I5O ' ;' 
 
 Bid of Hiram H. Pierce, Peoria 36,000 
 
 Bid of Frost Mfg. Co., Galesburg 39,75O ' ; 
 
 Bid of J. P. Chapman, Galesburg 41 ,346 '; 
 
 Bid of Samuel J. Parry, Galesburg 41,000 
 
 Bid of A. Wallbaun, Chicago 42,650 
 
 Bid of James Hazzard & Son, Peoria 35.5OO 
 
 : , . : or for brick and stone work 21,643 ; 
 
 Bid of James Sherman, Batavia 39,ooo 
 
 or for masonry 20,000 , , 
 
 Bid of F. W. Menke & Co., Quincy, for brick and stone work 22,972 '/ 
 
 Bid of Johnson & Askew, Macomb, for brick and stone work 28,000 .- 
 
 Mr. Gale offered the following resolution, which was adopted: :..; -V 
 
 Resolved, That the chair appoint a committee to compare the bids offered 
 and to report for the consideration of the board this afternoon the most ,. 
 favorable bid, with contract and bonds, it being understood that the contract^ 
 and bonds are to be conditioned upon the dissolution of the injunction. - ' . . 
 
 The chair appointed Messrs. Ogden, Miles and Wood said committee. .; ; ' 
 
 Mr. Charles presented the following protest, which after being read, was /' - 
 ordered spread upon the records. ; .' . 
 
 . ; "We, the undersigned, supervisors of Knox county, do hereby solemnly-;/' 
 protest and remonstrate against any action being taken by the board for the -., 
 erection of a county jail, or any other county buildings in the city of Galesburg, 
 or for the outlay or expenditure of any of the county funds for such purpose; 
 of the entering into any contracts, or incurring any indebtedness for such 
 purpose; and demand that this protest be spread upon the records of this board, .;. ;" . 
 for the following reasons, viz.: : . ;: 
 
 That any such action by this board would be wholly illegal, and in defiance : / : 
 of the injunction issued by a court of competent jurisdiction and duly served, 
 and in contempt of such court; and in violation of our solemn oaths to support v ' 
 and abide by the law. ': 
 
 Because any contract or contracts entered into by this board, with any ' - 
 person or persons, for the erection of a county jail or any other public county .' 
 building in the city of Galesburg would be wholly illegal and void, and in de- . 
 fiance of said injunction, and in contempt of the court issuing such injunction. i . 
 
 Because a majority of the tax payers and legal voters of this county are . 
 
152 ;: HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY :v ;"'; ^ | ;. ;\ 
 
 not in favor of the county seat being and remaining in the city of Galesburg, 
 and are opposed to any county buildings being erected in said city, or any 
 indebtedness being incurred, or funds of the county being expended for any 
 such purpose. That at the election held upon the relocation of the county 
 seat, in the year 1869, it was determined by the Supreme court of this state, 
 in adjudicating the effects of such election, that after casting out the entire 
 vote of Knox township, except 311 votes, there was but about lOO majority 
 in favor of removal ; whereas it is a well known fact, and admitted by the 
 pleadings in said cause, that there were legfally cast in said Knox township 
 about 700 legal votes against removal, there would have been a clear majority 
 against removal of about 200. It, therefore, appearing that the real expression 
 of the voters of the county at that time was against removal, the inference 
 is unavoidable that a majority of the voters of said county were and are 
 opposed to the location of the county seat in the city of Galesburg. 
 
 Because the question of a relocation of the county seat is now pending 
 before the people of said county, and due notice has been given to determine 
 the will of the people of said county, whether the county seat shall remain 
 in the city of Galesburg or be removed to the city of Knoxville, by a vote to 
 be taken at an election to be held in said county in November next. Common 
 justice demands that the people of said county should determine at which 
 place they desire their county seat should remain and be located before this 
 board proceed to erect any other county buildings, or incur any indebtedness 
 or expenditure of moneys for such purpose. That the interests of the county 
 will be best subserved by awaiting the final decision of the people of the county. 
 That the erection of county buildings before such question is determined would 
 be unjust to the tax payers and electors of this county, and injurious to the 
 best interests of the citizens. 
 
 Because at the time this board was elected by the people it was not known, 
 nor expected, that during the existence of the present board, the county seat 
 would be removed to the city of Galesburg. And further, it was not known 
 that this board would proceed to take any measures towards the erection of 
 any county buildings in said county or incur any indebtedness beyond the 
 ordinary expenses of the county, and that a decent respect for the wishes 
 of the people demands that before this board take any such action the people 
 of the county should have an opportunity to express by their votes whether 
 they are in favor of any public buildings being erected in said county, and 
 whether any such indebtedness should be incurred, or means expended ; that 
 the people should at least be allowed through their representatives elected, after 
 due notice of any such expenditure, whether they are in favor of any such 
 proceeding of this board. 
 
 Because, if at the election to be held in November next, a majority of 
 the voters of said county should be in favor of relocating the county seat in 
 the city of Knoxville, there are in said city all necessary county buildings 
 (with the exception of some few repairs to the county jail), sufficient to 
 (answer the needs of the county, for many years to come; in fact, equal if not 
 better than similar buildings in a majority of the counties of this state. .. 
 
 Because the people of Knox county are grievously oppressed with taxes. 
 That the county is now largely in debt, and to pay off such indebtedness, will 
 
.;,;: yv;;;:^: : r;.; HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY /;:,;;) 153 
 
 require a large amount of tax to be collected from the tax payers of the county.- 
 That the experience of other counties that have incurred large indebtedness 
 in the erection of county buildings, or for other purposes, teaches that the 
 burden of such indebtedness, and payment of consequent large taxes, prostrate 
 the general interests of the county and largely decreases the value of the 
 lands, products and property of such counties, and that the creation of such 
 an indebtedness upon this county at the present time, without first awaiting 
 an expression of the wishes of the tax payers of this county, would justly 
 call forth their severest censure and be in violation of our sworn duty to protect 
 the public good, and faithfully subserve the public welfare. , X; .--,'. 
 
 Because the county is so largely in debt and without any money in the 
 treasury, or present means to discharge such debt, so that to increase any 
 indebtedness would be wholly illegal. That before the board can properly 
 proceed to erect, or cause to be erected, any county buildings in this county 
 a tax must be levied and the necessary funds provided. That such funds do 
 not now exist, and that to proceed to erect any county buildings without such 
 necessary funds being provided, would be wholly unwarranted by law and 
 all contracts entered into for such purposes would be unlawful and of no 
 effect, further than to involve the county in expensive and useless litigation. 
 
 Because the promised donations of the city of Galesburg towards the 
 erection of such county buildings, and lands on which to locate the same, are 
 wholly illegal and void, as lately decided by the Supreme court of the state in 
 a similar case, and were and are fraudulently made for the purf)ose of deceiv-r 
 ing the tax payers of this county. And whereas it appears by the decision 
 of our Supreme court that all such donations can be recovered by the city 
 of Galesburg at the expense of the county and entail upon the tax payers 
 of the county an additional binder, it is gross injustice to the tax payers of 
 the county to erect such buildings upon and in consideration of such promises, 
 now known to be void, and of no effect. 
 
 And, finally, for the reasons we have suggested and many others which 
 we might urge, justice to ourselves, to our constituents, to the tax payers and 
 the people of the county, all demand that we protest and remonstrate against 
 the unwarranted, hasty and unjust action of this board. Believing, as we do, 
 that the tax payers of this county are already sadly oppressed with the burden of 
 heavy taxes, and that could they be heard, they would express themselves 
 by a very large majority against the unjust and hasty action of this board, 
 and against the unjust and oppressive taxation which it is proposed to infiict 
 upon them. And further, knowing as we do, that the farming and producing 
 interests of the county are suffering grievously from the unjust and excessive 
 extortion of monopolies, in addition to the heavy load of necessary taxation 
 and the decreased value of their products, that they look to us as guardians 
 of their interests and of the county finances, to protect them a* far as lies 
 in our power from any unjust oppression, such as is proposed to be inflicted 
 upon them by a majority of this board. We would consider ourselves direlect 
 in our duty did we not in their names present this protest and remonstrance, 
 believing our constituents and the people of the county generally will sustain 
 us and be rejoiced in an action. 
 
154 HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY y >V ; V 
 
 We, therefore, respectfully ask the board to consider this remonstrance 
 
 and to spread the same upon their record.. \ ' I '- 
 
 ;.;/- GEORGE A. CHARLES, DANIEL WAINWRIGHT, 
 
 . ' . M " . W. S. LEIGHTON, JOHN WILSON, . 
 
 ; :'. WILLIAM G. WEST, G. G. STEARNS, ;' ' 
 
 ' " , WILLIAM SwiGART, RUFUS W. MILES, 
 
 .''"-. . . : ; PETER GODFREY. \'v ';:'; 
 
 . - : . '< ',. 
 
 Mr. Wood from special committee reported as follows: V ;'..". 
 To the Hon. Board of Supervisors: 
 
 Your committee, to whom the bids for building county jail and jailor's resi- 
 dence were referred, would report: 
 
 That the bid of Messrs. James Hazzard & Son was the lowest offered, being 
 for the sum of thirty-five thousand, five hundred dollars ($35,500), but they not 
 being willing to enter into a contract, or stand to that bid for two weeks, 
 provided the injunction served on the board of supervisors be dissolved in that 
 time, we accept the bid of Hiram Pierce for the sum of thirty-six thousand 
 dollars ($36,000), he agreeing to stand to said bid for said two weeks and 
 execute good and sufficient securities to that effect. 
 
 :.,-::;- ;. .. M. B. OGDEN, 
 
 "/';'.-^-r' f ' . ',-\;'" '''/:'.'.';:.'-'. "'-'?^ H. P. WOOD. 
 
 On motion the report of the committee was accepted and adopted. 
 Mr. Gale offered the following resolution, which was adopted: 
 Resolved, That the committee appointed to procure plans for the jail be 
 authorized to close contract with and obtain bonds from Hiram H. Pierce, on 
 the terms of his bid. Provided, the injunction obtained against the board shall 
 be dissolved within two weeks from this date. . ' ' '. . ;^. M ' 
 Mr. Gale also offered the following resolution, which was adopted: 
 Resolved, That the same committee be authorized to exchange the lot deeded 
 to the county by A. N. Bancroft for another lot, provided by such exchange a 
 lot equally well situated and large in size and better adapted for a site for a 
 jail can be obtained without any further cost to the county, and to locate the 
 jail on such lot. 
 
 Mr. Morse moved that when this board adjourn it adjourn to meet at thit 
 place two weeks from today at lo o'clock A. M. Carried. 
 
 Mr. Gale offered the following resolution which was adopted: - | 
 
 Resolved, That E. P. Williams, Esq., be appointed by the board to apply 
 for a dissolution of the injunction obtained against this board. 
 
 While the board of supervisors was awaiting a final decision of the in- 
 junction case restraining it from doing anything towards building a jail the 
 second vote on the removal of the county seat was taken, "being an election 
 for and against the removal of the county seat of the County of Knox from 
 Galesburg to Knoxville," held November nth, 1873. The canvass of votes and 
 certificate of the result was filed with the county clerk and recorded in Vol. D 
 of Supervisors Record, page 283, and is as follows: . ; 
 
;v:' 7 ./ HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY ;v ' 7l:.:: 
 or Precincts : ; " -^V ";-.:;;.: For Removal Against Removal 
 
 St. Augustine 4^ : /V' ;r "<<|?v ^^ ; 
 
 Indian Point ' 76 ; "9 > y, 
 
 Cedar 125 > 205, , .' 
 
 Galesburg 9 I59 '^ 
 
 City of Galesburg, ist ward o 225 . 
 
 City of Galesburg, 2nd ward o , 240 /, 
 
 City of Galesburg, 3rd ward O ; v 259 
 
 City of Galesburg, 4th ward o ; 370 
 
 City of Galesburg, 5th ward 4 .; 298 
 
 City of Galesburg, 6th ward o 234 ^ 
 
 City of Galesburg, 7th ward 2 : ' 283 f-'-. 
 
 Henderson 44 -. 229 
 
 Rio 100 . . ^V'S!^ ;; 
 
 Chestnut 221 - - ; ; i**^' ; 5 
 
 Orange 245 ' ;J*; - ^ 
 
 Knox 546 V;. t*;' " : 
 
 Sparta 87 '':'' 206 :v 
 
 Ontario 59 256 ; 
 
 Maquon 246 ... .^ . ; y 
 
 Haw Creek 208 V 
 
 Persifer 162 . ; . ;;; ?'.: 
 
 Copley 150 ^'- 
 
 Walnut Grove 125 . : ', 176 
 
 Salem 276 - 1 1 1 
 
 Elba 192 I 
 
 Truro 135 ^ ' '/ 
 
 Victoria 167 .^ V 
 
 Lynn 84' 
 
 v-; :-;;;. -.,,;;- ;.: '^'-;N.-':--'-^^ -v:-'..^. '-.-a': -^.' 3309 -;;' ... 3785 ;y:%^ 
 
 TV' ''''' .-;',.; ...^.V.'- /-'-/V' ABSTRACT OF VOTES ';/.;:; '-V'... - ' . ''''.,: /^^^.^^.':'.'^.'^ 
 
 For and against removal of the county seat of Knox county. State of Illinois, V 
 from Galesburg, its present location, to the city of Knoxville, in said county, at , 
 an election held in said county on Tuesday, the nth day of November, A. D. 
 One Thousand Eight Hundred and Seventy-Three. 
 
 For removal, received three thousand three hundred and nine (3309) votes. 
 
 Against removal, received three thousand seven hundred and eighty-five '' 
 (3785) votes. -^ 
 
 We the undersigned justices of the peace of the county above named were > 
 this day taken to the assistance of the county clerk of said county, and the 
 poll books for the aforesaid election were opened and the foregoing abstract . 
 made in our presence, at the clerk's office at Galesburg in said county, this ; 
 I5th day of November, A. D. 1873. 
 
 "' ' ' ' ' ' ' - ISAAC MASTIN/' - ;^v ; V 
 
 :;;" ' '-: ; ^ v' 'v . \-;:-'> "^ Police Magistrate of City of Kno.rville. S;,, '> 
 J.''-'".. ::';''"'.-';:'' ;'o^^-r;.~'';/..--;^: G. A. MARSH, '"''-;: 
 
 ' ;' ; :^ y- v!^;:; Police Magistrate of City of Galesburg. -[^i^t^^ 
 
156 HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY y.i^:: 5 V 
 
 State of Illinois, ) ' ! >. , . .' :: ^;y ;:.... 
 
 Knox County, j ' ^ ;v^^/..'' ''';.;. '':>.;-v^r,--';V ;.;;; 
 
 I, John S. Winter, clerk of the cotinty court within and for the county 
 and state aforesaid, do certify that the foregoing is a correct statement of the 
 votes cast "for removal" and "against removal" of the county seat of Knox 
 county from the city of Galesburg, its present location, to the city of Knox- 
 ville, in said county, at an election held in the different towns, wards and 
 precincts in the County of Knox, in said state, on Tuesday, the nth day of 
 November, A. D. 1873. 
 
 In testimony whereof I have hereunto set my hand and affixed the seal of 
 said court, at my office in Galesburg, in said county, this I5th day of November, 
 A. D. 1873. 
 (SEAL) , . JOHN S. WINTER, 
 
 . - County Clerk. 
 
 '. At the request of one-third of the members of the board a special meeting 
 was called for December 2nd, 1873, when the board took further action upon 
 the question of building a jail, as follows: 
 
 December Special Meeting, 1873. At the special meeting of the board of 
 supervisors of Knox County, pursuant to a call of the county clerk, at the request 
 of one-third of the members of said board, held at the court house in the city 
 of Galesburg, in said county, on Tuesday, the 2nd day of December, A. D. 1873. 
 Present, Hon. A. C. Clay, Chairman. Supervisors, P. M. Shoop, O. Beadle, 
 W. S. Gale, L. W. Benson, J. M. Morse, G. V. Dieterich, Wm. Swigart. Jas. L. 
 McCornack, B. S. Stanley, Jas. Johnston, H. R. Sanderson, John Sloan, Geo. A. 
 Charles, Jas. H. Nicholson, H. P. Wood, L. D. Shinn and H. J. Vaughn. John 
 S. Winter, Clerk. A. W. Berggren, Sheriff. 
 ^ Board opened by proclamation. :\: V .- .. \:>^'- ' /; 1 , ' 
 
 Mr. Sanderson moved that the business of this meeting be confined to such 
 action as may be necessary for the early construction of a jail for Knox 
 county, and the examination and approval of official bonds. 
 
 Messrs. Junk, Wainwright and Robson entered. :.;>/.. I 
 
 Messrs. Campbell and Harlan appointed to fill vacancies admitted to seats 
 in the board. 
 
 Mr. Swigart moved to amend, by postponing all action in regard to a 
 county jail, until the board received notice that the injunction pending in the 
 Supreme court is dissolved. Lost. Yeas, Messrs. Wainwright, Harlan, Swigart, 
 McCornack, Nicholson and Shinn, 6. Nays, Messrs. Campbell, Shoop, Gale, 
 Dieterich, Morse, Stanley, Sanderson, Junk, Robson, Charles, Wood, Beadle, 
 Benson, Johnston, Sloan and Vaughn, i6. 
 
 The motion of Mr. Sanderson was then adopted. .;';.-' ..1; * 
 
 Mr. Gale offered the following resolutions: 
 
 Resolved, That it is expedient to take at once the preliminary steps .towards 
 building a jail, and to proceed with the building, if an advantageous contract 
 can be made ; provided it shall appear that the entire cost of building and all 
 the contingent expenses shall not exceed $20,000 in addition to the amount 
 now in the county treasury as a special jail building fund. 
 
 Resolved, That there be appointed at this meeting, a committee of five 
 supervisors, to be called the jail building committee; that it shall be the duty 
 
V':V : ^;; V ; e ' HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY ; ;:^^;' 167 
 
 of such committee to examine and revise the plans and specifications now on 
 file in the clerk's office; that the committee be authorized to make such modifi- 
 cations as seem expedient, not materially increasing the expense or changing 
 the style, 
 
 Resolved, That it shall be the duty of the clerk, under the direction of 
 such committee, to advertise for proposals for building such jail. Such pro- 
 posals to be opened by the board at its next meeting. The board reserving 
 the right to reject all the proposals, if none be found satisfactory. 
 
 Resolved, That the clerk of the board act as clerk of the committee and 
 keep a record of all the proceedings of the committee. . : 
 
 One-half past one o'clock, P. M. Board met pursuant to adjournment. 
 
 The question being on the adoption of the resolutions offered by Mr. Gale, 
 they were adopted. ' .;; s \v:'>-: : -' '-^"^ 
 
 : Mr. Gale moved that the chair appoint the committee provided for by the 
 resolutions, and that the chairman of the board be a member of said committee, 
 and chairman thereof. Withdrawn. 
 
 Mr. Sanderson moved that the chair appoint committee of five, provided 
 for by Mr. Gale's resolutions, constituting a jail building committee, and that 
 the chairman of this board be added to such committee, and be chairman thereof. 
 Adopted. 
 
 Mr. Sanderson moved to suspend the rule. Carried, when ' ' 
 : Mr. Sanderson moved the appointment of a Committee on old county build- 
 ings, with George A. Charles as chairman, with instructions to report at the 
 next meeting of the board, their condition and the disposition proper to be 
 made of the same. Carried. The chair appointed Messrs. Charles, Beadle, 
 and Harlan such committee, \ 't^ :'^. ^: -. ' ' ' - 
 
 The chair appointed Messrs. Gale, Charles, Sloan, Wood and Campbell as 
 members of the jail building committee. 
 
 At the request of members, the clerk read specifications for building a new 
 jail. 
 
 January Meeting, 1874. There were present at this meeting, Hon. A. C. 
 Clay, chairman. Supervisors, Messrs. W. W. Campbell, H. P. Wood, P. M, 
 Shoop, O. Beadle, W. S. Gale, L. W. Benson, J. M. Morse, Wm. Swigart, B. 
 S. Stanley, R, W. Miles, Daniel Wainwright, James Johnston, Geo. W. Harlan, 
 John Sloan, Geo. A. Charles, J. H. Nicholson, C. K. Harvey, I.. D. Shinn, H, 
 J. Vaughn. J. S. Winter, clerk. A. W. Berggren, sheriflf. . . . . ; 
 
 Board opened by proclamation. 
 
 Mr. Clay, from the jail building committee, reported, that they have as 
 directed, examined the plan and specifications for jail in the clerk's office; that 
 they have made some changes which meet with the unanimous approval of the 
 committee. 
 
 That they had caused to be advertised a call for sealed proposals; that as 
 there are in attendance several persons interested in such proposals, they recom- 
 mend that the board proceed at once to examine such proposals. On motion 
 the report of the jail committee was accepted and adopted. 
 
 On motion of Mr. Sanderson, the changes made by the special jail com- 
 mittee in the plans and specifications for building county jail were read, and on 
 motion the amendments and alterations made by the committee were approved 
 by the board. > .,.>., ;^\ . . .. .- ,,^:;.;..--. ^. - . -......-. 
 
158 / ' HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY ,:yv; 
 
 The clerk opened and read the bids, as follows: , '. ..'. > ' >'. 
 
 F. C. Smith, Galesburg .$38,300 
 
 Hiram H. Pierce, Peoria 36,000 
 
 John T. Rhodes, Springfield, 111 38,000 
 
 Hopping & Ridgeley, Springfield, 111 35,2OO 
 
 Samuel J. Parry, Galesburg, 111 35,3OO 
 
 Ira R. Stevens, Galesburg, III 34.9OO 
 
 J, P. Chapman, Galesburg, 111 38,200 
 
 Geo. P. Adams, cut stone, Joliet, 111 1 1,200 
 
 Thomas E. Smith, Galesburg, 111 38,500 
 
 W. F. Bushnell, Mendota, 111 33,ooo 
 
 Wallace Carter, masonry 21,940 
 
 Thomas McKee, Galesburg, 111 3S>723 
 
 W. S. Bounton, iron work 4)3OO 
 
 Gindle Bros, cut stone, Chicago, 111 14,500 
 
 J. W. Atkinson, galvanized iron and roof, etc., Chicago, 111 1,780 
 
 Norris & Hinckley, Indianapolis, Ind 37,4OO 
 
 A. M. Hill, Galesburg, 111 39,95O 
 
 Chas. Ulrickson, Peoria, 111 35,86o 
 
 Geo. L. Arnold, Galesburg, 111 36,700 
 
 H. Andrews, Chicago, 111 31,500 
 
 James Shannon, Batavia, III 36,750 
 
 W. B. Bushnell, Quincy, 111 35,ooo 
 
 Daniel Collins, (cut stone $15,000) Batavia, 111 13,000 
 
 H. H. Ward, Chicago 19,900 
 
 Singer & Talcott Stone Co., cut stone 8,6oo 
 
 Singer & Talcott, Chicago, cut stone amended as per specifications 9,57O 
 
 A. Walbaum 38,300 
 
 On motion of Mr. Sanderson, all bids received were referred to the special 
 jail committee. 
 
 -.. Jan. 15, 1874. The jail building committee to whom was referred the 
 proposals received for building jail, made the following . : , . 
 
 .''v.'^;^'-^ . . _. REPORT '..,;,..-. ;--.;:.,;; 
 
 That they have examined the proposals referred to them, and find that 
 the lowest bid for building jail complete, is made by H. Andrews, for the sum 
 of $31.500. Your committee are unable to find any person acquainted with said 
 Andrews, and his bid contains no other reference to his residence or ability 
 to perform the contract, if given to him, than the address of his letter, which 
 is dated "Chicago." Your committe would further report that they have tele- 
 graphed to W. F. Bushnell, the next lowest bidder, being for $33,000 to meet 
 the committee tomorrow morning; and if he has had understanding of the 
 modifications made in the plan and specifications, and furnishes good and suf- 
 ficient bond, your committee are of the opinion the contract should be awarded 
 to him. Galesburg, Jan. 14, 1874. 
 
 In the absence of W. F. Bushnell, and the uncertainty when he m^y be 
 heard from, -'__: . . ' ..:':^:' -';.;'' '"' ~ ''::'.-'.'';/.; .'>1.'t--.' 
 
HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY 159 
 
 :, Mr. Gale moved that the bid of Ira R. Stevens, for building the 
 complete for the sum of ($34,900) thirty four thousand nine hundred dollars,- 
 be accepted. , 
 
 /' Mr. Junk entered. ,.-;. ' /f'^'---':-;..' f-'':^':^-^J--'^;:'i."-'':.- ^-.^ . . ' - '. "^. .'-':.;,;^-'o':"'-'v-- 
 
 On motion the further consideration of Mr. Gale's motion was postponed 
 until half past one o'clock this afternoon. 
 
 Afternoon session. Board met pursuant to adjournment. Present same 
 as in the morning, and Mr. Shoop. .: , :/ 
 
 The order of business being Mr. Gale's motion to accept the bid of Ira R. .-, 
 Stevens for building county jail, the motion after some discussion was adopted. 
 Yeas Messrs. Shoop, Campbell, Gale, Dieterich, Morse, Stanley, Robson, " 
 Charles, Harvey, Wood, Miles, Johnston, Sloan, Nicholson, Vaughn, 15, ,- 
 
 Nays Messrs. Junk, Wainwright, and McCornack, 3. -::.....*' 
 
 : Excused, Mr. Swigart. . :/ 
 
 . Absent, Messrs. Sanderson, Harlan, Beadle, Benson, Shinn, and Soles, 6. ; 
 
 Mr. Stevens appeared before the board, and presented his bond in the ; 
 sum of $10,000, signed by himself as principal, and by Samuel J. Parry, Samuel . 
 Hitchcock, E. P. Breckinridge and George W. Brown as securities, conditioned;' 
 for the faithful performance of his contract. :"' 
 
 Mr. Gale moved that the bond of Ira R. Stevens be approved, and the: 
 chairman and clerk be authorized to sign contract on the part of the board with 
 said Stevens for building jail. Adopted. . ; v ,:,t,, ,!;- 
 
 Mr. Gale offered the following resolution, which was adopted: V; 
 
 Resolved, That the special jail building committee continue in charge of ' 
 the building until the board shall otherwise provide. That the chairman of 
 the committee act as superintendent with such assistance as the committee 
 may provide for. . .^.- . . ,. . , ^ . . v 
 
 Mr. Gale presented the following proposition: ' ' 
 
 GALESBURG, III., Jan. 13, 1874. .. 
 To the Honorable Board of Supervisors of Knox County, Illinois: :' 
 
 GENTLEMEN I hereby propose and agree to sell to the county my resi- 
 dence in block 45, adjoining the lot donated by the city of Galesburg for / 
 a jail lot, for the sum of twenty-six hundred and fifty dollars. , 
 
 ;;';;.;..; ;'','.^;\-; /''...^''v^'-'/ivl-' ;/'" Respectfully, ;.''--.-:\' .;' ^\ /''*; v;'^-:'- .'"',;:;.- 
 
 .;. .'.';! . ''; ^^ '.-/: '.-'y'' ':,:.:'." "'', \''\ ^^/;;-'-;'.'^ : '; ABIGAL BURLINGHAM, .VvV;. ..;' ^ 
 
 HATTIE BURLINGHAM. , 
 
 And in connection with such proposition offered the following resolution: 
 
 Resolved, That the board accept the proposition of Mrs. Burlingham to i ; 
 sell to the county lot 8, block 45 for the sum of $2,650, and that an order 
 issue to her for that amount, payable upon the delivery of proper conveyance :.: 
 to the county clerk, showing complete chain of title. - 
 
 Resolved, That the chairman of jail building committee be directed to - 
 dispose of the house standing on the lot, to the best advantage. ;. 
 
 On motion of Mr. Morse, the board took a recess of half an hour to /, 
 enable members to examine lots on which it is proposed to build the jail. 
 
 On resuming business, Mr. Charles moved to postpone further consideration .;; 
 of the resolutions until tomorrow morning. Carried. 
 
 Mr. Beadle, from special committee, in reference to disposal of county 
 buildings at Knoxville, made the following report: .. . ,- .- ' 
 
160 : HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY :C :;;,:. 
 
 To the Honorable Board of Supervisors of Knox County: -V: 
 
 We, your committee, appointed to report what disposition should be made 
 of the county buildings, located in the city of Knoxville, would recommend 
 that they be offered at public auction, and sold to the highest bidder for cash, 
 
 \:.''-:/'./: ; , ;. -'^ ;. - O. BEADLE, ^,.1. ,; 
 
 ' '"'.7^;;-V : :\ ' ''';;:.;" '-''^'/- G. W. HARLAN, 
 
 Committee. 
 
 Mr. Charles, of special committee, made the following minority report: . 
 ' To the Board of Supervisors of Knox County: . .- /, v- I j . 
 
 We, the undersigned, being appointed a committee at the special meeting 
 of the board, held on the 2d day of December, 1873, "to consider and report 
 to this board what disposition had better be made of the county buildings 
 in the city of Knoxville," do report, that we recommend that the clerk of 
 this board be hereby authorized and required to make a quit-claim deed in 
 consideration of one dollar, to all the county buildings standing on the public 
 square in sai'd city of Knoxville, to the city council of said city. Also to 
 include in said deed, the jail and lot upon which it stands, being the south 
 part of lot No. one, in block No. five, with the exception that the county 
 continues to occupy said jail as long as the county desires; with the privilege 
 at any time to confine insane persons, or others that the county may see 
 proper. Such deed or deeds to be reported to this board for approval. 
 '':.*%; Respectfully submitted, . -:; :^^ v : - ! ; ;r V 
 
 GEORGE A. CHARLES. 
 
 Mr. Sanderson moved that the minority report be accepted by the board 
 and adopted. On which motion the yeas and nays were called, resulting: 
 
 Yeas Messrs. Shoop, Gale, Dieterich, Morse, Stanley, Sanderson, Junk, 
 Robson, Harvey, Charles, Miles, Sloan and Vaughn, 13. . . 
 
 Nays ^Messrs. Campbell, Wainwright, Wood, Beadle, Swigart McCor- 
 nack, Johnston and Nicholson, 8. 
 
 Absent Messrs. Harlan, Benson, Shinn and Soles, 4. !- ' 
 
 So the motion prevailed. XV /. ;;- T. ''!'; v\ 
 
 Jan. 1 6, 1874. Board met pursuant to adjournment. 
 
 Present Hon. A. C. Clay, chairman ; Supervisors Messrs. Campbell, Gale, 
 Dieterich, Morse, Stanley, Sanderson, Robson, Wainwright, Harlan, Charles, 
 Harvey, Beadle, Benson, Swigart, Miles, McCornack, Johnston, Sloan, and 
 Nicholson. 
 
 The special order being the resolution of Mr. Gale accepting the proposition 
 of Mrs. Burlingham for the sale of lot adjoining jail lot. 
 
 Mr. Harvey offered the following substitute: X''r - ' 1 
 
 Whereas, It appears that the lot donated by the city of Galesburg to Knox 
 county, for the location of the county jail is not large enough for that purpose, 
 and it appears that an additional lot must be purchased at a cost of not less than 
 $2,600.00; and it further appearing that a lot suitable for such purpose can be 
 purchased from the city of Galesburg, at a cost of about $1,500.00 and the re- 
 conveyance of the lot already donated by the city of Galesburg; be it 
 
 Resolved, That a quit-claim deed be made by the board of supervisors to 
 the City of Galesburg for the lot already donated, in consideration of the lot 
 now occupied by said city as a wood lot, on the comer of Simmons and Cedar 
 
. V:^/^v V-A- 
 
 streets, to be conveyed to the county by said city, and that the sum of $1,500.00 
 in addition be paid to said city, in case of the conveyance of said last mentioned 
 lot, provided, that said lot be conveyed by the city of Galesburg to the county -. 
 within thirty days from this date, and grant to the county the use of the sewer 
 on Broad street for drainage, without costs. <\ . 
 
 After some discussion, on motion of Mr. Campbell, further consideration of 
 substitute of Mr. Harvey was postponed until afternoon. 
 
 Afternoon session Mr. Harvey's substitute for resolution of Mr. Gale in 
 reference to purchase of additional jail lot being in order, after further dis- 
 cussion was rejected. . . . ; . 
 
 Yeas Messrs. Dieterich, Sanderson, Junk, Robson, Wainwright, Harvey, 
 Benson, Swigart, McCornack and Nicholson, lo. 
 
 Nays Messrs. Campbell, Gale, Morse, Stanley, Harlan, Charles, Beadle, 
 Miles, Johnston, Sloan and Vaughn, ii. ^I'l I" .- 
 
 The question recurring on the passage of Mr. Gale's resolutions, the same 
 were adopted. v 
 
 Yeas Messrs. Campbell, Gale, Morse, Stanley, Sanderson, Junk, Robson, 
 Harlan, Charles, Beadle, Benson, Miles, McCornack, Johnston, Sloan and 
 Vaughan, i6. ^: ':.r "./:;, ?^ 
 
 Nays Messrs. Dieterich, Harlan, Harvey, Swigart and Nicholson, 5. : ', 
 
 The clerk presented deeds in accordance with resolutions of yesterday, grant- - ; 
 ing the public buildings in Knoxville to that city, which deeds on motion of Mr.; ' . 
 Gale, were approved by the board. -/:. ; ' :/- 
 
 July adjourned meeting, 1874. Mr. Gale offered the following resolutions 
 and moved that they be laid over until tomorrow morning, or until after disposing 
 of special order : ' 
 
 Resolved, That the jail building committee be authorized to consent, on behalf 
 of the county, to such assessment as may be made against the property of the 
 county by the City of Galesburg, for the drainage of Cherry street, provided 
 such assessment should, in the judgment of the committee, be fair and reasonable, 
 and for the interest of the county. : /. 
 
 Resolved, That the jail building committee be authorized to negotiate for 
 the lot owned by Bancroft, between the jail lot and South street, and report 
 to the board, or contract for said lot or part thereof in behalf of the county, if 
 in their judgment the interest of the county may require. - : '. * 
 
 Mr. Gale called up the resolution, authorizing the jail building committee to 
 assent, on the part of the county, to such assessments as might be required, to 
 be levied on county property by the city of Galesburg in constructing a sewer 
 in Cherry street; and the board being advised in relation thereto, the same was ''' 
 adopted, : , ' - . . '^:'''.--- 
 
 Action on the second resolution of Mr. Gale's was postponed until tomor- ; V 
 row morning. ' . 
 
 July 28, 1874. Mr. Sumner offered the following resolution, which was 
 adopted: t; ' ' 
 
 Resolved, That the superintendent of the jail building be directed to build 
 a suitable and substantial fence around the jail lots, the kind of fence and manner 
 of building to be by and under the instruction of the board. 
 - On motion of Mr. Sumner, Messrs. Miles. Dieterich and Campbell were ap- 
 
 ... VoL Xll . ...... . . , 
 
102 ' ' HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY . ^.;;:: 
 
 pointed a committee to obtain plan and specifications for building fence on jail 
 lots, with instructions to report this afternoon. 
 
 Mr. Stanley moved that the same committee be instructed to report on the 
 cost of building walk in front of jail lot, and necessary stone walks to front and 
 north doors of jail. Carried. ::.-^ ;''-:. . ' I ^^''-.^ 
 
 Mr. Gale called up his resolution in regard to the purchase of additional 
 grounds for jail building. 
 
 Mr. Junk moved to lay the matter on the table, on which the yeas and nays 
 were demanded, resulting: ;. =:.J - . ' \ : -...v'^;' : .. i ' ; ; - 
 
 Yeas Messrs. Junk, Deatherage, VVainwright, Sumner, Eiker, Temple, John- 
 ston, Nicholson, Wilder and Ogden, lo. 
 
 Nays Messrs. Campbell, Gale, Dieterich, Stanley, Sanderson, DeLong, Crane, 
 Donason, Swigart, Miles and Sloan, ii. Lx)st. - "v 
 
 Mr. Sanderson moved to amend by authorizing the jail committee to purchase 
 the south half of the Bancroft lot, at a cost not exceeding six hundred dollars. 
 
 Afternoon session. Mr. Sumner moved to refer the matter of purchase of 
 additional jail lot to a special committee. Lost. 
 
 Mr. Sumner then moved to postpone action until the next meeting of the 
 board. Lost. 
 
 Mr. Sanderson withdrew his amendment, and Mr. Gale by consent modified 
 the resolution to read as follows: 
 
 Resolved, That the jail building committee be authorized to ascertain on what 
 terms the lot, or south half of the lot, owned by Bancroft, between the jail 
 lots and South street, can be obtained, and report to the board at its next 
 meeting. 
 
 Resolution as modified, adopted. r ' .r.. .; i' ; .A . I 
 
 Mr. Dieterich, from special committee on fence and sidewalks for jail, re- 
 ported an estimated cost for iron fence in front of jail lots, and close board 
 fence on the other three sides, and also for stone walks to front door, and door 
 of sheriff's office. Report accepted. ' ?>, 
 
 Mr. Sanderson moved that the jail building committee be directed to build 
 a tight board fence on the north, east and south sides of jail lot, and a good 
 substantial picket fence in front, and where necessary on said lots. Carried. 
 
 September meeting, 1874. Mr. Gale moved that the jail building committee 
 be instructed to build sidewalk in front of jail lot of Bloomington concrete, sim- 
 ilar to the walks now being laid in the public square by the City of Galesburg. 
 
 Mr. Swigart moved to amend by substituting stone walks. Lost. Motion of 
 Mr. Gale was then adopted. 
 
 Mr. Gale offered the following resolution, which was adopted: ^-i : j . 
 
 Resolved, That the jail building committee be authorized to procure bedsteads 
 and bedding for so many of the cells as it appears to be necessary to use, and 
 such other furniture for the jail rooms and the sheriff's office as is necessary. 
 
 Mr. Gale further moved, that the jail building committee be authorized to 
 procure connection for the jail and sheriff's house with the gas main, and to 
 procure suitable gas fixtures for the building. Adopted. 
 
 Mr. Gale, from special committee, reported in regard to addition to jail lot: 
 That the committee had failed to obtain any different terms than heretofore 
 reported; and moved that the chairman of the jail building committee be au- 
 
_._,:::-\:':^:^''-^^^ HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY v>V> 
 
 thorized to purchase the Bancroft lot, north of the east end of jail lots for a 
 sum not exceeding $1,500. Lost. '>'/ ; ^ .-":?'- CV V-',-' 
 
 V Mr. Sanderson was called to the chair, when 
 
 Mr. Clay moved that the jail building committee be authorized to pur- 
 chase the south four rods of the Bancroft lot, as an addition to the jail lot, 
 at a cost not exceeding $800.00. v .. 
 
 Mr. DeLong moved to amend by authorizing the purchase of the whole of the 
 Bancroft lot at a cost not exceeding $1,500.00. Carried. Yeas Messrs. Shoop, 
 V Gale, Dieterich, Morse, Stanley, Deatherage, DeLong, Donason, Swigart, Sloan. 
 ' ''' Soles and the chairman, 12 ; Nays Messrs. Sanderson, Junk, Wainwright, Sum- 
 , ner, Eiker, Temple, Johnston, Nicholson and Wilder, 9. Whereupon the reso- 
 : lution as amended was adopted. Yeas Messrs. Sharp, Gale, Dieterich, Morse, 
 Stanley, Sanderson, DeLong, Donason, Swigart, Sloan, Soles and the chairman, 
 X 12; Nays Messrs. Junk, Deatherage, Wainwright, Sumner, Eiker, Temple, 
 Johnston, Nicholson and Wilber, 9. 
 
 Mr. Clay moved that the jail building committee be authorized to sell on the 
 : best possible terms the house on the south half of the Bancroft lot; and to sell 
 the north half of the lot if found to be to the interest of the county to do so. 
 -' Adopted. .'-.-_ j':. :':'-,'' ;/ 
 
 September adjourned meeting, 1874. The special business of the meeting 
 . . being the reception of the county jail from the contractors, A. C. Clay, sup- 
 ': erintendent of construction, made the following report : 
 
 To the Honorable Board of Supervisors: . 'rV;, . .-.".- 
 
 . As superintendent of construction of jail, under appointment from your 
 honorable body, I would respectfully report : 
 
 That the jail and sheriff's house has been completed according to contract, 
 . (except building cistern, and connecting drainage, to be done as soon as water 
 in the ground will permit), and the same is now ready for your acceptance. 
 
 As superintendent, I have, from time to time, found it necessary to modify 
 
 and alter original plans, and after consultation in most instances with your 
 
 special jail committee, have made such alterations and modifications as were 
 
 -deemed beneficial, or tending to greater security of the jail; first, when possible, 
 
 , agreeing with the contractors as to the cost of such changes. The cost of the 
 
 jail and sheriff's house, including the cistern and drain connections yet to be 
 
 constructed), is a follows: 
 
 Contract price ; , . .$34.900.00 
 
 Extra to contractor for materials and labor, in alterations, etc 2,452.01 
 
 Making .$37.352.01 
 
 '; And I would further report, that the original ground being found too 
 
 ' , small, an additional lot was bought for 1,800.00 
 
 1 That additional expenditures have been made as follows: V .;:. '; , ''A 
 
 Committee visiting jails in 1873, allowed at March meeting, v .;'.. 
 
 1873 $116.50 ^^'^'}^^--;' 
 
 - Paid Wm. Quayle, architect, for plans, etc 210.00 ,- : ^' ' 
 
 . Paid for advertising for contracts 70.10 ' : . '-'v \' 
 
 ; ; Paid Wm. Quayle, for copy of plans 8.00 ' "/'-5 
 
 Paid committee, for services, (say) 125.00 
 
 Paid Winter, for copy of specifications IO.OO 539.6o 
 
 ;^ :;^;^: Making $39,691.61 
 
164 
 
 HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY 
 
 Which sum has been paid, except about 15 per cent,, to con- 
 
 ... tractor. .' V . 
 
 I would further report, that an additional lot, under direction ^ ; 
 of the board, was bought at $1,500, the north half of ; : 
 which with the buildings on the lot so purchased sold for, ' -' ' 
 
 say $900, leaving the south half at a cost of $600.00 
 
 Necessary fencing, already ordered, will cost 628.00 
 
 Stone walks on jail lot, laid under order of the board, as 
 
 per bill 391.00 
 
 Sidewalk is estimated to cost loo.oo 
 
 Grading of lot, and for sidewalk 75-OO 
 
 Gas fixtures will cost probably loo.oo 
 
 Surveyor's bill is 4.00 
 
 Making to be provided for $1,898.00 
 
 Making the cost of jail building and lots, entire $41,589.61 
 
 On which sum there has been paid as follows: 
 
 Ira R. Stevens, contractor $31,450.64 
 
 Jail lot 1,800.00 
 
 Architect, committee, advertising, etc 530.60 
 
 Making $33,790.24 
 
 Leaving unpaid the sum of $ 7,799.37 
 
 I would recommend that you pay the amount due Ira R. Stevens on con- 
 tract and for extras $37,352.01, less amount paid to him as shown by the 
 report, $31,450.64, and the further sum of $500.00 to be retained until the cistern 
 is built, and connections are made with drainage, as required by contract, being 
 the sum of $5,401.37; and also that provision be made for work yet to be done, 
 such as fencing, sidewalk, gas fixtures, etc. 
 
 All of which is respectfully submitted. ,- ,'':. . / - 
 
 A. C. CLAY. ;. 
 
 On motion of Mr. Sanderson the report was received. 
 
 Mr. Gale moved that the north half of lot last purchased from A. N. Ban- 
 croft, be held for sale at $900.00, and asked that the consideration of said motion 
 be postponed until after the board shall visit the jail. 
 
 Afternoon session. Mr. Ogden called up report of A. C. Clay, superintend- 
 ent of jail, and moved that the report be adopted and that order issue to Ira R, 
 Stevens, contractor, in accordance with the recommendation of report. ' I 
 
 Mr. Gale moved to amend by adding: 
 
 To be delivered upon the certificate of the superintendent, that the said 
 contractor has given him full satisfaction that all claims of laborers and sub- 
 contractors have been fully paid. 
 
 Amendment adopted, and motion as amended passed. | _ . ; 
 
 Mr. Gale moved that nine hundred dollars be appropriated subject to the 
 order of the superintendent, to be exf>ended in carrying out the other recom- 
 mendations of the report. Adopted. 
 
:- -^^^ i " HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY ^ . /^ 165 
 
 Mr. Gale moved that the chairman be authorized to receive deed from A. 
 N. Bancroft for lot purchased, and pay interest on purchase money until the 
 first day of February next, at which time payment shall be made for said lot. 
 : Carried. 
 
 ; Mr. Gale called up his motion, made this morning, in regard to the sale 
 : of the north end of Bancroft lot. ;'-''..;, :.;'.. 
 
 ; ' Mr. Swigart moved to amend by directing the chairman to sell and remove 
 the buildings on said lot, when 
 
 On motion of Mr. Gale, action was postjwned until the January meeting 
 . of the board. 
 
 ; :. On motion, the sheriff was directed to rent and collect rents of dwelling 
 . house on north end of said lot. ,:.-;- 
 
 : Mr. Gale offered the following resolution, which was adopted : 
 ' ' Resolved, That the jail building committee be directed to procure survey 
 and plan of drainage for the jail, and go on and contract the same in the mode 
 most satisfactory and economical to the county, unless the City of Galesburg 
 shall take immediate action for the drainage of Cherry street, on terms sat- 
 isfactory to the committee. 
 
 Mr. Gale offered the following resolution, which was adopted. '.-',-.- 
 ' Resolved, That the sheriff be directed to take possession of the jail, and 
 prepare the same for the use of the prisoners, but that no prisoners be removed 
 until the jail is in condition to receive them with safety to health, and sewerage 
 immediately necessary be provided ; and that supervisors Morse and Clay be 
 a committee to advise the sheriff as to when the jail can be inhabited with 
 safety. 
 
 January meeting, 1875. Mr. Clay, from jail building committee, made the 
 following report: 
 
 To the Honorable Board of Supervisors: '^i-^ ^.'r-:''.'''^f'.''':-- '. ::/> '" 
 
 Since the last meeting of the board, the contractor of the jail has com- 
 pleted the cistern and made the necessary connections. I accepted it and made 
 an order on the county clerk for balance due him on the jail contract, viz: 
 $500, taking his receipt in full. 
 
 : I have paid out of fund appropriated for fencing, grading, etc., $782.60, 
 ; as follows: . , ; .5- 
 
 . Paid Mr. McMakin for lo mattresses, each $2.00 .,.....;.....$ 20.00 
 
 Paid Stevens & Parry for fencing etc., as per bill attached 697.73 
 
 Paid Monmouth M. & M. Co., for 2,500 paving brick 50.00 
 
 Paid C. B. & Q. Railroad for freight on brick from Monmouth 14-85 
 
 And there remains a small bill for hauling brick from depot, which has 
 : not been presented for payment. 
 
 '.' > I would also report that I sold the house on rear end of jail lot for $40.00, 
 the best price I could get. 
 
 I would further report that the jail building committee were unable to make 
 
 any arrangement with the City of Galesburg about the drainage for the jail. 
 
 The committee then procured plans and estimates for sewerage for the 
 
 jail of Mr. Churchill, city engineer, and let the contract for building the sewer 
 
 - to Parry & Stevens at engineer's estimate. I would recommend that provision 
 
 
166 . HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY V ;;. ; 
 
 be made for their payment, amounting to $1,412.77, and interest from Nov. 
 1st, 1874 at ten per cent, v ';/'-;;/:; .-'''[.. ^/ 
 
 .All of which is respectfully submitted. . . .- . 
 
 A. C. CLAY. 
 
 On motion the rep>ort was approved, and it was ordered that balance of ap- 
 propriation be cancelled. 
 
 On motion of Mr. Gale the clerk was directed to issue an order in favot 
 
 of Parry & Stevens, in payment for sewerage contract, payable March ist, 
 1875, for the sum of $1,412.77, with interest at ten per cent for four months, 
 amounting to $1,459.87. 
 
 Mr. Sanderson moved that the sum of $600, being at the rate of $ioo per 
 month, be allowed and paid to A. C. Clay, as superintendent in building county 
 jail. 
 
 Mr. Gale moved to amend by allowing Mr. Clay supervisor's per diem and 
 mileage for i6o days' service. After some discussion Mr. Sanderson offered 
 the following substitute: 
 
 Resolved, That the sum of $3.12^^ per day for i6o days be allowed and 
 paid to A. C. Clay, superintendent of jail building; and that the further sum 
 of $ioo, advanced by Mr. Clay to obtain possession of jail lot be refunded to 
 him; and that in payment the clerk issue order to A. C. Clay for the sum 
 of $500 for services, and an order for $ioo for money advanced. . 
 
 Substitute carried and adopted. 
 
 September meeting, 1883. In behalf of the jail committee, Mr. May made 
 a verbal rep>ort on the question of heating the jail and repairing the roof. He 
 said the present system of heating is by hot air, and under ordinary circum- 
 
 stances will answer well enough so far as the prison department is concerned, 
 . but in very cold weather it is difficult to get up sufficient heat to make the 
 
 prisoners comfortable and the furnaces have to be run so hard that they re- 
 quire frequent and expensive repairs. To fit the furnace for use this winter 
 will require an outlay of at least $300. But the great objection to the present 
 system of heating consists in the fact that the cells in which the insane are 
 
 necessarily kept, when confined in jail, are heated by stoves, thus entailing the 
 great risk of the loss of the jail by fire. Your committee find that on several 
 occasions stoves have been taken to pieces or knocked down by insane pa- 
 tients temporarily confined in the jail. Your committee has investigated the 
 
 . question of steam-heating and they are of the opinion that the jail can be 
 better warmed, at a less expense and with absolute safety by the use of steam. 
 ; We present to the board several propositions ranging in price from $725 to $975, 
 and regarding it a less expensive and at the same time a more efficient system, 
 y and removing as it does the danger of fire alluded to, we recommend the substi- 
 tution of steam heating for the present one. We also recommend that the jail 
 roof be painted and such little repairs made as may be necessary. 
 
 On motion of Mr. Gale the report of the committee was accepted and its 
 recommendations concurred in, and the chairman of the board and the chairman 
 of the jail committee were authorized to contract for the change on the most 
 advantageous terms possible. 
 
 January meeting, 1884. Mr. May, of the special committee on heating the 
 jail, read the following report: 
 
'^':Ci''^ -r HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY " x v > 167 
 
 To the Honorable Board of Supervisors of Knox County: 
 
 The undersigned, to whom at the last session of this board the matter of 
 heating the county jail by a steam heating apparatus was referred, with power 
 to act, beg leave to report that they immediately entered upon the duties 
 devolved upon them; that having had several conferences with the managers 
 of the Haxton Steam Heating Company, of Kewanee, 111., they were able 
 to make a contract with them to place their apparatus in the jail building 
 for heating the same with steam, which contract accompanies this report. 
 We further report that we watched the work of introducing the apparatus 
 into the building as it progressed and becoming convinced that it would be 
 to the advantage of the county to have the apparatus extended so as to heat 
 the entire building, we authorized such enlargement of the contract, and we 
 report that in our opinion the entire building is now adequately supplied with 
 steam heating apparatus well adapted to that purpose. We submit our doings 
 aforesaid, together with the bill of $905.84, submitted by the contractors 
 aforesaid, and ask that they be approved and the said bill allowed. 
 
 All of which is respectfully submitted. . ; : .. .. 
 
 " . //>:'' s. w. MAY, ^'''-^^.::^^- 
 
 ' ' >VV^;-mx---.^^': T. J. HALE, ' -"'^;^;';^ 
 
 .\-il^-'' " . ^ Special Committee. '^.- 
 
 On motion of Mr. Greenleaf the foregoing report was adopted and its 
 recommendations concurred in, and the clerk directed to issue orders therefor. 
 
 ::^ / ; - :: THE CARE OF PETTY CRIMINALS ;.;;>: -vvi '.':-:;: 
 
 In 1883 the agitation began for the employment of such petty criminals, as 
 may be convicted of a crime involving a fine or a fine and jail sentence, in 
 some work for the purpose of making collection of the fine and relieving the 
 prisoners of the monotony and evil effects of languishing in jail. The jail 
 has long and justly been considered as a primary school to the penitentiary 
 and therefore a very damaging judgment to be pronounced against a young 
 or first offender. The seeming better opinion has been held for many years 
 that such offenders should be set to work and even allowed some compensation 
 therefor. 
 
 At that time Mr. Robert Mathews introduced the following resolution: -^ 
 
 Adjourned meeting August 6, 1883. Resolved, That the judiciary com- 
 mittee be directed to confer with the authorities of the city of Galesburg and 
 report at the next meeting of this board the feasibility and probable cost of 
 some method by which persons convicted of crime and sentenced to the county 
 jail by the proper authorities can be made to work out such fines under proper 
 restraint and direction. 
 
 The record does not show that anything was done pursuant to the passage 
 of this resolution. ': \ :^:' .-':%'-' 
 
 At the December meeting of the board 1892 Mr. L. A. Lawrence of Yates 
 City introduced the following resolution which was adopted. 
 
 December, 1892. Mr. Chairman and Gentlemen of the Board of Super- 
 
168 ; HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY 
 
 visors: In view of the great expense of our county in maintaining so 
 many petty criminals in idleness who are sentenced to various terms of im- 
 prisonment in our county jail by police, justice and other courts, and believing 
 that a well planned and directed work house or house of correction would re- 
 duce such expense to a minimum point or overcome it altogether. Therefore, 
 Rcsohcd, That the chairman of this board appoint a committee of throe 
 members to examine into the workings of such institutions in other counties 
 and report at the next regular meeting of this board upon the advisability 
 of introducing such an institution into our county. 
 
 In conformity with the foregoing the chairman appointed Messrs. Law- 
 rence, Gale and Robson as such committee. 7. -j , \ 
 
 March, 1893. Mr. Lawrence, of the special committee, appointed at the 
 December meeting of this board to examine into the workings of houses of 
 correction as operated in other counties, read the following report : 
 Mr. Chairman and Gentlemen of the Board of Supervisors of Knox County: 
 
 We, the undersigned, committee appointed at the last regular meeting to 
 examine into the workings of houses of correction as operated in other coun- 
 ties with a view of introducing a similar system into this county if found to 
 be practical and advisable, would respectfully report as follows: .' I r/^. 
 
 We have visited the house of correction at Peoria, which was organized 
 and is operated wholly by the city of Peoria, and from statements made by 
 the superintendent of that institution, covering its workings for a period 
 of thirteen years and from our own observation, we are of the opinion that 
 such an institution is both practical and advisable for the following reasons, viz : 
 
 1st. The criminal and vagrant class, or those who prey upon the com- 
 munity at large, are inclined to shun those communities where houses of cor- 
 rection or work houses are located. i . ' ' '. 
 
 2nd. We believe that a criminal while held in custody in default of pay- 
 ment of fine for misdemeanors committed, is better situated both for himself 
 and the public at large if compelled to labor at some useful employment than 
 if permitted to lie in idleness especially if he is to be associated with others 
 of a similar class, for they will then be more than likely engaged in schemes 
 and plans for further and more to be dreaded criminal conduct. 
 
 3rd. W'e believe that a criminal compelled to labor while deprived of his 
 liberty on account of misdemeanors committed, will be more likely to seek 
 and engage in some honest employment after his liberation than he would do 
 were he permitted to remain in useless idleness during his detention. 
 
 4th. We believe there will be less eflFort made in trying to escape from 
 custody by those offenders who are kept busily at work than by those who 
 are simply watered, housed, fed and kept in comfortable idleness with plenty 
 of time at their disposal to plan deeper crimes and means of escape. j .; A 
 
 5th. We believe that a house of correction, well arranged and conducteid, 
 can be made almost if not quite self supporting, and thus relieve the tax 
 payers of the ever present burden of supporting a class of criminal and vagrant 
 idlers. ' --J^. ''^.-- '"' .;^' 
 
 In other words, we believe such an institution will be the means of en- 
 abling the thrifty part of the public to compel those who are ever a menace to 
 peace, order and prosperity, to pay with their own labor the penalty of their 
 misdeeds, while being at the same time reformatory in effects. ;'/]:''; 
 
;v^:|/. ::;:;;; HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY , --j^^- i69 
 
 But while we are persuaded in the above opinion we are not yet suf- 
 ; ficiently informed upon the question whether Knox county separate and apart 
 . from the incorporated towns in the county has a sufficient number of of- 
 '; fenders to deal with to justify the necessary outlay of money. If we may 
 
 - suppose that all the incorporated towns in the county including the city of 
 
 Galesburg, would be willing to contract with the county for the keeping of 
 ; their offenders during their various terms of imprisonment at a sufficient 
 
 sum per diem to cover cost of dieting, then we think the question practically 
 settled in favor of such an institution; we have not yet that information, 
 but in view of all the conditions of the case your committee would respect- 
 fully ask that its work of investigation be continued until the next regular 
 meeting with instructions to confer with the authorities of the city of Gales- 
 burg and the other incorporated towns in the county and ascertain, if possible, 
 whether said authorities will co-operate with Knox county in some plan as 
 above suggested to justify the county in the necessary outlay in erecting an 
 institution that promises a better means of handling their and our offenders 
 against the public peace and order, and also to ascertain and report upon the 
 approximate cost of erecting said institution. 
 
 '-vX''-v'-,v\^' ''".-'''."';':' ^>->:'v L. A. LAWRENCE, '^./;'^: ' 
 
 ;;.;-.;.-:':'-';?;.''''.! -^^ ''-.-' V ;'': ',;-::;/- ', /Vo/^ /.?-'^-: ^-^ ^- SELDEN GALE, V.:^,-' 
 WM. RoBSON, 
 
 On motion of Mr. Burkhalter, the foregoing report was adopted and its 
 recommendations concurred in. 
 
 September, 1893. Mr. Lawrence, of the committee on workhouse, sub- 
 mitted the following report: 
 To the Honorable Chairman and Gentlemen of the Board of Supervisors of 
 
 Knox County, Illinois: 
 
 We, the undersigned committee, to whom was referred the matter of a 
 continued investigation of the advisability of building a workhouse in Knox 
 county at the March meeting of 1893, respectfully report as follows, viz: On 
 June 29th last we addressed to the authorities of the several cities and villages 
 of Knox county the following circular letter as embodying the information 
 we then desired in the above matter, and asked a prompt reply to the same: 
 
 1st. Do you as the representatives of the village of believe 
 
 that a workhouse is a practical and advisable institution to be built in our 
 county? v-.,\:-/' ^'.- '..:/,;:'.;' /.:-'::':::.. 
 
 2nd. Would you, as the representatives of the people of the village of 
 
 , be willing to contract with the authorities of Knox county for 
 
 the keeping of as many of such offenders as may fall into your hands during 
 their several terms of imprisonment, as by law may be imposed, at an expense 
 to you of not more than thirty-five cents a day for their dieting and cost 
 of transportation to workhouse? 
 
 3rd. About how many committals per annum will you probably have, 
 judging from past experience, that would be subject to the workhouse, if one 
 were built? c '';. ^v' '':.'>- V 
 
 : The above questions can be very readily answered by a "yes" or "no" im--- 
 mediately following the first and second ones, and by the suggested number 
 following the third one, and when signed by the president and clerk of the 
 
170 
 
 HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY 
 
 village or city, will furnish the board a very substantial basis of action in 
 the matter of building a workhouse as proposed. I '... 
 
 By the committee: . , . v . . , L. A. LAWRENCE, Jrl : : 
 
 .' . '^ . --v... ''-.';/'"' '^' :''' W. SELDEN GALE. ''' ^-^ .:';/, 
 
 ',;.;. .::f-v...- > ^ - :-.;.. , - -^' .;V'.-\' WM. ROBSON. :-::-^"r'^:'-. 
 
 To that circular letter we have received replies from eight towns as 
 follows: : . . ,/^.:r;> .: / ,:..:; 
 
 Names of towns. . . Questions. v : ' ... Annual 
 
 '. "' y Commitments 
 
 : . . , .: . Commitments./;';;"^";,;;;'/; 
 
 1. Yates city Yes. Yes. .-' ; 6 to lo. 
 
 2. Maquon No. No. ' None. 
 
 -; ^-"- '''-''.- . 
 
 3. Abingdon No. No. : 6 to lo. 
 
 4. Wataga No. - - - . Indefinite. 
 
 5. Henderson No. Yes. ;f -^v 5. . ., 
 
 6. Galesburg Yes. Yes. ^ A: 567. , -> 
 
 7. Oneida No. No. ; .- 5. 
 
 8. Knoxville (not by Knox county) Yes. ' .; : 4O- 
 
 Total number reporting, 8. , - v! _ - 
 
 Victoria gives no answer. ; . . r! ^' , > !' 
 
 St. Augustine gives no answer. v - : ^'-'^'J \:.\:. -:,. : 
 
 'Altona gives no answer. :: - 'i-'^V ,- -'^^ 
 
 :; Number not reporting, 3. . v ;".. :V; \ ;\ '' 
 
 Total number of probable committals by the towns reporting, 623. 
 
 Number of committals by Knox county annually, estimated from sherifi 
 records (average sentence 30 days), 50. 
 -.;. Total number of probable committals per annum, 673. ' I ;-- r 
 
 From the above it would appear that we might expect an average of at 
 least ten persons per day under sentence and subject to work house labor, with 
 the probability of an increase in the number in proportion to the increase of 
 population and business interests. A majority of the towns of our county do 
 not report favorably upon the proposition to build a workhouse, yet we feel 
 assured that such an institution is practical and needed, and will be appreciated 
 when better understood. 
 
 .Two plans present themselves, for carrying into effect the proposed work if 
 favored by this body, viz : To purchase land having a dep>osit of clay suitable 
 for brick making, and then erect buildings adapted to the safe-keeping and 
 working of those subject to such penalty; or, second, to erect suitable build- 
 ings in our present jail yard to the carrying on of such mechanical work as 
 may be best adapted to our times and circumstances, whereby all offenders that 
 may be subject thereto can be usefully employed ; and, in order to further 
 develop the matter, we most respectfully recommend that the above plans be 
 investigated by a committee to be named by the honorable chairman, and that 
 the probable cost of site and buildings in each case be estimated and reported 
 at the regular meeting of the board or as soon thereafter as practicable. 
 
 By the committee : ' 
 
 , L. A. LAWRENCE, W. SELDEN, GALE, j ^i 
 
>:::\;:^,r HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY ; -\- V:,, 171 
 
 Mr. McCrea moved that the report be accepted and adopted, the roll being 
 called on Mr. McCrea's motion as follows: '.-. ' '' 
 
 ', Yeas Messrs. Gale, Boydstun, Burkhalter, Nelson, Stanton, Humphrey, 
 Pickrel, Lawrence, Pitman, McCrea and Emery, ii. 
 
 Nays Messrs. Byram, Latimer, Felt, Sisson, Reece, Simpson, Smith, Steph- 
 enson, Bearmore, Young, Becker, Hubbell and Seward. 13. Lost. 
 
 When on motion of Mr. McCrea the foregoing report was accepted and 
 said committee discharged. 
 
 After two such excellent and comprehensive rejxjrts on this subject, it seems 
 strange that it would be so unceremoniously dropped. However, at the Sep- 
 tember meeting, 1904, it was brought up again by the presentation of the fol- 
 lowing petition: ...,;:'.. :; V '-' " -i^: ' ^=. 
 
 ^^ V ?:- (^'y PETITION FOR WORKHOUSE v : ' '' '^' v 
 
 September meeting, 1904. To the Honorable Board of Supervisors of 
 Knox County, III. Gentlemen: We, the undersigned voters and tax payers 
 of Salem and Elba townships in said county, hereby petition that prompt steps 
 be taken by you for the organization and construction of a workhouse in Knox 
 county, Illinois, whereby those who are found guilty of committing any of the 
 misdemeanors enumerated in the laws, ordinances or statutes of the munici- 
 palities of our county or of the state at large may be compelled by their labor 
 to defray the expense of their keeping while under sentence as provided in the 
 criminal code of the statute of Illinois. 
 
 We believe that such a provision will have a tendency to lessen the number . 
 of misdemeanors committed and reduce the expense of the county in connection 
 with the same. 
 
 Said petitions being signed by one hundred forty-six residents of Salem 
 township and nine residents of Elba township. 
 
 On motion of Mr. Me Williams the above p>etitions were made a special 
 order of business for Thursday at 10:30 o'clock A. M. 
 
 Thursday morning. The hour of 10:30 having arrived, on motion of Mr. 
 Sawyer, the matter relating to the petition for a workhouse for Knox county 
 was referred to the police committee with instructions to report at the next 
 regular meeting of this board. 
 
 Nothing was done and four years went by before anything further appears 
 on the subject, 
 i At the December meeting, 1908, the following appears of record: 
 
 December, 1908. Mr. Barlow read the following report of the special 
 committee on the employment of prisoners, and moved its adoption : 
 
 ''.-:' GALESBURG, 111., November 28, 1908. 
 
 To the Honorable Chairman and members of the Board of Supervisors of the 
 
 County of Knox and State of Illinois: 
 
 GENTLEMEN The Committee apf>ointed by your honorable body to confer 
 with a like committee to be appointed by the honorable mayor and city council ' 
 of the city of Galesburg, beg leave to submit the following report: 
 
 Your committee, together with the committee appointed by the city council, 
 met on the evening of November 28th, 1908, and after thoroughly discussing 
 
172 HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY 
 
 '- the question of finding employment for persons held in custody both at the 
 county jail and city prison, we the undersigned committee, would respectfully 
 recommend that the county and city join together in securing a suitable place 
 for a rock pile, whereon those persons held in custody could be made to work. 
 
 - And the product from such labor be used to improve the streets and roads 
 '"'",. within the city and county. K\ - s.\;; .- /;../ ;j- .? :: 
 
 Signed by the committee. .7*'-; 
 
 ' , AMES A. BARLOW, C. A. PALMGREN, ' ' 
 1 'X -^ . ;; S. M. WHITING, J. P. MCDERMOTT, 
 
 '-'-''- :.-''.;^:;>--^'- ''.:,." O.J.JOHNSON. .-.l-^:-' :"/;'.- 
 
 Mr. Robson offered as a substitute to the motion of adoption of the report 
 that the consideration thereon be deferred until 1 130 P. M., which was adopted. 
 On motion of Mr. McWilliams the board adjourned until i :3o P. M. 
 The hour for consideration of the report of the special committee on the 
 employment of prisoners, on motion of Mr. Barlow, said report was adopted. 
 . employment of prisoners having arrived, on motion of Mr. Barlow, said report 
 was adopted. 
 
 On motion of Mr. Hoxworth the special committee on employment of prison- 
 : ers was continued and directed to report at the next meeting the plan and 
 probable expense to the county to carry out the plan proposed. 
 
 It seems that a motion to ascertain the cost of any proposed improvement 
 of this kind was sufficient to postpone action indefinitely. However, at the 
 December meeting 1910 Mr. Barlow brought up the question again in such a 
 way that results were finally obtained. 
 
 December, 1910. Mr. Barlow brought up the question of a rock pile or a 
 
 workhouse for the prisoners in the county jail, and offered a motion that the 
 
 chair appoint a new committee of three members of the board to confer with 
 
 ; the city authorities of the city of Galesburg on the question of preparing a 
 
 ^ place for working the prisoners in the county jail. 
 
 The time having arrived which was set for the special order of business the 
 '': resolution presented by the special committee was read, and on motion of Mr. 
 Robson, was adopted. 
 
 The chairman then announced that he would appoint Messrs. Barlow, Burn- 
 
 . side and Whiting as members of the committee to confer with the city authorities 
 
 of the city of Galesburg on the matter of the employment of the prisoners 
 
 in the county jail in some suitable place. ,; v i ;' ' . 
 
 ; March, 1911. Mr. Barlow, of the special committee on employment of 
 
 prisoners, presented the following report, which on motion of Mr. Clark, was 
 
 adopted and its recommendation concurred in: 
 
 . . GALESBURG, 111., March 22, 1911. 
 
 .. To the Honorable Board of Supervisors: 
 
 GENTLEMEN Your committee, to whom was referred the matter of seciir- 
 ; ing a suitable place wherein the convicts held in our county jail from time to 
 V time might be required to crack rock or perform other kinds of manual labor, 
 wish to make the following report: 
 
 We had a meeting with the chairman of the committee appointed by the city 
 council to co-operate with us on the above proposition, and we find that they 
 are quite anxious to take hold with us and help to secure a suitable place for 
 
^;v; ^; ( : r. HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY 173 
 
 same. Therefore your committee would recommend that they be given power 
 to get options on what they consider to be suitable property, acting jointly with 
 the committee appointed by the city council with a view of each, the county and 
 city, bearing one-half the expense incurred in procuring such a site and improve- 
 ment of same, and report their findings at the April meeting of said Board. 
 
 ;'.--vvV: ^ / ;;.^: . ;. RespectfuIIy submitted, ..:>;. v . 
 
 /:";':.'-. ^i ;' -;';:'^;;;.._. -^^_:/:,..-^. Signed: AMES A. BARLOW, . :^V' 
 
 "'' V-'' Y ;-^T..''-\ ''.''^/x.i^.';^./.^/^,, .,.:,....-..:., S. M. WHITING, '':{: 
 
 v; .. ' -'..^^/'' - ' ' ''; ''''.':i^.i ':'. V^^,;^- '',:-''.''' ^'' ' '' T. E. BURNSIDE, :' . 
 
 .'':;.-..'.'.;..=> :'. .y>.V.:.v, ^y,:~ -'"'; ,^'. ,;.''.' Committee. ''.'.. 
 
 September, 1911. The following report of the special committee on work- 
 house was presented and read, which, upon motion of Mr. Robson, was ap- 
 proved and its recommendations concurred in : 
 To the Honorable Chairman and Gentleman of the Board of Supervisors: 
 
 ; Your special committee appointed by this board to confer with authorities 
 of the city of Galesburg in regard to the matter of the establishing of a work- . 
 house, beg leave to report that in conjunction with a committee appointed by 
 the city council of the city of Galesburg purchased a parcel of ground described 
 as the west four rods of lots one (i) and two (2) in the subdivision of 
 original lot one (i) in block forty-five (45) in the city of Galesburg, Knox 
 county, Illinois, said tract or lot being adjacent to the property on which the 
 county jail is located, for the sum of three thousand dollars ($3000.00), one- 
 half of which purchase price is to be paid by Knox county. The deed for said 
 property has been executed and delivered and has, by your joint committee, 
 been placed in the custody and keeping of the city clerk of the city of Gales- 
 burg. Your committee would further report that they have entered into a 
 joint agreement with the committee of the city council of the city of Gales- - 
 burg, placing the control and management of the premises above referred to 
 for rental purposes in the hands of Frank F. Seaman, sheriff, or his successors 
 in office, which said agreement is presented with this report and we recommend 
 that it appear herewith in the record of the proceedings of this board. 
 
 ' Your committee would recommend that their action as above reported, be 
 approved by this board, and we would further recommend that the sum of 
 fifteen hundred dollars ($1500.00) be included on the county tax levy for the 
 purpose of payment of the portion of the purchase price of said workhouse 
 premises to be borne by the county. 
 
 : We would further recommend that the county clerk be authorized to issue a 
 county clerk's order for the sum of fifteen hundred and twenty-seven dollars, 
 payable to the undersigned members of the special committee, in payment of 
 the note for the money advanced for the purchase price of said workhouse lot, 
 which was signed by your committee, together with the interest due on said note 
 to this date. 
 
 We would further recommend that the sum of two hundred fifty ($250.00) 
 dollars also be included in the county tax levy for the purpose of making the 
 necessary improvements on said premises. .' ' 
 
 All of which is respectfully submitted. T, E. BURNSIDE, 
 
 '..;>,. -..:,.-.-..-:......-...... ..-.,- v. , ,. / ^ W. H. PANKEY, 
 
 ' ^'' '-'- -- '' '-*"--'' 
 
174 HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY .: ;^ 
 
 ' . ' -.-.--.y-- 
 
 . ' THIS AGREEMENT made and entered into this 24th day of June, A. D. 1911, 
 by and between the county of Knox, party of the first part, and the city of 
 Galesburg, Illinois, party of the second part, 
 
 IVitncsscth: That it is mutually agreed by and between the parties hereto, 
 each being an owner in common of an undivided one-half (J/^) interest in the 
 west four (4) rods of Lots one (i) and two (2) in the subdivision of original 
 Lot one (i) in Block forty-five (45) in the city of Galesburg, Knox county, 
 Illinois, that the control and management of said premises, for rental purposes 
 shall be placed in the hands of F. F. Seaman, sheriff, or his successor in office 
 and that the said F. F. Seaman or his successor, shall be and is hereby empoweretl 
 as agent of both parties hereto to execute and sign all the necessary papers 
 or instruments incident to the leasing said premises, and is empowered to sign 
 same and when so signed such papers shall have the same force and virtue 
 as though signed by the parties hereto; but this authority shall not extend 
 to the making of deeds or incumbrances against said land or the execution of 
 instruments for such purposes; and the said F. F. Seaman or his successor 
 is hereby authorized and employed to collect all rents and profits from said 
 property and to apply the same to the proper care and maintenance of said 
 premises and any sums remaining in his hands after such expenses shall at the 
 end of each six months be paid over by him, one-half to each of the parties 
 hereto, at the same time rendering to each of said parties an itemized statement 
 of the receipts and expenditures by him as such agent. 
 
 . Witness our hands and seals the day and year first above written. Two 
 pages, executed in duplicate. . ,, 
 
 COUNTY OF KNOX, IN THE STATE OF ILLINOIS 
 
 '-'':'{ By T. E. BuRNsiDE, -^-v . (SEAL) 
 
 .. . , A. I. SARGENT, ^ . ,. -v . v (SEAL) 
 
 . ; ! and W. H. PANKEY. v: - (SEAL) 
 
 . ' CITY OF GALESBURG, ILLINOIS . / . , 
 
 V ' By J. F. GRETTA, . ^ (SEAL) 
 
 and H. O. CHAMBERS. . - -'.';. >':;;', ; (SEAL) 
 
 Mr. Robson offered a motion, which prevailed, that the present special 
 committee on workhouse be retained with power to carry out the recommenda- 
 tions contained in their report. 
 
 December, 1911. Mr. Burnside of the special committee on workhouse pre- 
 sented the following report, which was read, and on motion of Mr. Robson 
 was accepted by the board and its recommendations concurred in: , . 
 
 To the Honorable Board of Superz-isors of Knox County, Illinois: 
 
 GENTLEMEN : Your special committee appointed by the board of supervisors 
 on jail yard beg leave to submit the following report: C. x J j; ; ' 
 
 Together with the special committee of the city council of the city of Gales- 
 burg we have improved said property by placing a new fence and shed on 
 jail yard, and also by making some needed repairs on the house. Since acquir- 
 ing title and improving said property there has been a legal question raised 
 as to the sentencing of prisoners to labor. We have requested the state's 
 attorney to furnish a resolution in relation to the matter, which is herewith 
 attached. 
 
 We also beg leave to submit bills incurred in the improvement of said 
 
..V;'; HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY V;/ 176 
 
 property owned jointly by Knox county and the city of Galesburg, amounting 
 to $422.93, of which said amount Knox county is to pay one-half, to-wit, $211.47, r' 
 which your committee recommended be allowed and the clerk be directed to 
 issue an order to Frank F. Seaman, sheriff, for the purpose of paying Knox 
 county's share of said expense. ' ' . .- 
 
 -^--;.-:.v'\'. ..-v^;;.;.. f;;v'' ':;.^\:;;:_,,:^;:/.^;;;;U:;^^;/-.;:;V ^-' T. E. BuRNSiDE, .-v; 
 
 /'>"-'-'^v",- ^-''-"' ':-^(''.--^-^---:^^'^^^^^^ W. H. PANKEY, :;,:.';. 
 
 .'/'' "'"' - v^..---^ :;--.-;..' -^ - -^- A.I.SARGENT. "' 
 
 The following communication and resolution presented with and referred 
 to in the foregoing report of the special committee on workhouse, were also 
 read, whereupon on motion of Mr. DuVon the resolution as submitted was 
 adopted : 
 
 '^ "- / ' GALESBURG, 111., December i3th, 1911. 1, 
 Mr. Burnside, Supervisor: r / V , . /: 
 
 DEAR SIR: Pursuant to your request to draft a resolution providing that-'/ 
 the prisoners confined in the county jail be required to labor for the benefit s 
 of the county during the term of their imprisonment in the jail yard provided '', 
 for that purpose by the county board, I have drafted the following resolution. 
 
 The question is involved in considerable doubt, and the various provisions 
 of the statute are somewhat conflicting in regard thereto, and in the absence , 
 of a judicial decision on that particular question, I have used as nearly as ' 
 possible the language of the statute in the resolution. I do not, in submitting 
 the resolution, desire to be understood officially as stating that it will be upheld 
 by the courts upon a test, but that it is merely drawn at your request in com- 
 pliance, as nearly as may be, with the present arrangement that the board has 
 provided, regarding the employment of prisoners. 
 ';:::";:-. ' '\.'\ Respectfully submitted, 
 
 A. J. BOUTELLE, 
 
 State's Attorney, 
 ' Beit ^^ ^-" - ^^. -'-'- ''-^''^"--^'-'^'=^- 
 
 Resolved, by the board of supervisors of Knox county, Illinois, That any 
 person convicted in any court of this state, in Knox county, Illinois, having juris- 
 diction, of a crime or misdemeanor, the punishment of which is confinement 
 in the county jail, may be sentenced by the court, in which such conviction is 
 had, to labor for the benefit of the county during the term of such imprison- 
 ment, in the jail yard of the Knox county jail, provided for that purpose by 
 the said Knox county board of supervisors. 
 
 Mr. Pankey thereupon offered a motion that F. F. Seaman, sheriff, be 
 authorized and directed to turn over the county's portion, being one-half, of 
 the rent money received for the house at the jail yard, which portion amounts 
 to $22.50, into the county treasury, which motion prevailed. -^^ ..:....; 
 
 -; '^; : : M ALMSHOUSE AND POOR-FARM. v .; ' ;i ^- :" 
 
 There is nothing more interesting to the people of a county than the con- 
 struction of its public buildings. It is so natural for people to criticise a 
 
176 HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY ; , - ^:; / 
 
 - 'I- ..' ~- :::\- t 
 
 building that they begin to do it from the time the grade and marking stakes 
 are drawn and keep it up until it is completed. This is true even of private 
 residences and it is especially true of public buildings after the wants of the 
 county are such as to demand imposing and costly structures. ! ''- 
 
 In connection with the building of an almshouse and the purchase and 
 support of a poor-farm, another question arises which involves the policy of 
 how best to care for the poor. It would seem that such aid must be rendered 
 in one of three ways. First, if the family has a small home, to give such 
 family a little aid to supplement such partial support as may be obtained 
 from the home place; second, if the person or family is entirely destitute they 
 must be farmed out so to speak to the lowest bidder in the township where 
 they reside and the expense borne by the township; or, third, the destitute 
 persons must be sent to county almshouse and poor-farm. All three of these 
 plans may be pursued, to a certain extent, at the same time. A person at the 
 almshouse is openly a charge upon the county, which fact is very humiliating 
 to a proud person, and such person will remain in his home town until absolutely 
 compelled to join the great army of the poor. From the organization of the 
 county, in 1830, to the adoption of township organization, in 1853, the county 
 commissioners were voting money out of county funds for the support of the 
 poor. Numerous instances appear of record where the poor person was 
 farmed out to the lowest bidder for some definite time. Upon the adoption 
 of township organization each township had a representative in the county board 
 and the question became at once a pertinent one, "What can this representative 
 do for the care of the poor in his own township?" 
 
 Probably the real question of how best to care for the poor came up for 
 the first time for discussion immediately after the adoption of township organiza- 
 tion. Is it better to have a good, comfortable poorhouse, supplied with every 
 convenience for making the poor comfortable and somewhat happy, or shall 
 we continue the old practice of farming them out to be kept by the man who 
 would do it the cheapest and furnish food and care according to the price. 
 From the immediate steps taken by the board looking to the establishment of 
 a poorhouse and farm it is reasonable to suppose that the old idea that you 
 must make the lot of the poor as hard as possible to avoid all inducements 
 to the people to become paupers was passing away. The conflict of these two 
 policies will be noticed pretty much all the way through by a study of the 
 resolutions offered. 
 
 The first steps taken toward the erection of a poorhouse was the appoint- 
 ment of a committee at the December meeting, 1853, of the board of super- 
 visors, when the following motion, offered by W. Selden Gale, was passed: 
 
 On motion of W. Selden Gale it was voted that a committee of three be 
 appointed to make the necessary inquiries in regard to the propriety of purchas- 
 ing a farm for the purpose of a county poorhouse and the expense of maintain- 
 ing paupers on any plan, and to get all the information that they can obtain 
 in the matter and report to the next meeting of this board. W. Selden Gale, 
 Peter Frans and William M. Clark were appointed said committee. 
 
 The following motions were passed for the purpose of obtaining information 
 as to the cost of the care of paupers in the county of Knox for the benefit 
 of the committee above provided for. ; -, . ' vV '.::-,:: '. 
 
' V; f- - HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY 177 
 
 , Moved by William M. Clark and seconded by George W. Manley that the 
 overseers of the poor be directed to advertise by putting up three written notices 
 ten days in their respective towns that they will let the keeping of the town 
 paupers to the lowest responsible bidder, provided the bid be satisfactory to 
 the overseer. Provided further, that the pauper may be removed at the dis- 
 cretion of the overseer. ;-v>- ;:; - ; .. .: -. -: ,. 
 
 On motion it is 
 
 ORDERED: That the clerk make out the expense of keeping the county paupers 
 for the last 4 years for the committee appointed to inquire into the pauper 
 matters yesterday, - 
 
 ORDERED: That the clerk issue an order on the 'treasury in favor of James 
 Bunce for three dollars for medical attendance rendered a Swede woman, a 
 pauper in the town of Galesburg. 
 
 - It has been a custom of the commissioners of the County court for years 
 prior to this time to advertise in this manner for the lowest bidder for keeping 
 the poor people of the county, and the custom was so common that nothing 
 was thought of it. It would seem that a little reflection upon the subject would 
 convince any one that the lowest bidder plan was the best plan by which a 
 poor person could be cared for and made most uncomfortable of all, yet public 
 work and public policy seems to dictate that way of letting contracts. How- 
 ever, if people are driven to offer and perform duties of that kind at the lowest 
 possible cost, they will generally get even by making the provisions and care 
 as cheap as possible. - 
 
 The committee on poorhouse were again instructed at the May meeting, 
 1855, to look further into the matter to ascertain a favorable place to pur- 
 chase land and the best plans for a building. 
 '::' On motion it is : ^- .-:^H.:;r, -^::v-^^v^;^ 
 
 ORDERED: That a committee of three be appointed to ascertain where is 
 best to purchase land for a poorhouse and the best plan of building and the 
 probable and best means of paying for the same and report to this board at 
 their September annual meeting. Committee on the above, .: ' ;. v 
 : : -;;/',,>:; . ; ; .-'^ /;';,>.-.;:'-.' ':^~--' '-;'-^.v--;"'.- ;-/ GEORGE A. CHARLES, vv, 
 
 :'.,:-. ..W'/ '' //' ' . .V-';^-;-"-^'" v'. ';'' '<'';> 'j- "^;.;'"\."i: THOMAS GILBERT, ^f:>'' 
 
 \ ' '" '' '' '' ' ' THOMAS B. Ross. 
 
 :- The further action of the board at the September meeting was taken in 
 the passage of the following resolution: ^ .--. 
 
 Resolved, That George A. Charles, Thomas Gilbert and T. J. Hale be 
 appointed a committee with authority to purchase the W. ^ of the SW. y^ oi 
 Section 21, Township Eleven north of Range 2 east, for the sum of three 
 thousand dollars, for a county farm, upon such terms as may be agreed upon 
 between the owner, T. J. Bestor, and said committee, or some other farm which 
 to them shall seem best, in a sum not exceeding four thousand dollars. 
 
 On January i6th, 1856, at a meeting of the board the following action 
 was taken in regard to the poor-farm. 
 
 ORDERED: That George A. Charles, Thomas Gilbert and R. W. Miles be 
 appointed a committee to take charge of the poor-farm and they are authorized 
 to take full charge of the same and to rent it on such terms as to them shall 
 seem best for the interests of the county and the poor. 
 
 ,' . ToLI U ..,;^ : :. .-.-...- .... . .:. -; -...-:---,>-- 
 
178 HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY ^ 
 
 The farm was paid for the same day. , ^- ; . : -/ 
 
 ORDERED: That the clerk issue an order on the treasury to the committee 
 on the poor-farm for the sum of three thousand dollars, to be applied to the 
 payment of said farm and they are authorized to pay for the same and 
 receive a deed therefor in accordance with the contract for the purchase of 
 the same. 
 
 May Special Meeting, 1856. Resolved, That George A. Charles be ap- 
 pointed superintendent of the county farm with authority to make such con- 
 tracts from time to time as to him shall seem most for the interests of 
 the county and the welfare of the paupers, to make suitable repairs and neces- 
 sary improvements and to employ any such assistance or medical services as 
 may be necessary, and make report to this board from time to time. 
 
 January Special Meeting, 1857. Rental of the poor-farm. ':...' I. . 
 
 ON MOTION it is ordered that the county poor-farm be rented to Henry G. 
 Colgin for the term of one year from the ist day of April next at the sum 
 of two hundred dollars the said Colgin to take charge of and keep all the 
 paupers of the county at the sum of two dollars per week, furnishing all nec- 
 essary provisions and doing all washing for said paupers. -;![.'.. 
 
 Poor- Farm for 1858. January, 1858. Resolved, That George A. Charles, 
 W. S. Gale and J. M. Holyoke be appointed a committee to hire a superintend- 
 ent of the poor-farm for the coming year and that they be allowed to procure 
 stock and farming tools to cultivate said farm and make such other arrange- 
 ments as they may deem best, and report to the next meeting of the board. 
 
 Rule for care of paupers. Resolved, That all paupers should be brought to 
 the poor-farm, except in such cases as the removal is inexpedient or improper, 
 and that in all cases of bills presented to this board by overseers of the poor 
 for relief, they be expected to give reasons for their non-removal to the poor- 
 house. 
 
 May, 1858. Resolution on poor-farm offered by Supervisor Charles. ' 
 
 Resolved, That this board deem it inexpedient for the county to any 
 longer support the paupers under the system now in practice, and ,; | : 
 
 Resolved, That each town hereafter support its own paupers, and further 
 
 Resolved, That the clerk cause a notice to be published in the newspapers 
 of Knoxville and Galesburg, of a public sale of the county poor-farm, to take 
 place on the second day of the next September term of this board, said sale to 
 be made for one-third cash in hand, the balance in one and two years, possession 
 given the first of April next, and further 
 
 Resolved, That the paupers that are at the said farm on the said first day 
 of April next, be taken to the respective towns from which they came, and 
 be supported by said towns respectively. . i .; 
 
 \\'hich resolution, on motion of Supervisor Miles, was laid over for further 
 consideration until tomorrow. 
 
 May, 1858. Supervisor Charles called up resolution in relation to sale 
 of poor-farm when Supervisor Gale made a motion to postpone action until 
 September meeting, to which Supervisor Miles offered an amendment that 
 action be indefinitely postponed, which amendment was adopted. 
 
 January, 1859. Supervisor Nelson presented the following resolution: 
 
 Resolved, That the board of supervisors of Knox county deem it necessary 
 
^- v,;C' V >.; v^:^ HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY vA < V 
 
 to dispose of Knox county poor-farm, and that there be a committee appointed 
 by the present board of supervisors to make the necessary preparations to dis- 
 pose of said farm, and that the proceeds of the said farm be placed in trie 
 county treasury; and futhermore, in pursuance of "An act passed by the legis- 
 lature of the State of Illinois during its session of the year 1857" that each 
 town of the said county of Knox, make provisions to cancel all demands that 
 may arise in case of paupers residing in the same, and that after the ist day of 
 April next, every pauper on said farm shall be removed to the town from 
 whence they came. 
 ' Resolution laid on the table. ..i.";^. :^"- ^;^-- --"A 'I--: 
 
 Supervisor Nelson then offered the following resolution as a substitute for 
 the one presented by him yesterday and which was laid on the table: 
 
 Resolved, That the respective towns in the county of Knox be required to 
 support the paupers residing in the same in accordance with an act provided by 
 the legislature of the state of Illinois for the counties of Ogle and Knox, ap- 
 proved February i6th, 1857, and that the paupers that may be at the poor- 
 farm on the first day of April, 1859, shall be sent to the towns from whence 
 they came at the expense of the county ; and that a committee be appointed 
 by the chairman of the board of supervisors to have charge and the leasing 
 of said poor-farm, for the next year, from the first day of April next, and 
 that the rent of said farm shall be paid in cash at such rates fixed by said 
 committee, and the same when collected be paid into the treasury of the county 
 to be used for county purposes, and furthermore, that Rufus W. Miles, our 
 representative in the legislature, is hereby requested by the board of supervisors 
 of Knox county to take the steps to repeal said act "Approved February i6th, 
 1857." 
 
 Supervisor Gale moved that action on resolution be referred until board 
 gets through with other business. Lost. 
 
 Supervisor Gale moved that the whole subject be deferred to a committee 
 to report at next meeting of the board, all information of expenses of paupers 
 outside and in county poorhouse, and the expense of the different systems of 
 managing the poorhouse. : ' -?:; 
 
 Supervisor Martin offered the following resolution as a substitute: 
 
 Resolved, That at the town meetings in the spring of 1859 the following 
 question be submitted to the voters of Knox county: 
 
 : "Shall the paupers of the county be supported by the county, or by the 
 towns to which they belong?" After discussion Mr. Martin withdrew his sub- 
 stitute, whereupon Mr. Gale withdrew his motion, and offered the following 
 substitute : 
 
 .,/: Resolved, That a committee be appointed to report at a meeting of the 
 board to be held on the first Tuesday of March next on the subject of paup>er- 
 ism, and the cost of the different systems of managing the same, presenting in 
 tabular form the comparative expense, by reference to cost incurred in sup- 
 porting paupers in former years. 
 
 On which resolution the yeas and nays were demanded, and resulted: 
 
 Yeas, Messrs. Gale, Brown, Martin, Charles and Stuckey, 5. Nays, Messrs. 
 Meek, Kelly, Nelson, Titus, Routh, LeBarron, Hamrick, Godfrey, Benson, 
 McCornack, Knable, Tucker and Jamagin, 13. Substitute lost. 
 
180 ; HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY ^:I:^v;t.;:, 
 
 The question recurring on the adoption of resolution of Supervisor Nelson, 
 the yeas and nays were called, resulting: - j :'.'.' 
 
 Yeas, Messrs. Meek, Kelly, Nelson, Titus, Martin, LeBarron, Hamrick, 
 Godfrey, Benson, Knable, Tucker and Jarnagin, 12. Nays, Messrs. Gale, Brown, 
 Routh, Holyoke and Stuckey, 5. Resolution adopted. 
 
 The following resolution is given for the purpose of showing the develop- 
 ment of the sentiment in Knox county upon the subject of the care of the 
 poor. 
 
 Supervisor Charles offered the following resolution which was on motion 
 adopted: ' 1 
 
 Resolved, That whereas Dr. J. W. Spaulding and Dr. Taylor of Galesburg 
 have each of them appealed from the decisions of this board to the circuit court 
 of Knox county in cases of obstetrics where one is allowed five dollars and 
 the other nineteen 50/100 dollars, both being pauper cases, and whereas this 
 board have by a preceding resolution ordered that each town hereafter takes 
 care of its own paupers, which will in the future prevent any further account 
 between this board and the medical faculty of Galesburg, and 
 
 Whereas. Under these considerations and to stop all further litigation at 
 the expense of the county, therefore. . ; .' ' . : v;' 1 : 
 
 Resolved, That this board allow these bills, or such part, as have not been 
 allowed heretofore, which in the case of Spaulding is five dollars and Taylor's 
 six 50/100 dollars, said Spaulding and Taylor paying all costs heretofore made 
 in said cases, and that the orders be so expressed by the clerk when issued that 
 it may be known that said orders are issued according to the spirit of these 
 resolutions. 
 
 The chair then named Messrs. Charles, Martin and Benson committee 
 under resolution of Supervisor Nelson in reference to paupers and poor-farm 
 passed yesterday. ' " .' f. . ^'. ,~" ' . ^'!''-:/-. ;.,-;V'-;'.'::U. v:v\>--;-/1 '..'.- 
 
 January Meeting, 1860. Supervisor Gale offered the following resolution: 
 
 Resolved, That a committee be appointed to take charge of the paupers of 
 the county, said committee to be authorized to superintend the poor-farm, and 
 provide for taking charge of the poor; to employ physicians on contract, at 
 Knoxville and Galesburg and elsewhere where the interests of the county may 
 require ; to receive from the poor masters of the county reports of individuals 
 in their charge and direct that such person be supported outside of the poor- 
 house or returned to the poorhouse, as may be for the interest of the county. 
 That no expenses be paid on any pauper outside the poorhouse more than 
 twenty-four hours before notice sent to the committee nor after orders in the 
 case made by the committee, except on the order of the committee. 
 
 On which resolution the yeas and nays were demanded, resulting: Yeas, 
 Messrs. Stevens, Gale, Charles, Hammond. Manley and Jones, 6. Nays, Messrs. 
 Meek. McKee, Robertson, Martin, Routh, Swigart, McComack, Stuckey, Knable 
 and Tucker, lo. Lost. . ..... 
 
 Supervisor Charles offered the following: ' ' ' - 1 r . 
 
 Resolved, That this board deem it expedient to keep the paupers of this 
 county at the county poorhouse, and all expenses arising from the bringing of 
 paupers to said poor- farm ; and expenses accruing at said farm be paid from 
 the county treasury, and further. 
 
:?;;: ' ,/;..'; HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY x:, >., . 
 
 T'' .' - 
 
 '- Resolved, That this county will pay no expense arising for taking care of 
 paupers outside of said farm. 
 
 The yeas and nays being called, resulted: Yeas, Messrs. Stevens, Gale. 
 Routh, Charles, Hammond, Manley, McCornack, Stuckey and Jones, 9. Xays, 
 Messrs. Meek, McKee, Robertson, Martin, Swigart, Knable and Tucker, 7. 
 Adopted. 
 
 Supervisor McKee moved that the foregoing resolution take effect on the 
 1 5th day of April next. Carried. 
 
 And the same day, for the purpose of more effectually carrying into opera- 
 tion the foregoing resolution, the following was introduced and passed: 
 , . Supervisor Charles offered the following resolution, which was adopted: 
 
 Resolved, That there be a committee of three appointed to take charge of 
 the poor-farm, and make the necessary arrangements and contracts as to them 
 may seem best and proper to receive and take care of the county paupers from 
 the 1 5th of April next. 
 
 On motion the supervisor of Knox township, the chairman of the board and 
 the county clerk were appointed said committee. 
 
 -.r At the January meeting, i86i, there appears the first systematic report 
 from the committee on the poor-farm, which on motion of Supervisor Gale, 
 was received and ordered to be spread upon the records. This report is signed 
 by George A. Charles, J. M. Holyoke and John S. Winter, as a committee that 
 had been appointed to take charge of this farm. It shows the entire expense 
 of the farm up to that time had been $789.57. No objections to or criticism 
 upon said report seem to have been made. It is therefore reasonable to supf>ose 
 that the cost was satisfactory to the board. 
 
 The following report, submitted at the May meeting, 1863, is given in full 
 for the purpose of showing a little of the conditions under which the board 
 of supervisors had been laboring. Upon the one hand was the poor of the 
 county, then increasing in number the same as today, as well as here and there 
 an insane person, all of these people needing care and such care as can come 
 only from the very best surroundings. On the other hand, was the apparently 
 excessive cost of maintaining a poor-farm, well equipped with buildings and 
 apparatus, and it appears from resolutions of the board herein contained that 
 a strong effort had been made to throw these people wholly upon the town- 
 ships, abandon the idea of a central home, sell the farm that had been pur- 
 chased for the purposes of a home and the county thereby relieve itself of 
 what was thought by some members of the board an intolerable and unnecessary 
 expense. This report led, as will be seen from subsequent actions of the board, 
 to the construction of one of the finest and most commodious almshouses in the 
 State of Illinois and one that will stand inspection from almost any point of 
 
 view. .-'-. .:, \, : , ';.-;"-x,v-; - -': '' 
 
 ;':..;'.";=..:-'.; -..vo' ''"'-'''-'':''':'' REPORT '' '~''' ' ' . ;'.^ ^ '.'^ ''-'' 
 
 The committee on poor-farm would respectfully report, that in accordance 
 with the resolution passed at the last meeting of the board they have pur- 
 chased from F. Andrews, overseer of the poor-farm, his stock thereon (horses 
 excepted), to-wit: 4 cows, 3 two-year-old cattle and 3 yearlings, for the sum 
 
182 HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY .j 
 
 of one hundred and thirty ($I3O.CX)) dollars. We find that the farm can well 
 sustain that amount of stock or more, and that hereafter the increase thereon 
 will aid materially in furnishing provisions for the inmates of the institution. 
 
 We have renewed the contract with Mr. Andrews as overseer for another 
 year, at the same rate as was paid during last year, to-wit, $525.00. And here 
 we would state that we have made frequent visits to the poor-farm, at such 
 times as suited our convenience, and would say that we have always found 
 the house clean and neat, the inmates contented and happy as persons situated 
 as they are can be, and the gradual improvement of the farm, with the good 
 order in which the fences are kept, and the property taken care of in our 
 estimation, speaks well for the management of our overseer, and the care and 
 industry of the matron. 
 
 The regular number of inmates is nine, of which five are insane, two idiotic 
 and two claim the sympathy and support of the public from age and infirmity. 
 Another case which has caused some trouble is Gustavus Anderson, returned 
 from the insane asylum as incurable, but who after his return we found, with 
 the present accommodations that it was impossible to keep, as, unless he was 
 closely confined or imprisoned, he would continually escape. For some time 
 past he had been in Galesburg, and bills will be presented from that town for his 
 support. Your committee, with full knowledge of the capacity of the poor- 
 house, know that the overseer could not keep him without employing someone 
 to watch him. And your committee would urge upon the board, the propriety 
 of constructing some good and suitable building for keeping the insane of the 
 county, which we find to be the class of paupers which now, as they will 
 hereafter, form the principal portion of those needing aid from the county 
 authorities, such buildings require to be built of brick, and heated by furnace 
 that fires may not originate therefrom, and their erection would be a credit 
 to our county. We cannot pass this matter and justify our consciences without 
 referring to a case now in the poor-farm. A girl known as Crazy Hannah, who 
 has been confined in a small room over three years, unsafe to permit to go 
 out and breathe the fresh air of Heaven, compelled to live within four close 
 walls, until her destiny is fulfilled ; during all the cold days and nights of winter 
 that poor, demented girl cannot approach the fire, between her and it, at a 
 safe distance from her hands, has to be placed strong iron bars lest she should 
 set fire to the building. With all the "modern improvements" for heating build- 
 ings suitable for persons in her condition, are we as citizens of Knox county 
 doing our duty to the unfortunate of our county? 
 
 By our direction the overseer has purchased young fruit trees, and set them 
 out, so that in a few years the farm will be abundantly supplied with fruit. 
 
 A large garden has been made this season, which will furnish the inmates 
 of the poor-farm good and wholesome living and be conducive to their health. 
 
 In conclusion, let the committee ask that the board, in a body, proceed to 
 the farm, examine its condition and see what is required to make it such a 
 poor-farm as the County of Knox should have, so that its members may act 
 understandingly. 
 
 The following is a report of bills of articles purchased by the overseer for 
 the four months just closed: 
 
;,::^ ;:,;:; HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY ,: ,^: 183 
 
 Thomas Muir, dry goods $ 24.83 
 
 Thomas Higgins, meat bill 19.35 
 
 James Hogg, clothing 5.00 
 
 .; C. L. Stewart & Co., shoes 6.60 
 
 Eads & Price, dry goods 16.63 
 
 J. W. Cams, clothing 7.50 
 
 ;./. Miles Smith, hardware, nails, etc 10.09 
 
 N; i R. N. Wallace, groceries 7.65 
 
 "^^^ A. Thompson, groceries i?-?! 
 
 :\ ,;;v \V. G. Jones, lumber 1.30 
 
 -; W. Y. Miller, fruit trees ^'* 10.30 
 
 ^': Eiker & Bro., flour ..^^^y 12.50 
 
 ' " B. Booth, blacksmithing 7.55 
 
 F. Andrews, cash for molasses $ 5.00 
 
 80 gal. soap at 2oc i6.oo 21.00 
 
 Making $i68.oi 
 
 For which your committee ask that orders may be passed in payment to the 
 parties named and would also ask that an order issue in favor of F. Andrews 
 for $130, the purchase price of the stock, bought under direction of the board, 
 by us. : , -... -;;. ,-/ - ... -.,. 
 
 . - ..,;. Respectfully submitted, 
 
 ;'\. :r.x:.V -' ''-':^";''.f'-. JOHN S. WINTER, 
 
 ';i'--;^^'^''^^ V?'' v^'--T^v '-':, :-H'^'V C. ARMS, 
 
 Committee. 
 
 Which report on motion of Supervisor Mathews was accepted and approved. 
 Whereupon the Clerk was instructed to issue orders in payment to the parties 
 named for the sums specified in the report. .:;':. 
 
 At the same term the board passed the following resolution : 
 
 Supervisor Mathews moved that a committee of three be appointed to obtain 
 information as to the plans and cost of erecting such a building on the poor- 
 farm for the safe and comfortable keeping of the insane of the county as is 
 contemplated in the report of the committee on the poor-farm, and required by 
 the county, and report at the September meeting of this board. Adopted. 
 
 The chair appointed Messrs. Davis, Arms and Winter said committee. 
 ,. : May Meeting, 1864. Supervisor Nelson offered the following resolution: 
 ' ; Resolved, That from and after the first day of June, A. D. 1864, that all 
 persons becoming chargeable as paupers remaining in the different towns of 
 Knox county, and the same being sick, in such a manner as to be unable to 
 be removed to the county poor-farm during such sickness, the same being 
 certified to by the overseer of the poor and attending physician; all such bills 
 that are reasonable attending such sickness, together with a reasonable bill for 
 a physician, be allowed and paid by the board of supervisors of Knox county, 
 when said bills shall be presented. 
 
 On which resolution the yeas and nays were called resulting: Yeas, Messrs. 
 Finch, Stewart, Nelson and Heflin, 4. Nays, Messrs. Meek, Lowrie, Newell, 
 Hagey, Arms, Holyoke, LeBarron, Potter, Pickrell, McComack, Stuckey, 
 Knable, Nicholson, Shaffer, Lyons and Gibbs, i6. 
 
184 HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY 
 
 At the September special meeting, held January, 1865, the committee on 
 poor- farm closed their report with the following appeal for something to be 
 done to relieve the deplorable conditions at the poorhouse. 
 
 Your committee do not feel willing to let this meeting pass without calling 
 the serious attention of this Board to the condition of these poor, unfortunate 
 beings whom God has committed to our especial care a trust that your com- 
 mittee feel this honorable board has not discharged. There is but one very 
 poor building for the poor master's^ family and the paupers, having six rooms 
 below and two small chambers, a hall running through the building divides the 
 lower rooms, two rooms and a small store room on one side are occupied by 
 the family. On the other side, the two larger rooms are used during the day 
 by the paupers and the small room has been fitted up as a grated cell for Crazy 
 Hannah, a grated partition separating her from the stove. 
 
 At night the paupers, many of whom are idiotic or insane, are locked up 
 in the two small chambers, and this with the present class of inmates, has 
 to be done irrespective of numbers, and almost of the condition of the paupers. 
 From this brief statement it will be seen how illy adapted the premises are 
 to purposes of a poorhouse, even when all are in health; but when any are 
 sick it is impossible to make them comfortable, and especially is this so when, 
 as in the case of the man with the frozen feet, it becomes as a loathsome pest- 
 house, not only to the paupers but to the poor master and his family, the stench 
 from the gangrened foot filling every part of the building, and sickening the 
 inmates. 
 
 In view of these facts, your committee most earnestly call upon this board 
 to take some steps to make such improvements that it may no longer with truth 
 be said, "That the poorhouse is a disgrace to Knox county." 
 
 All of which is respectfully submitted, 
 
 - R. W. MILES, 
 
 ' ' :'-....': '.;'.:-;' ,^- .-'. ^ -.. :.;' JOHN S. WINTER, 
 
 '^- -^ :'--;-' '":,';''" '' ' '";-'..'/-'' CEPHAS ARMS, 
 
 : ' Committee. 
 
 On motion of Supervisor Stewart, it was ordered that an appropriation not 
 to exceed the sum of two thousand dollars be made to the committee on the 
 poor-farm, to build a suitable dwelling for the poor master, and to make such 
 repairs on the present building as may be needed to make it comfortable for 
 the paupers. 
 
 April, 1865. Report of poor-farm committee: 
 
 Mr. Arms from committee on poor-farm made the following report, which 
 was on motion accepted and approved, and the clerk directed to issue orders 
 to the parties named in accordance with said report: 
 
 Your poor-farm committee report that they have renewed the contract 
 with Mr. Andrews as overseer of the poor-farm for the present year on the 
 same terms as last year, viz. : $600 ; that the paupers, twelve in number, have 
 been made as comfortable, your committee believes, as the circumstances of the 
 case would admit. 
 
 We have contracted for the erection of a building on the farm for the over- 
 seer's family in accordance with the action of the board at its January meet- 
 ing, which is now in process of erection, and when completed will give the 
 

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184 ; . HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY ' .. 
 
 At the September special meeting, held January, 1865, the committee on 
 poor-farm closed their report with the following appeal for something to be 
 done to relieve the deplorable conditions at the poorhouse. I : ' 
 
 Your committee do not feel willing to let this meeting pass without calling 
 the serious attention of this Board to the condition of these poor, unfortunate 
 beings whom God has committed to our especial care a trust that your com- 
 mittee feel this honorable board has not discharged. There is but one very 
 poor building for the poor master's- family and the paupers, having six rooms 
 below and two small chambers, a hall running through the building divides the 
 k)wer rooms, two rooms and a small store room on one side are occupied by 
 the family. On the other side, the two larger rooms are used during the day 
 by the paupers and the small room has been fitted up as a grated cell for Crazy . 
 Hannah, a grated partition separating her from the stove. 
 
 At night the paupers, many of whom are idiotic or insane, are locked up 
 in the two small chambers, and this with the present class of inmates, has 
 to be done irrespective of numbers, and almost of the condition of the paupers. 
 From this brief statement it will be seen how illy adapted the premises are 
 to purposes of a poorhouse, even when all are in health ; but when any are 
 sick it is impossible to make them comfortable, and especially is this so when, 
 as in the case of the man with the frozen feet, it becomes as a loathsome pest- :. 
 house, not only to the paupers but to the poor master and his family, the stench 
 from the gangrened foot filling every part of the building, and sickening the 
 inmates. 
 
 In view of these facts, your committee most earnestly call upon this board 
 to take some steps to make such improvements that it may no longer with truth 
 be said. "That the poorhouse is a disgrace to Knox county." 
 
 All of which is respectfully submitted, . ' 
 
 . /:'':;;' R. W. MILES, > 
 
 . ' i '. . . JOHN S. WINTER. 
 
 '^;^. : CEPHAS ARMS, 
 
 Committee. 
 
 On motion of Supervisor Stewart, it was ordered that an appropriation not 
 to exceed the sum of two thousand dollars be made to the committee on the 
 poor-farm, to build a suitable dwelling for the poor master, and to make such 
 repairs on the i)resent building as may be needed to make it comfortable for 
 the paupers. 
 
 April, 1865. Report of poor-farm committee: -' . . . L . 
 
 Mr, Arms from committee on poor-farm made the following report, which 
 was on motion accepted and approved, and the clerk directed to issue orders 
 to the parties named in accordance with said report: 
 
 Your poor-farm committee report that they have renewed the contract 
 with Mr, Andrews as overseer of the poor-farm for the present year on the 
 same terms as last year, viz.: $600; that the paupers, twelve in number, have 
 been made as comfortable, your committee believes, as the circumstances of the 
 case would admit. 
 
 We have contracted for the erection of a building on the farm for the over- ;. 
 seer's family in accordance with the action of the board at its January meet- 
 ing, which is now in process of erection, and when completed will give the 
 
. ^-. - .- - - 
 
 -''*; .''' 
 
HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY 185 
 
 whole of the main building for the accommodation of the paupers. We have 
 audited the several bills presented for articles furnished to the poor-farm, and 
 recommend that orders issue in favor of the persons, aggregating $587.98. 
 
 R. VV. MILES, 
 JOHN S. WINTER, 
 rf '': CEPHAS ARMS, 
 
 Committee. 
 
 September, 1865. The undersigned committee on the poor-farm would 
 respectfully report : 
 
 That in compliance with the order of the board we have built upon the 
 poor- farm a dwelling house 18x30 feet in size, one and one-half stories high 
 with a good cellar under the whole building, and that the same has been done 
 in a substantial manner; that we have had both ends of the poorhouse new 
 sided, and made other repairs to said building as we deemed necessary ; that 
 the entire cost of said new building, and repairs on the old house, amount to 
 $1487.12. We would further state that owing to the number of flies we did not 
 think it best to finish painting the buildings until fall. 
 
 January, 1866. The clerk then read a circular from the superintendent 
 of the Illinois hospital for the insane, when Mr. Gale offered the following 
 resolution, which was unanimously adopted: 
 
 Resolved, That the committee on the poor-farm have discretion to provide 
 for the support of insane paupers in the state hospital for the insane. 
 
 On motion of Mr. Gale it was ordered that the poor-farm committee be 
 instructed to examine and report what action is necessary for the proper care 
 and support of the incurable insane of the county. 
 
 Mr. Gate then presented the following resolution : 
 
 That this board will pay the expense incurred by the poor-farm commit- 
 tee, in preparing report and plans for the improvement of the poorhouse and 
 premises to be made for the care of the insane, and full compensation for the 
 time spent by the members of the committee. 
 
 That the said committee be authorized to make temporary provision for 
 the care of the insane so far as the present arrangements of the poorhouse are 
 insufficient. 
 April, 1866. Mr. Gale offered the following resolutions, which were adopted : 
 
 Resolved, That the question relating to the construction of a poorhouse 
 be referred to a committee to consist of the poor-farm committee and two other 
 supervisors Messrs. Beadle and Harden. 
 
 That the committee be instructed to re-examine the subject, and to consider 
 the propriety of so modifying the proposed plans as to require the erection of 
 a building suitable to the present wants of the county and capable of economical 
 extension as the wants of the county increase. ;; : 
 
 That the committee also consider the necessity or propriety of purchasing 
 an addition to the poor-farm, and also the advantages of a re-location on other 
 grounds. 
 
 That this committee report at the next meeting, or at a special meeting to 
 be called for the purpose by advice of such committee. 
 
 May, 1866. On motion it was ordered that a special meeting of this board 
 be held on the last Tuesday of May, being the 29th day of said month. 
 
186 HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY 
 
 May Special, 1866. Mr. Rhea offered the following preamble and reso- 
 lution : 
 
 ]Vhereas, It is due to humanity that we should look well to the comfort 
 and welfare of our fellow beings whose misfortune it is to be thrown upon 
 -the charity of our county, therefore 
 
 Resolved, That this board adopt the plan on exhibition in the clerk's 
 office, drawn by W. W. Boyington of Chicago, for a poorhouse, and that we 
 erect the following portions of said plan : the middle or steward's apartments, 
 :' with the right wing of said plan, and that the balance of said plan be built 
 . and completed as soon as the demands require, any resolution of the board 
 to the contrary; and that there be a building committee of three appointed to 
 let and make a contract for said portions of plan mentioned above, and that 
 the entire job be let to the same party, the said party giving bonds and security 
 in double the cost of said building for the faithful performance of their duties 
 and for further security to the county, the county shall retain one-third of the 
 entire costs of said building until it is inspected and approved. 
 
 Mr. Gale offered the following substitute : 
 
 Resolved, That the committee appointed at the last meeting to whom was 
 referred the questions relating to the construction of a poorhouse, be authorized 
 to purchase the northwest quarter of Section ^4, ii N. i east, at a price not 
 exceeding $7,600, if a perfect title can be had, and that the same committee 
 be authorized to proceed to the erection on said grounds of a poorhouse on 
 the plan recommended by the poor-farm committee at the last meeting, so much 
 to be finished this season as is needed for present use. 
 
 Resolution adopted. , 
 
 ;',. Mr. Conger presented the following resolution: ' ' 
 
 Resolved, That the committee appointed to erect the poorhouse be authorized 
 to borrow money on the credit of the county to such extent as may be necessary 
 to meet their expenditures. On motion of Mr. Sanderson it was ordered that the 
 clerk be added to said committee. 
 
 June Special Meeting, 1866. The chairman directed the clerk to read the 
 call under which this meeting is held, which is as follows : 
 , . "To James J. Egan, Clerk of the Board of Supervisors of Knox County, State 
 
 of Illinois: 
 
 "The undersigned being one-third of the members of the board of super- 
 visors of Knox county, do request that a special meeting of said board will be 
 held, to convene on the I2th day of June, A. D. 1866, at the court house in the 
 City of Knoxville, to re-examine the matter of the location or re-location of the 
 poor-farm. Dated this 2nd day of June, A. D. 1866. 
 , , "RuFus W. MILES, "Wn. B. KELLAR, 
 
 ' : : -.;- T "G. W. HEAGY, "J. M. CoMBS, ; . ,, 
 
 . :' ' ' '^ ' ... . "A. EBRIGHT, "E. B. RHEA, ' = 
 
 . "CEPHAS ARMS, "J. A. ADAMS, 
 
 '. ' . "REUBEN HEFLIN." 
 
 V Mr. Rhea, moved that the action had at the adjourned meeting on the 29th 
 day of May last be reconsidered, on which motion the yeas and nays were 
 demanded, resulting: Yeas, Messrs. Heflin, Newell, Heagy, Arms, Ebright, 
 Combs, Kelldr, Johnston, Stuckey, Rhea, Adams, Thompson and Chairman, 13. 
 
HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY ; Ig7 
 
 Nays, Messrs. Meek, Harden, Gale, Conger, Clay, Sanderson, Dunlap, Beadle 
 and Vaughn, 9. Absent, Mr. Gibbs. Adopted. 
 
 On motion of Mr. Gale, and by consent, the report of a part of the poor- 
 farm committee was read. 
 
 Report of Messrs. L. E. Conger, E. S. Harden and Orin Beadle, members 
 of the poor- farm committee. ^ > 
 
 The undersigned members of the committee authorized to purchase a poor- 
 farm, and erect a poorhouse, beg leave respectfully to report : 
 
 The members of the committee then present met at the close of the last 
 meeting of the board, and agreed to meet at the council room in the city of 
 Galesburg, on the Friday following, Mr. Conger informing the committee that 
 he had the refusal of the land proposed to be purchased, for the next day only. 
 It was, as we understood, agreed that Mr. Conger should close the purchase 
 at once, conditioned on the soundness of the title, and that A. M. Craig, Esq., 
 should examine the records, and report to Mr. Conger as early as practicable 
 the next day. 
 
 We considered the action of the board decisive as to the selection of the 
 location, and understood the desire of the board to be that the work should 
 be commenced with the least possible delay. Upon the next day, Mr. Conger 
 learned that one of the persons of whom the land was to be purchased had 
 expressed regret at having offered it at that price, and that another person was 
 about to attempt to purchase. As there were four different owners of the 
 land and either one of them might destroy the value of the purchase to the 
 county by refusing to comply, and the power to enforce compliance with the 
 agreement giving refusal was questionable, he thought no time ought to be lost 
 in fastening the purchase. 
 
 Not expecting to get Mr. Craig's report until noon, he called for advice on 
 Messrs. Douglas and Arnold, who had formerly owned the land. Mr. Arnold 
 assured him that Mr. Craig could not report otherwise than that the title was 
 complete of record; that Judge Douglas and himself had carefully perfected the 
 title. He also exhibited the title deeds and expressed perfect confidence in the 
 title. :;: 
 
 Mr. Conger therefore ordered the preparation of the necessary papers, and 
 notified the owners that he took the land, provided the examination showed 
 good title. 
 
 Mr. Craig not arriving as expected, Mr. Conger proceeded to complete the 
 purchase, and take the deeds. While so engaged, Mr. Craig arrived and sub- 
 mitted a full abstract of title, reported the title so far as appeared of record, 
 perfect, and expressed the opinion that it was a safe title to buy. At the same 
 time Mr. Conger received letters from Messrs. Miles and Arms, members of 
 the committee, and from Mr. Egan, assuming to be a member of the committee, 
 advising that the interest of the county might be promoted by a delay. These 
 gentlemen gave no reason for their advice. Mr. Conger thought he saw no 
 danger to the .interests of the county in delay, and thought he had gone too 
 far with the owners of the land, honorably to recede, and while some might 
 be willing to release him others might not. At the same time Mr. Dunlap, 
 supervisor from Henderson, informed him that he had just seen Mr. Miles ; 
 that Mr. Miles told him he desired delay because the citizens of Knoxville, 
 
188 : HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY 
 
 disappointed by the action of the board, in locating the poorhouse, were dis- 
 posed to endeavor to raise by subscription means to purchase or aid in purchas- 
 ing a farm, if the board would re-consider the location, and that he intended 
 to join with such supervisors as were willing to call a special meeting for the 
 purpose. 
 
 The committee had already given a great deal of attention to the selection 
 of the site, and Mr. Conger was convinced no other location that the board 
 would accept could be obtained in the vicinity of either Galesburg or Knoxville 
 for less than from $2CXX) to $4000 advance on the price of the land already 
 selected, that none equally desirable could be had at that rate even. That to 
 throw away the chance already secured, in the hopes that after the chance 
 was gone, the citizens of Knoxville would contribute $6000 or $8000 for the 
 purpose of controlling the location seemed to him a very unbusinesslike trans- 
 action. It seemed to him quite likely that those who desired to control the 
 location might find it the cheapest way to purchase one of the four interests 
 in the land in question, and thus defeat any attempt to secure it again, and 
 compel the county to make a location elsewhere, on less favorable terms. In 
 these views Mr. Dunlap entirely concurred. 
 
 On Friday, the time set for the meeting of the committee, there were pres- 
 ent, Messrs. Harden, Beadle and Conger. After waiting until afternoon for the 
 arrival of the other members of the committee they proceeded to receive state- 
 ment from Mr. Conger of his action and examined the land. ( 
 
 In the absence of the gentleman who was understood to be chairman of 
 the committee, Mr. Harden was appointed temporary chainnan. Mr. Conger's 
 action was approved and the deeds ordered to be placed on record. 
 
 We have explained our action and motives the more fully that we wish 
 to show that we have not intended to show any lack of courtesy towards the 
 other members of the committee, or in any wise to take any advantage of 
 power temporarily placed in our hands by our associates in the board and tie 
 up the hands of the board, or in any way embarrass its free action. 
 
 If the opinions of other members of the committee have not had due weight 
 with us, it is because they did not give us an opportunity for consultation with 
 them. We did no more than we thought the exigencies of the case required 
 and believe that had the committee been full its members would have concurred ; 
 that under the circumstances we could not do less. What we have done has been 
 done in good faith, and we believe for the interest of the county, and we expect 
 to be sustained by the board. We are more than ever satisfied with the location. 
 The land is of first quality, and possesses the diversified surface desirable in a 
 farm, both for beauty and utility. 
 
 . -. 'Near the center of the tract it affords a beautiful site for building, command- 
 ing a view of the whole farm, and of the county for miles around. Near enough 
 to the highway, but sufficiently removed for desirable privacy. 
 
 In full view of all the railroads, a handsome building will be a conspicuous 
 ornament to the county. 
 
 We are assured that there will be every facility given by the railroad com- 
 pany, both for delivering of building materials on the ground, and hereafter land- 
 ing inmates upon the premises at a platform to be erected near the track, also 
 for the delivery of fuel and other heavy supplies. Its proximity to a station 
 
HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY ; y 189 
 
 where extra engines are kept constantly heated will enable the railroad to 
 give many such facilities, without expense, that could not well be given the 
 same distance from other stations. 
 
 Situated nearly midway between the western portion of the City of Gales- 
 burg and the City of Knoxville those large centers of population could not be 
 better accommodated, and its nearness to the point where all the railroads 
 converge gives it peculiar advantages in accommodating the county towns. 
 
 We believe the greatest value of the poorhouse will be as a hospital and 
 that suitable provisions of ambulance, easy chairs and the proper use of the 
 facilities of the railroad, very sick persons can be removed from any place in 
 .the county without danger, and that once there, they can be well cared for at 
 an expense below the cost of medical attendance alone in the country towns. 
 
 To carry out such arrangements we consider a location on the railroad 
 indispensable, and we regard it as a great advantage that the superintendent 
 shall receive his mail at Galesburg, from which point he can communicate with 
 the authorities of the several towns with promptness, and can in most cases 
 know the situation, and remove the patient in 24 to 48 hours less time than 
 if the location was at another point. 
 
 In conclusion we recommend that the committee be instructed to proceed 
 with the construction of the building with the least delay, consistent with the 
 proper economy of the work. 
 
 In the purchase of the land, the amount expended was $^600.00. 
 :.' E. S. HARDEN, 
 
 ':\: 'v- : ;:;;.... .: '.. r-'v" 'v/-^: ; '.' - O. BEADLE, 
 
 ^';;;; !;K'\,;.'-v :;!.':.;>;' ; j. "'' " L. E. CONGER, 
 
 Committee. 
 
 '- Mr. Miles from committee on poor- farm, made a verbal report of the 
 action of the remainder of the committee. V I'-' 
 
 On motion of Mr. Conger and by consent the abstract of title made by 
 Hon. A. M. Craig on the northwest quarter of Section 24, in Township 1 1 N. i 
 E. was read. 
 
 On motion of Mr. Arms, it was voted that the board immediately on conven- 
 ing in the afternoon, will hear a report on the title of said land from Mr. San- 
 ford. 
 
 On motion of Mr. Heagy, adjourned until half past one o'clock P. M. Board 
 met pursuant to adjournment. 
 
 Mr. Vaughn offered the following resolutions as a substitute for Mr. Gale's 
 resolution, passed at the adjourned meeting. May 29. last. 
 
 Resolved, That the purchase of the northwest quarter of Section 24, ii N. 
 I E. made by the committee of the poor-farm be and the same is hereby rati- 
 fied and approved. And, be it further ,'. , ;'-. 
 
 Resolved, That the committee on the poor-farm hereafter consist of Messrs. 
 R. W. Miles, C. Arms and L. E. Conger, and that in case the piece of land, of 
 about 32 acres south of the poor-farm, owned by John Eads, be donated to 
 the county free of costs, and that the piece of ground west of the poor farm of 
 about 36 acres, owned by W. Y. Miller, can be purchased for $35 per acre, and 
 a good defensible title can be had, then and in that case, the aforesaid commit- 
 tee be and they are hereby instructed to purchase said land of said Miller, and 
 
.190 ;. HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY 
 
 . to commence the construction of a poorhouse as soon as possible on the grounds 
 of the present poor-farm; the same to be constructed after the plans and speci- 
 fications of W. W. Boyington, now in the hands of the poor-farm committee, 
 save and except one of the wings, the committee to determine which one to 
 be left off. And the' committee are hereby empowered to borrow money on the 
 credit of the county for the construction of said building, and the purchase of 
 the land of said Miller, and that already purchased by the poor-farm commit- 
 
 ; tee. to the amount of forty thousand dollars, and no more, without further 
 authority from this board, and that the committee retain 20 per cent, of the 
 contract price in their hands for the faithful completion of the work. And, be it 
 further 
 
 Resolved, That in case a good and sufficient title to the above mentioned 
 land, satisfactory to the members of the committee, cannot be had, on the con- 
 ditions above specified, then and in that case, the committee be and is hereby 
 authorized to commence the construction of a poorhouse on the same conditions 
 above specified, on the land now purchased by the committee, that is the north- 
 west quarter of Section 24. Township ii N. i E. 
 
 Which substitute was accepted by the board by the following votes : Yeas, 
 Messrs. Heflin. Newell, Heagy, Arms, Combs, Kellar, Johnston, Stuckey, Rhea, 
 
 : Adams, Thompson, Vaughn and Chairman, 13. Nays, Messrs. Meek, Harden, 
 
 .Gale, Conger, Clay, Sanderson, Dunlap, Ebright and Beadle, 9. 
 
 . Mr. Gale offered the following as a substitute for the substitute of Mr, 
 Vaughn. :; ^ j v^ v 
 
 Resolved, That when this board adjourn it adjourn for five weeks. 
 That the purchase of the northwest quarter of Section 24, in Township ii 
 N. I E. be confirmed. 
 
 That the supervisor from Indian Point, Victoria, Truro, Henderson and 
 Sparta be appointed a committee to report upon the best location for a poor- 
 house, taking into account convenience to the county, expense of site, cost of 
 buildings and future running expenses. 
 
 Mr. Combs moved to amend by striking out the names of the committee 
 and that the chair appoint said committee. Amendment lost by the following 
 vote : Yeas, Messrs. Hefiin, Newell, Heagy, Arms, Combs, Kellar, Rhea, Adams, 
 Thompson and Vaughn, lo. Nays, Messrs. Meek, Harden, Gale, Conger, Clay, 
 Sanderson, Dunlap, Ebright, Beadle, Johnston and Stuckey, ii. 
 
 Mr. Arms moved to amend Mr. Gale's resolution by adding Messrs. Combs 
 
 ' and Kellar to the committee named, which amendment was carried by the 
 following vote : Yeas, Messrs. Hefiin, Newell, Heagy, Arms, Combs, Kellar, 
 Johnston, Stuckey, Rhea, Adams, Thompson, Vaughn and Chairman, 13. Nays, 
 Messrs. Meek, Harden, Gale, Conger, Clay, Sanderson, Dunlap, Ebright and 
 Beadle, 9. 
 
 The question recurring on the acceptance of the substitute of Mr. Gale as 
 amended, it was accepted by the following vote: Yeas, Messrs. Meek, Harden, 
 
 ; Gale, Conger, Clay, Sanderson, Dunlap, Hefiin, Newell, Beadle and Stuckey, ii. 
 Nays, Messrs. Heagy, Arms, Ebright, Combs, Kellar, Johnston, Rhea, Adams, 
 Thompson, Vaughn and Mr. Chairman, lo. 
 
 > On motion of Mr. Stuckey adjourned until lo o'clock tomorrow morning. 
 ; V- The chairman announced that the substitute of Mr. Gale under considera- 
 
HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY ;-^- 191 
 
 tion yesterday evening, was in order, when Mr. Vaughn offered the following 
 resolutions as a substitute therefor: 
 
 Resolved, That the purchase of the northwest quarter of Section 24, Town- 
 ship II N. I E. made by Messrs. L. E. Conger, O. Beadle and E. S. Harden, 
 members of the poor-farm committee, be and the same is hereby ratified and 
 approved. And, it is further 
 
 Resolved, That the committee on the poor-farm hereafter consist of Messrs. 
 R. W. Miles, C. Arms and L. E. Conger, and that in case the piece of land of 
 about 32 acres, south of and adjoining the poor-farm, owned by John Eads, 
 and the piece of land west of and adjoining the poor-farm, of about 36 acres, 
 owned by William Y. Miller, be donated, and a deed of the same made to the 
 county free of cost; then, and in that case, the aforesaid committee be and they 
 are hereby instructed and empowered to commence the construction of a poor- 
 house as soon as possible, on the grounds of the present poor-farm ; the same 
 to be constructed after the plans and specifications of W. W. Boyington, now 
 in the hands of the poor-farm committee, save and 'except one of the wings, 
 extending from the steward's department; the committee to determine which one 
 to be left off, and the said committee are hereby empowered to borrow money 
 on the credit of the county for the construction of said building, and for the 
 payment of the aforesaid northwest quarter of Section 24, Township 1 1 N. i E. 
 to the amount of thirty-five thousand dollars, and no more, without further 
 authority from this board, and that the committee retain 20 per cent of the 
 contract price in their hands for the faithful completion of the work. And, be 
 it further 
 
 Resolved, That in case a good and sufficient title to the above described 
 lands, adjoining the present poor-farm, cannot be had on the above mentioned 
 conditions, and satisfactory to the aforesaid committee; then and in that case 
 the committee be and it is hereby instructed and authorized to commence 
 immediately the construction of a poorhouse on the northwest quarter of Section 
 24, Township ii N. i E. in the same manner, and on the same conditions as 
 above specified. And, it is further ..'-: o 
 
 Resolved, That all resolutions heretofore passed by this board, and in- 
 consistent with this resolution, in regard to the construction of a poorhouse, 
 be and they are hereby rescinded. 
 
 Mr. Rhea offered the following amendment: 
 
 Whereas, there have been deeds executed to Knox county of the N. W. 24, 
 II N. I E. under instructions of Mr. L. E. Conger, a member of the poor- farm 
 committee under protest of one-half of said committee, therefore 
 
 Resolved, That Knox county quit claim to the said L. E. Conger, all 
 claims in said tract of land as the record does show a title to said land con- 
 trary to instructions, and the action of said members of committee are hereby 
 rescinded. And that the contractors of said buildings be required to give security 
 in double the amount of costs of buildings. 
 
 A question of order being raised on the amendment, the chairman decided 
 the amendment out of order. 
 
 And the question being on the acceptance of Mr. Vaughn's substitute the yeas 
 and nays were demanded, resulting: Yeas, Messrs. Newell, Heagy, Arms, 
 Ebright, Combs, Kellar, Johnston, Stuckey, Rhea, Adams, Thompson, Vaughn 
 
192 HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY 
 
 and Mr. Chairman, 13. Nays, Messrs. Meek, Harden, Gale, Conger, Clay, 
 Sanderson, Dunlap, Heflin, Beadle and Gibbs, lO. Substitute accepted. 
 
 A motion to adjourn was then offered, on which the yeas and nays were 
 called, resulting: Yeas, Messrs. Meek, Harden, Gale, Conger, Clay, Sanderson, 
 Dunlap, Heflin, Beadle, Combs and Gibbs, ii. Nays, Messrs. Newell, Heagy, 
 Arms, Ebright, Kellar, Johnston, Stuckey, Rhea, Adams, Thompson, Vaughn 
 and Mr. Chairman, 12. Lost. 
 
 Mr. Ebright moved that a committee of five be appointed to receive pro- 
 posals from the several points desiring to secure the location of the poor-farm, 
 and report at 1 130 o'clock this afternoon. Adopted. The chairman appointed 
 Messrs. Ebright, Stuckey, Conger, Vaughn and Rhea, said committee. 
 
 On motion adjourned until half past one o'clock. 
 
 Mr. Ebright from committee on receiving proposals from towns for the 
 location of poor-farm, reported the following proposals: 
 
 1st. I, John Eads, do hereby agree to convey by deed, for the purpose of, 
 ar-'J as a poor-farm for Knox county, state of Illinois, to the board of super- 
 visors Oi said county, my land lying east of the city of Knoxville, in said 
 county, bounded on the north by the Peoria road leading east from Knoxville, 
 on the west and south, by the road leading from Maquon to Knoxville, being 
 about 117 acres and parts of the S. E. quarter of Sec. 27 and N. E. 34 in town- 
 ship II N., range 2 east in said county, for the sum of $17 per acre, provided 
 said board will erect, or cause to be erected on said land the poorhouse now 
 in contemplation of erection. 
 
 2nd. I, Cephas Arms, supervisor of the town of Knox, do hereby offer 
 the donation of 33 acres, lying south of and adjoining the poor-farm, owned 
 by John Eads, and about 36 acres adjoining, and lying west of the poor-farm, 
 owned by Wm. Y. Miller, for poor-farm purposes to the board of supervisors 
 of Knox county. 111., provided said board will erect or cause to be erected 
 on said poor-farm the poorhouse now in contemplation of erection, and do 
 guarantee the conveyance of said lands to the said board on the above conditions. 
 
 3rd. I will see that the county have paid into the treasury within ten days 
 $10,000 for the purpose of erecting a poorhouse on Boyington's plan, on N. W. 
 24, II N. I. E. W. SELDEN GALE. 
 
 4th. The town of Lynn will donate to the county of Knox, the S. W. 
 quarter of section lo, 13 N. 4 E. with a clear title, for the purpose of erecting 
 a county poorhouse upon it. ,.-... 
 
 ... , - ' JOSEPH D. GIBBS, 
 
 ' '' Superintendent. 
 
 On motion of Mr. Sanderson it was voted that the report of the committee 
 be accepted. 
 
 The question being on the adoption of Mr. Vaughn's resolution, Mr. San- 
 derson moved to substitute therefor the following resolution : 
 
 Resolved, That this board confirm the purchase of the northwest quarter 
 of section 24, town ii N. i E. 
 
 The yeas and nays being demanded, resulted: Yeas Messrs. Meek, Har- 
 den, Gale, Conger, Clay, Sanderson, Dunlap, Heflin, Ebright, Beadle, Stuckey, 
 Thompson, Vaughn and Gibbs, 14. Nays Messrs. Newell, Heagy, Arms, 
 Combs, Kellar, Johnston, Rhea, Adams and Chairman, 9. Substitute accepted, 
 when on motion said resolution was adopted. 
 
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HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY 
 
 and Mr. Chairman, 13. Nays, Messrs. Meek, Harden, Gale, Conger, Clay, 
 Sanderson, Dunlap, Heflin, Beadle and Gibbs, lo. Substitute accepted. 
 
 A motion to adjourn was then offered, on which the yeas and nays were 
 called, resulting: Yeas, Messrs. Meek, Harden, Gale, Conger, Clay, Sanderson, 
 Dunlap, Heflin, Beadle, Combs and Gibbs, ii. Nays, Messrs. Newell, Heagy, 
 Arms, Ebright, Kellar, Johnston, Stuckey, Rhea, Adams, Thompson, Vaughn 
 and ^Ir. Chairman, 12. Lost. 
 
 Mr. Ebright moved that a committee of five be appointed to receive pro- 
 posals from the several points desiring to secure the location of the poor-farm, 
 and report at i :3O o'clock this afternoon. Adopted. The chairman appointed 
 Messrs. Ebright, Stuckey, Conger, \'aughn and Rhea, said committee. 
 
 On motion adjourned until half past one o'clock. 
 
 Mr. Ebright from committee on receiving proposals from towns for the 
 location of poor-farm, reported the following proposals: | ^ - 
 
 1st. I, John Eads, do hereby agree to convey by deed, for the purpose of, 
 a.r." as a poor-farm for Knox county, state of Illinois, to the board of super- 
 visors Oi said county, my land lying east of the city of Knoxville, in said 
 county, bounded on the north by the Peoria road leading east from Knoxville, 
 on the west and south, by the road leading from Maquon to Knoxville, being 
 about 117 acres and parts of the S, E. quarter of Sec, 27 and N. E. 34 in town- 
 ship II N., range 2 east in said county, for the sum of $17 per acre, provided 
 said board will erect, or cause to be erected on said land the poorhouse now 
 in contemplation of erection, , : '- :. .( ' . 
 
 2nd, I, Cephas Arms, supervisor of the town of Knox, do hereby offer 
 the donation of 33 acres, lying south of and adjoining the poor-farm, owned 
 by John Eads, and about 36 acres adjoining, and lying west of the poor-farm, 
 owned by Wm. Y. Miller, for poor- farm purposes to the board of supervisors 
 of Knox county. 111., provided said board will erect or cause to be erected 
 on said poor-farm the poorhouse now in contemplation of erection, and do 
 guarantee the conveyance of said lands to the said board on the above conditions, 
 
 3rd. I will see that the county have paid into the treasury within ten days 
 $10,000 for the purpose of erecting a poorhouse on Boyington's plan, on N. W. 
 24, II X. I. E. W. SELDEN GALE. 
 
 4th. The town of Lynn will donate to the county of Knox, the S. W. 
 quarter of section lo, 13 N. 4 E, with a clear title, for the purpose of erecting 
 a county poorhouse upon it. . . . ' : 
 
 . , , ' JOSEPH D, GIBBS, 
 
 , Superintendent. 
 
 On motion of Mr. Sanderson it was voted that the report of the committee 
 be accepted. ; j 
 
 The question being on the adoption of Mr. Vaughn's resolution, Mr. San- 
 derson moved to substitute therefor the following resolution : 
 
 Resolved, That this board confirm the purchase of the northwest quarter 
 of section 24, town ii N. i E. ' ' ." -: ; | '.; 
 
 The yeas and nays being demanded, resulted : Yeas Messrs. Meek, Har- 
 den, Gale, Conger, Clay, Sanderson, Dunlap, Heflin, Ebright, Beadle, Stuckey, 
 Thompson, \'aughn and Gibbs, 14. Nays Messrs. Newell, Heagy, Arms, 
 Combs, Kellar, Johnston, Rhea, Adams and Chairman, 9. Substitute accepted, 
 when on motion said resolution was adopted. - 
 
S.5. 5C 
 
 3_ r 
 
 in 
 
 =. X 
 
H:^:; HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY .. :. 193 
 
 Mr. Arms offered the following resolution: 
 
 C; - Resolved, That the proposition of the town of ICnox, donating lands in 
 V. addition to the present poor- farm, upon the conditions specified, be accepted. 
 .'.-r Mr. Gale offered the following resolution as a substitute: 
 
 T-.; i Resolved, That the poorhouse building committee be directed to proceed 
 ';; - . to erect on the northwest quarter of section 24, ii north i east, the center and 
 .-.";' one wing of the plan for poorhouse adopted at last meeting, provided the 
 ':''.' sum of $10,000 shall be paid into the county treasury within ten days by the 
 . C ' authorities of Galesburg, as a donation for the purpose. 
 ' V That the said committee be authorized to borrow money for the purpose 
 
 : ; of such erection and payment of land, to an amount not exceeding $15,000. 
 
 :. / Mr. Arms withdrew his resolution, when Mr. Rhea offered the following 
 
 ...- substitute for Mr. Gale's resolution: 
 
 ' ' . Resolved, That the committee on the poor-farm hereafter consist of Messrs. 
 
 ;; . ;' '. R. W. Miles, C. Arms and L. E. Conger; and that in case the piece of land 
 
 . ' of about 32 acres, south of and adjoining the poor- farm, owned by John Eads, 
 
 ;...;.. jjjfl i^j^g piece of land west of and adjoining the poor-farm, of about 36 acres, 
 
 '' 1 V owned by W. Y. Miller, be donated and a deed of the same made to the county, 
 
 . .'' free of costs; then and in that case, the aforesaid committee be, and they are 
 
 ;;''*, hereby instiaicted and empowered to commence the construction of a poor- 
 
 :. y, . house as soon as possible, on the grounds of the present poor- farm the same 
 
 - :: .,. to be constructed after the plans and specifications of W. W. Boyington, now 
 :;;'.; in the hands of the poor-farm committee, save and except one of the wings 
 
 ;-"!;: extending from the steward's department the committee to determine which 
 
 .;.;.'; one to be left off. And the said committee are hereby empowered to borrow 
 ;.. .?; money on the credit of the county for the construction of the said building, 
 ' ^ , and for the payment of the (purchase money of the) northwest quarter of 
 
 .;./:. section 24, town ii N. i E. to the amount of twenty thousand dollars, and no 
 ';',: more, without further authority from this board. And that the committee 
 
 , > retain twenty per cent of the contract price in their hands for the faithful 
 ^ y^ . completion of the work. And be it further v i' 
 
 ';' ' Resolved, That in case a good and sufficient title to the above described 
 
 / -- ' lands adjoining the present poor-farm, cannot be had on the above mentioned 
 .'''. . conditions, and satisfactory to the aforesaid committee, then and in that case, 
 -: ,, the committee.be, and it is hereby instructed and authorized to commence im- 
 iyj /;; mediately the construction of a poorhouse, on the N. W. quarter of Section 
 
 .. -'.v/ 24, T. II N. I E. in the same manner and on the same conditions as above 
 V : . specified. And be it further 
 
 .:; Resolved, That all resolutions heretofore passed by this board, and incon- 
 
 ':'>/' '; sistent with this resolution in regard to the construction of a poorhouse, be, 
 '.:"; and they are hereby rescinded. 
 
 :; j On the adoption of which substitute, the yeas and nays were called, re- 
 :v;> ": suiting: Yeas Messrs. Heflin, Newell, Heagy, Arms, Combs, Kellar, John- 
 4 - , ston, Stuckey, Rhea, Adams, Thompson, Vaughn and Mr. Chairman, 13. Nays 
 ;i;,.;'; Messrs. Meek, Harden, Gale, Conger, Clay, Sanderson, Dunlap, Ebright, Beadle 
 and Gibbs, lo. Adopted. 
 
 And the question being shall the resolution pass, the yeas and nays were 
 called, and the resolution adopted by the following vote : Yeas Messrs. Heflin, 
 
 Vol. I 18 
 
194 HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY ' v 
 
 Newell, Heagy, Arms, Ebright, Combs, Kellar, Johnston, Stuckey, Rhea, Adams, 
 Thompson, Vaughn and Mr. Chairman, 14. Nays Messrs. Meek, Harden, 
 Gale, Conger, Clay, Sanderson, Dunlap, Beadle and Gibbs, 9. 
 
 On motion adjourned. . t .'.. 
 
 ; . January, 1867 The poor-farm committee reported that by their estimates 
 it will require about $15,000 additional to complete the building and properly 
 stock and improve said farm. 
 
 '.:''- :" Tr f- :;'/ \ a\- ,. '..:". 
 
 , . ,. . REPORT OF POOR-FARM CXDMMITTEE "'::--;'; 
 
 V ;\?^;t'^:;''"'., . ''- A, .';'-:','-."..'' v : ^"\':'i "'...: JANUARY, 7th, 1867. ' :} 
 
 To the Honorable Board of Supervisors of Knox County: 
 
 As the poor-farm committee made no written report at the Sept. ineeting, 
 we will briefly state that at the special meeting in June 1866, your committee 
 was directed (provided the titles to certain parcels of land adjoining the old 
 poor-farm, proposed to be donated to Knox county by the citizens of Knox- 
 ville, were good and sufficient titles) to accept of the deeds, and proceed to 
 erect one wing and the center building of the poorhouse according to plans 
 and specifications of W. W. Boyington. Your committee consulted Messrs. San- 
 ford and Craig as to the titles to said land. They pronounced the titles good. 
 Your committee accepted the deeds and immediately advertised for proposals 
 for erecting the building. Upon opening the bids, the bid of Mr. Wm. Arm- 
 strong was decided to be the lowest and best bid, and the contract was im- 
 mediately drawn up and signed accordingly. Mr. Armstrong contracts that 
 for the sum of $26,900.00 he will erect and complete the building ready for 
 use, warming apparatus included, subject to the approval of W. W. Boyington. 
 Owing to the inclemency of the weather, Mr. Armstrong will not be able to 
 complete the building according to the time of the contract, but your commit- 
 tee believe that Mr. Armstrong has faithfully tried to comply with the terms 
 of the contract not only as to time, but in material and workmanship of the 
 building. Your committee was also authorized to borrow $20,000 to be ex- 
 pended on the building and for paying for the N. W. quarter of section 24, 
 II N. 2 E. An itemized statement attached shows the amount of expenditures 
 to be $16,769.99. 
 
 April, 1867. Mr. Gale moved that when this board adjourned, that it 
 be until called together by the poor-farm committee. Carried. Yeas Messrs. 
 Meek, Harden, Clay, Gale, Conger, Sanderson, Whiting, WyckoflF, Beadle, 
 Miles, Johnston, Chambers, Hall, Vaughn and Gibbs, 15. Nays Messrs. McKee, 
 Sumner, Charles. Keightley, Hanrick, Swigart and Shaffer, 7. Excused, Messrs. 
 Dunlap and Wood, 2. 
 
 September, 1867. Mr. Miles offered the following resolution which was 
 adopted: :..-;-., --^j - I \0 A ' 
 
 Resolved, That the buildings heretofore known and called the Knox county 
 poorhouse, be hereafter known and called the Knox county almshouse. 
 
 .:,'.;,.. ' REPORT OF POOR-FARM COMMITTEE ;:.:,-;.; 
 
 To the Honorable Board of Supervisors of Knox County: - 
 
 The committee on poor- farm and building would report as follows ; 
 
;.;^;^ v;^ ;;, ; HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY .:^-.;V, 195 
 
 That since the last meeting of the board they have borrowed money 
 
 to the amount of $19,578.00 
 
 Amoimt previously borrowed 28,550.00 
 
 Total amount borrowed $48,128.00 , 
 
 The amount expended by the committee since the com- . ...,....-. ; 
 
 mencement of the poorhouse in July, 1866, is (Sun- ' ',';' 
 
 > dry items) $47,239.04 ^ ^ 
 
 >.---...-'::. :.,.^:- :^ -.:.' : $47,239.04 x . 1 
 
 Amount paid by committee on the original contract $26,900.00 . -- .- ' 
 
 Amount allowed by W. W. Boyington for extra work -v .-.'-'. 
 
 and heating apparatus 5,650.82 .-',-: 
 
 Money expended for Galesburg farm 8,201.83 ". \ : 
 
 Amount paid on notes prin. and int 1,500.00 .;' ^: - . - 
 
 Range and fixtures 450.95 ;..-"'. ' 
 
 Grates and mantles 217.00 .,'.':,.>' . ; 
 
 W. W. Boyington 690.55 -;:.'. . 
 
 Making a total of ; . . , . ;...'. . ,'. . , $43,61 1.15 - .. 
 
 Leaving a balance not accounted for of 3,627.89 :? , . 
 
 ;.;. -. ^-^ -,-. --;v-:-, .,.:.-._.:.-... -...-...- A... .^ .V $47^239.04 ;;^ ;.;;.; 
 
 This balance of $3,627.89 has been expended by the committee in stocking . .. 
 the farm, tiles and drain, wagons, harness, plows, furniture, expenses of insane 
 at Jacksonville, etc., etc. All of which is shown in the report of the committee ; V 
 in separate items in the payment of the amount $47,239.04. . - 
 
 All of which is respectfully submitted. . ': r/i ;"/..,.., 
 
 :'^ ':-\ ':;/' "''r\,-^---:<;;-.'-;-'':^- ;/':. ' ;;/.M,.V..' R. W. MILES, '^-;;;.:'J., j,.;,. ; 
 
 ;/"'.'-.. .''"- >'--;v:x'::'V---- ''':.:" -^-.-.x: -.^'//'V: '.'..'./:. L. E. CONGER, >'.''.';'- 
 
 GEO. A. CHARLES. ;\ 
 
 January 13, 1868. Called meeting. Mr. Gale moved that Messrs. Conger 
 
 and Whiting be appointed a committee to sell such portion of the Galesburg 
 
 poor-farm as lies north of the railroad. Adopted. . ' , ' 
 
 Mr. Gale then moved that the sale made by the committee of such portion . : 
 
 of the Galesburg poor-farm (N. W. 24, ii N., i E.) that lies south of the 
 
 railroad be approved and confirmed. Adopted. 
 
 July Meeting, 1876. The almshouse committee presents the f(4llowing fur- ;. 
 
 ther report: v./^; ''- "V';.-^ .' ^V.'-' . -.---^ -.;';''>?''..'."- 
 
 To the Honorable Board of Supervisors of Knox County: ' 
 
 Your committee on almshouse and paupers would respectfully present the 
 following: 
 
 , . Whereas, The present ventilation of the Knox county almshouse has been ': ; 
 declared by the secretary of the state board of charities, to be wholly insufficient 
 to secure wholesome air for the inmates, and 
 
 Whereas, Your committee by careful examination find the accommodation 
 for the insane wholly inadequate, all the cells being filled, and there are several 
 still running at large on the premises, for whose safety and the safety of others, .. V 
 cells should be provided; and there are also quite a number at the insane hos- . ' : 
 pitals that are liable to be returned at any time; and : 
 
196 ' HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY V^cvVi^.;: 
 
 Whereas, The laundry accommodations were originally designed to be in 
 the east wing of the originally planned building, but are now in the west base- 
 ment designed for cellars, and is not only wholly inadequate for the purpose, 
 but the dampness arising from it is injurious to the building, and endangers the 
 health of the inmates; and 
 
 Whereas, The heating apparatus in said building has entirely given out, and 
 must be renewed at great expense before another winter; and 
 
 Whereas, Under the present arrangements it is impossible for the superin- 
 tendent to keep the sexes properly separated, which is absolutely necessary in 
 order to sustain the moral character of the institution; and 
 
 Whereas, Labor and material are at this time unusually cheap, therefore 
 your committee would earnestly recommend, that the board of supervisors take 
 immediate steps to add to the present building the east wing contemplated in 
 the original design of said building, the plans and specifications of which your 
 committee understand are in the hands of the county clerk, and also to adopt a 
 proper plan for heating and ventilation of the whole building upon the most ap- 
 proved and economical plan. All of which is respectfully submitted. 
 
 D. M. ElKER, '^^'V': 
 '.'';:'-; ..' . : > G. V. DiETERICH, "' 
 
 .';'': ; ;. -; J. S. CHAMBERS, : ,. 
 
 '^'' ''<''}':>. ^ ... .' ';,;--".,'.'; -'-v,- WM. G. WEST, j..:-;:''^^ 
 
 .'-<^. .'',. . , . . .''V-/.:/ . . '' ';; S. S. STUCKEY, ' 'V' 
 
 ^ -- - Committee. 
 
 On motion of Mr. Holyoke, the matter was referred to almshouse commit- 
 tee, with instructions to report fully at the adjourned meeting of the board, the 
 probable cost of the contemplated improvement, and expense of necessary heating 
 and ventilation. 
 
 July Adjourned Meeting, 1876. Mr. Eiker, from almshouse committee, pre- 
 sented the following special report: . ,. ..;?.:.. ..4 ; 
 To the Honorable Board of Supervisors of Knox County: 
 
 Your committee on almshouse and paupers, to whom was referred the mat- 
 ter reported by them at the July meeting, would report that they have attended 
 to the duty assigned to them, and herewith present the original plans and specifica- 
 tions, from which the present building was erected, together with drawings by 
 Messrs. Parry & Stevens, presenting the changes which your committee would 
 recommend. From them you will readily see that, although we have added 8 
 feet in length and 2 feet in width to the east wing, yet it will not detract from 
 the original design nor materially increase the expense. In the present building 
 we have but 8 insane cells. In the new wing we get 19, together with all the 
 laundry and baking accommodations, the want of which has so long been felt. 
 To heat and ventilate the entire building, your committee would recommend 
 that the boiler be situated outside of the west end of the building; that a chimney 
 be erected for boiler purposes, from which the best of ventilation can be secured 
 for that part of the building now erected. For the new part, ventilation can 
 readily be obtained from the large chimney shown in the plan. 
 
 The estimated cost of building complete in all parts, exclusive of heating 
 apparatus and fixtures, as furnished us by Messrs. Parry & Stevens, will be 
 about $15.000, and as furnished us by W. O. Thomas, of Macomb, $13,425, the 
 
>:;v /^:;^-::^^ HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY ^;7>;;; 197 f' 
 
 latter party omitting several points which would increase his estimate. For ; 
 heating and ventilating, the estimated cost is as follows : For boiler-house, . 
 setting boiler, and smoke-stack, 45 feet high, with sheet iron flue, same height, - 
 $620; for heating apparatus, including boiler and all necessary fixtures to in- 
 sure the heating of the whole building, $2,339.68, the latter estimate from Frost 
 Manufacturing Company, making the estimates, including all complete, amount ^ 
 to $17,959.68. 
 
 Your committee are of the opinion that the estimates presented are liberal, 
 and that the cost of contemplated improvement would not exceed estimates, but 
 competition in bidding for contract would materially reduce them. For reasons 
 given in our former report, and correspondence furnished us by the clerk, from ' . 
 our insane asylums, your committee feel the urgent necessity of putting the . 
 building under contract at once, as we are informed that it can be completed ; 
 by January i, 1877. -.^-.' v .' . ..:V::. ' 
 
 ; And we therefore would recommend that the plans and specifications, as 
 presented, be adopted, and that provision be made for the amount of money 
 necessary, at a low rate of interest, until our present tax can be levied and col- 
 lected, and that the clerk be directed to advertise for sealed proposals for build- 
 ing and heating, separate or combined, according to plan and specifications, for . 
 the space of 15 days. -^-. . '^v.x ..-';-: 'v. :.: v 
 
 ,-"\.v'- ::'''"'.'-..'''".'- 7/'^^-'V-''-'' ':;... D. M. ElKER, ''">:..:'.',' 
 
 'V "''. :' ';-^- '^ '.' '''^^^^'> .''':? V'-H'-'V '"'.-. '..^:'' J. S. CHAMBERS, ';'!'".:' 
 
 . -';'.-,,. :' '- .;': '^:--^ -^ ' .>:;'.:;;.::' 'v-:'^ '" G. V. DiETERICH, ^ ;-^ r:'':- ,; 
 
 ":.-:---;'-. -^'^ -"^/>/^'-- '-'S '-'-'' 'r.--:^- :-''-, ^ ''::! S. S. SrucKEY, v^':'': 'x';, ; 
 
 WILLIAM G. WEST. I :.' 
 : . On motion adjourned until half past one o'clock. ': ,: 
 
 Board met pursuant to adjournment. -<:. -- . . 
 
 The order of business being the special report of the committee on alms- 
 house and paupers. ' 
 
 Mr. Felt moved that the special report of the committee be accepted, adopted, 
 and its recommendations concurred in. Carried, and the clerk directed to ad- 
 vertise for proposals as contemplated by the report. . .' ^'^ 7. ''''^^'^^'f^-''^-'^:.^ ': 
 
 Mr. Eiker presented the following resolutions: ^; -'.;>;:;;. :>^;X^ ::-./: 
 
 Resolved, That when this board adjourn, it adjourn to meet on Monday, 
 August 2ist, for the purpose of opening bids for building addition to alms- 
 house, and the transaction of other business connected therewith, as may be 
 deemed necessary. ;" - . ; ';%;/:.; :-.'^:;..T.V 
 
 ; The yeas and nays being called, the resolution was adopted : 
 
 Yeas Messrs. Campbell, Felt, Gale, Brown, Chambers, Sisson, McFarland, ; 
 Barnett, Eiker, Woodmansee, Temple, Stuckey, Sloan, West and Mr. Chair- 
 man, 15. ^'. - '' '^ :' '.-''' '- -'' /y 
 
 V . Nays Messrs. Bates, Deatherage, Holyoke, Curtis, Swigart, England, Tuck- ^; 
 er and Gaines, 8. 
 
 August Special Meeting, 1876. Mr. Dieterich, from committee on alms- , 
 house, made the following report: 
 
 >v;;^;',.--',v'v .^._-4^-\\o;.' "'V '"v,;.:-'^'. ':-! '^4'i^:- GALESBURG, Aug. 2ist, 1876. .'i:^' ': 
 
 To the Honorable Board of Supervisors: 
 
 Your committee, to whom was submitted the duty of comparing bids made, '' 
 
198 ' HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY -'v}.^;;; ^ 
 
 for adding on an east wing of the Knox county almshouse, and the heating 
 apparatus necessary to the completion of old and the contemplated new build- 
 ing herewith report that, we have had the various bids under consideration, and 
 if we are to decide in favor of the bids made, on the basis of the plans and 
 specifications upon which the bids were made, we have decided in favor of 
 Stevens & Parry, whose bid is $16,250; but a bid has been presented by Parry 
 & Stevens, amounting to $17,400, which includes the largest sized boiler that 
 any of the bidders have named, and qualifies all and everything that may be 
 needed to the full completion of building and heating apparatus, including all 
 changes that may be conceived necessary for comfort and convenience, during 
 the progress of the building, without extra charge. We submit to the board 
 the two propositions, and ask that they consider and decide which of the two 
 propositions had best be accepted. As for ourselves, we recommend this lat- 
 ter proposition, and think it will be cheaper and more satisfactory, in the con- 
 clusion, than the first. . j 
 
 ; ; D. M. EiKER, 
 
 : . ; G. V. DiETERICH, 
 
 i ';:. . J. S. CHAMBERS, , 
 
 ..V'''i V ' ' S. S. STUCKEY, 
 
 WM. G. WEST. 
 
 On motion, the report of the committee was accepted. 
 
 Mr. Holyoke offered the following resolutions, which were adopted: 
 
 Resolved, That Messrs. Parry & Stevens be and are hereby awarded the con- 
 tract for the construction of the east wing and other improvements at the 
 Knox county almshouse, they having, in our judgment, made the lowest and 
 best bid for the same. 
 
 Resolved, That the almshouse committee be authorized and directed to 
 draw a contract with Messrs. Parry & Stevens, which shall specify all the 
 materials to be furnished and all the work to be performed; that no alterations 
 or additions be made which shall increase the expense above the contract price; 
 and that said committee be empowered to bind the county to pay the contract 
 price of $17,400 in monthly payments, not exceeding 85 per cent, on the work 
 done and the materials furnished during the month preceding. : j 
 
 Mr. Gale moved that the almshouse committee be authorized to employ 
 Zelotes Cooley, Esq., as superintendent of building. 
 
 Mr. Dieterich moved to amend by substituting the name of Mr. D. M. Eiker, 
 in place of Mr. Cooley. Lost. - - . ./. :L ^ V " / ;'r -' "^;''>-.. , ; i ^ .v- 
 
 Yeas Messrs. Campbell, Felt, Dieterich, Chambers, Barnett, Woodmansee, 
 Stuckey, Soles and Mr. Chairman, 9. 
 
 Nays Messrs. Gale, Brown, Sisson, Deatherage, McFarland, Holyoke^, Cur- 
 tis, England, Swigart, Temple, Sloan, West, Tucker and Gaines, 14, 
 
 The motion of Mr. Gale was then adopted. ,:,,;.;:. 
 
 It being intimated that Mr. Cooley might not accept the position of sup- 
 erintendent. 
 
 Mr. Holyoke moved, that if the committee cannot employ Mr. Cooley, that 
 they employ some other competent person as superintendent, who is not a 
 member of the committee. Adopted. : 
 
 January Meeting, 1877. Part of report of almshouse committee. 
 
HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY - :^: 199 
 
 4 We expected to be able to report the fact that the east wing, which is 
 under contract for building, had been completed and ready for use. In this 
 v" we have been disappointed, but in accordance with the expectations of the 
 builders, it will be ready for delivery in two weeks hence, and we suggest that 
 ; v^ Mr. Cooley examine the premises thoroughly before accepting the keys. 
 ' During the process of putting up the new part of the building, it was dis- 
 covered that some necessary repairs should be applied to the old building, in 
 '- order to protect it from decay, which has been done by order of the committee, 
 . r: after carefully weighing the importance of making the repairs. 
 - - : ;;: ;';;:;.'::/'. Respectfully submitted, .:- ^; :;:-;\;.. 
 
 "..:: .,-'' /'..--'.' .''- v!.^-:..---- : -''' \' ::':'-' ,r .; ;..->. D. M. ElKER, ' H"^^ 
 
 ''-.'.-.'.'. V ^: ' ''^' ' \- '':.''-':'''' '^^ ' C-ly-^^^'''''''^^^^^^^ G. V. DIETERICH, :^'^^''-;.; 
 
 , y"'^i: ."j, ;,:; ,. ; \^ !'. ( ' ; -^ 'C": ' :;; v\;'-;v ';/ -y;^-;? $' 'v- :; ^>- WM. G. WEST, --'"r: 
 .>;''"-'''-'' \ -'.''.'''/. V ';''/ ^v'- ' ''':.','-./';' r\:-.- ;;;' v^" J. S. CHAMBERS, ' -' -'v; 
 .':- ' ''\^- '.-. .:-'':^f^'.{:"-'--'-'~^- S. S. SXUCKEY. -" ' 
 
 On motion the report of committee was accepted and its recommendations 
 ; concurred in, and the clerk directed to issue orders in payment. 
 
 April Meeting, 1877. The following, taken from the report of the alms- 
 house committee submitted April 23rd, 1877, describes quite fully the condi- 
 tions then existing in regard to the almshouse which had recently been con- 
 structed: 
 
 From the exhibit herewith made of cost per week for each inmate since our 
 
 last meeting, a disparity between this and former reports upon the same, seems 
 
 :. startling, and if not cognizant of the causes of accountability for this dis- 
 
 parity, you might bring accusations of unnecessary extravagance having been 
 
 indulged in, in furnishing supplies for the place. If, however, we deduct from 
 
 the footing of the bill, all that pertains to furnishing materials for the full 
 
 equipment of the premises, and include the improvements that were actually 
 
 - necessary to be done, in order to protect the old part of the house from decay, 
 
 ',;; our exhibit per capita will not exceed the average of our former reports. 
 
 .; Your committee further report, that during the process of putting up the 
 
 T new wing of the building, the fact was made manifest that the original specifi- 
 
 : cations did not contemplate all that was necessary for adapting the premise to 
 
 comfort and convenience. Several changes and improvements were suggested 
 
 by Mrs. Cleveland, accepted by the committee, and executed by the contractors, 
 
 :.;- without additional expense to the- county, but at considerable expense to the 
 
 : - contractors. J', ^^\ ^ ^- - 
 
 : :f. -Your committee further submit, that the county of Knox has now a building. 
 
 ample in capacity for accommodating all of the pauper element, that will be 
 
 likely at any time to need county charity; and at the same time accommodate a 
 
 ' due proportion of those who are afflicted with lunacy or idiocy. 
 
 ,-.... The surrender of the new wing to the superintendent whom you appointed 
 
 . to supervise the work, and character of the material used in the construction of 
 
 -, the building, and from whom you will have a report, created the impression of 
 
 ,;;. disparity in appearance between the old and the new, that it stimulated Mrs. 
 
 :' Cleveland to give the old part a thorough renovating in order that harmony 
 
 . should be obtained at once, instead of deferring this part of the work to May, 
 
 --^ the usual period for cleaning up and making repairs, always needed when this 
 
200 HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY 
 
 duty is performed; and the expenses for which usually amount to three, and 
 sometimes four hundred dollars, and has always been reported at our July 
 meeting. This work being done, the expense of it is included in this report. 
 The premises are in commendable order, and our worthy matron will shirk no 
 duty incumbent upon her, to keep them continuously in praiseworthy condition. 
 In conclusion we submit that, in accordance with your instructions, we in- 
 sured the almshouse for the term of five years from the I5th day of January 
 last, to the amount of $30,000, and the furniture within the house to the extent 
 of $3,000, at two per cent, for the term or period of five years. 
 
 ' ' "',.;'. ' ' ' ' . '--^ ,'' / '",'-::'-.; D. M. EiKER, I.. ,:-..:; 
 
 ;''': . . '\ G. V. DiETERICH, V ; 
 
 WM. G. WEST. 
 
 The foregoing report, having been amended by the committee to conform to 
 resolution of Mr. Gale, adopted yesterday. 
 
 On motion of Mr. Gale, the report of the committee, as recorded, was ac- 
 cepted, and the clerk ordered to issue orders in payment of allowances made. 
 
 The almshouse committee presented the following report of Mr. Z. Cooley, 
 superintendent of building east wing of almshouse: 
 State of Illinois, I . \! -: : 
 
 Knox County, j ^^' 
 To the Honorable, the Board of Supervisors of said County: 
 
 The undersigned, who was appointed to superintend the building of the 
 addition to the Knox county almshouse, respectfully reports to your honorable 
 body, that the contractors, Messrs. Parry & Stevens, have erected and completed 
 said building in all respects as required by their contract, in accordance with 
 the plans and specifications, to the satisfaction of the undersigned in all re- 
 spects, except the plastering; which is owing to the very unfavorable weather 
 at the time when it was done, and when it had to be done in order that the 
 contractors might complete their building within the time they were required 
 to do so by their contract ; and that the county might have the use of the build- 
 ing during the past winter. The undersigned did not think that he ought to 
 require the contractors to delay their work until favorable weather for so doing, 
 and which there was then no prospect of until another season. Then the reason 
 that said plastering is not entirely satisfactory to the undersigned, is not that 
 the material used and the workmanship furnished was not good and sufficient, 
 but for the reason that at the time it was done and required to be done, it 
 was impossible to do or make a first-class job. The undersigned would further 
 report that upon an examination of said plastering during the past week, he 
 found it to be in a better condition than he had expected. That an expenditure 
 of from eight to ten dollars, whenever in the future the house required cleaning 
 and renovating, would remove most of the defects that now appear upon some 
 of the walls. The undersigned would further report that he has granted to 
 the contractors, Messrs. Parry & Stevens, to apply upon their said contract, 
 certificates for the sum of $17,300. All of which is respectfully submitted. 
 
 Z. COOLEY. 
 
 ' On motion of Mr. Eiker, the report of Mr. Cooley was accepted, and the 
 clerk directed to issue an order in favor of Parry & Stevens for the sum of 
 
f;;f ;;;;::. HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY ;;:^ ; 201 
 
 .7 one hundred dollars, in full payment of contract for building east wing of 
 . i almshouse. ; 
 
 : ;- Mr. Holyoke offered the following resolution, which was adopted: 
 .; " Resolved, That we endorse the action of the almshouse committee in all 
 ; the expenses incurred by the county in the renovation and repair of the old 
 . ;; building, and the furnishing of both old and new; and inasmuch as everything 
 about the almshouse is in first-rate order, we instruct the almshouse committee 
 to rest upon the laurels already won, and incur no more expenses at the aims- 
 house, except for subsistence and hired help; until the next meeting of the 
 board, unless absolutely necessary. . ; (_. 
 
 - April Meeting, 1878. Mr. Temple offered the following resolution: .:'.. 
 ' Resolved, That the almshouse committee be instructed when making their 
 report and pauper bills submitted to them, to report for payment only that 
 : .' . class of bills which by the rules heretofore and at present in force become 
 :',^ properly county charges. Vvy ' - : \: ,;^.^ 
 
 Mr. Sellon moved to amend rule in force relating to pauper claims by 
 
 , adding the following clause: 
 
 .. "Except in case where temporary, or partial support can be furnished by 
 ' the county at less expense than if removed to the almshouse." . 
 
 , . .; Mr. McKee moved to lay proposed addition to the rule on the table. Lost. 
 :' - Yeas Messrs. McKee, Sisson, Bair, Sumner, Higgins, Sloan and Tucker, 7. 
 Nays Messrs. Butler, Latimer, Gale (W. S.), Dieterich, Nelson, Hale, Mc- 
 ." } Farland, Eiker, Robson, Stephenson, Benson, Aldrich, Temple, Multer, West, 
 V. ^ Gaines and Sellon, 17. ;i^;:;^ 
 
 ;. The motion of Mr. Sellon was then adopted, and it was ordered that the 
 '.-, rule as amended be published with the proceedings of the board. 
 ' ' The rule as amended reads: -:..- 
 
 ' Resolved, That it is the duty of the several overseers of the poor in this 
 ' county to remove to the almshouse all persons requiring relief from the county, 
 : except in the following cases : ,-.,.., .. - ., .-^.. 
 
 ; Persons having some contagious disease. ' ' ^'^ V^;> 
 
 Persons whose health will be endangered by removal. :/;' i;- 
 
 :. .Persons not residents of the county requiring only slight aid. . = / v-^ .': -V 
 
 Cases, where temporary or partial support can be furnished by the county, 
 
 ; at less expense than if removed to the almshouse. 
 
 ; And that the county will not be responsible for relief given outside of alms- 
 ;. house, except in above cases. :.' : 
 
 .' ;- July Meeting, 1878. Mr. Hale offered the following resolution: 
 ; '". ' That a committee of three be appointed to devise some means of adequate 
 , protection from fire for the Knox county almshouse property and report to the 
 ,. ,;. next regular meeting of this board. 
 
 ,;":. That before the next regular meeting of this board the superintendent of 
 . ; - the Knox county almshouse be instructed to discontinue the practice of smoking 
 
 ' tobacco by the inmates of said institution. 
 
 ' .J That before the next regular meeting of the board the superintendent of the 
 ; Knox county almshouse, be instructed to discontinue the habitual use of opium 
 .' . in any form by the inmates of said institution. ; i . KL.';;- 
 
 V , . ^ , On motion referred to committee on almshouse and paupers. -. vV. v . . 
 
202 HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY ;'.>- V 
 
 ---.'. 1 ' ' V / 
 
 September Meeting, 1878. Mr. Hale from special committee in regard to 
 securing almshouse property from damage of fire, by permission, presented the 
 following report : 
 
 GALESBURG, 111., Sept. lo, 1878. ' 
 To the Honorable Board of Supervisors of Knox County: -"V 
 
 Your special committee, appointed at the last regular session of this board, 
 to devise some means of adequate protection from fire for the Knox county 
 almshouse property beg leave to report that they have given some consideration 
 to the subject matter referred to them. 
 
 They report that they find the premises at present almost wholly without 
 means of extinguishment of a fire if one should occur. They recommend that 
 water tanks of suitable size, and adapted to the purpose designed, be placed in 
 the attics of the two wings of the building, and elsewhere if found necessary, 
 to be kept constantly filled with water, and with necessary reels of hose on 
 each floor and with convenient means of attachment with the standing pipes, as 
 a tolerable means of extinguishment of fires in case of their occurrence. They 
 recommend that your committee (or such other committee as you shall appoint), 
 be authorized to employ Zelotes Cooley, Esq., or some other competent person, 
 to prepare and submit a plan in detail for carrying out the foregoing recommenda- 
 tions, with an estimate of the probable cost, to be submitted to this board, at its 
 next regular session. 
 
 All of which is respectfully submitted. -'' ' ' : 
 
 ,..'>..':'- ../''' '' ' . .'' ' '' -. ' T. J. HALE, 
 
 :' ..::---^^';.-- ^ ,' / ''^-- '.. '. I' ''.--.'-'' D. M. ElKER, 
 
 D. VV. ALDRICH. 
 
 On motion the report of the committee was accepted and adopted. 
 
 Mr. Eiker from committee on almshouse read report of county physician, and 
 on motion of Mr. Hale said report was received and ordered to be printed with 
 the proceedings of the board. . , 
 
 To the Honorable Board of Supervisors of Kno.v County, Illinois. 
 
 GENTLEMEN : I would respectfully report for the information of the people 
 of the county that there are at present io6 inmates in the Knox county aims- 
 house. Of this number 25 are insane. The capacity of the house for the proper 
 care of this class of persons is limited by the number of properly prepared 
 rooms. Of these there are only 23. While some of this class may, with safety, be 
 permitted to enjoy the free range of the common wards in the day time, there 
 is not one that can be trusted at liberty during the night. Common humanity 
 requires that this class be restricted in their liberty as little as possible, com- 
 patible with their safety, the safety of the house and the safety of others. When 
 it is considered what devices such persons will resort to for the purpose of 
 greater freedom of action, it is not to be wondered at that escapes will occur. 
 They do occur at asylums, where every safeguard known to hospital manage- 
 ment is in force, and the wonder is they do not occur more frequently from our 
 almshouse, where the means for the absolute safety of the inmates is so limited. 
 This class is progressively increasing in number. They are being sent back 
 from the insane hospital as incurable ; the County court continues to send them 
 till arrangements are made for their reception at the asylum, which reception 
 generally turns on the demand that some of the county's representatives at the 
 
 :--.',;' -ivV . ' - , ,.' ' .' . "' . -. ' ,',- -'';--'- ;'/'. .;' 4 '':;' 
 
^r r :> :; HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY ; 7;^'; 203 
 
 asylum be removed back to the county almshouse. This interchange of recently 
 insane for incurable insane has been going on between the almshouse and insane 
 asylum for now these several years. The records of Knox county do not 
 show a return at all commensurate with the expense of hospital treatment. 
 Of the numerous cases sent to the state hospitals, how many have returned cured ? 
 The gentlemen of the board can each answer for himself and for his own town- 
 ship. The function of the state asylums, it seems, is principally the safe care 
 of the insane, and this care should not be limited by the mere fact that a 
 "county's quota" is full, any more than the care of the almshouse should be 
 limited by the mere fact that one or two townships furnish the larger number 
 of inmates, some townships not being represented at all. This is a reason, we 
 understand, that the asylum authorities give for not promptly receiving those 
 recently adjudged insane. If now Knox county's quota is more than full at the 
 asylum, the capacity of the almshouse is more than exhausted, and other pro- 
 visions must soon be provided for this unfortunate class of our citizens; and no 
 apology is needed if I present in this connection some statistics bearing upon .- 
 the expense of furnishing the protection. 
 
 From a paper read by Dr. Wilbur of New York before the American Social 
 Science Association in September, 1877, it appears that the cost of the building 
 alone of twenty insane asylums in the United States was $19,506,000. Number 
 of insane provided for by these twenty asylums, 9,875. Furniture and other 
 appliances are not included in the above estimate. The per capita cost is more 
 than $2,000. But one Illinois asylum was included in the above estimate. The 
 cost of it was put down at $534,000 with a capacity of 450, making it $1,186.66 
 per capita. Fstimating the cost of the Knox county almshouse at $50,000, with 
 an average family of 75, the cost per capita is only $666. Showing a very decided 
 economy in the county taking care of its own incurable insane. Whether it is 
 generally known or not, there has been between ten and twelve million dollars 
 uselessly expended in the construction of state hospitals, of such a character that 
 one-half of the insane of the country might be luxuriously taken care of while 
 the other half are insecurely kept in almshouses. And here I might state that it 
 is the judgment of those qualified to give an opinion in the case, that the insane 
 and sane paupers should not be kept together; that is, separate buildings should 
 be provided for each. .-. 
 
 In addition to the 25 insane in the almshouse there are 25 idiots. These 
 patients, when the idiocy does not depend upon epilepsy, might very well be kept 
 with the sane poor. Since the last annual meeting (September, 1877) there have 
 been but five deaths: .:' - -: -;;.H; :. ' ' - : 
 
 Intemperance and old age 90 years .; 
 
 Epilepsy 70 years ; 
 
 Bright's disease 49 years 
 
 Consumption 35 years 
 
 Cholera inf antum and congenital syphilis 3 months 
 
 There has been in the same time three births. The superintendent has pro- 
 vided a register and library fund book for the use of visitors who may feel 
 disposed to contribute anything towards providing reading matter for the family. 
 This fund has already secured the regular reception of several magazines and ^'. 
 enabled the superintendent to purchase quite a number of useful and enter- 
 
204 HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY ;-V;.; 
 
 taining books for the family. The Library is indebted to Mr. Cephas Arms of 
 Knoxville for some twenty or twenty-five volumes, Judge Douglas and daughter 
 of Galesburg have the thanks of the family for numerous volumes of the "Ladies 
 
 Repository." The First National bank of Knoxville has continued its contribu- 
 tion of files of the Chicago dailies. For all these favors the family desires, 
 through me, to extend its thanks. 
 
 It remains for me to report on the resolution of the board, at its last meet- 
 ing, in respect to the discontinuance of the habitual use of opium in any form 
 by the inmates of the almshouse. Before the passage of the resolution I had 
 made several attempts to reduce the amount used. Every reduction I made was 
 : ascribed by the patients to some "grudge" the superintendent or physician had 
 against them, so I availed myself of a semi-permission, on the part of some mem- 
 
 bers of the board, to continue the usual allowance, till the present meeting 
 with the full understanding of the patients that it would then positively and 
 abruptly stop. Any subterfuge on the part of the habitual opium eater, in order 
 to obtain the drug, is considered honorable and here, as the last supply has run 
 short, certain plans have been resorted to. One of the patients, after boasting 
 
 that he was cured, was caught at the medicine case helping himself from the 
 laudanum bottle. He states that he has had no morphine from the county for 
 six weeks. To your physician's personal knowledge he has had two drachm 
 bottles of morphine in this time, his full amount. 
 
 We can see no more reason why opium intoxication should be permitted at 
 the almshouse than alcoholic intoxication; and we are thankful to the board 
 that it has assumed the responsibility of forbidding its continuance, in this way 
 relieving us of unjust censure on the part of the patients. , ., , 
 
 Respectfully, . . ; 1 ; 
 
 O^'-: t '-'' M. A. McCLELLAND. 
 
 Mr. Gale presented a resolution directing the almshouse committee to adver- 
 tise for supplies for that institution. Referred to committee on almshouse and 
 paupers. 
 
 January, 1879. Mr. Hale, from special committee to whom was referred the 
 subject of protection to the almshouse from fire, presented the following report: 
 To the Honorable Board of Supervisors of Knox County: 
 
 Your committee, heretofore appointed to inquire into and report upon the 
 practicability and expense of providing some adequate protection from loss and 
 casualty from fire in the Knox county almshouse and by subsequent resolution, 
 authorized to employ Zelotes Cooley, Esq., to examine the several plans proposed, 
 and report the result, with the probable expense of the plan recommended, beg 
 leave to submit the following report from Mr. Cooley, in compliance with the 
 foregoing resolution, towit: 
 State of Illinois, ) ' ; ; - .' -V-, ,: / 
 
 y ss. ' * 
 
 Knox County, j ' . . 
 
 To the Honorable Board of Supertnsors of Kno.r County, Illinois. 
 
 The undersigned, to whom was referred the matter of providing some suitable 
 plan for the protection of the county almshouse from destruction by fire, re- 
 spectfully report: That he made an examination of the building for that pur- 
 pose, and after considering the matter would recommend that the two water 
 tanks now in the building be used for that purpose, with an additional tank, to 
 
V::: :}.;; ;;;;^ HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY :^c : 205 
 
 be placed as near the center of the building as can be, with a capacity equal to 
 the other two tanks in the building, all these tanks I would connect by suitable 
 pipes running from each tank to the basement story of the building, connecting 
 with a horizontal pipe running east and west from the west tank to the east 
 one; from the horizontal pipe I would have three stand pipes, one in each wing 
 of the building, and the other near the center east and west, running up through 
 both stories, making three places in each story for discharging the water. It 
 would require something like one hundred and twenty-five feet of hose pipe for 
 each story. From such information as I have been able to obtain, I think that 
 the cost of the works complete, would be about three hundred dollars. ;!; 
 
 . , ; ; . Respectfully submitted, -, - ,>' . 
 
 Z. CooLEY. " 
 
 Your committee have examined the plan submitted in the foregoing report 
 and deem it practicable, and the probable expenses reasonable ; and recommend 
 that the said plan be adopted, and that the undersigned committee be authorized 
 and instructed to superintend the construction and erection of said improve- 
 ment, with such authority to make purchases, and employ assistants and perform 
 other acts as shall be necessary in the execution of the duty imposed upon them.- ' 
 All of which is respectfully submitted. > '=-V:. ,,--' ; . '- '-^ ' 
 
 :: , . , ; ...;. ....-, - , :.::, , - ^.. : ;;.... -? 'KV^ ^"^^'f' /^ ' :' T. J. HALE,' ' '' -;. ;f;^'- 
 ''\'.''-'.'-'^'''i','. V -^ . '' /'^ ':';-. ^--v>r.-"='- ^':?vi'""/^; :!. "';/. D. W. ALDRICH,""' :' 
 .-'--''''''' ' -'''^^'"'^^'^.^'- -^."-. .--: -v':-^ :.:.-. -:^^ D. M. ElKER. ;; 
 
 Messrs. Eiker, Higgins, Temple, West and Gaines entered. . ' - 
 
 On motion of Mr. W. S. Gale the report of the committee was accepted and 
 
 adopted. . . r .n- - .:, 
 
 Mr. Butler offered the following resolution: " ' ' ' ''"' 
 
 Resolved, That in place and stead of all rules now in force in this board 
 relating to pauper claims, the following be adopted: ' , 
 
 Resolved, That it is the duty of the several overseers of the poor in this 
 county to remove to the almshouse all persons requiring relief from the county, 
 except in the following cases : 
 
 ' 1st. Persons having some contagious disease.-;/:';;:;' ': :f:';' '^ 
 
 2nd. Persons too sick to be removed. ,;...;;;.;' ::, '- '-^'y* - '^ 
 
 And that the county will not be responsible for relief given outside of the 
 almshouse, except in the above cases, and then only when the relief has been 
 ordered by the overseer of the poor of the town where the relief is given. 
 ,' The yeas and nays being demanded, resulted: ; '. ^^. 
 
 Yeas Messrs. Butler, Latimer, Gale (G. W.), Gale (W. S.), Dieten'ch, 
 Nelson, Sisson, McFarland, Sumner, Eiker, Higgins, Robson, Stephenson. Ben- 
 son, Aldrich, VVyman, Temple, Andrews, Corey, West, Tucker, Gaines and 
 
 Sellon 23. ':;'-'- X ..' ^-^^'^"''^'^i' .''-;' ,^X'';'''^^,'^'^-:.'- -i^'-/ 
 
 'Nays None. .'.--i^ ^'i-'--; v ',- '.- '.vi'- ' /^^ >'v:V..-':^^r "^ ' /^'."XliS'^^V-V'-' 
 
 Resolution adopted. 
 
 April Meeting, 1879. Mr. Hale from special committee on protection to the 
 almshouse from fire presented the following rfeport: 
 To the Honorable Board of Supervisors of Knox County. . :-;-.. .r'/v;. 
 
 The undersigned committee heretofore appointed to contract for and super- 
 
206 HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY -/.^^ :: 
 
 intend the construction of an approved plan for protection from fire in the Knox 
 county almshouse, beg leave to report: 
 
 That acting under the authority conferred upon them they employed the 
 Haxtun Steam Heating Company of Kewanee, 111., to construct and place in 
 the said building such an apparatus as was approved by the said board, at the 
 January meeting, 1879, by contract accpmpanying this report, for the sum of 
 $335; that the said contractors have constructed and placed the said apparatus 
 in the said building, but that up to this date it has not been perfected so as to be 
 accepted by the committee. They recommend that the sum of $338.41 (of which 
 sum $3.41 is for extra materials not covered by the contract) be appropriated to 
 the payment for said improvements, to be paid over to the contractors when the 
 said work and apparatus shall be complete and perfect according to contract 
 and accepted by this committee. 
 
 All of which is respectfully submitted. ' '. .:.''... 
 
 :,-.--.v.-.-;. -- . ' . :,..; :'/'' ^ T. J. HALE, 
 
 " .^/;'-^-':-"/ ' - .. ^ '; '\ ;-.;' '" D. M. ElKER, 
 
 ',';:';:':'"- - -' : /. '':'-^-';" ^'---^ ;::;:''.:'; D. W. ALDRICH, '" " .'- . 
 > -'i -:"'' Committee. - '' 
 
 On motion the report of the committee was accepted and its recommendations 
 concurred in. 
 
 Mr. Eiker moved to amend rules governing aid rendered to paupers by 
 adding an additional exception, as follows: 
 
 3rd. Persons not resident in the town where aided. -. -- - 
 - Amendment adopted. .. ., ., " 
 
 The rules as amended read : 
 
 Resolved, That in place and stead of all rules now in force in this board 
 relating to pauper claims the following be adopted : 
 
 . .:. Resolved, That it is the duty of the several overseers of the poor in this 
 county to remove to the almshouse all persons requiring relief from the county, 
 except in the following cases: 
 
 1st. Persons having some contagious disease. ';.<,:.-.; 
 
 2nd. Persons too sick to be removed. ,'.'.'; - : 
 - 3rd. Persons not resident in the town where aided. ' . 
 
 And that the county will not be responsible for relief given outside of the 
 almshouse, except in the above cases, and then onlv when the relief has been 
 ordered by the overseer of the poor of the town where the relief is given. 
 
 July Meeting, 1879. Communication of Mrs. L. J. Cleveland. :'/:. 1. ; , .. 
 To the Honorable Almshouse Committee and Board of Supervisors. 
 
 GENTLEMEN : Your superintendent would respectfully submit the following 
 report. Since your last meeting there have been I37i/^ individual weeks board 
 furnished at a cost of $1.09, not including improvements and repairs; and 
 $1.57 including all expenses incurred in operating the institution and farm. At 
 present there are 103 inmates, 59 males and 44 females. Of this number 25 are 
 over 60 years of age, 14 over 70 and 4 over 80, and 12 children under lo. 
 Of the above number 29 are insane, 22 idiotic. There have been no births and 
 but one death, which was that of the oldest member of the family. We are 
 under obligation to Rev. Mr. Waddle and Deacon Arms for conducting the 
 funeral services. 
 
'-:-^.\-^^::'::^y^^^ HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY ^\:^ ": 207 
 
 c Through the kindness of the Presbyterian clergy and laymen, and the Swedish 
 clergy of Knoxville, the inmates have the advantage of religious instruction 
 almost every sabbath, and generous benefactors have furnished them with a 
 sufficient supply of reading matter. 
 
 The usual amount of repairing, plastering, kalsomining, painting and paper- 
 ing, with the addition of replacing three stone window cappings, has been done ; 
 also considerable cane matting has been furnished. However, it requires con- 
 stant renewing and repairing to preserve the building, and keep the institution 
 in a good condition. Unfortunately the house is not properly constructed to 
 care for and treat insane patients. Those who are safe to be at liberty have 
 free range of the wards and yard during the day; those that are not safe to be 
 so left are taken out three times a day by an attendant and exercised. Constant 
 attention is given to cleanliness, patients being bathed as often as necessary. 
 This is not all that ought to be done, but all that can be done with the present 
 arrangements. There are a few of the patients who are very destructive, and 
 for the purpose of restraining them at such times we use Fisher's patent leather 
 muffs, otherwise they would destroy all within their reach. 
 
 In respect to the purchasing of supplies the same course has been pursued as 
 heretofore; bids have been solicited from numerous dealers, and the purchases 
 have been made from those who furnished the best goods for the least money. 
 
 Believing a visit by the board to the institution would be advantageous to the 
 citizens of the county I extend a cordial invitation to your honorable body to 
 visit the house and farm during the present meeting. 
 
 .' ;._ .-j'J '' .; ;-;'';/-^ :'':..'_ \:.^ }'' Respectfully, ':.;'.' J-'-f'^^-:^ 
 
 : MRS. L. J. CLEVELAND. ' "' 
 
 Communication of M. A. McClelland. . , '. 
 
 To the Honorable Board of Supervisors of Knox County. ----- = ' . 
 
 GENTLEMEN : During the past three months there have been eighteen admis- 
 sions to the almshouse. With the exception of four children, all of these have 
 been more or less sick. One, a tramp, was dangerously so, and is not likely 
 to recover. Repeated attacks of pleurisy have resulted in the exudation of pus 
 in the pleural cavity. Two of the recent admissions have left the house; the 
 others remain. One, coming in with a comeal ulcer and purulent inflammation 
 of the eyes, was sent as soon as she could be got ready to the state eye and 
 ear infirmary. The corneal ulceration had commenced but ten days before her 
 admission, and, being over center of pupil, there seemed a probability that, after 
 healing, there would be such an amount of opacity left that permanent blindness 
 and permanent pauperism would follow. This seemed a sufficient reason for 
 sending her to Chicago. While your physician is perhaps as competent as any 
 other general practitioner in the county to treat diseases of the eye, he does not 
 pretend to the skill possessed by the surgeons in charge of the state hospital for 
 diseases of the eye and ear. Inasmuch as the only cost for treatment at the state 
 hospital is the railroad fare to and from Chicago, I would strongly recommend 
 that such patients be sent direct from several towns, rather than sending them 
 to the almshouse, as being much cheaper, and also affording the patient a better 
 chance for recovery, from early treatment. An affidavit from the patient as to his 
 being a pauper, and a certificate from the supervisor that the patient is one. is 
 all that is necessary to insure admission to the hosptial. The return ticket 
 
208 HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY 
 
 should be sent to the superintendent, so that, in case of fire or any epidemic 
 disease occuring, the patient may be prpmptly returned to the county. A complete 
 change of clothing is also required. The patient above referred to was treated 
 last winter, as an out-door patient ; but from that attack and a prior one she had 
 entirely recovered. ' '- '- ' ' -' /' ': . v^V. -I 
 
 Of the recent admissions, one is alleged to be insane; yet no steps have 
 been taken to have him so pronounced by the legally constituted authorities. 
 He is being held by the superintendent at the risk of those who brought him 
 to the almshouse. There is probably no doubt as to his condition, but this 
 should have been determined before he was sent to the house. 
 
 There is another case a man about 30 years of age sent in January last 
 to the house, to wait for admission to the insane hospital. If it falls within the 
 jurisdiction of the sheriff to convey such parties to the asylum, he had better 
 keep them under his own control and observation till such transference is made. 
 The patient might, in this way, get the benefit of earlier treatment, which is most 
 valuable in insanity as in other diseases. 
 
 Within the past few weeks there has come into the hands of your physician 
 the report of the state board of public charities (Repoit for 1878), which would 
 make rather valuable reading for many citizens of the county, whose deductions 
 as to the relative cost and manner of keeping paupers in various parts of the 
 state are quite at variance with the facts. In respect to one county that has been 
 held up as a model for us the report says: "This county has never treated its 
 insane well. Two of the present inmates, who are insane, have been shut up 
 for seventeen years. One was kept for many years in chains. They are not 
 properly cared for in respect to cleanliness." It falls within the province of the 
 superintendent and the honorable almshouse committee to report how such 
 patients are kept in Knox county. I might say, however, that the "model" 
 county although five townships smaller, and with 500 less population (census 
 of 1870) than Knox county had, from the ist day of October, 1877, to the 
 3Oth day of September, 1878, 17,645 days' board at the different state institutions, 
 while Knox county had but 13,823 a difference of 3,822 days' board. The 
 outdoor relief also varies greatly. At a late meeting of the board of super- 
 visors there were 641 persons aided from the county treasury. The farm in 
 this county contains nearly 200 acres, and the family averages below eighty. 
 When, therefore, comparisons are made for the purpose of putting the man- 
 agement of the Knox county charities in an unfavorable light, it would be nothing 
 more than justice to make the comparison a complete one by taking some pains 
 to learn all the facts bearing upon the case. ;"'.-''- I -; \ .; 
 
 Respectfully, .;. v 
 
 '' : ^ - ^J ^ McCLELLAND. 
 
 September Meeting, 1880. Mr. Gale (G. W.) offered the following resolu- 
 tion, which was adopted: ; ; : ^i^./ -;;';. j:-:^-,:r-).= - 
 
 Resolved, That upon certificate of the chairman of the almshouse committee 
 that the work has been completed and accepted by the committee, the clerk be 
 directed to issue orders in favor of Merrill & Wilber for $iio, being the bal- 
 ance due them for work, repairing basement and building coal house at aims- 
 house. ..- : :. , - 
 
 Mr. Gale (G. W.) offered the following resolution: :'.. 
 
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208 ; HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY 
 
 should be sent to the superintendent, so that, in case of fire or any epidemic 
 disease occuring, the patient may be promptly returned to the county. A complete 
 change of clothing is also required. The patient above referred to was treated 
 last winter, as an out-door patient; but from that attack and a prior one she had 
 entirely recovered. . 
 
 Of the recent admissions, one is alleged to be insane; yet no steps have 
 been taken to have him so pronounced by the legally constituted authorities. 
 He is being held by the superintendent at the risk of those who brought him 
 to the almshouse. There is probably no doubt as to his condition, but this 
 should have been determined before he was sent to the house. 1 
 
 There is another case a man about 30 years of age sent in January last 
 to the house, to wait for admission to the insane hospital. If it falls within the 
 jurisdiction of the sheriff to convey such parties to the asylum, he had better 
 keep them under his own control and observation till such transference is made. 
 The patient might, in this way, get the benefit of earlier treatment, which is most 
 valuable in insanity as in other diseases. 
 
 Within the past few weeks there has come into the hands of your physician 
 the report of the state board of public charities (Report for 1878), which would 
 make rather valuable reading for many citizens of the county, whose deductions 
 as to the relative cost and manner of keeping paupers in various parts of the 
 state are quite at variance with the facts. In respect to one county that has been 
 held up as a model for us the report says : "This county has never treated its 
 insane well. Two of the present inmates, who are insane, have been shut up 
 for seventeen years. One was kept for many years in chains. They are not 
 properly cared for in respect to cleanliness." It falls within the province of the 
 superintendent and the honorable almshouse committee to report how such 
 patients are kept in Knox county. I might say, however, that the "model" 
 county although five townships smaller, and with 500 less population (census 
 of 1870) than Knox county had, from the ist day of October, 1877, to the 
 30th day of September, 1878, 17,645 days' board at the different state institutions, 
 while Knox county had but 13,823 a difference of 3,822 days' board. The 
 outdoor relief also varies greatly. At a late meeting of the board of super- 
 visors there were 641 persons aided from the county treasury. The farm in 
 this county contains nearly 200 acres, and the family averages below eighty. 
 When, therefore, comparisons are made for the purpose of putting the man- 
 agement of the Knox county charities in an unfavorable light, it would be nothing 
 more than justice to make the comparison a complete one by taking some pains 
 to learn all the facts bearing upon the case. . | .. 
 
 Respectfully, ' ' 
 
 ' ' M. A, McCLELLAND. 
 
 September Meeting, 1880. Mr. Gale (G. W.) offered the following resolu- 
 tion, which was adopted : ' . I . 
 
 Resolved, That upon certificate of the chairman of the almshouse committee 
 that the work has been completed and accepted by the committee, the clerk be 
 directed to issue orders in favor of Merrill & Wilber for $iio, being the bal- 
 ance due them for work, repairing basement and building coal house at aims- 
 house. . ^ . 
 
 Mr. Gale (G. W.) offered the following resolution: . ^ 
 
J. 
 
 c 
 
 E. 
 
. :^ HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY ^'i 209 
 
 Resolved, That the purchase of tobacco by the county for use by the inmates 
 of the almshouse and jail be discontinued. : .... 
 
 Yeas and nays being called : 
 
 Yeas Messrs. Boydston, Kimball, Gale (G. W.), Gale (W. S.), Dieterich, 
 McKee, Morse, Rankin, May, Stephenson, Rebstock, Corey and Tucker, 13. - 
 Nays Messrs. McFarland, Simpson, Woodmansee, Leighton, Mathews, Sans- 
 bury and Todd, 7. Carried. 
 
 January Meeting, 1882. Mr. Robson offered the following resolution, which 
 ..was adopted: 
 
 Resolved, That in place and stead of all orders now in force relating to 
 pauper claims, the following be adopted: .=^. 
 
 Resolved, That the county will not be responsible for relief given to persons 
 ; having contagious diseases. 
 
 - Resolved, That it is the duty of the several overseers of the poor of the 
 ./; county to remove to the almshouse all persons requiring relief from the county, 
 :.' except in the following cases: . . .; . ,. , 
 
 : 1st. Persons not resident in the town where aided. . . r. . :>.;V. 
 
 2nd. Persons too sick to be removed. . . : . - . .; 
 
 And the county will not be responsible for relief given outside the almshouse, 
 "except in the above cases, and then only when relief has been ordered by the 
 overseer of the poor in the town where the relief is given. 
 
 Mr. May moved that the overseer of the poor of the city of Galesburg 
 shall receive from the county a sum not exceeding three hundred dollars per 
 : annum for his services. Adopted. .-,': 
 
 ; Adjourned Meeting, August 6, 1883. Mr. Charles read the following report 
 ' of the committee on almshouse and paupers on almshouse proper : 
 
 We desire to call attention to the fact that we have not sufficient accommoda- 
 . tion for our insane at the county almshouse and would recommend the appoint- 
 : ment of a committee to take the matter into consideration and report at our next 
 meeting.. . . . .... j ;--.;.-.-. ..^/ ... v 
 
 '..:'',j> -'iV:;^ A. G. CHARLES, 
 
 ..>-/'. ''- : ',^.'-"''":. r^' ^'-\l^-v- C ':''':'--''.'' 'fV ''."'' ?'-^!;.-.' J. A. FREDRICKS, 
 ;-":- . . .^\' ;.- ^"'^..'c. v'''-^';--: .^,: -'';'-;. V/V''-'',.%'^-''V'V M. B. HARDEN, 
 
 ' ' D. GREENLEAF. 
 
 Mr. Gale moved that the report be adopted and its recommendations con- 
 curred in, except the last clause pertaining to increased accommodations at the 
 almshouse. Carried. . _: . . 
 
 Mr. Gale moved that the matter pertaining to the increased accommodations 
 at the almshousp be referred to the committee on almshouse and paupers. 
 
 Mr. Charles moved to amend by adding Mr. Hale and Mr. Gale to the 
 committee. : r. r . v ^ -' 
 
 The motion as amended was adopted. 
 
 September Meeting, 1883. A communication from the state board of public 
 charities in regard to increased accommodation for the insane was read and 
 referred to same committee. 
 
 . Mr. Charles read the following report of the committee to whom was re- 
 ferred the matter of providing increased accommodations for the insane: 
 
 Vol. 114 
 
210 HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY ; ;.^ , ^ 
 
 To the Honorable Board of Supervisors. >,..,, v 
 
 Your special committee, to whom was referred the matter of increased 
 accommodations for the insane at the almshouse, beg leave to report that after 
 inquiry, we find there are in the almshouse thirty-three insane patients. With 
 the exception of three or four they are easily managed. We learn that the state, 
 acting under a bill appropriating nearly $500,000, is now making accommodations 
 for about fourteen hundred patients in addition to those already provided for, 
 which will allow our county an additional quota of about sixteen. 
 
 Your committee are of opinion that when the accommodations above referred 
 to are completed there will be ample room at our almshouse for all that may 
 remain. 
 
 We, therefore, recommend that no action be taken at the present in the 
 matter of making further accommodations for the insane. 
 'V^'V'^: Respectfully submitted, v^V;-'^^ '^ -'! ' 
 
 ; -iiv;; ' A.G.CHARLES, i, v' M. B. HARDEN, ; 
 
 iV, : J. A. FREDRICKS, T. J. HALE, - 
 
 W. SELDEN GALE. 
 
 On motion of Mr. Eiker, said report was accepted and its recommendations 
 concurred in. ; : . . ' ", I \;^''; : 
 
 January, 1890. The hour for the consideration of the report of the special 
 committee on care of the insane having arrived, the report was called up, and 
 on motion of Mr. Simpson the report was adopted and its recommendations 
 concurred in by the board. ' ^ ''-'' '->"::,v-'^Y 
 
 The following is the report: i" . 
 
 BOARD OF SUPERVISORS, JANUARY TERM, 1890. 
 
 The committee appointed to consider the provision to be made for the insane 
 beg leave to report: 
 
 . . In making their investigation they have visited the state institutions at Jack- 
 sonville and Kankakee and the county houses in neighboring counties, where 
 provision has recently been made for the county insane. After advising with 
 the superintendents of these institutions, examining buildings and equipment, 
 and giving attention to the methods of management, they consulted Mr. I. A. 
 Coleman, the architect of the state buildings now in progress of construction, and 
 after conference and consultation with him on the ground at the almshouse, 
 employed him to furnish plans and estimates of cost, which they herewith sub- 
 mit. The plans are for a building three stories in height, to correspond with 
 the present almshouse building, attached to the west wing by a corridor adapted 
 to use in connection with the almshouse, under the same superintendent, using 
 in common the present offices, kitchen, laundry and heating apparatus to ac- 
 commodate forty patients and to be constructed as nearly fire-proof as possible 
 with reasonable outlay. .'-'-..' 
 
 . The committee find it impossible to determine with any certainty the number 
 of patients the county will be called upon to provide for. It has been the declared 
 policy of the state to provide for all the insane, others as well as those who are 
 a public charge. The provision made by the state has never been quite adequate, 
 and the additions made from time to time have been exceeded by the increase in 
 applicants. This county has always been obliged to care for some of the insane 
 
iv ;:v V ' ' HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY 7v:n 211 ;V 
 
 poor, and has also sheltered some who were not paupers, but who could neither 
 get admittance into the state asylums nor be properly cared for at home. v;^ 
 
 Six years ago some provision to be made by the county seemed imperative, .v 
 but about that time the state institutions were very much enlarged, the quota ~ ' 
 of this county was increased and as some counties were slow in calling for the ^^ . 
 accommodations they were entitled to, this county was permitted to send patients ' . 
 in excess of its quota, and was for the time relieved. At the present time all ,; ' 
 the state institutions appear to be crowded and this county is called on to remove ' 
 all its patients in excess of its quota. , 
 
 .:' Provision has been made for an increase of capacity of three asylums of - 
 300 each, an addition of nearly 25 per cent to the present capacity of all the ; ; 
 asylums. This will not be available before 1891. In the meantime the census . - 
 for 1890 will afford a new basis for apportionment, and the advantage this '.- 
 county might gain will be to a large extent neutralized by the excessive com- v 
 parative growth of Cook county. ; . ;..; ; no.-. : - 
 
 While Knox county is one of the few that has, since the last census, mater- : 
 ially added to its population, it is quite certain its growth has been in a less ratio 
 than that of the whole state. Cook county included. 
 
 If the number of the insane contirtues to increase with the increase of popula- ./ 
 tion (and for years past the increase of insane seems relatively greater), there .' . 
 will be an increased pressure, only to be relieved by additional provision to be .- . 
 made by the state, except so far as some relief may be had by change of basis ;^^;'.' 
 of apportionment./ ^i^^ : : ^-^' ; ;x';''^: - 
 
 The apportionment is now made among counties according to population. ;v 
 It may hereafter be fixed according to the number of insane. If, as seems to be t. : 
 the case, the insane in this county are usually numerous compared with the .. . 
 population, we may realize some greater increase of quota in the next appor- " 
 tionment. ;.*-ri- ; . .^:; 
 
 That such change of basis will be made is not certain. Nor is it certain 
 the state will continue to extend its asylums. The opinion may prevail that it ;: 
 is better to leave the several counties to provide each for itself for any further 
 increase. And it may be well to say that after what the committee have learned l-:'-'.^'. 
 of the methods of management in the state asylums and the county houses, their '/ 
 opinions on this subject are modified, and they believe, that, while as a general .; .. 
 rule, a more careful management of public funds may be expected from county ;;-- 
 boards than from state officials, yet in the provision for and care of the insane 
 the best results are to be hoped for when the institution is sufficiently large to : 
 afford and secure the highest education and talent in the management and the , 
 most thoroughly trained and competent assistants, and when the outlay in 
 construction and equipment will be in the hands of those who have made the 
 matter a special study. ; -. . 
 
 But the opinion of this committee or this board on this subject will not control ' . 
 the action of the state, and the most it is worth is as an indication of the con- ;; , 
 elusions to which others, with opportunity for investigation, may be likely to /: , 
 arrive. -v 
 
 In estimating the wants of this county in new constructions we do not ;; 
 think it worth while to take into account the small provision not existing in the 
 almshouse and jail. ...... . , . -. . .. '' 
 
".-';':' '.'' '.-' -' ..'.;'.; V -->'-;;'. 
 
 212 ' HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY ^-pi;/ L^ 
 
 That in the jail is needed for temporary detention of persons on their way 
 elsewhere. That in the almshouse does not permit the seclusion of the patients 
 from non-insane inmates, or the special care patients might have associated with 
 the other insane and put to the use of paupers, it is a small margin for increase 
 in their number. !. 
 
 The number of Knox county insane now in public institutions is: At Jack-j; 
 sonville, 46; Kankakee, ii; almshouse, i8; jail, 4; in all, 79. Our present 
 quota in the state institutions is 46, and we are entitled to place these only at 
 Jacksonville, leaving to be provided for by this county, 33. This number to be 
 cared for by the county will be decreased in the distribution of the provision 
 now being made by the state. " ' i ' ' 
 
 It may possibly be further reduced by a change in basis of apportionment. 
 And if the state should extend its provision for the insane to meet the further 
 increase of population, either by enlarging the asylums or the building of new 
 ones, there may never be anything more than a temporary increase and the 
 building may stand only partially occupied and useful as a guarantee against 
 inconvenience caused by a sudden increase of population in this county or 
 some delay in state action in making provision to meet the increase of population 
 in the state. But if no further provision be made by the state and the 
 county be called on to take care of its own increase or meet the diminution of 
 its quota consequent on increase of population in other parts of the state, it 
 will not be many years that a house for 40 patients will exceed the wants of 
 the county. 
 
 The committee believe no time should be lost in making whatever provision 
 the board thinks best to make, and they recommend that a committee be author- 
 ized to settle upon plans substantially conforming to those furnished by Mr. 
 Coleman ; that they be authorized to employ an architect to make complete work- 
 ing plans and prepare proi>er specifications, to advertise for building contracts, 
 to let contracts and to proceed with the building as rapidly as can be made 
 profitable. 
 
 They think by prompt action the contract may be let by the middle of 
 February and the work begun as soon as the materials can be had and the 
 weather will permit work. , . . '. \' . ' - . ''*^\ /:; K;^^' :.| ..'- ' 
 
 .-....- ^''',' ' : W. SELDEN GALE. 
 
 .. -'- .\:v,:^:V/: ^ '.:;; ' ... ' '^ ,' _ '-'"^ WM. RoBSON, ..;' 
 
 .. ';v%'':V:,'^ . . ''. _., ' '". H. M. SissoN, .''.-. 
 
 ':,;'-:',;.:;!'': - . ' ' \. ;:,';.' . . ' -^ ' ' .- J. S. SiMPSON, : ' ; 
 
 ; . . .'V JAMES REBSTOCK. 
 
 Moved by Mr. Rearick that the proposed building committee consist of three 
 members. Carried. 
 
 Supervisor George entered. :.".-..- ( - 
 
 Moved by Mr. Robson that the expenditures of the committee in the con- 
 struction of the proposed building be limited to $25,000. Carried. 
 
 Moved by Mr. O'Connor that the committee be instructed to adopt a plan of 
 construction practically fireproof. Carried. 
 
 Moved by Mr. Gale that the motion fixing the number of the committee at 
 three be reconsidered. Carried. . ' ./ . i '.''" 
 
 On motion of Mr. Gale the number of the committee was increased to five. 
 
.^ ; / ^ , ; HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY ; - ^ - ;^ 218 
 
 Pending committee, work, on motion of Mr. O'Connor the board adjourned V:-. 
 to 1:30 P. M. v: / '.' 
 
 One Thirty P. M. Board called to order by the chairman. Present, same :' ;' 
 as this forenoon. 
 
 The chairman announced the appointment of the following named members to 
 compose the building committee: Messrs. Gale, Simpson, Robson, Sisson and 5. 
 Rebstock. -. r ^ . -v^- .' ' 
 
 April, 1890. Moved by Mr. Simpson that the chairman appoint a committee ' 
 of five on almshouse annex. Carried. 
 
 Mr. Robson then called for the reading of the contract with Mr. Munson 
 for the construction of the almshouse annex. \' . -x 
 
 Moved by Mr. Robson that the questions presented by the options in the ; r' 
 contract lie over until tomorrow at ii o'clock. 
 
 The chairman announced the appointment of the following committee on 
 annex to the almshouse. "^ ' > 
 
 Messrs. Robson, Sisson, Simpson, Rebstock and Boydstun. .^x;'i \' . v ', ., 
 
 Mr. Robson called up the matters in the contract for the construction of the ' 
 annex to the almshouse. He stated that the committee advertised for bids to be . ; 
 opened February i5th, but that they received no bids which they accepted ,-.: . 
 and so advertised again for March i8th, when they obtained a larger number ';. 
 of competitors. The committee had contracted with Mr. P. O. Munson of ; .-'; 
 Galesburg, to put up the annex according to = plans and specifications furnished . ' 
 by Mr. I. C. Coleman, architect, using thorough fireproof construction except as ; 
 to the roof, which would be wood covered with slate, the building to be finished 
 in southern pine and all for $24,000; for $24,300 if finished in white oak; for $26,- ' .: 
 459 if the building is finished inside with white oak and with iron roof con- ' ' 
 struction. This committee desire instruction from the board as to which option ; 
 they should accept. 
 
 : ' Moved by Mr. Becker that the committee be directed to accept the $24,000 : 
 bid with pine and wood roof construction. 
 
 Moved by Mr. Simpson, as a substitute, that the committee be directed to . - 
 accept the $26,459 ^'^ with oak and iron roof construction. .; ; 
 
 The ayes and nays being called resulted as follows: .-.:-.%';. -i ; 
 
 Ayes McWilliams, Austin, Boydstun, Rearick, Burkhalter, Peter Nelson, ,' - 
 Nels Nelson, Sisson, Clark, Simpson, Smith, Robson, Boynton, Rebstock, Whit- ; 
 ing. Mason, Fmery, 17. -'' 
 
 Nays Wilson, Heflin, Stephenson, Young, Becker, Baird, Seward, McCrea, 8. >' . 
 
 The substitute prevailed. . ; . 
 
 Mr. Simpson stated that owing to the necessity for an increase in the facilities ; 
 for the care of the insane the board at the September meeting authorized the 
 almshouse committee to make such temporary arrangements as were best until 
 the January meeting. That at the January meeting it became apparent that more 
 room would be required than the county could provide at once, there being eleven -^ . . 
 patients at Kankakee, which had been ordered to be removed. Accordingly he . 
 visited Peoria county for the purpose of making arrangements for the temporary 
 use of a part of their vacancies in the state hospital for the insane at Jackson- 
 ville. The county board of Peoria county being in session at the time gave Knox 
 county permission to use 12 vacancies until such time as we could provide more ..' . 
 
214 . HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY /;;:; 
 
 room or until such vacancies might be wanted for their own necessities. Mr. 
 Simpson offered the following resolution, which was adopted: 
 
 Resolved, That the thanks of this board are due and are hereby tendered 
 to the county board of Peoria county for their courtesy in permitting us to 
 use a portion of their quota of insane at the hospital at Jacksonville. 
 ; July, 1890. Mr. Robson reported that the contractor was making reasonable 
 progress in the work of constructing the annex to the almshouse. . , . ., , .. 
 
 September, 1890. Clerk's statement: 
 
 There will yet be expended on the annex to the almshouse about $17,000. 
 If the board is to pursue the same policy in paying for the annex to the almshouse 
 that was adopted in paying for the courthouse, it would seem that a levy of 
 $52,000 would pay for the building and run the county until tax collections are 
 made in the winter of 1892. Some arrangement, however, should be made for the 
 payment of county orders this fall, as the estimates on the building soon to be 
 made will speedily consume what funds are now on hand. | ; , 
 
 January, 1891. Wm. Robson, chairman of the building committee, read 
 the following report, and at his request the consideration of the same was made 
 a special order for ii o'clock A. M. tomorrow. 
 To the Honorable Board of Supervisors, ':':'. ; ; V A.>i; -^''^v; . vA, .] ;' 
 
 Your committee on building had hoped that they could have reported the 
 completion of the annex to the almshouse at the present meeting. This cannot 
 be done. The contractor says he will finish the building within three weeks. 
 It seems to your committee that the work can be done in that time. We would 
 report the amounts paid to the contractor, Mr. Munson, on the following dates, 
 also the amount of the contract price, and the amount unpaid on said contract 
 and the amount your committee would recommend be allowed said contractor 
 Munson for work done not included in contract: 
 
 Amount of contract $26,459.00 
 
 1st estimate. May 14, 1890 $ 1,435.44 
 
 2nd estimate, June 19, 1890 2,935.60 
 
 3rd estimate, July i6, 1890 2,739.36 
 
 4th estimate, August i8, 1890 1,589.52 
 
 5th estimate, September 5, 1890 4,745.82 
 
 6th estimate, October i6, 1890 1,228.48 
 
 7th estimate, November 26, 1890 2,530.64 
 
 Total ............................................ $17,204.86 
 
 Balance unpaid on contract ...................................... $9,554.14 
 
 Amount estimated for work not in contract, $379.48, itemized as follows : 
 Excavating extra depth in foundation ............................... $ 23.50 
 
 22,510 brick in foundation and partitions at $10.50 per M .............. 236.35 
 
 1 1 yards plastering at 3Oc .......................................... 3-3O 
 
 Mason work, cutting stone door sills .............................. 2.80 
 
 2,044^ ft. channel iron at 4C per ft ................................. 81.78 
 
 O. C. Housel, extra on wood work, paid by Munson .................... 31.75 
 
 The hour having arrived for the consideration of the report of the building 
 
;K -i; X .r ^^^ OF KNOX COUNTY ; ' ' 215 
 
 committee, Mr. Robson, chairman of said committee, made explanation of the 
 :., extra expense incurred by the contractor in making substantial foundation and 
 : other necessary changes not in contract. Thereupon Mr. Nels Nelson moved that 
 , said committee be authorized to make final settlement with the contractor when 
 / the building is completed, and to accept the same. Carried. 
 :. Mr. Rebstock moved thatithe almshouse committee be authorized to procure 
 
 the necessary furniture and furnishings required for the annex. Carried. 
 
 : . April, 1891. Mr. Robson read the following report of the building committee : 
 _. To the Honorable Board of Supervisors. 7 . :^- 
 
 - Your committee on building would respectfully report that the annex to 
 ', the almshouse is ready for occupancy and that there has been paid for Mr. I. C. 
 
 Coleman, architect, $324.50, the balance due him on the completion of the 
 
 ; building, and that there has been paid to Mr. Munson, contractor, the sum of 
 
 $26,704.86, leaving unpaid the sum of $133.62, to be paid when he has finished 
 
 ; all work according to contract. The weather having been such that he has 
 
 not been able to finish grading, etc. 
 
 All of which is respectfully subniitted. >-^! >' ''''''''^"'''''''^'i^-,'-.: 
 
 ''.' ^'>. :-. -^ ^''-'. ;''//.'-.":-' ''^'''- : ^'''-^^.yJ.JYS-^.r^'^'--'/'.'^ WM. ROBSON, '":'-;- 
 
 :', -': .;:; '^ \, ;^;^- ;/..;''._.' 'V^ ''-.':- '"'V- ^'l.'.-:. '''''' ^-'-:- J- S. SiMPSON, _.- v^'^' 
 :'''"?'; ' ':;.'-'. :\..':'.. ;\-' ;-'"^--V. /.:/.-//.;, :".-;:' ':'[''i''''-" H. M. SissoN, \' 
 
 ;;;' '"-^^-r. ,':'' . ' ''--^ ^,V''/ -:^^^- . "/'^:^,j^'v:^"; :;''"'''''' W. A. BOYDSTUN, '' 
 ;v'-' '^'''^-'- -''' '/"':";: A.' ^"- '-'^ .-A 'v; ;.':-:;;';.-;;. JAMES REBSTOCK. 
 
 March Meeting, 1896. Mr. Robson of the almshouse committee read the fol- 
 '; lowing and moved that the same be adopted as the rules of the almshouse. 
 
 Carried. 
 
 '.' ; :'. '-.-'^y .-;- ;^^:'--v. ;,;. 
 
 > '- RULES AND REGULATIONS FOR THE ALMSHOUSE ;^^ ^/' ^^ 
 
 : , KNOXVILLE, ILLINOIS, January i, 1894. 
 
 ; 1. The superintendent shall have complete control over the inmates, but 
 this privilege must be exercised in a humane and consistent manner, resorting 
 to restraint only when necessary to establish and keep a prevailing good order. 
 
 ^ 2. All patients to be carefully examined on admission, and all moneys 
 and effects of value found in their possession, to be taken by the superintendent 
 and referred to the almshouse committee, who shall direct what disposition 
 shall be made of them. When patients conclude to leave the premises, their 
 persons, packages, trunks, etc., may be searched by the superintendent. 
 
 3. All letters to and from the inmates of the institution to pass through 
 the superintendent's hands and if thought necessary, to be examined and treated 
 
 with reference to keeping good order in family. 
 
 ' 4. Patients, under no circumstances, to leave the premises on a visit to 
 
 ' KnWville or elsewhere, without j>ermission. . .. 
 
 5. Patients are forbidden to abuse each other, and whoever wilfully does 
 . so will thereby become a proper subject for the superintendent's interference. 
 
 6. Inmates coming to the premises in an intoxicated condition, will be con- 
 sidered vagrants, and may be immediately discharged from the house. 
 
 ;, 7. Patients who are able shall, when called upon, assist to wait upon the 
 ' sick, and thus render themselves as useful as possible. And if able shall help 
 upon the farm, when needed. 
 
216 - HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY 
 
 8. Patients must not wilfully waste or destroy anything about the premises, 
 but rather aid in caring for all material used here. 
 
 9. All clothing and other effects belonging to patients in the house, which 
 are not appropriated for funeral purposes, shall be kept and used by surviving 
 patients. :'-; . . ':.: .'.'^:'' -^^- ''. '^/,- :-/:-'^--:^-':!\'\ '''^^ 
 
 10. Visitors are requested to refrain from talking with insane patients, 
 except relatives; but under no consideration to commit themselves to promises 
 of future favor. 
 
 11. It shall be the duty of the physician to carefully scrutinize patients who 
 come under his care; and administer medicines to each as may seem to him 
 best adapted to their needs, and he may consistently prescribe exercises for them 
 for the promotion of their health. 
 
 , - WM. RoBSON, 
 
 ,^' . : 'o ' - J- S. SIMPSON, 
 
 . v^:^ .. ; ^- R. A. LOWER, 
 
 , V ' K. R. MARKS, 
 
 /" , ' .. . . : F.T.ALBERT, 
 
 - ' Committee. 
 
 April Meeting, 1898. Mr. Simpson of the almshouse committee read the 
 following report in relation to the matter of the care of the insane at the 
 almshouse: 
 Mr, Chairman and Gentlemen of the Board of Supervisors: ! 
 
 Your committee on almshouse and paupers have at different times during 
 the past year called your attention to the crowded condition of the insane de- 
 partment at the almshouse, showing that while it was constructed to care 
 for 40 patients, we have, during the greater part of the year, been caring 
 for from 65 to 67. As to whether insanity is on the increase among us 
 we must leave to those who are able to make that careful and discriminating 
 investigation necessary to determine. 
 
 The state has from time to time built new asylums and has frequently in- 
 creased their capacity by adding new buildings, but has never yet succeeded 
 in keeping up to the demand from increased applicants for admission, not- 
 withstanding the growing sentiment that the state should take care of all 
 insane, those who are a public charge, as well as those who are not. In January, 
 1890, when it became necessary to build the present annex, the number of Knox 
 county's insane was 79, and were cared for as follows: At Jacksonville, 46; 
 at Kankakee, ii; at almshouse, i8; at jail, 4; we find that at the present time 
 the number of Knox county's insane in public institutions are as follows: At 
 Jacksonville, 56; at Kankakee, 3; at almshouse, 64; making 123 in all. Your 
 committee had hoped, on completion of the new Western hospital for insane, 
 that in the apportionment to be made in connection therewith we would be 
 allowed such increased ratio as would afford us such relief as would enable us, 
 with our present buildings, to care for what we might have until such time 
 as the asylum for the incurable insane at Peoria might be completed. The 
 district for the western hospital has been made, the quota for each county 
 assigned, and the same approved by the governor, and we find that we are 
 allowed accommodation for 9 more patients, i. e., 62 in place of 53, and we 
 
;; ^V^ : VV : F HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY '- t- 217 
 
 have been notified that on the removal of our patients from Jacksonville to~-' - 
 Rock Island that the 3 at Kankakee must also be removed. 
 
 There is but little prospect for the completion of the asylum for the in- - 
 curable insane in less than from 2 to 3 years and we can expect to have but 
 little relief from it when completed. This will leave 64 patients for Knox , 
 county to care for after we obtain the relief afforded by the completion of 
 the Western hospital, which will be some time next month. 
 
 The present building for insane, known as the annex to the Knox county 
 almshouse, is occupied by both males and females, the males occupying the 
 basement and first floors; the females occupying the second floor; 14 of the - 
 latter have to be furnished with sleeping room on this floor in the west wing 
 of the men's department of the almshouse proper. In the men's department 
 there is one room with lo beds in it, another with 4, and another with 3. This 
 is not recognized as the proper way to room this class of patients, unless a '-'' > 
 watchman is within hearing distance all the time at night. ; ' 
 
 Your committee believes that no time should be lost in making some ad- . 
 ditional provision for the care of this unfortunate class of people in our 
 county. That an addition as nearly fireproof in construction as practicable be 
 built on the east side of the present building and connected therewith by 
 corridors, to be used in caring for the insane women committed to the county's 
 care, and would recommend that a committee be authorized to settle on plans 
 substantially conforming to those shown to the board by your committee; that ^ ^ 
 they be authorized to employ an architect to make complete working plans 
 and prepare proper specifications; to advertise for building contracts; to let 
 contracts, and to proceed with the building as rapidly as it can profitably be 
 done. The cost of said building not to exceed $ ............. ; ^ 
 
 ; All of which is respectfully submitted. c;; ..';/,.-'... J;-;.^^-.'' ^;: '^- :.'- 
 
 ''"''"'.;.,>': "'/-' \ '''\ ^- ^''-'V.'}'-.^ .''''':/*---^'::'-V--:'-;'^;'.'' J. S. SiMPSON, ^.t;. ^^^ ',;.:;,' 
 
 .;. :'../'': :'-'. .'.^.-'jv/- ".::'" ^''y-'-^-r^' ':''.: K. R. MARKS, :-:-:::(:l:.f'- i'."'- 
 ^>^ :"'''': ,\-... :''',':''-:'., -'^/- ' '../'V-'-^^-^:-'-'-^- F. T. ALBERT, ..V-'-^'-.;, > ' 
 .' '' :'^ '''':- '-'^- ''.' ^f .'' '' -^ -'; >^'">l:^ .':'.' HUGH SLOAN, '-\v:v.\ 
 
 Committee. _ 
 
 On motion of Mr. Hubbell the foregoing report was adopted and its recom- :: 
 mendations concurred in. ..: 
 
 On motion of Mr. Rebstock the chairman was authorized and directed to I- 
 appoint a committee of five (one of whom shall be the chairman of the board) -.-.'. 
 to carry out the recommendations contained in the foregoing report. ' . 
 
 July Meeting, 1898. Mr. Simpson, from the building committee, read the . .y 
 following report: .-': v. ' ;' \;^' 
 
 Mr. Chairman and Gentlemen of the Board of Supervisors: ,; r ::r ; ;v! \ -..- ; 
 
 The committee provided for at the last meeting to act as a building com- 
 mittee in the construction of a new building at the almshouse for the use of insane 
 would respectfully report, that they met on April 23 and consulted several 
 architects of the city of Galesburg, and arranged with each of them to submit , 
 plans best suited for the purpose for which the proposed annex was to be 
 built. April 28 your committee met for the purpose of examining the plan.^ ' 
 offered by the different architects and after careful examination selected those 
 
218 ; HISTORY OF KN OX COUNTY A"; ;: 
 
 prepared by Messrs. Gotschalk & Beadle, as best suited for the proposed annex 
 and entered into an agreement with said Gotschalk & Beadle to make all draw- 
 ings, details, working plans and specifications, assist in letting contract, act as 
 supervising architect when called upon by the building committee during the 
 construction of said building for the sum of $150, and if the committee desire 
 the further services of an architect in preparing plans for a laundry building, 
 said Gotschalk & Beadle agree to furnish said plans and specifications without 
 further expense to the county. After said plans and specifications had been 
 prepared and approved your committee advertised for bids for the construc- 
 tion of the annex in accordance with said plans and specifications. Said bids 
 were opened June 6, 1898, as follows: . . ... 
 
 P. T. Olson .^..?^...;:..:r $20,773 
 
 Munson & Tingleaf 19,60x3 
 
 Peter McL. Davidson 23,200 
 
 O. C. Housel 24,773 
 
 Sweeny & Ream 20,900 
 
 (The above bids were exclusive of the heating.) 
 
 Munson and Tingleaf being the lowest bidders were awarded the contract 
 at their bid of 19,600 dollars. .- . v i I ;^ , 
 
 Your committee entered into contract with said parties for construction oi 
 said annex, they filing a bond in the sum of $5,000 for the faithful completion 
 of said building, said contract and bond being on file with the clerk of the 
 board. \^ - '' ^.'.'^. '>-'_;:' ' .'. '/'.;. ""/-^ I'- '.-.''''. .' 
 
 As soon as the work of construction commenced your committee employed 
 Mr. A. C. Phillipson, of Galesburg, as superintendent of material and con- 
 struction at a salary of $2.00 per day. 
 
 Your committee met at the almshouse on July 8th and after insf>ecting the 
 work done and material on hand made their first estimate of cost of work done 
 and material on the grounds. . . . , . t . . 
 
 Amounting to $1,613.50 ^ . 
 
 . : Less 15 per cent 242.02 
 
 Leaving amount due on their first estimate of 1,371.48 
 
 For which amount they would ask that the clerk be directed to issue an 
 order in payment thereof. 
 
 And would ask that the clerk be instructed to issue orders once each month 
 in payment of estimate made by your committee in accordance with the con- 
 tract made with Messrs. Munson & Tingleaf. . //-T '>';..>:'-' 
 All of which is respectfully submitted. . , 
 
 J. S. SIMPSON, 
 
 : .:,:.;. -. WM. ROBSON, 
 
 ' . ':'^-'.. . - ^ '' ' ' ' :'. ,/:'.;''/'.>'' J. L. BURKH ALTER, -::V_, 
 , ;'^-v . ', . '>' J- R- YOUNG, .: I ;'::' 
 
 :. ;. , . ; : : -. JAMES REBSTOCK, 
 
 ' ' Committee. 
 
 On motion of Mr. Becker, the foregoing report was adopted and its recom- 
 mendations concurred in. ^ . V ; > -.x vi;;^-^ 
 September Meeting, 1898. Mr. Burkhalter, of the building committee, read 
 the following report: 
 
':' V ;-'';: ^ .; HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY ? ^;^- \ 219 
 
 Mr, Chairman and Gentlemen of the Board of Supervisors: 
 
 Your committee on the building of the new annex to the Knox county alms- 
 house would respectfully report that the construction of the building is progress- 
 ing at about the rate such buildings usually do. Some delay was caused waiting 
 tor iron when the building was ready for the beams for the first floor, and 
 when your committee was in session at the almshouse on the Qth inst. word 
 was received from the yards furnishing the brick for the outside of the walls 
 that they could not furnish any more of the brick contracted for till a new 
 kiln could be made. This of course must cause additional delay, in all other 
 respects the work is progressing very satisfactorily to your committee. 
 
 Your committee met at the almshouse on August Qth and made their second 
 estimate of work done and material furnished and on the grounds and found 
 the amount due the contractors at that time to be $1863.24. 
 ' They also met on September gth and made their third monthly estimate and 
 found the amount due the contractors at that time to be $1551.80, and re- 
 quested the clerk to issue orders in payment of these amounts as authorized to 
 do at the July meeting of the board. At the last meeting of the board your 
 committee reported that we had employed Mr. A. C. Phillipson as superintend- 
 ent of construction but we neglected to ask that provision be made for payment 
 for his services. 
 
 At the meeting of your committee on August Qth and September pth, we 
 gave him an order on the clerk for the amount due him, and the clerk having 
 honored the same we would ask your approval of our action and would ask that 
 the clerk be authorized to issue orders in payment for his services as super- 
 intendent of construction once per month on the order of the committee. 
 
 Your committee would further report that the steam heating in the old 
 building which was constructed on what is known as the two pipe system has 
 not worked well for some time and should be improved, and knowing that it 
 was necessary to run new mains from the present boiler room to the new building 
 believed it would be economy for the county to have it changed to what is 
 now used and known as the "one pipe system," requested bids for the plumbing 
 and heating in new building, also for changing the piping in old building to 
 that system. Said bids were opened at the almshouse August Qth, 1898, as 
 
 follows: ;:=.;.: 
 
 Allen Myers & Co., of Rock Island, for heating new building and 
 
 changing old building $3,020.00 
 
 Nailon Bros., Peoria, same 3.000.00 
 
 O'Connor Bros., Peoria, plumbing new building 2,100.00 
 
 Galesburg Plumbing & Heating Co., plumbing and heating in new build- 
 ing using 2OOO feet of radiation therein and changing old building. . . 4,730.00 
 C. S. Telford, plumbing and heating in new building as per plans and 
 specifications so as to furnish 70 degrees inside when 20 degrees out- 
 side, and changing old building 4,827.75 
 
 The slight difference between the last two bids caused the sub-committee 
 investigating the matter, considerable anxiety as to which of the bids was 
 really the lowest. A call on the different firms showed that while one was 
 figuring for 2000 feet of radiation, the other was figuring for 2312. Owing to 
 the fact that nearly all the radiation in the new building must be in the halls 
 
220 HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY ' r^ - ' 1: 
 
 -.. -/.'-.p. :..^ :.,;./. 
 
 or corridors, it is evident that something in excess of the usual amount must 
 be used; considerable more than if the radiators could be placed in the rooms. 
 The best information we could find from parties not interested in either firm, 
 assured us that in view of the indirect way of heating, and the amount of 
 windows it was even doubtful if 2312 feet was enough, certainly not any more 
 than was required. Your committee therefore believing Mr. Telford to be the 
 lowest bidder have awarded him the work, and entered into a contract with him 
 for the faithful performance thereof. The contract and bond being placed 
 on file with the county clerk. ..'.^ ^ v . 
 
 . All of which is respectfully submitted. . -^ ^.:1 , 
 
 ,,. . . ' - J- S. SIMPSON, 
 
 .. (i'\,'.:^-:[: ' ['' ''>..' ' . .'' ^^;:\'.v':. WM. ROBSON, '''''-..' 
 
 ,. j ,\ J. L. BURKHALTER, 7 
 
 - .>-;;.' ' -' JAMES REBSTOCK, -v . 
 
 ;';. . V- - ' . ; J- E. YOUNG, ; . 
 
 Committee. 
 
 On motion of Mr. Marks, the foregoing report was adopted and its recom- 
 mendations concurred in. . ':'':'''-.':". -- I '; 
 
 December Meeting, 1898. Mr. Burkhalter of the building committee, read 
 the following report : , . .; . 
 
 Mr. Chairman and Gentlemen of the Board of Supervisors: 
 
 Your committee on the construction of the new annex to the Knox county 
 almshouse, would respectfully report that the construction of the building is 
 making some progress but on account of the inclement and cold weather, and 
 the many difficulties encountered in obtaining suitable brick and other material, 
 specified under the contract, the progress has not been as speedy as your com- 
 mittee has hoped for or expected, but with fair weather the conditions are such 
 now that we may reasonably hope for more speedy progress towards completion 
 of the annex. 
 
 On November 29th, 1898, your committee met at the almshouse and made 
 their 5th monthly estimate of materials furnished and work done on the annex, 
 which showed an aggregate of $10,406.99 expended on the building, from which 
 amount your committee have deducted 15 per cent, (as provided for under the 
 contract), viz., $1,561.05, leaving due and payable to the contractors $8,845.94, 
 which amount has under the direction of your committee been paid to the con- 
 tractors Munson & Tingleaf by county clerk's orders. . :l :: . -- 
 
 On September 27th, 1898, your committee met at the almshouse to receive 
 and open proposals for the erection of a laundry building at the almshouse as 
 provided for at the July meeting of the board, at which meeting three bids were 
 received, from F. W. Hawk, D. H. Fink and P. O. Munson, varying materially 
 in amounts or figures. F. W. Hawk being the lowest bidder was awarded the 
 contract for the erection and completion of the laundry building for the sum 
 of $1,600.00 to be paid for on the completion of the building provided the weather 
 and other conditions were such that the building be finished by December loth. 
 1898. But if, after a proper effort on the part of contractor, the building could 
 not be finished by that date, a payment should be made equal to 75 per cent, of 
 the amount of work done and material furnished on the ground. The first es- 
 timate was made December 9th, 1898, and shows the amount of labor and material 
 
^>^f 'V/: :^->i: /4 HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY \ ;^\ 221 
 
 furnished and on the ground to be $1,114.26, of which your committee retain as 
 provided under the contract, 25 per cent. ($278.56), leaving amount due and 
 payable to the contractor $835.70, for which amount we recommend that county 
 clerk's order be issued to F. W. Hawk for the use of A. M. Parmenter and 
 E. L. Lacey in payment of the first estimate. 
 
 In the matter of the bill of the Frost Manufacturing Co. for new boiler and 
 
 'tank for the laundry building, $321.00, we find the same correct and recommend 
 that a county order be issued for the amount. 
 
 In the matter of the bill of Gottschalk & Beadle, architects, for one-half of 
 
 .; the contract price for services as architects for the construction of the new 
 annex and the laundry building at the almshouse, your committee would recom- 
 m.end that a county order be issued to Gottschalk & Beadle for $75.00. . : .. 
 
 : All of which is respectfully submitted. , ... . .. - VC ' 
 
 .; ."'r..;v. ''..'; J- S. SIMPSON, '" ' -.^ v ., ; : 
 
 -.-:-'.;::/''..: ;--';: ' ' -V ''';./. v :.%-V '.''''..'-'. ''v','. ...;^-'' J. L. BuRKHALTER, ' ;'.^' ' 
 
 '\ / ':' ^.'\ - -. ' ^ .- v' ."''' ",':'--.'.- V;.'. :^ "'>'' WM. RoBsoN, -:;;''':;.' ' 
 '.':;:;;;,''. :;;... /',:^ :./.; .^;: ,;^ ;.':';' :'VV^.^:v|,V/:.'-:;;J. R. YOUNG, '';';,;.:' 
 :'',...', '.' \ '; - ; ' ' : ./^";^; .''''. '/ "'^^ ^:,''-'.'-^ ''''.'' JAMES REBSTOCK, -'- 
 
 ''' '' ' ' '"' Committee. 
 
 On motion of Mr. Becker, the foregoing report was adopted and its recom- 
 mendations concurred in. - v.;",:,^^ ~ . . ; / ^,.'::' 
 April Meeting, 1899. Mr. Simpson of the building committee read the 
 following report in relation to the building of the annex to the almshouse. 
 'Mr. Chairman and Gentlemen of the Board of Supervisors: 
 i Your building committee would respectfully report that they had hoped that 
 they might have been able to report that the new annex to the almshouse was 
 ' completed or nearly so, but owing to the length of time it has taken the plaster- 
 > ing to dry, the work of finishing has been greatly delayed. With favorable 
 weather we think it can be completed some time in the coming month. .:;' . 
 During the process of construction your committee thought it best to sub- 
 ' stitute hollow tile for floor and ceilings and mackolite for partitions in place of 
 expanded metal, which had been contracted for. For making this exchange 
 : the contractor agreed to deduct the sum of $200.00. We would submit the 
 '" following statement of amounts paid the contractors to the present time, also 
 ^ the contract price: .... . .. . . ..:;.. : - ..-..- 
 
 Amount of contract $19,600.00 
 
 Deduction for exchange from expanded metal to hollow tile and macko- 
 
 ;> lite fire proofing 200.00 
 
 -;';/>:>/' ^^-'''^':-''';^i-.- ;;;-':-;^<'v\-.'; $I9,4OO.OO 
 
 .: 1st. estimate July 7 .!..'...,.....'.....'.....'..... .V. .$1,371.48 
 
 2d. estimate Aug. 7 1,863.24 ;-:.' : ' 
 
 '; 3rd. estimate September 9 1,551.80 ; : ' . 
 
 : : 4th estimate October 14 2,175.42 ,-\' v 
 
 t 5th estimate November 29 1,884.00 ;: , :.''.. 
 
 6th estimate January 26 4,076.91 ;; . ', 
 
 : 7th estimate March 30 2,329.94 . ' v S. 
 
 ; Balance due on contract $ 4,147.21 
 
HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY 
 
 The following amounts we would recommend be allowed the contractors for 
 extra work done, not called for in the contract, but thought to be necessary 
 by your committee. 
 
 Door and entrance to basement $30.00 
 
 Extra support for guttering 18.00 
 
 Moving partition and filling opening 6.25 
 
 Door under stairway and labor 5.25 
 
 Other extras, carpenter work, etc 12.00 
 
 Total $71.50 
 
 Making a balance that would be due the contractors at the completion of 
 
 the building of $4,218.71 
 
 ' Your committee would also recommend that upon the satisfactory comple- 
 tion of the building they be authorized to accept the same and make a final 
 settlement with Messrs. Munson & Tingleaf, the contractors, and that upon 
 the order of your committee the clerk be authorized to issue an order in pay- 
 ment thereof. 
 
 Your committee would further recommend that they be authorized to accept 
 the new laundry building upon its completion, and make final settlement with 
 F. W. Hawk, contractor, and that the clerk be authorized to issue an order in 
 final payment of same on the order of the committee. 
 
 Your committee would further report that the specifications for the plumbing 
 for the new building provide for a hot water heater of 40 gallons capacity. 
 Your committee believing this entirely too small, would recommend that they 
 be authorized to arrange with the contractors for one from 175 to 200 gallons. 
 
 All of which is respectfully submitted. 
 
 ' ' J. S. SIMPSON, I ..- 
 
 . ; { ,,);/v . / ; J. L. BURKHALTER, ; J. 
 
 ' ;'O::'y,.- . . ,. ^ '../ .'^'v; J.R. YOUNG, --v^ 
 
 ;'V;'.''-V-^ . , ;^- ' . '.? :;' :,/.- jAMES REBSTOCK, '..;/;':-., 
 
 ''-,';.' '^'-^'-^ ' . : ' '' .- '.'':. J. F. LATIMER, " ' V '' 
 
 ;;;'-'-.'' ^ '' '. ^ '^''- '' ' .^- ': '. ''''' Committee. ^' 
 
 .. On motion of Mr. Phelps, the foregoing report was adopted and its recom- 
 mendations concurred in. 
 
 December Meeting, 1900. Mr. Gault of the almshouse committee presented 
 a statement in regard to the construction of a cement walk and the recommenda- 
 tion in relation thereto was adopted. , . - '. : ' 1 ;; '; 
 
 Your committee would also report that in accordance with the instructions 
 of the board at its last meeting we have had completed a cement walk leaciing 
 from the almshouse to the road at a cost of 17 cents a foot for 2394 feet, amount- 
 ing to $406.98 with the contractors' written guarantee attached to their bill read- 
 ing as follows : "We guarantee this cement walk for the period of 5 years from 
 date, should any defects show up during this period of time which are caused 
 by the action of frost or the elements, or from defective material or workman- 
 ship, we agree to replace such walk at our expense." Signed Terry & Lewis, 
 
 Oct. i8th, 1900. -' ^"; '^' ' ^-' ^'''^' ':'''- '" -'-'W'-x-'^-''^;';':'---!-''" '' ' 
 
 : We recommend the payment of the bill. ' -i x- . 
 
 Terry & Lewis, 2394 feet cement walk at I7c per foot .$406.98 
 
/: 5 -; HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY :;^ ' 
 
 And the almshouse committee also presented the following recommendation 
 in regard to water supply, which was adopted: 
 
 Whereas, The present water supply at the almshouse is insufficient for the 
 ordinary use of the almshouse, and is totally inadequate for fire protection. 
 Therefore, we would ask that we be authorized to arrange for sufficient supply 
 of water, either by digging new well or by contract with the city of Knoxville, 
 as upon further investigation seems to us best. . .. >: ^ ^. -."T ."^-f: 
 
 All of which is respectfully submitted. ' , ' . 
 
 ;.;: ._ .^..^ .,,,.. .. .. ..,:...x:tfc'' o. L. FAY, "''-/;;,:; 
 
 ; ;' '- ' l;;.'"^- v';- ' : '. /',':. :;--;:-v'->-.. ::''"';'>'-. .- / ' "'';',:-^ "./''.. F. T. ALBERT, ':"'"'''', 
 
 ./'-''':> :v'-' ^^''^^:^^ :''' ''-' -^-v .. . ^' ,'.-. S^<^/'.-Cr -'^^ -'; L B. GAULT, :'.:. -/^.-/-f^ 
 
 ^'''': '':'-.- ''^^ .-/ i-vP''::'^^^:/ '''''<::'''''' ^'--^'-'-'v-^'-v GEO. W, GALE, ';;'-?; 
 
 ':','": /: ^,. .:-'' :;./'-:/V^"" ^':''^'\-;'^^ ;' '^-'^ S. McWiLLIAMS, ;'. . 
 
 -''- ' . ' .:.-. :- .. . : Committee. " 
 
 "-'- September Meeting, 1901. Mr. Gale of the same committee read a special 
 report in relation to the extension of water mains to the almshouse and on his 
 motion the same was adopted and its recommendations concurred in. , , . 
 Mr. Chairman and Gentlemen of the Board of Supcn'isors: 
 
 Your committee who were directed to secure from the city of Knoxville, if 
 possible, connection with the city water service so as to aflFord better fire pro- 
 tection, and water service for the almshouse would report, that they have made 
 with the city of Knoxville, the contract herewith presented, to-wit: 
 
 It is hereby agreed by and between the county of Knox, represented by the 
 almshouse committee of the board of supervisors of Knox county and state of 
 Illinois, and the city of Knoxville, a municipal corporation situated in said county 
 and state that the city will extend its present water system so as to give water 
 service to the almshouse in said city of Knoxville: That the city will at once 
 lay a four (4) inch main pipe of standard weight from the end of their present 
 system in front of St. Mary's school in said city to the northwest corner of 
 Douglas and Market streets, there to connect with a pipe to be laid by the county, 
 extending from that point to the almshouse and grounds and connecting with 
 such hydrants in and about the premises as the said committee shall direct and 
 provide. After the completion of such work the city of Knoxville will at all 
 times furnish all water desired by said county for fire protection, house use and 
 other purposes, the same as furnished other water customers and citizens of 
 Knoxville. 
 
 For such service the county shall pay to the city quarterly a meter rate for 
 the water used at the rate of two (2) cents per lOO gallons for an amount be- 
 tween looo and 3000 gallons per day, and one and three- fourths (i^) cents 
 per loo gallons for an amount equal to 3000 gallons per day or more. 
 
 The county is to furnish a four inch meter and all connections and place same 
 at a suitable place on the line of pipe and all work done on this line shall be under 
 the supervision of the superintendent of water works of the said city. . 
 
 rv Dated this iQth day of July, A. D. 1901. . ,\;V > : -,;;v-.v 
 
 ;' (Seal) . . , . ., .- CITY OF KNOXVILLE, '. 
 
 . ;'- \ : ' ^ By Jesse Pickrel, Mayor. :':.' 
 
 . (Seal) ; ; ::^;: / ^- KNOX COUNTY ALMSHOUSE COMMITTEE, v 
 
 i^:^ ^^,^''' J:. ''' ';-:-'\'-\''-^--'' ''^l' :\:'^^^^^^ By. O. L. Fay, Chairman. 
 
224 HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY 
 
 Also that to carry out this agreement they had plans and specifications for 
 the proposed work made by John McAuley, the city engineer of Galesburg, and 
 advertised for bids for the performance of the work according to such plans. 
 
 That upon opening the bids B. O. Krotter was found to be the lowest bidder, 
 and contract entered into with him for such work for the sum of $1,639.30. A 
 copy of said contract together with the bond for its faithful performance and 
 the plans of the proposed work are now on file in the office of the county clerk. 
 
 Your committee would also ask that upon the proper certificate of the alms- 
 house committee the county clerk be directed to issue county orders in payment 
 of such amounts as may be found due for work done, according to the terms 
 of such contract. , .-.= -v 
 
 All of which is respectfully submitted. 
 
 ; O. L. FAY, 
 
 .'.'_:- '';''^' '' '''''-'''' ''. ' F.T.ALBERT, ''';.'.'.''/.; 
 
 ..-.'/r^'H-''"-. . .. , :' '; -, ^: ' \ I. B. GAULT, 'I ;';-; ':' '^ ' 
 
 - ' V : GEO. W. GALE, :;; 
 
 r '. . , ;. , / '-: S. McWiLLIAMS, ! 
 
 ' Committee. 
 
 December Meeting, 1901. The following mentioned is contained in the 
 report of the almshouse and poor-farm committee presented by Mr. Gale 
 at the December meeting 1901 : 
 
 Your committee would also report that the pipe has been laid and connec- 
 tions made with the water works of the city of Knoxville so that the almshouse 
 is now provided with the water service and fire protection we were directed 
 to secure. 
 
 March Meeting, 1903. The following communication was read and re- 
 ferred to the almshouse committee: 
 
 . .".' GiLSON, ILL., March 14, 1903. 
 
 To the Board of Supervisors: ., .- ; j . . 
 
 YOUR HONORABLE BODY. Upon receiving information that you were wanting 
 to purchase more land for the benefit and use of the Knox county almshouse, I 
 take pleasure in announcing that the estate of Amos B. Palmer, deceased, is 
 for sale, lying north and west of county farm containing 133^ acres, more or 
 less; 80 acres of which is under cultivation, balance consisting of two pastures, 
 one at the north and one at the south of said 133^ acres, with an abundance 
 of wafer in both, and a never failing well at the house, a good young orchard 
 and other fruit also a good house of 8 rooms, good barn, cribs and sheds, a 
 good new windmill and tank. We can give you immediate possession. Price 
 $11,000. Terms one half cash, balance on two years time, for first mortgage, 
 with interest at the rate of 5^ per cent per annum if desired. 
 
 I further state that said estate is free from all incumbrance and can give 
 a clear title. .-. : .'' :. .-. ;.;'' -. - .-'-. '.';''-'-v-';"/^.'..v>.-;' .. ) . -;' ;-';r,i: 
 
 Any information desired will be promptly attended to. 
 
 Hoping this may meet your approval, I remain yours very sincerely, await- 
 ing an early reply. 
 
 ! : >. ORLO S. PALMER, /- : 
 
 : , . Executor, Gilson, III. 
 
 The following is contained in a report of the almshouse committee made by 
 Mr. Butt at the March meeting 1903: . 
 

 r 
 
 I 
 
 o 
 
 3 
 
 I 
 
 = .i 
 
 1. ~ 
 
 I i 
 
 " 5 
 
 1 
 n 
 
 I 
 
 5' 
 
 1^ 
 
 
 en 
 
224 HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY : 
 
 Also that to carry out this agreement they had plans and specifications for 
 the proposed work made by John McAuley, the city engineer of Galesburg, and 
 advertised for bids for the performance of the work according to such plans. 
 
 That upon opening the bids B. O. Krotter was found to be the lowest bidder, 
 and contract entered into with him for such work for the sum of $1,639.30. A 
 copy of said contract together with the bond for its faithful performance and 
 the plans of the proposed work are now on file in the oflfice of the county clerk. 
 Your committee would also ask that upon the proper certificate of the alms- 
 house committee the county clerk be directed to issue county orders in payment 
 of such amounts as may be found due for work done, according to the terms 
 of such contract. :, - 
 
 All of which is respectfully submitted. 
 
 O. L. FAY, 
 ; ' F. T. ALBERT, 
 
 . I. B. GAULT, / V 
 
 GEO. W. GALE, 
 
 ... . . - S. McWiLLIAMS, 
 
 Committee. 
 
 December Meeting, 1901. The following mentioned is contained in the 
 report of the almshouse and poor-farm committee presented by Mr. Gale 
 at the December meeting 1901 : 
 
 Your committee would also report that the pipe has been laid and connec- 
 tions made with the water works of the city of Knoxville so that the almshouse 
 is now provided with the water service and fire protection we were directed 
 to secure. 
 
 March Meeting, 1903. The following communication was read and re- 
 ferred to the almshouse committee: 
 
 . . GiLSON, ILL., March 14, 1903. 
 
 To the Board of Supcrrisors: .. - . j 
 
 YOUR HoxoRAiJLE BODY. Upon receiving information that you were wanting 
 to purchase more land for the benefit and use of the Knox county almshouse, I 
 take pleasure in announcing that the estate of Amos B. Palmer, deceased, is 
 for sale, lying north and west of county farm containing 133^^ acres, more or 
 less ; 80 acres of which is under cultivation, balance consisting of two pastures, 
 one at the north and one at the south of said 133^^ acres, with an abundance 
 of water in both, and a never failing well at the house, a good young orchard 
 and other fruit also a good house of 8 rooms, good barn, cribs and sheds, a 
 good new windmill and tank. We can give you immediate possession. Price 
 $11, coo. Terms one half cash, balance on two years time, for first mortgage, 
 with interest at the rate of 5^' per cent per annum if desired. 
 
 I further state that said estate is free from all incumbrance and can give 
 a clear title. . . V: '\'. ' t 
 
 Any information desired will be promptly attended to. 
 
 Hoping this may meet your approval, I remain yours very sincerely, await- 
 ing an early reply. 
 
 ORLO S. PALMER, 
 E.vecutor, Gilson, III. 
 
 The following is contained in a report of the almshouse committee made by 
 Mr. Butt at the March meeting 1903: 
 

 I 
 
 ' 
 
 2. X 
 
vy/i. ;^.-: HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY : 225 
 
 , ' -'X ' ' ', 
 
 In regard to a communication from Orlo S. Palmer, administrator of the 
 estate of Amos B. Palmer offering the Palmer farm of I33>i acres to the 
 county for the sum of $11,000.00, we would respectfully refer to the open 
 board for your consideration. 
 
 The proposition of Orlo S. Palmer for the sale of land to Knox county re- 
 ferred to the almshouse committee and referred back to the open board, was, 
 on motion of Mr. Gale, not accepted. 
 
 September Meeting, 1904. Mr. Gale offered the following resolution, which 
 was, on his motion, made a special order of business for Thursday at ii a. m. 
 
 Resolved, That the almshouse committee be directed to prepare the south 
 rooms on the lower floor of the west wing of the almshouse for use as a ward 
 for contagious diseases and arrange for the care of all patients brought there 
 suffering from such diseases. 
 
 V- And, that after said committee shall have so arranged and shall notify 
 the several supervisors and poor masters of the county that they are prepared 
 to care for such cases; all persons suffering from contagious diseases who shall 
 become county charges shall, whenever possible, be by the several supervisors 
 and poor masters removed to the almshouse for care, and that in such cases 
 the county will not be responsible or pay any bills for aid rendered outside 
 of the almshouse, except the expense of removal to the almshouse, and care of 
 patients before such removal can be made. 
 
 Thursday Morning. The hour having arrived for the special order of busi- 
 ness relating to resolution of Mr. Gale, of the almshouse committee offered 
 on Tuesday, Mr. Gale moved the adoption of said resolution whereupon a roll 
 was demanded, which resulted as follows: 
 
 Ayes McWilliams, Latimer, Gale, Sisson, Geer, Swanson, Burkhalter, 
 George, Junk, Butt, Young, Farwell, Oberholtzer, Cardiff, 14. 
 
 Nays Cowan, Epperson, Clark, Robson, Fredericks, Woods, McDowell, 
 Sawyer, Sloan, Elliott, lo. ... ,: -. - - ,- .. - . . . . :. , -; 
 
 Motion carried. 
 
 December, 1904. TJie hour having arrived for action on the motion of Mr. 
 Butt of yesterday, which was set for a special order of business for 2 p. m. 
 today, in the matter of rescinding the action of the board at the September meet- 
 ing in relation to providing certain rooms in the almshouse for the care of 
 patients having contagious diseases, the same was, on motion of Mr. Cowan, laid 
 on the table. .':'..-.,..'/'-.' ^^-"^'j.'-":,- . ^''-^' ' -^ ^r ;-?. --V. ... 
 
 - V December Meeting, 1906. Mr. McWilliams of the almshouse committee read 
 the following special report : 
 
 The committee which were appointed to meet with the city of Galesburg in 
 regard to a pest-house will report that they find that Knox county has paid on 
 smallpox cases for doctor bills, nurses and groceries, approximately the sum of 
 $3,805.66 for the six years ending September, 1906. 
 
 And the committee would recommend that the chair appoint a committee of 
 three to meet with a like committee of aldermen of the city of Galesburg to fur- 
 ther investigate the advisability of building an isolated hospital for contagious 
 diseases and report to the board at the March meeting before entering into any 
 contract whatsoever. S. McWiLLiAMS. 
 
 Mr. McWilliams moved the adoption of the foregoing report, which was 
 seconded. ' 
 
 TM.S-U .'-...;';.-;':-.- ^:.--. > .- -^.:-.- 
 
226 HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY ' :>:-^^V ;,''-' 
 
 ' - _" . -^l'-: .;;/'!.-,-: '-;'.;. 
 
 After some discussion, Mr. Gale moved as an amendment that the chair 
 appoint a committee of three to act with a like number from the city council of 
 the city of Galesburg to make temporary provision for the care of cases of con- 
 tagious diseases now on hand and that may arise, which amendment was adopted. 
 
 Whereupon the chair appointed as said committee of three, Supervisors 
 McWilliams, Gale and Butt. Mr. Gale stated that he would be unable to serve 
 on said committee, whereupon the chair substituted Supervisor Farwell in his 
 stead. 
 
 March Meeting, 1907. Mr. Butt of the special committee appointed at the 
 December meeting of the board read the following report, and on motion of Mr. 
 Davison the same was adopted : 
 
 GALESBURG, 111., March 21, 1907. 
 To the Honorable Board of Supervisors. :..:.::'-' --vx'-'' I': C/f- '^ 
 
 GENTLEMEN : Your committee of three, which was appointed at the Decem- 
 ber meeting to meet with a like number from the city council of the city of Gales- 
 burg, to make temporary provision for the care of cases of contagious diseases 
 that were then on hand, and that might arise, would beg leave to make the follow- 
 ing report: :,/:.' ' ';:. r ' -v's':'-^^^.v -';:.,--:..-.:"-.':->. ^ ''''''-': ::: IrlJ:'-^- '''' 
 
 The committee representing the board of supervisors, with a like committee 
 representing the city council, met on January pth, 1907. Present Dr. Maley 
 S. McWilliams. Henry Hawkinson, O. J. Johnson and H. J. Butt, and Robert 
 Farwell, together with Dr. Hall of the board of health, and H. J. Butt, secretary. 
 The matter of a temporary pesthouse or detention hospital were fully discussed 
 and recommendations were offered by the doctors present. The committee 
 adjourned until afternoon, when a meeting was again held, and the representa- 
 tives of the city council that had conferred with the city board of health, and 
 had concluded that in as much as there was an emergency existing, a temporary 
 pesthouse should at once be secured. Dr. Hall of the board of health reported 
 that the board of health had rented the house owned by Mr. Gray on the corner of 
 Academy and Main streets. 
 
 - Upon motion. Dr. Maley, representing the city council, and H. J. Butt, repre- 
 senting the board of supervisors, were appointed a committee to furnish the 
 house as quickly as possible. The house was furnished as quickly and as cheaply 
 as could possibly be done, and on the lOth day of January it was ready for 
 occupancy. .:. --xC ' '' ' - . ; '; ^^^' '_r ; v- : v| : .-.;S - 
 
 On the nth day of January, this committee and all the board of health and 
 officers of the city of Galesburg were served with injunction to not further use 
 the house rented by the board of health for a pesthouse. Dr. Hall reported that 
 there was one case already in the house when the injunction was served. 
 The injunction suit was finally tried and the temporary injunction was made 
 permanent. 
 
 Your committee Messrs. McWilliams, Farwell and Butt, met immediately 
 after the injunction proceedings were finished, and concluded unanimously that 
 so far as the county committee was concerned, they would take no further part 
 in any further attempt to establish a temporary pesthouse in the city of Gales- 
 burg. 
 
 This committee would recommend to your honorable body that the county 
 purchase a piece of land outside of the city limits of the city of Galesburg and 
 
' ::r;>.; ; ' - : HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY.. . : '4 . 227 
 
 build thereon a pesthouse at a cost of not to exceed $3,000.00 and report at April f- , 
 meeting of board. . . . ... . , .:. . .; . : X 
 
 All of which is respectfully submitted. 'V ;:; ^'' ' ';..-..-' .. 
 
 '' . . . ' '. '-,:-.- .~-'--'".': ' .' 
 
 : '^['''''- S. McWiLLIAMS, ' ;''>^': '";.'- 
 
 -:;'' -.^.v'"- , "'''-'"''';'-;:.-:-'' 'i'-;'.-'^;:'i-;'X''.: ROBERT E. FARWELL, ./y- ^'^o;':- ^. 
 
 '^: , -'..;.;: \. :;:',:; V ;;:::;:; ; >,; i^^/,. .;' ;;; ^;- \,>'t :'" ^'. H. J. BUTT, " ' ''r^/;'-' 
 
 Committee. -";. 
 
 September Meeting, 1907. Mr. McDowell offered a motion that the alms- - 
 house committee be authorized to purchase additional land for the almshouse and 
 poor- farm at a cost of not to exceed the amount of $5,000.00. .. . ; - - <C 
 
 A roll call upon the adoption of said motion resulted as follows: ::; 
 
 Ayes McWilliams, Latimer, Paden, Burkhalter, Geer, Larson, O'Neill, Bar- - 
 low, Burgland, Davison, Deatherage, Jones, Butt, Spenny, Greig, Hoxworth, Reb- ; /. 
 stock. Young, McDowell, Whiting, Sloan, Mcllravy, 22. ,;'.-.-;',. > ' 
 
 Nays Farwell, Oberholtzer, 2. ' 
 
 Thereupon the chair declared that as a two-thirds majority of all the mem- .^ '; 
 bers of the county board had voted in the affirmative, the motion was carried. ; 
 
 December Meeting, 1907. Mr. Whiting offered the following resolution,.-./. 
 which on his motion was adopted: :~ ,, 
 
 Resolved, That the county clerk be directed to issue orders at the rate of 
 seventy-five dollars ($75.00) per month for the ensuing year payable to the order 
 of the Knox County Kindergarten Association of Galesburg, Illinois, upon the 
 same condition as to the care of children who are, or may become, county charges .. 
 as are now required by the rules of this board. 7 , 
 
 September Meeting, 1908. Mr. McWilliams of the almshouse committee 
 presented the following report, which, on his motion, was made a special order 
 of business for Thursday at 1 130 p. m. ^ '.-:' 
 
 GALESBURG, 111., Sept. 8th, 1908. 
 To the Honorable Board of Supervisors, Knox County, Illinois. , 
 
 GENTLEMEN: Your committee which were authorized by the motion of Su- 
 pervisor Butt at the June meeting of this board to investigate the matter of light- 
 ing the Knox county almshouse and buildings, beg leave to submit the following . 
 report: /v : 
 
 That your committee met at the court house in Galesburg on August 4th, ' ; -^ 
 1908, and found that in order to get at the matter of investigation of a lighting >V. 
 system for the above-named buildings that it was necessary to have a blueprint v; ' 
 made of the same; whereupon your committee contracted with Architect J. Grant 
 Beadle to make the same at a cost of $50.00, and upon the receipt of the same we 
 proceeded to advertise for bids for the wiring for electricity and the piping for 
 gas of the said buildings, as per specifications, and received the following bids ' 
 for piping said buildings for gas : ; . :.v /v / v.:^ -;. . . : . ;:.:--^_.;; 
 
 BID OF C. S. TELFORD COMPANY 
 
 "We hereby offer and agree to do the gas fitting in the Knox county aims- 
 house, in Knoxville, Illinois, furnishing all pipe, fittings and labor in accordance 
 to the plans and specifications furnished by J. Grant Beadle, architect, for the 
 
228 ":: HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY ::;:;:- X.^ 
 
 sum of five hundred and ten dollars ($510.00). This proposition does not include 
 gas fixtures." 
 
 And also received the following bid for wiring for electricity: .': - 
 
 : - . BID OF THE KNOXVILLE ELECTRIC LIGHT AND POWER COMPANY 
 
 "We the undersigned, will agree to furnish all material and labor for wiring 
 the Knox county almshouse, and all of the outbuildings for electric lights as 
 per your specifications, except the chandeliers, which were not specified what 
 kind they should be, but will furnish all wire, sockets and labor for wiring and 
 hanging such fixtures as you may choose, for the sum of $1,531.00. 
 
 "We also agree to furnish one switch or feeder panel board to be blue Ver- 
 mont marble, i^ inches thick, 30 by 48 inches, complete with all switches and 
 fuse, for the additional sum of $130.00. ,;;-.. . | : 
 
 "We, the undersigned, will agree to furnish electric current for lighting the 
 Knox county almshouse at Knoxville at the following price : The first 250 kilo- 
 watts consumed each month, lo cents per kilowatt; the second 250 kilowatts. 9 
 cents per kilowatt. All above 500 kilowatts consumed each month, up to i,ooo 
 kilowatts, 8 cents per kilowatt; all above i.ooo kilowatts consumed each month, 
 7 cents per kilowatt; we to furnish all poles, wire and other material. Also 
 all transformers, meters, and deliver the current on board in building, free of 
 cost to you." ' .';;"''..' . '--. r-.- ..' -v -/.^ . .[ '^.''.-^. 
 
 Your committee herewith also present the bids of the Arthur Frantzeen 
 Company, McFell Electric Company and the Macomb Electric Construction Com- 
 pany, which we recommend be filed. 
 
 Your committee would respectfully recommend that the matter of lighting the 
 almshouse and buildings be referred to the open board for final decision. |; > 
 
 Bid for piping for gas , $ 5 lo.oo 
 
 Bid for wiring for electricity 1,531.00 
 
 Bid for switchboard 130.00 
 
 Total cost as per bids $2,171.00 
 
 All of which is respectfully submitted. 
 
 S. M. McWiLLIAMS, ' 
 
 . >'i^; . J. O. BAIRD, ;' . 
 
 ' 'vi . . : JOHN C. GEER, > 7^ 
 
 ^'; . .' .X:','; ' "; '' \ .'-. ' . JOHN SPENNY, V;,\ 
 
 : :-;^:. . ' R.E.DAVIDSON, 
 
 . ..-:... _ Committee. 
 
 The hour set for the special order of business relative to the matter of the 
 piping and wiring of the Knox county almshouse at Knoxville, on motion, the 
 report of the almshouse committee, presented to the board on Tuesday morning, 
 was again read. 
 
 After some discussion Mr. Barlow moved that the almshouse committee be 
 instructed to investigate the different lighting systems, and they be authorized 
 to install such a system of lighting at the almshouse as the committee deemed 
 advisable and most economical for the county, which motion carried. 
 
 December, 1908. Mr. Davidson, of the committee on almshouse and outside 
 
HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY : V'; -v 229 
 
 pauper claims, read the following special report in relation to wiring and piping 
 of the almshouse for lighting, which, on his motion, was adopted and its recom- 
 mendations concurred in: : v,. : .v.i : 
 To the Honorable Board of Supervisors of Knox County, Illinois: 
 
 Your committee on almshouse and poor-farm would respectfully present the 
 following report on the matter of wiring the almshouse for lighting by electricity 
 and piping the same for gas, in accordance with the meeting of the board of 
 supervisors : 
 
 Your committee met at the Knox county court house in Galesburg on Thurs- 
 day, September 17, 1908, to advertise for bids for wiring and piping the aims- 
 house for light purposes according to plans and specifications on file in the county 
 clerk's office. 
 
 Upon motion made by Mr. Geer and seconded by Mr. Baird, Mr. Spenny 
 and Mr. Cooke were empowered to oversee work in regard to repairing and set- 
 ting old boiler taken out of laundry at almshouse and to be used for heating 
 purposes at almshouse. Motion carried. 
 
 Your committee again met at the Knox county court house on Monday, 
 October 12, 1908, to open bids for wiring and piping almshouse. 
 
 Upon motion made by Mr. Geer and seconded by Mr. Baird, the Knoxville 
 Electric Light and Power Company were allowed the contract for wiring the 
 almshouse for the sum of $1,200.00, according to plans and specifications by 
 J. Grant Beadle, architect, now on file in the county clerk's office. Also that 
 said Knoxville Electric Light and Power Company be allowed the sum of $125 
 for one Vermont marble switchboard, 24x60 inches, ij4 inches thicfc, all wired up 
 complete. Motion carried; bond of $i,ooo to accompany the contract. 
 
 It was further agreed to enter into contract with said Knoxville Electric 
 Light and Power Company to furnish light at almshouse for two years from 
 January i, 1909, for the sum of 7^/2 cents per kilowatt. - '. . 
 
 The bid of C. S. Telford for piping almshouse for gas according to plans 
 and specifications furnished by J. Grant Beadle, architect, now on file in county 
 clerk's office, for $465, was accepted and contract entered into, a bond of $300 
 being attached to contract. 
 
 We would recommend that the clerk be directed to issue a county order to 
 J. Grant Beadle, for $55, for making plans and specifications for wiring and 
 piping the almshouse and buildings, in accordance with contract with him as 
 heretofore reported by your committee to this board. 
 
 All of which is respectfully submitted. We move the adoption of the report 
 and recommendations concurred in.-.. :; . ., / . -r -. : ; ; 
 
 ... ... ._. ._ .^ ._.....,..... ,-::;.. ^'"''.;^;''v':-'' S. M. McWiLLiAMS, '-^^.;' 
 
 -.,':' .-. .. '':-. ' -./ ' ' 'i-''l ^V^vV .V ';.':'''-;' v'^:: V.- J. O. BMRD, :f,--\-^ 
 
 ^::,v';^ ;/.;.;; '.V.: :^- -^^ '.:V-'.;-.;'.."":--'.. ' ^- -.'^i-X'T-i - R- E. DAVIDSOJJ,:.^ :-;(.':!'] 
 
 V ^'^^/ '''.^'^^-' ' -v '"'^ ',;-' -;":'^\,^' ^' /''-:;..;.. /'^' \:- ',:N\''I- JOHN C. GEER, .; i'- '''-'''/-, 
 
 ''!'-.. ".'' -v ';.' -i' ., ^'" '-'. ;.''.:'.'. ''^'^':'?-."' JOHN SPENNY, ''.. 
 
 Committee. 
 
 September, 1909. On motion of Mr. McWilliams, the board granted the 
 privilege of the floor to Dr. C. B. Ripley, who addressed the board on the subject 
 of establishing a county sanitarium for the treatment of tuberculosis. 
 
 On motion of Mr. Sloan, the almshouse committee was authorized to enter 
 
230 HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY '';-- ? 
 
 into contract with one of the hospitals in the city of Galesburg for the care of 
 county patients, - . ., ; : ; " '.f-'. ::v, v ^ 
 
 December, 1909. The following special report of the almshouse corhmittee, 
 together with contract, order to county clerk and statements relative to purchase 
 of the Nicholas Peterson farm were read : 
 To the Honorable Board of Supervisors of Kno.r County, Illinois: : i :) : ' ; 
 
 Your committee authorized at the September meeting of the board of super- 
 visors of Knox county to purchase additional land for the almshouse and poor- 
 farm, beg leave to submit the following report : 
 
 That on October 23, 1909, your committee purchased from C. W. Morris his 
 interest in what is known as the Nicholas Peterson farm, he holding a contract 
 for the same, agreeing to pay therefore $19,925, and for which said interest of 
 said C. W. Morris in said contract, we paid by county clerk's order $3,800, 
 leaving due on said contract sums due as follows, to-wit: 
 
 January i, 1910, $1,125, ^"d March 3, 1910, $15,000. -:--:;: -1 ^, 
 
 Your committee would recommend that they be granted authority to make 
 such arrangements as are necessary for meeting the further terms of the contract, 
 and to direct the county clerk to issue clerk's orders in payment thereof. Said 
 land described as follows: Situate in the county of Knox and state of Illinois, 
 known and described as lots one (i) and five (5) (according to the plat on 
 page 366 of Volume 44, Knox County Deed Records) of the southeast quarter 
 of section twenty (20), and also the southeast quarter of the northeast quarter 
 of said section twenty (20), all of said lands situated in township eleven (ii) 
 north, range two (2) east of the fourth principal meridian. ;...:, .| ' 
 
 June, 1911. Mr. Sargent presented and read the following communication, 
 together with the petitions accompanying same. ; 
 
 GALESBURG, 111., June 13, 1911. 
 To the Honorable Board of Supervisors of Knox County, ,..,': 1 
 
 GENTLEMEN: At a meeting held on Tuesday evening, June 8, 1911, the 
 undersigned discussed the question of the feasibility of a tent colony for the 
 treatment of those in this county afflicted with tuberculosis, and it was the 
 unanimous sentiment that the time had come for a positive step in this direction 
 and that your honorable body is best situated to take the initial steps, in view of 
 the fact that the county has already purchased the land needed for that purpose. 
 It was generally understood at the time of the acquisition that ultimately the 
 county would establish such a tent colony or sanitarium there for the accommo- 
 dation of the people of this county. Since the procuring of the land there have 
 been many deaths in the county from consumption, and there are now within its 
 confines many such with the disease. It seems only the part of mercy that all 
 such be afforded the modern facilities for treatment close at home. It was the 
 unanimous opinion of those of us who are physicians that the tent colony offers 
 the best method of stamping out the disease. As taxpayer^ and citizens we ask 
 your respectful consideration of the subject, and also that you assist insofar as 
 your honorable body can in the dissemination of information among the homes 
 
:V ^ ; ;;:w- X HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY ;';;::- 231 ^ 
 
 of the county regarding the disease to the end that its ravages may be mitigated. 
 All of which, with the accompanying petitions, is respectfully submitted. .''''.^' ! 
 
 > r" : :..; ;-" . J. M. Cox, M.D., -; .'4 J- C. SIMPSON, -v.^;;: ;\ 
 
 >; :\'xu :::: J. F. PERCY, M.D., - ;:;; G. W. KIRBY, v.' V.';..: ; 
 
 .-.:'.. ' , C. B. RiPLEY, M.D., '''' ROBERT CHAPPELL, - ., 'v 
 
 y T. '^^ ; :', ^^' :; G. A. LONGBRAKE, M.D., A.I.SARGENT, ^.:'^'v '; 
 
 :;^' V. / ' :' GEORGE W. THOMPSON, A. B. DIETZ,^ v. ::-./.; -v.: 
 
 E. R. DRAKE, FRED R. JELLIFF. 
 
 We, the undersigned, being firmly convinced that the time has come when 
 this county should provide suitable equipment for the stamping out of tuber- 
 culosis in our midst, and thereby saving to the community hundreds of useful 
 lives ; and believing that further delay is unjustifiable, do hereby respectfully 
 petition the honorable board of supervisors of Knox county to take immediate 
 steps toward equipping a tent colony on the land recently purchased by the board \ 
 for that purpose. . ;;. :r .:/ : v;^.:: :. 
 
 : . CLARK E. CARR, F.M.CONNOLLY, .;^-:'.\-v,: ^^ . ' 
 
 .; ' ;/-.:> GEORGE W. PRINCE, REV. STUART M. CAMPBELL, .;> 
 
 ' - :. M. J. DAUGHERTY, THOMAS MCCLELLAND, ': 
 
 GEORGE SANDERSON, AND 200 OTHERS. . :? . 
 
 Dr. Sargent then stated that Dr. Cox and others of the Medical Society -. 
 of the City of Galesburg and Knox county were present and he requested 
 that they be permitted to address the board. Whereupon he introduced Dr. Cox, -^ 
 who stated that he was representing the Medical Society of the City of Galesburg, 
 and came before them to urge the necessity and importance of the establishment ; 
 of a sanitarium for the care and treatment of persons afflicted with tuberculosis, 
 and suggested the appointment of a committee of the members of the board of ' 
 supervisors to investigate the question and give it thorough consideration, with 
 the object of establishing such a sanitarium on a broad basis so that all classes 
 could and would avail themselves of the advantages thereof. . j' : 
 
 Dr. William O'R. Bradley also addressed the board, and he urged the co-oper- 
 ation of the board of supervisors with the medical societies of the city of Gales- 
 burg and Knox county in establishing and putting in order and thoroughly equip- 
 ping a sanitarium for the treatment of tuberculosis. ' . '. : 
 
 Dr. G. A. Longbrake also appeared and emphasized the importance of isola- 
 tion of tubercular patients for their own benefit and for the prevention of the 
 spread of the disease among persons not affected by it. 
 
 Dr. Ryan also spoke to the board and emphasized the importance of the estab-';> ' 
 lishment of a sanitarium for the treatment of tuberculosis. .:, .....:; 
 
 Dr. Ripley stated that he appeared as the representative of the County Medi- 
 cal Society, and the County Society joined with the City Medical Society in urg- ':- 
 ing the importance of the matter of the establishment of a sanitarium for the 
 proper treatment of tuberculosis. , : .- . ^ 
 
 Mr. Greig here stated to the board that personally he realized .the need of the 
 proper care and treatment of tubercular subjects and the great importance of the '^ 
 matter; but that if the sanitarium mentioned in the discussion before the board 
 would be solely for the accommodation of patients from Knox county, he ques- 
 tioned whether the community was large enough to warrant the great expense 
 necessary to establish and properly equip and maintain a sanitarium, and he 
 
232 HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY ^t'" :. V; 
 
 expressed his belief that the time would come when the treatment and care 
 of tubercular cases would be carried on in like manner by the state as the insane 
 patients are now cared for, and in such a case the large outlay by counties for 
 the purpose would be useless. 
 
 Dr, Sargent then offered a motion that a special committee of five members 
 of the board be appointed by the chairman, with instructions to confer with the 
 medical societies of the city of Galesburg and Knox county and make some defi- 
 nite recommendations as to the propriety of establishing a colony or sanitarium 
 for the care and treatment of tuberculosis, and report the results of their con- ' 
 siderations to the next September meeting of the county board, which motion 
 prevailed. 
 
 Mr. Deatherage then offered a motion that the special committee be appointed 
 for the consideration of the tubercular colony and sanitarium matter, be given 
 authority to visit sanitaria in other places and investigate the methods and expense 
 of conducting such places and make a full report of same to the board, and the 
 county to pay the expense of the committee in making such investigations, which 
 motion prevailed. 
 
 September, 1911. The chair announced that the hour had arrived which was 
 set for a special order of business, and offered the representatives of the Knox 
 County and Galesburg Medical Societies that were present the privilege of address- 
 ing the board. 
 
 Whereupon Dr. Cox appeared and discussed the estimated cost of establish- 
 ment and maintenance of a sanitarium for the treatment of tuberculosis for 
 Knox county, as based upon reports on like institutions in the state of New 
 York and other eastern states. 
 
 Mr. Minnich, secretary of the Illinois association for the prevention of Tuber- 
 culosis also spoke briefly along the same lines and of the purpose and value of 
 such as institution. . - ., 
 
 Dr. Franing then spoke briefly on the same subject. 
 
 Mr. Robson of the special committee on the sanitarium for the treatment 
 of tuberculosis read the following report: " ' .^^ -I -: 
 
 To the Honorable Board of Supervisors: 
 
 Your committee, to whom was referred the matter pertaining to the estab- 
 lishment of a tuberculosis sanitarium, would respectfully report to your hon- 
 orable board, that they met on Aug. pth at the court house, at which time a 
 number of the physicians were present and their arguments were heard, and we 
 are presenting herewith a folder presented by the physicians as their final ar- 
 gument in favor of the establishment of a county sanitarium. 
 
 From the statement made by the physicians we have their estimate that there 
 are approximately 234 people in Knox county affected with tuberculosis. We 
 have the statement of the physicians that in 1909 there were in Knox county 
 297 deaths, from all causes, and 50 of these were from tuberculosis. We find 
 from the records that during the year from Nov., 1909, to Nov., 1910, there 
 were 28 deaths reported as caused from tuberculosis and 8 more from some 
 form of tuberculosis other than pulmonary tuberculosis. From this informa- 
 tion it would seem, that if a tubercular sanitarium were to be established, that 
 it should have a capacity of from 50 to 60 patients. 
 
 With the idea of seeking further information, as to what was necessary in 
 
HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY ; /> ' 288 
 
 the establishing of a proper tubercular sanitarium, your committee visited the 
 Edward sanitarium, at Naperville, 111. This is an institution for the treatment 
 of incipient pulmonary tuberculosis, and only patients in the early stages of 
 pulmonary tuberculosis are admitted. 
 
 ; This institution has a permanent service building, with dining room, kitchen, 
 laundry and accommodations for the employees. It also has a medical building, 
 including office, medical facilities, laboratory, infirmary and rooms for the 
 medical and nursing stafl. The service building was a gift, and represents an 
 expenditure of approximately $12,000. The medical building was built at a 
 cost of $21,435. This cost does not include the installation of a laboratory, 
 such as seems to be necessary for an institution of this kind, and which would 
 cost approximately $4,000, this being the cost of the laboratory at Ottawa. 
 This institution has also 4 open air shacks with a capacity of 36 beds. These 
 shacks cost approximately $i,ioo each. There are also 5 tents, having a ca- 
 pacity of lo beds, which cost about $125.00 each. This gives a capacity of 
 46 patients in the shacks and tents, the balance being provided for in the medical 
 building. There are also in this institution, two day resting shacks, representing 
 a cost of a little over $500 or a total investment of approximately $42,500. 
 : . This institution shows a total operating expense, outside of improvements 
 to buildings and grounds and furniture and furnishings, of approximately 
 $21,600 per year. The per capita expense at this place is approximately $10.00 
 per patient per week. It will also be noted that these patients are expected to 
 do considerable towards their own care, in the way of taking care of their 
 accommodations, such as care of sleeping quarters, etc. ; ;;. 
 
 Your committee also visited the colony at Ottawa, 111., and found there an 
 institution with a capacity of about 60 patients. This institution has an ad- 
 ministration building, containing the dining room, offices, and accommodations 
 for the employees, together with heating plant and kitchen, which represents 
 a cost of approximately $25.000. There is a bath house costing $4500 and an 
 annex or shack, containing the laboratory and sleeping apartments for 5 or 
 6 patients. At this institution the patients are principally kept in tents, each 
 patient having an individual tent. About half of the tents in this institution 
 are permanent affairs and cost about $250.00 each, and the other are temporary 
 tents and cost about $215.00 each. The total investment here represents ap- 
 proximately $48,000.00. 
 
 At this institution, not only the incipient cases are admitted but also the 
 more advanced, although the latter are not desired. The annual cost of main- 
 taining this institution was not obtainable although we were advised by the 
 superintendent that the pay roll was about $2000 per month, and judging from 
 the records of the Edward Sanitarium at Naperville, your committee is in- 
 clined to the belief that this represents about one-half of the actual cost of 
 
 operation. ::/': .^'V;-.' ';-.:/..>., .'-- -.:' . .'!;;':/;';>;;-."-:/ 
 
 The cost of construction given herein for the two institutions does not 
 include the cost of real estate or the installation of the proper water service, 
 nor the drainage or sewerage proposition. 
 
 , ;. Both of the institutions mentioned, cater principally to the patients who 
 are able to pay their way, more especially the colony at Ottawa. The colony 
 at Naperville received contributions from outside sources which enables them 
 
234 : HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY .;^': : I 
 
 to provide for a number of free patients. Their statement from 1907 to 1911, 
 shows that 40 per cent of the patients were pay patients, 51 per cent were free 
 patients maintained by private subscriptions and from other sources, and 9 per 
 cent were semi free, or in other words, assisted in part by various organizations 
 and individuals. 
 
 The costs enumerated herein, are for the care of the incipient cases. It 
 would appear that this cost would necessarily be insufficient where the care 
 of advanced cases are to be undertaken. 
 
 Your committee is very firmly of the belief, that if Knox county is to un- 
 dertake the establishment of a tuberculosis sanitarium that it should, most em- 
 phatically, provide for the care of the advanced cases, although there is no 
 way by which these apparently dangerous cases may be compelled to submit to 
 treatment or even to the sanitarium, except in the most advanced cases, coming 
 from the homes where the illness causes dependency. These cases have been, 
 and are now being received at the almshouse and cared for in a very satisfactory 
 manner. :- ;.;.:-.;. y/ ;.;'':;,-, ''^ .';!.''. -"v^'-'i':', ./''"' 
 
 Your committee is further of the opinion that should this honorable board 
 see fit, at this time, to establish a county sanitarium for the care and treat- 
 ment of tuberculosis, that a reasonable sanitarium could be established at a 
 cost of approximately $25,000. '' - :;;v>- ,;-.';.;- V;;;^^-! .:. 
 
 The fact that the present tax levy is practically up to the limit allowed by 
 law, would make it necessary that this amount be provided by a bond issue of 
 the county for this purpose. 
 
 Your committee further believes that a great deal of good might be done 
 along this line by education and would recommend that the matter be taken 
 up with the county superintendent of schools in order that the results obtained 
 from proper care in cases of tuberculosis might be taught in the public schools 
 of the county. 
 '.':!' " \\ -..' :: v'- . E. P. RoBsoN, -t .;:"'. 
 
 , ',> V : ' , . ^ ' S. A. HoxwoRTH, 
 
 '' : \;:,'^ : . ':".':. ' . ' ' ' -^:^' J. W. BARRY, 
 
 . N:;- : : J- O- BAIRD, 
 
 ' >'V ';''''' ' ' "'' "" "' ':'''/' .^" " A. F. PADEN. 
 To the Honorable, the Special Committee of the Board of Supervisors of Knox 
 
 County, on the Question of a Tuberculosis Sanitarium. 
 
 GENTLEMEN : In this final argument in favor of the establishment of a 
 county sanitarium for the treatment of tubercular patients, it is not our in- 
 tention or desire to wear out the patience of this honorable body. We wish to 
 present simply the salient points touching upon the cause of the disease, its 
 universal dissemination, false ideas about its propagation and spread, its social 
 side and its financial aspect, its prevention and lastly its care and cure, so 
 that you will have a firm basis of fact for your action. 
 
 The disease was named phthisis or consumption by the Greeks because of 
 [ its wasting action. Hippocrates, the Greak physician, who lived twenty cen- 
 turies ago, gives an accurate description of the disease, which does not vary 
 much from what we see today. The disease has spread so that today it is 
 found in every clime and among all people. Its virulence varies with the 
 physical development of the people, their racial history and their environment 
 
^';^ : .':^;' ;; HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY - ^ .^v 235 
 
 and social habits. Some people are unusually susceptible to the disease, notable 
 the negroes, and mulattoes and the Indians, especially half breeds. People who 
 have lived an outdoor life for generations and are then housed by civilization 
 are very prone to it and whole tribes have been "literally wiped off the face 
 of the earth" when they have been educated to clothes and foul smelling hut. 
 
 The real nature of the disease was not known until 1882 when Koch, the 
 great German scientist, discovered the germ, and by cultivation and inoculation 
 proved it to be the cause of the disease. Prior to this time it was supposed to 
 be hereditary and when a person was attacked all hope was gone and little was 
 done in the way of prevention or cure. 
 
 The disease is caused by the bacillus tuberculosis, a small germ which has 
 to be magnified 800 or i,ooo times and colored before it can be detected. It is 
 hardy and tenacious of life. When expectorated and allowed to lodge in a warm, 
 damp place, it will live two months. 
 
 Heating to a temperature of 145 degrees will not kill it. If, however, it is 
 exposed to the air and sunlight for two days it will be destroyed. Sunlight 
 and fresh air sounds the death knell of tuberculosis. The germs have never 
 been discovered in the blood nor is there an authentic instance where the dis- 
 ease has been transmitted from the mother to the unborn child. 
 
 It is mildly contagious, if at all. It is transmitted in two ways usually 
 by inhalation and by means of the food. Sixty-four per cent occurs by inhaling 
 the dried sputum and 20 per cent by ingesting the germs. There may be other 
 ways but they are not fully proven, possibly by inoculation. The infection 
 occurs by means of the dried sputum, which is carried about by the air and 
 inhaled, or by drops of mucous which may be expectorated on the pillow or 
 sheets and some one lies on them and becomes infected. The tonsil is an ex- 
 cellent resting place for the germ until it matures and develops. 
 
 It is quite well established that children are infected by tuberculosis cow's 
 milk. That fact that nearly all children who have tuberculosis have the glands 
 of the bowel and its covering infected, would seem to prove this conclusively. 
 
 Years ago when it was the common belief that the disease was hereditary and, 
 therefore, inevitable in a family, it was no uncommon thing to see a sick patient 
 cover the floor with foul expectoration which was allowed to dry and was 
 wafted by the wind to all parts of the neighborhood, infecting not only the 
 family, but every one in the vicinity. Domestic animals have often been thus 
 infected. 
 
 It has been conclusively proven that 7 per cent of all deaths are due to the 
 disease the world over. That, however, does not tell half the story. German 
 pathologists have proven by autopsies that fully 75 per cent of all the people who 
 died had the disease in some form or other. This was true of children as well 
 as adults. What a sad state of affairs! Fortunately all people who have tu- 
 bercles do not develop the disease. They are a constant menace, however, 
 so that when the system becomes debilitated and the people live in dark houses 
 with foul air, there is a physical explosion and consumption results. The far 
 greater frequency of tuberculosis in cities as compared to country districts and 
 villages is shown by statistics of Paris in the number of cases per thousand 5 
 per cent and in the villages 2 per cent. Under preventive measures and better 
 hygiene the ratio of tuberculosis is gradually decreasing. In New York the 
 
1286 ^ HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY !.-";^ i\ 
 
 mortality has decreased 50 per cent in lo years, and it has fallen 40 per cent 
 in Philadelphia in the same time. Hilles has shown that by the same rate of 
 decrease as has occurred in Prussia in the past ten years, the disease will be 
 
 : extinct in 1927, and in England 1947. 
 
 It is an appalling thing to contemplate that at least 75 per cent of our 
 people carry the germs of tuberculosis. It is estimated that more than one 
 hundred thousand die from the disease annually in the United States. During 
 
 . 1909 there were 65,612 deaths in the state of Illinois from all causes and 
 7,078 were from consumption. In the age period between 20 and 30 there 
 were in Illinois 5,205 deaths from all causes. Of this number 1849 were from 
 tuberculosis which is a death rate of 35 per cent. Thus during the most active 
 period of life 35 per cent of the deaths are from this dread disease. In Knox 
 county alone there were 497 deaths from all causes and 50 of those were 
 
 . from consumption. This is not a sporadic condition due to some sudden epi- 
 demic, but is a continuous condition. ; ; s '' - ;^' --"'.i.^';', "'' -^ .1 : 
 .. Thus the matter is brought down to our homes. Every year fifty of our 
 
 . people die of this disease and almost half of them are at the development per- 
 iod. It is time something were done to check the ravages of this death dealing 
 agent. How many homes have you seen in your county completely decimated 
 by this disease because the patients could not get proper care? Prevention is 
 the watch word. The people are being educated along the line of hygiene 
 by the schools and various organizations for the prevention of tuberculosis, 
 but it will be several generations before the disease is under control. In the 
 
 J meantime the unfortunates who have the disease have to be cared for and cured 
 if possible. While change of climate plays a part in the checking of the dis- 
 
 ' . ease, it is unimportant as compared to the proper care and feeding in the climate 
 and environment to which the consumptive is accustomed. Home treatment is 
 
 ' almost a failure in those cases. They need at all times intelligent supervision. 
 They may be educated to sleep out of doors which helps a great deal, but their 
 diet must be well balanced and of such a quality that it can be properly as- 
 similated. It is much harder to control the patients in their own home because 
 of the anxious solicitation of their friends, who break the rules laid down and ir- 
 retrievably injure the patient. It is impossible to make unhygienic surroundings 
 fit for consumptive patients. The surroundings should be pleasant and every- 
 
 thing done that would tend to take his mind from himself and his terrible af- 
 fliction. It would be a revelation for you to see the patients sent even from 
 good homes to the sanitarium by people who thought they were competent 
 to handle the patient. In nearly every case a crime against good judgment was 
 committed when it was sought to do only good. 
 
 The sanitarium is as necessary in the treatment of tuberculosis as is the 
 
 . hospital in the successful handling of medical and surgical cases. 
 
 It is an institution equipped for the care of the sick and has facilities for 
 
 ' the successful application of physiological therapeutics that cannot be provided 
 in the home. 
 
 Of the many obstacles to the successful application of the treatment of 
 tuberculosis, not the least is in meeting the necessary expense of treatment. 
 
 . When sanitarium treatment is suggested as it has been in the past, we were 
 met with the obstacle that the patient was not able to stand the expense. That 
 
^;; - ;y V ;,; ; HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY ^ ' .'-.'C:. , 2gt7. 
 
 was all too true, and it is for that very reason that county sanitariums are being 
 established. They will reduce the expense to the minimum, and at the same 
 time will be near at hand for the patients. 
 
 '- However, we cannot escape from the burden of tuberculosis, no matter 
 which way we turn. It must be borne by the patient or his friends or by the 
 state. Fortunately the cure is the least expensive, but up to the present the 
 fact has not been realized. There is as much money spent in the care of tuber- 
 culosis patients as would be necessary to cure all those afflicted if properly ap- 
 plied. It will usually cost less to cure a patient in a sanitarium than to care for 
 him during the months and even years of his illness, to say nothing about the 
 loss of his own time and that of his friends who care for him. . . ,- . 
 
 THE ECONOMIC VALUE OF THE SANITARIUM TREATMENT OF PULMONARY .';; 
 
 ''V-'\:';. /,'- .:'. ^-'\-''', ''::;.;:;..:.:::-' TUBERCULOSIS ''-'--i/-: ' ^:' ' ,:~'^: ..-:;'' 
 
 Dr. David Russell Lyman, Wallingford : The Gaylord Farm Sanitarium was 
 opened September, 1904, and on May ii, 1911, they had 676 discharged 
 patients who had been away from the institution for six months or longer. 
 Thirty-four were school children and had no earning capacity. This left 633 
 cases on wh'ich my study is based. X^he results of treatment are in direct 
 ratio with the stage of the disease at which the diagnosis is made. The in- 
 cipient cases show an average total earning of $1,020.60, the moderately ad- 
 vanced of $842.22, while the far advanced earned an average of $192.10. The 
 incipient cases showed a working capacity of 70 per cent, of their total time 
 since discharge ; the moderately advanced 59 per cent, and the far advanced only 
 23 per cent. The average weekly wages varied but little for the three classes. 
 In another table dealing with 262 cases discharged as "arrested.," 253 "improved," 
 and ii8 "progressive" the arrested show an average total earnings of $1,039.48; 
 the improved $719.53 ; the progressive only $72.55. The percentage of "weeks 
 of work" to "weeks of life" is 67 per cent, for the arrested, 47 per cent, for 
 the improved and 14 per cent, for the progressives. The total expenditure was 
 $236,744.51, whereas the amount already earned by discharged patients was 
 $464,406.00, a return of about 200 per cent, within six years from the com- 
 mencement of the work. 
 
 Truden : Reports at the Adirondack's Sanitarium show 72 per cent, of in- 
 cipient cases cured, and 17 per cent of advanced cases. Rutland Sanitarium 
 shows 72 per cent of incipient cases cured and 46 per cent of advanced. 
 
 Truden says that out of 1,000 cases treated and followed up at the end of 
 15 years 46 per cent were still living. 
 
 The apparent simplicity of the treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis is one 
 of the chief sources of error in its application and involves a real danger. This 
 is a fundamental fact which is not but must be realized before we are on a 
 solid footing. The medical profession have reached substantially the agreement 
 that the underlying principles of treatment is constant fresh air, good and 
 abundant food and rest. :.;...'. 
 
 We have not attempted to go into the details of the economic loss from 
 tuberculosis, because it would consume too much space, but, the few data given 
 above will show the great saving to the state from the cure of those afflicted. 
 
238 ' HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY v-' 
 
 Tuberculosis is the greatest scourge of all the ages. ;xf--^ ^ ' / ^ 
 
 It has the highest death rate of any disease. '- , 
 
 It is not hereditary. .:',. 
 
 It is preventable. :. :~ " .\ .' 
 
 It can be cured if taken in time. 
 
 The sanitarium is the proper place for the care and treatment. 
 
 With this great array of scientific facts and data attesting the universality >. ' 
 
 of the disease and its enormous death rate before you, what is your duty as % 
 supervisors? ' , T ' ; -^v' v- V^^ 
 
 The legislature at its last meeting passed a bill giving counties the right ^ . 
 
 to provide suitable sanitaria for the care of its tubercular patients. By so doing -,v 
 
 they recognize the right of the state to provide for its delinquents and to pro- ^r,. 
 
 tect its citizens in their health as well as in their social or financial status. At ' :^ 
 
 various times in the last few decades the state has passed laws giving the ;.'/.:. 
 health department, in the state as well as in the cities, the power to induce quar- 
 
 antine for the protection of its citizens, and in some cases it has even provided .-, 
 
 means of cure, viz., the supplying of antitoxin for the cure of diphtheria. "". v> 
 
 In addition to the state law recently passed prohibiting the public drinking . '.' 
 
 cup. Chicago has passed a local ordinance to the same effect so that they might ,';:, 
 
 better control the situation. v > 
 
 If Knox county supervisors were to pass a resolution favorable to the - "^^ 
 
 erection of a suitable sanitarium it would not be a pioneer in this matter for ;: > 
 
 already it is found from statistics published in the new tuberculosis directory . ^: 
 
 of the national association for the study and prevention of tuberculosis, that . 
 
 over 700 cities and towns of the United States and Canada are engaged in . . 
 
 the war against consumption and that on April i, 1911, there were nearly 1,500 ' ' , 
 
 different agencies. at work in the crusade; an increase of nearly 700 per cent 
 
 in the last seven years. V ' 
 
 The new directory lists 421 tuberculosis sanitaria hospitals and day camps; .A;.-' 
 
 511 associations and committees for the prevention of tuberculosis; 342 special r^f 
 
 dispensaries; 68 open air schools; 98 hospitals for the insane and penal in- :. V 
 
 stitutions making special provision for their tuberculosis inmates, besides giving ..'-'V 
 
 an account of the anti-tuberculosis legislation in every state and in about 250 ": 
 
 cities. v-"- 
 
 The evidence of the necessity for a sanitarium is so overwhelming that it 'f;,-: 
 
 seems as if no doubt could exist. If your honorable board have any doubts .< . 
 
 about the feasibility of the institution, it must be because of the financial ;;, ; 
 
 consideration alone. When our committee appeared before you nine weeks ago ''/. 
 
 the matter was presented in a crude form, and at that time no plan of sanitarium 1 v .- 
 
 or plan of handling the patients was presented. We considered it advisable to .:'.; 
 
 leave that to the better judgment of the board, and we felt sure that they would . .; 
 
 be able to elaborate a plan after mature consideration which would answer the ;^ 
 
 purpose and would not be a burden to the tax payers. -:. 
 
 From the statistics presented it appears that it is a matter of personal ;!'' 
 
 interest to at least 75 per cent of the people of the county, which is indeed a large ' >'^ 
 
 majority. '-;' 
 
 Following our last conference with the board we were told to go out among : : 
 
 the people, the voters and tax payers, and get an expression of opinion upon the -4V; 
 
HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY ^ > "^: 
 
 239 
 
 project. Your honorable committee of the board, we have done so. We have 
 worked hard and held meetings in sixteen cities and towns of our county. 
 We have endeavored to educate the people as to the great danger of the disease, 
 while at the same time we have presented the plan as proposed and asked for 
 a suitable expression of their opinion as to whether or not they wanted such a 
 means of treating the disease. In every place resolutions were passed urging 
 the supervisors to immediately arrange for the erection of a suitable sanitarium. 
 These sixteen resolutions passed in open meeting and signed by the secretary 
 and president of the meeting are herewith attached for your perusal and con- 
 sideration. All the newspapers of the county are favorable to the plan and 
 they certainly voice the sentiment of the community all the people are for it 
 and they speak for themselves. Honorable supervisors, what more can you ask? 
 Pass the resolution authorizing the erection of such a sanitarium. We do not 
 come as beggars asking a crust for ourselves, we come simply in the spirit of 
 a broad humanity, the representatives of the people whom you serve. They 
 demand it. I might say that we come as representatives of our great republic, 
 whose citizens we are; of the great State of Illinois of which Knox county 
 is a part and which has given you the power in this matter to protect and pre- 
 serve its citizens ; of this fine County of Knox, whose supervisors you are. We 
 come at the instance of the fathers and mothers who demand that their sons 
 and daughters be given an equal chance in this great struggle for existence by 
 upbuilding their physical condition so they may cope on a more equal footing 
 with their more fortunate neighbors. 
 
 Of all the good things you have advocated for the county none, I am sure, 
 will redound to your credit more than this. 
 
 Gentlemen, in the name of humanity we ask that you resolve to supply a 
 sanitarium for the cure of these debilitated and unhappy people. 
 
 (Signed) DR. J. NEIL Cox, DR. Louis BECKER, 
 
 ; DR. T. E. BIRMINGHAM, DR. G. A. LONGBRAKE, ;, 
 
 > : . . DR. WM. O'R. BRADLEY, DR. J. M. BOHAN, V^ 
 
 ;; : - ^ ;; V:- DR. F. G. HALL, . DR. L. R. RYAN, ;-::f^ 
 
 Committee. 
 
 Mr. Mott offered a motion that the report of the special committee be filed 
 and made a matter of record and that the committee be discharged, which 
 motion prevailed. , .'--^ ::<;'' J ':;>'''''*: ' ; . ^^''^^i^.U ' 
 
 > V, MILITARY HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY, j V ' ";>:', 
 
 ::/^'''' '''-",'-:'''l'-'. '''^::: -'::' :^-- BY CAPT. CHAS. C. CRAIG. .^ '-, ' - ^ /'.^'^.''\':,'^'''''^z-' 
 
 Knox county was named from a soldier. General Henry Knox. of Revolution- 
 ary war fame, chief of artillery under Washington and afterward secretary of 
 war. 
 
 The earliest inhabitants of what is now Knox county, of which we have any 
 record, were the Indians. Their principal pursuits were war, and the chase, and 
 many of their implements of warfare have been found in all parts of the county. 
 
240 ' HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY - ~' 
 
 While little is known of them in this vicinity prior to the advent of the early 
 French explorers, the woodlands and prairies of Illinois abounded in game and 
 the fertile and productive lands of this vicinity were altogether as desirable to the 
 savage tribes in their day as they are to us at the present time. 
 
 The first tribe of Indians that occupied the Illinois country called themselves 
 the mini, which in their language signified "Men" or "Superior Men," and for 
 a long time they held the hunting grounds of this state and waged successful 
 warfare against the Miamis and Iroquois on the east, the Chickasaws on the 
 south, the Osage and Pawnees of the southwest and the Pottawatomies of the 
 north. At a later day the wonderful resources and fertility of the Illinois coun- 
 try were fully appreciated and coveted by the explorers from the old world. 
 The European wars of the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries extended to the 
 American colonies, even to the extreme frontiers, and the adventurers of France, 
 Fngland and Spain, with hostile Indian tribes as their allies, successfully fought 
 for possession of the beautiful Illinois country, and more effectively than we 
 now realize. Whether any of their battles took place in Knox county, or in this 
 immediate vicinity, we do not know. . . .-. . ; ;., J/ -v 1 ' . : ! 
 
 There was a difference in the arrows, spears and axes made and used by the 
 different tribes, and the presence of such implements of warfare used by tribes 
 whose territory was far from Illinois would indicate they had been used in 
 warfare between them and the Indians inhabiting this state. - j ' . 
 
 There is a field on the banks of Sugar creek, where it crosses the northwest 
 quarter of section fourteen in Persifer township in this county, where, accord- 
 ing to the residents of that neighborhood, quantities of bullets have been found 
 within an area of a few acres. This place is on the old Indian trail that ran 
 from the towns of the Illini, about where the village of Utica now stands; in a 
 southwesterly direction across Knox county to where the Des Moines river 
 empties into the Mississippi. These bullets are mostly the round, old-fashioned 
 musket balls in use over two hundred years ago. When the Illini were defeated 
 and driven from their villages along the upper Illinois by the treacherous and 
 savage Iroquois, as narrated by Tonti, La Salle's able lieutenant, and an eye- 
 witness to the massacre, their flight was toward the southwest, possibly some of 
 the fugitives followed this trail. Again, a century later, when the last of the 
 Illini were defeated by the Pottawatomies, some of them may have been over- 
 taken on this trail, or an expedition from the Spanish colonies or a band of 
 traders may have there fought to the death. 
 
 We have no record of any operations in the Revolutionary war in North- 
 western Illinois. In the War of 1812 and the Indian wars preceding, the set- 
 tlers took an important part, and the muster rolls have been preserved of several 
 companies of rangers from the southern part of the state who were in that war. 
 These rosters are published in Volume 9 of the Adjutant General's Report of 
 Illinois. During this war the British incited the Northern Indian tribes to 
 harrass the frontier settlements, and the settlers of Illinois territory organized 
 to protect themselves. One of the expeditions, under General Howard from 
 Fort Russell, marched up the Mississippi river to about the present site of 
 Quincy, from there crossing over to the Illinois river to Havana, and from there 
 to Peoria. In this expedition Major Boone was sent with a force to scour the 
 Spoon river country towards Rock river, and penetrated into what is now Knox 
 
' : - - Y. M. C. A. BUILDING ' ' ": ' 
 
 Located on North Prairie Street, between Main and Ferris Streets. Built in 1897. Value, $30,000. 
 Association organized in 1883. 
 
240; HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY 
 
 While little is known of them in this vicinity prior to the advent of the early 
 French explorers, the woodlands and prairies of Illinois abounded in game and 
 the fertile and productive lands of this vicinity were altogether as desirable to the 
 savage tribes in their day as they are to us at the present time. .| 
 
 The first tribe of Indians that occupied the Illinois country called themselves 
 the Illini, which in their language signified "^len" or "Superior Men," and for 
 a long time they held the hunting grounds of this state and waged successful 
 warfare against the Miamis and Iroquois on the east, the Chickasaws on the 
 south, the Osage and Pawnees of the southwest and the Pottawatomies of the 
 north. At a later day the wonderful resources and fertility of the Illinois coun- 
 try w'ere fully appreciated and coveted by the explorers from the old world. 
 The European \vars of the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries extended to the 
 American colonies, even to the extreme frontiers, and the adventurers of France, 
 England and Spain, with hostile Indian tribes as their allies, successfully fought 
 for possession of the beautiful Illinois country, and more effectively than we 
 now realize. Whether any of their battles took place in Knox county, or in this 
 immediate vicinity, we do not know. , . ^\ ^ 
 
 There was a difference in the arrows, spears and axes made and used by the 
 different tribes, and the presence of such implements of warfare used by tribes 
 whose territory was far from Illinois would indicate they had been used in 
 warfare between them and the Indians inhabiting this state. . I 
 
 There is a field on the banks of Sugar creek, where it crosses the northwest 
 quarter of section fourteen in Persifer township in this county, where, accord- 
 ing to the residents of that neighborhood, quantities of bullets have been found 
 within an area of a few acres. This place is on the old Indian trail that ran 
 from the towns of the Illini, about where the village of Utica now stands ; in a 
 southwesterly direction across Knox county to where the Des Moines river 
 empties into the Mississippi. These bullets are mostly the round, old-fashioned 
 musket balls in use over two hundred years ago. When the Illini were defeated 
 and driven from their villages along the upper Illinois by the treacherous and 
 savage Iroquois, as narrated by Tonti, La Salle's able lieutenant, and an eye- 
 witness to the massacre, their flight was toward the southwest, possibly some of 
 tlie fugitives followed this trail. Again, a century later, when the last of the 
 Illini were defeated by the Pottawatomies, some of them may have been over- 
 taken on this trail, or an expedition from the Spanish colonies or a band of 
 traders may have there fought to the death. 
 
 We have no record of any operations in the Revolutionary war in North- 
 western Illinois. In the War of 1812 and the Indian wars preceding, the set- 
 tlers took an important part, and the muster rolls have been preserved of several 
 comi)anies of rangers from the southern part of the state who were in that war. 
 The^.e rosters are published in Volume 9 of the Adjutant General's Report of 
 Illinois. During this war the British incited the Northern Indian tribes to 
 harrass the frontier settlements, and the settlers of Illinois territory organized 
 to protect themselves. One of the expeditions, under General Howard from 
 Fort Russell, marched up the Mississippi river to about the present site of 
 Quincy, from there crossing over to the Illinois river to Havana, and from there 
 to Peoria. In this expedition Major Boone was sent with a force to scour the 
 Spoon river country towards Rock river, and penetrated into what is now Knox 
 
'- " ' V. M. C. A. RUILOING '. 
 
 Located on North Prairie Street, between Main and Kerris Streets. Ruilt in 1897. X'alue, $30,000. 
 Association organized in 1883. 
 
:.;.;/: V-, HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY 'V 241 
 
 country, crossing Spoon river, or the Amaquonia, as it was then called by its ; 
 Indian name, probably about where the village of Maquon now stands, and 
 from there returned to Peoria, or Fort Clarke as it was then known. This is 
 the earliest record that has been found of any military expeditions into what is 
 now Knox county. 
 
 The first war in which the inhabitants of Knox county participated was the 
 Black Hawk war of 1832. Knox county, with its present boundaries, was organ- 
 ized in 1825. The jurisdiction of the Knox county commissioners extended as 
 far north as Rock river and the actual scene of hostilities. As early as 1831 
 the few families of the county sent Thomas McKee, Thomas Maxwell, Joseph 
 Rowe and Robert Greenwell to consult with General Gaines, commander of 
 the military post on Rock Island, about means of defense. This party came 
 Upon a large band of mounted Indians, who followed them for some distance, 
 but were assured by Major McKee, who was able to speak their language, that 
 they were on their way to trade with Davenport, who was well and favorably 
 known by the Indians, and they were allowed to proceed. On arriving at the 
 fort they were assured by the general that there was no immediate danger 
 and returned with this news, after many adventures. '?' 
 
 The following spring, 1832, Black Hawk recrossed the Mississippi. Major 
 McKee, together with James McMurtry and Fontleroy Freeman, again made 
 the perilous journey to Rock Island, where they secured one hundred guns with 
 accoutrements. These were sent down to river to Oquawka, and from there 
 brought in wagons to this county, where they were distributed among seventy- 
 two men living in Knox and Warren counties, comprising nearly the entire male 
 population. 
 
 Another party commanded by Mr. St. Vrain, which was sent by General 
 Atkinson to Rock Island about the same time was massacred. With the arms 
 thus secured a military organization called the "Volunteer Rangers" was organ- 
 ized, consisting of the following men and officers: 
 
 Captain, William McMurtry ; first lieutenant, George G. Lattimore ; second 
 lieutenant. Turner R. Roundtree; sergeants, Edward Martin, Benjamin Brown, 
 Josiah Vaughn, James McMurtry; corporals, Edward Fuqua, James H. Round- 
 tree, Thomas Maxwell, Jr., Obadiah Fuqua ; privates, Edmund Adcock, Jesse 
 Adkins, Peter Bell, James Brown, Franklin B. Barber, Wilson Brown, Alfred 
 Brown, George Brown, Joshua Brown, Henry Bell, James McM. Criswell, Ebur 
 Criswell, William Corban, Solomon Davis, Daniel Fuqua, Alexander Frakes, 
 James Ferguson, John Fraker, Luster T. Gillett, James Goff. Zachias Hunt. Wil- 
 liam Hilton, Robert K. Hendricks, Joseph Holiday, Berryman Jennings, Theo- 
 dore Jennings, Reese Jones, William Lewis, Thomas W. McKee, John McMurtry, 
 James McGehee, Thomas Maxwell, Sr., James Maxwell, John Miles, Thomas C. 
 
 McCallister, McCallister, Daniel Miles, Elisha Miles, John Norton, James 
 
 Nevett, Andrew Osbourn, Stephen Osbourn, Parnach Owen, Simeon Penning- 
 ton, John D. Roundtree, John P. Robinson, Joseph Row, Jonathan Rice, Alex- 
 ander Robertson, Josiah Stillings, John Vaughn, Samuel S. White, Joseph Wal- 
 lace. Calvin Williams and William Williams. , 
 
 The command was mounted, each man furnished his own horse. They ranged 
 over the country from this county to the Mississippi river in the neighborhood 
 of Oquawka. They were out about sixty days, but were in no engagements 
 
 with the enemy. :, 
 
 Toi. r le 
 
242 HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY ^V'^ 
 
 - For further protection three log forts were constructed, two in Henderson 
 township, one on section ten and the other on section thirty-three, and one in 
 Rio township in section twenty-two. Each fort consisted of a stockade about 
 200 feet square, built of oak timbers 12 feet in length, forming a fence about 
 8 or 9 feet high, lined with sod. On two of the comers were erected block i 
 houses by which each of the four sides of the fort could be protected. These = 
 were i6 by 20 feet and the second story projected beyond the walls, thus en- 
 abling the guard to prevent the approach of incendiaries. 
 
 Several times during the Black Hawk war the settlers left their homes 
 in the county and fled to these forts for protection on rumors that the Indians 
 were coming. It is probable that but for the efforts of Shabbona, a Pottawatomie 
 chief, who had great influence with the Indians of this part of the state, and 
 who prevented his people from taking part with the Sacs and Foxes, that the 
 frontier settlements would have been devastated even south of the Illinois river. 
 Shabbona was a great chief, and often visited this county, where he had many ^ 
 friends among the whites. He and his warriors fought in the War of 1812. 
 Tecumseh was killed by his side in the Battle of the Thames. Afterwards he 
 befriended the whites, and when Black Hawk was taken prisoner he said had 
 it not been for Shabbona the whole Pottawatomie nation would have joined him, 
 and he could have continued the war for years. After the surrender of Black 
 Hawk in August, 1832, hostilities ceased. In 1833 rumors were rife that the 
 Indians were dissatisfied with the treaty they had made and would again cross 
 the Mississippi resolved upon another war, but these reports proved to be 
 unfounded, and that was the last of Indian warfare in Knox county. 
 
 The only survivor of the Black Hawk war now living, as far as known, is 
 Mr. Avery Dalton of Elmwood. Mr. Dalton is upwards of a hundred years old 
 and formerly lived in Knox county. He was a member of Captain David W. 
 Barnes' company, from Fulton county. This company was in the Battle of 
 Stillman's Run and several of its members were killed or wounded. A few years 
 ago the writer of this article had an interesting visit with Mr. Dalton at his home 
 in Elmwood, in which the old gentleman narrated his personal experiences as a 
 soldier in the Black Hawk war and as a hunter in the pioneer days. 
 
 As the county became more settled, the militia was organized. The officers 
 were appointed by the governor, who organized the men of the county into com- 
 panies. These would meet once or twice a year, following the fashion of the 
 New England Muster Day. Thomas McKee was chosen major of the militia 
 in 1838, and for several years held that office. At the beginning of the Mexican 
 war he assembled the militia of the county at Knoxville, to the number of fifteen 
 hundred; from this number a company of one hundred and nine men were 
 formed and volunteered for the war with Mexico, but the quota of this state was 
 already full, so this company was not accepted. 
 
 In a company from Fulton county, commanded by the late Lewis W. Ross 
 as captain, there was at least one Knox county man, Hugh Patton, who lived 
 many years at Maquon, and probably others. -..,> I . 
 
 Hon. Rufus Cleveland, one of the few survivors of the Mexican war, is still 
 living in the city of Galesburg, at this writing, full of years and honors, having 
 served in both the Mexican and Civil wars. 
 - In the Civil war there were only seven counties in the state that furnished a 
 
;;-.:: V prv,;- HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY :;:'- 243 -:; ; 
 
 larger number of soldiers than Knox county, and none that filled their quotas .' ' 
 more promptly. Knox county was called upon to furnish 3,842 men, but finally 
 credited by the adjutant-gieral of the state with only 3,837. There were many 
 who left the county to enlist in foreign regiments, and the colored troops to the 
 number of from twenty-five to fifty were never credited to Knox county. . - ; -/ 
 
 Besides the filling of her quota of the regular calls of the president, she fur- 
 nished 326 men in answer to the governor's call for ico day men, making a total 
 of at least 4,200 men. These were distributed among 82 regiments, and in 190 . . 
 different companies. Of this number 123 were killed in action, i68 wounded 
 
 and 344 died; 96 suffered the horrors of prison life, some of whom died at i,; 
 Andersonville and Libby. 
 
 One of the famous characters of the Civil war was Bickerdyke, 
 
 "Mother Bickerdyke" as she was known. She went from Knox county as an 
 army nurse and by her efforts with the sanitary commission and in the army 
 hospitals did untold good among the sick and wounded. A monument has been . ?, 
 erected to her memory in the Court House park. ' > 
 
 After the Civil war little was done in military matters for many years. In 
 1876 the Fourth Regiment Illinois National Guard was organized; the com-^ 1 
 manding officer was Colonel William Whiting of Altona, and among the other V~:.' 
 field officers were. Major O. L. Higgins of Oneida; Lieutenant William O. Whit- >. ' , 
 ing, adjutant, Altona; Lieutenant Theodore A. Wetmore, quartermaster, > 
 Oneida, and among the non-commissioned staff were D. W. Wooley, color ser- ^ 
 geant, Altona; George W. Williams, drum-major, Galesburg; Charles S. Mat- ^;.'. 
 teson and Arthur W. Ladd, principal musicians, Oneida. Three companies of 
 this regiment were stationed in Knox county. Company A at Oneida, commanded 
 by Captain Frank Murdock; Company B, known as the College City Guards, 
 commanded by Captain E. F. Phelps at Galesburg, and Company C, commanded-/; , 
 
 by Captain Charles A. Smith, stationed at Altona. Also there were two sections .1 ' ; 
 of a battery commanded by Captain Aaron Brown at Altona, the regimental band 
 at Oneida and drum corps at Galesburg. ^ 
 
 Among the members of the Galesburg company were Frank D. Bellows, Ed. , ' 
 R. Drake, Fred H. Holmes, Charles J. Munson, Charles W. Munson, George W. : , 
 
 Prince and Daniel S. Hecker. This regiment was called into service during the , . . 
 railroad strikes of 1877 and rendered efficient duty at East St. Louis and Gales- 
 burg. -'";..'-."-"'; :'.--.^^-.'c'';.'-/ ;.;" ':.' "/I'V-v- ;>;.,.: 
 
 On the reorganization of the Illinois National Guard the Sixth regiment was ' 
 organized from the companies in the northwestern part of the state. The Gales- . . 
 burg company became Company C of the Sixth. This company was again called ; ., ,v.' 
 into service at East St. Louis during the railroad strikes in 1887 under Captain E 
 
 William Weeks; again in 1894 at the Miners' and American Railroad union ' 
 
 strike at Pekin and Spring Valley under Captain T. L. McGirr. ..- ; ^.: ; 
 
 In 1897 Company D of Abingdon was organized and assigned to the Sixth i'^ / ' 
 regiment. July 7, 1897, Battery B of the artillery battalion was organized from ^ '' V 
 the Galesburg Light artillery, which up to that time had been a private organiza- . : 
 tion. At the outbreak of the Spanish -war members of Company C and Company 
 D volunteered and were mustered in with the rest of the regiment forming the ". 
 
 Sixth Illinois Volunteer Infantry. The rosters of these respective companies were ;. 
 as follows: Captain, Thomas L. McGirr; first lieutenant, Conrad A. Byloff; V 
 
244 HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY ', 
 
 second lieutenant, Daniel K. Smith; first sergeant, Frank E. Johnson; sergeants, 
 Edwin C. Reed ; Carl J. L. Borine ; corporal, Walter F. Coolidge ; musicians, 
 Thomas W. Thomson ; Mark J. Potter ; privates, Benjamin Anderson, Ivan Boh- 
 man, Alfred B. Bawman, Ira E. Benson, Jacob C. Benedict, Jacob D. Bir, Alvin P. 
 Burkhalter, William Campbell, Willis E. Calkins, William H. Copp, Edqin J. 
 Corbin, Victor N. Cochran, William Detrick, Frank E. DeFord, Joseph H. Dunn, 
 Jr., Jacob C. Diefenderfer, George L. Elder, Oscar Franden, John Farrow, Fred 
 W. Gottick, Benjamin W. Holcomb, Harry B. Hopkins, Rolla C. Hopkins, Oscar 
 L. Hensel, Herbert S. Hosier, Richard D. Hulse, Charles V. Huew, William A. 
 Jackson, William A. Johnson, Charles O. Johnson, Roy E. Jones, Joseph H. 
 Knutson, Lewis W. Kay, George R. Longbreak, William H. McKinty, George 
 McLaughlin, George R. Martin, Hugh K. Mullen, Arthur A. Metcalf, Ludvick 
 Nelson, John A. Nelson, Mart J. Nelson, Albert Peterson, Charles A. Philblad, 
 Howard L. Pettett, Frank M. Pierce, Charles R. Pendarvis, Jacobs S. Palmer, 
 
 E. P. Peckenpaugh, Noble F. Potts, Charles J. Rose, Henry W. Raker, Henry 
 C. Smith, William K. Steele, Robert J. Samuelson, Carl H. Schneider, Homer 
 Spilman, James W. Stizer, Philip D. Sharpies, Con Sequist, Charles A. Sandburg, 
 John Scott, Frank N. Steele, Andrew P. Fanning, Edwin F. Tracy, Benjamin 
 
 F. Underwood, Leonard S. Wager, Warren Williamson, Jesse F. Wiley, Charles 
 H. Winders, Charles F. Wade, Harry C. Woodard, Oscar S. Wilson, Clyde R. 
 Westfall, Bert Wolf ; recruits, William P. Brown, Louis L. Cummings, William 
 H. Dunlap, George W. Folley, Morton C. Freer, James S. Gentry, Fred C. 
 Harms, James B. Heflin, Grant G. Hoofnagle, Frederick A. Knock, Claude W. B. 
 Lindstrum, Ralph Matterson, David E. Moses, Harry S. Murphy, David Mur- 
 phy, Dick W. Neely, Arthur C. Palmer, George V. Philblad, Herman H. Potter, 
 LaFayette Ryan, Robert Spratt, Emerson Spence, John W. Thomas, James A. 
 Weils and Thomas M. West. .. T .: 
 
 Company D Captain, Frank W. Latimer; first lieutenant, Frank R. Trevor; 
 second lieutenant, Leonidas T. Reagor ; first sergeant, James S. Barton ; sergeants, 
 Albert R. Maginnis, J. Arthur Whitwan, William T. Johnson ; corporals, John H. 
 Smith, Fred J. Fisher, Daniel H. Kennedy, William H. Birdsall, James R. Bacon, 
 Max F. C. Stromlow ; privates, George E. Allen, Fred D. Armstrong, Glen C. 
 Aiken, Ash A. Atkins, Charles A. Atkins, Frank L. Angler, Frank Bacon, Almen- 
 dis B. Beard, Charles L. Bomfarden, Ed. S. Babcock, Seymour X. Briggs, 
 George B. Burton, William H. Banty, John W. Cox, Arthur Cross, Frank Cra- 
 mer, Charles H. Clark, William S. Carter, David E. Davis, Clarence V. Earll, 
 Robert B. Edwards, Lemuel T. Earll, Edwin Flake, John W. Ferris, John J. 
 Fickle, Mert Fletcher, James R. Goforth, George E. Cotch, Wilbur George, Lewis 
 A. Harshbarger, Frank L. Henler, Charles Huddleston, James Handwright, 
 Lester Hollister, Harry A. Johnson, Carl Jungstrom, James H. Jones, Edwin Ken- 
 nedy, Albert Kennedy, Earl Klock, Bert C. King, John G. Kreig, John F. Leigh, 
 Albert Linstrom, Adelbert D. Lewis, Harry E. Melvin, Grant F. Moore, Byron 
 Merritt, David J. Nordwall, James W. Oman, Charles Peabody, Arthur E. Pea- 
 cock, Frank Purdy. William H. Pierce, William L. Robinson, Edward A. Robin- 
 son, Guy Robinson, John M. Rankin, Joe Shipplett, Ira C. Swartz, Sargeant 
 Scanlan, Nile E. Stewart, John Stevenson, Harry Tyner, Arthur B. Wright, 
 Dale A. Woolley, Walter Woods, Harry Weston, Roy Wallis, Walter H. Ward ; 
 recruits, William A. Adams, Philip O. Bowman, Frank W. Boynton, Edward H. 
 
;^: ; ;: ; ; . : '<. 'j; ::. - , , HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY :^:f 245 
 
 Brandt, Lawrence E. Clarke, Maurice L. Carr, John W. Dailey, Louis F. De- 
 , Hass, Oria Harmon, Lester D. Hittle, Leander W. Hoy, George D. Judson, 
 /; Norman Litchfield, Charlie B. Moore, Clarence L. Miller, John L. Newkirk, 
 Frank C. Philbrook, Charles C. Paul, Frank W. Peterson, Isaac P. Powell, Fred 
 E. Ross, Roy V. Spencer, Frank Scanlan, Judson S. Taylor, George E. Temple. 
 This regiment was ordered to Springfield April 26, 1898, and mustered into 
 the service for two years May ii, 1898. Left Springfield, Illinois, May 17, 1898, 
 by rail to Camp Russel A. Alger, Virginia, arriving May 20, 1898. Remaining 
 until July 5, 1898, when regiment left by rail for Charleston, South Carolina, 
 arriving July 6, 1898. Companies E, F and I embarked on board U. S. S. Colum- 
 bia, Company A embarked on board U. S. S. Yale, July 8, 1898, for Cuba, arriv- 
 ing at Santiago, July 13, 1898. Companies B, C, G, H, K and L embarked on 
 U. S. S. Rita July lo, 1898, arriving at Santiago July 15, 1898. Companies D 
 and M embarked on board Transport No. 21 July 21, 1898, arriving at Ponce 
 Porto Rico July 27, 1898. The troops did not disembark at Cuba, at Sibony, 
 July i6, 1898, Guantanomo Bay July i8th and 2Oth, at Baigniri July 20, 1898, 
 returned to Guantanomo Bay July 21, 1898. Sailed from Guantanomo Bay July 
 21, 1898, for Porto Rico, arriving at Guanica, Porto Rico, July 25, 1898. In 
 camp at Guanica until July 30, 1898. Company G in action July 26, 1898, four 
 miles from Guanica. The regiment marched from Guanica to Youco, July 30, 
 1898. Marched from Youco to Tallaboia July 31, 1898. Marched from Tallaboia 
 to Ponce August i, 1898. In camp at Ponce until August 9, 1898, when regi- 
 ment marched to Guaragnos. Left Guaragnos and marched four miles over the 
 mountain August lo, 1898. Advanced to Adjuntas August nth. In camp at 
 Adjuntas until August i6, 1898, when regiment marched to Utuado. In camp 
 at Utuado until August 26th, when regiment returned to Adjuntas. Left Adjun- 
 tas August 28, 1898, and marched to Ponce. In camp at Ponce until September 
 7, 1898, when the regiment embarked on board U. S. S. Monitoba at Port Ponce. 
 Arrived at Weehawken, New Jersey, September 13, 1898. Left Weehawken by 
 rail for Springfield, Illinois, arriving at the latter place September i6, 1898. In 
 camp at Springfield, Illinois, until September 22, 1898, when the various com- 
 panies left by rail for their respective home stations under G. O. No. 130, A. G. O. 
 The regiment was mustered out at Springfield, Illinois, November 25, 1898. 
 The two Knox county companies were through the war with this regiment. 
 Battery B volunteered but was not accepted as only one battery of artillery was 
 taken from the state. During the same year the battery was called into service 
 at Springfield, Pana and Virden during the coal strike and received the thanks 
 of the governor for efficiency. The battery was out altogether about six weeks. 
 The members of the battery were as follows: Captain, Charles C. Craig; first 
 lieutenant, Frank C. Henry ; second lieutenants, John F. Hamilton and William 
 W. Smith ; sergeants, Lewis W. Patric, Guy P. Williams, Armor Moreland, James 
 Temple, Fred W. Smith ; quartermaster sergeant, Edward C. Branham ; com- 
 missary sergeant, Buford N. Stoner; stable sergeant, John E. Maley; corporals, 
 James E. Davis, William F. Love joy, Fred C. Remier, Albert F. Scogland, George 
 W. Flynn, Leroy A. Scudder, Howard A. Freer, John B. Bridge; musicians, 
 Roy L. Martin and Friend L. Smith; privates, Norman C. Allen, Fred L. An- 
 drews, Jay Addleman, John O. Barton, Charles S. Brown, Orvie Bone, Ward J. 
 Carley, Frank W. Crain, Ben S. Carpenter, Fred C. Clay, Fred Cookley, Clyde 
 
HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY 
 
 : Culver, Robert Dial, Charles Dickerson, Earl R. Futhey, Albert Gail, Otis Goflf, 
 
 . Charles Hendricks, Mark Hendryx, Frank A. Hawkinson, Henry H. Hawkinson, 
 
 John A. Hovvland, William Harris, Charles A. Healey, Morgan N. James, Kirk 
 
 M. Johnson, Rupert F. Kinsloe, Neal J. Kirk, Joseph E. Krotter, Albert C. Lar- 
 
 : son, Lewis L. Larson, Robert R. McKee, Edward L. Nolan, Henry W. Norton, 
 
 George F. Orgibet, Alfred E. Osterberg, James C. Morris, Jesse E. Paden, Charles 
 
 A. Pierce, Roy L. Sanford, Reuben W. Scudder, Roy H. Short, Fred R. Springer, 
 
 Fred F. Smith, George H. Smith, Guy D. Tuttle, George E. Treadwell, Roy E. 
 
 .. Thompson, John H. Williams, John M. B. Wachs, Hugh E. Weeks, Rollin Waters, 
 
 James E. Howard, Frank Robinson, Harry G. Hull, James F, Ludlow. I - 
 
 > In addition to the foregoing organization the following served in Battery A 
 
 from this state: 
 
 ; Gustaf J. Kohler, Clyde W. Beson, Charles M. Colkins, Henry C. Hill, Joseph 
 
 Krother, Rolla Mount and W. W. McConnell, Ervin Hunt, H. E. Stecker and 
 Chauncy Cooke of the Third United States Engineers and several others from 
 Knox county served in the regular army and navy and organizations from other 
 states besides those already mentioned. 
 
 In 1899 Captain McGirr and Captain Latimer were both appointed captains 
 
 . in the United States volunteers and Captain McGirr enlisted several men in the 
 
 . county, which he took with the Forty-fifth volunteer infantry to serve in the 
 
 Philippines. Captain Latimer served as captain in the United States volunteers. 
 
 Battery B after being in the state service many years was mustered out in 
 
 1907. At this writing the only military organization in the county is Company C 
 
 of the Sixth Regiment, Illinois National Guard, commanded by Captain Roy C. 
 
 r Wright, First Lieutenant Alfred E. Nuller, Second Lieutenant James E. Davis. 
 
 It is impossible in this brief sketch to give the individual records of Knox 
 
 county soldiers, or to narrate their experiences and adventures; to do so, inter- 
 
 / esting as it would be, would take many volumes. [;.;,. : 
 
 The record of achievements of the soldiers of Knox county is a part of the 
 
 honorable history of our great state of Illinois, and of the United States. No 
 
 community has a prouder history of brave men and noble women. To the women 
 
 war was all sorrow and suffering. I.; . s . I '... 
 
 The people of Knox county in war and in peace have acted well their part. 
 
 ; May our future history be as honorable as our past. 
 
 KNOX COUNTY VOLUNTEERS 
 
 ABBREVIATIONS 
 
 Adjt. Adjutant Con Consolidated 
 
 Art Artillery Cav Cavalry 
 
 Col Colonel Capd Captured 
 
 Capt Captain Desrtd Deserted 
 
 Corpl Corporal Dis Disability 
 
 Comsy Commissary Disch Discharged 
 
 Com Commissioned Ex Expired 
 
;C ?:::-.-:< HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY . >' 247 
 
 E ..... ......... . ........... Enlisted Pro ......... . ............. Promoted 
 
 Hos ....................... Hospital Regt ...................... Regiment 
 
 Inf ........................ Infantry Re-E .................... Re-Enlisted 
 
 KM .......................... Killed Res ....................... Resigned 
 
 Lieut .................... Lieutenant Sergt ...................... Sergeant 
 
 Maj ......................... Major Trans ................... Transferred 
 
 M. O .................. Mustered out Vet ........................ Veteran 
 
 Pris ....................... Prisoner Wd ..... . ................. Wounded 
 
 ,/ -,!-."-^ ;-"V-/.^'-. .c-'-^-'..;"-":'-':'% v:!;' ;;' TTH INFANTRY ':;.;;; vy'-\v-" ' V; .;; '.:^:-"v .-, / '' 
 '/:.'.'..'-':'".: ."'v''v- ';";':'>;;/; COMPANY D ':'-:'.'';';'.; .^'^ ' '.'.,"' '''"A-' ='-^;:^ 
 
 First Lieutenant :;:.,.:.>. 
 
 "Y Flint, Solomon F., Galesburg, e. July 25, 1864, m. o. July 9, 1865. :'-.',; 
 
 ' COMPANY E ._ . _,. ^,. .'.'";-', '.^ 
 
 Walton, James H., Yates City, e. Feb. 12, 1862. ,-^^:;':-^"- ' <; -' v:r \^' ' : 
 
 ./:;.:-.'-. '.,.-'-.:--. ^..'^-:-, , COMPANY I , ;.;;; 
 
 '. Jarnagin^ Spencer L., Oneida, e. Oct. i, i86i, died Mound City, Dec. 15, 1862. 
 ', Lynch, Francis M., Oneida, e. Oct. i, i86i. 
 
 Morman, Michael, Oneida, e. Oct. i, i86i. ;. 
 
 ;' Pitts, Francis G., Oneida, e. Oct. i, i86i, died Monterey, Tenn., June 14, 1862. 
 
 Shannan, Samuel, Oneida, e. Oct. i, i86i. : ,. -..->, 
 
 ' ' ' '.'".' /i- '';'- ', ''' 
 
 /;':..': ..'.' v -.'.-.'; JV'. ; ^^' 8TH INFANTRY "' -^ ''-';; s-^''^" 
 
 Graybam, Robt., Knoxville, e. Sept. 22, 1864, disch. Sept. 21, 1865. r../.^' ' 
 v; Brittian, J., Galesburg, e. April 17, 1865, m. o. May ii, 1865. ;; - r 
 Doyle, Michael, Galesburg, e. April 17, 1865. .._, ' ''. -'^ -.- 
 
 Green, J., Galesburg, e. April 17, 1865. ~ ' ;:-;Y; . p 
 
 Harvey, Wm., Altona, e. Aug. lo, i86i, disch. Aug. lo, 1865. ' ^ -..' 
 
 . INFANTRY ..- 
 
 .'''.;' ''' ' ' -' ,: - .^.^\^ v..'-. COMPANY B --.:'-': 
 ; Gill, Henry, Knoxville, e. Feb. 23, 1864. ^S^-%; 
 
 '';'',' .":".-':'/.>',>'.'''': !^- ">::' .= >':'r 
 
 '''." ';.'."- ":-.-' ' .\- :'-'-y: < COMPANY c .n ./-v: 
 
 '' ' ' " ' -....-... . Musician "" """ ...... ...... ' ^.~:- 
 
 Patrick, Benj. F., Galesburg, e. Aug. 17, i86i, disch. Nov. 21, 1862, dis. ,; 
 
 Privates i^v :';:: 
 
 Codding, Geo. S., Galesburg, e. Aug. 17, i86i, m. o. Aug. 31, 1864. .-.;..';' 
 Ferry, James H., Galesburg, e. Aug. 17, i86i, vet., m. o. July 4, 1865. jv.; ' 
 Huffmire, Wm. B., Galesburg, e. Aug. 17, i86i. . . ! . > -^' ;::vv 
 Hubbard, E. R., Galesburg, e. Aug. 17, i86i, trans, to regular army Dec. 25, 
 
 1862. . ^ 
 
 James, Wm. D., Galesburg, e. Aug. 17, i86i, disch. Sept 12, 1862. dis. 
 Morris, Wm., Galesburg, e. Aug. 17, i86i, vet., died Feb. 3, 1865, of wounds. 
 : Nixon, P. O. C., Galesburg, e. Aug. 17, i86i, vet., m. o. July 4, 1865, corpl. 
 
 
248 
 
 HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY 
 
 Pettingill, Samuel C., Galesburg, e. Aug. 17, i86i, vet., m. o. July 4, 1865, corpl. 
 
 Randall, Orville, Galesburg, e. Aug. 17, i86i, vet., m. o. July 4, 1865, corpl. 
 
 Skevin, Jacob C., Galesburg, e. Aug. 17, i86i. 
 
 Schneider, Henry, Galesburg, e. Aug. 17, i86i, m. o. July 4, 1865. i .. .. 
 
 Ford, Wm., Galesburg, e. June i, 1864, vet., sick in hospital, m. o. of regt. . , 
 
 Hall, Harmon W., Galesburg, e. Aug. 17, i86i, vet., m. o. July 4, 1865. /V 
 
 Lewis, James W., Galesburg, e. Aug. 17, i86i, vet., m. o. July 4, 1865. . ' ; 
 
 Craft, T. H., Galesburg, e. Sept. 13, i86i, died Feb. 21, 1863. 
 
 Gee, Henry, Knoxville, e. Feb. 23, 1864, m. o. July 4, 1865. ; ; 
 
 Goodell, Benj., Knoxville, e. Feb. 24, 1864, m. o. July 4, 1865. " 
 
 Girrard, John L., Knoxville, e. Feb. 24, 1864, m. o. July 4, 1865. 
 
 Howard, Wm., Galesburg, e. Sept. 15, i86i. 
 
 Hankey, C. F., Galesburg, e. Sept. 12, i86l, vet., pro. 2d lieut., m. o. July 4, 
 
 1865. ; ,-. ::;-. ,-:<; -;.;--.-..-- 
 
 James, W. D., Galesburg, e. Feb. 23, 1864, disch. Jan. 27, 1865, dis. 
 Lewis, J. W., Galesburg, e. Sept. 5, i86i, vet., m. o. July 4, 1865. , 
 Moon, Job, Knoxville, e. Feb. 22, 1864, m. o. July 4, 1865. 
 Middleton, J. A., Knoxville, e. Sept. 7, i86i, trans, to regular army. 
 Packard, W. W., Knoxville, e. Feb. 23, 1864, m. o. June 26, 1865. 1 
 St. Clair, A., Knoxville, e. Feb. 23, 1864, m. o. July 4, 1865. .. _ . 
 
 \;-'=^;:- ' I4TH INFANTRY (REORGANIZED) :.\ , .' > ;; 
 
 "'.//' '_^~''^.. \. _ . ,-. . .' COMPANY C " :-'-.^;;'';v:-;;--X^ './'-*; 
 
 '^; '"' '' .. - ''.',.' Privates " '"'-'-'^ '-'.! '-'V. ^'';'-;' /'..''^ 
 
 Atherton, Wm. B., Lynn., e. Feb. 24, 1865. v'; i' -% .: U'y > ' ? - 
 
 Bell, G. W., Truro, e. Feb. 22, 1865, m. o. July 31^ 1865. . ;-; \ ; /; ;; 
 Baldwin, G., Lynn, e. Feb. 24, 1865, m. o. June 13, 1865. 
 Caldwell, H., Indian Pt., e. Feb. 21, 1865, m. o. Sept. i6, 1865. 
 Jones, J. E., Indian Pt., e. Feb. 21, 1865, m. o. Sept. i6, 1865. ;'i -' 
 Johnson, Wm., Lynn, e. Feb. 28, 1865. ,>7 .- 
 
 Kinmouth, O. F., Lynn, e. Feb. 27, 1865, m. o. Sept. i6, 1865. '' 
 Harper, James, Rio, e. March i6, 1865. - 
 
 Rakestraw, R., Indian Pt., e. Feb. 21, 1865, m. o. Sept. i, 1865. 
 Stuckey, J., Sparta, e. Feb. 21, 1865, m. o. Sept. i6, 1865. ; , V ^ . ' 
 Shepherd. Jas., Rio, e. March i6, 1865. 
 
 White W., Indian Pt., e. Feb. 21, 1862, m. o. May 29, 1865. ;: ; ^ , . 
 Welch, I., Lynn, e. Feb. 24, 1865, m. o. May 23, 1865. j V.' 
 
 COMPANY F ., : : ";.,:'' ^/'^I'v /'. ;: 
 
 Heflin, Martin, Galesburg, e. Jan. i, 1864, vet., m. o. Sept. i6, 1865. ': 
 
 ' ."^^..{'4;?- '.,.,-' ' '-. ' " COMPANY G . ' ..;''''^A''-J--'':-vA';' ''>v;'- 
 
 ;''v^?^'^^.: '^ ' First Sergeant . /'-. \:: '.:-'.' v ::.' 
 
 Bramell, Wm. H., Copley, e. Feb. i6, 1865, pro. 2d lieut., m. o. Sept. i6, 1865. 
 
 ;' , ... ':^ Corporals ' ./.^ 'r -' '-,.:/\ 
 
 Hurlburt, George F., Salem, e. Feb. 15, 1865, m. o. Sept. i6, 1865, sergt. 
 
:^;:^^;- HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY '% :., 249 
 
 Fry, John, Orange, e. Feb. i6, 1865. ; ; vV^ ,^ - ^ w'i'n-;^/-:^- / V 
 
 Kelly, John, Sparta, e. Feb. i6, 1865, m. o. Sept. i6, 1865. --'^^f-:-,' -J!:.'^^'':?^.-.' 
 
 -., .. . Privates ..> ; 
 
 Bowen, George G., Sparta, e. Feb. i6, 1865, pro. corpl, m. o. Sept. i6, 1865. 
 
 Beck, Jacob, Walnut Grove, e. Feb. 17, 1865, m. o. June 19, 1865. 
 
 Baker, Geo. W., Ontario, e. Feb. i6, 1865, m. o. Sept. i6, 1865. v..^' ..:;:. 
 
 Bell, George, Ontario, e. Feb. i6, 1865, disch. July 17, 1865. 
 
 Bruninger, G., Orange, e. Feb. i6, 1865, m. o. Sept. i6, 1865. ' / 
 
 Bleikner, Henry, Orange, e. Feb. i6, 1865. . , . . : 
 
 Brown, Henry, Copley, e. Feb. i6, 1865. :..'''. , . 
 
 Chapman, Wm. H., Sparta, e. Feb. i6, 1865. : -': - .;. 
 
 Denin, Peter, Haw Creek, e. Feb. 13, 1865. ,'. 
 
 Doty, J. W., Elba, e. Feb. i6, 1865, disch. July 17, 1865, dis. 
 
 Derby, J. W., Orange, e. Feb. i6, 1865, m. o. Sept. i6, 1865, corpl. 
 
 Doering, D. J., Copley, e. Feb. i6, 1865, m. o. Sept. i6, 1865. 
 
 Fishback, Killian, Orange, e. Feb. i6, 1865. '. , . . 
 
 Harris, Jas. A., Ontario, e. Feb. i6, 1865, m. o. Aug. 8, 1865. 
 
 Harsh, Jacob W., Salem, e. Feb. 15, 1865, m. o. Sept. i6, 1865. 
 
 Hogan, Timothy J., Haw Creek, e. Feb. 13, 1865. 
 
 Hall, James, Truro, e. Feb. 13, 1865. . .* 
 
 Johnson, Harmon, Sparta, e. Feb. i6, 1865. 
 
 Kirtner, David H., Sparta, e. Feb. i6, 1865, disch. July 17, 1865, dis. 
 
 Kock, Geo., Salem, e. Feb. 15, 1865, m. o. June 19, 1865. 
 
 Lynch, John, Haw Creek, e. Feb. 13, 1865. :/ 
 
 Noel, Jackson, Sparta, e. Feb. i6, 1865. ;:-*- .; 
 
 Norris, Edward, Haw Creek, e. Feb. 13, 1865. , r:; 
 
 Oltman, Geo., Sparta, e. Feb. i6, 1865, m. o. Sept. i6, 1865. ''. 
 
 Ries, Michael, Ontario, e. Feb. i6, 1865, m. o. Sept. i6, 1865. 
 
 Rotterman, Frank, Orange, e. Feb. i6, 1865, m. o. Sept. 16, 1865. 
 
 Shutts, James, Copley, e. Feb. i6, 1865, m. o. July 19, 1865. 
 
 Strattan, Wm., Orange, e. Feb. i6, 1865, m. o. June 20, 1865. 
 
 Schneider, Joseph, Ontario, e. Feb. i6, 1865, died March 6, 1865. 
 
 Strasberger, Jacob, Orange, e. Feb. i6, 1865, m. o. Sept. i6, 1865. 
 
 Sands, John H., Sparta, e. Feb. i6, 1865. ' : v 
 
 Jr ; /' Smith, William, Salem, e. Feb. i6, 1865. ^; : ;v. : 
 
 /' : ;. Woodruff, J. H., Salem, e. Feb. i6, 1865, m. o. Sept. i6, 1865. . 
 ^ V : White, Wm. L., Haw Creek, e. Feb. i6, 1865. 
 
 ';'/ ^'.----^ .:'-..;';. --v- V;. ..-, .;.v:,.-.. . COMPANY H '^^*- '^'- V ; ' . x'' 
 
 ;; 'v;": ;.":;. \: First Lieutenant ;; 
 
 . ;: ' ; Snow, Corydon P., Sparta, e. Feb. 21, 1865, m. o. Sept. i6, 1865. ; 
 
 ''-'' >'.\ ;; 'r>H>.-- ,' . ,.; ' r''<;:.v.'' ''' Musician . ;^.. :,, .^- 
 
 V . Brown, W. H., Galesburg, e. Feb. 17, 1865, m. o. Sept. i6, 1865. 
 
 -.: ':-^- .. 
 
 ;''.':.:?..:;/::'''' "-^ '-" '^.':.''^'"-^.'-"'^ ^ Sergeant - ,"', - . .v-' 
 
 ,._.., .-^ .. . C7 
 
 V-V. Price, Emerson J., Cedar, e. Feb. 21, 1865, m. o. June 19, 1865. 
 
250 HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY , ~" 
 
 ^ ''-''... I--'': Corporals ' ''.-- 
 
 Vincent, Wm. G., Lynn., e. Feb. 27, 1865, pro. sergt., m. o. Sept. i6, 1865. 
 .; Sweely, Michael, Victoria, e. Feb. i8, 1865, m. o. Sept. i6, 1866. 
 
 ;.'' .: ' ' ^ : :'- ^- Privates ' " " ' '' '"'''^-:'-;^;^ /*.-"';'' 
 
 Astell, N. J., Cedar, e. Feb. 21, 1865, m. o. Aug. 8, 1865. '.;^-o:^-;./ ;: 
 Hammar, Sam'l J., Cedar, e. Feb. 21, 1865, died March 31, 1865. . , 
 Parker, Chas. W., Cedar, e. Feb. 21, 1865, m. o. May 23, 1865. 
 Peters, Julius, Victoria, e. Feb. i8, 1865, m. o. Sept. i6, 1865. 
 Yocum, Wm. M., Knox, e. Feb. 17, 1865, m. o. June 26, 1865. 
 
 ; '':,.,;,'/.' ; . / ;. , ; i6TH INFANTRY ':,'-;' '^v'-; :"':'' .\-;; 
 
 COMPANY A 
 
 Spencer, Brainard T., Galesburg, e. Feb. 2, 1864, absent on furlough at m. o. . 
 of regt. 
 
 '"'".-' ' COMPANY F .'_;.,., 'V;-;^V.'^-'-V ''"' 
 
 . : , Recruit '-''' "..-:'.; ^-r'.'.-'--'-^...''': ' 
 
 Blue, Harrison, Knoxville, e. Feb. i8, 1864. : . ^- - . 
 
 ". : ''''' ' . j^Tjj INFANTRY " '' " " '' ' ' '" " ' 
 
 The i7th Reg. 111. Inf. Vols. were mustered into the United States service 
 at Peoria, 111., on the 24th day of May, i86i. Left for Alton, 111., late, in July, 
 proceeded to St. Charles, thence to Warrenton, Mo., where it remained about ; 
 two weeks. The regiment left Warrenton for St. Louis and embarked on ' 
 transports for Bird's Point, Mo. ; thence to Sulphur Springs Landing ; debarking, .^ 
 went to Pilot Knob, Mo., in pursuit of Gen. Jeff Thompson, and joined Prentice's :; 
 command at Jackson, Mo., thence to Kentucky and aided in the construction of . 
 Fort Holt. Was then ordered to Cape Girardeau and were again sent in pursuit 
 of Jeff Thompson; participated in the engagement near Greenfield; returned to ^ 
 Cape Girardeau and performed provost duty until February, 1862. Were then 
 ordered to Fort Henry; participated in that engagement and Fort Donelson, .: 
 losing several men killed, wounded and taken prisoners. Soon after went to ;^; 
 Pittsburg Landing and was assigned to the army of West Tennessee ; engaged . 
 in the battle of the 6th and 7th of April, suffering great loss in killed and . .;' 
 wounded; was in the advance to Corinth; after the evacuation of Corinth \! ' 
 marched to Jackson, Tenn. ; remained until July, when they were ordered to ., .- 
 Bolivar, where they remained until November, 1862, participating during the . :^ 
 time in the expedition to luka to reinforce Gen. Rosecrans, where they were ' . : - 
 engaged in the battle of the Hatchie; marched to Lagrange, Tenn.; the middle . ; 
 of November, reporting to Gen. John A. Logan, and were assigned to duty ... 
 as provost guard. Early in December marched to Holly Springs, via Abbyville ' ; 
 and Oxford. After the battle of Holly Springs were assigned to Gen. Mc- 
 Pherson's command, then proceeded to Moscow, Collierville and Memphis, and :\ ; 
 were assigned to duty at the navy yard, remaining until June i6, then embarking .. ' > 
 for Vicksburg, re-embarking for Lake Providence, La., where they remained . .: 
 until the investment of Vicksburg began. Went to Milliken's Bend, May i, com- , " N 
 menced the march across the Delta to Pekin's Landing, advanced with McPher- ' i; 
 
 
'-NvW-':: ; HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY fV^ ;;;:J' 251 
 
 son's command to the final investment of Vicksburg. After the surrender of 
 that city, remained there, making frequent incursions into the enemy's country 
 until May, 1864, the term of service expiring on the 24th of May of that year. 
 
 The regiment was ordered to Springfield, 111., to muster out, when those who 
 had not re-enlisted as veterans, received their final discharge. A sufficient number 
 not having enlisted to entitle them to retain their regimental organization, were 
 consolidated with the 8th 111. Inf., and were finally mustered out with that regi- 
 ment in the Spring of 1866. ' 
 
 There were 131 men from this county in the I7th, 4 were killed, 3 wounded, 8 
 died, i taken prisoner, v^;."\ '..-.. -:; 
 
 ;/,:.: .-. :. : /: .- Licutenant-C oloHel v. .- , T-.- -'' 
 
 ;',.-'.'. Smith, Francis M., Galesburg, e. i86i, term expired June, 1864. :-.,'"...,; ^- -. , 
 
 r,;\. ;;,;;; Chaplain. 
 
 .:. ; ' Kingsbury, Sanford A., Galesburg, e. Dec. 23, i86i, term expired June, 1864. 
 
 -"'' -'''.' '.''-i' ' ', \'^-'V ;^^';'..'': COMPANY c .'>'- v-/-'X;v-.',. '.'::"'';:---;'"';'> 
 '- \ -'/'----":'...''';' V'" .'"'^ ;';. Privates ' '-;/'.:>' ''-' ."''. ?-^'; '.'';./'! 
 
 Allen, Cyrus, St. Augustine, e. May 25, i86i, pro. 2d lieut., term expired 
 .June, 1864. , .. ;,-.,.. ;.;.;.., 
 
 ; Babbett, Joel, St. Augustine, e. May 25, i86i. ' ' -! .:'j:V ';; l^!;. ;V'^; 
 
 Combs, John T., Maquon, e. May 25, i86i. -- , v '. _ :o 
 
 Fry, John, Maquon, e. May 25, i86i, disch. Aug. 7, 1862. ',:' ' ; :^ 
 
 :: , Hughes, George, Maquon, May 25, i86i. - - . .^- .-j 
 
 V: . McGrew, John L., Maquon, e. May 25, i86i, disch. June 12, 1862. -'.''".{/. 
 '.; Robinson, Barney J., St. Augustine, e. May 25, i86i. .; ' 
 
 ' Ruble, George, Maquon, e. June i, i86i. -';:.'..^ , ..; ' 
 
 f ; Stinyard, Augustus, Yates City, e. June i, 1861, disch. Sept. 30, i86i, dis. .v.V: -; "^ ' ' 
 
 '.; ^^>-; .,-.... \';.:\ ' ,'", V-S.'-;-"'': '; COMPANY D /;. w.'::;;;-,^'-:. ;; - :::-^-^~--\^^---":: ,^: .'' "^,' 
 . ';\ . 0- '' '.v '- .''^j' '^ ^-'v'v' -': . Sergeant '->/'. '^.^.-^- -'.-.'/:' . ...''': \:-.':f'~^ ':.-.- \: ''/' 
 ;.:. Green, Sanford M., Oneida, e. May 25, i86i, disch. April 28, 1862, dis. .-iVr; ;.'.'.;:'> 
 
 . ' , ' ' Corporals 
 
 Mathews, A. Curtis, Altona, e. May 25, i86i, pro. ist lieut, resigned Feb. i8, , . ' 
 
 A:^, 1863. ' : -v/ --':' -^-'V "';-.:''/.:- :- ' :-'-r;: ::''::';:>'.:'; >::...:-'^-- 
 
 .V ; Davis, John W., Wataga, e. May 25, i86i, disch. May 13, 1862. V^;' .--{;;;;:*. 
 
 V\ /'r'"' ' ' ' ' ' Musicians " ' '" ' ' '" '-V'.^":'" ^ '\--i-' .-:' 
 
 :i : V Pippin, Barnett M., Oneida, e. May 25, i86i, disch. March 29, 1862, dis.^'^;^>^V :^ %; ; 
 
 '..-:''' '' ^^. :'' '^V'-;'-^ ..''''' -'':"': -'^^ ': ' : , .:;^--^^";;'.'. .._ ,11 ;.'';:,; f, .; ..i' 
 
 V V:' -"-.':- .-:.-^' :'!'."-;''' '''^, ;''.;:- Privates : '-..'^/'.;."'-)'''-;.'-/;'!": ;. .'''/-';^ 
 
 ..-:'> Brooks, Benjamin F., Victoria, e. May 25, i86i, disch. Oct. 25, 1862, dis. 1 ,/ .. 
 
 . . '' ''.-'.'''':.:.'.. .''';.'* r-^:''.'/' '-^- ' ^':"'^..-'-; "..;?! -f. ;-','':- i ' ' '. . ' /' ".-.''v^^ . ..A." -:"';'.':;.''' .^' 
 .^ ''.:' J- .'.; -v^. .;/;..', _.;'. .-.' ^.'."v '\ '.;;;'-.''./'-.'. .^', i. V ';'';. . '' ' . -i ^' : ^^'i' .!^v'- .' ' 
 >\-'..' ; V- _..-,- . -- ..!. -.-j- ..;.. .. : -,.;:,. -.'. :...; :,- - ':, , :.-,; .>::.->' 
 
252 
 
 HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY 
 
 Beggs, Adonijah, Oneida, e. May 25, 1861, disch. June 13, 1862, dis, ; - 
 
 Flemsburg, Henry, Altona, e. May 25, i86i, died May 19, 1862. i : V 
 
 Guliher, Jason D., Knoxville, e. May 25, i86i. 
 
 Harrington, Isaac J., Victoria, e. May 25, i86i, disch. April 30, 1862, dis. 
 
 Harvey, John C., Altona, e. May 25, i86i, disch. Oct. 24, 1862, dis. = . - 
 
 Jewell, Charles, Victoria, e. May 25, i86i, disch. May 15, 1862, dis. 
 
 Kellogg, Charles, Oneida, e. May 25, i86i, accidentally killed March i8, 1862. 
 
 McVicker, Alexander, Altona, e. May 25, i86i. 
 
 Moore, William, Altona, e. May 25, i86l. . : V;. , - 
 
 Mitchell, Joseph H., Altona, e. May 25, i86i. 
 
 Newton, Orlo C., Altona, e. May 25, i86i. . 
 
 Olson, William C., Oneida, e. May 25, i86i, disch. Sept. 4, 1862, wounds. 
 
 Risling, Samuel, Altona, e. May 25, i86i, kid. at Fort Donelson, Feb. 13, 1862. 
 
 Rogers, Jackson J., Oneida, e. May 25, i86i, disch. May 2, 1862, dis. 
 
 Reynolds, John W., Victoria, e. May 25, i86i, disch. Nov. 4, i86i, dis. 
 
 Strong, John C., Altona, e. May 25, i86i, disch. May 13, 1862. 
 
 Teter, David W., Altona, e. May 25, i86i, disch. Dec. 20, 1862, dis. 
 
 Wales, Otis A., Altona, e. May 25, i86i. 
 
 Wyman, Cornelius, Victoria, e. May 25, i86i, vet., trans, to Co. E, 8th Inf. 
 
 Walrath, Abraham E., Altona, e. May 25, i86i, disch. June 14, 1862, dis. 
 
 Wedge, D. A., Victoria, e. May 25, i86i, vet. . . 
 
 '"- ' ' ' Recruits "' ' -' ' ^ ' ,' 
 
 Harvey, William H., Altona, Aug. lo, i86i, term ex. Aug. lo, 1865. 
 
 Johnson, Jonas, Wataga, e. Jan. 22, 1864, disch. June 3, 1865, dis. 
 
 Ruch, Phillip J., Altona, e. May 25, i86i, trans, to Co. E, 8th Inf., pro . corpl., 
 m. o. May 4, 1866. , . 
 
 Teter, Solomon C., Altona, e. June 17, i86i, m. o. June 24, 1864. 
 
 Wales, Edwin M., Altona, e. Nov. 20, i86i, vet., trans, to Co. F, 8th Inf., pro. 
 sergt., m. o. May 4, 1866. : V ^;' ': ,\','w.v-, , ' - 
 
 ' .;\',v'J'i.'--; ' .-, 'COMPANY E . .''' :,V' vN"'; ;;.",';;;.;- 
 
 : .--/-' if V '. , ; Captains ;. '/'', [-T-." :;^' '-'-..'.,.': ' 
 
 Smith, Francis M., Galesburg, e. April 19, i86i, pro. to Heut. col. . 
 Harding, Roderick R., Galesburg, e. May 20, i86i, res. May 15, 1862. 
 Smith, George C., Galesburg, e. May 15, 1862, res. Feb. i6, 1863. 
 Merrill, William J., Galesburg, e. Feb. i6, 1863, term ex. June, 1864. 
 
 First Lieutenants / : :V; ' :.: 
 
 Beswick, James C., Galesburg, e. May 20, i86i. ; 
 
 Clough, David, Galesburg, e. Feb. i6, 1863, term ex. June, 1864. 
 
 . .v^' ' Second Lieutenant /; - .v 'y ;, - 
 
 Wells, John H., Galesburg, e. Feb. i6, 1863, term ex. June, 1864. . 
 
 " ' First Sergeant .. 
 
 Sumner, Harlan P., Galesburg, e. May 25, i86i, disch. March 29, 1862, dis. 
 
. ; V : -^Jvv - :<: " M HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY ^ J ) 253 
 
 '''''''' 'f'"'''' ' --'^ '-. -^ ; v; '--.:. -^\:--V-\' Sergeants '.;.:>;;..>:;; ; . -'J.^.;- '"'>':' ' ..--^ 
 
 . Matteson, Chas. F., Galesburg, e. May 25, i86i. : V ; ..:'^; 
 
 ,. , Willard, George B., Gilson, e. May 25, i86i, vet., trans, to 8th Inf. y :f: ' ... 
 
 - ' ' . V ,'- 't - -' .i , 
 
 ^^ ./.':.-.';- : ' ..'''' -'..^ 'V. Corporals '. ^-'x''v?- -^-^ ^.-- '''' ^ -' '' i. -^ 
 
 . Ewing, John C., Galesburg, e. May 25, i86i, disch. April 24, 1862, dis. " 
 
 Dorman, Dolan, Galesburg, e. May 25, i86i. : . ,.. ' 
 
 . Brand, Emerson, Galesburg, e. May 25, i86i, disch. May 12, 1862. ---..:-.; 
 Burtch, Horace, Galesburg, e. May 25, i86i. .- ,L '- 
 
 Hughes, Wesley, Galesburg, e. May 25, i86i. ",:'; ' _ ' - 
 
 Smith, Theodore A., Galesburg, e. May 25, i86i. \ ;'-.. :J" i - 
 
 ,; , ^ Norene, Nelson P., Galesburg, e. May 25, i86i. ;>y-5^ :^ ^ A; ,; V\ '" ^ .; 
 
 ;: ' '' " "^'^' ' ' ' '' '":''' -'-^ Musician '"'-"':;';-'<:.;'/. -../'. ''.'^'^ ;,'':?? ^"^ 
 / Filmore, Addison J., Galesburg, e. May 25, i86i. \(^" ' '/ - ^/- ^ ^ 
 
 '.,":..';'' ;':/-'; ^' Privates >'.-'."'- 
 
 . * '*' .~ .'-: ; - .- ' r ' 
 
 ; - Andrews, Samuel J. M., Galesburg. e. May 25, i86i, m. o. June 17, 1865. 
 '. , Boam, Benjamin E., Galesburg, e. May 25, i86i. :- 
 
 Butler, Solon, Abingdon, e. May 25, i86i, disch. Nov. i, i86i, dis. ' , ;: 
 
 -v Brothers, Franklin M., Henderson, e. May 25, i86i, vet., trans, to Co. E., 
 ^ 8th Inf. .;,: 
 
 Benton, George W., Henderson, e. May 25, i86i, died April 9, 1862, wounds. 
 
 Beam, Samuel D., Abingdon, e. May 25, i86i, discharged May i6, 1862. 
 . : Baker, Torralio, Galesburg, e. May 25, i86i. '. v 
 
 Brown, Henry C., Galesburg, e. May 25, i86i, kid. at Vicksburg, July 4. 1863. 
 ;- Beswick, William, Galesburg, e. May 25, i86i. .,,...,.- ;::., -.:..-. 
 
 " Busby, Thomas B., Galesburg, e. May 25, i86i. ';;;:-/-: /->/;''>';;: 
 
 ;, Carson, Edward, Galesburg, e. May 25, i86i. ' . . v . 
 
 Courtney, George, Galesburg, e. May 25, i86i, disch. June 17, 1862, dis. '-i 
 
 Colville, Robert, Galesburg, e. May 25, i86i, disch. May i6, 1862, dis. .. 
 
 Colbourn, John, Galesburg, e. May 25, i86i, kid. at Fort Donelson, Feb. 
 '.; ; 13. 1862. 
 
 Coe, Edward D., Galesburg, e. May 25, i86i. ^' - - .' . 
 /- Dunham, Mulford E., Galesburg, e. May 25, i86i, kid. at Fort Donelson, Feb. 
 
 'f- 13, 1862. ... :..,..,,, 
 
 '.> Erickson, Oloff, Galesburg, e. May 25. i86i, disch. May i6, 1862. ? ;> 
 Frantz, Christian, Galesburg, e. May 25, i86i. . ,? . 
 
 Griffer, Joseph, Galesburg, e. May 25, i86i, disch. Dec. 20. 1862. . ., V^ . 
 
 . . Graham, Joseph, Galesburg, e. May 25, i86i, disch. July 24. i86i. ;:::'-: 
 
 Goddard, E. Miles, Galesburg, e. May 25. i86i, vet., m. o. May 28, 1866. v. . ; 
 
 'V Gallant, Lloyd, Galesburg. e. May 25, i86i. ,.; ' "x. 
 
 ' Gillett, W. Jasper, Abingdon, e. May 25, i86i. :.:'^. -'- ; ' '- v.; -^i^;- : 
 
 Hughes, George, Galesburg, e. May 25, i86i. \ - . i- . .V ;-> 
 
 Hughes, Albert S., Galesburg, e. May 25, i86i. . :-^ ^k 
 
 >: Hicks, Mason M., Galesburg, e. May 25, i86i, disch. May i6, 1862. ' . . v 
 
 ['': Johnston, John C., Henderson, e. May 25, i86i. ;..' 4;! : = 1 
 
254 
 
 HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY 
 
 ; Judson, Franklin, Galesburg, e. May 25, i86i. ::.- .>-..';: 
 : Jackson, William R., Galesburg, e. May 25, i86i, died April 8, 1862. 
 .' ' Lock, Alfonzo, Galesburg, e. May 25, i86i. 
 
 .V^ Lane, Elias F., Henderson, e. May 25, i86l. V;^ >''.' .- 
 
 ' Landon, Merrill R., Galesburg, e. May 25, i86i. ' 
 
 '. Lanni, August, Galesburg e. May 25, i86i. :-. . ' 
 
 ' ; Leran, Charles, Galesburg, e. May 25, i86i, disch. March 31, 1862. 
 
 Miles, John A., Galesburg, e. May 25, i86i. ' 
 
 Moore, Rufus H., Galesburg, e. May 25, i86i, disch. April 24, 1862, dis. - 
 ; i Ostron, John H., Galesburg, e. May 25, i86i, trans, to gunboat service Feb. 
 2, 1862. ,.;-.;, -.: . 
 
 Olson, Charles, Galesburg, e. May 25, i86i. 
 . Potter, Andrew J., Oneida, e. May 25, i86i, disch. July 30, 1862. 
 
 Samuels, Jno. L., Henderson, e. May 25, i86i, drowned Nov. 21, i86i. '. 
 Simcox, Robert, Henderson, e. May 25, i86i, disch. June 13, 1862. | ^ " 
 '- Stokes, Horace, Galesburg, e. May 25, i86i, disch. Dec. 13. 1862. \ 
 
 Swanson, A. Swan, Oneida, e. May 25, i86i, disch. April 28, 1862. ./ 
 
 Spinner, Joseph F., Oneida, e. May 25, i86l, disch. Aug. 2, 1862. .' 
 
 Thompson, Alexander, Galesburg, e. May 25, i86i, disch. May i6, 1862, dis. ri- 
 Temple, John, Galesburg, e. May 25, i86i. ; . 
 
 '; VanBremer, Benjamin, Galesburg, e. May 25, i86l. ' : ' 
 ' Vertrees, Chas. M., St. Augustine, e. May 25, 1861. - - . ' 
 West, Julius B., Galesburg, e. May 25, i86i. '. 
 
 Woolen, Robert, Galesburg, e. May 25, i86i, trans, to gunboat Feb. 2, 1862. 
 
 /.-.^--i'''; '. : . : . ' --. Recruits ^^; ':''- '>V.-.':-: '--.' ' /']-.[:', ^ 
 
 Barrell, George W., Galesburg, e. March 28, 1862. 
 
 Booten, John W., Abingdon, e. Dec. ii, 1863, trans, to Co. B, 8th Inf., m. o. 
 May 4, 1866. 
 
 Carpenter, Benjamin F., Galesburg, e. Dec. 4, i86i, died April 12, 1862. . ' 
 
 Fitch, Harman, Galesburg, e. Dec. 4, i86i. : -. ''',. ; . . 
 
 Graham, Joseph, Henderson Grove, e. Feb. 6, 1862. 
 ' Kilpatrick, Joseph, Oneida, e. June 15, i86i, disch. April 30, 1862, dis. 
 , Levin, Charles, Galesburg, e. Jan. 5. 1864, m. o. May 28, 1866. 
 
 Lawson, William, Galesburg, e. Jan. 5, 1864, trans, to Co. B, 8th Inf., died 
 
 Oct. 1, 1865. ' . : : ; 
 
 Linn, James H., Gilson, e. May 25, i86i, vet., trans, to Co. E, 8th Inf., m. o. 
 May 28, 1866. 
 
 Long, Edwin G., Galesburg, e. May 25, i86i, died Feb. 21, 1862, wounds. T 
 
 Moore, James H., Galesburg, e. Dec. 4, i86i, disch. Aug. 14, 1862. 
 
 Rose, Albert, Galesburg, e. May 25, i86i. ; ? .;-;>;'. 
 
 Stokes, Horace, Galesburg, e. May 25, i86i. 
 
 Slouson, Rufus L., Galesburg, e. May 25, i86i, disch. June 17, 1862. 
 
 Wells, John H., Galesburg. e. June 15, i86i. 
 
 Parsons, Freeman, Galesburg, e. Dec. 4, i86i, pris. of war, m. o. Feb. 22, 1865. 
 
 Walker, Thomas R., Galesburg, e. May 25, i86i. 
 
 Flowers, William H., Galesburg, e. Dec. 2, 1863, trans, to Col. B, 8th Inf.,. 
 died. April 13, 1865. 
 
;'''.;:;..;: HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY :;; .266 
 
 ':':''' '' '". >'-^X,'-^' ./'.''.''.:'' i'':;'..^, COMPANY i "^'r-';:V'U''V ' ' -.': ';'?'''.:'''';'-' .'^ *'?- \ :' 
 
 '"''- "-"'' '''' First Lieutenant ,'..-;';"' .- ^- - ' "' V -".'.^ !' V'^ 
 
 -.'- Glancey, Theodore, Abingdon, e. May 25, i86i, term ex. June, 1864. !; .: V : 
 
 , ' ' Privates - - .. . -^^^ 
 
 McGrath, Joseph V., Galesburg, e. Jan. 5, 1864, trans, to Co. A, 8th Inf., ;: , 
 pro. corpl., m. o. May 4, 1866. v' 
 
 Miles, Isaac O., North Henderson, e. Aug. 12, i86i, trans, to Co. A, 8th Inf., :':-' 
 disch. Aug. II, 1864. ;.. : L:,r'. , ; , / '. ' V 
 
 ../ ';;; ''-A:' < 28TH INFANTRY;.;;- : ^'^.V -.;' : ^; ^- -;-.-...-, v.-'-^.;. 
 
 -';' f - - - - - COMPANY G '" ' " ' ;. ;.''\''v-^. --''"' 
 
 ; Coates, Nathan, Truro, e. March 13, 1865, m. o. Aug. 14, 1865. ..;/' 
 
 ' Martin, William H., Rio, e. March 14, 1865. !?; ;;V ''-.; ''--^ 
 
 ; McCarty, Edward, Rio, e. March 14, 1865. ;, .; r-- .;';;.;. :v1 ' ' ^' 
 
 ^^ McLean, David, Rio, e. March 14, 1865. .'::/^;V;^: . ;>.;;,,; :,;v^.. 
 
 Powers, James, Rio, e. March 14, 1865. >^ - ^ ^^ . -'>;,/ ^ 
 
 Riley, Charles, Rio, e. March 14, 1865. -^-^ ;' ^- .- ;^,'^:;: .:. 
 
 Slow, John, Douglass, e. March 4, 1865, m. o. March 4, 1866. .-; ..' ' / 
 
 Lowery. Albert H., Henderson, Co. H., e. March 13, 1865, m. o. March 13. " TV 
 
 1866. , ' .....-.......,-,- .-;.,,.-..- . --v ..- ...;-:K;K ' 
 
 ' ',' ', ^'" \" : -^ '-; ' '":- .C 3OTH INFANTRY ^-:./''-' ' ";'J . -' -. -^'';' .'.''^.';^-;^-,v-"' j..' ./ 
 ----. -.:''-'. '^ '''-'.; ..I'"' ' COMPANY A 'AT\':'r' -";''/, - '." --v.^/^'Vi" '^v-:.; 
 -,',-' -.:..::''' -;::.--''.'-. Sergeant -'--'".''.,-''' ' ^';'-"' ';^^'. 
 
 Titus, Abner L., Knox Co., e. Aug. 12, i86i, disch. at Paducah, Feb. 27, 1862, V 
 wounds. .;.^-.. -'';,;...;?:-:;/;,>.'--"'.<,- v:>;/.\.v. -', ';:..:'/:'- .'.;:':';': -- 
 
 - ., Privates ^^-V-:'''^''i;:'>''-' 
 
 Alexander, R., Abingdon, e. Aug. 12, i86i, vet., m. o. July 17, 1865. ; v 
 
 ; Goodnoch, E. C., Abingdon, e. Aug. i6, i86i, vet., m. o. July 17, 1865, sergt. .- 
 Graw, E., Galesburg, e. Aug. 24, i86i, vet., m. o. July 15, 1865. ';.: 
 
 Hanson, L. D., Abingdon, e. Aug. i6, i86i, vet, m. o. July 17, 1865, sergt. ; , t 
 Rodgers, Albert, Abingdon, e. Aug. 21, i86i, m. o. Sept. 3, 1864. ,:'^ .:, 
 
 Smith, John, Abingdon, e. Aug. 27, i86i, died Feb. 3, 1862. ;.'': ^;: 
 
 Valentine, J., Abingdon, e. Aug. 12, 1861, disch. May 3, 1862, dis. <;;>' : 
 ' : Roe, Silas J., Indian Ft., e. Sept. 27, 1864, m. o. June 4, 1865. ' C. V . ' b 
 
 - - ..': ' .. -.^' ' '.'.'. COMPANY G" ':>.;;..'.;>,: ;:.;'';:"; V ,1?^:"'' -i-i^'f 
 . First Lieutenant ^ '. T . ; ';; ':\; 
 
 McClure, John, Abingdon, e. Sept. 30, i86i, res. Sept. 15, 1864. v./C ^ .M 
 
 - ' Captain ;'>,>..-;. ''.- r^v---- - ': 
 
 Wolf, David H., Abingdon, e. Sept. 30, i86i, vet, m. o. July 17, 1865. >'>, 
 
 ', - '--^ '/.'/':'' ''.'S -.:.': Corporals '^"'^:-::,y./-::'^.: : . -v y'^" ' '' -V/ C 
 
 - Miller, Benj. F., Abingdon, e. Sept 30, i86i, m. o. ist sergt. -..''-';.;''-, ! 
 ' Logan, James A., Abingdon, e. Sept. 30, i86i, pro. ist lieut i < ! 
 
 Hurst, H. H., Abingdon, e. Sept. 30, i86i, m. o. July 17, 1865, ist sergt..:j.;.A . .? - 
 
256 HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY 
 
 '-.- . .--,': Privates -''"''' '"'^'"''~-' ^"''''' ''^"" 
 
 , Dodson, R., Abingdon, e. Sept. 30, i86i, disch. April 15, 1862, dis. 
 .; Purdue, J. W., Abingdon, e. Sept. 30, i86i, died at Ft. Donelson, April 4, 1862. 
 ; ;. Ditts, J. W., Abingdon, e. Nov. 28, i86i. 
 
 . : VVillett, D. B., Abingdon, e. Jan. 6, i86i, vet., m. o. July 17, 1865. 
 / Patterson, Aaron, Abingdon, e. Dec. i, i86i. 
 
 Willett, T., Abingdon, e. Jan. 6, i86i, vet., m. o. July 17, 1865. V, 
 
 330 INFANTRY 
 
 Was organized at Campt Butler in i86i. Sept. 20, moved to Ironton, Mo., 
 remained during the winter. March, 1862, moved with the command of Gen. 
 Steele southward, passing into Arkansas at Pitman's Ferry, and marching via 
 Pocahontas and Jacksonport to Batesville, where it joined Gen. Curtis' army; 
 thence via Jacksonport, Augusta and Clarendon, to Helena. Was engaged in 
 the battle of Cache, and in many skirmishes. At the battle of cotton plant, Co. A, 
 on skirmish line, met and checked a charge of 2,000 Texan Rangers. 
 : During July and August were camped 20 miles south of Helena, and en- 
 gaged in eight expeditions up and down the river. Sept. i, was moved up 
 the river to Sulphur Springs, and thence to Pilot Knob Nov. 15, moved to Van 
 Buren, Ark. Made winter campaign in Southeast Missouri. Was ordered 
 to Ste. Genevieve, Mo., where, with the command, it embarked for Milliken's 
 Bend, La. Attached to the ist. Brig., ist. Div., i3th Army Corps, it was en- 
 gaged in all its battles, participating in the battles of Fort Gibson, Champion 
 Hills, Black River Bridge, assault and siege of Vicksburg and the siege of Jack- 
 son. In August, moved to New Orleans with i3th Corps. In October en- 
 gaged in the campaign up the Bayou Teche. Returned to New Orleans in 
 November. Thence ordered to Brownsville, Texas, but, before landing, was 
 ordered to Arkansas Pass. Disembarked on St. Joseph's Island, marched up 
 St. Joseph's and Matagorda Islands to Saluria, participating in the capture of 
 Fort Esperanza. Thence moved to Indianola and Port Lavaca. January i, 1864, 
 the regiment re-enlisted as veterans, and March 14 reached Bloomington, 111., and 
 received veteran furlough. April lo, 1864, was re-organized at Camp Butler, and 
 proceeded to New Orleans, arriving 29th and camping at Carrollton. May 17, 
 ordered to Brashear City, La. Soon after its arrival the regiment was scattered 
 along the line of road as guard. Sept. 17, 1864, the non-veterans, were started 
 home, via New York City with rebel prisoners in charge. March 2, 1865, or- 
 dered to join the i6th Army Corps. Near Boutte Station the train was thrown 
 from the track, and 9 men killed and 70 wounded. 
 
 1 8th Regiment embarked on Lake Ponchartrain for Mobile expedition. Moved, 
 via Fort Gaines and Navy Cove, landed on Fish River, Ala., and marched with 
 Gen. Canby's army up east side of Mobile Bay. March 27 arrived in front 
 of Spanish Fort, the main defense of Mobile, and until its capture, April 8, 
 was actively engaged. After the surrender of Mobile, marched for Montgomery, 
 Ala. Here it received the news of Lee and Johnson's surrender. Moved to 
 Vicksburg, April 14, 1865. Mustered out of service Nov. 24, 1865. 
 
 The 33d. Regiment had io6 men from Knox County; 2 were killed, 13 died, 
 5 were wounded, and 4 were prisoners. 
 
ILLINOIS HOTEL 
 
 Located on the corner of Main and Kellogg Streets. Erected as Brown't Hotel in 187i. Kemodeled 
 in 1903. 
 
 HOTEL ANNEX 
 Located on the corner of North I'rairie and Ferris Streets. Erected in 1808. 
 
256 . HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY ' ^ ; 
 
 Privates 
 
 Dodson, R., Abingdon, e. Sept. 30, i86i, disch. April 15, 1862, dis. 
 Purdue, J. VV., Abingdon, e. Sept. 30, i86i, died at Ft. Donelson, April 4, 1862. 
 Ditts, J. W., Abingdon, e. Nov. 28, i86i. 
 
 Willett, D. B., Abingdon, e. Jan. 6, i86i, vet., m. o. July 17, 1865. 
 Patterson, Aaron, Abingdon, e. Dec. i, i86l. 
 Willett, T., Abingdon, e. Jan. 6, i86i, vet., m. o. July 17, 1865. 
 
 330 INFANTRV ' i: :^ 
 
 Was organized at Campt Butler in i86i. Sept. 20, moved to Ironton, Mo., 
 remained during the winter. March, 1862, moved with the command of Gen. 
 Steele southward, passing into Arkansas at Pitman's Ferry, and marching via 
 Pocahontas and Jacksonport to Batesville, where it joined Gen. Curtis' army; 
 thence via Jacksonport, Augusta and Clarendon, to Helena. Was engaged in 
 the battle of Cache, and in many skirmishes. At the battle of cotton plant, Co. A, 
 on skirmish line, met and checked a charge of 2,000 Texan Rangers. 
 
 During July and August were camped 20 miles south of Helena, and en- 
 gaged in eight expeditions up and down the river. Sept. i, was moved up 
 the river to Sulphur Springs, and thence to Pilot Knob Nov. 15, moved to \'an 
 Buren, Ark. Made winter campaign in Southeast Missouri. Was ordered 
 to Ste. Genevieve, Mo., where, with the command, it embarked for Milliken's 
 Bend, La. Attached to the ist. Brig., ist. Div., i3th Army Corps, it was en- 
 gaged in all its battles, participating in the battles o' Fort Gibson, Champion 
 Hills, Black River Bridge, assault and siege of \'icksburg and the siege of Jack- 
 son. In August, moved to New Orleans with i3th Corps. In October en- 
 gaged in the campaign up the Bayou Teche. Returned to New Orleans in 
 November. Thence ordered to Brownsville, Texas, but, before landing, was 
 ordered to Arkansas Pass. Disembarked on St. Joseph's Island, marched up 
 St. Joseph's and Matagorda Islands to Saluria. participating in the capture of 
 Fort Esperanza. Thence moved to Indianola and Port Lavaca. January i, 1864, 
 the regiment re-enlisted as veterans, and March 14 reached Bloomington, 111., and 
 received veteran furlough. April lo, 1864, was re-organized at Camp Butler, and 
 proceeded to New Orleans, arriving 29th and camping at Carrollton. May 17, 
 ordered to Brashear City, La. Soon after its arrival the regiment was scattered 
 along the line of road as guard. Sept. 17, 1864, the non-veterans, were started 
 home, via New York City with rebel prisoners in charge. March 2, 1865, or- 
 dered to join the i6th Army Corps. Near Boutte Station the train was thrown 
 from the track, and g men killed and 70 wounded. 
 
 1 8th Regiment embarked on Lake Ponchartrain for Mobile expedition. Moved, 
 via Fort Gaines and Navy Cove, landed on Fish River, Ala., and marched with 
 Gen. Canby's army up east side of Mobile Bay. March 27 arrived in front 
 of Spanish Fort, the main defense of Mobile, and until its capture, April 8, 
 was actively engaged. After the surrender of Mobile, marched for Montgomery, 
 Ala. Here it received the news of Lee and Johnson's surrender. Moved to 
 Vicksburg, April 14, 1865. Mustered out of service Nov. 24. 1865. |. 
 
 The 33d. Regiment had io6 men from Knox County; 2 were killed. 13 died, 
 5 were wounded, and 4 were prisoners. 
 
^ ILLINOIS HOTEL '' -,- ^., 
 
 Located on tlie corner of Main and Kellogg Streets. Erected as llrown'r Hotel in IXTi. Remod<;Ied 
 in l!io:>. 
 
 HOTEL ANNEX 
 Located on the corner of North I'lairie and Kerris Streets. Erected in I81I.S. 
 
, HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY :" 257 
 
 COMPANY A 
 
 Privates - . ':, 
 
 Scott, Alexander E., Maquon, e. Aug. 21, i86i, 
 Scott, Thomas, Maquon, e. Aug. 21, i86i. 
 
 COMPANY B . 
 
 Loud, Silas J., Galesburg, e. Feb. 6, 1864, sick at Nashville at m. o. 
 McQueen, Wm. M., Galesburg, e. Feb. 8. 1864, m. o. Nov. 24, 1865. 
 Parkinson, Jacob N., Galesburg, e. Feb. 6, 1864, sick at m. o. regt. 
 Seanson, Neltz, Galesburg, e. Feb. 8, 1864, prisoner of war at m. o. regt. 
 Lang, Issac N., Galesburg, e. Feb. 13, 1862. ' v 
 
 ._. , ...^'-V:':'- . COMPANY E ,';.''', . .--' ' 
 
 -"'- ''' ^--' Captain 
 
 Bryan, William H., Galesburg, e. Aug. 27, i86i, vet., m. o. Nov. 24, 1865. 
 
 First Lieutenant 
 
 Stone, Clarendon A., Galesburg, e. Sept. i8, i86i, res. June i8, 1862. 
 Marsh, Edward, Abingdon, e. June 22, 1863, res. June 6, 1864. 
 
 V- '' .' '' " .' ,-'! ' '' 
 
 Sergeant 
 Clarke, George A., Galesburg, e. Aug. 14, i86i, disch. Dec. 6, 1862, dis. 
 
 Corporals :-;.,/; 
 
 Munroe, George H., Galesburg, e. Aug. 19, i86i, disch. Dec. 22, 1862, dis. 
 Ward, Henry C., Galesburg, e. Aug. 15, i86i, disch. Dec. 22, 1862, dis. 
 
 ;V ;;/:; Privates ;> -. 
 
 Anderson, Abram P., Galesburg, e. Aug. 14, i86i, disch. Feb. 20, 1863, dis. 
 
 Butler, James N., Galesburg, e. Aug. 12, i86i. 
 
 Bumer, John M., Galesburg, e. Aug. 27, i86i, pro. corpl, disch. Dec. lO, 
 1862, dis. 
 
 Burlingame, Spencer, Galesburg, e. Aug. 6, i86i, re-e. as vet., died at 
 Brashear City, July 14, 1864. 
 
 Burlingame, William D., Galesburg, e. Aug. 19, i86i, wd. at Vicksburg, May 
 22, 1863. 
 
 Davis, James H., Abingdon, e. Aug. 26, i86i, kid. at Vicksburg, May 22, 1863. 
 
 Davis, John W., Abingdon, e. Aug. 27, i86i. 
 
 Davis, Frank M., Galesburg, e. Aug. 19, i86i, died at St. Louis, Oct. 19, 1862. 
 
 Irland, William, Galesburg, e. Aug. i6, i86i, died at St. Louis, Nov. ii, 1862. 
 
 Moore, William B., Abingdon, e. Aug. 24, i86i, trans, to Co. H. 
 
 Overstreet, Mitchell E., Galesburg, e. Aug. 28, i86i, disch. Nov. 27, 1862, dis. 
 
 Pisley, Prince W., Abingdon, e. Aug. 28, i86i, disch. Nov. 17, 1862, wd. 
 
 Pratt, Charles W., Abingdon, e. Aug. 23, i86i, re-e. as vet., m. o. Nov. 24. 
 1865, as 1st. sergt. 
 
 White, George F., Galesburg, e. Aug. 20, i86i, re-e. as vet., disch. May 13, 
 
 1865, as corpl, dis. ' - 
 
 voLi 17 :' :. 
 
258 ;; HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY 
 
 Porter, John M., Galesburg, e. Aug. 23, i86i, re-e. as vet., m. o. Nov. 24, 
 1865, as corpl. 
 
 Flecker, James H., Abingdon, e. August 23, i86i, re-e. as vet., disch Nov. 
 29, 1864, dis. 
 
 Wiley, Walter S., Galesburg, e. Aug. 6, i86i, re-e. as vet, m. o. Nov. 24, 
 1865, as corpl. .. .; 
 
 Recruits 
 
 Abbott, George W., St. Augustine, e. Nov. 6, i86i, trans, to Inf. corps, Jan. 
 15. 1864. 
 
 Simmons, Madison, St. Augfustine, e. Nov. 6, i86i. 
 
 Watson, Jason L., Galesburg, e. Sept. 21, i86i, kid. at Vicksburg, May 
 22, 1863. 
 
 Watson, James H., Galesburg, e. Oct. 6, i86i, re-e. as vet., m. o. Nov. 24, 
 1865, as corpl. 
 
 Taylor, George W., Galesburg, e. Jan. 4, i86i, m. o. Nov. 24, 1865. . 
 
 , ' COMPANY F 
 
 Lewis, James M., Galesburg, e. Feb. 9, 1864, P"s. war at m. o. regt. 
 Swanson, August, Galesburg, e. Feb. 19, 1864, pris. war at m. o. regt. 
 
 ..'.-:"'' ^\ ^.. - ''" COMPANY H ,, .-;' 
 
 Captains 
 
 McKenzie, James A., Galesburg, e. Sept. i8, i86i, res. March lo, 1863. 
 Smith, Geo. E., Galesburg, e. March lo, 1863, m. o. Nov. 24, 1865. 
 
 -' " ' '''.-,'-' - . , -'..X .';- 
 
 First Lieutenant 
 
 Williams, Robert P., Galesburg, e. Sept. i8, i86i, res. July i, 1863. 
 Chambers, Emmet B., Knoxville, e. Sept. 19, i86i, m. o. NOV. 24, 1865. 
 
 Second Lieutenant 
 
 :. Ryland, John M., Galesburg, e. Sept. 19, i86i, re-e. as vet. 
 ; Follett, John M., Galesburg, e. Sept. 19, i86i, vet., m. o. Nov. 24, 1865. 
 
 : ' Privates .1 ;.-;., 
 
 Allen, Jesse, Maquon, e. Sept. 19, i86i, vet., m. o. Nov. 24, 1865. 
 
 Barrer, Thomas, Galesburg, e. Sept. 19, i86i, vet., m. o. Nov. 24, 1865, as 
 1st. sergt. 
 
 Bay, James M., Abingdon, e. Sept. 19, i86i, vet., m. o. Nov. 24, 1865. 
 
 Bay, Robert, Abingdon, e. Sept. 19, i86i, m. o. Oct. ii, 1864. - .| 
 
 Beare, John, Galesburg, e. Sept. 19, i86i. 
 
 Boatman, Aaron, Galesburg, e. Sept. 19, i86i, vet., m. o. Nov. 24, 1865, corpl. 
 ^ Cameron, John, Galesburg, e. Sept. 19, i86i, died at Ironton, Mo. Jan. 7, 1863. 
 
 Carnes, Edward M., Galesburg, e. -Sept. 19, i86i, disch. Sept. 29, 1863, dis. 
 :. Chapman, Grove L., Victoria, e. Sept. 19, i86i, vet., disch. May i8, 1865, 
 sergt., wounds. 
 
 Conant, Reuben H., Galesburg, Sept. 19, i86i, vet., m. o. Nov. 24, 1865, as 
 
 sergt. ';'-;.:.-' ,' 
 
HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY; Jv^: 259 
 
 Converse, Elbur A., Galesburg, e. Sept. 19, i86i, vet, m, o. Nov. 24, 1865. 
 
 Davis, James B., Maquon, e. Sept. 19, i86i, vet., disch. July 13, 1865, wounds. 
 
 Davis, William H., Maquon, e. Sept. 19, i86i, died at Arcadia, Mo., Dec. 
 19, i86i. 
 
 Ellison, James M., Abingdon, e. Sept. 19, i86i, disch. Jan. i8, 1863, dis. 
 
 Fauble, Josiah P., Galesburg, e. Sept. 19, i86i, disch. Nov. i6, 1862, dis. 
 
 Ferris, Frederick H., Galesburg, e. Sept. 19, i86i, vet., pro. 2d. lieut. 74th. U. 
 S. Col. Inf. 
 
 Freeze, Joseph, Abingdon, e. Sept. 19, i86i, disch. May 30, 1862, dis. 
 
 Hatch, John F., Oneida, e. Sept. 19, i86i, corpl. trans. Miss., marine brig., 
 Feb. 22, 1863. 
 
 Hayes, Festus C., Victoria, e. Sept. 19, i86i, trans, to vet., res. corps, March 
 15, 1864. 
 
 Hicks, Lauren Myron, Victoria, e. Sept. 19, i86i, died at Oldtown, Ark., 
 Sept. 21, 1862. 
 
 Hitt, Loren, Galesburg, e. Sept. 19, i86i, m. o. Oct. ii, 1864. 
 
 Hyde, Jedediah S., Galesburg, e. Sept. 19, i86i, corpl, died at Helena, Aug. 
 19, 1862. ':^.' :^ 
 
 Ingle, John, Maquon, e. Sept. 19, i86i, disch. Feb. 26, 1863, dis. 
 
 Jackson, Eli F., Galesburg, e. Sept. 19, i86i, vet., disch. Sept. i, 1865, as 
 corpl, dis. 
 
 Jackson, Henry C., Galesburg, e. Sept. 19, i86i, m. o. Oct. ii, 1864, as corpl. 
 : Jackson, James F., Galesburg, e. Sept. 19, i86i, m. o. Oct. ii, 1864, as sergt. 
 
 Jones, William, Knoxville, e. Sept. 19, i86i, died at Ironton, Mo., Dec. 28, 
 1862. 
 
 Keyes, Asahel, Galesburg, e. Sept. 19, i86i, disch. Feb. 9, 1863, dis. 
 
 Martin, Arthur, Victoria, e. Sept. 19, i86i, died at Terre Banne, La., Sept. 
 
 I, 1864. -..::.. 
 
 Martz, Alexander, St. Augustine, e. Sept. 19, i86i. X\ 
 
 McCay, Lewis R., Maquon, e. Sept. 19, i86i. 
 
 McHenry, Daniel, Maquon, e. Sept. 19, i86i, vet., m. o. Nov. 24, 1865. 
 
 Mills, Joseph, Abingdon, e. Sept. 19, i86i, died at Ironton, Mo., Nov. 25, 1862. 
 
 Mott, George W., Galesburg, e. Sept. 19, i86i, disch. Oct. 15, i86i, dis. 
 
 Morgan, Albert W., Galesburg, e. Sept. 19, i86i, trans, to vet., res. corps, 
 March 15, 1864. 
 
 Reed, Matthew, St. Augustine, e. Sept. 19, i86i, vet., pro. corpL 
 
 Rodecker, William H., Abingdon, e. Sept. 19, i86i, trans, to Miss, marine 
 brig., Feb. 22, 1863. 
 
 Smith, Samuel W., Maquon, e. Sept. 19, i86i, vet., m. o. Nov. 24, 1865. 
 
 Steel, Henry, Galesburg, e. Sept. 19, i86i, m. o. Oct. ii, 1864. 
 
 Steel, Samuel F., Abingdon, e. Sept. 19, i86i, disch. Sept. 30, 1862, dis. 
 
 Tripp, Augustus J., Victoria, e. Sept. 19, i86i, corpl, died at Ironton, Dec. 
 2, i86i. 
 
 Recruits 
 
 Brothers, Francis, Galesburg, e. Feb. 3, 1863, died at St. Louis, Nov. 20, 1862. 
 Boeington, Hyrcann, Galesburg, e. Oct. 7, i86i. 
 
 Cemer, William H., Galesburg, Oct. 7, i86i, vet., died at Cairo, Nov. 14, 1864. 
 Fremole, William, Maquon, e. Oct. 7, i86i, vet., m. o. Nov. 24, 1865, as corpl. 
 
260 r-; HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY 
 
 Fletcher, Samuel, Galesburg, e. March ii, 1863. 
 
 Goddard, George V. R., Galesburg, e. Oct. lo, i86i, vet., m. o. Nov. 24, 
 1865, as corpl. 
 
 Howe, Charles, Galesburg, e. Feb. 4, 1862, trans, to Miss, marine brig., Feb. 
 22, 1863. 
 
 Miller, Swan, Galesburg, e. March ii, 1862, m. o. March ii, 1865. 
 . . Miller, Jacob, Abingdon, e. Oct. lo, i86i, vet., m. o. Nov. 24, 1865. 
 V Mott, Avin K., Galesburg, e. Feb. 24, 1864, m. o. Nov. 24, 1865. 
 ,- Mitchell, Alexander, Rio, e. Feb. i, 1865, died at Vicksburg, Sept. 17, 1865. 
 ' Swazze, Benoni H., Abingdon, e. Oct. 7, i86i, disch. March 29, 1863, dis. 
 ; Swanson, Andrew, Galesburg, e. Feb. 3, 1862, disch. Aug. 31, 1862, dis. 
 '"._ Treadwell, Charles, Galesburg, e. Oct. lo, i86i, disch. Nov. 26, 1862, dis. 
 
 Vanderwalker, Edward, Galesburg, e. Feb. 15, 1864, m. o. Nov. 24, 1865. 
 Woolsey, Isaac., Maquon, e. Oct. 7, i86i, disch. Jan. 22, 1862, dis. 
 
 COMPANY I 
 
 '.:' Coe, Robert B., Galesburg, e. Sept. 5, i86i, vet., m. o. Nov. 24, 1865, as sergt. 
 
 ,. Coe, David P., Galesburg, e. Sept. 5, i86i, disch. Jan. 27, 1863, wounds. 
 
 \ ' Davis, Daniel W., Galesburg, e. Aug. i8, i86i, disch. Aug. i8, 1862, dis. 
 
 :- Kerrigan, Frank, Galesburg, e. April 7, 1865. 
 
 V - '. 36TH INFANTRY '.:' 
 
 . : ' COMPANY A '* 
 
 Boggs, Elijah, Victoria, e. Sept. 27, 1864, m. o. June 15, 1865. 
 > Brott, Chas. E., Copley, e. Sept. 27, 1864, m. o. June 15, 1865. 
 .' Cams, John N., Copley, e. Sept. 27, 1864, m. o. June 17, 1865. 
 . England, George, Copley, e. Sept. 27, 1864, m. o. June lo, 1865. - 
 
 ;; Harrison, Jacob H., Copley, e. Sept. 27, 1864, m. o. June 15, 1865. 
 ' Hurr, Edwin L., Victoria, e. Sept. 27, 1864, m. o. June 15, 1865. 
 
 McDowell, Mathew H., Victoria, e. Sept. 27, 1864, m. o. June 15, 1865. 
 
 Phillips, William, Victoria, e. Sept. 27, 1864, m. o. June 15, 1865. 
 '.I Todd, Warfield B., Victoria, e. Sept. 27, m. o. June 15, 1865. 
 Warrenford, James, Persifer, e. Sept. 27, 1864, m. o. June 15, i86s< 
 
 Wagher, Albert C., Copley, e. Sept. 27, 1864, m. o. June 15, 1865. 
 
 COMPANY D . : 
 
 ' Bassinger, John, Elba, e. Sept. 27, 1864, m. o. June 14, 1865. 
 
 Crawford, Robt. R., Truro, e. Sept. 27, 1864, kid. at Franklin, Tenn., Nov. 
 
 30, 1864. 
 
 Kimler, William, Truro, e. Sept. 27, 1864, died Jeflfersonville, Jan. 25, 1865, 
 wounds. 
 
 Kimler, Walker, Elba, e. Sept. 27, 1864, m. o. June 14, 1865. 
 : Lapham, Leroy, Truro, e. Sept. 27, 1864, m. o. June 14, 1865. 
 
 Lapham, Edward, Truro, e. Sept. 27, 1864, kid. at Nashville, Tenn., Dec. 
 1 6, 1864. 
 
 Patten, David M., Elba, e. Sept. 27, 1864, disch. May 29, 1865, wounds. 
 . Russell, Robt., Elba, e. Sept. 27, 1864, disch. June 14, 1865, pris. war. 
 
HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY v-^: ;;: .; 261 
 
 Roath, Robt, Elba, e. Sept 27, 1864, m. o. May 29, 1865. - V 
 Tucker, John, Truro, e. Sept. 27, 1864, m. o. June 14, 1865. 
 Temple, John, Truro, e. Sept. 27, 1864, 'm. o. June 30, 1865. 
 Zimmerman, Andrew J., Elba, e. Sept. 27, 1864, m. o. June 14, 1865. 
 
 COMPANY F ;;. 
 
 Dilley, Washington, Persifer, e. Sept. 27, 1864, m. o. June 14, 1865. 
 Grump, Nelson H., Persifer, e. Oct. ii, 1864, m. o. Oct. 8, 1865. 
 Jamagen, Isaac M., Haw Creek, e. Sept. 27, 1864, m. o. June 14, 1865. 
 
 COMPANY G 
 
 Hapenstall, Charles, Indian Pt., e. Oct. 14, 1864, died at Quincy, Dec. 26, 
 1864, wounds. 
 
 COMPANY H 
 
 Cook, Thomas G., Truro, e. Sept. 27, 1864, disch. June 15, 1865. 
 
 "-,--''.^^i-/' ;-.,^;.'.:'----.-.i;.'-. COMPANY I ;:.;.'- 
 
 Byram, Washington, Indian Pt., e. Sept. 27, 1864, died at Keokuk, April 
 II, 1865. 
 
 Blake, Alfred, Haw Creek, Sept. 27, 1864, died at Quincy, Jan. 3, 1865. 
 ; Clark, Newton G., Haw Creek, e. Sept. 27, 1864, m. o. June 14, 1865. 
 
 :> i, : Martin, William, Indian Pt., e. Sept 27, 1864, m. o. June 14, 1865. 
 ; ; Shay, Moses, Indian Pt., e. Sept. 27, 1864, m. o. June 14, 1865. 
 Tatten, David H., Elba, e. Sept. 27, 1864, m. o. June 14, 1865. 
 Tules, David H., Indian Pt., e. Sept. 27, 1864. : V . i 
 
 l:'-^;-'/.'::;^,;--.-;,:./:^,.;:.^. ^- ;,,;; 37TH INFANTRY ..', : ':' ' Xc'v;C'.:^. 
 
 ;'; !-^:'-- <.->^---.-:v-'.-'--^.' ';,Jy- COMPANY B . ' '"^' :, '. v':-'*^'/-': 
 
 Sergeant 
 Bleakley, Henderson B., Lynn, e. Aug. 19, i86i, disch. Sept. i, 1862, dis. 
 
 . ~^-- .' Privates ) ; '. / 
 
 Buflfum, Emery S., Altona, e. Aug. 19, i86i. : ' ' l.-y'-v' i"^ 
 
 Buffum, John W., Altona, Aug. 19, i86i, vet., m o. March 27, 1866. 
 Barney, Wm. H., Lynn, e. Aug. 19, i86i, vet., m. o. May i, 1866. 
 Crogan, Peter, Lynn, e. Aug. 19, i86i, m. o. Oct. 4, 1864. 
 Dudley, George W., Lynn, e. Aug. 19, i86i, m. o. Oct. 4, 1864. 
 Dudley, Charles, Lynn, e. Aug. 19, i86i, disch. Aug. 19, 1864. :;:'., 
 Ellsworth, Alma, Lynn, Aug. 19, i86i, disch. Jan. 26, 1865. 
 Lee, Richard M. J., Lynn, e. Aug. 19, i86i, vet., kid. by guerrillas April 
 25, 1865. 
 
 Miner, Martin V. B., Lynn, e. Aug. 19, i86i, disch. Jan. 26, 1865. 
 Patrick, Wm. M., Lynn, e. Aug. 19, i86i, disch. Jan. 4, 1864. 
 Reed, Isaac W., Lynn, e. Aug. 19, i86i, vet., m. o. Sept. 24, 1864. 
 Reed, Ira C. Jr., Lynn, e. Aug. 19, 1861, vet, m. o. May 15, 1866. 
 Sellon, Brodia, Lynn, e. Aug. 19, i86i, m. o. Oct. 4, 1864. 
 
262 : V HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY 
 
 ,; .;, Sterns, John O., Lynn, e. Aug 19, i86i, vet., m. o. March 6, 1866, sergt. 
 
 ;.':'. Wyman, James, Lynn, e. Aug. 19, i86i, disch. Oct. 14, 1862, wounds. 
 
 : : Whitehead, Albert, Lynn, e. Aug. 19, i86i, m. o. Sept. 29, 1864. 
 V;: Wilkinson, T., Lynn, e. Aug. 19, i86i, m. o. Oct. 4, 1864. 
 
 . ^ 420 INFANTRY 
 
 : : Was organized at Chicago, July 22, i86i. Moved to St. Louis Sept. 21, 
 
 vi i86i ; joined Maj-Gen. Hunter at Tipton, Mo., Oct. i8, i86i and was assigned to 
 
 .; Col. Palmer's brigade. Arrived at Warsaw, Oct. 25. Moved, Nov. i, at lo 
 
 v\ o'clock, p. m., and reached Springfield, Mo., a distance of 97 miles, at 4 o'clock, 
 
 '- p. m., on the 4th. Moved from Springfield on the 9th, and went into winter 
 
 quarters at Smithton, Mo. Marched from Smithton, Feb. 3, 1862, to St. Charles, 
 Mo. Arrived at Fort Hold, Kan., Feb. 20. Occupied Columbus, March 4, 1862. 
 
 ' Moved to Island No. lO, March 15, and was engaged until its surrender on the 
 V nth of April. Col. Roberts, with 50 men of Co. A., spiked 6 guns of the 
 
 enemy on the night of April i; joined Gen. Pope's army nth; moved to Fort 
 
 ;' ' Pillow, I4th; moved to Hamburg, Tenn., arriving April 22. Was engaged in 
 
 the siege of Corinth. Engaged in the battle of Farmington, May 9, 1862, losing 
 
 ;- 2 killed, 12 wounded, and 3 missing. Led the advance in the pursuit of Beaure- 
 
 , gard's army to Baldwin, Miss. The 42d occupied Courtland, Ala., from July 
 
 , 25 until Sept. 3, 1862, when it left for Nashville, Tenn., skirmished with the 
 
 :; enemy Dec. 30, and was engaged in battle of Stone River Dec. 31, with loss of 
 
 '''.' 22 killed, Ii6 wounded, and 85 prisoners. Engaged in the pursuit of Van Dorn. 
 
 . ' June 24, entered upon the Tullahoma campaign. July 31, camped at Bridgeport, 
 
 ; .; Ala. Sept. 2, engaged in the Chattanooga campaign; marched to Alpine, Ga., 
 
 ." thence to Trenton, and crossed Lookout Mountain. Engaged Sept. 19 and 20 
 
 :-;' in the battle of Chickamauga, Ga., losing 28 killed, 128 wounded, and 28 prisoners, 
 
 ; r and retreated to Chattanooga. Nov. 28, engaged in the battle of Mission Ridge, 
 
 ; ; lost 5 killed and 40 wounded, being on the skirmish line during the whole en- 
 
 '- gagement. Jan i, 1864, regiment re-enlisted; entered Atlanta campaign May 
 
 ' 3; was engaged at Rock Face Ridge, Resaca, Adairsville, New Hope Church, 
 
 Pine Mountain, Kenesaw Mountain, Peach Tree Creek, Atlanta, Jonesboro and 
 
 Lovejoy Station, encamping at Atlanta Sept. 8. Total loss in the campaign, 20 
 
 '. killed, 89 wounded, and 7 prisoners. June 15, moved by rail to Johnsonville, 
 
 , Tenn., and thence by water to New Orleans, and camped at Chalmette June 23. 
 
 - Jan. 10, 1866, received final payment and discharge. 
 
 - Ninety-eight men from Knox county were in Co. C. of the 42d. Regiment; 
 15 were killed, 20 wounded, 12 died, and 4 were taken prisoners. 
 
 :' '; ' ^ ' ' ' Colonel 
 
 , - Walworth, Nathan H., Oneida, e. July 22, i86i, res. April 13, 1864. 
 
 ::."'-.''''' :::.:. -I Major ;, 
 
 i; ::i- Leighton, James, Oneida, e. July 22, i86i, kid. Sept. 20, 1863. 
 
 .;:;.;,:.'- - - Surgeon 
 
 :' ; Goddard, John H., Sparta, April 29, 1865, m. o. Dec. i6, 1865. 
 
HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY ., 263 
 
 Sergeant Majors 
 
 St. Clair, Percy, Oneida, Sept. 3, i86i, disch. Oct. 4, 1862, dis. 
 Parshall, Gilbert A., Oneida, Aug. lo, i86i, pro. Capt. Co. B., kid. in action, 
 Nov. 29, 1864. 
 
 Musicians ' .'-. 
 
 . . ' ' j ' ** ' 
 
 Millsom, Wm. G., Oneida, .., died July 23, 1864. ' . :>' 
 
 Howland, J. M., Oneida, e, Jan. i, i86i, m. o. Dec. i6, 1865. .11 
 
 'i_ ' ,'',. 
 
 :;,...-.^-, COMPANY C .....' .'^--' 
 
 Captains ':^.'-'^ 
 
 Preston, L., Oneida, e. Aug. lo, i86i, died Dec. 31, 1863. 
 Powell, Orville, Oneida, e. Aug. lo, i86i, pris. at Libby, vet., m. o. Dec. 
 i6, 1865, wounds. '; v 
 
 First Lieutenants ' ,. > , 
 
 Furguson, Nicholas P., Walnut Grove, Dec. 24, i86i, res. June 13, 1862. 
 Powell, Brainard J., Oneida, e. Aug. lo, i86i, kid. at Resaca, May 15, 1864. 
 Stark, J., Oneida, Aug. lo, i86i, vet., m. o. Dec. i6, 1865. 
 
 - __ '.'._, 
 
 Second Lieutenants "'.-%':" 
 
 Scudder, Egbert M., Oneida, e. Aug. lo, i86i, res. Feb. 24, 1865. 
 Wallace, John, Oneida, .., vet., m. o. Dec. i6, 1865. . . , 
 
 >';:. c--/ iS'.:-?':'^ 'v -.-^ Sergeants . :, .- 
 
 Walker, A. A., e. Aug. lo, i86i, m. o. Sept. i6, 1864. ; 
 
 Sweet, N. B., e. Aug. lo, i86i, trans, to V. R. C. ; . ; ,; X 
 
 Corporals 
 
 Mosher, Geo. E., Oneida, Aug. lo, i86i, died at Tipton, Mo., Jan. 2, 1862. 
 
 Neeley, Andrew, Oneida, e. Aug. lo, i86i, disch. Aug. i8, 1864, as sergt., 
 wounds. 
 
 Aberdeen, John, Walnut Grove, e. Aug. lo, i86i, sergt., wd. at Stone River, 
 disch. April 20, 1863. 
 
 Bart, George W., Oneida, e. Aug. lo, i86i, trans, to invalid corps. 
 
 Privates 
 
 Andreas, P. B., Oneida, e. Aug. lo, i86i, died at Camp Worth, Mo., Dec. 
 i6, i86i. 
 
 Anderson, D. E., Oneida, e. Aug. lo, i86i, vet., V. R. C. 
 
 Anderson, C. C., Oneida, e. Aug. lo, i86i, kid. at Chicamauga. 
 
 Allen, A. E., Walnut Grove, e. Aug. lo, i86i, died at Tipton, Mo., Dec. 9, i86i. 
 
 Anderson, Chas. W., Oneida, e. Sept. 8, i86i. 
 
 Burt, Francis, Oneida, e. Aug. lo, i86i, killed at Stone River, Dec. 30, 1862. 
 
 Burt, William, Oneida, e. Aug. lo, i86i, died at Nashville, Tenn., April 5, 1864. 
 
 Burt, Jas., Oneida, e. Aug. 22, i86i, died at Camp Hunter, Mo., Nov. 22, i86i. 
 
 Bartholomew, Alfred, Oneida, e. Aug. 20, i86i, died at Bridgeport, Ala., Aug. 
 20, 1863. 
 
264 HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY 
 
 Barton, James, Oneida, e. Aug. lo, i86i, vet, m. o. Dec. i6, 1865, as corpl, 
 Bryant, Allen J., Walnut Grove. 
 ; Booher, David, Oneida. 
 
 Barnes, T. J., Oneida, e. Aug. lo, i86i, trans, to vet., res. corps. 
 Bo, Peter, Oneida. 
 
 Calkins, Calvin, Oneida, e. Aug. lo, i86i, disch. Jan. i, 1864, wounds. I . 
 Cornish, Wm., Oneida, e. Aug. lo, i86i, m. o. Sept. i6, 1864. ' 
 Carver, Luther R., Oneida, e. Aug. lo, i86i, m. o. Sept. i6, 1864, wd. 
 Cooley, Orion R., Oneida, e. Aug. lo, i86i, vet., m. o. July 15, 1865, pris. 
 Cooley, Sam'l. H., Oneida, e. Aug. i6, i86i, disch. May 2, 1862. 
 Conger, Geo. W., Galesburg, e. Aug. 20, i86i. 
 
 Chapman, Asa, Oneida, e. Aug. i6, i86i, trans, to Eng. corps Sept. i8, i86i. 
 
 Edgerton, Rollin H., Walnut Grove, Aug. lo, i86i, died at Annapolis, Dec. 
 20, 1864. 
 
 Eaves, Jesse T., Walnut Grove, e. Aug. lo, i86i, vet., m. o. Dec. i6, 1865, wd. 
 
 Erickson, Alfred, Oneida, e. Aug. lo, i86i, wd. at Stone River, trans, to 
 V. R. C. 
 
 Feeley, Thomas, Oneida, e. Sept. 13, i86i, vet., m. o. Dec. i6, 1865, wd. vV; -. 
 
 Feeley, James, Oneida, e. Aug. lo, i86i, trans, to V. R. C. 1.^-^ ^^ 
 
 Gardner, Benjamin F., Oneida, e. Aug. lo, i86i, kid. at Mission Ridge;. 
 
 Goodair, James B., Walnut Grove, e. Aug. lo, i86i, died May 30, 1864, wd. 
 . Guthrie, J., Oneida, Sept. 17, i86i, trans, to V. R. C. 
 
 Hanson, John, Oneida, Aug. i6, i86i, trans, to V. R. C., wd. at Mission Ridge. 
 
 Hawland, Joseph; Oneida, Aug. i6, i86i, kid. at Chickamauga. 
 
 Hand, George W., Oneida, Aug. 20, i86i, trans, to V. R. C. 
 
 Hand, John, Oneida, e. Aug. 20, i86i, disch. Dec. 17, 1862. 
 
 Hulse, Lewis V., Oneida, e. Aug. lo, i86i, vet., m. o. Dec. i6, 1865. 
 
 Holt, Martin V., Oneida, e. Aug. lo, i86i, m. o. Sept. i6, 1864. 
 
 Higgins, Orlando L., Oneida, e. Aug. i6, i86i, vet., disch. June 5, 1865, 
 pris., wd. 
 
 Hawks, Valentine, Victoria, e. Aug. lo, i86i, trans, to eng. corps Sept. 
 i8, i86i. : 
 
 Judson, Whitcomb, Oneida, e. Aug. lo, i86i, vet., disch. May ii, 1865, wd. 
 
 Jones, Owen R., Oneida, e. Aug. lo, i86i, vet., m. o. Dec. i6, 1865, as sergt. 
 ' Johnson, Charles, Oneida, e. Aug. 22, i86i, kid. at Stone River. 
 
 Leonard, Henry F., Galesburg, e. Aug. lo, i86i, vet., m. o. Dec. i6, 1865, as 
 sergt., wd. /- : 
 
 Lamphere, Alonzo, Oneida, e. Aug. lo, i86i, vet, disch. July 6, 1865, as 
 corpl, wd. 
 
 Lamphere, Joseph, Oneida, e. Aug. i6, i86i, died June 25, 1862. -1 
 r Linquist, Charles, Oneida, Aug. 22, i86i, vet, m. o. Dec. i6, 1865, as corpl, wd. 
 
 McConnell, Peter, Oneida, e. Aug. 20, i86i, vet., m. o. July 15, 1865, as 
 corpl, pris. 
 
 Mclntosh, George D., Oneida, e. Aug. lo, i86i, disch. Dec. 17, 1862, dis. 
 
 McCornack, John, Oneida, e. Aug. lo, i86i, vet., died May 28, 1864. 
 
 McKanckie, Robert, Oneida, e. Aug. 20, i86i, trans, to V. R. C. 
 McKanckie, William, Oneida, e. Aug. lo, i86i, kid. at Resaca, Ga., May 
 
 15, 1864. , . . . 
 
HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY :;:rU 
 
 Maxwell, Thomas J., Oneida, e. Aug. lo, i86i, kid. at Mission Ridge, Nov. 
 25, 1863. . . 
 
 Maynard, Stanley, Oneida, e. Aug. lo, i86i. 
 
 Nofscar, Jacob, Oneida, e. Aug. lo, i86i, died at Keokuk, Iowa, July 17, 1862. 
 
 Purdey, James, Oneida, e. Aug. i6, i86i, wd. at Stone River, trans, to V. R. C. 
 
 Pierce, Patrick H., Oneida, e. Aug. lo, i86i, trans, to V. R. C. 
 
 Piatt, Jacob, Altona, e. Aug. i6, i86i, vet., pro. corpl, m. o. Dec. i6, 1865. 
 
 Pierce, Wm. H. H., Altona, e. Aug. 22, i86i, wd. twice, m. o, Sept. i6, 1864. 
 
 Roach, Edward, Altona. ; v ' 
 
 Reynolds, Warren, Altona, e. Aug. i6, kid. at Stone River, Dec. 31, 1862. 
 
 Rice, George, Oneida, e. Aug. lo, i86i, disch. July 15, 1862, dis. 
 
 Shamp, Joseph S., Oneida, e. Aug. lo, i86i, trans, to V. R. C. 
 
 Scudder, Giles B., Oneida, e. Aug. lo, i86i, disch. Aug. 25, 1863, dis. 
 
 Starr, William A., Walnut Grove, e. Aug. lo, i86i, disch. Sept. 24, 1862. 
 
 Sullivan, Michael, Oneida. 
 
 Strain, Milton, Oneida, e. Aug. lo, i86i, disch. April 19, 1862, dis. 
 
 Shaw, Charles, Knoxville, e. Aug. 20, i86i, trans, to regt. band. 
 
 Starr, James T., Altona, e. Aug. lo, i86i, trans, to V. R. C. 
 
 Tynan, William, Oneida, e. Au^. lo, i86i, vet., m. o. Dec. i6, 1865. 
 
 Thomas, Hubert J., Oneida, e. Aug. i6, kid. by railroad accident, Oct. i6, 1864. 
 
 Thomas, P. J., Henderson, e. Aug. 20, i86i, disch. April 7, 1862, dis. 
 
 Thompson, David, Oneida, e. Aug. lo, i86i, trans, to eng. corps Sept. i8, i86i. 
 
 Whiting, Wilbert L., Altona, e. Aug. lo, i86i, vet, kid. at Calhoun, Ga., May 
 i6, 1864. ;-..;. ' : 
 
 'Recruits . > 
 
 Anderson, Calvin B., Wat^ga. 
 
 Fowler, David W., Oneida, kid. at Mission Ridge, Nov. 25, 1863. 
 
 McCreery, Henry, Altona, e. March 8, 1865, died June 3, 1865. 
 
 Spencer, Marion, Altona, e. March 8, 1865, m. o. Dec. i6, 1865. 
 
 Voris, Mills. Oneida, e. March ii, 1862, disch. June 24, 1864, wounds. 
 ':'-':l Wallace, John, vet, m. o. Dec. i6, 1865, as ist sergt. 
 
 ' % . ---. ., .', .- ../_ 
 
 430 INFANTRY 
 
 The 43d. Infantry was organized at Camp Butler in September, i86i, by Col. 
 Julius Raith. Oct. 8 the regiment was ordered to St. Louis. Feb. 6, moved 
 to Fort Henry, arriving on the loth; i8th moved to Fort Donelson. March 
 4, moved to Bell's Landing, and I4th arrived at Savannah, Tenn. ; 22nd moved 
 to Pittsburg Landing. The strength of the regiment was then 6io men. The 
 regiment was in the two days' bloody battle of Shiloh, losing in killed and 
 wounded 200. Was engaged during the siege of Corinth. In the spring of 
 1863, 200 men of the regiment were mounted, by order of Brig.-Gen. Mason 
 Brayman, commanding post, and did excellent service capturing guerrillas. At 
 Jenkin's Ferry, the army of Kirby Smith having come up, they were attacked 
 with great fury. The 43d, and a section of Vaughn's Battery, being rear guard, 
 were first attacked; loss in this battle, 700; but that of the enemy over 2,000. 
 About 4,000 men engaged the enemy's force, which amounted to 20,000 men. 
 May 3, arrived at Little Rock, Ark., where the regiment was mustered out 
 Nov. 30, 1865., .^, 
 
266 
 
 HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY 
 
 - The 43d Regiment had 83 men from Knox county; i was killed, 3 were 
 wounded, and 14 died. 
 
 Surgeon 
 
 'f . 
 
 Starkloflf, Hugh M., Galesburg, e. Sept. i, i86i, term ex. Dec. i6, 1864. 
 
 ; ; , ^ - COMPANY C '0 ' 
 
 ' ".'..'/' .-:.';''; Captains ;,'-'j; 
 
 Edva^l, aioff S., Galesburg, e. Sept. i, i86i, died May 7, 1862. 
 Arosenius, Carl, Galesburg, Trans, to Co. A, con., m. o. Nov. 30, 1865. 
 
 First Lieutenants 
 Andberg, John P., Galesburg, trans, to Co. A., con., term ex. 
 
 Second Lieutenants , . 
 
 McCool, Nels P., Galesburg, e. Sept. i, i86i, died. 
 Knutson, Nels, Galesburg, e. Sept. i, i86i, trans, to Co. A., con., term ex. 
 
 ; . First Sergeant 
 Holt, Magnus M., Galesburg, e. Sept. i, i86i, disch. June 14, 1862, wd. 
 
 ' " Sergeants ': :v_{;' 
 
 Nelson, Nels, Galesburg, e. Sept. i, i86i, ' 
 Anderson, Nels, Galesburg, Sept. i, i86i, disch. May 22, 1862, dis. 
 
 Corporals 
 
 Anderson, Gustaf A., Galesburg, e. Sept. i, i86i, vet., trans, to Co. A., con., 
 m. o. Nov. 30, 1865. 
 
 Cling, Charles, Galesburg, e. Sept. i, i86i, vet., trans, to Co. A., con., m. o. 
 
 Nov. 30, 1865. ... :;^ i :;;.: 
 
 Hallfast, OloflF A., Galesburg, e. Sept. i, i86i, vet., trans, to Co. A., con., 
 m. o. Nov. 30, 1865. 
 
 Bentzson, Peter, Galesburg, e. Sept. i, i86i, vet., trans, to Co. A., con., m. 
 O. Nov. 30, 1865. . . 
 
 Larson, Adolph, Galesburg, e. Sept. i, i86i, disch. Sept. 4, 1862, dis." . 
 
 Paulson, John, Galesburg, e. Sept. i, i86i, m. o. Sept. 26, 1864. 
 
 '\-- . :;-;;.,. "'' .. .^. ,;\'' Privates .n':'"^-./ -.;.; '':;:'/ 
 
 Anderson, Andrew J., Wataga, e. Sept. i, i86i, vet., trans, to Co. A., con., m. 
 
 o. Nov. 30. 1865. 
 
 Anderson, Lewis J., Galesburg, e. Sept. i, i86i, died at St. Louis, June 
 
 14, 1862. 
 
 Anderson, William, Wataga, e. Sept. i, i86i, died at Hebron, Miss., Aug. 
 
 15. 1863. 
 
 . Botelson, Nels, Galesburg, e. Sept. i, 1861, disch. Oct. ii, 1862, wd. . 
 Benning, Henry, Galesburg, e. Sept. i, i86i, disch. July 8, 1862, dis. 
 Erickson, John A., Galesburg, e. Sept. i, i86i, disch. April 29, 1862, dis. - 
 
HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY ^ ^ / ;. 267 
 
 Engstrom, Andrew, Wataga, . Sept. i, i86i, musician, vet., trans, to Co. A., 
 con., m. o. Nov. 30, 1865. 
 
 Dudley, David A., Galesburg, e. Sept. i, i86i, wagoner, m. o. Sept. i6, 1864. 
 
 Harpman, William, Victoria, e. Sept. i, i86i, disch. Aug. 14, 1862, Dis. 
 
 Johnson, Chas., Galesburg, e. Sept. i, i86i, disch. Sept. 9, 1862, dis. 
 
 Johnson, Jno., Wataga, e. Sept. i, i86i, died at Helena, Ark., Aug. 21, 1863. 
 
 Johnson, Charles P., Ontario, e. Sept. i, i86i, m. o. Sept 26, 1864. 
 
 Lundquist, John, Victoria, e. Sept. i, i86i, died at St. Louis, Feb. 4, 1862. 
 
 Malmberg, Swen P., Galesburg, e. Sept. i, i86i, vet., trans, to Co. A., con., 
 disch. Sept. 2, 1865, dis. 
 
 Nelson, Swen A., Galesburg, e. Sept. i, i86i, died at Jackson, Tenn., Sept. 
 30, 1862. 
 
 Nelson, Weste, Galesburg, e. Sept. i, i86i, died at Little Rock, Dec. i6, i86 . 
 
 Nelson, Louis, Galesburg, e. Sept. i, i86i, vet., trans, to Co. A., con., m. o. 
 Nov. 30, 1865. 
 
 Olson, Swen, Knoxville, e. Sept. i, i86i, disch. June 21, 1862, wd. 
 
 Olson, Peter, Galesburg, e. Sept. i, i86i, m. o. Sept. 26, 1864. 
 
 Olson, Nels, Galesburg, e. Sept. i, i86i, died at Savannah, Tenn., April 
 lO, 1862. 
 
 Olson, William, Wataga, e Sept. i, i86i, vet., trans, to Co. A., con., m. o. 
 Nov. 30, 1865, as corpl. 
 
 Olson, Swen T., Galesburg, e. Sept. i, i86i, vet., trans, to Co. A., con., m. 
 o. Nov. 30, 1865. 
 
 Peterson, Nels C, Knoxville, e. Sept. i, i86i, vet., trans, to Co. A., con., 
 died at Knoxville Jan. 24, 1865. 
 
 Peterson, John, Galesburg, e. Sept. i, i86i, vet., trans, to Co. A., con,, m. o. 
 Nov. 30, 1865, as corpl. . . :; 
 
 Peterson, John, Galesburg, e. Sept. i, i86i. 
 
 Peterson, Olof, Galesburg, e. Sept. i, i86i, disch. Nov. 8, 1862, dis. 
 
 Peterson, Nels N., Galesburg, e. Sept. i, i86i, trans, to inv. corps, Nov. 
 15, 1863. 
 
 Peterson, Swen M., Galesburg, e. Sept. i, i86i, vet., trans, to Co. A., m. 
 o. July 31, 1865. ...-,.: 
 
 Peterson, Swen, Galesburg, e. Sept. i, i86i. 
 
 Sandberg, Andrew, Galesburg, e. Sept. i, i86i, m. o. Sept. 26, 1864. 
 
 Swenson, Swen E., Galesburg, e. Sept. i, i86i. "' I'.! / 
 
 Swenson, Swen, Galesburg, e. Sept. i, i86i, vet., died at Little Rock, Sept. 
 15, 1864. 
 
 Swenson, Begt., Galesburg, e. Sept. i, i86i, disch. Sept. 6, 1862, dis. 
 
 Recruits 
 
 Anderson, James, Galesburg, e. Feb. ii, 1864, trans, to Co. A., con., m. o. 
 Nov. 30, 1865. 
 
 Esping, Exel, Galesburg, e. Feb. 29, 1864, trans, to Co. A., con., m. o. Nov. 
 30, 1865. 
 
 Holt, Magnus L., Galesburg, e. Feb. 29, 1864, pro. to ii3th U. S. C. T. 
 
 Huttburg, Samuel P., Galesburg, e. Feb. 29, i86i, trans, to Co. A., con., m. 
 o. Nov. 30, 1865. , \ - 
 
268 
 
 HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY 
 
 Hockomb, Magnus, Galesburg, e. March ii, 1864, trans, to Co. A., con., m. 
 o. May 25, 1865. 
 
 Johnson, William, Galesburg, e. Jan. 15, 1864, trans, to Co. A., con., died at 
 Mound City, Oct. 25, 1864. 
 
 Jacobson, John, Galesburg, e. March ii, 1864, trans, to Co. A., con., m. o. 
 Nov. 30, 1865. 
 
 Johnson, Charles, Galesburg, e. March i, 1864, trans, to Co. A., con., m. o. 
 Nov. 30, 1865. 
 
 Johnson, John, Galesburg, e. March 21, 1864, trans, to Co. A., con., m. o. 
 Nov. 30, 1865. 
 
 Larson, John, Lynn, e. March 25, 1864, trans, to Co. A., con., m. o. Nov. 
 30, 1865. 
 
 Mengerson, Samuel A., Galesburg, e. March 27, 1864, trans, to Co. A., con., 
 m. o. Nov. 30, 1865. -: , x ; K X'-" 
 
 Peterson, Swen, Galesburg, e. Nov. 25, 1863, trans, to Co. A., con., m. o. 
 Nov. 30, 1865. 
 
 Samuelson, Charles A., Galesburg, e. March ii, 1864, trans, to Co. A., con., 
 
 m. o. Nov. 30, 1865. ..; '.'-""'^:'"'> '..-;''''''':'.;'' . :-r:,-l:V--vV..v. 
 
 William, Gustaf, Galesburg, e. Feb. 29, 1864, trans, to Co. A., con., died at 
 Little Rock, Oct. i6, 1864. 
 
 ; ' ' . '' COMPANY E 'v '' ^'i-;..--/-/;;:.;. ,';-:; 
 
 Kaser, Johann, Galesburg, e. Sept. i, i86i, kid. at Shiloh, April 6, 1862. 
 
 ; COMPANY c (Consolidated 
 
 /'"-''-'' Recruits- 
 
 Anderson, C. F., Sparta, e. Feb. i, 1865, m. o. Nov. 30, 1865. ' 
 ;l . Anderson, Charles, Lynn, e. March lo, 1865, m. o. Nov. 30, 1865. ;. ; 
 
 V Johnson, John F., Lynn, e. March lo, 1865, died at Little Rock, Oct. 22, 1865. 
 . V Lunstrum, Gustave F., Lynn, e. March 24, 1865, m. o. Nov. 30, 1865. 
 Ryddall, Swen, Lynn, e. March 24, 1865, m. o. Nov. 30, 1865. 
 Strum, E., Lynn, e. March lo, 1865, m. o. Nov. 30, 1865. 
 - , Swanson, L., Lynn, e. March ID, 1865, m. o. Nov. 30, 1865. 
 
 -. Johnson, Samuel, Lynn, e. March lo, 1865, m. o. June i6, 1865. 
 ' :'\ Johnson, C., Lynn, March lo, 1865, m. o. June ii, 1865. 
 
 ' , '' - ".' . 't 
 
 ';..-''.:.j:\r''- .;.. ,' ' ' V-.-'' COMPANY K .:-.'::'':;.';': '^:^v ';,.: ^ 
 
 '.- ''-' '. - ::: .Sergeant \' 'v--.V';-';V--- ;;';',;'',' 
 
 Harris, J. M., Abingdon, e. March 29, 1865, m. o. Aug. 25, 1865. 
 
 ' ' Corporals -. ^ 
 
 .' ' 
 
 Walls, James E., Abingdon, e. March 29, 1865, m. o. Nov. 30, 1865, as sergt. 
 Calhoun, John T., Abingdon, e. March 29, 1865, m. o. Nov. 30, 1865. ,; 
 Hamilton, Robert M., Abingdon, e. March 29, 1865, m. o. Nov. 30, 1865. . 
 
 Fleming, Sylvester, Abingdon, e. March 29, 1865, m. o. Nov. 30, 1865. . . ;: 
 ; ; Spence, W. F., Abingdon, e. March 29, 1865, m. o. Nov. 30, 1865. 
 
:.^.,., -::-..,. HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTRY ::C ':;:.,.: 269 
 
 l^'i'^xf >.'-'.- Privates .^ .'^'^-v- 
 
 Henry, Anthony, Abingdon, e. March 29, 1865, m. o. Nov. 30, 1865. 
 Ogle, Thomas N., Abingdon, e. March 29, 1865, m. o. Nov. 30, 1865. 
 Shoemaker, Solomon S., Abingdon, e. March 29, 1865, m. o. Nov. 30, 1865. 
 Murbary, Charles, Lynn, e. March 24, 1865. ,.'..' 
 
 ,'.'';: ^ :v-\:: 45TH INFANTRY ~ 
 
 ' The Washburne Lead Mine Regiment was organized at Chicago, Dec. 25, 
 l86i. Mustered into service as the 45th Infantry Jan. 15, 1862, moved to 
 Cairo, 111., Feb. 1 1 ; rnoved toward Fort Donelson, and during the succeeding 
 
 '*. days bore its part of the suffering and of the battle. The flag of the 45th was 
 the first planted on the enemy's works. Loss 2 killed, 26 wounded. The 45th 
 took a conspicuous and honorable part in the two days' battle of Shiloh, losing 
 26 killed, 199 wounded and missing nearly half the regiment. On the 5th, 
 marched to Bethel, 7th to Montezuma, and on 8th to Jackson, Tenn., the enemy 
 flying at its approach. Mustered out July 12, 1865, at Louisville, Ky., and arrived 
 at Chicago, July 15, 1865, for final payment and discharge. ;' 
 
 : The 45th Regiment contained 79 men from Knox county ; 5 were killed, 6 
 
 - wounded, 9 died, and i was taken prisoner. 
 
 '''''- ^-:';^ ...':. :-.''- i-'^-'-C/:'.^., COMPANY I .^i^v'V'-:: '.''.' :C ' ''^^ :;'-;.' -'^/'.';'v^'':! "'.'. 
 
 , . . Horton, James W., Victoria, e. Oct. 25, i86i, disch. Jan. 17, 1862. ,/;'---C 
 .-, . Riggs, C., Abingdon, e. March 29, 1865, m. o. July 7, 1865. . .' > -iv r!- 
 
 ::'".': >-;v...-..; :'.. :;'':'. .":':\k;-:' COMPANY K .: V.- ;v'^' ^ '--^ ^ Xi xV'-;..,/' r ';.'. 
 
 ^ '.;/^; Holcomb, Benjamin F., Galesburg, e. Dec. 24, i86i, term ex. Dec. 24, 1864. '-W^"^;; ^: \; 
 
 :;';-'' ':-'' ' ' ' '' ' First Lieutenants ';'','. I ';^V''';^-' ''''-'^' .':- 
 
 : v Gray, J., Wataga, e. Dec. 24, i86i, term ex. Dec. 24, 1864. '" ^ . . -. 
 
 ' ; Doles, Augustus W., Henderson, e. Dec. 25, 1864, vet., m. o. July 12, 1865. ":-; > V 
 
 '':-'.' ^': ; ^V ' -'"''V '' ' :.Vv:''.v:^,;^i'-' -'V 'v-v" " ''"^T. '."';>;: ,'/'-''/:' 
 
 ' ;' Second Lieutenants ; V^:'.'; ''^?^:^^^ ' . ' ' 
 
 ; V Hunt, Luther B., Wataga, e. Dec. 24, i86i, res. June i, 1862. ->:.'';:.; 
 
 V Amett, Wm. H. H., Galesburg, e. July 9, 1865, m. o. July 12, 1865, vet. ";vi;'./;' ^ \: 
 
 v.v. '.';';:':..;:;-; -_:v-/;\v'V:'V;'-;'- -..-.;. Sergeants _ ,.; ^ ','.;' ^/';;-^;''r. ''..; .^';",.. 
 
 ;:.;;.:=' Fraser, R., Wataga, e. Sept. i6, i86i, m. o. Dec. 23. 1864. V: ^i>-''.^- .^""^ : 
 
 I.'.' .;'- Huxley, Edward R., Henderson, e. Oct. 15, i86i, disch. June i, 1862, wd. :;;..:/ .^'/V .;;';;^;: 
 ;;';> Ricker, Horace M., Wataga, e. Sept. i, i86i, m. o. Dec. 23, 1864. ; V''^^ ^ ' 
 
 -'';;'.J.',0'-S:'''-'-'': '>^.'V^'^V^!':. :'';'-'''; ^.- ''-' ;^, '^:''--V' ' ' ' ': ^-.^/I -''^'-.'^'V:'-' 'V-'-' 
 
 'i:'-'-':''.:':-'-l', J.;-^'-'-:- ': \ ''/'/': Corporals -^-r^--- \-. ;. ."'C;^?.|-.,;.. .^^.- .,.' : 
 
 - '' . Sines, Isaac, Wataga, e. Sept. i6, i86i, sergt., kid. at Vicksburg, June 26, 1863. ^^ - .^ .; 
 '.. " Gordon, John, Wataga, e. Sept. 23, i86i, died at Savannah, April 24, 1862, Vf- . ,. 
 
 ;;;; wounds. " -,, "'/ -:' ,"- 
 
 ,: Vj ;; Thrope, Ambrose A., Wataga, e. Oct. 23, i86i, disch. Dec. 12, 1863. -V;; .;?::.-' 
 
270 : HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY - ; ]::.v:;> 
 
 Colling\\'ood, Jonathan, Wataga, e. Sept. 23, i86i, m. o. Dec. 23, 1864, 
 Smith, Sidney M., Wataga, e. Sept. 30, i86i, m. o. Dec. 23, 1864. 
 Baker, Benjamin F., Wataga, e. Sept. i8, i86i, died at Paducah, Ky., Feb. 
 27, 1862. 
 
 Greer, George W., Wataga, e. Sept. 23, i86i, kid. at Shiloh, April 6, 1862. ' 
 
 - . '' ..; ' ; , ;.^:/ Musicians '.-': V^'-' >:''' "'V '.'/:;/ -V'"'- 
 
 Denison, Charles M., Wataga, e. Sept. i6, i86i, died at St. Louis, Mo., 
 15,1862. . ... 
 
 Logan, Cyrus C., Altona, e. Sept. 25, i86i, disch. April 28, 1862, dis. :. r: - 
 
 ' . ; Privates ,:\ Vv-'.^. |< -^ " ' 
 
 .: Buckman, Peter, Wataga, e. Sept. 17, i86i, kid. at Shiloh, April 6, 1862. ' . 
 ; Bilton, John, Wataga, e. Oct. lo, i86i, disch. Sept. 26, 1862, dis. .,' 
 
 Bunker, Dwight, Henderson, e. Oct. lo, i86i, disch. Oct. 19, 1862, wounds. 
 ;- Cole, Stephen D., Galesburg, e. Nov. 4, i86i, disch. April 30, 1862, wounds. 
 
 Comstock, John, Henderson, e. Oct. 5, i86i, m. o. Dec. 24, 1864. v?''.'; 
 . Conley, Lindsey G.. Wataga, e. Sept. i6, i86i, disch. May 15, 1862. 
 
 Doles, Albert O.. Henderson, e. Oct. 2, i86i, died at Quincy, April 21, 1862. 
 Delain, Olof, Wataga, e. Sept. 17, i86i. 
 
 Denton, Henman F., Wataga, e. Sept. 24, i86i, disch. July 23, 1862, dis. ; 
 7 Eastman, Alfred A., Wataga, e. Oct. 22, i86i, disch. June 22, 1862, dis. : 
 .' Eastman, Edward H.. Wataga, e. Oct. 22, i86i, disch. June 22, 1862, dis. 
 Fulford, Charles W., Wataga, e. Nov. ii. i86i, vet., trans, to U. S. Navy. 
 Gilbert, Delos, Wataga, e. Sept. i6, i86i, died at Shiloh April i8, 1862. - 
 Henderson. William S., Knoxville, e. Sept. 24, i86i, vet., m. o. July 12, 1865. 
 
 - Halstan, Samuel, Henderson, e. Oct. 8, i86i, disch. July 23, 1862, dis. 
 
 Hawks, Richard, Henderson, e. Oct. lo, 1861, vet., m. o. July 12, 1865. 
 
 .', Lewis, Quintus C., Wataga, e. Sept. 23, i86i, died at Vicksburg, Oct. 30, 1863. 
 
 Laird, Allen, Wataga, e. Sept. 23, i86i, vet., m. o. July 12, 1865, as corpl. 
 
 McClure, Hugh, Wataga, e. Sept. i6, i86i, m. o. Dec. 23, 1864. .j ' 
 
 McCleery, Solomon, Wataga, e. Sept. i8, i86i, disch. July 23, 1862, dis. ., 
 
 Matterson, George H., Knoxville, e. Oct. 2, i86i, m. o. Dec. 23, 1864. 
 
 Nash, Joseph, Wataga, e. Sept. i6, i86i. 
 
 Kendall, Joshua, Henderson, e. Nov. ii, i86i, vet., trans, to U. S. Navy. . 
 -' O'Brien, Henry, Wataga, e. Sept. i6, i86i. i . ; ; 
 
 . Ohlson, Nels, Wataga, e. Sept. 17, i86i, disch. June 24, 1862. 
 : ; Piper, Benjamin, Wataga, e. Oct. 2, 1862, vet., m. o. July 12, 1865, as corpl. 
 . Paddock, Daniel, Wataga, e. Dec. 3, i86i, disch. Oct. i, 1863, dis. ; 
 
 Ricker, W., Wataga, e. Sept. 23, i86i, disch. Aug. 2, 1862. 
 
 Rowe, Anson, Jr., Wataga, e. Sept. i8, i86i, died at Paducah, Ky., March 
 6, 1862. 
 
 Ramsey, Alfred B., Knoxville, e. Sept. 23, i86i, vet, died at Andersonville 
 prison, grave No. 1765. '-''v^ .'.''>- U v 
 
 . Shumate, Joshua B., Henderson, e. Sept. 30, i86i, vet., m. o. July 12, 1865. 
 
 Soner, George W., Henderson, e. Oct. 8, i86i, vet., m. o. July 12, 1865, 
 as sergt. 
 
;- HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY :; 1 .: ' :. 
 
 :V Sweet, Henry F., Wataga, e. Sept. 23, i86i, died Aug. 22, 1863. ;>>-:^ v :-"X ^^r' ^ 
 V Smith, J., Wataga, e. Sept. i6, i86i, m. o. Dec. 23, 1864. '"-: : -^^ :' . 
 
 ' Thomas, Hiram, Wataga, e. Sept. i8, i86i, vet., m. o. July 12, 1865. ' ;. , i ' ; 
 
 Thorp, Orville R., Wataga, e. Sept. 28, i86i, vet., m. o. July 12, 1865, as corpl. ''.; : 
 
 Taylor, William C., Jr., Wataga, e. Oct. 20, i86i, vet., pro. to ist. lieut. '...--.- 
 and Q. M. ^;'!-'- 
 
 Tebbetts, William H., Wataga, e. Oct. 22, i86i, kid. at Shiloh, April 6, 1862. ;;., - 
 <: Taylor, Nathan S., Wataga, e. Sept. i6, i86i, disch. Dec. 24, i86i, dis. ;: -i. 
 -,' Wandless, Joseph. Wataga, e. Sept. i6, i86i, disch. Sept. 4, 1862, wd.^- .--:.; 
 
 Wentworth, Milton, Wataga, e. Oct. i8, i86i, disch. Dec. 5, 1862, dis. 'I 
 
 Williams, Joseph S., Wataga, e. Sept. i6, i86i. : ' 
 
 ': Wilks, T., Wataga, e. Sept. i6, i86i, m. o. Dec. 23, 1864. " l^:' X '" X 
 
 : Wild, J., Wataga, e. Oct. 13, i86i, died at Cairo, Feb. 27, 1862. ^ ^^ X> 
 
 ;>- Yancy, Walter C., Wataga, e. Sept. 23, i86i, killed at Shiloh, April 6, i862.V, v*' 
 ' Yancy, J., Wataga, e. Dec. i6, i86i, disch. July 20, 1862, dis. ,.. , /; . - 
 
 /;.;,:, v'rX' 'X. :.:;'' ^'V' ''.' ;,vX '';'. :^'.X Rfcruits ..v':V'c ;';;''.'. _ '- . ' ' ' : -Vv ' ''- V' ' .X XXX- ' -' ' 
 Collins, W., Wataga, e. Feb. i, 1862, disch. Aug. i8, 1862, wd. - X X-Xl. XX -. 
 Clapp, H. H., Galesburg, e. Mar. 27, 1864, m. o. July 12, 1865. " X; "X 
 
 Doles, G. M., Henderson, e. Feb. 9, 1865, m. o. July 12, 1865. -T X - ; ' " 
 
 Morse, Augustus, Henderson, e. Feb. 7, 1864, m. o. July 12, 1865. X' .V^ ; 
 
 : Morse, G. N., Henderson, e. Feb. 9, 1865, m. o. July 12, 1865. .;-;:;.. X;;.'X' 
 Merrick, Stephen F., Henderson, e. Feb. 9, 1865, m. o. July 12, i865.X/'X^X ' ' ^' 
 . Osborn, Stephen S., Henderson, e. Feb. 7, 1864, m. o. July 12, 1865. >: X 'X " ' 
 Rouse, Benj. F., Oneida, e. June 23, 1862, m. o. June 3, 1865, corpLi XX - : X : 
 X Roberts, George B., Henderson, e. Feb. 7, 1864, m. o. July 12, 1865. iX:X;X" ^ XX 
 
 Shumate, W. H., Henderson, e. Feb. 9, 1865, m. o. July 12, 1865. ;. : X^XX ; 
 _.-, Fisk, T., Henderson, e. Feb. 7, 1864, m. o. July 12, 1865. X 'X X X / X : ^ 
 
 ':- Thorp, C. O., Wataga, e. Feb. 25, 1864, m. o. July 12, 1865. jXi^ X'/X^X /-X ^ 
 X Tye, T., -Henderson, e. Feb. 9, 1865, m. o. July 12, 1865. X- X'^X - -"X XX v - 
 
 V,X;--V = V' v' -^^- v:' 'X-'XX'v / X-X:X:;! 47TH INFANTRY ' \';-'^-'X\ '''.. '; ;-X-':-'X--''X-';' '';!' ---X'' .' 
 ':.;'..- ' ' ^^ ^X" COMPANY A - -..'v.-!'; ^;,^, \ ^ -' '';'---Xc "''':. "^--'.^XX 
 
 ; , Nims, Herbert, Altona, e. Aug. i6, i86i. '' :X:,XXXXX 
 
 - Nims, O. L., Altona, e. Aug. i6, i86i, m. o, Oct. ii, 1864. X X V-'X X';'; ; f'T ^^ X/X 
 
 '':''.,-.=: ':--^.-'y.'.y --'.' COMPANY C 'X-' :.'".. ^.V. "," ^V ' ' X -' 'X X'' 'X^! -"^'''X'. 'V "' 
 
 ^:-''' '"' --X^":-' ^ Captain ; ; ;' - .-X"";^' -^-.X'-XX'^-^. .-':''- 
 
 Hoptanstall, A. C., Galesburg, m. o. Jan. 21, 1866. X . ' X /.XX;:X ; 
 
 ', ''''.. ,-_*.'.'"*''.--*-,'..- 
 
 X':--'-' '-^ '-:': .- ^.'; X'-'-'-'^'rv-V:' .V Corporal -I:'"'-.:'' :-XX'. ': ;' :-:-"/'."^X' X''vX-/ X -X 
 Aaron, Wilmore B., Yates City, e. Aug. i8, i86i, disch. May i8, 1862, dis. X . 
 
 ';'..; Adams, J. M., Elba, e. Aug. i8, i86i, disch. Apr. 28, 1863, dis. ' -''/'-. 
 
 .'./'-. Faith, W. J., Yates City, e. Aug. i8, i86i, vet., corpl, trans. Co. B, con. rf- ; X 
 ; .X; X' Green, J., Yates City, e. Aug. i8, i86i, m. o. Oct. ii, 1864. ^ . V XX ^^'' ' " 
 
 -'i^O-''-V '''' '^~ ' -; '^:?, '''-XV ';-.-'".'- '''v'-' .'>.' V; ' ^'^ ' -^: ' 
 '.. .-- ''.'^^ (''V :<:'' ;..;?'' '.'i<-*' /'-- ' " '' \-':''-r,'"'^^--f:-- '?;':'.,; 
 
272 
 
 HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY 
 
 Holcomb, Samuel R., Maquon, e. Aug. i8, i86i, disch. March 27, 1863, dis. 
 , ; Kinsler, John W., Maquon, e. Aug. i8, i86i, m. o. Aug. i8, 1864. j 
 . Null, Samuel, Yates City, e. Aug. i8, i86i, disch. Nov. 20, 1862, dis. ' 
 
 ; ^-^:". :v:;;'^::.-. - j ... '' \.,}'- COMPANY E ':. ^:: :':-' ''I :';':' '.'''':''' -''''''v 
 
 ; ' - Sergeants , \'. :" -i^^-v'' ;v';-\vO 
 
 O'Connor, Edward, Elba, e. Feb. 15, 1865, died at Selma, Ala., Oct. 24, 1865. 
 y Walch, Richard, Elba, e. Feb. i6, 1865, died at Selma, Ala., Oct. 12, 1865. v;, ' 
 Haley, James, Indian Pt, e. Feb. 28, 1865. 
 
 ;, /- Corporals. =: "^ /';'''"'?' v^^ ^ - 
 
 y - O'Connor, Dennis, Sparta, e. Feb. 21, 1865, m. o. Jan. 21, 1866, as sergt. 
 Fahey, James, Victoria, e. Feb. 20, 1865, m. o. Jan. 21, 1866, as sergt. 
 Daniels, P., Indian Pt., e. Feb. 21, 1865, m. o. Jan. 21, 1866. 
 
 ' . .- Privates. ' -''' > ';.:.;:,:'-' 
 
 . : ' - ':'.-'- .:*' . ' ' '" ' ..' ' 
 
 . Burk, Thomas, Yates City, e. Aug. i6, i86i. "; . 
 
 O'Rouke, Michael, Victoria, e. Feb. i6, i86i. V- ., ',..,' 
 
 - v' Byrne, J., Victoria, e. Feb. i6, 1865, m. o. Jan. 21, 1866. '... : ' '^ 
 . Brady, M., Elba, e. Feb. i6, 1865, m. o. Jan. 21, 1866. ^ ' .. 
 
 Bulger, J., Indian Pt., e. Feb. i6, 1865, m. o. Jan. 21, 1866. - .'. 
 
 Dunnigan, John, Indian Pt., e. Feb. 28, 1865. .: ' 
 
 . Dermont, B., Indian Pt., e. Feb. 21, 1865, m. o. Jan. 21, 1866. 
 
 Fisher, Francis, Elba, e. Feb. 17, 1865, m. o. Jan. 21, 1866, as corpl 
 . Hanley, James, Indian Pt., e. Jan. 27, 1865. M;: ::';;; ^' -"''./. 
 
 Hennessey, W., Victoria, e. Feb. 6, 1865, m. o. Jan. 21, 1866. 
 
 Kelch, A., Indian Pt., e. Feb. 20, 1865, m. o. Jan. 21, 1866. ;. ' ; 
 
 Keely, E. Victoria, e. Feb. i6, 1865, m. o. Jan. 21, 1866. .. ' 
 
 O'Driscoll, L., Victoria, e. Feb. i6, 1865, m. o. Jan. 21, 1866. \ . ; ..' . 
 ; ^. Ryan, Martin, Indian Pt., e. Feb. 28, 1865. ^> ; ::'ivv'\ : /v , - 
 
 Redmond, J., Sparta, e. Feb. 21, 1865, m. o. Jan. 21, 1866. ' }. - V 
 ; Scott, W., Indian Pt., e. Feb. 28, 1865, m. o. Jan. 21, 1866. ' / ; 
 
 Wade, J., Victoria, e. Feb. i6, 1865, m. o. Jan. 21, 1866. / . \ 
 
 .-' V.'' ';''^'':-.. :. ' SOTH INFANTRY v:"V\':;:-.;;;:-,::-'.\.t'.^ y'^ 
 
 . '...'.>;;>.;', ' - ; : ... COMPANY G ;^ ; V v'.. ''-I .;: l-'-'V'.V 'V 
 
 Corporals. 
 
 Babbitt, Israel, St. Augustine, e. Sept. 24, i86i, died at Paducah, Ky., April 3, 
 1862. 
 
 Rankins, John W., St. Augustine, e. Sept. 21, i86i, m. o. Sept. 27, 1864. v i 
 Callison, Woods B., St. Augustine, e. Sept. 24. i86i, m. o. Sept. 27, 1864, as 
 
 sergt. :^,..: ........... ..^ . ..:..-.;. ::^-.-..:..v....^ -.../-i:-,.;;. .. 
 
 Privates. . 
 
 Bowman, Jacob, St. Augustine, e. Sept. 24, i86i, disch. July 31, 1862, dis. 
 Babbitt, James, Jr., St. Augustine, e. Sept. 24, i86i, m. o. Sept. 27, 1864, corpl. 
 Babbitt, James J., St. Augustine, e. Sept. 24, i86i, disch. for dis., sergt. 
 
;'-: :V :^^'f^;::'^ HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY y\ 278 
 
 vv>.i \ Babbitt, John J., St. Augustine, e. Sept. 24, i86i, m. o. Sept. 27, 1864, corpl. -.-. ^ 
 
 <;.. \ .'. Babbitt, Hugh, St. Augustine, e. Oct. i6, i86i, disch. for dis. ' v - ' . 
 
 jV^'V'. V Hants, George W., St. Augustine, e. Sept. 24, i86i, m. o. Sept. 27, 1864.' ?v'^ 
 
 ' ; ', Hants, Daniel, St. Augustine, e. Oct. i6, i86i, disch. for dis., June 15, 1862. ;'; 
 
 . ; Rogers, Erastus, St. Augustine, e. Oct. 12, i86i, m. o. Oct. 19, 1864. - . 
 
 :...?'! Williams, Anson L., St. Augustine, e. Sept. 24, 186?; m. o. Sept. 27, 1864. .' -.V 
 
 ;.;:;;-: Walton, George, Abingdon, e. Sept. 24, i86i. /. ^ 
 
 i^ /"-;:;, -^v--:?' ''!': ^ ';:'';. ^ /"^'- ''V ''''I'"- ;/'.-;,' COMPANY I '?./';'.'>. 'ih^ ./: ; ', :.'::.-' ..''.^': ':': /^'' '"', 
 
 ..-.: Beetly, Edwin W., Knox Co., e. Sept. i6, i86i, vet., m. o. July 13, 1865. ; .; 
 Molden, Ananias, Knox Co., e. Sept. i6, i86i, vet., trans, to V. R. C. . . . -; 
 , ;' Flynn, Benjamin, Knoxville, e. March 9, 1864. , . ' ' 
 
 . Mitchell, Alexander, Knoxville, e. March 9, 1864. . . ,. ' /. '.i ' - .: 
 
 ':.;''. .^.'. -:,'.. ':;^'.' ;'./'; ,-/.'- "'!:.'.:--:-^'- SIST INFANTRY ->""\:-'- -: ''' V-/-'^'-' /-', ''',-'''':V' 
 
 -^'-'' ''./': .v;-./. ;| ''' \"-^ ';'."' '.''' COMPANY C _ '^f^r^}','':. ".-. _ ".''":'' \- '^' ^.'- ::'''. 
 
 ;. , / First Lieutenant / . ; ' : . 
 
 ;: Eads, Albert, Knoxville, e. Dec. 24, i86i, term ex. Jan. 17, 1865. -' >', '" 
 
 :":.' .''^- :-''-.,;:..;.., v"^. >-'"..'.';'.. 'V';- Second Lieutenant ',.^:'' -^ ' "' ^:''- ' ^ :.-;'''^ 
 ; Rambo, John D., Knoxville, e. Sept. 20, i86i, vet., m. o. Sept. 25, 1865. .: ', , 
 
 '.': ; / ;' : - Privates.' '-' - .: ^;: 
 
 ,...' Duncan, Rufus H., Knoxville, e. Sept. 20, i86i, pris., m. o. March 15, 1865. 
 .;: Flatt, Daniel, Knoxville, e. Sept. 20, i86i, vet., corpl., kid. at Kenesaw, June f 
 
 ^;^^ 27,1864. :^^:-'.-:- :;:-. .V-,- - .;:v. .;:'..... ^-^^ 
 
 Garrett, Benjamin, Knoxville, e. Sept. 20, i86i, disch. for dis. April 24, 
 >y 1862. - 
 
 :' " Heagy, Harry W., Knoxville, e. Nov. 6, i86i, vet., m. o. Sept 25, 1865, as f 
 
 '..X corpl. ", ;'-' '-;" '^^'.^-'^' ~ ' . ''' ' V. I - ;'^ '' ''^ "';? 
 
 : . Huggins, William H., Knoxville, e. Sept. 21, i86i, vet., kid. at New Hope >- 
 
 ,; Church, Ga., June 3, 1864. '^ ,;.,..;. -. , . ' 
 
 Jackson, Francis, Knoxville, e. Dec. 14, i86i. ' "" ' '' ' ' v: 
 
 : : Jackson, Henry, Knoxville, e. Sept. 27, i86i, died at Andersonville prison, v > 
 }/ June 29, 1864, grave 2658. -M;, v/ - /', 
 
 .; , Lobach, Joseph R., Knoxville, e. Oct. i8, i86i, vet, m. o. June 24, 1865, pris. :". 
 
 ^- of war. ; 
 
 ., McGowan, Curtis, Knoxville, e. Sept. 20, i86i, vet., m. o. Sept. 25, 1865. -'.'* 
 
 "!;:-'_ Morey, Daniel N., Knoxvilk, e. Sept 20, i86i.v'i:4 > :' v^.- 
 
 / ;.} Maxfield, Erastus D., Knoxville, e. Sept 20, i86i, died' at Louisville, Ky. ;A ' 
 ;/ ;-''^ Rezzer, Henry B., Knoxville, e. Sept 20, i86i. .., ^. ...,.. . . ' 
 
 ? :"- Woolsey, Henry C., Knoxville, e. Oct. 22, i86i. '::;'; ' : : '-. v-I ) 
 
 Garrett, Benjamin O., Knoxville, e. Feb. 29, 1864, died July i6, 1864, wounds. 
 Rambo, George, W., Knoxville, e. Feb. 22, 1864, died July 30, 1864, wounds. 
 
 ToLI U 
 
 
274 
 
 HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY 
 
 sergt. 
 
 ..v:C >.':,;'-. . . . -; COMPANY H ,A,;--;'-<;.v,;..<;->^^;-'-,:-. 
 
 : \ Privates. 
 
 : Burgland, Jonas, Victoria, e. Nov. 4, i86i, m. o. Feb. 28, 1865 
 
 From, Erick, Victoria, e. Dec. 29, i86i, vet., m. o. Sept. 25, 1865, as 
 
 Johnson, Jacob, Victoria, e. Feb. lo, 1862. 
 
 Johnson, James, Victoria, e. Dec. 29, i86i. > .^ '. 
 
 Lindy, William, Victoria, e. Feb. 9, 1862, capt. Sept. 19, 1863, died. 
 
 Linda, Lewis, Victoria, Dec. 18, i86i, m. o. Feb. 28, 1865. 
 
 Minard, Milton D., Victoria, e. Oct. 29, 1861. 
 
 : Moss, Sardus B., Victoria, e. Oct. 29, i86i. ; ...--'^ ^' .^'^ 
 
 : Martin, J., Victoria, e. Oct. 29, i86i, disch. July 14, 1862. 
 
 ' Mosher, Palmer, Victoria, e. Dec. 22, i86i. : > 
 
 ^ Minard, Adolphus P., Victoria, e. Jan. 25, 1862, m. o. Feb. 20, 1865. j 
 
 Riggens, Sylvester B., Victoria, e. Jan. 12, 1862. 
 
 Rosa, William, Victoria, e. Oct. 29, i86i, died at Big Springs, Miss., July 14, 
 1862. . vv .V : . V ' 
 
 Scott, William O., Truro, e. Dec. 13, i86i. ' , ;:^ . . ' 
 
 Sweeney, Edwin P., Victoria, e. Dec. 23, i86i. 
 . Tothill, Richard, Victoria, e. Dec. 29, i86i, m. o. Feb. 28, 1865. 
 
 Wolf, Leonard, Victoria, e. Dec. 25, i86i, disch. April 7, 1862., 
 
 ':'; ;./'.':;"... - COMPANY K ,' .^\'; :^-V '.:''-;' 
 
 ' Privates, 
 
 Cook, Archibald, Galesburg, e. Jan. i, 1862, died at Danville, Va., Dec. 28, 
 
 1863, pris.-- .'/ - '-' ^^.."'' :';-: ;;'.'> ' ' r'.^ "'-^'' .>^:''-'.-.-':.\'':'-^' '::' 
 
 Diles, Samuel, Galesburg, e. Jan. i, 1862, disch. Feb. 26, 1865. 
 
 ' Gowde, Julius H., Galesburg, e. Dec. ii, i86r, trans, to V. R. C. Feb. 7, 1864. 
 Lewis, Henry R., Galesburg, e. Dec. 21, i86i, disch. March i, 1862. 
 May, Harvey L., Galesburg, e. Dec. ii, i86i. . 
 
 Mirandy, Cyrus, Galesburg, e. Dec. 26, 1861, disch. April 19, 1862. | .- ' 
 Robinson, Thomas G., Galesburg, e. Jan. 20, 1862, died at Danville, Va., Jan. 
 
 21, 1864, pris. 
 
 White, Daniel, Galesburg, e. Dec. i8, l86i. - '-;.';.::: 
 
 Kendrick, L. A., Galesburg, e. Dec. 7, i86i, trans. 57th Inf. r / 
 Miles, David E., Galesburg, e. Dec. 7, i86i, trans. 57th Inf. 
 
 Pruitt, William D., Galesburg, e. Dec. 4, i86i, trans. 57th Inf. 
 Petty, William D., Galesburg, e. Dec. 14, 1864, trans. 57th Inf. 
 
 INFANTRY , ; ; : . 
 
 Was organized at Camp Douglas, and mustered into service Oct. 31, i86l. 
 Nov. 9 left Camp Douglas. Remained at Camp Benton until Jan. 12, 1862, when 
 it was ordered to Paducah, Ky. On the morning of March 15 marched out 
 with expedition from a point some 14 miles above Pittsburg Landing, for the 
 surprise and overthrow of Corinth. 
 
 The opening of the battle, Sunday morning, found the regiment in position 
 with an effective force of 873 men. Col. Stewart was wounded and 9 of the 
 line officers, 3 of whom died of wounds; 102 enlisted men were killed and 
 
, .^;-:A '^;^ ;-;;; ;;ia HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY . l^/\ 275 
 
 . ,; mortally wounded, and i6i wounded and taken prisoners. The regiment was 
 
 ^ '. : with the army in advance on Corinth, and at Russell's house. May 17, lost in 
 
 -' \ . skirmish 8 men 2 killed and 6 wounded. Entered Corinth May 30; thence 
 
 - 1 .-' with Gen. Sherman, westward along Memphis and Charleston R. R. The regi- 
 
 .;;';. ment re-embarked with army and was present and under fire at battle of 
 
 . ' ' Arkansas Post Jan. lo and ii, 1863, losing three men, wounded. Was at 
 
 ;.\ Vicksburg in 1863, participating in the fight. Participated in the siege of Jackson, 
 
 ' ; ;' Miss. On 3oth Oct., 1863, marched from East Point, on Tennessee river, for 
 
 :! '.< Chattanooga. During night of 23rd, with rest of brigade, manned a fleet of 
 
 . ;.; pontoon boats in North Chickamauga creek, and in the midst of rain and intense 
 
 .; r .; darkness, with muffled oars, descended and crossed the Tennessee river and 
 
 , ; ;'; captured the enemy's picket line. Nov. 25 marched with Sherman to the relief 
 
 '.:'/. of Knoxville, E. Tenn. June 27, 1864, participated in assault upon Kenesaw 
 
 . Mountain, Ga. July 22 the regiment was again engaged with an effective force 
 
 ; _ V of 239 men, and came out of the engagement with i8o men. Was in the siege 
 
 :' . ; of Atlanta; in battle of Jonesboro. In a short campaign of a little over two 
 
 :. .; months the regiment lost half its number. Marched with army, via Richmond, 
 
 /:- .- to Washington; participated in the grand review at Washington. During its 
 
 j. term of service the rigment marched 3,374 miles. !.'' 
 
 .. The 55th Regiment had 8i men from Knox county, of whom 3 were killed, 
 
 . ; . 2 wounded, 7 died, and i was taken prisoner. 
 
 ,-'--';./'.;/::'; ;^; '.:''. ;.^ /': COMPANY A 
 
 :':]',-.{'': : ^: T.' Captain 
 
 Ridenour, John B., Knox Co., e. Sept. i, i86i, res. June 15, 1865. 
 
 ' '- ..'"--' -" ' v::.^'^^:>;.^' " Corporal 
 
 Presson, Joseph H., Galesburg, e. Sept. 2, i86i, pro. q. m. sergt. 
 
 ' Privates. '" "" " .'- 
 
 Brown, John, e. Oct. 29, i86i, vet., trans, to non-com, staflf. 
 Hayden, A, R., e. Oct. 30, i86i, m. o. Oct. 31, 1864. 
 
 -';'/''.;<.:_-': /^:.. /. "'''.' -..','::;;;'''--".?';::, 'j;-. COMPANY D <;'':';. V'.;-;-.V:'_^ ' ^'\-\-']:l:-:-'.'-:-:l>\--^;-':-'-'^ -/''' 
 ;.:;;;: " ..... ..... '"' ' '' Musician :./;:'',-:\^-- ^' . , .;'':'; v^! ''''"''--'!.';':' 
 
 '. ' Parvin, F., Knoxville, e. Oct. 7, i86i, vet :\j;. '-1>> ' ' - ; ;^:V %^ ':y - 
 
 ;:./:;';:-;-.-.. .,,--:.'.;.,-:=: Recruit '.'. ^:. "^'^-x^ ''.'''V^^^^^;v':. '> ' ' 
 
 > Dunn, H., Truro, e. Jan. g, 1865, m. o. Aug. 14, 1865. [ V: V'K : ^.; V J^ 
 
 ;^''.\ '!'--';'^'.'^":/ >'';.;;'.;.'-'/"' ''t^;'-'.,;--''';;' '' COMPANY F .;':' -^ ' ' '. --,. ^''^V-'i '''' V. ..:'':.:'-'' 
 \:,"'::':':i~:'/:''''-^^'-'^::' '' /:"" ^ ^v^-'j v:^ .'' First LieutgHant :.:v\' >-.;?. ; := ' V;'-' ;. ?: ''^ ^"V;:---; -:J '.''j 
 - Presson, H., Henderson, e. Oct. 31, i86i, res. March 5, 1862. ^: ;V >- ' V . 
 
 v;. ..'^'' ' -- - '-. . - Privates, ?-"'.^'^' '::-';/,. ': '- . . ^ v;.,.'^-:;:\v-.',, '"'-; 'f-:, 
 
 V. .- .'v Reynolds, Joel, Abingdon, e. Oct. 8, i86i.' - - ' ^ : --y j i;^. ,;,....v 
 
 y / ;: Holmes, David N., Henderson, e. Oct. 7, i86i, vet., pro. ist Lieut C'^:'" ' f^; 
 
276 
 
 HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY 
 
 Keffer, Jacob W., Henderson, e. Oct. ii, i86i, vet., m. o. Aug. 14, i86i, as 
 sergt. ..- . : ^; ,..;,;,, -.-,., ';;-.;.. /^.,;-, :..:;-../'.. 
 
 COMPANY H ,'':. .V -:^-:. .;:/.. ' 
 
 Trout, Lewis, Galesburg, e. Nov. 8, i86i. . X ;:. . 
 
 ; ' '"'.-''' 1 ' 
 
 '- ;' _-;;;-^_' ' .. ^ . . /. COMPANY I ' ^ '' ; ":'..:;'/'-'' 
 
 .::-^^:^l :' .' ''^- Privates. '.'-';.''./..''': 
 
 Crocker, G. W., Knox Grove, e. Aug. 26, i86i, vet. died at Marietta, Ga., v? ' '::. 
 
 Sept. 30, 1864, wounds. -;;-. 
 
 Matlock, J. W., Henderson, e. Oct. i8, i86i, vet, m. o. Aug. 14, 1865. -' , ;' %?"?. -v 
 
 Rickman, M. B., Henderson, e. Oct. 17, 1861. . ;>. ; ?. . 
 
 .- 'U'.:.. !;;.;_ ' -; COMPANY K :' . \ '.'.'-, /J. .:--.;" 
 
 Captains ' , . 
 
 Black, J., Abingdon, e., Oct. 31, i86i, res. Feb. 9, 1863. 
 Kays, James VV., Abingdon, e. Oct. 22, i86i, m. o. Aug. 14, 1865. 
 
 . ,:;... First Lieutenants 
 
 Fillmore, John H., Abingdon, e. Oct. 22, i86i, m. o. Nov. 26, 1862. 
 Grounds, William, Abingdon, e. Oct. 23, i86i, vet., m. o. Aug. 14, 1865. 
 
 , ^s . ' ; Second Lieutenants ' . \; V ^- ^ I 
 
 . Gillett, Andrew J., Abingdon, e. Oct. 31, i86i, resigned April 7, 1862. 
 Lomax, William D., Abingdon, e. Oct. 22, i86i, hon. disch. Oct. 31, 1864. 
 
 ' -. ' ' First Sergeant ::v ' ^^ 
 
 Encell, Charles K., Abingdon, e. Oct. 22, i86i. - . ' '/ ,i 
 
 :"' i ''-. ^".. ' ' ' ' ' '. - .^. ^' :,,.-.-''/ 
 
 Sergeant .',';; 
 
 Massey, James M., Galesburg, e. Oct. 20, i86i. .; / 
 
 '.'' Corporals. ,'- _-.''' /,- - / 
 
 - Burnaugh, William H., Knoxville, e. Oct. 22, i86i, m. o. Oct. 31, 1864. 
 
 Morris, James M., Abingdon, e. Oct. 22, i86i. 
 
 Miller, Moletus, Abingdon, e. Oct. 22, i86i, vet., m. o. Aug. 14, 1865, as sergt. 
 
 Westfall, E. P., Henderson, e. Oct. 21, i86i. 
 ; Hawthorne, James, Abingdon, e. Oct. 22, i86i. ;; , ^ ' ^^ ' 
 
 Babbitt, Harry, St. Augustine, e. Oct. 23, i86i. S' ^^'v' ^ ' :^ 
 
 :'''''"' " '" ' ' Privates. ' - ' .'.';'".'.. .'X^'''- 
 
 Anderson, John, Henderson, e. Oct. 17, i86i. - '' ' 
 
 Bellwood, Milton, Abingdon, e. Oct. 22, i86i, killed at Vicksburg, May 22, 
 
 1863. ..-:.-:>..^'-:::.:- -.:>; 
 
 Bonham, B. A., Abingdon, e. Oct. 22, i86i. . /. : ^. 
 
 Bellwood, Lemuel, Abingdon, e. Oct. 22, 1861. 
 
 Baldwin, Martin, Abingdon, e. Oct. 22, i86i, trans, to invalid corps. 
 
;;^'>;-v^^^x''^'^v?'--"';3r: HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY /;/;}:';"' '277 :y;N^'- 
 
 i ; Bonham, A. M., Abingdon, e. Oct. 22, i86i, m. o. Oct. 31, 1864. 
 
 Chesney, William C., Abingdon, e. Oct. 22, i86i, vet., disch. for dis. July 31, 
 
 1865. :.. : 
 
 Curtice, Daniel, Abingdon, e. Oct. 22, i86i, disch. for dis. Nov. 7, i86l. 
 Cox, Robert M., St. Augustine, e. Oct. 22, i86i, vet., m. o. Aug. 14, 1865, as ' . 
 ' corpl. V :.;::'.:';- -^ ' ': "v"^: > ''-. :-'.""!' 
 
 Comes, Joseph P., St. Augustine, e. Oct. 22, i86i, vet., m. o. Aug. 14, 1865, as 
 corpl. , 
 
 , Addison F., Abingdon, e. Oct. 22, i86i, m. o. Oct. 31, 1864. .- 
 
 ^ 
 
 'Coy, George C., Abingdon, e. Oct. 22, i86i, vet., m. o. Aug. 14, 1865, as 
 , sergt. ,--- -^' ,;'.-:--: :- 
 
 - --',.-. -T ..;..'-.; 
 
 Coy, U. D., Abingdon, e. Oct. 22, i86i, disch. Nov. 4, i86i. - . 
 
 Davice, Moses S., Henderson, e. Oct. i8, i86i, trans, to invalid corps. 
 
 Deen, William H., Henderson, e. Oct. 20, i86i, trans, to V. R. C. May i, 1864. 
 
 Dickey, Henry, Abingdon, e. Oct. 22, i86i, m. o. Oct. 31, 1864. : :,:./; 
 
 Forey, Ostrando D., Abingdon, e. Oct. 22, i86i. 
 
 Goold, Jesse, St. Augustine, e. Oct. 22, i86i, died at Belle Isle, rebel prison. 
 
 Greene, John, Abingdon, e. Oct. 22, i86i, kid. while on picket Aug. 14, 1863. 
 
 Hall, William M., St. Augustine, e. Oct. 22, i86i. '.;;'. 
 
 Johnson, N. H., Galesburg, e. Oct. 20, i86i. ;;^ v.': :^^ >; w ^ ' ' 
 
 Kays, Henry, Abingdon, e. Oct. 22, i86i. 
 
 Latimer, Thomas P., Abingdon, e. Oct. 22, i86i, vet., m. o. Aug. 14, 1865, as 
 1st sergt. 
 
 Murray, Sidney S., Abingdon, e. Oct. 22, i86i, m. o. Oct. 31, 1864. ; '. 
 
 Mapes, Asbury, Abingdon, e. Oct. 22, i86i. 
 
 Marshall, James, Abingdon, e. Oct. 22, i86i, vet., m. o. Aug. 14, 1865, as sergt. 
 
 Mount, William, Abingdon, e. Oct. 22, i86i, vet., kid. near Atlanta, Ga., 
 Aug. 4, 1864. ^^/-..-- :-^-^-- ^=?'^:^^^ /-.-'';, -r ; v: 'r ^^.-;v. --:. 
 
 Maxson, Duane, Abingdon, e. Oct. 22, i86i. . 'i.^^ i' 
 
 Miller, Francis M., Abingdon, e. Oct. 22, i86i, died at St. Louis, Feb. 20, 
 1862. . 
 
 McKibben, L. C., Abingdon, e. Oct. 22, i86i, disch. for dis. Jan. 28, 1863. 
 
 Moneymaker, Wm. E., Galesburg, e. Oct. 20, i86i, vet., m. o. Aug. 14, 1865. 
 
 Moneymaker, J. K. P., Galesburg, e. Oct. 20, i86i, died at Youngs Pt., La., 
 Feb. 8, 1863. , 
 
 Meadows, H. W., Abingdon, e. Oct. 22, i86i, disch. Oct. 25, i86l. .;. C.': ':>; 
 
 Newkirk, A. W., Abingdon, e. Oct. 23, i86i. '^--:' -\ VvV o / 
 
 Nelson, William H., Soluda, e. Oct. 22, i86i. ^ ^ y-,^ ' ;. / '- V^ V 
 
 Pointer, James T., Abingdon, e. Oct. 22, i86i, vet., pro. ist sergt., died at 
 Duvall's Bluff, Ju4y 25, 1865. 
 
 Rose, Mason H., Abingdon, e. Oct. 22, i86i.'' '"- :,;.'.. ' 
 
 Rhodecker, G. W., e. Oct. 22, i86i, m. o. Nov. i, 1864. - ; ;-^ f. '" ^ 
 
 Reckner, Daniel, Abingdon, e. Oct. 23, i86i. "' 
 
 Raymond, T. L., Abingdon, e. Oct. 23. i86i. trans, to V. R. C. May i, i86l. 
 
 Rechey, S. H., Abingdon, e. Oct. 22, i86i, disch. for old age Nov. 3, i86i. 
 
 Spencer, William, Abingdon, e. Oct. 22, i86i, vet., m. o. Aug. 14, 1865, as 
 sergt., wd. . :-:,^- ' S'V'- :.v .-'' - 
 
 South, Elijah, St. Augustine, e. Oct. 22, i86i. . / ';' V ;^ '" 
 
278 HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY v-^;;-. 
 
 s ' ' .-.'' X. ', 
 
 .Spitzer, Andrew, Abingdon, e. Oct. 22, i86i, m. o. Oct. 31, 1864. - - 
 . J Shoop, Thomas T., Abingdon, e. Oct. 22, i86i, disch. for dis. Jan. 28, 1863. 
 
 Staggs, David M., Abingdon, e. Oct. 22, i86i. 
 
 Townsend, J. W., Abingdon, e. Oct. 22, i86i, died. -:%..;.'., 
 - Williford, William A., Abingdon, e. Oct. 22, i86i. ;'. . ' , 
 
 Recruits ;: ; 
 
 Crouch, Hiram, Sparta, e. Jan. 26, 1865, m. o. Aug. 14, 1865. 
 Campbell, Joseph H., Sparta, e. Jan. 26, 1865, m. o. Aug. 14, 1865. 
 Newkirk, Absalom W., Sparta, e. Jan. 26, 1865, m. o. Aug. 14, 1865. 
 Romesburg, David, Sparta, e. Jan. 26, 1865, m. o. Aug. 14, 1865. 
 Stiles, Edgar G., Sparta, e. Jan. 26, 1865, died at Jeffersonville, Ind. 
 
 '\V.' .. ., 57TH INFANTRY ' . . .'''^"^'''--:"'^-' 
 
 ' \>.:'-' ' -^ ' : COMPANY A '. v '^'; ;"%'.;' ''^ -' "-'^ 
 
 Dawdell, Thomas, Galesburg, e. Dec. 13, i86i, vet., m. o. July 7, 1865. 
 Ball, James, Galesburg, disch. July 20, 1862, wounds. . 
 
 ^\r*'' --'^ ._ . ' ' COMPANY D '. '/;:;;'/''':......'.-.,. 
 
 ';; -. Sergeant ' "' -^ . ; 
 
 Olson, Olof, Victoria, e. Nov. lo, i86i, term ex. 1864. > . 
 
 Privates v / - 
 
 Broberg, A., Gilson, e. Oct. ii, i86i, term ex. 1864. 
 Gamett, John, Galesburg, e. Oct. 8, i86i, vet., m. o. July 7, 1865. 
 Hanson, J., Wataga, e. Oct. 8, i86i, term ex. 1864. ' .y ,;;; 
 Norlund, Lars, Victoria, e. Dec. 20, i86i, disch. for dis. July 5, 1862. 
 Peterson, P. L., Victoria, e. Dec. 20, i86i, disch. for dis. May 29, 1862. 
 Rudeman, O., Victoria, e. Dec. 19, i86i, term ex. 1864. 
 Erickson, John, Truro, e. Feb. 15, 1864, m. o. July 7, 1865. : 
 
 Quinburg, Peter, Victoria, e. Feb. 8, 1864, m. o. July 7, 1865. 
 Johnson, Olof, Galesburg, e. Feb. 12, 1864, m. o. July 7, 1865. 
 Nordquist, Louis, Wataga, e. Dec. 25, i86i, term ex. 1864. 
 
 ''.."', ^ -- COMPANY E .'.''':::_.'''-."''. 
 
 .';,/'/,<' ' . Captain ;;/.'.<',% .v_ -.'/.,' 
 
 Passenger, Charles E., Galesburg, e. Nov. 27, i86i, vet., died. 
 
 -''"-"'' ' ' ' Privates ' ' '-: -I -';-''. '.-'.^.' '-';';.'' 
 
 Anderson, Andrew, Galesburg, e. Nov. 21, i86i. - - ' - .- 
 Bell, Anderson, Galesburg, e. Dec. 4, i86i, vet., m. o. July 7, 1865. 
 Davis, Frank W., Galesburg, e. Dec. 4, i86i, died at Pittsburg, Tenn., April 
 15, 1862. 
 
 Davis, Martin, Galesburg, e. Dec. 7, i86i, disch. April 29, 1862. 
 Davis, Dighton, Galesburg, e. Dec. 4, i86i, vet., m. o. July 7, 1865. 
 Hendricks, Loran A., Galesburg, e. Dec. 7, i86i, vet., m. o. July 7, 1865! , 
 
:j;V ':;{. HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY '^ . v; 279 ;^'-: 
 
 Smith, Thomas, Galesburg, e. Nov. 25, i86i. '-A- . ': ^v - .^ ;::;.. J.'-V -J^:'.- - 
 
 Watkins, John W., Galesburg, e. Dec. 4, i86i, vet. m. o. July 7, 1865..' -;;:.* .v;-;/ 
 Wait, Alva S., Galesburg, e. Feb. lo, 1864, m. o. July 7, 1865. .. . ' ' t 
 
 COMPANY H :.;->;: - .\ -' ".-.'^ ;;;:;',. .'/v.'- --'.': 
 
 ^:-^ '>.;,' ^ :':,:,.';/. -/^ j' "' '^^.' ' / V ' Scrgeont ^"'... > ; '.'^ ' ' ' ;:;.'; X';-^-'-' ':-;--'''' "^;-.'':-. 
 * Reed, H., Lynn, e. Sept. 29, i86i, m. o. Dec. 25, 1864. ; i-^' . ; ' ' ' 
 
 Corporals. ' . v; . ., 
 
 Cochran, Edward, Victoria, e. Oct. 5, i86i, kid. at Corinth, Miss., Oct. 4, - 
 1862. ^' 'V 
 
 McCabe, Henry, Lynn, e. Sept. 24, i86i, vet, died pris. of war. ' . . . 
 
 Privates ' "' ' ''^';~^'!'"-'' I/- "'-[' --'':'.^' 
 
 Annis, John, Victoria, e. Oct. 25, i86i, disch. for dis. Sept. 8, 1862. ' "; / " 
 
 Berknmeier, Christopher, Lynn, e. Oct. lO, i86i, vet., m. o. July 7, 1865. .:0 K 
 Bennett, Phineas, Lynn, e. Sept. 29, i86i. ' '-:^ './/.-- 
 
 ; Boswell, Riel, Victoria, e. Oct. 21, i86i, disch. for dis. April 29, 1862. . >^. ' :. /v. 
 Codding, Jasper C., Victoria, e. Sept. 29, i86i. . ; . ; 
 
 Cotteral, William H., Lynn, e. Oct. 15, i86i, disch. Feb. i, 1862, minor. "' '" ' ; 
 Coon, Charles, Victoria, e. Nov. 20, vet., sergt., kid. at Resaca, May 17, 1864. . ' 
 Dudley, Henry, Lynn, e. Oct. 2, i86i, disch. for dis. April 29, 1862. ^r ;.v.: -;.:.;-;-";. 
 Hanna, William, Elba, e. Oct. 15, i86i. '-C; ;--'"t-- r :. ; '> 
 
 Hurlburt, Horace, Victoria, e. Oct. 20, i86i, vet., m. o. July 7, 1865. 1- : .''v ::; ^ 
 Miller, C., Lynn, e. Sept. 26, i86i, died July ii, 1862. A^^ ^' ; V" : ; ]: 
 
 Rice, F. L., Victoria, e. Sept. 24, i86i, vet, m. o. July 7, 1865. A.; :v^ ; ; ^ f-:v ':-; ' 
 Spalding, John A., Victoria, e. Sept. 29, i86i, disch. for promotion. ;.- > ". 
 
 Garrety, Daniel, Walnut Grove, e. Oct. 15, i86i, kid. at Corinth, Oct. 3, 1862." j - . ,. , . 
 
 ;'.: _.-f /.''; ;,; , .: ''?.'.;,-'": 58TH INFANTRY --'^ 'Ji^'.:','- ; " :".'_'' ^''- '/'v?-^'-' . .;':-^- .- . 
 
 ;';.'.-'''.;.; -.-v. ;..-: ^'^ .v-;j.-s '/'..:...:.; COMPANY A '- .^''.':.: ' .; 'v!;-'^:';r:''.--' ':r-Vi.'.' ' 
 Barney, G. Eugene, Galesburg, e. Oct. 29, i86i, trans, as ist sergt. to Co. E. , 
 Stanley, James H., Galesburg, e. Nov. 21, i86i, vet, disch. for dis. April 23, 
 
 1862. ^ V. 
 
 '", ^ .';,;' ."''":'..' V-'-^''-'X-''-V- COMPANY G,:-''''^.:>-:^'-^;-:--- ' ' '' ,'^' ''';''.:'.-:>'''::;- .'?.' '.Vi.' 
 
 - ''':?. / ./^> ;'; *^ ::/'; Captain I' '-'..'.':'.- ' -- - -v,^.- :>U-^^:v'^;\-:v:- ;: '^; - 
 
 " ,- -.- . -; .- ,; -',,.. 
 
 Fuller, Loring P., Abingdon, e. Dec. 31, i86i, term ex. Feb. 7, 1865. '!.;-*': ^ : 
 
 ; '" Priz-ates ' '':'''-/-''':'.'':' 
 
 Bennett, William, Abingdon, e. Dec. 31, i86i, disch. for dis. Oct. 8, 1862. :>,:- .V / ' 
 Camp, Sterling T., Abingdon, e. Nov. 4, i86i, pro. musician. : : - -, ' 
 
 Camp, H. C., Abingdon, e. Nov. 4, i86i, m. o. Feb. 7, 1865. .-;,":-;'.' :^.l. ; 
 Cronnole, John P., Gilson, e. Dec. 30, i86i, died at Pittsburg Landing, April . 
 
 5, 1862. S ': : 
 
 Fogirty, John, St. Augustine, e. Nov. 26, i86i, disch. for dis. March 25, 1863. . 
 Garrard, H., St Augustine, e. Dec. 9, i86i, m. o. Feb. 7, 1865. ", 
 
280 ' HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY -i'-'r; 
 
 Gillett, W. J., Abingdon, e. Dec. 29, i86i, trans, to Co. I, died of wounds 
 received at Shiloh. 
 
 Gillett, F. M., Abingdon, e. Dec. 29, i86i, trans, to Co. I. 
 
 Grabill, J., Gilson, e. Dec. i8, i86i, m. o. Feb. 7, 1865. " . V 
 
 Grabill, A., Gilson, e. Dec. i6, i86i, m. o. Feb. 7, 1865. 
 
 Hull, Daniel W., Abingdon, e. Nov. 24, died of accidental wounds Feb. 14, 
 1862. 
 
 Hatfield, G., Abingdon, e. Nov. 12, i86i, trans, to Co. I, vet, m. o. April i, 
 1866. -./'.:;-:;.;:: ./^:^-^"^: '<G-.:V:<^' '.: -1 
 
 Henness, George A., Abingdon, e. Dec. 20, i86i, died at Evansville, Ind. 
 . Imil, Thomas, St. Augustine, e. Nov. 17, i86i, disch. for dis. June 14, 1862. : - 
 
 Kitcben, David, Abingdon, e. Nov. 28, i86i, disch. for dis. April 24, 1862. 
 ' McDonnell, James H., Abingdon, e. Nov. 5, i86i. 
 
 Meadow, William P., Abingdon, e. Dec. 31, i86i, trans, to Co. I, vet., m. o. 
 April I, 1866. 
 
 Nation, Joseph, Abingdon, e. Nov. 25, i86i, died on Tenn. river April lo, 
 1862, wounds. 
 
 ;- Nation, Elijah, Abingdon, e. Nov. 20, i86i, vet. trans, to Co. B, m. o. April 
 I, 1866. ;.-r;: I. :. ; 
 
 Peabody, George N., Abingdon, e. Dec. 3, i86i, trans, to Co. I, vet., m. o. 
 April I, 1866. 
 
 Perry, William M., Gilson, e. Dec. i6, i86i. * 
 
 Ryan, Peter, St. Augustine, e. Nov. 26, i86i, m. o. Feb. 7, 1865. 
 '; Richey, Samuel H., Abingdon, e. Oct. 26, i86i. 
 
 Ryan, Thomas, St. Augustine, e. Dec. 30, i86i, m. o. Feb. 7, 1865. 
 
 Sibley, Lucien G., Abingdon, e. Nov. 26, i86i, disch. for dis. Aug. 5, 1862. 
 
 Staggs, Allison M., Gilson, e. Dec. 9, i86i, trans, to Co. B, vet., m. o. May 2, 
 1866. ...- , :^. 
 
 Staggs, John W., Abingdon, e. Oct. 28, i86i, disch. for dis. Aug. 21, 1862. : ' 
 
 Thompson, J. M., Hermon, e. Nov. i6, i86i, disch. for dis. Aug. 3, 1863. / ' 
 
 Thompson, Errick, Abingdon, e. Dec. 4, i86i, m. o. Feb. 7, 1865, was pris. 
 
 Griffin, Augustus, Galesburg, e. March 21, i86i. .,;::--. 
 
 X; 59TH INFANTRY .:';:;:; 
 
 The 9th Infantry Missouri Vols. was organized at St. Louis, Sept. i8, i86i. 
 The companies composing the regiment had been raised in Illinois, and mustered 
 in at sundry times. Sept. 21, i86i, ordered to Jefferson City; 3Oth moved to 
 Booneville; Dec. 15, i86i, moved to Georgetown, Mo.; 23rd, returned to Lamine 
 Bridge. Jan. i, P. Sidney Post was commissioned major. Feb. 12, 1862, by an 
 order of the War Department, the 9th of Missouri Vols. was changed to the 59th 
 Illinois Vol. Infantry. Feb. 22 moved to Cross Hollows. March 6 moved to 
 Pea Ridge. On the 7th fought the enemy all day; Major P. Sidney Post was 
 severely wounded. Lieut.-Col. Frederic was severely wounded, and Capt. Hale 
 commanded the regiment during the fight. April j. Col. Kelton having resigned, 
 Maj. Post was commissioned colonel. After 'evacuation of Corinth, pursued the 
 retreating enemy as far as Booneville; i8th crossed the Tennessee at Eastport 
 and camped at Waterloo ; Col. Post took command of brigade. Oct. 8 was heavily 
 engaged at Chaplin Hills, losing 113 killed and wounded, out of 361 men going 
 
;-;,:-:;: ;:^--' HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY ;:;': 281 
 
 into action. Arrived at Nashville Nov. 7, near which place the regiment remained 
 during the year. 
 
 The 59th Regiment had 104 men from Knox county; 3 were killed, 8 wounded.'. 
 and 14 died. . 
 
 '''.":''--''.-' '.. ; v' ';>.:'"" :'---?'.-7 Colonel V- ;'':.;' v~:> / . % '.^'.'|;.V\^'-^'-,. ' 
 Post, p. Sidney, Galesburg. ^^ '/i/' ;"";:;;/ . V!' .:>:,' ;. . ;: 
 
 ' - .-.-, -_ . ..-.:- ' j ,' .' . 
 
 ... ----.-.... ' '- -'',,'' ' . ' '. ; -'-?'.' '- -' 
 
 Lieutenant Colonel 
 Hale, Clayton, Knoxville, e. July 17, i86i, absent, sick at m. o. of regiment. .' 
 
 :^:,. .V-. ':.;'v-\.:/v." '^]:.^--^ .->,. '-.i Adjutant >;-:;/\;'. ,.,' ::\'\/.-; ;V'; '.-" :-Vc^.i' "'' 
 West, Samuel, Knoxville, e. July 17, i86i, pro. capt. Co. I, res. Nov. 22, 1864. 
 
 ' ' : '' ' '" ''-= Surgeon '' '''' ' .'< '^ -I "''"^V,';l - 
 Bunce, Charks, Galesburg, e. Oct. 25, 1862, m. o. Dec. 8, 1865. ' v :,, v 
 
 -./' -iv ;'.:, ' Assistant Surgeon ."-/: ,.:,;"'/'' ;-.C-:-''=;,---i;\ ;x 
 
 Gaston, Joseph W., Knoxville, died Sept. 3, 1864. ^ > v - '; 
 
 -'-.'' '-" ''.''- .'-':';'..; Sergeant-Majors - ^'' .^-^ "''' '"^' ''" -^ ,.'.-;'';, 
 
 Smith, John F., Galesburg, e. July 17, i86i, disch. Jan. 15, 1863, wounds, i .' ' ' 
 Ayers, George P., Galesburg, e. Dec. 5, 1863, m. o. Dec. 8, 1865. -..'; 
 -. .... . .-. ...-.- ....... .. -...-...-.. .. ..-'. :";;-'^^::.''^'^l 
 
 '-'': ' ( ''''. ':'' -"';'^-:' ';v ';.-:;.:.;- COMPANY A "";;.;': -^^---.r ,; . .' ' i" , .-:''^.r:.\,;'v '"'. 
 "-' ' .--._: :- -. Captains -'^.'.- ' ; -"^-'-''^ - ' :. 
 
 Bailey, David M., Knoxville, e. July 17, i86i, died at Knoxville, Oct. lo, 1864. 
 Elrich, James, Knoxville, e. July 17, i86i, m. o. Dec. 8, 1865. > .. 7 
 
 First Lieutenants "''.'^^ v^. 
 
 Sanderson, Alexander, Knox Co., e. July 17, i86i, m. o. Dec. 8, 1865. 'I^ ;,;'.' 1' 
 Patton, Samuel F., Knoxville, e. July 17, i86i, m. o. Dec. 8, 1865. ";';' 
 
 ^'''. .'''-' Sergeants >''.;' / '- -v '.. ".^:0- 
 
 .i-;.^ ; : Higgins, Edwin P., Knoxville, e. July 17, i86i, trans. V. R. C. /^:v .':' 
 
 .;;-.' West, Samuel, Knoxville, e. July 17, i86i, pro. com. sergt. '.' v. V-' '' 
 
 ,. Hall, John, Knox Co., e. July 17, i86i, disch. for dis. May i, 1862. "''" --'.,.'^: 
 
 ' .: Anderson, Phillip, Knoxville, e. July 17, i86i, disch. for dis. Oct. 21, i86i. ;' 
 
 :>..-.. /V' '-- Corporals. '' ' "t;.v-\ , .- .;^'.''-'''-:'- .'=^.- 
 
 Y.'.. Warren, Edward M., Knoxville, e. July 17, 1861.'" ' " ' 
 
 .'-.;' V Collins, Albert, Knox Co., e. July 17, i86i, disch. Jan. 20, 1863, as sergt, 
 ,'..;.'- wounds. ';."'--;:/.- -v7V'--.;--'i .:;/.-'-;..'''<":'. 
 
 'V'^; Dennis, John W., Knox Co., e. July 17, i86i, disch. Oct. 31, i86i, dis. . . 
 
 - . Elrich, James, Knoxville, e. July 17, i86i, died. : 
 
 .:,': Huptonstull, Jacob, Knox Co., e. July 17, i86i, disch. for dis. Oct. 31, i86i. , 
 
282 : HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY /K ' 
 
 . '1 ' ;'. *'.' ; ' 
 
 ' '':'"--ifi^.v \; ' ^ Musicians ,:.;'";:.,-.:.;' ;;.:;>,.':: 
 
 Owen, Thomas R., Knox Co., e. July 17, i86i, disch. for dis. April lo, 1862. 
 Rodecker, William P., Knox Co., e. July 17, i86i, trans, to bat. A, 2d art. 
 
 ... .. ' '. >. IVagoner .' ^--vi ^ '.;.;.'!''- r^ .'. J;....' v^' v'^-.;.^';.';.'''^' 
 
 Woolsey, Wm. H., Knoxville, e. July 17, i86i, vet., disch. July 17, 1864, ,,.'- 
 wounds. ^ , . - _ ::. ,.'- ::. 'I ;-. '; -.v ';:'.>'-'''-.'^ 
 
 Privates ;\'.; 
 
 Allen, Richard, Knoxville, e. July 17, i86i, vet., disch. June 17, 1865, as sergt., ; / , 
 
 wounds. 
 
 Beatty, John, Abingdon, e. July 17, i86i, vet., m. o. Dec. 8, 1865. ' ' x ;.^--s ' 
 Burnaugh, Nathan, Knox Co., e. July 17, i86i, died Nov. 7, i86i. :. : V^^^^^^ 
 Bryan, Joseph N., Knoxville, e. July 17, i86i, vet., m. o. Dec. 8, 1865, as sergt. ;. ^. - .: 
 Calkins, Charles E., Knox Co., e. July 17, i86i, died Dec. 20, 1862. .^-'' - ;..- 
 
 Collinson, Anthony, Abingdon, e. July 17, i86i, vet., sick at m. o. regt. !,--;- 
 
 Camp, Wm. B., Galesburg, e. July 17, i86i, vet., disch. June 29, 1865, as sergt., .;'';:; 
 
 wounds. i . :- . ; : . .; - 
 
 Canfield, George W., Knox Co., e. July 17, i86i, vet., sick at m. o. regt. ';.- 
 
 Castle, Geo. H., Knoxville, e. July 17, i86i, vet., m. o. Dec. 8, 1865, as sergt. :;;,{; 
 Colwell, James H., Knoxville, e. July 17, i86i, disch. Jan. 12, 1864, as sergt., ;'.;- .; 
 
 Corbin, Francis, Knox Co., e. July 17, i86i, died at Louisville, Oct. i, i86i. .- ' ; 
 Crentz, Charles, Galesburg, e. July 17, i86i, disch. Feb. 2, 1864, dis. -^^ !^\ '' 
 
 Cuthill, Gray, Galesburg, e. July 17, i86i, disch. Sept. 17, 1862, dis. - ' '; "^": 
 Dawson, George, Knox Co., e. July 17, i86i, disch. Aug. i6, i86i, dis. . .:",.. 
 Dallmeyer, George, Knox Co., e. July 17, i86i, trans, to Miss, marine brigade. . _-;f . ' 
 Donnelly, James A., Knox Co., July 17, i86i, sergt., died at Louisville, March . r-' 
 
 20, 1864. ^ ;:;:: 
 
 Donnelly, Jefferson W., Knox Co., e. July 17, i86i, disch. Aug. 15, i86l, dis. '. ,; ' 
 Finch, Lewis, Knox Co., e. July 17, i86i, vet., m. o. Dec. 8, 1865. | r :, 
 
 Gardiner, Seth P., Knoxville, e. July 17, i86l, vet., sergt., killed at Rough ;" 
 
 Station, July 4, 1864. 
 
 Godfrey, J., Knoxville, e. July 17, i86i, vet., m. o. Dec. 8, 1865. 
 
 George, J. K., Knoxville, e. July 17, i86i, disch. April 6, 1863, dis.: 
 
 Goodwin, James, Knoxville, e. July 17, i86i, m. o. Sept. 17, 1864, sergt. . : 
 
 Glendon, John, Knox Co., e. July 17, i86i, died Dec. i8, 1863. 
 
 Goff, Francis W., Knox Co., e. July 17, i86l, kid. at Perryville, Ky., Oct. 8, 
 
 1862. 
 
 Goff, Royal F., Knoxville, e. July 17, i86i, m. o. Dec. 8, 1865, corpl. . -..., 
 Griffith, Benj. A., Knoxville, e. July 17, i86i, vet., trans, to U. S. signal corps. 
 Hupstonstull, J., Knoxville, e. July 17, i86i, disch. Nov. 20, 1862, dis. 
 
 . Hall, James B., Knoxville, e. July 17, i86i. : ;'; 
 
 Hopkins, Wallace, Knoxville, e. July 17, i86i, disch. Aug. 6, i86i, dis. ,'' 
 Hoppers, Thomas J., Knox Co., e. July 17, i86i, died of wounds June 9, 1863. 
 Howard, F. A., Knox Co., e. July 17, i86i, vet., m. o. Dec. 8, 1865. ... . 
 Humphreys, Z. C., Knox Co., e. July 17, i86i, disch. Feb. 2, 1863. - : ' : 
 Lotta, John S., Knox Co., e. July 17, i86i. 
 
.;, ;;::\';K-;-- .%.-:;v HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY ^: v-.,. 
 
 v.' Martin, Graham, Knoxville, e. July 17, i86i, died of wounds April 22, 1863. 
 ; Matteson, Benj. J., Knoxville, e. July 17, i86i, vet., m. o. Dec. 8, 1865, sergt. 
 ; Matteson, Peter, Knoxville, e. July 17, i86i, vet., m. o. Dec. 8, 1865, sergt. 
 . Mather, David, Knoxville, e. July 17, i86i, vet, m. o. Dec. 8, 1865. ;" 
 
 ;. McDowell, James, Knoxville, e. July 17, i86i, trans, to Miss, marine corps. ' " '; 
 Moore, John B., Victoria, e. July 17, i86i, vet., m. o. Dec. 8, 1865. l^> . -:V.X; 
 ; Morris, Frederick, Knoxville, e. July 17, i86i, m. o. Dec. 17, 1864. ... ; r.O' ^ :;;; ';^ 
 V Mount, John, Abingdon, e. July 17, i86i. ' ;:Ci ^i'^^ r 
 
 ; Murray, John, Abingdon, e. July 17, i86i, vet, m. o. Dec. 8, 1865. ^^-f :'!,. 
 Neeley, David J., Oneida, e. July 17, i86i, vet., m. o. Dec. 8, 1865. .-..; 
 ;: O'Harra, W. J., Knox Co., e. July 17, i86i. '-'::. . ^ ^ :r^^:.^iv--! A '%> 
 > Payton, John, Knox Co., e. July 17, i86i. .;. 
 
 Peterson, John P., Victoria, e. July 17, i86i, vet., kid. near Dallas, Ga., ; ^ 
 May 29, 1864. 'r^'.. 
 
 Plummer, J. A., Knoxville, e. July 17, i86i, disch. Aug. 6, i86i, dis. ^ X -v 
 :; Quirk, Edward, Knoxville, e. July 17, 1861, vet., m. o. Dec. 8, 1865. '" 
 
 Raymond, James E., Knoxville, e. July 17, i86i, died at Jeflferson City, Mo., :;. 
 
 Oct8, i86i. ;;: 
 
 Russell, M. R. Knoxville, e. July 17, i86i, died Nov. 20, i86i. y. .."=.''', 
 -, Southerland, John, Knoxville, e. July 17, i86i. ' l-i'i^: !v v-'^f ;'';^: 
 
 . Tanner, Frank, Knoxville, e. July 17, i86i, transferred to Miss, mortar fleet. .. 
 
 Williams, Thomas, Knoxville, July 17, i86i, vet., m. o. Dec. 8, 1865. r 
 
 Wagher, Alfred B., Knoxville, e. July 17, i86i, transferred to Miss, marine .; 
 brigade." '.-.''-' ;'-.'%? ^.: .^. '-: ''V/-.^ ^-^'l 
 
 Wagher, Wm., Knoxville, e. July 17, i86i, m. o. July 26, 1864. r i:^. ^v-/^^ i^'--.; 
 
 Wagher, F. M., Knoxville, e. July 17, i86i, disch. Oct. 20, i86i, dis.^V ';. : ->. ' . 
 ,; Watkins, Daniel, Gilson, e. July 17, i86i, vet, m. o. Dec. 8, 1865. ' ' : L'v'.^v 
 
 Watson, William, Knox Co., e. July 17, i86i, m. o. Dec. 8, 1865, as corpl. .V-':-:. 
 ,' Welsh, John, Knox Co., e. July 17, i86i, disch. Nov. i8, 1864. :r:.. ; S'^^ 
 . Williams, Chas., Knox Co., e. July 17, i86i. . V; 
 
 , White, Mitchell, Abingdon, e. July 17, i86i, vet., trans, to U. S. V. engineers. ; 
 
 Westbrook, N. B., Abingdon, e. July 17, i86i, vet., sick at m. o. of regt. ' 
 
 - Wyman, Arthur, Abingdon, e. July 17, i86i, transferred to Miss, marine 
 brigade. ';'/-- ,vi ."'.."' '-'' ^'i' ': :j\ '^' ':: vX ':\.;:;''^ [: ^:':;- r; ' ' ^'-'.':.^':- .^'l'^'.. i^--^ 
 
 \ '.> .:.!l:^ :''.:-" .'.-':..>-. V'V '^/.'"^'-^ Recruits ' -:'^'^^:^^:'^-- " " .v-.'--''''v'.':i''-^';^ -:. 
 
 Cherrington, M., Knox Co., e. July 17, i86i, died at Syracuse, Mo., Dec. 8, ; ' 
 i86i. ., .^; 
 
 Duncan, Robert, Knox Co., e. July 17, i86i, m. o. Dec. 8, 1865, as corpl. ;;'::;,/ 
 : Holcomb, J. B., Knox Co., m. o. Dec. 8, 1865. 7vV': 
 
 Haskins, Edward, Knox Co., trans, to Miss, marine brigade. . > /*;':- 
 
 / Horseman, Eli J., Knox Co., m. o. June 14, 1865, sergt. V'.' ; V'! v 
 
 .- Mitchell, George E., Knox Co., discharged Dec. 22, 1864, wounds. :.. -V :>-,.;. 
 
 : Minard, David M., Knox Co., corpl., died Dec. 6, 1863. V'-; ; '-y>- V^^ 
 
 '', Pratt, E. A., Knoxville, vet., m. o. Dec. 8, 1865. ; / V\:!i'' :- 
 
 '' Patton, J. H., Knoxville, died at Louisville, Jan. 4, 1864. 'V.''-':^?? .'!" 
 
 Porter, Herman D., Knoxville, m. o. Dec. 8, 1865, sergt. .- / -'vV-;-' /'' 
 
 
284 
 
 HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY ;^> H V' 
 
 ^_.;:;^l^.-^, ' . ' . -> COMPANY B ;'.;;'''- :;'"'.'-'-':'" 
 '.';;''-^/;-'^;. ;.. Privates 'x,''---\"'.V,- ''>'":'.''.' 
 
 Low, Joseph, Galesburg, e. July 17, i86i, trans, to Davidson's Peoria battery, 
 m. o. Aug. 1 8, 1864. . . . 
 
 Rynerson, Cicero R., Galesburg, e. July 17, i86i, m. o. Aug. i8, 1864. .,.;..'.;. 
 
 Swenson, Nelson, Galesburg, e. July 17, i86i, m. o. Sept. 19, 1864. v -v 
 
 '']:C^'-'- .- '-^ COMPANY c ,:.:''; ^-V''' V. '':'.''"'.'.' 
 
 . ' .^*' 1 . - ' -' '"'-**'- ^ ''-' ^ .-..- 
 
 Captain A' 
 
 Arosneis, Carl, Knoxville, e. July 17, i86i. . . ' . 
 
 :';;' ' . COMPANY I ; ' ^ .;->;/ '-''. 
 
 .'. Captain "' ^ ' -V- ' . ; 
 
 Doolittle, Charles C., Galesburg, detached. : : 
 
 -,, '.-**'.' 
 
 '' Private ;. . -: 
 
 Duncan, Robert, Knoxville, e. March i8, 1864. >.: ., . \ ' 
 
 COMPANY F 
 
 Barlow, T. S., Oneida, e. Oct. 2, 1863, m. o. Dec. 8, 1865, as corpl. 
 ^ ;. 64TH INFANTRY : l ; . 
 
 /-:-':';.: "^ : ' ' '- COMPANY D' . - ; V^ -;.:;;...;..,.'' 
 
 '':-';;v . v, , ', . ;.- Captain , ;'','..!.,>'', .' . ' 
 
 Stewart, John W., Abingdon, e. Dec. i6, i86i, pro. maj. '; . .. ' ; 
 
 ' ' First Lieutenant 
 
 Stewart, William N., Abingdon, e. Dec. i6, i86i, res. June 20, 1862. 
 
 Musician 
 Rubart, James, St. Augustine, Dec. i, i86i, vet., disch. Jan. i, 1865, wounds. '". 
 
 v--^' First Sergeant ; ^-: ' . . \ 
 
 Fleming, Thomas, Hermon, e. Nov. i, i86i, vet., m. o. Dec. 17, 1864. 
 
 Sergeant 
 Bowden, Geo. W., Hermon, Nov. i, i86i, disch. for dis. July 7, 1862. 
 
 .vi.'-;v; Corporals :'';: vr^^r'v-': y.-,;.'; -j 
 
 Stephens, James P., Hermon, Nov. i, i86i, vet., m. o. July ii, 1865. 
 Chapman, Reuben, Hermon, e. Dec. i, i86i, vet., m. o. July ii, 1865. 
 
 -:;:;'.''.'. .' -^ Privates '' ' " ' ' ^ ' ' ' "'' '' ' 
 
 Beldon, Chas. W., Knoxville, e. Dec. i, i86i, vet., m. o. July ii, 1865. 
 Sheets, John, St. Augustine, Dec. i, i86i, m. o. Jan. 21, 1865. 
 
::: : 7:^i f -' ; HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY J ; / ^ ^^ 
 
 '-/' -*'' 
 
 / Chapman, Mason R., Hermon, e. Nov. i, i86i, vet., pro. q. m. sergt. ' . 
 
 ^. Deskin, Enoch, Hermon, e. Dec. i, i86i, m. o. Dec. 24, 1864. . ' v ./ 
 Epperson, P. B., Hermon, e. Nov. i, i86i, vet., died at Marietta, Ga., 
 I, 1864, wounds. 
 
 Haver, Horace, Hermon, e. Dec. i, i86i, ;; . . :' 
 
 Hendricks, A. G., Hermon, e. Nov. i, i86i, " "X . '- 
 
 ' McKee, James, Hermon, e. Nov. i, i86i, vet., m. o. July ii, 1865, as 
 
 sergt. 
 
 McDonald, Wm., Hermon, e. Nov. i, i86i, m. o. Dec. 24, 1864. -' 
 
 McDonald, John, Hermon, e. Dec. i, i86i, disch. July 23, 1862, dis. ' { : 
 McDonald, John, Hermon, e. Dec. i, i86i, disch. July 23, 1862, dis. 
 Switzer, Isaac, Hermon, e. Dec. i, i86i, m. o. Dec. 24, 1864. 
 ' Shoemaker, J. J., Hermon, e. Dec. i, i86i, vet, pris. of war, at m. o. of 
 Thurman, James, Hermon, e. Dec. i, i86i. 
 
 .: Underwood, Wm., Hermon, e. Dec. i, i86i, m. o. Dec. 24, 1864. ;" ; 
 Virtue, Thos. R., Hermon, e. Nov. i, i86i, disch. Oct. 22, 1862, dis. ... 
 
 /; Whitehead, John, Hermon, e. Nov. i, i86i, disch. Nov. i, 1862, dis. ; 
 
 ,-, :^^' V-./'-,^ ;.-./''.. :\ :'.':./.':'-;. Recruits '::-;;'>. .^''. ' ' "'''^v^' 
 
 Beldon, Geo. C., Knoxville, e. Eeb. 21, 1864, m. o. July ii, 1865. .;; .;-; 
 Bread, Geo. F., Hermon, e. Aug. 29, 1862, m. o. May 31, 1865. / . 
 Decker, Wm., Hermon, e. Aug. 21, 1862, m. o. May 31, 1865. . ' vv 
 
 .' Donegan, Michael, Hermon, e. Aug. 21, 1862, m. o. May 31, 1865. .' 
 Caruthers, M. S., Hermon, e. Aug. 21, 1862, m. o. May 31, 1865. :: 
 Gassett, James H., Hermon, e. Aug. 13, 1863, m. o. June 12, 1865. .y ';;:'' 
 Haver, George, Hermon, e. Aug. 21, 1862, m. o. May 31, 1865, as corpl. 
 
 Headley, John, Hermon, e. Sept. 13, 1862, m. o. June 8, 1865. 
 Massey, David, Hermon, e. Aug. 21, 1862, m. o. May 31, 1862. ' . . 7 '' 
 Milan, Lewis, Hermon, e. Jan. 19, 1862, m. o. April 25, 1865. ; 
 Methenia, S., Hermon, e. Jan. 17, 1862, m. o. Jan. 29, 1865. ;;.' 
 Vice, J., Hermon, e., Aug. 21, 1862, m. o. May 31, 1865. . j' 
 Rupert, J. N., St. Augustine, e. Dec. 21, i86i. . 
 
 .;;,,,;; ,,\\-- . .:--:::;. .-.-.j 65TH INFANTRY p'v'-:-\.. "'''!:-'-- 
 ./'>;;;:";;'. I.; ^';', '^ V ;, :-i-'.;':^ :.-_: COMPANY A x . ..^^;.-''!.- ; ^ ' : ^- -r- .'v-''" 
 ' ;^''-/';'/' :'" Privates '.-':."'/:.''.'-'' V'-'^ ' 
 
 Bailey, S., Henderson, e. Feb. 31, 1862, vet., m. o. July 13, 1865. - ; 
 
 Crouch, William, Altona, e. Feb. 25, 1862, vet, m. o. July 13, 1865. 
 . Crites, Eli, Oneida, e. Feb. 28, 1862, vet., m. o. July 13, 1865. 
 ; Connor, M. R., Henderson, e. Feb. 24, 1862, vet., m. o. July 13, 1865. 
 
 Echerd, Wm., Victoria, e. March 6, 1862, vet., m. o. July 13, 1865. - : \; . 
 
 Hanna, J. S., Knoxville, e. Feb. 5, 1862, vet, m. o. July 13, 1865. 
 
 Hanna, G. A., Knoxville, e. Feb. 4, 1862, m. o. April i8, 1865. 
 ' Johnson, Alex., Henderson, e. March 9, 1862, vet., m. o. July 13, 1865. . 
 
 Lane, I., Altona, e. Feb. i8, 1862, vet, m. o. July 13, 1865. - 'X 
 
 . Snell, Jacob, Altona, e. Feb. 23, 1862, vet., m. o. July 13, 1865. .- ;' 
 
 Wilt, John, Henderson, e. March 6, 1862, vet., m. o. July 13, 1865. ; .: 
 
 July .;. 
 
 first S 
 
 regt. 
 
286 HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY :. ; 
 
 Wilt, Wm. J., Sparta, e. Jan. 26, 1865, m. o. July 13, 1865. v. . 
 Shaw, Ed. W., Oneida, e. Feb. 22, 1862, vet. .'::... 
 Allen, Henry, Oneida. e. April 5, 1862, vet. ' V^ ; '^ 
 
 Glen, J., Oneida. : ; ;/ ;>:;;; 
 
 . ' 66TH INFANTRY ;,/,' ;;':/'.;'? 
 
 ..;--'"'' ' ^ COMPANY A ^' '''-" '''':..'/'^-':-. 
 
 ; Ross, George, e. Nov. 25, i86i, vet., m. o. July 7, 1865. ^ . 
 
 '':'.;. f-- '. / '.,' COMPANY F ..;'."' V/ -v''--^ ^'^ 
 
 FtVj^ Sergeant 
 Courtney, John A., Abingdon, e. Oct. lo, i86i, vet. pro. 2d lieut 
 
 ^^ '-..'. ^.. . .'-,:.-.' Sergeant , . ,': ;.-'^'^ '>'..;' ; 
 
 Riggs, William B., Abingdon, e. Oct. lo, i86i, died at Corinth, Aug. 23, 1862. -f.V 
 
 Corporals 
 
 Pratt, Troy, Abingdon, e. Oct. lo, i86i, vet., m. o. July 7, 1865. 
 Sheffield, Frederick, Abingdon, Oct. lo, i86i, died at Paducah, Ky., April 5, 
 
 1862. ,. ; . .^>.-:.^v'^VV::;.;:4-;.;;^-,^ vf.'^- 
 
 Shrader, Edwin, Abingdon, e. Oct. lo, i86i, disch. June 30, 1862, dis. ' ; , : j. 
 
 ..^- . .' ' -- ^ ..,: Privates - .-' .' : -'v.'. ;,'. I-- :.;;,...,/. 
 
 Addleman, Wm., Abingdon, e. Oct. lo, i86i, vet., m. o. July 7, 1865, as corpl. , 
 Niven, David S., Abingdon, e. Oct. i, i86i. P. s;-"- . '; "^ I- /X' :^ ^ 
 Powder, Robert, Abingdon, e. Oct. lo, i86i, disch. Sept. 21, 1864. ' 
 
 Swartz, Edward, Abingdon, e. Oct. lo, i86i, vet., m. o. July 7 ,1865. . i 
 
 Virtue, Samuel, Abingdon, e. Oct. lo, i86i. f 
 
 Virtue, James, Abingdon, e. Oct. lo, i86i. ', ' .' ; 
 
 Recruits 
 
 Bell, William H., Galesburg, e. Feb. 15, 1864, m. o. July 7, 1865. 
 Blair, Andrew J., Abingdon, e. March 26, 1864, m. o. July 14, 1865. ; . ' : 
 Boydston, Wm. H., Galesburg, e. Feb. 15, 1864, m. o. July 7, 1865. ' 
 Bailey, Ezra, Galesburg, e. Feb. 3, 1864, died at Kingston, Ga., Aug. 5, 1864. 
 Clark, John, Galesburg, e. Feb. 12, 1864, m. o. July 7, 1865, wd. 
 Gossett, John H., Galesburg, e. Feb. 15, 1864, m. o. July 7, 1865. 
 Leadieu, Charles, Galesburg, e. Feb. 22, 1864, m. o. July 7, 1865. 
 McPherrin, Wm., Abingdon, e. March ii, 1864, m. o. July 7, 1865. 
 Owen, Charles, Galesburg, e. Feb. 15, 1864, m. o. July 7, 1865. 
 Peabody, Washington, Galesburg, e. Feb. 15, 1864, m. o. July 7, 1865. 
 Tunnicliff, C. C., Abingdon, e. Feb. 23, i86i, m. o. July 7, 1865. 
 Williford, Geo. W., Galesburg, e. Feb. 15, 1864, m. o. July 7, 1865. 
 
 Unassigned 
 
 Andrew, James H., Galesburg, e. Feb. 12, 1864, third enlistment. 
 Axtell, N. J., Abingdon, e. March 12, 1864, disch. June 12, 1864. 
 
;-:;:'^;: V:'' ,-^ V^^^^ HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY >:- ::t;^; 287 
 
 Cannon, J. H., Galesburg, e. Feb. 15, 1864, disch. May 14, 1864. V::; --''; 
 Downs, Levi M., Galesburg, e. Feb. 12, 1864, third enlistment. ,- . v: > v . 
 Frisbie, Samuel F., Henderson, e. March i6, 1864. .---'/ 7-lA:V-. 
 
 Wells, James A., Henderson, e. March i6, 1864, vet. recruit. .'.-: -- V "'. 
 Williamson, James, Abingdon, e. March i6, 1864. /: V : ' 
 
 Russell, Charles, Alton, e. May i, 1862, m. o. May 15, 1865. ; : - :i 
 
 Russell, Ed. C., Alton, e. May i, 1862, m. o. May 15, 1865. :-v .-.;'! 
 
 -.:'.'' -;-. , -. V- ? --'. 
 
 * . ' -.- r^; 
 
 .;':';:'- .,',-':...-"'.' ^:%;'"/-'- 67TH INFANTRY. - '. :^^;' ' - '.;;" ,''':/.-:-" 
 
 .' . ' ' . ^- . .' -;-' '" .. ' ' r -'.---. '-.'''.-.'' -^ -.- 
 
 ;;;.. v';:;".^//',/.'^- .;"':. t.-,-'l ^'' COMPANY F -''.--/V -/-V;.-' -' \_. "XA-'.- '''-.- -^^r "';, 
 
 Adams, W., Yates City, e. Jan. 2, 1862. >;:; v v. ': - r ; \^'- ; 
 Chrisman, Geo., Salem, e. Jan. 2, 1862. \'-'^''-'::-' ''.'^:'' / " .v ' ' - - / ; 
 
 Grim, Wm., Yates City, Jan. 3, 1862. ' '.' . 'Tv"^ . , -' V": '?:- 
 
 Grim, Milton, Yates City, e. May 31, 1862. .';"'''.!.. C:! .' \ . :; '^ : 
 
 Miller, J. O., Yates City, e. Jan. 2, 1862. ;.. -j ^.v ,.' > : V 'v ';.;-;': 
 
 Richardson, I., Maquon, e. Jan. 2, 1862. . ; ', ' 'v.: V 
 
 Shallenberger, J., Maquon, e. Jan. 2, 1862. i ';;;; : \ '. ',V^; ; 
 
 Swadley, D. F., Yates City, Jan. 4, 1862. :;;''-;: , ;. -i . 
 
 Shealy, Wm., Maquon, e. Jan. 3, 1862. ! - .; :>. ' '' x ' >? A \^ 
 
 Sherman, O., Maquon. :;::'; ^".'V';'^ V; - ; v : . ' ' r. 
 
 Ziner, J., Maquon. 'v-^^;'; ''?\N--i::^ 
 
 -;v A-' 6qTH INFANTRY ^''/..""V: '..>.:.'.':-!-' 
 
 , , - .'...-'--.'" 'j' '' -^ ' ' >'-** .- ' - .- '. .'.''' ' : "^ .'-- 
 
 - ^ '''- ':i-- ''';''' ''.''' '::/;"''' COMPANY D ,;!';.:'; '^-^ >5- ' A'" -'':'-V,:'"''v' '--''''v;. 
 ':'''''' ' :-.- Musician "'- - ''';..''-' x',,.'--^;. 
 
 Barnes, Wm. W., Oneida, e. June 4, 1862, m. o. Oct. 5, 1862, corpL ..'I- V^ 
 
 '"'^^ ';'"' ' " ' '"" Privates ' " ' ' ' ' ' ' '';; .-" - v.;'-^ [: 
 
 Benson, O. P., Walnut Grove, e. June 4, 1862, m. o. Oct. 6, 1862. ^k :., 
 Burnham, Asa., Oneida, e. June 4, 1862, m. o. Oct. 6, 1862. 'f . ; \ : r - : 
 
 Carson, J. W., Galesburg, e. June 4, 1862, m. o. Oct. 6, 1862. '; : ' V,-; 
 Case, J. W., Victoria, e. June 4, 1862, m. o. Oct. 6, 1862. ' - . .,.-''. 
 Elliott, G. W., Victoria, e. June 4, 1862, m. o. Oct. 6, 1862. -.: '^ . v'.;^'r 
 Godaer, Wm., Altona, e. June 4, 1862, m. o. Oct. 6, 1862. 
 Jones, O., Oneida, e. June 4, 1862, m. o. Oct. 6, 1862. r . - : ' 
 Lamphere, J., Oneida, e. June 4, 1862, m. o. Oct. 6, 1862. : -^v; 
 
 Millberger, S., Galesburg, e. June 4, 1862, m. o. Oct. 6, 1862. .. : 
 
 Mollony, P. J., Lynn, e. June 4, 1862, m. o. Oct. 6, 1862. ' 
 
 Prather, Wm., Abingdon, e. June 4, 1862, m. o. Oct. 6, 1862. . 
 Powell, E., Oneida, e. June 4, 1862, m. o. Oct. 6, 1862. . ,' : 
 
 Swan, P., Altona, e. June 4, 1862, m. o. Oct. 6, 1862. ' ; 
 
 Topper, E., Altona, e. June 4, 1862, m. o. Oct. 6, 1862. ' , v ;' 
 Taft, N. G., Ontario, e. June 4, 1862, m. o. Oct. 6, 1862. . ' V. 
 
 Clark, H., Galesburg, e. June 4, 1862, m. o. Oct. 6, 1862.' . 
 
 White, N., Victoria, e. June 4, 1862, m. o. Oct. 6, 1862, corpl. ;' 
 
 ..," :^-'.'. ^'^^ ' , . .^v- " COMPANY F - . ' . -.:W'.- 
 
 Cavanaugh, J., Ontario, e. June 4, 1862, m. o. Oct. 6, 1862. .''.- 
 Williams, James, Galesburg, e. June 4, 1862, disch. July 6, 1862. .; 
 
 
288 HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY 
 
 "':'-'- ^ ^. ^ ^. ' 7IST INFANTRY :'.";.;;'. 
 
 ^ .''--'"''"' .; -. . COMPANY B ^' :.:', 
 
 Courtney, James M., Abingdon, e. July lo, 1862. 
 Wade, Hirman, Henderson, e, July lo, 1862. ,. . 
 
 COMPANY D ; . ;;. 
 
 Emerson, John, Galesburg, e. June 30, 1862. , V 
 
 Howard, F. A., Abingdon, e. July 3, 1862. ; v 
 
 Nation, John, Henderson, e. July 5, 1862. 
 Stiggall, John, Galesburg, e. July 4, 1862. 
 Scott, William, Galesburg, e. July 3, 1862. ' . 
 
 :''.,->';" ' COMPANY E v: '"';.:". ^ \ . "v. '' 
 
 -t' ' ' . ' .-;.'.'.'-..' 
 
 ,:':',;, Second Lieutenant '-.: ' 
 
 Latimer, William D., Galesburg, e. July 22, 1862. . ; 
 
 '''"-- Sergeants ' - - '' : 
 
 Craig, Wm., Galesburg, e. June 30, 1862, m. o. Oct. 29, 1862. 
 Hair, J. T., Galesburg, e. June 30, 1862, m. o. Oct. 29, 1862. 
 
 ' Corporals " '"'"''' 
 
 Thompkins, Spencer, Galesburg, e. June 30, 1862, m. o. Oct. 29, 1862. 
 Goldman, Elisha H., Galesburg, e. July i2, 1862, m. o. Oct. 29, 1862. 
 Baker, Willis D., Galesburg, e. June 30, 1862, m. o. Oct. 29, 1862. 
 Aiken, Lewis B., Oneida, e. June 30, 1862, m. o. Oct. 29, 1862. 
 Davis, Marcus, Galesburg, e. July 7, 1862, m. o. Oct. 29, 1862. 
 Poling, Theodore C., Galesburg, e. June 30, 1862, m. o. Oct. 29, 1862 
 Latimer, Jonathan C., Abingdon, e. July 5, 1862, m, o. Oct. 29, 1862. 
 Howard, John M., Galesburg. e. July 7, 1862, m. o. Oct. 29, 1862. 
 
 :.>:--'- '-.'^ ' -.'. Privates '/-'.;/';':>, '>'.-':\ . 
 
 Ayers, Geo. P., Galesburg, e. June 30, 1862, m. o. Oct. 29, 1862. 
 Andrews, J. H., Galesburg, e. July 4, 1862, m. o. Oct. 29, 1862. 
 Comstock, Merrill H., Galesburg, e. June 30, 1862, m. o. Oct. 29, 1862. 
 Downs, Levi M., Abingdon, e. July 5, 1862, m. o. Oct. 29, 1862. 
 Dickerson, Fountain, Abingdon, e. July 5, 1862, m. o. Oct. 29, 1862. 
 Dowdy, J. H., Abingdon, e. July 20. 1862, m. o. Oct. 29, 1862. 
 Forquher, David, Galesburg, e. June 24, 1862, m. o. Oct. 29, 1862. 
 Howard, W. H., Galesburg, e. June 24, 1862, m. o. Oct. 29, 1862. 
 Loud, Silas J., Galesburg, e. July 4, 1862, m. o. Oct. 29, 1862. 
 Moburg, Andrew, Galesburg, e. June 30, 1862, m. o. Oct. 29, 1862. 
 Myers, Richard, Galesburg, e. July i8, 1862, m. o. Oct. 29, 1862. 
 Norris, Joseph C., Knoxville, e. June 30, 1862, m. o. Oct. 29, 1862. 
 Norris, John C., Knoxville, e. June 30, 1862, m. o. Oct. 29, 1862. 
 Price, Charles W., Knoxville, e. June 30, 1862, m. o. Oct. 29, 1862. 
 Rogers, G. F., Galesburg, e. July i8, 1862, m. o. Oct. 29, 1862. 
 Robinson', M. L., Galesburg, e. July i6, 1862, m. o. Oct. 29, 1862. 
 
HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY 
 
 289 
 
 Strongs Samuel B., Galesburg, e. June 30, 1862, m. o. Oct. 29, 1862. A , ':;;^::; 
 
 Scott, Henry C, Galesburg, e. July 21, 1862, m. o. Oct. 29, 1862. :^ :>':' 
 Wetmore, T. K., Galesburg, e. June 30, 1862, m. o. Oct. 29, 1862. , ^ 
 
 Wright, Paul, Galesburg, e. June 30, 1862, m. o. Oct. 29, 1862. ; ' . ^i^^^ 
 Woodward, H. T., Galesburg, e. June 30, 1862, m. o. Oct. 29, 1862. ; 
 Weltey, Joseph, Galesburg, e. July 4, 1862, m. o. Oct. 29, 1862. V: 
 
 " ^'''". . '. '-?;-- 
 
 .;'':;. '^' /'-'' : :-."- /'''V;'', COMPANY F "''"":' 'v'-^- v . -" '^' C--^"i-: .'':'' 
 
 ;v Post, William F., Galesburg, e. July i8i, 1862. .;\?;:-<"v . '-J/;' ''.' ;. 
 
 ;'-'' ' - - Privates ''^ '''-,'-'''. ^:,- ''{"-. '''^^..- ':!'' :- 
 
 ,5 Pierce, Charles, Galesburg, e. July 24, 1862. :^ ; -Ci ' ' ' . ;:^\ 
 
 '.: Price, Hershell, Galesburg, e. July i8, 1862. .:;;"- /^': -,. 
 
 : ; Plumer, J. N., Galesburg, e. July i8, 1862. y--;l:< -;: , ' ^ ' '.vr-' 
 
 :. , West, Dolphus, Galesburg, e. July 19, 1862. :],-' A; ; .? . 5^ : ; Ji' 
 
 ...-'^'- .-..: ; ''.'-^^' :'"' 720 INFANTRY --,:':; .^'%// ;;'.;-'.; ^ "> 
 
 ' - Was organized at Chicago, as the ist Regiment of the Chicago Board of 
 Trade. Its first bills were put out for one company, calling itself the "Hancock 
 Guards," on July 23, 1862, and exactly one month afterward the entire 
 regiment was complete and mustered into service for three years. The very 
 day of their muster they were started for Cairo, where they arrived on the 24th. 
 Their strength at that time was 37 officers and 930 men. On the 6th of Sep- 
 tember they were ordered to Paducah, Kan., March i the division of which the 
 72d Regiment formed a part started down the Yazoo Pass, but finding Fort 
 Pemberton in their way, and not being able to take it then, went back April 23, 
 then landed at Milliken's Bend, La., and from there marched with Grant's army 
 to Vicksburg. May i6 they arrived at Champion Hills, just in time to turn the 
 enemy's left, and by that movement decided the fate of the day. Oct. 30, 1864, 
 they were ordered to report to Maj.-Gen. Howard and in pursuance of this order 
 arrived at Nashville, Tenn., Nov. 13. They there found themselves too late to 
 join Sherman in his "great march to the sea." 
 
 Schofield's army found it convenient to retire toward Nashville. On Nov. 29 
 they evacuated Columbia, and the 72nd was in a severe skirmish with the enemy at 
 Spring Hill, on the road between Columbia and Franklin. On the succeeding day 
 they arrived at Franklin, and hastily threw up some light earthworks. About 4 
 o'clock that afternoon Hood attacked them, and the battle raged from that hour 
 until midnight with terrific fury. In that fight the 72d lost 9 officers out of i6 
 engaged, and 152 men, who were either killed or severely wounded. On Aug. 6 
 they were mustered out of service at Vicksburg, and then marched directly home 
 to Chicago. During their term of service they received 450 recruits and when 
 ordered home they transferred 270 of these to the 32d Illinois Veteran Vols., at 
 Meriden, Miss. They brought home 22 officers and 310 men. 
 
 The 72d Regiment contained 80 men from Knox county; 6 were killed, 3 
 wounded, 7 died, and 5 were taken prisoners. :' : ^' 
 
290 . HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY 
 
 ;,; .n^'/:/^' ./ ".". " ".;.. COMPANY B .;---.:;-...,.- ,/'^'.v .'. ..'i 
 
 I ^ Recruits ' . 
 
 : Ayres, Nelson, Abingdon, e. Feb. i6, 1864, m. o. Nov. 24, 1865. , ' ;.;/, 
 
 . Burton, Hiram S., Henderson, e. Dec. 24, 1863, m. o. Nov. 24, 1865. : 
 
 Benneson, Henry, Galesburg, e. Jan. 5, 1864, disch. for pro. -',': 
 
 Cole, Stephen D., Galesburg, e. Jan. 5, 1864, m. o. Nov. 24, 1865. | r v- ;; .:; 
 
 Cronan, Richard, Maquon, e. Dec. i8, 1863, kid. at Franklin, Tenn., Nov. 30, 
 
 Dean, Charles, Henderson, e. Jan. 22, 1864. " ' 
 
 Davis, James R., Galesburg, e. Jan. 5, 1864, kid. at Franklin, Tenn., Nov. 30, 
 
 1864. -:.:.-;./:.;.:;: -; - .^....^. ... .;vx::v: -/.i;^ >,.- r\ -:;/ 
 
 Frickle, Erastus, Galesburg, e. Feb. 3, 1864, m. o. Nov. 24, 1865. , : 
 Hatfield, Isaac B., Galesburg, e. Jan. 29, 1864, m. o. Nov. 24, 1865. 
 Holmes, David H., Wataga, e. Jan. 2, 1864, m. o. Nov. 24, 1865. 
 Hammond, J. P., Galesburg, e. Feb. lo, 1864. 
 
 Johnson, Frank A., Galesburg, e. Feb. 6, 1864, m. o. Nov. 24, 1865. 
 Lond, Silas J., Galesburg, e. Feb. 6, 1864, sick at Nashville. 
 Lewis, James M., Galesburg, e. Feb. 9, 1864, pris. of war. 
 McQueen, W. H., Galesburg, e. Feb. 8, 1864, m. o. Nov. 24, 1865. 
 Matthews, Charles, Galesburg, e. Feb. 9, 1865, m. o. Nov. 24, 1865. 
 Mason, Swen, Galesburg, e. Feb. ii, 1864, m. o. Aug. 29, 1865. 
 Nevett, Wilson J., Maquon, e. Dec. 7, 1863, m. o. Nov. 24, 1865. 
 Peterson, Peter, Galesburg, e. Dec. 28, 1863, m. o. Nov. 24, 1865. 
 Parkinson, Isaac, Galesburg, e. Feb. 6, 1864. . 
 
 Penny, Columbus, Henderson, e. Feb. ii, 1864, m. o. June 27, 1865. 
 Swanson, Nelse, Galesburg, e. Feb. 8, 1864, taken pris. Nov. 30, 1864. ' 
 
 Swanson, August, Galesburg, e. Feb. ii, 1864, pris. of war. : 
 
 Swanson, Eric, Galesburg, e. Feb. 8, 1864, m. o. June 20, 1865. i :': v 
 Snyder, Robert M., Henderson, e. Feb. ii, 1864, m. o. Aug. 29, 1865, as corpl. 
 Taylor, Jerry, Galesburg, e. Jan. 5, 1864, killed at Franklin, Tenn., Nov. 30, 
 
 1864. 
 
 Vantee, John, Maquon, . Dec. i8, 1863, m. o. Nov. 24, 1865. ' 
 Vantee, J. C., Maquon, e. Dec. 9, 1863, pris. of war, died Nov. 1865. j 
 
 Whitman, Isaac A., Altona, e. Feb. i6, 1864, sick at New Orleans. 
 
 V Whitman, Geo. E., Altona, e. Feb. i8, 1864, m. o. Nov. 24, 1865. 
 Waters, John, Wataga, e. Jan. 25, 1863, m. o. Noy. 24, 1865. 
 Walker, Geo. J., Galesburg, e. Dec. 19, 1863, died while a pris. at Corinth, v- 
 Woodward, H. T., Galesburg, e. Dec. 4, 1863, killed at Franklin, Tenn., Nov. 
 
 30, 1864. ... .... .. ... ..,\ v:.K.v .. ...^, :-.. 
 
 .'- -. ' , ' :. COMPANY C '":'' 'r^',^'-''''-:^''.i:,'^---. 
 
 " Sergeant -':;-. 
 
 Barnes, Samuel D., Galesburg, pro. ist lieut. 1864, U. S. C. Q. 
 
 COMPANY F ^;:. /.;. /..l''";^. .;'..; .'.r; 
 
 Beary, Daniel, Galesburg, e. Jan. 26, 1864, m. 6. Nov. 24, 1865. 
 
 Collins, John, Galesburg, Jan. 5, 1864, died at New Orleans, La., May 4, 1865. 
 
 Grant, Charles F., Galesburg, e. Dec. 28, 1863, disch. for dis. Nov. 7, 1865. 
 
HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY 291 
 
 .;;';;;-'T\-r;. .,;'.';'-'' COMPANY G -.;.;; .; 
 
 Anderson, Andrew J., Galesburg, e. Feb. 3, 1864, trans, to V. R. C. v^ . 
 James, Thomas, Galesburg. 
 
 Magoon, Wm. E., Oneida, e. Feb. 20, 1864, on furlough at m. o. of regt. 
 Padduck, Lemuel, Knoxville, e. Feb. 13, 1864, m. o. Nov. 24, 1865. t 
 
 .;:'...:'.'''. ''..',-': '"../.'.VV^'^-. .;':'.:'',. '-._: COMPANY I ..;,''<-.- -.=;- x.^ ' .v;- . 
 
 Sergeants 
 
 ' Corbin, Richard B., St. Augustine, e. Aug. 14, 1862, disch. for dis. March 
 30, 1863. 
 
 Bennett, Geo. W., St. Augustine, e. Aug. 14, 1862, m. o. July 20, 1865. i , 
 
 -. .:-v.>.. . ';. :.-v ..-; Corporal '-;'- - ' .,:..'--.-:: :'..^ 
 
 Winsett, John, St. Augustine, e. Aug. 14, 1862, disch. for dis. Feb. 6, 1863. 
 
 Musicians ; 
 
 Harrod, Allen H., St. Augustine, e. Aug. 14, 1862, disch. for dis. Feb. 6, 1863. 
 Hall, Wm. M., St. Augustine, e. Aug. 14, 1862, disch. May 25, 1865. 
 
 ] Wagoner t'; 
 
 Jennings, William, St. Augustine, e. Aug. 14, 1862, m. o. June 8, 1863. 
 
 :'';.:-:'"',-'/ ^ ',;'/:-. A;'-'-; A ;r!':-^:- Privates ' ;>':'vr-V ';v^;v';- 
 
 Abbot, Orin H., St. Augustine, e. Aug. 14, 1862, m. o. Aug. 7, 1865. - .- 
 Babbitt, C. F., St. Augustine, e. Aug. 14, 1862, absent, wd. at m. o. regt. ',: '"'''.' 
 Bradbury, N., St. Augustine, e. Aug. 14, 1862, m. o. Aug. 7, 1865. 
 Burrage, Dewitt C., St. Augustine, e. Aug. 14, 1862, died at St. Lx>uis July 
 
 31, 1863. --^ :^:r-;'" :; . : -;' ;-^r:r: ^^ --:^^^Tl 
 
 Collinson, Victor, St. Augustine, e. Aug. 14, 1862, m. o. May 29, 1865. ^ 
 Chreighton, John M., St. Augustine, e. Aug. 14, 1862, m. o. May 29, 1865. ,=^ 
 Freese, Phillip, St. Augustine, e. Aug. 14, 1862, m. o. May 29, 1865. 
 Freese, James, St. Augfustine, e. Aug. 14, 1862, m. o. May 29, 1865, as 
 corpl., wd. ;. 'v ' 
 
 Frelder, William, St. Augustine, e. Aug. 14, 1862, m. o. May 29, 1865. . ' 
 Honts, Daniel, St. Augustine, e. Aug. 14, 1862, trans, to invalid corps. ;, 
 Honts, James E., St. Augustine, e. Aug. 14, 1862, m. o. Aug. 7, 1865. 
 Lovewill, C. W., St. Augustine, e. Aug. 14, 1862, kid. at Vicksburg, May 22, 
 
 1863. 
 
 Owen, B. D. C., St. Augustine, e. Aug. 14, 1862, m. o. June 3, 1865. 
 
 Randall, Edwin, St. Augustine, e. Aug. 14, 1862, died at Ft. Pemberton, 
 April 3, 1863. 
 
 Roe, J. E., St. Augustine, e. Aug. 14, 1862, m. o. July 4, 1865. ; , .;,: X; r , . 
 
 Switzer, Peter, Hermon, e. Aug. 14, 1862, m. o. Aug. 7, 1865. '.':.. 
 
 Recruits 
 
 Babbitt, S. J., St. Augustine, e. Jan. 3, 1864, m. o. Nov. 24, 1865. ' ; ;; . / jf 
 Bowers, J. W., Galesburg, e. Jan. 2, 1864. , ;'^;. ' V^^.' >/'-> 
 
 ':;';-'. '^.''^ \^-': 'v'..;.- '' ' '.;;''' -..^ '-i^: .''': ;,' -' '^VV.^V^/'-'T-'''"'- '^V\^'' '"'!. '' ' '' V"''-' '^'' 
 '"",' '^. ',J'y'''., ;. '''^ .''''';;- !'"';'' ^ic^,'.'^'.'\.^;' '-'^'';^/-'\-,;.-''^- ^ /<--'';.'.^'''- . ' ..'-: '- '.^:-:' ':.;' 
 
: HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY -^^^ f' 
 
 Collinson, James C., Abingdon, e. Feb. 22, 1864, disch. May ii, 1865, wounds. 
 ' Darffy, F. M., Galesburg, e. Dec. 24, 1863, disch. Oct. 4, 1864, dis. 
 ', Imel, T. J., St. Augustine, e. Jan. 5, 1864, m. o. Nov. 24, 1865. 
 
 : Miller, Wm., Galesburg, . Dec. 27, 1863. 
 
 . McGrew, D. C., Abingdon, e. Feb. 5, 1864, m. o. Nov. 24, 1865. 
 
 McGrew, C. M., Abingdon, e. Feb. 8, 1864, m. o. Nov. 24, 1865. 
 
 . McGrew, J. L., Abingdon, e. Feb. 8, 1864, m. o. Nov. 24, 1865. 
 
 Margors, Sandy, Abingdon, e. Feb. 22, 1864, kid. at Franklin, Tenn., Nov. 
 30, 1864. 
 
 Smith, C F., Galesburg, e. Feb. 5, 1864, m. o. Nov. 24, 1865. I : 
 
 ' Snyder, Solomon, Abingdon, e. Feb. i6, 1864, died at Vicksburg, May 25, 1864. 
 Scott, Wm. H., Knoxville, e. Jan. 5, missing in action at Franklin, Tenn., 
 Nov. 30, 1864. 
 
 Thurman, Isaac, Galesburg, absent, sick at m. o. regt. '- . . - 
 Turner, C. H., Galesburg, e. Feb. 29, 1864, m. o. Nov. 24, 1864. 
 Haurmon. Isaac, Abingdon, e. Feb. 8, 1864. _, . 
 
 : ;' V _ - 77TH INFANTRY '".>'!';.';'''' v '.;'-' 
 
 This regiment was mustered into the United States service Sept. 3, 1862, at 
 Peoria ; remained in camp there till Oct. 4. It then proceeded to Covington, Ky., 
 and reported to Maj.-Gen. Gordon Granger. Nov. 20, 1862, the regiment em- 
 barked on steamer for Memphis; remained there until Dec. 20. The division 
 was re-organized and reported to Maj.-Gen. Sherman. Embarked at Memphis 
 on the 2Oth, and proceeded down the river with Sherman's army for the capture 
 of Vicksburg. The 77th occupied the extreme right of the line, and participated 
 in the attack on rebel works. After four days fighting the attack was abandoned, 
 and the army proceeded to Milliken's Bend, La. Left there Jan. 5, 1863, and 
 arrived at Arkansas Post on the loth. Participated in the assault on the fol- 
 lowing morning; after a few hours hard fighting, carried the place, capturing all 
 it contained. The loss of the regiment here was 6 killed and 39 wounded some 
 of the latter mortally. The regiment in this battle behaved admirably, and 
 was complimented by the commanding general for its gallant conduct. 
 
 The regiment remained with Gen. Grant's army during the entire campaign 
 around Vicksburg, and the siege of the latter place, until its surrender. It was 
 engaged in the actions at Champion Hills, May 17; Black River Bridge, May 19; 
 first charge on Vicksburg, the 22nd and 23rd; losing in these engagements 20 
 killed, 86 wounded and 26 missing. Vicksburg surrendered on the 4th of July, 
 and the next day the regiment marched to Jackson with the army under Sher- 
 man. Arrived July 9, and was under the fire of the enemy at that place till 
 the 1 6th, when Jackson was evacuated, and the 77th returned to Vicksburg, where 
 it remained till Aug. 25, when it embarked for New Orleans, where it re- 
 mained in camp until Oct. 3. Left New Orleans at that time for Western 
 Louisiana; marched up Red River, driving the enemy until Sabine Cross Roads 
 was reached on the 8th of April, 1864, where it met the enemy in force. The 77th 
 belonged to the division under Gen. Ransom, which was ordered forward to 
 support the advance cavalry. Before the army could be brought forward to 
 their support the whole rebel army came down on them and overwhelmed the 
 entire division. In this engagement the 77th suffered terribly : Lieut.-Col. Webb 
 
HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY ^^; >/:; . 293 
 
 was killed instantly, besides 176 officers and men killed, wounded, and made ; 
 prisoners, leaving only 125 men in the regiment for duty. On the next day Gen. 
 A. J. Smith's corps came up, and at Reasant Hill another battle was fought, ; 
 ending in the complete defeat of the rebels. The regiment was with Gen. Canby's '" 
 army during the entire siege and capture of Spanish Fort, Blakely, and Mobile, .: 
 and was under fire the entire time. It remained in camp at Mobile until July 
 lo, 1865, at which time it was mustered out of service. 
 
 In this regiment were 154 men from Knox county, in four companies. Of 
 these 3 were killed, so far as we can learn, 17 died, lo wounded, and 5 taken , 
 prisoners. ' v 
 
 r ' ^ - - Lieutenant Colonel '- .... f-';:. ;-..*;.. 
 
 Burdett, John A., Knoxville, e. Sept. 2, 1862, res. Jan. 3, 1865. - ;^^ .;.., 
 
 '>':': Sergeant Major .:'--J'.';:.;;= v t.;-- ' ' x'-^v"'v- -v, -'-': 
 
 Ayres, Henry P., Galesburg, pro. adjt., , . . ..Vl?.-! ^ ;-^, .7 ' A--'-'; ^ 
 
 ^' '' ^ " ' . - -^ -^^ ' .l>'^ ": Q, M. Sergeant V--::.^--^ : -';',. 'V-^/-;^:-V''--'; ', 
 Stiller, Wm., Knoxville, e. Aug. 7, 1862, m. o. July lo, 1865. ; .- : ' J ; 
 
 '.'',.. '- ,:':,- ' /' ':'''': ^^.'/': COMPANY A' '. ^f'-rVo'^; .. - . '_-' \ ' --,''"-;:' ..^^ v" "'' ^ '" 
 
 Captain '" ' ' ' ; ': V\'.,';,c;; ' ^ 
 
 Steams, Gardner G., Knoxville, Sept. 2, 1862, m. o. July lo, 1865. . '.'^ -:;';: 
 
 ,'' ;' '^''x;'-- '.\- -;';...', . '.; :v;"... First Lieutenant H/';:-'-N.- .:' . . .;:. :'''v-V'"-:t--V 7 /', 
 Clark, Merritt M., Galesburg, e. Sept. 2, 1862, m. o. July lo, 18(65. :/! .' 'v : ., 
 
 ' ' - - ' Second Lieutenants ' ' ,.; ;_ ; . . -X'T/:' 
 
 Arms, Charles H., Knoxville, e. Aug. i, 1862, declined com. :- : 
 
 W^illcox, Wm. H., Galesburg, e. Aug. 5, 1862, pris. 14 months, m. o. July 
 
 10,1865. : ,,\ ^:^/^^, :..-. :^^ ->..' '.-'-O". , ^ ~ ':.-_ ..--'^-''- .,':.'' -^ 
 
 :.;.;:'.;,;-...;.;'''; .V .':. V^ First Sergeant ^' :.'.>;.; - cicVO-i,, .-^^, ' 
 Holcomb, W. H., Jr., Knoxville, e. Aug. i, 1862, pro. in U. S. C. troops. 1 V 
 
 '''- - ' '' " ' - -T .... ,,.:,..,. Sergeant '-^'- "'^'- '- ^ '''- '' ^^ ;\, _,'.;' 
 
 Harrison, Thomas, Galesburg, e. July i8, 1862, pro. in U. S. C. troops. - >i' 
 
 '". .\- -','.',' --v '^'"' ^'>-.'.. Corporal t-';?--.';'' '/'O-'V'.- .'V'V'-'''-V''v.7" ''/ 
 
 Sanbum, John H., Knoxville, e. Aug. i, 1862, pro. in U. S. C. troops. ' ^" 
 West, Lyman, Galesburg, e. July 17, 1862, m. o. July lo, 1865. - .. 
 
 Griffith, John H., Galesburg, e. July 31, 1862, m. o. June 7, 1865, as sergt. .. } - 
 Fields, Charles G., Galesburg, e. Aug. 6, 1862, m. o. July lo, 1865. , ' - . 
 
 Privates ' r-. . 
 
 Avery, Robt.. H., Galesburg, e. Aug. 15, 1862, pris. at Andersonville, m. o. 
 June 9, 1865. V 
 
294 ; : HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY v^^^'Vif-;, 
 
 .Anderson, John, Knoxville, e. Aug. ii, 1862, disch. for wounds received 
 at Ark. Post. 
 
 Bacon, H. F., Galesburg, e. Aug. 5, 1862, kid. at New Orleans, Dec. 25, 1863. 
 
 Barber, Henry A., Elba, e. Aug. 12, 1862, m. o. June 17, 1865, as sergt. 
 y Bolt, Samuel, Knoxville, e. Aug. 15, 1862, died of wounds, June 21, 1863. 
 , Bull, J. H., Galesburg, e. Aug. 9, 1862, disch. April 6, 1863, dis. f: ' 
 
 Burdett, W. H. H., Knoxville, e. Aug. i, 1862, disch. April 7, 1863, dis. .':!; 
 ; Burlingame, J. C, Galesburg, e. July 17, 1862, m. o. July lo, 1865. :' 
 
 Butler, G. D., Galesburg, e. August 9, 1862, m. o. July lo, 1865, sergt. 
 
 Churchill, W., Galesburg, e. Aug. i, 1862, died at Young's Point, La., Feb. 
 
 7, 1863. t ^ ;J^ 
 
 Coe, W. S., Knoxville, e. Aug. 9, 1862, disch. June 2, 1865, sergt. dis. . '' ; 
 
 Connell, Geo., Truro, e. Aug. 12, 1862, trans, to V. R. C. 
 
 i Conner, Isaac, Knoxville, e. Aug. ii, 1862, m. o. June 17, 1865. I ' 
 . Dippery, Milton, Knoxville, e. Aug. 7, 1862, disch. Nov. 17, 1863, wounds. 
 
 Divert, James, Knoxville, e. Aug. 6, 1862, m. o. July lo, 1865. 
 
 Ferris, H. F., Galesburg, e. Aug. 15, 1862, pro. in U. S. C. troops. 
 ; Fisher, Alex. R., Knoxville, e. Aug. ii, 1862, died in Knox Co., Oct. lo 1863. 
 
 Foster, C. P., Truro, e. Aug. 12, 1862, disch. April 7, 1863, dis. I; . 
 
 Fuller, F. G., Galesburg, e. Aug. 13, 1862, m. o. July lo, 1865. ; 
 
 ' : Green, Fdwin F., Galesburg, e. Aug. 5, 1862, m. o. June 17, 1865, corpl. . v 
 : Hall, Ira R., Galesburg, e. Aug. 15, 1862, m. o. July lo, 1865. ' ^ 
 
 Hester, H. D., Galesburg, e. Aug. 7, 1862, disch. April 7, 1863, dis. I 
 . Hensey, C., Galesburg, e. Aug. 9, 1862, disch. April 7, 1863, dis. ; 
 
 Holcomb, Peter, Knoxville, e. Aug. 15, 1862, died at New Orleans, Nov. 
 lo, 1863. 
 
 Hurd, A. E., Galesburg, e. Aug. 15, 1862, m. o. July 8, 1865. 
 
 Jenney, E. W., Galesburg, e. Aug. 9, 1862, m. o. July lo, 1865. 
 
 Losey, H. E., Galesburg, Oct. i, 1862, pro. maj. in U. S. C. troops. 
 
 Luddington, W. W., Knoxville, e. Aug. 9, 1862, died at Cairo, March lo, 1863. 
 
 Mather, S. or Lewis R., Knoxville, e. Aug. i, 1862, died at St. Louis, Feb. 
 
 14,1863. ' i 
 
 Mather, Lewis, Knoxville, e. Aug. 9, 1862, died at St. Louis, March i6, 1863. 
 ; Miller, H. H., Knoxville, e. Aug. i, 1862, pro. in U. S. C. troops. . 
 . McGraw, J. M., Galesburg, e. Aug. i8, 1862, m. o. June 17, 1865. 
 
 Moore, J. D., Knoxville, e. Aug. 9, 1862, disch. June ii, 1863, dis. 
 ' Ostrander, J. W., Knoxville, e. July 31, 1862, died at Milliken's Bend 
 April 6, 1863. 
 
 Ott, William, Knoxville, e. Aug. 6, 1862, m. o. June 17, 1865, pris. war. .' 
 
 Rambo, Julius, Knoxville, e. Aug. 9, 1862, m. o. June 17, 1865. 
 
 Randall, J. P., Knoxville, e. Aug. 12, 1862, m. o. June 17, 1865. 1 ; 
 
 , Reynolds, John, Knoxville, e. Aug. 15, 1862, disch. June 3, 1863, dis. -. ; 
 
 Russell, Alfred, Knoxville, e. Aug. 6, 1862, m. o. July 17, 1865. . 
 
 Sanburn, C. W., Knoxville, e. Aug. i, 1862, m. o. July lo, 1865. 
 . Swan, Lewis J., Knoxville, e. Aug. 7, 1862, m. o. July lo, 1865. 
 
 Tarleton, J. H., Knoxville, e. Aug. ii, 1862, m. o. June 17, 1865. ; 
 
 Tompkins, John, Knoxville, e. Aug. 7, 1862, died of wounds) Jan. i6, 1863. 
 
 Ward, C. H., Galesburg, e. Aug. ii, 1862, pro. hos. steward U. S. A. 
 
. ; :^-: .; .^ .;:' ; ^ ? ; HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY 
 
 Wilber, John, Knoxville, e. Aug. 1862, kid. at Vicksburg, May 22, 1863. 
 ^ Witherell, A. D., Knoxville, e. Aug. 12, 1862, m. o. July lo, 1865. 
 :v Woodmansee, Geo. Jr., Knoxville, e. Aug. 5, 1862, m. o. June 17, 1865. 
 
 Woodruff, Joseph D., Galesburg, e. Aug. ii, 1862, died at Young's Point, La., 
 June 9, 1863. 
 : Woolsey, J. L., Knoxville, e. Aug. i, 1862, m. o. July lo, 1865. 
 
 ^ _ ^ . . - . . ^ . , '*' 
 
 ;.'"'" ' "' -.---..,.. Recruits '' ' ' < 
 
 : Allison, W. C. C., Galesburg, Feb. ii, 1864, m. o. Aug. 15, 1865. 
 : Arms, H. G., Knoxville, e. Dec. i6, 1863, m. o. June 17, 1865. 
 
 Bartlett, Levi S., Galesburg, e. Feb. 3, 1864, m. o. June 24, 1865. 
 
 Bancroft, C. E., Galesburg, e. Feb. 8, 1864, m. o. Aug. 15, 1865. 
 
 Boher, Daniel, Galesburg, e. Jan. 20, 1864, m. o. Aug. 15, 1865 
 
 Bates, Francis, Galesburg, e. Jan. 26, 1864, died at Galesburg, Oct. 12, 1864. 
 
 Chadrich, E. A., Galesburg, e. Feb. ii, 1864, m. o. Aug. 15, 1865. 
 . Conaro, Geo. W., Galesburg, e. Feb. 12, 1864. 
 
 Day, C. H., Wataga, e. Feb. 29, 1865, m. o. Aug. 15, 1865. 
 V; Evans, F. M., Galesburg, e. Feb. 9, 1864, m. o. Aug. 15, 1865. 
 
 Heagy, James F., Galesburg, e. Feb. 9, 1864, died at Baton Rouge, La., July 
 l8, 1864. 
 
 Hope, C. C., Galesburg, e. Jan. 4, 1864, m. o. June 17, 1865. 
 ,; Judson, Alfred M., Galesburg, e. Feb. 27, 1864, m. o. Aug. 15, 1865. 
 
 Kay, Robert, Galesburg, e. Feb. ii, 1864, m. o. Aug. 15. 1865. 
 
 Meadows, C. H., Galesburg, e. Feb. 15, 1864, trans, to V. R. C 
 
 May, Charles, Galesburg, e. Feb. 12, 1864, m. o. Aug. 15, 1865. 
 
 Martin, F. M., Galesburg, e. Feb. i8, 1864, m. o. Aug. 15, 1865. 
 
 Mather, James, Knoxville, e. Nov. 9, 1863, m. o. June 17, 1865 
 
 Ott, Samuel, Orange, e. Nov. i8, 1863, m. o. Aug. 15, 1865. 
 
 Perkins, Theodore, Persifer, e. Nov. 30, 1863, m. o. June 17, 1865. 
 
 Price, C. W., Galesburg, e. Nov. 9, 1864, pro. in io7th U. S. C. troop. 
 , Rambo, J. S., Haw Creek, e. Dec. 30, 1863, m. o. June 17, 1865, pris. war. 
 
 Rambo, Joseph, Haw Creek, e. Dec. 30, 1863, disch. July i, 1864, wounds. 
 . Read, C. W., Galesburg, e. Feb. 9, 1864, m. o. Aug. 15, 1865. 
 " Smith, William, Gilson, e. Dec. 30, 1863, m. o. June 17, 1865, pris. war. 
 ' Smith, C. B., Galesburg, e. Feb. ii, 1864, m. o. Aug. 15, 1865 
 
 Spidle, Alfred, Persifer, e. Feb. lo, 1865, m. o. Aug. 15, 1865 
 
 Tree. Wm. S., Persifer, e. Dec. 30, 1863, died at Tyler, Texas, July 22, 
 1864, pris. war. 
 
 Wallace, E. A., Galesburg, e. Feb. 22, 1864, m. o. Aug. 15, 1865. 
 
 Wentworth, M. H., Galesburg, e. Feb. 6, 1864, m. o. Aug. 15, 1865. 
 . Witherell, Geo. W., Galesburg, e. Feb. ii, 1864, m. o. Aug. 15, 1865. 
 : Wills, Benj. F., Persifer, e. Dec. 30, 1863, m. o. Aug. 9, 1865. 
 
 Wallack, Jacob, Persifer, e. Feb. 1865, m. o. Aug. 15, 1865. 
 
 ' '>^";,''?'{\^'''' ^ "'''."' '''v'/VV^"!;/ COMPANY F " > j^C "^^ '''v^": .... ; 
 
 .; - .:-. ': -.'. . :':.... . '.. Captain ''-'.'''' ' . ^ 
 
 Secord, James A., Yates City, e. Sept. 2, 1862, m. o. July lo, 1865. . 
 
296 HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY ;: 
 
 ..:,:.; First Lieutenant 
 
 Kenyon, Geo. C., Knoxville, e. Aug. i, 1862, pro. capt., m. o. Aug. 15, 1865. 
 
 ,y"'~-^'-' ' ' ' ^ Musician '" -"'^ '--'.';. "i- '- ^'- 
 
 Nixon, Charles, Gilson, e. Aug. 22, 1862, kid. at Vicksburg, June 22, 1863. 
 
 v'.'. Privates 
 
 Coe, J. S., Knoxville, e. Aug. 22, 1862, m. o. June 17, 1865, corpl. 
 Fowler, William, Gilson, e. Aug. 22, 1862, m. o. June 17, 1865, corpl. 
 Hummell, Casper, Yates City, e. July 28, 1862. 
 
 Irwin, T. A., Knoxville, e. Aug. 7, 1862, disch. Aug. i8, 1864, dis. ' 
 Johnson, N. E., Knoxville, e. Aug. 22, 1862, disch. May 30, 1863, dis. 
 Kent, James F., Yates City, e. Aug. 22, 1862, m. o. July lo, 1865. 
 Lawrence, Geo., Knoxville, e. Aug. 22, 1862, m. o. June 17, 1865, sergt. 
 Lockbaum, D., Knoxville, e. Aug. 8, 1862, m. o. July lo, 1865. 
 Miner, James, Knoxville, e. Aug. 22, 1862, m. o. June 17, 1865. | . 
 Macey, D. B., Yates City, e. Aug. 22, 1862, m. o. June 17, 1865. 
 Miner, J. W., Knoxville, e. Aug. ii, 1862, disch. June lo, 1863, dis. 
 Newman, P. S. L., Knoxville, e. Aug. 22, 1862, m. o. May 13, 1865. " 
 Standiford, DeWitt C., Knoxville, e. Aug. 22, 1862, m. o. June 2, 1865. 
 Thurman, Thomas, Elba, e. Aug. 22, 1862, m. o. June 17, 1865. 
 Thomas, G. W., Elba, e. Aug. 22, 1862, m. o. Aug. 15, 1865. 
 
 ;:.-'/'',.'.'' '. .'-.:':'. Recruits -\\ ''''-::.-'-'-'.,''',:'"'' -^ 
 
 Adams, J. W., Yates City, e. Dec. 29, 1863, m. o. Aug. 15, 1865. 
 Hamerick, J. D., Yates City, e. Dec. 25, 1863, m. o. June 17, 1865. 
 Lutkieweiz, J., Persifer, e. Feb. lo, 1865, m. o. Aug. 15, 1865. 
 
 "^ ;';.;.'-'/:'' "'' .. '.. COMPANY G ,'.-', ''; ^^ -'.; -X -.'-.'' 
 
 . ;-. . Wagoner - -^ . 
 
 Alderdice, Jacob, Eugene, e. August 6, 1862, m. o. July lo, 1864. 
 
 : / Privates " _' . "- '; .'' . , - 
 
 Collister, William, Eugene, e. Aug. 14, 1862, m. o. June 17, 1864. 
 Ensley, Joseph D., Truro, e. Aug. 14, 1862, m. o. July lo, 1865. 
 Ensley, Isaac, Truro, e. Aug. 14, 1862, m. o. July lo, 1865. 
 Fetters, J. H., Yates City, e. Aug. ii, 1862, m. o. July lo, 1865. 
 German, L. A., Truro, e. Aug. 6, 1862, m. o. July lo, 1865. 
 Jacques, H., Truro, e. Aug. 5, i86i. 
 Martin, Elias, Eugene, e. Aug. 12, 1862, reported died of wounds received 
 April 8, 1864. - / 
 
 Niles, A. B., Eugene, e. Aug. 5, 1862, pro. hos. steward. "> . 
 Tucker, S., Eugene, e. Aug. lO, 1862, disch. Feb. i8, 1863. 
 Hummel, Casper, Yates City. 
 Stewart, Robert H., Elba, e. Feb. 19, 1864, m. o. Aug. 15, 1865. 
 
1 i^ ;V\ X V , HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY ;' V-y 297 
 
 '; ' -:\: .-'^. .;'''..' ^ :;.yy-."-:.'^'ry y->- ';:; COMPANY I 
 V '^" y 'yy/;'.!. ; First Lieutenants ' _. ' ^ y'^ -iv';'?.v.--y r\ 
 yy yv>y Mathews, Thomas C., Salem, e. Aug. 14, 1862, pro. capt. m. o. Aug. 15, 1865. 
 .' - ' Hull, Abraham, Salem, e. Aug. 22, 1862, m. o. July lo, 1865. , . 
 
 vy., "' y^ yv^vy- ', : 'y - * ''^y.-:::;V .K; ;' f Privates "- yy-;"y- ' . y ; ' y'-.'v'' '-'^'^yr-^'y {' 
 
 . . y :'^ Anderson, L. D., Salem, e. Aug. 22, 1862, m. o. July lo, 1865. .- y yy-y-^ ; ;w>l 
 ''y Benton, R., Salem, e. Aug. 22, 1862. 
 : y Cox, Wm. M., Salem, e. Aug. 15, 1862, died at Benton Barracks, Mo., Feb. 
 
 yy; ^'jy 2, 1862. 
 
 yy j Dixon, Geo. M., Salem, e. Aug. 21, 1862, m. o. June 17, 1865. ':y ;.;.>:'). 
 ' y -y: : Finch, Geo. T., Salem, e. Aug. 14, 1862, m. o. July lo, 1865. ^'V^ 'y y; 
 
 : v> y- ; Hill, J. C., Salem, e. Aug. i8, 1862, m. o. July lO, 1865. ''^:/:' ^"--'f ,. 
 
 :. y.'y- y Hildebrandt, P. A., Elba, Aug. 14, 1862, disch. Aug. 19, 1863, ^is. 
 ; y . Hauler, Anthony, Salem, e. Aug. 20, 1862, died at Louisville, Ky., Jan. 3, 1863. 
 . /.Jordan, J. M., Salem, e. Aug. 22, 1862, m. o. July lo, 1865. 
 
 Keller, Henry, Salem, e. Aug. 15, 1862, died at Covington, Ky., Nov. 15, 1862. 
 ', ' . Matthews, John H., Salem, e. Aug. 14, 1862, trans, to V. R. C. 
 
 Moore, D. D., Salem, e. Aug. 14, 1862, died at Young's Pt., La., Feb. i, 1863. 
 Thurman, Alexander, Salem, e. Aug. 1 8, 1862, m. o. June 17, 1865. 
 y : .- yTorby, Thomas, Salem, e. Aug. 18,1862. .' y.y;y'y- : ' y. v. ; :.y;. y; 
 
 -.; :' ' ' '^ , . . Recruits - - ' ,_\-:-^,-^.^ 
 
 y , Dixon, J. W., Yates City, e. Dec. 23, 1863, disch. May ii, 1864, dis. ;- y vv.C 
 : . McRill, Samuel, Eugene, e. Dec. 24, 1863, m. o. Aug. 15, 1865. -' ' / 
 
 Null, S, C., Salem, e. Feb. 3, 1865, 'm. o. Aug. 15, 1865. y. . -y , ; >, 
 
 '< y ; Denton, F. F., Galesburg. .; , .; :;.; r-^.. , 'yy; o. ;y 
 
 ;^ y.- ? King, C., Eugene. y^'- -.'->^v'Y.'--'-? y^^'--'yy:/--' "' '^^ '^' yy.-:- -^v^^ 
 
 y - r'y - Morrissey, M., Galesburg. ' ''y/''yy>"y;'-y ;''-'-";;> y ; -"''v':''yyy'"-''-:^^; 
 
 ..vy.'''y- Murray, Walter, Galesburg. -y^y'-iy:' -yr-r^-yy.-yyi^y"-' ^.y :'y- yyr. V- y-; 
 
 ^./^ .; Martin, F. N., Wataga. -y''--; '"y '''" yy-'y':-yy'-; ' -^ - ~ ' '^':.- '-'-' 
 
 ':..'".- McAllister, H. S., Galesburg. yyy. C.- y'yy' ' ^ ^v^ 
 
 '.-. "-y^ Stevens, Samuel, Galesburg. y-^ y/ y-y-yy-^'--;'' y'-xV y : ''"' 'y--y.''yy''%'y 
 
 'y./y'- y^ ' ':-----.y';-:--'-.- '' .-v^^;- -J^';;-:' 830 INFANTRY '^ V'^V'' .'"''' '-:^''y':^^r;V^^";;' 
 y Was organized at Monmouth, 111., in August, 1862, by Col. A. C. Harding, 
 
 yyy*- and mustered in Aug. 21. Knox county furnished for the 83rd 416 men, repn 
 ; .. ' resented in five different companies. They moved from camp to Cairo, 111., 
 ;y . y, Aug. 25th, arriving there on the 29th, and reported to Brig.-Gen. Tuttle, Sept. 
 y 3rd. Moved to Fort Henry, and on the 5th, leaving two companies at Fort 
 
 Heiman and three at Fort Henry, was ordered to Fort Donelson, where the 
 
 yy headquarters remained during the year. Col. Low, 5th Iowa Cavalry, commanding 
 
 : brigade. The companies remaining behind afterwards rejoined the regiment, 
 
 ' ' and it remained at Fort Donelson until Sept. 20, 1863, when the right wing 
 
 moved to Clarksville. The whole country, especially the banks of the Tennessee 
 y: and Cumberland rivers, was infested with guerrillas ; the regiment had daily 
 yy/ skirmishes with the enemy; some of them were quite severe, as at Waverly, Tenn., 
 
298 
 
 HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY 
 
 and at Garretsburg, Ky., where the lamented Gen. Ransom then colonel of the 
 nth Illinois, had command. 
 
 On the 3rd of February, 1863, nine companies of the 83rd, with Company 
 C., 2nd Illinois Light Artillery, successfully resisted the attack of Forrest and 
 
 Wheeler, with 8,000 men. The battle lasted from half-past i o'clock till half- ;..- 
 
 past 8, p. m., when, the enemy was compelled to retire, with a loss of 800 killed - . 
 
 and wounded. The loss of the regiment was 13 killed and 51 wounded. Col. V;-' 
 
 Harding, was promoted to brigadier-general for gallant conduct on this occasion, ^ : , 
 
 and Lieut.-Col. A. A. Smith, to colonel, o ' .: /:.'.' 
 
 While at Clarksville the regiment was engaged in several expeditions under .-' 
 
 Maj.-Gen. L. H. Rosseau, in pursuit of Forrest and Wheeler, who were attempt- .--,; 
 
 ing the destruction of Ben. Sherman's communications. ;.. 
 
 During the year 1864, the regiment had some 200 miles of comrrtunication to 'v:;. 
 
 guard, and much heavy postal duty. During the winter of 1864-5, the 83rd was ^.y !; ..; 
 
 on postal duty at Nashville, Tenn. .'- ' ,Vv 
 
 Of the men furnished by Knox county, there were 30 died from various .;;':' 
 
 diseases, 6 killed and 3 wounded. On the 26th of June, 1865, the 83rd was -f .': 
 
 mustered out at Nashville, and moved for Chicago, Brevet-Brig.-Gen. Arthur ;' \ '': 
 A. Smith commanding, where it received pay and final discharge. . 
 
 '' Colonel 
 
 Smith, Arthur A., Galesburg, e. Aug. 21, 1862, pro. Brig.-Gen., m. o. June <} 
 
 26,1865. ' ' ' ^''''^ '''': '--^-^'i.^^ :/'.:'- ''':^^:^-:':-;- -'''::-:: 
 
 Lieutenant Colonel ; : ; . : 
 
 Brott, Elijah C., Knoxville, e. Sept. 30, 1862, m. o. June 26, 1865. 
 
 ' '- ; Quartermasters ' ' ; 
 
 Colton, John B., Galesburg, e. Aug. 21, 1862, pro. brig. q. m. 
 Bissell, Harmon D., Galesburg, kid. at Ft. Donelson, Feb. 3, 1863. 
 Snyder, Geo., res. Feb. 7, 1864. . : . . ;... -' 
 
 Sexton, Wm. H. m. o. June 26, 1865. .. : = ^i ,>.' ^ - 
 
 :'-'.-'';>'!' ; -.'.. '':';:' Surgeon. ....';'./ .v .; '^VV-'.-.^:^-'^-'-! .: 
 Cooper, Esaias S., Henderson, e. Nov. 14, 1862, m. o. June 26, 1865. 
 
 Second Assistant Surgeon ;' 
 
 Morris, Richard, Galesburg, e. Sept. 20, 1862, pro. surgeon iO3d regt. ,. 
 
 /-:.'.> ; . Sergeant Major .:-'/ ';'':.^ .. . 
 
 Hurd, Theodore H., Galesburg, e. 1862, disch. Feb. 3, 1863, dis. 
 
 ' '' ' Musician '' " 
 
 Nathaniel, Victoria, m. o. June 26, 1865. 
 
 ^'- .- COMPANY A ^-.L- \:<''A- ': 
 
 Ritchie, Adam C., Haw Creek, e. Jan. i8, m. o. Sept. 8, 1865. 
 
>; : " HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY ; ; ^ ,;; 290 
 
 ' '"' -'''''" COMPANY c '',"'. , /''K^.v'-';;;'-\--"'.^ 
 
 Stanley, F., Rio, e. Jan. 31, 1865, m. o. Sept. 8, 1865. ' : ;; \;7 
 
 Undersood, Don Pedro, Rio, e. March i6, 1865, m. o. Sept. 8, 1865. ; ' ' 
 
 COMPANY D . -r}^ '^' > 
 
 Whitcomb, L. S., Rio, e. Aug. 8, 1862, m. o. June 26, 1865. - .' ' . -; 
 
 Smith, E. F., Rio, e. Jan. 31, 1865, m. o. Sept. 8, 1865. ;. '; i;^ 
 
 Thomson, R. J., Henderson, e. Feb. 15, 1864. ; .:: . -v . 
 
 ''?';%: '_[:.:./::..:''''.. ::;';" ';.'. COMPANY E ,;:::-;;..'; / _ ',;''':"'.,' "T-v' ' 
 
 Captain 'f. : \;V:^ '. ',; 
 
 Gilson, James M., Knoxville, e. Aug. 21, 1862, m. o. June 26, 1865. .;.-.. 
 
 -j- ':':.:.'-..'::. \ ' .,-:'-i:,^-.:'-'- First Lieutenant .":V..'--' ; ' -'^ ,.;';..>-:,. ^ 
 Pierce, Erastus H., Knoxville, e. Aug. 21, 1862, m. o. June 26, 1865. ' ^ 
 
 Second Lieutenants ' '..- 
 
 '. ? '-..',.\ '. <'-;. 
 
 Parsons, John L., Galesburg, e. Aug. 12, 1862, res. Feb. i8, 1863. , -"r 
 
 Tate, Thomas B., Knoxville, e. Aug. 8, 1862, m. o. June 26, 1865. ' ^, ;> 
 
 Sergeants 
 
 West, David P. W., Knoxville, e. July 28, 1862, m. o. June 26, 1865. 
 Lowther, William S., Knoxville, e. July 25, 1862, disch. Jan. 12, 1863, 
 Chillison, Alexander R., Galesburg, e. Aug. 5, 1862, m. o. June 26, 1865. i/- 
 Anderson, John P., Knoxville, e. Aug. 2, 1862, disch. June 24, 1863, dis. > . 
 
 '''..: ;'/: .'::''-.-'' ; v^;i-;-.r; .' \ - ' - '';' ;.-..::-, /.-^- 
 
 Corporals ...... -..'> 
 
 Arnold, Nathan S., Rio, e. Aug. 2, 1862, disch. Jan. 24, 1863, dis. ;: 
 Huntington, R. R., Rio, e. July 31, 1862, disch. Jan. 9, 1863, wounds. . . 
 Lindsey, Hugh M., Knoxville, e. Aug. 2, 1862, disch. July 19, 1863, dis. '-; 
 Henderson, James, Wataga, e. Aug. 2, 1862, m. o. June 26, 1865. ..'.: 
 
 Hall, Ashton, Copley, e. Aug. 5, 1862, died at Ft. Donelson, April lo, 1863. ': 
 Campbell, E., Knoxville, e. Aug. 6, 1862, m. o. June 26, 1865, as sergt. 
 Lewis, Andrew, Knoxville, e. Aug. 5, 1862, m. o. June 26, 1865. ' :- . 
 
 Huffmire, James, Knoxville, e. July 31, 1862, disch. Jan. 24, 1863, dis. -'. 
 
 Privates ' ' '' '" ..... ' "i;. '-":'.:-;' .5 '- 
 
 Anderson, A., Victoria, e. July 31, 1862, m. o. June 26, 1862, wd. ' ' - 
 Buck, Wm. H., Knoxville, July 25, 1862, kid. at Ft. Donelson, Feb. 3, 1864. 
 Borrill, Robert, Abingdon, e. July 28, 1862, m. o. June 26, 1865. ..,.>,-. 
 Bruce, Wm. M., Knoxville, e. July 31, 1862, disch. July 3, 1863, dis. '/. 
 
 Barrett, Moses, Copley, e. Aug. 2, 1862, m. o. June 26, 1865. . K- 
 
 Baird, C., Ontario, e. Aug. 5, 1862, m. o. June 26, 1865. '' , 
 
 Blair, Anthony, Persifer, e. Aug. 5, 1862, disch. Jan. 26, 1863, dis. . -. .^. 
 Bratt, Carlos, Victoria, e. Aug. 6, 1862, m. o. June 26, 1865. '^' ':', 
 
 Bradford, Wm. H., Haw Creek, e. Aug. ii, 1862, m. o. June 26, 1865. ". 
 
 ' j. ' x' '.- . 
 
300 
 
 HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY 
 
 Carroll, Samuel, Knoxville, e. July 25, 1862, died at Ft. Donelson, April 
 29, 1864. 
 
 Chase, W. B., Orange, e. July 31, 1862, died at Ft. Donelson, June 17, 1863. 
 
 Collison, N. A., Victoria, e. July 25, 1862, m. o. June 26, 1865. 
 
 Cheesman, S., Knoxville, e. July 25, 1862, disch. March 23, 1863, dis. . : ^; 
 
 Cronnoble, Geo. W., Haw Creek, e. Aug. 2, 1862, m. o. June 26, 1865. ;' 
 
 Case, Cortes, Knoxville, e. Aug. 2, 1862, m. o. June 26, 1865. 
 
 Curry, Geo. A., Knox county. 
 
 Crump, Seth, Knoxville, e. Aug. 6, 1862, m. o. June 26, 1865. 
 
 Coe, C. B., Center Point, e. Aug. 7, 1862, m. o. June 26, 1865, as corpl. 
 
 Cover, Wm. M., Knoxville, e. Aug. ii, 1862, m. o. June 26, 1865. - 
 
 Donelly, Andrew, Knoxville, e. Aug. 5, 1862, m. o. June 26, 1865. 
 
 Dyer, R., Knoxville, e. Aug. 5, 1862, disch. June 4, 1865, dis. 
 
 Eason, Andrew, Ontario,, e. July 31, 1862, disch. June 4, 1864. 
 
 Flynn, Wm., Persifer, e. July 31, 1862, m. o. June 26, 1865. 
 : Fitch, Amos S., Rio, e. Aug. 8, 1862, disch. March 15, 1865, dis. 
 
 Gump, N. H., Gilson, e. July 31, 1862, disch. Sept. i8, 1863, dis. 
 
 Goodman, A., Orange, e. July 31, m. o. June 26, 1865, as corpl. 
 Goodman, John, Galesburg, e. July 31, 1862, m. o. June 26, 1865, as corpl. 
 
 Gillis, T. S., Rio, e. Aug. 2, 1862, m. o. June 26, 1865, as corpl. 
 
 Green, J. D., Persifer, e. Aug. 5, 1862, m. o. June 26, 1865. 
 
 Glenn, B. C., Center Pt., e. Aug. 7, 1862, drowned April 20, 1865. 
 
 Gordon, T. J., Persifer, e. Aug. 5, 1862, m. o. June 26, 1865. ; 
 
 Hearn, I. R., Chestnut, e. July 31, 1862, disch. June 3, 1864, dis. . 
 
 Haptonstall, Wm., Persifer, e. Aug. 2, 1862, disch. Feb. i6, 1865, dis. ; 
 
 Harmon, Geo., Ontario, e. Aug. 5, 1862, m. o. June 26, 1865. :.-'.; 
 
 Haynes, Edward, Orange, e. Aug. 5, 1862, m. o. June 26, 1865. 1 
 
 Hunks, Geo. P., Knoxville, e. Aug. 6, 1862, died at Paducah, Ky., Nov. 
 27, 1862. 
 
 Heath, S. F., Center Pt., e. Aug. 7, 1862, m. o. June 26, 1865. 
 
 Huflmire, Geo. E., Orange, e. Aug. 5, 1862, m. o. June 26, 1865. 
 
 Hulburt, Lyman B., Maquon, e. Aug. 5, 1862, m. o. June 26, 1865. 
 
 Hummell, John, Knoxville, e. Aug. 5, 1862, m. o. June 26, 1865. 
 
 Hughes, R., Haw Creek, e. July 31, 1862, m. o. June 26, 1865. 
 : Johnson, J. H., Knoxville, e. Aug. 5, 1862, m. o. June 26, 1865. 
 
 Jacoby, J. W., Orange, e. Aug. 8, 1862, m. o. June 26, 1865. 
 
 Johnson, Swen, Knoxville, e. Aug. 5, 1862, m. o. June 26, 1865. 
 
 Lopeman, L. S., Maquon, e. July 31, 1862, m. o. June 26, 1865. 
 
 Lopeman, M. D., Maquon, e. July 31, 1862, m. o. June 26, 1865. 
 
 Lander, J. O., Knoxville, e. Aug. 5, 1862, m. o. June 26, 1865. 
 
 Lockbaum, Samuel, Knoxville, e. Aug. 4, 1862, died at Paducah, Ky., Oct. 
 12, 1862. 
 
 Melton, H., Ontario, e. Aug. 6, 1862, disch. Sept. i8, 1863, dis. \ 
 
 Murray, T., Walnut Grove, m. o. June 26, 1865. 
 
 Massey, F. M., Orange, e. Aug. 6, 1862, m. o. June 26, 1865. 
 
 Mattison, Swen, Knoxville, e. Aug. 2, 1862, m. o. June 26, 1865. 
 
 Moore, Geo. B., Center Point, e. Aug. 7, 1862, m. o. June 26, 1865. . 
 
 Mitchell, R. H., Copley, e. Aug. 5, 1862, m. o. June 26, 1865. 
 
.,:v;V: ..('::, HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY . \ V 301 ^-. 
 
 > Mcllwain, Wm. B., Persifer, e. Aug. 5, 1862, m. o. June 26, 1865, as corpl. ' Vi 
 ;. Price, James, Knoxville, e. July 25, 1862, disch. June 17, 1863, dis. . ..,:::ri ': 
 
 Penn, Wm., Knoxville, e. July 24, 1862, m. o. June 21, 1865. ' ;; "; : 
 
 ' V; Peterson, Peter, Knoxville, e. July 31, 1862, disch. July 3, 1863, dis. ' ". 
 ' Peterson, Peter, Knoxville, e. July 26, 1862, died at Ft. Donelson, Nov. ; 
 12, 1862. :v ;- :.^v. . ' ':: ' 
 
 Phillips, Edwin, Persifer, e. Aug. 2,'i862, m. o. June 26, 1865. V ' v ' v 
 . Price, Robert H., Knoxville, e. Aug. 2, 1862, m. o. June 26, 1865. ' : ' 
 
 : Pickrel, J. W., Gilson, e. Aug. 5, 1862, kid. by guerrillas, Sept. i8, 1863. ' ^X . 
 
 Rynear, H., Persifer, e. Aug. 2, 1862, m. o. June 26, 1865. --.;.;- ^^^^ ^.;.' 
 ' ' Russell, Warren, Persifer, e. Aug. 2, 1862, disch. Jan. 21, 1865, dis. V! . ' 
 
 ;' Richardson, J. M., Knoxville, e. Aug. 2, 1862, disch. March 13, 1863, dis. ':-\^'':~ 
 
 Stogdell, R. A., Haw Creek, e. Aug. 2, 1862, m. o. June 26, 1865. '' 
 
 Sypherd, J. M., Knoxville, e. Aug. 5, 1862, m. o. June 26, 1865, as sergt. . . 
 Scott, J. W., Knoxville, e. Aug. ii, 1862, died at Paducah, Ky., Oct. 6, 1862. 
 Shaw, C. G., Knoxville, e. July 24, 1862, m. o. June 26, 1865, as ist. sergt. ^' 
 Strine, S. G., Haw Creek, e. Aug. 6, 1862, m. o. June 26, 1865. :' : 
 Stevens, C. W., Knoxville, e. July 31, 1862, m. o. June 26, 1865, as sergt.,-'/-;: . 
 Stevenson, Swen, Knoxville, e. Aug. 5, 1862, m. o. June 21, 1865. - ' :. 
 
 r Stancliff, Wm. H., Center Point, e. Aug. 7, 1862, disch. Nov. 19, 1863, dis. r.. ''v 
 Villier, O., Victoria, e. Aug. 5, 1862, m. o. June 26, 1865. . -.,6. 
 
 - Vorge, R. A., Gilson, e. Aug. 6, 1862, m. o. June 26, 1865. ' ' ; ;; !;;;. 
 : . Van Orman, H., Knoxville, e. Aug. 7, 1862, disch. April 27, 1864, dis. ^vv'-/' vSvv 
 .' Webb, Valentine C., Knoxville, e. Aug. 8, 1862, m. o. June 26, 1865, as corpl. : 
 
 Wallace, J. M., Knoxville, e. Aug. 5, 1862, m. o. June 26, 1865, as corpl. , ;' ^ 
 , Wallick, James O., Persifer, e. Aug. 7, 1862, m. o. June 26, 1865. :;'-'., 
 
 -'; Wright, Cyrus, Lynn, e. Aug. 2, 1862, disch. Feb. 25, 1864, dis. ^^ - ; ., 
 
 - Wolf, Alfred P., Haw Creek, e. Aug. 5, 1862, kid. by guerrillas, Sept. i8, 1863. : '^ 
 Wetmore, C. B., Ontario, e. Aug. 5, 1862, disch. April 13, 1863, wounds. ... 
 Woolsey, James, Knoxville, e. Aug. i, 1862, m. o. June 24, 1865. ..:;'-.. 
 Wilt, Henry, Knoxville, e. Aug. 7, 1862, m. o. June 26, 1865. . ';V ' 
 
 ''.^ ''' :'::'' ']; '.j.: ': Recruits ''.''"' .'' '.''.-'.''''-' ''.''"' 
 
 Brown, J. F., e. April i, 1863, m. o. Sept. 8, 1865. ;:,": 
 Burnett, J. E., Henderson, e. Dec. 28, 1863, m. o. Sept. 8, 1865. i. ."',:.'.. 
 
 ; Benson, H., Persifer, e. Jan. 4, 1864, m. o. Sept. 8, 1865. v ^ ^. ": 
 
 Benson, H. K., Persifer, e. Feb. lo, 1865, m. o. Sept. 8, 1865. . \V .: : ' 
 
 ^^ Castle, R. A., Cedar, e. Dec. 28, 1863, m. o. Sept. 8, 1865. :^' - :-> v / 
 
 ' Dailey, L. A., Rio, m. o. June 26, 1865. ..-.-. 
 
 Flynn, Benj., Persifer, e. March 12, 1864, kid. by guerrillas at White Oak,. ... r 
 Tenn., April i, 1865. :'"- ;'\ ,-.::,;. 
 
 Holcomb, Ola W., Sparta, e. Dec. 28, 1863, disch. May 28, 1865, dis. ; I : 
 Henry, Wm. Sparta, e. Dec. 28, 1863, m. o. Sept. 8, 1865. . . Vi. 
 
 \ Howe, Wm., Haw Creek, e. Jan. 19, 1865, m. o. Sept. 8, 1865. .; . .^^ ;/ 
 V Massie, Eli P., Knoxville, e. Nov. 23, 1863, m. o. Sept. 8, 1865. >: '- . V^ 
 
 ;/ Mitchell, A. W., Knoxville, e. March 12, 1864, m. o. Sept. 8, 1865. ; v'\ :V ^ J 
 
 - Mattson, O. P., Abingdon, e. Jan. 5, 1864, m. o. Sept. 8, 1865. ''.';';: 
 : Mattson, C. W., Abingdon, e. Jan. 4, 1864, disch. June 4, 1865, dis. ::..'... 
 
302 HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY ; 
 
 Parkins, Levan A., Persifer, e. March i6, 1862, disch. March 21, 1865. 
 Ramp, David, Haw Creek, e. Feb. 25, 1864, m. o. Sept. 8, 1865. 
 Wilcox, N. G., Knoxville, e. Nov. 30, 1863, m. o. Sept. 8, 1865, as corpl. 
 Zimmerman, N., Persifer, e. Feb. lo, 1865, pro. q. m. sergt. 
 
 .V'::;,'^ ;'': ;; . COMPANY G '''."'; vT-^''' '!':''';,' 
 
 Captain '" " " . ' 
 Hammick, John G., Maquon, e. Aug. 21, 1862, m. o. June 26, 1865. 
 
 -,^: ; - First Lieutenants < '-. 
 
 Jones, Horace, Maquon, e. Aug. 21, 1862, res. Nov. ii, 1863. 
 Jones, John, Salem, e. Aug. 21, 1862. 
 
 ^^s;'- Second Lieutenants ' ' '-.; ^ 
 
 Morton, John, Maquon, e. Aug. 7, 1862, died June 19, 1864. ; 
 
 Hughes, Clark B., Maquon, e. Aug. 6, 1862, m. o. June 26, 1865. 
 
 " Sergeants ... 
 
 Jones, William, Knox Co., e. Aug. 9, 1862, pro. in i6th U. S. C. troops. 
 Cleveland, Rufus, Yates City, e. Aug. 7, 1762, disch. Sept. 26, 1863, dis. 
 Davis, William, Maquon, e. Aug. 6, 1862, m. o. June 26, 1865. 
 
 ~- Corporals ' "' ' 
 
 Williams, John, Maquon, e. Aug. 8, 1862, disch. Dec. 22, 1862, dis. 
 Woods, Joseph D., Maquon, e. Aug. 7, 1862, disch. Aug. 20, 1863, dis. 
 Geer, Anson C., Salem, e. Aug. lo, 1862, m. o. June 26, 1865, sergt. 
 Long, Charles S., Maquon, e. Aug. 9, 1862, m. o. June 26, 1865. 
 Onderkirk, P., Maquon, e. Aug. lo, 1862, disch. Dec. 22, 1862, dis. 
 Buffum, Austin W., Salem, e. Aug. lo, 1862, m. o. June 26, 1865. 
 
 Wagoner 
 Crabill, Samuel W., Maquon, e. Aug. 6, 1862, m. o. June 26, 1865. 
 
 , \ = k',' '' . '. ., ' Privates /,'/'.'-;:':":' ''.^'^:''V; -!'-'; 'I ',-;. ^ 
 
 Aldrich, I. H., Maquon, e. Aug. 7, 1862, disch. Aug. 15, 1863, dis. 
 
 Atwood, C. L., Salem, e. Aug. lo, 1862, died at Fort Donelson, Oct. 24, 1862. 
 
 Bartlett, David, Maquon, e. Aug. 9, 1862, m. o. June 26, 1865, sergt. 
 
 Beeson, Wm. H., Salem, e. Aug. lo, 1862, m. o. June 26, 1865, sergt. 
 
 Bencher, John, Yates City, e. Aug. 9, 1862, m. o. June 26, 1865.;' 
 
 Boden, M. M., Salem, e. Aug. 9, 1862, m. o. June 26, 1865. 
 
 Brown, Peter, Maquon, e. Aug. ii, 1862, disch. Dec. 22, 1862, dis. .. 
 
 Buckley, N., Salem, e. Aug. ii, 1862, m. o. June 26, 1865. 
 
 Buckman, C. F., Yates City, e. Aug. 9, 1862, m. o. June 26, 1865, corpl. < 
 ; Buffman, J. W., Salem, e. Aug. lo, 1862, absent sick at m. o. regt. | . . 
 
 Bissell, H. D. ':v 
 
 Crowman, H. W., Salem, e. Aug. 15, 1862, m. o. June 26, 1865, sergt ; - 
 
:K;;; ;: ^;.: : /" HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY -/-;:^;^V^ 803 
 
 Cox, I. L., Salem, e. Aug. 15, 1862, disch. June 4, 1864, dis., corpl. . ^ -. . 
 Casler, Edward, Salem, e. Aug. lo, 1862, m. o. June 26, 1865. - .; v - ? '; 
 Collins, H. A., Salem, e. Aug. lo, 1862, m. o. June 26, 1865. ;;.,;.v.:'.i:*'' %': 
 Conlon, Owen, Maquon, e. Aug. lo, 1862, m. o. June 26, 1865. '^ -';;; 
 Cowman, D. F., Salem, e. Aug. lo, 1862, m. o. June 26, 1865, as corpL ^/: ! 
 Cox, H. S., Salem, e. Aug. lo, 1862, m. o. June 26, 1865. ;.,'-. 
 
 Collimane, M., Maquon, e. Aug. 6, 1862, m. o. June 26, 1865, corpl. :..;.../ 
 Dalton, S., Maquon, e. Aug. 7, 1862, m. o. June 26, 1865. ;;,:- 
 
 Dorn, Jacob, Salem, e. Aug. ii, 1862, m. o. June 26, 1865. - : '^ 
 
 Finney, Thomas T., Orange, e. Aug. 7, 1862, disch. Jan. 24, 1863, dis. . 
 
 Grim, Jonathan, Sale, e. Aug. 15, 1862, m. o. June 26, 1865. . ,.:;;?; 
 Gabriel, Wm., Maquon, e. Aug. lo, 1862, m. o. June 26, 1865. ';,'.:/-;. 
 Golliday, Geo. W., Salem, e. Aug. lo, 1862, m. o. June 26, 1865. ;;;;.. - 
 Gray, J. M., Maquon, e. Aug. 9, 1862, disch. Dec. 20, 1864, dis. '.;-';;' ',^' - 
 Grigsby, T. S., Salem, e. Aug. lo, 1862, m. o. June 26, 1865. ; - 
 Gunsanlis, J. B., Salem, e. Aug. lo, 1862, m. o. June 26, 1865. "^.:;''. : ;; '- 
 Hehir, James, Salem, e. Aug. 9, 1862, m. o. June 26, 1865. /' ; ::': 
 
 Holloway, J. E., Salem, e. Aug. 9, 1862, m. o. June 26, 1865. '.;:... 
 Horton, F. S., Chestnut, e. Aug. ii, 1862, m. o. June 26, 1865. ^ - ,.;..' 
 Hunter, Benj., Salem, e. Aug. 5, 1862, disch. Jan. 4, 1863, dis, . '. 
 
 Ingham, Z. W., Salem, e. Aug. lo, 1862, m. o. June 26, 1865. , > . .- 
 Jobes, W. W., Salem, e. Aug. ii, 1862, absent, sick at m. o. regt. :;' , : 
 Jones, L. K., Maquon, e. Aug. ii, 1862, m. o. June 26, 1865. ,:V- ;<;;;=:-.. 
 
 Jones, W. O., Orange, e. Aug. 8, 1862, m. o. June 26, 1865. :..;-....;<.; 
 Leland, James, Maquon, e. Aug. 7, 1862, m. o. June 26, 1865. ' ',;',: 
 Lewis, W. A., Haw Creek, e. Aug. 7, 1862, m. o. June 26, 1865. .-.,',:,;-. 
 McCoy, Allen, Salem, e. Aug. 6, 1862, m. o. June 26, 1865. ;<',-;.., 
 
 McCoy, R., Salem, e. Aug. 9, 1862, m. o. June 26, 1865. ; : ^; , './ ^::' -', 
 Milam, James, Maquon, e. Aug 8, 1862, drowned Oct. 19, 1864. '"':.. '^ 
 Mitchell, W. F., Salem, e. Aug. lo, 1862, m. o. June 26, 1865. -JC ; . : , 
 Moore, H. H., Maquon, Aug. 9, 1862, m. o. June 26, 1865. : ;. 
 
 Morehead, D. B., Maquon, e. Aug. 9, 1862, m. o. June 26, 1865. /''<; 
 Murphy, Michael, Maquon, e. Aug. lo, 1862, m. o. June 26, 1865. V.;; ; . 
 Morse, N. B., Maquon, e. Aug. 6, 1862, m. o. June 26, 1865, ist sergt. - X; 
 McMannan, G. B., Maquon, e. Aug. 9, 1862, disch. May 29, 1865, dis. . J v? 
 McCullock, Wm., Maquon, e. Aug. ii, 1862, m. o. June 26, 1865. ' : , 
 O'Neal, Cornelius, Maquon, e. Aug. 9, 1862, disch. May 15, 1864, dis. 
 Reibstock, James, Haw Creek, e. Aug. lo, 1862, pro. in 8th U. S. C. H. art. 
 Richmond, Seth, Haw Creek, e. Aug. 8, 1862, m. o. June 26, 1865, corpl. 
 Rooth, R. M., Salem, e. Aug. 7, 1862, m. o. June 26, 1865. i; 
 
 Roberts, A. J., Maquon, e. Aug. 7, 1862, m. o. June 26, 1865. . ':' 
 
 Roberts, J. W., Maquon, e. Aug. 7, 1862, disch. Jan. 24, 1863, dis. T y. 
 Rozer, Peter, Yates City, e. Aug. 7, 1862, m. o. June 26, 1865. ' , ; 
 Runnion, Isaac', Salem, e. Aug. lo, 1862, absent, sick at m. o. regt. . :' 
 Runnion, W., Salem, e. Aug. 9, 1862, m. o. June 26, 1865. j; 
 
 Scott, Wm. B., Haw Creek, e. Aug. lo, 1862, m. o. June 26, 1865, corpl. .;' 
 Shafer, J. J., Maquon, e. Aug. 6, 1862, m. o. June 26, 1865. . , 
 
804 HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY . , X 
 
 Simkins, Wm. W., Salem, e. Aug. 7, 1862. . ' y ;. 
 
 Spalding, J. T., Salem, e. Aug. lo, 1862, m. o. June 26, 1865. v 
 Stargell, J. H., Haw Creek, e. Aug. lo, 1862, m. o. June 26, 1865. 
 Stanton, John, Maquon, e. Aug. 6, 1862, m. o. June 26, 1865. 
 Sutton, John, Salem, e. Aug. 9, 1862, disch. June lo, 1863, dis. 
 Simkins, G. W., Maquon, e. Aug. 7, 1862, m. o. June 26, 1865. .: 
 
 Simkins, J., Haw Creek, e. Aug. 9, 1862. -; t 
 
 Taylor, F., Salem, e. Aug. ii, 1862, m. o. June 26, 1865. 
 Thurman, G. W., Maquon, e. Aug. 7, 1862, m. o. June 26, 1865. 
 Thurman, Jas., Maquon, e. Aug. lo, 1862, m. o. June 26, 1865. 
 
 :' Thurman, P., Maquon, e. Aug. 9, 1862, m. o. June 26, 1865. -; 
 
 'Timmons, D. W., Salem, e. Aug. ii, 1862, disch. Jan. 24, 1863, dis. 
 Welker, J., Chestnut, e. Aug. ii, 1862, disch. Jan. 24, 1863, dis. 
 
 , Westfield, C., Maquon, e. Aug. 6, 1862, disch. July 19, 1863, dis. 
 White, A. J., Galesburg, e. Aug. 5, 1862, m. o. June 26, 1865. 
 
 . , Recruits 
 
 Bechamp, Wm. H., Maquon, e. Dec. 28, 1863, m. o. Sept. 8, 1865, corpl. 
 
 Bumbarger, Peter, Salem, Feb. 3, 1865, m. o. Sept. 8, 1865. 
 
 Crabell, J., Salem, e. Feb. 3, 1865, m. o. Sept. 8, 1865. ./ :, 
 
 Cowman, J., Salem, e. Feb. 3, 1865, m. o. Sept. 8, 1865. 
 
 Combs, J. T., Maquon, e. Feb. 17, 1865, m. o. Sept. 8. 1865, corpl. 
 
 Darnell, Geo., Maquon, e. Dec. 28, 1863, m. o. Sept. 8, 1865. 
 
 Darnell, James, Maquon, e. Feb. 17, 1865, trans, to Co. G., 6ist Inf. 
 
 Dalton, Wm., Elba, e. Jan. i8, 1863, m. o. Sept. 8, 1865. . *: |. j 
 
 Dalton, Lewis, Elba, e. Jan. i8, 1863, m. o. Sept. 8, 1865. 
 
 George, Wm. A., Knoxville, e. Nov. 9, 1863, m. o. Sept. 8, 1865, as corpl. 
 
 Hilligrass, G., Salem, e. Jan. 19, 1865, m. o. Sept. 8, 1865. 
 ; Hilligrass, Wm., Salem, e. Jan. 21, 1865, m. o. Sept. 8, 1865. / . 
 . Holloway, J., Salem, e. Feb. 3, 1865, m. o. Sept. 8, 1865. . 
 
 Haines, John, Ontario, e. Feb. 6, 1865, m. o. Sept. 8, 1865. '/-:; 
 f Hamilton, L. ' ' 
 
 Moore, St. Claire, Maquon, e. Dec. 28, 1863, m. o. Sept. 8, 1865. 
 
 Morse, J. C., Maquon, e. March 15, 1864, m. o. Sept. 8, 1865. ^ 
 ^ Morehead, Wm., Maquon, e. Feb. 2, 1864, m. o. Sept. 8, 1865. 
 
 Ouderkirk, W., Haw Creek, e. Feb. 13, 1865, m. o. Sept. 8, 1865. 
 ' Pickenpaugh, Wm., Maquon, e. Feb. 17, 1865, m. o. Sept. 8, 1865. 
 
 Roath, B. M., Salem, m. o. June 26, 1865. , 
 
 Stephenson, A., Haw Creek, e. Feb. 13. 1865, m. o. Sept. 8, 1865. 
 
 Thurman, J. H., Maquon, e. Dec. 28, 1863, died at Louisville, Ky., Sept. 
 26, 1864. 
 
 -- . . '-.-. COMPANY I :/ ~--. ;''/ ;.,'^-V- :'.,.; 
 
 '^''" Captain ' , . 
 
 Dawley, Joseph B., Abingdon, e. Aug. 21, 1862, m. o. June 26, 1865. 
 
: j;- - HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY : ;v: 306 ' 
 
 First Lieutenants - : , , ,., 
 
 Shoop, Daniel D., Abingdon, e. Aug. 21, 1862, res. Feb. 14, 1863. ;':.'.:'.;'.' ^, 
 Latime, Wm. G., Abingdon, e. Aug. 21, 1862, m, o. June 26, 1865. / ; ^V : 
 
 .,:v '; :':'.. Vv;-.'' Second Lieutenants ''''^'^^'.y-':-'--''--'-''^'-- ,'''" 
 
 Shrader, Wm. W., Abingdon, e. March 20, 1863, m. o. June 26, 1865. ^/.' ;: . ;' 
 
 ;;'-''"''*' r ''-"' " ''^'" --^ ' Sergeants . ^""-'''' '^ ' "'/' '"'>i"f,;'/'^N'^'-:.-. > 
 Mann, James M., Abingdon, e. July i6, 1862, pro. lieut. 3d. Mo. Inf. . 
 
 Gillett, Andrew J., Abingdon, e. Aug. 6, 1862, m. o. June 26, 1865, ist. sergt. 5 . : 
 
 '; Gwinn, Robert, T., Abingdon, e. Aug. 7, 1862, pro. lieut. 3d Mo. Inf. ..- .^- : ! ' 
 McCord, Henry, Abingdon, e. Aug. 6. 1862, m. o. June 26, 1865. '" .:-/;. 
 
 . - -v i'':^r- / -- ' ;^.. ;;> ,-'--.'.. Corporals :. ';<" '^-r^.:- ' . - "'; :.'v-\.;; .'; '-;.-";/ 
 Evans, Albert, Abingdon, e. Aug. 7, 1862, detached as lieut. ii6th U. S. 
 
 C. troops. V^^ 
 
 Freeman, James H., Abingdon, e. Aug. 6, 1862, died at Fort Donelson, Nov. . - 
 
 28, 1862. ' 
 
 Russell, James W., Abingdon, e. Aug. ii, 1862, com. in vol. ser. T- i.-. ./-.. 
 Veatch, Wm. M., Abingdon, e. Aug. 6, 1862, m. o. June 24, 1865, as sergt. 
 
 ; Hearst, Wm., Abingdon, e. Aug. 6, 1862, m. o. June 26, 1865, as sergt. . .. : . 
 Dowries, Joseph M., Abingdon, e. Aug. 7, 1862, disch. Jan. 24, 1863, dis. /,.">' 
 Coleman, John A., Abingdon, e. Aug. 7, 1862, disch. Feb. 3, 1864, wounds. - . ' 
 Cochran, J. J., Abingdon, e. Aug. ii, 1862, m. o. June 26, 1865, as sergt. -...: 
 
 . ' ' ' ' ' " ' '' Musicians ' '" " " xV' /^' '-^^ ''-:>'.'/.; 
 
 -,** ' ' , '}' ' . - 
 
 .; Flecker, Wm. J., Abingdon, e. Aug. 7, 1862, m. o. June 26, 1865. " ; : ^ . 
 
 Walkup, Christopher, Abingdon, e. Aug. ii, 1862, died at Fort Donelson, ',' 
 Oct. 4, 1862. :..,./.;/.:.. ,.;;'-';;:: ::.'v'-:- ;;:. ';,v' ''-..'': v;;/. ..;. , ,'.-,- ;.::';-.:..' i"^. -'' '.-.v 
 
 -^-; .- -i- -'-.-- ,/...'.: . - ; Wagoner '- '^ ' ' ' -''V^' '^;^ .r:'';Cr--.'' 
 
 Garver, James, Abingdon, e. Aug. 6, 1862, disch. Jan, 9, 1863, dis. : / r - :Vr 
 
 * ' "" . .- . ' . - ' . ' '."'' - i X r"' '.'---'' V '.' .."- : .: ., . - , '' ': . ' .,' , .' ' . . '-. , . 
 
 . " .' j' ;-'-,. .. :-'-.-'.,-''"-.. : '.,...,'*.'.',--' T' . .-, V- -.'' -.^ -.'-*'--.-.. 
 
 '..'':' ^\'-.:-'^-v/' ;i-- 'V.;-'^'6 v'.-'.:V. Privates ;;:"';;' :,;_:---'7v ;''Vv''.' ?>''.. V;- 
 
 Adkins, Vinton, Hermon, e. Aug. 8, 1862, m. o. June 26, 1865. , ~ 'x: ' 
 Adkins, M. C., Hermon, e. Aug. 8, 1862, m. o. June 26, 1865. -/y . ' . .: . 
 Adkins, C. J., Hermon, e. Aug. ii, 1862, m. o. June 26, 1865. .:;- 
 Blair, Wm. W., Abingdon, e. Aug. 6, 1862, m. o. June 26, 1865. ;. ! v^'. 
 Baldwin, T. J., Abingdon, e. Aug. 7, 1862, disch. Dec. 19, 1862, dis. -."-:;' v 
 
 ' Brunson, Esty, Wataga, e. Aug. 5, 1862, m. o. June 26, 1865. '^' ;' -: 
 Beers, Frederick J., Abingdon, e. Aug. 9, 1862, disch. Jan. 3, 1863, dis. ;'; . . ; 
 
 Burton, A., Hermon, e. Aug. 8, 1862, m. o. June 26, 1865. . v 
 
 V Brawn, D. F., Abingdon, e. Aug. 12, 1862, m. o. June 26, 1865. ;;./,->; 
 
 Clark, J. C., Abingdon, e. Aug. 6, 1862, disch. Dec. 5, 1863, dis. ,.';-.: 
 
 Collison, J. B., Abingdon, e. Aug. 6, 1862, m. o. June 26, 1865. xi :V .; '. . . 
 Canen, Allen, Abingdon, e. Aug. 7, 1862, m. o. June 26, 1865. >' v }> 
 
 TI f SO I " 
 
306 
 
 HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY 
 
 Crawford, J. L., Abingdon, e. Aug. 7, 1862, m. o. June 26, 1865, as corpl. 
 
 Chapman, D, L., Abingdon, e. Aug. 7, 1862, m, o. June 26, 1865. 
 
 Camp, J. M., Abingdon, e. Aug. 8, 1862, m. o. June 26, 1865. 
 
 Cochran, Asbury, Abingdon, e. Aug. 8, 1862, m. o. June 26, 1865. 
 
 Cochran, Milton, Abingdon, e. Aug. 9, 1862, m. o. June 26, 1865. ; 
 
 Chaffee, T. L. D., Abingdon, e. Aug. 9, 1862, disch. March 15, 1863, dis. 
 
 Cambridge, John, Abingdon, e. Aug. 9, 1862, m. o. June 26, 1865. 
 
 Diefenderfer, A., Abingdon, e. Aug. 7, 1862, m. o. June 26, 1865. iS. ; 
 
 Diven, Geo. W., Abingdon, e. Aug. 8, 1862, drowned Aug. 20, 1863. : .' 
 
 Edmonson, J. R., Abingdon, e. Aug. 8, 1862, killed at Fort Donelson, Feb. 
 3, 1863. 
 
 Graham, D. N., Abingdon, e. Aug. 15, 1862, m. o. June 26, 1865, as corpl. 
 
 Hewitt, David, Abingdon. 
 \ Herriott, A. C., Abingdon, e. Aug. 7, 1862. , ;;' '^ ;- ' f^^ 1 ; '-. 
 
 Hawkins, Benj. F., Abingdon, e. Aug. ii, 1862, disch. Dec. 13, 1862, dis. 
 
 Hale, J. R., Abingdon, e. Aug. ii, 1862, m. o. June 26, 1865. 
 
 Hibbs, R. J., Abingdon, e. Aug. 12, 1862, disch. Jan. 24, 1863, dis. , 
 
 Hood, U. H., Abingdon, e. Aug. 7, 1862, m. o. June 26, 1865. 
 
 Jones, Elliott, Abingdon, e. Aug. ii, 1862, m. o. June 26, 1865. 
 
 Latimer, J. A., Abingdon, e. Aug. 21, 1862, m. o. June 26, 1865, as corpl. 
 
 Myers, A. H., Maquon, e. Aug. 20, 1862, m. o. June 26, 1865. 
 
 Myers, I. F., Abingdon, e. Aug. 9, 1862, m. o. June 26, 1865. 
 
 Miller, Eli, Abingdon, Aug. 9, 1862, m. o. June 26, 1865. ; 
 
 McNamer, C. W., Abingdon, e. Aug. 8, 1862, m. o. June 26, 1865. / 
 
 McCarty, J., Abingdon, e. Aug. 6, 1862, disch. March 13, 1864, dis. . :- ; 
 
 Maxwell, W. P., Abingdon, e. Aug. 9, 1862, m. o. June 26, 1865. : 1 
 
 Miller, Doctor B., Abingdon, e. Aug. 8, 1862, m. o. June 26, 1865, dis. ' ; 
 
 Morris, Miles, Abingdon, e. Aug. 15, 1862, trans, to V. R. C. [ ,/^ 
 
 Nichols, C., Abingdon, e. Aug. 8, 1862, died at Clarksville, Tenn., Jan. 21, 1865. ;'' 
 
 Pointer, Wm. L., Abingdon, e. Aug. 15, 1862, m. o. June 26, 1865. . 
 
 Russell, E. R., Abingdon, e. July 20, 1862, disch. to accept com. in vol. service. '. 
 
 Reeves, E. J., Abingdon, e. Aug. 8, 1862, died at Clarksville, Tenn., Nov. % 
 i6, 1862. 
 
 Shoop, W. H., Abingdon, e. Aug. 8, 1862, m. o. June 26, 1865. 
 
 Strain, D. W., Abingdon, e. Aug. 8, 1862, m. o. June 26, 1865. 
 
 Smith, F. M., Abingdon, e. Aug. 12, 1862, m. o. June 26, 1865. 
 
 Smith, P., Abingdon, e. Aug. 12, 1862, disch. June ii, 1863, dis. 
 
 Smith, S. A. C. B., Abingdon, e. Aug. 12, 1862, m. o. June 26, 1865. 
 
 Underwood, E. B., Abingdon, e. Aug. 7, 1862, m. o. June 26, 1865. 
 
 Vandell, Joseph D., Hermon, e. Aug. 8, 1862, m. o. June 26, 1865. 
 . Vandell, C. W., Hermon, e. Aug. 8, 1862, disch. Jan. 24, 1863, dis. 1 
 
 Vannander, J. W., Hermon, e. Aug. ii, 1862, disch. June 2, 1865, dis. 
 
 Woods, Peter, Abingdon, e. Aug. 9, 1862, m. o. June 26, 1865. 
 
 Warren, L, Abingdon, e. Aug. 7, 1862, m. o. June 26, 1865. 
 
 : . ' ;^v'^,..\.' . - ^ \ ';.'.' Recruits ,-. ',.;;;/.":... -^^:. .;' 
 Brown, Wm. W., Abingdon, died at Clarksville, Tenn., June 26, 1863. 
 
y"-^;;v( ';: HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY :j so? 
 
 Fauble, Geo., Abingdon, e. Aug. 21, 1862, m. o. June 26, 1865. ',>:;; 
 Graves, A. D., Abingdon, e. Aug. 21, 1862, m. o. June 26, 1865. OVv/^M;^ ; 
 Kems, Milton, Maquon. ' .';';.;..;. 
 
 Russell, J. R., Abingdon, e. Dec. 14, 1863, m. o. Sept. 8, 1865. 
 
 ^v -.- ' :-- , V >-.'''.-.'.i-^- ' i^-' COMPANY K '': ''':.,;...;' ,/' 
 
 ^ :'.:'-": Captain ?, . 
 
 . /..;-. '. ^ -i. :: : ^: : 
 
 Reynolds, Geo. W., Victoria, e. Aug. 21, 1862, m. o. June 26, i 
 
 ' -'' First Lieutenant ' ' '' 
 
 Russell, Richard D., Abingdon, e. Aug. 21, 1862, m. o. June 26, 1865. - 
 
 Second Lieutenant . ... 
 Garrett, John S. Victoria, e. Aug. 21, 1862, m. o. June 26, 1865. 
 
 '::'. -.'-[^ - "' ... .'-V'^:; First Sergeant '''^'-'' .. ,.'.-': '/-V. ;.:'.', -^.:~. y.- 
 Wilmarth, A. O., Victoria, e. Aug. i, 1862, died at Ft. Donelson, March i, 1863. 
 
 -.-.'- '-^ ;,:;' -^^ '.';''', '^ ->.'' --"..iX , ' .'^' '''.^' -i.'.-^:-^'' 
 
 Sergeants -'".', 
 
 Montgomery, Wm. C, Wataga, e. Aug. i, 1862, disch. Dec. i, 1862, dis. 
 Swickerd, Noah, Victoria, e. Aug. i, 1862, m. o. June 26, 1865, ist. sergt. 
 Champlin, Geo. H., Wataga, e. Aug. i, 1862, died at Ft. Donelson, Jan. 13, 1863. 
 Hedstrom, J. H., Victoria, e. Aug. i, 1862, pro. ist. lieut. 8th U. S. C. art. 
 
 Corporals = - -' -- - - 
 
 Biggert, Wm. W. W., Knox Co., e. Aug. i, 1862, pro. 1st. lieut. 8th U. S. 
 
 C. Art. ::'. .'- ..^^.v ;:.;::.;::'.- .. -:^ . -.; : ; 
 
 ; Temple, James W., Knox Co., e. Aug. i, 1862, pro. capt. loist. U. S. C. 
 
 troops. 
 
 Lucien, Lambert S., Knox Co., e. Aug. i, 1862, pro. capt. 8th U. S. C. art. .; 
 House, Geo. W., Knox Co., e. Aug. i, 1862, disch. Jan. 8, 1864, dis. .';-.- 
 
 Suydam, J. T., Knox Co., e. Aug. i, 1862, died at Ft. Donelson, Jan. 6. \ 
 Perkins, Wm. H., Knox Co., e. Aug. i, 1862, died at Ft. Donelson, Aug. 
 
 26,1864. 
 
 Stewart, Thomas G., Knox Co., e. Aug. i, 1862, disch. June 17, 1863, dis. ; 
 
 .Coon, Northrop, Knox Co., e. Aug. i, 1862, disch. May 25, 1864, dis. K- 
 
 Wagoner 
 
 Young, John M., Knox Co., e. Aug. i, 1862, died at Mound City, March 
 31. 1863. 
 
 ' Privates " .:--'%.-'; X' ''''/ 
 
 Anstrom, J., Knox Co., e. Aug. i, 1862, m. o. June 26, 1865. :. . 
 
 Anderson, Wm. P., Knox Co., e. Aug. i, 1862, m. o. June 26, 1865. ' /' ; 
 
 : Arie, Anthony, Knox, Co., e. Aug. i, 1862, m. o. June 26, 1865, as corpl. ;>> 
 
 !v Brown, Wm., Knox Co., e. Aug. i, 1862, m. o. June 26, 1865. ,...::. . V... 
 
.*-' *t 
 
 806 HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY 
 
 < . Barthwell, A., Knox Co., e. Aug. i, 1862, m. o. June 26, 1865, as-corpl. r ' ' f^^ 
 y/' Barringer, H., Knox Co., e. Aug. i, 1862, disch. June 2, 1865, dis. . .: 
 
 Bomar, Henry J., Knox Co., e. Aug. i, 1862, disch. Jan. 24, 1863, dis. 
 f Cook, J. H., Knox Co., e. Aug. i, 1862, m. o. June 26, 1865, as sergt. . 
 
 : Coon, G. J., Knox Co., e. Aug. i, 1862, Disch. Dec. 27, 1862, dis. I - -ji.' 
 ; . Cain, S. D., Knox Co., e. Aug. i, 1862, m. o. June 26, 1865. |A ^;. ' f 
 
 ; Cadwell, E. J., Knox Co., e. Aug. i, 1862, m. o. June 26, 1865. f ^ 
 
 Coleman, N., Victoria, e. Aug. i, 1862, pro. principal musician. \J 
 
 Collins, J., Knox Co., e. Aug. i, 1862, died at Ft. Donelson, Feb. 25, 1863. 
 Curry, Andrew A., Knox Co., e. Aug. i, 1862, m. o. June 26, 1865. 
 . Cherrington, M., Knox Co., e. Aug. i, 1862, m. o. June 26, 1865. 
 
 Dawson, J. C., Knox Co., e. Aug. i, 1862, m. o. June 26, 1865. ~' 
 
 Day, David, Knox Co., e. Aug. i, 1862, died at Paducah, Ky., Feb. 26, 1863. 
 X . Darr, Thomas M., Knox Co., e. Aug. i, 1862, disch. Feb. 6, 1863, dis. 
 
 Everett, Elmer, Knox Co., Aug. i, 1862, m. o. June 26, 1865, as corpl. 
 
 Ensign, Nathan R., Knox Co., e. Aug. i, 1862, m. o. June 26, 1865. ; 
 Force, Joseph, Knox Co., e. Aug. i, 1862, disch. March i, 1865, dis. ; ' , ; 
 
 :': Force, Isaac, Knox Co., e. Aug. i, 1862, disch. Dec. 13, 1862, dis. " 
 
 Frederick, Geo. W., Knox Co., e. Aug. i, 1862, died at Fort Henry, Tenn., 
 
 Sept. 30, 1862. ' 'y.:. .y' ':', \"''.'^:'' : 'I- : '.'x'''''C->"^': 
 
 Freed, John, Knox Co., e. Aug. 6, 1862, m. o. June 26, 1865. 
 . , Gifford, T., Knox Co., e. Aug. i, 1862, died at Fort Donelson, March 6, 1863. 
 
 Gray, M. F., Knox Co., e. Aug. i, 1862, m. o. June 26, 1865. 
 
 -. Grayham, C. R., Knox Co., e. Aug. i, 1862, died at Clarksville, Tenn., April 
 8, 1865. 
 
 Grayham, Ira G., Knox Co., e. Aug. i, 1862, m. o. June 26, 1865. 
 
 Goff, J. E., Knox Co., e. Aug. i, 1862, m. o. June 26, 1865. 
 
 Gaines, Geo. H., Knox Co., e. Aug. 6, 1862, m. o. June 26, 1865, sergt. 
 
 Hubbell, T. J., Knox Co., e. Aug. i, 1862, disch. Jan. ii, 1865, dis. 
 
 Hurlbutt, F., Knox Co., e. Aug. i, 1862, disch. May 6, 1863, dis. 
 
 Hoag, L. S., Knox Co., e. Aug. i, 1862, trans, to V. R. C. 
 
 Horton, Alex., Knox Co., e. Aug. 6, 1862, m. o. June 26, 1865. 
 . Harrison, C. W., Knox Co., e. Aug. 6, 1862, m. o. June 26, 1865, sergt. 
 
 Irving, J. A., Knox Co., e. Aug. i, 1862, m. o. June 26, 1865. 
 
 Ives, N. B., Knox Co., e. Aug. i, 1862, m. o. June 26, 1865, sergt. 
 
 Johnson, Jonas, Knox Co., e. Aug. i, 1862, m. o. June 26, 1865. 
 
 Lynes, C. H., Knox Co., e. Aug. i, 1862, disch. May 6, 1863, dis. 
 
 Martin, Leroy, Knox Co., e. Aug. i, 1862, trans, to V. R. C. - ' i^ 
 
 McCready, Jesse, Knox Co., e. Aug. i, 1862, disch. June ii, 1864, dis. ; / 
 
 Menard, H. E., Knox Co., e. Aug. i, 1862, m. o. June 26, 1865. 
 
 McGill, Wm., Knox Co., e. Aug. i, 1862, disch. for pro. to 2d lieut. 8th U. 
 S. C. art. ; :' , ' ' ' ."';' .. -.:'"'-:''-,.: -^V'r^; 
 . McClung, Geo. H., Knox Co., e. Aug. 6, 1862, m. o. June 26, 1865. 
 ' Norton, Wm. H., Knox Co., e. Aug i, 1865, m. o. June 26, 1865. 
 
 Parmentier, H. S., Knox Co., e. Aug. i, 1862, disch. Jan. 24, 1863, dis, /. \/. 
 Pease, G^. A., Knox Co., e. Aug. i, 1862, m. o. June 26, 1865. ' ^ '/^ 
 
 Pratt, David D., Knox Co., e. Aug. 15, 1862, m. o. June 26, 1865, corpl. , :^ 
 
HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY ^ \^: ^ 309 
 
 Robinson, Parsons, Knox Co., e. Aug. i, 1862, disch. Dec. i, 1862, dis. 
 Reed, Geo. H., Knox Co., e. Aug. i, 1862, m. o. June 26, 1865. .^ 
 
 Slater, J. H., Knox Co., e. Aug. i, 1862, m. o. June 26, 1865. '. 
 
 Sornberger, A., Knox Co., e. Aug. i, 1862, m. o. June 26, 1865. ''."=.; Cr." 
 jytlSomberger, G. M., Knox Co., e. Aug. i, 1862, disch. July 17, 1863, dis. : > 
 .., Stockwell, C. A., Knox Co., e. Aug. i, 1862, m. o. June 26, 1865. ..... 4,;;.. 
 
 \ ,'Shade, Jacob, Knox Co., e. Aug. i, 1862, m. o. June 26, 1865. .-'::< ,- .- 
 
 7 Siriith, Phillip, Knox Co., e. Aug. i, 1862, m. o. June 26, 1865. - - ' 
 Sawdy, Rufus, Knox Co., e. Aug. i; 1862, died at Ft. Donelson, Jan. 13, 1863. 
 Sweeny, George, Knox Co., e. Aug. i, 1862, m. o. June 26, 1865. 
 Sranley, J. L., Knox Co., e. Aug. i, 1862, m. o. June 26, 1865. ' 
 
 > Tapp, J. B., Knox Co., e. Aug. i, 1862, m. o. June 26, 1865. ' ;^^ 
 
 Tapp, Vincent, Knox Co., e. Aug. i, 1862, disch. Aug. 21, 1864, dis. 
 Terry, David, Knox Co., e. Aug. i, 1862, disch. for pro. to 2d. lieut. in U. 
 S. C. troops. 
 
 Whitehead, A., Knox Co., e. Aug. i, 1862, m. o. June 26, 1865, as corpl. 
 : Williamson, J., Knox Co., e. Aug. i, 1862, disch. March 13, 1863, dis. 
 v Young, Robert, Knox Co., e. Aug. 12, 1862, m. o. June 26, 1865. . v 
 
 Recruits 
 
 Armstrong, W. H., Sparta, e. Dec. 28, 1863, pro. 2d. lieut. 8th U. S. C. H. art 
 Burgess, F. W., Copley, e. Jan. 25, 1865, m. o. Sept. 8, 1865. 
 Collins, H. C., Sparta, e. Nov. 30, 1863, m. o. Sept. 8, 1865. :-.'.'; 
 
 Darr, J. B., Galesburg, e. Feb. lo, 1864, m. o. Sept. 8, 1865, as corpl. v'^ 
 
 Dunbar, Geo., Rio, e. Jan. 31, 1865, corpl, m. o. Sept. 8, 1865. 
 Dunbar, F. M., Rio, e. Jan. 31, 1865, m. o. Sept. 8, 1865. > .'; 
 
 Everett, E., Galesburg, e. Feb. lo, 1864, m. o. Sept. 8, 1865, as sergt, -v 
 House, W. A., Knox Co., e. Nov. 30, 1863, m. o. Sept. 8, 1865. ; .i , 
 
 McCleery, J. T., Galesburg, e. Feb. lo, 1864, m. o. Sept. 8, 1865. --.'."..; 
 Pease, S. A., Victoria, e. Feb. i, 1864, m. o. Sept. 8, 1865. , - 
 
 Pease, A. T., Copley, e. Jan. i8, 1865, m. o. Sept. 8, 1865. :'';' '.'./ 
 Russell, J. R., Abingdon, e. Dec. 14, 1863, m. o. Sept. 8, 1865. ' 
 
 Heath, M. L., Sparta, e. Dec. 28, 1863, died at camp Butler, Feb. ii, 1864. ; 
 Miller, John, Ontario, e. Feb. 6, 1865. 
 ^ - Ray, J. W., Abingdon, e. Aug. 3, 1864, m. o. May 21, 1865. /; J^ ' v,- ; -^^ 
 
 '/> : .;..... :..\;..,--."^ :;>, 86TH INFANTRY 
 
 Was organized at Peoria, 111., in 1862. Moved for Louisville. Marched from 
 camp Oct. I, and on the 8th was engaged ih the battle of Perry ville; engaged in 
 the battle of Chickamauga, Sept. 19, 20 and 21. Moved into Lookout Valley 
 Oct. 29. In the night of Nov. 23, crossed the river on a pontoon and camped 
 at the foot of Missionary Ridge. Pursued the enemy on the 26th to Ringgold, 
 and was then ordered to Knoxville, Tenn. Marched as far as Little Tennessee 
 River, and returned to Chattanooga Dec. i8, after a most severe march. Was 
 engaged at Buzzard's Roost, May 9, lo and ii; Resaca, May 14, 15; Rome, 
 I7th, 6 killed, ii wounded; Dallas from May 27 to June 5; Kenesaw Moun- 
 tain, from June ii to 27, losing no killed and wounded. It ag^in engaged 
 
310 
 
 HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY 
 
 the enemy on the banks of the Chattahoochie on the i8th of July; at Peach 
 Tree Creek on the igth, and near Atlanta, 2oth and 22nd. Engaged in the 
 siege of Atlanta, Commenced the "march to the sea" Nov. i6. Arrived at Sa- 
 vannah, Dec. 21. After the surrender of Johnson, marched, via Richmond, 
 to Washington City, at which place was mustered out of service, June 6, 1865. 
 Died, killed, and wounded, 346. Marched 3,500 miles ; by rail 2,000. 
 
 The 86th Regiment contained 93 men from Knox county; 5 were killed, 3 
 wounded, 8 died, and 3 were taken prisoners. 
 
 -V'. :\' - . , ..' COMPANY F ..;' '-.-'y '.:'- :-\- '/ 
 v;..'-Xv..., " ' -/''^^'^ Captain ./;'';'./.''-'. .'^;'^' '- 
 
 Burkhalter, James L., Maquon, e. Aug. 27, 1862, m. o. June 6, 1865. 
 
 ' " First Lieutenants -' 
 
 Combs, Nelson D., Maquon, e. Aug. 27, 1862, res. Jan. ii, 1863. 
 Hall, John, Maquon, e. Aug. 27, 1862, m. o. June 6, 1865. 
 
 Second Lieutenant 
 Lx)veland, Amos P., Maquon, e. Aug. i, 1862, m. o. June 6, 1865. 
 
 ', ' " ' ..'- :: ' '' Sergeants ..,; -v'"- '';':..':'':-,'-'*;.;;; 
 
 Mire, John W., Maquon, e. Aug. 2. 1862, m. o. June 6, 1865. 
 
 West, Timothy D., Maquon, e. Aug. 7, 1862, m. o. June 6, 1865, as ist. sergt. 
 
 Freemold, John A., Maquon, e. July 23, 1862, kid. at Kenesaw Mountain, 
 June 27, 1864. 
 
 Swigart, Wm., Jr., Maquon, e. July 26, 1862, died at Nashville, Nov. i8, 1862. 
 
 Corporals 
 
 Haines, Barnett E., Maquon, e. July 24, 1862, sergt., died at Chattanooga, 
 May, 1864. 
 
 Dudley, James T., Maquon, e. Aug. 5, 1862, m. o. June 22, 1865, sergt., wd. 
 
 Ouderkirk, Samuel B., Maquon, e. Aug. 2, 1862, m, o. June 6, 1865. 
 : Liewallen, William, Maquon, e. July 29, 1862, disch. Oct. 15, 1862, dis. 
 
 Allen, Ethan, Maquon, e. Aug. 2, 1862. 
 - Smithson, J. W., Maquon, e. Aug. 5, 1862, died at Danville, Ky., Nov. i8, 
 
 1862. ... . 1. r ;' 
 
 Scott, Benj. P., Maquon, July 31, 1862, m. o. June 6, 1865, as sergt. / 
 
 Gardner, Wm. M., Maquon, e. Aug. 7, 1862, m. o. July 4, 1865, as sergt. 
 
 :.':.'.' ^.:'--. : : . Musicians ^ :' :',;\,';.'^' ';,: ,.;'^.V',-.[-' ^ -"'.;,-. 
 
 Jones, John G., Maquon, e. July 31, 1862, disch. March ii, 1863, dis. 
 Smithson, Wm. M., Maquon, e. Aug. 5, 1862, disch. Feb. 2, 1863, dis. ;. / 
 
 Wagoner / .-A .- - '- 
 
 Barbero, John, Jr., Maquon, e. July 31, 1862, m. o. June 6, 1865. 
 
 'V- 
 
^HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY ; 'vj ,; 311 
 
 Privates .v '..;,;: ;'''^-!^'':^ /:hvs,l; /; 
 
 Arie, S. C, Maquon, e. Aug. 5, 1862, on furlough at m. o. regiment. I ' . 
 
 Atwood, C. B., Maquon, e. Aug. 7, 1862, m. o. June 6, 1865. . , : 
 Coon, Wm. S., Maquon, e. Aug. ii, 1862, m. o. June 6, 1865. 
 Coon, David, Maquon, e. July 29, 1862, disch. Oct. 21, 1862, dis. 
 Combs, Wilson H., Maquon, e. Aug. ii, 1862, disch. Feb. ii, 1863, dis. 
 Coon, Isaac, Maquon, e. Aug. 6, 1862, m. o. June 6, 1865. . : .. 
 Caulkins, Wm., Maquon, e. July 31, 1862, m. o. June 6, 1865. ;;...;:, 
 Clark, A., Maquon, e. Aug. 2, 1862, m. o. June 6, 1865, as corpl. .' V: ..U ;, 
 Clark, N. G., Maquon, e. July 31, 1862, disch. Feb. 12, 1863, dis. : V ; ", 
 Conner, J. H., Maquon, e. July 23, 1862, m. o. June 6, 1865. . V = ; . 
 Dunn, D. M., Maquon, e. Aug. ii, 1862, m. o. June 6, 1865. .^ ' /^ ^ s 
 Davis, F., Maquon, e. Aug. 2, 1862, m. o. June 6, 1865. 
 Dawdy, L. J., Maquon, e. Aug. i, 1862, pro. adjt., hon. disch. April 25, 1865. 
 Darnell, S., Maquon, e. July 29, 1862, disch. Feb. 28, 1863, dis. 
 Dickson, A., Maquon, e. Aug. 13, 1862, m. o. June 6, 1865, as corpL . j 
 
 Darnell, Joel., Maquon, e. Aug. 2, 1862, disch. March 31, 1865, dis. '.';.-.- 
 Davis, C. C., Maquon, e. Aug. 4, 1862, m. o. June 6, 1865, as corpl. .; V . 
 Finch, Bruce, Maquon, e. July 29, 1862, m. o. June 6, 1865. v^> v X-. 
 Foreman, E., Maquon, e. July 29, 1862, m. o. June 29, 1865. .'-.', -;. 
 Freemold, M., Maquon, e. July 29, 1862, m. o. June 6, 1865. .:'.::-'=:,.: 
 
 Grove, Wm. A., Maquon, e. July 26, 1862, m. o. May 23, 1865. 5 ..;.:.:..:.' 
 Grabill, Ira, Maquon, e. July 29, 1862, m. o. June 6, 1865. . > 
 
 Gibbs, Harrison, Maquon, e. Aug. 6, 1862, m. o. June 6, 1865. v-i/i X\:-;' 
 Grissom, M., Maquon, e. Aug. 4, 1862, disch. Jan. i6, 1863, dis. V, u\ ' ., 
 George, Riley, Maquon, e. Aug. 5, 1862. < ; 
 
 Griffith, M. A., Maquon, e. Aug. 4, 1862, m. o. June 6, 1865, as corpl, . .. 
 Gabriel, W., Maquon, e. Aug. 2, 1862, disch. May 8, 1863, dis. ; ' 
 
 Humphrey, A., Maquon, e. July 23, 1862, disch. Apr. 22, 1863, dis. .,...'; 
 Hughs, John, Maquon, e. July 29, 1862, disch. Jan. 17, 1863, dis. 
 Holloway, Wm. H., Maquon, e. Aug. ii, 1862, died at Nashville, Tenn., Nov. 
 17, 1862. V : } 
 
 Housh, Thomas, Maquon, e. Aug. 7, 1862, disch. April i, 1863, dis. c : ^. 
 Housh, Adam, Maquon, e. Aug. 7, 1862, disch. Feb. 24, 1863, dis. ; .' 
 Housh, J. D., Maquon, e. Aug. 7, 1862, m. o. June 6, 1865, as corpl. : ',; 
 Housh, Jacob, Maquon, e. Aug. 7, 1862, trans, to V. R. C. ' - .- 
 
 Hall, Henry, Maquon, e. Aug. 4, 1862, died at Gallatin, Tenn., Dec. i8, 1862. 
 Humphry, F. C., Maquon, e. Aug. 5, 1862, m. o. June 6, 1865, as corpl. 
 Jones, Wm. H., Maquon, e. Aug. 31, 1862, trans, to V. R. C. 
 Kems, J. H., Maquon, e. Aug. 5, 1862, m. o. June 6, 1865. ' ' 
 
 McCulloch, W. J., Maquon, e. Aug. 3, 1862, kid. at Rome, Ga., May 17, 1864. 
 McFarren, J. R., Maquon, e. Aug. ii, 1862, disch. Feb. 12, 1863, dis. 
 McVay, Franklin L., e. July 24, 1862, trans, to V. R. C. ^ .. i^--, . 
 
 McKoon, C. W., Maquon, e. July 29, 1862, m. o. June 6, 1865. ' ^ .T : 
 Moon, R. A., Maquon, e. Aug. 5, 1862, disch. March ii, 1863, dis. .''''?': 
 Moon, J. R., Maquon, e. Aug. 7, 1862, m, o. June 6, 1865. "" [> 
 
812 
 
 HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY 
 
 McNaughton, James, Maquon, e. Aug. i, 1862, m. o. June 6, 1865, as-sergt., 
 wd. 
 
 McGrew, J. A. H., Maquon, e. Aug. 4, 1862, m. o. June 6, 1865. 
 
 McVay, J. H., Maquon, e. Aug. 4, 1862, m. o. June 6, 1865. 
 
 Mowry, M., Maquon, e. Aug. 7, 1862, corpl., trans, to V. R. C. : 
 
 Mick, R. M., Maquon, e. Aug. 5, 1862, disch. Oct. 22, 1862, dis. 
 
 Norris, J., Maquon, e. Aug. 4, 1862, died at Nashville, Tenn., May 25, 1863. 
 
 Norris, Geo., Maquon, e. Aug. 6, 1862, m. o. June 6, 1865, war pris. 
 - Ouderkirk, Martin, Maquon, e. Aug. 7, 1862, m. o. June 6, 1865. I - -; . 
 
 Perry, Wm. M., Maquon, e. Aug. 7, 1862. 
 
 Paterson, Jesse, Maquon, e. Aug. 5, 1862, died at Nashville, Tenn., Dec. i6, 
 1864, wounds. 
 
 Pattee, J. F., Maquon, e. Aug. ii, 1862, m. o. June 6, 1865, as corpl. . - 
 . Reeder, Alfred, e. Aug. 4, 1862, m. o. June 26, 1865, war pris. 1 '. 
 
 Smith, Silas, Maquon, e. July 26, 1862, kid. at Jonesboro, Ga., Sept. I, 1864. 
 """ Smith, A., Maquon, e. Aug. 7, 1862, m. o. June 6, 1865. 
 
 Smith, J. M. W., Maquon, e. Aug. 5, 1862, disch. Oct. 29, 1864, wounds. 
 / Smith, John A., Maquon, e. Aug. 5, 1862, m. o. June 6, 1865. 
 
 Smith, T. C., Maquon, e. Aug. 14, 1862, disch. Oct. 21, 1862, dis. 
 
 Snyder, Alex, Maquon, e. Aug. 5, 1862, m. o. June 6, 1865. 
 
 Stodgell, Wm. A., Maquon, e. Aug. i, 1862, m. o. June 6, 1865. 
 
 Tumtine, Reece, Maquon, e. Aug. 7, 1862, died at Nashville Jan. 7, 1863. 
 
 Thurman, Wm. T., Maquon, e. July 26, 1862, trans, to Miss. Marine Brig. ^ 
 
 Upp, C. W., Maquon, e. July 29, 1862, kid. at Kenesaw Mountain June 27, 
 1864. 
 
 Vogler, J., Maquon, e. Aug. 4, 1862, kid. at Rome, Ga., May 17, 1864. 
 
 Wells, V. G., Maquon, e. July 31, 1862, disch. Feb. 5, 1864, dis. I 
 
 West, John, Maquon, e. Aug. 2, 1862, m. o. July 22, 1865, war pris. 
 
 Walter, B. S., Maquon, e. Aug. 2, 1862, disch. Feb. 2, 1863, dis. 
 
 Waddle, J., Maquon, e. July 24, 1862, disch. Oct. 21, 1862, dis. 
 
 Wilson, J. F., Maquon, e. Aug. 4, 1862, m. o. June 6, 1865. 
 
 Walter, C. R., Maquon, e. Aug. 4, 1862, m. o. June 6, 1865, corpl. 
 
 Way, A. J., Maquon, e. Aug. 26, 1862, disch. March 13, 1863, dis. 
 
 West, T. D., Maquon, e. Aug. 26, 1862. 
 
 V- -".'.< -'-v^ ; '. '. 89TH INFANTRY j '-;-:;,;'.::.; \^;v''- 
 
 The "Railroad Regiment" was organized by the railroad companies of Illinois 
 at Chicago in August, 1862; ordered to Louisville, Ky., Sept. 4. The regiment 
 on leaving Louisville started in pursuit of the rebel forces under Gen. Bragg, 
 and after a fruitless and wearisome march of a month reached Bowling Green. 
 Chickamauga seemed to fix the seal of its devotion. There fell Lieut.-Col. 
 Duncan J. Hall, Capts. Rice, Spink and Whiting, and Lieut. Ellis, besides the 
 scores of brave men who fought with noble heroism, and who dared to "do and 
 die" in defense of the "old flag." At Mission Ridge the regiment again en- 
 countered the foe. It then marched to- the relief of Burnside, besieged at Knox- 
 ville. This accomplished, it moved on with the brigade in the marches and 
 counter-marches through East Tennessee. - , 
 
v;r.\:-;j; :> HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY :^ ^ '" 313 Vi 
 
 .:.' Early in April, 1864, it marched with the command to South Tennessee, i '-'.'" 
 preparatory to Gn. Sherman's glorious campaign through West Georgia, for the 
 occupation of Atlanta. With the brigade it participated in the splendid victories , < 
 :-;-;. of Rocky Face, Resaca, Pickett's Mills, Kenesaw Mountain, Peach Tree Creek ' 
 
 : *"<! the flank movement of Atlanta, and pursued the routed enemy in his retreat ' ,' 
 ; \ to Jonesboro and Lovejoy's Station. The regiment passed winter quarters at -v/^ 
 V ; Huntsville, Ala., in January, 1865, and on the ist of February traveled by rail . 
 / to Nashville. About the middle of March the command embarked on the cars . 
 3.. ^ for East Tennessee to re-establish communications through to Virginia and pre- 
 pare to repel rebel invasion. On the surrender of Lee's army further move- -^ . 
 ' ments in that section were abandoned. On June lo, 1865, the 89th was mustered r ; 
 ' out of the United States service. . 
 
 ; The 89th Regiment had 171 men from Knox county; 17 were killed, 6 . 
 J wounded, 28 discharged and 15 were taken prisoners. '.: .:^-- ':"^ 'V ^ ' :; 
 
 ' : '' Sergeant-Major . ,. X ^^^ ;.; , 
 
 ; : ; Burneson, Nelson W., Walnut Grove, m. o. June lO, 1865. , /^ ; i: t 
 
 ; . v^ ; ; . ;; ,;^.^> Commissary Sergeant . . !;"; /-'"'-vv 
 
 Jeffries, Benj. P., Knoxville, e. Aug. 13, 1862, disch. Feb. ir, 1863, dis. v. .:-..' 
 
 ''''''''" '^ '' " "^- ' '- ' Principal Musician " ' '' ' '^'' '^'^..'V': >'-"';;:''':' 
 Howard, E. B., Galesburg, e. Aug. 3, 1862, m, o. June lO, 1865, ! ti'^^v" vJ 
 
 ':'' ;' '.' ' ;^:' -^''.{,v:. ;-':;-.' COMPANY A "''{/.'''.:'' ^'' . . ''V.' -';{:''-.':/'.> '.^t'';: 
 \.' Sergeant '' '^'''^\''':'--r-.'. 
 
 : Holt, James E., Galesburg, e. Aug. ii, 1862, m. o. June lo, 1865. ;V'; V y/ : 
 
 'v;"' ."'/>...:'.' ;': -"; ':-^..VA:^-:.vv Privates ;"/.:.:"-:-^. --^ ^,- ' : '..'.';, ':.''-:::'^;--'o.--'iS...' 
 
 : Armstrong, Robert, Knoxville, e. Aug. 13, 1862, died at Andersonville prison 
 ;: ' Aug. 20, 1864, No. of grave 7339. ,^ .; ;- , ! - 
 
 Butman, A., Yates City, e. Aug. 7, 1862, m. o. June lo, 1865, corpl. ,^ '.v v 
 
 " ; Egan, J. I., Knoxville, e. Aug. 13, 1862, disch. July 23, 1863, dis. .r . /' 
 
 Fuller, Gardner, Galesburg, e. Aug. 12, 1862, died at Andersonville prison 
 
 '-,:'''; Sept. 21, 1864. ;.;;'.;"'. ::^;'. i.:-'"': 
 
 Hadley, J. D., Galesburg, e. Aug. 6, 1862, disch. Sept. i, 1864, dis. . ':/ >r ;: L ! 
 ,' Holt, R. M., Galesburg, .e. Aug. 5, 1862, disch. Feb. i6, 1863, dis. ^:> I:/ : -/ 
 ^v Taylor, W. C., Knoxville, e. Aug. ii, i86i, disch. June 13, 1^3, dis. , v^oX':/ '; V 
 
 ;-..::";; ', Recruits ''\ ',';'"';'"'' ;''':;.-;''; '^''''' 
 
 , Ayres, G. P., Galesburg, e. Dec. 5, 1863, pro. sergt.-maj. 
 
 Cheeseman, P. J., Knoxville, e. Oct. 31, 1863, missing in action at Pickett's -7' 
 Mills, Ga., May 27, 1864. -^ ' { / ^- ; 
 
 :. Edgar, J. A., Altona, e. Sept. lo, 1863, m. o. Dec. 8, 1865. , ; : ^ , V V 
 
 
314 
 
 HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY 
 
 COMPANY B 
 
 ;/'.': Privates : 
 
 Chesriey, A. M., Knox Co., e. Oct. 12, 1863, m. o. Dec. 8, 1865. 
 Fausett, Geo. W., Knox Co., e. Oct. 9, 1863, m. o. Dec. 8, 1865. 
 Miller, A. C., Knox Co., e. Oct. 5, 1863, m. o. Dec. 8, 1865. 
 Miller, M., Abingdon, e. Oct. i, 1863, kid. at Kenesaw Mountain, June 
 1864. . 
 
 Rupell, Wm., Altona, e. Sept. lo, 1863, m. o. Dec. 8, 1863. 
 Sweeney, J. H., Altona, e. Aug. 31, 1863, m. o. Dec. 8, 1865. 
 Wagomen, M., Altona, e. Dec. 21, 1863, died at Springfield, Feb. 5, 1864. 
 
 .>;;',,'',''. ' / ,;'.'. COMPANY C ,'''";!/''. ''v"-'^;- '":.- "'^ 
 
 : Privates 
 
 Blair, John, Altona, e. Aug. 13, 1863, died at Nashville March 30, 1864. ; 
 \; Bennell, W. A. Knox Co., e. Oct. 8, 1863. 
 
 Gould, W. A., Knox Co., e. Sept. 15, 1863, m. o. Dec. 8, 1865. I- .. 
 
 . Hood, Geo. M., Knoxville, e. Nov. i, 1863, m. o. Dec. 8, 1865, as corpl. ' 
 
 Jones, Geo. W., Galesburg, e. Aug. 7, 1862, m. o. June lo, 1865, as corpl. 
 
 McFarlane, Alva, Knox Co., e. Oct. 5, 1863, missing in action, Pickett's Mills, 
 Ga. .: ; : " ' v;'- '^'^ .V^ :;::;-.; ^-^v;?./.::^;.: v :,; :; I 
 
 Richardson, Hiram, Knox Co., e. Sept. 28, 1863. 
 
 Thompson, Geo. W., Knox Co., e. Sept. 26, 1863, died at New Orleans, June 
 29, 1865. 
 
 Warren, Geo., Knox Co., e. Oct. 15, 1863, disch. March 15, 1864, dis. 
 
 Whitehead, J., Wataga, e. Oct. 5, 1863, m. o. Dec. 8, 1865. ;- J - 
 
 'r'.'r^- . ' . .. . ' '' COMPANY E '.-.-.- '-'.'' :'^^- ':',''. - 
 
 Musicians : ' 
 
 Capron, A. S., Galesburg, e. Aug. i, 1862, absent sick at m. o. regt. 
 , Howard, E. B., Galesburg, e. Aug. 3, 1862, pro. principal musician. 
 
 Privates 
 
 Abbe, Louis, Galesburg, e. Aug. i, 1862, m. o. June lo, 1865. 
 Bramble, H. G., Galesburg, e. Aug. 6, 1862, trans, to V. R. C. 
 Collins, A., Galesburg, e. Aug. 6, 1862, disch. March ii, 1863, dis. 
 Clough, J., Galesburg, e. Aug. 7, 1862, m. o. June lo, 1865. 
 Frank, Alonzo, e. Aug. 6, 1862, m. o. June lo, 1865, as corpl. 
 Hawley, H. F., Galesburg, e. Aug. 7, 1862, m. o. June lo, 1865. 
 Huse, F. V., Galesburg, e. Aug. 7, 1862, died at Chattanooga, Oct. 12, 1863, ;': -^ 
 
 wounds. :'-.v! .. 'C':', ''.. :]" .':.'.':; -''">' 
 
 . Knox, James, Jr., Galesburg, e. Aug. 5, 1862, disch. Aug. 26, 1862, dis. 'V X^;;; 
 
 Lecompton, F. W., Galesburg, e. Aug. 6, 1862, trans, to V. R. C. 
 Mack, R. B., Galesburg, e. Aug. 6, 1862, died at Chattanooga, Oct. 22, 1863, 
 wounds. .-:' ':''' /;':'.'.- v,./ .' '^ -'..-./;: . ' \ ':'"'.-.;'':;' fv:- 
 
 McCall, J. H., Galesburg, e. Aug. 6, 1862, disch. Sept. lo, 1863, dis. . ,';!^ '' 
 
 Nichols, James, Galesburg, e. Aug. lo, 1862, kid. Stone River, Dec. 31, 1862. . 
 
 : Scudder, O. H., Oneida, e. Aug. 7, 1862, absent sick at m. o. regt. ; v;^:.;; -^ 
 
^.; ;:; v-^'V :;r:; HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY ;,;, 315 
 
 Simmons, W. H., Galesburg, e. Aug. 5, 1862, died at Chattanooga, Nov. i, - 
 
 1864. ,, .;.... .^;:- :;.v y- 
 
 Weed, Gill, Galesburg, e. Aug. 7, 1862, m. o. June lo, 1865. > 
 
 Welton, C. W., Galesburg, e. Aug. lo, 1862, m. o. June lo, 1865, as corpl. 
 Wright, Z. R., Knoxville, e. Feb. 17, 1864, died at Nashville, June 27, 1864. -x 
 
 ;.>'".:_:: \''-\'' -'v: :>.-- ^':^'^i^^ COMPANY c'-V; v v'. ':;;.'.;'' /: ''.-:' . :/ \ -^;; :>-'; 
 
 Captains -';.;.'- 
 
 Whiting, Thomas, Walnut Grove, e. Aug. 25, 1862, kid. Sept. 20, 1863. /,' 
 Howell, Wm. H., Walnut Grove, e. Aug. 25, 1862, m. o. June lo, 1865. : , 
 
 First Lieutenants ,- 7^, ; ;;;;J, 
 
 Copley, Isaac, Copley, e. Aug. 25, 1862, res. May 8, 1863. ';V ii.' ; . -, 
 
 Tait, Peter, Copley, e. Aug. 25, 1862, kid. in action Dec. i6, 1864. v ;!:,. 
 
 Swickard, J. W., Walnut Grove, e. Aug. 25, 1862, m. o. June lo, 1865. ;i: 
 
 '' Sergeants '....-.. .,/;'';.;' ..;. V .. V-'v \'^ . - V 
 
 Bunson, Richard J., Walnut Grove, m. o. June lO, 1865, as ist sergt. . > v^/ '. ." 
 . Smith, John B., Lynn, trans. V. R. C. - . ' 
 
 Wales, H. G. O., Walnut Grove, m. o. June lo, 1865. '^^V ~ ': ^; ? ^ 
 
 .. -. :' Corporals .::.^.>-"','i^-- /'^i"- -^'-.v 'V-^.-.i/-'-": .';' : -" 
 
 :.-...., ' ': ' /. :;'.-,.-' ..: -.- - ''.; '.-:" -..'.- .-.-.-..;' . ; '' 
 
 Dayton, Wm. O., Walnut Grove, disch. Feb. i6, 1863, dis. :;.. 4 . ; : C' 
 
 McLaughlin, J. B., Walnut Grove, m. o. June lo, 1865, as sergt. y-^'- -;.:, 
 
 Hayward, Orange G., Walnut Grove, m. o. June lo, 1865, as sergt. '-''';.,',. 
 ; Bumeson, N. W., Walnut Grove, pro. sergt.-maj. rV;! , ;...A-;' .; . ^^ 
 
 Ferguson, A. M., Walnut Grove, disch. March 8, 1862, dis. :...--:>'' 
 
 Berry, Thomas, Walnut Grove, kid. near Dallas, Ga., May 27, 1864. , ,;''./ ' 
 
 Allen, S. D., Walnut Grove, sergt., kid. near Dallas, Ga., May 27, 1864. - { . I ; , 
 Wagoner, G. W., Walnut Grove, trans, to V. R. C. ;..^ .;- :- - ; / ^: 
 
 - Privates ':'';'*: -"-5' :'-.yv-'''^-:'-'- 
 
 Atherton, S., Walnut Grove, m. o. June lO, 1865, as musician. ^.:'-:--^::'^^,: -.:':^:.:.'- -'['.': '.^' . 
 Buckhart, J., Walnut Grove, m. o. June lo, 1865. '' 4; ^^? * ^- v 
 
 Buckhart, W., Walnut Grove, m. o. June lo, 1865. V- ^ -; "' 4"^ ; ,: 
 
 Bestor, D. H., Walnut Grove, kid. at Stone River, Dec. 31, 1862. . ^ 
 
 Berry, Geo. H., Walnut Grove, died at Andersonville prison, Aug. 6, 1864, ,; 
 
 No. of grave 4855. ': . 
 
 Brown, C., Walnut Grove, died March i, 1864. ^ '':-:'; ::;^'^;>:; 
 
 Cole, Hiram, Walnut Grove, disch. April i, 1863, dis. :>:.'' ' . 
 
 Cragan, J., Lyqn., trans. V. R. C. . ;: . 
 
 Codding, Jasper C., Victoria, died at Andersonville prison Dec. 27, 1864, No.-. . ;' 
 
 of grave, 12348. :;^ y. Y 
 
 ": Campbell, John, Walnut Grove, m. o. June lo, 1865. { . . > J : . 
 
 Collinson, H. G., Walnut Grove, absent sick at m. o. regt. } 'v^^ '^'. .;o=^' vJ ' 
 
 Chimberg, Nelson, Walnut Grove, died at Andersonville prison, Sept. 28, 1864, "v" 
 
 No. of grave 9935. 
 
316 
 
 HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY 
 
 Craig, J. F., Lynn, killed at Rocky Face, Ga., May 9, 1864. 
 Collinson, C., Walnut Grove, trans. V. R. C. - ,. 
 
 Dillworth, J. H., Lynn, m. o. June lo, 1865. :>S -.;:.' A.-. - 
 Doyle, M., Walnut Grove, m. o. June lo, 1865. ''y! /^ - . - 
 Elsworth, A. W., Lynn, m. o. June lo, 1865. ;" -'i : 
 
 Fitch, Wm. S., Lynn, m. o. June lo, 1865, as sergt. 
 
 Goddard, Henry, Lynn, died at Andersonville prison Dec. i, 1864, No. of 
 grave 10307. 
 
 Hall, John L., Lynn, died at Andersonville prison, Dec. 4, 1864, No. of grave 
 
 12223. ..:--/' ';;:, -^v. .;;.; 
 
 Hicks, Wm. B., Lynn, trans. Miss. Marine Brig. .-. ;. . . .-,i 
 
 Hager, Levi, Lynn, m. o. June lO, 1865. , . ' 
 
 Harris, A. D., Victoria, trans, to 'engineer corps. - 
 
 Higgins, C. W., Walnut Grove, disch. Feb. lo, 1863, dis. 
 
 Hester, Isaac, Walnut Grove, kid. near Dallas, Ga., May 27, 1864. 
 
 Higgins, W. L., Lynn, died at Andersonville prison, Nov. ii, 1864. 
 
 Hulich, J. B., Copley, died June i6, 1863, wounds. 
 
 Kerr, David, Lynn, trans, to V. R. C. .';--. :j: ;. . 
 
 Livingston, J., Walnut Grove, m. o. June lo, 1865. ' ::;"' - 
 
 Lamb, Peter, Copley, disch. Feb. lo, 1865. ' .. 
 
 Lyman, R. H., Lynn, m. o. June lo, 1865, as sergt. 
 
 Mitchell, J. R., Walnut Grove, died at Andersonville prison, Oct. 28, 1863, 
 No. of grave 11617. \ ; : v" ; ;' ^'; ,. V- j 7 ".'' 
 
 McLaughlin, J. W., Walnut Grove, m. o. June lO, 1865. 
 
 Murray, Geo. W., Walnut Grove, kid. at Stone River, Dec. 31, 1862. . . 
 
 Murphy, Benj. F., Walnut Grove, died at Nashville, March 17, 1863. T 
 
 Nesbitt, W. H., Walnut Grove, m. o. June lo, 1865. ' -' I. ' 
 
 Newton, W. B., Walnut Grove, kid. at Chickamauga, Sept. 19, 1863. . ; . 
 
 Preston, J., Walnut Grove, disch. June 6, 1864, dis. 
 
 Rowe, C., Henderson, m. o. June lO, 1865. V, 
 
 Riner, Benj. J., Walnut Grove, m. o. June lo, 1865. ' ' '. , i 
 
 Rodgers, N., Walnut Grove, disch. Feb. i6, 1863, dis. 
 
 Roosa, Isaac, Walnut Grove, m. o. June lo, 1865. 
 
 Rosenleaf, H. J., Copley, kid. at Chickamauga, Sept. 19, 1863. 
 
 Reynolds, F., Walnut Grove, died at Nashville, Dec. 31, 1863. 
 
 Reynolds, A., Victoria, kid. near Dallas, Ga., May 27, 1864. 
 
 Saddler, D. C., Walnut Grove, kid. at Stone River, Dec. 31, 1862. 
 
 Spohr, Matern, Lynn, m. o. June lo, 1865. 
 
 Stowell, A. G., Walnut Grove, m. o. June lo, 1865. '""' 
 
 Stephins, E. W., Walnut Grove, m. o. June lo, 1865, as corpl. 
 
 Starr, Geo. B., Walnut Grove, disch. May i6, 1865, dis. 
 
 Strogpn, Wm., Walnut Grove, died at Atlanta, Ga., prison Nov. 24, 1863. 
 
 Scott, Wm., Walnut Grove, died at Jeffersonville, Ind., Nov. 23, 1862. 
 
 Seagriff, M., Walnut Grove, m. o. June lo, 1865. 
 
 Smith, R. M., Walnut Grove, m. o. June lo, 1865. . : ' 
 
 Smith, H. P., Walnut Grove, disch. Feb. 12, 1865, dis. 
 
 Topper, A., Walnut Grove, kid. near Dallas, Ga., May 17, 1864. 
 
. :' -'^^^v^:;; ;r;::r HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY - : - :^ 'v 817 
 
 ; '* ' ' ..' '''..' ^ '.-.T; -,_,: '', 
 
 ; Tait, John, Copley, died at Chattanooga, July 19, i8()4, wounds. -.:;.">: 
 
 Tait, Wm., Copley, m. o. June I o, 1865. y ;' :' -^ . - 
 
 !: Tait, H. P., Copley, trans, to V. R. C V 
 
 Thompson, D., Walnut Grove, m. o. June lo, 1865. 
 
 Ulmbaugh, J., Lynn., disch. March 25, 1865, dis. . 
 
 Wells, Geo., Walnut Grove. r 
 
 Ward, W. E., Walnut Grove, disch. Jan. 4, 1865, dis. . : \ C 
 
 Wilson, R., Walnut Grove, m. o. June lo, 1865. i; ' 
 
 Woolsey, David, Walnut Grove, kid. near Atlanta, Ga., Aug. 3, 1864. 
 . . Whitney, T. F., Knoxville, died at Andersonville prison Aug. 17, 1864, No. .>: ; 
 of grave 5998. ./ '^l: ^ / . 'v-^;;-.,; vv 
 
 , Whitney, W. H., Knoxville, m. o. June 19, 1865. ; / j'^'^ ^ ^ 
 
 .'...:'.. :\" '' .-.-;:-..'- >^ ;..-: Recruits -'-^ ^-'^''-'^'-^^ -':'.' "% ''.;;'^^;4;'^^';^/V 
 ' Brainbridge, C. V., Walnut Grove, m. o. June lo, 1865. . ;,''' " 
 
 Blair, John, Walnut Grove, e. Aug. 13, 1863, died at Chattanooga, Dec. 9, 
 
 1863. ;:;: 
 
 Bailey, J. M., Galesburg, e. Sept. lo, 1863, died at Nashville, Jan. ii, 1865. : '? 
 wounds. '\ '. 
 
 ' Bell, Robert, Abingdon, e. Oct. 21, 1863, m. o. Dec. 8, 1865, as corpl. ;/?/ 
 
 ' Brown, J., Oneida, e. Nov. i6, 1862, m. o. Dec. 8, 1865. ; v 
 
 Colburne, H. E., Altona, e. Sept. i, 1863, vet., m. o. Dec. 8, 1865. ;/.'::: 
 
 ; Davis, Geo. W., Altona. :-r.-i':'- ' 
 
 Dudley, H. E., Altona, e. Aug. 19, 1863, m. o. Dec. 8, 1865. ' 't ,';; ;^ 
 
 '::. Depue, T. O., Knox Co., e. Oct. 5, 1863, m. o. Dec. 8, 1865. |\ " ; \^= ' 
 
 ', Ford, W. E., Altona, e. Aug. 17, 1863, m. o. Dec. 8, 1865. ' : v ;/ '. r ^ 
 
 Goole, L. L., Knox Co., e. Oct. 5, 1863, m. o. Dec. 8, 1865. . : v:.-^^^-,: 
 
 Hubbell, T. C, Altona. . , V,; ;' ;'^': j^: - 
 
 Lantz, H. L., Lynn, trans, to V. R. C. .' '; .\.;i^V^- . ->l7 , \:^' 'Vx 
 
 Mitchell, C. W., Altona, e. Sept. 12, 1863, m. o. Dec. 8, 1865. ;( ;': :;^^''' /: - 
 Nelson, W. H., Altona, e. Oct. 5, 1863, m. o. Dec. 8, 1865, as corpl. / : ..:'::;;-' 
 ; Pemble, J. H., Knox Co., Aug. 12, 1863, m. o. Dec. 8, 1865. .-..'- - 
 
 Piatt, J., Altona, e. Aug. 27, 1863, disch. March 23, 1865, dis. -:'!;-. .;'r'v: 
 Ray, A. J., died at Chattanooga July 4, 1864, wounds. ^ -, 'v^! ' ' -/ 
 
 Ross, W. M., Altona, e. Aug. 21, 1863, absent sick at m. o. regt. : V :\ : 
 
 Rogers, N., Altona, e. Aug. 19, 1863, m. o. Dec. 8, 1865. ' . . .-: ; 
 
 Shoop, Geo. W., Abingdon, e. Oct. 21, 1863, m. o. Dec. 8, 1865, as corpl. ' '-'-'; 
 
 '..'1 Smith, Jasper A., Altona, e. Oct. ii, 1863, absent sick at m. o. regt., wounds. :''. 
 Umbaugh, E., Altona, e. Aug. ii, 1863, m. o. Dec. 8, 1865. ,- . . < 
 
 ;. Wright, G. O., Abingdon, e. Oct. 19, 1863, disch. Dec. 13, 1864, dis. P- 
 
 Wagman, J., Altona, e. Sept. i6, 1863, vet., kid. at Mission Ridge, Nov. 25, , ' 
 
 1863. ' :^.: 
 
 ^.'.;' ^.:- ;"-;' -."':.'.-, ^/./''-'V; -.'V' COMPANY I ^T -: v .:-!-'/ \ ^ ';,'" "-'v ::^ ,._;;": 
 
 - ^' f-.'^'V . '' -' ::'''".'';-'-" Privates ...'-;' ::^ -v';, v:"-' ^^' '.'C C" 
 
 . ' Anderson, M., Knoxville, e. Nov. 9, 1863, pris., m. o. Dec. 8, 1865. :;/:. 
 Morey, A. F., Knoxville, e. Nov. 7, 1863. ... . 
 
 Rhyand, J. R., Knoxville, e. Oct. 31, 1863, m. o. May i8, 1865. ; .;' > \:- 
 
318 . HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY 
 
 Stropes, J., Knoxville, e. Nov. 2, 1863, m. o. Dec. 8, 1865. 
 
 Vincent, W. J., Knoxville, e. Oct. 29, 1863, vet., absent sick at m. o. regt. 
 
 ;" . ' ' ' ' ^- COMPANY K '.'" :i ; .'-V^v ' ':' -'i 
 
 '-" '"' ' -' ' ' Privates '-'-. ^/'r- ''-. v...''. ;-..- 
 
 Holding, W. A., Knoxville, e. Dec. 21, 1863, m. o. Dec. 8, 1865. 
 
 Courtney, J. M., Abingdon, e. Oct. 21, 1863, m. o. Dec. 8, 1865. 
 
 Harvey, G. W., Altona, e. Dec. 17, 1863, m. o. Dec. 8, 1865. ; 
 
 Whitton, Geo. A., Knoxville, e. Feb. 17, 1864, detached, m. o. Dec. 8, 1865. 
 
 Kay, Jackson, Knox Co., e. Oct. 15, 1863. 
 
 Neil, J. W., Victoria. ;. / ^V- \' :. ''"' ^'',-'.'^:'-'':-^--:^'J ;;'/' 
 
 Pease, S. A., Victoria. ^ > ; ' . V/ \^; ;:. 
 
 Russell, Wm., Knox Co. ' - ' /'/ ;. v 
 
 Swan, Peter, Altona. : ' . ; ;': /^ 
 
 ,-\-.'- ..; ' . - . 9OTH INFANTRY ^ ?:":;,c/' "-''"'; 
 
 '';-'''t' . ' , ; , COMPANY c - " '^;.^''!'.-:-, .;' 
 
 Privates 
 
 Doris, S., St. Augustine, e. Aug. 7, 1862, died at Memphis, Oct. 3, 1863. . 
 Hart, J., St. Augustine, e. Aug. 7, 1862, trans, to V. R. C. 
 Livers, Thomas, St. Augustine, e. Aug. 7, 1862, died Feb. 8, 1863, wounds. 
 O'Neil, H., St. Augustine, e. Aug. 7, 1862, m. o. June 5, 1865. . j ; 
 Thompson, J. S., St. Augustine, e. Aug. 7, 1862, m. o. June 5, 1865. 
 Robey, T. A., St. Augustine, e. Aug. 7, 1862, m. o. June 5, 1865,' as sergt. 
 
 IO2D INFANTRY - ' v'- ],.:.: 
 
 The iO2d Inf. 111. Vols. was organized at Knoxville, 111., in August, 1862, by 
 Col. Wm. McMurtry, and mustered in Sept. i and 2. Knox county was repre- 
 sented in this regiment by 414 men, in 9 different companies. 
 
 On the 22nd of September the regiment moved to Peorfa, 111., and Oct. i, to 
 Louisville, Ky., and was assigned to Ward's brigade, Dumont's division, and 
 immediately moved southward, marching via Shelbyville, Frankfort, Bowling 
 Green, and Scottsville to Gallatin, Tenn., arriving Nov. 26. 
 
 The regiment went into winter quarters at Gallatin. On June i, 1863, moved 
 to Lavergne, and from thence marched to Stewart's Creek, where the regiment 
 was divided and stationed to guard bridges. On the Qth of November, 1863, 
 moved to Lebanon, and returned on the nth. Surgeon Stanley was severely 
 wounded by guerrillas. On Feb. 25, broke winter quarters at Lavergne, and 
 marched via Tullahoma, Decherd, Stevenson, Ala., and camped in Wauhatchie 
 Valley, Tenn. The regiment was assigned to the 2Oth Army Corps, Gen. Ward's 
 brigade. While at Wauhatchie five companies of the regiment, which had been 
 mounted, gave up their horses, but retained their Spencer rifles during the Atlanta 
 campaign. May 2 commenced the campaign. May 14 was engaged at Resaca, 
 leaving 3 killed and 19 wounded. On the I5th the brigade captured a battery 
 from the enemy at Camp Creek. The iO2nd lost i8 killed, 6 mortally wounded, 
 70 wounded. May 25 encountered the enemy at Burnt Hickory, and was en- 
 
;-,^^^;;; , : :/ HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY ;;^; . 319 .- 
 
 gaged four days, leaving 4 killed and 14 wounded. June i was engaged at - ? 
 
 ; Big Shanty. June 15 and i6 engaged, losing 13 wounded, including Col. Smith X 
 
 and Capt McManus. Engaged July 20 at Peach Tree Creek, losing 2 killed '; 
 
 and II wounded. Sept. i6 moved to Atlanta. Nov. 15, 1864, commenced the ,' 
 
 Savannah march, arriving on the 22nd at Milledgeville; crossed the Ogeechee on ;. -.. 
 the 29th, and Dec. ii established lines of battle at Savannah, and on the 2ist 
 entered that city. Jan. 5, 1865, moved to Hardesville, and on the 3Oth to Rob- . : 
 ertsville, near Sister's Ferry. Feb. 2 marched westward to Blackville and Willis- .. - 
 town, thence northward to Columbia, arriving Feb. ipth. March ii reached .- 
 Fayetteville. March i6 was engaged at Averysboro, losing 2 killed and 19 ' 
 
 wounded, among the latter were Captains. Merritt and Matteson, and Lieut. 
 
 Trego. March 22 camped at Goldsboro. April lo marched toward Raleigh, 
 where the army remained until Johnson's surrender. On the 3Oth marched for . . 
 
 ' , Washington, arriving May 19. \ . 
 
 :^ Of the number from Knox county in the iO2nd, 37 died from disease and '^ : ' 
 
 : wounds received during the war, 12 killed, 14 wounded, and 3 prisoners. On - " 
 May 24 the regiment passed review with our army and June 6, 1865, was , 
 
 mustered out of service and started home, arriving in Chicago, 111., on the 9th. ; r. ,- 
 June 14 received payment and final discharge. ' ; 
 
 ' :^- . Colonels ^. -'-"; 
 
 McMurtry, Wm. M., Henderson, e. Sept. 8, 1862, hon. disch. Oct. 24, 1862. -. 
 Smith, Franklin C., Oneida, e. Sept. 8, 1862, pro. brig.-gen., m. o. June 6, ^ 
 
 ' 1865. _ . :;: r.r V; 
 
 v'^:-, -''''-' .--:...- : ;-... Majors --'- - '"-"-/';'."-,;:';;' '.V .;-.--;.';.; 
 
 ;.- Shinn, Lemuel D., Truro, e. Sept. 2, 1862, res. Oct 14, 1863. ;!c \ -yfV;i V, 
 : ;:' Jackson, Charles H., Henderson, res. July 9, 1864.;^!-;^ ,;;' '^;.. '.-:'; 
 
 ' -. Clay, H. H., Galesburg, m. o. June 6, 1865. >'. ,- ' ;:'<^^^ ;' > r i 
 
 .;/,';,' '''- '-' -^ -''-" ^' Adjutants '-'-'''" '^'^'- '' ;-;>-.. Xh......^-; ''-v;- 
 
 ' '. " -..-..-'.'.''' '-. ' ^ 
 
 V ; Pitman, John W., Galesburg, e. Sept. 8, 1862, res. Jan. 7, 1863. .'^^' ; ': 
 
 : ; Snyder, Jacob H., Galesburg, missing May i6, 1865. V,,.;;/X .;^- . w - ^ 
 
 -% ' Quartermasters ,;^ - 
 
 .;; Rugar, Francis H., Galesburg, e. Aug. i6, 1862, res. for pro. Aug. 17, 1863. ;-> .: .i/ . 
 ; Hamilton, Hobert, Galesburg, e. Aug., , m. o. June 6, 1865. ; , : ; . 
 
 .;;.;': .%::.; .i-'Xv , Surgeons ; :'././"'.:' .^^ '':,''/.' ';^V 
 
 . , Hamilton, William, Oneida, e. Aug. 25, 1862, m. o. June 6, 1865. '- . .-t - .'r ' 
 ' ; ;'' Stanway, Thomas S., res. Aug. 13, 1864. 
 ::. Bigger, David Pi, Henderson, trans, to 9th Regt, Inf. , 
 
 .^;-' . ".^ .:=: Chaplain > 
 
 Tullis, Amos K., Henderson, e. Sept. 8, 1862, res. Dec. 21, 1862. 
 
 
320 
 
 HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY 
 
 ,;;.sf[-.jv . , Q. M. Sergeant 
 
 Shove, Clarence V., Oneida, m. o. June 6, 1865. 
 
 Commissary Sergeant 
 
 ' Courtney, Edward C., Oneida, m. o. June 6, 1863. 
 
 Hospital Stewards .-. > ' '.. ': 
 
 Shaw, John B., Knoxville, disch. July 15, 1863. ';;/:,"' 
 Knapp, James B., Oneida, m. o. June 6, 1865. ;',, .* ^.. - 
 
 N-::^;..'.' Principal Musician -A ;;?:.;'::'.: 
 
 Taylor, A. V. B., Galesburg, m. o. June 6, 1865. , /" 
 
 '',:1^ ;.';:;_' --^ '. ; ^.' ' : .' COMPANY A /;:;; ....V' -.;''': .,;^vv^t 
 
 ' ' Captains 
 
 Harding, Roderick R., Galesburg, e. Sept. 2, 1862, res. Jan. 7, 1863. 
 Andrews, T. H., Galesburg, e. July 25, 1862, m. o. June 6, 1865. 
 
 First Lieutenant ^ \^ ^ ^ \ 
 Courtney, Michael, res. Dec. 21, 1863. . r . 
 
 '.-, '.'' , - ' -';-' , ': Corporal :-. .": ''.':V,^- '';':;';:', ' ' 
 
 Holmes, J. R., Henderson, e. Aug. lo, 1862, died at Mill Creek, Nov. 3, 1863. 
 
 Privates 
 
 Brittingham, T. B., Henderson, e. Aug. 6, 1862, m. o. June 6, 1865. 
 Brittingham, S., Henderson, e. Aug. lo, 1862, disch. March 12, 1863, dis. 
 Eicher, S., Henderson, e. Aug. lo, 1862, m. o. June 6, 1865. : j 
 Giligur, P. H., Henderson, e. Aug. 20, 1862, m. o. June 6, 1865. ' 
 
 Offutt, F., Rio, e. Aug. 6, 1862, died at New Albany, Ind., Nov. lo, 1862. 
 Rogers, C. H., Abingdon, e. Aug. 13, 1862, died at Frankfort, Ky., Oct. 21, 
 
 1862. ' ' ";.'-';:, : :-A.;V V ,... j.. //::-,;; 
 
 Rogers, Geo. A., Abingdon, e. Aug. 13, 1862, died at Louisville, Ky., June 
 10, 1864. 
 
 Richardson, A., Knoxville, e. Aug. i8, 1862, absent, wd., at m. o. regt. 
 
 Vanfleet, O. B., Sparta, e. Aug. 13. 1862, m. o. June 6, 1865. 
 ; . Olson, Swan H., Galesburg, e. Aug. lo, 1862, m. o. June 6, 1865. 
 
 ' ''-i.'-^^'-::"\ - ' , COMPANY B ;.; .,^'. .'.'-->'"; ;.^.0''^' 
 
 ! First Sergeant 
 
 Gregg, John B., Henderson, e. Aug. 13, 1862, disch. March 13, 1863, dis. 
 
 - . Sergeant ': ,:1 ;.'.. >. - j 
 
 Miles, Henry C., Henderson, e. Aug. 5, 1862, disch. Feb. 5, 1863, disability. 
 
,. .; V- x: :! - - : HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY ''{^'- ;:; 321 
 
 ;'/; Ct.-''::^-. >'".-! "''-'-^^ Corporals v-/'---.' : '"yr l^.f >.i'-J>'.-^ 
 
 ; Durand, Morton M., Henderson, e. Aug. 19, 1862, m. o. June 15, 1865. ,- 
 
 Daugherty, Michael, Henderson, e. Aug. 9, 1862, m. o. June 6, 1865, sergt. 
 
 Rich, John, Henderson, e. Aug. 5, 1862, died at Gallatin, March 12, 1863. _ - 
 
 i ' -/ 
 
 ' -'..' ,'' ; .' '^'': .\-::^-/ .^ '' . - Musician '.^:: ' ''''' ' ' ..-'^'..r: ;.'--!-;'' 
 
 Hodges, John, Galesburg, e. Aug. ii, 1862, m. o. June 6, 1865. '^ : ' -. J 
 
 . Privates -'I 
 
 Blake, H., Rio, e. Aug. ii, 1862, died at Gallatin, April 28, 1863, wounded. 
 
 , Brown, J. H., Henderson, e. Aug. 6, 1862, m. o. June 6, 1865. 
 
 Badger, J., Rio, e. Aug. ii, 1862, m. o. June 6, 1865. ! / * : > ;-, ;,^;' ;! 
 
 Brown, A., Henderson, e. Aug. 15, 1862, disch. Feb. i, 1863, disability. . . 
 Burton, H. B., Henderson, e. Aug. 22, 1862, disch. Jan. i6, 1863, disability. 
 Coziah, Geo., Rio, e. Aug. ii, 1862, trans, to Eng. Corps. ; 
 
 Duffey, F. M., Henderson, e. Sept. 2, 1862, disch. Sept. 14, 1863, disability. .;. 
 Davis, Thomas, Henderson, e. Aug. 20, 1862, m. o. June 6, 1865. " V 
 
 Gregg, John, Galesburg, e. Aug. 22, 1862, m. o. July 22, 1865, prisoner. ",-- 
 Hite, Thomas M., Henderson, e. Aug. 14, 1862, disch. Dec. 22, 1862. ..: 
 
 Miles, F. F., Galesburg, e. Aug. 5, 1862, disch. Feb. 21, 1863, disability. 
 Maxwell, Robert, Henderson, e. Aug. 14, 1862, absent sick at m. o. regiment. 
 Maxey, S. J., Persifer, e. Aug. 22, 1862, killed at Kenesaw Mt., July 21, 1864, 
 Rogers, Harvey, Henderson, e. Aug. 21, 1862, died at Gallatin, Jan. i, 1863. 
 Reynolds, Henry, Henderson, e. Aug. 22, 1862, died at Gallatin, Dec. 13, 1862. 
 Sohoman, James, Henderson, e. Aug. 12, 1862, absent sick, m. o. regiment. 
 Straw, L. B., Henderson, e. Aug. 14, 1862, killed at Peach Tree Creek, Ga., 
 
 July 20, 1864. .."-v.:. : ' :;V V' :-.^ ^V'; 
 
 Trout, Manuel, Henderson, e. Aug. ii, 1862, m. o. June 6, 1865. ""; 
 
 Trout, Lewis, Henderson, e. Aug. 9, 1862, disch. Jan. 31, 1863, corpl., dis. ji 
 Wooley, R. B., Rio, e. Aug. ii, 1862, m. c. June 6, 1865. ': 
 
 Webber, Benj., Rio, e. Aug. ii, 1862, m. o. June 6, 1865. '^ ' '; -i ' ; 
 
 Nelson, Newton, m. o. June 6, 1865. ^^ . ^;- .. >. v -. ' ' ' ^^''""' '^'^'''-^^ J'^.: 
 
 ';;..'":/'.,. ;V. ..:'.:'' " ;.;':, t: COMPANY C "'^'':, "' . ^"' ^;: ' ' ;, ;';;".-':.;.'::-.::;;/: 
 
 '^'" ''^ -''' ' - :': ''^ ' '^;' First Lieutenant ' ' \, ' ' -' ' .'\ :'' -^ "'''''-'' 
 
 Trego, Alfred H., Galesburg, Aug. 12, 1862, m. o. June 6, 1865. . ;!, .{' 
 
 .y;;:.--.- :/;;.;' ^:. '. A' :.,.'';::.,-:'.-,.... COMPANY D .: 
 
 .' >^:^;- ' ' " ' ' ' "'' Captains '' ' '''' -^ ..-,... 
 
 : .; . V Willsie, Horace H., Galesburg, e. Sept. 2, 1862, resigned April 19, 1863. 
 ;;: ' Matteson, O. B'., Maquon, e. Aug. 6, 1862, m. o. June 6, 1865. 
 
 ; !^^ V First Lieutenant :.;:;; 
 
 V. : -'^ Clay, Irwin L., Galesburg, e. Aug. lo, 1862, m. o. June 6, 1865. . ; 
 
 TeL I SI 
 
 ^ ' ' ' '..'-" .'.'-.' -; ' I 1 '''*'. ,'/ '. I . ' ' *. ", ^ ' ' - "* .''.'.' "!' - - ' ''''"''.''' 
 
 '''' "'. ~ - * ' "- . . . ,' . -'- * * '.-' '.." /-;'-' '.- '(' -,".'.- ,' .. *. - .*. .'- . .' ' V . ''*- . ' ' - 
 
322 
 
 HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY 
 
 Sergeants ; 
 
 Daggett, Franklin G., Galesburg, e. Aug. 14, 1862, m. o. June 6, 1865. 
 Chesebro, N. G., Galesburg, e. Aug. 3, 1862, trans, to Gen. Brig. 
 
 :'-":,;--^' ' ': - ' - ^ - , .' Corporals. /'-'':'/',-.:,':':., -;'v 
 
 White, James, Galesburg, e. Aug. 13, 1862, sergt., died at Stewart's Creek, ; V; 
 Aug. 9, 1863. 1 . -:x/r^;; 
 
 Bell, Thomas M., Galesburg, e. Aug. 8, 1862, m. o. June 6, 1865. ' ,< ''^/''- . 
 
 Boon, Hirma. Jr., Galesburg, e. Aug. 9, 1862, absent sick at m. o. regt. '...'.--; 
 
 Chamberlain, George W., Galesburg, e. Aug. 20, 1862, pro. lieut. in ist Tenn. ,''''::',. 
 
 H. Art. -.,- .-, ,. -^ .-.. :- . ,,;-. ..^.^: :;..:,.,;,.,- 
 
 Musician 
 Marble, Jesse H., Galesburg, e. Aug. 8, 1862, died at Gallatin, Tenn., Jan. 20, -/ ; ; 
 
 1863. ;='.,.'- .;-' :^ ''^;:;;;;^-;V^;;v'--y:-', ' 
 
 Wagoner 
 Hackett, Benj. F., Henderson, e. Aug. ii, 1862, m. o. June 6, 1865. 
 
 . - -;.'.. . ' Privates ' ^ ' ' 
 
 Area, Silas, Henderson, e. Aug. ii, 1862, m. o. June 6, 1865, as corpl. , -v 
 
 Anderson, R. B., Galesburg, e. Aug. ii, 1862, m. o. June 6, 1865. ] ; 
 
 Bell, Wm. A., Galesburg, e. Aug. 4, 1862, m. o. June 6, 1865, as sergt. 
 
 Babcock, J. D., Galesburg, e. Aug. 12, 1862, disch. Feb. 22, 1863, dis., entered 
 navy Aug. 30, 1864, m. o. Nov. 30, 1865. 
 Billings, E., Rio, e. Aug. 9, 1862, m. o. June 24, 1865, pris. of war. I : ; 
 
 Clark, G. F., Galesburg, e. Aug. 14, 1862, disch. Nov. 30, 1863, dis. 
 
 Canfield, W. E., Galesburg, e. Aug. 8, 1862, disch. March lO, 1865, disability. 
 
 Conley, John, Rio, e. Aug. 9, 1862, m. o. June 6, 1865. 
 
 Corkins, E., Oneida, e. Aug. 9, 1862, died at Nashville, Aug. 4, 1864, wounds. 
 
 Castle, C. M., Knox, e. Aug. 9, 1862, m. o. June 6, 1865, corpl. 1 , . 
 
 Champlin, E. E., Oneida, e. Aug. 9, 1862, corpl., killed Resaca, Ga., May 15, 
 1864. 
 
 Davison, A. W., Galesburg, e. Aug. 7, 1862, m. o. June 7, 1865. 
 
 Dunlap, Wm., Rio, e. Aug. 9, 1862, m. o. June 6, 1865, as corpl. 
 
 Groscup, C. L., Galesburg, e. Aug. ii, 1862, m. o. June 6, 1865. 
 
 Hilton, Frank, Galesburg, e. July 19, 1862, m. o. June 6, 1865. 
 
 Johnson, K., Galesburg, e. Aug. 14, 1862, absent sick at m. o. regt. 
 
 Kite, John, Galesburg, e. Aug. 22, 1862, disch. March 13, 1863, disability. 
 , Kite, John, Jr., Galesburg, e. Aug. 22, 1862, m. o. June 6, 1865. 
 
 Keller, M. J., Galesburg, e. Aug. ii, 1862, m. o. June 6, 1865. ; 1 -. 
 
 Lavery, Hugh, Rio, e. Aug. 9, 1862. 
 . Maul, F., Galesburg, e. Aug. 8, 1862, absent wounded, at m. o. regt. 
 
 Rounds. H., Henderson, e. July 19, 1862, disch. Dec. 4, 1862, dis. ^' 
 
 Rhykert, E. W., Galesburg, e. Aug. 6, 1862, m. o. June 6, 1865. ^ .1 ^^ - ; 
 
 Sherman, A., Galesburg, e. Aug. 6, 1862, m. o. June 24, 1865, corpl., prisoner 
 war. . -... - . . .,. -- . ., . . . , ...^ -.. . 
 
;y;:. '^> HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY .f/^ ., 323 
 
 ; ' ^^ -, Spencer, J., Sparta, e. Aug. ii, 1862, m. o. June 6, 1865. " - ' J'/ 
 
 0.- C ; -. : Tompkins, L, Galesburg, e. Aug. 9, 1862, disch. March 6, 1863, disability. 
 
 "'.. /Tribble, Wm., Henderson, e. Aug. 7, 1862, disch. May 6, 1863, disability. 
 v:> :;; ; ; Castle, H. C., Knox, co., e. Dec. 24, 1863, m. o. July 8, 1865. 
 
 y ;^ Hunt, W. B., Galesburg, e. Aug. 9, 1862, disch. April 17, 1865, disability. ;; 
 ; y Randall, D., Knox co., e. Dec. 24, 1863, m. o. July 8, 1865. '^ ' :" ; - 
 
 ; ; Randall, D. P., Knox co., e. Dec. 24, 1863, m. o. July 8, 1865. ? ; / ^ /- ;i 
 
 Randall, James R., Orange, e. Aug. 20, 1862, disch. Nov. 12, 1863, dis. ';':/ 
 
 y;; . Strain, J., Orange, e. Aug. 21, 1862, m. o. June 6, 1865. 'V :;/ 
 
 . -^ \ Tupper, Lewis, Galesburg, e. Aug. 21, 1862, disch. May 5, 1863, dis. ... '. ; 
 
 ;'..\:; ':,;..';.;.. vjiv'!' :.::.::-;.':,: COMPANY F .-^^JX.' ' ^ : i' >.'"": >!' 
 
 ':V' '..'"':-' .;''''.. V.^;: ;.'.'' Captotn 'j'l'r' ^ ;;';:' ?';^.-'-^'r'; ';:'''''' 
 
 :;; Wooley, Geo. W., Henderson, e. Oct. 14, 1863, m. o. June 6, 1865. /'./;--; .; 
 
 .'';.'}'' '"' ' '"'''' '"''''' First Lieutenants '' '' ' ',--'.'''.? '''^^V^'}A^'-^' '^ 'v ^ 
 
 Sullivan, O. J., Rio, e. Sept. 2, 1862, resigned Feb. 26, 1863. . ; v :":': v : 
 Peebles, R. S., Oneida, e. Oct. 14, 1863, m. o. June 6, 1865. 'f ^; -^. : ' 1; i ^ - 
 
 ;^/ ' .' , Second Lieutenant .1' ^ 
 
 ' Cornwell, Ethan A., Henderson, e. Sept. 2, 1862, resigned Nov. 24, 1862. .-: \ \ 
 
 !..,:"..> "''. -::'-v.-< .\:' '"''' "-:'--''~^: Sergeants ^ . ---i^'-l^'- X" : .-'-^ .'., '.'^ .>--^_^- V'-V:;;:-' .^/V 
 
 Epperson, Charles S., Rio, e. Aug. 7, 1862, disch. Feb. 22, 1863, disability. V 
 
 ; V > Plummer, Geo. W., Henderson, e. Aug. 7, 1862, m. o. June 6, 1863, as ist ." ' 
 
 '>:';'X}' sergt. ...^^ ,:.':''-''"' 
 
 } ; Timberlake, Wm., Rio, e. Aug. 12, 1862, disch. Feb. 22, 1863, disability. -. '" r 
 
 ;'.':';'-; X'- .:,:;.:. .'^;';.- ".^.-:v.. ';.\^>'-:-'^"- , Corporals ; :/,; ;;.--;'-'^''" ';'';.!=:'! A/';-."'' 
 
 . , Heare, John W., Rio, e. Aug. 7, 1862, disch. March 2, 1863, disability,'' \' "^ _ / 
 
 V; ; V ' Levalley, Stephen, Rio, e. Aug. 15, 1862, m. o. June 6, 1865, sergt. ' ' , ". J~," '; 
 
 ;:. . Epperson, Thomas, Rio, e. Aug. 7, 1862, disch. Feb. 27, 1863, dis. ^ c- v .: 
 
 . - . Robertson, Martin, Rio, e. Aug. ii, 1862, disch. Feb. ii, 1863, dis. Vr - . ; / 
 
 : Ferkins, Alfred B., Henderson, e. Aug. 5, 1862, m. o. June 6, 1865. .!'.":: : 
 
 ,://.;. ' - . ^ IVagoner ' '- ;.''s .''-::-.':'' ^^'\ 
 
 >\ Vonmeter, Strand, Henderson, e. Aug. 1862, disch. Jan. 19, 1863, dis. -A ;; ^^' . 
 
 '' '."''-. ^'-':- "' ' :.. ' .''-:-^ ';;<';:.'. v-.-'. Privates :-v'^:-' /''.' ^ ' "- ^: j'.-:-^. .'.'; V'^^"'--' ''.-'.' -^ 
 - ; Amy, Vandom-, Henderson, e. Aug. 13, 1862, died at Gallatin, Tenn., Jan. 22, .X' ; 
 
 >..;-;.; 1863. ,.._ ,.;-...:..,.. :-^.-..-J-:r /y 
 
 . . Briggs, A. C., Rio, e. Aug. 14, 1862, m. o. June 6, 1865. ,; '.':.'; ' 
 
 ;Q Brooks, A. B., Henderson, e. Aug. i, 1862, absent sick at m. o. regt .' ' ; ' 
 
 ; ' : Burton, Oliver, Henderson, e. Aug. 7, 1862, m. o. June 6, 1865. > . ; 
 
 Bueschel, J. A., Henderson, Aug. 22, 1862, discharged Jan. 21, 1863, disability. : > 
 
 " '" ,v .-.'X:; ''. '.'.-'-''. v-s^f ^; ;. ' ' .^'''^':^f^-''---f^^-f'.^--'-^\'":^-.-. '- ; .'.:'' '<Vv;/''>.^'i:>^-:''^'' 
 
824 
 
 HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY 
 
 _ ,- Bennett, E., Henderson, e. Aug. 20, 1862, m. o. June 6, 1865. 
 ;. Bair, David, Rio, e. Aug. 7, 1862, absent wounded at m. o. of regt. 
 
 Cubbage, James, Henderson, e. Aug. 9, 1862, m, o. June 6, 1865. 
 Casson, Levi, Henderson, e. Aug. 20, 1862, disch. Aug. 9, 1863, disability. 
 Champion, J. H., Henderson, e. Aug. 5, 1862, m. o. June 6, 1865, as corpl. 
 Dunham, W. O., e. Aug. 9, 1862. -. , 
 
 Dean, Thomas, Henderson, e. Sept. 3, 1862, m. o. June 6, 1865. 
 
 Dean, Dan'l, Henderson, e. Aug. ii, 1862, m. o. June 6, 1865. 
 
 Epperson, Wm., Rio, e. Aug. 9, 1862, absent sick at m. o. of regt. 
 \:\ Fulton, J., Rio, e. Aug. 19, 1862, m. o. June 6, 1865. .;;.- . ( 
 
 Fuller, H., Knoxville. ;: ; : -,^ 
 
 Fairbanks, L. W., Rio, e. Aug. lo, 1862, disch. Jan. 17, 1863, dis. 
 
 Gorman, J. B., Henderson, e. Aug. ii, 1862, corporal, died at Nashville, June 
 i6, 1864. 
 
 Green, Caleb I., Oneida, e. Aug. 5, 1862, m. o. June 6, 1865. -. 
 
 Green, Caleb, Oneida, e. Aug. 5, 1862, m. o. June 6, 1865. 
 
 Hahn, Paul, Rio, e. Aug. 14, 1862, died at Nashville, Jan. 9, 1863. 
 
 Hardenbrook, I. A., Rio, e. Aug. 13, 1862, m. o. June 6, 1865, as sergt. 
 Hall, J. S., Rio, e. Aug. 2, 1862, m. o. June 6, 1865, as corpl. 
 
 Inick, Joseph, Henderson, e. Aug. 8, 1862, m. o. June 24, 1865, as corpl., 
 prisoner of war. . .- :.. . . . 
 
 Kernell, J.. Henderson, e. Aug. 22, 1862. 
 ' Key, M. V., Henderson, e. Aug. 6, 1862, m. o. June 6, 1865. ' 
 
 Linn, Wm., Rio, e. Aug. ii, 1862, m. o. June 6, 1865. 
 - Meadows, Charles, Rio, e. Aug. ii, 1862, disch. March 2, 1863, dis. 
 
 Morse, A., Henderson, e. Aug. 15, 1862, disch. March 2, 1863, dis. 
 
 McDermott, P., Rio, e. Aug. 4, 1862, disch. Dec. lO, 1862, dis. 
 
 Mason, L. L., Rio, e. Aug. 14, 1862, m. o. June 6, 1865, as corpl. 
 
 Merrick, Thomas, Henderson, e. Aug. 5, 1862, ist sergt., died of wounds, 
 Nov. 15, 1864. , - ' r ' -^ .';';. I 
 
 McDermott, Thomas, Rio, e. Aug. 22, 1862, died at Gallatin, Jan. 29, 1863. 
 
 Morse, J. M., Henderson, e. Aug. 14, 1862, disch. Feb. 27, 1863, dis. 
 
 Nation, William, Henderson, e. Aug. 13, 1862. 1 - . 
 
 Nelson, Myron, Henderson, e. Aug. 14, 1862, m. o. June 6, 1865, as sergt. 
 
 O'Brien, Matthew, Knox co., e. Aug. 6, 1862, m. o. June 6, 1865. j .; . 
 
 Presson, O. F., Henderson, e. Aug. i, 1862, m. o. June 6, 1865, as corpl. ; :>; 
 , Pool, T. H., Rio, e. July 25, 1862, m. o. June 6, 1865. 
 
 Rusk, Hiram, Rio, e. Aug. lo, 1862, m. o. June 6, 1865. :. > 
 
 Rusk. David, Rio, e. Aug. lo, 1862. '-.'.':-/-': . 
 
 Rusk, John, Rio, e. Aug. lo, 1862, disch. Dec. 20, 1862, disability. 
 
 Rafferty, Michael, Henderson, e. Aug. 22, 1862, m. o. June 6, 1865. 
 . Roundtree, W. D., Rio, e. Aug. 7, 1862. 
 . . Rose, Andrew, Henderson, e. Aug. 22, 1862, died at Gallatin, Feb. 3, 1863. ; 
 Rusk, Enoch, Rio, e. Aug. ii, 1862, m. o. June 6, 1865. 1 
 
 Spence, Geo. A., Henderson, e. Aug. 6, 1862, disch. March 2, 1863, disability. 
 '. Smith, Joseph, Henderson, e. Aug. 20, 1862, absent sick at m. o. of regt. . 
 
:;yj-:;:J :;:,;:/. HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY ;?:- ; 826 
 
 Stegall, F., Henderson, e. Aug. 14, 1863, absent wounded at m. o. of regt. 
 Smith, C., Henderson, e. Aug. 14, 1862, discharged Oct. 25, 1862, disability. 
 Salts, Laland, Rio, e. Aug. 14, 1862, disch. Jan. 9, 1868, dis. ; . 
 Waters, S. H., Henderson, e. Aug. 15, 1862. '.V , .^.:: -.^ 
 
 Wilson, David, Oneida, e. Aug. 22, 1862, m. o. June 6, 1865. , 
 
 Weir, J. K., Henderson, e. Aug. ii, 1862, m. o. June 6, 1865, as sergt. v' ; 
 Welch, Thomas, Henderson, e. Aug. 20, 1862, m. o. June 6, 1865. --T .v.-. 
 Warner, Asa H., Henderson, e. Aug. 9, 1862. -^^ - ;:'/ 
 
 Westerdale, Wm., Henderson, e. Aug. 6, 1862, m. o. June 6, 1865. -" - ,; 
 
 Young, David, Rio, e. Aug. 5, 1862, disch. March 27, 1863, disability. ;.;;.- 
 Young, Michael, Rio, e. Aug. 5, 1862, m. o. June 6, 1865. . '; 
 
 ; V : V Bennett. Geo., Henderson, e. March 22, 1864, m. o. July 8, 1865. v r^ >;: ; 
 
 '; Dredge, J. H., Henderson, March 22, 1864, m. o. July 8, 1865. _X , ' '.;.' 
 
 ; ; ..; : Durdan, I. C., Henderson, m. o. June 6, 1865. . v ..;'; 
 
 . :' . Drury, Wm., Henderson, died at Frankfort, Ky., Oct. 23, 1862. .'.-!."=: 
 -':.;; Eddleman, J., Henderson, e. March 22, 1864, m- o- July 8, 1865. / ' " ' 
 
 ; .,: , Errickson, Swan, Henderson, e. March 22, 1864, m. o. July 8, 1865. -v v 
 
 ' ' ,. ^ Gulliher, J. G. Knoxville, m. o. June 6, 1865. 
 
 Gokey, Nelson, Henderson, e. March 22, 1864, died at Mound City, Oct. 12, 
 |c.v;:-. 1864. ^v-;' :.:" :-'',- -:'' .:-X.-'::--' 
 
 . _" Hurbert, John, Henderson, e. March 22, 1864, absent sick at m. o. of regt. '.- 
 , -. : : Holton, Samuel, Henderson, e. March 22, 1864, m. o. July 8, 1865. . . ., .; 
 : j'; -. Maxwell, R., Henderson, e. March 31, 1864, m. o. July 8, 1865. '-^ . . 
 
 ; " V ;-, Maxwell, J. F., Henderson, e. March 14, 1864, m. o. July 8, 1865. ' , 
 
 ; .V , McGuire, Peter, Henderson, e. March 22, 1864, m. o. July 8, 1865. -A -'' : 
 
 ;'.: .-.^r O'ram, Benj., Henderson. -; ; :- v'. 
 
 . . ^>- : Stoud, N. B., Henderson, died at camp Nelson, June 19, 1864. H - 
 
 ' '. ; - ; Shepherd, Wm. H., Henderson, e. March 22, 1864, m. o. July 8, 1865. ; ^: 
 ; : ' Sperry, Geo. G., Henderson, e. March 22, 1864, m. o. July 8, 1865. 'Iv^ ' 
 
 V . Wiley, H., Henderson, e. March 22, 1864, m. o. July 8, 1865. 'JC-':-^----''[^'':^ '':'' 
 
 /\,::'-'iV\'-^V'.i''/;\;:. .'"':'.;-'.;:' r'--.:;'l:. COMPANY G ' ;;:;',';': v../ , , ,. v ;:;_.'-''. 
 
 ':'''::'''''':-'"''' X'-rJ-'^ '',-'->.'' Sergeants ." ' ' ^ ''-'.-'.'-' '>.'^ 
 
 ; ,' .;;'. Henry, Aaron G., Abingdon, e. Aug. 13, 1862, pro. 2d Lieut. ;'. 
 
 r . Seaton, Robert B., Abingdon, e. Aug. 15, 1862, died Sept. 27, 1862. ;:T ' 
 
 {'.-. ;.:;',;.:'';;/. -...''':'.:'.-.-.'-:': ^^: Corporals:'' ':y=^'^~ .". ," ^.f-^.: ':;!'-/:/';::. 
 
 :'- Douglas, Andrew J., Abingdon, e. Aug. 12, 1862, disch. Jan. 15, 1863. ; r;^ 
 'v'' Thomas, Geo. W., Abingdon, e. Aug. 15, 1862, m. o. June 6, 1865. '^''.. '^^'^ ' 
 
 :'{.':'-'' ' ' ^- >,.'.>;- Privates --..;.- ..--.-.. :-^;^.-^;0.,.-- 
 
 ' X; Baker, J. O., Abingdon, e. Aug. 9, 1862, disch. May 9, 1865, disability. ^^V ;:;- 
 ;' Butcher, S. W., Abingdon, e. Aug. 14, 1862, m. o. June 6, 1865, as corpl. ^^^T : 
 
826 
 
 HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY 
 
 Cameron, R., Abingdon, e, Aug. 14, 1862, m. o. June 6, 1865. .^_ 
 Cameron, Peter, Abingdon, e. Aug. 15, 1862, m. o. June 6, 1865. 
 Cummins, J. C., Abingdon, e. Aug. 6, 1862, m. o. June 6, 1865, as sergt. 
 Banner, S. H., Abingdon, e. Aug. ii, 1862, disch. Jan. 15, 1863. 
 Fox, J. H., Abingdon, e. Aug. 12, 1862, m. o. June 6, 1865, as corpl. 
 Henry, John, Abingdon, e. Aug. 14, 1862, disch. Jan. 13, 1863. ; 
 Hauck, J. E., Abingdon, e. Aug. ii, 1862, m. o. June 6, 1865. ..- 
 Hoy, R. M., Abingdon, e. Aug. ii, 1862, died Dec. 24, 1862. 5 ; 
 Jay, Alvah, Abingdon, e. Aug. 9, 1862, m. o. June 6, 1865. '' ; 
 Johns, F. W., Abingdon, e. Aug. 14, 1862, disch. Jan. 12, 1865. 
 Murphy, M. R., Abingdon, e. Aug. 6, 1862, m. o. June 6, 1865. 
 Pearson, W. S., Abingdon, e. Aug. 6, 1862, m. o. June 6, 1865. ' 
 Stevens, J. A., Abingdon, e. Aug. 14, 1862, m. o. June 6, 1865. 
 Starns, Samuel, Abingdon, e. Aug. i6, 1862, m. o. June 6, 1865. 
 Seaton, D. B., Abingdon, e. Aug. 15, 1862, trans, to Eng. Corps. 
 Wilkinson, Lewis, Abingdon, e. Aug. 15, 1862, m. o. June 6, 1865, as corpl. 
 Winters, Thomas, Abingdon, e. Aug. 6, 1862, m. o. June 6, 1865. 
 Brewer, J. B., Abingdon, m. o. June 6, 1865. 
 Vance, J. C., Abingdon, m. o. June 6, 1865. ' ' ' ' ' 
 Webster, J. A., Abingdon, e. Aug. i6, 1862, disch. Jan. 26, 1865, disability. 
 
 V. '/v>' '.,'"'- ' COMPANY H '"-.':'';/;,-" :-.^ ',-.'- 
 
 Captain . y v- . 
 
 Elliott, Hiram, Persifer, Oct. 24, 1862, m. o. June 6, 1865. ,: v 
 
 ''. ^',.',- ;,;,, ; -, . First Lieutenant ',;;'"/';' -/-v-' .--''.:.' ? 
 
 Thomas, John, Galesburg, e. Oct. 24, 1862, on detached service at m. o. of 
 
 ;:: Second Lieutenant / -i , : 
 
 Tucker, Samuel, Truro, e. Oct. 24, 1862, m. o. June 6, 1865. . '. 
 
 .-'.' '- '"' 
 
 ^'^-'^'' ' Sergeants '' '' -' 
 
 Parker, Geo. W., Truro, e. Aug. 20, 1862, disch. Feb. 24, 1863, disability. 
 Seward, S. S., Truro, e. Aug. 8, 1862, m. o. June 6, 1865. . I \, , ' 
 
 Cummings, Geo. P., Truro, e. Aug. 13, 1862, accidentally killed Oct. 31, 1864. 
 Shinn, Harmon C., Truro, e. Aug. 4, 1862, killed at Peach Tree Creek, July 20, 
 1864. 
 
 Corporals .';''' ' 1;.:, ; . . 
 
 Bullard, Albert, Persifer, e. Aug. 14, 1862, m. o. June 6, 1865, sergt. 1. ,;. 
 German, Geo. W., Truro, e. Aug. 20, 1862, m. o. June 6, 1865, as sergt. ;~ ; 
 Kasiah, Joseph, Knoxville, e. Aug. 14, 1862, disch. Jan. 15, 1863, disability. 
 Dillon, Peter F., Persifer, e. Aug. 14, 1862, died May 27, 1864, of wounds. \. 
 German, John, Truro, e. Aug. 20, 1862, m. o. June 6, 1865, as sergt. 
 Cole, Stephen D., Galesburg, e. July 25, 1862, discharged April 8, 1863. 
 Bergquist, Andrew J., Galesburg, e. Aug. i, 1862, transferred to Eng. Corps. 
 
:^. ''';", .!^,'(,^-:-:'-\f'r'^^y^^ HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY :. ^.^;:-/^:--f' 32? 
 
 .%.: v-;'.;',;/- '.,-. ;.-;, Musicians -.' ;7 .-"- /..;;.,: :. 
 
 :-:- Johnson, T. S., Galesburg, e. Aug. 15, 1862, m. o. June 6, 1865. ; - v^;-; >: 
 
 ; Bradford, Winslow H., Persifer, e. Aug. 6, 1862, m. o. June 6, 1865. ';: ;^ ;;y/^ 
 
 /:.;;-,' ' - -.v'-'-' -^ ';;:' ^v.-^'' ^ '';': Wagoner 
 :% Foster, Daniel J., Elba, e. Aug. 4, 1862. ;; 
 
 '" '' ^ 
 
 -,'-' Privates -:-'-.-:;./^''\-! V ' ;--..;^J' --J^ . 
 
 Ackerson, M., Galesburg, e. Aug. 20, 1862, m. o. June 6, 1865. ' V... . , - .^ :. 
 
 .;- Brobest, Obed, Elba, e. Aug. 4, 1862, disch. Jan. 15, 1863, disability. ;.;>:V'; ; ' ' 
 
 ' ; :^ Bullard, Calvin, Elba, e. Aug. 5, 1862, m. o. Juhe 6, 1865. V-; ;. .;:,:v- ^ .:'/.': 
 
 - ; ;; Bullard, E., Persifer, e. Aug. 5, 1862, absent sick at m. o. of regt. :; _,,;: - '':.;> ';,'. 
 
 ;: C; Bryson, Robert, Elba, e. Aug. 5, 1862, m. o. June 6, 1865, as corpl. C ^' ';:^i v;^r -. . 
 ; V: Barlow, Frank, Elba, Aug. 8, 1862, disch. Feb. 2, 1863, disability. .!',-' 
 
 - ' Baird, D. H., Elba, e. Aug. ii, 1862, corpl., killed at Resaca, Ga., May 15, 
 
 1864. :.-.;;,;::/..,;'\ X ''"-./'^ --'/',.;-,;':'- 
 
 :; Bankson OIoflF, Galesburg, e. Aug. i, 1862, m. o. June 6, 1865. J^- ^--i'^ --"' " 
 
 Belcher, Ira B., Truro, e. Aug. i8, 1862, disch. Feb. 24, 1863, disability. Vv/:: .,^ ; -. . 
 ': Catterton, James, Elba, e. Aug. 4, 1862, trans, to V. R. C. //p-:- ' ; 
 
 >\^ Collins, J. W., Truro, e. Aug. 8, 1862, m. o. June 6, 1865. /-' -'-iV ;;,;':;;; 
 
 ^ ' Cunningham, R. B., Truro, e. Aug. 14, 1862, disch. Dec. 15, 1863, disability. % . ;,. 
 
 :: Canny, Thomas, Elba, e. Aug. 14, 1862, m. o. June 6, 1865. ;. ;r; .. , .--;;;:'; -.1 ? 
 
 :, Daniel, James, Persifer, e. Aug. 8, 1862, m. o. June 6, 1865. ;;. ;;.;;!>.'>:. . V 
 
 ;~\.' Daniel, Orange, Elba, e. Aug. 13, 1862, m. o. June 6, 1865. : / v '^ v'' ' - 
 
 :'-_l- Daniel, Wm., Persifer, e. Aug. i8, 1862, m. o. June 6, 1865. ^: :. :':^-:'^^:- '_' V :; 
 
 c Elliott, Warren, Persifer, e. Aug. 4, 1862, m. o. June 6, 1865, as corpl. 'v; ' ' 
 
 ; Elliott, James, Persifer, e. Aug. 7, 1862, killed at Resaca, Ga., May 15, 1864. . ' 
 
 ;- Foster, W. W., Elba. -^-. r? 
 
 :-, Farquar, T. B., Persifer, e. Aug. 8, 1862, disch. March 7, 1863, disability. V 
 
 ':.: Freeborn, R. N., Galesburg, e. Aug. i, 1862, m. o. June 6, 1865. .'''. v.; '.'[ 
 
 - Gardner, Alfred, Persifer, e. Aug. 6, 1862, m. o. June 6, 1865. ^.r - . : . vT; '' 
 
 '...' Gordon, C. H., Galesburg, e. Aug. i, 1862, disch. July 5, 1864, disability. .' . - : ;'. 
 , J. Gaston, J. W., Galesburg, e. Aug. 15, 1862, pro. ass't surgeon, sgth regiment. "I".'":- ' 
 
 - V . Gearhart, J., Oneida, e. Aug. 9, 1862, m. o. June 6, 1865, as corpl. ''..'! " 
 .^.;v Hogue, J. W., Elba, e. Aug. 6, 1862, m. o. June 6, 1865, as corpl. .:.-.. '; .. ..-,'.; 
 
 . Hogue, Jonathan, Elba, e. Aug. 6, 1862, m. o. June 6, 1865. .r;'; V X ^^ ^ 
 
 .'.;. Hunt, Oloff A., Galesburg, e. Aug. 20, 1862, m. o. June 6, 1865. "^^'...7. v C ' '/. 
 
 ;C'' Hammond, R. F., Galesburg, e. July 26, 1862. X;.: IJ,;4:-.:^.., ' 
 
 - Johnson, A., Galesburg, e. Aug. i, 1862, died March 28, 1863. ".I-- .-;'--'-.>:' ';':.: 
 ;. ; Knight, Samuel, Haw Creek, e. Aug. 6, 1862, accidentally killed, July 19, 1864. 
 
 ' Kimler, Joseph, Truro, e. Aug. 12, 1862, m. o. June 6, 1865. . . , .. 
 
 ';; Light, J. A., Elba. '''' '^ "'',;;''^"..'^--' ..';': 
 
 >: Lawrence, L. A., Elba, e. Aug. 7, 1862, m. o. June 6, 1865, as ist sergt. \ . \ ; - . 
 
 Miranda, Geo., Persifer, e. Aug. 6, 1862, disch. Aug. 26, 1864, disability. V ' - 
 
 .- Mire, J. F., Persifer, e. Aug. 6, 1862, detailed hospital steward. , .:,.' =-..- . 
 
 --^V Millen, Allen, Truro, e. Aug. 13, 1862, m. o. June 6, 1865, as corpl. . :,i;^'.v .-^ < - : 
 
 '^' '":!:: ^:^ -''.;.; : ' 
 
828 
 
 HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY 
 
 Matthews, S. H., Galesburg, e, Aug. i, 1862, disch. May i6, 1865, disability. 
 
 Owens, Harvey, Elba, e. Aug. 5, 1862, disch. Oct. 7, 1863, disability. 
 
 Owens, Geo., Elba, e. Aug. 5, 1862, m. o. June 6, 1865. 
 
 Patten, D. N., Elba, e. Aug. 8, 1862, disch. Oct. 2, 1863, disability. . 
 j Powell, C., Elba, e. Aug. 8, 1862, m. o. June 6, 1865. 
 . Palmer, H., Truro, e. Aug. i, 1862, m. o. June 6, 1865. ; 
 
 . Pratt, C. R. Abingdon, e. Aug. 19, 1862, disch. Sept. lO, 1863, disability. S 
 
 Parrish, E., Elba, e. Aug. 21, 1862, m. o. June 6, 1865, as corpl. . V 
 
 Parrish, I. L., Elba, e. Aug. 5, 1862, m. o. June 6, 1865. I \ r .' 
 
 Ralph, Francis, Knoxville, e. Aug. 20, 1862, died May 20, 1864, wounds. 
 
 Shinn, J. D., Knoxville, e. Aug. 20, 1862, m. o. June 6, 1865. 
 
 Smith, C. G., Knoxville, e. Aug. 20, 1862, absent, disability at m. o. of regt. 
 
 Scott. J. F., Knoxville, e. Aug. i8, 1862, pro. lieut. in the i6th U. S. C. troops. 
 
 Snider, S., Truro, e. Aug. 8, 1862, m. o. June 6, 1865. 
 
 Shaw, Fitch, Knoxville, e Aug. 8, 1862, m. o. June 6, 1865. 
 
 Simpkins, J. B., Wataga, e. Aug. 9, 1862, m. o. June 6, 1865. / r ; ' 
 
 Selstrom, C., Galesburg, e. Aug. 6, 1862, m. o. June 6, 1865. 
 
 Thomas, J. L., Truro, e. Aug. lo, died at Gallatin, Tenn., Dec. 30, 1862. ; '. 
 
 Temple, S., Truro, e. Aug. 8, 1862, m. o. June 6, 1865. I 
 
 Tucker, Thomas, Elba, e. Aug. 5, 1862, m. o. June 6, 1865. 
 
 Truelson, Nels, Galesburg, e. Aug. 13, 1862, disch. May 3, 1865, disability. 
 
 Van Winkle, P. R., Truro, e. Aug. 14, 1862, died at Bowling Green, Ky., Feb. 
 lO, 1863. 
 
 , Volk, Wm. P., Knoxville, e. Aug. 13, 1862, died at Bucyrus, Ohio, May 30, 
 1863. . I X ^- 
 
 Walker, Geo., Knoxville, e. Aug. 5, 1862, m. o. June 6, 1865, corpl. 
 
 Wilhelm. Isaac, Persifer, e. Aug. ii, 1862, disch. Jan. 12, 1863, disability. r 
 
 ' ..rV'i'%-; '; ,, ' ' Recruits ;' ';-',':..'.;.'"'.'' 
 
 Arie, Thos., Haw Creek, e. Sept. 28, 1864, m. o. June 6, 1865. 
 
 Arie, Henry, Haw Creek, e. Sept. 28, 1864, absent sick m. o. regiment. 
 
 Balch, E., Elba, e. Aug. lo, 1862, m. o. June 6, 1865. 
 
 Coakley, N. B., Knoxville, e. Aug. lO, 1862. i. ,j ; 
 
 Dunlea, Michael, Knoxville. '' .- ,.:;:'.' 
 
 Lemmon, Wm., Haw Creek, e. Feb. 13, 1865, m. o. July 6, 1865. 
 
 Mire, R. F., Haw Creek, e. June 22, 1863, m. o. July 8, 1865. 
 
 McClellan, F., Galesburg, e. Aug. 13, 1862, m. o. June 6, 1865. 
 
 Mott, I. E. B., Truro, e. Aug. i8, 1862, m. o. June 6, 1865. 
 
 Rowland, Sidney, Elba, e. Aug. i8, 1862, m. o. June 6, 1865.. . 
 
 Sargeant, W. G., Persifer, e. Aug. 14, 1862, m. o. June 6, 1865. 
 . ; Smith, W. H., Elba, e. Aug. lo, 1862, died at Scottsville, Ky., Dec. i, 1862. 
 
 Snider, Amos, Saluda, e. Dec. 7, 1863, m. o. June 6, 1865. 
 ' Wolf, Warren, Truro, e. Aug. 28, 1863, m. o. June 6, 1865. 
 
A;; ;^;.;p >^ . :>^^^ ^ OF KNOX COUNTY ^ ;;;;>. 329 -y 
 
 ' .^.; /v-;^-'-:' .:v ^' ^^^7;^7 'V::-"v:^V COMPANY I ., v/ '; ' - ^ ;'X.".'--V;'-' "';-./ -.7 '''. 
 
 ;^^ ".;';;..'\v;;-' ' /' -' ^ .^;,-.". /-'-"., Captains .-.:.>: \-' . :.'...' -^ ,^;r;;;^. ;-,:'.-: ^ . 
 
 ;" r;^/r King, Geo. H., Oneida, e. Sept. 2, 1862, resigned Sept. 14, 1863. " v-V \ 
 .>;\;; r% . Conger, Edwin H., Galesburg, e. Sept. 14, 1863, m. o. June 6, 1865. >;V^';.- ';::, 
 
 ;".'/ ;v.' ' : ' ' First Lieutenant ' "" '':/'-;,,;;l.;.. . ; f':' \ 
 
 ;.'" 'v7: Shahan, Daniel W., Oneida, e. Sept. 14, 1863, m. o. June 6, 1865. ^ {.; ' ' 
 
 -:,.;";'.,'-.: V-v\;';.v -'.. - v' ^^^:.''',^.''.i^, Second Lieutenant ,-,. ; , ^ . , ^ -',: ^' .-;7::v'..7':;;v;''.'\.;.V:- 
 ' ' Bonnell, John L., Oneida, e. Sept. 2, 1862, resigned Feb. 4, 1864. ;;:-'>-^ : v 
 
 /7 : ':';;^;-- ' " '" ' ' ...-:-. Sergeants " ' '" " '' ' ' ' ' ''":''V-';-{7~'-,;-?''7 ' 
 
 '>' Beals, Reuben, Oneida, e. Aug. 9, 1862, m. o. June 6, 1865, ist sergt. \ -?f - :> ?>"- 
 ' 7; v, 7 Hall, Geo. W., Oneida, e. Aug. 9, 1862, m. o. June 6, 1865. :>;;-: 7^? =:; 
 
 ' 'v '' ' ^^.. ; ;, \',- Corporals .'.':V.-X.-'- :>.;.'; ^:^''-" 
 
 ,: : .Brown, Wm. H., Oneida, e. Aug. 9, 1862, m. o. June, 1865, sergt. ': / 
 
 . Blossom, O. E., Oneida, e. Aug. 9, 1862, disch. Feb. 17, 1863, disability. ; v - ; 
 
 . . : McComack, Peter, Oneida, e. Aug. 9J 1862, m. o. June 6, 1865, sergt. .-.;:;;;: 
 - : ' Fulton, Christopher C., Sparta, e. Aug. 9, 1862, disch. Nov. 20, 1864. ; '^ ' V* . 
 . ;,;. Rikert, Theodore M., Oneida, e. Aug. 9, 1862, m. o. June 6, 1865. /---.;. 
 
 : " ; Murray, Geo., Oneida, e. Aug. 9, 1862, disch. Oct. 7, 1862, disability. . ' ' 
 
 Brinkerhoff, John W., Oneida, e. Aug. 9, 1862, m. o. June 6, 1865, sergt. :->.^ 
 
 :-::'..':'-"' '-:i^'-.' .:.-:- .--^ :;,.;::: ^ v- ':;..;/;; Muscian ' - . . ',-'..'';' ^';''^. '-%.'/:''; 
 
 . .; ' Willis, Rodney M., Oneida, e. Aug. 9, 1862, m. o. June 6, 1865. ; :.-' 
 
 ;;; ^ : , ; ' ' ' ' '" ' '"' '"' ' Privates ' - ' ' -'- ' -- ' '.; 
 
 ' . : Aiken, Harvey L., Oneida, e. Aug. 9, 1862, died at Stuarts Creek, June 22, - 
 
 ':7-' .: 1863. - ./-:- ^v-: ::-'-:^.-r-:':^.::^-i : ' . ---;;^;.::- :' ' -^^. v .. 
 
 :.'._: Aiken, Edward A., Oneida, e. Aug. 9, 1862, corporal, killed at Resaca, Ga., _ . 
 
 ;i-' ; May 15, 1864. , ^ . ,^,. _ .;>. 
 
 ''7' . Bunnell, James, Oneida, e. Aug. 9, 1862, m. o. June 6, 1865. ' ^''' '''. .:'V-^i'' ' 7 
 
 Bulkeley, John, Oneida, e. Aug. 9, 1862, m. o. June 6, 1865, corpl. ;::V ' ^ v , 
 
 ,: Billington, David, Oneida, e. Aug. 9, 1862, m. o. June 6, 1865. .-'.:.'!:>' :/.;.. 
 
 Brodine, Andrew, Oneida, e. Aug. 9, 1862, disch. Feb. 7, 1865, disability. . ' ,;: 
 
 r ,'.1 Brennan, Wm., Oneida, e. Aug. 9, 1862, trans, to V. R. C. . ?-: ., 
 
 ' ^; . Blakley, Taylor, Knoxville, e. Sept. 2, 1862, m. o. June 6, 1865. ; ;!^i -;7 . 7 ; 
 
 ^ \ ,: Calkins, Edwin, Oneida, e. Aug. 9, 1862, m. o. June 6, 1865, corpl. .: - rv;,';t^ :^- ' 
 
 V r ;.'.; Chapman, James, Oneida, e. Aug. 9, 1862, m. o. June 6, 1865. .-'..; . 
 
 '/ V;' Davie, James, Knoxville, e. Aug. 9, 1862, m. o. June 6, 1865. .- , ^ ' V; .: ,? 
 
 : f':-'; Fuller, Wm., Oneida, e. Aug. 9, 1862, trans, to V. R. C. ':!:/ ;.*^:-<7 
 
 ;y.':.;, " Fuller, John, Oneida, e. Aug. 9, 1862, m. o. June 6, 1865. -':;; r'-x'.^vv^ : ; 
 
 .- V :'- Finley, Thomas, Oneida, e. Aug. 9, 1862, m. o. June 6, 1865. .-':... 
 
 vi' : ; Gallant, Nathan, Oneida, e. Aug. 9, 1862, m. o. June 6, 1865. ^^ 1' H;- '' ;. V / 
 
880 HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY 
 
 .', Goodheart, John, Oneida, e. Aug. 9, 1862, m. o. June 6, 1865. 
 ; Howey, Douglas, Oneida, e. Aug. 9, 1862, m. o. June 6, 1865. 
 
 Hadley, Weymouth, Oneida, e. Aug. 9, 1862, m. o. June 6, 1865. 
 '. Humphrey, Phillip, Sparta, e. Aug. 9, 1862, disch. June 22, 1863, disability. 
 
 Humphrey, Emery, Sparta, e. Aug. 9, 1862, m. o. June 6, 1865. 
 
 Hanson, Oloff, Wataga, e. Aug. 9, 1862, absent sick m. o. regt. i ; v!" . 
 
 Kenney, Wm., Oneida, e. Aug. 9, 1862, died at Gallatin, Tenn., Feb. 22, 1863. 
 
 Kenney, Wesley, Oneida, e. Aug. 9, 1862, m. o. June 6, 1865. 
 . Knapp, James, Oneida, e. Sept. 2, 1862, pro. hospl. steward. 
 
 Loomis, M., Oneida, e. Aug. 9, 1862, m. o. June 6, 1865, corpl. 
 
 Loft, Cornelius, Oneida, e. Aug. 9, 1862, corpl., killed at Averysboro, N. C., 
 March i6, 1865. 
 
 Leighton, John, Oneida, e. Aug. 9, 1862, disch. Jan. 22, 1863, disability, corpl. 
 . , Lee, Ezra, Center Point, e. Aug. 9, 1862, m. o. June 6, 1865. 
 
 Lee, Wm., Oneida, e. Aug. 9, 1862, absent wounded at m. o. regt. I J^. 
 
 Millen, James, Oneida, e. Aug. 9, 1862, m. o. June 6, 1865, corpl. 
 
 Moore, Charles, Galesburg, e. Aug. 9, 1862, disch. Feb. i8, 1863, disability. 
 
 Merriatt, Wm., Oneida, e. Aug. 9, 1862, m. o. June 6, 1865. 
 
 McConchie, S., Oneida, e. Aug. 9, 1862, disch. Feb. 27, 1863, disability. 
 
 McKown, James, Altona, e. Aug. 9, 1862, m o. June 6, 1865. 
 
 McCochie, James, Oneida, e. Aug. 9, 1862, m. o. June 6, 1865. 
 
 Mills, Wm., Abingdon, e. Aug. 9, 1862, m. o. June 6, 1865. 
 
 Moore, Rufus, Galesburg, e. Aug. 9, 1862, absent sick at m. o. of regt. 
 
 McQuade, Jesse, Oneida, e. Aug. 9, 1862, absent wounded at m. o. of regt. 
 
 Maine, Wm., Wataga, e. Sept. 2, 1862, m. o. June 6, 1865. . 
 ' Olson, L., Wataga, e. Aug. 9, 1862, m. o. June 6, 1865. 
 
 Olson, Nels, Wataga, e. Aug. 9, 1862, disch. Oct. 13, 1863, disability. 
 
 Olson, Wm., Wataga, e. Aug. 9, 1862, corpl., died March 26, 1865, of wounds. 
 
 Ostrom John, Oneida, e. Aug. 9, 1862, m. o. June 6, 1865. 
 
 Robertson, Charles, Oneida, e. Aug. 9, 1862, m. o. June 6, 1865. , | .^ 
 Reed, James, Oneida, e. Aug. 9, 1862, disch. Jan. 22, 1863, disability. 
 
 Reynolds, Wm., Oneida, e. Aug. 9, 1862, corpl., killed at Resaca, Ga., May 14, 
 1864. 
 
 Reed, Wm., Oneida, e. Aug. 9, 1862, m. o. June 24, 1863, war prisoner. 
 
 Reynolds, Amos, Oneida, e. Aug. 9, 1862, m. o. June 6, 1865, as corpl. . 
 Ralston, James Oneida, e. Aug. 9, 1862, m. o. June 6, 1865. i - . - 
 
 Riley, Albert, Galesburg, e. Aug. 9, 1862, m. o. June 6, 1865. 
 
 Ralston, John, Oneida, e. Aug. 9, 1862, died at Gallatin, Tenn., May 23, 1863. 
 
 Ricker, EH, Oneida, e. Aug. 9, 1862, m. o. June 6, 1865, as corpl. 
 . Richards, Alfred, Knox co., Aug. 9, 1862, m. o. June 6, 1865. 
 
 Swanson, Herman, Galesburg, e. Aug. 9, 1862, died of wounds June i6, 1864. 
 ., Stone, Simon, Oneida, e. Aug. '9, 1862, m. o. June 6, 1865. 
 ; Sweet, Alex., Oneida, e. Aug. 9, 1862, disch. Feb. 3, 1863, disability. : - 
 
 Walker, Samuel, Oneida, e. Aug. 9, 1862, transferred to Eng. Corps. :'".' 
 
 Waldron, M., Oneida, e. Aug. 9, 1862, disch. Feb. 22, 1863, disability. 
 
 Watson, Robert, Oneida, e. Aug. 9, 1862, died at Frankfort, Ky., Nov. I, 1862. 
 
HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY rV 331 
 
 ;.,.vt Watson John, Oneida, e. Aug. 7, 1862, corpl., died of wounds May 24, 1864. 
 r / : Whennell, John, Oneida, e. Aug. 9, 1862, m. o. June 6, 1865, as corpl. . 
 
 _ ':,.;::,, ..V. ^ '"' '-"'' "'''"- '-'i'-" --'' Recruits ''-'"-.' j--'-v '.'-. '- 
 
 ' Harmon, R. B., Oneida, disch. March i8, 1863, disability. ^^'^-'':' -;;':v'' 
 
 . Jones, Wm. O., e. May 21, 1863, missing May i6, 1865, supposed killed or 
 
 -(',; 'V'- captured, .\:.::-^^.:'r, . ' ^''. ; /.v^- A- .: 
 
 .:i; . . Milsam, Thos., Oneida, m. o. June 6, 1865. '':^-'^-^-:- -^ ' ' . . :'\ -A.- 
 
 ''.,'':/-._ -'"' ; V .',' ^?..v:; '''>''.,-''-. COMPANY K ' :'"^ -''' -/ . 'i';-. ..-..- .--^.^'^ -:\- 
 
 u ' . V ; Clark, James, Abingdon, e. Aug. 7, 1862, m. o. June 6, 1865. ^ , .^- -:; ^ w' 
 
 !" Shields, R., Abingdon, e. Aug. 14, 1862, m. o. June 6, 1865, as corpl. J-?! - . 
 . %;. Nolton, Henderson. ,....,... ^ . : v .v - i- ... : : . .> -Oil ;V 
 
 '''^;- ';':'' .^'V.'/V''--^.^ y--''';-'/;'' ';''' 1030 INFANTRY .-;''.;"'',/; ^ ' -;"'' v;--/-.'-:;,.';.. ,/... 
 -|\/-V--' ^^--X-''^ '/;''.-'''''.'.' -^ -C'"; .^:- Principal Musician .r".-\; - -.' V ':V\' -^v '''. ^ 
 . Parvin, Elain A., Maquon, e. Aug. 14, 1862, m. o. June 21, 1865. ;. ; ' .' V; 
 
 ;; COMPANY C ' ^ ' - V'.' -;-. 'j^^-.-' ' 
 
 Adams, Wm. J., Salem, e. Jan. 26, 1865, m. o. June 5, 1865. ;; ; -^ 
 
 Chapin, Ord., Salem, e. Jan. 26, 1865, m. o. July 24, 1865. ' : 
 
 Cordner, T. J., Salem, e. Jan. 26, 1865, m. o. July 24, 1865. ,: '/,: 
 Mendenhall, C. C., Salem, e. Jan. 26, 1865, ni. o. July 24, 1865. >.;.'/ 
 
 McLain, John, Tniro, e. Jan. i6, 1865, m. o. July 24, 1865. 'jo 
 
 Ralston, Wm. D., Salem, e. Jan. 26, 1865, m. o. July 24, 1865. ;-. . , <^ 
 
 Ralston, J. C., Salem, e. Jan. 26, 1865, m. o. July 24, 1865. : .r > 
 
 Whitaker, J. C., Elba, e. Jan. 26, 1865, m. o. July 24, 1865. A;; ' ' ;. ^' ^^v 
 
 Moorehead, W., Maquon. : ; v\ . ;:,: 
 
 Hull, V. O., Knox co., e. Jan. i6, 1865. \ :;;-;^}, '-:/:" 1; 
 
 '-'':_' .\^' ^ '.'--'- ;'":"''^-'.v;'' "'''.' COMPANY G v-'v' '-'^;- ; '' -- '''-\:-~'^'-'.i-'''-V:\ 
 
 ^ '.-'"; '''-:'' '/.'- -v'-;:>\-"::>-:^x;.;: Captain '^'^ ".4 :-"-'.' '"''' '-''^ ."..''''., 
 
 Matteson, Charles F., Galesburg, e. Feb. 4, 1863, m. o. June 21, 1865. :. f .'' ; 
 
 - .. - . -.. V ,. .- . - . - ' 1'. ' v" 
 
 , . ^ ;r ;';: .^^^'' ;':'':':'.';;;-' r;'^ io8TH INFANTRY >'- X^'-;'/ ';-:': '^-'"^''^''f^- 
 
 ';:-'.':'-'' ." :.''''^' ;':-'';.'' COMPANY D ;:;'''.-.:^ :'..:; ^ . V^^'-^ ^''.'-^ -'"' 
 
 Privates 
 
 Bruner, S. M., Galesburg, e. Sept. 5, 1862, disch. March 24, 1863, principal 
 musician. -.',. 
 
 Musselman, L. B., Galesburg, e. Aug. ii, 1862. ;. r- ;v- J ^. - '^tS- 
 
 Pippin, Thomas, e. Sept. 5, 1862. 
 
 Reeves, Wm. A., Knox co., e. Aug. i8, 1862, died at Young's Point, March 6, 
 1863. 
 
 Sloat, C. F., Lynn, e. Aug. 28, 1862, m. o. Aug. 5, 1865. .- :'/' = ^V;'' 
 
332 
 
 HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY 
 
 Williams, G. W., Galesburg, e. Sept. 5, 1862, discharged March 24, 1863, drum 
 major. 
 
 Brockley, S. R., Salem, e. Jan. 21, 1865, m. o. Jan. 21, 1866. 
 McMasters, James, Haw Creek, e. Jan. 20, 1865, m. o. Jan. 21, 1866. 
 
 II2TH INFANTRY 
 . ::.,. Surgeon 
 Spalding, John W., Galesburg, e. Sept. ii, 1862, resigned March 22, 1863. 
 
 ' :v COMPANY D 
 
 .'' -Privates 
 
 Baird, J. W., Lynn, e. Aug. 9, 1862, m. o. June 5, 1865, as corpl. 
 
 Beichtel, F. M., Lynn, e. Aug. ii, 1862, m. o. June 20, 1865. 
 : Brown, V. W., Lynn, e. Aug. 9, 1862, died at Knoxville, Tenn., Aug. il, 1864. 
 
 Buckley, F., Lynn, e. Aug. ii, 1862, m. o. June 20, 1865, as corpl. 
 
 Flamsburg. J., Lynn, e. Aug. 22, 1862, m. o. June 20, 1865. I .^ ';.-. 
 
 '. ,. Gustafson, A. M., Lynn, e. Aug. 8, 1862, m. o. June 20, 1862, as corpl. - M..; 
 
 Mallory. D. E., Lynn, e. Aug. ii, 1862, discliKNov. i8, 1863, wounds. ; . 
 
 Ridenour, David, Lynn, e. Aug. 9, 1862, m. p. JH^e 20, 1865, as corpl. ' . V :- 
 
 Walton, James, Lynn, e. Aug. 9, 1862, m. o/ JuneS^o, 1865. 
 '. . Hammond, Martin, Wataga, e. Feb. 5, il 
 
 , , COMPANY 
 
 Corlett, Thomas, Lynn, e. Aug. 15, 
 1863. 
 
 McCoy, C. E., Thomas, Lynn, e. Au: 
 ability. . 
 
 COMP 
 
 Richards, H. M., Knoxville, e. Juiy3, 1862, trans, to V. R. C. 
 
 / - ^:/;--S :^ , . 132ND INFANTRY \:':^:'\---'':.'^y:-^-' 
 
 ''.---'' ^ ^ - .'' ' COMPANY B ' '/'-'':'':.';;";:'.:: 
 
 Elliott, I. W., Maquon, e. May lo, 1864, m. o. Oct. 17, 1864. 
 
 Milled^ville, Ky., April 17, 
 il lo, 1863, dis- 
 
 COMPANY D -V : 
 
 . Ayers, R., Yates City, e. May 6, 1864, m. o. Oct. 17, 1864. ;' :' , 
 
 : -' ..^''^ .V .. " ' COMPANY F ' \-: J ';>:'.-.", :^; v.'. '-':' 
 
 Dunnivan, Patrick, Yates City, e. May lo, 1864, m. o. Oct. 17, 1864. 
 
 ; - : COMPANY G ; '':"-;'/.''-': V. .-.'V'/^:- 
 
 . .. , ' ' "V -'';'' ''-..'''- / . ' . 
 
 First Sergeant 
 Barnes, Wm. P., Walnut Grove, e. April 29, 1864, m. o. Oct. 17, 1864. 
 
 . ':' ^- > rr-v^''^'^;:-."'^ 
 
;; ;-;^:;:;r ;.'; HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY ,:;: 888 
 
 :.. .-iJ;:^;^; ':::-; :y'- Sergeants -'. : :':-''.'=^^.--"- ^^'"''l-, 
 
 Copp, A. M., Walnut Grove, e. April 29, 1864, m. o. Oct. 17, 1864. . V 
 
 Brooks, Benj. F., Walnut Grove, e. April 29, 1864, m. o. Oct. 17, 1864. 
 Tyler, C. C., Walnut Grove, e. April 29, 1864, m. o. Oct. 17, 1864. 
 
 Stone, J. A., Walnut Grove, e. April 29, 1864, m. o. Oct. 17, 1864. 
 Loury, N. H., Walnut Grove, e. April 29, 1864, m. o. Oct. 17, 1864. -' 
 Tinkler, N. E., Walnut Grove, e. April 29, 1864, m. o. Oct. 17. 1864. > 
 Colburn, Dan, Walnut Grove, e. April 29, 1864, m. o. Oct. 17, 1864. 
 Godair, W. H., Walnut Grove, e. April 29, 1864, m. o. Oct. 17, 1864. 
 Colbum, H. C., Walnut Grove, e. April 29, 1864, m. o. Oct. 17, 1864. 
 
 Scott, D. A., Walnut Grove, e. May 12, 1864, m. o. Oct. 17, 1864. 
 
 -'-.- *' ' . '''*' . -' ' ' ,-.'*>',.'' ?' 4 ..' ,'''- ' '"' : ''' ' ". 
 
 '.'.''. - ' . ' . ' - ''. V-. -''-.k' -'"-.. .*.'.'".''.' ' ' - * - ' - f '..-'- 
 
 Privates. ;:^ - : 
 
 Allen, R., Walnut Grove, e. April 29, 1864, m. o. Oct. 17, 1864. 
 Bailey, T. W., Walnut Grove, April 29, 1864, m. o. Oct. 17, 1864. 
 Baker, R. R., Oneida, e. May i, 1864, m. o. Oct. 17, 1864. 
 Bryant, D. S., Walnut Grove, e. April 29, 1864, m. o. Oct. 17, 1864. 
 Conant, H. H., Walnut Grove, e. April 29, 1864, m. o. Oct. 17, 1864. 
 Calkins, A. B., Oneida, e. May i, 1864, m. o. Oct. 17, 1864. 
 Carrigan, M., Oneida, e. April 29, 1864, m. o. Oct. 17, 1864. ';;/ . , 
 Fifield, J. L., Victoria, e. May 6, 1864, m. o. Oct. 17, 1864. '. :- ' 
 Gould, John, Walnut Grove, e. April 26, 1864, m. o. Oct. 17, 1864. / 
 Higgins, H. H., Walnut Grove, e. May 3, 1864, m. o. Oct. 17, 1864. 
 Johnson, C. E., Walnut Grove, e. May 12, 1864, m. o. Oct. 17, 1864. . 
 Keyes, W. H., Walnut Grove, e. May 6, 1864, m. o. Oct. 17, 1864. ( 
 Leubeck, J., Walnut Grove, e. May 12, 1864, m. o. Oct. 17, 1864. 
 McConnolly I. P., Walnut Grove, e. May 8, 1864, m. o. Oct. 17, 1864. 
 Newton, B. A., Walnut Grove, e. May 12, 1864, m. o. Oct. 17, 1864. 
 Nims, N. L., Walnut Grove, e. April 29, 1864, m. o. Oct. 17, 1864. 
 Nims, A. G., Walnut Grove, e. April 29, 1864, m. o. Oct. 17, 1864. / 
 Osbom, A. H., Walnut Grove, e. April 29, 1864, m. o. Oct. 17, 1864. : 
 Purdy, H. H., Walnut Grove, e. April 29, 1864, m. o. Oct. 17, 1864. 
 Powell, L., Oneida, e. April 29, 1864, m. o. Oct. 17, 1864. 
 Reeves, L. C., Walnut Grove, e. April 29, 1864, m. o. Oct. 17, 1864. "> 
 Riner, H. R., Walnut Grove, e. May i, 1864, m. o. Oct. 17, 1864. ; 
 Ruhl, P. A., Oneida, e. May 13, 1864, m. o. Oct. 17, 1864. 
 
 Scott, W. H., Walnut Grove, e. May 14, 1864, m. o. Oct. 17, 1864. , 
 Smith, Julius, Walnut Grove, e. April 29, 1864, m. o. Oct. 17, 1864. 
 Van Scoyk, Wm., Walnut Grove, e. April 29, 1864, m. o. Oct. 17, 1864. 
 Walls, H. H., Walnut Grove, e. May 7, 1864, m. o. Oct. 17, 1864. 
 
 
834 
 
 HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY 
 
 COMPANY H 
 
 :-:''' Inburg, Geo., Victoria, e. May 24, 1864, m. o. Oct. 17, 1864. 
 Olson, Nils, Galesburg, e. May 25, 1864, m. o. Oct. 17, 1864. 
 
 .'%.'':;.-/''-- ,- . ':.'..-:> COMPANY K .'> ''VV^ ' "^r' :.-;' v 
 
 ;. Hogan, Martin, Galesburg, e. May 5, 1864, m. o. Oct. 17, 1864. , 
 
 ".; ' P';7;;; .' - ' '. ' I37TH INFANTRY '';'';-..':'-:':.';;':"':' 
 
 -'..-:' -"j:' ;'. ,' \ COMPANY C '.'';''"< /';V .''','''-: 
 
 First Lieutenant ' - 
 Pitcher, Oliver H., Galesburg, e. June-S, 1864, m. o. Sept. 24, 1864. 
 
 ^C..^-. Second Lieutenant \: ::' '^' r ;' . 
 
 Craig, Wm., Galesburg, e. June 5, 1864, m. o. Sept. 24, 1864. 
 
 ^ ' " ^ ' Sergeants ' '"" ' " ' ' 
 
 Cooper, Job. A., Galesburg, e. May i6, 1864, m. o. Sept. 24, 1864. 
 
 Fish, H. C., Galesburg, e. May 16, 1864, m. o. Sept. 24, 1864. 
 
 Latimer, J. F., Abingdon, e. May 20, 1864, pro. 2d lieut., Co. G., m. o. Sept. 
 24. 1864. . .. .^^ ^ 
 
 Corporals 
 
 Bowman, E. H., Galesburg, e. May 2, 1864, m. o. Sept. 24, 1864. 
 
 Burton, F. M., Galesburg, e. May i6, 1864, m. o. Sept. 24, 1864. 
 
 Lawrence, C. H., Galesburg, e. May i6, 1864, m. o. Sept. 24, 1864. ; . 
 
 : White, J. B., Galesburg, e. May 2, 1864, m. o. Sept. 24, 1864, sergeant 
 
 -^ :/:'"-'-' ' ^ ' ' Musician '-''- ' .'-" '.?. 
 
 Barrett, Frank, Galesburg, e. May 4, 1864, m. o. Sept. 24, 1864. 
 
 Privates 
 
 Allen, J. J., Galesburg, e. May 19, 1864, m. o. Sept. 24, 1864. 
 . Anderson, E. N., Galesburg, e. May 12, 1864, m. o. Sept. 24, 1864. 
 
 Barrett, E. N., Galesburg, e. May 2, 1864, m. o. Sept. 24, 1864. 
 / Black, Wm., Galesburg, e. May i6, 1864, m. o. Sept. 24, 1864. 
 Cook, C. C., Galesburg, e. May 29, 1864, m. o. Sept. 24, 1864. 
 Carr, G. H., Galesburg, e. May 12, 1864, m. o. Sept. 24, 1864. ;:, 
 Clift, T. W., Galesburg, e. May 13, 1864, m. o. Sept. 24, 1864. ' 
 Chesney, J. H., Abingdon, e. May 20, 1864, m. o. Sept. 24, 1864. 
 Coyzad, B., Galesburg, e. May 17, 1864, m. o. May 23, 1865, pris. war. 
 Dehnert, Fred, Galesburg, e. May 17, 1864, m. o. Sept. 24, 1864. 
 Duffield, H. P., Abingdon, e. May 20, 1864, m. o. Sept. 24, 1864. 
 Fish, Charles, Galesburg, e. May ii, 1864, m. o. Sept. 24, 1864. 
 Farquhar, D., Galesburg, e. May 19, 1864, m. o. Sept. 24, 1864. 
 Heath, H. A., Galesburg, e. May i8, 1864, m. o. Sept. 24, 1864. 
 Hartford, J. W., Galesburg, e. May 20, 1864, m. o. Sept. 24, 1864. 
 
;o;; HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY - v 385 
 
 :, Haney, J. F., Abingdon, e. May 20, 1864, m. o. Sept. 24, 1864. 
 
 Howard, William H., Galesburg, e. May 14, 1864, m. o. Sept. 24, 1864, corpl. 
 Johnson, S. M., Galesburg, e. May i8, 1864, m. o. Sept. 24, 1864. 
 
 -^^ Jones, N., Galesburg, e. May i6, 1864, m. o. Sept. 24, 1864. . .-v": j^ --. 
 
 .'; Johnson, Wm. C., Abingdon, e. May 4, 1864. ^ ' ''. ; - :'..';.-:,;.' 
 
 Kopp, J. H., Galesburg, e. May i6, 1864, m. o. Sept. 24, 1864. :-> ' 
 
 Lawson, L., Abingdon, e. May 20, 1864, m. o. Sept. 24, 1864. ' . >'V: 1 />; 
 
 McMillen, John, Galesburg, e. May i6, 1864, m. o. Sept. 24, 1864. ' " -> ; 
 
 ;' McCord, J. F., Galesburg, e. May i6, 1864, m. o. May 24, 1865, pris. war. : 
 
 ''. Mott, C. E., Galesburg, e. May i8, 1864, m. o. Sept. 24, 1864. ^^^^ ?,;'; ;^^/ 
 McMenes, C., Abingdon, e. May 20, 1864, m. o. Sept. 24, 1864. : ; r-X'--;; 
 Mishler, Samuel, Galesburg, e. May 19, 1864, m. o. Sept. 24, 1864. ; .' 'C'" . 
 
 : Morey, A. A., Abingdon, e. May 20, 1864, m. o. Sept. 24, 1864. i. ' -;X'v i 
 
 : Pierce, Geo., Galesburg, e. May i6, 1864, m. o. Sept. 24, 1864. ~ '= ^ - - 
 Poling, James, Galesburg, e. May 12, 1864, killed at Memphis Aug. 21, 1864. 
 Poling, T. C., Galesburg, e. May 2, 1864, m. o. Sept. 24, 1864, corpl. 
 Rogers, David N., Galesburg, e. May i6, 1864, killed at Memphis Aug. 21, -^ : 
 1864. XL-X; 
 
 Simmons, David, Galesburg, e. May i6, 1864, m. o. Sept. 24, 1864. ^i'''.;^,^':-''^-:'^--^-- 
 Spencer, B., Galesburg, e. May i6, 1864, m. o. Sept. 24, 1864. .; I';', '"v ,'.-.. 
 
 :' Strong, S. B., Galesburg, e. May i6, 1864, absent sick at m. o. r^./ :.;'."...?.,: . 
 Sutton, J. P., Galesburg, e. May 12, 1864, m. o. Sept. 24, 1864. . {' .. 'i, ' .- ' 
 Strain, J. E., Abingdon, e. May 20, 1864, m. o. Sept. 24, 1864. ; v:.;. l' ft . ': ' 
 Smith, C. C., Galesburg, e. May 13, 1864, m. o. Sept. 24, 1864. --.':;/' 
 Titus, Eli, Galesburg, e. May i6, 1864, m. o. Sept. 24, 1864. ' !:. //-V-. 
 
 West. P. B., Galesburg, e. May i6, 1864, m. o. Sept. 24, 1864. ''^^'vKft V 
 
 Williams, P., Galesburg, e. May 17, 1864, m. o. May 23, 1865, pris. war.v. .. . ' %. 
 Williams, M., Galesburg, e. May. 21, 1864, m. o. Sept. 24, 1864. ^'/^ !,; ' 
 
 Williamson, Geo., Galesburg, e. May i6, 1864, m. o. Sept. 24, 1864. .,;-.,;' 
 
 ' Worth, E., Galesburg, e. May i6, 1864, m. o. Sept. 24, 1864, sergeant. :; ^. .>:.,' 
 
 ',-' ' Recruits ' ' ;' .j-'v i^> ;/; ^^^. 
 
 Brookings, E. S., Galesburg, pris. war at m. o. regiment. ...;';> t 'Ir ^W: 
 
 ;V..';:;'-.:'.'-^;,vX'., '';... ;i. '-: 1 38TH INFANTRY .;'. - ' ' -^-v 
 
 The One Hundred and Thirty-eighth Illinois Infantry Volunteers was organ- 
 ized at Camp Wood, Quincy, 111., by Col. John W. Goodwin, and mustered in 
 June 21, 1864, for one hundred days. On July 26, the regiment moved to Fort 
 Leavenworth, Kan., and was assigned to garrison duty, Col. Goodwin commanding 
 post. Major Tunison, with Co's. C and F, occupied the post of Weston, Mo., 
 from July 7 to August 3. Brig. Gen. Thomas A. Davis, commanding District 
 of Northern Kansas and Maj. Gen. Curtis, commanding Department of Kansas. 
 The regiment was mustered out of the service of the United States at Springfield, 
 111., Oct. 14, 1864. The 1 38th Regiment had lOO-day men to the number of 122 
 from Knox County. 
 
336 :> ; HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY 
 
 Surgeon 
 Bigger, David P., Wataga, e. June 21, 1864, m, o. Oct. 14, 1864. 
 
 . -'''- : Chaplain - -^ ": " ' ':; iy 
 
 Haskins, B. F., Victoria, e.'June 21, 1864, m. o. Oct. 14, 1864. "; 
 
 Principal Musician 
 Burner, S. M., Abingdon, e. May 17, 1864, m. o. Oct. 14, 1864. 
 
 ''-.'.-''''''.'. : ' ' COMPANY B :':;-'."^"''-'/ '.i,;''--';''>, 
 
 ''.-;;'.,';': . . . ' . Captain !.--'>'':.'.'.', '^'. :::''. 
 
 Hunt. Luther B., Wataga, e. June 21, 1864, m. o. Oct. 14, 1864. 
 
 First Lieutenant 
 Gaines, Homer, Wataga, e. June 21, 1864, m. o. Oct. 14, 1864. 
 
 ';''.:-' . Second Lieutenant ':,./': 
 
 Driggs, Henry C., Wataga, e. June 21, 1864, m. o. Oct. 14, 1864. 
 
 First Sergeant ' ' . 
 
 Olmstead, J. L., Victoria, e. May i8, 1864, absent sick m. o. regt. 
 
 Sergeants . /' .,;-:.;;;.;;.;,. . 
 
 Collins, Wm. T., Wataga, e. May 13, 1864, m. o. Oct. 14, 1864. 
 Ingram, J., Wataga, e. May 13, 1864, m. o. Oct. 14, 1864. 
 Denton, F. F., Wataga, e. May 13, 1864, m. o. Oct. 14, 1864. 
 
 ,/ ^ . ..- - Corporals \. ., ,^^^ .,^ :,',- 
 
 Hubbell, Wm. H., Victoria, e. May i8, 1864, m. o. Oct. 14, 1864. 
 . Brown, Thomas, Victoria, e. May i8, 1864, m. o. Oct. 14, 1864. 
 
 Miller, A. R., Wataga, e. May 13, 1864, m. o. Oct. 14, 1864. 
 
 Nead, Geo. W., Wataga, e. May 13, 1864, m. o. Oct. 14, 1864. 
 
 Sornberger, H., Copley, e. May i8, 1864, m. o. Oct. 14, 1864. 
 
 Packard, J., Wataga, e. May 13, 1864, m. o. Oct. 14, 1864. 
 ; Rhodes. M., Wataga, e. May 13, 1864, m. o. Oct. 14, 1864. 
 
 Farnham, Wm. C., Wataga, e. May 13, 1864, m. o. Oct. 14, 1864. 
 
 '; -. ''"..':': ^ - Musicians ^. ... . 7, ":'..".; vV..; ;..;.;'.-..- 
 Moodley, Geo. M., Oneida, e. May 13, 1864, m. o. Oct. 14, 1864. 
 Faulkner, E. R., Wataga, e. May 13, 1864, m. o. Oct. 14, 1864. 
 
 .^ ', '" "'^'^"'' '' ' ' Privates ' '.:'' \.-''Vr-.- .\;/. ..' 
 
 Andrews, L. V., Victoria, e. May i8, 1864, m. o. Oct. 14, 1864. .- 
 Adams, P. R., Wataga, e. May 13, 1864, m. o. Oct. 14, 1864. 
 Adams, F. A., Wataga, e. May 13, 1864, m. o. Oct. 14, 1864. 
 
'-: -:-'' HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY -^ 387 
 
 Anderson, C. F., Wataga, e. May 13, 1864, m. o. Oct. 14, 1864. 
 Alldridge, B. D., Victoria, e. May i8, 1864, m. o. Oct. 14, 1864. . . 
 
 A Barrer, Henry, Wataga, e. May i8, 1864, m. o. Oct. 14, 1864. - ' -' ' 
 
 :: Brown, F. M., Victoria, e. May i8, 1864, m. o. Oct. 14, 1864. !.\ -:;';;'.; 
 '> Burns, J., Victoria, e. May i8, 1864, m. o. Oct. 14, 1864. ,V.''v-^ -''''' 
 ^;' Boyd, R., Wataga, e. May 28, 1864, m. o. Oct. 14, 1866. '-^^<^f-^'-.:i^.<:- 
 . , ' Brott, E., Victoria, e. May i8, 1864, m. o. Oct. 14, 1864. " : ? C ; ' ^" ; 
 
 Coon, B. F., m. o. Oct. 14, 1864. ' '^.^4 " :-v^ L r ;; 
 
 :: Coon, John, Victoria, e. May i8, 1864, m. o. Oct. 14, 1864. V: Iv: L 4;.;:: '; 
 - Chipping, T. W., Wataga, e. May 13, 1864, m. o. Oct. 14, 1864. '^ ;-:! f^v 
 ; Davis, Randall, Wataga, e. May i6, 1864, m. o. Oct. 14, 1864. V-iVr-:-', . ^v^ 
 Davis, J. J., Wataga, e. May 13, 1864, m. o. Oct. 14, 1864. ' ;V\;r '-^^^ 
 
 Daniels, J. R., Victoria, e. May i8, 1864, m. o. Oct. 14, 1864. ^ ./ . v / f V 
 Denton, J. F., Wataga, e. May 13, 1864, m. o. Oct. 14, 1864. i -..; ^/' ;< : !- 
 . Driggs, Wm. M., Wataga, e. May 13, 1864, m. o. Oct. 14, 1864. '-;;,.;.;, .i-v 
 ': Ekstrand, J., Wataga, e. May 13, 1864, m.'o. Oct. 14, 1864. !-' .,' .. '.;7.' .; 
 
 :;. Ebright, C. C., Wataga, e. May 17, 1864, m. o. Oct. 14, 1864. ' ' 3>-;.^^ v;^*' 
 J' Erickson, E., Copley, e. May i8, 1864, m. o. Oct. 14, 1864. ' i. '-- fV.^-:::/-- ' 
 
 V Fosmire, F. S., Wataga, e. May 13, 1864, m. o. Oct. 14, 1864. ) r^^ ' .^ ;^ : 
 ; Fulmer, J. W., Wataga, e. May 26, 1864, m. o. Oct. 14, 1864. ,-:'.'';.:;': 
 r Freed, E., Victoria, e. May i8, 1864, m. o. Oct. 14, 1864. . C'f ;^.'';^Xy:;'' ; 
 Fisher, James, Wataga, e. May 13, 1864, m. o. Oct. 14, 1864. ''( - ^v :'?.;' \^ 
 : , Grees, H., Victoria, e. May i8, 1864, m. o. Oct. 14, 1864. -' ' i^' ;v ..';. 
 
 / Hill, Wm. C., Henderson, May 13, 1864, absent sick at m. o. of regt. 
 ,, Hanson, Wm., Wataga, e. May 13, 1864, m. o. Oct. 14, 1864. 
 - Hanson, Peter, Wataga, e. May 25, died at Fort Leavenworth, Aug. i8, 1864. 
 
 Holm, J., Wataga, e. May 28, 1864, m. o. Oct. 14, 1864. 
 ' King, A. L., Victoria, e. May i8, 1864, m. o. Oct. 14, 1864. 
 , Larson, A. L., Victoria, e. May 26, 1864, m. o. Oct. 14, 1864. ;>/'... .^ 
 
 Marshall, W. A., Wataga, e. May 13, 1864, m. o. Oct. 14, 1864, :V' '/. 
 ,' More, Benj., Wataga, e. May 13, 1864, m. o. Oct. 14, 1864. iv;. 
 
 '* Norell, L. J., Wataga, e. May 13, 1864, m. o. Oct. 14, 1864. .Vj / 
 
 : Osbom, A. J., Wataga, e. May 13, 1864, m. o. Oct. 14, 1864. ';.:' 
 Olmstead, J. L., Copley, e. May i8, 1864, m. o. Oct. 14, 1864. -v' ,< ' 
 ; Osborn, W. E., Wataga, e. May 13, 1864, m. o. Oct. 14, 1864. :'"';; 
 . Olson, Geo., Wataga, e. May 13, 1864, m. o. Oct. 14, 1864. " ; : . : 
 
 Parkins, J., Wataga, e. May 13, 1864, m. o. Oct. 14, 1864. . r. . i; 
 
 . Pryer, G. H., Rio, e. May 25, 1864, m. o. Oct. 14, 1864. ; V^ 4 ^' '.' 
 
 : :. Paddock, Wm., Wataga, e. May 13, 1864, m. o. Oct. 14, 1864. .::.':;/- 
 '; Russell, J. F., Wataga, e. May 30, 1864, m. o. Oct. 14, 1864. >.--;; 
 v.^; Strain, J. E., Rio, e. May 25, 1864, m. o. Oct. 14, 1864. '-.''V^^^: 
 
 .' Sweeney, E. M., Victoria, e. May i8, 1864, m. o. Oct. 14, 1864. ';:.:;;.;? 
 Sanderson, H., Victoria, e. May i8, 1864, m. o. Oct. 14, 1864. .' /:;C. 
 Tiffany, P., Victoria, e. May 18, 1864, m. o. Oct. 14, 1864. , ... /N^i J 
 Tiffany, N., Victoria, e. May i8, 1864, m. o. Oct. 14, 1864. 
 Thomas, J. E., Knox Co., e. May 18, 1864, m. o. Oct. 14, 1864. 
 Woolsey, T. N., Victoria, e. May i8, 1864, absent sick at m. o. of regt. 
 
 Tol I M 
 
HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY 
 
 Wilks, J., Wataga, e. May 13, 1864, m. o. Oct. 14, 1864. 
 Yancy, M. A., Wataga, e. May 12, 1864, m. o. Oct. 14, 1864. 
 
 ,,. ;,.:y ' : , . './. : .-. COMPANY C ...-'.'''';;;;:'-'' i}^''-'^ 
 
 ^ P' Corporal . ; /^ / 
 
 Lutz, Joseph W., Abingdon, e. May ii, 1864, m. o. Oct. 14, 1864. 
 
 '''-'-'' " " ' Musicians -' -''-"'. 
 
 Owen, T. R., Abingdon, e. May lO, 1864, m. o. Oct. 14, 1864. 
 Bell, J. S., Abingdon, e. May 21, 1864, m. o. Oct. 14, 1864. : ' 
 
 Privates 
 
 Bassett, C. W., Abingdon, e. May lo, 1864, m. o. Oct. 14, 1864. 
 Cannon, J. H., Abingdon, e. May lo, 1864, absent sick at m. o. of regt, 
 , Carpenter, Wm., Abingdon, e. May 21, 1864, m. o. Oct. 14, 1864. 
 Goole, R., Abingdon, e. May 21, 1864, m. o. Oct. 14, 1864. 
 Lewton, N., Abingdon, e. May 21, 1864, m. o. Oct. 14, 1864. . 
 
 Nicols, H., Abingdon, e. May 17, 1864, m. o. Oct. 14, 1864. 
 Richey, J. J., Abingdon, e. May i6, 1864, m. o. Oct. 14, 1864. 
 Roe, W. O., Abingdon, e. May 21, 1864, m. o. Oct. 14, 1864. ' 
 Sheaffer, Levi, Abingdon, e. May 13, 1864, m. o. Oct. 14, 1864. 
 Virtue, John, Abingdon, e. May 21, 1864, m. o. Oct. 14, 1864. 
 
 >C4V:';. ' , ''; " COMPANY E '.-':':;'..-'-';- .',''\ ''--'V'' 
 
 r/y-vi". First Lieutenant '-^ '.:^ ^:-'^''',l' ,: 
 
 Smith, Geo. F., Knoxville, e. June 21, 1864, m. o. Oct. 14, 1864. 
 
 First Sergeant 
 Holcomb, C. F., Knoxville, e. May 6, 1864, m. o. Oct. 14, 1864. . 
 
 , ; Sergeants --; v; ;':..;:;,' 
 West, Wm., Knoxville, e. May 3, 1864, m. o. Oct. 14, 1864. 
 Way, A. J., Knoxville, e. May 14, 1864, m. o. Oct. 14, 1864. 
 
 ' " ' Corporals ^^ ^ . -.'.-:'-'':;.=,/ 
 
 Wahlgren, C. E., Knoxville, e. May 2, 1864, m. o. Oct. 14, 1864. 
 Bailey, Henry C., Knoxville, e. April 30, 1864, m. o. Oct. 14, 1864. 
 Johnson, J. A., Knoxville, e. May 2, 1864, m. o. Oct. 14, 1864. 
 Field. C. C., Knoxville, e. April 30, 1864, m. o. Oct. 14, 1864. ' 
 McGill, T. W., Knoxville, e. May 4, 1864, m. o. Oct. 14, 1864. . 
 : Snell, S. A., Knoxville, e. May 2, 1864, m. o. Oct. 14, 1864. . v. 
 
 Privates 
 
 Atkins, Alvin, Knoxville, e. May 14, 1864, m. o. Oct. 14, 1864. 
 Brown, T. J., Knoxville, e. May 14, 1864, m. o. Oct. 14, 1864. 
 
 
HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY , : , 339 
 
 Connor, C. P., Knoxville, e. May 14, 1864, m. o. Oct. 14, 1864. 
 Cramer, M., Knoxville, e. May 3, 1864, m. o. Oct. 14, 1864. 
 Eiker, Wm. N., Knoxville, e. May 14, 1864, m. o. Oct. 14, 1864. 
 Franklin, L. A., Knoxville, e. May 14, 1864, m. o. Oct. 14, 1864. 
 Field, S. E., Knoxville, e. May 14, 1864, m. o. Oct. 14, 1864. 
 Fravell, J. W., Knoxville, e. May 7, 1864, absent sick at m. o. of regt. 
 Lawther, W. S., Knoxville, e. May 2, 1864, m. o. Oct. 14, 1864. 
 Lochbaum, S., Knoxville, e. May 2, 1864, m. o. Oct. 14, 1864. 
 McGrew, W. F., Knoxville, e. May 2, 1864, m. o. Oct. 14, 1864. 
 Milam, M. V., Knoxville, e. May 14, 1864, m. o. Oct. 14, 1864. 
 McFarland, C., Knoxville, e. May 14, 1864, m. o. Oct. 14, 1864. 
 Maxwell, J., Knoxville, e. May 6, 1864, m. o. Oct. 14, 1864. 
 McCracken, J. B., Knoxville, e. May 14, 1864, m. o. Oct. 14, 1864. 
 Moats, W. H., Knoxville, e. May 14, 1864, m. o. Oct. 14, 1864. 
 Middleton, J. F., Knoxville, e. May 14, 1864, m. o. Oct. 14, 1864. 
 Mann, A. B., Knoxville, e. May 14, 1864, m. o. Oct. 14, 1864. 
 McCray, J. W., Knoxville, e. May 14, 1864, m. o. Oct. 14, 1864. 
 McCracken, R. H., Knoxville, e. May 14, 1864, m. o. Oct. 14, 1864. 
 McGrew, J. F., Knoxville, e. May 3, 1864, m. o. Oct. 14, 1864. 
 Perry, Wm., Knoxville, e. May 4, 1864, m. o. Oct. 14, 1864. 
 Rogers, J. P., Knoxville, e. May 14, 1864, m. o. Oct. 14, 1864. 
 Schwartz, D. H., Knoxville, e. May 14, 1864, m. o. Oct. 14, 1864. 
 Schwartz, W. S., Knoxville, e. May 14, 1864, m. o. Oct. 14, 1864. 
 Stevenson, T. Z., Knoxville, e. May 3, 1864, m. o. Oct. 14, 1864. 
 Stonesipher, W. H., Knoxville, e. May 14, 1864, m. o. Oct. 14, 1864. 
 Sweet, G. W., Knoxville, e. May 3, 1864, m. o. Oct. 14, 1864. 
 Wilcox, Benj. F., Knoxville, e. May 2, 1864, m. o. Oct. 14, 1864. 
 Woods, J. M., Knoxville, e. May 14, 1864, m. o. Oct. 14, 1864. 
 West. R., Knoxville, e. May 14, 1864, m. o. Oct. 14, 1864. 
 Wilcox, J. W., Knoxville, e. May 14, 1864, m. o. Oct. 14, 1864. 
 
 , ' ' >- 
 
 .'.-'. ''";.'"'*. . - - '' . . ' 
 
 ' ''': /,>."''*',. /'-=;': ^^- ' I39TH INFANTRY ::'';;"; ,. .x'- 
 
 - < Lieutenant-Colonel 
 
 Willsie, Horace H., Galesburg, e. June 7, 1864, m. o. Oct. 28, 1864, 
 
 ^ '':''':, ''. :. :- ;v V'.'V-'' ' -v' v^ '' .. >' COMPANY D .- -/^-V^; .... . .; 
 
 ' >",-^'v ;' Captain 
 Marble, Wm. H., Galesburg, e. June 7, 1864, m. o. Oct. 28, 1864. 
 
 '"' ' ::.;..;:;:.-; First Lieutenant ' "-' - - '^ - ' 
 
 Reynolds, Samuel, Galesburg, e. June i, 1864, m. o. Oct. 28, 1864. 
 
 ' . . V ; V Second Lieutenant ' 
 
 Thomas, Frank A., Galesburg, e. June i, 1864, m. o. Oct. 28, 1864. 
 
340 
 
 HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY 
 
 : Sergeants 
 
 Fleharty, Wm. L., Galesburg, e. April 27, 1864, m. o. Oct. 28, 1864. 
 Summer, Frank, Galesburg, e. May 12, 1864, m. o. Oct. 28, 1864. 
 Smith, W. A., Galesburg, e. May 13, 1864, m. o. Oct. 28, 1864. 
 Huntington, R. R., Galesburg, e. May 14, 1864, m. o. Oct. 28, 1864. 
 
 Corporals 
 
 Sanborn, Lake W., Galesburg, e. May 14, 1864, m. o. Oct. 28, 1864, sefgt. 
 Landon, M. R., Galesburg, e. May 14, 1864, m. o. Oct. 15, 1864, to re-enlist. 
 O'Connor, J., Galesburg, e. May 14, 1864, m. o. Oct. 28, 1864. 
 Turpening, N. A., Galesburg, e. May 12, 1864, m. o. Oct. 15, 1864, to re-enlist. 
 Salts, Leland, Galesburg, e. May 14, 1864, m. o. Oct. 28, 1864. 
 Spalding, E. M., Galesburg, e. April 30, 1864, m. o. Oct. 28, 1864. 
 Mangom, M., Galesburg, e. May ii, 1864, m. o. Oct. 28, 1864. : 
 
 Armstrong, T. A., Galesburg, e. May 15, 1864, m. o. Oct. 28, 1864. 
 
 Musicians 
 
 Marble, R. R., Galesburg, e. April 27, 1864, m. o. Oct. 28, 1864. 
 Carson, James W., Galesburg, e. May 13, 1864, m. o. Oct. 28, 1864. 
 
 ' ..' ' ' - .^::' Wagoner ;. ''.;.:>.-' "'T..:;'^ '!.;': TV 
 St. George, R., Galesburg, e. "May 12, 1864, m. o. Oct. 15, 1864, to re-enlist. 
 
 Privates 
 
 Allen, C., Galesburg, e. May 12, 1864, m. o. Oct. 28, 1864. " 
 Armstrong, Geo., Galesburg, e. May 14, 1864, m. o. Oct. 15, 1864, to re-enlist 
 Brown, R., Galesburg, e. May ii, 1864, m. o. Oct. 15, 1864, to re-enlist. v ;- 
 Baird, S., Galesburg, e. May 14, 1864, m. o. Oct. 15, 1864, to re-enlist. 
 Bundy, F. M., Galesburg, e. May i6, 1864, m. o. Oct. 28, 1864, corpl. v 
 Cooke, F. F., Galesburg, e. April 27, 1864, m. o. Oct. 27, 1864. 
 Carpenter, Samuel, Galesburg, e. May 3, 1864, m. o. Oct. 28, 1864. 
 Carson, J. H., Galesburg, e. May 4, 1864, m. o. Oct. 28, 1864. ,-.; 
 Cramer, J. W., Galesburg, e. May lo, 1864, m. o. Oct. 28, 1864. 
 Curtis, J. H., Galesburg, e. May ii, 1864, m. o. Oct. 28, 1864. 
 Cook, James, Galesburg, e. May 14, 1864, m. o. Oct. 28, 1864. '.;'': 
 Clark. A. B., Jr., Galesburg, e. May 14, 1864, m. o. Oct. 28, 1864. /.: 
 DeVoss, F. M., Galesburg, e. May ii, 1864, m. o. Oct. 28, 1864. , -, 
 Darnell, Isaac, Galesburg, e. May 12, 1864, m. o. Oct. 28, 1864. 
 Dailey, S., Galesburg, e. May 19, 1864, m. o. Oct. 28, 1864. . . 
 
 Farr, L. E., Galesburg, e. April 30, 1864, m. o. Oct. 28, 1864. , . 
 
 Fuller, Geo. W., Galesburg, e. April ii, 1864, m. o. Oct. 28, 1864. ', : 
 Goddard, S. M., Galesburg, e. April ii, 1864, m. o. Oct. 28, 1864. 
 Geer, J. C., Galesburg, e. April ii, 1864, absent sick m. o. regt. 
 Goss, A. L., Galesburg, e. April 14, 1864, m. o. Oct. 28, 1864. 
 Gray, S., Galesburg, e. April i8, 1864, m. o. Oct. 28, 1864. 
 Hicks. M. M., Galesburg, e. April 2, 1864, m. o. Oct. 28, 1864. 
 
 '" ' " "' ' ' '' ' ' " ' ' " ' " ' ' ' ' ' '" '' ' 
 
;;-,-' HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY ^ V 841 
 
 Harper, C. A., Galesburg, e. April lo, 1864, m. o. Oct. 28, 1864. ; 
 
 Herring, S. W., Galesburg, e. April ii, 1864, m. o. Oct. 28, 1864. :'- 
 
 Hatfield, F., Galesburg, e. April 12, 1864, m. o. Oct. 28, 1864. " 
 
 Huff, Geo., Galesburg, e. April 12, 1864, m. o. Oct. 15, 1864, re-enlist. '; , 
 Haynes, C. W., Galesburg, e. April 14, 1864, m. o. Oct. 28, 1864. 
 Humes, J. H., Galesburg, e. April 14, 1864, m. o. Oct. 28, 1864. .-' 
 
 Holmes, S. P., Galesburg, e. April i6, 1864, m. o. Oct. 28, 1864. ^^:'-^. 
 Ingersol, J. H., Galesburg, e. April 12, 1864, m. o. Oct. 28, 1864. ' 
 Johnson, J., Galesburg, e. April 14, 1864, m. o. Oct. 15, 1864, re-enlist. 
 Knowles, H., Galesburg, e. April 28, 1864, m. o. Oct. 28, 1864. 
 Kern, G. W., Galesburg, e. May ir, 1864, m. o. Oct. 28, 1864. - - 
 Kellogg, F. M., Galesburg, e. May 14, 1864, m. o. Oct. 28, 1864. ; 
 Linstrum, John, Galesburg, e. May 21, 1864, m. o. Oct. 28, 1864. .'. 
 Linquist, C. I., Galesburg, e. May i8, 1864, m. o. Oct. 28, 1864. ;' 
 Larson, Jonas, Galesburg, e. May 14, 1864, m. o. Oct. 28, 1864. 
 McWhirt, J. H., Galesburg, e. April 27, 1864, m. o. Oct. 28, 1864. ; .;J'. 
 Morse, G. M., Galesburg, e. May ii, 1864, m. o. Oct. 28, 1864. .;",;/; 1 
 
 Marshal, A. L., Galesburg, e. May lo, 1864, m. o. Oct. 28, 1864. ::; . 
 McCabe, S., Galesburg, e. May 14, 1864, m. o. Oct. 28, 1864. ...::-='. 
 Miles, J. F., Galesburg, e. May 21, 1864, m. o. Oct. 28, 1864. -' /> - ' 
 
 Newman, P. V., Galesburg, e. May 20, 1864, m. o. Oct. 28, 1864. . .^.; .": 
 O'Connor, T., Galesburg, e. May ii, 1864, m. o. Oct. 28, 1864. . '.' 
 
 Ostrom, A., Galesburg, e. May 12, 1864, m. o. Oct. 28, 1864. :>;;' 
 
 Patterson, S. W., Galesburg, e. May ir, 1864, m. o. Oct. 28, 1864. :;. ^'-: v 
 Pearson, S. G., Galesburg, e. May 2, 1864, m. o. Oct. 28, 1864. :' ;V 
 
 Payden, D. W., Galesburg, e. May 19, 1864, m. o. Oct. 28, 1864. ' 
 Philips, F. L., Galesburg, e. May 12, 1864, m. o. Oct. 28, 1864. 
 Peterson, Olof, Galesburg, e. May 14, 1864, m. o. Oct. 15, 1864, to re-enlist. 
 Rogers, H. M., Galesburg, e. May 12, 1864, m. o. Oct. 28, 1864. 
 Rogers, W. A., Galesburg, e. May ii, 1864, m. o. Oct. 28, 1864, re-enlist. 
 Reinhart, G. W., Galesburg, e. May 15, 1864, m. o. Oct. 28, 1864. 
 Randall, P. M., Galesburg, e. May 14, 1864, died at Cairo, July 26, 1864. 
 Randall, T. I., Galesburg, e. May 14, 1864, m. o. Oct. 28, 1864. 
 Runkle, Geo., Galesburg, e. May ii, 1864, m. o. Oct. 28, 1864. 
 Shimbur, N. P., Galesburg, e. May 13, 1864, m. o. Oct. 28, 1864. /',;..' 
 Sullivan, P. H., Galesburg, e. May 12, 1864, m. o. Oct. 28, 1864. "^ ',: ^ 
 
 Sperry, M. F., Galesburg, e. May 6, 1864, m. o. Oct. 28, 1864. ^ .j;: ; 
 
 Smith, Albert, Galesburg, e. May ii, 1864, m. o. Oct. 15, 1864, vet. .> ;. 
 StancliflF, D. R., Galesburg, e. May 17, 1864, m. o. Oct. 15, 1864, vet. . 
 Sherwood, M. C., Galesburg, e. May 12, 1864, m. o. Oct. 28, 1864. ^^ ;;- v 
 Tllden, J. H., Galesburg, e. May ii, 1864, m. o. Oct. 28, 1864. ;V^^' ; ' 
 Thompson, J., Galesburg, e. May 12, 1864, m. o. Oct. 28, 1864. /i> '. v 
 
 Vanvleet, H., Galesburg, e. May ii, 1864, m. o. Oct. 28, 1864. ;'.;?:".;:;; 
 Wilsie, M. J., Galesburg, e. May 21, 1864, m. o. Oct. 28, 1864. '.'-.:;;; 
 Wirth, John, Galesburg, e. May 12, 1864, m. o. Oct. 28, 1864. V: ' V " 
 Webster, F. C., Galesburg, e. May ii, 1864, m. o. Oct. 28, 1864. ^ ^; ::o-:v ; 
 
842 
 
 HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY 
 
 .V Wilkins, S., Galesburg, e. May ii, 1864, m. o. Oct. 28, 1864. ,,^ 
 
 ' Woods, J. W., Galesburg, e. May 1 1, 1864, m. o. Oct. 28, 1864. -. 
 
 .;-..,. ... ',' ': / ; ; / 1 48TH INFANTRY ':;':. .. .. ,.:;"',?- 
 '"'^' Colonel -;;:-.. .^^. 
 
 Willsie, Horace H., Galesburg, e. Feb. 21, 1865, m. o. Sept. 5, 1865. 
 
 ';';- -^,'.^;... ',;' COMPANY E ;:..;.' 
 
 Aldrich, D., Henderson, e. Feb. 3, 1865, m. o. Sept 5, 1865, corpl. : 
 Anderson, C. J., Galesburg, e. Feb. 7, 1865, m. o. Sept. 5, 1865. . ; 
 Nelson, Peter, Henderson, e. Feb. 7, 1865, m. o. Sept. 5, 1865. 'y '' 
 
 '' V:-V'.>. '-' . '.'''. COMPANY F . .r';-- ::'. v""-;.,-'"''^'' -'- ^^.' 
 
 Captain ;'.-'r-- ' ' ^'^' . : - \- 
 
 Thomas. Frank A., Galesburg, e. Feb. i6, 1865, m. o. Sept. 5, 1865. 
 
 -''- ' Second Lieutenant "::". 
 
 Hicks, Mason M., Galesburg, e. April 20, 1865, m. o. Sept. 5, 1865. 
 
 Sergeants 
 
 Smith, Wm. A., Galesburg, e. Feb. ii, 1865, m. o. Sept. 5, 1865, ist sergt. 
 Gray, Samuel, Galesburg, e. Feb. ii, 1865, m. o. Sept. 5, 1865. 
 
 . Corporals .,>.,;- /.n? ,,>> '4 
 
 Baker, Peter A. Galesburg, e. Feb. ii, 1865, m. o. Sept. 5, 1865. . ; 
 Hibbard, W. W., Galesburg, e. Feb. ii, 1865, m. o. Sept. 5, 1865. 
 Hinsey, C., Galesburg, e. Feb. ii, 1865, m. o. Sept. 5, 1865. 
 
 ' ; . . ' . :''' Privates --" '-'.X-., '',-/'-'.'>'!-"': :;,:\'^ 
 
 Buckley, Wm. A., Galesburg, e. Feb. ii, 1865, m. o. Sept. 5, 1865. ; ' 
 
 Brown, E. H., Galesburg, e. Feb. ii, 1865, m. o. Sept. 5, 1865. 
 
 Bennel, R. M., Abingdon, e. Feb. ii, 1865, m. o. Sept. 5, 1865. 
 
 Bennel, A. J., Abingdon, e. Feb. ii, 1865, m. o. Aug. 21, 1865. ; 
 
 Bancrott, G. A., e. Feb. ii, 1865, m. o. Sept. 5, 1865. ''( ^ ; ; 
 
 Bunting, J., Galesburg, e. Feb. ii, 1865, m. o. July 22, 1865. | 
 
 Carson, J. H., Galesburg, e. Feb. ii, 1865, detached at m. o. regt. \ 
 
 Candee, C. W., Galesburg, e. Feb. ii, 1865, died at Tullahoma, Tenn., July 20, 
 1865. 
 
 Dietrich, G. C., Galesburg, e. Feb. ii, 1865, m. o. Aug. 30, 1865. 
 
 Farnesworth, C. W., Galesburg, e. Feb. ii, 1865, m. o. Sept. 5, 1865. 
 : Greenwood, L., Galesburg, e. Feb. ii, 1865, m. o. Sept. 7, 1865. 
 
 Herring, S. W., Abingdon, e. Feb. ii, 1865, m. o. Sept. 5, 1865, corpl. 
 
 Hitchcock, J. P., Galesburg, e. Feb. 14, 1865, killed by guerrillas, near Frank- 
 lin, Ky., Feb. 28, 1865. :. - , v v : ;V 
 
 O'Connor, T., Galesburg, e. Feb. ii, 1865, m. o. Sept. 5, 1865. . ; . 
 
HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY .. 848 
 
 -:^^;'>0-V;' Olson, A., Galesburg, e. Feb. ii, 1865, m. o. Sept. 5, 1865. ^'C -/{^^: '^V:r^ ; / v 
 
 '\:^ ; -:;' Payne, A. F., Galesburg, e. Feb. ii, 1865, m. o. Sept. 5, 1865. 'V'^\/ ^vi-^:l- ;- 
 
 7;^:;^-' ;-' ; Pentacost, W., Galesburg, e. Feb. ii, 1865, m. o. Sept. 5, 1865. _^:-"^i^j:f/- \^.;^ ';';>'.. 
 
 ;';:;;:;';: Page, J., Galesburg, e. Feb. ii, 1865, m. o. Sept. 5, 1865. :^^ -J^^'>^ -f'-^f'-^ V : 
 
 ,^'':^':^:i''^-:''^^-'''^-'- ''' .-vV--^^.:'^.:--'^ .;': COMPANY: '.:'-^. .^.;'-^v-.:;.-..%:;;;jf..X;;_ . ;,. .^;:'/'. 
 
 ;; . ^ ^ Butt, D. W., Knoxville, Feb. lo, 1865, m. o. Sept. 5, 1865, musician.v ^ -;j -^ K ; . 
 
 :; ; Wade, H. M., Henderson, e. Feb. 9, 1865, m. o. May 24, 1865. ^- ;;^;'V; '-.;..;: 
 
 i| :' ^; ' . ; ' ''-':'"' Battalion Adjutant ' . '- 
 
 :':. Smith, Harry S., Galesburg, e. Jan. i, 1862, m. o. June i6, 1862. 
 
 '''' :--:''\-'-' .-'V- :':':-'';-.' .!^''-''-/'''-'-:- COMPANY D :;.Vv--' -.. . :''\>- . 
 ^ .:',: Captain . ' 5 ; 
 
 V V Smith, J. B., Knoxville, e. July i, i86i, m. o. July 14, 1862. .i, 
 
 /VV '^^'',;'' X:-:'^--'-- \ .;.'':.'.!''> 'K'--- First Lieutenant \: '"-:' .-.^. 
 . - Hollenberg, Leonard, Knoxville, e. July i, i86i, m. o. June 20, 1862. , .;_ . ; .^ . ; > . ' 
 
 ,::_'..: :- ' Second Lieutenant -' - .-.,^.-^^;::,:-.-^,;.-. ;- ;-:7 . 
 
 :;.::;.: Murray, Wm. A., Knoxville, e. July i, i86i, m. o. July 14, 1862. ^^^ ^^^^ ''^?^ -vVf 
 
 :':^ :'' f.'.\,-.:'.-': : :\ ''',-:^'r-. ^.'/':'. First Sergeant -~ - ' .-';;'v ' -:''.:;'.'. 
 . '- Stearnes, Gardner B., Knoxville, e. April 23, i86i, disch. Feb. 22, 1862, of : 
 
 r^:J";-^ wounds. . , : \. ^'. -<- ^.v. . . ..:^^-7. v.:.-:V;.-, .-.;.';' "-'A' 
 
 ,:; ;'^,:,__ -^, .^--.- Q, M. Sergeant ' ' "'' '^ "'""'"" /.''.^'''';: :^^. 
 
 V' ; - Brainbridge, Geo. W., Lynn, e. April 23, i86i, disch. Feb. i8, 1862, wounds, i V;. ; ; 
 
 _ -* 
 
 v^;,.!-.''-;. ^;. ./,;-:.':;, Sergeants .: , . v^.'\''^'^; ^>: ;'.,'':. 
 
 Smith, Harry S., Knoxville, e. April 23, i86i, disch. Oct. 9, i86i. \ >.-2: -: 
 Lytle, John T., Knoxville, e. April 23, i86i, disch. Oct. 9, i86i. 
 Renstrom, Peter, Knoxville, e. April 23, i86i, disch. Feb. 19, 1862, wounds. 
 Holcomb, Wm. H., Knoxville, e. April 23, i86i, disch. Oct. 9, i86i. .\ 
 
 ; -'.;: Corporals .... V^ 
 
 :/- ' Clark, G. Frank, Knoxville, e. April 23, i86i, m. o. July 14, 1862. ;^^v' :v 
 
 : Waterburg, Stephen, Knoxville, e. April 23, i86i, disch. Oct. 9, i86i. 
 X. Wright, Geo. O., Knoxville, e. April 23, i86i, m. o. July 14, 1862. 
 .;/; Bumeson, Hiram V., Knoxville, e. April 23, i86i, died at Jefferson City, Mo. 
 .. -^ Smiley, James M., Knoxville, e. Aug. 23, i86i, m. o. July 14, 1862. . 
 
 ;? i ' Byers, Samuel, Knoxville, e. April 23, i86i, disch. Oct. 9, i86i. 
 
 '^\ Morris,. John V., Knoxville, e. April 23, i86i, disch. Oct. 9, i86i. ' ; 
 
 . . Bassett, Bradford S., Knoxville, e. April 23, i86i, pro. lieut. 2d Kan. cav. ; 
 
 
8M : HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY 
 
 ;. ^:'i4l;:?J;.;: '-' V: ' ^ '.;;;-;;'.'> Buglers :'' 
 
 Riggs, Leander, Knoxville, e. April 23, i86i, disch. Oct. 9, i86i. 
 . Sanborn, J. H., Knoxville, e. April 23, i86i, m. o. July 14, 1862, 
 
 ''' ' Saddler 
 
 Craig, William, Knoxville, e. April 23, i86i, disch. Oct. 9, i86i, 
 
 Blacksmith 
 McCarnish, Thompson M., Knoxville, e. April 21, i86i, disch. Oct. 9, i86i. 
 
 .. .''. - . ' - ^, -. ; .; Farrier ' ' ' 
 
 Foltz, Henry, Knoxville, e. April 23, i86i, m. o. July 14, 1862. 
 
 Wagongr 
 Price, Emery J., Knoxville, e. April 23, i86i, disch. Oct. 9, i86i. 
 
 ; -^': 'i:.: Color Bearer ^ ''^-'^ ;" 
 
 Burdett, J. A., Knoxville, e. April 23, i86i, m. o. July 14, 1862. 
 
 Privates 
 
 Abbott, B. M., Knoxville, e. April 23, i86i, disch. Oct. 9, i86i. 
 
 Abbott, N. R., Knoxville, e. April 23, i86i, disch. Oct. 9, i86i. 
 
 Anderson, J. C., Knoxville, e. April 23, i86i, m. o. July 14, 1862. 
 
 Anderson, G. W., Knoxville, e. April 23, i86i, disch. Feb. i8, 1862, wounds. 
 . Anderson, W. O., Knoxville, e. April 23, i86i, disch. Oct. 9, i86i. 
 
 Anderson, J. F., Knoxville, e. April 23, i86i, disch. Oct. 9, i86i. 
 
 Andrews, J. O., Knoxville, e. April 23, i86i, disch. Oct. 9, i86i. 
 
 Andrews, J. H., Knoxville, e. April 23, i86i, disch. Oct. 9, i86l. v 
 
 Baldwin, J., Knoxville, e. April 23, i86i, m. o. July 14, 1862. 
 
 Barnard, J. H., Knoxville, e. April 23, i86i, disch. 
 
 Barton, E. G., Knoxville, e. April 23, i86i, disch. Oct. 9, i86i. 
 
 Bays, W. M., Knoxville, e. April 23, i86i, m. o. July 14, 1862. 
 : Bryant, James, Knoxville, e. April 23, i86i, disch. Oct. 9, i86i. . 
 
 Burt, J. S., Knoxville, e. April 23, i86i, disch. Oct. 9, i86i. .. . ' 
 
 Burt, F., Knoxville, e. April 23, i86i, m. o. July 14, 1862. .:' . 
 
 Campbell, J. F., Knoxville, e. April 23, i86i, disch. Oct. 9, i86l. 
 . Calkins, F. P., Oneida, e. April 23, i86i, m. o. disch. July 14, 1862. 
 
 Coe, P. S., Knoxville, e. April 23, i86i, disch. Oct. 9, i86i. 
 
 Cone, G. W., Knoxville, e. April 23, i86i, disch. Oct. 9, i86i. 
 
 Crossen, W. H., Knoxville, e. April 23, i86i, m. o. July 14, 1862. 
 
 Courtney, E. C., Knoxville, e. April 23, i86i, m. o. July 14, 1862. 
 
 Culver, Hiram A., Knoxville, e. April 23, i86i, disch. April i, 1862. 
 , Davis, G. W., Knoxville, e. April 23, i86i, killed at Lexington, Mo. 
 
 Dennis, D. H., Knoxville, e. April 23, i86i, died April 30, 1862, wounds. 
 
 Dunham, W. O., Knoxville, e. April 23, i86i, m. o. July 14, 1862. 
 
 Fillmore, J. H., Knoxville, e. April 23, i86i, disch. Oct. 9, i86i. 
 
. ,. e-^--;., .S-:; HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY ^^ : :..^-l 345 
 
 'V. . Finley, J. A., Oneida, e. April 23, i86i, sick at m. o. regt , /:! '.:- : : '-'': ,,. 
 
 v;x Gaston, H. O., Knoxville, e. April 23, i86i, m. o. July 14, 1862. ^;;^ ^^f"/' v^ , 
 
 -v^- Gibbs, J., Lynn, Knoxville, e. April 23, i86i, m. o. July 14, 1862. i . '^; ; 
 . ^. Goddard, A. W., Knoxville, e. April 23, i86i, m. o. July 14, 1862. .,'..-- ^ . 
 
 ':'.;: Harding, A., Knoxville, e. April 23, i86i, m. o. July 14, 1862. ''./ ;:: ' 
 
 ;. : V;^ Higley, E. D., Knoxville, e. April 23, i86i, m. o. July 14, 1862. ^ / '? v 
 
 ':.;.. Hines, L., Knoxville, e. April 23, i86i, m. o. July 14, 1862. \/r^ i : : 0- .' ' 
 
 ;;;: Hoag, L. D., Knoxville, e. April 23, i86i, m. o. July 14, 1862. -' X'' ^ -.'i' v 
 
 .: V . Holmes, David, Knoxville, e. April 23, i86i, disch. Oct. 9, i86i. " T. 
 
 ' Hotchkiss, M. V., Knoxville, e. April 23, i86i, disch. Feb. lO, 1862, wounds. !; . 
 
 Kingsley, J. C, Knoxville, e. April 23, i86i, disch. Oct. 9, i86i. . : .^ : : 
 
 - Kirk, R., Knoxville, e. April 23, i86i, m. o. July 14, 1862. ' .:' A.. ; ' ' 
 
 Krotter, J. P., Knoxville, e. April 23, i86i, disch. Oct. 9, i86i. : - : 
 
 ,- - V Lawson, L., Knoxville, e. April 23, 1861, disch. Oct. 9, i86i. . '., r '-"/, 
 
 . , Martin, C. S., Knoxville, e. April 23, i86i, disch. Oct. 9, i86i. ' .' V ': .: v 
 : ;:.- Matteson, S. P., Knoxville, e. April 23, i86i, disch. Oct. 9, i86i. '~:\ : :; '''^'};; 
 . - : McBride, Wm., Lynn, e. April 23, i86i, m. o. July 14, 1862. ' v ; f ' ^ " 
 
 , / - McConn, A. M., Knoxville, e. April 23, i86i, disch. Oct. 9, i86i. ' 
 
 / - McDonald, W. H., Knoxville, e. April 23, i86i, killed at Lexington, Mo., Sept. / 
 :.;-' 20, i86i. %:, ::/;,, .>.-::.,.?::; 
 
 - : Meadows, J. H., Knoxville, e. April 23, i86i, disch. Oct. 9, i86i, .:?.',.-.' 
 
 ' Miller, M., Knoxville, e. April 23, i86i, disch. Oct. 9, i86i. ; j- : . .. . '; 
 
 ' . Morris, N., Knoxville, e. April 23, i86i, m. o. July 14, 1862. .' ;;-.v' .'\' ;K^ 
 
 - . ' Mosier, G. S., e. April 23, i86i, disch. Oct. 9, i86i. ?.. .- i^ : . ''.; .^ 
 
 . Newkirk, J. P., Knoxville, e. April 23, i86i, m. o. July 14, 1862. . ' v ; ' 
 
 ; ' Parkhouse, J., Knoxville, e. April 23, i86i, disch. Oct. 9, i86i. ; :->;'',: 
 
 . , Patterson, Geo., Knoxville, e. April 23, i86i, pro. com. sergt. .;.';:...'.. 
 
 .. ; Peabody, Wm., Knoxville, e. April 23, i86i, disch. Oct. 9, i86i. ./ ./ .:. ; : . 
 
 ':', . V Potter, J. M., Knoxville, e. April 23, i86i, disch. Oct. 9, i86i. /;./ :.^/;';^^^r.- ' 
 
 ; Rench, F. O., Knoxville, e. April 23, i86i, m. o. July 14, 1862. ^ .\r,-;^-;\_ ^: -"I - 
 
 ' : ' '^ Roe, T. H., Knoxville, e. April 23, i86i. m. o. July 14, 1862. ;f:; :'' '-''-' v 
 
 - Roe, D. M. Knoxville, e. April 23, i86i, disch. Oct. 9, i86i. ; ,.;V', '/:.;.' 
 .;. Samuels, C., Knoxville, e. April 23, i86i, disch. Oct. 9, i86i. ;,i ., - ' 
 
 ' . Schnebley, J. H., Knoxville, e. April 23, i86i, m. o. July 14, 1862. --X --I..;! 
 
 ; : Sperry, G. G., Knoxville, e. April 23, i86i, disch. Oct. 9, i86i. - ' ; - . 
 
 ; ; Stevens. R., Knoxville, e. April 23, i86i, disch. Oct. 9, i86i. "i; '';;/: 
 
 . Stewart, Yates, Knoxville, e. April 23, i86i, disch. Oct. 9, i86l. ^ /.j-X:-' :' v. 
 
 Strain, D. W., Knoxville, e. April 23, i86i, m. o. July 14, 1862. ' :.':i ''.^ :;^'X '.. 
 ; ; - Townsend, J. W., Knoxville, e. April 23, i86i, disch. Oct. 9, i86i. .^; :'':'^'! ;,. 
 
 ; :> Waterberry, D. H., Knoxville, e. April 23, i86i, disch. Oct. 9, i86i. ;.'.:-';,, 
 
 ^ Wemple, C. H., Knoxville, e. April 23, i86i, disch. Oct. 9, i86i. 
 
 : Wetmore, W. M., Knoxville, e. April 23, i86i, drowned. 
 
 . .' Whitney, M. W., Knoxville, e. April 23, i86i, m. o. July 14, 1862. 
 
 ' ; r. Woolsey, E. W., Knoxville, e. April 23, i86i, m. o. July 14, 1862. 
 
 y Young, J. P., Knoxville, e. April 23, i86i, disch. Oct. 9, i86i, . 
 
 . ' , ;' Young, R., Knoxville, e. April 23, i86i, m. o. July 14, 1862. 
 
HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY 
 
 846 
 
 Annis, J. K., Knoxville, e. Nov. 15, i86i, m. o. July 14, 1862. 
 . Anderson, Philip, Knoxville, e. Nov. i, i86i, m. o. July 14, 1862. 
 . Berger, Harry O., Knoxville, e. Nov. 15, 1861, m. o. July 14, 1862. 
 
 Benston, Olof, Knoxville, e. Nov. i, i86i, m. o. July 14, 1862. 
 
 Butts, G. W., Knoxville, e. Dec. 15, i86i, m. o. July 14, 1862. 
 . Butler, Cyrus, Knoxville, e. Feb. i, i86i, m. o. July 14, 1862. 
 
 Butler, Wm. C., Knoxville, e. Feb. 15, i86i, m. o. July 14, 1862. 
 
 Crothers, M. L., Knoxville, e. Nov. i, i86i, m. o. July 14, 1862. 
 
 Colson, Henry, Knoxville, e. May i, i86i, m. o. July 14, 1862. 
 
 Coakley, N. B., Knoxville, e. April 5, i86i, m. o. July 14, 1862. 
 
 Dudley, Geo. A., Knoxville, e. Nov. 15, i86i, m. o. July 14, 1862. 
 
 Downes, A. J., Knoxville, e. Feb. i, 1862, m. o. July 14, 1862. 
 
 Fowler, W. P., Knoxville, e. Feb. i6, 1862, m. o. July 14, 1862. ' 
 
 Gotrich, J., Knoxville, e. Nov. 15, i86i, m. o. July 14, 1862. 
 
 Grant, E., Knoxville, e. Feb. i, 1862, m. o. July 14, 1862. 
 
 Gibbs, C. G., Knoxville, e. Nov. 15, 1861, m. o. July 14, 1862. 
 
 Goddard, Henry, Knoxville, e. Nov. 15, i86i, m. o. July 14, 1862. 
 
 Gilbord, J. F., Knoxville, e. Aug. 20, i86i, m. o. July 14, 1862. 
 
 Henry, M., Knoxville, e. Nov. 15, i86i, m. o. July 14, 1862. 
 Hicks, Thomas, Knoxville, e. Nov. 15, i86i, m. o. July 14, 1862. 
 Jones, J. C., Knoxville, e. Nov. 15, i86i, m. o. July 14, 1862. 
 Kinney, W. S., Knoxville, e. April lo, 1862, m. o. July 14, 1862. 
 Lander, P. O., Knoxville, e. Nov. 15, i86i, m. o. July 14, 1862. 
 
 ; Lewis, Peter, Knoxville, e. Nov. 15, i86i, m. o. July 14, 1862. ' 
 -. Lafferty, E., Knoxville, e. Nov. 15, i86i, m. o. July 14, 1862. 
 : Lewis, S. R., Knoxville, e. Feb. i6, 1862, m. o. July 14, 1862. 
 
 Manchester, A. A. G., Knoxville, e. Nov. 15, i86i, m. o. July 14, 1862. 
 
 McGivin, R. H., Knoxville, e. Nov. i, i86i, m. o. July 14, 1862. 
 
 McCaslin, J., Knoxville, e. Nov. i, i86i, m. o. July 14, 1862. 
 
 Miller, M. C., Knoxville, e. Jan. i, 1862, m. o. July 14, 1862. 
 . Moak, N., Knoxville, e. Jan. i, 1862, m. o. July 14, 1862. 
 
 Morris, M., Knoxville, e. Feb. i, 1862, m. o. July 14, 1862. 
 McCaffrey, J. W., Knoxville, e. Feb. i, 1862, m. o. July 14, 1862. 
 Merritt, W. H., Knoxville, e. April lo, 1862, m. o. July 14, 1862. 
 : Mallory, L., Knoxville, e. Nov. 15, i86i, m. o. July 14, 1862. 
 McRussell, T., Knoxville, e. Dec. 15, 1862, deserted. 
 Norris, L. H., Knoxville, e. Nov. i, i86i, m. o. July 14, 1862. 
 Nelson, J. S., Knoxville, e. Jan. i, 1862, m. o. July 14, 1862. * 
 Neale. J. W., Knoxville, e. April 23, i86i, m. o. July 14, 1862. 
 Nelson, M. W., Knoxville, e. July 7, i86i, m. o. July 14, 1862. 
 Nims. H. A., Knoxville, e. Feb. i, 1862, m. o. July 14, 1862. 
 Olson, S., Knoxville, e. Nov. 15, i86i, m. o. July 14, 1862. 
 Ostrander, J. W., Knoxville, e. April 5, 1862, m. o. July 14, 1862. 
 Robinson, C. F., Knoxville, e. Nov. i, i86i, m. o. July 14, 1862. 
 Robinson, R., Knoxville, e. Nov. 15, 1861, m. o. July 14, 1862. 
 
;^;'';:: :;': ^ V ; HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY '/-^'i; ; 347 
 
 Rondz, J., Knoxville, e. Nov. 15, i86i, m. o. July 14, 1862. ;f;x ;: . v ^ : 
 
 ; Rose, J. H., Knoxville, e. Feb. i, 1862, m. o. July 14, 1862. iv ; ;^:^ ' 1^; ^ 
 
 Rhodes, F., Knoxville, e. Nov. i, i86i, m. o. July 14, 1862. ;(* ,.:;;> 
 
 : Shaw, F. C., Knoxville, e. May 20, 1862, m. o. July 14, 1862. ;; J, ^ : ^;;;- 
 
 Short, E. L., Knoxville, e. Nov. 15, i86i, m. o. July 14, 1862. V^ ' J: ; -: ^j 
 
 Schwabby, J., Knoxville, e. Feb. lo, 1862, m. o. July 14, 1862. ;-:;/. : ; [,-}, 
 
 Shinn, F. B., Knoxville, e. April lo, 1862, m. o. July 14, 1862. ; ^ . { - 
 
 Thompson, J., Knoxville, e. Feb. i, 1862, m. o. July 14, 1862. i V'J^ :^; ^ ' ; 
 
 Tibo, Thomas, Knoxville, e. Nov. i, i86i, deserted. ' ;.; : 
 Walgren, C. E., Knoxville, e. Nov. 15, i86i, m. o. July 14, 1862. - ' )^ ! v 
 
 Wolsey, E., Knoxville, e. July i, i86i, m. o. July 14, 1862. ::r :?>,.;;;; 
 
 7TH CAVALRY 
 
 Seventh Cavalry was organized by Col. Wm. Pitt Kellogg, then of Canton, in 
 i86l. In this regiment were 212 men from this county; two of whom were killed, 
 28 died, 5 were wounded, and 8 were taken prisoners. ' ; '' ;' '^ >. \ 
 
 : COMPANY B ' ' K;'- . "'i;---:'^-:. ' 
 
 '' ' . '?-'' 
 
 Porter, J., Ontario, e. Jan. 19, 1865, m. o. Nov. 4, 1865. .; ;.';. = '' 
 
 Woolsey, Wright, Orange, e. Aug. 12, i86i, resigned, Jan. 2, 1862. /i ..:;;, 
 Hodge, Levi, Knox co., e. Jan. 8, 1862, resigned June i, 1862. ' '-. / 
 
 Reynolds, Wm. H., Orange, e. June i, 1862, term expired Oct. 15, 1864. '_ ' : :. 
 
 ' ..\:.;-'.v ;- ^ , .:..''.-..-,.;;'''..;,' First Lieutenant .','.;,-".,;- , ' ' ^'- .v^./;^^';.--.^: VT" . 
 Mount, Franklin, Cedar, e. Oct. 12, 1864, vet. m. o. Nov. 4, 1865. , '': :;.::/.- 
 
 "''.-. ' '. ' ' ' ' . ' : ' ; ' *"" . 
 
 Second Lieutenants '^:'':^;^;' 
 
 Yargan, Wm. O., Orange, e. Jan. 8, 1862, resigned. May 23, 1862. -,:.,; 
 McCool, James S., Sparta, e. June i, 1862, term expired Oct. 15, 1864. ; !.^ 
 
 First Sergeant - 
 
 Olmstead, S. E., Victoria, e. Aug. lo, i86i, died at Victoria, 111., Dec. 9, i86i. 
 
 '''.-.:-'-' '' ':.-.'''';''' .V- -T Q. M. Sergeant ' -;/>; : ' -/^r-.. ' '.'' ^.f :" 
 Olmsted, C. W., Orange, e. Aug. lo, i86i, disch. \-' ^ ^^- v 
 
 Sergeants 
 
 Smith, Thomas D., Orange, e. Aug. lo, i86i, died at New Madrid, Mo., March 
 2, 1862. 
 Morris, C. N., Orange, e. Aug. lo, i86i, vet. m. o. Nov. 4, 1865. ^ :V V^^' ' 
 
348 HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY 
 
 : ; :V;v^::;\- - : r';v' Corporals . .; :^ 
 
 .' Vulgimore, Davis, Maquon, e, Aug. lo, i86i, vet., pro. capt. Co, G, m, o, Nov. 
 
 4,1865. ' , . 
 
 Garrison, F. T., Chestnut, e, Aug. lo, i86i, disch. July 9, 1862, disability, ' 
 Hendricks, J. B., Chestnut, e. Aug. lo, i86i, disch. Oct. 13, 1862, disability. 
 
 "; Davis, Allen M., Chestnut, e. Aug. lo, i86i, disch, Dec, 5, 1862, wounds. '','.';'. 
 Potts, J., Chestnut, e, Aug. lo, i86i, died at Savannah, Tenn., June 8, 1862. 
 
 :*' " ' Bugler ' ..-,'; ..\ ; v - 
 
 Lawrence, James, Knox co,, e, Aug, lo, i86i, vet, m, o, Nov, 4, 1865, sergt. 
 
 Farrier 
 McCray, Daniel, Knox co., Aug. lo, l86i, disch. May 30, 1862, disability, 
 
 . ' ; ' Blacksmith ' ' ''.^^' -' \ . 
 
 Wilson, John, Galesburg, e. Aug. lO, i86i, disch. April i, 1863, disability. 
 
 Saddler 
 Roscum, John, Knox co,, e, Aug, lo, i86i, vet. m. o. Nov, 4, 1865, 
 
 ^V-^'*^ .Wagoner V- -;'"'. .i- -:.. 
 
 Caover, Eli, Knox co., e. Aug. lo, i86i, disch. March 3, 1863, disability. ' -, 
 
 -' Privates " ' ..,: 
 
 Ackley, D. C., Cedar, e. Aug. lo, i86i, disch. June 13, 1862, disability. . '. 
 Allen, J, H,, Maquon, e. Aug. lo, i86i, ::;:'' ''fJ'.V^.'^^;-;/ 1 :-;';' 
 Barthleman, G. C., Chestnut, e. Aug, lo, i86i, disch. April i6, 1862, disability. 
 Baldwin, E., Indian Pt., e. Aug. lo, i86i, vet., m. o. Nov. 4, 1865. 
 Betterton, J., Chestnut, e. Aug. lo, i86i, disch. Oct. 13, 1862, disability, - . ; 
 Betterton, Geo., Chestnut, e. Aug. lo, i86i, vet,, m, o. Nov, 4, 1865, V . 
 
 ; Barnett, Alex., Orange, e, Aug. lo, i86i, vet, m, o. Nov. 4, 1865, | ; . ; - 
 Bloom, J. M., Knox co., e. Aug. lo, i86i, vet., m, o, Nov, 4, 1865, '' . 
 
 Belden, Geo., Knox co., e. Aug. lo, i86i, m. o. July 8, 1865, prisoner of war, 
 Craver, C. P., Indian Pt., e, Aug, lO, i86i, vet,, killed at Nashville, Tenn., 
 Dec. 15, 1864. : '" '-' . .. '."::.:'';/'.'.;:':-;'.' 
 
 Crary, E. J., Cedar, e, Aug. lo, i86i, vet., m. o. Nov. 4, 1865, corpl. 
 Cunningham, J., Cedar, e. Aug. lo, i86i, disch. Jan. 15, 1863, disability! 
 Coe, J. W., Orange, e. Aug. lo, i86i, vet., m. o. Nov. 4, 1865, sergt, 
 Dennis, W. H., Orange, e. Aug. lo, i86i, died at Jacinto, Miss., July i8, 1862. 
 Davis, Geo. W., Maquon, e. Aug. lo, i86i, disch. June 13, 1862, disability, /; ' 
 
 :, Denean, D., Cedar, e. Aug. lo, i86i, disch. July 9, 1862, disability, i - . : ' 
 Earl, Geo., Sparta, e. Aug. lo, i86i, vet., m. o. Nov. 4, 1865. ^' -.- 
 
 Elwell, J. E., Orange, e. Aug. lo, i86i, vet., m. o. Nov. 4, 1865, sergt. ''.". 
 Eastes, J. A., Orange, e. Aug. lo, i86i, disch. Sept, 2, 1862, disability, - ; v> 
 
 Errick. Charles, Knox co., e. Aug. lO, i86i, disch. April i6, 1862, disability. 
 
 Errickson, M., Galesburg, e. Aug, lO, i86i, vet,, pro, chief bugler, m, o, Nov, 4. 
 1865, 
 
;.'\::->-^5;;V^>' ;X HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY V 349 
 
 Edrington, G. E., Galesburg, e. Aug. lo, i86i, m. o. Oct. 15, 1864, corpl. " - ; 
 
 : Fields, F. P., Knox co., e. Aug. lo, i86i, disch. Aug. 26, 1862, disability. ; t 
 
 . Gibbs. F. A., Knox co., e. Aug. lo, i86i, disch. July 3, 1862, disability. i 
 
 Garrett, J. H., Orange, e. Aug. lo, i86i, m. o. Oct. 15, 1864. " / 
 
 Hubbard, Uri, Chestnut, e. Aug. lO, i86i, vet., m. o. Nov. 4, 1865. --.'..X 
 
 Humeston, C. J., Cedar, e. Aug. lo, i86i, disch. Sept. i6, 1862, disability. H .; ;' 
 Henderson, G. H., Maquon, e. Aug. lo, i86i, vet., m. o. Nov. 4, 1865. -^ ,>'.; ' ; 
 Jones, Safford, Cedar, e. Aug. lo, i86i, died at Memphis, July 30, 1863. .:;:';.;:;: 
 
 ^ Jones, J. L., Indian Pt., e. Aug. lO, i86i, disch. April 13, 1863, disability. . ; '^ 
 Jones, C., Cedar, e. Aug. lo, i86i, vet., m. o. Nov. 4, 1865, corpl. '? V 
 
 Lawrence, G. F., Orange, e. Aug. lo, i86i, vet., m. o. Nov. 4, 1865, corpl. ,: V.; 
 
 Mather, J., Orange, e. Aug. lo, i86i, died at Birds' Point, Mo., Jan. 27, 1862. : . 
 Mohallan, A., Indian Pt., e. Aug. lo, i86i, disch. March 14, 1863, disability. V. 
 
 Mullis, S., Indian Pt., e. Aug. lo, i86i, disch. June 13, 1862, disability. ; ; . /.. 
 
 Massey, I. J., Orange, e. Aug. lo, i86i, vet., m. o. Nov. 4, 1865. >; v ; 
 
 Milam, Wm., Maquon, e. Aug. lo, i86i, m. o. April 24, 1866, prisoner of war.i' ' - . 
 Mott, S. C., Victoria, e. Aug. lo, i86i, vet., m. o. Nov. 4, 1865. : .. v 
 
 Marsh, A. B., Cedar, e. Aug. lo, i86i, died at Mound City, 111., Jan. i6, 1862. ,_-; 
 Morey, J. K., Cedar, e. Aug. lO, i86i, disch. Oct. 19, 1862, disability. ; ' ^ 
 
 Messenger, L. G., Victoria, e. Aug. lo, i86i, vet., m. o. Nov. 4, 1865. .,; ; , . ' . 
 Morrison, G. G., Cedar, e. Aug. lo, i86r, vet., m. o. Nov. 4, 1865. . . J . 
 
 More, E. M., Galesburg, e. Aug. lo, i86i, killed near Okolona, Miss., Feb. 22, 
 1864. '-^ 
 
 Newgent, Thomas, Knox co., e. Aug. lo, i86i, drowned April 3, 1862. .'.".:;;; 
 O'Grady, D., Knox co., e. Aug. lo, i86i, pro. hospl. steward. '.: v 
 
 Potts, Noah, Chestnut, e. Aug. lo, i86i, m. o. Sept. 24, 1865, prisoner of war. . .': 
 Peters, Jacob, Cedar, e. Aug. lo, i86i, disch. Oct. 24, 1862, disability. ';-:.* 
 
 Raines, P. R., Cedar, e. Aug. lo, i86i, m. o. Oct. 15, 1864, farrier. ! 
 
 Rutledge, I., Galesburg, e. Aug. lo, i86i, missing in action near Somerville. . 
 
 Short, H. T., Indian Pt., e. Aug. lo, i86i, vet., m. o. Nov. 4, 1865, ist sergt. .' '; 
 
 ; Shumaker, J. H., Chestnut, e. Aug. lo, i86i, disch. June 13, 1862, disability. 
 
 Stephens, Robert, Cedar, e. Aug. lo, i86i, died at Corinth, Sept. 15, 1862, . 
 
 wounds. ::;:,: 
 
 ) Terry, I. C., Ontario, e. Aug. lo, 1861, vet. y- " ;Mr^' "-'v \ 
 
 Vulgimore, J., Maquon, e. Aug. lo, i86i, trans, to invalid corps. '., > > ': 
 
 Whipp, C., Galesburg, e. Aug. lo, i86i, vet., m. o. Nov. 4, 1865, sergt. ' , v-^: 
 
 " Woods, N. C., Galesburg, e. Aug. lo, i86i, m. o. Oct. 15, 1865, ist sergt. " - 
 
 Wallick. M. L., Orange, e. Aug. lo, i86i, vet. corpl. died Aug. lo, 1865, at 
 
 Decatur, Ala. . '"i 
 
 Way, S., Chestnut, e. Aug. lo, i86i, vet., pro. 2d lieut. Co. G. - 
 
 Wahlgrene, A. F., Knox co., e. Aug. lO, i86i, vet., died at Nashville, Tenn., i ' 
 
 Dec. i6, 1864. V. 
 
 .V Wilcox, T. J., Galesburg, e. Aug. lo, i86i, m. o. Oct. 15, 1864. : : 
 :. Yargan, Wm. O., Orange, e. Aug. lo, i86i. '" 
 
850 HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY 
 
 . , Recruits 
 
 '; Booton, T. A., Abingdon, e. Aug. ii, 1862, m. o. July 12, 1865, corpl. 
 
 Bonham, B. A., Abingdon, e. Sept. i, 1862, m. o. July 8, 1865, prisoner of war. 
 : .: Butts, S., Abingdon, e. Aug. 4, 1862, m. o. July 12, 1865, wounds. 
 
 - Brown, Leander A., Abingdon, e. July 25, 1862, m. o. July 12, 1865, 
 .: Bellwood, L., Abingdon, e. July 25, 1862, m. o. July 12, 1865. i 
 Booton, Wm., Abingdon, e. Aug. 30, 1862, m. o. July 12, 1865. 
 Byram, C. E., Orange, e. Dec. 30, 1863, m. o. June 22, 1865. 
 ; . Bellwood, Levi, Abingdon, e. July 25, 1862, died at Corinth, Oct. 23, 1862. 
 : Brulin, C., Rio, e. March 9, 1865, m. o. Nov. 4, 1865, 
 
 Crosson, S., Abingdon, e. Aug. 7, 1862, died at Eastport, Miss., April 15, 1865. 
 Christopher, Wm., Abingdon, e. Aug. 9, 1862, m. o. June 30, 1865. 
 Comson, D., Abingdon, e. Aug. ii, 1862, died at Lagrange, Tenn., April 14, 
 1863. 
 
 Christopher, Geo., Abingdon, e. Feb. 15, 1864, died at Memphis, June 14, 1864. 
 > Calhoun, J. C., Abingdon, e. Aug. 15, 1862, disch. Sept. lo, 1863, disability. 
 
 Cox, E. V., Indian Pt., e. Jan. 20, 1865, m. o. Nov. 4, 1865. 
 .; . Cannon, J. H., Knox, e. Jan. 20, 1865, m. o. Nov. 4, 1865. 
 : Elwell, W. E. Knoxville, e. Nov. 9, 1863, m. o. Nov. 4, 1865, as bugler. - . 
 Elwell, E. B., Knoxville, e. Dec. 30, 1863, m. o. Nov. 4, 1865. I ^^: ' :. 
 
 ' . Fairchild, Levi, Abingdon, e. Aug. 8, 1862, m. o. July 12, 1865. 
 . . Fairchild, Geo., Abingdon, e. Aug. 15, 1862, m. o. July 12, 1865, as corpl. 
 '. Fenton, F., Abingdon, e. Feb. 20, 1865, sick at m. o. of regt. 
 Garrison, Wm., Abingdon, e. May 16, 1864, m. o. Nov. 4, 1865. 1: '--v Vv- 
 
 ' : Hiram, Enke, Abingdon, e. Aug. 9, 1862, vet., m. o. July 12, 1865, as corpl. 
 Hanley, J., Orange, e. Dec. 30, 1863, m. o. Nov. 4, 1865. 
 Harvey A., Abingdon, e. Aug. 9, 1862, m. o. July 12, 1865. 
 \ .; Hyde, J. C., Abingdon, e. May 4, 1864, m. o. May 17, 1865. 
 
 Harvey, Joseph, Abingdon, e. Aug. 5, 1862, died Memphis, Aug. 5, 1863. 
 Hemdon, J. W., Knox co., e. Jan. 20, 1862, m. o. Nov. 4, 1865. 
 Lawrence, J. K., Abingdon, e. Aug. ii, 1862, m. o. July 12, 1865. 
 : Lawrence, J. M., Orange, e. Dec. 30, 1863, m. o. Sept. 23, 1865. 
 : Lomax, C. P., Abingdon, July 25, 1862, m. o. July 12, 1865. 
 ,:: Lenquist, J., Rio, e. March 9, 1865, m. o. Nov. 4, 1865. 
 ,; Moore, Geo., Abingdon, e. July 25, 1862, m. o. July 12, 1865. 
 . '' Maxson, D., Abingdon, e. Aug. ii, 1862, m. o. July 12, 1865. 
 ' Murdock, J., Abingdon, e. Aug. 9, 1862, died in Knox co.. 111., March 14, 1863. 
 V;.;. Mullis, S., Abingdon, e. Aug. 9, 1862, died at Memphis, March 31, 1864. 
 . ;^ Matteson, M. D., Abingdon, e. Sept. i, 1863, m. o. Nov. 4, 1865. 
 
 Morris, Geo., Knoxville, e. Aug. 12, 1864, m. o. Nov. 4, 1865. 
 , Morris, N., Knoxville, e. Feb. lo, 1863, m. o. Nov. 4, 1865, as sergt. ;': 
 . Morris, M., Knoxville, June 24, 1863. 
 - : . McDonald, J., Rio, e. March i6, 1865, m. o. Nov. 4, 1865. 
 V Maholand, A., Knox co., e. Jan. 20, 1865. 
 . Pearl, J., Salem, e. March 9, 1865, m. o. Sept. 23, 1865. 
 ': Reese, W. W., Abingdon, e. Aug. ii, 1862, disch. March i6, 1863, disability. 
 
HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY 
 
 351 
 
 Ruble, Peter, Kriox co., e. Jan. 20, 1865, m. o. Nov. 4, 1865. 
 
 Stiles, J. R., Abingdon, e. Aug. 4, 1862, m. o. July 12, 1865. 
 
 Stiles, M., Indian Pt., e. Feb. 15, 1864, m. o. Nov. 4, 1865. V; 
 
 Shay, J., Abingdon, e. Aug. 9, 1862, m. o. July 12, 1865. '-- v 
 
 Shay, D., Abingdon, Feb. 15, 1864, m. o. Nov. 4, 1865. s ; 
 
 Smith, Lewis, Hermon, e. Feb. 15, 1864, m. o. Nov. 4, 1865. J i 
 
 Smith, I., Abingdon, e. Aug. ii, 1862, m. o. July 12, 1864. -V- 
 
 Tude, James, Abingdon, e. Aug. 7, 1862, m. o. July 12, 1865. '' 
 
 Thompson, F. M., Abingdon, e. May i6, 1864, m. o. Oct. 6, 1865. 
 
 Thompson, E., Chestnut, e. Jan. 26, 1865, m. o. Nov. 4, 1865. / .;: 
 
 Way, J., Hermon, e. Feb. 15, 1864, m. o. Nov. 4, 1865. ; . * 
 
 Woolsey, G. W., Orange, e. Nov. 9, 1863, m. o. Nov. 4, 1865. ^^^ X -. ^:; 
 
 Woolsey, W. H., Orange, e. Dec. 17, 1863, m. o. Nov. 4, 1865. -^' '' 
 
 Wilcox, J. H., Knoxville, e. Dec. 17, 1863, m. o. Nov. 4, 1865. 
 
 Westerfield, J. R., Abingdon, e. May i6, 1864, died at Memphis, Oct. i8, 1864. 
 
 Wines, John, Abingdon, e. Aug. 4, 1862, died at LaGrange, Tenn., March 27, 
 
 1863. 
 
 Wilkinson, R., Salem, e. March 9, 1865, m. o. Nov. 4, 1864. 'v . 
 Warring, H., Knox Co., e. Jan. 20, 1865, m. o. Nov. 4, 1865. 
 
 :. Young, J. H., Abingdon, July 28, 1862, m. o. July 12, 1865. 
 
 . Beam, B., Cedar, e. Feb. 21, 1865, died at Huntsville, Ala., Sept. i6, 1865. 
 
 .''A V-.V ''';':.-'/'/: ^ -:''':' N^^"^:^'-:''.-'''-''--'..-' COMPANY K "'V v,'-^:;-,-' ^' 
 
 -;:;; '\'.--.5:-'' .. :'-^v' Recruits "'.'. ~' . V 
 
 ;: ; Babbitt, John, Abingdon, e. Aug. 24, 1862, died at Andersonville prison, July 
 20, 1864. 
 
 Benson, Geo. C., Chestnut, e. Dec. 17, 1863, m. o. Nov. 4, 1865. 
 ^ Benson, Wm. L., Chestnut, e. Dec. 17, 1863, m. o. Nov. 4, 1865. 
 
 Bivins, W. A., Abingdon, e. Aug. 30, 1862, m. o. Aug. 12, 1865. 
 
 Brown, Austin J., Abingdon, e. Aug. 20, 1862, m. o. July 12, 1865. 
 
 Bliss, A. B., Abingdon, e. Aug. ii, 1862, missing in action since Feb. 20, 1864. 
 
 Bowman, J. M., Abingdon, e. Aug. ii, 1862, m. o. July 12, 1865. 
 
 Bomgardner, F. M., Chestnut, e. Dec. 17, 1863, m. o. Nov. 4, 1865, bugler. 
 
 Burnaugh, L., Abingdon, e. Aug. 20, 1862, m. o. July 12, 1865. 
 
 Burnaugh, A., Abingdon, e. Aug. ii, 1862, m. o. July 12, 1865. 
 
 Burnaugh, Joseph, Orange, e. Dec. 17, 1863, m. o. Nov. 4, 1865. 
 
 Burnaugh, Benj., Orange, e. Dec. 17, 1863, m. o. Nov. 4, 1865, prisoner of war. 
 
 Cramer, Wm., Abingdon, e. Aug. ii, 1862, m. o. July 12, 1865. 
 
 Cole, Geo. V., Abingdon, e. Aug. 20. 1862, trans, to Invalid Corps. 
 
 Clabaugh, J. S. A., Chestnut, e. Feb. 23, 1865, m. o. Nov. 4, 1865. 
 
 Eggers, Matthew, Chestnut, e. Jan. 26, 1865, m. o. Nov. 4, 1865. 
 
 Eggers, James, Chestnut, e. Feb. 23, 1865, m. o. Nov. 4, 1865. . v. 
 
 Freeze, J. M., e. Aug. 30, 1862, m. o. July 12, 1865. --./ 
 
 Freeze, H., Orange, e. July 13, 1865, m. o. Nov. 4, 1865. : 
 
 Hall, Samuel, Abingdon, e. Aug. 5, 1862, m. o. July 12, 1865, as corpl. 
 
 Hale, M. D., Chestnut, e. Dec. 17, 1863, m. o. Nov. 4, 1865. . ,. ^ 
 
852 HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY 
 
 Heald, H. P., Abingdon, e. Aug. 20, 1862, pro. to sergt. major, m. o. July 12, 
 1865. 
 
 Hendricks, S., Chestnut, e. Dec. 17, 1863, m. o. Nov. 4, 1865, as corpl. 
 Hohenshelt, H., Orange, e. Feb. 3, 1865, m. o. Nov. 4, 1865. 
 ' Massie, Thomas, Chestnut, e. Dec. 17, 1863, m. o. Sept. 27, 1865. 
 . McKinzie, R., Abingdon, e. Aug. 20, 1862, m. o. July 12, 1865. 
 Morris, J. F., Indian Pt., e. Dec. 17, 1863, m. o. Nov. 4, 1865. 
 Moon, R. A., Chestnut, e. Jan. 26, 1865, m. o. Nov. 4, 1865. 
 Neff, Christian, Abingdon, e. Aug. 20, 1862, m. o. July 12, 1865. 
 Nelson, J. S., Abingdon, e. Aug. 7, 1862, drowned at Eastport, Miss., March 3, 
 1865. 
 
 Parks, J., Galesburg, e. Nov. i8, 1863, m. o. Nov. 4, 1865. 
 ^ ^ Potter, Wm., Abingdon, e. Aug. 30, 1862, m. o. July 12, 1865. 
 Putnam, F., Abingdon, e. Aug. 20, 1862, m. o. July 12, 1865. 
 Randall, G. C., Abingdon, e. Aug. ii, 1862, m. o. July 12, 1865. 
 ' .;; Russell, H. C., Abingdon, e. Aug. ii, 1862, absent sick at m. o. regt. 
 : Routh, C. E., Chestnut, e. Jan. 26, 1865, m. o. Nov. 4, 1865. 
 'Routh, T. J., Chestnut, e. Jan. 26, 1865, m. o. Nov. 4, 1865. 
 Sloan, A. F., Abingdon, e. Aug. ii, 1862, m. o. July 12, 1865. 
 Steach, G. C., Abingdon, e. Aug. ii, 1862, disch. May 8, 1863, disability. , , 
 Smith, W. H., Hermon, e. Feb. 15, 1864, m. o. Nov. 4, 1865, corporal... . .:;r';;;.. 
 Tyler, A. C., Galesburg, vet., m. o. Nov. 4, 1865, co. com. sergt. /. -. 
 
 Turner, Horace, Abingdon, e. Aug. 20, 1862, m. o. July 12, 1865, serg^. '.x '^;_ 
 Tift, E. W., Abingdon, e. Aug. 20, 1862, m. o. July 12, 1865, corporal. . ; .^ 
 Virtue, T. K., Hermon, e. Feb. 15, 1864, vet., m. o. Nov. 4, 1865, corporal. 
 
 .> COMPANY L 
 
 Adkins, James, Abingdon, e. Sept. i6, 1862. 
 
 Brown, Wm. B., Abingdon, e. Aug. 28, 1862, m. o. July 12, 1865. 
 
 Burnett, D. D., Abingdon, e. Aug. 20, 1862, disch. April 8, 1863, disability. 
 
 Butler, J. E., Knox co., e. Jan. i6, 1865, died at New Albany, Ind., March 6, 
 1865. 
 
 Epperson, J. L., Abingdon, e. Aug. lo, 1862, m. o. July 20, 1865, 
 
 Johnson, N. L., Abingdon, e. Aug. 4, 1862, m. o. July 12, 1865. 
 
 Mitchell, L., Abingdon, e. Sept. 2, 1862, m. o. July 12, 1865. 
 
 Mathewson, J. C., Abingdon, e. Aug. 24, 1862, m. o. July 12, 1865. 
 
 Miller, A. C., Abingdon, e. Aug. 24, 1862, m. o. July 12, 1865, corpl. 
 
 Park, W. B., Abingdon, e. Aug. ii, 1862, died at Baton Rouge, July 14, 1863. 
 
 Pyle, Benj. F., Abingdon, e. Aug. 20, 1862, died at Lagrange, Tenn., Feb. 15, 
 1863. 
 
 Rine, Michael, Abingdon, e. Aug. 20, 1862, m. o. July 12, 1865. 
 
 Reed, Isom, Indian Pt., e. Jan. 20, 1862, m. o. Sept. 23, 1865. 
 
 Thompson, H., Abingdon, e. Aug. 4, 1862, died at Memphis, May 5, 1864. 
 
 West, H., Knox co., e. Aug. 29, 1862, disch. May 13, 1865, wounds. 
 , West, J., Indian Pt., e. Feb. 15, 1864, m. o. Nov. 4, 1865. 
 
HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY 
 
 White, E., Abingdon, e. Aug. 29, 1862, killed at Early Grove, Miss., Jan. 25, 
 
 3. 
 
 West, W., Indian Pt., e. Jan. 20, 1865, m. o. Nov. 4, 1865. - / / 
 
 ""''. - ' . .V* -' " ' 
 
 ,:',.. Unassigned Recruits :' .; 
 
 Dunbar, B. JT., Rio, e. Jan. 31, 1865. :,.\ ; -v/: :'; .AH.'. ^ - 
 Elcha, John, Abingdon, e. Sept. 2, 1865. v;!^--/- ;' ' 
 
 Moats, L. W., Abingdon. v -\V: ;.;. 
 
 Adams, James, Knox co., e. Oct. 19, 1864. : ; ^.tV 
 
 -V:-, .,;, ..... ...V. ...... 9TH CAVALRY .. ; .;:-Vv;:;;; 
 
 :''" " ' ' '" ' ' COMPANY C ' -i^KV 
 
 / Davison, J. L., Knox co., e. Oct. 20, 1864, m. o. May 31, 1865. ,i j.* ^' , 
 
 -..;>;: ;.;::;v^V..-..- -,; COMPANY H .';;.:';- ^': ': .'^^'. 
 
 ,''' ' ' - " - t ' 
 
 Robinson, R., Knoxville, e. Jan. 25, 1864, disch. Aug. 4, 1864, wounds. . ' 
 
 \ --." J 
 
 ' "' ''' """'""' ~ ' ' COMPANY I ; '-'' . o;;;;v'. '^w.^-v'-. 
 
 .; Hadley, J. D., Galesburg, e. Oct. 17, i86i. " ''-' ^;^ , 
 
 . Wills, P. M., Galesburg, e. Oct. 19, i86i, m. o. Oct. 31, 1865. : / 
 
 Gray, Wm., Victoria, e. Feb. i, 1864, died at East Port, Miss., Feb, lo, 1865. V: 
 
 :-v-' 'C-''-'-;'f '-":^ ''': V-:''' A..;- - . COMPANY K ' -";-:'r';v . v^\:.. 
 
 :'^''-:'' -'''- -;- - Sergeant ' ; ' ''' '' .' ' ': ^^ 
 
 Stanley, Geo. C., Copley, e. Oct. 2, 1861, m. o. Oct. 31, 1864, ist sergt. ; ' 
 
 ".'.^'' %':.^\V -'-v-^. !''":' ':-^.' ':'-. :'''' .'-V' 
 
 Corporal : . ;. - 
 
 i Hallenback, Peter, Copley, e. Sept. 19, i86i, disch. June i, 1862, sergt. :i' -: 
 
 ' ''^'' ''"''"'';' ''' Privates '' '' " '''.:':: '.'. 
 
 Bennett, Isaac, Victoria, e. Sept. 19, i86i, died at Patterson, Mo., May ii, >',^ .- 
 
 1862. , :,:. -V.;::. l'-^ ..;'> 
 
 Bennett, Alex., Victoria, e. Sept. 19, i86i, disch. June i, 1862. i . 
 
 Brott, Willis, Victoria, e. Oct. 2, i86i, vet., trans, to 2d U. S. C. artillery. ' . . 
 
 Belcher, W. R., Truro, e. Sept. 24, i86i, m. o. Oct. 31, 1864. :^ :' : 
 
 Boggs, William, Victoria, e. Sept. 19, i86i, disch. June i, 1862. ; r^: ' 
 
 Boggs, David, Victoria, e. Oct. 21, i86i. > ; ' 
 
 Foster, E., Victoria, e. Oct. 12, i86i, vet., died in hands of the enemy. ;.%"'>.' 
 
 Hubbell, Wm. H., Victoria, e. Oct. 19, i86i, disch. Oct. 28, 1862. 
 
 Jarvis, S. G., Victoria, e. Oct. 6, i86i. ^ ^ . 
 
 Kimbler, Caleb, Truro, e. Oct. 8, i86i, vet., m. o. Oct. 31, 1865. v'v'' .; 
 
 Moak, P., Victoria, e. Oct. 13, i86i, vet., m. o. Oct. 31, 1865, corpl. ' r 
 
 Olmstead, W. B., Victoria, e. Sept. 19, i86i, died at St. Louis, Nov. 3, 1862. 
 
 Olmstead, J. R., Victoria, e. Sept. 19, i86i, disch. June i, 1862. >. . 
 
 Osgood, W., Truro, e. Oct. 8, i86i, m. o. Oct. 31, 1864. >"' r ..., 
 
 ' 
 
854 
 
 HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY 
 
 Stanley, J. M,, Victoria, e. Sept. 19, i86i, m. o. vet., Oct. 31, 1865, sergt. 
 
 Strong, W. F., Truro, e. Sept. 19, i86i, died at Patterson, Mo., April 9, 1862. 
 
 Sager, S. S., Truro, e. Sept. 19, i86i, m. o. Oct. 31, 1864. 
 
 Stafford, S., Rio, e. Sept. i8, i86i, vet, m. o. Oct. 31, 1865. 
 
 Wayman, J., Victoria, e. Sept. 19, i86i, disch. Nov. 24, 1862. 
 
 Wilmot, B. A., Sparta, e. Sept. 20, 1862, vet., m. o. Oct. 31, 1865, sergt. 
 
 Wilder, J. R., Truro, e. Oct. i8, i86i, m. o. Oct. 31, 1864. 
 
 Foster, T. A., Wataga, e. Oct. 17, i86i, vet., m. o. Oct. 31, 1865, sergt. 
 
 :' :.:', Recruits 
 
 Blackwood, L. D., Altona, e. Jan. 23, 1864, m. o. Oct. 31, 1865. 
 Lynes, C, Victoria, e. Nov. 25, i86i. 
 ^ Neil, J. W., Victoria, e. Feb. i, 1864, m. o. Oc't. 31, 1865, corpl. 
 
 Smith, A. H., Altona, e. Nov. 25, i86i, disch. July 22, 1862. 
 : Strong, H. P., Victoria, e. Jan. 19, 1862. . 
 
 Shannon, S. L., Victoria, e. Feb. i, 1864, m. o. June 22, 1865. 
 : Bruner, Isaac, Rio, e. April 24, m. o. Oct. 31, 1865. ^ 
 
 .;. .; ' :.;'';, '" , COMPANY L ''"'' r- . -' - '. 
 
 ''.,' .. . . '-*,' V 
 
 ... ,''\; ' . " , ' ' Privates ^i ':.'..'-' 
 
 . Gay, Frank, Galesburg, e. Nov. i, i86i, vet., m. o. Oct. 31, 1865. 
 Green, John, Elba, e. Jan. 3, 1865, m. o. Oct. 31, 1865. 
 Huntington, A., Henderson, e. Feb. 3, ^365, m. o. Oct. 31, 1865, corpl. 
 Fox, Samuel, Knox co., e. Sept. 20, i86i, Co. E, loth Cavalry. 
 
 .^ : ' ; iiTH CAVALRY 
 
 The Eleventh Cavalry was organized by Col. Robert G. Ingersoll, of Peoria. 
 .- This county had men in companies B, C, E, H, K and M io8 in all, two of whom 
 V, were killed ; 8 died. 
 
 Adjutant. -' 
 
 . Oram, Benjamin, Galesburg, e. April 20, 1865, resigned June 23, 1865. 
 
 Surgeon 
 
 Stratton, Robert F., Maquon, Jan. 23, 1862, m. o. Sept. 30, 1865. 
 
 V; COMPANY B 
 
 .' *w, '' 
 
 Bane, A. J., Yates City, e. Sept. 21, i86i, vet, died at Yates City, 111., May 3, 
 \ 1864. 
 
 ; Clark, W., Galesburg, e. Sept 24, i86i. ;/ > ',^ 
 
 . .' 'v Recruits - J^'.._^::' '':'": '",;-. 
 
 - Awl, C. S., Salem, e. Jan. 21, 1865. ; v/ ; : 
 
 ; -' Awl, W. M., Truro, e. Jan. i8, 1865. ' '^' '"''"' ''"' 
 Bevens, J. E., Salem, e. Jan. 23, 1865, m. o. Sept. 30, 1865. 
 
HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY 355 
 
 Bishop, i. A., Salem, e. Jan. 26, 1865, m. o. Sept. 30, 1865. 
 Bevens, Geo., Salem, e. Jan. 23, 1865, m. o. May 13, 1862. 
 Grouse, E. H., Salem, e. Jan. 20, 1865, m. o. Sept. 30, 1865. 
 ! Carroll, C. C., Salem, e. Jan. 1 8, 1865, m. o. Sept. 30, 1865. :; 
 
 Jones, A. H., Salem, e. Feb. 3, 1865, m. o. Sept. 30, 1865. v ;:;:;. -.^ 
 
 McKeighan, S., Salem, e. Jan. 23, 1865, m. o. Sept. 30, 1865. 
 
 Nichols, J. H. H., Truro, e. Jan. i8, 1865, m. o. Aug. 5, 1865. 
 
 Orton, M., Salem, e. Feb. 3, 1865, m. o. Sept. 30, 1865. '- ;: -^ j;^ ' 
 
 Reamy, E., Salem, e. Jan. 20, 1865, absent sick at m. o. regt. ..--':>,/ 
 
 * --'*-.' ' ' "' ' 
 
 .:, . .-. --, . COMPANY C ."-:';''' '.if';- : 
 
 '. ' ' ' ' Captain 
 
 Freeman, Geo. W., Galesburg, e. Dec. 20, i86i, resigned March 20, 1862. 
 
 ;V' /, First Lieutenant :;: 
 
 Brown, Jacob D., Galesburg, e. Dec. 19, 1864, vet., m. o. Sept. 30, 1865. ; 
 
 " Second Lieutenant 
 
 Doll, Geo. W., Galesburg, e. March 28, 1865, vet., m. o. Sept. 30, 1865. - 
 
 : Sergeant /; . 
 
 Thomas, Delos, Galesburg, e. Oct. i, i86i, died at Jackson, Tenn., Jan. 2, 
 1863. ..... 
 
 r';! V: Corporals . : c^- -'^ ' .. 
 
 Patch, James J., Galesburg, e. Oct. 26, i86i. > : 
 
 Sloey, P., Galesburg, e. Oct. 14, i86i. : ^ ;- \ ; 
 
 ''' ' - Farrier 
 
 Brown, W. N., Galesburg, e. Oct. 17, i86i, vet., m. o. Sept. 30, 1865. 
 
 '''' t. "i /' :''''-'.', 
 
 Privates 
 
 Allen, H. A., Galesburg, e. Oct. 15, i86i, vet., m. o. Sept. 30, 1865, sergt. 
 Anderson, W., Galesburg, e. Oct. lo, i86i, disch. Oct. 3, 1864. 
 Barrett, M. A., Galesburg, e. Sept. 26, i86i, disch. July i, 1862, disability. 
 Dunham, W., Henderson, e. Nov. 14, i86i. 
 
 Eakins, J. C., Galesburg, e. Oct. 7, i86i, vet., m. o. Sept. 30, 1865, corpl. 
 Fletcher, A. B., Galesburg, e. Oct. i, i86r, vet., m. o. Sept. 30, 1865. 
 Freaks, P., Galesburg, e. Oct. 7, i86i, vet., m. o. Sept. 30, 1865, corpl. 
 Griffith, John, Galesburg, e. Oct. 21, i86i, vet., m. o. Sept. 30, 1865, ist sergt. 
 Geary, John, Galesburg, e. Oct. 19, i86i. ;^-:;>; '^ 
 
 Gray, W. W., Galesburg, e. Nov. i, i86i, vet., m. o. Sept. 30, 1865, corpl. 
 Hickey, C., Galesburg, e. Oct. i6, i86i. 
 Mahony, M., Galesburg, e. Oct. i6, i86i. 
 McPherson, C., Galesburg, e. Nov. 19, i86i, vet., th. o. Sept. 30, 1865. 
 
856 
 
 HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY 
 
 ; Morrisy, J., Galesburg, e. Nov. 14, i86i. 
 
 ^ McMakin, S., Galesburg, e. Nov. 7, i86i, vet., m. o. Sept. 30, 1865, sergt. 
 
 : Newell, H. S. Galesburg, e. Oct. 21, i86i, vet. 
 
 ' Rose, J. D., Galesburg, e. Oct. 12, i86i. 
 
 ,' Rusk, David, Galesburg, e. Oct. 12, i86i, disch. Nov. 15, 1862, disability. 
 
 - Raymond, A., Galesburg, e. Oct. 19, disch. Dec. lo, 1862, disability. 
 
 Winters, Curtis, Galesburg, e. Oct. i6, i86i, died at Galesburg, Feb. 25, 1862. 
 
 -'.. ' Recruits 
 
 Anderson, W. F., Galesburg, e. April 7, 1865, "^- o- Sept. 30, 1865. 
 ; Doll, S. H., Galesburg, e. March 22, 1864, m. o. Sept. 30, 1865. 
 ', Dunham, W. O., Henderson, e. Dec. 20, 1863, m. o. Sept. 30, 1865. 
 ; ' Gormley, C. P., Galesburg, e. Jan. 2, 1864, m. o. Sept. 30, 1865. 
 vv Hogan, Geo., Galesburg, e. Feb. 3, 1864, m. o. Sept. 30, 1865. 
 
 Hoggatt, G. W., Henderson, e. Feb. 17, 1864. 
 
 " Jones, W. A., Galesburg, e. March 27, 1864, m. o. Sept. 30, 1865. 
 , Leary, J., Galesburg, e. Feb. 3, 1864, m. o. Sept. 30, 1865. 
 ' Miller, H. C., Galesburg, e. Feb. 6, 1864, m. o. Sept. 30, 1865. 
 ' Miles, E., Galesburg, e. Feb. 5, 1864, m. o. Sept. 30, 1865. 
 . Moren, James, Henderson, e. March 23, 1865, died in Illinois, Aug. 29, 1865. 
 ; . Perkins, A. L., Galesburg, e. March 20, 1864, m. o. Sept. 30, 1865. 
 
 Raymond, B., Galesburg, e. Jan. 4, 1862. 
 
 Raymond, Bingham, Galesburg, e. Feb. 15, 1864, died at Memphis, March 25, 
 1865. 
 
 Sloan, Wm., Galesburg, e. March 20, 1864, m. o. Sept. 30, 1865. 
 
 Sheeley, S. V., Galesburg, e. Feb. 4, 1864, m. o. Sept. 30, 1865. 
 :' Sperry, Peter, Galesburg, e. Dec. 31, i86i, disch. Sept. 7, 1862, disability. 
 
 Spencer, J. A., Galesburg, e. Feb. 13, 1862, vet., m. o. Sept. 30, 1865. 
 
 Wimmer, H., Galesburg, e. Feb. 5, 1864. 
 
 ' ', '< ;".. .- :> COMPANY E ^ '-;;;' ;> 
 
 Privates -"' 
 
 '...: Ford, J. C., Truro, e. Feb. 22, 1865, m. o. Sept. 30, 1865, corpl. . .' 
 King, James, Elba, e. Jan. 20, 1865, m. o. Sept. 30, 1865, corpl. i - 
 
 ', Lucas, D., Victoria, e. Jan. 20, 1865, m. o. Sept. 30, 1865. 
 ; McCoy, W., Elba, e. Jan. 20, 1865, m. o. Sept. 30, 1865. / 
 
 . . Nelson, J., Victoria, e. Jan. 30, 1865, m. o. Sept. 30, 1865. 
 '. Oberholtzer, John, Truro, e. Jan. 20, 1865, m. o. Sept. 30, 1865. 
 
 Parrish, J. W., Lynn, e. Jan. i8, 1865. 
 
 . Shaffer, T. J., Victoria, e. Jan. 20, 1865, m. o. Sept. 30, 1865. ; ; ; 
 
 Wilson, J. K. P., Elba, e. Jan. 20, 1865, m. o. Sept. 30, 1865. r 
 
 /'' ",.'r'; ;''''''' '"^:-'V:-'\. COMPANY H 
 
 .''_'''-- ' '' - "' -^ Privates ''-'- 
 
 ; Hale, W. H., Knoxville, e. March, 9, 1864, killed near Memphis, March 8, 1865. 
 L Brown, W. F., Copley, e. Feb. 9, 1865, m. o. Sept. 30, 1865. 
 
HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY ' 867 
 
 Burdick, L. R., Truro, e. Feb. 22, 1865, died at Memphis, May 5, 1865. 
 Hoadley, R., Copley, Feb. 9, 1865, absent sick at m. o. of regt. 
 Jones, J. N., Copley, e. Feb. 9, 1865, m. o. Sept. 30, 1865. ; 
 
 Thompson, W. C., Altona, e. Feb. 17, 1864, m. o. Sept. 30, 1865. : 
 
 :-!"'/. '...''.-. . . ' 
 
 COMPANY I , . : 
 
 McFarland, Peter, Abingdon, e. Oct. 17, i86i, vet., m. o. Sept. 30, 1865, sergt. .;;; ' 
 x--t Swain, M., Abingdon, e. Oct 17, i86i, vet., m. o. Sept. 30, 1865, corpl. -,' , 
 
 '"'iVf''..--.--.^-.-- ^ ; :-.x. COMPANY K , .' , '-'^ -J. ': ';''-: 
 
 - ?'V.v-"' ''' " - '' _ . ' ' -^^ .' 
 
 '::--J',-.-^- Captain .v. 'i. 
 
 ;\^ Woods, H. C, Maquon, e. Dec. 20, i86i, term ex. Dec. 19, 1864. ; ?^ 
 
 ' - "( . "-.." 
 
 . .-,-*.- ^- -,.;, 
 
 ' ; K' "' '' ' " ^^"' ^ Second Lieutenant : ':.; I'i 
 
 :.;;^ Duckett, Frederick, Maquon, e. March 28, 1865, m. o. Sept. 30, 1865. -, 
 
 ,'7' ; Corporal '-..f-'". 
 
 .-vV Lindsey, James, Maquon, e. Nov. 6, i86i, disch. Dec. 5, 1862, disability. :'.;.' 
 
 /:'"'':. -v ''-' .:'-:r\'-- ^..-'. Privates '..-'::''..'.: ^'-"'',- 
 
 ;;';- Achors, M. V., Maquon, e. Nov. i8, i86i, vet, m. o. Sept 30, 1865. - '; 
 
 :' i;: Bricker, Geo., Maquon, e. Nov. 6, i86i, vet, m. o. Sept. 30, 1865. - 
 
 .;';..;, Barton, Milton, Maquon, e. Nov. 6, i86i. -.' \ 
 
 ; .-- Dalton, M., Maquon, e. Nov. 6, i86i, killed at Jackson, Tenn., Dec. 6, 1862, by ;;;:'' 
 
 a citizen. ^n/ 
 
 Jones, A., Maquon, e. Nov. 6, i86i, disch. Dec. 19, 1864. . V' 
 
 Laughlin, A., Maquon, e. Nov. 6, i86i, died at Girard, 111., March ii, 1862. ; .'- 
 McGhovin, C., Maquon, e. Nov. 6, i86i, died at Pittsburg Landing, June i, ;-'' 
 1862. _ , ........ k:?'::. 
 
 Recruits '.. : ,-- 
 
 .i^V Allison, E. R., Maquon, e. Jan. 6, 1862, vet., m. o. Sept 30, 1865. . . / 
 
 ;.-;v:/ Benton, N., Maquon, e. March 31, 1864, m. o. Sept. 30, 1865. '^' " -^'-V; -' V' ; . 
 
 ;:.';, Dyer, J. M., Maquon, e. March 26, 1864, absent sick at m. o. regt. -..^ ; :. 
 
 :''[:'': Duckett, F., Maquon, e. June i8, 1862. :-/:: 
 
 Dobyns, S. C., Maquon, Feb. ii, 1862, vet, m. o. Sept. 30, 1865. > : ; ^-i 
 Huntley, W. A., Galesburg, April 26, 1864, m. o. Sept. 30, 1865. ' 
 
 Lewallen, Wm., Maquon, March 28, 1864, absent sick at m. o. regt 
 Mitchell, J. A., Maquon, Feb. i, 1862, vet 
 
 Moore, V. A., Maquon, Dec. 28, i86i. ; . ^>-.;.'V^^^ 
 
 Waffle, C. H., Maquon, March 31, 1864, m. o. Sept. 30, 1865. 
 Page. R. F., Ontario, Feb. i6, 1865, m. o. Sept. 30, 1865. 
 ::/ Reddingbon, A. W., Ontario, Feb. i6, 1865, m. o. Sept. 30, 1865. 
 
 .r;:''.-:;: COMPANY H : . ./; . ;';<' 
 
 . ' ;: Roach, E., Victoria, e. Jan. 21, 1865, m. o. Sept 30, 1865. ' 
 
358 ; V. HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY 
 
 ,.:: Irwin, James, Truro, e. Jan. i8, 1865. 
 
 .^ Hall, James, Galesburg, e. Nov. 4, 1863. ' 
 
 \i; McChesney, H., Galesburg, e. Nov. 4, 1863. 
 Piper, Allen, Victoria, e. Jan. 20, 1865. 
 
 ;v'-:i:'/:'; -' -. '^^ ';':''';-' I2TH CAVALRY -v-Vj:^ 
 
 ;"'',:' -f v' " -^ '-'::;;. COMPANY i -'V^;': 
 
 '; :J-/ . " .:.;', ' ~, ''' Privates 
 
 . Babbitt, W. C., St. Augustine, e. Dec. 21, 1863, m. o. May 29, 1866. 
 Collison, R. J., St. Augustine, e. Dec. 21, 1863. 
 
 '. Cox, J., St. Augustine, e. Dec. 21, 1863, trans, to V. R. C. 
 
 ' Darnell, A., Maquon, e. Dec. 15, 1863, m. o. May 29, 1866. 
 
 Jones, W. W., St. Augustine, e. Dec. 21, 1863. 
 . Granger, J., Galesburg, e. May 8, 1862, Co. D, I2th cav. 
 { Terry, C. W., St. Augustine, e. May 24, 1862, Co. D, I2th cav., term ex. 
 >v Butterfield, W., Galesburg, e. Dec. 24, i86i, Co. G, I2th cav. 
 V Martinson, Wm., Galesburg, e. Dec. 24, i86i, paroled prisoner war., . 
 
 Cooper, L., St. Augustine, e. Dec. 21, 1863. 
 : Levens, C., Galesburg. 
 
 -. Munson, A., Galesburg, April 28, 1863, disch. May 20, 1865, disability. 
 
 Hester, G. B., Galesburg, e. Dec. i, i86i, pro. 2d. lieut., Co. A, I3th cav., m. o. 
 
 Dec. 31, 1864. 
 
 . :~ . ... . I4TH CAVALRY 
 
 Company A of the Fourteenth Cavalry was from Knox county, and numbered 
 
 seventy-two men. They were under command of Captains Marvin S. Carr and 
 
 John S. Henderson. 
 
 .::' ''.' ".'-.' '' '':' COMPANY A '.;,':%- .'''':- 
 
 .; Captains ; 
 
 Carr, Marvin S., Galesburg, e. Jan. 7, 1863, resigned Feb. lO, 1864. 
 : Henderson, John S., Maquon, e. Feb. lo, 1864, resigned June 27, 1865. 
 
 .1; - '* First Lieutenant : 
 
 Stevenson, Richard S., Maquon, e. July 14, 1865, m. o. July 31, 1865. 
 
 Second Lieutenant 
 i. Seymour, Henry, Galesburg, e. July 14, 1865, m. o. July 31, 1865. 
 
 V ... Hospital Steu'ards 
 
 '"' Dow, Samuel A., Galesburg, e. Sept. 13, 1862, pro. surgeon, i7th cav. 
 
 Livingston, Frederick W., Galesburg, e. Sept. 13, 1862, m. o. July^i, 1865. 
 
 ^y'' ' - Commissary Sergeant 
 
 ' Thurman, Corry T., Maquon, e. Sept. 13, 1862, missing in action since Aug. 
 31, 1864. : 
 
HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY :; 359 
 
 ' -'' -i ( 
 
 Sergeants :; :? 
 
 Morgan, James B., Galesburg, e. Sept. 13, 1862, disch. April 17, 1865, dis- 
 ability. 
 
 Wilson, Wm. W., Maquon, e. Sept. ii, 1862, disch. July 2, 1865, disability. 
 Seymour, Henry, Galesburg, e. Oct. 15, 1862, pro. 2d. lieut. 
 Baldwin, Walter, Maquon, e. Sept. 13, 1862, m. o. July i, 1865. 
 
 Corporals 
 
 Freemale, Samuel, Maquon, e. Sept. 13, 1862, m. o. June i6, 1864, pris. war. 
 Johnson, Henry S., Henderson, e. Oct. 15, 1862, m. o. July 31, 1865. 
 Allen, Wm., Maquon, e. Sept. 13, 1862, disch. Dec. 28, 1864, disability. 
 Babcock, Fred., Galesburg, e. Sept. 13, 1862, m. o. July 31, 1865, ist sergt. 
 Austin, N. T., Maquon, e. Sept. ii, 1862, m. o. July 31, 1865. 
 Marquess, Jonas, Maquon, e. Sept. 13, 1862, m. o. July 31, 1865. 
 
 ' V-"- Teamster ; . 
 
 McHenry, John, Maquon, e. Sept. 13, 1862, disch. May 8, 1863, disability. 
 
 / >'' ' ' ' Farrier 
 
 ; .\ Slaughter, J. W., Maquon, e. Sept. 13, 1862, died in prison in Richmond, Va. 
 
 :^ '"^^^^-cVi. :-.:>; '-v' Wagoner '.,;,.;; 
 
 jobes, W. I., Maquon, e. Sept. 13, 1862, disch. June 21, 1865, disability. 
 
 ;V>. Saddler \vov 
 
 Barton, Milton, Maquon, e. Sept. 13, 1862, disch. May 21, 1865, disability. 
 
 "^v- Privates v-'^ . :': ^.,'' 
 
 Allen, E., Maquon, e. Oct. 25, 1862, m. o. July 31, 1865, sergt. 
 
 Carr, G. H., Galesburg, e. Sept. 8, 1862, disch. Jan. 8, 1864, disability. 
 
 Curley, B., Galesburg, e. Oct. 25, 1864. 
 
 Comstock, H. Jr., Galesburg, e. Sept. 15, 1862, disch. June 4, 1865, disability. 
 
 Capron, O. T., Galesburg, e. Sept. 13, , disch. July 2, 1865, disability. 
 
 Errick, Charles, Knoxville, e. Sept. 12, 1862, trans, to V. R. C. 
 
 Edward, Frank, Galesburg, e. Sept. 14, 1862, detached, at m. o. of regt. 
 
 GuflF, C. D., Galesburg, e. Sept. 22, 1862, m. o. July 8, 1865. 
 
 Gabriel, M., Maquon, e. Oct. 23, 1862, m. o. July 31, 1865. 
 
 Gleason, T. W., Galesburg, e. Nov. 2, 1862, missing in action since Nov. 25, 
 1864. 
 
 Howard, F. A., Galesburg, e. Nov. 2, 1862, died at Jeffersonville, Ind., April 
 3. 1863. 
 
 Jones, C., Maquon, e. Sept. 12, 1862, m. o. July 31, 1865. 
 
 Jones, O., Maquon, e. Nov. 7, 1862, m. o. July 31, 1865. 
 
 Kinses, A., Maquon, e. Sept. 22, 1862, disch. in 1864, disability. 
 
 Lewis, Peter, Knoxville, e. Sept. 13, 1862, m. o. Aug. lo, 1865 
 
 Lindsey, C. M., Knoxville, e. Oct. 15, 1862, missing in action since Aug. 13, 
 1864. 
 
860 
 
 HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY 
 
 McHenry, J., Maquon, e. Oct. lo, 1862, disch. May 8, 1863, disability. 
 
 McCallach, Z., Maquon, e. Sept. 13, 1862, m. o. July 30, 1865, corpl. 
 ; McWilliams, D., Maquon, e. Sept. ii, 1862, disch. July 8, 1865, disability. 
 
 Miller, John, Galesburg, e. Sept. 13, 1862. 
 ; Nevitt, H. C., Maquon, e. Oct. 2, 1862, m. o. Aug. 3, 1865. 
 
 Oleson, Swan, Knoxville, e. Oct. 15, 1862, died in prison, Andersonville, Ga. 
 
 Peterson, A., Maquon, e. Oct. 15, 1862, died at Nashville, Tenn., Feb. 9, 1865, 
 
 Peterson, M., Maquon, e. Dec. 9, 1862. 
 
 Robinson, P., Galesburg, e. Nov. 2, 1862, missing in action Aug. 3, 1864. 
 ^: Stanton, A., Maquon, e. Sept. 13, 1862, dFsch. May i8, 1863, disability. 
 
 Simpkins, N., Maquon, e. Sept. 13, 1862. 
 . Sornberger, J., Maquon, e. Sept. 13, 1862, died at Peoria, 111., April 7, 1863. 
 
 Squires, A. H., Galesburg, e. Sept. 13, 1862. 
 
 ".: Smith, L. A., Maquon, e. Nov. 2, 1862, m. o. July 31, 1865. - :-;; .- 
 : Scott, C., Maquon, e. Sept. lo, 1862. :: "",;'. v : .. 
 
 Spring, J., Knoxville, e. Sept. 12, 1862. 
 
 VanArsdale, P., Henderson, e. Oct. 15, 1862, m. o. July 31, 1865, sergt. 
 
 West, C., Galesburg, e. Sept. 12, 1862, pro. Q. M. sergt. 
 
 Wimsett, D., Maquon, e. Sept. 13, 1862, m. o. July 3, 1865. 
 , Waffle, Geo., Maquon, e. Sept. 13, 1862, m. o. Aug. ii, 1865. 
 , Walker, H. L., Galesburg, Oct. i, 1862, pro. chief bugler. "..:.' 
 
 ..-'.' '- '. - Recruits "^'^ : -.^f^'-.^-^ _. 
 
 Buell, M., Maquon, e. Dec. 25, 1863, m. o. July 12, 1865. ;; ';'; 
 
 . Dopp, H., Salem, e. April 3, 1865, m. o. July 31, 1865. ; .^ 
 
 Gabriel, W., Maquon, e. Dec. 25, 1863, m. o. July 8, 1865. 
 
 House, A., Maquon, e. Dec. 25, 1863, m. o. July 31, 1865. 
 
 Henderson, J. R., Maquon, e. Jan. 20, 1864, m. o. July 31, 1865, wounded. 
 
 Jones, G, H., Maquon, e. Dec. 25, 1863, missing in action since Nov. 25, 1864. 
 . Moore, J., Maquon, e. Jan. 2, 1864, m. o. July 31, 1865. 
 . Malone, Thomas, Maquon, e. Jan. i8, 1864, m. o. July 8, 1865. 
 
 Norris, H., Maquon, e. Dec. 25, 1863, m. o. July 31, 1865, corpl. : 
 
 Pickrel, H., Maquon, e. Jan. i8, 1864, m. o. July 31, 1865. 
 
 Price, William, Maquon, e. Jan. 25, 1864, m. o. July 31, 1865. 
 
 Stodgell, G. W., Maquon, e. Jan. 21, 1864, killed in Ga., July 31, 1864. 
 
 White, Thomas, Maquon, e. Dec. 20, 1863, missing in action since Aug. 3, 
 1864. 
 
 Young, W. J., Abingdon, e. Feb. 20, 1864, m. o. July 31, 1865. 
 
 ; ,-. i6TH CAVALRY v .; '.^ 
 
 COMPANY K - 
 
 Hobbs, R. C., Altona, e. May 25, 1863, m. o. Aug. 19, 1865. 
 Koontze, J. H., Oneida, e. May 25, 1863, died at Richmond, Va., March 5, 
 1864, prisoner war. 
 
 Topper, E., Oneida, e. March 25, 1863, m. o. Aug. 19, 1865, pris. war. 
 
., . . HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY ;-: 361 
 
 COMPANY L ; 
 
 Emerson, John, Galesburg, died in Andersonville, June 12, 1864, No. grave 
 4,979- ,.,,,,, 
 
 COMPANY M 
 
 Butterfield, W, H., Galesburg, e. March 2, 1863, pris, war, m. o. June i6, 1865. 
 Fogerty, E., Galesburg. 
 
 Holland, N., Galesburg. . . .-, > 
 
 Maranda, C., Galesburg. \ - ;:',:^ j/ 
 
 -' - . '- . ' < ' ' '" ' V * 
 
 1ST ARTILLERY . I'^lf 
 
 Finch, Oscar, Walnut Grove, e. bat. E, Sepf. 25, i86i. .4 , .'; 
 Vanfleet, Dubois, Altona, e. in bat. E, Sept. 25, i86i. / V ; 'iv - 
 
 : . y ., , ,v 1ST LIGHT ARTILLERY /!" = \ 
 
 ;-/'V BATTERY E 
 
 Atwood, A. A., Elba, e. Aug. 29, 1862, died at Mound City, 111., Aug. 23, 1863. 
 
 '.>! :'";-'\^.:/';v "::,-''':-- .'''i''7- BATTERY H --l^ ';' ^::'-' 
 
 ;.: V / ": '^^ ^ Second Lieutenant ' : :. ' 
 
 Lewis, Larson, Knoxville, e. June 12, 1865, m. o. June 14, 1865. 
 
 Privates 
 
 Anderson, Peter, Galesburg, e. Jan. 15, 1862, died Pittsburg Landing, May 9, 
 1862. 
 
 Erickson, Swen, Knoxville, e. Feb. 26, 1862, died at Memphis, Sept. 19, 1862. 
 
 Larson, Peter, Galesburg, e. Jan. 27, 1862, vet., m. o. June 4, 1865, corpl. 
 
 Landstrom, John, Knoxville. 
 
 Mannson, Peter, Knoxville, e. Feb. 19, 1862, drowned at sea by burning of 
 steamer Gen. Lyon, March 31, 1865. 
 
 Nelson, J., Galesburg, e. Feb. 25, 1862, vet, m. o. June 14, 1865. 
 
 Wyman, P. S., Galesburg, e. Feb. 26, 1862, vet. sergt., killed in battle, July 22, 
 1864. 
 
 Johnson, S. J., Galesburg. ; .. 
 
 BATTERY M : A ;",'" ^.; '(V;'. ^;:-'- :-:^: 
 
 Proctor, J., Yates City, e. Jan. i, 1862, m. o. July 24, 1865. 
 
 ;-c' ft''~'V'^Vii'.: ^':i' 2D LIGHT ARTILLERY ; / . '^':;--^^-- 
 
 ' '-''-'' '' ' -' ' -' BATTERY A / C; . ' ' ^-'i^'' 
 
 Rodecker, W. B., Knoxville, disch. for disability. .' 
 
 x;V^\ BATTERY G ;- 
 
 Mathiason, C., Galesburg, e. Aug. 6, i86i, vet, died at Montgomery, Ala., 
 July 14, 1865. 
 
362 
 
 HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY 
 
 \ ,;. BATTERY H 
 
 .- . .. f- Captain 
 Stenbeck, Andrew, Galesburg, e. Dec. 31, i86l, resigned May 25, 1863. 
 
 Privates 
 
 Burton, J. W., Galesburg, e. Dec. i, i86i, vet., m. o. July 29, 1865, sergt. 
 Black, James, Henderson, e. Jan. 2, 1864, m. o. July 29, 1865. 
 Coomb, J., Galesburg, e. Jan. i, 1864, m. o. July 29, 1865. j 
 
 Davis, Geo. W., Galesburg, e. Jan. 21, 1864, m. o. July 29, 1865, sergt. ; 
 
 ' | 
 
 Lewis, J. T., Galesburg, e. Jan. 2, 1864, m. o. July 29, 1865. 
 
 Mitchell, O. E., Galesburg, e. Dec. i, i86i, vet., m. o. July 29, 1865, sergt. 
 
 Harbison, J., Henderson, e. Jan. 21, 1864, m. o. July 29, 1865. 
 
 Morse, J. A., Henderson, e. Jan. 2, 1864, disch. July 22, 1864, disability. 
 
 Stevens, James, Henderson. 
 
 Morse, E. N., Henderson, e. March 31, 1864, m. o. July 29, 1865. 
 
 Kelly, P., Galesburg, e. April 6, 1865, m. o. June 3, 1865. 
 
 Miller, J., Galesburg, e. April 7, 1865. 
 
 Needham, J. C., Galesburg, e. April 7, 1865. . :{:/} :::- ;- 
 
 O'Brien, M., Galesburg, e. April 6, 1865. / :/ ''^^ \^: - "^^ 
 
 White, E., Galesburg, e. April 6, 1865. ^ ' ;. ^'^ :^ ;'^\ V'^f 
 
 Wood, T., Galesburg, e. April 6, 1865. . -V-; :\v / K^^-' / :,^ \ 
 
 9TH U. S. COLORED INFANTRY AC- 
 
 COMPANY F 
 
 Bryan, Lloyd, Maquon, e. March 31, 1864, m. o. Nov. 6, 1865. 
 Cruthers, H., Abingdon, e. Nov. lO, 1864, m. o. Nov. 6, 1865. 
 
 -- :,-.. -.''. COMPANY G '^r '-:';.-' ' 
 
 Johnson, F., Ontario, e. Jan. 19, 1865, absent, sick, m. o. regt, 
 Smith, Geo., Ontario, e. Feb. 6, 1865. , . ,;,,:, 
 
 Taylor, J., Ontario, e. Jan. i8, 1865. i '. . .''/;:- 
 
 Williams, J., Ontario, e. Jan. 19, 1865. % :- - ;;/Ci' 
 
 Dennis, Fletcher, Galesburg, e. April 8, 1865. > > v^C!'^^^ ' 
 
 Miscellaneous 
 
 Dwyer, Michael, Galesburg, e. Jan. i, 1864, in Co. G, 9th inf., m. o. July 9, 
 1865. 
 ; Henderson, James, Wataga, e. Aug. i, i86i, in Co. K, I2th inf. I -^ 
 
 Hite, John C., Abingdon, e. Oct. 27, 1864, in Co. B, 2Oth inf., m. o. July i6, 
 1865. 
 
 Dew, Geo., Galesburg, e. June 20, i86i, in Co. F, 2Oth inf., disch. Dec. 9, i86i, 
 disability. 
 
 Woodward, H. B., Galesburg, e. Jan. 15, 1862, in Co. A, 22d inf., disch. 
 June 27, 1862, disability, 
 
 Martin, C., Galesburg, corpl., e. March i8, 1864, in Co. C, 23d inf., wounded 
 in hospl. at m. o. 
 
HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY : 363 
 
 Lyons, Daniel, Galesburg, e. March 20, 1862, in Co. C, 23d inf. 
 
 Mann, A. H., Knoxville, surgeon, e. Jan. i, 1864, in Co. I, 26th inf., m. o. 
 July 20, 1865. 
 
 Null, Geo. W., Yates City, e. Aug. 12, i86i, in Co. E, 27th inf., vet, killed 
 at Resaca, Ga., May 14, 1864. 
 
 Massie, A. L., Knoxville, e. Aug. 20, 1864, in Co. B, 29th inf., m. o. Nov. 6, 
 1865. 
 
 Orcutt, A. H., Galesburg, e. Aug. 17, i86i, in Co. G, 29th inft., vet. 
 
 Nichols, Orson, Galesburg, e. in Co. K, 3ist inf., trans, to N. C. S. 
 
 Cawsen, G. W., Copley, e. Feb. 14, 1865, in Co. I, 32d inf., m. o. Sept. i6, 1865. 
 
 Culler, Wm., Copley, e. Feb. 14, 1865, in Co. I, 32d inf., m. o. Sept. i6, 1865. 
 
 Connor, Nathaniel, Maquon, e. Sept. 6, i86i, in Co. K, 34th inf. 
 
 DeWitt, Oliver, Knoxville, e. Sept. 6, i86i, in Co. K, 34th inf., m. o. Oct. i8, 
 1864. 
 
 Gaddes, T. J., Knoxville, e. Sept. 6, i86i, in Co. K, 34th inf., m. o. July 12, 
 1865. 
 
 Wilson, J. H., Galesburg, e. July i, i86i, in Co. C, 44th inf., m. o. Sept. 25, 
 1865. 
 
 Murray, Truman, Galesburg, musician, e. Sept. i, i86i, in 48th inf. 
 
 Conger, E. D., Galesburg, ist sergt., e. Sept. 25, i86i, in Co. G, 32d inf. 
 
 Prentis, J. B., Galesburg, musician, e. Sept. 25, i86i, in Co. G, 52d inf. 
 
 Green, C. M., Galesburg, e. Sept. 25, i86i, in Co. G, 52d inf. 
 
 Green, A. P., Galesburg, e. Sept. 25, i86i, in Co. G, 52d inf., vet., pro. 1st 
 lieut. 
 :; McDougal, M., Galesburg, e. Sept. 25, i86i, in Co. G, 52d inf. 
 
 Firkins, John, Galesburg, e. Dec. i6, i86i, in Co. D, 53d inf. vet., m. o. July 
 23. 1865. 
 
 Thompson, G. W., Ontario, e. Jan. 20, 1865, in Co. E, 7Oth inf., sick at m. o. 
 regt. 
 
 Hartford, Geo., Abingdon, e. June i8, 1862, in Co. C, 84th inf., corpl., died 
 at Nashville, Jan. 15, 1863. 
 
 Bond, E. F., Galesburg, e. Aug. 8, 1862, in Co. K, 84th inf., m. o. June 8, 1865. 
 
 Smith, Harvey S., Galesburg, lieut. Col., e. Sept. 9, 1862, in 91 st inf., resigned 
 Oct. 20, 1864, since died. ;';:;y : " 
 
 Phillips, Edgar L., Knoxville, surgeon, e. Nov. i8, 1862, in 9ist inf., resigned 
 Sept. 14, 1863. 
 
 VanGilder, E., Knoxville, e. Aug. 14, 1862, in Co. H, 93d inf., died Dec. 13, 
 1864, of wounds, sergt. C t 
 
 VanGilder, M. C., Knoxville, e. Aug. 14, 1862, in Co. H, 93d inf., died May 
 15, 1863. 
 
 VanGilder, W. H., Knoxville, e. Aug. 14, 1862, in Co. H, 93d inf., m. o. June 
 23, 1863, corpl. 
 
 Walters, Albert, Oneida, e. Aug. 14, 1862, in Co. H, 93d inf., died at Mem- 
 phis, March 23, 1863. 
 
 Candee, M. G., Galesburg, Aug. ii, 1862, in Co. F, ii4th inf., detached at 
 m. o. of regt. 
 
364 HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY 
 
 . Hill, J. R., Yates City, e. Sept. 14, 1862, in Co. F, ii6th inf., m. o. June 7, 
 1865. 
 
 Parkins, J. D., Galesburg, e. Dec. 17, 1863, in Co. F, iiQth inf., detached at 
 m. o. of regt. 
 
 Thomas, Thomas, Wataga, e. Aug. 9, 1862, in Co. C, I24th inf., died at 
 Quincy, June II, 1864. ^ ;': \''-:A 
 
 Raise, H. W., Oneida, e. Aug. 12, 1862, in Co. D, I24th inf., m. o. Aug. 15, 
 1865, sergt. 
 
 Aiken, D. B., Oneida, e. Aug. 6, 1862, in Co. D, I24th inf., m. o., Aug. 15, 
 1865. 
 
 Hogabaum, R. A., Oneida, e. Aug. 12, 1862, in Co. D, I24th inf., disch. for 
 pro. Jan., 1864. 
 
 Kenyon, Geo. C., Knoxville, e. July 26, 1865, capt. Co. B, i3Oth inf., m. o. 
 Aug. 15, 1865. 
 
 McMallen, E. J., Galesburg, e. May 3, 1864, in Co. G, 140 inf., m. o. Oct. 29, 
 1864, sergt. 
 
 Williams, W. D., Galesburg, e. Sept. 24, 1864, died at Alton, Feb. 8, 1865. 
 
 Plummer, J. N., Knoxville, e. Feb. i, 1865, in Co. G, isoth inf., m. o. Jan. 
 i6, 1866. 
 : ; Law, D. W., Maquon, e. Feb. 6, 1865, in Co. A, I5ist inf., m. o. Jan. 24, 1866. 
 
 Low, S., Maquon, e. Feb. 13, 1865, in Co. A, I5ist inf., m. o. Jan. 24, 1866. 
 
 Lidrick, M. R., Abingdon. .- - 
 
 Cawser, J. C., Galesburg, e. April 6, 1865, in U. S. vet. vol. V ^; 
 
 Callhour, J., Galesburg, e. April 6, 1865, U. S. vet. vol. :::"^ ; : 
 
 Penkenpaugh, L. E., Henderson, e. in Co. E, 5th cav. ;!!' 
 
 Moore, Levi, Henderson, e. Feb. 13, 1864, in Co. F, 6th cav., m. o. Oct. 27, 
 1865. 
 
 Warren, H., Ontario, e. Jan. 18, 1865, in Co. I, 6th cav., m. o. Nov. 5, 1865. 
 
 Freeman, Fred E., e. in io6th N. Y. inf., hospl. steward, m. o. July 3, 1865. 
 
 . ' THE 4TH REGIMENT, L N. G. v'> \;-;'r/ !;;. 
 
 The 4th Regiment Illinois National Guards was first organized at Peoria, 
 February 2, 1876. Capt. John Huff, commanding the National Blues, was elected 
 Colonel; Capt. W. Whiting, commanding the Altona Rifle Company, was elected 
 Lieut.-Colonel, and Capt. A. T. Johnson elected Major. The Adjutant- 
 General notified Lieut.-Colonel Whiting that he was in full command 
 of the regiment, owing to the refusal of the Legislature to con- 
 firm Col. Huff. During the same winter the State Legislature passed a very 
 imperfect code, to organize and govern the militia of the state. The new code 
 went in force July i, 1877. As commanding officer of the regiment. Col. Whiting 
 ordered an election at Galva, on the 29th day of June, for the purpose of electing 
 a Colonel to command until February 2, 1878, as that was the time agreed upon 
 to hold the first election. There was some question about the time designated 
 for the election, some commands claiming February 2, others February 12, and 
 others February 22. On February i. Gen. Jasper N. Reese, commandng this 
 
 
HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY 865 
 
 brigade, whose duty it was under the new code to order elections, issued special 
 order No. 3, ordering an election to be held at Altona, February 12. The order 
 was promulgated by Cx>l. Whiting. On the 7th he received a telegram from 
 Gen. Reese, revoking order No. 3, without any explanation. On the I2th there 
 was a meeting of the field and line officers at Oneida. Col. Whiting, with the 
 expectation of receiving a reprimand for something he had or had not done, was 
 called into an adjoining room, when he was notified why order No. 3 was revoked, 
 and handed a petition, signed by the field and line officers, with the information 
 that they would not submit to an election, and insisted that he was duly elected for 
 five years under the new code. Col. Whiting refused to comply with the request, 
 and issued an order calling the field and line officers to meet at Kewanee for con- 
 sultation. At said meeting it was moved and carried unanimously that there 
 should be an election ordered for the purpose of electing a Lieut.-Colonel and 
 Major, but no election for Colonel. Col. Whiting requested Gen. Reese to issue 
 an order to elect a Colonel, Lieut.-Colonel and Major, or accept his resignation. 
 March 22 he received Gen. Reese's order No. 7, ordering an election at Galva, 
 April 4, at which time Gen. Reese was present. Col. Whiting received the entire 
 vote for Colonel, Major Wm. Jackson was elected Lieut.-Colonel, and Capt. O. L. 
 Higgins, Major. The fore part of July 1877, it was thought best to re-district 
 the State under the new law. Peoria, with three companies, was detached from 
 the 4th, and with several companies in that district formed the 7th Regiment. 
 Two companies from Moline were detached from the 8th and assigned to the 
 4th, and a company was formed at Princeton and assigned to the 4th. Another 
 company formed at Moline and one at Rock Island when the companies were de- 
 tached from the 4th, and the four companies at Rock Island and Moline were 
 formed into the 4th Battery. Owing to the re-organization it became necessary 
 for the members of the 4th Regiment to re-enlist ; but it being in the busy season, 
 it was not deemed necessary to muster the men in until cooler weather. On the 
 23d of July, when the great "strike" assumed such formidable proportions that it 
 hung like a pall over the commerce and manufactories of the country, threatening 
 not only to block the wheels of the nation's industries, but the life of the nation 
 itself, the companies were all notified to hold themselves in readiness for march- 
 ing orders at any moment. History furnishes few instances where men responded 
 with such alacrity. Twenty minutes after Capt. C. A. Smith, commanding Com- 
 pany C at Altona, had received his orders, he had twenty men in uniform at the 
 armory; and where a few moments before all was quiet, and no thought of 
 trouble, now could be seen and heard the tramp of the military and the com- 
 mands of officers. In four hours all the companies of the 4th Regiment reported 
 their men ready for duty. On Friday, July 27, Col. Whiting received orders from 
 Gen. E. N. Bates, then in command of the 2d Brigade, to which the 4th Regiment 
 belonged, to take any train and proceed to Alton Junction as fast as possible. 
 Col. Whiting received the order at 5 p. m. and promulgated it, and at 12 p. m. the 
 same night Cos. A, C, and H were at Galva. Soon after midnight Co. G, of 
 Toulon, came to Galva in wagons ; a train from the east soon brought Co. F, from 
 Kewanee. At 8 a. m. they took the cars for Peoria, by the P. & R. I. R. R. At 
 Wyoming county I joined them, and they all continued their journey toward East 
 St Louis, arriving there early on Sunday morning. They went immediately on 
 
366 HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY 
 
 duty, and continued so until Tuesday morning, when they were ordered to pro- 
 ceed to Galesburg. This being the point of intersection of four of the branch 
 lines of the C., B. & Q., and the residence of a large number of the striking 
 employes of the company, it was feared serious trouble might ensue; and the 
 fears were founded upon the fact that the strikers congregated about the depots, 
 held consultations, and, by persuasion or intimidation, prevented the running of 
 nearly all the trains over the road. But by the prompt though considerate action 
 of the authorities, and the good sense of the more intelligent strikers, who cau- 
 tioned moderation and no violence to property or person, the trouble ended peace- 
 ably on the first day of August, after six days^ duration, without the destruction 
 of life or property or the shedding of blood. The regiment arrived at Galesburg 
 soon after dark, hungry, dirty and tired, and remained there until WednesAy 
 evening, when all the companies except C and F were sent home; they remained 
 until Saturday afternoon. In justice to the field, staff and line officers, and espe- 
 cially to the private soldiers, upon whom the brunt of the labor rested, it is but 
 proper to say that their ready and willing response to the order, calling them 
 from their work in the shops, business-places, fields and homes, will ever be re- 
 membered as a proud record. There was no duty required of them that they 
 were not ready and willing to perform at any moment. 
 
 ;. The organization of the militia is for the purpose of assisting the civil authori- 
 ties to enforce law and obedience, when called upon. The citizens of the great 
 State of Illinois need have little fear that that duty will be well performed, when 
 necessity requires it, by the men who have shown such willingfness to discharge 
 it in the past. 
 
 Below are the names of the members of this organization who reside in this 
 county. The headquarters of the Regiment are at Altona. . .. . <. ,. 
 
 "':'", '^- '""'''"' \' ' : ; ' -.'^ '', BAND ,:.:^-" -;^;;^^^ :U:cv'.;'-;' h'/--':': 
 
 The 4th Regiment Band was organized in the fall of 1865, and has kept up 
 a continuous organization ever since. Previous to the summer of 1877 it was- 
 known as the Oneida Cornet Band. At that time it became the regimental band 
 for the 4th Regiment, I. N. G. The band is the oldest organization of the kind 
 in the county. The following are its members: C. S. ]^atteson, leader, ist E flat 
 cornet; M. J. Ladd, 2d E flat cornet; A. W. Ladd, ist B flat comet; Arthur Som- 
 ner, 2d B flat cornet; Harry Swafford, solo alto; F. C. Bristol, ist alto; E. Nel- 
 son, 2d alto; Fremont Cawkins, ist tenor; Leroy Cawkins, 2d tenor; W. Jelliff, 
 barytone; John Howland, ist base; W. W. Ladd, basso; Willis Swafford, snare 
 drum ; Henry Howland, bass drum. ' ;; -^ v ; V 
 
 REGIMENTAL OFFICERS :. . V; IV " V. 
 
 Col. Wm. Whiting, Altona, Knox county. 111. : ;l ;;;'; 
 Lieut.-Colonel Wm. Jackson. Elmira, Stark county. 111. ^ .J 
 
 Major O. L. Higgins, Oneida, Knox county. 111. ' .. ; 
 
 Major James F. Todd, Surgeon, Galva, Henry county. 
 Capt. Walter T. Hall, Assistant Surgeon, Toulon, Stark county. 
 
'>;: HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY :: " 367 
 
 Capt. G. Wiley Martin, Chaplain, Prairie City, McDonough county. 
 Lieut. Wm. O. Whiting, Adjutant, Altona, Ejiox county. .-r -''.'--;.' 
 
 Lieut. Theodore A. Wetmore, Quartermaster, Oneida, Knox county. '"-'';;' 
 Onslow P. Shellenbarger, Sergeant-Major, Toulon, Stark county. 
 Benjamin Whitcher, Quartermaster Sergeant, Wyoming, Stark county. 
 Robert D. Murray, Commissary Sergeant, Princeton, Beaver county. 
 Dr. Barnard S. Pick, Hospital Steward, Galva, Henry county. 
 [ D. W. Wooley, Color Sergeant, Altona, Knox county. \ .i/' 
 
 Frank W. Ward, Ordinance Sergeant, Kewanee, Henry county. :... ; 
 George W. Williams, Drum- Major, Galesburg, Knox county. ,'. . 
 
 Chas. S. Matterson, Principal Musician, Oneida, Knox county. ,. i -X. 
 ' Arthur W. Ladd, Principal Musician, Oneida, Knox county. V!'. ' 
 
 ' V' >^- '?;' V '''-;'''-...: v^N-;'''^!^-vl- DRUM CORPS ; ,;v-:: .-:.:' ./ -.','''',.::;.". .v:.'t^' 
 
 This drum corps, consisting of twenty-one boys ranging in ages from 7 to 15, 
 was organized at Galesburg on the 25th day of May, 1878, by Geo. W. Williams, 
 Drum Major of this regiment. This is the third regiment of which Drum 
 Major Williams has filled the position of Drum Major. He tendered this corps 
 to Col. Whiting, who accepted May 28. 
 
 Geo. W. Williams, Major and President; W. W. Williams, Secretary; Frank 
 Smith, Treasurer. ;..,- 'i'/.v ;V^^. -''.;'' ' ' ,: .,'CV'-;-;^^r-^-'^':;;' 
 
 DRUMMERS , i V 
 
 Walter W. Williams, Gust Hoffheimer, Geo. W. Williams, Jr., - . ; 
 
 Horace Willsie, Burt Ekins, William Dunsworth, -. ^t; 
 
 Frank Smith, ^ ^- ' Harry Parker, r : ' . . Clarence Smith, ;*. 
 
 Lyman Burk, ': , Frank Charvat, Warren Marshall, ;:;..- 
 
 Leon Charvat, > ^ Mart. O'Connor, Eddie Hoyle, V 
 
 Frank Cuiler, , Samuel R. Mead, Fred. H. Calson, ^^^? '""..:, ^ 
 
 Chas. Burton, ; f- Howard Fuller, ;;; i-; Chas. Fitch. ;.% \ cT'" 
 
 ';;; .v' ; ;;i COMPANY A (STATIONED AT ONETOA) v' -^ i';' 
 
 : Line Officers ' ; . 
 
 Capt. Frank Murdock, ist Lieut. J. W. Howland, 2d Lieut. Geo. R. Moore. ^ 
 
 '^^- ----> - ' N on-Commissioned Officers - > ^ 
 
 ist. Sergt. Wm. Black, 2d Sergt. Albert B. Risden, jd Sergt. Frank B. Moore, 
 4th Sergt. Howard Moore, 5th Sergt. (Vacant). 
 
 1st Corp. Elisha Kenney, 2d Corp. W. S. Dunn, 2d Corp. Adelbert Mosher, 
 4th Corp. J. L. Armstrong, 5th Corp. Tyler Thorn, 6th Corp. D. McSkimming. 
 7th Corp. Frank JelliflF, 8th Corp. Frederick West, . 
 
 ,>,-;'.;' '?v^-^';'''.:''^.:^r*^v Privates :'':;:..;>'.:-.' '' 'V-:-- ,'v' ^'.v-.'-\ 
 H. B. Allen, : ;;T George Brainard, Chas. L. Dingman, v- i^. . 
 
 Ed. Butler, : .:;;;. Jacob Creston, ^, . . Ralph Garrison, , ;; :' ' ! 
 
368 
 
 HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY 
 
 L. C, Mitchell, 
 Chas. A. Moore, 
 N. A. Olson, 
 Orrin E. Powell, 
 Andrew Simpson, 
 Ephraim Bigham, 
 Wm. E. Butler, 
 Frank Codding, 
 Gardner G. Cherrington, 
 
 John Ferril, .- 
 C. F. Kenney, 
 Thos. H. Mead, , 
 Edwin Moore, ; 
 Andrew Olson, - 
 John M. Ray, 
 Walter H. Vance, 
 Henry P. Brancher, 
 Robert S. Bell, 
 
 Albert Coyle, '-': 
 Chauncy Decker, 
 Nelson Fink, 
 J. A. Liggett, 
 Watson J. Martin, 
 W. Olson, 
 P. Sterling Olson, 
 Lorenzo T. Rogers. 
 
 COMPANY B (COLLEGE CITY GUARDS) 
 This company is located at Galesburg, and was organized on Sept. 24, 1878. 
 
 " ' Line Officers -v: v ^ 
 
 Capt. E. F. Phelps, ist Lieut. C. T. Wells, 2d Lieut. Fred L. Brooks. 
 
 N on-Commissioned Officers 
 1st Sergt. Frank D. Bel- 2d Sergt. Ed. R. Drake, 3d Siergt. Jas. E. Hamblin, 
 
 lows, 
 4th Sergt. Daniel S. Heck-5th Sergt. Fred H. Holmes, ' -.- - ' 
 
 :' er, 
 
 ist Corp. Geo. W. Man- 2d Corp. Lucius J. Phelps, 3d Corp. John A. Nelson, 
 
 ning, 
 
 4th Corp. Chas. P. Waste. 5th Corp. W. B. Barnes, 6th Corp. Geo. P. Worrell. 
 7th Corp. Frank W. Stil- 8th Corp. Frank T. Thulin, ;v ;u.<; ; \ : r, 
 
 son, '. , . :. '-'" ' -" - '''- '.:-\ \V--',v .'.'' 
 
 Musician 
 Gustave Werner 
 
 Privates 
 O. T. Duvon, 
 W. A. Heizer, 
 James B. Kingan, 
 Frank H. McMillen, 
 W. J. Melins, 
 R. W. Peterson, 
 J. C. Reese, 
 W. S. Wood, 
 G. Walilgreen, 
 E. H. Cushing, 
 
 Wm. C. Alden, 
 E. P. Chandler, Jr., 
 Wm. H. Gillette, 
 R. Jackson, 
 Chas. J. Munson, 
 E. W. Moulton, 
 J. M. Porter. . 
 J. E. Rodin, 
 Wm. W. Tompkins, 
 Wm. W. Brown, 
 
 H. E. Ewing, 
 John B. Johnson, 
 Alfred Laird, 
 Chas. W. Munson, 
 J. C. Olson, 
 Geo. W. Prince, 
 J. E. Snow, / 
 E. H. Welch, 
 Walter N. Boyer. 
 
 ; : . COMPANY C (STATIONED AT ALTONA) . .. 
 
 Line Officers 
 ' Capt. Chas. A. Smith, ist Lieut. James T. Starr, 2d Lieut. George B. Hall. 
 
:;;: -V; : ^ ; -; HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY . :. r;^:^;>- 369 
 
 Non-Commissioned Officers 
 
 ist Sergt. L. S. Whit- ad Sergt. T. J. Golliher, 3d Sergt. Cornelius Way- 
 comb, man, 
 4th Sergt. Harvey Austin, 5th Sergt. Wm. Krantz, ; ^^^i.--^^.^ :-- 
 1st Corp. Ed. Tengblade, 2d Corp. F. A. Whiting, 3d Corp. (vacant.) 
 4th Corp. John Beckman, 5th Corp. Frank W. 6th Corp. Henry Morti- ;. 
 7th Corp. And. Bergland, Bartle, men 
 
 8th Corp. Curtis C. Capps, :'; yf ';;;:;;.;,.: 
 
 .'-;- Musician ;; .. ''^v;-- V V"---^ '^.^^tV-v 
 
 v^]' Edward S. Thomas X:< ';^-'>V ;./>'/ 
 
 Privates ... .' :' 
 
 ; : : Chas. Arvidson, ^::'''''l Clarence M. Allis, c ^\'i Samuel M. Bowman, V V 
 
 V "John P. Bowman, ; : y- Alfred Beckman, ^v;;:' Jas. M. Burneson, 'r^ 
 
 : Joseph B. Copley, -; :, Dewitt C. Copley, '^; .;v Frank G. Carlson, :-; - 
 
 :r.f Leander Collinson, ;' ' .''^ Chester J. Chase, -;; ^^v Albert E. Ericson, -^/^ 
 
 y ; John M. Ferguson, : '. f^--!- Mart. Ferguson, :^' ':: Wm. G. Ferkins, ; ;,^ 
 
 K James Hakenson, :'.,-' Daniel Henderson, \;>r.::y: Lyons C. Hurd, vr::-;"^'/'- 
 .;i : John B. Johnson, ''^-- Jeflferson B. Keel, \:;:j.'V Frank S. Miller, '^''''/-^,^-\ 
 
 :>^ Chester F. Murray, Thos. McClure, /v'? John Olof Risburg, '.';: 
 
 '. .. Wm. F. Scott, ....._,;,:.. Jas. B. Thompson, Robert Patterson. ;{:-.. 
 
 -./-,' V,.:; .' MEMBERS OF BATTERY (LOCATED AT AI.TONA.) ' v;! . l\. 
 '^ :''. .iV :.:' '" ' ^ ^ Capt. Aaron Brown. ' '.-'' -vV'- 
 
 : : -" .'.,^': Section No. i Jack W. Farr, Gunner 6 Ib. guns. v^V-n^r ':- 
 
 Jesse T. Eaves, No. i, Wallace Smith, No. 4, Lemuel H. Smith, No. 7. . 
 
 ':;' Orin B. Preston, No. 2, Wm. H. Keys, No. 5, ;- : - .. : - .:; ;; .^- J 
 
 ^;'- E. B. Smith, No. 3, John A. Stuckey, No. 6. ^C; '.>.;;,.: ^ 
 
 :.;:. Section No. 2 Wm. M. Stockdale, Gunner 6 Ib. guns. -'^/f;. 
 
 ; . Peter G. Anderson, No. i, Jacob Borkhart, No. 4, Oscar Durant, No. 7> ;, ; 
 Harry Vanscoyk, No. 2, Chas. Austin, No. 5, . :- . 
 
 '.': Samuel Pawling, No. 3, Cornelius Wayman, No. 6. : -y -.^ ; ! ' -.^^: ';..: 
 
 BOUNTIES AND COUNTY AID TO SOLDIERS AND THEIR FAMILIES 
 DURING THE WAR OF THE REBELLION. 
 
 The annals of the human race furnish no instances of a more exalted patriot- 
 ism than was shown by both North and South during the struggle between the 
 spring of i86i and 1865. This struggle came as the climax to a heated contest, 
 nation wide, in and out of Congress. There were two quite distinct civilizations, 
 one in the South based on Slavery and one in the North based on Freedom. 
 The election of Abraham Lincoln as president of the United States in 1860 by 
 the party of freedom was understood throughout the South as a direct assault 
 
 Vol. 124 
 
370 HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY 
 
 upon their home life and one which, if not promptly resisted, would successfully 
 bear down all opposition. It was the storming and carrying their outposts and 
 first line of defenses. Ordinances of secession were promptly passed by eleven 
 states, a well equipped and carefully drilled army called into the field, and a 
 successful charge made upon the forts and other property of the government 
 situated in the South. This action was responded to by the government, backed 
 by the whole North, and four years' conflict ensued which for patriotism, mag- 
 nitude, devotion to principle, was never seen before. It is doubtful if money 
 ever played so important a part in war before. There was but little money in 
 the country at the start, but millions of it was created. | ;, '^-j 
 
 It is hoped that some view of what was done at home to maintain the man 
 in the field may be gained from the action of the board of supervisors. This 
 account, it must be remembered, represents only the money voted by the county. 
 In addition to this the state, cities, villages and townships voted liberal taxes to 
 carry on this war and individuals gave to the limit of their means. It is not the 
 intention to do more in this article than to consider the action of the board and 
 thereby give some idea of the taxation to which the people submitted for the 
 sake of principle. 
 
 -v; May Meeting, i86i. Report of committee on the question of aid to the fam- 
 ilies of soldiers. 
 
 The committee to whom was referred the proposition to aid the families of 
 volunteers report : The committee are of the opinion that the county should make 
 provision to secure from want the families of volunteers during their absence 
 on service. The committee recommend the passage of the following resolution: 
 
 Resolved, That the supervisor and assistant supervisor of each town be au- 
 thorized "to render such assistance as in his judgment may be needful to the 
 families of volunteers in actual service, and that for such advances and such 
 contracts as may be so made, the county will be responsible. ^ ^ ?. 
 
 On motion said resolution was adopted. :.; .,; . ' 
 
 September Meeting, i86i. Motion by Supervisor Copley in regard to sol- 
 diers. 
 
 Resolved, That the supervisors of the several towns in Knox county furnish 
 the names of all the volunteers in his town, together with the number of those 
 having families, and the number of individuals in each, and also report the name 
 of the company in which each volunteered, and that such report be made at the 
 January meeting of this board. 
 
 May Meeting, 1862. Report of committee in aid of families of soldiers. 
 
 Supervisor Hamrich, from committee on claims in aid of the families of vol- 
 unteers, reported, recommending the allowance of certain claims therewith pre- 
 sented, the payment of a percentage named on others, and the rejection of others, 
 as will appear more fully below, and also the following recommendation, to-wit: 
 
 We, your committee, to whom was referred the bill for the relief of the wives 
 and families of volunteers, report to the Honorable Board of Supervisors of 
 Knox County, that we have examined the bills presented by the several super- 
 visors, and have recommended the passing of orders for the foregoing amounts, 
 
:v^^^- ;:'::: ^-' HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY V " : -'v 371 
 
 ;:. ':-y,r '-.- .'"'-' '..;': ' ':',:.-;?-':v 
 
 and we further recommend that in future the appropriations for the said purpose 
 be suspended. ..-,' . i : 
 
 :. ,,.-.-.^.. ^ -.-^r^''' 'j'l.';':' '^^^:.'-:.'v: '.-': ;v-.^:.^-> .-:--:-; C.H.JACKSON, ?; 
 ''V''' ''.'';.-'' '..''.' ''^''';V'''-y,'';'^'-{'-/'*'\'!' ''-':''. ^''l'-^'.' ''''''':''']: J- G. HAMRICH,, / ^-i 
 ;/: ..'-'.>':'.-'': V''^"/ ./'^y.-i^r--^-'^'^-^-'- v':-'-'^'^''''-- '':' '''''''^'''' CALEB FiNCH, -";;- 
 '_'--v'-''' 'v/;'^;^^ ?'''vV'.V^.'-;/c.^ .';;^v.'^-'v ^;^; Committee, 
 
 ..: Which report was on motion accepted and the committee discharged. 
 
 ' Resolution of Supervisor Jackson in regard to aid of soldiers' families. 
 ' 'Resolved, That no assistance be hereafter rendered by the board of super- 
 visors to the wives and families of volunteers after the said volunteers shall have 
 been in the service of this state, or the United States, for the period of three 
 months, but that in lieu of such assistance the board recommend that each town- 
 ship take such action and make such provision for the assistance of said families 
 residing in such townships respectively as to them shall seem meet. 
 
 On which the yeas and nays were demanded, resulting: Yeas Messrs. Jack- 
 son, Robertson, Godfrey, Hamrick, Lotts and Wood 6. Xays Messrs. Meek, 
 McKinnie, Finch, Newell, Arms, LeBarron, Miles, McCornack, Buffum, Wilson, 
 Copley and Gibbs, 12. Resolution lost. 
 
 Resolution of Supervisor Jackson in regard to assisting the poor, which was 
 adopted. 
 
 Resolved, That this board particularly request and instruct the supervisors 
 of the respective townships to use the utmost diligence to prevent frauds, unnec- 
 essary expenditures, or improvident bills, such as sugar, tea, coffee, expensive 
 clothing, high rents or board bills, etc., etc., and to give relief only in cases of 
 absolute necessity, and to certify to all bills presented to this board for the relief 
 of the families of volunteers, and in future no bills be allowed for the aforesaid 
 purpose, except those so certified. 
 
 Resolutions of citizens of Knox county in regard to bounties to volunteers. 
 
 Jufy 3ist, 1862. Special meeting of board of supervisors. 
 
 The clerk then read petitions from the city councils of Knoxville and Gales- 
 burg for the appropriation by this board of a sum of money for bounty purposes, 
 to be paid to volunteers from this county, when 
 
 On motion of Supervisor Gale a committee of three were appointed to draft 
 and recommend some plan of action for the payment of bounty to volunteers in 
 accordance with the recommendation of said petitions. The chair appointed 
 Messrs. Gale, Arms and LeBarron said committee. 
 
 Resolved, By the people of Knox county, in mass meeting assembled: '' 
 ' That to encourage enlistments into the volunteer service, this Board of Su- 
 pervisors of Knox County, now in session at the court house, are hereby peti- 
 tioned and recommended to appropriate the sum of twenty-five thousand dollars 
 to be expended as bounty money to enlisted men from Knox county under the 
 recent call of the President, to be paid upon such volunteers being regularly mus- 
 tered into the service. 
 
 At a special meeting of the common council of the city of Knoxville, Knox 
 county, state of Illinois, on Tuesday evening, July 29th, 1862, on motion of 
 Alderman A. W. Martin, the following paper was unanimously adopted : 
 , In view of the recent call of the President for troops, and the evident ne- 
 
372 HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY j 
 
 cessity of getting a large number of men in the field at an early day, and consid- 
 ering the existence of the United States Government in peril, and that in the 
 absence of stable government there can be neither personal security, nor security 
 in the possession and enjoyment of property, and believing that the people are 
 fully alive to the necessities pressing on their government and that they are will- 
 ing to contribute any amount of means necessary to subdue the existing rebellion, 
 
 The mayor and common council of the city of Knoxville do respectfully re- 
 quest the Board of Supervisors of Knox County to appropriate a sum of money, 
 not less than twenty-five thousand dollars, to be expended in bounties to volun- 
 teers, and in the support of their families, in such manner as the board may deem 
 best. - ^- : .^. ;;.; ..;.,-.:-' ^A.- .-. 
 
 . : V JOHN G. SANBORN, City Clerk. 
 
 Office of the City Council, Galesburg, 111., July igth, 1862. 
 To the Honorable Board of Supervisors of Knox County, III. 
 '-'- Gentlemen : By direction of the board of aldermen of the city of Galesburg, 
 I have the honor of laying before you the following preamble and resolution, 
 passed unanimously by that body this day. . , . i . . ;: 
 
 Respectfully, 
 O" : : W. A. WOOD, City Clerk. 
 
 Whereas, At a meeting of the citizens of Galesburg, convened at Dunn's Hall, 
 on the evening of the I7th inst., to take into consideration the call of the Gov- 
 ernment for more troops to take the field immediately, at which meeting the fol- 
 lowing resolution was unanimously adopted, to-wit: 
 
 Resolved, That in the judgment of this meeting the city council should ap- 
 propriate a liberal bounty to each resident of the city who will volunteer for 
 three years of the war; and the council are requested to take the matter under 
 consideration as soon as practicable, and whereas the condition of the country 
 calls for immediate action to make the war efiFective, therefore, 
 
 Resolved, By the Board of Aldermen of the City of Galesburg: That they 
 recommend to the Board of Supervisors of Knox County to meet and appro- 
 priate the sum of twenty thousand dollars for war purposes, and that out of 
 that sum they offer as a bounty to each able-bodied man volunteering for three 
 years, or for the war, the sum of fifty dollars, to be paid to them when mus- 
 tered into the service. ' - '^- '; S . I \' : 
 
 (SEAL) W. A. WOOD, City Clerk. 
 
 Supervisor Gale, from the committee appointed to report a plan of action 
 for the board in accordance with the foregoing petitions and recommendations, 
 reix>rted the following resolutions : 
 
 Resolved, That the board of supervisors will pay to each of the first five hun- 
 dred soldiers enlisting for the war, enlisted in Knox county, for Knox county 
 companies, or to fill up old regiments, or who may have enlisted in any company 
 organizing or forming in this county, under the President's call for 300,000 men, 
 during the month of August next, a bounty of forty dollars, and an additional 
 bounty to as many of them as shall have enlisted before the i5th of said month, 
 of twenty dollars. 
 
 and. That a committee of three be appointed by the board, whose duty it 
 shall be to audit all claims for such bounty, and on presentation of suitable proof. 
 
;; HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY ;: 373 
 
 that such claimant has fulfilled the conditions, and been duly enlisted and re- 
 ceived, to issue suitable certificates, which shall entitle the bona fide holder 
 thereof to demand and receive at any future meeting of this board, within one 
 year from its date, a county order, and it shall be the duty of said committee 
 to file with the clerk of the county a statement of all certificates issued. 
 
 Which report, on motion of Supervisor Finch, was accepted and the com- 
 mittee discharged, and the adoption of the first resolution moved. 
 
 Supervisor Jackson moved to amend by inserting after the words "forming 
 in this county" the words "for a Knox county regiment," which amendment was 
 lost, and the question being on the adoption of the first resolution, the yeas and 
 nays were called, resulting: Yeas Messrs. McKinnie, Gale, Arms, LeBaron, 
 Hamrick, Miles, McCornack, Copley and Gibbs 9. Nays Messrs. Meek, Finch, 
 Jackson, Robertson, Godfrey, Lotts, Knable, Wood, Wilson and Chairman lo. 
 Rejected. > ' ' - - 
 
 : Supervisor LeBaron then oflFered the following as a substitute for the report 
 of the committee, which was accepted: 
 
 Whereas, The citizens of Knox county, in mass meeting assembled, have 
 passed a resolution requesting this board of supervisors to appropriate the sum 
 of $25,000 to be expended in additional bounties to volunteers, and thus secure 
 at the earliest day possible, the full quota of Knox county of the 300,000 men 
 called for by the President, to aid in suppressing the rebellion, and conquering 
 a peace and reunion of the states. And whereas similar petitions have been 
 received from the cities of Galesburg and Knoxville from their respective city 
 councils, and such recommendations meeting with our hearty approval, therefore, 
 
 Resolved, ist, That for the purpose of aiding in the enlistment of volunteers 
 for the United States service to be raised in the county of Knox, there be ap- 
 propriated a sum not exceeding twenty-five thousand dollars in this county, in 
 pursuance of an act entitled, "An act to encourage the formation of and equip- 
 ment of volunteer companies." Approved May 2nd, i86l. 
 
 2nd. That out of the sum so appropriated there shall be paid to each volunteer 
 of the first five hundred who shall enlist in such service on or before the isth 
 day of August, A. D. 1862, the sum of fifty dollars. The said sum shall be 
 payable to said volunteers when and as soon as they are legally mustered into 
 the service of the United States. The right of the party entitled to the above 
 named bounty shall be decided by the committee having charge of the aforesaid 
 appropriation, upon presentation to them of his certificate of enlistment, anc| 
 such other vouchers as may be required, provided that volunteers in any com- 
 panies now forming, or partly organized, shall be entitled to the same bounty; 
 and that the bounty hereby authorized shall only be paid to such volunteers as 
 have not received an equal or greater amount from any other source than the 
 United States as a bounty. And whenever any volunteer shall have received any 
 bounty from any other source than the United States, the amount so received, if 
 less than the amount hereby authorized, shall be considered as a part of the 
 bounty hereby authorized, such fact to be established under such regulations as 
 the committee may provide. 
 
 3rd. That a War Fund committee of the Board of Supervisors of Knox 
 County be appointed to disburse said appropriation, under such rules and regula- 
 
374 ' HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY 
 
 tions as shall be prescribed by said board. That the committee be authorized and 
 required to make the necessary arrangements with the volunteers enlisted under 
 this act, for the purpose of securing such portion of the pay of such volunteers 
 as they are willing to appropriate towards the support of their families. 
 
 4th. That all orders on the treasurer, under the authority of these resolutions, 
 shall be receivable for payment of the tax levied for this appropriation. 
 
 5th. That the committee hereby appointed be required to make the necessary 
 arrangements for the redemption at par of such county orders as may be issued 
 under these resolutions, and be authorized in the name of the county to borrow 
 the necessary sum of money, at a rate of interest not exceeding ten per cent. 
 \ 6th. That said committee be authorized to pay such bounty to such person 
 or persons only as have been or shall be enlisted at a recruiting office in this 
 county in answer to a call of the President of the United States for 300,000 
 troops, unless the committee having in charge this fund shall be able to make 
 an arrangement with the governor of this state, to have duly credited to this 
 county on said call such men as shall enlist to fill up companies previously or- 
 ganized in this county. 
 
 7th. That this board at its September meeting will levy a tax under the act 
 of the Legislature of the State of Illinois, entitled, "An act to encourage the 
 formation and equipment of volunteer companies." Approved May 2nd, i86i, 
 sufficient to meet all expenditures under the foregoing resolutions. 
 
 Supervisor Godfrey moved to amend the first resolution by inserting $i6,ooo 
 in place of $25,000. Lost. 
 
 Supervisor Godfrey moved to amend second resolution by inserting $40 for 
 bounty in place of $50. Lost. 
 
 Supervisor Copley moved to amend second resolution by inserting $60 for 
 bounty in lieu of $50, on which the yeas and nays were called, resulting Yeas 
 Messrs. Arms, LeBaron, Hamrick, Miles, McCornack, Copley and Gibbs 7. 
 
 Nays Messrs. Meek, McKinnie, Gale, Finch, Jackson, Godfrey, Lotts, 
 Knable, Woods and Wilson lO. Amendment rejected. 
 
 Supervisor Jackson moved to amend by adding the following to the second 
 resolution : 
 
 And that no further inducements or bounty shall be offered by this board or 
 aid furnished to the families, of those who shall volunteer under the present 
 requisition of the President, and receive the aforesaid bounty. 
 
 On which amendment the yeas and nays were called, resulting : Yeas Messrs. 
 Meek. McKinnie, Finch, Jackson, Robertson, Godfrey and Lotts 7. 
 
 Nays Messrs. Gale, Arms, LeBaron, Hamrick, Miles, McCornack, Knable, 
 Wood, Wilson, Copley and Gibbs ii. Lost. 
 
 When the question recurring upon the adoption of the substitute as introduced 
 it was unanimously adopted. 
 
 Supervisor LeBaron introduced the following resolutions, which were unani- 
 mously adopted, to-wit :.-:,;. .A : .: '",;-: 
 
 Resolved, That the county clerk is hereby authorized to procure a strongly 
 bound book and to inscribe therein the name of each volunteer into the United 
 States Army, from this county, for service during the present rebellion ; the town- 
 ship in which he resided, the company and regiment in which he was mustered 
 
' :^ ^ .it; V HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY ^ ; 376 
 
 into service, and his fate, whether discharged by expiration of service, on account 
 of sickness or wounds, and if killed, when and where. Which shall remain in 
 the office of the county clerk as a permanent record. 
 
 2nd. That the supervisor of each township is hereby authorized to collect, 
 through the school directors of his town, or otherwise, the information contem- 
 plated in the first resolution, and report the same to the county clerk prior to the 
 September meeting of the Board for 1862. 
 
 On motion of Supervisor Copley, the chairman and Messrs. LeBaron and 
 Arms were appointed War Fund committee under resolution number three. 
 
 Supervisor Miles offered the following resolution, which was adopted: 
 
 Resolved, That the Board of Supervisors of Knox county would recommend 
 that the various companies forming in Knox county, be organized in one regiment 
 if practicable. 
 
 ^;.:<^-:-: ;-;-^"'.^;, ;-;'/- ^('.:^ SEPTEMBER MEETING, l862 ':';':.'',? >-^ - 
 
 Resolved, That the board extend the appropriation, made at its last meeting 
 for volunteers for the service of the State of Illinois or for the United States, 
 to-wit : The sum of fifty dollars for each volunteer to all who may volunteer up 
 to and including the I5th inst., or have already volunteered undfer the last two 
 calls of the president of the United States, and who have not, or do not receive 
 the same amount of bounty from other sources aside from the bounty paid by the 
 state or the United States ; and that in case such volunteers shall receive any less 
 amount than the said fifty dollars that such deficiency be made up by Knox county 
 upon the production of the proper vouchers by the volunteer or his attorney, of 
 the amount he may have received from the said other sources. 
 
 -, REPORT OF WAR COMMITTEE, SEPTEMBER MEETING, l862. 
 
 Supervisor LeBaron from War Fund committee made the following report, 
 which was on motion accepted, and ordered to be spread upon the record. 
 
 . The War Fund committee appointed at the special meeting held July 3ist, 
 
 1862, report as follows: ^, -:v-'^ ^.^r-v;^. : ;./:.::;:, .. v / ;< v 
 
 In Capt. Gilson Co. ........'..... f^.V.^.!:.^ ............;. 85 I'y 
 
 ; ; In Capt. Jackson Co 21 -.'I,'. 
 
 ;/ ; /': In Capt. Reynolds Co 83 v/ 
 
 ' . ;:^ In Capt. Donleys Co i6 :, 
 
 ^:'; \ j' In Capt. King Co 72 
 
 f In Capt. Shinn Co 36 ;J 
 
 . .: ,' ;. In Capt. Hamrick Co 4 ." 
 
 -,' In Capt. Burkhalter Co 73 n = 
 
 >: In Capt. Hardin Co 46 'v' . 
 
 In Capt. Burdett Co 29 
 
 In Capt. Willsay Co 27 
 
 . Total 492 r 
 
376 HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY ' 
 
 Being all who enlisted up to the night of the sixth of August. Your committee 
 find the total number of enlistments in the county under the last calls to be about 
 eleven hundred men. We have as yet paid no bounty, having been unable to get 
 the muster rolls of the various companies until the present date. 
 
 The special business of the morning being the consideration of the resolution 
 of Supervisor Jackson extending the bounty to volunteers, offered yesterday, said 
 resolution was so modified by the mover as to restrict the bounty offered "To those 
 who shall enlist in Knox county companies, or who were or are residents of Knox 
 county, and who volunteer to fill up old regiments, specially excluding the three 
 months men." ;;::r :;.; .'.7,7' : j' ;"/' 
 
 Supervisor Newell offered the following substitute for the whole resolution of 
 Supervisor Jackson, to-wit: 
 
 Resolved, That this board extend the appropriation made at its last meeting, 
 for volunteers for the service of the State of Illinois, or for the United States, to- 
 wit, the sum of fifty dollars for each volunteer who is a resident of Knox county, 
 who has volunteered under the late two calls of the President of the United States 
 previous to the 8th inst., provided such volunteer has not received the said amount 
 from any other source aside from the bounty of the United States. 
 
 Supervisor Jackson moved to amend by inserting after the words "resident of 
 Knox county" the words "or who have volunteered in a Knox county company" 
 as defined in the resolution adopted at the last meeting of this board. Amendment 
 lost. 
 
 Supervisor Gale moved to amend by striking out all the resolution after and 
 including the word "provided" and inserting "And that the bounty hereby author-- 
 ized shall only be paid to such volunteers as have not received an equal or greater 
 amount from any other source than the United States as a bounty, and whenever 
 any volunteer shall have received any bounty from any other source than the 
 United States, the amount so received, if less than the amount hereby authorized, 
 shall be considered as a part of the bounty hereby authorized, such fact to be 
 established under such regulations as the committee may provide." Which 
 amendment was concurred in. 
 
 Supervisor Gale further moved to amend by inserting after the "8th inst." the 
 words "or who have volunteered into old regiments since the first of said calls 
 was made." Which was agreed to. 
 
 Supervisor Buffum moved to substitute I5th inst. in place of 8th inst. in the 
 resolution, which was agreed to by the following vote: Yeas Messrs. Meek, 
 Finch, Jackson, LeBaron, Potter, Lotts, Miles, Buffum, Knable, Wood, Wilson, . 
 Copley and Gibbs 13. Nays Messrs. Gale, Robertson, Newell, Godfrey and 
 McCornack 5. 
 
 The question being on the adoption of the resolution as amended, the same ; 
 was unanimously adopted, and as amended reads as follows: 
 
 Resolved, That this board extend the appropriation made at its last meeting \ 
 for volunteers for the service of the State of Illinois or for the United States, 
 to-wit: The sum of fifty dollars for each volunteer who is a resident of Knox . 
 county, who has volunteered under the late two calls of the President of the ^ 
 United States previous to the i5th inst., or who has volunteered into old regiments 
 since the first of said calls was made, and that the bounty hereby authorized shall 
 
. l-':^:^:^^' :.' HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY v; " 377 
 
 only be paid to such volunteers as have not received an equal or greater amount 
 from any other source than the United States as a bounty. And whenever any 
 volunteer shall have received any bounty from any other source than the United 
 States, the amount so received shall be considered as a part of the bounty hereby 
 authorized, such fact to be established under such regulations as the committee 
 may provide. ^ ^ .. . -. . ,.^.- .-; / -.; 
 
 On motion of Supervisor Gale, it was 
 
 Ordered, That the War Fund committee appointed at the special meeting of 
 this board be continued with authority to act fully under the foregoing resolution, 
 and that said committee be requested to report at its earliest convenience the best 
 plan to be pursued in raising the money to pay the bounties appropriated thereby. 
 
 Resolution by War committee to borrow money, by Supervisor Copley. 
 
 Resolved, That the War Fund committee be authorized to borrow such sums 
 of money on the credit of the county for the terms of two and three years, at a 
 rate of interest not exceeding ten per cent per annum as shall be sufficient to pay 
 all the bounties to volunteers that are entitled to bounties by the act of this board 
 of supervisors at their annual meeting held September term, A. D. 1862, and we 
 hereby pledge the faith of the county for the redemption of all obligation entered 
 into by said committee in pursuance of this resolution. 
 
 January Meeting, 1863. Supervisor Gale offered the following resolution, 
 which was adopted : 
 
 Resolved, That the supervisors of the respective towns be authorized in extreme 
 cases to extend aid to the families of soldiers who have received the $50 bounty. 
 
 The following report of the War Fund committee was presented to the board : 
 
 To the Board of Supervisors of Knox County: 
 
 The undersigned War Fund committee, appointed by your honorable body, 
 would respectfully report: That by the authority granted us at the July special 
 meeting of the board, we borrowed on the credit of the county, for the purpose 
 of paying bounty to the first 500 volunteers in this county, under the president's 
 
 first call for 300,000 men, the sum of $24,900 
 
 And under the extended authority given at the September meeting, for 
 
 the purpose of paying bounty to additional volunteers required by the '' 
 
 second call of the president for 300,000 men, we borrowed the further 
 
 sum of 33-710 
 
 \/^ Making a total sum of ....................................... $58,610 
 
 ; ; Bal. Ford ........................................................ $58,610 
 
 - We have paid bounties to volunteers as follows, through the several bank- 
 
 ers with whom we deposited, to-wit: . -. . --. 
 
 Through C. Runkle & Co ................... ^',.'.'.\'.',',. ...... $21,600 ^v^'vlv : 
 
 Through A. D. Reed ...................................... 10,300 -''^>^^!^i-f. 
 
 \(, Through J. F. Dunn & Co ................................. 23,125 v''^/ 
 
 By certificate of indebtedness issued in payment of bounties ---- 700 
 
 : 
 
 There yet remains unexpended of the fund, on deposit at Reed's 
 5 : Bank ................................................ 400 
 
 
 
378 , ; HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY ;. ;: -, i- 
 
 At Runkle's Bank llO 
 
 At Dunn's Bank 2,375 
 
 ^ :: . - ,- ....:. -..-.. ..--.:..;-. 2,885 
 
 Total amount paid out and on deposit $58,610 
 
 The amount on deposit is subject to the payment of seven outstanding checks, 
 
 amounting in the aggr^ate to $ 400 
 
 Leaving a balance, after paying outstanding checks of 2485 
 
 -'; '^V.';-V''' ' SUMMARY '.,..;, '^v;'.:. :^^'.v^'^'''--', : 
 
 IVar Fund Committee in account ivith War Fund, Dr. 
 
 To amount of loans and certificates $58,610 
 
 Cr. 
 
 By 1 122 bounties paid, each $50 $56,100 
 
 By I bounty ($25 paid elsewhere) 25 
 
 By balance in banks after paying outstanding checks 2,485 
 
 $58,610 
 
 Your committee would further report, that an examination of the bounty rolls 
 show that without doubt there is bounty yet due and unpaid to 36 volunteers, the 
 payment of which will require $i,8oo and that eight others claim the bounty, but 
 who have not made satisfactory proof that they are entitled thereto; if proof is 
 made they will require $400. Leaving still a balance in the hands of the committee 
 with which to pay bounty to parties who may prove themselves entitled thereto, 
 under the action of the board, the sum of $285. / X"' .:^- '-''-;';. 
 ,;::>:.:.:. Respectfully submitted, -//v'^? .';''' 
 
 '.' ':/. :'^''- 7 . . ... C. ARMS, '^.'''-^'.. 
 
 : : ' '-I WM. B. LEBARON, "" 
 
 .- <7^.'. ; Committee. 
 
 May Meeting, 1863. Supervisor Holyoke moved that a committee of three be 
 appointed to examine and report on all claims presented for support rendered to 
 families of volunteers. Adopted. 
 
 The committee on relief to the families of volunteers reported claims aggregat- 
 ing $1,816.96, and recommended the payment of same which was adopted. 
 
 September Meeting, 1863. The committee on relief to the families of volun-;. 
 teers reported claims aggregating $1,735.19. 
 
 Mr. Holyoke, from the War Fund committee made a report which on motion of 
 Mr. Matthews was accepted and adopted. 
 To the War Fund Committee of the Board of Supervisors of Knox County. '.-. j.: 
 
 GENTLEMEN: As your agent in the transaction of the business of your com- 
 mittee, I would respectfully report the conditions of the funds of the committee : 
 
 The loan of Aug. i5th, 1862, under order passed at the special meeting of the 
 
 board, July 3ist, 1862, amounted in the aggregate to f $24,900 
 
 Interest on same one year at lO per cent 2,490 
 
 : Making .:..... .''. '..'. . . . . 1 .^ . . ;. . i : . 1 . . . : .$27,390^ 
 
):> 6; ^vW^v;;^ HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY : :^}.;v; 379 
 
 ''--.-'-'';'; ''^''- -''^...--'''^':' -;;-''':? 
 
 By treasurer's report, rendered Sept. I4th, 1863, I find that the 
 
 amount of principal paid thereon is $19,500 
 
 Amount of interest paid if95o 
 
 ';:. ;::_:,;::-/': ;;,;:';-; .:::':-:;v;;-^';-^^-^'vV.. .^:;. ?.;:.>'. 21450 
 
 Leaving unpaid and not called for $ 5,940 
 
 The total amount of loans made Oct. ist, 1862, under authority of the 
 
 board of supervisors, passed at the September meeting, 1862, is $33,710; :. 
 
 on which on the first day of October next, interest will be due amounting 
 
 to 3,371 
 
 Making a total of ...'...'. .1 ,$ 9,311 
 
 The total net revenue collected from the war fund tax of 1862 was. .$28,938.70 
 Out of which has been paid for principal and interest. . . .$21,450.00 
 
 Commissions on $28,938.70 received 289.38 ./ . 
 
 Commissions on $21,450 paid out 214.50 
 
 $21,953-88 
 
 Leaving on hand $ 6,984.82 
 
 Deficiency for payment of prindpal and interest, ........... ... . . .$ 2,326.18 
 
 Total amount of loans negotiated $58,610.00 
 
 On which I have paid as your agent .',';;' " S '>''- 
 
 On bounty orders to soldiers $57j375-OO -;':-;'' -^.-: 
 
 -To treasurer under order of board 1,235.00 ': . 
 
 /'.:;:;:, 58,610.00 "^V:;-.^v-:-v;i 
 
 And the treasurer has paid out of said fund. . $ 1,235.00 
 
 '^ Treasurer commissions for receiving $1,235.00 12.35 ./ 
 
 3 bounty orders 150.00 ,. f^ 
 
 His commission ,... 1.50 
 
 ,:;-;:. :?^. ;::;;: v>^;^''''^;;;^^P 163.85 
 
 Leaving a balance of $ 1,071.15 
 
 :' Or a deficiency in the War Fund of $ 1,255.03 
 
 ;';-:';y-. -^^ ''''^'''^''''::'^-"V.- '^v^^:''-'^-..;..v.'^V-r^^:'-- JOHN S. WINTER, Agent, 
 
 i Accepted: ^i ;'?:'.' :V/i^'^:^' '/'/';'?';; H.<'- ' " ;.--vc .; 
 
 J. M. HoLYOKE, :v /^^^'t---'V.' '''.'^':r'''-<:--' -^^Vo:'' ' - ';.;-':,...::' 
 C. ARMS, V-V', /:.''"-' '--.':' -.v/^'?'''- ,;:;:..' ^-".; ;./:''/'-' 
 
 ; W. B. LEBARON. : -- ' - 
 
 ': ;, The payment of bills for the maintenance of soldiers' families seems to have 
 become burdensome in the estimation of certain members of the board as shown 
 by the following resolution introduced by Supervisor Nelson at the same meeting. 
 Resolved, By the Board of Supervisors of Knox County, that from and 
 after the September meeting of said board. 1863, each town of said county 
 provide for the maintenance of the families whose husbands or sons are engaged 
 
380 . HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY 
 
 , in the United States military service ; and from then that the supervision of 
 . such families be under the direction of the supervisor of such town, where such 
 family or families reside; and further that such claims shall be presented for 
 adjustment before the board of town auditors, at their respective sittings. 
 
 Mr. Matthews moved to lay the resolution on the table. Carried. Yeas 
 Messrs. Meek, Lourie, Matthews, Finch, Newell, Newman, Arms, Holyoke, Pot- 
 , ter, Lacey, Miles, Balthis, Phelps, Copley and Gibbs 15. Nays Messrs. Nelson, 
 Deatherage, Stuckey, Wood and Shaffer 5. 
 
 The bounties for the enlistment of soldiers seemed quite troublesome at times 
 and led men into positions that they would think it unjust to be charged 
 with in private matters. The following action of the board at the same meeting 
 shows how men will sometimes relieve themselves of responsibilities which they 
 ought manfully to assume. 
 
 Mr. Potter offered the following preamble and resolution: - ' I .: - 
 
 Whereas, Cary Combs, Wm. H. H. Harshbarger, Milo Harlin, Francis Phil- 
 . lippi are now in the army of the United States faithfully discharging their 
 duties in sustaining our government, and. Whereas, said soldiers enlisted under the 
 solemn promise from the officers by whom they were enlisted, that they should 
 receive the same bounty as men who were residents of Knox county, and that 
 said promises were made in good faith and so accepted by said volunteers, and 
 whereas said volunteers are residents of Fulton county, in the State of Illinois, 
 
 and said county having refused to pay any bounty to her soldiers, except to such 
 soldiers as were heads of families, and that such volunteers are unmarried, and 
 therefore have received no bounty from any source, therefore -; 1 :'':..:: 
 
 Resolved, That said volunteers be paid the sum of fifty dollars each from 
 the bounty fund of Knox county, and that the proper committee are hereby author- 
 ized to pay the same upon proper evidence being presented. 
 
 Mr. Nelson moved that said resolution be laid under the table. Lost. Yeas 
 ' Messrs. Meek, Lourie, Nelson, Deatherage, Lacey and Shaffer 6. Nays 
 Messrs. Matthews, Finch, Newell, Newman, Arms, Holyoke, Potter, Miles, Bal- 
 this, Stuckey, Phelps, Copley and Gibbs 13. 
 
 Mr. Deatherage then moved that said resolution be laid upon the table. Lost. 
 Yeas Messrs. Meek, Lourie, Nelson, Deatherage, Newman, Arms, Lacey and 
 , Shaffer 8. Nays Messrs. Matthews, Finch, Newell, Holyoke, Potter, Miles, 
 Balthis, Stuckey, Phelps, Wood, Copley and Gibbs 12. 
 
 The question being upon the adoption of the resolution it was negatived. 
 Yeas Mr. Potter. Nays Messrs. Meek, Lourie, Matthews, Finch, Nelson, 
 .. Deatherage, Newell, Newman, Arms, Holyoke, Lacey, Miles, Balthis, Stuckey, 
 Phelps, Wood, Shaffer, Copley and Gibbs 19. 
 
 The committee on aid to soldiers' families reported to the January, 1864, 
 meeting of the board bills created in aid of soldiers' families aggregating over 
 
 $3.300 which were allowed and paid, '-i ' / ' 'y|^-!.-v : 
 
 May Meeting, 1864. Supervisor Holyoke moved that a committee of three 
 be appointed to audit claims for the support of wives and families of volunteers, 
 which was adopted. Supervisor Potter offered the following resolution : 
 
 Resolved, That all disabled soldiers, from any cause, be assisted in the same 
 
> 1. HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY ^: ' 381 
 
 manner and under the same regulations as aid is rendered to the families of 
 volunteers for the next nine months. 
 
 To which resolution Mr. Stewart offered the following amendment: 
 
 Resolved, That we understand the resolution passed at the May meeting, i86i, 
 embrace the case of families of deceased and discharged soldiers, if their families 
 are actually in need of assistance. 
 
 After some discussion Mr. Potter withdrew his resolution. ' 
 
 Supervisor Stewart offered the following resolution which was unanimously 
 adopted: v ; 
 
 Resolved, That the County of Knox will pay a bounty of twenty-five dollars 
 to each volunteer accepted in the one hundred days' service under the call of the 
 governor of this state. 
 
 Supervisor Stewart moved that a committee of three be appointed to prepare 
 a resolution in regard to payment of bounty to volunteers and all matters in rela- 
 tion thereto, on which motion the yeas and nays were demanded, resulting: 
 Yeas Messrs. Stewart, Arms, Holyoke, Potter, Pickrell, Stuckey and Gibbs 7. 
 Nays Messrs, Meek, Lowrie, Nelson, Heflin, Newell, Hagey, LeBaron, McCor- 
 nack, Nicholson, Shaffer and Lyons. r^'; 
 
 Supervisor Potter offered the following resolution: 
 
 Resolved, That Knox county will pay a bounty of twenty-five dollars to each 
 accepted recruit in the one hundred days' call by the governor of the state, for the 
 first three hundred who shall enlist prior to the 22nd day of this month, provided 
 such recruit shall be actually mustered into the service, said bounty to be paid 
 upon the same vouchers as have been heretofore required, and as soon as said 
 vouchers are presented. 
 
 On which resolution the yeas and nays were called, and adopted by the follow- 
 ing vote: Yeas Messrs. Lowrie, Finch, Stewart, Hagey, Arms, Holyoke, Pot- 
 ter, Pickrell, Miles, McCornack, Stuckey, Lyons and Gibbs 13. Nays Messrs. 
 Meek, Nelson, Heflin, Newell, LeBaron, Knable, Nicholson and Shaffer 9. 
 
 The committee on claims for aid rendered soldiers reported, which on motion 
 of Supervisor Finch was accepted and adopted, and the clerk directed to issue 
 orders in accordance with the report of said committee. .'' /.- .'. 
 
 The undersigned committee on claims of supervisors for aid furnished the 
 families of volunteers have investigated the several claims presented as thorough- 
 ly as time and circumstances permitted and recommend the allowance of all 
 claims enumerated in the following schedule, and that orders issue in favor of the 
 persons, and for the several amounts so enumerated. The claims as audited 
 amount to $5.326.99. An aggregate seemingly large, but considering the large 
 number of volunteers sent from the county, the high price of all articles of fam- 
 ily subsistence, your committee are satisfied the supervisors have in general acted 
 as economically as the people of the county expect or desire. 
 
 Special Meeting, Aug. 22nd, 1864. The clerk of the board made a statement 
 of the quotas of Knox county as near as can be ascertained under the president's 
 call for 500,000 more men. 
 
 Supervisor Stewart moved that a committee of three be appointed to recom- 
 mend some course of action to be adopted by the board to fill the deficiency of 
 Knox county under the call and to recommend some course to be adopted to 
 
382 . HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY 
 
 ascertain the exact condition of the county in regard the several calls for men. 
 Adopted. The chair appointed Messrs. Stewart, Potter and LeBaron said com- 
 mittee. 
 
 Supervisor Stewart, from committee, made the following report: 
 
 Your committee beg leave to report that in our opinion the proper way to 
 ascertain the number of men to be credited to this county, would be to have each 
 supervisor ascertain as far as possible the number of enlistments from his town- 
 ship, and report the result of his investigation to the county clerk by the 25th 
 inst. ; and that a committee be appointed to proceed at once to Springfield and 
 have the proper credits placed to the township and county. The said committee 
 to report to an adjourned meeting of this board of supervisors. 
 
 On motion of Supervisor Holyoke said report was accepted and adopted. 
 ' Supervisor Finch offered the following resolution : 
 
 Resolved, That this board of supervisors will pay a bounty of fifty dollars 
 to any citizen of Knox county enlisted for one year, and mustered into the 
 service of the United States, after the date of this meeting to a sufficient number 
 to fill any deficiency which may hereafter be found to exist in the quota of Knox 
 county, under the present call for 500,000 more men. 
 
 Which resolution, after some discussion, was withdrawn. I.- . . 
 
 The committee appointed at the special meeting of this board to visit Spring- 
 field, reported through the county clerk that they had visited Springfield, and 
 that the deficiency of Knox county as reported at its last meeting had been reduced 
 and that the county on its entire quota had an excess of thirty-nine men; that 
 according to the statement received from the Provost Marshal's office, the excess 
 of the several towns which had furnished a surplus of men amounted to 183, and 
 that the towns deficient were behind 144 men ; by which it appeared that the 
 county was in the aggregate 39 men in excess. 
 
 The report of the committee was on motion approved, and the committee 
 discharged. ' -:-.;'-;:->.;"';.; 
 
 On motion of Supervisor Potter it was voted that a committee be appointed 
 to continue the investigation in regard to where the several volunteers from the 
 different towns in the County of Knox have been credited; and that the com- 
 mittee have power to appoint such persons as they may deem necessary to assist 
 them in their investigation ; and further that the county clerk prepare and pro- 
 cure to be printed for the use of said committee, full rolls of all men enlisted 
 in Knox County from the commencement of the war, furnishing to each super- 
 visor a full statement of enlistment in each town and the published lists of the 
 entire county. .' ; .:'":'' - ': \ 
 
 September Meeting, 1864. Report of committee in aid of soldiers' families. 
 
 Supervisor Matthews, from committee on aid rendered soldiers' families, 
 reported that said committee had examined all bills presented and recomm^ded 
 the payment of bills amounting to $6,831.84. ' - 
 
 Which report was adopted. .. -y . 
 
 Supervisor Holyoke, from War Fund committee, made the following report,' 
 which on motion of Supervisor Stewart was accepted and approved. 
 
 The undersigned War Fund committee respectfully report, that since the last 
 
 :> -.T 
 
HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY 383 
 
 regular meeting of the board, bounty has been paid out of the county treasury as 
 follows : 
 
 To three enlisted men claiming under the first resolution of the board author- 
 izing bounty, the sum of $50 each $150 
 
 ;^ To 312 men enlisted for loo days' service under the order of the board at 
 its May meeting at $25 each $7,800 
 
 It will be seen that the committee have exceeded the authority conferred 
 by the resolution of the board, which limited the number to be paid to three 
 hundred. The committee commenced paying under the impression that the whole 
 number enlisted would be less than 300; which was the number intended to be 
 paid. But on proceeding with the payments, your committee soon found the 
 number enlisted somewhat exceeded the number authorized to be paid, and as a 
 portion of the payments had already been made, we could find no proper line of 
 discrimination. Your committee therefore concluded to assume the responsi- 
 bility of paying the whole, and trust to the future action of the board for relief. 
 The whole number enlisted under that resolution will not probably exceed 325, 
 leaving the number of twenty-five to be provided for by this meeting. Your com- 
 mittee can see no good reason for making a discrimination among those volun- 
 teers in regard to bounty. They came promptly forward under the governor's 
 call, and having equally assisted in establishing the honor of Knox county as being 
 the only county in the state, except Kane, which has furnished the full number 
 called for, it seems to your committee that they should all be equally entitled to 
 
 pay. ::;.v..;'^V; ^.''- V ;:\.-;-.:;:.-:i-^ 
 
 .. ...A,VV ''':;;"''''.''; -''"-^V'^-X: ".;..'. ^^; J- ^- HOLYOKE, ... :::.^. , 'V 
 
 ./;'>^; ':;:/ :\:.;\';-^-;-; :X>J^:^^^^:>^ - WM. B. LEBARON, '''' '"^'^: '''''' 
 
 ,^..y'\^V- ';._.. ;.-,:,.:>:;.:;;..-:''.. v :';.' v..;:- s^; c. ARMS, 
 
 v;-/- ;..''^;;,\. ^ :':' >'-;;.. :-':'.:' Committee. 
 
 September Special Meeting, 1864. Mr. Arms offered the following resolution : 
 
 Resolved, That a bounty of fifty dollars be paid by this board to each drafted 
 man, under the present call of the president, mustered into the United States 
 service, whose family may be in needy circumstances, said bounty to be paid 
 to the respective families of such drafted men in such articles as they may need, 
 by the supervisor of the town where they reside. . . 
 
 Mr. Knable moved to substitute the following : 
 
 Resolved, That the County of Knox will pay $ioo to each man drafted to fill 
 the quota of the several towns of said county under the present call, to be paid 
 when proper evidence is presented of his having been mustered into the service 
 of the United States. 
 
 On which substitute the yeas and nays were called, resulting: Yeas Messrs. 
 Holyoke, LeBaron, Knable, Lyons, Gibbs and Chairman 6. Nays Messrs. 
 Meek, Lowrie, Heflin, Newell, Heagy, Arms and McComack 7. Lost. 
 
 The question recurring on resolution of Mr. Arms, the same was adopted. 
 
 On motion of Supervisor Holyoke, it was 
 
 looted, That the resolution of May I4th, i86i, in regard to aid rendered to 
 families of volunteers, be extended and apply to the families of drafted men. 
 
 January Meeting, 1865. Supervisor Arms offered the following resolution, 
 which was adopted: .... .,. ... 
 
384 ..' HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY vv:|.;lv 
 
 Resolved, That our senator and representative in the general assembly of this 
 state, be requested to use every effort to procure the passage of a law at this ses- 
 sion of the state legislature giving to every volunteer who may be credited to the 
 quota of this state, under this or any succeeding draft, the sum of three hundred 
 dollars, as a state bounty. 
 
 Further action taken to furnish the quota of Knox county in the additional 
 call of the government for troops. ; ,1.-. . ' v: ^ '1^ ;^ .r 
 
 Supervisor Gray offered the following resolution: 
 
 Resolved, That Knox county will pay a bounty of two hundred dollars to 
 each acceptable volunteer, who shall, on or before the 1 5th day of February next, 
 enlist in the service of the United States to serve one year, said bounty to be 
 paid on the certificate of the Provost Marshal of this district, that such volunteer 
 is mustered into the service of the United States to serve one year; and that 
 such volunteer is credited on the quota for volunteers from Knox county. All 
 volunteers so paid shall be apportioned to the several townships according to the 
 existing enrollment. > ; ^:: ^ -- ' '.'.' -^ ) .- v ' C 
 
 For which resolution Mr. LeBaron offered the following substitute: A ; 
 Whereas, The president has issued a call for 300,000 men, and a draft has 
 
 been ordered to take place on the I5th day of February next, for the purpose of 
 filling said call, therefore 
 
 Resolved, That Knox county will pay a bounty of three hundred dollars for 
 each acceptable recruit, to make up the deficiency of any town in Knox county, 
 to be paid on the certificate of the Provost Marshal of the 5th district, that said 
 recruit is accepted and duly credited to some town in this county. 
 
 : Resolved, That any town in said county who may have or shall furnish any 
 recruit by town authority or association, to fill deficiency of said town, such town 
 shall be entitled from the county treasury to the sum of three hundred dollars, 
 bounty for each recruit so furnished. 
 
 When the yeas and nays were called on accepting of said substitute, it was 
 decided in the affirmative by the following vote: Yeas Messrs. Meek, Lowrie, 
 Stewart, Nelson, Heflin, Newell, Heagy, Arms, Gray, LeBaron, Pickrell, Miles, 
 McCornack, Knable, Shaffer, Lynes and Gibbs 17. Nays None. Absent 3. 
 Excused I. Substitute accepted. 
 
 The committee on aid to the families of soldiers in the army of the United 
 States made the following report: / . . I , : .o 
 
 Mr. Lowry, from committee to audit bills for aid rendered to the families of 
 soldiers, presented the following report, which was on motion accepted, and 
 adopted, and the clerk directed to issue orders to the several parties named for 
 the amount so found due them. .;-.:: 
 
 Your committee to whom were referred the claims presented for the support 
 of soldiers' families would respectfully report: 
 
 That they have examined said bills and recommend the following be allowed, 
 and orders issued in payment to the several persons as indicated, making a grand 
 total of $12,390.13. " : :^:; '</.?; 
 
 Your committee would remark in conclusion that the amount allowed seems 
 too large; and that it has come to the knowledge of the committee that there 
 are some soldiers' widows in the county who are drawing their support, whose 
 
rr--^:.:;-':;^'^^., HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY ' 385 
 
 husbands have been killed in the army and who have received their bounties, 
 and are now drawing their pensions from the government, and your committee 
 would recommend that in such cases further assistance be withheld by the super- 
 visors. ' , 
 
 Mr. Arms offered a resolution in regard to the raising of funds, payment of 
 bounties and the manner of paying the same. This resolution was amended and 
 finally passed unanimously and reads as follows: 
 
 Resolved, That a committee of three be appointed who shall be authorized 
 to negotiate a loan for the terms of one, two and three years, in sufficient amount 
 to pay the bounties to soldiers voted at this meeting, said committee to be fully 
 authorized to issue such certificate, or bonds, as may be necessary to secure the 
 same, and this committee shall be known as the Knox County Bounty Fund 
 Committee. :'> 
 
 Resolved, That it shall be the duty of the treasurer of Knox county on the 
 presentation of the certificate of the Provost Marshal, as required by the action 
 of this board, providing for bounties, to pay the bounty out of the fund provided 
 by the bounty fund committee. And it shall be the duty of the treasurer to provide 
 a suitable book in which he shall record the name of the recruit certified to by 
 the Provost Marshal, with date of payment and to whom paid. Provided, that 
 if any recruit shall elect to let his bounty remain in the treasury of Knox county, 
 said certificate shall draw interest from date of presentation at the rate of seven- 
 thirty per cent, per annum, and the treasurer shall make the necessary acceptance 
 on the back of said certificate, and also register the same opposite the name of 
 said recruits in his book of recruits. 
 
 On motion the bpacd appointed Messrs. Rufus W. Miles, Cephas Arms and 
 Wm. B. LeBaron Bounty Fund committee of Knox county. 
 
 Pursuant to notice authorized by the seven members of the board of super- 
 visors, said board met in special meeting Jan. 27th, 1865, at the court house in the 
 City of Knoxville for the purpose of furthering the question of bounties to 
 soldiers. 
 
 Supervisor Matthews offered the following resolution: - ." 
 
 Resolved, That the resolution adopted at the regular meeting in January 
 instant, be so amended as to include in its offer of bounty, drafted men who 
 have contributed to draft associations, as well as to volunteers. Lost. Yeas 
 Messrs. Matthews, Stewart, Nelson and Heflin 4. Nays Messrs. Meek, 
 Newell, Arms, Gray, LeBaron, Potter, Pickrell, McCornack, Knable, Nicholson, 
 Shaffer, Lynes and Gibbs 13. Absent ^3. 
 
 Mr. Stewart offered the following resolution, and thereon moved the previous 
 question. 
 
 Resolved, That the soldiers now in the field, or those who may hereafter 
 volunteer, the widows of deceased soldiers, and widows who have sons now 
 in the army, or who may hereafter volunteer from the County of Knox, shall 
 be exempt from the payment of the bounty tax levied, or to be levied, to pay the 
 bounty authorized by the board of supervisors at the regular January meeting of 
 this board. 
 
 The question being, shall the main question be put, the yeas and nays were 
 called, resulting in the negative : Yeas Messrs. Matthews, Stewart, Hefiin and 
 
 VoL 126 
 
HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY 
 
 
 
 Lynes 4. Nays Messrs. Meek, Newell, Arms, Gray, LeBaron, Potter, Pick- 
 rel, McComack, Knable, Nicholson, Shaffer and Gibbs 12. Absent 4. . .. . . 
 
 Supervisor LeBaron moved to amend said resolution by adding : 
 
 Provided it does not conflict with the constitution and laws of the State of 
 Illinois. ' : . ! : - 
 
 Which amendment was carried, and the resolution, as amended, unanimously 
 adopted. , . 
 
 Mr. Arms offered the following resolution, which was adopted: 
 
 Resolved, That the board hereby endorse the action of the Bounty Fund com- 
 mittee in advertising for money to pay bounties, and order that taxes be levied 
 for the payment of such sums of money as may be needed to pay bounties, under 
 resolutions passed January nth, A. D. 1865, and that said taxes be levied, during 
 the years 1865, 1866 and 1867 at such rates as will produce the necessary amount 
 of money to pay indebtedness of each year respectively, and interest accruing 
 thereon from time to time. . - . ; :v;.. ;: } v::.X: 
 
 Mr. LeBaron then offered the following: 
 
 Resolved, That our senator and representative in the general assembly be 
 requested to procure the passage of a bill legalizing the acts of the Board of 
 Supervisors of Knox County, at their meetings January nth and 27th, A. D. 1865, 
 for paying bounties, and authorizing said county to issue bonds, and levy taxes for 
 the payment thereof. 
 
 When Mr. Potter offered the following as a substitute therefor, which was 
 accepted. ,r.-^- :. ' " . . !- .' k.-^/- 
 
 Resolved, That a committee of three be appointed by the chair, whose duty it 
 shall be to prepare a bill to be presented to the legislature of Illinois, legalizing 
 the action of this board in levying a tax for the payment of county bounties, as 
 contemplated by the resolution adopted at our January meeting, 1865, and procure 
 the passage of the same. 1- / -:- v ;'/'-; V :..'?. '^^."? T/; 'T ; . : 
 
 Which resolution was unanimously adopted. 
 
 The chairman appointed Messrs. Potter, Arms and Gray committee provided 
 for by resolution of Mr. Potter. 
 
 On motion of Supervisor Matthews, it was ordered that the time for the 
 reception of bids for bounty loan be extended until the loth day of February next, 
 and that bids therefor remain unopened until that day. 
 
 The struggle of the board of supervisors to raise money to fill the quota of 
 soldiers apportioned to Knox county was again manifested at another special 
 meeting held Monday, February 27, 1865. :'- . ' I; ;:.;'.. 
 
 At the request of the Bounty Fund committee the clerk stated the condition 
 of the loan authorized at the January meeting of the board, from which it ap- 
 peared that but a small portion of the loan had been taken, and that from that 
 source the necessary funds to pay bounties allowed at the January meeting could 
 not be obtained. . '.M, ir ":.;>' . 
 
 Mr. Potter, from committee appointed at the January special meeting of the 
 board, to draft a bill authorizing the (Bounty of Knox to issue bonds for the 
 purpose of procuring money to pay bounties to volunteers, and to procure the 
 passage of the same by the legislature, then in session, reported: That in com- 
 pliance with the resolution of the board, he had prepared such a bill and had been 
 
;/',:V^{ ;,'; :>:?\ HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY ;.:;c^;>; 387 
 
 to Springfield to procure its passage ; that when said bill was presented, opposi- 
 tion was made to its passage by citizens of this county, through their influence 
 the bill was defeated, and the authority to issue bonds withheld. 
 
 On motion of Mr. Gray the report was accepted. 
 ;: !Mr. LeBaron offered the following preamble and resolutions: 
 ^^: Whereas, at the January meeting of this board, the County of Knox offered 
 a bounty of three hundred dollars to each volunteer mustered into the service of 
 the United States, on the call of the president for 300,000 men, who shall be 
 credited to the quota of any town of said county, to the amount of its deficiency; 
 and this board appointed a committee to procure the money by loan, and 
 
 Whereas, said committee, after due publication and notice given, has failed to 
 secure loans to a sufficient amount to pay the indebtedness incurred, by reason of 
 such volunteering, and it being found that under an act of the legislature of the 
 
 State of Illinois, approved A. D. 1865, known as "the Burchard 
 
 bill" authority is given to the Board of Supervisors of Knox County to levy and 
 collect a special tax for the payment of such indebtedness, and to prescribe the 
 time for the collection of the same ; and it being necessary to do so, to preserve the 
 credit and good faith of the county, it is therefore 
 
 Ordered by the Board of Supervisors of Knox County, that a special tax of 
 two per cent (two dollars on every one hundred dollars valuation) be, and is 
 hereby levied and assessed upon each dollar's worth of taxable property, both 
 real and personal, within the County of Knox; which tax shall be known and 
 designated as the bounty tax, and the proceeds thereof be known as the bounty 
 tax fund, and shall be applied strictly in conformity with said law. 
 , - ; Ordered, That the county clerk procure suitable books, and immediately extend 
 such tax thereon, taking the assessment of 1864 as his basis for such tax. 
 
 Ordered, That on the completion of said tax books, the clerk issue his war- 
 rant, as provided by law, for the collection of the same, directed to the col- 
 lectors of the several towns, taking bonds from said collectors as provided by 
 law, for the faithful performance of their duties, and requiring said collectors to 
 make returns thereof by the ist day of May, A. D. 1865. 
 
 Ordered, That all taxes returned as delinquent by the town collectors to the 
 county collector, be collected by said county collector, in the same manner and at 
 the same time, as is now provided by law for the collection of state and county 
 taxes. 
 
 On the adoption of which preamble and resolutions, or orders, the yeas and 
 nays were ordered, resulting: Nays Messrs. Meek, Lowrie, Heflin, Newell, 
 Heagy, Arms, Gray, LeBaron, Potter, Pickrel, McCornack, Stuckey, Knable, 
 Nicholson, Gibbs and Mr. Chairman 16. Nays none. Absent 5. And there- 
 fore declared adopted. 
 
 Mr. Lowrie moved that the town collectors be required to make returns of all 
 collections made every ten days after the reception of the tax books from the 
 clerk. Adopted. : 
 
 On motion it was voted that each supervisor be required to certify to the 
 treasurer the name of each volunteer, who may have been credited to his town 
 respectively, to fill the quota thereof; and that said treasurer shall only pay on 
 
388 , HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY ';- r'^r^ 
 
 such certificates of the Provost Marshal as shall embrace the names so certified 
 by the supervisors. '.v '''. 
 
 Resolved, That the county will pay lo per cent, interest on all certificates of 
 enlistment from the date of their issue by the Provost Marshal until the same are 
 paid by the treasurer. 
 
 On which resolution the yeas and nays were called, and the resolution lost by 
 the following vote; '. ; ./ ^I -''r^^ ' 
 
 Yeas Messrs. Meek, Heagy, Knable and Nicholson ^4. 
 
 Nays Messrs. Lowry, Hefiin, Newell, Arms, Gray, LeBaron, Potter, Pickrel, 
 McCornack, Stuckey, Gibbs and Mr. Chairman 12. 
 ---'. The regular meeting, April, 1865, of the board was held and the allowances 
 
 . 
 
 reported by the committee on aid to soldiers seemed excessively large and an 
 effort of the board was made to limit expenditures in aid to soldiers' families. ,.. 
 
 Mr. Gray presented the following: 
 
 Mr. Gray, from committee appointed to audit claims presented for aid rendered 
 to families of volunteers, rendered the following report which was on motion ac- 
 cepted. Mr. Arms moved to adopt so much of the report as relates to the claims 
 audited and the recommendation that orders be issued in payment to the several 
 parties named for the sums specified. Motion adopted and orders directed to 
 issue, aggregating $11,155.39. . : .X;^ :.l :': 
 
 Your committee would recommend that the claifns allowed as above, be audited 
 and paid, as the goods were furnished and services rendered under the approval 
 of the supervisors of the several towns, but the accounts indicate that in some 
 cases supervisors have not adhered strictly to the rules adopted by this board, 
 for example, Indian Point claims aid is allowed $339.35 for the single article of 
 meat, which is more than the whole amount claimed by either Ontario, Sparta, ! 
 Copley, Walnut Grove, Persifer, Haw Creek, Chestnut, Orange, Rio and Truro, 
 for all purposes. That no sufficient explanation is given for this great difference in 
 claims from towns having about the same population, and as a check to this 
 large disbursement of public money, we would recommend that the board so 
 amend the resolution under which we are now acting, that each supervisor shall 
 render assistance to only such families of soldiers as have volunteered or been 
 drafted in Knox county; that they use greater care, that all supplies so given 
 shall be absolutely necessary. We would further recommend that the supervisors 
 give orders, naming the articles necessary in such order, and that the orders be 
 attached to all bills presented to this board for payment. 
 
 JOHN GRAY, 
 
 '.'.,;%!'. ' .'. ' H.R.SANDERSON, 
 
 ; ' ''\-"':^.''i- . '. : ;^ -'v '.,.'''"'- ^ E. S. HARDEN, .-:' 
 
 Committee. 
 
 Mr. Arms moved the adoption of the recommendations of the committee, 
 but subsequently withdrew his motion, when 
 
 Mr. Gale offered the following resolution: ' - '.'---- 'v' ' 1 .';.<. 
 
 ' Resolved, That the supervisors be instructed to aid only the families of sold- 
 iers, citizens of this county, and who have not received a county bounty exceed- 
 ing fifty dollars. 
 
J::.v>>r ; 1^.^ HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY 889 
 
 ; Mr. Vaughn moved to amend by striking out the word "county" in the 
 resolution, and insert the word "state." Amendment lost. 
 
 And the question recurring on the adoption of the resolution, the same was 
 passed. 
 t> Mr. Gale offered the following resolution, which was adopted: 
 
 Resolved, That each supervisor be directed to render to each meeting of the 
 board a statement of the number of families assisted by him, the number of per- 
 sons in each family and the amount of assistance given to each. 
 ;:' April. 1865. Mr. Vaughn offered the following resolution: 
 
 Resolved, That each member of this board be and is hereby requested to ob- 
 tain the names of those residing in the town which he represents, who are now 
 (serving) or have served three years in the United States Military service, and 
 also who may have received wounds or died in such service, that have been as- 
 sessed, or have paid the taxes assessed on their property to raise funds to pay 
 bounties to volunteers, known as the 2 per cent, tax; and also the amount that 
 each may have been assessed or paid, and report the same to this board at the 
 next annual meeting. 
 
 And be it further ' 
 
 Resolved, That a committee of three be appointed by the chair, whose duty 
 it shall be to get the opinion of competent counsel with a view to determine 
 whether there is any legal way in which the taxes so assessed or paid by such 
 persons can be refunded to them by the county by any act of this board and 
 report at the next annual meeting of this board. V 
 
 , Mr. Gale moved to amend by adding after the words "assessed or paid," and 
 said supervisors shall ascertain and report how much money has been paid by 
 the county to the parties contemplated to be benefited by this resolution, as 
 donations from the county. 
 
 V Mr. Curtis moved that the whole subject matter be indefinitely postponed and 
 called for the yeas and nays. 
 
 Yeas Messrs. Gale, Sanderson, Dunlap, Gray, Curtis, Pickrel, McCornack 
 
 and Nicholson 8. Nays Messrs. Smith, Harden, Heflin, Ferris, Heagy, 
 
 Arms, Maple, Miles, Stuckey, Pease, Vaughn and Lafferty 12. So the board 
 
 refused to table the resolution. : \; * 
 
 : The question being on the amendment it was adopted by the following vote: 
 
 Yeas Messrs. Harden, Gale, Sanderson, Dunlap, Heagy, Arms, Gray, Cur- 
 tis, Pickrel, McCornack, Stuckey and Chairman 12. Nays Messrs. Smith, 
 Heflin, Ferris, Maple, Pease, Nicholson, Vaughn and Lafferty 8. 
 
 The question then being on the adoption of the resolution as amended was 
 decided in the negative by the following vote: 
 
 Yeas Messrs. Smith, Heftin, Ferris, Heagy, Maple, Pease and Vaughn 7. 
 Nays Messrs. Harden, Gale, Sanderson, Dunlap, Arms, Gray, Curtis, Pickrel, 
 McCornack, Stuckey, Nicholson, Lafferty and Chairman 13. 
 
 Mr. Stuckey moved that the resolution of Mr. Gale passed yesterday cutting 
 off aid to families of soldiers, not residents of Knox county at time of enlisting, 
 be reconsidered. Passed. 
 
 " The question then being, shall the resolution of Mr. Gale pass, was decided in 
 the negative. : ' 
 
390 HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY 
 
 Yeas Messrs. Smith, Harden, Gale, Sanderson, Ferris, Gray, Curtis, McCor- 
 nack and Stuckey 9. Nays Messrs. Dunlap, Heflin, Arms, Maple, Pickrel, 
 Miles, Nicholson, Vaughn and Laflferty 9. 
 
 September, 1865. Mr. Curtis moved the allowance of bounty of fifty dollars 
 to Patrick H. Gilgan, a volunteer in the iO2nd regiment, which had not been 
 paid owing to informality of certificate. Motion allowed, and clerk directed to 
 issue order therefor. . . -.^ .v. -> .. 
 
 Mr. Vaughn offered the following resolution: " ' 
 
 Resolved, That each supervisor be, and is hereby requested to make out a list 
 of the names of those in his township, who have paid any part of the tax, known 
 as the two per cent, tax, which was levied for the purpose of paying bounties to 
 volunteers who were at the time of such payment in the military service of the 
 United States, or who had been honorably discharged from such service; and 
 report such list, with the amount each has paid, to this board at its next 
 
 The yeas and nays being called, resulted : Yeas Messrs. Heflin and Vaughn 
 2. Nays Messrs. Smith, Gale, Dunlap, Ferris, Heagy, Arms, Gray, Curtis, 
 Pickrel, Miles, McCornack, Stuekey, Pease and Nicholson 14. Absent 
 Messrs. Harden, Sanderson, Maple, Thompson and Lafferty 5. Lost. / 
 
 Mr. Miles offered the following resolution which was adopted: . ; | 
 
 Resolved, That John S. Winter, present county clerk, furnish the board of 
 supervisors at their next meeting, a list of all who have volunteered in the 
 service of the United States from Knox county, and who have not received any 
 local bounty. v ;x-, ::;;,. .^^^ '1V '.' 
 
 We, the undersigned committee, appointed to audit claims presented by the 
 several supervisors of Knox county, for support rendered soldiers' families, 
 furnished since the last meeting of this board, beg leave to make the following 
 report: And recommend that an order be passed ordering the clerk of this 
 county to draw orders in favor of the several parties for the amounts named 
 below, as follows, and amounting to $7,755.74. Which report on motion of Mr. 
 Arms was accepted and the recommendation of the committee concurred in. 
 
 January, 1866. The clerk then presented a list of volunteers who had not 
 received local bounty (so far as the same could be ascertained) in this county, 
 as directed by the board of supervisors at their September meeting, which report 
 was accepted ; and on motion of Mr. Gale, the report by townships was referred 
 to the supervisors of the several towns, with instructions to examine and correct 
 the same, and return to the county clerk and that the clerk make another report 
 at the next meeting of this board. ;r .. ; .'. !.'.;:r :' ' I :^ 
 
 Mr. Sanderson offered the following motion which was adopted: 
 
 Resolved, That the county clerk prepare a statement of the amount of money 
 expended by Knox county for bounties; and also the amount expended for aid to 
 families of volunteers, and report to the adjutant general in accordance with the 
 tenor of his circular; and that the board recommend to the several cities, towns 
 and associations to make returns of the amount each town has expended for 
 like purposes, to the county clerk, that such amounts may be duly certified and 
 forwarded to the adjutant general. 
 
 Mr. Gale, from committee on claims for aid rendered to the families of 
 
-;.;.:;;; ;^;;:;^;;:v^, HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY /- " 391 
 
 soldiers reported, and recommended the allowance of claims amounting to 
 $2,896.74. 
 
 Mr. Gray offered the following resolution : 
 
 ' Whereas, The necessity for assistance to soldiers' families has nearly 
 ceased, and whereas, the further assistance to such families can be better ren- 
 dered by each town for itself, therefore 
 
 Resolved, That the resolution under which families of volunteers are assisted 
 by the county is hereby annulled. 
 
 Mr. Gray's resolution being in order, Mr. Pease moved to amend by postpon- 
 ing the operation of the resolution until after the next meeting of the board. 
 Amendment adopted, and the question recurring on the adoption of the resolu- 
 tion as amended, the same was adopted. Yeas E. S. Harden, A. J. Dunlap, R. 
 Heflin, L. D. Ferris, G. W. Heagy, Cephas Arms, John Gray, A. S. Curtis, 
 James McCornack, S. V. Stuckey, Jas. H. Nicholson, John Lafferty 13. Nays 
 Messrs. P. H. Smith, W. Selden Gale, A. M. Maple, James Pickrel and H. J. 
 Vaughn 5. Adopted. 
 
 April, 1866. Petition of Gen. A. A. Smith for bounty, under resolution 
 passed July 3ist, A. D. 1862, presented by Mr. Gale, and on motion said petition 
 was referred to a committee of three. (The chair appointed Messrs. Arms, 
 Heagy and Keller.) 
 
 The committee to which was referred the claims presented for aid rendered 
 to soldiers' families, reported the following claims, and recommended their al- 
 lowance, which report was accepted, the recommendation concurred in, and the 
 clerk directed to issue orders for the several amounts allowed amounting to 
 $1,281.61. . . . ,. 
 
 Mr. Dunlap offered the following resolution : 
 
 " Resolved, That the board adopt and ratify the resolution passed at its last 
 meeting refusing further aid to families of volunteers by the county from and 
 after this date. 
 
 When Mr. Vaughn offered the following as an amendment: 
 
 Resolved, That the supervisor of each town, be and is hereby authorized to 
 extend aid to the families of volunteers who are still in the service of the United 
 States, or who have died or been disabled in such service, when such families 
 are really in need of such aid; and although the families of any deceased soldier 
 may receive a pension from the government of eight dollars per month, this 
 shall be no bar to such aid when absolutely needed, any resolution of this board 
 to the contrary notwithstanding. 
 
 The yeas and nays on said amendment being called, resulted : Yeas Messrs. 
 Meek, Gale, Conger, Clay, Heagy, Ebright, Beadle, Combs, Thompson, Vaughn, 
 Gibbs and Chairman 12. Nays Messrs. Dunlap, Heflin, Arms, Kellar. John- 
 son, Rhea, Adams and Newell 9. Resolution as amended, adopted. 
 ' ' September, 1866. Mr. Meek, from committee to which were referred the 
 bills for aid rendered to families of volunteers, 'reported recommending the al- 
 lowance of claims amounting to $585.92 plus $222.50. 
 
 Mr. Vaughn offered the following resolution which was adopted: 
 -: Resolved, That the sum of one thousand dollars be and is hereby appropriated 
 to the Soldiers' Orphans' Home, to be paid on the order of treasurer of the above 
 
392 HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY K .;--^ 
 
 ' ' -''' V 
 
 mentioned institution, upon the condition precedent, that some agent of the 
 aforesaid institution shows, to the satisfaction of the county clerk, and the chair- 
 man of this board, that said institution has already secured the balance of fifty 
 thousand dollars, as subscription to said institution. 
 
 The county clerk is hereby authorized to borrow the above amount on the 
 credit of the county, and pay over the amount on the condition above stated. 
 
 January, 1867. Mr. Gale presented report of committee on aid rendered 
 families of soldiers, and recommended the allowance of the following claims 
 to the parties named for the sums specified. Report accepted and adopted. And 
 on motion of Mr. Gale the clerk was directed to issue orders in payment, ag-: 
 gregating $607.33. / ,. . ( :: V : A I : - ; = ^ 
 
 Mr. Gale presented claim of Benj. Lombard for furnishing substitute, for the 
 sum of $300.00 and moved the payment thereof. Rejected. The board also 
 refused to pay bounty to Col. F. C. Smith. 
 
 April, 1867. The committee on miscellaneous subjects to whom was referred 
 claims for the support of soldiers' families, beg leave to report a total of $967.91, 
 which was allowed. 
 
 Mr. Holyoke presented a claim for a one hundred days' service bounty under 
 former resolution of the Board, and it appearing that said bounty had never 
 been paid, it was voted that the clerk issue an order to Wilson Bandy, assignee 
 of Thomas Mollen, for the sum of twenty- five dollars, in payment of such 
 bounty. 
 
 September, 1867. Mr. Sumner offered the following preamble and resolution: 
 
 Whereas, Many of our fellow citizens fell in the War of the Rebellion, it 
 is but just that a tribute to their worth and patriotism be erected by the county,, 
 and their memories preserved by a grateful community, therefore 
 
 Resolved, By the board of supervisors, that a suitable monument be erected 
 upon the public square of the City of Knoxville, upon the tablets of which the 
 names of each citizen of the county who lost his life in the service of his country 
 shall be engraved and such other memoranda as may be deemed proper by a 
 committee hereafter to be appointed to carry out this resolution. 
 
 Mr. McKee moved to amend by inserting, that when built it be at the county 
 seat. Amendment withdrawn. ; . I '. 
 
 On motion of Mr. Whiting, the whole subject was laid upon the table. 
 
 Mr. Keightley moved that the resolution of Mr. Sumner in regard to a sold- 
 iers' monument be taken from the table. Yeas Messrs. McKee, Sumner, 
 Charles, Keightley, Hamrick, Miles, Hall, Wood, Shaffer, Vaughn and Gibbs ii. 
 Nays Messrs. Meek, Harden, Clay, Gale, Conger, Whiting, Dunlap, Beadle, 
 Johnson and Chambers lO. Carried. 
 
 Mr. Vaughn offered the following resolution as a substitute for Mr. Sumner's 
 resolution : 
 
 Resolved, That in the opinion of this board, it is not now prudent for the 
 county to make an effort to erect the proposed monument, in as much as large 
 expenditures have lately been made by the county, and that we are not now 
 in a condition to do justice to this matter. And that the resolution for the present 
 be laid upon the table. 
 
 On which the yeas and nays were called, resulting : Yeas Messrs. Meek, 
 
.;; ' ' ;^ -^ ": HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY 393 
 
 ;- Harden, Clay, Gale, Conger, Whiting, Dunlap, Wykoff, Newell, Charles, Beadle, 
 Miles, Johnson, Chambers, Vaughn and Gibbs 16. Nays Messrs. McKee, Sum- 
 f ner, Keightley, Hamrick, Swigart, Hall and Wood 7. Carried. 
 ' Mr. Miles then offered the following substitute which was adopted: 
 
 V. Resolved, That Messrs. Sumner, Vaughn and Beadle be appointed a com- 
 
 ; mittee to report to the next meeting of the board the probable cost of erecting a 
 
 ' suitable monument to the soldiers of Knox county who fell in the service of their 
 
 ; country during the war of the great rebellion. 
 '.v'"^. Mr. Gale offered the following resolution which was adopted: 
 
 Resolved, That it is not expedient to continue to aid the families of soldiers 
 
 '!'., in the manner heretofore done, and that such aid cease after sixty days from this 
 V; date. 
 
 January, 1869. Mr Vaughn offered the following resolution: 
 
 "\ - . Resolved, That the supervisor of each town report to this board at their next 
 ,.; meeting, the names of those who paid any portion of the tax levied to raise money 
 V to pay bounties to soldiers, known as the 2 per cent, tax, and the amount that 
 , each so paid who were at the time of such payment in the military service of the 
 .. United States. Lost. : 
 
 .: ; :. Mr. Vaughn offered the following resolution: 
 
 Resolved, That the Hon. W. Selden Gale be, and he is hereby requested to 
 .* procure if possible the passage of a law authorizing the County of Knox to re- 
 fund the tax paid by those who were at time of such payment in the military 
 service of the United States, which tax was levied to raise money to pay bounties 
 to soldiers, and known as the 2 per cent, tax, and that the clerk of this board for- 
 : ward a copy of this resolution to Mr. Gale. 
 
 Mr. Whiting moved to amend by inserting private soldiers. Lost. The ques- 
 ,' tion recurring on the passage of Mr. Vaughn's resolution, it was lost by the fol- 
 lowing vote : Yeas Messrs. Whiting, Dossett, Johnson and Vaughn ^4. Nays 
 , Messrs. Smith, Harden, Clay, Frisbie, Sanderson, Lanphere, Robertson, Bet- 
 ;.; terton, Charles, Beadle, Lacy, Chambers, Corey, Wood, Tucker, Gibbs and the 
 ' Chairman 18. 
 
 . : December 1895. The following communication from the state's attorney in 
 relation to aid to indigent soldiers, sailors and marines was read: -.:.; -. , .;.;-.--.. 
 .; To the Hon. Chairman and Board of Supervisors, Knox Co., III. 
 
 Gentlemen: Your chairman has requested that I give an opinion in relation 
 ' to the construction of one of the statutes of this state, being an act entitled an 
 
 - Act to regulate the granting of relief to indigent war veterans and their fam- 
 ilies ; the question being, whether the relief provided for in said act is furnished 
 
 ' by the individual townships or by the county at large. An examination of this act 
 'V reveals the fact that it is very loosely drawn. The only thing I am able to 
 ; discover in the act which indicates that the relief granted to the old soldiers 
 and their families is to be furnished by the county is from the reading of the 
 first section of the act, which provides, "That the overseer of the poor, as used 
 '-. in this act, shall be construed to mean all persons whose duty it is under existing 
 ' statutes to care for, relieve or maintain wholly or in part any poor or indigent 
 .; person who may be entitled to such relief under the statutes of the State of Illi- 
 nois." , .-,.., ... 
 
 
394 HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY 
 
 Now in this county the overseer of the poor is the supervisor of each town- 
 ship (outside of the City of Galesburg, where we have a regularly appointed 
 overseer of the poor) and with the exception of this fact I find no where through 
 the balance of this act anything which would further indicate that the care of 
 the old soldiers and their families was a county charge, but I do find by a careful 
 reading of the act that indications all point to the fact that such care, so fur- 
 nished, shall be a charge upon the individual townships. 
 
 This is as near as it is possible for me to construe this statute without prece- 
 dent or authority, and leads me to conclude that it was the intention of the 
 legislature in passing this act that the care of the indigent old soldiers, sailors, 
 marines and their families should be a charge upon the several townships through- 
 out the county where they resided and not a charge upon the county at large. 
 
 GALESBURG, ILL.. Dec. i8, 1895. EUGENE W. WELCH. 
 
 On motion of Mr. Latimer, the foregoing opinion of the state's attorney in 
 reference to the law granting relief to indigent war veterans and their families be 
 adopted as the rule of this board. 
 
 Mr. Nelson, of the special committee on Memorial Hall and Soldiers' Monu- 
 ment, read the following report : 
 To the Honorable Board of Supervisors of Knox County, State of Illinois. 
 
 Gentlemen: ^Your committee appointed at the September meeting of the 
 board, to act with the memorial committee of the Grand Army of Knox County, 
 would respectfully report that we Jiave made careful inquiry of the county clerks 
 in the different counties of this state, as to what has been done in their respective 
 counties to perpetuate the memory of the men who offered their services and 
 their lives for the protection of our great government when its existence was as- 
 sailed, and we have together with the memorial committee of the Grand Army, 
 carefully canvassed the answers and explanations thus received. 
 
 We find in many of the counties in the state, nothing has been done in rela- 
 tion to this matter, but in many other counties either a monument or a memorial 
 hall has been erected, and in some cases both monument and a memorial room 
 are built. We find that the money to defray the expenses of such memorials has 
 in some cases been raised by private subscription and in other cases by taxation 
 through the county board, but in most cases the county board has made an ap- 
 propriation direct from the county treasury for the purpose. -j ";-.;; 
 
 Your committee find that there is no law authorizing such appropriations by 
 the county board, but we believe that the patriotic citizens of Knox county feel 
 that there should be no further unnecessary delay in taking some action that will 
 insure the erection of such suitable memorial to the memory of the men who 
 sacrificed their lives for the salvation of our government and brought peace and 
 prosperity to the people, as will be a credit to the county, a fitting object lesson to 
 the rising generations and some measure of consolation to the large number of 
 our people who lost near and dear ones in the terrible conflict that brought lasting 
 peace to our country. '.-:.;.-': ... ' ^'; 
 
 Your committee would therefore recommend: ,' 
 
 First, That the court room on the third floor in the east wing of the court 
 house be set apart as a memorial room to the soldiers and sailors who enlisted 
 from Knox county in any of the wars in the country that occurred since the organ- 
 
^^nV-:"'-; ;;::i ;;..;;:;:-:; /HISTORY OF KXOX COUNTY ^ r '. {- 395 
 
 '.'"'' 
 
 ization of this county; said room to be used for storing such relics from the 
 wars herein named, as may be desirable to save, and as a meeting place for 
 soMiers and sailors of the late wars at such times as the Grand Army posts of the 
 county may determine. We recommend that said room be properly fitted up for 
 the purposes above named, at the expense of the county, under the direction of a 
 committee from the board to act in conjunction with a committee from the Grand 
 Army posts of the county. 
 
 Second, That the following proposition be submitted to the voters of the 
 county at the regular municipal and town elections to be held next spring, to-wit: 
 
 "For the appropriation of $10,000 by the board of supervisors | 
 
 for the erection of a monument to the soldiers and sailors of Knox V Yes , - ';; . 
 
 county." . .: v';:;;: .-". ... ; - , -i::-|-';-":'- ^' -'^'''', 
 
 : "Against the appropriation of $10,000 for a soldiers' mon- ] .. ;. 
 ument." ''..; ./\/''^-y.! -s; ;-;'. .^'-'i- ' ^'-^ - "' ./ '^"''V 
 
 and that the proposition be submitted on separate ballots and that separate ballot 
 boxes be kept at the polls for the reception of such ballots and the regular judges 
 and clerks at said election shall officiate in receiving, recording and counting said 
 ballots, as are appointed for the regular election to be held at that time, and they 
 
 . shall transmit without delay to the county clerk said poll books, tally lists, 
 ballots and certificates of the election pertaining to said appropriation ; and that 
 the county clerk be directed to furnish the necessary poll books, tally sheets, 
 ballots, and instructions for said special election. ;. ;:. / '\ >,-^:...':; 
 
 , : . .. : = Respectfully submitted, .y 
 
 /; '-\.;;'\;^- ; ,' : /;r\ ;i''V\'-vr.^--' ,-^''vV; ,. ..... NELS NELSON, ;; 
 
 '"'' .'"' .' '^''''' ':':V^':^ ^':''''-'\''^'\'f^^':-^.-^^^^^ J- F- LATIMER, ^' 
 
 ;V. .-'.'..;.;.'-,;" ? ^'": --V-.^';''--. .'_ :'-:'-.'^'-':^V.'^'.''-v^--\r''^-'-':'' \ JOHN McCREA, ' 
 -:.;-.,;,. .V _'/-:;- '^; .;,,.;' .;;-/ ; . Committee. 
 
 On motion of Mr. Becker, the foregoing report was adopted and its recom- 
 mendations concurred in, and the chair appointed as such committee Messrs. J. F. 
 Latimer, John McCrea and C. E. Allen. 
 
 March, 1896. , i 
 
 The following communication was read and referred to the special committee 
 on soldiers' monument and memorial hall: 
 To the Hon. Board of Supervisors of Knox County, III., Greeting. ' " '' ' "^ " 
 
 ../ii At a regular meeting of Morgan L. Smith Post, No. 666, Dept. of III., G. A. 
 R., held at Yates City, 111., March 7th, 1896, the following action was taken, viz: 
 ' L. A. Lawrence introduced the following preamble and resolution: 
 
 Whereas, At the last meeting of the board of supervisors of Knox county, 
 111., held Dec. I7th, 1895, a resolution was passed submitting to the voters of 
 Knox county, 111., a proposition to vote for an appropriation of ten thousand 
 dollars ($10,000), for the purpose of erecting a suitable monument to the memory 
 of the soldiers and sailors of said county who fell in the war of the Rebellion of 
 i86i to 1865, and also to those who have since passed away, that bore their share 
 in that honorable struggle; said proposition to be voted on at the regular annual 
 
396 . . HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY j , 
 
 town meeting to be held in all the townships in said county on the first Tuesday in 
 April, 1896; and - 
 
 Whereas, Believing that said appropriation of ten thousand dollars ($io,oeo) 
 is not a sufficient sum to erect a monument suitable to the purpose proposed, or 
 one that will be an honor to Knox county's fallen sons, or even to the present 
 generation of voters who may act upon said proposition if successful; therefore, 
 be it ^'' ; '' ' ' . ' ''' 
 
 Resolved by this Post, That we most earnestly and respectfully request the 
 honorable board of supervisors of said Knox county to reconsider its action taken 
 concerning that appropriation and withdraw said proposition before it goes 
 before the voters for their action, and when so withdrawn that a committee be ap- 
 pointed by said board whose duty it shall be to solicit plans and estimates of 
 monuments of modern designs, from competent persons, that when erected, will 
 reflect credit upon the builders, and do deserved honor to those whose deeds we 
 would commemorate ; and, be it 
 
 Resolved, That when such plans and estimates shall have been presented and 
 shall be found to fully answer he demand as above set forth, that the board of 
 supervisors of said Knox county be requested then to present to the voters of 
 Knox county, a proposition to vote an appropriation of such sum as by the above 
 estimates presented, shall be found sufficient and worthy the high purpose of 
 erecting a beautiful memorial to those who, by their patriotic devotion, have made 
 it possible for us to say today in honorable fact what for nearly a century before 
 the Civil War could only be said in unmeaning words. 
 
 "This is the land of the free and the home of the brave." . '. 
 
 Resolution adopted. '- v .; 
 
 L.A.LAWRENCE, .. ' ; - O. P. FETTERS, 
 
 : ... ;^ Adjutant. , . . - . . Commander. 
 
 THE CITY OF GALESBURG 'v ,:> ; 
 
 The city of Galesburg owes its existence to a company of men and women 
 who loved education and religion. The founders of the city were already edu- 
 cated, refined and religious themselves and they wanted to extend these advantages 
 and influences to the youth of the land. In the charter of the college it is declared 
 in Sec. 2 : "The object of said corporation shall be to promote the general in- 
 terests of literature and to qualify young men in the best manner for the various 
 professional and business occupations of society." It is also stated in the original 
 circular: "The indications of Providence, as well as the requisitions of Christ, 
 impose on Christians of this day peculiar obligations to devise and execute, as far 
 as in them lies, liberal and efficient plans for spreading the gospel through the 
 world. The supply of an evangelical and able ministry is confessedly the most 
 important for the accomplishment of this end." 
 
 It is for these purposes that certain men and women left Oneida county. New 
 York, with their friends from other parts of the east, and journeyed overland to 
 Illinois, meeting many trials and thrilling experiences on their way thither. The 
 

 
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396 ' HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY 
 
 town meeting to be held in all the townships in said county on the first Tuesday in 
 April, 1896; and . : ' v' I .' 
 
 Whereas, Believing that said appropriation of ten thousand dollars ($10,000) 
 is not a sufficient sum to erect a monument suitable to the purpose proposed, or 
 one that will be an honor to Knox county's fallen sons, or even to the present 
 generation of voters who may act upon said proposition if successful; therefore, 
 be it - , . ' ' : ' ' . . ':' "> ."'--^ 1-. ,".'''- 
 
 Resolved by this Post, That we most earnestly and respectfully request the 
 honorable board of supervisors of said Knox county to reconsider its action taken 
 concerning that appropriation and withdraw said proposition before it goes 
 before the voters for their action, and when so withdrawn that a committee be ap- 
 pointed by said board whose duty it shall be to solicit plans and estimates of 
 monuments of modern designs, from competent persons, that when erected, will 
 reflect credit upon the builders, and do deserved honor to those whose deeds we 
 would commemorate ; and, be it 
 
 Resolved, That when such plans and estimates shall have been presented and 
 shall be found to fully answer tTie demand as above set forth, that the board of 
 supervisors of said Knox county be requested then to present to the voters of 
 Knox county, a proposition to vote an appropriation of such sum as by the above 
 estimates presented, shall be found sufficient and worthy the high purpose of 
 erecting a beautiful memorial to those who, by their patriotic devotion, have made 
 it possible for us to say today in honorable fact what for nearly a century before 
 the Civil War could only be said in unmeaning words. 
 
 "This is the land of the free and the home of the brave." 
 
 Resolution adopted. 
 
 L. A. LAWRENCE, O. P. FETTERS, ; 
 
 . Adjutant. , , . Commander. 
 
 : ". . THE CITY OF GALESBURG ' 
 
 The city of Galesburg owes its existence to a company of men and women 
 who loved education and religion. The founders of the city were already edu- 
 cated, refined and religious themselves and they wanted to extend these advantages 
 and influences to the youth of the land. In the charter of the college it is declared 
 in Sec. 2 : "The object of said corporation shall be to promote the general in- 
 terests of literature and to qualify young men in the best manner for the various 
 professional and business occupations of society." It is also stated in the original 
 circular : "The indications of Providence, as well as the requisitions of Christ, 
 impose on Christians of this day peculiar obligations to devise and execute, as far 
 as in them lies, liberal and efficient plans for spreading the gospel through the 
 world. The supply of an evangelical and able ministry is confessedly the most 
 important for the accomplishment of this end." . . I V 
 
 It is for these purposes that certain men and women left Oneida county. New 
 York, with their friends from other parts of the east, and journeyed overland to 
 Illinois, meeting many trials and thrilling experiences on their way thither. The 
 
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.;K^t HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY : > "^ 397 
 
 world has had many migrations of people from place to place. In the early 
 history of men these migrations were probably due to the lack of food or the 
 desire for plunder and a severe struggle for existence, making it necessary that a 
 portion of the people separate from the tribe and go elsewhere. Since the dawn of 
 history these migrations have taken place because of religious oppression, the 
 aggressions of the ruling class and the increasing curtailment of the liberties of 
 the common people. Not so, however, with the people who came to Galesburg. 
 They lived in comfort, they had their share of this world's goods, they were 
 respected for their attainments, they enjoyed the blessings of religious and civil 
 liberty, and their homes were in a prosperous country, in a prosperous com- 
 munity and there was still plenty of land to admit of expansion. A high and noble 
 declaration setting forth the reason of their migration must therefore stand in all 
 truth and sincerity. 
 
 It is this same band who came to organize a Christian college, that also organ- 
 ized the city of Galesburg. We have here a remarkable example of the per- 
 sistence of a living principle. Every high ideal, every devotion to a pure, 
 Christian faith that was present with the founders of Knox college and Gales- 
 burg, is still to be found in the founders and their descendants and in the accre- 
 tions that have come to our city from other and independent sources. And in 
 this fact we find a fulfillment of the high hopes and purposes of the founders. 
 Not only in a general way have they left to their descendants the noble spirit with 
 which the founders came but there is everywhere evidence that much of the same 
 spirit has permeated the lives of all our citizens. We would not say that every 
 thought in its entirety that was entertained by our ancestors is still common in 
 Galesburg. Those thoughts have been modified and broadened with the lapse of 
 time and in the ripening fruit we see clearly the real sweet and nutritious kernel 
 that was then partly hidden within the somewhat forbidding but protecting shell. 
 And this is true of all communities within this county in which these founders 
 settled. They brought with them and have made generous distribution of their 
 own noble qualities. 
 
 The story of migration has been so often told that it need not here be repeated 
 in detail. There is scarcely a newspaper published in this county that does not 
 : occasionally refer to the experiences of these men. Again and again t^e story is 
 told to the children of the public schools and to the students in our colleges. Much 
 of it also will be found in different parts of this history, but rather let us turn 
 our attention to some things of interest which have occurred in the course of the 
 policies pursued in the corporate capacity of our city. 
 
 The village records prior to the year 1851 are not available, therefore a com- 
 mencement address upon ... . ._. 
 
 ,/;"'' ^ GALESBURG BEFORE THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION 
 
 by Miss Helen M. Ryan, read June 13, 1912 at her graduation from Knox college, 
 is submitted to cover that period. It gives so complete a description, in so small a 
 space, of Galesburg life prior to the city's incorporation and is so full of interest 
 that all will be glad to find it in these pages. ;:.; - -. 
 
 Of the scores of pioneer towns, which during the early part of the last cen- 
 
398 HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY '^^ 
 
 tury sprang up like mushrooms upon the rolling prairie of Illinois, from some 
 tiny spores wafted on the breeze of western migration, Galesburg is a typical 
 example. Its religious history has been traced from the very beginning; we have 
 long been familiar with the early annals of the college, which indeed was the fore- 
 runner of the town, while but slight emphasis has been placed upon the industrial 
 metamorphosis through which the village passed in the early fifties, when after 
 strenuous effort on the part of loyal citizens, a railroad came through Galesburg, 
 and rescued it from the oblivfoh which would otherwise have been its fate. 
 
 Founded in 1837, Galesburg had grown steadily until in 1845 it was a flourish- 
 ' ing village of some seventy dwellings, "situated on the main stage line between 
 Peoria and Oquawka" as an old Knox catalogue tells us. Around the New Eng- 
 land square were a general store or two and a blacksmith shop, while on the 
 southwest corner stood the first church, the ever watchful guardian of the moral 
 life of the community. 
 
 Galesburg passed the first two decades of its existence quietly independent 
 of the rest of the world. But should we picture it in 1857 we would see a change, 
 evidences of the industrial revolution, ushered in by the coming of the Chicago, 
 Burlington and Quincy railroad, which resulted in a new era of industrial devel- 
 opment. No longer does one store do the business of the community but there 
 are merchants of various kinds. No longer do the people gather in their door- 
 yards as the clumsy stage coach, with horn blowing, thunders down the road. No 
 longer is the whir of saw or grist mill the only evidence of industry, since from 
 the "Q" yards to Frost's foundry, there is a buzz and shriek of machinery, the 
 clang of engine bells and the scream of whistles, announcing the employment of 
 scores of men. 
 
 That first epoch in Galesburg's economic history was characterized by a lack 
 of transportation facilities and by an absence of machinery, two factors aflecting 
 all fields of activity, but especially prominent in determining the condition of 
 agriculture at that time. The primitive methods of farming alone were sufficient to 
 limit production, while the difficulty in reaching markets made large crops unprofit- 
 able and offered no incentive to inventive genius for the improvement of agricultural 
 implements. Corn has always been the chief export until after the coming of the 
 railroad. Wheat, however, has always been produced in comparatively large 
 quantities. With the only farm implements an old fashioned wooden mold-board 
 plow, a sickle, a harvesting cradle, and a threshing fiail, necessitating the use of 
 manual labor in all the processes, the acreage under cultivation was naturally 
 small. Moreover, when the farmer had succeeded in harvesting his wheat, he 
 must make the tiresome journey with loaded wagons, to Peoria or farther still, to 
 Chicago the latter trip consuming two weeks with a tedious wait in the elevators 
 in the city if prices were high, perhaps sixty cents causing farmers to rush their 
 wheat to market. Hog raising owing to the distance from available markets, was 
 an unsuccessful financial venture, if one may judge from the experience of the 
 ' man from Knoxville who once succeeded in driving 1,300 unruly pigs to Chicago 
 at a loss of $5,000. 
 
 The absence of railroads and the consequent isolation, resulted in the industrial 
 independence of the community ; whereas, within Galesburg itself, owing to the 
 abundance of land, each family was practically self-supporting. There was little 
 
:>^;;v- ;': ;^^^^^^ HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY ' ^ --:^' 399 
 
 ^ need of meat market or grocery store since each one slaughtered his own meat 
 
 : . and raised the necessary grain, garden vegetables and fruit upon his ten acre lot. 
 
 /:- -The housewife's tasks, included besides the cooking and other duties of the 
 
 present, spinning and weaving, the dipping of candles and the making of all the 
 V c garments for the family, with her own hands. 
 
 i::. Whatever articles were needed aside from the domestic productions could be 
 
 '': - '-: obtained at the general store and you need not hesitate to purchase if your funds 
 
 ; ; were low, for Mr. Qjlton would accept whatever farm produce you had to offer 
 in exchange for needles, farm implements or calico. There was little competition 
 
 and prices may have been high but the credit was long. 
 
 ';; The village had its own grist mills and its saw mills make into lumber the hard 
 
 '. " . . wood from Henderson Grove. All building materials with the exception of hard- 
 ; V ' ware, glass and white lead, were the product of the neighborhood. In the sash, 
 .' , . . door and blind factory, all the labor was performed by hand for years. 
 
 -' ' .'' , - 
 
 ': i But Galesburg's system of domestic economy was nearing its close, when, in 
 
 . .' 1854 the first construction engine entered Galesburg over the railroad linking it 
 
 r V with east and west. For simultaneously with the railroad came factories and 
 
 ;, . machinery. The cornplanter, invented and manufactured by Geo. W. Brown, the 
 
 ..; steel plow and the threshing machine revolutionized agricultural methods; new 
 
 appliances simplified household tasks, increase of population and multiplication 
 
 . : of machinery led to specialization of labor and industrial interdependence and 
 
 Galesburg became a unit in the economic life in the nation." . ' 
 
 '. . . There does not seem to have been very much of a scramble for office in 1854. 
 
 . On April i3th of that year a committee from the village trustees was appointed to 
 . ; wait upon L. C. Conger and find out if he would accept the office of supervisor at 
 ;; ' I2j^ cents per day that the trustees agreed to allow him. Here is one instance at 
 ,;' least, of the office seeking the man. ; : 
 
 ; .. ; ; In the spring of 1857, after it became apparent that Galesburg was to be a 
 --. ': railroad town, the citizens aspired to give their town the more dignified appellation 
 "., ; of CITY OF GALESBURG. An election was called for the 6th of April, the village 
 3 . trustees met, canvassed the votes and declared the following officers elected : H. R. 
 ;?_; , Sanderson, mayor; O. S. Pitcher, city clerk; F. P. Sisson, marshal; David San- 
 ; bom, assessor; George Davis, collector; And. Phelps, treasurer; John Burlin^am, 
 ;; street commissioner; A. C. Wiley and L. C. Conger, police magistrates; M. S. 
 r'-;;: ,.: Cooke, city justice of the peace. Aldermen: ist ward, J. H. Sherman; 2nd 
 .: .. ward, Edwin Post; 3d ward, J. F. Dunn; 4th ward, J. W. Cothren; 5th ward, 
 ';^'v. Marcus Belden; 6th ward, E. M. Jordan. : , =:, .v.^. 
 
 ;/}; Majority against license, 358. . ,, , ' ' ..;>':' /' - V; 
 
 ;-, ', Majority against gaming, 371. . V: .,.,- 
 
 .; y After closing up the business of the meeting the trustees shook hands and bid 
 
 -; each other farewell. > 
 
 ' ; ' On April 9, 1857 the mayor and city council met in the session room of the 
 
 ; First Presbyterian Church. Mr. Pitcher, clerk, presented his certificate of elec- 
 ,;;;. tion, took the oath of office before A. C. Wiley, J. P., and proceeded to organize 
 
 '-!.-. ^^^ council. The major being absent, Mr. J. H. Sherman was made acting mayor. 
 /; ;;. The city had no corporate seal and it was ordered that a "Scrawl" around the 
 
400 HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY 
 
 word "seal" should be the seal of the city and that the clerk report a suitable 
 design at the next meeting for a city seal. 
 
 The council met again April I3th when the clerk reported a representation of 
 the main building of Knox college as a device for a city seal which was unanimous- 
 ly adopted. 
 
 A room for meeting for one year was rented of R. H. Rugar for $100.00. It 
 will be noted that the vote on license or no license resulted in "no license" by 358 
 majority. This vote applied to the charter which, therefore denied to the council 
 the right to license the sale of intoxicating liquor until the adoption of the 
 present charter containing license privilege. 
 
 On April i6, 1857 the council declared by ordinance all roads within the city 
 to be public streets and any continuation of any of said streets should bear the 
 name of the street so continued. Questions like this kind came in rapid succession 
 and. were taken up and disposed of, thereby adjusting matters in conformity with 
 the broader outloolc arising from the new powers and duties of the newly bom 
 city. In 1860, a census was taken, showing the total number of inhabitants to be 
 5,544, of whom 2,753 were males, 2,791 females ; divided among the different 
 races as follows: Swedes, 654; Irish, 422; Germans, 222; other foreigners, 220; 
 Americans, 4,026; colored, 78; entitled to vote, 1,153. 
 
 A census of the city of Galesburg Was also taken Oct. i, 1867, and reported 
 to the council October 7th, showing the following: 1 . 
 
 Total population Oct. i 9,230 ; . 
 
 American 5,674 . .' 
 
 Swede 1,650 . C ' 
 
 Irish 865 /^^ 
 
 German 467 : ? " 
 
 ''.. ; Colored 574 ^ ,'^ ^ 
 
 Total population, 1863 6,475 X -f' 
 
 Total population, 1865 7,7OO " ''' 
 
 In the same year a Norwegian name unknown asked the privilege of estab- 
 lishing a brewery within the city limits. .- ';| , .; 
 It was in this year that the rumblings of the Civil War were first heaird. ^. , . 
 
 ' ' - - GALESBURG IN THE CIVIL WAR ^ ^!: ,: : / 
 
 Overt acts were committed by the south at different points during the winter 
 of i86i and war began in earnest in the spring. The pressure was immediately 
 felt by the families of the men who had volunteered to defend the nation. On 
 Nov. 19, i86i, the council voted an allowance of thirty to forty cents a day for 
 each man regularly certified. An appropriation of $5,000.00 had been made for 
 this purpose in the tax levy of April 19, i86i. The young city did her full share. 
 In January, 1865 when the government wanted to close the war with a mighty 
 dash and called loudly for additional troops, the council offered a bounty of 
 $500.00 to include the $300.00 offered for the first sixteen men who would volun- 
 teer. This action was rescinded when it was learned that the quota required of 
 the city was much larger than supposed and it was voted to have placed to the 
 credit of the township sixty volunteers and pay each $200.00. The city guaran- 
 
c 
 
 Z 
 
 jc 
 
400 HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY 
 
 word "seal" should be the seal of the city and that the clerk report a suitable 
 design at the next meeting for a city seal, ' :' . -I 
 
 The council met again April I3th when the clerk reported a representation of 
 the main building of Knox college as a device for a city seal which was unanimous- 
 ly adopted. 
 
 A room for meeting for one year was rented of R. H. Rugar for $100.00. It 
 will be noted that the vote on license or no license resulted in "no license" by 358 
 majority. This vote applied to the charter which, therefore denied to the council 
 the right to license the sale of intoxicating liquor until the adoption of the 
 present charter containing license privilege. 
 
 On April i6, 1857 the council declared by ordinance all roads within the city 
 to be public streets and any continuation of any of said streets should bear the 
 name of the street so continued. Questions like this kind came in rapid succession 
 and. were taken up and disposed of, thereby adjusting matters in conformity with 
 the broader outlooli arising from the new powers and duties of the newly born 
 city. In 1860. a census was taken, showing the total number of inhabitants to be 
 5,544, of whom 2,753 were males, 2,791 females ; divided among the different 
 races as follows: Swedes, 654; Irish, 422; Germans, 222; other foreigners, 220; 
 Americans, 4,026; colored, 78; entitled to vote, 1,153. 
 
 A census of the city of Galesburg Was also taken Oct. I, 1867, and reported 
 to the council October 7th, showing the following: ; I 
 
 : ; Total population Oct. i 9,230 
 
 American 5,674 : 
 
 Swede 1,650 
 
 . Irish 865 ; , 
 
 German 467 
 
 Colored 574 
 
 Total population, 1863 6,475 
 
 Total population, 1865 7,700 
 
 In the same year a Norwegian name unknown asked the privilege of estab- 
 lishing a brewery within the city limits. 
 
 It was in this year that the rumblings of the Civil War were first heard. 
 
 .' GALESBURG IN THE CIVIL WAR 
 
 Overt acts were committed by the south at different points during the winter 
 of i86i and war began in earnest in the spring. The pressure was immediately 
 felt by the families of the men who had volunteered to defend the nation. On 
 Nov. 19, i86i, the council voted an allowance of thirty to forty cents a day for 
 each man regularly certified. An appropriation of $5,000.00 had been made for 
 this purpose in the tax levy of April 19, i86i. The young city did her full share. 
 In January, 1865 when the government wanted to close the war with a mighty 
 dash and called loudly for additional troops, the council offered a bounty of 
 $500.00 to include the $300.00 offered for the first sixteen men who would volun- 
 teer. This action was rescinded when it was learned that the quota required of 
 the city was much larger than supposed and it was voted to have placed to the 
 credit of the township sixty volunteers and pay each $200.00. The city guaran- 
 
^ A. .. -. 
 
 7: 
 X 
 
 X 
 
 X 
 
HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY 401 
 
 teed to protect any person against the draft who would pay to tfie city treasurer ..:.' 
 
 on or before February 25th, the amount assessed against him by the township - 
 
 committee, the township to procure thirty additional volunteers. The collapse of - 
 
 the rebellion came April, 1865, and August, 1865 the council voted to take no ;- ^ 
 
 further action upon the subject of bounties except the payment of $50 to Samuel ; > 
 
 Stevens as a deserved gratuity by virtue of his intentions and losses subject to . 
 
 enlistment. ' : 
 
 February I2th, 1866, the clerk reported that Galesburg had expended $16,660 -;> v 
 
 on account of the war. ' ^.. ' ;;; 
 
 November i8, 1863, the council voted to pay $12.00 per month while in the . , 
 service of the United States under the call for 300,000 men then made. Mayor 
 
 Dunn was absent and upon his return, declined to sign the resolution and returned \.: 
 
 it with his endorsement "I hope the council will reconsider the order for bounty - '; 
 
 for volunteers, I am afraid it will entail a heavy expense on the city and at the ^ : . 
 
 same time fail to secure the desired object." At the next meeting, December 7th, . .f-: 
 
 he oflfered his resignation which was laid upon the table until called up for fur- .JJ 
 
 ther consideration. Under Timothy Nash, acting mayor, the council continued to : ;-.=; 
 
 vote bounties and do everything possible to keep Galesburg's quota of soldiers ; - 
 
 full. -,;,. -. :;-v,.. ..,;:.:..-,.,-,.. .V7V/^: 
 
 ;;';'"'.;,;;'; '^::.'V^ .':.':/:'''"' THE NEW CHARTER / ^'.^ ''.''''" '"' '''::-" 
 
 ; May 15, 1876, Mr. Sanderson (Henry R.) introduced a resolution directing the :.'; 
 mayor to give notice at once for an election, submitting the question to a vote of \^ 
 the people: "Shall this city become incorporated under the general law of this .-. 
 
 state." The motion was laid upon the table until next regular meeting. It was :.; 
 
 called up on June lo. The resolution was amended so as to read "and that the ' 
 
 time for holding such election be fixed on the 3d Monday on the I7th of July," M ' 
 and in that form it was passed. '.. ! 
 
 The vote in the affirmative was carried by a majority of 220. The licensing of : ' S ~ 
 
 dram shops was permitted under the new charter and an ordinance to that effect /', ; ji:; 
 
 was passed April 9, 1877. Other changes were made. On May i, 1882, the city ;>'./.-> 
 
 attorney was instructed to prepare an ordinance providing that the offices of city ::'/,.; 
 and town clerk shall be united in the same person and that the offices of supervisor ; '-J, 
 and poor master shall be separated, and the poor master appointed by the city 
 
 council. The next year the offices of treasurer and town collector were united. :'-; . 
 
 ;'':';:: ;';-;':':;//';;, x. :r: '> :-..: .,::,,..' POLICE DEPARTMENT ' "x^ V':-:-';'f ;.;-;,..:. '.:''" C' 
 
 .-y This department consisted of a constable only at the start. The clerk's record j- r 
 shows that on June 2, 1856, a police force was established consisting of five men ., 
 to be selected by Constable Wilsey, whose duties shall be "to arrest all disorderly v; 
 
 persons and such other duties in the premises as is usually performed by such 
 officers." A year later a police department was established by ordinance consist- ' v 
 ing of the mayor, marshal and such policemen as then were or may thereafter be y .: 
 appointed. Two years later it was voted that the services of the police be dis- -/.ri' 
 pensed with from and after this date and until further order from the city council. V 
 
 VoU 1 M .-;. 
 
402 ' HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY 
 
 Today the police department of the city comprises the mayor as head over all, 
 the chief of police, the desk sergeant and six patrolmen. Exclusive of the mayor, 
 the annual salaries aggregate something over $6,7OO.cx). Attached to the depart- 
 ment is a fine ambulance, a good patrol wagon, and a good team of horses, the 
 upkeep of which is about $2CX) per annum. ;: . 
 
 . - ' ''. . . . FIRE DEPARTMENT ; "' ''' -.^^ '''.^- ^'^'''..\''-: ^, 
 
 ''. ', - ' . - , ' - ''' ' .'.'1 _ '. ..''."* ' '''"' ..;. 
 
 This department is the joy of the small boy, the comfort of the adult and the 
 pride of all good citizens. It is generally believed that Galesburg has the best fire 
 department of any city of like size in the state. It had its origin in an old- 
 fashioned volunteer fire brigade. 
 
 On Feb. 5, 1858, the city council called upon all good citizens of Galesburg to 
 call at the council room of the city and enroll themselves members of a volunteer 
 bucket company, each agreeing to keep a bucket for the special purpose, and hold 
 himself in readiness to attend all fires in the city and, at the same time it was 
 ordered that an ordinance for the organization of a fire department be prepared. 
 The ordinance provided that the department consist of an engineer, two assistant 
 engineers, a city fire warden and such fire engine men, hose men, hook and 
 ladder, ax and saw men and bucket company men as may from time to time be 
 approved by the council, and when so approved, and not otherwise, they shall be 
 enrolled as members of the fire department, the aldermen to be ex-officio fire 
 wardens of their respective wards. Forty-five names were subscribed to the en- 
 rollment. Among the subscribers were the following: ' -1: .i-'j ' 
 
 B. O. Carr, J. B. Boggs, George Ekins, O. B. Judson, A. S. Hoover, Chas. L. 
 Stevens, S. B. Hoisington, Geo. Davis, Nelson Finch, A. E. Higgins, E. Benner, 
 G. C. Lanphere, J. F. Edgerton. The only persons among the above now living 
 are : B. O. Carr, O. B. Judson and S. B. Hoisington. It is believed this was the 
 first systematic eflfort to secure a fire department although in June, 1856, authority ; 
 was voted to purchase a fire engine and hose suitable to the town, and there must 
 have been some way of operating it. The greatest difficulty was the lack of water. 
 The only source of supply were private wells. George W. Brown & Co. had a 
 well which they thought inexhaustible and The Frost Manufacturing Co. had one, 
 but the area over which these two could be made servicable was very limited. A 
 large cistern was dug one block east of the Brown factory and another one near 
 the Frost company's works. These cisterns were kept full from the two wells. A 
 fire district was reached by water pipes that were connected with or rather served 
 by these two cisterns. But such service was necessarily very imperfect. In 1870 
 there was a movement in the council for the purchase of a steam fire engine. The 
 better judgment prevailed and nothing was done. The fire apparatus already 
 owned was equal to the water supply. In 1879 the city purchased a fine chemical 
 engine which did excellent service until the construction of the present system of 
 water works. With the finding of plenty of water the fire department of Gales- 
 burg began to grow and today it is one of the most efficient that can be found. 
 The central station is located on the south side of Simmons street between Prairie 
 and Cherry streets. It is fitted up in the most up-to-date style. There are 5,000 
 telephones that may be used to notify central in case of fire. In case of alarm 
 
H. R. SAXDERSOX 
 
402 - HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY ; ^. > 
 
 Today the police department of the city comprises the mayor as head over all, 
 the chief of police, the desk sergeant and six patrolmen. Exclusive of the mayor, 
 the annual salaries aggregate something over $6,700.00. Attached to the depart- 
 ment is a fine ambulance, a good patrol wagon, and a good team of horses, the 
 upkeep of which is about $200 per annum. . 
 
 ; ;, FIRE DEPARTMENT ' 
 
 This department is the joy of the small boy, the comfort of the adult and the 
 pride of all good citizens. It is generally believed that Galesburg has the best fire 
 department of any city of like size in the state. It had its origin in an old- 
 fashioned volunteer fire brigade. 
 
 On Feb. 5, 1858, the city council called upon all good citizens of Galesburg to 
 call at the council room of the city and enroll themselves members of a volunteer 
 bucket company, each agreeing to keep a bucket for the special purpose, and hold 
 himself in readiness to attend all fires in the city and, at the same time it was 
 ordered that an ordinance for the organization of a fire department be prepared. 
 The ordinance provided that the department consist of an engineer, two assistant 
 engineers, a city fire warden and such fire engine men, hose men, hook and 
 ladder, ax and saw men and bucket company men as may from time to time be 
 approved by the council, and when so approved, and not otherwise, they shall be 
 enrolled as members of the fire department, the aldermen to be ex-officio fire 
 wardens of their respective wards. Forty-five names were subscribed to the en- 
 rollment. Among the subscribers were the following: ' : j 
 
 B. O. Carr, J. B. Boggs, George Ekins. O. B. Judson, A. S. Hoover, Chas. L, 
 Stevens, S. B. Hoisington. Geo. Davis, Nelson Finch, A. E. Higgins, E. Benner, 
 G. C. Lanphere. J. F. Edgerton. The only persons among the above now living 
 are : B. O. Carr, O. B. Judson and S. B. Hoisington. It is believed this was the 
 first systematic effort to secure a fire department although in June, 1856, authority 
 was voted to purchase a fire engine and hose suitable to the town, and there must 
 have been some way of operating it. The greatest difficulty was the lack of water. 
 The only source of supply were private wells. George W. Brown & Co. had a 
 well which they thought inexhaustible and The Frost Manufacturing Co. had one. 
 but the area over which these two could be made servicable was very limited. A 
 large cistern was dug one block east of the Brown factory and another one near 
 the Frost company's works. These cisterns were kept full from the two wells. A 
 fire district was reached by water pipes that were connected with or rather served 
 by these two cisterns. But such service was necessarily very imperfect. In 1870 
 there was a movement in the council for the purchase of a steam fire engine. The 
 better judgment prevailed and nothing was done. The fire apparatus already 
 owned was equal to the water supply. In 1879 the city purchased a fine chemical 
 engine which did excellent service until the construction of the present system of 
 water works. With the finding of plenty of water the fire department of Gales- 
 burg began to grow and today it is one of the most efficient that can be found. 
 The central station is located on the south side of Simmons street between Prairie 
 and Cherry streets. It is fitted up in the most up-to-date style. There are 5,000 
 telephones that may be used to notify central in case of fire. In case of alarm 
 
H. K. SAXDKUSd.V 
 
HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY ;;::.' 403 
 
 the central telephone station starts everything working by electricity. It lights the 
 building, rings all the bells, releases the horses, opens the doors and the depart- 
 ment is ready to rush to a fire in ten to fifteen seconds. There are two outside 
 stations one on Maple avenue, near the Bateman school house, and one on the 
 corner of East Brooks street and Churchill avenue. The department has fourteen 
 fine horses, one aerial truck, 65 feet high, which can be used as a water tower, 
 one steam fire engine, one chemical double 60 gallon cylinder engine, two com- 
 bination hose and chemical engines, with 50 gallon tanks, 550 feet of hose, and 
 one fire chief buggy. All of this apparatus is in first class condition and is kept 
 clean and neat by the men. The roster of men includes the fire chief, one assistant 
 fire chief, three captains and sixteen privates. These men all undergo frequent 
 thorough examinations to test their efficiency in every duty they have to perform, 
 including, of course, localities. Every man must know without asking the shortest 
 route to every locality in the city and must also know the nearest hydrants to the 
 place where the fire is. The equipment is ample, the discipline is perfect. 
 
 '-I' -'''.:'-' ^''- ''''''--'. '',':^: WATER DEPARTMENT .^ ;'.' X/ "" 
 
 It has already been stated that the water supply was very inadequate to the 
 necessity of the city, and that private wells and large reservoirs, in the shape of 
 cisterns, located at different points, were resorted to. These cisterns were kept 
 filled with water as storage for use in case of fire, but the city council became un- 
 easy and dissatisfied with this meagre chest for a water supply. There was a spot 
 south of Main street and lying on both sides of Henderson street that seemed to 
 be yielding a great deal of water. A small artificial lake had been constructed 
 there and was supplied with water that seeped into it from all directions. It was 
 believed that this locality would furnish all the water that the city needed. A com- 
 mittee of the council had recommended the purchase of a part of this ground, but 
 the proposition did not carry. 
 
 In 1883, a Mr. Nathan Shelton came to Galesburg and convinced the council 
 that he could procure a sufficient supply of water by sinking a large well just west 
 of the Burlington track, in the valley of Cedar Fork. A contract to that effect 
 was made with Mr. Shelton who went ahead and sunk the well, laid water mains, 
 constructed a standpipe and engine house and purchased all of the old water mains 
 then owned by the city and, in fact, did everything necessary so far as construc- 
 tion was concerned to make a complete system of water works. In December, 
 1883, he gave notice to the city that he had assigned his franchises, etc., to the 
 Galesburg Water Co., incorporated under the laws of Illinois, and further that the 
 hydrants as listed in the notice were ready for use. 
 
 It soon began to appear that the water works would be without water before 
 very long, and the council began to inquire what could be done to relieve the situ- 
 ation. Various notices were made but it finally came to the point where the city 
 declared the contract forfeited, and instructed the water committee to disconnect 
 the old water mains, formally owned by the city, from the Shelton works, and 
 fall back upon the old water supply, and, at the same time, the council instructed 
 the city attorney together with added counsel to begin at once the necessary legal 
 
404 HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY 
 
 proceedings to annul the contract with the Galesburg Water Company, on the 
 ground of insufficiency in quality and quantity of water furnished. 
 
 On June i, 1885, Alderman Easier introduced an ordinance repealing the 
 ordinance providing for a supply of water to the city of Galesburg and authorizing 
 Nathan Shelton or assigns to construct and maintain water works. The repealing 
 ordinance was put upon its passage and was passed by the following vote : 
 
 Yeas : Easier, Hamblin, Shaw, Anderson, Johnson, Overstreet, Erooks, 
 Crocker, Drury, Moulton, Waste and Huston, 12. Nays: Hammond. Absent: 
 Kennedy. 
 
 At the same time the city attorney was authorized to take such legal steps as 
 he may deem necessary. To have declared null and void any and all rights 
 granted under, and by, virtue of an ordinance passed May 12, 1883, in relation to 
 water works and to employ legal assistance if necessary. 
 
 This case was fought strenuously, from the Circuit Court through the 
 Supreme court of the state and the Supreme court of the United States, and the 
 decision was uniformly in favor of the city, and by this decision every cent of 
 valuation in $125,000 of water bonds was eliminated. 
 
 The city then began to consider the question of a water supply in earnest. 
 The tract of land above referred to, which had been known as Crystal Springs 
 property, lay on the south side of Main street and on each side of Henderson 
 street, was again examined. It was finally voted to purchase a certain part of that 
 property. A test had been made and it was found that the water supply appeared 
 to be ample. 
 
 The city had repurchased from the Galesburg Water Co., the old Shelton 
 works for a very reasonable sum. It was decided to erect the necessary buildings, 
 pumps, etc., upon the property purchased for that purpose, and sink a series of 
 wells from which water would be pumped and delivered, not only to reservoirs, 
 but directly to the mains. The works were completed and the supply has been 
 quite fit up to the present time. Additional ground has been purchased, additional 
 wells were sunk and the quality of water has been first class and the quantity not 
 ample but adequate. The wells which were first sunk have been abandoned. Other 
 wells have been sunk and today the supply is better than ever before. 
 
 A brief abstract from the engineer's report, for the year 1910, will close this 
 account and give a very clear idea of what there is today. 
 
 ^'^^v^ 'i ::.. SOURCE OF SUPPLY '\-';,v'>ry':':v:V. ^!-^>"v:^v' 
 
 The water for the city of Galesburg and the residents thereof is secured from 
 six 8-inch wells and from one lo-inch well, at an average depth of 80 feet, and 
 three artesian wells at a depth of 1,225 feet. 
 
 The manner of pumping the 8 and lo-inch wells is by an Impellor type of 
 pump, and by means of the air-compressor for the artesian wells. 
 
 During the past year we have put down four 8-inch wells and, with the one 
 just completed on the reservoir bank, making a total of seven wells. ,.; 
 
THE CENTRAL FIRE STATION 
 Located on Simmons Street, between Cherry and Prairie Streets. Erected, 1905-6. Value, $30,000. 
 
404 :-: HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY - ^;.: 
 
 proceedings to annul the contract with the Galesburg Water Company, on the 
 ground of insufficiency in quality and quantity of water furnished. -^ | 
 
 On June i, 1885, Alderman Easier introduced an ordinance repealing the 
 ordinance providing for a supply of water to the city of Galesburg and authorizing 
 Nathan Shelton or assigns to construct and maintain water works. The repealing 
 ordinance was put upon its passage and was passed by the following vote: t 
 
 Yeas: Easier, Hamblin, Shaw, Anderson, Johnson, Overstreet, Brooks, 
 Crocker, Drury, Moulton, Waste and Huston, 12. Nays: Hammond. Absent: 
 Kennedy. 
 
 At the same time the city attorney was authorized to take such legal steps as 
 he may deem necessary. To have declared null and void any and all rights 
 granted under, and by, virtue of an ordinance passed May 12, 1883, in relation to 
 water works and to employ legal assistance if necessary. 
 
 This case was fought strenuously, from the Circuit Court through the 
 Supreme court of the state and the Supreme court of the United States, and the 
 decision was uniformly in favor of the city, and by this decision every cent of 
 valuation in $i25.cxx) of water bonds was eliminated. 
 
 The city then began to consider the question of a water supply in earnest. 
 The tract of land above referred to, which had been known as Crystal Springs 
 property, lay on the south side of Main street and on each side of Henderson 
 street, was again examined. It was finally voted to purchase a certain part of that 
 property. A test had been made and it was found that the water supply appeared 
 to be ample. 
 
 The city had repurchased from the Galesburg Water Co., the old Shelton 
 works for a very reasonable sum. It was decided to erect the necessary buildings, 
 pumps, etc., upon the property purchased for that purpose, and sink a series of 
 wells from which water would be pumped and delivered, not only to reservoirs, 
 but directly to the mains. The works were completed and the supply has been 
 quite fit up to the present time. Additional ground has been purchased, additional 
 wells were sunk and the quality of water has been first class and the quantity not 
 ample but adequate. The wells which were first sunk have been abandoned. Other 
 wells have been sunk and today the supply is better than ever before. 
 
 A brief abstract from the engineer's report, for the year 1910, will close this 
 account and give a very clear idea of what there is today. 
 
 - . / ; SOURCE OF SUPPLY / / : 
 
 The water for the city of Galesburg and the residents thereof is secured from 
 six 8-inch wells and from one loinch well, at an average depth of 80 feet, and 
 three artesian wells at a depth of 1,225 feet. 
 
 The manner of pumping the 8 and lo-inch wells is by an Impellor type of 
 pump, and by means of the air-compressor for the artesian wells. 
 
 During the past year we have put down four 8-inch wells and, with the one 
 just completed on the reservoir bank, making a total of seven wells. 
 
- . - -. ': ^ -. THE CENTRAL FIRE STATION "."''':' , 
 
 Located on Simmons Street, between Cherry and Prairie Streets. Erected, lit05-G. X'alue, $30,000. 
 
, : .:;;>'; HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY f 406 
 
 -;X/: -^li^^O V-.\.';.:'o AMOUNT OF WATER PUMPED ; ' . 
 
 The air compressor has not been running continuously, but when in operation 
 it pumps 215 gallons per minute. Two of the 8-inch wells are pumping an average 
 of 500 gallons a minute each, and the remaining five wells are pumping an average 
 of 200 gallons a minute each. 
 
 If all the wells should be operated for twenty-four hours, two and one-half 
 million gallons would be pumped. The average number of wells in operation for 
 the year is four, at an average of eighteen hours a day. 
 
 From the above it will be seen that we are pumping at least one and one-half 
 million gallons daily. As a result it has been determined that the whole cost of 
 pumping water by the air compressor is at the rate of 2^ cents per i,ooo gallons, 
 and the cost of pumping with two Impellor pumps, in the pasture east of Hender- 
 son street, is four mills per thousand gallons. A test on the Impellor pumps near 
 the station would make as favorable a showing, but would show a cost per one 
 thousand gallons for less than shown by the air compressor. 
 
 The statement of receipts and expenditures is as follows : 
 
 ^^ Total receipts $30,204.70 
 
 ' Total expenditures 27,149.82 
 
 : Balance 3,054.88 
 
 There are today in the city 40^4 miles of water mains, comprising pipes vary- 
 ing in diameter from 4 inches to 24 inches. There are 420 fire hydrants in the 
 city. The total value of this pipe including all hydrants, valves, specials, material 
 and labor is $20,021.75. The average domestic pressure maintained during the 
 past year has been fifty pounds which has been giving satisfaction. The ordinary 
 fire pressure maintained is 120 pounds. The analysis of the water from the 
 director of state water sufficiently shows that the same is safe for drinking pur- 
 poses. / ; /i.'v-' \ '';.. :'':'-^ . ;V J." - '. 
 :.-..-;.;,;.. .';;:-.;...;.' .'^>^;..:-v.;v ;. ''. .':;:"-.'^- ^;:;;,\ 
 
 -:/'': .'^''' ,'-'.:...''''- ;-^'''/v''. STREET CAR LINES '''.-'''- '/ ' ''' ' 
 
 In the fall of 1871, a petition had been filed with the city council by a company 
 known as the Galesburg Horse Railway Co., for an ordinance granting the use of 
 the streets of the city of Galesburg for the purpose of said horse railway. Be- 
 fore any definite action had been taken. Ceo. W. Brown, who at that time manu- 
 factured farm implements, at the corner of Kellogg and Simmons streets, also 
 asked the privilege of constructing a horse railway, for freight purposes, from the 
 Burlington freight depot to his shops at the aforesaid location, and upon reaching 
 Simmons street to go westward as far as West street. This would accommodate 
 the Frost Manufacturing Co., who were located at the latter point. 
 
 On November 15, of that year, an ordinance was introduced permitting George 
 W. Brown, and others, to construct the street railway as asked for, going one block 
 further to Academy street, provided it shall be constructed within one year. 
 
 There was opposition to this railway, called for by Geo. W. Brown Co., and 
 the road was never constructed. 
 
 Under the ordinance granting the horse railway company the right to lay tracks 
 in the streets of Galesburg, about ten rods of track in Broad street just south of 
 
406 ' . HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY '4 .V; 
 
 the line leading to Burlington, Iowa, was constructed, and an old street car was 
 put upon it which was supposed to be equivalent to take possession of the streets 
 of the city, under their charter and the ordinance. 
 
 It was all that was done for several years until the organization of the Street 
 Railway Co., that actually did take possession of the streets and operate a line of 
 cars. , '/"./ '';'.'--'-V'-'.:';'.'^"^- /'- --'^ ,'' '' |'/"-0-' 
 
 The petition of the Geo. W. Brown Co. in regard to a horse railway was 
 obtained by a track from the Burlington Co., across Chamber street between Main 
 and Mulberry and across Seminary street near the west end of Mulberry, and 
 across Kellogg, opposite the corn planter works. ' - 
 
 . The company which finally started operations obtained a franchise of January 
 5, 1885. The incorporators were : 
 
 Lake W. Sanborn, J. K. Mitchell, Asa A. Matteson, E. E. Eosdick, W. L. 
 Gansing, William Kellogg, C. D. Lusk, W. L. Garrison, E. O. Flood, and George 
 Clayton. '. . '^ ''' ^;-':'- .-'-''''>'.'';;' 
 
 The corporated name of this company was known as the College City Street 
 Railway Co. This railway company is now controlled by the McKinley Syndicate, 
 and is a part of this system. 
 
 ;.:.''-;;. , ' r RAILROADS '^ /^V:'. ',;'''';/-' V\'-V'-\- '' 
 
 The history of the C., B. & Q. Railroad Co., will show pretty fully how rail- ' 
 roads were introduced into the city of Galesburg, but there were some things done 
 by the city council which are worthy of note. .;:.';'. I :/ 
 
 At that time it seemed that the Rock Island road was presenting the most 
 favorable opportunity for an outlook from Galesburg to Chicago, and the Central 
 Military Tract road was organized with that thought in view although they sub- 
 sequently made connection with another company at Mendota. 
 
 ''A resolution was introduced into the city council on March 25, 1852, which 
 reads very strangely today, and is as follows : 
 
 Resolved, That the Central Military Tract Railroad Co., be, and they are here- 
 by authorized and empowered to occupy so much of Broad street as may be neces- 
 sary for the construction and permanent location of the said railroad, commencing 
 at the south side of the public square and running north to fhe line of the corpora-; - 
 tion. The free right of way in that part of said street being hereby granted to 
 the said company, provided that if it shall be found necessary to widen any part 
 of said street, the same shall be done by the company free of expense to the town. 
 And be it further . ;: ' . .'-^ ;^:^ v : . , ;5:;: u ; j ' ' v 
 
 Resolved, That the said railroad company be and hereby are allowed the free 
 use of so much of the public square as may be necessary upon which to construct 
 a passenger depot, the same being subject to such regulation and restrictions as the 
 president and trustees may hereafter see fit to impose. 
 
 Today we can hardly suppose what might have happened if that proposition 
 had been accepted. The beautiful Broad street of today would not be in existence 
 and to make room for the depot, on the public square, which is now being 
 erected would, of course, entirely change the map of the city. We may wonder 
 how little thought was, at that time, given to the future. Instead of a tract of land 
 
'^- ^: y/V : - : V ' ^^ HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY '^I'S;;: _. . 407 
 
 of the size of the public square being used for depot purposes, we now have Burl- .i;;^^ 
 ington company occupying several hundred acres for depot grounds and switch- .. 
 yards. '''' 
 
 In 1857, a mass meeting of the citizens of Galesburg called upon the city-; .- 
 council to subscribe $30,000 to the stock of the Alton & Rock Island road, which f.. .; 
 when amended with a provision that the railroad actually come to Galesburg, was ';; . 
 passed. In the summer of 1857, an election was held in the city of Galesburg, at 
 which it was voted that the city subscribe $35,ocx) for the stock of the Alton & Rock - .' 
 Island R. R. The number of votes in the affirmative was 500, the number against, ; 
 I. Later in May 1870, the council voted to call a special election to vote upon the ,,' 
 proposition of the city taking $100,000 stock of the proposed Court Creek Rail- >: 
 road company, which, of course, never materialized. ... .. ,; ' 
 
 v^-.-'^^ --^ .-.;. -.'V;v-;,v-- ':-:''- :'.'r.' -.' '^:^--':U--' '-:.-^'- .^ '.-/.:'.' 
 
 :'';.-'..;;'::.-'':'-'"'',;./' ;'::.x--- CITY BUILDINGS './-'.... /.'^^ / " ' ' "''.'- -"',-.' 
 
 The city of Galesburg never owned a city hall or fire department buildings .^ 
 until recently. They had a building on Prairie street that answered the purpose. ;/,, 
 It owned a lot on Cherry street that answered for a city prison, but in 1895 action ''. 
 was taken that has resulted in a very fine improvement. ';;;. 
 
 Alderman Griffith on June 19, 1905, moved that it be the order of the ' ; 
 council that the finance committee and city attorney draft an ordinance for the 
 balance of $70,000 city bonds, and be used for the purchase of site and erecting 
 city hall, police and patrol stations and fire department building. ' , 
 
 On July 3, 1905, Alderman Griffith presented an ordinance in accordance with ' ;' 
 the foregoing motion. On July 17, the building committee recommended that 'V 
 plans be drawn by J. G. Beadle for the fire station, police and patrol stations, ; - 
 which was adopted, that plans of Architect William Wolfe for the city hall be ' 
 adopted. -: ' 
 
 The contract for the fire station was let to Peter T. Olson, for $27,373, includ- . ; 
 ing the building and all fixtures, except heating ; the construction of the city prison 
 was let to P. T. Olson, for $11,227, including all fixtures, except cages, iron 
 doors, and fixtures belonging thereto, and the patrol station was let to M. E. '. 
 Sweeney, for $7,900, including all fixtures. 
 
 ' On September 20, it was ordered that the contract for the new city hall be let V; 
 to Davidson & Rundquist, for $34,000, except marble work, hardware, steam- 
 heating and gas fixtures. ,j 
 
 These buildings were all completed and are now in excellent shape. . ; - . 
 
 The first meeting held in the new council chamber was in Aug. 6, 1906. -, - .v: : . ' 
 
 ''\ '.'.v' '':''''' ^'''-. LIBRARY BUILDING "''..; -. :';;/>"' ^:;'-;.v ^J.-i-''-'^'-'^^ '. 
 
 Soon after the city assumed the care and responsibility for the upkeep of a '- 
 Young Men's Library Association, and opened it, for the people, as a free public ?.v . 
 library, the movement for a new library building began. ^ 
 
 On June 5, 1882, Hon. T. J. Hale appeared before the council and stated that ; .. , 
 the library board desired to secure the consent of the majority of the voters of "- - 
 the city for an additional appropriation for the construction of a library building. . . 
 
;iV40e ; HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY 
 
 - Three days later, Alderman Boggs offered a resolution that it is the sense of the 
 
 /' council that if a majority of the voters petition this council for an appropriation 
 
 for a library building, this council will appropriate $5,000. Nothing was accom- 
 , ; . plished at that time. 
 
 : On February 5, 1894, Alderman Mack introduced preamble and resolution 
 
 ; suggesting to the directors of the public library the making of plans and the 
 
 : C adoption of such measures as are required by law for the erection of a public 
 
 library building in the city of Galesburg, and that the same be presented to the 
 
 ,: city council as soon as possible for consideration, which was adopted. 
 
 On July i6, 1894, the finance committee presented to the council a copy of the 
 
 ' record of the board of directors, of the public library, for adoption, providing for 
 
 ' a public library building in the city of Galesburg, together with the estimate 
 
 .: j that the cost of grounds and building, including shelving, racks, table, etc., etc., 
 
 shall be the sum of $50,000, and that the board has determined that the time over 
 
 which the collections of the costs of said building shall be spread be four years, 
 thus collecting $12,500 per annum. The record was approved and adopted. 
 
 On April 22, 1895, the first installment of $12,500, was appropriated for the 
 ; library. The full amount voted by the council was collected and a building begun 
 in the fall of 1900. 
 
 The library board called upon Mr. Andrew Carnegie for a gift of $50,000 for 
 
 the library building, which in February, 1901, was promised on condition that 
 the city agreed to raise $5,000 annually for the keeping up of the library, and 
 further to furnish a proper building site. This the council promptly responded to 
 in the affirmative. ' 
 
 A location for the library building had been purchased out of the first moneys 
 ' :/. received for that purpose, situated at the corner of Ferris and Prairie streets. 
 ? This location was not thought desirable by the board of directors in the year 1899, 
 ; and a new location was selected and purchased at the corner of Broad and Sim- 
 mons streets where it now stands. The former location was regarded as too far 
 ) from the public schools and the ground was not considered large enough. The 
 : present building is exactly the same size as the first lot that was purchased, and 
 .' contrary to expectations, the patronage of the library has been such that a move- 
 ; . ment for enlargement will probably begin in the near future. 
 . X There are today in the public library about 40,000 volumes. The annual ex- 
 
 penditure for magazines and newspapers is about $400. The number of people 
 employed at the library is eight. The number of books delivered and used in ref- 
 
 ,. erence work is about 150,000 annually. 
 
 ': -'V.' :. ' ", '"'':.:''-;,!;'.;; WORKHOUSE :;;C' 
 
 The question of putting petty criminals at work has been before the city 
 
 . , ' council of Galesburg, as well as the board of supervisors of Knox county, for a 
 
 ;. good many years. The two boards have had several conventions through their 
 
 ; . ; respective committees to bring about some arrangement whereby the petty crim- 
 
 ; inals of the two jurisdictions could be put to work. First, to pay their fines, and 
 
 ' second it was believed in both boards that it was vastly better for the man to set 
 
 :: him to work than to keep him in idleness. The matter seems first to have come 
 
5 3 
 
 1- 
 
 e >t/J 
 
 w 
 
 ?-." K 
 c 3 a. M 
 
 B r- X 
 
 S"! 
 
 > 
 
 r.n! z 
 
 If I 
 
 "C ^ 
 
 rt 3 ^ 
 
 30. " 
 
\ HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY ; ' 
 
 Three days later, Alderman Boggs offered a resolution that it is the sense of the 
 council that if a majority of the voters petition this council for an appropriation 
 for a library building, this council will appropriate $5,ocx). Nothing was accom- 
 plished at that time. 
 
 On February 5, 1894, Alderman Mack introduced preamble and resolution 
 suggesting to the directors of the public library the making of plans and the 
 adoption of such measures as are required by law for the erection of a public 
 library building in the city of Galesburg, and that the same be presented to the 
 city council as soon as possible for consideration, which was adopted. 
 
 On July 1 6, 1894, the finance committee presented to the council a copy of the 
 record of the board of directors, of the public library, for adoption, providing for 
 a public library building in the city of Galesburg, together with the estimate 
 that the cost of grounds and building, including shelving, racks, table, etc., etc., 
 shall be the sum of $50,000, and that the board has determined that the time over 
 which the collections of the costs of said building shall be spread be four years, 
 thus collecting $12,500 per annum. The record was approved and adopted. ', . 
 
 On April 22, 1895, the first installment of $12,500, was appropriated for the 
 library. The full amount voted by the council was collected and a building begun 
 in the fall of 1900. 
 
 ': The library board called upon Mr. Andrew Carnegie for a gift of $50,000 for 
 the library building, which in February, 1901, was promised on condition that 
 the city agreed to raise $5,000 annually for the keeping up of the library, and 
 further to furnish a proper building site. This the council promptly responded to 
 in the affirmative. 
 
 ; A location for the library building had been purchased out of the first moneys 
 received for that purpose, situated at the corner of Ferris and Prairie streets. 
 This location was not thought desirable by the board of directors in the year 1899, 
 and a new location was selected and purchased at the corner of Broad and Sim- 
 mons streets where it now stands. The former location was regarded as too far 
 from the public schools and the ground was not considered large enough. The 
 present building is exactly the same size as the first lot that was purchased, and 
 contrary to expectations, the patronage of the library has been such that a move- 
 ment for enlargement will probably begin in the near future. 
 
 There are today in the public library about 40,000 volumes. The annual ex- 
 penditure for magazines and newspapers is about $400. The number of people 
 employed at the library is eight. The number of books delivered and used in ref- 
 erence work is about 150,000 annually. 
 
 V WORK HOUSE ' I ' 
 
 ' .*; , . . . I - , - . 
 
 The question of putting petty criminals at work has been before the city 
 council of Galesburg, as well as the board of supervisors of Knox county, for a 
 good many years. The two boards have had several conventions through their 
 respective committees to bring about some arrangement whereby the petty crim- 
 inals of the two jurisdictions could be put to work. First, to pay their fines, and 
 second it was believed in both boards that it was vastly better for the man to set 
 him to work than to keep him in idleness. The matter seems first to have come 
 
3 - 
 
 / ="0 -^ 
 
 5= 
 
 ti X 
 
 T - 
 
 ;;oQ 
 
 ts _ 
 
.: ;;:^.>\i HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY V 409 
 
 'y before the council on August 3, 1875, when a resolution to make all able-bodied 
 
 /- ,; men work out their fines was passed. It will be fotmd from the history of the 
 
 '' . county that the question was up several times after that, before anything definite 
 
 .;/ : was really accomplished. 
 
 :' J ;' On September 7, 1909, the mayor appointed a police committee as a special 
 
 -;'..-; committee to confer with a similar committee appointed by the board of super- 
 
 :^; i- visors, to consider the question of maintaining a stone pile for the use of the 
 
 ;. ^ county and the city. 
 
 :--.,' The next action on the part of the city was June 5, 1911, when Alderman 
 
 ;-;,: Gretta introduced an ordinance providing for the employment of persons com- 
 
 .V 7 mitted to the city prison for non-payment of fines for violation of city ordinances. 
 
 ;:>.': This ordinance was passed with a vote of 14 yeas. 
 
 fv:;. . On June 19, 1911, Alderman McFarland reported that he had secured option 
 
 ,, ; . : on a piece of land at the intersection of Main and Henderson streets for thirty 
 
 ; .. days. He moved that the city purchase the same and that the city clerk and mayor 
 
 ,. - - : be authorized to execute proper papers. Motion carried. 
 
 / V " On June 19, 1911, Alderman Gretta from the special committee on rock pile, 
 
 .';. moved that the city clerk be authorized to issue a warrant in payment of the city's 
 
 .. > share of the property (bought for a rock pile jointly between the county and the 
 
 ' . ,; city), on the direction of the police committee. This vote was carried. From this 
 
 it is seen that the question so long occupying the minds of the board of super- 
 
 :.' visors and the city council has been solved. 
 
 SALOON LICENSE ' :- ' ? 
 
 Few questions have occupied the minds of the city council of the city of Gales>- 
 burg more continuously than the saloon question, and a brief account of this matter 
 will probably be interesting. 
 
 In 1855, on March 7, the matter was brought before the council and the 
 attorney was requested to draw an ordinance declaring liquor shops, dram shops, 
 etc., of such character, a nuisance. An ordinance was presented and adopted on 
 June 20, 1855, providing "that no person shall within the limits of said town be 
 permitted to sell or offer for sale or give away any spirituous or fermented liquors, 
 any whiskey, rum, gin, brandy, wine, ale, beer, porter or cider, any measures of 
 said liquors or any alcoholic imitation of any of said liquors except for medicinal 
 purposes under the direction of a practicing physician, or for mechanical purposes 
 without having obtained a license to keep a grocery." 
 
 The following instance shows how the foregoing provision was lived up to. 
 
 On Nov. 13, 1855, it seems that a barrel of liquor had been taken upon an 
 execution to satisfy a fine against certain parties for committing an assault and 
 affray within the corporation of Galesburg. The liquor was to be sold. The 
 president of the corporation was instructed and authorized to purchase the said 
 whiskey and destroy the same. 
 
 On May 12, 1856, Mr. Young made application for a license to sell liquor, 
 whereupon it was voted to retain Messrs. Smith and Ford as attorneys for the 
 corporation and that they be instructed to prosecute all persons being complained 
 
410 HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY 
 
 of for selling liquor in violation of law. The petition was laid upon the table 
 August 5, 1856, but was again considered and granted Aug. ii, 1856. 
 
 In August, 1856, an ordinance was passed providing that any person found in- 
 toxicated within the city shall be deemed a nuisance. 
 
 On May ii, 1857, an ordinance against the sale of liquor and gaming was in- 
 troduced and unanimously adopted. The presence of both of said misdemeanors 
 was declared a nuisance. 
 
 Mr. S. A. Kingsbury who had been elected city attorney was asked by the city 
 council, on Sept. 14, 1857, to resign because he had not used due diligence in 
 prosecuting to conviction persons violating the ordinances of the city. 
 
 In 1883, the Burlington railroad people were about to begin the construction 
 of a new passenger depot upon block 6i, and they asked that lawful means be 
 taken to prevent the establishment of a saloon within two blocks of the depot. 
 
 In February, 1888, in compliance with a request from the president and secre- 
 tary of the W. C. T. U., the police committee recommended the passage of reso- 
 lutions giving the people of Galesburg the privilege of voting for or against the 
 license of saloons. The result of the election was a majority of votes in favor of 
 license. 
 
 A vote upon the question of local option was taken in the spring of 1908. It 
 carried by between 600 and 700 majority. Another vote was taken in the spring 
 of 1910, and local option again carried by something over 300 majority. The same 
 question was submitted to the voters of the city in the spring election of 1912, and 
 resulted in a majority between 200 and 300 in favor of license. 
 
 . :,. GENERAL IMPROVEMENTS ,';-.:: 
 
 There has always been an influence at work in the city of Galesburg that made 
 for better conditions, the same as is felt in all cities, and under this head it is 
 proposed briefly to state a few things that have been attempted by the council to 
 produce conditions that may be properly classed under the head of general im- 
 provements. 
 
 On August 1 6, 1851, an ordinance was passed by the village trustees, remov- 
 ing all slaughter houses beyond the limits of the city, provided that if the business 
 be carried on within the city, certain parts of the animals slaughtered must be 
 buried two feet beneath the surface of the ground. 
 
 In 1851, a resolution was passed calling for a meeting of the citizens at Palmer 
 A. Conger's tavern to consider the propriety of raising a tax for the improvement 
 of the town. At the same meeting an application was made for a permit to the 
 Robinson family to perform within the city. This was probably in the early days 
 of the great Robinson circus. 
 
 The tolling of the church bell was prohibited in 1856, on the occurrence of any 
 death. V ' ^: : 
 
 In April, 1857, Knox college asked that Tompkins street between Broad and 
 Cherry, be closed. There were remonstrances against this petition and it was 
 denied in consequence of no power in the city council to grant it. Of course it is 
 plain to see why the college made this request to close Tompkins street as it 
 would enlarge the area of ground that could be devoted to park purposes. 
 
GEORGE SANDERSON 
 
410 HISTORY OF KXOX COUNTY 
 
 of for selling liquor in violation of law. The petition was laid upon the table 
 August 5, 1836, but was again considered and granted Aug. ii, 1856. . .. 
 
 In August, 1856, an ordinance was passed providing that any person found in- 
 toxicated within the city shall be deemed a nuisance. 
 
 On May ii. 1857, an ordinance against the sale of liquor and gaming was in- 
 troduced and unanimously adopted. The presence of both of said misdemeanors 
 was declared a nuisance. 
 
 Mr. S. A. Kingsbury who had been elected city attorney was asked by the city 
 council, on Sept. 14, 1857, to resign because he had not used due diligence in 
 prosecuting to conviction persons violating the ordinances of the city. 
 ; In 1883, the Burlington railroad people were about to begin the construction 
 of a new passenger depot upon block 6i, and they asked that lawful means be 
 taken to prevent the establishment of a saloon within two blocks of the depot. 
 
 In February, 1888, in compliance with a request from the president and secre- 
 tary of the \\'. C. T. U., the police committee recommended the passage of reso- 
 lutions giving the people of Galesburg the privilege of voting for or against the 
 license of saloons. The result of the election was a majority of votes in favor of 
 license. 
 
 A vote upon the question of local option was taken in the spring of 1908. It 
 carried by between 600 and 700 majority. Another vote was taken in the spring 
 of 1910, and local option again carried by something over 300 majority. The same 
 question was submitted to the voters of the city in the spring election of 1912, and 
 resulted in a majority between 200 and 300 in favor of license. 
 
 GENERAL IMPROVEMENTS ... 
 
 There has always been an influence at work in the city of Galesburg that made 
 for better conditions, the same as is felt in all cities, and under this head it is 
 proposed briefly to state a few things that have been attempted by the council to 
 produce conditions that may be properly classed under the head of general im- 
 provements. 
 
 On August 1 6, 1851, an ordinance was passed by the village trustees, remov- 
 ing all slaughter houses beyond the limits of the city, provided that if the business 
 be carried on within the city, certain parts of the animals slaughtered must be 
 buried two feet beneath the surface of the ground. 
 
 In 1851, a resolution was passed calling for a meeting of the citizens at Palmer 
 A. Conger's tavern to consider the propriety of raising a tax for the improvement 
 of the town. At the same meeting an application was made for a permit to the 
 Robinson family to perform within the city. This was probably in the early days 
 of the great Robinson circus. 
 
 The tolling of the church bell was prohibited in 1856, on the occurrence of any 
 death. 
 
 In April, 1857, Knox college asked that Tompkins street between Broad and 
 Cherry, be closed. There were remonstrances against this petition and it was 
 denied in consequence of no power in the city council to grant it. Of course it is 
 plain to see why the college made this request to close Tompkins street as it 
 would enlarge the area of ground that could be devoted to park purposes. 
 
HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY . ^ ;; 411 
 
 In the same year the city surveyor was asked to establish street grades. Also 
 a board of health was formed and their duties prescribed by ordinance. 
 
 All these arrangements were in accordance with a certain desire for that form 
 of improvement that would touch each individual and where it was calculated to 
 raise the general standard of thought and feeling on the part of the people of the 
 city. . ;; > 
 
 After the coming of the railroad, it was found that railroad time differed 
 somewhat from local time and adoption of railroad time was recommended by 
 the mayor and clerk and they also recommended an appropriation of $50.03 for 
 ringing the bell of the first church at 12 o'clock M. This, of course, was done to 
 enable people to keep up their time in harmony with the railroad time. The 
 recommendation was not concurred in. 
 
 In March, 1859, the city council closed that part of Broad street passing 
 through the park between Tompkins and South streets. This was a very proper 
 act on the part of the city. It permits the maintenance of a very beautiful park 
 and court house grounds, and traffic through that part of the city would not im- 
 prove appearances. 
 
 In 1864, a petition signed by a number of citizens was presented to the city 
 council and embracing quite another thing. It was asked that the city council 
 favor the enterprise for introducing gas into the city of Galesburg. The petition 
 was referred to a committee to report at the next meeting. The committee re- 
 ported that they could not obtajn said information on the subject, such as would 
 warrant them in recommending its introduction, but the committee would be glad 
 to hold a conference with the company proposing its introduction. 
 
 On July i8, 1866, the council passed the following resolution : 
 
 Resolved, That the Galesburg Gas Light & Coke Co., be permitted to erect 
 works and buildings on block 9, of this city, for the purpose of manufacturing gas 
 and coke and grant to said company all privileges usually granted by other cities 
 to gas light and coke companies. 
 
 The resolution was passed. Here is still another industry of considerable pro- 
 priety that was favored. 
 
 On April 12, 1860, Mr. G. Peterson was granted the privilege of erecting a 
 tannery on Cedar Fork, between Broad and Cedar streets, on condition that he 
 kept it nice and clean and free from reasonable objections of citizens in the 
 neighborhood. 
 
 Later in the year 1877, there began an effort to make improvements in our 
 streets, which has resulted in the paving with brick of so much of our city. Alder- 
 man Sanderson moved that Main street improvements be proceeded with on a 
 gravel basis and that the city engineer be instructed to report estimates of the 
 cost of improving the street in that manner and that cost of curb stones and good 
 substantial gutters be included. An ordinance was passed on September i, provid- 
 ing for the improvement of Main street with gravel, from the public square to 
 Kellogg street. Following this improvement came the improvement of Cherry 
 and Prairie streets, with gravel which, in a few years, was succeeded by brick. 
 
 The installation of free delivery of mail in the city of Galesburg necessitated 
 the posting of street names and house numbers and a communication from the 
 postmaster general to Postmaster Carr, of Feb. 24, 1883, encouraged the city 
 
412 ; HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY 
 
 authorities to complete this work as quickly as possible preparatory to the estab- 
 lishment of free postal delivery, April i, next. 
 
 The question of street lighting was considered in June, 1883, and on the 8th of 
 June an ordinance was passed by unanimous vote providing for the lighting of the 
 streets by electricity. 
 
 In February, 1906, it was voted to buy 78 acres of the Blue Farm at $115, as a 
 suburban park for the city of Galesburg, later something like 12 acres more was 
 purchased. It has been thought by many that this was an act of useless extrava- 
 gance on the part of the city. It it probable, however, that in time not only this 
 act of the council will be heartily endorsed but that other places will yet be 
 selected and purchased for park purposes. 
 
 It will be seen from the article in this history, upon the subject of the public 
 parks, that Galesburg is very much behind on that question, and that the cities of 
 the United States are generally poorly provided with places for the recreation of 
 the public. It goes without saying that the taste for matters of that kind is con- 
 stantly increasing and that in the not distant future the cities of America will be 
 well provided with parks for the recreation and pleasure of their people. 
 
 ;.- . THE GALESBURG HOSPITAL :^ : : ^ 
 
 The Galesburg Hospital was founded in 1891, and each year since then has 
 seen it expand in usefulness. It is situated on high and well drained premises on 
 North Seminary street in a quite part of the city, and yet within a few blocks of 
 the business center, and reached by street cars. Its environments are all that 
 could be desired. It is under the management of a board of fifteen directors, 
 chartered by the state, and with the mayor of the city as a member ex-officio. 
 
 It has been admitted to state registration as a well equipped and well managed 
 institution. K"^ ; ' 
 
 ; Characteristics of the hospital are the abundance of light and air, the excellent 
 ventilation, for every room is an outside room, and the modern type of all the 
 conveniences. 
 
 FOR WHOM MAINTAINED 
 
 The hospital is maintained for the reception and medical treatment of the sick 
 and injured and disabled of all classes of persons except those having contagious 
 diseases, and to maintain a training school for nurses. Since its erection many 
 hundreds of patients have been successfully treated at this hospital and it was 
 never so well equipped and efficiently administered as at present. It is prepared 
 to care for emergency cases of all descriptions. , . ., . .. . ., .... 
 
 . .' , GROWTH OF THE INSTITUTION. ^ v' -:';- ^-^ Vj.;': ^>- 
 
 During the last two years the capacity of the hospital has been increased by a 
 handsome new wing and a home for the nurses. This new wing is practically 
 fireproof, the fioors being of concrete, and the heating plant is in the fireproof 
 basement of this addition contributing much to the safety of the structure. The 
 home for the nurses is built with special reference to their comfort. 
 
HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY / 413 
 
 The main building was erected in 1891, and later the south wing was built witlt 
 the hope that this would meet the increasing demand. Within a few years the 
 capacity was found inadequate, which led to the erection of the new addition, 
 along lines that included the latest ideas of hospital construction. The entire 
 building is modern and furnished with all the modem conveniences. It has a 
 capacity for one hundred beds, including fifty private rooms. It is provided with 
 an electric elevator and is lighted with electricity. A sun room is one of the 
 features. For male patients convalescing there is a large, well lighted, comfortable 
 lounging room. 
 
 '': :,. . , .;V,f^ , , . THE TRAINING SCHOOL FOR NURSES ' X^C - 
 
 This department of the hospital is governed by a joint committee from the 
 board of trustees and the hospital staff. The directress of nurses has immediate 
 control and direction of the nurses, subject to the general authority of the super- 
 intendent of the hospital. Her authority extends over all that pertains to the dis- 
 cipline and duties of the nurses and pupils both in the hospital and the home, and 
 to their conduct at all times, as well as their instruction. V. .. 
 
 The home for pupil nurses occupies the extreme north wing of the last addi- 
 tion to the hospital building. The rooms are well lighted and heated and com- 
 fortably furnished. On the eastern exposure of this wing fronts the nurses' par- 
 lor, affording a beautiful furnished room for recreation and the reception of 
 friends. This portion of the building is connected with the hospital by corridors, 
 but otherwise is a separate part of the institution. 
 
 The school numbers about thirty pupils divided into preparatory, junior, inter- 
 mediate, and senior classes. 
 
 Candidates for admission must be between twenty and thirty-five years of age, 
 in good general health, free from physical deformities, and must have a high 
 school education or its equivalent. Married women are not accepted in the train- 
 ing school. 
 
 The full term is three years, of which three months are devoted to preparatory 
 work. All pupils must complete the full term and must devote their whole time 
 to the work, and must not allow outside interests to interfere in any way. Any 
 time that may be lost, except in vacations, must be made up at the end of the term. 
 In sickness, nurses are cared for by the hospital and attended by the hospital staff 
 so long as they remain at the hospital. 
 
 The school year begins the first Monday in October and ends the last Friday 
 in May. The course is comprehensive, and during the term five lectures a week 
 are given by the different members of the hospital staff, as well as the lectures and 
 demonstrations given by the superintendent, directress of nurses, and the surgical 
 nurse. Lectures on special subjects are also given at stated intervals during the 
 year. Practical and bedside instruction is given by the directress and surgical 
 nurse. Practical instruction in diets is given by the superintendent. 
 
 Pupil nurses receive no salary during their period of training, but after the 
 probation period of two months is passed an allowance of $5.00 per month is 
 made to each nurse for the purpose of supplying means for the purchase of 
 uniforms, books, etc. : 
 
414 HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY 
 
 Hours for recreation are provided for at the discretion of the directress of 
 nurses. When practicable, two hours each week day, one afternoon each week, 
 and three weeks' vacation each year will be allowed. 
 
 When the full term of three years is completed and the examinations satisfac- 
 torily passed, each nurse will receive a diploma. Graduate nurses are eligible, on 
 passing the required examination, to state registration. 
 
 .._ V^f ' . ' - ' '. THE MANAGEMENT ,"...';;:::;;'-' ^-:' /" '- > 
 
 V The internal management of the institution is under the administration of a 
 joint board representing the board of trustees and the physicians who give careful 
 attention to all questions arising from the care of patients. The training school 
 for nurses oflFers fine facilities for those desiring to master this profession, and 
 such is the standard that the graduates are now admitted on examination to state 
 registration. Being an incorporated institution, the hospital is subject to state 
 inspection, and has been found well equipped and managed. The medical staff of 
 ten physicians renders valuable assistance in the training school and along many 
 other lines. 
 
 :; ' THE SURGICAL DEPARTMENT : . '' ^ .^ '!; '^'' ; 'llf 
 
 The hospital is well equipped with all the appliances for successful surgical 
 operations. It has two operating rooms, furnished with all needed instruments. 
 Its X-ray machine is one of the best that money could purchase, and of the most 
 modern and effective kind. 
 
 There are departments equipped with all the apparatus for thorough sterilizing. 
 In the diet kitchen there are all the conveniences by which the nurses can prepare 
 food suited to the patients. 
 
 A competent graduate surgical nurse is director of surgical clinics. . 
 
 ;\ : THE MATERNITY DEPARTMENT '^ .;";.::>: 
 
 One of the special features of the institution is the maternity department. The 
 entire lower floor of the south wing is devoted to this purpose. The wards are 
 conveniently located and admirably adapted to minister to the comforts of patients. 
 
 THE CHILDREN'S DEPARTMENT , 
 
 There are two children's rooms at present with eight beds and especially suited '.^ 
 to the care of children. A children's room association has been organized for the ;; 
 purpose of furnishing the rooms and keeping them equipped. .; 
 
 The popularity of the children's wards is shown by the fact that twenty-five- 
 children were treated in them in a little over two months. -;' 
 
 , , -; ,, ; .: ;, GENERAL WARDS . ; ''^'- ;' " ;"'',y^'' VV-^ 
 
 There are general surgical wards for men and the same for women with four 
 beds in each. 
 
^;f .;|;^v';:'i::;;^:r HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY ; -g;; 415 
 
 '.'i'- ^- :.' ''''' I.-: V --; V ROOMS ARE NAMED .-''"...'' :''{ 
 
 '. ' ' ' ; '. . .-.'-. ^' .- . '. . : 
 
 ,''*''./',--!->-'."''. ^' - . .'- ;' :' 
 
 '.- 
 
 Many of these rooms bear the names of organizations and societies that take y 
 
 keen interest in the institution, such as the Presbyterian, Methodist, Congregation- '.;. 
 
 : alist, Universalist, the Elks, the B. R. T., O. R. C. B. of L. E. Lombard, etc. ;^; 
 
 ';'.; ..^-'^''/y^V ''-' THE LAUNDRY '^:,' '- ';v-^ :\- 
 
 The hospital maintains its own laundry, which is furnished with all the ap- 
 pliances speedily to turn out satisfactory work. ^ 
 
 / .'-::^: ^'S .";.".\i v'-^^.: '^ 'THE ALUMNAE ASSOCIATION .. '^ ;,v .-.'-^-v:. -^^-.f ';,>"-;;.'''' 
 
 The training school has a large and loyal alumnae association, containing / . 
 55 members, nearly all resident. 
 
 -; '.:';-':'. -^ ' ':^':,^>^\-. ''-';'..> THE OFFICERS '':'.''.'' ^.:'-''>.-' V ,: 
 
 The trustees of the institution at the present time are Robert Chappell, of ' 
 the O. T. Johnson Company; J. C. Simpson, of James C. Simpson & Company; 
 Alvah S. Green, of the law firm of Williams, Lawrence, Welsh and Green; Mrs. ' 
 
 G. W. Thompson, wife of Judge Thompson, of the Circuit and Appellate courts; \, 
 
 John Lass; C. O. Lewis, formerly of the firm of Terry & Lewis; Mrs. Louise - 
 
 Perrin; E. R. Drake, of the firm of Kellogg Drake & Co.; C. H. Chamberlain, .; 
 
 secretary of the Purington Paving Brick Co.; Mrs. W. D. Godfrey, formerly . 
 
 superintendent of the hospital ; Miss Mary Scott, assistant treasurer of Knox Col- . 
 
 lege; Loren Stevens; Mrs. Helen Backman, Mrs. A. D. Steams and Fred R. v , 
 
 Jelliff, editor of the Republican-Register, with the Mayor of the City ex-officio. '} 
 
 The officers of the board are as follows: President, James C. Simpson; Vice 
 President, E. R. Drake; Treasurer, C. O. Lewis; Secretary, Mrs. Jessie Irons; 
 
 Superintendent, Miss Lois Eggert. V- 
 
 The medical staflf consists of the following, with Dr. Nash as chief of staff : ' 
 
 Drs. J. F. Percy, R. C. Matheny, G. S. Bower, E. N. Nash, J. H. Bryant, C. B.^ ,:: 
 
 Ripley, A. E. Stotts, Clyde A. Finley, J. M. Bohan, F. G. Hall. ' i ' 
 
 There were 904 cases treated at the hospital during the year 1911. y 
 
 _ ^ ^ ..'..''''-. 
 
 ; 'v ^;.' ';;-';".' '-.rr'^f- . :" ^' :g^..i:'SP:^''^ ^f .;. 
 
 [^or.;-;;:.\:;:^;. ';.;;';'' <J THE CITY OF KNOXVILLE :;;'' ^V'^v;---- : ,;;: 
 
 .' V -.'.. :.-:- By O. L. CAMPBELL ; ; :r 
 
 "Beautiful for situation, the joy of the whole earth." No more beautiful 
 
 or appropriate site could well be selected than that upon which is built this historic ". 
 
 town. Parnach Owen, by order of the County Commissioners Court laid out the - 
 
 town on section 28, in Knox township, in 1831. Capt. John Charles, Parry i' 
 Morris, John Montgomery, Dr. Charles Hansford, John G. Sanborn, the original '- 
 founders of this city were certainly men of rare, good judgment, selecting a 
 
418 :; - HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY 
 
 site which could not well be improved. Located between the Illinois and Mis- 
 sissippi rivers on the east and west and Court Creek and Hawcreek on the north 
 and south, gives perfect drainage, freedom from disastrous wind storms, and an 
 altogether desirable location for a city of homes, healthful and pleasing. 
 
 On the second day of April, 1836, the clerk of the County Commissioners 
 Court laid before the court a certificate of the president and clerk of the incor- 
 poration of the town of Knoxville in regard to said incorporation which reads as 
 follows : 
 
 At an election of incorporation held in Knoxville on the 5th day of March, 
 one thousand eight hundred and thirty-six, the following is the state of the polls : 
 One vote against incorporation; Twenty-four for corporation. 
 
 . H. J. RuNKLE, Clerk. 
 
 SAMUEL SLOCUMB, President. 
 
 Also a certificate of the election of trustees of the said town of Knoxville, as 
 follows, to-wit: .;;:;' ' '- ''' 
 
 At an election of trustees held in the town of Knoxville on the nth day of 
 March, 1836, the following named persons received the number of votes opposite 
 their names : 
 
 H. W. Higgins has sixteen votes. . ]: : i ' -^ '' 
 
 J. G. Sanborn has eleven votes. . ^ >; v =; .;; 
 
 Sam'l Lyter has thirteen votes. - - '.';; vi t ' '' !^^ 
 B. Mothershead has fifteen votes. ; .^ ^ ,--- 
 
 Chas. Hansford has sixteen votes. " ' ^,. ';.:.'; 
 John Eads has seven votes. . ;' , .\,. ;. 
 
 Wm. Taber has one vote. ; ' . .^N;;^ v ' '/ '.. 
 
 G. Burkingham has four votes. 
 
 Consequently, the five first named persons are elected as Trustees of Knox- 
 ville. 
 
 ... ' H. J. RUNKLE, Clerk. 
 
 SAMUEL SLOCUMB, President 
 
 The early history of the town is of more than usual interest. Dr. Hansford, 
 who came to Knoxville in 1832, was the county's first physician, and his daughter, 
 Grace, was our first girl baby. Elijah T. Eads was the first boy born in the city, 
 and John Moore Bartlett was the first boy born in the township. Capt. John 
 Charles bought Parnach Owens' farm on the east side of the city and these 
 broad acres, numbering nearly two thousand are still in possession of the Charles 
 family. Harvey Montgomery owns nearly a thousand acres which were originally 
 settled on by his father, John Montgomery. Mr. Montgomery is the oldest living 
 child born in Knox county. This town began at once to make history. John G. 
 Sanborn came in 1832, started a store, and during his whole life, was a live, hon- 
 orable citizen. He was gathered to his fathers at a ripe old age on the day Abraham 
 Lincoln died. He was Knoxville's first postmaster, was the first clerk of the 
 Circuit Court, the County Court, and the County Commissioners Court. The 
 Messrs. Henry, Eldred and Cornelius Runkle, who came in the early thirties, 
 were a blessing to the land of their adoption, being very closely identified with 
 the history and development of the town, from its organization, the good they 
 did can not be forgotten as long as time lasts. Henry, among other enterprises. 
 
2.25' 
 
 2. X 
 
 3<. 
 
 rt ^ 
 
 q c s 
 
 0-3 
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 c- 
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 a. 
 
 <R 
 
 o 
 iig 
 
 '3 
 
 e 
 
 2 = 
 
 < 2. 
 
 5 0. 
 
416 HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY 
 
 site which could not well be improved. Located between the Illinois and Mis- 
 sissippi rivers on the east and west and Court Creek and liawcreek on the north 
 and south, gives perfect drainage, freedom from disastrous wind storms, and an 
 -altogether desirable location for a city of homes, healthful and pleasing. 
 
 On the second day of April, 1836, the clerk of the County Commissioners 
 Court laid before the court a certificate of the president and clerk of the incor- 
 poration of the town of Knoxville in regard to said incorporation which reads as 
 
 follows : 
 
 At an election of incorporation held in Knoxville on the 5th day of March, 
 one thousand eight lunnlred and thirty-six, the following is the state of the polls : 
 One vote against incorporation; Twenty-four for corporation. \ . 
 
 H. J. RuNKLE, Clerk. . - 
 
 SAMUEL SLOCUMB, President. 
 
 Also a certificate of the election of trustees of the said town of Knoxville, as 
 follows, to-wit: ! . 
 
 At an election of trustees held in the town of Knoxville on the nth day of 
 
 March, 1836, the following named persons received the number of votes opposite 
 their names : 
 
 H. W. Higgins has sixteen votes. - 
 
 J. G. Sanborn has eleven votes. / 
 
 Sam'l Lyter has thirteen votes. . . . , 
 
 B. Mothershead has fifteen votes. '. v 
 
 Chas. Hansford has sixteen votes. 
 ' John Eads has seven votes. . 
 
 \Vm. Taber has one vote. 
 G. Burkingham has four votes. 
 
 Consequently, the five first named persons are elected as Trustees of Knox- 
 ville. 
 
 -'. : H. J. RuNKLE, Clerk. 
 
 SAMUEL SLOCUMB, President 
 
 The early history of the town is of more than usual interest. Dr. Hansford, 
 who came to Knoxville in 1832, was the county's first physician, and his daughter, 
 Grace, was our first girl baby. Elijah T. Eads was the first boy born in the city, 
 : and John Moore Bartlett was the first boy born in the township. Capt. John 
 Charles bought Parnach Owens' farm on the east side of the city and these 
 ; broad acres, numbering nearly two thousand are still in possession of the Charles 
 family. Harvey Montgomery owns nearly a thousand acres which were originally 
 settled on by his father, John Montgomery. i\Ir. ^Montgomery is the oldest living 
 child born in Knox county. This town began at once to make history. John G. 
 ' Sanborn came in 1832, started a store, and during his whole life, was a live, hon- 
 orable citizen. He was gathered to his fathers at a ripe old age on the day Abraham 
 Lincoln died. He was Knoxville's first postmaster, was the first clerk of the 
 Circuit Court, the County Court, and the County Commissioners Court. The 
 ' Messrs. Henry, Eldred and Cornelius Runkle, who came in the early thirties, 
 : were a blessing to the land of their adoption, being very closely identified with 
 . the history and development of the town, from its organization, the good they 
 /^ did can not be forgotten as long as time lasts. Henry, among other enterprises, 
 
ix=^? 
 
 = :? S 
 
 re T o' 
 o ; = 
 
 n, K 
 X T* 
 
 ". n 
 
 '-'S 
 
 ^ r"rt 
 
 T: 
 
HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY 417 
 
 owned the first grist mill in the county. Eldred, who was identified with Henry in 
 various enterprises for twenty years, continued the business until his death in 
 1865. Cornelius was for a long series of years a banker, being the first president 
 of the Farmers National Bank. He died in 1908, full of years and honors, and 
 greatly mourned by all. 
 
 Rev. Jacob Gum was our first minister, services being held in his own home, 
 a two-roomed log cabin, in 1839. His grandson, Jacob D. Gum, was the first 
 pupil enrolled in the first school taught in the township. 
 
 Daniel Fuqua, who came here in 1834 helped greatly in the work of establish- 
 ing homes in this county. His children and grandchildren numbered 125 when 
 he was gathered to his fathers in 1909. Judge Robert L. Hannaman came to 
 Knoxville in 1836. For half a century he was a blessing to the community. H6n. 
 James Knox, previous to his election as congressman from this district was one of 
 our most enterprising citizens, both as a business man and official. His bene- 
 factions to St. Mary's School and St. Alban's Academy have been very large. His 
 contribution of a splendid town clock and bell which are placed in the cupola of 
 the public school has always been greatly Appreciated. He also contributed a fund 
 of $i,cxx) each for the use of the Agricultural Board and for the keeping up of 
 the cemetery grounds. 
 
 Hon. George A. Charles, who was for seventeen years a representative of 
 Knox township on the Board of Supervisors of Knox Township, helped largely 
 in making this a desirable locality for those to live who followed. 
 
 Hon. John H. Lewis, who began life here as a young man, has always encour- 
 aged by liberal contributions and sound advice everything which would add to the 
 welfare of our city and its people. 
 
 Rev. Dr. Leffingwell, rector of St. Mary's School, has done probably as much 
 as any other citizen to sustain and promote everything which was for the better- 
 ment of this city. 
 
 These are only a few of the people who helped to found and promote the 
 interests of Knoxville. Every householder and home-owner takes special pride 
 in making it what it is so often called "Knoxville the Beautiful." 
 
 Knoxville is well known as a city of churches and schools. Her churches, 
 five in number Presbyterian, Methodist Episcopal, Christian, Swedish Lutheran, 
 St. Marys and St. Johns, both interior and exterior, are models of church archi- 
 tecture, and ample for every requirement. There are doubtless few cities of 2,000 
 inhabitants anywhere which excel Knoxville in the number or value of its 
 churches. Of its schools, an extended notice is given elsewhere. St. Mary's, in 
 its convenience, accessibility, healthful location, and all the accoutrements which 
 make a perfect educational institution, where education ripens into true culture 
 and broad character, is not anywhere excelled. 
 
 St. Alban's School for boys is making a name and fame for itself in the 
 splendid education its pupils receive a school where all the requisites of a first 
 class educational institution are apparent a healthful location, modem equipment, 
 experienced teachers, and a course of study which eminently fits a boy for a life 
 of business or advanced study. 
 
 The Knoxville public schools have ample grounds, splendid buildings, modern 
 
418 HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY 
 
 conveniences for study and a corps of teachers not excelled anywhere. The cost 
 of buildings and equipment was about $50,000. 
 
 Knoxville's latest acquisition is her Old Ladies' Home, founded by Mrs. 
 William Jones. It occupies a block in the east part of the city, and is just being 
 completed at a cost of $100,000. It is built of vitrified brick with cement trim- 
 mings, and every modern convenience is being furnished. While the four stories 
 include one hundred rooms, arrangements have been made for the accommodation 
 of forty people. The chapel, dining room, reception parlors, rest and hospital 
 rooms are all models of beauty, taste and convenience. It will be ready for oc- 
 cupancy in the fall of 1912. 
 
 This town is known far and wide for having within its borders one of the 
 finest and best conducted alms houses in the country. Additions and improve- 
 ments have been made from time to time, until the present valuation of the farm 
 and buildings is about $150,000. While always under the care of the board of 
 supervisors and the committee, Knox county has always been fortunate in the 
 selection of its superintendents, none of whom have been more capable than the 
 present appointee, who has managed the institution for the past twelve years with 
 signal success. 
 
 ; . ; KNOX COUNTY OLD SETTLERS' ASSOCIATION. 
 
 : For a term of years, numbering nearly half a century the old settlers of Knox 
 
 county have assembled in Knoxville, but it was not until 1886 that a formed con- 
 
 , stitution was adopted. At a meeting held April 3, 1867, Daniel Robertson was 
 
 elected as its first president; Major Thomas McKee, vice president, and Judge 
 
 R. L. Hannaman, secretary. Even at this early date, just after the close of the 
 
 war of the rebellion, the aged speakers gave eloquent addresses recounting the 
 
 happenings to the people of the county. Since 1885 a death roll has been kept and 
 
 V. read each year. By a resolution of the association thirty years residence entitles 
 
 one to become an old settler, so that each year the death roll is largely augmented. 
 
 The present officers are composed entirely of old settlers as follows: 
 ;;' President, N. T. Allen, Galesburg. 
 
 Vice President, E. P. Williams, Galesburg. 
 : Secretary and Treasurer, O. S. Campbell, Knoxville. 
 
 '- .. :,. Township Vice Presidents 
 
 '^!i^ . . ' 
 
 ,: Indian Point, E. H. Roe. ,. - 
 
 ' Cedar, Pleasant Marks. 
 
 Galesburg Township, H. H. Clay. 
 : ' City of Galesburg, W. H. Wilcox. 
 
 Henderson, E. Davidson. 
 {: Rio, N. H. Mansfield. 
 !^ Chestnut, W. H. Reese. 
 
 Sparta, Sidney Wilmot. 
 
 Maquon, Joshua Burnett. 
 
 Persifer, J. R. Young. 
 
The old Hebard House. Knoxville, from the uoner veranda of which Lincoln addressed the crowd 
 assembled in the street on the night of Oct. 6th, 1858. . -. : . 
 
 
 ONE OF THE EARLIEST TAVERNS IN KNOX COUNTY 
 
418 
 
 HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY 
 
 conveniences for study and a corps of teachers not excelled anywhere. The cost 
 of buildings and equipment was about $50,000. 
 
 Knoxville's latest acquisition is her Old Ladies' Home, founded by Mrs. 
 William Jones. It occupies a block in the east part of the city, and is just being 
 completed at a cost of $100,000. It is built of vitrified brick with cement trim- 
 mings, and every modern convenience is being furnished. While the four stories 
 include one hundred rooms, arrangements have been made for the accommodation 
 of forty people. The chapel, dining room, reception parlors, rest and hospital 
 rooms are all models of beauty, taste and convenience. It will be ready for oc- 
 cupancy in the fall of 1912. ' .^ .;;>>?: .V.' ^l . 
 
 This town is known far and wide for having within its borders one of the 
 finest and best conducted alms houses in the country. Additions and improve- 
 ments have been made from time to time, until the present valuation of the farm 
 and buildings is about $150,000. While always under the care of the board of 
 supervisors and the committee, Knox county has always been fortunate in the 
 selection of its superintendents, none of whom have been more capable than the 
 present appointee, who has managed the institution for the past twelve years with 
 signal success. 
 
 KXOX COUNTY OLD SETTLERS ASSOCIATION. 
 
 For a term of years, numbering nearly half a century the old settlers of Knox 
 county have assembled in Knoxville, but it was not until 1886 that a formed con- 
 stitution was adopted. At a meeting held April 3, 1867, Daniel Robertson was 
 elected as its first president; Major Thomas McKee, vice president, and Judge 
 R. L. Hannaman, secretary. Even at this early date, just after the close of the 
 war of the rebellion, the aged speakers gave eloquent addresses recounting the 
 happenings to the people of the county. Since 1885 a death roll has been kept and 
 read each year. By a resolution of the association thirty years residence entitles 
 one to become an old settler, so that each year the death roll is largely augmented. 
 
 The present officers are composed entirely of old settlers as follows: 
 
 President, X. T. Allen, Galesburg. 
 
 Vice President, E. P. Williams, Galesburg. 
 
 Secretary and Treasurer, O. S. Campbell, Knoxville. , ' ; 
 
 . -' ..:V Township Vice Presidents '. , 
 
 Indian Point, E. H. Roe. . ; ^ :-. '=V : ';' : -. 
 Cedar, Pleasant Marks. . . :.;' ;'- 
 Galesburg Township, H. H. Clay. , ' '. 
 
 V City of Galesburg, W. H. Wilcox. > -^ 
 
 . Henderson, E. Davidson. . . ' . ' ' 
 
 :':; Rio, X. H. Mansfield. .:./. 
 
 - Chestnut, W. H. Reese. . . '-.,':. ' 
 ;;. Sparta, Sidney Wilmot. . : ; "' 
 
 '; Maquon, Joshua Burnett. T. ' V /^ 
 
 ' Persifer, J. R. Young. I 
 
The old Hebard House. Knoxville. trom the ui)i)er veranda of which Lincoln addressed Uie crowd 
 assembled in the street on the night of Oct. (ith. 1858. ^ . . .. 
 
 ONE OF THE EARLIEST TAX'ERNS IN KNOX COUNTY 
 
HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY 419 
 
 Walnut Grove, A. F. Ward. :.;^'^ 
 
 Salem, L. A. Lawrence. . 
 
 Elba, D. C. Hurlbutt. v' - 
 
 Truro, Chas. Spencer. ' . ^ 
 
 Victoria, Geo. Reynolds. -, 
 
 Knox, S. R. Witherell. T;' ' ;~ 
 
 Haw Creek, John U. Pickrel. '> . 
 
 Orange, W. H. Wiley. ' ' -t 
 
 Ontario, George Wetmore. \^ ' V '^y 
 
 Lynn, J. Collinson. ;.-^ . ' " 
 
 Copley, F. Becker. '" ; 
 
 BRICK MAKING. 
 
 Knox township is known everywhere because of the Purington Paving Brick 
 Industry, located in the northwest part of the township where immense beds 
 of shale have been discovered. This shale is a fine-grained, slaty, soft rock, re- 
 sembling sandstone in appearance, and is used exclusively in the manufacture 
 of vitrified paving brick. So great is the. demand for this brick for use in paving 
 streets and for walks, that all of the four plants in the Court Creek bottom are 
 exclusively engaged in the manufacture of this kind of brick. Nearly half a mil- 
 lion of dollars is invested in the four plants, and five hundred men are on the 
 payroll. The capacity of the combined plants is nearly half a million brick per 
 day. 
 
 CITY OF ABINGDON ^ V; v . 
 
 By HON. JOSEPH W. LATIMER :. 
 
 The City of Abingdon is located on very high rolling ground and covers a por- 
 tion of section 33 in Cedar township and a portion of section 4 in Indian Point 
 township. The original town, comprising sixteen blocks, was laid out on section 
 33 in Cedar township in 1836. Frederick Snyder's Addition to Abingdon, located 
 upon section 4, Indian Point township, was laid out in 1849. The city is named 
 after the City of Abingdon, Maryland, the birthplace of A. D. Swartz, the 
 founder. His wife was a Carroll, related to one of the signers of the Declaration 
 of Independence. 
 
 In the early days of the town it did not make a very rapid growth. In 1855 it 
 had acquired about five hundred inhabitants, but between 1855 and 1860 when the 
 colleges, Hedding and Abingdon college, were located there, the population in- 
 creased very rapidly. At the outbreak of the Civil War it was in a very fiourish- 
 ing condition and it furnished its full quota of men, who entered the service of the 
 United States, and notwithstanding the progress of the civil war, the town con- 
 tinued to grow in numbers and it reached a population of one thousand to twelve 
 hundred people. Its growth has been steady all along. In later years it became 
 more rapid in consequence of the location of certain manufacturing enterprises 
 
420 HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY 
 
 that came to the city or were originally started there, and the population today 
 is about three thousand, many, however, claiming three thousand five hundred. 
 
 The original inhabitants were very largely from Virginia, Kentucky, Mary- 
 land and Tennessee and they naturally sympathized with the southern idea in 
 regard to the institution of slavery. As time passed on, however, these sympathies 
 changed, especially with the men, and they gradually became anti-slavery in senti- 
 ment and some of them even became agents of the famous underground railway. 
 Jonothan Latimer, father of the writer of this brief history, was among those 
 who saw a better and brighter light upon the side of freedom. The women 
 did not change their minds quite so rapidly, and his wife, who, noticing with regret 
 the gradual change that was coming over her husband, said to him one day, 
 "Jonothan, if you are determined to go to the devil yourself, don't take all the 
 boys with you." This good mother, however, was as large-hearted as any of her 
 southern sisters and it will do the reader good to search further for the generosity 
 of soul within her by reading the article in this history on the subject of the Cum- 
 berland Presbyterian church and Cherry Grove seminary. It can be said, however, 
 if to warm the heart with thoughts of freedom is equivalent to going to the devil, 
 Jonothan Latimer's sons all sought the august presence of that somewhat mythical 
 being. 
 
 ^^' \' '.' HEDDING COLLEGE 
 
 This institution was chartered in 1857 under the name of Hedding Female 
 College. It received its name from Bishop Hedding of the Methodist Episcopal 
 Church. It was suggested by Mr. J. B. F. Chesney and heartily endorsed by other 
 interested parties. The name was afterwards changed to Hedding College, and 
 both boys and girls were admitted to its halls upon equal terms. 
 
 The college has, in common with all other colleges of the country, had its suc- 
 cesses and reverses, but it has steadily maintained a high purpose and determina- 
 tion to reach a final success. At the present time it has an attendance of about 
 two hundred, and there is a strong movement for a greater endowment and larger 
 attendance. The outlook is brighter than ever before. There is a determination 
 on the part of the denomination which is behind it, and the people of Abingdon, 
 to bring it to the front and place it upon an enduring basis. 
 
 President Walter D. Agnew has undertaken this work with a spirit that will 
 surely win. He has accomplished his first point, the raising of $50,000 toward 
 the endowment. This added to $50,000 heretofore raised completes the $100,000 
 required to be held before the end of the year 1912. Rev. Agnew will raise another 
 $100,000 before the end of the year 1916, which, when accomplished, places 
 Hedding upon the basis of a college authorized to confer degrees and claim all 
 rights belonging to a fully equipped college and without which it would have to 
 work upon the grade of an academy. 
 
 : ^- - .r ABINGDON COLLEGE 
 
 Abingdon College was opened by P. H. Murphy in 1853 ^"^ charter obtained 
 in 1855. Some of the prominent incorporators were Wm. Maxwell, P. H. 
 
o 
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 2 
 
 o 
 o 
 
 r 
 
 K 
 
 c 
 
 2 
 
 C 
 
 O 
 
 z 
 
 c 
 z 
 
420 ;; HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY , ; :r 
 
 that came to the city or were originally started there, and the population today ! ' 
 
 is about three thousand, many, however, claiming three thousand five hundred. -; >; 
 
 The original inhabitants were very largely from Virginia, Kentucky, Mary- - ' 
 
 land and Tennessee and they naturally sympathized with the southern idea in ,r:::' 
 
 regard to the institution of slavery. As time passed on, however, these sympathies .'> 
 
 changed, especially with the men, and they gradually became anti-slavery in senti- .; . 
 
 ment and some of them even became agents of the famous underground railway. - 
 
 Jonothan Latimer, father of the writer of this brief history, was among those :; - 
 
 who saw a better and brighter light upon the side of freedom. The women ; . 
 did not change their minds quite so rapidly, and his wife, who, noticing with regret 
 
 the gradual change that was coming over her husband, said to him one day, .; 
 
 "Jonothan, if you are determined to go to the devil yourself, don't take all the ' - 
 
 boys with you." This good mother, however, was as large-hearted as any of her > 
 
 southern sisters and it will do the reader good to search further for the generosity "y'' 
 
 of soul within her by reading the article in this history on the subject of the Cum- ',' 
 
 berland Presbyterian church and Cherry Grove seminary. It can be said, however, ', 
 
 if to warm the heart with thoughts of freedom is equivalent to going to the devil, "i 
 
 Jonothan Latimer's sons all sought the august presence of that somewhat mythical .V. 
 
 being. . .. 
 
 ; :.;: HEDDING COLLEGE J : ;- v ': _ , ^ , 
 
 This institution was chartered in 1857 under the name of Hedding Female 
 College. It received its name from Bishop Hedding of the Methodist Episcopal 
 Church. It was suggested by ]\Ir. J. B. F. Chesney and heartily endorsed by other 
 interested parties. The name was afterwards changed to Hedding College, and 
 both boys and girls were admitted to its halls upon equal terms. 
 
 The college has, in common with all other colleges of the country, had its suc- 
 cesses and reverses, but it has steadily maintained a high purpose and determina- 
 tion to reach a final success. At the present time it has an attendance of about 
 two hundred, and there is a strong movement for a greater endowment and larger 
 attendance. The outlook is brighter than ever before. There is a determination 
 on the part of the denomination which is behind it, and the people of Abingdon, 
 to bring it to the front and place it upon an enduring basis. ' .. { - . ' 
 
 President Walter D. Agnew has undertaken this work with a spirit that will 
 surely wirt He has accomplished his first point, the raising of $50,000 toward 
 the endowment. This added to $50,000 heretofore raised completes the $100,000 
 required to be held before the end of the year 1912. Rev. Agnew will raise another 
 $100,000 before the end of the year 1916, which, when accomplished, places 
 Hedding upon the basis of a college authorized to confer degrees and claim all 
 rights belonging to a fully equipped college and without which it would have to 
 work upon the grade of an academy. 
 
 . ^::;^i'.^ ABINGDON COLLEGE -.''-:-.;;' 
 
 Abingdon College was opened by P. H. Murphy in 1853 ^nd charter obtained 
 in 1855. Some of the prominent incorporators were Wm. Maxwell, P. H. 
 
p: 
 
 C 
 
 c 
 
 c 
 
 r; 
 
 C 
 
 P) 
 
 o 
 
 c. 
 
 c 
 
 X 
 
 X 
 
HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY 421 
 
 Murphy, J. C. Latimer, John Miller, George Price, S. H. Richey, Jesse Purdue 
 and others. This was a private enterprise at first. It was afterwards taken up 
 by the Christian church and carried forward successfully for about twenty-five 
 years. At one time it had three hundred or four hundred students, but owing 
 to some local dissensions, it succumbed and the infiuences of the church took the 
 educational center to Eureka, Illinois. 
 
 THE PROTESTANT METHODIST CHURCH 
 
 The various religious denominations have been written up by others under 
 their respective names, but it is probable that the Protestant Methodist denomina- 
 tion has been overlooked. This denomination at one time was very strong in this 
 vicinity. At one time they owned the finest church edifice in the city of Abing- 
 don. They had societies throughout this section of the county and their work was 
 the most militant and progressive of almost any denomination in the county at 
 that period. 
 
 It is somewhat difficult to state exactly the cause of the disappearance of this 
 denomination. Their inclination was to erect chapels and other places of worship 
 in the country and this is always at a disadvantage, as the communicants have to 
 go a long distance to attend worship, and it is also true that the members gradually 
 shifted to Congregationalism, and it is quite probable that these two causes finally 
 led to the abandonment of that particular church in Knox county. 
 
 INDUSTRIES ^i /..;. 
 
 We have spoken of the industries of Abingdon which have led to its growth 
 in recent years. A list of those industries with the number of men employed will 
 indicate very clearly how much Abingdon owes to her industries. 
 
 First we will speak of the hand industries that existed here years ago and 
 which have been driven out by the invention and use of machinery. In the 
 4o's and 5o's J. B. F. Chesney manufactured plows, which were celebrated 
 throughout this section of the country. Also Jonothan Latimer built carriages 
 and buggies in the early days. 
 
 As an example of an early pioneer store, we cannot think of anything better 
 than that of Jonothan Latimer, afterwards Latimer and Meeks, that was located 
 in the City of Abingdon, under one roof employing shoemaker, tailor and milliner. 
 This store kept dry goods, groceries, boots and shoes, hardware, meats cured by 
 themselves, a small variety of drugs ; they bought and sold cattle, hogs, sheep and 
 all the products of the farm. There were two ways in which they disposed of 
 their hogs, of which they often owned several thousand taken in exchange for 
 goods sold during the year. They would either slaughter them on the farm and 
 haul their carcasses to Copperas Landing on the Illinois river, or drive them on 
 foot to the same shipping point. Generally the return wagons would be loaded 
 with goods to be again traded to the farmer for his farm products, and generally 
 it may be stated that everything received by these traders from the farmers was 
 disposed of at Copperas Landing, as aforesaid. From there of course they were 
 shipped by boat to the larger cities, mostly St. Louis. In other instances the 
 
422 : ' : HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY 
 
 meat that was slaughtered would be packed in barrels, salted and shipped in this 
 
 way. At one time there was packed in a store house, standing on the comer of 
 
 Main and Martin streets, cured meats waiting for disposition. The store house 
 
 burned down and the entire contents became a total loss, amounting to about 
 
 $10,000. 
 
 ;. The industries which are in existence today are the following: 
 
 Abingdon Paving Brick & Tile Co 25 men 
 
 Abingdon Wagon Co 165-175 
 
 : Abingdon Sanitary Mfg. Co I35-I5O 
 
 . . American Sanitary Mfg. Co 135-150 
 
 . : '. Globe Mfg. Co 150 men and women 
 
 Abingdon Shirt and Overall Co 50 men ahd women 
 
 ; Novelty Mfg. Co 15 
 
 ^ Abingdon Trap Co 20 men and women 
 
 ;- Abingdon Cement Tile Works 8 men and women 
 
 . : Abingdon Silo Co lO men 
 
 .'- Spring Handle Co 8 men 
 
 ' . Spies Mfg. Co 40 men 
 
 Cigar factory ..5 men 
 
 Perfection Butter Separator Co 12 men 
 
 J Blair's Planing Mill 6 men 
 
 Abingdon Ice Cream Co 6 
 
 Abingdon Butter Co 5 
 
 These industries are believed to be in a very prosperous condition, and there 
 are indications of their steady growth. There was a factory known as the Animal 
 Trap Factory which removed from Abingdon to the State of Pennsylvania about 
 ?ix years ago. The building which they occupied has been divided and remodeled 
 and today is occupied by the Abingdon Trap Factory and the Spring Handle Co. 
 
 .:, SOCIAL AND CIVIC ORGANIZATIONS 
 
 ' Abingdon has a live commercial club which is unceasing in its efforts to ad- 
 vance the interests of Abingdon and all organizations within it designed to make 
 it a greater Abingdon. 
 
 The following is a list of organizations that are active in the city : G. A. R., 
 Odd Fellows, Rebekahs, Modern Woodmen, Masons, Eastern Star, Knights of 
 Pythias, Court of Honor, Ladies of Grand Army. 
 
 .y PUBLIC BUILDINGS 
 
 / _ The Illinois Opera House and the Merchants' Hotel of Abingdon are both 
 fine structures. Probably nothing better in the line can be found in this part of 
 the state in a town of the size of Abingdon. 
 
 ;. - - '!':.':'' CEMETERY 
 
 Abingdon cemetery contains the bodies of sixteen soldiers who fought in the 
 War of 1812 : Jacob West, James Strain,, William Crow, Thales Givens, Abraham 
 
' HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY 428 
 
 Swartz, Cannon, Basey, Israel Marshall and others, and one that saw something 
 of the Revolutionary War, although small at the time. Joseph Latimer saw the 
 burning of New London, Connecticut, by Benedict Arnold after Arnold went over 
 to the British forces. 
 
 V,'^::; HENDERSON TOWNSHIP , - 
 
 ' ; V--:::-. A. v/. > -By S. H. McMuRTRY ;'''";: -^^^ ^ ; 
 
 In writing the early history of this particular locality, one is obliged to ignore 
 much that must naturally come in other parts of this history. We find we have 
 to tell the history of the state or the history of the county, not the history of 
 Henderson township. Take the important figures in the history of this region dur- 
 ing its earlier period and you will find that in nearly every instance they do not 
 belong particularly to Henderson, but to the greater areas of which this place 
 is but a small part, to the State of Illinois, and the County of Knox. 
 
 The consciousness of the distinct personality of this locality in the early his- 
 tory of our state and county arouses in us a feeling of pride in our past, because 
 our earliest settlers e^sercised a great influence that has been of great value to 
 humanity. The future of Knox county and Henderson in no small part lay in 
 the hands of those early pioneers and those who were to follow them. A future 
 full of hardships but also full of hope and aspirations. 
 
 The question naturally arises. Whence came the first settlers? What condi- 
 tions drove them to face the hardships and privations to the frontier to make 
 new homes? 
 
 When we consider that, Daniel Robertson, the first settler in Henderson town- 
 ship, which was also the first settlement in Knox county, did not come until 
 1828, when Illinois had been a state ten years, one naturally asks. Why was it 
 that a locality full of possibilities was not settled at an earlier date ? The answers 
 are not so difficult when we investigate the conditions that surrounded our earlier 
 population. There were many influences to retard immigration ; the actual open- 
 ing of land offices, the promised land sales, the extinguishing of Indian titles, the 
 limited means of travel, and others no less important. 
 
 On the Ohio river and its branches in rafts, or along its banks by covered 
 wagons, on horseback or by foot, came the immigrants who were to settle Hender- 
 son. They came from the south and east. Conditions in Kentucky and other 
 southern states slowly drove the small farmer to emigrate. 
 
 To us of the third generation who view these fertile fields of grain in every 
 direction and know of the great wealth above and below the ground, it seems 
 strange there was not a rush of settlers into this region in spite of the natural 
 inference that the land that could not produce trees must be worthless as farm 
 land, which has proved in the end to be the richest possession of our "Prairie 
 State." 
 
 The early settlers of Henderson invariably located in the timber or along its 
 border This is not so strange when we consider that these pioneers mostly had 
 
424 i.:. -; : HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY 
 
 been brought up in the shelter of the woods. This nearness to the timber was 
 ..:'.v. an advantage in many ways It furnished material for their log houses, fuel for 
 
 '. their fireplaces, meat for their food and shelter from. the fierce cold winds in 
 ;"/ V winter, which often caused a great deal of suffering. The first settlers were 
 i'. : . fond of hunting and many interesting stories are told of them in quest of wild 
 
 . -''^ turkey, prairie chicken and deer. 
 
 " ^. : Henderson was the first township in Knox county to be settled by white men. 
 
 ;;; .\V It is well watered by the branches which make up the head waters of Henderson 
 
 /; ;. river. Along these branches originally stood one of the finest groves of timber to 
 
 .< be found anywhere in Illinois. Here was a favorite place for Indians, who had 
 i >^.,' extensive fields of corn on sections 23 and 26, south of the Village of Henderson. 
 
 :;.^ These Indians were friendly and remained till the breaking out of the Black 
 
 ..-...' , Hawk war, when they left without doing any serious harm. In February, 1828, 
 
 ;; , ' Daniel Robertson came and settled first on section 15. But this land was claimed 
 
 . X by a speculator an'd Mr. Robertson gave it up and settled on the southwest corner 
 
 ^j of section ii, where he lived most of his life. His brother, Alexander, came in 
 
 a short time and settled on section 2, where he died in 1853. During the spring 
 
 .; 5. and summer, others came, among them were Jacob Gum, a Baptist minister, who 
 
 . ', preached the first sermon in 1829, at the residence of his son, John B. Gum, on 
 
 ',.;" section 32. This two-room log cabin was the first county court house. Here 
 
 : . the first circuit court was held October i, 1830. The judge presiding was the 
 
 ,.;:' . Hon. Richard M. Young, afterward United States Senator. Here also the first 
 
 ."' county election was held, Mr. Gum being elected the first county treasurer. 
 
 .' V Riggs Pennington came about this time, who became one of the most promi- 
 
 ? . .' nent men of northern Illinois Philip Hash and Chas. Hansford. These three 
 
 .: ..- were the first county commissioners after the actual organization in 1830 
 
 :, . Stephen Osborn, the first sheriff Pamac Owen, the first county surveyor 
 
 ^^' '. ' James Gum, Zephaniah Gum, whose child was the first native citizen of this 
 
 ,; ' settlement. Robert and Eaton Nance who settled on section 9. 
 
 ''.:.,;':- The first death in Knox county was that of a young man, Philip Nance, which 
 
 ...; \ occurred January 9, 1829, in Henderson township, and was buried on section 9. 
 
 Thomas McKee, who came the fall before, was present at his death and funeral 
 
 and was instrumental in erecting a suitable stone at the grave. A few years 
 
 ' . ;y later, the people of the vicinity of Henderson raised money and erected an iron 
 
 '^ ;^ >: -/^ fence around the grave. 
 
 '',,_' ',' The next year came James McMurtry with his sons, William and James, and 
 
 : : their families, from Indiana. They came in August and settled on section 3, on 
 
 . . .." a quarter they bought of Riggs Pennington, paying $1.25 per acre; but afterward 
 
 : ' . had to repurchase to secure a clear title. It was on their farm, on the northeast 
 
 .. . !' 40 acres of section lo, that the entire neighborhood assisted in building a fort, 
 
 :- ' which would protect them from the Indians, into this the surrounding families 
 
 .vj . before and during the Black Hawk war would often gather. While there were 
 
 ; ': . : often rumors of Indian uprisings and the settlers were constantly on the watch 
 
 ; ,;\; for them, they were never molested by them. A company of rangers was or- 
 
 \' '.; ganized by Wm. McMurtry, who was their captain, to be ready to pursue the 
 
 '''.''y\. Indians in all directions if needed. William McMurtry became quite an active 
 
 ' .!- , and prominent politician. He was a firm believer in the principles of the Demo- 
 
THE OLDEST HOUSE NOW STANDING IN KNOX COUNTY 
 
 Two miles Northwest of Galesburg, Henderson Township 
 
 wooi 
 
 FIFTY CENTS 
 
 i/i cHr/ffit /it/if/Jt M'hf/i ///v.v< ///////// 
 cf one Dollar 
 
 r<'tfft'/ti/'(/ III 
 
 a-t 
 
 50 CENT SHIN PLASTER 
 
HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY ::r:. 
 
 been brought up in the shelter of the woods. This nearness to the timber was 
 an advantage in many ways It furnished material for their log houses, fuel for 
 their fireplaces, meat for their food and shelter from the fierce cold winds in 
 winter, which often caused a great deal of suffering. The first settlers were 
 fond of hunting and many interesting stories are told of them in quest of wild 
 turkey, prairie chicken and deer. 
 
 Henderson was the first township in Knox county to be settled by white men. 
 It is well watered by the branches which make up the head waters of Henderson 
 river. Along these branches originally stood one of the finest groves of timber to 
 be found anywhere in Illinois. Here was a favorite place for Indians, who had 
 extensive fields of corn on sections 23 and 26, south of the Village of Henderson. 
 These Indians were friendly and remained till the breaking out of the Black 
 Hawk war, when they left without doing any serious harm. In February, 1828, 
 Daniel Robertson came and settled first on section 15. But this land was claimed 
 by a speculator an'd Mr. Robertson gave it up and settled on the southwest corner 
 of section ii, where he lived most of his life. His brother, Alexander, came in 
 a short time and settled on section 2, where he died in 1853. During the spring 
 and summer, others came, among them were Jacob Gum, a Baptist minister, who 
 preached the first sermon in 1829, at the residence of his son, John B. Gum, on 
 section 32. This two-room log cabin was the first county court house. Here 
 the first circuit court was held October i, 1830. The judge presiding was the 
 Hon. Richard M. Young, afterward United States Senator. Here also the first 
 county election was held, Mr. Gum being elected the first county treasurer. 
 
 Riggs Pennington came about this time, who became one of the most promi- 
 nent men of northern Illinois Philip Hash and Chas. Hansford. These three 
 were the first county commissioners after the actual organization in 1830 
 Stephen Osborn, the first sheriff Parnac Owen, the first county surveyor 
 James Gum, Zephaniah Gum, whose child was the first native citizen of this 
 settlement. Robert and Eaton Nance who settled on section 9. I ' 
 
 ..The first death in Knox county was that of a young man, Philip Nance, which 
 occurred January 9, 1829, in Henderson township, and was buried on section 9. 
 Thomas McKee, who came the fall before, was present at his death and funeral 
 and was instrumental in erecting a suitable stone at the grave. A few years 
 later, the people of the vicinity of Henderson raised money and erected an iron 
 ^ fence around the grave. 
 
 The next year came James McMurtry with his sons, William and James, and 
 their families, from Indiana. They came in August and settled on section 3, on 
 a quarter they bought of Riggs Pennington, paying $1.25 per acre; but afterward 
 had to repurchase to secure a clear title. It was on their farm, on the northeast 
 40 acres of section lo, that the entire neighborhood assisted in building a fort, 
 which would protect them from the Indians, into this the surrounding families 
 before and during the Black Hawk war would often gather. While there were 
 often rumors of Indian uprisings and the settlers were constantly on the watch 
 for them, they were never molested by them. A company of rangers was or- 
 ganized by Wm. McMurtry, who was their captain, to be ready to pursue the 
 Indians in all directions if needed. William McMurtry became quite an active 
 and prominent politician. He was a firm believer in the principles of the Demo- 
 
THE OLDEST HOUSE NOW STANDING IN KNOX COCNTY 
 
 Two mile? Northwest of Galesburg, Henderson Township 
 
 FIFTY CENTS 
 
 IH ca !/</!( liindx /<'///// ///y.'v-////y/ /// 
 .V/////X <>r one Dolla 
 
 .>ii CENT SHIN I'LASTKK 
 
HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY . 426 
 
 cratic party and a friend of Stephen A. Douglas. It was largely through him that 
 the history of Henderson is so closely connected with the early history of the 
 county and the state. He was active in the organization of Henderson township, 
 April 5, 1853. In 1832 he was appointed commissioner of schools and proved 
 a most excellent officer. He was state senator for many years and in 1848 was 
 elected lieutenant-governor of Illinois, with Governor French. His full biography 
 occurs in this history. 
 
 In 1830 several new families joined the settlement Furguson, the Round- 
 trees, the Goflfs, Lewis and Davis with their families locating along the south 
 part of the grove. The same year came Harmon Brown, from Kentucky, and 
 settled on section 30 where he lived most of his life. Mr. Brown taught the 
 .second school, 1833, on section 31. The first school in the county was at Hen- 
 derson Grove in 1830, taught in a log house by Franklin B. Barber. This primi- 
 tive school was without much system gotten up by the local residents simply for 
 the instruction of their own children in the rudiments. Here the first school dis- 
 trict was organized in 1836 under the management of Wm. McMurtry, the first 
 school commissioner who always took an active interest in the early schools. He 
 sold the school lands, invested the money and advanced the educational interests 
 of the county very much. During the years 1831-32, quite a number of families 
 came, among these were the Ferrises who put up a steam mill on Henderson 
 Creek. This was quite an event, and the settlers felt they now had all they 
 needed. 
 
 The first few years the settlers had to go to Rushville for their mail, about 
 75 miles. In 1838, a postoffice was established in the township on section 32, and 
 John G. Sanburn was the first postmaster. 
 
 In 1836, the first of the Galesburg colony came. They located south of the 
 grove and built up what afterward became distinguished as Log City on section 33. 
 This settlement was only temporary and does not strictly belong to the history 
 of Henderson township, but more to Galesburg, where they finally settled. 
 
 Henderson township contains some of the finest farming land in the state, 
 and many substantial dwellings have taken the place of the primitive log cabins. 
 In fact, the whole face of the township has changed till there is scarcely a trace 
 of the wilderness where the foundations for homes were laid by those sturdy 
 and daring pioneers, all of whom have passed away and their places are filled 
 by the second and third generations. 
 
 The only village in this township is Henderson on section 14. It was laid out 
 June II, 1835, and in 1838 was incorporated. In early days it was a flourishing 
 place and there were great expectations for its future; but this future was not 
 in the control of its citizens. Previous to building the railroad in 1854, which 
 missed it a few miles, and subsequently caused its decline, it was an important 
 place in the county and had the largest postoffice in the county, five stores, two 
 shoeshops and four blacksmith shops. It commanded a large trade from the sur- 
 rounding country. This trade was attracted to the railroad stations, the village 
 steadily declined, until little remained. In 1886, the Rio branch of the C., B. & Q. 
 railroad was constructed through the village and saved it from complete ex- 
 tinction and some improvements have recently been made. 
 
426- '; : HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY _ 
 
 ONTARIO TOWNSHIP 
 By HUGH GREIG 
 
 Ontario township is, geographically speaking, a square containing twenty- 
 
 : three thousand acres more or less of remarkably fertile land. With the exception 
 
 X of considerably less than a quarter section of timber locally known as Pilot Knob, 
 
 almost every acre of the township was awaiting the pioneer with his oxen and 
 
 . . breaking plow. There are scarcely any alluvial deposits, but the dark vegetable 
 
 -:' I loam commonly found on the upland prairie is everywhere in evidence, and the 
 
 V. natural richness of the soil may be inferred from the fact that there is, in this 
 
 - township, land that has been continuously in crop for not less than fifty years 
 ? and is still yielding a fair return. 
 
 The dark almost sandless loam is in all probability the result of plant growth 
 and plant decay, year by year, century by century, perhaps even millennium by mil- 
 lennium; and the fine, variously colored, porous clays immediately beneath are 
 an interesting study as also is the unstratified drift which is of varying thick- 
 - . ness, and the whole deposit clearly shows that in untold ages the forces of nature 
 were rounding and fashioning into their present forms the large, small and 
 
 smaller pebbles which are countless as the grains of sand by the sea shore. 
 r- In the historic era only grasses intermingled with many tinted flowers carpeted 
 ' our prairies. Yet there is abundant evidence to prove that in the carboniferous 
 
 r ^S^ gigantic tree ferns and other tropical plants grew here luxuriantly; still our 
 
 ; , coal deposits are at present not considered valuable, therefore, there is no mining 
 
 : going on. ; '! : : ; - - ' 
 
 . The red man has left but scant evidence of his sojourn here, though the so- 
 
 called Galena Trail crossed in a northwesterly direction, the extreme northerly 
 .; - part of the township, and in and near the timber of Pilot Knob numerous arrow 
 
 points have been found, but no vestiges of even temporary habitation and no 
 i burial mounds have been observed. Thus, though they without doubt all over 
 
 . . these prairies hunted the wild native predatory animals and also those desired for 
 
 ;. food, they found the wind-swept plain an undesirable place to pitch their tents; 
 
 and we can readily believe that the shady, sheltering grove, with a nearby flowing 
 
 spring, was more their hearts' desire. 
 
 "':-. . .-, ' EARLY SETTLERS '?' 'c'-'v'J';. H.^ '-'':;:'.-;';; 
 
 ,, The first settler of whom we have any knowledge, who evidently meant to 
 stay, was Alexander Williams, he having fenced and plowed twenty acres on the 
 
 northwest quarter of section 30 in 1833, ^"^ three years afterward sold the 
 ;.;' same to I. M. Wetmore. In 1833, George W. Melton arrived and settled on 
 
 section 31, which, until his death some sixty years later, was his home, 
 and here were born and grew to manhood and womanhood a family of children; 
 the eldest of whom, Elizabeth (subsequently Mrs. Ralph Voris), was the first 
 . white child born in Ontario township. Soon after quite a number of settlers 
 ' arrived nearly all of whom came from Oneida county. New York, and even to- 
 day the names sound familiar, Wetmore, Crane, Chapman, Camp, Mosher, Hoi- 
 lister, Savage, Powell, Hammond, Clearwater, Wikoflf, Burt, Conger, Allen. : 
 
HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY : V^: 'f 427 
 
 Though there was as yet no township organization, a school was built in 1839, 
 on the northwest quarter of section 32, not of course a district school in the 
 usual meaning, but a community school, and it is unlikely that it was equipped 
 with all the modern conveniences, including individual drinking cups, but they 
 had slates, pencils, some reading and the omnipresent spelling books, also we 
 have reason to believe a liberal supply of fresh air. The curriculum certainly 
 was not extensive but in the words of John Hay "They had a middling tight 
 grip on the handful of things they knew." These early settlers did not wait for 
 orders from those high in authority to constitute themselves a body politic. It 
 may be justly said that they inherited a knowledge of self-government, for were 
 they not the children, or children's children, of those thrifty, hardy, self-reliant 
 New Englanders who had journeyed through the trackless forest from the Massa- 
 chusetts or Connecticut home and again, near the head waters of the Mohawk 
 with undaunted courage and unremitting toil, made new homes for themselves 
 and their descendants. But though new homes, they held fast the old but un- 
 excelled system of local self-government which is the basis of all that is best in 
 American civil life. And in order that such ideas should become more effectively 
 practical, the scattered settlers came together at the school house on April 5th, 
 1853, and having chosen I. M. Wetmore moderator, and W. J. Savage, clerk, 
 they organized the township of Ontario and forthwith proceeded to elect a corps 
 of township officials, the list is as follows: ; . v 
 
 ' Supervisor, E. Crane. rv.':^ -rv -i'-'^'M^ V ;?./ .';. 
 
 Assessor,/. Burt. '' ..--r,^ .- /^' '' ^'./v; '-'': .' 1^ ;. .-v--.^- 
 
 ^ Town clerk, W. J. Savage. ';';';/::{; X;^- :';:'. si.'. v7 -ijv"- ;^'''X- 
 
 :'' Collector, E. C. Brott. :' v.. x:!-^ . , ' '"-"-''-' ;^V;S^-f 
 
 : . Overseer of the poor, T. F. P. Wetmore. : /= ' 
 
 '. Commissioners of highways, G. W. Melton, T. Hammond, J. Powell.. >. -'^ .; 
 
 . -:' Constables, E. C. Brott, J. W. Crane. 
 
 Justices of the peace, E. Chapman, S. E. Mosher, and the following named 
 persons, in the order given, have served as supervisors from the close of the term 
 of E. Crane, until now : J. Hammond, W. B. LeBaron, J. Hammond, W. B. 
 LeBaron, A. S. Curtis, O. Beadle, A. S. Curtis, O. Beadle, E. Crane, A. S. Curtis, 
 G. L. Stephenson, O. L. Fay, G. E. Fredericks, Hugh Greig. 
 
 The school house referred to was also the religious center of the community, 
 and services were maintained with fair regularity by ministers of different de- 
 nominations. However, the first church organization was effected by the Presby- 
 terians, in 1840, the preaching alternating between Henderson and the Ontario 
 school house. This society long since ceased to be. There are, however, still two 
 rural churches in the township, the Congregational church on section 30, the 
 other, the Christian church is situated on section i. Both organizations are numer- 
 ically weak. One chief cause of the lessening attendance at religious services 
 in our rural churches is the immense change that has taken place in the nationality 
 of the population, for whereas, the first settlers came from where they might have 
 spoken English as the mother tongue, while today nearly, if not quite half, of our 
 people use as their vernacular, the Swedish language and though these people 
 become American in many ways, even, especially in business matters, using our 
 language, yet in their religious affiliations and in their social intercourse, having 
 
428 ^- HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY 
 
 the advantage of numbers they can and do mingle very largely, though, not ex- 
 clusively, with those of kindred speech. So that, until the passing of the greater 
 number of those born in the old land, the land of Odin and Thor we cannot 
 expect them to be in thought, in ideas, in speech, wholly truly American. 
 
 But, and we rejoice that such is the fact, no people of European descent can 
 be among us for many generations without wholly ceasing to be in any sense 
 European, and the coming historian may be favored to record the fact that the 
 inhabitants of Ontario township foregather in business, in pleasure, socially, 
 politically, religiously animated with one dominating purpose, and that purpose 
 the all around betterment of all the people. ;'; 
 
 ^..;...:;^':;:'^'J'V :'..'. ' ; :';._';; ciTY OF ONEIDA ''> "r;;:^ :''': '^v::^- 
 : ^. '."/'- By HUGH GREIG ..;-;'".-: V- ''' 
 
 ' -. '".-. -^-.. .->.""' -. ' . '..- -."_ .- - -< j-k . "^ .' ' t' . ' 
 
 On September ist, 1854, C. F. Camp, with B. S. West and S. V. R. Holmes, 
 platted the original village of Oneida, and although the C., B. & Q. oificials had no 
 intention of having a station at that point, C. F. Camp had quite a different opin- 
 ion and as an inducement most generously donated the railway company a tract 
 of land 500x1.000 feet, and ere the snow fell the town that was to be had a fully 
 equipped railway station. The hamlet grew but slowly, and it was not until 
 December, 1858, that it was incorporated as a village, and on January 7th, 1859, 
 the following trustees were elected, viz. : C. F. Camp, H. L. Sage, J. M. Brown, 
 J. M. Henning, W. B. LeBaron. The latter was subsequently chosen president 
 of the board. The village gradually increased in size and in population and in 
 1869, feeling itself seriously cramped in many ways, an influential delegation of 
 its citizens laid siege to the state legislature and succeeded in convincing our 
 Solons that it had outgrown its village garments and what it now needed was a 
 full suit of city garb; and through such and perhaps other arguments persuasion 
 was accomplished, a special charter was granted and the stripling city's limits 
 were so extended that more corn was grown in Oneida than in any other muni- 
 cipality in Illinois. It also grew wheat, oats, fruit, statesmen and numerous other 
 products useful and useless. 
 
 It was specified in the charter that for all coming time, nowhere in all its 
 extensive territory could intoxicating liquors be sold ; therefore, no license has 
 ever been issued to any one to open a drinking place and thus tempt the weak 
 and unwary. The first mayor was F. G. Jelliff, and the present one is George 
 Burt. The first school was built in 1855 and it is worthy of mention that its first 
 teacher was Mary Allen West, who later became county superintendent of 
 schools and in such position and others subsequently filled, she not only raised 
 the standard of scholarship among the teachers but raised the standard of civic 
 righteousness in every home her influence reached. This school house was used 
 for a variety of purposes, such as itinerant shows, singing classes, political meet- 
 ings, etc., etc., while on Sundays three denominations of Christian believers at 
 different hours held religious services, and though never dedicated to the 
 worship of God, it was to the pure in heart a Bethel indeed. The Congregational 
 society was organized in 1852, and three years later built the church which is 
 still under the control of the denomination. :.'''.;' /^ 'V' r' . . 
 
;.;;-;;;;/: HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY : > 429 
 
 The Presbyterian church was organized under authority of the Presbytery of 
 Schuyler at the school house in district No. 3, in 1863, but failing to receive suit- 
 able support it was re-organized in Oneida in 1865, a church was shortly erected 
 and was demolished by a windstorm in 1868. However, it was immediately 
 rebuilt, and is still used by the congregation. 
 
 The Lutherans formed themselves into a society in 1863, but soon disbanded. 
 The Universalists had a rather handsome church which was burned in 1867, was 
 rebuilt and wrecked by a tornado. Church and society have disappeared. 
 Baptist church and society also. 
 
 The First M. E. church was built in 1863, was torn down and a new, hand- 
 some brick structure was erected in 1909. The present school house is of brick 
 with stone foundation and stone trimmings, was built in 1870 and is the centre 
 of more general interest to us than any other institution in the city, or out of it, 
 and though the attendance, for reasons well known, is slowly diminishing, there 
 is no wish to curtail its financial support. The consensus of opinion being that by 
 a thorough, all around education lies the main hope of civic and all other brands 
 of righteousness. Six teachers are employed, R. C. Rennick, principal; Miss 
 Katherine Hannon, assistant; grade teachers. Miss McBride, Miss Kline, Miss 
 Hedman and Miss Burt. 
 
 There are in the city two grain elevators, both of which do a fair amount of 
 business. One is known as a farmers' elevator, but as slightly more than one- 
 half of the stock is owned by a very few individuals, is leased to themselves and 
 is practically a privately-owned house. The other is in name and in fact a farm- 
 ers' elevator, owned by more than one hundred and fifty farmers, is managed by 
 a board of nine directors, is, and on the whole has been, a profitable investment. 
 
 Banking facilities are ample and satisfactory. The Exchange Bank, which 
 though retaining the name, has been controlled at different times by different in- 
 dividuals since its beginning in the financially troublous year, 1857, is now a 
 strong and conservatively managed institution. It became the property of A. B. 
 Anderson and Frank Murdock in 1877 and is now known as the Oneida Exchange 
 Bank, under the exclusive control of A. B. Anderson and son, in whose hands at 
 this writing its resources and extent of business are greater than at any other 
 period in its history. 
 
 The Oneida State Bank, incorporated under the law of Illinois, in 1891, is a 
 strong, well managed concern, capital $25,ooo.cx), surplus $30,000.00. The stock 
 is largely owned by farmers residing in the vicinity, and any share or shares put 
 on the market command a substantial premium, thereby showing the confidence 
 of the community in the integrity and business sagacity of its board of directors. 
 At the first meeting of the stockholders, A. D. Metcalf was elected president 
 and held the same office until his death which occurred January 3Oth, 1912. The 
 present officers are as follows : G. K. Pittard, president ; W. D. Patty, cashier ; 
 Anna Anderson, assistant cashier. 
 
 In 1876, Arthur W. Ladd began the publication of our first newspaper which 
 he called the Oneida News. It was not of great size and its advertising columns 
 did not greatly remind one of similar pages in the Chicago dailies ; but it briefly 
 and accurately recorded the momentous and other happenings of the home town, 
 and while there have been several changes in owners and editors, also changes 
 
430 HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY -^ 
 
 in the name, yet with slight interruptions we have been favored above our neigh- 
 bors and our deserts in having our local news spicily furnished us by our own 
 weekly press. The present owner and editor is F. C. Krans. And the better to 
 show our literary proclivities, it is a pleasure to put on record the fact that for 
 many years we have seldom been without a reading club, and for quite a number 
 of years the C. L. S. C. in its weekly meetings raised to a most appreciable 
 degree the scholarly attainments of a class who had at one time an enrollment of 
 twenty-six members members of all shades of opinion on politics, religion, 
 &c., &c., also of all ages from sixteen to seventy-five ; and during the past years 
 a small class weekly met and feasted on choice morsels culled from Browning, 
 Shakespeare, Tennyson and last, but not least, we, in Sartor Resartus, most _. 
 thoroughly enjoyed the grim sage of Chelsea, Thomas Carlyle. -I-. ' 
 
 ; The secret societies of Oneida have been numerous and on the whole, by the : 
 rank and file, well intentioned. The Masonic Order was established in 1860, and 
 is now strong numerically, socially and helpfully. Its benefactions are carried on 
 in such an unobtrusive way that one has to be to the manner born to know how y 
 much the right hand and the left hand doeth. The present head of the order is j 
 H. J. Sawyer. The order of the Eastern Star, which we suppose was instituted 
 to add a certain amount of refinement to what had hitherto been a purely mascu- 
 line aggregation, is in a flourishing condition. Worthy Matron, Mrs. C. Wikoflf. : 
 Worthy Patron, J. H. Anderson. 
 
 The I. O. O. F. was at one time in a thriving condition but such cannot now be 
 said. The Oneida Camp of Modern Woodmen was chartered in 1888 and from a , 
 very small beginning has outdistanced any local society in numbers, but is now in 
 serious difficulties on account of a recent radical change in rates, and in one 
 respect it much resembles a certain political party of today having the stand- 
 patters and insurgents, with a prospect of a fight to a finish of the Woodmen ., 
 organization. . ^ 
 
 There was a branch of the home Forum but it has gone where such things 
 go. The Fraternal Tribunes survive, but in a disagreeable remembrance. The 
 main cause of the untimely decease of both societies mentioned and all others 
 built on the same plan, is the entire lack of a stable foundation and though the 
 edifice may be pleasing to look upon, yet when the rain of financial stringency ^ 
 even sprinkles the structure collapses and great is the fall thereof. 
 
 There are two women's clubs with a total membership of more than fifty. 
 The various studies and readings cover a wide range, including history, ancient ' 
 and modern, general literature of all the ages, art, music, science, domestic and 
 otherwise, in short, all that concerns not only women but all that is inspiring 
 and uplifting to the community as a whole. Such clubs in Oneida are the result 
 of a suggestion made to several women friends by Mrs. Willard Nelson, who was 
 the first president of the first club and is now at the head of the New Century 
 Club. 
 
 Mrs. W. V. McKie is president of the Twentieth Century Club. There is 
 also an Oneida-Altona branch of the Knox County Free Kindergarten which 
 holds monthly meetings and in furnishing clothing, food and money much is 
 added to the inadequate income of this most worthy and ever-needy institution. 
 There are at present between 60 and 78 active members. Mrs. Hugh Greig and 
 
-'" -' ^^^^-^' HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY ; ': A 431 
 
 Mrs. John M. McKie have served as president and vice president respectively 
 since its organization. 
 
 The K. P. Lodge has had its ups and downs and at this date it is numerically 
 and every other way in a most prosperous condition. F. S. Stephenson is its 
 present head. r' .: . ' . 
 
 The Mystic Workers under the leadership of A. J. Roe are slowly gaining. 
 
 The Royal Neighbors is, for this vicinity, a young organization with no great 
 numbers but the lack in that respect is more than counterbalanced by the im- 
 mense enthusiasm of the members. Oracle, Miss Jessie Burt. 
 
 The citizens of Oneida, as the general appearance of the town plainly attests, 
 have a pardonable pride in their homes and home surroundings; and the one 
 notable beauty spot is the little park which is already the admiration of all, and as 
 the years come and go and the treelets of today become mighty as the forest 
 monarchs, and the young and the aged weary rest in the welcome shade, they, and 
 every one, will see and admire not only beauty, but beauty and grandeur inter- 
 mingled and all will realize that our pagan ancestors were not far amiss, when 
 they, in the shady woodland's "dim religious light" saw a temple, in which they 
 and we might worship God. 
 
 :v;;^ ;;V: '. ^^^':/':v;r5:^ SPARTA TOWNSHIP (^-^'':'" ' ' 
 
 ; This township was organized under the township organization law, April 5, 
 1853. A full line of town officers were nominated and elected. T. H. Taylor was 
 the first supervisor ; Asaph DeLong, clerk ; Stephen Smith, assessor ; L. W. 
 Roads, collector; D. Reed, Stephen Russell and Peter Davis, highway commis- 
 sioners; Marvin Baker, Hugh Ferguson, justices of the peace; Marshall P. 
 DeLong, constable. Mr. William Robson, whose widow resides just north of the 
 village of Wataga, was supervisor of the township between twenty and thirty 
 years prior to his death. 
 
 The watershed, dividing the water courses that flow into the Illinois and 
 Mississippi rivers, extends northeast and southwest through Sparta township. In 
 fact, it will be generally found that the C., B. & Q. R. R. right of way takes the 
 general course of this watershed from its entrance into Knox county to Galesburg, 
 and then south to St. Augustine, varying, of course, in places from that line. 
 
 There was formerly as fine a vein of coal found in Sparta township as almost 
 in any locality in this state. These mines still produce coal but not in such 
 quantities as heretofore. This industry was under the former management of 
 J. M. Holyoke, R. M. Campbell and Peter Dolan. The fourth vein was especially 
 sought. It was quite large, and at one time as many as fifty car loads were 
 shipped from Wataga. 
 
 The roads of the township have always been kept in good condition. 
 
 The schools and churches are flourishing, and reference to these institutions 
 will be found under their respective denominational headings in articles found in 
 this volume. 
 
 
f^:.;jv;;: HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY 
 
 , ; V -4*:^, . . r VILLAGE OF WATAGA "''' 
 
 " This village was platted in 1854, by J. M. Holyoke, Silas Willard and Clark 
 M. Greer. It was incorporated in 1863, the first election was held in September, 
 1863. It was re-incorporated under the general law, in 1874, with section i6 as 
 its territory. J. M. Holyoke was the first resident, the first postmaster and the 
 first storekeeper. George F. and David P. Niles, extensive farmers and stock- 
 raisers, had large interests in and around Wataga. George F. Niles died some 
 years ago, at Oak Park, Illinois, while his brother, David P., still resides on a 
 farm two miles and a half to the southwest of the village. They, at one time, 
 owned the fiouring mill that is located in Wataga. It has since been owned by 
 William Williamson and M. O. Williamson who introduced fine modern 
 machinery. It is still in operation and does good work. 
 
 The churches of the village of Wataga will be spoken of in connection with 
 their denominational headings found elsewhere in this volume. 
 
 Wataga has a Masonic lodge in flourishing condition. It also has a lodge of 
 the Order of the Eastern Star and Odd Fellows lodge; a Rebekah lodge and a 
 camp of Modern Woodmen. 
 
 W. S. Wood was one of the very early store keepers of the village of Wataga. 
 In 1859 he bought a general merchandise store, which means about everything 
 that is wanted in a country store, dry goods, clothing, boots and shoes, hardware, 
 paints and oils, farm implements, etc., etc., and in those days the general store 
 keeper had also to receive general produce of the farm in pay for his goods. 
 
 Mr. Wood dealt largely in corn and occasionally sent his corn to Chicago, 
 loaded it into barges or boats and shipped it to eastern markets. Corn was al- 
 ways taken in exchange for goods. Gold and silver soon disappeared after the 
 war of the Rebellion began and paper money was at a fearful discount. In order 
 to facilitate trade and the exchange of commodities, the responsible merchants 
 put out what was called "shin plasters" for fractional currency. This script was 
 issued in denominations of five, ten, twenty- five and fifty cent pieces, the man 
 who issued them agreeing to redeem when presented in sums specified on the 
 face of the script, usually one dollar. It did not constitute lawful money, but it 
 served a very great convenience at that time and was issued in the best of good 
 faith. Mr. Wood issued a large quantity of this money and it is understood that 
 he redeemed every cent that was presented for redemption. ^ 
 
 V ^%;?{ : . COPLEY TOWNSHIP 'v ;: ^f^;:- 
 
 '-.' ' W;-' . . ' ..;'- ^ .V'':;i' 
 
 Copley township was named after a prominent family who at one time resided 
 within its limits. It consists of a fertile prairie sufficiently rolling to insure good 
 drainage. The southern part is more or less broad, probably one-fourth of its 
 area having been original timber. It is well watered by the branches of Walnut 
 and Court creeks, and other smaller streams. 
 
 The first settler of the township was a Mr. Berry, who located near the 
 present village of Victoria. Matthew Herbert and Larkin Robinson came the 
 next year. In 1839, the Scotch began to come into Copley township and settled 
 upon some of the best lands. This movement increased until there was quite a 
 
;;r- ::^':v HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY 433 
 
 band known as the Scotch colony. The descendants of these men are, today,- 
 nearly all men of wealth and high moral standing and elsewhere in this history 
 will be found a very interesting account of the Gordons, Cooks, McCornicks, 
 McKies, Leightons, etc., etc., and of their character as a people. 
 
 It has been the writer's privilege and pleasure to know many of these men and 
 it is almost a matter of regret to note that their descendants are losing somewhat 
 of the racial characteristics of their forefathers. They are thrifty, critical, 
 economical, industrious and law-abiding, the same as their ancestors ; in fact, they 
 are losing nothing whatever that is valuable to them as citizens, but there is a 
 something which is indescribable, that the "Auld Scots" had, that the Americans 
 have not, that made them a peculiarly interesting people, and it is this some- 
 thing that their descendants are gradually losing. When we say that they are 
 becoming "Americanized," it probably tells as much of the story as can be told. 
 
 What is now known as Foreman's Grove, in the north limits of the township, 
 was inhabited by the Indians when the first settlers began to come in. 
 
 The first school in the township was taught by Miss Mary J. Smith, afterwards 
 Mrs. John Becker, in a log schoolhouse, in the northeast part of the township. 
 
 Jeremiah Collinson owned a saw-mill, that was operated by horsepower, which 
 he put up in 1850. 
 
 There are no large towns within Copley township, as there are no important 
 railroads there. In 1894, a railroad was built from Wataga, through nearly the 
 center of the township, to a mining village called Etherly. It was supposed that 
 there were extensive coal fields in Copley and Victoria townships, and these im- 
 provements were made in order to develop these mines. 
 
 The village was laid out on section 35, in 1894, by Samuel L. Charles. 
 : For some reason the mines above mentioned have never paid, and the town of 
 Etherly has practically disappeared, and the railroad has since been extended to 
 the village of Victoria. 
 
 One of the most noted churches of the township was known as the John Knox 
 church, an account of which will be found under the articles on the Presbyterian 
 church. -:;-;::;^'<. . .;. ; 
 
 y >::;!; ;;':,;:^g WALNUT GROVE TOWNSHIP >.; ^: 
 
 This township derives its name from the location of extensive groves within 
 its limits and Walnut creek and several tributaries water extensive portions of the 
 township. Surface and soil is therefore fine and undulated. There is but one 
 village within the township, that is Altona. 
 
 The first white men that came were Messrs. Jones and Dehart. They built a 
 cabin on section 31, but owing, to the hostilities of the Indians, they left at the 
 time of the Black Hawk War. The ruins of their cabin could still be seen in 1838. 
 John Thompson was the first permanent settler, coming in 1836. He built the first 
 frame house. One Elder M. Smith, of the Mormon Church, built a frame house 
 in 1840, on section 15, and in 1842, several hundred of his faith had located here. 
 They intended to build a temple but went to Hancock county upon the advice of 
 Joseph Smith. Since their departure, settlement has been more rapid and there is 
 found a prosperous and intelligent community now living within the township. 
 
 ' Vol. 188 
 
434 HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY . 
 
 ' The first boy born in the township was John T. Poe ; the first girl was Helen 
 Ward, who married A. P. Stevens. The first marriage was between Austin 
 Frederick and Elizabeth Finney. The first death was that of Mrs. Hinsdale, a 
 sister of Amos Ward. She died in August, 1838. 
 
 A schoolhouse was built on the southwest quarter of section i6, in 1840, 
 and the first teacher was Robey Tabor. E. L. Gross was another early teacher 
 and he became a distinguished lawyer of Springfield. 
 
 The first church that was organized was a Baptist church and they made it a 
 place upon Court creek, for worship. Elder Samuel Shaw was the organizer of 
 this band. 
 
 The township was organized in 1853, like all of the townships in the county 
 and Amos Ward was elected supervisor, and we find the names of Sage, Living- 
 stone, Collinson, Allen, etc., etc., among the township officers. 
 
 ^" .A::^ - VILLAGE OF ALTONA ' ; '.>^ !:= . . ^' '^^ 
 
 Altona is the only village in the township. It is a station on the Chicago, 
 Burlington & Quincy Railroad, sixteen miles northeast of Galesburg. It is the 
 center of quite a fine trade and is among the most prosperous villages in the 
 county. During the construction of a Central Military Tract railway, quite a 
 large number of workmen camped near the woods along the railroad line, and 
 Cyrus Willard and J. S. Chambers built a store, on land then owned by Daniel 
 Allen, and supplied the wants of these railroad employees. This was the first 
 building erected in Altona, and was the first and only store between Galesburg 
 and Kewanee. Other stores were built in succeeding years, and the fact that there 
 were no other villages near by drew the crowd, greatly to the benefit of Altona. A 
 flouring mill was built by Nils Peterson in 1854, and in connection with it a dis- 
 tillery, which being unpopular, was discontinued after a year. The mill, however, 
 was in use for quite a number of years. 
 
 Altona was platted in 1834, by John Piatt, for the heirs of John Thompson. 
 E. B. Main and Daniel Allen laid out an addition to Altona, just northeast of the 
 original town. At this time the place was called La Pier, but was changed to 
 Altona at the instructions of the railroad officers. There was some confusion over 
 the fact that the postoffice was known as Walnut Grove. In 1863, the name was 
 changed to Reno in honor of the famous general of that name. About that time, 
 the name Reno became decidedly unpopular, as three men of that name were 
 lynched in Indiana. So the citizens rejected it, and they united upon the name of 
 Altona for their village, station and postoffice. 
 
 Altona is blessed with splendid schools. The sentiment of the community 
 favors temperance and it always was a "hot bed of abolitionists." The churches 
 of the county have been written of so thoroughly in other places that little need be 
 said upon the subject in this place. 
 
 The fraternal organizations of Altona consist of the Altona Forum, the Odd 
 Fellows and the Rebekahs. There is also a Masonic lodge. 
 
 It has a fine public library which is highly prized and in constant use by the 
 intelligent citizens. 
 
;': ^ ^ ^ ' V HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY ; r^:v 435 
 
 '." ^, '-,''.*'-'.-' - - . ' :' "' 
 
 ';v;;.^;-^^^ ;<"/;!''; '., RIO TOWNSHIP / '; . .^ ' ;:^^^vj;''''' ' 
 
 This township is situated in the northwest corner of the county. It is well 
 drained by Pope creek and Henderson river. Along these streams was once an 
 abundance of timber. The soil in other parts of the township is very rich, and is 
 claimed, by its owners, to be equal to, or better than that found in almost any 
 other township in the county. It is certain that Rio township has very valuable 
 land. There are, however, two railroads within the township ; one running south 
 and west to Monmouth, and the other south and east to Galesburg, which gives 
 it special facilities for shipping all kinds of farm products. I suppose the claim, 
 that the township has richer land than any other, is applicable to any other town- 
 ship in the county which has any real fine prairie land, and it is fortunate and 
 commendable that so many of the farmers of Knox county make similar claims. 
 
 Joseph Roe is said to have been the first white man to settle in this township. 
 His arrival was closely followed by Reece Jones and Joseph Halliday. 
 
 It was found necessary to erect some defenses during the Black Hawk War, 
 and a stockade was constructed and called Fort Aggie m honor of Miss Cress- 
 well. -- :r 
 
 Whitmore and Wyckoff came from Ohio, on horseback, in 1836. George W. 
 Wier and Elsie Robertson are said to have seen in one drove more than fifty deer, 
 in this vicinity. The names of Larkin, Robertson, Nelson and Louis Coe, Samuel 
 Milton and P. W. Epperson are old names in the township of Rio. Thomas 
 Marion Goff was the first white child born in the township, April 5, 1835. This 
 part of the township was originally called North Prairie, but the citizens in 1850, 
 when the name Rio Grande was so common, were disposed to appropriate this 
 name for their township, but they finally determined upon the simple word Rio. 
 The village of Rio was planted in 1871, by William Robinson, and was first 
 called Coburg, in honor of Coe Brothers. Mr. Schroeder who now resides in 
 Galesburg, Illinois, kept a store in Rio. The postoffice was origfinally called North 
 Prairie, and Nelson Coe was the first postmaster. The business interests of the 
 village are in competent hands and everything about it has an air of neatness and 
 prosperity. Many of the older residents, however, are gone, either by death or 
 removal. There is a hotel at Rio, and accommodations are very good. 
 
 Fraternally Rio township is well provided. There has always been quite a 
 spirit of free masonry, and they have a lodge that has always stood for the best 
 in the order. They also have a chapter of the Masonic Fraternity known as 
 Horeb Chapter. There is an Odd Fellows fraternity, a camp of Modern Wood- 
 men and a chapter of the Order of the Eastern Star. 
 
 -S "'; . \- V:: ' - VICTORIA TOWNSHIP ) -/ ' - ' 
 
 Victoria township although having some very fine and fertile prairies is, never- 
 theless, quite broken. W>lnut creek and its tributaries cut the southern portions 
 of the township, and, until recently, it was rough and heavily timbered. Beneath 
 the surface, however, are fine veins of coal. Stock farming, in this region, has 
 been extensively and successfully conducted. 
 
 In Victoria township, as elsewhere, the early settlers supposed that it was 
 
436 HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY 
 
 better to lcx:ate near the timber. This, of course, is true, when convenience to 
 fire-wood is considered, but it did not take very many years to find out that the 
 rich soil was prairie soil. Pioneers began to come as early as 1835, and some of 
 them located in the timber. Deacon George H. Reynolds was the first man to 
 build a house upon the prairie. He was postmaster of Victoria, and the first 
 tavern keeper. -^'v^ v i'.v 
 
 Victoria township has given education and church building due consideration, 
 both of which were increased very early in its history, and today the township is 
 well supplied. The first Swedish Methodist Church ever established in any 
 country was established in the village of Victoria. It was organized December 15, 
 1846, by the Rev. J. J. Hedstrom, the founder of Swedish Methodism. It had 
 but five members to start on, and today with that starting point there are five 
 large conferences in the United States. 
 
 The first township officers were elected in April, 1853, at which election J. L. 
 Jarnagin was elected supervisor; J. F. Hovell, clerk; B. Youngs, assessgr; C. A. 
 Shurtleff, collector ; Alex Sornberger, overseer of the poor ; A. B. Codding, Peter 
 Van Buren and J. W. Mosher, highway commissioners ; Peter Van Buren, Moses 
 Robinson, justices of the peace; C. A. Shurtleflf and Seneca Mosher, constables. 
 
 . VILLAGE OF VICTORIA ', V':':/^.'> | ' - : ;' 
 
 The village of Victoria is today one of the neatest little villages in the county. 
 It had no railroad for many years. It was located upon high ground, upon a 
 beautiful prairie; and was situated partly in Copley township and partly in 
 Victoria township. It was laid out in May, 1849. It seems that it was started 
 about a mile and a half southeast of the present location, where the pioneers had 
 a store, a tavern and a blacksmith shop, but the Chicago road ran through the 
 present site and George F. Reynolds accommodated transients at his house, and 
 the village gradually moved over to its present site and thereby the village was 
 started before it was ever surveyed. Mr. John Bftcker, late of Galesburg, former- 
 ly conducted a store there and it is claimed that the postoffice distributed more 
 papers, in proportion to the population, than any other town in the county which 
 speaks well for the intelligence of the people. - /[.'-'. 
 
 In 1899, the Galesburg & Great Eastern Railroad was extended into the town- 
 ship and village and added a new impetus to business. Lumber yards, stock 
 yards, elevators, a bank, additional business houses, were soon established. It 
 has a good system of schools and the churches are well supported. 
 ' ''.',' I *;... -.'''.,' ' . ''' 
 
 :\'\ ' '" V . - LYNN TOWNSHIP .,;..>, _-.:-;^.u,rV:; 
 
 This township claims a white settler about as early as any township in the 
 county. One Michael Fraker is said to have arrived in the year 1828, and 
 settled upon secftion 23. He is said to have purchased this land while he was 
 yet in Kentucky, but he found it occupied by the Indians. The men were all 
 absent hunting, but the women and children were upon the place. Mr. Fraker 
 made himself at home upon the property but upon the return of the Indians they 
 disputed his right, but he made himself very friendly and useful to them and, as 
 
436 ; ^^ HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY '; 
 
 better to locate near the timber. This, of course, is true, when convenience to 
 fire-wood is considered, but it did not take very many years to find out that the 
 rich soil was prairie soil. Pioneers began to come as early as 1835, and some of 
 them located in the timber. Deacon George H. Reynolds was the first man to 
 build a house upon the prairie. He was postmaster of Victoria, and the first 
 tavern keeper. . . -I -'' 
 
 Victoria township has given education and church building due consideration, 
 both of which were increased very early in its history, and today the township is 
 well supplied. The first Swedish ^Methodist Church ever established in any 
 country was established in the village of Victoria. It was organized December 15, 
 1846, by the Rev. J. J. Hedstrom, the founder of Swedish Methodism. It had 
 but five members to start on, and today with that starting point there are five 
 large conferences in the United States. 
 
 The first township officers were elected in April, 1853, at which election J. L. 
 Jarnagin was elected supervisor ; J. F. Hovell, clerk ; B. Youngs, assessor ; C. A. 
 Shurtleff, collector ; Alex Sornberger, overseer of the poor ; A. B. Codding, Peter 
 \''an Buren and J. W. Mosher, highway commissioners ; Peter Van Buren, Moses 
 Robinson, justices of the peace; C. A. Shurtleflf and Seneca Mosher, constables. 
 
 VILLAGE OF VICTORIA 
 
 The village of Victoria is today one of the neatest little villages in the county. 
 It had no railroad for many years. It was located upon high ground, upon a 
 beautiful prairie; and was situated partly in Copley township and partly in 
 \'ictoria township. It was laid out in May, 1849. It seems that it was started 
 about a mile and a half southeast of the present location, where the pioneers had 
 a store, a tavern and a blacksmith shop, but the Chicago road ran through the 
 present site and George F. Reynolds accommodated transients at his house, and 
 the village gradually moved over to its present site and thereby the village was 
 started before it was ever surveyed. ^Ir. John Becker, late of Galesburg, former- 
 ly conducted a store there and it is claimed that the postoffice distributed more 
 papers, in proportion to the population, than any other town in the county which 
 speaks well for the intelligence of the people. ; ^'-, j 
 
 In 1899, the Galesburg & Great Eastern Railroad was extended into the town- 
 ship and village and added a new impetus to business. Lumber yards, stock 
 yards, elevators, a bank, additional business houses, were soon established. It 
 has a good system of schools and the churches are well supported. 
 
 / ^:;; LYNX TOWNSHIP ' .: .. 
 
 This township claims a white settler about as early as any township in the 
 county. One ^Michael Fraker is said to have arrived in the year 1828, and 
 settled upon se(?tion 23. He is said to have purchased this land while he was 
 yet in Kentucky, but he found it occupied by the Indians. The men were all 
 absent hunting, but the women and children were upon the place. Mr. Fraker 
 made himself at home upon the property but upon the return of the Indians they 
 disputed his right, but he made himself very friendly and useful to them and, as 
 
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 W 
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 W 
 
- HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY 437 
 
 he was a blacksmith and could fix their guns and, in different ways made himself 
 serviceable, they at once took him in, kindly helped him build a cabin, but finally 
 left him in possession of the property. The Indians made new homes at Indian 
 creek. They returned annually at sugar-making time which they wished him to 
 regard as purely friendly visits. In Mr. Fraker's time, there were quite a num- 
 ber of Indians in his neighborhood, and their trails were visible from Spoon river 
 to the Mississippi. 
 
 There was a grove in the neighborhood which was named Fraker's Grove. 
 Upon the east side of this grove, there was a fiowing spring and the Indians made 
 free use of it. 
 
 Mr. Fraker, being a mechanic, constructed a hand grist mill, the pull stones 
 being made of hard-heads which he found upon the prairie. It was not of the 
 modem kind by any means as the upper stone was turned by means of a pin set 
 in the outer edge of the stone, and was turned by hand. > , 
 
 Mr. Fraker died in 1848, at the age of 79 years. 
 
 The population increased rather slowly until the arrival of the railroad. This 
 gave them trading and shipping points that encouraged settlement and then it 
 became more populous. .i;.. 
 
 The first grist sent to a mill, that could do any amount of work, was taken 
 by William Dunbar to Tazewell county. A person often had to wait two weeks 
 for his turn to come to get grain in town. 
 
 Among the recreations that were indulged in, in the early times, were wolf 
 hunts and both men and women engaged in this sport. The women went along 
 and prepared meals of chickens, potatoes and other eatables for the tired hunters, 
 at the close of each day. 
 
 The township was organized April 5, 1853, the same as all other townships of 
 the county. Lynn township has never had a village that amounted to anything. 
 In the early days, an effort was made to attract people to the south line of the 
 township, called Centerville. This was afterwards platted and named Milroy, 
 but that proved a failure and nothing is left to mark the spot. 
 
 ;:- ;;..y :'} ;;''^; j PERSIFER TOWNSHIP ' h, '^.:.:: 
 
 Persifer township is better adapted to grazing than to agriculture although 
 quite a large portion of the surface is excellent farm land, but there is consider- 
 able bottom land which is covered by timber, and there is good timber along the 
 streams. Its mineral resources include coal and sandstone. 
 
 Among the old settlers of the township was, John Persifer Frazer Smith, 
 after whom the first postoffice, which was established about 1847, was named. 
 This, in turn, gave rise to the name of the township. 
 
 This township is especially rich in its early pioneers. There were William 
 Norris, who came in 1832 ; Jessie and Willis Reynolds and Beverley Young came 
 from Kentucky; Chas. Bradford, from Ohio, and these parties settled about the 
 year 1834, in Persifer township. R. C. Benson, E. J. Wyman, Jacob Lorance, 
 John Spear, are also familiar names. A little later came Edmund Russell, Isaac 
 Sherman, G. W. Mauley, James Maxey, T. D. Butt, John Colville and Caleb 
 
488 ^ HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY 
 
 Reece. Hon. R. W. Miles was also an early settler in Persifer, These men 
 have always given character to the township. 
 
 It is said that the first mill built in Knox county was built by Robert Hendrix 
 in 1834, on Court creek, in Persifer township. The Elliott mill was built in 1840, 
 at the north of Court creek, on Spoon river. It was designed for coarse lumber 
 but was afterwards turned into a flouring mill. Another mill was built by Chas. 
 Haptonstall, about 1848, on Court creek about a half mile above Appleton bridge. 
 These mills, of course, are now no more. 
 
 Persifer has been well supplied with churches. Bethel chapel, built in 1863; 
 Maxley chapel, Mound and Persifer belonging to the United Brethren denomina- 
 tion, and a Mormon church at Dahinda. ;.]'-- ^ 
 
 The first schoolhouse was built in 1841. Who taught the first public school, is 
 not definitely known. 
 
 The Santa Fe railroad runs into Persifer, east and west. Along Court creek 
 it gave rise to two nice little towns, Appleton and Dahinda. 
 
 The present site of Dahinda was once an Indian village as will be learned from 
 the article, in this history, on the Indians. For some years after the arrival of 
 the white men, remains of their wigwams were found and there were twenty-five 
 or thirty mounds near by which contained human bones, presumably Indian 
 graves. Many arrow-heads and stone axes have been found, and one branch of 
 the Galena trail passed through the township, from north to south, crossing Court 
 creek at the point where the Appleton bridge now stands. . j .. . ^ 
 
 The first iron bridge was built in 1875, where the present Appleton now 
 stands. 
 
 This village was laid out in 1888, by the Santa Fe road and the Land Company, 
 and it contains about 47^ acres. It stands on the northwest quarter of section 
 24, as a f i^eight and express office and passenger station. There is a fine bridge 
 over the Spoon river near this point. 
 
 .'.->;<%;:'-;.' ^ , '.' ^''- APPLETON '-''":'':''.' ''V;v':. >V' 
 
 This village was laid out in the same year on the southwest quarter of section 
 15. by those interested in the Santa Fe road. Miles Forest was the surveyor. 
 There were freight and express offices, a store, grain elevator, lumber yard, dwell- 
 ings, etc., etc. There is also a postoffice. Grain and a large quantity of stock 
 are shipped here annually. , . , . ^ . , , ... 
 
 : :^7- TRURO TOWNSHIP ;^^-^- ' % 
 
 This township is known as one of the two roughest townships in the county. 
 This refers, of course, to the surface. Spoon river enters it on section 12, about 
 two miles from the northeast corner of the township, and flows southwesterly 
 leaving it on section 31, and takes a course of about fifteen or sixteen miles. The 
 river has many tributaries and all ot them cut the surface into ridges and valleyB, 
 
; ;;;vX ^ HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY X :''$ 439 
 
 and, in many places, have made a very picturesque line of scenery. The timber 
 has been gradually disappearing and the land converted into pastures which have 
 proved to be a great source of profit. There is a large body of good coal under 
 the surface which furnishes an ample supply of fuel. 
 
 The first settlement was made in 1832, by John Dill. In 1833, occurred the 
 first marriage ceremony by which Jacob Ryan and Miss Stemball were united. 
 The first death was occasioned by the drowning in Spoon river of Mahlon 
 Winans, a U. S. mail carrier, who attempted to swim across the river. Quite a 
 number of ferries were started in the eastem and southeastem part of Knox 
 county, because Spoon river flows through that portion of the county. One John 
 Colman, started a Spoon river ferry in 1834, and it was known by his name. 
 Afterwards it was called Trenton. 
 
 Truro township has been quite rich in Indian relics, and upon section 31 a 
 number of graves were found. Logs had been split into halves and hollowed out 
 for coffins, and they were placed in the forks of trees, ten to fifteen feet above 
 the ground, where they rested, the remaining skeletons projecting above the 
 tops. They were taken down in 1836 and given a white man's burial. 
 
 Notwithstanding the roughness of the surface, there are still level prairies, 
 north and south of Spoon river, that have attracted prosperous fanners. The 
 land has been well tilled, herds of cattle, sheep and horses and of well-bred hogs 
 are common sights upon these farms. 
 
 The population is chiefly American-bom citizens of English, Irish, Scotch 
 and Swedish ancestors. People of all religious faiths, Protestants and Catholics, 
 joined in advancing education. And there is a perfect assimilation of different 
 nations, come through a spirit of broad charity in the matter of religious faith. 
 
 ''';.'.:> S;'X-^-'X^v,-^-./'':'X-v; ' WILLIAMSFIELD .^f\ --^.-r/ 
 
 The Santa Fe railroad was built through the township of Truro in 1887, and 
 on April 24, 1888, Williamsfield was laid out by E. P. Percell and has become 
 one of the most prosperous towns in the county. It has graded schools and 
 churches, banks, a printing office, etc., etc. Various lines of mercantile houses are 
 represented which include general stores, hardware stores, meat market, lumber 
 yards, furniture and undertaking establishments, restaurants, livery bams, 
 barber shops, blacksmith shops, dry goods and millinery. 
 
 The Odd Fellows and Degree of Rebekah are also represented here. 
 
 '^'r- V : ::.7; /: HAW CREEK TOWNSHIP - r : ^ < ::>!^: - i^C^ 
 
 The surface of this township is quite pictorial and attractive. About two- 
 thirds of its area is fine prairie, and the remainder has been timber land. The 
 timber was chiefly on the east and the west where the surface is more hilly, the 
 prairie land lying between, and extending north and south across the township. 
 Spoon river enters the township at the northeast corner and winds through the 
 first and second tiers on the section on the east and leaves the township at the mid- 
 dle of section 35. There is a high ridge, constituting a watershed, extending from 
 the middle of the north line southwesterly and south, passing into Maquon town- 
 
440 HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY |- 
 
 ship pretty near the west line of section 31, All of the area between Spoon river 
 and this watershed is thoroughly drained by small streams that enter into Spoon 
 river. These streams not only drain the land well, but afford excellent stock 
 water. 
 
 There is an underlying vein of coal through the center part and also just west 
 of this watershed. It is from 20 to 28 inches thick and therefore cannot be 
 profitably worked, yet more or less of it is mined for home use. Both agriculture 
 and stock-raising are profitably carried on. The farmers are progressive and 
 the newer knowledge in regard to farming is quickly taken up. 
 
 There are no colored people within the township. The population is almost 
 wholly of native-born citizens, who are noted for their sobriety and industry 
 and are universally well informed. 
 
 The first family that settled in this township, was that of Mrs. Elizabeth 
 Gillmore Owen, a widow who was accompanied by her son, Pamach, and her 
 daughters, from Ohio, in 1829. The neighbors were quite remote, some being in 
 other townships. Parnach Owen was a land speculator, and his business took 
 him from home quite a great deal. Two years after their arrival, they removed 
 to Knoxville. The son, Pamach, was prominent in the organization of the 
 county, and was its first official surveyor. Other families came about the same 
 time, James Nevitt, Samuel Slocum, David Teel and David Enochs. Then came 
 Woodford Pearce, David Housh, Joshua Burnett, Jacob Harshbarger, Linneus 
 Richmond, William W. Dickerson, and others. 
 
 There was a well established settlement in 1834. The first sermon was 
 preached by the noted pioneer. Rev. Peter Cartwright, in 1831. Rev. Richard 
 Haney and Rev. William Clark were also among the early Methodist circuit 
 riders. Susan Dempsey was the first school teacher, and her work began in 
 1836. A church was erected in 1864, on section 17. Prior to that time, the 
 schoolhouses of the township were used for religious services, and a regular old- 
 fashioned camp ground had been selected in a grove not far east of Gilson. The 
 Methodists of the county gathered there annually for a season of religious 
 worship, until about two years ago, when the improvements were all destroyed by 
 fire. The real estate was then given to Hedding College of Abingdon, and has 
 been sold. 
 
 It will be interesting to notice a little more fully the organization of the camp 
 association. Pursuant to a notice, published in the Knox County Republican, the 
 Knox county Methodists met in Orange chapel, September 19, 1868, for the 
 purpose of organizing a camp ground association. Peter Godfrey, J. C. Elwell 
 and Joshua Burnett, Jr., were elected trustees to purchase and hold land for the 
 association. They bought of N. G. Clark, between ii and 12 acres of ground for 
 $474.00. On September 3, 1869, the number of trustees was increased to nine, 
 and on October 5, 1872, another acre was purchased for $45.00. It is located 
 on the line of the C., B. & Q. R. R., a mile southeast of Gilson, and is well 
 adapted for the purposes for which it was purchased. The improvements have 
 been good in the form of fences, corrals and buildings, wells have been dug, all 
 costing about $1,500.00. The meetings begin on Tuesday, before the fourth Sun- 
 day in August, and last one week. In 1882, they began charging a gate fee for 
 
S.V-^^> ^^^K:; HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY : ^'^ 441 
 
 all visitors. About $8oo was accumulated in the treasury with which substantial 
 improvements were made. 
 
 In the beginning, the only available markets, for farm products, were along 
 the Illinois and Mississippi rivers and on Lake Michigan. Grain was hauled to 
 Chicago, the sellers bringing back merchandise for the local markets. The 
 Peoria branch of the Burlington road now i-uns through the township, and 
 affords a good market at Gilson, in the northwest, and Maquon in the south. 
 
 The township was organized in 1853, at the same time with all other town- 
 ships of the county. William M. Clark was elected supervisor; Woodford 
 Pearce, clerk; Isaac Lotts, assessor; Joseph Harshbarger, collector; Jacob Wolfe, 
 overseer of the poor; John N. Lynn and Enoch Godfrey, justices of the peace; 
 John Pickrel and William Lewis, constables ; Milton Lotts, L. N. T. Randall and 
 Benoni Simpkins, commissioners of highways ; all good stalwart citizens. 
 
 Two villages were established within the township ; one called Mechanicsburg 
 and the other Gilson. Mechanicsburg was built first. It had a store, wagon and 
 blacksmith shop and a postoffice which was named Haw Creek. On March 5, 
 1857, the postoffice was removed to Gilson and the village of Mechanicsburg fell 
 to decay. 
 
 A large grist mill was built in an early day on section 34, on Spoon river. 
 For many years the mill did a flourishing business. The flow of the river 
 ceased to be regular and as the mill could be operated only a portion of the year, 
 it has been abandoned. 
 
 In 1849, there was a great cholera scare in the township of Maquon. It was 
 occasioned by the arrival of three immigrant families, Stanniford, Richardson 
 and Foster. The scourge appeared shortly after their arrival and the community 
 was considerably disturbed. It resulted in the death of Mr. Stanniford, Mrs. 
 Fred Foster, Mrs. Thomas Richardson, William Richardson and two children. 
 All others escaped. .-..: 
 
 This is the township in which occurred what is known as the "Rand 
 Tragedy." In 1877, a tramp entered the residence of Woodford Pearce of 
 Gilson, and departed with quite an assortment of personal property, including 
 $75.00 in money. The hue and cry of theft was raised and a posse soon started 
 in pursuit. Rand was discovered in a grove nearby. He was armed, and observ- 
 ing the approach of his pursuers he retreated into a com field, firing as he fled ; 
 his shots were returned and during the conflict William Keller was shot in the 
 ankle. The field was soon surrounded by a large number of men and boys. The 
 tramp again took flight, firing as he ran. A horse, ridden by James Pickrel, was 
 wounded, and the rider's knee bruised. Another horse, carrying Charles Maston 
 and Charles Cramer, was shot and killed, and a bullet through the heart killed 
 Charles Beldon. Shots were also exchanged with Charles McKown, at very short 
 range. The tramp received a slight flesh wound in the arm and side, and McKown 
 was shot through the left lung. Night coming on, the tramp made good his 
 escape. He had cast aside his vest and shirt, and in one pocket an express receipt 
 was found given to Frank Rand. This clew led to his ultimate capture in St. 
 Louis, through the skillful efforts of Frank Hitchcock, the sheriff of Peoria 
 county. Before thfs, however. Rand had committed another robbery near St. 
 Elmo, Illinois, at the house of John Scholes, killing Mr. Scholes, another man. 
 
HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY 
 
 and dangerously wounding a third. When his arrest in St. Louis was attempted, 
 he resisted and killed one policeman who was assisting in making his arrest. He 
 was tried and convicted at Galesburg, Illinois, and sentenced to life imprisonment 
 in Joliet penitentiary. Seven years later, he broke the warden's skull with an 
 iron bar, and was shot by a prison guard. 
 
 ' ' '' " i- 
 
 -. """'' 
 
 ';;' "'>-'^'P'- '.':.''.;': -'- '' GILSON , - , > . 
 
 The village of Gilson was laid out July lo, 1857, o" t^c southeast quarter of 
 section 7, by Linneus Richmond and James Gilson. It is just on the edge of the 
 timber of Haw creek, eleven miles from Galesburg, and is on the Peoria branch 
 of the Burlington road. The engines, at that time, bumed wood and a large 
 trade for the sale of wood to the railroad company grew up. The trees have 
 been cut away leaving Gilson now the appearance of a beautiful prairie village. 
 
 Gilson has a graded school and two churches. Its business is mostly con- 
 fined to local trade. ^;^>^ ; . . : 
 
 /./ ; ELBA TOWNSHIP :^:^^:^t^4 ';i::;:Ct'^\ 
 
 The surface of this township is beautiful and undulating. There is good 
 natural drainage by French creek and numerous small streams which flow into it. 
 French creek flows from northeast to southwest and there has been quite a 
 growth of timber along its banks. Spoon river crosses the northwest comer. 
 The soil is very fertile and adapted to the growth of grains and a large annual 
 crop of wheat, corn and oats is harvested. Considerable hay, timothy, clover 
 and blue grass- is also reaped. Some apples, peaches and a large variety of small 
 fruits is grown here. 
 
 There is no railroad in Elba township, but the Santa Fe line at the north, and 
 the Burlington in the south, afford very good shipping points. 
 
 : The township was organized on April 5, 1853, and a full line of town 
 officers were chosen. 
 
 The earliest settlers have their beginning in Thomas King, in the fall of 1836, 
 who settled upon section 2 of Elba townsTiip. John and Felix Thurman soon 
 came, also Leonard and Darius Jones, from New York. Not long afterwards, 
 Jacob Kightlinger with his wife arrived. Mr. Kightlinger had a large family of 
 children and employed a private tutor to instruct them, thereby gaining time in 
 not waiting for the establishment of a general school. He is credited also with 
 being the builder of the first schoolhouse of the township. James Harrison 
 Baird came from Pennsylvania in 1838. Among the later settlers came Josiah 
 Nelson, Henry Oberholtzer, William H. Baird, Henry Potts, John Calligan, John 
 Lindsey, Walter Bailey, Benjamin Pittman, James Catterton and others. R. G. 
 Matthews was long a resident of this township, but finally moved to Galesburg 
 where he held the office of sheriff for some time, and died in Galesburg. He was 
 known as a very excellent man. ":.':/' .-'.'v:;;'-:- :-'A 
 
 ';:"':;-'^''^''/>'_-'i's>''_,;' .:;'-"' 
 
 *''.. . * .'. - ' . ^- - '?' '.',,' 
 
,^: -;y:; : :;;^ v;: V HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY ^ Vv^if 443 
 
 ^:vJ;;^;'2:''^''''^;'^^.^^^ SALEM TOWNSHIP ; b: / ' -Hl''^ 
 
 Salem township lies in the southeast corner of Knox county. It is well watered 
 by small streams and its natural features are beautiful. There are two ridges 
 crossing the township known as divides, one of them entering from the east at 
 the southeast corner of section i passes westward. Just north of Yates City it 
 then curves quickly to the south and southeast passing through section 14, then 
 turning abruptly to the west it curves and crosses the northern part of section 22 
 and then turns northwest and leaves the township on the north side of the town 
 of Douglas, formerly called Summit. The waters north of that flow into French 
 creek, and there are quite a number of little streams which, with small tribu- 
 taries, cover nearly all of the county. The other divide starts in section 25 and 
 passes northward for about one and a half miles, then turning a little north and 
 west and leaves the township at the corner between sections i8 and 19. This is 
 known as the French creek and Willow Watershed. It passes nearly parallel 
 with the first divide described, and Pease branch drains the land between the two 
 divides, and Willow creek and its branches take care of that portion of the town- 
 ship south of this last watershed. Parties who are interested in studying the 
 drainage of Knox county, will do well to make frequent references to the geo- 
 graphical map prepared by Mr. Jelliff illustrating his article on geologic and 
 topographical topics. 
 
 The township is well provided with railroad facilities. The Peoria division 
 of the Burlingfton passes through Yates City. A branch runs to the south into 
 Fulton county and so on to Vermont and Rushville. At Vermont it goes to the 
 south and eastward and reaches St. Louis. 
 
 It is a delight to drive over this township. Excellent views may be obtained 
 from almost any point upon the ridges described above. 
 
 Good belts of timber were found along the streams which have been described, 
 most of which has been cut away. 
 
 Salem township was organized under the general law April 5, 1853. The elec- 
 tion was held in a log schoolhouse, near Michael Egan's home, on section 29. S. 
 S. Buflum was elected supervisor. John Sloan was one of Salem's most excellent 
 citizens, and at one time served eight succeeding terms of one year each as 
 supervisor of the township, and at other periods he served from one to three 
 years. His advice was found most excellent in constructing the new court house 
 at Galesburg. 
 
 The first settlement was made by Alexander Taylor in 1834, then came Felix 
 and John Thurman, Henry and Avery Dalton, Solomon Sherwood, Benoni Haw- 
 kins, William Kent, John Darnell, John Haskins and Sala Blakesbee, most of 
 whom brought their families with them. Mr. Avery Dalton is still living at Elm- 
 wood, Illinois. These early settlers brought their religious faith with them, and, 
 from time to time, held prayer meetings at different places. In 1835 or 1836, Rev. 
 . Henry Somers visited the settlement and preached the first sermon at the home 
 of William Kent, on section 13. 
 
 James Mason built the first saw-mill on Kickapoo creek, in section 13, in 1835. 
 Another one was built a little later by Anderson Corbin, on section 14. 
 .. .The township is well supplied with excellent bridges, mostly constructed of 
 
444 i HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY 
 
 iron with good substantial stone abutments. The roads are in fairly good con- 
 dition having been graded and dragged, but no macadam has been laid. 
 
 There is a large quantity of coal beneath the surface which has been mined for 
 local use, from an early date, along the banks of the stream, upon the north and 
 south sides of the township. The mines on Kickapoo and Littler's creeks are the 
 most productive. Messrs. Pittman and Barlow, blacksmiths and farmers, of 
 Fulton county, are said to have taken out coal from section 25, in the year 1832, 
 which they used in their own forges. 
 
 Stock-raising is an important industry of this township. It has added a great 
 deal to its wealth. N. G. Daughmer and son, David Corey and son, H. A. and 
 James Sloan, E. H. Ware, Frank Runyon, A. D. Moore and R. J. McKeighan, 
 were all successful stock-raisers. -, . ^ | .V 
 
 The schools of Salem township have the benefit of a very valuable library 
 which was started by Prof. W. L. Steel, now superintendent of the city schools of 
 Galesburg. At that time he was the principal of the graded school in Yates City, 
 and in September, 1878, proposed to the school board, composed of J. D. Hoyt, 
 J. M. Taylor and L. A. Lawrence, the organization of a school and public library, 
 to be under the control of the board, and open at all hours to pupils of the school 
 and to the public, upon payment of a membership fee. The plan was adopted, 
 a constitution and by-laws framed and nearly $100.00 received from a public en- 
 tertainment given on Thanksgiving Day of that year. The movement was sup- 
 ported by the public from the first and has been regularly and systematically 
 carried on. The library has steadily grown and, at the present time, has about 
 2,500 volumes of all classes of books which the young men and women of the 
 city and township so thoroughly appreciate and use. I ' .' : ' 
 
 A postoffice was established in 1837, at a place called Middle Grove which was 
 near what is now Uniontown. 
 
 The underground railroad had a well defined road through Salem in ante- 
 bellum times and many a colored man or woman found safe passage over this 
 road on his way to Canadian freedom. . , -;,,' ':.'; 
 
 
 ... .... DOUGLAS [.-':-.". '^ '.'':':'"/.-::. 
 
 Douglas, formerly Summit, is Salem township's second village and was laid 
 out on the northeast corner-of the northeast quarter of section 7, by W. G. Ware 
 in October, 1856. It was surveyed by E. T. Byram.' 
 
 Its existence is due to the building of the Peoria and Oquawka railroad. 
 . The surrounding country has made it a lively trading place in general 
 merchandise. _ : 'V ' . , . >. .;;^'.. -., - 
 
 ' "' ...-VX- . . . ... UNIONTOWN ;..'..'-;-"/';"..'';';-'.': 
 
 ,'. ' ' '. '.-. . ' . . 1 ' ''.''*''-''.. ^'' 
 
 , ,.'';-'. ^ ' - ' . ,. ' . -'.-'' - . .-''..'-' .-'' \ , r *.''., > - ' -V ' 
 
 This is the oldest village in the township of Salem. It was laid out by Moses 
 Shinn in June, 1839, was surveyed and platted by George A. Charles. 
 
 It is beautifully situated in the western extremity of a high divide and over- 
 looks a wide expanse of prairie. 
 
;^^^^:;;;C^r^; " HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY . 445 
 
 ' -' > -. Vi'.^ ' .' *' ".-- '. ;. '. ., . . - . 
 
 ' . .' -i ' '- '^.- - ' . -, -. . - . 
 
 : It was of considerable importance in the earlier days, and was upcm the 
 original survey of the Peoria and Iowa railroads. 
 
 In addition to the usual stores and enterprises connected with a growing town 
 in those days, it had a factory for plows and wagons, and the burning of brick 
 was also one of its industries. A primitive shingling machine was owned by 
 Elisha Van Pelt in 1843. Cottonwood and black walnut were the timbers gener- 
 ally used. 
 
 It had a school in 1843, in a frame building originally intended for a store, on 
 the corner of the public square. ;. .'; 
 
 It is said to have been named from Uniontown, Portage county, in Ohio. 
 
 A later survey for the railway, in 1856, located a line about two miles further 
 north from the town, and from that time the village rapidly declined until 1869, 
 when the legislature vacated the plat. 
 
 :i''.;-C-;;::-;;vV/'V'V;,;;:V;;- CHESTNUT TOWNSHIP;. .v^/:.'.v': if',:?.:''-' '^"''v 
 
 Chestnut township is very rough in portions. Brush creek enters the town- 
 ship on section 6, flows southeast to the central line of the township then again 
 winding to the northeast somewhat, finally flowing in a southerly direction, 
 empties into Haw creek on section 12 and thence finds its way, through Haw 
 creek, to Spoon river at west line of section 24. There are numerous tributaries 
 that flow into this creek, mostly from the south. Spoon river enters the town- 
 ship on section 24, and winds in southwesterly direction leaving the township at 
 about the middle of section 34. There is a divide that enters the township at the 
 village of Hermon on section 19, and this curves to the north and then quite 
 abruptly to the south in section 27. South of that divide there are also 
 several quite good streams that flow south into Spoon river. This makes the 
 northern part of the township quite rough and a portion of the southern part. 
 The banks of these streams were originally heavy timber, most of which has been 
 cut away. It is in one of the southern rows of townships of the county and is the 
 second township east of the principal meridian. The soil is fertile and more 
 than half is prairie soil. It is crossed by two lines of railroad, one running from 
 Lewistown in Fulton county northward to Galesburg, and the other the Iowa 
 Central. The first railroad was formerly known as the Fulton County Narrow 
 Gauge, but it is now called the Havana branch of the C., B. & Q. 
 
 The earliest settler was Anthon Dolph from Kentucky. He came in 1833, > 
 and raised a crop, and in 1834 he became a permanent settler. The next year 
 came John Terry from Virginia who was a justice of the peace, and performed 
 the first marriage ceremony in the township, uniting a Mr. Gay and a Miss 
 Cooke, who rode a long distance, to appear before the justice, upon the back of 
 one horse. It is said that Squire Terry once united a couple who stood upon the 
 opposite bank of Spoon river, while he performed the ceremony on the bank, 
 the waters being too high and too tumultuous for either party to cross. The next 
 settlers were Robert Leigh and Archibald Long, in 1836. Mr. Long raised hemp 
 and constructed a rude factory where he manufactured his own and his neigh- 
 bor's hemp into rope. For a time it was profitable and he got to be well off.- 
 Mr. Long settled on section 19, where, in 1842, he platted the village of Hermon. 
 
 
446 HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY 
 
 Being a Methodist preacher, he soon organized a Methodist class which met 
 regularly at his house for many years. Mr. O. P. Barton was also an early 
 settler and was noted for his walking ability. On one occasion he walked to the 
 land office at Quincy, one hundred miles distant, and arrived there ahead of sev- 
 eral other parties who started on horseback at the same time. Mr. Herman Way 
 was another pioneer and was noted as a hunter. Mr. Dolph built a house of logs 
 in 1833, and Mr. Robert Leigh erected a brick house in 1845, which was the first 
 brick house of the township. The old state road which ran from the southeast 
 portion of the township in a northwesterly direction crossed Spoon river which 
 was bridged in about 1846. It was a cumbersome affair, and was demolished 
 and carried away by a flood in 1855. 
 
 A grave yard was started on section 3, which was used by the earlier settlers, 
 but is no longer used for that purpose. It is, however, kept in good condition by 
 parties living in the neighborhood. 
 
 , . A Mr. Howard built a mill in 1846. It was a combination mill designed for the 
 manufacture of lumber and the grinding of corn. It was used but a few years 
 and then abandoned. There was a saw mill on Littler's creek, on section 25, about 
 the same time, which finally went the same road to destruction. 
 
 Wayside stores were established in Chestnut township, one by John Terry on 
 section i6, and one by Mr. Moore on section 15. Mr. Moore's venture was un- 
 successful and soon abandoned. The stock carried by Mr. Terry was also very 
 limited. 
 
 One of the earliest taverns was kept by Jonathan Potts, on section 22, on the 
 old state road. ^: ,- ^''I. V ; /> ; . ^^v '"!' Vi-^-'.^- ' 
 
 Dr. Porter and Dr. Morse and Dr. Wilson, were physicians who, beginning 
 with 1838, succeeded each other in the order named. 
 
 Dependence was placed upon a town named Troy, in Fulton county, and on 
 Knoxville, Knox county, for postal facilities. Hermon was made a postoffice in 
 1848, the mail being brought from Knoxville. Mr. Massey was the first 
 pxDstmaster. 
 
 Township organization was not adopted until 1857, at which time Samuel 
 Collins was elected supervisor; John Terry and David Massey, justices of the 
 peace ; Mr. Macoy, clerk ; and William Graves and Freeman West, constables. A 
 town called Harrisonville was laid out on section 23 in 1852, by Andrew J. Parker. 
 It was upon the right bank of Spoon river, near where the present bridge crosses 
 that stream. It never grew and the place was vacated in 1869, by act of the 
 legislature. - V ' . ' -;^:';" ^ 
 
 r '"_:/ ^'''-^^^ '"''- ' / HERMON VILLAGE V'. ' "\ 'r;';^' ,V- .L '^^V .^ '^ 
 
 The village of Hermon was laid out by Archibald Long in May, 1842. It was 
 originally named Harrisonville but the name was changed to Hermon in 1848, 
 on the establishment of the postoffice. For a number of years it was a stirring 
 business place, but Knoxville and Abingdon grew so rapidly with excellent rail- 
 road facilities, that it put a stop to the growth of Hermon. It is now a small 
 village located on the Iowa Central. ' /^'^ ' '-^;;C^-^^^' 
 
T - : :; ' HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY ! V> 
 
 . . ; > w :; :S^ ; INDIAN POINT TOWNSHIP -. v - ": ;V -:.- 
 
 It is supposed that the first white man coming into Indian Point, for the 
 purpose of making a home, was Azel Dorsey, who came from Cedar, in 1829. He 
 remained but a few years. The first permanent settlement was made five years 
 later by John B. Latimer who immigrated from Tennessee with his family, in 
 1834. Then came John H. Lomax and Stephen Howard from Kentucky, John 
 Howard, Isaac and Alexander Latimer and John Crawford, in 1835. Mr. Craw- 
 ford was a minister of the Cumberland Presbyterian church. In 1836 Mr. Daniel 
 Meek purchased the home of Alexander Latimer, and with him came John Kil- 
 liam. Other people came along and the list of names, including so many sturdy 
 men, is tempting, but we cannot mention them all. Mr. Merriweather Brown and 
 Bartlett Boydstun were among them. Mr. Brown was at one time a county 
 commissioner. Mr. Brown's son, William A., was superintendent of the building 
 and bridge department of the C., B. & Q. company at Galesburg. Mr. Meek 
 was an extensive breeder of fine live stock and took great interest in public affairs. 
 The early settlers of Indian Point encountered no Indians although traces of their 
 occupations were found. The remains of their wigwams together with arrow ' 
 heads, spear heads, axes and other implements were numerous. This circum- 
 stance gave the name to the township of Indian Point. The Mount Hope Farm 
 is the highest point of elevation within the township and from it may be obtained 
 a view extending twelve miles to the east and commanding most of Indian Point 
 and Cedar, also Orange, and a large part of Chestnut township. Most of the 
 farmers have been engaged in raising grain and live stock. To mention the 
 names of W. W. Byram, Robert Byram, J. W. Dawdy, Robert Smith, James 
 Bowton, William Cable, Frederick Hall, T. H. Row, and some others, brings a 
 vision of fine well kept herds of cattle. Mr. J. W. Dawdy and son were : - 
 especially successful in raising Shorthorn cattle. The Byrams also dealt largely 
 in Norman horses, raised by themselves. Fine Poland China hogs were also 
 produced upon the farms of Indian Point. 
 
 The first Protestant religious services held in the township, of which any 
 record has been preserved, were conducted by Rev. John Crawford, a Cumber- 
 land Presbyterian. They were held at the house of John Howard in 1848. The 
 first church organization was effected under the Rev. Mr. Williams, a Methodist, 
 at the Valley schoolhouse. They both disbanded in 1858, and subsequently the 
 M. E. church organized a class, but this did not continue long. A Roman Cath- 
 olic mission was established, at the present site of St. Augustine, and at a compar- 
 atively early date. It was conducted by the Rev. Father St. Cyr in 1837. In 
 1843, a church building was dedicated by the Rt. Rev. Bishop Kendrick of St. 
 Louis. Twenty years later a new structure was built. The first school was built 
 and opened in the winter of 1837, and was taught by Dennis Clark, later judge of 
 the county court. The school district embraced Indian Point and part of War- 
 ren county, and the schoolhouse was constructed of logs and located on section 
 1 6. There was an enrollment of thirty pupils the first winter. 
 
 The township is now crossed by two railroads, the C., B. & Q., and the 
 Central Iowa. - - x ^:! " 
 
448 HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY ,,.;:: 
 
 ./-,::;-;ff|:;;^ ';'.:;;. : ;;>': ST. AUGUSTINE -^'i -'::'.;>.::* 
 
 The original site of St. Augustine, known as "Old St. Augustine," was in 
 Fulton county. When the Burlington road was built, the company found a side 
 track could not be built nearer the village than the site of the present depot. 
 The business soon drifted away from the old town site. In 1854, the new St. 
 Augustine was laid out by E. T. Byram, one-half mile north of the old village. 
 
 ;::^V,:;*M.;-. vV: . ^-\, CEDAR TOWNSHIP ''"-1'?^:^ 
 
 -"'' f ''' '''' ~ - ''-'' 
 
 Within the limits of Cedar township, there is quite an area which was 
 originally covered with timber. Brush creek enters along the west side of the 
 township for quite a distance, and the land along the creek with its tributaries, 
 was covered with a fine quality of timber. There were sugar maple, various 
 kinds of oak, walnut, wild cherry, elm, ash, basswood and hickory. The abun- 
 dance of the wild cherry gave to the township the name of Cherry Grove, but 
 this name proved a duplication of the name of another town elsewhere within the 
 state, and the people selected the name of Cedar in its place. 
 
 There is more or less of coal and building stone found within the township. 
 ,. The first settlers were Azel Dorsey, on section i8, and Rev. Hiram Palmer, 
 a Methodist minister, on section 7, both of whom came in 1828. In 1829, A. D. 
 Swarts, the founder of Abingdon and Hedding College, settled on section 17. The 
 first sermon heard in the township was preached by Rev. Mr. Palmer. The 
 first members of the Latimer family that reached here, were Joseph, and his son, 
 George. Jonathan Latimer and Jacob West settled upon section 28 in the follow- 
 ing year. Then came John C. and Alexander Latimer, their sister, Mrs. Richard 
 Boren and their brothers-in-law, U. D. Coy and Israel Marshall. 
 . The settlers were compelled to go to Ellisville for milling purposes, and at 
 times were compelled to wait for their grist, but were served in turn according 
 to the time of their arrival. In 1833, Joshua Bland built a horsepower corn- 
 cracker on section i6, which was warmly welcomed by the pioneers. 
 
 Robert Bell taught the first school in Cherry Grove settlement, and the 
 second school in Knox county. { '- . 
 
 Cherry Grove Seminary was founded by Jonathan Latimer and the other 
 members of the Cumberland Presbyterian denomination, and was located on sec- 
 tion 29. From the records of the Presbytery, it is established that this school 
 opened prior to 1840, under the charge of Rev. Cyrus Haynes, a minister of that 
 creed. This seminary was abandoned in 1866, the Cumberland Presbyterians 
 having established a college at Lincoln, 111. 
 
 Indian Point and Cedar, prior to 1850, were known as the Cherry Grove 
 voting precincts. On January 14, 1850, by order of the county judge. Cherry 
 Grove was separated from the other township. I ;.7; 
 
 The township was organized in 1853, and elected a full line of officers. This 
 election was held at what was then known as Louisville, a small group of houses 
 about three miles north of Abingdon, on section 17. A vote was taken for the 
 place of holding the next election, and this resulted in favor of Louisville. 
 Louisville was laid out by John S. Garrett. It was platted September 30, 1836, 
 
/^^^I'^'-^-^^-.^y^-"'--'"'' HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY :i- v?> 449 
 
 and wjfs quite a town for a time. The growth of Abingdon, however, killed it, 
 and all that is left to mark the site is a district schoolhouse. Elections have ever 
 X since been held at Abingdon. Churches were established very early in the history 
 : of Cedar and will be found treated in other portions of this work. 
 Farming and stock raising have been the chief industries of the township and 
 some as fine stock has been raised there as could be found anywhere upon the 
 market. Large herds of Shorthorn, Hereford, Galloway, Angus, Holstein and 
 Jersey cattle, have been bred in the township. 
 
 ;V Cedar has always maintained a high degree of patriotism. It is said to have 
 
 ;.' furnished 225 volunteers for the Civil War, and of the old settlers there are 17 
 
 soldiers of the War of 1812, four of the early Indian wars and two of two Mexi- 
 
 > can wars, found in its cemeteries. Forty-nine soldiers of the Civil War are also 
 
 ' . buried within the township limits. , :'; .AV 
 
 v,: ;^\^'-i^'-'':':^;-; -' '''^'' S^'-;^ ORANGE TOWNSHIP ^ ;;, ' ':-l:-.''f ^ ' 
 
 V :;^ The early settlers of Orange township suffered somewhat from fear of Indian 
 
 ..-depredations, the same as in all other townships, notwithstanding the fact that in 
 
 ... 1830 when the first settlers arrived the Indians were already moving to the west, 
 
 ,;. and very few of them remained. Nevertheless, a blockhouse was erected in 1830 
 
 .=;. or 1831, and the murder of a white man, by a band of hostile savages, during the 
 
 ' ; Black Hawk War, spread great consternation throughout the small community. 
 
 ,: The township is crossed by several well defined trails. The Peoria and 
 
 ; Galena trails run diagonally from northwest to southeast passing through Knox 
 
 . and a northeastern corner of the present city of Knoxville. A little to the west 
 
 .of this, there is another which crosses Brush creek in section 30, and forms a 
 
 ';:v' pathway from Brush creek to the head waters of Haw creek. 
 
 .' Several Indian graves have been found and their traces are plainly discernible 
 
 ': just across the Knox township boundary line on section 32. The last appearance 
 
 : of the aborigines was in 1843, when several hundred of the Sacs and Foxes 
 
 , camped on section 5 while moving from the north to their reservation in Indian 
 
 : territory. 
 
 / Orange township also has a good supply of good timber. The timber land 
 :; Originally covered 'about one-fourth of the township, and lay along Brush 
 . and Haw creeks and their branches, on the west and east sides respectively, where 
 : the surface is much broken. 
 
 >; The township is underlaid by three veins of bituminous coal. 
 ^ Joseph Walsh with his family were the first white people to settle within the 
 * limits of Orange township. Asa Haynes came in 1836. Having purchased 300 
 r acres of land on section 30, he erected a one-room log cabin in which he and his 
 . ; wife resided for some time. He was a hardy, daring and venturesome man, 
 - without any education other than such as he acquired in an Ohio district school, 
 two months each winter during six or seven years. He brought his two 
 children, a half-brother, Hiram, and a neighbor, Isaac Hill. Their journey oc- 
 cupied nineteen days. Most of the time it was rainy and the rivers were swollen 
 and their horses' harness never dried. Mr. Haynes proved a valuable factor in 
 the development of the new country. He started the first brickyard in 1840; 
 
 Tol. I M 
 
450 HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY 
 
 built the first sawmill, operated by water power from Brush creek. In 1841, he 
 built a large barn, and in 1842, a brick house which in those days was regarded 
 as commodious. Ultimately, Mr. Haynes owned nearly i,ooo acres of land in 
 Orange township. In 1849, he became captain of the "Jayhawkers," and led his 
 band of sixty across the continent in search of gold in California. Many of his 
 company dropped out on the way, but Mr. Haynes reached California in safety. 
 
 Mr. Peter Godfrey is among the best known settlers of 1832, and he and his 
 wife were among the oldest and most honored couples belonging to the "Old 
 Settlers' Association" of Knox county. Among the other early settlers were 
 Thomas and J. Sumner. Anderson Barnett also came in 1837, settling on section 
 lo. He had the largest family of children ever raised in the township, eighteen 
 in number, and nearly all of them reached the age of maturity. 
 
 The first schoolhouse stood on section 14. It was known as the "Wallace 
 School" and served the people well as a house for religious services held within 
 its unplastered walls. The earliest religious services held in the township were 
 conducted by Rev. Edward Gum, a Baptist minister, in the home of James 
 Ferguson. The Methodist Episcopal people were the first denomination to 
 organize, however, and they erected a house of worship, known as the Orange 
 Chapel, in 1855. I* was built of brick burned at the yard of Anderson Barnett, 
 and they were laid by Thomas Ranbow. The building was dedicated in the spring 
 of 1856 by Rev. Richard Haney. It was included within the limits of the Gilson 
 circuit. In 1870 revival services were conducted at the schoolhouse in district 
 No. 4. At that time there was no organized church other than Orange Chapel, 
 although within the township there were Congregationalists and Methodists. 
 Both of these denominations were earnest, both organized societies, and Haynes' 
 Chapel was built by the Methodists. The Congregationalists had no place of 
 worship and soon ceased as a local organization. A general religious decline ap- 
 peared to supervene about this time. ; ; T ., ' ' -.'v i-v -^^^ ' 
 
 , .'-..''V^' . ' .''' ^E LONG , ; '.-'''.; ';v^v'; ^/: 
 
 De Long is the only village in Orange township. It is a flourishing little 
 station on what was formerly known as the Narrow Gauge road, but now a 
 branch of the Burlington system. It owes its existence there to H. S. Mallory 
 who at that time was building the Narrow Gauge road and who bought the site, 
 laid it out and called it De Long. It is now a flourishing little village and has 
 its quota of Modern Woodmen, Good Templars, etc., etc. ^v- ;';,?. 
 
 .;';: ''.if.--; . GALESBURG TOWNSHIP v---;^';;, ':;:.' 
 
 ,v /.>'*..;(-;.' . . ' ',:;''' .'^,C . ,-i-'-'- .' 
 
 James Roe was the first settler, coming in 1832 or 1833. Soon after Isaiah 
 Smeltzer arrived, and in 1834, Gadial Scott and Edward Morse came. Edward 
 Morse was one of the Henderson colony, but settled so far from his neighbors 
 as to have been over the Galesburg line. 
 
 The land in the township is very fertile. This township now comprises 27 
 sections. It was made a separate town by legislative enactment in 1867, placing 
 
/-&'-J:^'^:::J'-;---:^::' HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY '; ;^ 451 
 
 the City of Galesburg in another town known as the town of the City of Gales- 
 burg. 
 
 Galesburg township from the start adopted a policy of erecting permanent 
 bridges, and there is piobably no township in the county that has more and 
 better bridges than Galeiburg, and the tax rate is very low. .-v 
 
 ';v-;^;;-:,C-^'V-/^;K"--^-i. ^ MAQUON TOWNSHIP '-;;^:: ^W/'V'^'?-'':^:-': 
 
 The advent of William Palmer and family at the place where the village of 
 Maquon is situated, seems to be the date from which all matters of importance 
 in relation to the township of Maquon are reckoned. This starting point is 
 fixed at some time in the year 1827. Mr. Palmer seems to have been a typical 
 pioneer. He is known as the "bee man," as that seems to have been one of his 
 favorite pastimes or means of support, or both.. Mr. Palmer's cabin was made 
 of black hickory poles, and on all sides are said to have been Indian gardens. 
 Just why the habitations of the redmen, at this point, are called gardens, is not 
 explained for they were occupied only during the winter, and in the summer 
 time the Indians went away to find better hunting-grounds to the west. They 
 ; returned annually in the fall and remained during the winter until the year 1832, 
 when, as one of the results of the Black Hawk war, they left forever. Mr. 
 Palmer remained there five or six years, planted an orchard and cultivated the 
 ground vacated by the Indians. His cabin, being located on the Galena trails, 
 afforded a stopping place for people passing back and forth. Mr. Palmer sold 
 his cabin to one Nelson Selby and removed to St. Louis. This cabin was con- 
 structed very much like other cabins of that day. It was small, consisting of one 
 room, practically without windows, and with but one door. The chimney, of 
 course, was made of sticks laid up, after the same manner in which the cabin 
 itself was built, and then packed and plastered with mud so as to withstand 
 the heat of the fire in tht fireplace. Nevertheless there were frequent fires at Mr. 
 Palmer's mansion on account of the "burning out" of the chimney. 
 
 Another character of Maquon township is spoken of, that of Simeon Dolph, 
 the pioneer ferryman of Spoon river. He also built a similar cabin which was lo- 
 cated where the Rathburn house now stands. He did not remain long. The cause 
 of his leaving is supposed to have been in consequence of a suspicion of foul play 
 being dealt out to an unknown traveler. 
 
 In 1829 Mark Thurman-with his family took up a residence upon section 25, 
 J- and soon followed William Darnell, William Palmer, Thomas Thurman and 
 -; James Milam. These people .came from Ohio, and from that time on the settlers 
 ' came in increasing numbers, and in 1837 the village of Maquon was laid out. 
 ; A pretty little story of the name of this town and township will be found 
 in the article upon the Indians of Knox county, where also will be described the 
 trails and relics which were found so numerous in and about the village of 
 Maquon. Township organization was completed in 1853, and James N. Foster 
 was elected supervisor; Nathan Barbero, assessor, and James L. Loman, col- 
 lector. 
 
 The first schoolhouse was a log building erected in 1834 on section 33. Benja- 
 min Brock was the first teacher. Another schoolhouse was erected in 1836 or 
 
452 : HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY 
 
 1837, a little south of Bennington. The first school north of Spoon river was 
 conducted by Miss Mary Fink in a shed adjoining the residence of Peter Jones, 
 father of John Jones. The New Testament was the only reader. It is said by 
 some of Miss Fink's pupils that she could read and write but could not cipher, 
 The township originally contained Maquon, Bennington and Rapatee. Ben- 
 nington was located near the center of the township but it failed to develop al- 
 though it was the township voting place until 1858. 
 
 ;.- .;";!-., '-- ; ' ' , '.^'" ' ,'-r-.- '^ -,:;'. '. '^ "/, v'' .,:,:\-,- ^ 
 
 '.. '.''/^'V.'-V .-,;'. .. ' ;.';;.. RAPATEE. ' ""'-^-." ';'-; 
 : ':'---:^'.-'^^'---'-'- - ' ,,-_. .'':.*;-.: 
 
 This village has made some progress and is a snug little town upon the Iowa 
 Central railroad. It was laid out by Benjamin Adams on the southeast quarter 
 of section 33, and has churches, stores, blacksmith shops, elevators and other 
 interests common in such a town. 
 
 The village of Maquon is situated near the site of an old Indian village on 
 the north line of the township on section 4, with a view of the Spoon river to 
 the south. It was surveyed in 1836 by Parnach Owen, assisted by John G. San- 
 burn, William McGowan, Judge R. L. Hannaman, Mr. Richmond and Mr. Biers. 
 
 Nothing that has ever been said to the knowledge of the writer, indicates that 
 the people of Maquon are different from other people. They have always been 
 a law-abiding people and as honorable in their dealings as other folks so far as 
 is known, but for some reason not stated, the village was slow in establishing re- 
 ligious and educational influences. They had a distillery and a racetrack; both 
 of these institutions have gone and a school and a church have taken their place, 
 and both are well supported. The people today are abreast with those of any 
 other town in the county, and there is no town in the county where the women 
 are more alive to the interests of their own sex than in Maquon. We are indebted 
 to the women of that village for a large part of all that is known and preserved 
 of Indian life throughout this part of the country. The village was incorporated 
 March 19, 1857, and the town has steadily grown and today it has about 700 
 inhabitants. Notwithstanding the fact that it once supported a distillery, it has 
 not supported a saloon for many years. At present it has ample banking facili- 
 ties, grocery stores, dry goods, drug stores, newspapers and other industries that 
 supply about all the wants of the inhabitants of the village and the surrounding 
 county. ' I 
 
 The Maquon physicians have always been reliable and up-to-date. The 
 private bank of William Swigart has been in operation since i88i. The banking 
 interests of Maquon are fully set out in the article on banks of the county. 
 
 Mr. A. M. Maple was for many years a prosperous merchant and left the 
 business in the hands of his son, C. F. Maple, in 1896. These gentlemen have al- 
 ways been highly spoken of for tffeir honesty and fair dealing. 
 
 The religious and banking interests of Maquon have been referred to in this 
 article but the reader is respectfully referred to articles on those subjects found 
 on other pages of this history. If any information is wanted in regard to anyone 
 
MAQUON HIGH SCHOOL 
 
 METHODIST CHURCH, MAQUON 
 
 MAQUON HOTEL 
 
432 : HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY 
 
 1837, a little south of Bennington. The first school north of Spoon river was 
 conducted by Miss Mary Fink in a shed adjoining the residence of Peter Jones, 
 father of John Jones. The New Testament was the only reader. It is said by 
 some of Miss Fink's pupils that she could read and write but could not cipher. 
 The township originally contained Maquon, Bennington and Rapatee. Ben- 
 nington was located near the center of the township but it failed to develop al- 
 though it was the township voting place until 1858. 
 
 .:.':, RAPATEE. 
 
 This village has made some progress and is a snug little town upon the Iowa 
 Central railroad. It was laid out by Benjamin Adams on the southeast quarter 
 of section 33, and has churches, stores, blacksmith shops, elevators and other 
 interests common in such a town. 
 
 -; . . MAQUON : ' 
 
 The village of Maquon is situated near the site of an old Indian village on 
 the north line of the township on section 4, with a view of the Spoon river to 
 the south. It was surveyed in 1836 by Parnach Owen, assisted by John G. San- 
 burn, William ^IcGowan, Judge R. L. Hannaman, Mr. Richmond and Mr. Biers. 
 
 Nothing that has ever been said to the knowledge of the writer, indicates that 
 the people of Maquon are different from other people. They have always been 
 a law-abiding people and as honorable in their dealings as other folks so far as 
 is known, but for some reason not stated, the village was slow in establishing re- 
 ligious and educational influences. They had a distillery and a racetrack; both 
 of these institutions have gone and a school and a church have taken their place, 
 and both are well supported. The people today are abreast with those of any 
 other town in the county, and there is no town in the county where the women 
 are more alive to the interests of their own sex than in Maquon. We are indebted 
 to the women of that village for a large part of all that is known and preserved 
 of Indian life throughout this part of the country. The village was incorporated 
 March 19, 1857, and the town has steadily grown and today it has about 700 
 inhabitants. Notwithstanding the fact that it once supported a distillery, it has 
 not supported a saloon for many years. At present it has ample banking facili- 
 ties, grocery stores, dry goods, drug stores, newspapers and other industries that 
 supply about all the wants of the inhabitants of the village and the surrounding 
 county. 
 
 The Maquon physicians have always been reliable and up-to-date. The 
 private bank of William Swigart has been in operation since i88i. The banking 
 interests of Maquon are fully set out in the article on banks of the county. 
 
 Mr. A. M. Maple was for many years a prosperous merchant and left the 
 business in the hands of his son, C. F. Maple, in 1896. These gentlemen have al- 
 ways been highly spoken of for tHeir honesty and fair dealing. 
 
 The religious and banking interests of Maquon have been referred to in this 
 article but the reader is respectfully referred to articles on those subjects found 
 on other pages of this history. If any information is wanted in regard to anyone 
 
MAQUON HIGH SCHOOL 
 
 METHODIST CHURCH, MAQUON 
 
 MAQUON HOTEL 
 

HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY -5 453 
 
 of the churches of Maquon, reference to the matter will be found in the article 
 written upon that church under its respective denomination, in the article written 
 for the whole county. The reader is further referred to the article on banking in 
 Knox county for information in regard to the several banks of Maquon. 
 " Maquon has had its share of experience with the different fraternal organiza- 
 tions. The Odd Fellows have been represented by the Maquon lodge No. 256, 
 I. O. O. F., and the Degree of Rebecca. The Masons have been represented 
 under the Maquon lodge No. 530, A. F. and A. M., and there has been a flourish- 
 ing order of the Eastern Star for the wives and daughters of the Masons. 
 Maquon lodge No. 171, K. of P., and the Bertie Lenore Temple have also flour- 
 ished here. These orders are all fraternal orders and there is not much that can 
 be said to the public in regard to them. 
 
 * It has been stated that the village of Maquon was incorporated on the I9th of 
 March, 1857. At that election there were fifty-five voters, forty-one cast their 
 ballot for, and fourteen against incorporation. Notices of this election were 
 posted on the pth of March. 
 
 It seems from the record that saloons were licensed under the head of 
 
 groceries, and it was provided "that the applicant should keep an orderly house 
 
 and that he will not permit any unlawful game or riots in his house, or token 
 
 of unusual unrest therein, and that he will not in any manner sell any kind of 
 
 ;' intoxicating drink to any persons who may in any degree be perceivably, already 
 
 v; under the influence of intoxicating liquor." It was provided further that "gro- 
 
 ' ceries shall be determined to include all houses and places where wine, rum, 
 
 ; brandy, gin, whiskey or other similar spirits or mixed liquors are sold." 
 
 ;' About the year 1860 the people began to be a little negligent of their duties 
 
 ' as citizens of the village. In that year an election was called for the 26th day 
 
 of March, for the purpose of electing a town-board. The polls were opened 
 
 but not a voter appeared. The president, A. J. Dunlay, Carl T. Thurman, A. M. 
 
 Maple, Horace Jones and Alfred Thurman took up the reins of village government 
 
 and labored another year. Everything seemed to go along all right until 1865. 
 
 when eighteen votes were cast for village trustees. 
 
 No considerable amount of sidewalks were built until 1865, when a walk was 
 built to the depot from the public square. 
 
 A calaboose was talked about December 13, 1865, at a meeting called for 
 that purpose. It seems a calaboose had been built by the citizens and organized 
 on the West End, Block ii. This building was made of 3x6 planks spiked 
 together and consisted of but one small room, having one door and a small hole 
 for a window. Iron bars were placed over the hole that served for a window. 
 Two years and one month later it was moved and seconded that the building 
 be sold to the highest and best bidder, for the highest cash, and the proceeds 
 ' .used for building a plank walk. There is nothing to show that it was actually 
 sold. This building had been bought by the citizens of Maquon village and was 
 taken possession of by the village at the time above referred to. 
 
 Foregoing facts regarding Maquon township and village have been gathered 
 ; from various sources and the writer would make special acknowledgments to 
 Mrs. Eva Chapin Maple and to Miss Jennie McKenney. 
 
454 HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY 
 
 - - \ ' ' 
 
 : : ; - SOME FACTS. IN REGARD TO TAXATION 
 
 At the time of the organization of the county in 1830 there were supposed to 
 be 350 inhabitants. The needs of the county were relatively very small and taxa- 
 tion was somewhat primitive in the manner of assessing. There were no roads 
 to keep up, the construction of bridges a thing of the future and the officers of the 
 county were paid by fees for the services rendered. As the population in- 
 creased and people began to go from township to township and to market at a 
 distance, the necessity for roads and bridges, became imperative. The products 
 of the soil had tp be moved and sold; this brought in more money and a reason- 
 able tax could be levied and collected with comparative ease. If the roads were 
 worked and the bridges built the produce could be taken to market, so about all 
 the taxing that was done at the start was for roads and bridges. We therefore 
 have the following action by the county commissioners. 
 
 On the i8th day of April, 1835, the county commissioners levied the first 
 labor tax. The order therefor reads as follows : 1 . 
 
 Ordered, That the Labor Tax for each able-bodied man between the age of 
 twenty-one and fifty years shall be fixed at two days, to be done under the direc- 
 tion of the supervisor of each road district in which they may reside, for the 
 ensuing year ending on the ist Monday in March, 1836. .' . I . ': 
 
 The following orders were also issued for tax on real estate and the disposition 
 of the same. 
 
 Ordered, That a tax of one-half the amount of the state tax as provided in 
 the Revenue Law, be and the same is hereby levied on every tract of land situated 
 within said county (except such lands as are exempt from taxation, by the com- 
 pact with the general government) for the ensuing year said tax to be assessed, 
 collected and paid agreeably to the provisions of an act concerning public roads, 
 approved February 3rd, 1835. 
 
 Ordered, That the tax levied on lands by the foregoing order shall be applied 
 in the several road districts in which such lands are situated, for the purpose of 
 building bridges and causeways and opening roads, and erecting guide posts, so 
 far as the same may be needed for said purposes, under the direction of the 
 several supervisors in said road districts ; the balance of said tax to be paid into 
 the county treasury, to be applied by the county commissioner's court, agreeably 
 to the provisions of the act under which the same is levied. 
 
 Since that time the system of taxation has changed very much. Then it 
 seems that a tax on land was made only for road purposes and that a small 
 personal property tax was sufficient to pay the other expenses of the county. 
 Today the practice is to levy taxes upon all species of property and deposit the 
 entire revenue with the county treasurer, and in addition to that to pass an ap- 
 propriation bill, every item of which shall be paid out of the general sum so raised. 
 
 The following statement of the property assessed and the taxes charged in 
 Knox county for the year 1855 with the addition of a corresponding statement 
 for the year 1905 for comparison will be very interesting, and they are given 
 below: .. . . ,. . . 
 
HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY 
 
 455 
 
 " State of Illinois ] y;-- .. ^^l^' ,-^ 
 
 .. . County of Knox j 
 
 I hereby certify that the following is a true and correct statement of the 
 V, property assessed and taxes charged in the County of Knox for the year 1855. 
 !;. ;-:.-:;. Number Amount 
 
 :.-f Horses J.... .^.... 9,458 $ 542,887.00 
 
 -: Neat Cattle 22407 306,751.00 
 
 Mules and asses 209 ^^ 11,345.00 
 
 Sheep 9,473 9,819.00 
 
 : Hogs 49.551 105,547.00 
 
 Carriages and wagons '. 3*294 133,097.00 
 
 J; Clocks and watches 2,702 14,656.00 
 
 ' ^. Pianos 45 3.9O5-OO 
 
 V Goods and merchandise 130,599.00 
 
 ^ : Bankers' property 2OO.OO 
 
 Manufactured articles 12,622.00 
 
 ''. Moneys and credits 375,890.00 
 
 . - Bonds, stocks, etc 6,234.00 
 
 , ': Unenumerated property 197,544.00 
 
 - - . 
 
 '/ Aggregate $1,851,096.00 
 
 Deductions 71,153.00 
 
 Total value of taxable personal property $1,907,130.00 
 
 Lands $3,753.97o.oo 
 
 . Town lots 641,279.00 
 
 \ Total value of lands and town lots $4,395,249.00 
 
 Total value of real and personal property $6,302,379.00 
 
 . State tax at 47 cents on the $ioo $29,621.18 
 
 : do (schools) 20 cents on the $ioo 12,604.75 i-.- 
 
 -;'.' ,;.:v.-^,;,. $ 42,225.93 
 
 y> County tax at 13 cents on the $ioo. .......... 8,193.09 
 
 do (special) 13 cents on the $ioo 18,930.65 
 
 :.:':-''' ''''-"^' .>v:;;'-:;:. 27,123.74 
 
 ' . ' Total tax levied $ 69,349.67 
 
 , /n Testimony Whereof, I have hereunto subscribed my name and affixed the 
 . seal of my office this I2th day of December, A. D. 1855. 
 
 - (L. S.) . ,; ZELOTES COOLEY, Clerk County Court. 
 
456 
 
 :' r*' 
 
 HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY 
 
 STATEMENT FOR THE YEAR 1905 FIFTY YEARS LATER .' ' 
 
 , - . 
 
 ^.;;>^Vv ; ''!^'--; Value of Property > '.; 
 
 for the year 1905 V : V; 
 
 Horses $1,092,775 : ; -\ .; 4 
 
 Neat Cattle 982,445 ,.C,,:: ;.;' 
 
 Mules and asses 46,495 ; ';; :'' - > 
 
 Sheep 13.275 V r". .: ; > r 
 
 Hcgs 322,385 . ; v.;^ ^ ^ p 
 
 Steam engines 72,855 '.;.; ';.... . 
 
 Fire and burglar safes 8,655 i ':..'>-. 
 
 Billiard and pool tables 7i75 '. '- 
 
 Carriages and wagons 180,630 .'...' 
 
 Watches and clocks 28,380 .-'. - ':' 
 
 Sewing and knitting machines 27,085 ;;.. : 
 
 Pianofortes 172,740 .'- V 
 
 Melodions and organs 12,170 '.; -v " *,. 
 
 Franchises 900 :' '; -. ' . - . 
 
 Annuities 1,125 ^^! ^<^- 
 
 Patent rights 65 -i " 
 
 Goods and merchandise 1,219,284 - - -' ; ' 
 
 Materials and manufactured articles 162,655 '^:; ''.. 
 
 Machinery and tools 126,120 ,. ' 
 
 Agricultural tools and machinery 141,840 v ' .' ; 
 
 Gold and silver plate 5,695 1,; ,j. ^ 
 
 Diamonds and jewelry 16,075 :'' 
 
 Moneys of bankers, etc 243,213 ' , i - 
 
 Credits of bankers, etc 245,207 ' - 
 
 Moneys other than bankers 1,077,225 '"':.--' 
 
 Credits other than bankers 2,607,600 ; . 'j 
 
 Bonds and stocks 143,970 ; . ' ' - 
 
 Foreign stocks 21,225 ' ' '. ' - 
 
 Property of corporations 3,7OO > , - . 
 
 Bank stock listed by individuals lOO -. ; ' 
 
 Property of saloons . ii>975 ;, : ' ' 
 
 Furniture 769,050 ' : - ? ; 
 
 Investments in real estate 22,120 . . 
 
 Grain on hand 368,980 ^'' X 
 
 All other property 277,365 
 
 $10,458,910 
 
 Shares in national and state banks. i,35i,35O ; -; ' : '; ' 
 
 Telegraph and telephone property 29,325 
 
 Personal property of railroads 189,610 
 
 -:-^'''.:.:-:: ^ : : : ^ . ^ > ::/.:-^ $12,029,195 
 
 :-ff-f:-< 
 
:: ., .'V ' : KNOX COUNTY FREE KINDERGARTEN 
 
 Located on the corner of South Cedar and Simmons Streets. Erected in 19O4. Value, $10,000. 
 Institution established in 1890. Purpose: to provide a temporary home for homeless and friendless children 
 of Knox County, and to assist mothers in sickness or distress. 
 
 CENTRAL I'.VRR 
 
 A beautifi?! spot 'n the hrriiier? i ortion of the city. Street cars diverge here into all parts of the 
 city, A favorite resting place in the hot days of summer. . .. . ....._.. 
 
456 
 
 HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY 
 
 STATEMENT FOR THE YEAR 1905 FIFTY YEARS I.ATER 
 
 V . Value of Property 
 
 for the year 1905 
 
 Horses $1,092,775 
 
 Neat Cattle 982,445 
 
 Mules and asses 46,495 
 
 Sheep 13,275 
 
 Hcgs 322,385 . _ : 
 
 Steam engines 72,855 , ; 
 
 Fire and burglar safes 8,655 
 
 Billiard and pool tables 7.175 
 
 Carriages and wagons 180,630 
 
 Watches and clocks 28,380 
 
 Sewing and knitting machines 27,085 
 
 Pianofortes 172,740 ' . 
 
 Melodions and organs 12,170 . 
 
 Franchises 900 , _ . 
 
 Annuities 1,125 
 
 Patent rights 65 
 
 Goods and merchandise 1,219,284 
 
 Materials and manufactured articles 162,655 ' 
 
 Machinery and tools 126,120 
 
 Agricultural tools and machinery 141,840 
 
 Gold and silver plate 5.695 
 
 Diamonds and jewelry 16,075 , . 
 
 Moneys of bankers, etc 243,213 
 
 Credits of bankers, etc 245,207 ; ;. 
 
 Moneys other than bankers 1,077,225 
 
 Credits other than bankers 2,607,600 
 
 Bonds and stocks 143,970 
 
 Foreign stocks 21,225 
 
 Property of corporations 3.7OO ; 
 
 Bank stock listed by individuals lOO : 
 
 Property of saloons 1 1.975 
 
 Furniture 769,050 
 
 Investments in real estate 22,120 
 
 Grain on hand 368,980 
 
 All other property 277,365 
 
 $10,458,910 
 
 Shares in national and state banks 1.35^.350 . ' 
 
 Telegraph and telephone property 29,325 . -. 
 
 Personal property of railroads 189,610 : ^ . ' 
 
 $12,029,195 
 
: . ~ .^ ;.;' KNOX COUNTY FRKE KIXDh-RdARTEX : 
 
 Located on the corner of South Cedar and Simmons Streets. Erected in I'.MU. X'alue. SHi.ooi). 
 Institution established in 18!o. Purpose: to provide a temporary home for homeless and friendless children 
 of Knox County, and to assist mothers in sickness or distress. 
 
 CKMKAL I'AKK 
 
 A brautifi'l r.pot 'ti the hv'nen-- i ortion uf the city. Street cars diverjie Iiere into all parts of the 
 city. A favorite ref.ting place in the liui days uf suninier. 
 
;.;: ^ ''^^ HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY " 457 
 
 Improved lands $22,998495 
 
 Railroad lands 37,885 
 
 Improved lots 14,357.385 
 
 Railroad lots 600 
 
 37,394,365 
 
 Total value of all property $49,423,560 
 
 Railroad property $ 6,193,1 15 
 
 Telegraph property 16,225 
 
 Telephone property 68,675 
 
 .,.-.:-:^--:-.;;-.^,.v..-.;.v':---v^'-r -:.... :.:,; ,:'v 6,278,015 
 
 Grand total of all kinds of property. ..i .V. ............. .$55,701,575 
 
 Taxes collected in Knox cotinty for year 1905: 
 
 State $ 55,281.85 
 
 County 82,926.09 
 
 Town 8,773.73 
 
 Road and bridge 44,666.49 
 
 District road 3,193.27 
 
 City and village 139,152.66 
 
 School 198,316.20 
 
 Plat 35.90 
 
 Dog 2,031.00 
 
 :X : '' Total $534,377-19 
 
 ;' Valuation Full . Assessed 
 
 V ' " $55.457465 ' ' $1 1,091,493 
 
 It will appear from the following order in relation to interest on balances 
 
 > due on the purchase of the poor farm that the county had occasionally to pay 
 pretty high rates of interest: 
 
 On MOTION it is ordered that interest at the rate of fifteen per cent per annum 
 
 '^ be allowed on the balances of the purchase money unpaid on the poor farm the 
 
 ; 1st day of July next until paid. 
 
 /: The system for the assessment and taxation of railroads in this county when 
 they were first constructed is made to appear in the action taken by the board of 
 supervisors at the September meeting, 1856, which is here given as it appears 
 on the records : 
 
 ;; The clerk then laid before the board the schedules returned to his office by 
 the different railroad companies being that portion of the railroads in the said 
 county of Knox for taxation, and after a full examination by the board of the 
 same it is ordered that the lands in the schedules of the Northern Cross Railroad 
 be assessed at ten dollars per acre, and that the other property in said schedule 
 be assessed at the value set forth in said schedule. It is further ordered by the 
 board the property of the Central Military Tract Railroad and also of the Peoria 
 and Oquawka Railroad be assessed at the value reported by said companies. Pro- 
 vided, however, and on motion it is ordered that the supervisors of the different 
 towns through which the Central Military Tract Railroad runs be authorized and 
 
458 ' HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY - r ^ I Wv 
 
 requested to ascertain the additional improvement made by said company from 
 the 1st day of May, A. D. 1855 till the ist day of April, A. D. 1856, and report 
 the amount of the same to the county clerk which additional amount to be 
 assessed and taxed to said company. 
 
 The assessing of railroad property today is done by the State Board of Equali- 
 zation principally. Under the head of right of way is included the road bed and 
 all other permanent improvements. All of this is taken care of by the State 
 Board of Equalization and the county clerk distributes the value among the 
 cities, villages and school districts through which it passes. The local assessor 
 gets only the furniture, machinery, etc. 
 
 - . ::'ny' : ^ .. RAILROAD TAXATION - ^ ;.-,..;:'..; ^ ,.' 
 
 The Northern Cross Railroad and the Peoria and Oquawka Railroad, not hav- 
 ing filed schedules of the taxable property of said roads as required by l:-w, the 
 county clerk presented to the board the schedule filed by the Northern Cross 
 Railroad for the year 1856 and also a schedule of the Peoria and Oquawka Rail- 
 road as made by himself, which being examined by the board were approved and 
 on motion it is ordered by the Board that the main and side track of both of 
 said roads and the lands be assessed at the same value as the lands, main and side 
 track of the Chicago, Burlington & Quincy Railroad and that the rolling stock 
 of both the two first named roads be assessed in the same sums as the Chicago, 
 Burlington & Quincy road in proportion to their rolling stock and other personal 
 property to be estimated and made out by the said county clerk. 
 
 One of the unfortunate habits into which some of our treasurers of cities, 
 towns and townships fell before the law forbidding the re-election of such 
 officers, was that of allowing personal property which might be collected to pass 
 uncollected and returning it to the county treasury to be by him collected under 
 the pretense that the municipal or township collector could find no property out of 
 which to make such collection. As long ago as May, 1860, this practice had be- 
 come so fixed and prevalent that the board saw fit to pass the following resolution. 
 
 Supervisor Gale offered the following resolution which was adopted : 
 
 Resolved, That the supervisor of each town where the collector has manifestly 
 failed in using reasonable diligence in the collection of the personal property tax, 
 give notice to such collector to procure a copy of the delinquent tax on personal 
 property, and proceed to collect and report amount collected at the next meeting 
 of this board and that a committee be appointed to report to the board at next 
 meeting, what action is expedient to be taken in enforcing the rights of the 
 county against collectors neglecting their duties. '-..'. 
 
 The only necessity of such a resolution is that the officers neglecting a duty to 
 collect imposed upon him by law must be that such officer imagined that in case he 
 asked for a re-election the persons so favored by letting their personal property 
 tax go by and be collected by the county treasurer will be under certain obligations 
 to support him in such re-election. ;. C i, 
 
 January Meeting, i86i. Report of committee on payment of taxes in currency. 
 Supervisor Gale, from special committee, to whom was referred the petition 
 
'>^ ;'j ir;<. : ^y^^ HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY ". f 4&9 
 
 of citizens of Knox county, asking the board to authorize collectors to receive 
 the bills of Illinois banks in payment of taxes, made the following report : 
 
 The committee to whom was referred the petition of citizens praying the 
 board to authorize the collectors to receive currency in payment of taxes. Report, 
 That the revenue law provides that the county revenue shall be collected in gold 
 and silver coin, county orders and jury certificates issued by the county, and in 
 no other currency. The collectors of this state shall collect the revenue for state 
 purposes in gold and silver coin, auditor's warrants and in no other currency 
 whatever. ^'; .r - 
 
 The committee are of opinion that no authority is possessed by this board 
 to authorize the collector to take any currency prohibited by statute. 
 
 The committee are of opinion that all the taxes, whether state, county or 
 special should be collected in the paper of the secured banks of this state. 
 '-'> That the present system required a sacrifice oi\the part of the tax payers that 
 the advantage to the state, of receiving the revenue in gold does not warrant. 
 
 That during the time of collection of taxes, the artificial demand created by 
 the wants of the tax payers, enhances the price of gold, and the same gold is 
 seldom, or never, worth to the parties who receive it from the state, as much as 
 it costs the tax payers. r 
 
 The committee recommend that a resolution be passed by the board petition- 
 ing the legislature for the passage of an act, directing the collector to receive in 
 payment of all taxes the secured notes of the banks of this state, and that the 
 board by resolution, recommend to the citizens of this county, to petition the 
 legislature of this state for the passage of such an act. Which report was ac- 
 cepted, and adopted. 
 
 Supervisor Charles, from committee to whom the petition of N. Barbero for 
 relief was referred, made the following report: 
 
 -- Report of committee to whom was referred the petition of Nathaniel Bar- 
 bero asking to be relieved from the liability as bondsman, on collector's bond of 
 the town of Maquon, beg leave to report: 
 
 After having duly considered the case, that in our opinion, it is not policy in 
 this board to grant such relief. 
 
 . ;^ ,: :^. ;.'-;.-'< GEO. A. CHARLES, Chairman, 
 
 :.-;V7'"; :;:../, ;;''' ]^1 ''':>/. "'-^ ;'>".-'.'../:{'' '^M. B. LEBARON, ;" 
 
 i:-^ .'..' -v. .':;''C--''r ': -'"y'"--'^-' '"-'-' ~'\---.^y-''''- . CALEB FINCH, '-v; 
 
 '.;.; ;'. '' ''^- '.-':....-:'';.:..; -.v-' 'o^.v. - -' --..:.- Committee. -''} 
 
 ;: On motion said report was accepted and the committee discharged. 
 
 On motion of Supervisor Finch it was voted by the board that N. Barbero be 
 and he is hereby released from so much of his liability on such bond as relates 
 to the county tax, and that he is exonerated therefrom. 
 
 Supervisor Gale offered the following resolution, which was adopted: 
 
 Resolved^ That in the opinion of this board the taxes of this state should 
 be collected in the secured notes of the banks of this state. That the present 
 system requiring the payment of taxes in a currency different from the currency 
 required in ordinary business, imposes on the tax payers an unnecessary burden, 
 a burden liable to severe aggravation in such times as renders the usual burden of 
 taxation difficult lo be borne, and we do therefore petition the general assembly 
 
460 HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY ->.- ^.- 
 
 of this state to pass an Act, directing the collectors to receive all taxes in the 
 secured bills of the banks of this state. 
 
 , That the clerk of the board be directed to forward a copy of this resolution 
 to our representatives in the senate and house of representatives in this state to be 
 by them presented to the bodies of which they are respectively members. 
 
 Another resolution in regard to taxes directed to the legislature January 
 meeting, 1861. 
 
 Supervisor Gale offered the following : ''';:.;'' j . -: ' 
 
 Resolved, That in the opinion of this board the people of this county desire the 
 extension of the time for the payment of taxes, and that such extension is a de- 
 sirable alleviation of its burden, and therefore this board do hereby petition the 
 general assembly of this state to pass a law extending the time of collection of 
 taxes, ninety days. 
 
 And that the clerk of this board be directed to forward to our representatives 
 in the senate and house of representatives in the state, a copy of this resolution 
 to be by them presented to the bodies of which they are members. 
 
 On which resolution the yeas and nays were called, resulting: Yeas Messrs. 
 Meek, Stevens, Gale, Finch, Mansfield, Robertson, Routh, Newman, Charles, 
 Lebolt, Barber, Tucker, Copley and Gross 14. Nays Messrs. LeBaron, Maney, 
 McCornack, Jones and Knable 5. Carried. 
 
 January Meeting, 1867. On motion of Mr. Sanderson, it was voted that this 
 board recommend the senator and representative from this district to use their 
 influence for the passage of a law for a State Board of Equalization of Taxes. 
 
 The foregoing extracts from the record of the board supervisors are given to 
 show the changes in manner of assessing taxes and also the great increase in 
 the value of property and the amount of tax paid. The assessment of railroad 
 property was very difficult. The assessment was based wholly upon a schedule 
 of property within the county, together with a statement of rolling stock appor- 
 tioned to the mileage of the county. If the roads neglected to file the schedules, 
 the value of railroad property had to be arrived at by the best judgment of the ; :' 
 county clerk and the board of supervisors. .. ,' 
 
 In 1867 Mr. Sanderson, then a member of the board of supervisors, offered .. :.,; 
 a motion which was adopted asking for the passage of a law for a State Board of ' I i;:^; 
 Equalization of Taxes. Such a board was created by the legislature. This board '^ . ' : 
 is in session several months each year and assesses not only the various kinds of 
 railroad property and apportions the same to the several counties, but the property 
 of the various other corporations. It seems that some such agency is necessary 
 and the board of supervisors was moved to pass that resolution because of the 
 
 necessity for such a body. Today there is a demand for the abolition of this 
 board, the demand being based upon the supposition that the board is tampered 
 with by the railroads and corporations. Even though this be true, it is a pertinent 
 question to ask what other agency can take its place? In some states there is a 
 commission that goes about and personally inspects localities so the members may 
 use their own judgment as to values to better advantage, but it nowhere appears 
 that this commission is not susceptible to the same influences as a board of equali- 
 zation or that their opportunities are less numerous. Society is rapidly becoming 
 more complex and changes in forms and customs must be made from time to 
 
 ' '-'^'^ '",'' ; 
 
- " <; ; HISTORY OF K^OX COUNTY ^ ' 461 
 
 time to facilitate the transaction of business and meet the necessary social de- 
 mands. Personal honesty is quite a different thing and a matter of much slower 
 growth. Hence the constant effort on the part of some officials to take a dishonest 
 advantage of all conditions that may be made a means of grafting. 
 
 v, ;;,^v ;::;->::>" PARKS OF KNOX COUNTY ;'.^'f>^^w 
 
 '''.' : ' - - ' By PROF. JOHN VAN NESS STANDISH 
 
 ; ' ' Throughout the civilized world, the higher civilization has found its abode in 
 i our cities. It is in the midst of throngs she dwells. It is by the attrition of 
 '? thought upon thought and mind upon mind that improvements are made. It is 
 .'' by close proximity that original suggestions arise. Many discoveries which have 
 
 .-. been mighty forces in the progress of civilization have been the result of accident. 
 A chance word spoken by some rude peasant or the careless touch of the nerve 
 
 '.: of a frog has established empires or given birth to one of the most occult sciences. 
 
 ";^ Great thoughts of great men often have been inspired by inferior minds. It is 
 '': the city dweller then that has the larger opportunity for the work of life. By 
 
 . '- offering better advantages, the cities have become lodestones attracting the rural 
 ' population and in a large measure depopulating our rural districts. 
 
 '<..:;/;.,''-.:_. :.''-V^/.^'v-;v URBAN AND COUNTRY LIFE " -^'^ ^'' 'iTV'? -v 
 
 ',/ Fifty years ago, only about eight or ten per cent of the population lived in 
 
 ;!- cities, while ninety per cent lived contentedly in rural homes. At the present 
 
 . ; time, rural occupations and rural scenery have lost their charm. The farmer's 
 
 "T boy no longer desires to follow the plough or break the stubborn glebe, but seeks 
 
 ; ,, rather some easier occupation in the crowded city. Consequently, the cities are 
 
 ' V growing apace as each census proves. Today, nearly one-half of the population 
 
 V' live in cities, and the next decade may find sixty or seventy-five per cent living 
 
 r there. And these thoughts lead to the subject matter to be considered, which is 
 
 \; ':V .' ^ : ^^.^:J CITY PARKS AND CITY PLAYGROUNDS ' "' ' ' 
 
 ; '. Parks, under various names, are old. They probably antedate the history of 
 
 man. The first recorded account is the Garden of Eden. Where its exact location 
 
 was, its size and purpose, no Biblical scholar as yet has been able to tell. The 
 
 account says that every kind of tree grew there, even the Tree of Life. Every 
 
 Greek city had its park or square or market place, which was cafled "Agora." 
 
 Usually, in the midst of the square or market place there was a fountain and 
 
 sometimes it was surrounded with a colonnade which the people used as a 
 
 promenade. Without this colonnade were public buildings and temples of worship. 
 
 Within were erected statues of heroes and altars to the gods. The Greek "Agora" 
 
 .- was the general meeting place of the people. It was here that laws and political 
 
 ^:: policies were discussed. It was here that funeral orations were pronounced. It 
 
 ":- was here that every kind of merchandise was bought and sold. And it may be 
 
462 - HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY 
 
 said that the parks of today can afford no greater pleasure to the people than the 
 'Agora" afforded to the ancient Greek. The Roman "Forum" was similar to the 
 Greek "Agora." The same general arrangement prevailed, and the business 
 character was the same. It was the civic center of the city and the center for 
 the transaction of all business, judicial and otherwise. Such was the beginning of 
 the system of parks of the present age and generation, though much enlarged in 
 grandeur and magnificence, and such they stand as marks of an advancing civili- 
 zation. One of the great glories of Europe is to be found in her parks. They are 
 constant scenes of joy and beauty. There is scarcely a city in all that vast domain 
 without its beautiful park, ornamented with the choicest shrubs and trees. The 
 city of Paris probably has more park area under her management than all the 
 United States, if our national parks be excepted. Fontainbleau with her magnifi- 
 cent forests and Versailles with her parterres and her unique fountains have mort 
 than 125,000 acres the joy and pride of her people. And when her other numer- 
 ous parks are added, Paris can boast a park area of more than 200,000 acres 
 greater than any other city in the world. And if her hundreds of miles of 
 boulevards shall be considered, her park area is simply immense. 
 
 ^ PARKS IN AMERICA -.;';.;_: 
 
 It may be said that the park system or park building in America is of recent 
 origin. The work was begun the last half of the nineteenth century. Before 1850 
 not a square foot of ground had been purchased for park purposes. Cities we 
 had, without parks or playgrounds. Cemeteries were used as common resorts. 
 In 1858 New York City made the initial move in purchasing a tract of land, 
 which is now Central park. By thit example, other cities took the cue, And as a 
 result magnificent systems of parks have arisen in Boston, Philadelphia, Balti- 
 more, Detroit, Chicago, St. Louis and San Francisco. And if our national parks 
 shall be considered, America can boast a system of parks unexcelled by any other 
 nation in the wide world. At present, Europe may display more art in her park 
 system, but in natural beauty and in extent and boldness of scenery, America shall 
 receive the palm and wear the crown. 
 
 :.:;.:., . A GRANDEUR IN NATURE P';;:v \ v, 
 
 It was a grand thought when God thought of the tree. It was a grand 
 thought when He thought of the shrub and flower. There is beauty in the land- 
 scape, there is sublimity in the lofty mountain, and there is a feeling of awe in. 
 the mighty waterfall. The tornado and the rushing waters are more terrible than 
 the thunders of heaven. All these things we have to make up the grandeur and 
 harmonies of the world. But these things are not wholly isolated. They are dis- 
 tributed according to unknown and unchanging laws of nature. All about us, 
 there is much to attract and admire. Knox county is not wholly bereft of those 
 things that please the eye and cultivate the taste. She presents before us a 'Beau- 
 tiful landscape, though wanting in mountain scenery and rivers of water. Who 
 has not been entranced as he has looked out upon her fields of waving grass and 
 golden grain? Who has not been agitated with thrilling emotions as he has sur- 
 
^^ 
 
 A SECTION OF STANDISH PARK 
 
 In the central part of the city lying directly weft of the Knox County Court House. Famous for its 
 large variety of choice and beautiful trees. 
 
 THE FIRST GALESBURG "OLD LOG CITY" 
 
 Located three miles Northwest of present city limits, at edge of Henderson Grove. Founded in 1836. 
 1. Prof. N. H. Losey's residence. 2. Nehemiah West's residence. 3. Hugh Conger in main part; Loren- 
 tus Conger and John West in addition. 4. Riley Root and sister, Mrs. Clarissa Phelps, Eli Farnham, and 
 Mrs. Lyman, in succession. 5. George Avery and his mother. 6. Deacon Goodell's residence. 7. John 
 West and hi.i father. 8. Mr. Lewis'^ residence. 9. Unidentified. 10. C. S. Colton's store. 11. C. S. 
 Colton's residence. 12. School house. 18. Rev. G. W. Gale's residence. 14. John Kendall's residence. 
 16. Rev. John Water's residence. IC. H. H. May's residence. 
 
462 HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY 
 
 said that the parks of today can afford no greater pleasure to the people than the .. ^ 
 'Agora" afforded to the ancient Greek. The Roman "Forum" was similar to the ; 
 Greek "Agora." The same general arrangement prevailed, and the business ' 
 character was the same. It was the civic center of the city and the center for : 
 the transaction of all business, judicial and otherwise. Such was the beginning of : 
 the system of i)arks of the present age and generation, though much enlarged in ^ 
 
 grandeur and magnificence, and such they stand as marks of an advancing civili- ' 
 zation. One of the great glories of Europe is to be found in her parks. They are 
 constant scenes of joy and beauty. There is scarcely a city in all that vast domain . ' .... 
 without its beautiful park, ornamented with the choicest shrubs and trees. The ' 
 
 city of Paris probably has more park area under her management than all the . , ' 
 United States, if our national parks be excepted. Fontainbleau with her magniR- ; 
 cent forests and \'ersailles with her parterres and her unique fountains have more : 
 
 than 125,000 acres the joy and pride of her people. And when her other numer- ; 
 ous parks are added. Paris can boast a park area of more than 200,000 acres .'V 
 greater than any other city in the world. And if her hundreds of miles of - 
 boulevards shall be considered, her park area is simply immense. 
 
 PARKS IN AMERICA . ' 
 
 It may be said tliat the park system or park building in America is of recent 
 origin. The work was begun the last half of the nineteenth century. Before 1850 
 not a square foot of ground had been purchased for park purposes. Cities we 
 had, without parks or playgrounds. Cemeteries were used as common resorts. 
 In 1858 New York City made the initial move in purchasing a tract of land, 
 which is now Central park. P)y thij, example, other cities took the cue, and as a 
 result magnificent systems of parks have arisen in Boston, Philadelphia, Balti- 
 more, Detroit, Chicago, St. Louis and San Francisco. And if our national parks 
 shall be considered, America can boast a system of parks unexcelled by any other 
 nation in the wide world. At present, Europe may display more art in her park 
 system, but in natural beauty and in extent and boldness of scenery, America shall 
 receive the palm and wear the crown. 
 
 . ' . A GRANDEUR IN NATURE 
 
 It was a grand thought when God thought of the tree. It was a grand 
 thought when He thought of the shrub and flower. There is beauty in the land- 
 scape, there is sublimity in the lofty mountain, and there is a feeling of awe in 
 the mighty waterfall. The tornado and the rushing waters are more terrible than 
 the thunders of heaven. All these things we have to make up the grandeur and 
 harmonies of the world. But these things are not wholly isolated. They are dis- 
 tributed according to unknown and unchanging laws of nature. All about us, 
 there is much to attract and admire. Knox county is not wholly bereft of those 
 things that please the eye and cultivate the taste. She presents before us a beau- 
 tiful landscape, though wanting in mountain scenery and rivers of water. Who 
 has not been entranced as he has looked out upon her fields of waving grass and 
 golden grain? Who has not been agitated with thrilling emotions as he has sur- 
 
A SIXTION or STANDISH I'AKK 
 
 In the central part of the city lying directly west of ihe Knox Ccunty Court House. Famous for iU 
 large variety of choice and beautiful trees. 
 
 THE FIRST GALESBCKG "OI-D LOG CITY" 
 
 1. Prof. N. H. Losey's residence. 
 
 of pre: 
 -'. Xel 
 
 .^ _. - -, - 
 
 ehemiah West's residence. :{. Hugh C'onper in main part: Loren- 
 
 tus Conger and John West in addition. 4. Kiley Root and sister. Mrs. Clarissa I'hejps. Kli Farnliam. and 
 Mrs. Lyman. in S'.iccession. .5. (Jeorge .\very and his mother. (;. Deacon Cioodell's residence. 7. John 
 West and hi.s father. S. Mr. Lewis' residence. '>. Unidentified, in. C'. .S. Colton's store. 11. C. S. 
 Colton's residence, li. School house. l:{. Rev. d. W. dale's residence. 14. John Kendall's residence. 
 15. Rev. John Water's residence. 1(>. H. H. May's residence. 
 

HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY 463 
 
 veyed her stately fields of corn and the noble trees that stretch along the boundary 
 lines? Truly, Knox county is one beautiful park and no man can fail to admire 
 
 here nature's handiwork. 
 
 .-v;-- \;;;^r-/\-.-.. :-V;_ '-H:?, ..'-.y- ;. ;./>'\ :%: ;.'.'/'>/- ;v..- 
 
 ./::-'-.>.,:;. PARKS OF GALESBURG ; . :'. '^^ 
 
 Galesburg cannot boast any great system of parks. She has limited herself 
 to a few small ones, which reflect credit on her taste, if not on her munificence. 
 Her park system consists of the following: Standish park, the Court House 
 park. Broad street boulevard. Central park, Knox Campus, and Lombard Campus. 
 All of these, save Lombard Campus, are in the heart of the city and are lying 
 adjacent. They constitute an area of about twenty-five acres. Standish park 
 with its many choice shrubs and trees, is the most attractive and beautiful of all. 
 It embraces about three or four acres and was established May I5th, 1876. 
 Originally the Court House park was a portion of Standish park, making an 
 area of about eight acres. The first Board of Park Commissioners, six in number, 
 was appointed by Honorable George W. Brown, who was then mayor of the 
 city. The following are the names: Honorable T. Judson Hale, Professor 
 George Churchill, Honorable B. F. Arnold, Honorable O. T. Johnson, John 
 McFarland, and Professor J. V. N. Standish. Honorable T. J. Hale was elected 
 the first president, serving in that capacity one or two years. He was succeeded 
 by Professor Standish who is the only original member and has served as presi- 
 dent of the park commission for thirty-four years. He has also served as super- 
 intendent for the same length of time. The present members of the park com- 
 mission are the following: J. V. N. Standish, president and superintendent; 
 Loren Stevens, secretary ; Hiram Mars, P. M. Stromberg, A. J. Perry, and G. H. 
 Bridge. ;> ^ '^r; :/ / :; , 
 
 .;"''*;',";>:',';''' -;':/.- LOMBARD CAMPUS '"'':.".; -f 
 
 A word must be said in regard to Lombard Campus, as Professor Standish 
 had much to do in making it what it is. It covers a surface of fourteen acres 
 and is a most beautiful spot. It is surrounded with large stately elms (perhaps 
 not so magnificent as the New Haven elms), which in beauty and grandeur can 
 hardly be surpassed. The campus itself is planted with iquite a variety of trees 
 and shrubs, every one of which is a specimen. In beauty of symmetry and ele- 
 gance of grace, no finer sugar maples can be found than those growing on Lom- 
 bard Campus. 
 
 ^.h^V'"' V'-^''.-.'---; :-?'\''-''''' PARKS OF EAST GALESBURG /.^"''' ''' '-' 
 
 There are some other parks in Knox county which are worthy of mention. 
 Just east of Galesburg is situated the Lake Rice park. It is beautiful, and with 
 its water, boating, fishing and golf grounds, it is an ideal spot for games and 
 amusement. Here is located the Soangetaha Club a club composed of our best 
 citizens. This place is much frequented by reason of its attractiveness and 
 beauty. 
 
 Just south of Lake Rice is situated Highland park and Highland lake where 
 
464 HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY 
 
 the people assemble more frequently than at Lake Rice park. Here are held the 
 chautauquas from year to year, and here are the contests for the regatta prizes 
 by the lady students of Knox college. 
 
 ' ; ; PARKS OF KNOXVILLE 
 
 Knoxville too is not without her park, and on it stands a historic building. 
 Indeed, on account of its place and style, it is the most attractive building in Knox 
 county. It is the "Old Court House." It is fashioned after the manner of an old 
 Greek temple. The metopes and triglyphs are seen in the entablature and the 
 frieze is of the Doric order. The columns too are Doric, without bases and with 
 sixteen flutings in fitting resemblance to the Greek model. Whoever has seen 
 a Greek temple will readily recognize the "Old Court House" as a correct imi- 
 tation. 
 
 .:' ' Here in Knoxville is Gilbert's park, which probably is more frequented than 
 any other park in the county. It is small, well wooded, and without ornamenta- 
 tion. Really, it is park in a state of nature, and is much used because it is a 
 pleasant retreat. 
 
 In real art and taste, the campus of St. Mary's school stands among the first. 
 What a pleasure it is to walk in upon those grounds and see those masses of 
 flowering shrubbery and the ornamental vines clinging to the barren walls! 
 
 A little farther to the northward is the park and garden of the almshouse 
 which in their loveliness and order it is difficult to surpass. The lawn here is im- 
 maculate. Here is a pattern for similar institutions to follow. A beautiful land- 
 scape or a beautiful flower is a blessing to every beholder. '.'-;' 
 
 ; ; ' ONEroA PARK ' -^''^ * 
 
 Oneida is not without her park, and a beautiful one it is. To the praise of 
 the citizens of this city, it must be said that it is well kept. There is a civic pride 
 here that is commendable. The plat of ground belongs to the C., B. & Q. rail- 
 road, but the citizens of Oneida procured it from the company to be used for 
 park purposes. Here is a lesson for other cities of the county. Every one of 
 them should have its beautiful park. 
 
 "''"'''''--:':' .^''Y;;'.'-yV^'-'^.'^ 
 . ' ; /, > .^._: YATES CITY ;^- v ^:l/^:>', .'^^c^j- '::' 
 
 Yates City is also in the march of improvement. She has her park already 
 planned and is working it out for the pleasure and benefit of her citizens. >;-,;. 
 
 t -':-% . . ; CONCLUSION - ^: ^-; ^- - - ^" ' ' "-^ ' 1- ...-: 
 
 In conclusion it must be said that parks are not only things of beauty, but a 
 necessity. They are educators. They make for a higher civilization. They are 
 health-giving resorts to millions. They are places of rest to many a weary 
 mother and a source of delight and joy to her children. In a word, they are 
 man's best sanitariums and God's hospitals for the aged, the feeble and the care- 
 worn. Plant then parks and playgrounds and commons, and ornament them ; for 
 they are man's best gifts To man. .-. 
 
THE COUNTRY CLUB GROUNDS AT LAKE RICE 
 
 LAKE RICE. NEAR THE EASTERN LIMITS OF GALESBURG 
 
 
464 - HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY ^ 
 
 the people assemble more frequently than at Lake Rice park. Here are held the 
 chautauquas from year to year, and here are the contests for the regatta prizes 
 by the lady students of Knox college. 
 
 . '';. PARKS OF KNOXVILLE . , V-i 
 
 Knoxville too is not without her park, and on it stands a historic building. 
 Indeed, on account of its place and style, it is the most attractive building in Knox 
 county. It is the "Old Court House." It is fashioned after the manner of an old 
 Greek temple. The metopes and triglyphs are seen in the entablature and the 
 frieze is of the Doric order. The columns too are Doric, without bases and with 
 sixteen flutings in fitting resemblance to the Greek model. Whoever has seen 
 a Greek temple will readily recognize the "Old Court House" as a correct imi- 
 tation. 
 
 Here in Knoxville is Gilbert's park, which probably is more frequented than 
 any other park in tlie county. It is small, well wooded, and without ornamenta- 
 tion. Really, it is park in a state of nature, and is much used because it is a 
 pleasant retreat. 
 
 In real art and taste, the campus of St. Mary's school stands among the first. 
 What a pleasure it is to walk in upon those grounds and see those masses of 
 flowering shrubbery and the ornamental vines clinging to the barren walls ! 
 
 A little farther to the northward is the park and garden of the almshouse 
 which in their loveliness and order it is difficult to surpass. The lawn here is im- 
 maculate. Here is a pattern for similar institutions to follow. A beautiful land- 
 scape or a beautiful flower is a blessing to every beholder. . , 
 
 ONEIDA PARK - 
 
 Oneida is not without her park, and a beautiful one it is. To the praise of 
 the citizens of this city, it must be said that it is well kept. There is a civic pride 
 here that is commendable. The plat of ground belongs to the C., B. & Q. rail- 
 road, but the citizens of Oneida procured it from the company to be used for 
 park purposes. Here is a lesson for other cities of the county. Every one of 
 them should have its beautiful park. 
 
 ; . . YATES CITY V .' 
 
 Yates City is also in the march of improvement. She has her park already 
 planned and is working it out for the pleasure and benefit of her citizens. 
 
 ' CONCLUSION -, t 
 
 In conclusion it must be said that parks are not only things of beauty, but a 
 necessity. They are educators. They make for a higher civilization. They are 
 health-giving resorts to millions. They are places of rest to many a weary 
 mother and a source of delight and joy to her children. In a word, they are 
 man's best sanitariums and God's hospitals for the aged, the feeble and the care- 
 worn. Plant then parks and playgrounds and commons, and ornament them ; for 
 they are man's best gifts To man. v ; ;. 
 
THE COl'XTRY CI.l'I! GROUNDS AT LAKE RICE 
 
 LAKE RICE. NEAR THE EASTERN LIMITS OF GALESIiURG 
 
V HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY ;; 466 
 
 THE EARLY DAYS OF BANKING IN KNOX COUNTY 
 - / By LLOYD F. WERTMAN 
 
 The banks were the stocking or teapot, under the hearth-stone, and various 
 niches in the logs of the houses. 
 
 In the early fifties, James Knox kept a grocery and general store in Knox- 
 ville. The building was located north of Main street on the west side of the 
 public square. The dignity of banking was raised by Mr. Knox when he pur- 
 chased a sheet iron safe, placed it in the back end of his store and received 
 deposits from his patrons, giving a receipt for money left with him. When the 
 depositor wished to draw his money, he produced his receipt and if the depository 
 had not enough money on hand for the required needs, he patiently waited until 
 the supply was increased to meet the demands. There was no run or thought of 
 a run on the bank. 
 
 Cornelius Runkle was the first person to start a regular bank in Knox county. 
 This was a private bank in Knoxville north of Main street on the west side of 
 the public square. He was president and his cashier was John Babbington. 
 After some years, he moved his bank and located on the corner where the Pres- 
 byterian church now stands, south of his first location. In 1863, the bank was 
 nationalized as the First National Bank of Knoxville, Illinois. After the death 
 of John Babbington, Henry Runkle was elected cashier. He was succeeded by 
 Herbert Bailey and he by Frank G. Sanbom. Mr. Sanborn became president of 
 the Farmers National Bank afterwards. The bank was guarded day and night 
 by a brindled bull dog who was always on the alert for any trouble. After 
 twenty years, the charter expired and the bank was reorganized as the Farmers 
 National Bank. 
 
 In February, i88i, Mr. Cornelius Runkle, its president, was attacked at night 
 in the bank building by bank robbers. He roomed at the bank and was alone at 
 the ti^me They tortured him severely by hanging him up, also by placing him on 
 the bed and pouring kerosene oil over his feet and applying the flame, burning .- 
 
 his feet severely. As he was bound to his bed they tried to make him reveal the 
 combination of the safe, which he could not do as he did not know. He kept 
 some money in a small safe in the banking room to accommodate customers after 
 banking hours. After the robbers were satisfied he could not open the large safe, ; 
 
 they left him and secured nearly $2,500.00 from the small safe. No one was 
 ever arrested for the offense. ,^ . 
 
 The Farmers National Bank of Knoxville was organized and commenced 
 business January 13, 1885, with a capital of $60,000. ! : 
 
 The first officers and directors of the bank were as follows: v ', .; 
 
 Officers: F. G. Sanborn, president; O. G. Smith, cashier; J. Z. Cams, assist- ' 
 
 ant cashier. Directors: A. M. Craig, J. W. Cams, C. W. Leffingwell, H. L. ';: 
 
 Bailey, F. G. Sanborn, R. C. Price, J. S. Brewer. 
 
 The Farmers National Bank, taking up the business of the old First National 
 Bank at the expiration of its charter, has experienced a steady and satisfactory . . 
 
 growth during the succeeding years and is now operating with a capital and 
 surplus of $95,000. V 
 
 The present officers and directors are as follows:' ; '' 
 
 Vol l-.l' :, ;''"' ':; 
 
466 : HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY 
 
 .Officers: J. Z. Cams, president; W. W. McBride, cashier; H. Huggins, 
 assistant cashier. Directors: J. H. Lewis, C. C. Craig, J. Z. Cams, W. W. 
 McBride, Hubbard Huggins. 
 
 . KNOX COUNTY STATE BANK, KNOXVILLE 
 
 The Knox County Bank of F. E. Wilson & Co., of Knoxville, Illinois, was 
 organized as a private bank, by F. E. Wilson, C. M. and Nellie J. Corbin with a 
 paid up capital of $25,000 and opened for business on January 26, 1903, in their 
 fine new brick building on East Main street, Knoxville, Illinois, and after about 
 three and one-half years of very successful business, seeing the needs of a 
 larger and stronger institution, then organized the Knox County State Bank 
 under a charter from the state dated July 31, 1906, with a capital of $50,000 and 
 over fifty stock holders. 
 
 This bank opened for business on August i, 1906, with the following officers 
 in charge : F. E. Wilson, president ; Mark Burnside, vice-president ; R. R. Col- 
 lins, cashier. The first directors being: C. M. Corbin, J. H. Lewis, Jr., Mark 
 Burnside, F. E. Wilson, J. R. Wilder, they purchasing the business of the 
 private bank, Knox County, of F. E. Wilson & Co. 
 
 This institution having had a very large and successful business since its 
 organization has, in addition to their $50,000 capital a surplus of $14,000 earned 
 and undivided profits of $5,000, in addition to paying a handsome dividend to 
 their stockholders each year. 
 
 The institution still retains its first elected officers to manage its affairs, and its 
 present directors are: C. M. Corbin, Omer N. Custer, Frank Hopkins, J. H. 
 Lewis, Jr., E. R. Lacy, Mark Burnside, F. E. Wilson. Under their management, 
 the bank is steadily increasing their deposits and loans and it now ranks as one of 
 the foremost banks in the county, according to its capital and surplus. 
 
 . ; PRIVATE BANK OF J. M. NISLEY 
 
 . ''i 
 
 .; J. M. Nisley commenced business with a capital of $30,000.00, as a private 
 banker, in Knoxville, Illinois, in February, 1890, in a building located on the 
 south side of the public square. The officials were J. M. Nisley, president, and 
 Nathan Anderson, cashier. They were assisted by the old veteran in banking 
 business, Cornelius Runkle, until his death. 
 
 This bank has always enjoyed the confidence of its patrons and the surround- 
 ing community because of its conservative and courteous treatment. 
 
 James F. Dunn located the first bank in Galesburg, Illinois, about the year 
 1853, in a building south of Main street, on the east side of the public square. 
 He afterwards moved from that building to the one at the southeast corner of 
 Main and Prairie streets and continued business up to i86i when he failed. D. H. 
 Frisbie was appointed assignee to close up its affairs. 
 
 Then followed the Sidney Meyer's Bank, called the Knox County Savings 
 Bank, with Joseph Grant as cashier. This bank was located on north side. Main 
 street, east of Cherry in the Mathews' building, now occupied by McKamy & Doll. 
 
B.n 
 
 5 2 
 
 5'5' -^ 
 
 -'" c 
 
 2? z 
 
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;^-. HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY V; v 
 
 Officers: J. Z. Cams, president; W. W. McBride, cashier; H. Huggins, 
 assistant cashier. Directors: J. H. Lewis, C. C. Craig, J. Z. Cams, W. W. 
 McBride, Hubbard Huggins. 
 
 - KNOX COUNTY STATE BANK, KNOXVILLE 
 
 The Knox County Bank of F. E. Wilson & Co., of Knoxville, Illinois, was 
 organized as a private bank, by F. E. Wilson, C. M. and Nellie J. Corbin with a 
 paid up capital of $25.000 and opened for business on January 26, 1903, in their 
 fine new brick building on East Main street, Knoxville, Illinois, and after about 
 three and one-half years of very successful business, seeing the needs of a 
 larger and stronger institution, then organized the Knox County State Bank 
 under a charter from the state dated July 31, 1906, with a capital of $50,000 and 
 over fifty stock holders. . ' ' ; , j . 
 
 This bank opened for business on August i, 1906, with the following officers 
 in charge : F. E. Wilson, president ; Mark Burnside, vice-president ; R. R. Col- 
 lins, cashier. The first directors being: C. M. Corbin, J. H. Lewis, Jr., Mark 
 Burnside, F. E. Wilson, J. R. Wilder, they purchasing the business of the 
 private bank, Knox County, oi F. E. Wilson & Co. 
 
 This institution having had a very large and successful business since its 
 organization has, in addition to their $50.000 capital a surplus of $14.000 earned 
 and undivided profits of $5,000, in addition to paying a handsome dividend to 
 their stockholders each year. / | 
 
 The institution still retains its first elected officers to manage its affairs, and its 
 present directors are: C. M. Corbin, Omer N. Custer, Frank Hopkins, J. H. 
 Lewis, Jr., E. R. Lacy. Mark Burnside, F. E. Wilson. Under their management, 
 the bank is steadily increasing their deposits and loans and it now ranks as one of 
 the foremost banks in the county, according to its capital and surplus. 
 
 -.; PRIVATE BANK OF J. M. NISLEY '. 
 
 J. M. Nisley commenced business with a capital of $30,000.00, as a private 
 banker, in Knoxville. Illinois, in February, 1890, in a building located on the 
 south side of the public square. The officials were J. M. Nisley, president, and 
 Xathan Anderson, cashier. They were assisted by the old veteran in banking 
 business, Cornelius Runkle, until his death. . ' '> :. ; . | ', 
 
 This bank has always enjoyed the confidence of its patrons and the surround- 
 ing community because of its conservative and courteous treatment. 
 
 James F. Dunn located the first bank in Galesburg, Illinois, about the year 
 1853, in a building south of Main street, on the east side of the public square. 
 He afterwards moved from that building to the one at the southeast corner of 
 Main and Prairie streets and continued business up to i86i when he failed. D. H. 
 Frisbie was appointed assignee to close up its affairs. 
 
 Then followed the Sidney Meyer's Bank, called the Knox County Savings 
 Bank, with Joseph Grant as cashier. This bank was located on north side. Main 
 street, east of Cherry in the Mathews' building, now occupied by McKamy & Doll. 
 
HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY; ;; 467 
 
 It remained in business only a couple of years wh6n it closed out and removed to 
 Chicago. 
 
 The McCoy Bank followed, which was located in a building south of Main on 
 the west side of Prairie street, near the building occupied by the old fire depart- 
 ment, which bank was called the Nemaha County Bank, and issued currency 
 under that name. There never was such a place as Nemaha at that date. The 
 Nemaha money was taken by some of the grocers and men who traded here, but 
 was not good on the railroad and it drove out all good money from the city. Not 
 a dollar could be obtained. 
 
 Then, about the year 1856, followed the A. D. Reed & Co. Bank, located at 
 the corner of Main and Cherry streets where now stands the Farmers & Mechanics 
 Bank in what is known as the old Second National Bank Building. E. L. Chap- 
 man was its cashier. They remained in business to about 1862, when they closed 
 out and Mr. Reed moved to Chicago where he died. This bank issued money and 
 it was distributed quite generally in this section and yet it was worth only thirty- 
 three cents on the dollar and he refused to take his own money at that. A bank 
 in Connecticut furnished us all the good money we used. (Hartford & New 
 Haven.) 
 
 V. .;; -/i''/:,;. -.^ :-/;'';'' FIRST NATIONAL BANK -...';-;.^ -y 
 
 First National Bank, Galesburg, Illinois, was organized December 15, 1863. 
 Capital stock subscribed and paid in $100,000. The first stockholders' meeting 
 was held on Tuesday, December 22, 1863, at two o'clock. The following directors 
 were elected: C. H. Mathews, J. D. Hand, Charles E. Grant, E. R. Adams, 
 Timothy Moshier, David Sanborn, W. N. Phillips, John Becker and L. E. 
 Conger. Of the original stockholders, there is only one living at this date, J. T. 
 McKnight, of this city, who has passed to the beyond since writing this article. 
 The first directors' meeting was held in the office of C. H. Mathews at 4 130 P. M. 
 The board was organized by electing C. H. Mathews, president, David Sanbom, 
 vice-president, E. L. Chapman, Monmouth, Illinois, cashier. Commenced busi- 
 ness in the building located at the southeast corner of Main and Prairie streets. 
 May II, 1864, David Sanborn resigned as vice-president and Francis Colton was 
 elected in his place. November i, 1864, the stockholders voted to increase the 
 capital stock $50,000.00, making the total capital stock $150,000. Upon the resig- 
 nation of C. H. Mathews, Captain Francis Fuller was elected president, September 
 2, 1865, and served in that capacity for thirty years. In. the year of 1866, a new 
 banking building was erected at the northeast corner of Main and Cherry streets. 
 January 4, 1869, E. L. Chapman, cashier, resigned. January 12, 1869, M. S. 
 Smalley succeeded Mr. Chapman as cashier. January 14, 1878, Aza A. Madison 
 was elected vice-president. January 15, 1883, Joseph Hoover was elected cashier, 
 and served thirteen years to April 27, 1896, giving faithful service. 
 
 The following was the board of directors January 8, 1883 : Timothy Moshier, 
 Francis Fuller, George V. Dietrich, Charles E. Grant, Zephania Lewis, Joseph 
 Thirlwell, James Paden, Fred Seacord, and Asa A. Madison. L. F. Wertman was 
 elected vice-president January 14, 1895, and elected as president, January i8, 
 1897, continuing in the banking service to this date. Mr. Fred Seacord was 
 
468 HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY 
 
 elected vice-president, January i8, 1897, and served to January 19, 1903. Mr. G. 
 
 :; ; A. Lawrence succeeded Mr. Seacord, as vice-president, and is serving at this date. 
 
 .- Mr. Loren Stevens was appointed cashier May ii, 1896, and served to June i, 
 
 /.' 1903. January 26, 1903, F. L. Conger was appointed assistant cashier and January 
 
 ,: i8, 1904, appointed cashier and is serving in that capacity at the present date. 
 
 The present bank building was remodeled and rebuilt in the year 1901. The 
 
 .: bank's net earnings have been $1,059,250. Its present capital is $150,000.00, sur- 
 
 .-. plus and undivided profits, $238,750.00, total, $388,750. The present directors 
 
 '->' are Howard Knowles, G. A. Lawrence, Robert Chappell, Geo. C. Lescher, A. J. 
 
 Perry. W. L. Steele, J. G. Bumaugh, G. L. Avery, C. O. Lewis and L. F. Wert- 
 
 \V man. 
 
 During all these forty-nine years, the First National Bank has stood firm as a 
 
 t rock in strength, solid beyond question in good times and bad ; conservative under 
 
 all circumstances; has constantly worked for the interest of its patrons and for 
 
 ' - the upbuilding of the city. :.':;:;'";;:?'.':;' 
 
 '- ;:^ GALESBURG NATIONAL BANK " '. :" 
 
 , . - . GALESBURG, ILLINOIS, February 25, 1884. 
 
 Pursuant to a call issued by W. W. Washburn, the stockholders of the Gales- 
 
 ; :- burg National Bank assembled in the office of Bancroft & Moulton in the city of 
 
 '. ; Galesburg, Illinois, on Monday afternoon, February 25, 1884, at half past one 
 
 o'clock for the purpose of completing the organization and electing eleven 
 
 ?/ directors. The meeting was called to order by W. W. Washburn who nominated 
 
 for chairman, Mr. F. H. Rearick, who was duly elected. Mr. J. L. Hastings was 
 
 ^ chosen secretary. The object of the meeting being to complete the organization of 
 
 . : the Galesburg National Bank, the following named gentlemen were elected 
 
 directors: William Robson, Albert Webster, O. F. Price, James E. Brown, A. A. 
 
 ' Smith, A. W. Berggren, J. D. Besler, C. E. Lanstrum, B. F. Arnold, W. W. Wash- 
 
 . burn and H. M. Sisson. 
 
 The meeting as above was held pursuant to a circular letter issued February 
 
 25, 1884, by W. W. Washburn and mailed to those who had, at that time, sub- 
 
 ;^ ;: scribed for stock in the new bank to be called the Galesburg National Bank. At 
 
 the next meeting of the board of directors, W. W. Washburn was elected president 
 of the bank and James H. Losey, cashier. The bank opened for business in May, 
 1884. The gentlemen who were elected as directors at the first meeting continued 
 
 / to serve without change until the January meeting in 1886, when Hon. A. A. Smith, 
 at that time circuit judge, declined a re-election and P. F. Brown was chosen 
 director in his place. Mr. William Robson was chosen vice-president of the bank 
 
 ; and continued so until his death in January, 1901. On his death, he was suc- 
 ceeded as director by his son, E. Percy Robson. Mr. W. W. Washburn was made 
 vice-president to succeed Mr. Robson and continued this connection with the bank 
 
 ' until his death in 1901. In January, 1889, P. F. Brown was made president and 
 
 ; !' has so continued until the present time. Mr. James H. Losey continued as cashier 
 
 of the bank until July i, 1904, when he resigned to engage in business of his own 
 and was succeeded by A. S. Hamilton, who still holds that position. 
 
 ;. The present officers and employees are: P. F. Brown, president; A. W. 
 
GALESMURG NATIONAL BANK BUILDING 
 
 Located on the corner rf Ma-n anH I'-airJe Streets. Erected in 1895. Bank organized 1884. Capital 
 stock, $125,000. Surplus and profits, $165,000. 
 
/;V HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY - . ; 
 
 elected vice-president, January i8, 1897, and served to January 19, 1903. Mr. G. 
 A. Lawrence succeeded Mr. Seacord, as vice-president, and is serving at this date. 
 Mr. Loren Stevens was appointed cashier May ii, 1896, and served to June i, 
 
 . 1903. January 26, 1903, F. L. Conger was appointed assistant cashier and January 
 i8, 1904, appointed cashier and is serving in that capacity at the present date. 
 . The present bank building was remodeled and rebuilt in the year 1901. The 
 bank's net earnings have been $1,059,250. Its present capital is $150,000.00, sur- 
 plus and undivided profits, $238,750.00, total, $388,750. The present directors 
 are Howard Knoxvles, G. A. Lawrence, Robert Chappell, Geo. C. Lescher, A. J. 
 
 Perry. \V. L. Steele, J. G. Burnaugh, G. L. Avery, C. O. Lewis and L. F. VVert- 
 man. 
 
 During all these forty-nine years, the First National Bank has stood firm as a 
 rock in strength, solid beyond question in good times and bad ; conservative under 
 all circumstances ; has constantly worked for the interest of its patrons and for 
 the upbuilding of the city. 
 
 :. '; GALESRURG NATIONAL BANK . , 
 
 ': _ . GALESBURG, ILLINOIS, February 25, 1884. 
 
 Pursuant to a call issued by W. W. Washburn, the stockholders of the Gales- 
 . burg National Bank assembled in the office of Bancroft & Moulton in the city of 
 Galesburg, Illinois, on Monday afternoon, February 25, 1884, at half past one 
 o'clock for the purpose of completing the organization and electing eleven 
 directors. The meeting was called to order by W. W. Washburn who nominated 
 for chairman, Mr. F. H. Rearick, who was duly elected. Mr. J. L. Hastings was 
 chosen secretary. The object of the meeting being to complete the organization of 
 the Galesburg National Bank, the following named gentlemen were elected 
 directors: William Robson, Albert Webster, O. F. Price, James E. Brown, A. A. 
 Smith, A. W. Berggren, J. D. Besler, C. E. Lanstrum, B. F. Arnold, W. W. Wash- 
 burn and H. M. Sisson. 
 
 The meeting as above was held pursuant to a circular letter issued February 
 25, 1884, by \\'. W. Washburn and mailed to those who had, at that time, sub- 
 scribed for stock in the new bank to be called the Galesburg National Bank. At 
 the next meeting of the board of directors, W. W. Washburn was elected president 
 of the bank and James H. Losey, cashier. The bank opened for business in May, 
 1884. The gentlemen who were elected as directors at the first meeting continued 
 to serve without change until the January meeting in 1886, when Hon. A. A. Smith, 
 at that time circuit judge, declined a re-election and P. F. Brown was chosen 
 director in his place. Mr. William Robson was chosen vice-president of the bank 
 and continued so until his death in January, 1901. On his death, he was suc- 
 ceeded as director by his son, E. Percy Robson. Mr. W. W. Washburn was made 
 vice-president to succeed Mr. Robson and continued this connection with the bank 
 until his death in 1901. In January, 1889, P. F. Brown was made president and 
 has so continued until the present time. Mr. James H. Losey continued as cashier 
 of the bank until July i, 1904, when he resigned to engage in business of his own 
 and was succeeded by A. S. Hamilton, who still holds that position. 
 
 The present officers and employees are: P. F. Brown, president; A. W. 
 
CALKSllL'RC XATIO.NAI. I'.ANK I'-fll-DIXC 
 
 Located I'li tl>e corner <-f Ma-n aiiH I'-i-ne Street'. Krected in isii.'i. I'ank organized 1SS4. Capital 
 stock. $125,0110. Surplus and profits, $I(ir),ooo. 
 
-.'' ; ;V HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY ; - ; 
 
 Berggren, vice-president; A. S. Hamilton, cashier; Curtis H. Brown, teller; 
 Matthew Johnson, bookkeeper; Harry Anderson, assistant bookkeeper; Qarence 
 Gustafson, clerk and messenger; and Stella Carlson, stenographer. 
 
 The above constitutes the formation of the bank, its first officers and those at 
 present in command. Of the original directors, there remain at the present time 
 but three, B. F. Arnold, J. D. Besler and A. W. Berggren, sturdy rocks in the 
 foundation of a solid, substantial institution. In the ranks of its board, from the 
 first to the last, it may readily be perceived, conservatism formed a large element 
 in its makeup, standing always for sound banking and financial strength. From 
 the first, it has sought to care for its patrons in such a manner as to merit their 
 confidence and esteem and at the same time, meet the approbation of its stock- 
 holders and founders, 
 
 .(_,_*' '' ''.'; '''. 
 
 ,..':;''..';.:;-'''.. :"'.' ^>''^ BANK OF GALESBURG '; ' ; - -'''V'' \/'-^':.-: " 
 
 In January, 1889, Mr. J. R. Lindgren of the banking firm of Haugan & Lind- 
 gren of Chicago, 111., now State Bank of Chicago, made overtures to Mr. P. N. 
 Granville, then city treasurer of Galesburg, to open a savings bank in Galesburg, 
 giving him authority to select men for different positions in the bank, Mr. Lind- 
 gren to finance the new venture. Mr. Granville not having had any previous ex- 
 perience in banking, induced Mr. Axel Gabrielson, a experienced banker, to take 
 charge as cashier and Mr. Henry E. Olson, a man of experience in the insurance 
 business, was selected as bookkeeper, Mr. Granville accepting the position of assist- 
 ant cashier. The bank was opened up for business at No. 308 East Main street, 
 on the first day of April, 1889, and gained the confidence of the people from the 
 start. The officers did not solicit or work for commercial business accounts, 
 although some came to them unsolicited. The principal object was to induce peo- 
 ple, who were not accustomed to banking, to open an account and receive interest 
 on such amounts as they could lay aside from time to time. No interest was being 
 paid by other banks in the city at that time, nor did the other banks pay interest on 
 deposits until 1900. 
 
 In the summer of 1891 Hon. Alfred M. Craig, then judge of the Supreme court 
 of the state of Illinois, having disposed of his bank stock holdings in Galesburg, 
 entered into an agreement with Mr. J. R. Lindgren to organize the Bank of 
 Galesburg as a state bank instead of a private bank, and on August 4, 1891, 
 authority was given by the state "department to Axel Gabrielson, P. N. Granville, 
 A. W. Berggren and A. M. Craig to incorporate the Bank of Galesburg, at Gales- 
 burg, Illinois, whereupon the following persons subscribed for and became stock- 
 holders of the new bank, viz. : 
 
 J. R. Lindgren, A. M. Craig, P. N. Granville, J. M. Scott, H. E. Olson, L. O. 
 Williamson. A. W. Berggren, J. F. Anderson, N. O. G. Johnson, W. H. Smollinger 
 M. O, Williamson, S. R. Swanson, A. O. Peterson, Mrs. M. S. Peterson, Peter 
 Nelson, F. D. Vittum, G. N. Hamilton, F. T. Peterson, Claus Anderson, D. L. 
 Peterson, J. P. Anderson, E. L. Thorsen, J. H. Williamson, E. Kimpton, D. W. 
 Aldrich, A. W. Truedson, S. W. Swanson, D. B. Swanson, Chas. Burkhardt, Thos. 
 McKee, Nels M. Burgland, Olof Hawkinson, G. W. Thompson, L. J. Olson, G. 
 Hawkinson, F. R. Jelliff, J. Williamson, J. E. Williamson, J. D. Welsh, C. A. 
 
470 
 
 HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY 
 
 Erickson, A. W. Erickson, Miss E. C. Anderson, Miss Lena Anderson, Miss A. C. 
 Highlander, Miss Emma Highlander, G. W. Prince, S. H. Olson, Mrs. Elise Nird- 
 linger, J. O. Frost, Murphy Bros. & Anderson, R. W. Colville, T. W. Peterson, R. 
 W. Townsend, L. A. Townsend. 
 
 The first meeting of the stockholders was called for the purpose of electing 
 directors, etc., to meet Sept. 17, 1891, at which meeting 765 shares were repre- 
 sented. The number of directors was fixed at nine and the following were then 
 elected to serve the remaining part of the fiscal year, each receiving the full 765 
 votes, viz. : A. M. Craig, P. N. Granville, W. H. Smollinger, M. O. Williamson, 
 Peter Nelson, S. R. Swanson, A. O. Peterson, N. O. G. Johnson afid J. R. Lind- 
 gren. 
 
 : : On Sept. 15, 1891, the directors held their first meeting and elected the fol- 
 lowing officers : Hon. A. M. Craig, president ; Peter Nelson, vice-president ; Axel 
 Gabrielson, cashier ; P. N. Granville, assistant cashier and secretary. 
 
 The charter of the bank was dated Oct. 3, 1891, and upon the 5th day of 
 October, 1891, the bank adopted its by-laws and opened up for business under a 
 state charter. ^ *; . :' 
 
 The bank statement published for January 2, 1892, was as follows : 
 
 Statement, Jan. 2, 1892. 
 
 Resources. 
 
 Liabilities. 
 
 Loans and discounts $143,131.46 
 
 Furniture and fixtures. . . . 1,425.00 
 
 Premium account 187.64 
 
 Profit and loss 312.63 
 
 Cash and sight exchange. . . 78,210.97 
 
 Capital stock paid in $100,000.00 
 
 Undivided profits 213.56 
 
 Deposits 122,954.14 
 
 $223,167.70 :-;'>--.' $223,167.70 
 
 ^ Owing to director J. R. Lindgren having his home in Chicago he advised 
 having a home man elected in his stead, which wish was complied with by electing 
 Mr. Olof Hawkinson a director at the annual meeting in January, 1892. Our bank- 
 ing room was beginning to be considered as undesirable for such purposes. Hon. A. 
 M. Craig, the president, suggested the buying of a lot and erecting a bank build- 
 ing, and on May 23, 1892, reported having an option on a lot in the next block 
 west of our present location, size 25 ft. by lOO ft. The board authorized the pur- 
 chase of same, which was accordingly done, but action on building thereon was 
 delayed on account of leases and later developments changed all plans from that 
 location. ^^^-.^ '- -'':/_}':':: ^''-^ '...:: ^'j;? 
 
 September 19, 1892, Mr. Axel Gabrielson presented his resignation as cashier 
 on account of entering into the ministry, whereupon the board accepted his resig* 
 nation and elected officers to fill vacancies as follows : P. N. Granville, cashier, 
 H. E. Olson, assistant cashier, and O. E. Peterson, bookkeeper. At the regular 
 meeting of the board of directors of July 8, 1895, the bank statement was read 
 showing an undivided profit of $8,000.00, whereupon a motion .was made and 
 carried to pay a dividend of three per cent to stockholders and place $5,000.00 
 into a surplus fund. This was the first dividend of this new bank. 
 
V;\:;: / ^-- "^VV HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY y ^ ' 471 ./ 
 
 The need of a large working force was being more manifest and on April i, ;? 
 1893, Mr. Geo. H. Craig, then cashier of the Bank of Altona, was elected to fill '.; 
 
 the position of teller. ''. : 
 
 At the annual stockholders' meeting of Jan. 2, 1905, Major H. H. Clay .was ;. ?; 
 elected director in place of A. O. Peterson, who retired from the board. 
 
 In the month of April, 1895, Judge Craig informed the board that he had -\ . 
 procured a lease of the corner store room of the Fraternity hall building, then oc- ':^/ 
 cupied as a drug store, for a term of ten years, beginning February, 1897. 
 
 On Feb. 5, 1896, occurred the death of Mr. George H. Craig, teller of the .. ^ 
 
 bank. His courteous and kindly disposition had endeared him to all concerned '.v 
 
 and it was a severe blow to his father. Judge Craig, the president of the bank. ': : : 
 
 Mr. O. E. Peterson was elected teller, to fill the vacancy and Mr. Alfred J. Peter- - .,: 
 
 son was employed as bookkeeper. On March 28, 1896, occurred the death of Mr. ' i 
 
 Olof Hawkinson, one of our directors, and the vacancy was not filled until the '; . 
 annual meeting in January, 1897, at which time Mr. Nels M. Burgland was ' . 
 
 elected a director in his stead. ' 1 
 
 The bank having leased the corner store room of the Covenant Mutual Asso- 
 ciation building, comer of Main and Kellogg street, proceeded to erect a vault 
 therein and on Feb. i, 1897, moved into the more desirable and lighter room. 
 
 At this time the following statement of the condition of the bank was shown: , . 
 
 ./ ; L ' .. ; Statement, Feb. 6, 1897. ' ' 
 
 Resources. - Liabilities. : . v. 
 
 Loans and discounts $255,123.07 Capital stock $100,000.00 
 
 Overdrafts 4,503.38 Surplus 40,000.00 
 
 Real estate 16,000.00 Undivided profits i,i 10.23 
 
 Furniture and fixtures 1,425.00 Dividends unpaid 1,035.00 
 
 Checks and cash items 22,020.71 Deposits 182,185.70 
 
 Cash and sight exchange . . . 24,808.46 
 
 Current expenses 45O-3i t ' 
 
 Total assets $324,330.93 Total assets $324,330.93 
 
 At the meeting of the board of directors following the annual stockholders' 
 meeting of Jan. 3, 1898, Mr. Peter Nelson, then vice-president, placed in nomina- 
 tion director N. O. G. Johnson for that office and he was elected vice-president 
 for the ensuing year, the other officers all being re-elected to their respective 
 offices. During the year of 1900, directors Peter Nelson and W. H. Smollinger 
 having disposed of their bank stock, left a vacancy in the board, which remained 
 as such until the annual stockholders' meeting of Jan. 7, 1901, at which time 
 Messrs. Thos. W. Peterson and William Bumside were elected to fill said vacan- 
 
 During the year 1901, the work increased so it became necessary to procure - -i 
 more help and in June of 1901, Mr. Arvid P. Zetterberg was added to the force 
 
 as bookkeeper. ': ' 
 
 :. October 3, 1901, being our tenth anniversary as an incorporated bank, we ,.;,,' ~ 
 
 made the following statement: - ..... !.,^ 
 
 
472 HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY 
 
 Resources. Liabilities. 
 
 Loans and discounts $761,170.02 Capital stock $100,000.00 
 
 Overdrafts 7,286.31 Surplus fund 50,000.00 
 
 Furniture and fixtures 1,000.00 Undivided profits 16,750.68 
 
 Bonds 31,400.00 Dividends unpaid 1,095.00 
 
 Real estate 10,000.00 Deposits 789,323.82 
 
 Checks and cash items 3,335-95 .,. ,. ,. , - , , .. ,. . 
 
 Cash and sight exchange ... 142,977.22 .'.'/;. JtV 
 
 Total assets $957,169.50 Total assets $957,i'59.5O 
 
 In August, 1902, Mr. A. P. Zetterberg having resigned as bookkeeper to enter 
 college, Mr. Lawrence D. Johnson was chosen to take position of bookkeeper. 
 
 At the directors' meeting of Dec. 22, 1902, occurred an announcement that 
 took the board by surprise. The president, Hon. A. M. Craig, stated he had pur- 
 chased from Stewart Goodrell, receiver of the Covenant Mutual Life Association, 
 lot six (6), block twenty-eight (28) for the sum of forty-six thousand dollars, 
 for the bank if the directors chose to confirm it, otherwise he would keep it. The 
 directors promptly approved the action and authorized the cashier, P. N. Gran- 
 ville, to pay the purchase money. This lot was 66 ft. by 165 ft. deep, covered by 
 a building, a part being six stories in height, the front part being three stories. 
 This purchase made safe our bank location, as we occupied the corner store room 
 of said building and special gratitude was voiced to Judge Craig in the meeting re- 
 garding the purchase. 
 
 At the annual stockholders' meeting of January, 1903, Mr. J. R. Lindgren was 
 called upon to act as director in place of director M. O. Williamson, resigned. In 
 April, 1903, Mr. O. E. Peterson resigned his position as teller to accept the posi- 
 tion of cashiership of the newly organized State Bank of Victoria. The resignation 
 was accepted and Mr. A. J. Peterson was elected to fill the position of teller 
 vacated by Mr. O. E. Peterson, and Mr. A. M. Johnson was employed as assistant 
 bookkeeper. :.- ;.' 
 
 At the annual meeting of January, 1904, Mr. William Coffman was elected 
 director to succeed Mr. J. R. Lindgren of Chicago. On March 6, 1904, Mr. 
 Henry E. Olson, assistant cashier, was called away by death and the office of 
 assistant cashier remained vacant until October of the same year, at which time 
 Mr. Chas. E. Johnson, teller of the People's Trust & Savings Bank, was elected 
 assistant cashier to fill vacancy. 
 
 August, 1905, H. N. Bloomquist was employed as collector. During the year, 
 1906, director Nels M. Burgland disposed of his bank holdings and at the next 
 annual stockholders' meeting (Jan. 7, 1907) Mr. Charles C. Craig was elected 
 director to fill vacancy, and in June, 1909, Mr. Leonard Streedain was added to 
 the office force. 
 
 The need for more banking room was being felt daily but owing to the fact of 
 long leases held by tenants, the attempt was delayed. The lease of the Galesburg 
 Business Men's Club, who were occupying the whole third fioor space of the 
 building, would expire in December, 1910, and as they were putting up a building 
 of their own, the directors decided this to be a good time to remodel the whole 
 
: , ' BANK OF GALESBUKG BUILDING ' . : . . 
 
 Located on the corner of Main and Kellogg Streets. Building erected in 1886. Remodeled in 191S. 
 Bank established in 1889. Capital, $125,000. Surplus fund, $325,000. 
 
 
472 . HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY 
 
 '.'--.)'.' . , '- ;'',.-*' 
 
 ., . .- Resources. ' '. Liabilities. 
 
 Loans and discounts $761,170.02 Capital stock $100,000.00 
 
 Overdrafts 7,286.31 Surplus fund 50,000.00 .-' 
 
 Furniture and fixtures 1,000.00 Undivided profits 16,750.68 ' 
 
 Bonds 31,400.00 Dividends unpaid 1,095.00 
 
 Real estate 10,000.00 Deposits 789,323.82 '] 
 
 Checks and cash items 3.335-95 . . ... . . .. . 
 
 Cash and sight exchange. .. 142,977.22 ^ '. . ' ; ,\ 
 
 Total assets $957,169.50 Total assets $957,i^-5O '- .: 
 
 In August. 1902, Mr. A. P. Zetterberg having resigned as bookkeeper to enter . .V 
 
 ^' r f ' 
 
 college, Mr. Lawrence D. Johnson was chosen to take position of bookkeeper. , -.-' 
 
 At the directors' meeting of Dec. 22, 1902, occurred an announcement that . '. 
 took the board by surprise. The president, Hon. A. M. Craig, stated he had pur- . ': 
 chased from Stewart Goodrell, receiver of the Covenant Mutual Life Association, ' , . 
 lot six (6), block twenty-eight (28) for the sum of forty-six thousand dollars, ^ 
 for the bank if the directors chose to confirm it, otherwise he would keep it. The ' ; v' 
 directors promptly approved the action and authorized the cashier, P. N. Gran- .' 'V 
 ville, to pay the purchase money. This lot was 66 ft. by 165 ft. deep, covered by . . 
 a building, a part being six stories in height, the front part being three stories. ; , ; 
 This purchase made safe our bank location, as we occupied the corner store room .-; 
 of said building and special gratitude was voiced to Judge Craig in the meeting re- , - 
 garding the purchase. 'v .;' 
 
 At the annual stockholders' meeting of January, 1903, Mr. J. R. Lindgren was :'; 
 called upon to act as director in place of director M. O. Williamson, resigned. In , .^ 
 April, 1903, Mr. O. E. Peterson resigned his position as teller to accept the posi- ; ;: V 
 tion of cashiership of the newly organized State Hank of \'ictoria. The resignation ; 
 was accepted and Mr. A. J. Peterson was elected to fill the position of teller . ,' 
 vacated by Mr. O. E. Peterson, and Mr. A. M. Johnson was employed as assistant ; :. 
 bookkeeper. ^ , '..-.; V "I v .' ' > 
 
 At the annual meeting of January, 1904, Mr. William Coffman was elected 
 director to succeed Mr. J. R. Lindgren of Chicago. On March 6, 1904, Mr. , 
 Henry E. Olson, assistant cashier, was called away by death and the office of ' / . 
 assistant cashier remained vacant imtil October of the same year, at which time ' .> 
 Mr. Chas. E. Johnson, teller of the People's Trust & Savings Bank, was elected ' . 
 assistant cashier to fill vacancy. 1 i 
 
 August. 1905. H. N. Bloomquist was employed as collector. During the year, ' 
 1906. director Xels M. Burgland disposed of his bank holdings and at the next ' ' . 
 annual stockholders' meeting (Jan. 7. 1907) Mr. Charles C. Craig was elected 
 director to fill vacancy, and in June, 1909, Mr. Leonard Streedain was added to .'' . 
 the office force. ' . 
 
 The need for more banking room was being felt daily but owing to the fact of ; : : 
 long leases held by tenants, the attempt was delayed. The lease of the Galesburg .. ; 
 Business Men's Club, who were occupying the whole third floor space of the ;.^ > 
 building, would expire in December, 1910, and as they were putting up a building ' : . :' 
 of their own, the directors decided this to be a good time to remodel the whole ;:,.>- 
 
; 'V ' ' ISANK OK GALKSnUKG BUILDING ''..,; \ V: 
 
 Located on the corner of Main and Kcllopg Streets. Hnilding erected in 188fi. Remodeled in I9I8. 
 Bank estalilished in 1(<'J. Capital, $U'.'i.(tOO. Suri)lus fund, $325,000. 
 
HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY 473 
 
 building, enlarge the banking room, which was sorely needed, and make such 
 alterations as would make the building a modern one in all respects. With this 
 end in view Hon, A. M. Craig, president of the bank, at a meeting of the board of 
 directors. May i6, 1910, presented the following resolution, which was adopted 
 unanimously: 
 
 "Resolved, That Chas. E. Johnson and Directors H. H. Clay, C. C. Craig, P. 
 N. Granville and S. R. Swanson be and hereby are appointed a committee to ex- 
 amine Bank of Galesburg building, report to the board what changes should be 
 made and the cost; and they are further authorized to employ an architect to 
 assist in the investigation, procure plans, etc.," which resolution was carried into 
 effect and preliminary work started. 
 
 In 1910, A. M. Johnson and H. N. Bloomquist, bookkeeper and assistant book- 
 keeper, resigned to accept other positions. R. A. Christenson was employed as 
 collector. 
 
 At the directors' meeting held Sept. 19, 1910, Hon. A. M. Craig, president of 
 the board, called attention to the fact that the capital stock should be increased 
 from $100,000.00 to $125,000.00 in view of improvements contemplated, and to 
 better facilitate the enlarged business demands. Directors C. C. Craig, P. N. 
 Granville, and T. W. Peterson were then appointed a committee with authority to 
 prepare necessary papers, fix time of a stockholders' meeting to vote on the ques- 
 tion, etc. Oct. 31, 1910, was the time fixed, and 915 votes were cast in favor of 
 the proposed increase at the meeting held Oct. 31, 1910, and at the meeting held 
 I>ec. 5, 1910, the total shares of the increased stock was reported as having been 
 subscribed for payment to be made by Jan. 3, 1911. On March 6, 1911, the board 
 of directors authorized the building committee to enter into a contract with the 
 Diebold Safe & Lock Co., of Canton, Ohio, to build a concrete steel re-inforced 
 vault, with steel lining and two steel vault doors, as per specifications and at the 
 next meeting authorized the sam^ committee to contract with the Wollaeger 
 Manufacturing Co., of Milwaukee, Wis., to build and furnish bank fixtures for 
 new banking room, which fixtures were to be of marble and bronze as shown in 
 specifications furnished. 
 
 At the directors' meeting April 17, 1911, on motion of Director Granville, it 
 was carried unanimously that two stories be added to the front part of the bank 
 building to correspond with the five story part in the rear and also that an expert 
 opinion be secured from some civil engineer firm in Chicago as to strength of 
 foundations, walls and columns of the present building, and on April 20, 1911. 
 Messrs. E. C. and R. M. Shankland Civil Engineers Company of Chicago made 
 such examination very thoroughly and pronounced it perfectly safe. Architect 
 N. K. Aldrich was then authorized to prepare plans and specifications and place in 
 hands of contractors for bids on July lO, 1911. Bids were received and shortly 
 thereafter were given to lowest bidders as follows : Building contract to Mr. M. 
 E. Sweeney ; plumbing, heating, etc., to Mr. Oscar Hvarven ; and electric lighting 
 to Mr. F. J. Nelson. In August, 1911, the work increased and Miss Alma Palm- 
 quist was employed as stenographer. 
 
 August 28, 1911, was the last meeting presided over by the Hon. A. M. Craig 
 of this board of directors. During the week he contracted a heavy cold, and 
 although he visited the bank every day including Saturday, September 2nd, that 
 
474 , HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY 
 
 night at midnight he became partially unconscious and died Wednesday evening, 
 Sept. 6, 1911, beloved and revered by his many associates and acquaintances. He 
 had during his long life of 8i years acquired both a national and state wide 
 reputation as lawyer, judge and jurist. His banking associates felt his loss keenly. 
 His ripe judgment in business affairs, his ability as a lawyer and adviser and his 
 standing as an exponent of honesty and fair dealing was universally known and 
 his financial worth and standing conceded. His finances were left in good condi- 
 tion to his two sons, Messrs. Harvey A. and Charles C. Craig, who were well 
 fitted by education and ability to carry on his affairs. The board of directors at 
 their meeting, Sept. ii, 1911, unanimously made choice of Director Charles C. 
 Craig to become the president of Bank of Galesburg to succeed his father. At 
 the same meeting Mr. Chas. E. Johnson was chosen a director to fill vacancy in 
 the board. 
 
 October 5, 1911, was the 2Oth anniversary of this bank, and at the close of 
 business that day the following statement was shown : 
 
 Resources Liabilities 
 
 Loans and discounts. . .$1,227,454.13 Capital stock $ 125,000.00 
 
 Overdrafts 12,616.67 Surplus fund 325,000.00 
 
 Bonds 16,000.00 Undivided profits 3,569.86 
 
 Banking house 54,000.00 Dividends unpaid 150.00 
 
 Checks and cash items. 15,141.90 Reserved for taxes & int. 5,488.54 
 
 Cash and sight exchange 147,192.57 Deposits $1,013,197.17 
 
 $1,472,405.57 $1,472,405.57 
 
 Since the time of incorporation the Bank of Galesburg has distributed and 
 paid these princely amounts besides acquiring a surplus fund, viz: 
 
 Paid interest to its depositors the sum of $287,967.81 
 
 Paid in taxes the sum of 43,793.14 
 
 .; Paid dividends to stockholders the sum of 96,500.00 
 
 Grand total $428,260.95 
 
 At the annual stockholders' meeting, January 8, 1912, the following were 
 elected directors for the ensuing year : C. C. Craig, N. O. G. Johnson, Thos. W. 
 Peterson, S. R. Swanson, H- H. Clay, Wm. Coffman, Wm. Burnside and P. N. 
 Granville, and they elected the following officers and authorized the following 
 employees : 
 
 Charles C. Craig, president; N. O. G. Johnson, vice president; P. N. Gran- 
 ville, cashier and secretary ; Chas. E. Johnson, asst. cashier ; L. D. Johnson and 
 A. J. Peterson, tellers ; Leonard H. Streedain, bookkeeper ; R. A. Christenson, asst. 
 bookkeeper; Miss Alma Palmquist, stenographer. 
 
 At this writing the bank building is nearing completion and with more room 
 and better facilities, the bank will have even greater opportunities to serve the 
 people and business interests of Galesburg and vicinity than in the past. 
 
 THE FARMERS & MECHANICS BANK 
 
 This bank was organized in 1869, and its charter was granted by a special 
 

 '.'*.J '' - '* '. ' - 
 
 if.:..' ' ''..,; :- 
 ' , , ; ' X - '. ; 
 
 
474 -r HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY - ' 
 
 night at midnight he became partially unconscious and died Wednesday evening, 
 Sept. 6, 1911, beloved and revered by his many associates and acquaintances. He 
 had during his long life of 8i years acquired both a national and state wide 
 reputation as lawyer, judge and jurist. His banking associates felt his loss keenly. 
 His ripe judgment in business affairs, his ability as a lawyer and adviser and his 
 standing as an exponent of honesty and fair dealing was universally known and 
 his financial worth and standing conceded. His finances were left in good condi- 
 tion to his two sons, Messrs. Harvey A. and Charles C. Craig, who were well 
 fitted by education and ability to carry on his affairs. The board of directors at 
 their meeting, Sept. ii, 1911, unanimously made choice of Director Charles C. 
 Craig to become the president of Bank of Galesburg to succeed his father. At 
 the same meeting Mr. Chas. E. Johnson was chosen a director to fill vacancy in 
 the board. 
 
 October 5, 1911, was the 2Oth anniversary of this bank, and at the close of 
 business that day the following statement was shown : 
 
 Resources Liabilities 
 
 Loans and discounts. . .$1,227,454.13 Capital stock $ 125,000.0x3 
 
 Overdrafts 12,616.67 Surplus fund 325,000.00 
 
 Bonds 16,000.00 Undivided profits 3,569.86 
 
 Banking house 54,000.00 Dividends unpaid 150.00 
 
 Checks and cash items. 15,141.90 Reserved for taxes & int. 5,488.54 
 
 Cash and sight exchange 147,192.57 Deposits $1,013,197.17 
 
 7 ' :^-. .-.'-. :^ $1,472,405.57 
 
 Since the time of incorporation the Bank of Galesburg has distributed and 
 paid these princely amounts besides acquiring a surplus fund, viz : 
 
 Paid interest to its depositors the sum of $287,967.81 
 
 ' ; Paid in taxes the sum of 43,793.14 ! . 
 
 Paid dividends to stockholders the sum of 96,500.00 
 
 Grand total $428,260.95 
 
 At the annual stockholders' meeting, January 8, 1912, the following were 
 
 elected directors for the ensuing year: C. C. Craig, N. O. G. Johnson, Thos. W. 
 
 Peterson, S. R. Swanson, H- H. Clay, Wm. Coffman, Wm. Burnside and P. N. 
 
 Granville, and they elected the following officers and authorized the following 
 
 employees : 
 
 Charles C. Craig, president; N. O. G. Johnson, vice president; P. N. Gran- 
 
 ville, cashier and secretary ; Chas. E. Johnson, asst. cashier ; L. D. Johnson and 
 
 A. J. Peterson, tellers ; Leonard H. Streedain, bookkeeper; R. A. Christenson, asst. 
 
 bookkeeper; Miss Alma Palmquist, stenographer. 
 
 At this writing the bank building is nearing completion and with more room 
 
 and better facilities, the bank will have even greater opportunities to serve the 
 
 people and business interests of Galesburg and vicinity than in the past. .. > 
 
 : '^;-- ' . THE FARMERS & MECHANICS BANK ' . 4 :. 
 
 This bank was organized in 1869, and its charter was granted by a special 
 
HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY 475 
 
 act of the legislature which was permissible before the adoption of the Constitu- 
 tion of 1870. Its charter is perpetual. 
 
 The original incorporators were: Charles E. Grant, Marcus Belden, Andrew 
 S. Hoover, E. R. Adams, Timothy Nash, John B. Colton, Alfred KitcheU, A. C. 
 Clay, Chauncey S. Colton, H. S. Hurd, Chas. Brechwald. 
 
 The capital stock of the bank was for many years $100,000.00, but in 1891 the 
 capital of same was increased to $200,000.00. 
 
 The first board of directors were : C. S. Colton, C. E. Grant, Marcus Belden, 
 H. S. Hurd, J. B. Colton, O. T. Johnson, A. S. Hoover, W. H, Little, E. R. 
 Adams. 
 
 The presidents of this bank since its organization have been as follows, and 
 in the order named, to-wit: Chauncey S. Colton, Francis Colton, J. L. Burk- 
 halter, L. A. Townsend. 
 
 The cashiers of the bank since its organization have been as follows, and in 
 the order named, to-wit: W. M. Provine, W. H. Little, P. F. Brown, Ion Die- 
 terich, L. F. Wertman, L. A. Townsend, S. V. Stuckey. The present officers and 
 assistants are as follows : L. A. Townsend, president ; G. D. Crocker, vice presi- 
 dent; S. V. Stuckey, cashier; F. N. Gay, asst. cashier; Axel Gabrielson, asst. 
 cashier; F. O. Gustafson, bookkeeper; E. M. Velander, asst. bookkeeper; Minnie 
 Chelburg, stenographer. The present board of directors are as follows: L. A. 
 Townsend, G. D. Crocker, S. V. Stuckey, J. D. Welsh, F. S. Bartlett, J. R. 
 Young, F. A. Dean, J. W. Grubb, H. F. Drury. 
 
 The home of this bank up to 1903 was in the Union hotel block, but in the 
 spring of 1903 it purchased the old Second National Bank property on the comer 
 of Cherry and Main streets, and in the fall of that year it moved into this build- 
 ing, where it is now located. 
 
 It is one of the old "land marks" in the financial history of this county, and 
 has always been a factor and closely identified with the enterprise, growth and 
 improvements of this city and surrounding country. 
 
 PEOPLE'S TRUST & SAVINGS BANK, GALESBURG, ILI,. 
 
 The People's Trust & Savings Bank had its birth in the banking room occu- 
 pied by the old Second National Bank, at the northwest comer of Main and 
 Cherry streets, in the year 1900. This bank has grown from a small institution 
 doing an exclusive savings business, to one of the largest banks in this part of 
 the state, transacting business in all its branches and having a large trust de- 
 partment. 
 
 The history of the People's Tmst & Savings Bank would be incomplete with- 
 out going into the history of the Second National Bank, whose business they 
 eventually succeeded to, and who had occupied the same building for forty years. 
 Before the organization of the Second National Bank in 1864, the bank building 
 had been occupied and had been running as a private bank, known as Reed's 
 Bank, Mr. A. D. Reed being head of the institution. Mr. Reed had been promi- 
 nent in financial circles in Galesburg's early days, he having built the large home 
 now occupied by Mr. A. Dean on the northwest corner of Main and Maple ave. 
 Mr. Reed, after the organization of the Second National Bank, went to Chicago 
 and there organized the City National Bank of Chicago. 
 
 Prominent in the organization of the Second National Bank were the sturdy 
 
476 HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY 
 
 financiers and pioneers of Galesburg, among whom being J. P. Frost, organizer 
 of the Frost Manufacturing Company; Edwin Post, the leading lumber man; 
 Geo. W. Brown, the inventor of the Brown Corn Planter; Henry Hitchcock, 
 superintendent of the Burlington road; Martin Gay, Josiah Babcock, J. F. Stilson, 
 A. N. Bancroft, father of Edgar Bancroft, Alfred Knowles, Andrew Harrington, 
 
 A. C. Reed, Albert Watkins, Norman Anthony, J. V. N. Standish, Job Swift, 
 David Sanborn, W. H. Browning. 
 
 The Second National Bank had a prosperous career, doing business forty 
 years, never missing a dividend. This bank had much to do with the building 
 up of our industrial and educational institutions. At the expiration of its forty 
 years of existence, the charter having expired in the year 1903, it was thought 
 best by the directors to close the affairs of the Second National Bank, their stock 
 having been scattered throughout the United States, and there being very few 
 local stockholders to help carry on the business. The splendid prosperity of the 
 Second National Bank was due to its strict adherence to rules of conservative 
 banking and its fair dealing. 
 
 Among the splendid men who had been prominent in the management of the 
 Second National Bank, and to a great extent responsible for its prosperity, were 
 David Sanborn, a man of broad intellect and splendid financial ability; Mr. J. T. 
 McKnight, now well known as the most prominent figure in Galesburg's financial 
 world; Mr. Albert J. Perry, for fourteen years president of the bank, and Mr. 
 J. G. Vivion, for a number of years cashier and acting manager of the bank. 
 
 The People's Trust & Savings Bank had been doing business in the banking 
 room of the Second National Bank since the year 1900. Among those prominent 
 in the organization of the People's Trust & Savings Bank were the following 
 well-known citizens and representatives in the financial world : J. T. McKnight, 
 J. K. Mitchell, Hon. E. A. Bancroft, J. G. Vivion, S. B. and Andrew Harrington, 
 Judge P. S. Post, J. C. Simpson, Lake W. Sanborn, Judge G. W. Thompson, W. 
 
 B. Throop, G. K. Pittard, W. A. Armstrong. 
 
 The first board of directors of the People's Trust & Savings Bank were 
 Messrs. J. K. Mitchell, J. T. McKnight, P. S. Post, Frank H. Johnson, A. D. 
 Schultz, W. B. Throop, J. G. Vivion. 
 
 The founders of the bank felt that no institution could be organized that 
 would do more good for the people at large than a large savings institution, 
 their idea being to teach economy, saving and thrift, these being considered kin- 
 dred to the home, the school, and the church, for the good of the community and 
 the state; it being especially desired to seek the children's accounts, in fact, the 
 idea was to make this a people's bank, where all people, farmers, merchants, 
 professional men, the laborers, in fact all men, women and children could have a 
 banking home, and receive profits on their deposits whether large or small. 
 
 The first officers of the bank were as follows: J. K. Mitchell, president; 
 P. S. Post, vice president ; J. G. Vivion, cashier. 
 
 The affairs of the People's Trust & Savings Bank went on prosperously, 
 there being a steady increase in deposits. The bank did exclusively a savings 
 bank business until the year 1903, when as above stated, the charter of the Second 
 National Bank having expired, the People's Trust & Savings Bank took over their 
 loans, paying for the same in cash. Most of the depositors of the Second Na- 
 
HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY 477 
 
 tional Bank transferred their business to the People's Trust & Savings Bank. 
 The bank at this time opened a commercial department. 
 
 In 1903 there had been organized a new bank in Galesburg, known as the 
 Galesburg Trust & Savings Bank. A conference was held between the parties 
 representing the Galesburg Trust & Savings Bank and the officers and directors 
 of the People's Trust & Savings Bank, and a union of the two banks into one 
 large strong bank was decided upon. The capital at this time was increased from 
 $100,000.00 to $250,000.00, thus making it one of the strongest banks in central 
 Illinois. The new officers of the People's Trust & Savings Bank, after this com- 
 bination, were : Hon. M. O. Williamson, president ; J. G. Vivion, vice president, 
 and H. J. Butt, cashier. The directors were : M. O. Williamson, H. J. Butt, Geo. 
 W. Gale, S. L. Charles, H. D. Judson, J. C. Simpson, A. F. Paden, J. T. McKnight, 
 J. G. Vivion, J. K. Mitchell and W. S. Purington. 
 
 The bank has had continuous prosperity since the time of its organization, 
 their business growing and expanding and filling a larger and larger share in the 
 financial affairs of the city of Galesburg, until at the present time the bank has 
 the largest deposits of any bank in the city, or in this part of the state. 
 
 The bank has in connection with the banking business a trust department, 
 through which they are authorized by the state to act as executors, administrators, 
 guardians, conservators, or handle trusts. This department has grown very popu- 
 lar, some very large estates having been settled, and are now in course of settle- 
 ment through the bank ; this being acknowledged the most economical and safest 
 way of handling an estate. :V: 
 
 The officers of the bank at the present time are: M. O. Williamson, presi- 
 dent; J. T. McKnight, vice president; W. A. Armstrong, cashier; H. E. Hanlon, 
 assistant cashier. 
 
 The directors are : John H. Lewis, Jr., Geo. W. Thompson, Samuel L. Charles, 
 James O'Connor, G. W. Gale, C. F. Hurburgh, A. F. Paden, W. H. Pankey, J. J. 
 Welsh, M. O. Williamson and J. T. McKnight. ;:;.: 
 
 MAQUON STATE BANK , ; 
 
 The Maquon State Bank was the outgrowth of and successor to the bank of 
 Wm. Swigart. Mr. Swlgart began his private bank in i88i. His sterling business 
 qualities, backed by rich holdings of real estate, gained and held the confidence of 
 the community. This bank continued with ever-increasing prosperity until Sep- 
 tember, 1903, when it was reorganized and chartered as the Maquon State Bank 
 with a capital stock of $30,000. First officers were: Wm. Swigart, president; 
 H. F. Townsend, cashier. Mr. Swigart still continued to fill the office of presi- 
 dent and is, at the age of almost ninety years, active, energetic and faithful in the 
 discharge of the duties of the office. The other officers at the present time are: 
 D. S. Hartsook, vice president ; J. E. Shearer, cashier. 
 
 The present capital, surplus and undivided profits amount to $43,000, with de- 
 posits of $160,000. 
 
478 ; - HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY 
 
 ; : ; , THE FIRST NATIONAL BANK, MAQUON 
 
 7 Commenced business December 24, 1906; capital, $35,000. 
 
 Officers during the years 1907 and 1908 were : F. C. Bearmore, president ; John 
 Wolf, vice president; H. F. Townsend, cashier. 
 
 For 1909: F. C. Bearmore, president; John Wolf, vice president; H. F. Han- 
 Ion, cashier. 
 
 For 1910, 1911 and to this date: F. C. Bearmore, president; John Wolf, 
 vice president ; A. S. Potter, cashier. 
 
 Its present capital is $35,000; surplus, $8,000. The bank has the confidence of 
 the community and is doing a prosperous business. 
 
 . . YATES CITY. \^ 
 
 The history of the banking business of Yates City began in the fall of 1871 
 when J. M. Taylor and Isaac Lambert opened a bank in the rear room of the 
 brick building, which had been built during the summer of that year by J. H. 
 Nicholson, on the southeast corner of Main and Union streets. 
 
 The bank as organized at this time was known as the Farmers Bank, and J. 
 M. Taylor held the position of president; Isaac Lambert, vice president, and 
 John Lambert, cashier. It was a private institution, therefore did not publish any 
 statements of its business, hence we are unable to state what its capital stock was 
 or anything more concerning the details of the business. 
 
 Isaac Lambert did not continue long in the firm, but soon withdrew his in- 
 terest, leaving J. M. Taylor alone, who continued for some years and had at one 
 time associated with him James McKeighan, who assisted him for a while finan- 
 cially. About the year 1878 or 1879, Mr. Taylor, not finding the business as 
 profitable as he had anticipated, concluded to close up the. business. This he ac- 
 complished in a few months' time. Then he moved to Iowa where he again em- 
 barked in the same line. 
 
 At this time there seems to have been a lapse of about one year when there 
 was no bank in active business, but on August i, 1880, J. H. Nicholson, W. P. 
 Parker and L. F. Wertman bought the fixtures formerly used by J. M. Taylor 
 and Isaac Lambert, and opened a bank in the same room previously used for that 
 purpose, also under the same name. Farmers Bank, with J. H. Nicholson, presi- 
 dent; W. P. Parker, vice president, and L. F. Wertman, cashier. They had no 
 fixed capital stock at this time, btft paid yearly dividends from the earnings of 
 the business and added the balance to the stock. 
 
 The business was conducted along these lines for the next nine years when 
 in 1889, W. P. Parker and L. F. Wertman withdrew, as Mr. Parker did not desire 
 to continue longer in the business, and Mr. Wertman had made arrangements 
 to accept the position of cashier of the Farmers & Mechanics Bank of Galesburg, 
 Illinois. 
 
 The bank continued in its usual manner from this time and was conducted by 
 J. H. Nicholson & Company as proprietors, J. H. Nicholson being president; C. 
 D. North, vice president, and S. C. Ransom, cashier. Mr. Ransom remained 
 in this position until November, 1890, when he resigned to fill the office of super- 
 
HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY 479 
 
 intendent of schools of Knox county, his place being taken by J. Mason who had 
 been for many years a resident of the community and was therefore well known 
 to the customers of the bank, Mr. Mason continued in this capacity for only 
 about one year when he resigned to enter the banking business for himself in his 
 home town of Farmington, Illinois. 
 
 The position of cashier was taken up at this time by F. E. Wilson of Knoxville, 
 Illinois, who continued to fill the office for about twelve years or until 1903, when 
 he also resigned, having decided to open a bank in Knoxville, Illinois. During the 
 time Mr. Wilson served as cashier, the business increased to the extent that more 
 help was required, and E. J. H. North was installed as assistant cashier in which 
 position he remained until Augfust, 1906. 
 
 Upon the resignation of Mr. Wilson as cashfer, J. Mason, who had previously 
 served in this capacity during 1890 and 1891, was called upon again to take up 
 the work and he remained in that position from 1903 until August, 1906. 
 
 In 1893, J. H. Nicholson, the senior member of the firm of J. H. Nicholson 
 & Company, and president of the bank, died and the firm name was changed to 
 
 C. D. North & Co., although the bank continued to operate as the Farmers Bank. 
 During this same year, 1893, it became necessary, on account of the growing 
 
 business, to provide more commodious quarters and the front room of the same 
 building in which the business was being conducted, was remodeled along modem 
 lines; a new plate glass front being put in, with a comer entrance, a fireproof 
 brick vault being built, large enough to accommodate a burglar-proof safe and 
 storage room for valuable papers, also modern furniture and fixtures and all 
 other necessary accoutrements to enable the business to be handled more rapidly 
 and satisfactorily. Previous to this time, the money and valuable papers had been 
 kept in a large safe as they had no vault, and to prevent the possibility of their 
 being destroyed by fire, an open top cistern had been built directly under the 
 safe, in the basement, with the expectation that in case of fire, the safe would 
 fall into the cistern, thus preventing the destruction of its contents. 
 
 The business was continued in this room under the name. Farmers Bank, C, 
 
 D. North & Company, proprietors, as previously stated, until August, 1906, when 
 it united with the Peoples Bank, as will be described later. 
 
 During the summer of 1889, Walter Bailey, Henry Hare and Robert Fulton, 
 all men of considerable wealth, and residents of Salem and Elba townships, Knox 
 county, Illinois, decided to organize and operate a second bank in Yates City, and 
 accordingly on September 19, 1889, all necessary arrangements having been made, 
 they opened for business in the northeast corner of the brick building on the east 
 half of lot nine in block twenty-two, which building also joined, on the east, the 
 one already occupied by the Farmers Bank. 
 
 The paid-up capital stock of this institution, which was to be known as the 
 Peoples Bank, was $9,900, and Walter Bailey was its first president and Robert 
 Fulton its first cashier. The business was conducted by these three men until 
 Mr. Hare's death in January, 1892, his interest being assumed by his widow who 
 continued as a partner until February, 1893, when she sold her interest to L. A. 
 Lawrence who was then in the lumber and farm implement business in Yates 
 City. ::v:'': ; 
 
 Mr. Fulton's health also failed at this time and he died in February, 1893, 
 
480 : ; HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY 
 
 and his widow continued in the business until September, 1895, when she sold 
 her share to the other partners, Walter Bailey and L. A. Lawrence. 
 
 The next change to occur in this business was in December, 1895, when Mr. 
 Bailey, the senior member of the firm and president of the bank, passed away on 
 the I4th day of the month and his widow assumed his interest which necessitated 
 the change in the title of the firm from Walter Bailey & Company to Harriet L. 
 Bailey & Company. 
 
 Mrs. Bailey was connected with the business until December, 1899, when 
 she concluded to withdraw and sold her interest to L. A. Lawrence, thus giving 
 him full control of the business and her name was at this time dropped from the 
 title of the firm which was from that time until August i, 1906, known as the 
 Peoples Bank, L. A. Lawrence, proprietor. 
 
 During the spring of 1906, arrangements were made between the proprietors 
 of the Farmers Bank and Peoples Bank, previously described, to unite and ac- 
 cordingly, on August I, 1906, this plan was consummated and the business of 
 the two institutions was consolidated into the bank with a capital stock of 
 $20,000, under the name of Bank of Yates City, North, Nicholson & Lawrence, 
 proprietors, in the room previously occupied by the Farmers Bank. 
 
 Since this union would necessitate more and better facilities for conducting 
 and handling the business, the rear room in the building, which had served as 
 an office for the original bank in the year 1871, was now again brought into use, 
 and a fireproof vault was constructed in this room, and a nest of deposit boxes 
 was installed to provide storage room for those having papers they might wish to 
 keep in a safe and private place. This room was suitably fitted up with a large 
 table, couch and other necessary furniture and serves as a private consultation 
 room for the bank and its patrons. 
 
 The first official board of the Bank of Yates City consisted of L. A. Lawrence, 
 manager; J. Mason, cashier, and A. J. Lawrence, second cashier. 
 
 Under the able and efficient management of L. A. Lawrence, the business 
 continued to grow and spread out until it covered not only the community 
 surrounding Yates City, but reached out into more remote territory. In the 
 summer of 1911, Mr. Lawrence's health failing, he was compelled to retire from 
 the active management of the business and it was given over to his son, A. J. 
 Lawrence, whose place as assistant cashier was now taken up by H. E. North. 
 
 From a small business as it was first begun in the year 1871, it has grown until 
 its total liabilities and resources amount to $230,000 at the present writing, Febru- 
 ary, 1912. The Bank of Yates City is fully equipped to transact all business that 
 comes ir. its line and also has facilities for making out all legal documents. It has 
 always believed it was good business to keep abreast of the times in providing 
 the latest improved machines for mechanical writing and calculation and has in 
 daily use the latest styles of adding machine, typewriter, check protector and other 
 such necessary articles for the swift and correct handling of the large business 
 that comes to it daily. 
 
 ' Since writing the above, L. A. Lawrence has sold his one-half interest to 
 . A. J. Lawrence and Hugh A. Sloan. 
 
PEOl'LE'S TRUST AND SAVINGS BANK 
 
 Located on corner of Main and Prairie Streets. Established in 1900. Capital stock, $250,000. Un- 
 divided profits, $60.000. . . . . . , ,. , . ^^ ,-.'. ..-.-... ., ... .- . . i.., . . 
 
 .'.- - ' V '''. '" '- *' ' '' ''' 
 
480 HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY 
 
 and his widow continued in the business until September, 1895, when she sold 
 her share to the other partners, Walter Bailey and L. A. Lawrence, . L : 
 
 The next change to occur in this business was in December, 1895, when Mr. 
 Bailey, the senior member of the firm and president of the bank, passed away on 
 the I4th day of the month and his widow assumed his interest which necessitated 
 the change in the title of the firm from Walter Bailey & Company to Harriet L. 
 Bailey & Company. . '.I, 
 
 Mrs. Bailey was connected with the business until December, 1899, when 
 she concluded to withdraw and sold her interest to L. A. Lawrence, thus giving 
 him full control of the business and her name was at this time dropped from the 
 title of the firm which was from that time until August i, 1906, known as the 
 Peoples Bank, L. A. Lawrence, proprietor. | 
 
 During the spring of 1906, arrangements were made between the proprietors 
 of the Farmers Bank and Peoples Bank, previously described, to unite and ac- 
 cordingly, on August I, 1906, this plan was consummated and the business of 
 the two institutions was consolidated into the bank with a capital stock of 
 $20,000, under the name of Bank of Yates City, North, Nicholson & Lawrence, 
 proprietors, in the room previously occupied by the Farmers Bank. 
 
 Since this union would necessitate more and better facilities for conducting 
 and handling the business, the rear room in the building, which had served as 
 an office for the original bank in the year 1871, was now again brought into use, 
 and a fireproof vault was constructed in this room, and a nest of deposit boxes 
 was installed to provide storage room for those having papers they might wish to 
 keep in a safe and private place. This room was suitably fitted up with a large 
 table, couch and other necessary furniture and serves as a private consultation 
 room for the bank and its patrons. ; ... . . 
 
 The first official board of the Bank of Yates City consisted of L. A. Lawrence, 
 manager; J. Mason, cashier, and A. J. Lawrence, second cashier. 
 
 Under the able and efficient management of L. A. Lawrence, the business 
 continued to grow and spread out until it covered not only the community 
 surrounding Yates City, but reached out into more remote territory. In the 
 summer of 1911, Mr. Lawrence's health failing, he was compelled to retire from 
 the active management of the business and it was given over to his son, A. J. 
 Lawrence, whose place as assistant cashier was now taken up by H. E. North. 
 
 From a small business as it was first begun in the year 1871, it has grown until 
 its total liabilities and resources amoimt to $230,000 at the present writing, Febru- 
 ary, 1912. The Bank of Yates City is fully equipped to transact all business that 
 comes ir. its line and also has facilities for making out all legal documents. It has 
 always believed it was good business to keep abreast of the times in providing 
 the latest improved machines for mechanical writing and calculation and has in 
 daily use the latest styles of adding machine, typewriter, check protector and other 
 such necessary articles for the swift and correct handling of the large business 
 that comes to it daily. 
 
 Since writing the above, L. A. Lawrence has sold his one-half interest to 
 A. J. Lawrence and Hugh A. Sloan. , -. 
 
I'KOIM.K'S TKL'ST AM) S.\\ IXiJS HANK 
 
 Located on conicr tif .Main and I'rairie Streets. Kstalilished in liXMl. l'ai>ital stock. $J5(l.OOO. Un- 
 divided iirolits. $(in.(l<)(). . , . . . . . 
 
HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY 481 
 
 '''''''"'''' ONEIDA ->-.'':''':/;' 
 
 '' - ' f. . ' i ' 
 
 The Oneida Exchange Bank (private bank), one of the pioneer banks, was 
 first established in 1858, was conducted by W. L. Hubbard for about nine years, 
 then by J. B. Congers for several years, succeeded by J, N. Congers for several 
 years. In 1877, a partnership was formed by A. B. Anderson and Frank Murdoch 
 which was continued until Mr. Murdoch's death in February, 1908. Since then 
 the business has been continued by A. B. Anderson and son (J. H. Anderson). 
 It run without a stated capital. The proprietors are thoroughly respected in the 
 community and nobody questions their solvency or honesty. 
 
 '.. ' .-.!/ 
 
 ;-::;.:,-.:.,;;.:;..'..,:'.;.- /"^^^ THE ONEIDA STATE BANK .'v-'\;V;M 
 
 This bank was organized in 1891 and commenced business September 17, 
 1891, in its new brick bank building erected in 1891 on the west side of Railroad 
 street, with a Capital stock of $25,000. -"";; ; 
 
 . The original stockholders were: E. Marsh, L. R. Tayler, H. W. Crane, John 
 F. Wicoff, Geo. K. Pittard, Gust E. Fredericks, J. W. Allen, W. L. Allen, Geo. 
 W. Brainard, Mrs. Geo. W. Brairiard, Frederick Becker, W. O. Dayton, Chas. S. 
 Clark, Wm. D. Cook, Miss Jennie Cook, W. V. McKie, E. R. Shaw, Metcalf 
 Bros., Jas. E. Tayler, J. N. Congers, A. F. McCornack, H. ^M. Mitchell. 
 
 Its first officers were: A. D. Metcalf, president, who served until his death 
 in January, 1912; A. F. McCornack, vice president until 1898; James E. Tayler 
 elected cashier and served to January, 1895; W. D. Patty succeeded Mr. Tayler 
 and is cashier at this present date. Miss Anna Anderson has been assistant cashier 
 since 1895, and has been connected with the bank since 1891. 
 
 Gebrge K. Pittard was elected vice president in 1898 and served to January, 
 1912. On February 6, 1912, George K. Pittard was elected president, and H. W. 
 Crane, vice president. Its capital stock at this date is $25,000; surplus, $25,000. 
 
 Its present directors are: Geo. W. Brainard, H. W. Crane, John R. Mitchell, 
 Gust E. Fredericks, W. D. Cook, W. V. McKie, S. P. Mitchell, Ernest Shaw, Geo. 
 K. Pittard. 
 
 The bank was burglarized March 30, 1897, fully insured. The bank building 
 was destroyed by fire July i, 1900, and a new building erected. 
 
 .:; v:;;Vi ' /-/ .^ ; ,;. THE PEOPLES BANK OF ABINGDON . ' ' i,^ ;/' '" ' f. 
 
 ' The Peoples Bank of Abingdon opened December i, 1878, with a capital stock 
 of $30,000. The chief promoters in the organization of this institution were 
 M. C. Bates and J. B. Mackay, who were elected president and cashier, respective- 
 ly. From the first, this bank had a bright outlook and drew the patronage of 
 the surrounding territory so much that three years later, the capital was increased 
 to $50,000. But notwithstanding its bright future, there remained one great 
 hindrance, namely, that it was organized as a co-partnership institution rather 
 than a state or national. Hence the excessive loans, not only to the stockholders, 
 but directors as well, became appalling till it was thought best to organize as a 
 national bank where excessive loans are not permissable and publicity of condition 
 
 Vol. 13 1 . 
 
482 . : HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY 
 
 is demanded. Through the efforts of W. A. Latimer, five of the substantial men 
 of the town advanced ten thousand dollars each and a charter was granted them 
 August 5, 1885, as the 
 
 FIRST NATIONAL BANK OF ABINGDON ,'.:: 
 
 These original stockholders were M. C. Bates, Thos. Newell, M. C. Kimball, 
 J. Harts Miller and J, B. Mackay; the last being elected president and W. A. 
 Latimer, cashier, at the first meeting of the board of directors in January, 1886. 
 At the end of one year, Mr. Mackay retired from the presidency and M. C. Kim- 
 ball was elected to the position, remaining till January, 1893, when Thos. Newell 
 succeeded him. Upon the death of Mr. Newell some years later, W. B. Main 
 became president. 
 
 Upon the resignation of W. A. Latimer in 1888, the cashiership was tendered 
 H. B. Scheitlin, and on his resignation in January, 1893, Orion Latimer was 
 elected to that position since which time he has been exceedingly zealous in the 
 management of the affairs connected with the institution. From the very first, 
 he gained the confidence of the people and through his guidance and by the se- 
 lection of his office force, this bank has made remarkable progress for the last 
 quarter of a century. Upon the resignation of Mr. Main in January, 1907, Mr, 
 Orion Latimer was elected president, which position he now holds. At this time, 
 G. A. Shipplett was elected cashier and H, L. Haynes, assistant cashier. 
 
 The First National Bank has always been noted for its courteous treatment 
 to its patrons, by doing small favors which are of vital interest to them and giving 
 them free exchange with all the world. 
 
 During the history of this institution, Abingdon has passed through the stages 
 of a small village, country town, and has grown to the dignity of a small city with 
 magnificent residences, an excellent school system, including a high class de- 
 nominational college and a large number of thriving factories. In all these, the 
 First National Bank takes the lead and keeps closely in touch with all things 
 which are for the betterment of Abingdon and vicinity. To keep abreast with the 
 times, to care for its clients' business requirements and to provide absolute safety 
 for its depositors has been its chief concern. To follow out these ideas, the 
 capital was increased to $75,000, and a surplus of $80,000 set aside in January, 
 
 1904. 
 
 The First National Bank is conducted on the lines of conservatism, coupled 
 with accommodation, generous treatment with careful investments, ample facilities 
 and absolute security for every one of its customers. 
 
 Its present officers are : Orion Latimer, president ; J. A. Reynolds, vice presi- 
 dent; George A. Shipplett, cashier; H. L. Haynes, assistant cashier. 
 
 Its present directors are: H. L. Haynes, B. P. Baird, J. F. Latimer, H. R, 
 Crouch, J. A. Reynolds, G, A. Shipplett, Carl S. Burnside, C. D. Byram, T. E, 
 Burnside, W, B. Dunlap, Orion Latimer. ;.; , 
 
 Perhaps the best illustration of the conservatism, prosperity and general 
 growth of the institution can be given by a comparison of the first and last pub- 
 lished statements, as a national bank. 
 ; At the close of business, October i, 1885, '; -" '/.^'v--;:' 
 
X ;vC : HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY ' rN/::^H 483 
 
 --V. ;:.^ :/' -; Resources -v 
 
 Loans $ 73,642.35 : .: 
 
 United States bonds for circulation 13,984.37 
 
 Cash and sight exchange 16,292.15 
 
 Real Estate , 4.554-91 , 
 
 >-;','>;v ;:;;.,;, :;'-j;'^pr-::-^. ':^^f':-^j^:^-\ $108,373.78 
 
 .,:/''-,;.-. ,':'-'.' v..;V.^'';'^^ Liabilities A/'V-^;;-;. ;^ :; ; 
 
 Capital stock fully paid $ 50,000.00 
 
 Surplus and undivided profits 113.46 
 
 Circulation 1 1,240.00 
 
 Deposits 47,020.32 
 
 ;' V,-.: - ^v--. .;.;.. :*;::v':. :.,;.^' -.;; -.vj,v;::;;\-.f;^^-j-i-.-j $108,373.78 
 
 At the close of business, February 20, 1912. -.V.'' ..: '''.:*': 
 
 ' '.'.';' ''-.-..:'. /""-{::.' Resources "'?'.:_ .vj' ' .,..._.. 
 
 ,;:;:> ^ , '; .'.?::.''''.':' ^ '-"{:- ' 
 
 Loans '. .' .V $635,790.19 
 
 Municipal bonds 20,000.00 
 
 United States bonds for circulation 75,000.00 
 
 Cash and sight exchange 77,031.67 
 
 Redemption fund with U. S. treasurer 1,950.00 
 
 Real estate 2,000.00 
 
 ': '-X. :://''--,-::/;;' ';'i-;'J '--f-- .v^'"'^---- '''^' ''-'^>=-''^vj!y.;: $811,771.86 
 
 '' ' ' ' -'"''''- Liabilities ;-v=7-/ '.'''"''' 
 
 Capital stock fully paid .'.... . . $ 75,000.00 
 
 Surplus and undivided profits 1 17,542.20 
 
 Circulation . . . .' 75,000.00 
 
 Deposits 541,829.66 
 
 Reserved for taxes 2,400.00 
 
 ;;,;: -';:;::;;;-. ;, ;-\.^^>-J^-;.-:;;fe:^ ''''' -^ -;v.-f^.>/';::-: .^.:- $811,771.86 ::;;.J<^ 
 
 :-";;:'.-;: . FIRST STATE ft SAVINGS BANK, ABINGDON . ' i ; . - .A;':^:!; 
 
 This bank was organized and began business on April 15, 1902, with a paid-up 
 capital at that time of $30,000. , - 
 
 On September i, 1902, the capital was increased to $6o,OOO. 
 
 The officers of the bank elected at the time of organization were : John Mosser, 
 president; J, W. Hunter, vice president; G. K. Slough, cashier; F. W. Reynolds, 
 assistant cashier, became identified with the bank September i, 1903, and since 
 its organization there has been no change of any kind in the officers of the in- 
 stitution. , .V V. - -... 
 
484 HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY , 
 
 The board of directors are : John Mosser, J, W. Hunter, Jas. W. Cox, A. B. 
 Spies, C. W. Robertson, J. H. Simmons, Robert Byram, J. T, Main, Samuel T. 
 Mosser. ; 
 
 The bank succeeded the private bank of John Mosser & Co. and has been very 
 successful up to this time. 
 
 The bank pays regular annual dividends of 6% on its capital stock, and now 
 has a surplus and undivided profit of $40,000. Its deposits run fr.om $200,000 to 
 $250,000. ]. ""X 
 
 During the summer of 1905, the bank erected the building it now occupies 
 and owns. It is considered by many to be one of the finest and best equipped 
 bank buildings in this part of Illinois. 
 
 Its officers and members of its board have been largely identified with all the 
 progressive movements for the betterment of Abingdon and are all men of high 
 standing and have the entire confidence of the city and community. The bank 
 has recently been appointed U. S. Depository for Postal Savings. 
 
 . :>;' . , ' BANK OF ALTONA ': ':; ; ; ., /:-. ':..:';;', 
 
 Judge A. M. Craig, then Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of the State of 
 Illinois, believing that there was a good opening for a bank in the village of 
 Altona, acted upon his belief and established the banking house of A. M. Craig 
 & Co. on June i6, 1890, his son, George H. Craig, acting as cashier and John 
 McKie, assistant cashier. 
 
 Being anxious to enlarge their scope of business and believing that they 
 would be better able to serve the needs of their patrons by placing same on a more 
 enduring basis by forming a corporation to take over the private banking business 
 of A. M. Craig & Co., it was decided to organize a state bank. A meeting was 
 held during September, 1891, and an application for permission to organize a 
 state bank was made to the auditor of public accounts which was signed by John 
 McKie, George H. Craig, J. C. Collinson and William Main. 
 
 The permit was granted September 15, 1891. The law permitting the organiza- 
 tion of state banks being of recent enactment and the Bank of Altona being a 
 new venture, many hesitated to invest in bank stock in the proposed new bank, 
 but by the 26th of September all stock was subscribed for and the bank received 
 its charter, taking over the banking house and business of A. M. Craig & Co., 
 and began business as a state bank under the name of the Bank of Altona, October 
 3, 1891, with a paid-up capital of $30,000, it being one of the first state banks 
 organized. 
 
 As the first board of directors of the Bank of Altona, the stockholders elected 
 the following: A. M. Craig, J. M. McKie, C. S. Clark, William Main, J. P. Wal- 
 gren, J. C. Collinson, Geo. E. Challman, who, with the exception of A. M. Craig, 
 now deceased, are still serving on the board of directors. At their first meeting, 
 the directors elected the following officers: President, A. M. Craig; vice presi- 
 dent, C. S. Clark ; cashier, Geo. H. Craig ; assistant cashier, J. M. McKie. 
 
 According to the principles of sound banking, it was the aim of the officers 
 of the bank to aid its patrons financially in every way possible. Owing to the fact 
 
fi ; v:;y Xf; .V V : HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY ^^ 485 
 
 -i^ that under the state law they were allowed to loan only ten per cent of their 
 capital to one person, the bank was handicapped to a certain extent in handling 
 real estate mortgages from lack of sufficient capital, and at an adjourned meet- 
 ing of the stockholders called for the purpose of increasing the bank's capital, on 
 V July 25, 1896, it was decided that the capital stock be increased from $30,000 to 
 . ; $50,000. The new stock was readily disposed of and with ample capital, the 
 : bank has ever since been in a position to care for the financial needs of the com- 
 ' munity. 
 
 On the first day of December, 1903, a savings department was established 
 
 in connection with the bank. The rate of interest on savings deposits fixed by the 
 
 :, directors at that time was three per cent, which rate has been maintained ever 
 
 f since. This department has been well patronized until it now contains practically 
 
 /all savings of the community. . : 
 
 " ; . -- There have been but few changes of officers and directors since its organiza- 
 
 i^- tion. On the 6th day of February, 1896, the bank was called upon to mourn the 
 
 ; loss of its cashier, Geo. H. Craig, who was stricken with typhoid fever and died 
 
 - at his home in Galesburg. As his successor, J. M. McKie was elected as cashier, 
 
 . February 28, 1896, and O. E. Peterson was elected as assistant cashier, which 
 
 : position he held until January, 1903, when, on account of his connection with the 
 
 :^ Bank of Galesburg as teller, he resigned and G. N. Larson was elected to fill the 
 
 -,',' position of assistant cashier. For the second time in its history, the "silent reaper" 
 
 : entered into the ranks of officers and directors when, on the 6th day of September, 
 
 '-' 1911, its president, Hon. Alfred M. Craig, after a brief illness, answered the 
 
 "Roll Call." He was succeeded as president of the bank by J. M. McKie who had 
 
 been with the bank as assistant cashier and cashier ever since its organization, 
 
 ' June i6, 1890, and on the board of directors, by his son, C. C. Craig. 
 
 The present board of directors are: J. M. McKie, C. C. Craig, C. S. Clark, 
 ' William Main, J. P. Walgren, J. C. Collinson, Geo. E. Challman, and its present 
 \ officers are: President, J. M. McKie; vice president, C. S. Clark; cashier, G. N. 
 Larson. 
 
 The bank's present capital is $50,000, with a surplus of $81,000. .;--;.! 
 
 , -,.>.. . . . ; ' r . . - - . . - ' .' ,-^-]-'.. f ' 
 
 .:',,;,''....";'::.'':'''"" STATE BANK OF VICTORIA -: .-__':" . >^'-~.;-i-.-:''.\''^'-v'/ 
 
 The State Bank of Victoria was organized on April 6, 1903, with a capital of 
 $35,000. The business of the Bank of Victoria, a private bank owned by O. P. 
 Stoddard, Dyer Ford, B. S. Peck and Geo. D. Palmer of Galva, Illinois, having 
 been purchased, the new organization commenced business on the 29th day of 
 April, 1903, in the building formerly occupied by their predecessors. This, how- 
 ever, was to be only their temporary location as work on a new two-story brick 
 bank building on the corner of Main and Union streets was soon started and the 
 building was completed and occupied by the first .of October of the same year. 
 
 The bank was organized with the following officers and directors : President, 
 J. M. McKie ; vice president, Frederick Becker ; cashier, O. E. Peterson. Direct- 
 ors : J. M. McKie, Frederick Becker, C. S. Clark, J. A. Larson, G. L. Hedstrom, 
 P. A. McDowell, A. A. Hedstrom, O. E. Peterson, A. M. Craig. 
 
 On January 3, 1910, C. V. Nelson was added to the official staff as assistant 
 
-486 HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY :-:^ i^ 
 
 cashier, and on July 3, 1911, a change in the officers was made necessary owing 
 to the previous resignation of the cashier, O, E. Peterson. C. V. Nelson was 
 
 , then elected cashier and Harrie S. Whiting, assistant cashier. The vacancy in 
 
 ; the board of directors caused by the resignation of O. E. Peterson was filled by the 
 
 election of William Nelson as director on January 2, 1911. Another vacancy 
 
 caused by the death of A. M. Craig was filled by the election of C. C. Craig as 
 
 director on January 8, 1912. .' 
 
 With the above exceptions, the officers and directors of the bank remain the 
 same as those originally elected at its organization. 
 
 / For the past six years, the bank has paid dividends of six per cent each year 
 to its stockholders and has up to the present time, accumulated a surplus of 
 $17,000. The steady growth of the institution into its present sound condition 
 
 ^ and its conservative business methods enable it to offer to the public excellent 
 banking facilities, together with absolute security to its patrons, which are 
 
 :L acknowledged and appreciated by a large majority of the people of Victoria and 
 
 ., vicinity. .' '':' '^v.' v' '"'''''';.;-/ :.,'.i- 
 
 FIRST STATE BANK COMPANY, WILLIAMSFIELD \y:' :';.; 
 
 On January 22, 1890, L. J. Baird and David Cation opened a private bank in 
 
 ; Williamsfield, Knox county, Illinois, under the title of Bank of Williamsfield, 
 
 with L. J. Baird, president and David Cation, cashier. The business grew till it 
 
 became necessary to employ more help, and Miss Emma Parker was appointed 
 
 > assistant cashier, and in 1900 she resigned and was succeeded by J. Mason, who 
 
 in 1902 resigned. He was succeeded by J. A. Elliott. ' t > 
 
 -... . In 1905, the same partners opened a bank at Laura, Illinois, and Mr. Elliott 
 . was transferred to the cashiership of it, and Earl T. Main became assistant 
 
 cashier for Bank of Williamsfield. 
 
 ;. In 1908 the bank was reorganized with a capital stock of $30,000, with L. J. 
 
 ' - Baird as president and David Cation, vice president, and Earl T. Main, cashier. 
 
 ,' In the fall of 1908, Mr. Baird concluded to go to Ames, Iowa, and so resigned 
 
 the presidency and was succeeded to this office by David Cation, and J. D. Doubet 
 
 was elected vice president. In March, Mr. Main was unfortunately killed in 
 
 '; a railroad accident near Marshalltown, Iowa, and Mrs. Emma Parker Cation 
 
 . was temporarily appointed to the position of cashier which she held till the an- 
 
 ' nual meeting when G. W. Wallick was appointed. About a year after this, 
 
 , Mr. Wallick resigned and Mr. A. L. Harris was appointed to take the place. 
 
 The bank has steadily grown and has always enjoyed a fair share of busi- 
 ness and at the same time has always endeavored to supply all worthy undertak- 
 ings with money. I .'\ ' . 
 The present board of directors are J. D. Doubet, Jay Welsh, P. A. Sunwall, 
 O. J. Oberholtzer, Robt. E. Farwell, A. L. Harris and David Cation. 
 
 ,:;.'."' V^ ;''.'.. "' WATAGA STATE BANK ''':' ^'.^'.y .''':.-:.' 
 
 { Organized May i, 1910. Capital stock paid in, $25,000. Chartered August 
 30, 1910. Commenced business, September 5, 1910. The following board of 
 
 
^\';v<;.;;/-i ',;;;; HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY ; .'"' 487 
 
 directors has served since the commencement of business, September 5, 1910: 
 M. O. Williamson, W. E. Culver, J. E. Williamson, Geo. Behringer, O. S. Olson, 
 J. N. WikoflF, E. P. Williamson. First officers: M. O. Williamson, president; 
 J. E. Williamson, vice president ; Sig. B. Nelson, cashier. Present officers : J. E. 
 Williamson, president; Geo. Behringer, vice president; Sig. B. Nelson, cashier. 
 The bank has enjoyed a liberal patronage. Paid a five per cent dividend to 
 stockholders in 1911. Present resources over $90,000. . . ,;, 
 
 ; ^.V/: THE PRESS OF KNOX COUNTY VvVS; -^^"li 
 
 ;: V .;;-. By HENRY EMRICH / / 
 
 ; ': . ' '. The newspaper era of Knox county began in 1849, when the "Knox Intelli- 
 
 .: gence" was started in Galesburg by Rev. C. R. Fisk, the paper being non-partisan 
 
 .Vr in politics. From that date to the present the editor's chair of many of the 
 
 ' ' papers that have come and gone has been filled by men of ability and character, 
 
 : ^ men who advocated what they believed to be right, and did so from conscientious 
 
 and not mercenary motives. Among these men, as the writer knew them, were 
 
 ; ,>. ' J. H. Sherman, C. J. Sellon, Charles Faxon, Thomas Harrison, John S. Winter, 
 
 > ; \ W. S. Bush, Gen. M. S. Barnes, Steve R. Smith, E. A. Snively, Gershom Martin, 
 
 .^ ; Zaccheus Beatty, Judson Graves, Joe Prior, Clark E. Carr, only three of these, 
 
 '" Snively, Carr and Graves being alive at this writing, : r . 
 
 The politics of the county during the years from 1854 down to the election 
 
 of Abraham Lincoln were often bitter in character, caused by the pro and anti- 
 
 ,, slavery policies of the two leading political parties of that time. But to the 
 
 ,.",. credit of Galesburg and Knox county, it can be said that at, no time was there 
 
 ,;) - a pro-slavery paper in either. The only paper that survived for any length of 
 
 '; time was the Free Democrat, started in 1854, its first editor being Southwick 
 
 ' ' Davis, followed by W. H. Holcomb and B. F. Haskins. In 1855 C. J. Sellon 
 
 became the editor, W. J. Woods being the owner of the office for the two years 
 
 . ; ; previous. About this time S. W. Brown, R. H. Whiting and D. H. Frisbie became 
 
 / ' . owners of the plant, and S. D. McDonald managed the paper. In 1856 W. J. Woods 
 
 . : again became the owner and C. J. Sellon again became the political manager. Late 
 
 ; ; in 1856 Woods sold the office to J. H. Sherman, who in 1858 leased the office to 
 
 ''.., Charles Faxon, who conducted the paper until about 1862 or 1863, when Sherman 
 
 ,:: v,.. again resumed control of the office with Thomas Harrison as editor and David 
 
 f Myers as mechanical manager. In 1865 the plant was sold to J. H. Bailey, of the 
 
 -. ;; Princeton Republican, and his brother-in-law, J. S. McClelland, the latter coming to 
 
 ;..;./ Galesburg from Ohio. Later on Mr. Bailey sold his interest to W. S. Bush, but 
 
 : ^ . ; Messrs. McClelland and Bush could not agree in the management of the office and 
 
 >. Mr. Bush retired and assumed editorial control of the Register (now a part of the 
 
 , ;v:- Republican Register). The name of the paper was then changed to the "Free 
 
 V ; Press." In 1872 Gen. M. S. Barnes bought the plant and changed it into a 
 
 -. democratic paper, the basis of this change in politics of the first and oldest anti- 
 
 >v . slavery, free soil and republican paper, being laid by Mr. McClelland supporting 
 
 '... Horace Greeley for president as against General Grant in 1872. Upon the death 
 
488 HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY 
 
 of Gen. Barnes, his son, Bennett, took charge of the plant, changed the name of 
 the pajjer to the Knox County Chronicle, and in 1886 sold the office to Gershom 
 Martin, the latter having unique and original ideas of his own as to the conduct 
 of an independent democratic paper, and upon his death the office that had Jbeen 
 in continuous operation for more than forty years, and during that time passing 
 through the hands of many other editors and from a "black" republican to an 
 ultra democratic paper, went into "history," the material being sold in quantities 
 to suit the purchaser. : v^ 
 
 THE REGISTER 1866. This paper was started by Steve R. Smith, Wm. J. 
 Mourer and H. D. Babcock. About 1868 W. S. Bush, late of the Free Press, took 
 editorial charge of the paper, and a daily paper was issued. In 1872 E. F. Phelps 
 bought the plant and soon after the Register and the Republican were merged 
 into the Republican-Register, with Z. Beatty as editor, who conducted it in an 
 able manner up to the time of his death. 
 
 THE REPUBLICAN was started in 1870 by Joe M. Prior and Henry Emrich, 
 who in the fall of the same year transferred the same to Clark E. Carr, who in 
 1873 or 1874 merged it with the Register into the Republican-Register, whose 
 history will be found elsewhere in this volume. 
 
 The history of the press of Galesburg would not be complete without men- 
 tioning W. S. Grubb, who came to Galesburg from Atlanta, Georgia, in 1878, and 
 organized the Galesburg Publishing Company, and merged the two papers, the 
 Republican and the Register into the Daily Republican-Register. As a business 
 manager !Mr. Grubb had few equals and no superiors, and under his wise man- 
 agement the financial affairs of the new enterprise flourished and the stock of 
 the new company became dividend paying and valuable. He continued at his 
 post of duty until his death. 
 
 THE PLAINDEALER. Judson Graves in 1872 removed the Republican news- 
 paper plant from Kirkwood to Galesburg, and in 1875 changed the name Re- 
 public to the Plaindealer, as expressing more clearly the JKtlitical character 
 and editorial columns of the paper, it being independent republican in national 
 and state politics, and liberal in religious and local matters. In 1879 Messrs. 
 Henry Emrich and Iram B. Biggs purchased the office and with Mr. Emrich as 
 editor conducted the paper until October, 1906, when they stopped its publication. 
 During these twenty-seven years the Plaindealer advocated the principles and 
 supported the candidates of the republican party, but at the same time reserving 
 to itself and exercising the right to criticise the policies of that party when it 
 thought they were not conserving the best interests of the people as a whole. In 
 city affairs the Plaindealer always contended for good government and as 
 a local organ of the liberal party had much to do with shaping the policy of that 
 party for good city government and the carrying out of many needed local im- 
 provements. , : -: \.:':; ; .. ,\ . 
 
 The list of the various publications in Galesburg during the past sixty years 
 is a long one and only a short mention of them is possible here. 
 
 KNOX INTELLIGENCE 1849-1850; Southwick Davis; non-partisan; religious 
 in tendency, favoring the Presbyterian church. 
 
 NORTHWESTERN GAZETEER 1850-1851 ; Southwick Davis, neutral in politics. 
 "._ NEWS LETTER Geo. W. Gale, Dr. Bunce and Geo. Lanphere did good work 
 
THE GALESBURG CLUB 
 Club organized in 1665. Building erected in 191ii. Value, including furnishing!;, $7u,OUO. 
 
 THE ELKS CLUB HOUSE 
 
488 HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY 
 
 of Gen. Barnes, his son, Bennett, took charge of the plant, changed the name of 
 the paper to the Knox County Chronicle, and in 1886 sold the office to Gershom 
 Martin, the latter having unique and original ideas of his own as to the conduct 
 of an independent democratic paper, and upon his death the office that had been 
 in continuous operation for more than forty years, and during that time passing 
 through the hands of many other editors and from a "black" republican to an 
 ultra democratic paper, went into "history," the material being sold in quantities 
 to suit the purchaser. . . -- ' I 
 
 THE REGISTER 1866. This paper was started by Steve R. Smith, Wm. J. 
 Mourer and H. D. Babcock. About 1868 W. S. Bush, late of the Free Press, took 
 editorial charge of the paper, and a daily paper was issued. In 1872 E. F. Phelps 
 bought the plant and soon after the Register and the Republican were merged 
 into the Republican-Register, with Z. Beatty as editor, who conducted it in an 
 able manner up to the time of his death. 
 
 THE REPUBLICAN was started in 1870 by Joe M. Prior and Henry Emrich, 
 who in the fall of the same year transferred the same to Clark E. Carr, who in 
 1873 or 1874 merged it with the Register into the Republican-Register, whose 
 history will be found elsewhere in this volume. 
 
 The history of the press of Galesburg would not be complete without men- 
 tioning W. S. Grubb, who came to Galesburg from Atlanta, Georgia, in 1878, and 
 organized the Galesburg Publishing Company, and merged the two papers, the 
 Republican and the Register into the Daily Republican-Register. As a business 
 manager Mr. Grubb had few ecjuals and no superiors, and under his wise man- 
 agement the financial affairs of the new enterprise flourished and the stock of 
 the new company became dividend paying and valuable. He continued at his 
 post of duty until his death. - . [ 
 
 THE PLAINDEALER. Judson Graves in 1872 removed the Republican news- 
 paper plant from Kirkwood to Galesburg, and in 1875 changed the name Re- 
 public to the Plaindealer, as expressing more clearly the political character 
 and editorial columns of the paper, it being independent republican in national 
 and state politics, and liberal in religious and local matters. In 1879 Messrs. 
 Henry Emrich and Iram B. Biggs purchased the office and with Mr. Emrich as 
 editor conducted the paper until October, 1906, when they stopped its publication. 
 During these twenty-seven years the Plaindealer advocated the principles and 
 supported the candidates of the republican party, but at the same time reserving 
 to itself and exercising the right to criticise the policies of that party when it 
 thought they were not conserving the best interests of the people as a whole. In 
 city affairs the Plaindealer always contended for good government and as 
 a local organ of the liberal party had much to do with shaping the policy of that 
 party for good city government and the carrying out of many needed local im- 
 provements. 
 
 The list of the various publications in Galesburg during the past sixty years 
 is a long one and only a short mention of them is possible here. 
 
 KNOX INTELLIGENCE 1849-1850; Southwick Davis; non-partisan; religious 
 in tendency, favoring the Presbyterian church. ; | 
 
 NORTHWESTERN GAZETEER 1850-1851 ; Southwick Davis, neutral in politics. 
 
 NEWS LETTER Geo. W. Gale, Dr. Bunce and Geo. Lanphere did good work 
 
TUK GALESnUKG CLL'l! 
 Club organized in IS^i.'i. Itnilding erected in liilii. Value, including furniliingr 
 
 TlIK KLKS CI.UR IIOl'SK 
 
V^viV HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY -^ 489 
 
 to get the C., B. & Q. Railroad through Galesburg; later on became a Free 
 Soil paper. o . 
 
 WESTERN FREEMAN 1853; J. W. Lane; anti-salvery. 
 
 FREE DEMOCRAT 1854; referred to in history of that paper. 
 
 HEMLANDET 1855-1866; a secular as well as religious Swedish paper edited 
 : by Rev. T. N. Haselquist. At that time the only Swedish paper in the United 
 States, and one that was very influential in increasing the Swedish immigration to 
 the United States, hundreds of copies of each issue being sent by Swedish-Ameri- 
 cans to their friends in Sweden. It was finally removed to Chicago for increased 
 facilities and is in existence today. 
 
 ; DET RATTA HEMLANDET 1856-1862; an organ of the Swedish Lutheran 
 ; church. 
 
 .; FRIHETS VANNEN 1859-1861; a Swedish republican newspaper; editor not 
 . known. . 
 
 KNOX COUNTY OBSERVER 1865 ; published by Louis V. Taf t ; existed for only 
 a short time. 
 
 THE TIMES 1867; Ethan A. Snively; democratic; existed for about one year. 
 
 THE LIBERAL 1867-1870; a very "liberal" society paper, edited by Steve R. 
 Smith. This gentleman also, in 1873, started THE SIDEWALKINGS, which had only 
 a short career. ; .-, I 
 
 THE REVIEW 1877; started by Colville Bros.; republican; in 1878 it was 
 changed to a monthly and soon after passed away. ' 
 
 Knox and Lombard Colleges have also published monthly journals. The 
 Knox Student at Knox College and The Lombard Review at Lombard College. 
 Both of them have been c'onducted with marked ability and have done much to 
 benefit their alma maters. At one time the students of Knox College published a 
 paper called the Coup d' Etat in addition to the Knox Student. The Coup d' 
 Etat was started as the result of a disagreement over the election of nianagers 
 of the Student. Both papers continued for some time when The Knox Student 
 gave up the fight. The Coup d' Etat continued to be published for quite a number 
 of years and finally the name "The Knox Student" was adopted as meaning more 
 to the college. 
 
 THE HIGH SCHOOL BUDGET, a weekly edited and printed by the students of the 
 Galesburg High School; devoted to the best interests of the high school and 
 usually replete with "happy hits" at the expense of the lads and lasses attending 
 the high school. 
 
 THE ENTERPRISE HERALD The Abingdon Enterprise was established in i88o 
 by J. C. Cromer and its first issue was in July of that year. He continued its 
 publication for a couple of years when he mysteriously disappeared and has 
 never been heard from. Mrs. Cromer then sold the paper to Reed & Pendarvis, 
 who kept it until 1893, when it was sold to C. A. Murdock, who was its editor 
 something over a year, when it was sold and consolidated with the Herald. Dur- 
 ing this time its politics were varied, sometimes being republican, again inde- 
 pendent, but never particularly vigorous. .' 
 
 The Herald was established in March, 1892, by E. M. Killough, who contin- 
 ued its publication until 1895, when he formed a partnership with M. A. Cleveland, 
 and they together purchased the Enterprise and consolidated the two, making the 
 
490 ^ HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY ^1:; 
 
 Enterprise Herald. The Herald was democratic in politics, decidedly so on all 
 questions. A year later Mr. Killough purchased the interest of his partner and 
 continued the publication of the Enterprise Herald until his death in December, 
 1906. At this time his widow. Lulu Killough, took up the management of the 
 paper and continued its editor and publisher with a son. Merle B., in charge of 
 the mechanical department. 
 
 Locally the Enterprise Herald has been a home paper, working for Abingdon 
 'and its institutions, giving of its influence and its means for the up-keep of the 
 same and for the establishment of new ones. It has never identified itself with 
 either local party people's or citizens' but has thrown its influence where it 
 felt would be for the betterment of the city in general, often taking a decided 
 and active part in the local campaign. ' -'^ 
 
 In December, 1911, the circulation of the paper was transferred to The Ko- 
 dac, and the mechanical department disposed of. 
 
 THE PRESS OF KNOXVILLE. Knoxville's first newspaper was the Knoxville 
 Journal, first being issued October 5, 1849, by John S. Winter and David Collins. 
 It was neutral in politics, but was ably edited and a splendid exponent of the 
 best principles of early times. In 1852, Mr. Winter transferred his interest to 
 Mr. Collins, who in 1855 sold the plant to Mr. John Regan. Soon after the 
 politics was changed from neutral to democratic. Mr. Winter then in 1856 
 began the publication of the Knox County Republican, when tfie Journal was dis- 
 continued for want of patronage, and the type and press was moved to Elmwood, 
 where for many years Mr. Regan printed the Messenger. The Republican has not 
 missed an issue since 1856, which will support the claim that it is the oldest 
 newspaper in the county, or, in fact, this part of the state. On April 7, 1858, 
 Zaccheus Beatty and W. T. Robinson succeeded as publishers. After many years 
 Mr. Beatty disposed of his interest to Mr. O. A. Barnhart. On February 24, 1876, 
 the plant and good will of The Republican was purchased by O. L. Campbell, 
 who immediately enlarged the paper from a four-page to an eight and sixteen 
 page paper and for more than thirty-four years this newspaper has labored for 
 the upbuilding of Knoxville and Knox county. At this time the Republican is 
 owned and managed by H. B. Andrews, who is conducting it in harmony with the 
 early history of the oflice. 
 
 THE WiLLiAMSFiELD TiMES was started in January, 1889, by C. D. Benfield. 
 In the fall of 1890 the building and the Times plant was destroyed by fire. Mr. 
 Benfield and Earl Benson restocked a new office and continued the publication. 
 In the fall of 1891 Mr. Benson and J. M. Morneny bought out Mr. Benfield. On 
 April 8, 1893, the Times plant was purchased by Mr. Hugh Irish, who came to 
 Williamsfield from McDonough, and by him conducted in an able manner up to 
 this date, a period of over eighteen years. The Times has always been a non- 
 political paper and devoted to the best interests of its home town and people. 
 
 THE ONEIDA NEWS was founded by W. K. Maxwell in 1901 who conducted it 
 as an independent paper until about five years ago, when a stock company was 
 organized and incorporated for the publishing of the paper. Mr. Maxwell was 
 editor and manager of the News until January, 1911, when he disposed of his 
 interests in the paper to Frank C. Krans, who for twelve years published the 
 
.;^; ;/ v.;;;^-- ; . -y'^^ OF KNOX COUNTY :,: - . 491 
 
 ' Altona Record. Mr. Maxwell went to Peoria where he took a position on the 
 Herald Transcript as special and editorial writer. The News is republican in 
 politics and always ready to assist in any movement for the betterment and ad- 
 vancement of Oneida. 
 
 : THE GALESBURG DAILY MAIL was started on May 14, 1891, by the Daily 
 
 ' Mail Publishing Co. The control of the paper was in the hands of George W. 
 and William R. Colville and William Bennett Barnes. Other members of the 
 
 ; company were : S. H. Bateman, General Philip S. Post, F. A. Freer and H. L. 
 May. W. O. Lovejoy later succeeded Mr. Bateman. George W. Colville was 
 managing editor and William Bennett Barnes city editor, with William R. Colville 
 as business manager. : r/^ -.' 
 
 - There was no particular political motive in the starting of the Mail. The 
 Republican-Register was the warm supporter of Colonel Clark E. Carr and op- 
 posed to him for the congressional nomination in the tenth district was General 
 Philip Sydney Post. The appearance and tone of the new paper brought much 
 
 ; credit to Messrs. Colville and Barnes and leaders of the Post faction obtained a 
 heavier interest and then the Mail was given the task of counteracting the 
 influence of the Republican -Register and fighting the battles of General Post. 
 The subsequent victory of General Post enhanced the Mail's chances of continued 
 success. 
 
 In 1895 Messrs. Colville and Barnes transferred their interests to D. H. and 
 Ben B. Hampton, former proprietors of the Macomb Bystander. Early in their 
 administration the publication was removed from the job office on Main street 
 to more commodious quarters in a new building erected for it at 5052 North 
 Cherry street. In August, 1899, another move was made to the Marquette build- 
 ing on South Cherry street, where it has occupied three floors and from which it 
 proposes to move in the autumn of 1912 still further south on Cherry street to a 
 building especially constructed for its occupancy in the city hall block. 
 
 - In January, 1900, Frank H. Sisson and Charles H. May assumed control of 
 the Mail, when a transfer of the majority of the stock was made and the Messrs. 
 Hampton retired. ,: 
 
 In 1904 Messrs. May and Sisson sold out their interest in the paper to 
 Andrew O. Lindstrum and a number of local associates. It was conducted by them 
 until 1907. The management of this paper and of the Republican-Register, the 
 other daily paper of the city, were closely allied, and there was a demand, grow- 
 ing as the years went on, for a paper which should be more independent. This 
 demand culminated in the organization in October of 1907 of the Galesburg 
 Publishing Company, whose object was to publish the Galesburg Evening Journal. 
 
 Before the new company could get its plant in operation, however, overtures 
 came to it from Messrs. Lindstrum and West (Albert W. West had meanwhile 
 associated himself with Mr. Lindstrum in the publication of the paper) to sell 
 the Mail. The overtures were followed by negotiations, and the negotiations 
 were successful. On December 2, .1907, all the assets of the paper were pur- 
 chased by the new corporation, and from that time it has been issued under the 
 present management. 
 
 The name of the corporation was very similar to that of the company pub- 
 
492 HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY 
 
 lishing the Republican-Register, and to avoid confusion in the delivery of mail, 
 etc., it was changed to Galesburg Mail Company. The circulation and advertising 
 patronage of the paper has steadily grown under the new management, and at 
 the present time the issue is over 7,100 daily. 
 
 Plans have been laid for a new building on South Cherry street, opposite 
 the postoffice, and the paper expects to enter its new quarters early in the fall. 
 Robert A. Chandler is general manager of the paper, Walter Whipple is editor, 
 Geo. W. Cowan is the efficient advertising manager, and W. C. Hunter is busi- 
 ness and circulation manager. 
 
 , The paper is independent in policy. . ; ' ;.( -',;,; 
 '-'''',.''".?;-.'; ..'-.''. 5x: ^"'- '::'r\ /' .'''^^^, ;".';,:: .,.':/':::. ^ 
 
 -; : -i^' i . THE REPUBLICAN-REGISTER : :V . 
 
 Of all the Galesburg newspapers the Republican-Register, daily and weekly, 
 is the oldest and it ranks as one of the widest circulated and most influential 
 papers in the state. Its history dates back nearly half a century and the years 
 have seen it grow steadily in circulation and influence. 
 
 The Republican-Register is the outcome of the merging of the Republican 
 and the Register. The former was founded in 1866 by Stephen R. Smith, William 
 J. Mourer and H. D. Babcock, and in 1872 was purchased by Col. E. F. Phelps, /. 
 afterward prominent in fraternal circles here. ' 
 
 The Register was started in 1870 by Col. Clark E. Carr, and J. M. Prior, and ;.,;..: 
 Col. Carr is still living to recall the editorial work that he so well did on his 'f/^; 
 paper. In 1872 S. W. Grubb purchased the Republican. The mer- > ;'. 
 ger of the two papers was accomplished in December, 1872, when : 
 the Galesburg Printing and Publishing Company was organized and incorporated 
 with a capital of fifteen thousand dollars under the laws of Illinois, and the 
 consolidated paper was christened the Republican-Register, by which title it has 
 since been known. 
 
 ; The first officers of the company were George V. Deiterich, president; Zac- 
 cheus Beatty, editor and vice president, and S. W. Grubb, secretary-treasurer 
 and business manager. With the newspaper plant was also a job office. .^^. 
 
 The company has published both a daily and a weekly during all these years. ^' -'''' 
 For a long time the paper was issued from the building on the northeast corner .; 
 of the public square. Then the plant was moved to one of the Mathews build- 
 ings on East Main street. In 1893 the equipment was moved to a handsome new 
 two-story building at 154-156 Simmons street erected by the company and built 
 specially with reference to the business. Since that date the business has been 
 carried on in this structure and now takes every inch of the entire building. 
 The company is the only newspaper company in the city that owns its own build- 
 ing containing special conveniences for effective work. 
 
 Zaccheus Beatty, the efficient editor of the paper for years, passed away in 
 1896. S. W. Grubb, who from the business angle, made the plant a paying ven- 
 ture, retired about 1900 and was succeeded by his son, James W. Grubb. In 
 1901 Omer N. Custer, George A. Perry and Fred R. Jelliff acquired the Beatty 
 stock while the stock of Mr. Grubb was transferred to his son. For several 
 
 
..?/:-^f: ;>;::; HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY - - 493 
 
 years the last-named was the secretary-treasurer of the company, until he dis- 
 posed of his holdings to Mr. Custer and Mr. Perry in April, 1909. With the pur- 
 chase of the Beatty stock, Mr. Perry became the business manager of the com- 
 pany and has served since in this capacity with rare fidelity. Before coming 
 to the Republican-Register he was in the circulation department of the Mail from 
 its incipiency and then for several years had an interest in the business of the 
 Colville Brothers, old and established printers of the city. 
 
 When James W. Grubb sold his holdings Mr. Custer was elected secretary- 
 treasurer in his stead and is still holding that position. 
 
 Mr. Custer started in twenty years or so* ago in the circulation department 
 of the paper and worked his way to the front by persistent application to its 
 interests. Fred R. Jelliflf, who began work with the paper as a reporter in 1882, 
 has been its editor since the death of Mr. Beatty and is the oldest newspaper 
 man in the city still in the harness. Through thirty years he has been continu- 
 ously with the Republican-Register. Fred A. Dean for several years has been the 
 president of tlie company. 
 
 The Republican-Register from a humble beginning has developed into a thor- 
 oughly modern newspaper. It has a circulation of over eight thousand, which is 
 a larger circulation than any other paper in its territory possesses. It has the 
 full telegraphic service which comes over a leased wire into its office, and its 
 corps of correspondents covers well all the county and much of the surrounding 
 country. From being set by hand at the case, the paper is now set at five linotype 
 machines, and from being run ofi by an old-fashioned fiatbed press on the square, 
 the paper is now run off by a twenty- four page Potter press. The job office has 
 also been from time to time added to and so is thoroughly equipped. 
 
 The Republican-Register is republican in its politics and has been so from its 
 
 origin, but is not intolerant. It is recognized as fair and reliable in its news, 
 
 ,; and as maintaining a wholesome tone aiming to be a publication fit for the 
 
 :, ':':.' family circle. It has striven to promote public morals and respect for law. As 
 
 ? the dean of the newspapers of the city it deservedly takes a high rank. 
 
 KNOX COUNTY COMMON SCHOOLS 
 , , .; BY PROF. WALTER F. BOYES 
 
 SCHOOL LANDS ; 
 
 ' f The enabling act of congress for the state of Illinois, April, i8i8, donated 
 the sixteenth section of every township to the inhabitants thereof for school pur- 
 poses. Under an act of the general assembly of 1831 providing for the sale of 
 these lands, the county commissioners' court appointed A. D. Swartz commis- 
 sioner and agent for the inhabitants of Knox- county for the sale of the sections 
 of land numbered sixteen. Upon the failure of Mr. Swartz to qualify, Wil- 
 liam McMurtry was appointed to the position. Prior to this action of the court 
 a subscription school had been conducted at Henderson Grove and slightly later 
 another at Cherry Grove. But the appointment of the commissioner of school 
 
 
494 . HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY 
 
 lands was the first official act looking toward the establishing of public schools 
 in Knox county. The same law commanded the appointment by the court of 
 township trustees of school lands. On the sixth day of September, 1831, Turner 
 A. Rountree and Jesse D. Gum were so appointed for township 12 north, range i 
 east, Henderson. Other such appointments were soon made and the list of 
 township trustees was complete in. a comparatively short time. The chief duty 
 of the county commissioner was to sell the school lands upon the petition of 
 three-fourths of the voters of the respective townships; that of the trustees was 
 to make a map of the land, dividing it into tracts of not more than eighty acres 
 and to place a value, not less than ?i.25 per acre, on each tract for the guidance 
 of the commissioner in making sales. 
 
 The first petition for the sale of land was that of James Mansfield, Stephen 
 Mitchell, Harmon G. Brown and forty-nine others, "white male inhabitants over 
 the age of twenty-one years and legal voters of the township of land known 
 and designated on the plats of the surveys of the lands belonging to United 
 States as township number 12 north, range i east of the fourth principal me- 
 ridian." This petition was dated January 4, 1834, and the fifty-two signers in- 
 cluded all but ten of the voters of Henderson township. The trustees divided 
 the section into twenty- and forty-acre lots and after due advertisement it was 
 sold to six buyers at $1.25 per acre. In the same year ten of the thirteen voters 
 of Maquon township petitioned for the sale of their land. It likewise brought 
 the minimum legal price, $800. The last full section of school land to be dis- 
 posed of in the county was that of Lynn township in 1852 for $1,576. Forty 
 acres of the Chestnut section remained unsold until, following a revaluation by 
 Trustees D. B. Routh, H. P. Townsend and Samuel Cashman, it was disposed 
 of in 1868 for $506. The trustees of Ontario township, in 1848, valued their 
 section at $720, the law fixing a minimum value having been repealed. During 
 the next two years it was sold for $767.77, the smallest amount received for 
 any school section in the county. The sixteenth section of Galesburg township, 
 three-fourths of it lying within the city limits, was sold (1839-1848) in ten- and 
 twenty-acre lots for the sum of $5,668. The section on which Altona stands 
 was disposed of in 1841 for $2,024.20. 
 
 In view of the present great value of these lands, the thought is forced upon 
 one that something like proper foresight and care would have preserved to our 
 common schools sufficient funds well-nigh to maintain them. What the net in- 
 come from one of these sections would now do for the schools of a township 
 would be something good to see. But it is to be urged that in those days the 
 railroad had not come and no one could have much idea of the wonderful de- 
 velopment soon to be. Besides, it was argued that the earliest settlers were in 
 greater need of assistance in maintaining their schools than would be the case 
 with later inhabitants. 
 
 Small as was the fund secured to each of the townships from this land, it 
 hastened the establishment of schotols, and the income from it was for a score 
 of years a very considerable part of the public money spent on education. It is 
 interesting to note, too, that this donation had a most important influence in 
 determining the plan of organization of public education in Illinois and Knox 
 county. The fact that the title to the land was vested in the inhabitants of the 
 
^^ ^"^ HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY .-. -^ 495 
 
 township accounts for the township school officers, trustees and treasurer. That 
 the county should become the unit of school supervision was likewise determined 
 by the land grant. The county commissioner of school lands had at first nothing 
 to do with schools; but when the interest on school funds became considerable, 
 in 1835, it was made his duty to distribute the money among the teachers. 
 Gradually were added other duties that made him a supervisor of school work. 
 
 ?;: 'X' '/=;- '"V ./:'-: r'';'^;'.'.: EARLY SCHOOLS ' ^. . \''-,"'f-^"\ 
 
 f The beginnings of common school education were made in every township of 
 the county during the period from 1830 to 1841. These schools cannot be said 
 to have had their origin in any fostering care of the state. The laws were almost 
 wholly ineffective so far as the creation or development of schools was con- 
 cerned. A body of school law had been enacted in 1825, but it proved to be 
 many years ahead of the times and was repealed in 1827. During the time 
 Knox county was establishing practically as many schools as she will ever need, 
 the law specifically protected the property holder against taxation for schools 
 unless his consent in writing had been secured. As before stated, from 1835 
 
 A the interest on the school fund was distributed to teachers. Each teacher was 
 
 -.; required to keep a record of daily attendance and received such a proportion of 
 . the fund of the township as the attendance in his school was of the total at- 
 tendance. This was not a large sum in any case; but it was something, and 
 it served effectively to stimulate and encourage the establishment of schools that 
 without it would have seemed impossible. 
 
 But for the larger part the schools of the county came not from the land 
 grant fund nor from any outside stimulus or assistance, but from the desire of 
 the people in the different communities to educate their children. The wonder 
 is that so many of them had schools at all. The financial support was always 
 inadequate; the steadying influence of a wise system of laws was lacking; and 
 conflicting notions of the purpose and the management of schools led some- 
 
 . times to great confusion. It was legally mandatory ujx>n the county commis- 
 sioners' court to establish a school district whenever petitioned to do so by a 
 majority of the legal voters living within the territory of the proposed new dis- 
 trict. The law left no discretion to the court and had no reference to the num- 
 ber of families in the district formed or in any other district or districts that 
 might be affected. This easy method of forming districts often caused the divi- 
 sion of territory already too small and weak for the support of a school. The 
 first district formed under this law was that at Log City, in 1837; the second 
 v,'as the Edgar or Hague district, now No. io8, southeast of Galesburg, in the 
 same year. Indian Point district, now No. 172, south of Abingdon, was the 
 third. In 1840 there were eighteen districts. 
 
 Upon the formation of a district the citizens gathered and determined whether 
 the school should be maintained one-half by taxation and one-half by contribution 
 of the patrons in proportion to the benefits received or wholly by taxation. Such 
 taxing power as the district had was also lodged in this meeting, no one being 
 subject to taxation except upon his written consent. Everything was done within 
 the district. The officers were three trustees, a clerk, an assessor, a collector and 
 
496 ^;' ' HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY 
 
 \ ' ' 
 
 a treasurer. The trustees employed the teacher and superintended the school. 
 During the first ten years of schools in the county, teachers were examined by the 
 trustees of the district only. In 1841 the law made the township trustees of 
 schools the board of examiners in townships, incorporated for school purposes. 
 A certificate of qualification was necessary to the drawing of money from the 
 school fund. Each district might maintain as many schools as were desired. 
 Altogether it was democracy carried to the extreme in school aflfairs. The ef- 
 fect was to make schools much more numerous than they should have been, to 
 destroy the possibility of system or continuity in school work, and to give to the 
 schools of the period a general character of meagerness, poverty and instability. 
 The brighter side of the situation was the efficiency and devotion of some teachers 
 and the real earnestness in matters of education shown by part of the people. 
 
 Among the teachers of this earliest period were the following : Franklin 
 Barber, 1830 or '31, and Harmon G. Brown, 1833, Henderson township; Robert 
 Bell, 1832, Mr. Seymour, 1835. Cedar township; Judge Dennis Qark, 1836, In- 
 dian Point; Thomas Ellison, 1836, and Anderson Barnell, 1838, Orange. About 
 this same time and just later schools were taught by Susan Dempsey in Haw 
 Creek, Henry Shurtleff in Victoria and Abiel Drew in Salem. 
 
 : ,. . ;' COMMISSIONERS . 
 
 As stated previously, William McMurtry, appointed in 1832, was the first 
 county commissioner of school lands. Upon his resignation in 1840 Curtis K. 
 Harvey was appointed, his service continuing at least until 1845. Some of the 
 county records were destroyed and the name of the commissioner does not ap- 
 pear in the books that remain. In one of. the oldest ones was found a slip of 
 paper bearing an official statement to the effect that on November 12, 1849, 
 Samuel S. Seward purchased lot No. ii of the sixteenth section of Truro town- 
 ship. It is signed T. Judson Hale, school commissioner. Mr. Hale's biographer 
 says that he held the office, 1847 to 1849. This is no doubt correct, although 
 he was also circuit clerk of the county during a part of this time ; but whether 
 Mr. Harvey or another served from 1845 to 1847 cannot be learned. In 1845 
 the office was made elective for a term of two years. At ihat time the commis- 
 sioner was made e.\- officio county superintendent and was required to visit 
 schools, to advise in all matters pertaining to them and to examine teachers. 
 William H. Whitton succeeded Mr. Hale in the office and served two terms. He 
 was followed by J. H. Noteware for the term 1853-55. The title of the office 
 had changed ; it had become elective and was charged with certain supervisory 
 functions ; but its chief work was still with the financial side of school affairs 
 and the duties of the office during this period of nearly a quarter century were 
 quite fully comprehended in the title, commissioner of school lands. 
 
 ';. ; V . :; THE PRESENT SYSTEM ^' 
 
 In 1855 the general assembly, yielding to the pressure of a public opinion 
 created by the efforts of earnest men throughout the state, enacted a law to estab- 
 lish a system of public schools in Illinois. A complete organization was pro- 
 

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 .w ...... 
 
 2. 
 
 
 
 O 
 
 C 
 
 O 
 
 35. O 
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 O -1 
 
 3? 
 
 H.I 
 
 
 
496 HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY .; 
 
 a treasurer. The trustees employed the teacher and superintended the school. 
 During the first ten years of schools in the county, teachers were examined by the 
 trustees of the district only. In 1841 the law made the township trustees of 
 schools the board of examiners in townships, incorporated for school purposes. 
 A certificate of qualification was necessary to the drawing of money from the 
 school fund. Each district might maintain as many schools as were desired. 
 Altogether it was democracy carried to the extreme in school affairs. The ef- 
 fect was to make schools much more numerous than they should have been, to 
 destroy the possibility of system or continuity in school work, and to give to the 
 schools of tlie period a general character of meagerness, poverty and instability. 
 The brighter side of the situation was the efficiency and devotion of some teachers 
 and the real earnestness in matters of education shown by part of the people. 
 
 Among the teachers of this earliest period were the following : Franklin 
 Barber. 1830 or '31. and Harmon G. Brown, 1833. Henderson township; Robert 
 Bell, 1832, ^Ir. Seymour, 1835. Cedar township; Judge Dennis Clark, 1836, In- 
 dian Point; Thomas Ellison, 1836, and Anderson Barnell, 1838, Orange. Alxjut 
 this same time and just later schools were taught by Susan Dempsey in Haw 
 Creek, Henry Shurtlefif in \'ictoria and Abiel Drew in Salem. 
 
 ;.;;;. ' COMMISSIONERS '. ; : .. 
 
 As stated previously, William McMurtry, appointed in 1832, was the first 
 county commissioner of school lands. Upon his resignation in 1840 Curtis K. 
 Harvey was appointed, his service continuing at least until 1845. Some of the 
 county records were destroyed and the name of the commissioner does not ap- 
 pear in the books that remain. In one of the oldest ones was found a slip of 
 paper bearing an official statement to the effect that on November 12, 1849, 
 Samuel S. Seward purchased lot No. ii of the sixteenth section of Truro town- 
 ship. It is signed T. Judson Hale, school commissioner. Mr. Hale's biographer 
 says that he held the office, 1847 to 1849. This is no doubt correct, although 
 he was also circuit clerk of the county during a i)art of this time ; but whether 
 Mr. Harvey or another served from 1845 to 1847 cannot be learned. In 1845 
 the office was made elective for a term of two years. At that time the commis- 
 sioner was made c.v officio county superintendent and was required to visit 
 schools, to advise in all matters pertaining to them and to examine teachers. 
 William H. \\ hitton succeeded Mr. Hale in the office and served two terms. He 
 was followed by J. H. Xoteware for the term 1853-55. The title of the office 
 had changed ; it had Ijeconie elective and was charged with certain supervisory 
 functions ; but its chief work was still with the financial side of school affairs 
 and the duties of the office during this period of nearly a quarter century were 
 quite fully comprehended in the title, commissioner of school lands. , 
 
 TIIi; I'RKStNT SYSTEJI ' \ ;; 1 . ' 
 
 In 1855 the general assembly. A^ielding to the pressure of a public opinion 
 created by the efforts of earnest men throughout the state, enacted a law to estab- 
 lish a system of public schools in Illinois. A complete organization was pro- 
 
3 -3; 
 
 ""( " 
 
 = 5 '-, 
 r'< C 
 
 ^. 
 3? 
 
:*. 
 
HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY 
 
 407 
 
 vided, from the directors and teacher of the district to a state superintendent 
 of public instruction. Provision was made by this law for the financial sup- 
 port of schools. The power of local taxation was restored in its full effect as it 
 had not been for nearly thirty years. This idea of taxing all property for the 
 purpose' of education was of slow growth. The laws that permitted a limited 
 taxation during the preceding twenty years had produced but little money for 
 the schools either in the county or the state at large. In 1847 the total reported 
 for the state was $8,763; in 1852, under a slightly different law, it was $51,000; 
 in 1858, the third year of the new law, it rose to $563,460 for the state and 
 $12,791.74 for Knox county ^the sum the people of the county paid in taxes for 
 school purposes being $ioo less than was distributed to them by the state for 
 schools. 
 
 Congress had provided that 3 per cent of the proceeds of the sale of pub- 
 lic lands in Illinois, one-sixth part excepted, should go to establish a permanent 
 school fund. When in 1836 the general government distributed $28,000,000 sur- 
 plus revenue among the states, Illinois placed the greater part of her share, 
 which was nearly half a million dollars, in the school fund. Interest on this 
 fund at the rate of 6 per cent has been, from the middle thirties, distributed 
 to the counties in proportion to their minor population. The new law added to 
 this a two-mill tax to be collected on all property in the state and distributed to 
 the counties along with the interest on the permanent fund. Then there was 
 the income from a small county fund, the origin of which need not be here 
 explained, and the townships had each the income from the proceeds of the 
 sale of its school section. Thus the support furnished from outside the people 
 themselves was fairly generous. But the development of the public school idea 
 was shown more truly in the provision for local taxation. It was made the duty 
 of the township trustees to certify to the clerk of the county court such a rate 
 of taxation as would supply any deficiency in keeping "in good condition and 
 operation a sufficient number of free schools for the accommodation of all the 
 children in the said township during the ensuing year." Legislation and the 
 good-will of the people were working together in the interest of schools. 
 ^, Along with this more nearly adequate financial support and more general 
 public interest must come improvement in the methods and work of the schools 
 themselves. Greater emphasis was placed on the supervisory duties of the county 
 school commissioner. Varying requirements of scholarship for teachers had 
 been made since 1845. I* was now the duty of the county commissioner to 
 certify their proficiency in and their ability to teach "orthography, reading in 
 English, penmanship, arithmetic, English grammar, modern geography and the 
 history of United States." He was to visit schools for the purpose of giving 
 counsel and direction and was allowed $2 per day for not to exceed fifty days 
 annually to be spent in such work. , 
 
 First to hold the position under the new law of 1855 was P. H. Sanford. 
 He began the task, decades long, of systematizing and unifying the work of 
 nearly two hundred independent and unrelated schools. 
 
 Vol. 139 
 
496 HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY 
 
 :^ ... TEACHERS' INSTITUTE 
 
 Very early in his service he called the teachers together for the organization 
 of Knox County Teachers' Institute. The meetings of this organization were 
 ' held semi-annually for about twenty-five years, then annually and again semi- 
 annually for a time. While the record is not complete, it can be stated with- 
 out much room for error that, with one exception, there has been at least one 
 :; meeting each year for fifty-six years. These meetings have occurred in the dif- 
 ferent towns, Knoxville, Galesburg, Abingdon, Oneida, Altona, Wataga, Ma- 
 
 quon and Yates City. They continued from two to four days each and for fif- 
 
 teen years the people of the different communities expressed their interest in 
 . education by gratuitous entertainment of the teachers in their homes. The old- 
 time custom of "boarding 'round" made every person in the country-side a 
 neighbor to the school. So this extending of individual and community hos- 
 pitality to the teachers doubtless had a share in creating a place for the schools 
 in the regard of their patrons and supporters. In 1871 the organization voted 
 to pay for entertainment while attending the meetings. 
 
 In Knox county, as has generally been the case, among the earliest and 
 strongest friends of the common schools were those connected with higher insti- 
 tutions of learning. Members of the faculties of Knox College, Lombard Uni- 
 versity, Redding Seminary and Abingdon College were active in both the man- 
 agement and the work of this teachers' association. Here is at least a partial 
 list of those who gave it life and character: P. H. Sanford, J. V. N. Standish, 
 George Churchill, A. J. Thompson, M. L. Comstock, Albert Hurd, J. B. Roberts, 
 H. E. Hitchcock, B. G. Hall, J. H. Knapp, R. B. Guild, J. F. Dickinson. The 
 influence of these men through these semi-annual meetings went directly and 
 most helpfully into the schools in their formative period. So far as can be 
 learned there had been no recognized elements of unity or cohesion in the 
 schools of the county prior to the middle fifties. There was no system, no 
 center. Every district organization was a law unto itself, every teacher like- 
 wise. Then came this group of strong men with an organization whose pro- 
 grams and discussions were to stand to the teachers as an expression of their 
 common task. Here was the beginning of united effort, of a system of schools. 
 Theodore Parker addressed the institute at Galesburg, October, 1857. The next 
 March at Abingdon, Horace Mann, America's greatest educator, delivered the 
 address, his subject being "Motives and Duties of Teachers." Since that time 
 many others of distinguished service to education have been honored guests of 
 the association. 
 
 Reports of the meetings as recorded by the different secretaries give, directly 
 and indirectly, what seems to be more than mere glimpses of the work of the 
 schools. The placing of the emphasis varied from time to time. The earliest 
 programs were given chiefly to the presentation of the subjects of study in the 
 common schools with a view only to the instruction of the teachers present in 
 the subject matter. While it was probably not possible for teachers in talking 
 to teachers to keep method entirely out of their discussions, it is true that for 
 a dozen years or more material was presented almost entirely from the academic 
 side. English grammar was a favorite topic from the first; mental arithmetic 
 
,...^:r;/: HISTORY OF KXOX COUNTY - 499 
 
 '''*-;'-.... .' . . 
 
 and orthography received due care as did reading and a little later geograjAy 
 was emphasized strongly. Almost from the first, object lessons received much 
 attention. They seem to have been presented rather more from the professional 
 side. The subject of physiology appears on the program in 1857, and drawing 
 received attention in 1862. Thirty-five years later physiology and hygiene came 
 to a place on the program of the common school. At the April meeting, 1865, 
 the following was adopted: Resolved, That we consider it the duty of every 
 teacher to inculcate devotion to our country and fidelity to our government ; and 
 that these principles may have a firm foundation, the Constitution of United 
 States should be studied in our common schools." This was thirty-five years 
 before civics became a subject of study in the ungraded schools and forty years 
 before the statute of the state made it so. Natural history as suitable material 
 for study in the common schools was up for discussion at the April meeting, 
 1864. Messrs. Knapp and Comstock, of the association, and Messrs. Lyon and 
 John F. Eberhart, of Chicago, took part. As reported by the secretary, the 
 first two speakers favored the introduction of the subject. Professor Eberhart 
 thought not much could be done except in the way of general exercises, object 
 lessons. The problem of elementary science, niature study, has been a difficult 
 one to teachers ever since. The extent to which the language of the various 
 text books should be memorized by the pupils was an oft-recurring subject of 
 discussion. It seems never to have been settled exactly; but for many years 
 the tendency away from any memorizing of texts was probably too strong. 
 .A At Oneida, in 1871, Rev. James Gorton read a paper on the subject, "Com- 
 pulsory Attendance of Our Public Schools." It was evidently a strong pres- 
 entation in favor of such attendance and was followed by a spirited discussion. 
 At the close a vote was taken; those present, and voting, stood forty-five to 
 two in favor of the views expressed in the paper. 
 
 The organization of the association provided for a standing committee on 
 text books. In 1862, Robinson's arithmetic and Qark's grammar were recom- 
 mended; and a year later the committee, consisting of Messrs. Thompson, 
 Standish, Hall, Roberts, Churchill, Knapp and Dickinson, reported books to 
 complete the list. The report was adopted as follows: Resolved, That we 
 recommend for general use in the schools of this county ..::; 
 
 1st. Wilson's Series of Readers. 
 
 2d. Parker and Watson's Fifth Reader for Elocution Exercises in High 
 Schools. 
 
 3d. Sanders', or Parker and Watson's Speller, to the exclusion of Web- 
 ster's Elementary. 
 
 4th. Fordyce A. Allen's Primary Geography on the Plan of Object 
 Lessons. 
 
 5th. Sam W. Mason's Manual of Gymnastic Exercises. '..- . -.: ;.''.r?=r t. 
 
 .;.. 6th. Sherwood's Speller. , v.^i^v '.';'- 
 
 7th. A slate for every pupil, especially the younger ones. 
 
 The idea of a course of study for ungraded schools made its appearance in 
 1873, in a paper on "Classification and Course of Study for Ungraded Schools" 
 by County Superintendent Christianer. Miss Leanna Hague read a paper at 
 Abingdon, in November, 1877, '^^ grading country schools. She proposed also 
 
800 HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY 
 
 that there slunUd he a course of sttidy and certificates of advancement issued to 
 pupils. Four thinjjs necessary to the accomplislinient of this were stated as 
 follows: 1 I'niforniity of text hooks; 2 Interest of parents and directors; 
 3 Regularity of attendance; 4 Permanency of teachers. The paper was 
 heartily received and the i)lan approved hy resolution. Later in the same meet- 
 ing a committee on a course of study for schools was appointed hy the county 
 sujxirintendent. 
 
 .'; About 1875, special effort to interest parents and the general public in the 
 scho<.->ls seems to have been made. An annual exhibit of school work at the 
 Knox county fair was undertaken with this end in view. A plan proposed in 
 1878 by Dr. Leffingwell, of Knoxville, to erect a pavilion on the fair ground for 
 tlie purpose was adopted and the building constructed. (' 
 
 The president, upon motion, at the meeting in November, 1880, appointed 
 a ctMiimittee of five consisting of President Newton Bateman, Supt. Matthew 
 Andrews, Miss Leanna Hague, Mr. M. C. Bates, and Mr. F. R. Jelliff, to pre- 
 pare a paper for distribution in the county explaining the duties of the county 
 superintendent of schools. This seems to have been in response to a question 
 nK>re or less general as to whether the office was necessary and worth the cost. 
 
 Ehiring the years of die rebellion, as the records of the association show, 
 the teachers were responsive to the spirit of the times. At the April meeting, 
 1863. Dr. Standish in the chair, J. H. Knapp, J. B. Roberts, and B. G. Hall, 
 committee on resolutions, reported in part as follows: "Resolved, That it is 
 the duty of all teachers to inculcate patriotic principles and to encourage love 
 of country-, and that every attempt on the part of school boards to repress ex- 
 hibitions of loyal feeling toward our government, especially in this time of its 
 peril, should meet with the disapprobation of all true hearted educators, also, 
 Tliat we request our County Commissioner not to grant certificates to those 
 known to have disloyal sentiments." 
 
 S. E. Field, John F. Dickinson, George Churchill, Miss Emma Dryer, and 
 Miss Mary A. West were the committee on resolutions for the next meeting. 
 Here is part of their report: "4th, That to our country in this hour of strife 
 we swear anew our allegiance, pledging ourselves to assist her, if need be with 
 our lives, praying God to continue to give wisdom to her rulers, courage to her 
 soldiers and victory to her arms. 5th, That, feeling as we do the debt we owe 
 our brothers in the field, we pledge ourselves to sustain them by our sympathies, 
 our labors, and our prayers, assuring them that while our hearts throb at the 
 thought of their sufferings, we rejoice at their victories and glory in their hero- 
 ism." Similar expressions were given at other times. President Lincoln was 
 commended on different occasions, particularly for the emancipation proclama- 
 tion : and later Andrew Johnson was condemned as a traitor and Congress was 
 called upon to impeach him. The body was in session in Oneida at the time of 
 Lee's surrender, and the resolutions adopted are beautiful in their expression of 
 the joy of victory, of devotion to country, and of thankfulness to God and the 
 nation's defenders. 
 
 The importance of this teachers' organization to the schools of the county 
 will scarcely be over-estimated. For years it furnished almost the only means of 
 professional advancement to the teachers. In its meetings the new ideas were 
 
=F 
 
 2." r 
 S 2 
 
 3- X 
 
 c 
 
 ^ 
 
 i 
 
 X 
 
500 - HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY 
 
 that there should be a course of study and certificates of advancement issued to 
 pupils. Four things necessary to the accomplishment of this were stated as 
 follows: I Uniformity of text books; 2 Interest of parents and directors; 
 3 Regularity of attendance ; 4 Permanency of teachers. The paper was 
 heartily received and the plan approved by resolution. Later in the same meet- 
 ing a committee on a course of study for schools was appointed by the county 
 superintendent. 
 
 About 1875, special effort to interest parents and the general public in the 
 schools seems to have been made. An annual exhibit of school work at the 
 Knox county fair was imdertaken with this end in view. A plan proposed in 
 1878 by Dr. Leffingwell, of Knoxville, to erect a pavilion on the fair ground for 
 the purpose was adopted and the building constructed. :. , ! , 
 
 The president, upon motion, at the meeting in November, 1880, appointed 
 a committee of five consisting of President Newton Bateman, Supt. Matthew 
 Andrews, ^liss Leanna Hague, ]\Ir. M. C. Bates, and Mr. F. R. Jelliff, to pre- 
 pare a paper for distribution in the county explaining the duties of the county 
 superintendent of schools. This seems to have been in response to a question 
 more or less general as to whether the office was necessary and worth the cost. 
 
 During the years of the rebellion, as the records of the association show, 
 the teachers were responsive to the spirit of the times. At the April meeting, 
 1863, Dr. Standish in the chair, J. H. Knapp, J. B. Roberts, and B. G. Hall, 
 committee on resolutions, reported in part as follows : "Resolved, That it is 
 the duty of all teachers to inculcate patriotic principles and to encourage love 
 of country, and that every attempt on the part of school boards to repress ex- 
 hibitions of loyal feeling toward our government, especially in this time of its 
 peril, should meet with the disapprobation of all true hearted educators, also. 
 That we request our County Commissioner not to grant certificates to those 
 known to have disloyal sentiments." 
 
 S. E. Field, John F. Dickinson, George Churchill, Miss Fmma Dryer, and 
 Miss Mary A. West were the committee on resolutions for the next meeting. 
 Here is part of their report : "4th, That to our country in this hour of strife 
 we swear anew our allegiance, pledging ourselves to assist her, if need be with 
 our lives, praying God to continue to give wisdom to her rulers, courage to her 
 soldiers and victory to her arms. 5th, That, feeling as we do the debt we owe 
 our brothers in the field, we pledge ourselves to sustain them by our sympathies, 
 our labors, and our prayers, assuring them that while our hearts throb at the 
 thought of their sufferings, we rejoice at their victories and glory in their hero- 
 ism." Similar expressions were given at other times. President Lincoln was 
 commended on different occasions, particularly for the emancipation proclama- 
 tion; and later Andrew Johnson was condemned as a traitor and Congress was 
 called upon to impeach him. The body was in session in Oneida at the time of 
 Lee's surrender, and the resolutions adopted are beautiful in their expression of 
 the joy of victory, of devotion to country, and of thankfulness to God and the 
 nation's defenders. | 
 
 The importance of this teachers' organization to the schools of the county 
 will scarcely be over-estimated. For years it furnished almost the only means of 
 professional advancement to the teachers. In its meetings the new ideas were 
 
n 
 
 Q. 
 
 s'e 
 
 ll 
 ll 
 
 v_ 
 '' 
 
 3 _ 
 
 i1 
 
 
 9C 
 
 1. 
 
.. I V V;>v % HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY ? ; > 
 
 advanced and tested, and the approval of the body was authority for much of 
 the method in teaching and management that found place in the schools. 
 
 v" ..:.;-;- :;--:v^ '.f:./^;; SCHOOLS AND SCHOOLHOUSES , ' '^ . : 
 
 The number of school districts in 1840, as previously stated, was eighteen; 
 the number increased to 159 in 1857, to 175 in 1864, and to 189 in 1871. Very 
 many changes in district boundaries were made in the intervening years, but the 
 number reported in 1911 was the same as in 1864, 175. To this number, how- 
 ever, may be added parts of three districts, union with adjoining counties, and 
 the high school district of Haw Creek township. 
 
 Schoolhouses to the number of 139 were reported by the school commissioner 
 in 1857. The report of 1865 showed 184 and that of 1868, 198. No official 
 statement of a larger number has been found. In 1911, the number was i86, 
 and it had been for some years. . ''. . 
 
 At the beginning of this period all the schools were ungraded, housed in 
 one-room buildings, composed of pupils of all degrees of advancement. In 
 1857, part of one group of schools, Knoxville, had been combined and graded; 
 in 1 86 1, there were five of these graded schools and eight in 1865. There were 
 sixteen districts in 1912, with two or more rooms each, twenty-nine graded 
 schools in all. During the decade 1866 to 1876, a substantial graded school 
 was erected in each of the towns of the county. Those in Abingdon, Oneida, 
 Knoxville and Wataga were built of brick. Knoxville, in 1902, had come to 
 require more room than was provided in the building of 1876. To supply this 
 need a brick building for the accommodation of the high school and the eighth 
 grade was erected. Having become too small, this was enlarged in 1911. The 
 frame buildings of the late sixties in Maquon and Yates City were replaced in 
 1904, with well constructed modern buildings of brick. v 
 
 A notable event in the history of schools in the county was the union in 1903 
 of the districts of North and South Abingdon, and the purchase by the new 
 district for a high school of the large building formerly occupied by Abingdon 
 College. No better example of the wisdom of consolidating schools can be found 
 anywhere. Here were two districts, neither one strong enough to maintain such 
 a school as its people desired, that solved most of their problems by combining 
 them, 
 
 ",:,)' /V-V','''^ :".;"'.; : '^i'y-'^V';:. HIGH SCHOOLS ., ;>,-^_- ...;'. ; ; ,'"' ^' -;-'/'-\'\? 
 
 The varying meaning of the term high school makes it difficult to leam just 
 the order of the formation of such schools in the different towns of the county. 
 Giving the term the meaning that it has now, a school doing three or four years 
 of work beyond the eighth grade, there was no high school outside of Galesburg 
 until 1872, when the school at Knoxville reached that grade. In 1880 the county 
 superintendent's report shows six, though it is quite possible that some of these 
 did not come up to the present grade of high schools. In 1912 there were three- 
 year high schools at Altona, Gilson, Maquon, Wataga and Williamsfield; and 
 schools with four-year courses at Abingdon, Galesburg, Knoxville, Oneida and 
 
502 . HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY O^^ 
 
 Yates City. The Haw Creek township high school (Gilson) was organized in 
 1902. As compared with other parts of the state this county has always stood 
 well in high school work. It had more high schools in 1880 than any other 
 county except Cook. In 1911 the proportion of high school students to the 
 total enrollment of the schools and to the population of the county was greater 
 than in any other county of Illinois. 
 
 ''.'::.:,,..-..; ' ., . SCHOOL EQUIPMENT ' '. "(.'J^^-'v!''''-'-:/:.^':, ^''. 
 
 County Superintendent Christianer in 1870 wrote: "Of the 192 school- 1 -v^s'i .-;''. yv/ 
 houses in the county, about one-half are gOod and sufficient for practical pur- ',,::..,-" 
 poses, and about one-fourth by suitable repairs can be made comfortable, and ;:.-.:.:'.-;';' 
 about one- fourth ought to be razed to the ground and replaced by new ones." . .'..,,, 
 
 . . . .,, "Still sits the schoolhouse by the road, , , , . 
 
 A ragged beggar sunning." ' ' ' '. 
 
 Not quite the same thing could be said of our schoolhouses in 1912. But ! .-; Vl-'-- 
 it is true that school architecture in the county generally has not shown the ; !"-.x. 
 advance it should have mdde. More especially is this true of the one-room :.>; 
 
 buildings. Except in a few instances these buildings were erected with little .'.-.- 
 reference to proper lighting and ventilation and with only such regard to effective -.-',:-: . 
 heating as would be provided for by reasonably substantial construction. The .^,..' ;:' 
 more recent influences in favor of greater care in the housing of schools have had . % '; -V^^ 
 considerable effect. At the beginning of 1912 there were twelve country schools .^ ' -//'f ,; 
 heated with basement furnaces, all but two of them having been installed after ,,.,: 
 the erection of the building. Thirty-six heating and ventilating plants, virtually ''';,' 
 furnaces placed on the floor of the room with adequate provision for ventilation, ' . .- ' 
 were in use. Eighteen other districts had improved on the old plan of a bare '.;''..';: 
 stove in the center of the room by placing it in the corner and surrounding it I. V; .;.:; 
 with a jacket. In the report of Superintendent Christianer previously referred : ; 'yj-'^: 
 to, he condemned very severely the seating of school rooms as it was then. At ./.".' '^.. 
 the time of the last report of the condition of the schools, more than forty ;.'?:' 
 years later, much still remained to be desired in this important matter, especially ;>.-'. 
 in the arrangement of the desks. However, very general improvement in the -', .:.'.;:' 
 furnishing and decoration of the school rooms had been made. A few build- .,;.:. 
 ings were still ceiled with lumber; but almost all were plastered and either pa- J >,;-. 
 pered or calcimined. Sufficient blackboard space, maps and globes had come to :'. "'. ; ;v.V -: 
 be nearly universal. But few were entirely without suitable pictures; prac- ;;.::''.":.' 
 tically all had window shades and nearly as many had sash curtains. At the ^ ;:?'...-: 
 time of this writing more than half the one-room schools in the county were .'.:-;'' y=' 
 supplied with musical instruments. Two were without books other than a die- ' X' /;' 
 tionary, though all but five had enough books to be called a library. Nineteen ;>.- 
 schools had met the requirements of the state superintendent of public instruc- ,'::,;:,-; 
 tion as to grounds, building, equipment and teaching for standard one-room :-.:J' :.;;/!; 
 schools of Illinois. . '.'v'O 
 
 Libraries for schools have for sixty years received attention. The report . ./;; 
 of 1867 credited the county with 720 books in school libraries, that of 1868, with;: .\ 'i i:'J;' 
 
.>: ; , ; : r HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY 508 
 
 ..;: ' - .'; ':,..'- ' :. ' : : ;> . -- ; "". 
 
 over 1, 800. The great increase for the year was due to the libraries for public 
 schools furnished under certain conditions by the state. The books were ill- 
 suited to children's reading and those remaining in the schools forty years later 
 showed generally little wear except that of time. As reported in 1872, the 
 twenty-six school libraries of the county numbered 1,599 volumes. The Cherry 
 Grove and Thirlwell schools are reported to have had the best country-school 
 libraries in those days. In 1878 some books awarded the Yates City schools as 
 prizes for work exhibited at the Knox county fair, formed the nucleus of a very 
 successful library. Its growth attracted much attention and it was discussed in 
 teachers' meetings. The idea thus spread and a few years later began one of 
 the periods of greatest activity in establishing school libraries. The number of 
 " books reported in 1890 was 6,938; and the number of libraries, 120; in 1900 there 
 were 12,359 books and 145 libraries; and in 1911 there were 24,236 books in 171 
 libraries. The Illinois Pupils' Reading Circle furnished considerable stimulus to 
 children's reading and assisted in making the later years of this period fruitful 
 . of good books and of a growing interest on the part of teachers and parents in 
 what the children read. 
 
 ,-.-. .:' ?.*- .--^ ''.:.' ."^v. ^* 
 
 ;/' : r :^" ;V ; >;i ' THE COST OF THE SCHOOLS A .-:....- .^^'-'^r'-'v 
 
 The people of the county in 1857 paid for the maintenance of schools taxes 
 to the amount of $12,791.94 and for the erection of seventeen schoolhouses 
 $10,685. The state distributed to the county for school purposes that year 
 $12,903.57. Teachers were paid for the school year of 1856-1857, $22,179.89, at 
 average monthly wages of $14 to women and $28 to men. Five years later, 
 1862, the total tax was $19,542 and the distributive fund, $10,144. Three new 
 buildings were erected and 343 teachers were paid $22,154, at average wages of 
 ; $16 for women and $26 for men the highest wages paid to a man being $55 and 
 the lowest $17; and to women, $28 and $io. The county's share of the state 
 ; fund was never greater than $15,843.36, and from that decreased to $6,234.75 for 
 ; the year 1910. Owing to the doubling by the general assembly of the school 
 ; tax fund of $1,000,000, the amount received from the levy of 1911 was $13,160.36. 
 ', The amount of money raised by local taxation has varied greatly. At the end of 
 the second five-year period the amount was $94,539 ; at the end of the next such 
 period it had fallen to just less than $90,000. Another five years, 1877, brought 
 the levy up to $102,209.54 ; but it dropped to $71,019.61 in i88i and to $70,282.95 
 in 1882. In 1887 it was $89,419; in 1890, $86,353.98 and in 1896, $146,972.19. 
 Any decrease in the levy since that time has been because of the varying amount 
 spent for buildings the amount expended for maintenance of schools has 
 Steadily increased. The levy for 1900 was $140,500, and the report for 1905 
 shows $186,140.52 collected for that year; and for 1910, $259.792. The citv of 
 Galesburg collected much of this increase, its tax advancing from $30,000 in 1890 
 to $144,000 in 1910. The estimated value of school property was $285,255 in 
 1875; in 1900 it was $442,375; and in 1911, $805,950. 
 
504 :.. HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY 
 
 COURSE OF STUDY 
 
 Just what branches of study should be pursued in the common schools and 
 what ones exclude'd has always been a question receiving much consideration. 
 When the system was organized nearly sixty years ago, the full course provided 
 was reading, spelling, writing, arithmetic, grammar, geography and history. 
 Very little emphasis, however, was placed upon the two last named. The text- 
 book in geography recommended in 1862 by the teachers' association was a very 
 elementary presentation and nothing at all was said of a text in history. Music, 
 physiology, civics and the elements of biology and physics were discussed from 
 time to time and claims made for them as suitable and necessary common school 
 subjects. A course of study suggested by Miss West, county superintendent, in 
 1877 provided for all of them. This course was not generally adopted, how- 
 ever. The probability is that geography became generally and firmly established 
 in the schools during the sixties, and United States history somewhat later. 
 Physiology and hygiene was also added by statute to the common school course; 
 civics and the history of Illinois in 1905. 
 
 In 1884, County Superintendent Steele prepared and introduced an outline 
 of study for the ungraded schools of Knox county. This course provided for 
 the study of civil government in addition to those subjects that had come to 
 be considered a part of the course. Very briefly stated the aim of the outline 
 was to make practical the work of the school room, to advance the pupils step 
 by step and give them credit for the work done, to unify the work of the 
 common schools of the county, to keep before the minds of the pupils facts 
 and principles instead of paragraphs and pages, and to lessen the difficulties 
 arising from lack of uniformity of text books. The plan provided for a system 
 of monthly and, for advanced grades, township examinations, the latter having 
 been continued as central examinations _ to the present time. The outline was 
 immediately successful and served well for some years in the accomplishment 
 of the author's purpose. It was one of the earliest and most valuable of such 
 outlines made anywhere for country schools. The state course of study, an 
 outline prepared by a committee of county superintendents acting with the State 
 Teacher's association, came later to take its place. 
 
 The law of the state lias always made it the duty of school directors to 
 adopt text books for the district and there has never been any compulsory uni- 
 formity among districts in the matter of school books. In 1895, County Sup- 
 erintendent Matthew Andrews, acting with teachers and principals of the county 
 to foil the plans of a firm of publishers with a list of poor books, secured the 
 very general adoption by the districts of a list proposed by himself. These 
 books were used by the larger number of the schools until 1904. The directors 
 of the county at their annual meeting in March of that year upon request by 
 resolution directed "the county superintendent of schools to confer with teachers 
 and others and recommend a list of text books for uniform use in the schools 
 of the county. The recommendation was made in August of the same year 
 and, without the work of agents or others than the teachers, the books came 
 into immediate and very general use. So responsive to the plan we're the directors 
 and the people and so interested the teachers that 94 per cent of the books used 
 
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SSOt> . HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY . 
 
 . . COURSE OF STUDY 
 
 . Just what brandies of study should be pursued in the common schools and 
 what ones exclude'd has always been a question receiving much consideration. 
 When the system was organized nearly sixty years ago, the full course provided 
 was reading, spelling, writing, arithmetic, grammar, geography and history. 
 Very little emphasis, however, was placed upon the two last named. The text- 
 book in geography recommended in 1862 by the teachers' association was a very 
 elementary presentation and nothing at all w'as said of a text in history. Music, 
 physiology, civics and the elements of biology and physics were discussed from 
 time to time and claims made for them as suitable and necessary common school 
 subjects. A course of study suggested by ^liss West, county superintendent, in 
 1877 provided for all of them. This course was not generally adopted, how- 
 ever. The probability is that geography became generally and firmly established 
 in the schools during the sixties, and United States history somewhat later. 
 Physiology and hygiene was also added by statute to the common school course; 
 civics and the history of Illinois in 1905. 1 ' . ' 
 
 In 1884, County Superintendent Steele prepared and introduced an outline 
 of study for the ungraded schools of Knox county. This course provided for 
 the study of civil government in addition to those subjects that had come to 
 be considered a part of the course. Very briefly stated the aim of the outline 
 was to make practical the work of the school room, to advance the pupils step 
 by step and give them credit for the work done, to unify the work of the 
 common schools of the county, to keep before the minds of the pupils facts 
 and principles instead of paragraphs and pages, and to lessen the difficulties 
 arising from lack of uniformity of text books. The plan provided for a system 
 of monthly and, for advanced grades, township examinations, the latter having 
 been continued as central examinations to the present time. The outline was 
 immediately successful and served well for some years in the accomplishment 
 of the author's purpose. It was one of the earliest and most valuable of such 
 outlines made anywhere for country schools. The state course of study, an 
 outline prepared by a committee of county superintendents acting with the Slate 
 Teacher's association, came later to take its place. 
 
 The law of the state has always made it the duty of school directors to 
 adopt text books for the district and there has never been any compulsory uni- 
 formity among districts in the matter of school books. In 1895, County Sup- 
 erintendent Matthew Andrews, acting with teachers and principals of the county 
 to foil the plans of a firm of publishers with a list of poor books, secured the 
 very general adoption by the districts of a list proposed by himself. These 
 books were used by the larger number of the schools until 1904. The directors 
 of the county at their annual meeting in March of that year upon request by 
 resolution directed the county superintendent of schools to confer with teachers 
 and others and recommend a list of text books for uniform use in the schools 
 of the county. The recommendation was made in August of the same year 
 and, without the work of agents or others than the teachers, the books came 
 into immediate and very general use. So responsive to the plan were the directors 
 and the people and so interested the teachers that 94 per cent of the books used 
 
-^- - 
 
 ii' 'J. 
 
 1?.-" 
 
 \^ 
 
 L<'- 
 
HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY . / 505 
 
 in the ungraded schcx)ls that year were of the recommended list. Since that 
 time the county has had the advantages of text book uniformity. 
 
 In order to conserve these advantages, a course of study outlining the work 
 
 of the text books by years and months was published in 1905. In addition to 
 
 the subjects regularly taught at that time, elementary agriculture was made a 
 
 part of the course for the seventh and eighth grades. It is not possible under 
 
 present conditions that this work be done in a manner entirely satisfactory; 
 
 but its introduction was a start toward the time when the material of the 
 
 ,' course in the country school will be drawn very largely from that which relate? 
 
 >-.; to life in the country. The county course of study is closely followed in all the 
 
 "-''' country and village schools and, with the accompanying examinations, records, 
 
 reports and promotions, it has done much to systematize and unify the schools. 
 
 V----^-'X'''-v :-.v':V. ''V;V ' ';:lv;- PUPILS )' .:^:;-' 'v 
 
 .;:'"' The number of minors in 1857 was 15,247; there were 10,142 persons of 
 
 ,; school age (five to twenty-one) and 9,835 reported in school. If these numbers 
 
 ..-- ; are correct, they show a very large proportion of the persons of school age to 
 
 V. .J have been in school. In 1870 there were reported 20,240 minors, 13,218 persons 
 
 ^ -,' of school age (six to twenty-one) and 9,794 pupils in school. The numbers in 
 
 ' :;' i88i were 18,057, 12,457 ^"^ 8,669. In 1890 the decreasing numbers showed 
 
 ;. 17,191 minors, 12,065 persons of school age and 8,006 pupils in school. The 
 
 :^;. three different classes of persons were represented in 1900 and 1910, by the 
 
 .=}. numbers 16,715, ii,775 and 9,558 for the former and 16,608, 11,941 and 9,299 
 
 J..V for the latter year. The decrease in the number of children reported appears 
 
 / . in the records before the decrease in population in any of the divisions of the 
 
 ; V county began. The proportion of minors to the total population is not so great 
 
 ' as formerly. 
 
 : :.j The average number of months of school, considering both graded and un- 
 
 :>:'. graded schools, increased from 65 in i86i to 7.36 in 1866, and 7.6 in 1875. In 
 
 - ^: 1880 the average number was 7.1 months; in 1890, 7.8 months; in 1900, 8.05 
 ; -^ months, and in 1910, 8.6 months. The average number of months in ungraded 
 
 ~ . . schools was as follows: For year ending June, 1875, 6.9; 1890, 7.3; 1900, 7.5; 
 
 ; ;,. 1910. 7-8. 
 
 .;.>;/;' During the more recent years the compulsory attendance law has had con- 
 
 :-; siderable effect in increasing regularity of attendance in the city; but in the 
 
 ' :\r country districts its influence has been almost negligible as very few boards of 
 
 ^ directors have seen their way to enforce the law among their neighbors. Pupils 
 
 >;' in the graded schools were in school an average of 119.3 ^^y^ ^''ch in i88i. This 
 
 ' average rose to 136.3 days in 1900. It was 143.6 days in 1905, and 143.2 in 1910. 
 
 . ; ' In the country schools each pupil was in school an average of 80.5 days in 
 
 / ,'. i88i ; 90.2 days in 1900; 92.2 in 1902; 99.5 in 1905, and 111.7 i" 1910. These 
 
 .. ;. figures show two things that interest in the school work of children has in- 
 
 ;:, creased and that children in towns have greatly the advantage of children in 
 :' the country in the matter of school attendance. 
 
606 :-.^ : : HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY 
 
 : , TEACHERS 
 
 One knowing something of Knox county schools can but regret the lack of 
 space to write fully of the character and work of the teachers. Among them 
 have appeared the failures that must always be found in any large group of 
 persons; some have been unable to rise above the limitations under which all 
 have worked ; very infrequently one has shown himself entirely unworthy. 
 
 . But generally, they have understood something of the responsibility resting upon 
 them and have striven to meet it. Very many have not waited for their tasks 
 
 \ to be pointed out, but have endeavored to learn what might wisely be added to 
 the work of the schbols and how their efficiency might be increased. A simple 
 record of the faithfulness and devotion of the teachers would make a splendid 
 chapter in our history and the county, during its more than eighty years, has 
 acquired nothing of greater value than the cumulative influence of those who 
 have taught in its schools. 
 
 During many years the teachers were employed for but a term at a time, there 
 being at first two and later three terms a year. The service of a teacher in a 
 district was called a school and it sometimes happened that the annual report 
 of a township showed three times as many schools as districts that is, that each 
 district had changed teachers every term. Gradually it came to be the custom 
 to employ teachers for the year and during the last few years not to exceed a 
 dozen schools annually have suffered from a change of teachers during the year. 
 The colleges and high schools have tended to keep the standard relatively 
 high as to scholarship and the same influence has helped in the maintenance of 
 a professional spirit. Salaries have ranged from an average of $14.00 for 
 women and $28.00 for men as shown in the report for 1857, ^o an average, in 
 
 , 1911, of $53.00 for women and $89.07 for men. ; 
 
 ^ '- -^ ' V .--.'.'; ^..;.-^-' <,-: : 
 
 - ; . ;^ SCHOOL OFFICERS -; v..v :;,;.' i:-V\' 
 
 More than six hundred persons other than teachers are required to fill the 
 official school positions of the county. It is unnecessary to say that there never 
 have been so many people at one time intelligently exerting themselves in the 
 interest of public education : the officers have not always been the persons of 
 their communities best fitted for the positions they held. However, it can be said 
 that to the care of school directors may be traced much of the progress made. 
 The position has always been called a thankless one, but it is probable that 
 no teacher has ever accomplished much without the s\Tnpathy and support of 
 his board of directors and few indeed are the successful teachers who do not 
 gladly acknowledge their obligation for such assistance. The school directors 
 of the county have held annual meetings in Galesburg since 1903 and much has 
 thus been accomplished for the schools. 
 
 The board of supervisors, though not charged with the exercise of school 
 functions, has always touched the schools through its relation to the county 
 superintendent. During a considerable part of the time after 1855 the board 
 had control of the number of days, at a per diem fixe^ by statute, to be spent 
 annually in the discharge of the duties of the office, and the amount of office 
 
S o 
 
 o 
 o ? 
 
 ^D. r. 
 
 3= o 
 
 =; 
 
 B. 
 
 5' 
 
60ft/ HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY 
 
 ..'.'/- TEACHERS ; V 
 
 One knowing something of Knox county schools can but regret the lack of 
 space to write fully of the character and work of the teachers. Among them 
 have appeared the failures that must always be found in any large group of 
 persons ; some have been unable to rise above the limitations under which all 
 have worked ; very infrequently one has shown himself entirely unworthy. 
 But generally, they have understood something of the responsibility resting upon 
 them and have striven to meet it. Very many have not waited for their tasks 
 to be pointed out, but have endeavored to learn what might wisely be added to 
 the work of the schbols and how their efficiency might be increased. A simple 
 record of the faithfulness and devotion of the teachers would make a splendid 
 chapter in our history and the county, during its more than eighty years, has 
 acquired nothing of greater value than the cumulative influence of those who 
 have taught in its schools. 
 
 During many years the teachers were employed for but a term at a time, there 
 being at first two and later three terms a year. The service of a teacher in a 
 district was called a school and it sometimes happened that the annual report 
 of a tow-nship showed three times as many schools as districts that is, that each 
 district had changed teachers every term. Gradually it came to be the custom 
 to employ teachers for the year and during the last few years not to exceed a 
 dozen schools annually have suffered from a change of teachers during the year. 
 
 The colleges and high schools have tended to keep the standard relatively 
 high as to scholarship and the same influence has helped in the maintenance of 
 a professional spirit. Salaries have ranged from an average of $14.00 for 
 women and $28.00 for men as shown in the report for 1857, to an average, in 
 1911, of $53.CX3 for women and $89.07 for men. . . 
 
 ' .: . SCHOOL OFFICERS > ' , 
 
 More than six hundred persons other than teachers are required to fill the 
 official school positions of the county. It is unnecessary to say that there never 
 have been so many people at one time intelligently exerting themselves in the 
 interest of public education ; the officers have not always been the persons of 
 their communities best fitted for the positions they held. However, it can be said 
 that to the care of school directors may be traced much of the progress made. 
 The position has always been called a thankless one, but it is probable that 
 no teacher has ever accomplished much without the sympathy and support of 
 his board of directors and few indeed are the successful teachers who do not 
 gladly acknowledge their obligation for such assistance. The school directors 
 of the county have held annual meetings in Galesburg since 1903 and much has 
 thus been accomplished for the schools. 
 
 The board of supervisors, though not charged with the exercise of school 
 functions, has always touched the schools through its relation to the county 
 superintendent. During a considerable part of the time after 1855 the board 
 had control of the number of days, at a per diem fixec^ by statute, to be spent 
 annually in the discharge of the duties of the office, and the amount of office 
 
^^ 
 
 s: 
 
 i 
 
HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY v. ; 507 
 
 expense has always been within its control. There is in the earlier records much 
 evidence that members of the board did not always favor the advancement of 
 popular education through the agency of the county superintendent. But the 
 opposition seems to have relaxed about 1875. In 1883, under a law merely per- 
 mitting such action, the board voted the superintendent full time for the dis- 
 charge of official duties. In 1890 by resolution the county superintendent was 
 authorized to purchase examination paper, schedules and other stationery for 
 the schools at the expense of the county. In 1904 it was made a rule of the 
 board to pay the expense of the visiting of schools by the county superintendent 
 and in 1907 an office assistant was provided. . . .; 
 
 Since 1855 the chief educational office of the county has been held by eleven 
 different persons. At the beginning of this period the title of the office was 
 county school commissioner and the term of election was two years. In 1865 
 the duties of the office were increased, the term made four years and the title 
 changed to county superintendent of schools. The direct powers conferred upon 
 the office are not extensive; but the statute creates opportunity for leadership. 
 Accordingly success in its administration consists in large part of securing the 
 co-operation of teachers and all others in the interest of school work. The 
 active and intelligent support- of the schools by the largest possible number of 
 their patrons and supporters would be the ideal on one side ; and the highest 
 degree of effectiveness of the schools themselves through the course of study 
 and the teachers would be the ideal on the other. 
 
 MT. P. H. Sanford began the work in 1855 and from the first put the stress 
 of his administration upon the improvement of teachers. His service, ending in 
 1 86 1, seems to have been characterized by an active teachers' organization which 
 he called into being and with which he worked a number of years after leaving 
 the office. J. H. Knapp succeeded to the position and continued, it seems, the 
 same general plan as Mr. Sanford. The office was a comparatively new one and 
 the superintendent was establishing and defining it during these years. It was 
 the period of the civil war and the duty of the school to the state was emphasized. 
 Superintendent Knapp resigned in March, 1869, and the board of supervisors 
 elected to the place Mr. John S. Foster, who served until the following De- 
 cember, when Frederick Christianer succeeded him. Mr. Christianer served 
 one term. Superintendent and teachers during this time seem to have been striv- 
 ing for some more definite plan of school organization, for a course of study and 
 the grading of one-room schools which was to come in a dozen years later. 
 
 Miss Mary Allen West came to the office in 1873 and was re-elected in 
 1877. Through a change in the school law a year was added to this second 
 term and Miss West served, in all, nine years. She was a very active official 
 and did much to popularize the office she held. She visited schools, attended 
 meetings, and delivered addresses to the end that the people might know what 
 was doing. For the first time, it may be said, the chief work of the county 
 superintendent was in the direction of interesting other people than teachers 
 in the work of the schools. William L. Steele succeeded Miss West in 1882 
 and resigned the office in 1885. The characteristics of this administration were 
 a much more definite organization of the schools of the county than had ex- 
 isted before and the development of great activity in establishing school libra- 
 
508 HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY 
 
 ries. Both of these have been mentioned elsewhere. Upon the resignation 
 of Superintendent Steele, the board of supervisors appointed George W. Old- 
 father to succeed him. At the next election Mr. Oldfather was chosen for a 
 full term extending his service to 1890. His effective work was along the same 
 general lines as that of his predecessor. Shirley C. Ransom was elected in 1890 
 and resigned at the end of 1892 to be succeeded, through the action of the board, 
 by Matthew Andrews at the beginning of 1903. The work of Superintend- 
 ent Andrews was characterized by great activity in visiting schools and un- 
 tiring energy in the effort to improve the work of the individual teacher. Local 
 teachers' meetings were a prominent part of his plan. He was succeeded at the 
 close of his six years of service by Ernest S. Wilkinson who continued the 
 teachers' meetings and added to them an extension course of a year for the 
 improvement of the scholarship of teachers. Walter F. Boyes was elected to 
 the office in 1902. Uniform textbooks, the county course of study, agricul- 
 ture in the schools, and directors' meetings have been spoken of elsewhere. If 
 the writer might be permitted to characterize this period of service, he would 
 say that it was marked chiefly by the hearty support given the present county 
 superintendent in his work by teachers and school officers. 
 
 WOMAN'S WORK IN KNOX COUNTY CLUBS, SOCIETIES, CORPS, 
 
 ',: :^;-;vev'.- : ETC. ..':- -:'..:;: '^-'-r-'^V^ ' : 
 
 ''- Bi MARTHA FARNHAM WEBSTER '' -'' ' 
 
 Tennyson says, "Woman is the lesser of man." We frankly admit this to be 
 true in some respects. We believe, however, that woman is as necessary to the 
 well being of civic, social, commercial and national life, as is man himself. In 
 order to make her influence felt she need not be identified with these different 
 forms of human activity in the same way as is man. Indeed it were better not 
 to be so. But woman has her own tactful methods, her own absorbing interests, 
 her own enthusiasms, her own appropriate sphere of action. By these means, 
 and through these avenues of approach, she may reach out and touch the world's 
 activities at almost every point of contact with which man has to do, and may 
 wield an influence as great and far-reaching as his own. 
 
 Woman's forms of activity, and her practical methods are distinctively her 
 own, as befits her womanly nature. They are characterized by greater enthu- 
 siasm of interest, more painstaking effort in the working out of details, and 
 greater devotion to her sense of duty to the cause which she has espoused as the 
 work in which she is engaged. 
 
 We find these characteristics exemplified as she pursues her chosen work as 
 teacher, philanthropist, temperance worker, church worker, business woman, 
 professional woman, journalist, author, reformer, and club woman, for she brings 
 to these different spheres of activity, devotion, self-sacrifice, loyalty and eu- 
 thusiasm of a type rarely seen in man. I'. ; 
 
 v ., In times of peace she finds ample scope for all her varied forms of activity and 
 service. And in the stress and agony of war she has proved herself to be a very 
 
' ;;^5 ' HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY .;; 509 
 
 angel of mercy in her ministries to her country's heroes and protectors, who 
 have paid in suffering and death the price of the patriotism which she helped 
 to arouse and stimulate in them. 
 
 Were we to gather together, tabulate and sum up the aggregate of woman's 
 part and woman's influence as they have been wrought into the very warp and 
 woof of our national life and history, we should find an overwhelming balance 
 to woman's credit. 
 
 In order to reach this grand total we should go back to those crucial days 
 of 1620, when, on that stonny, "stern and rock-bound coast," the women of 
 the "Mayflower" gave proof of the stuff of which woman is made. And when 
 the "real" Daughters of the American Revolution, inspired by the example of 
 their mothers, proved themselves to be of no less strong heart and heroic blood 
 than were their sons and brothers. 
 
 And later still to 1861-65, the period of the civil war, when through the 
 prolonged agony, five years of unspeakable horror and angfuish, the spirit of 
 *he women of 1620 and 1776 was reincarnated in the women of fifty years ago. 
 
 Through this period of two centuries and a half, the recital of woman's work 
 and influence must be written, for the most part, with the pen of history dipped 
 in tears and blood. 
 
 But at the close of the civil war, the question of re-construction became the 
 serious problem of the hour, involving not only our national affairs to which 
 they especially pertained, but its effects were also made manifest in many and 
 varied movements touching social and civic life. To woman the problem pre- 
 sented itself in the form of a call to organized effort, to the re-adjustment of 
 her position, to the determining of what her real status should henceforth be. 
 
 Up to this time there were no associated movements among women, outside 
 the church, the suffrage and the anti-slavery cause, and these associations were 
 made up of both men and women, and were, for the most part, even if not en- 
 tirely controlled by men. 
 
 And so we come to that period in our country's history when woman began 
 to appear as a factor to be considered in public as well as private movements 
 and events. 
 
 The movement for the organization of clubs exclusively for women was 
 started in New York city in March, 1868. At this time a good deal of excite- 
 ment had been aroused among the literary women of the city, because of their 
 exclusion from equal privileges with men at a "Dickens dinner" to be given 
 by the Press club. As a result of this incident the women determined to or- 
 ganize a club of their own by way of experiment. Twelve women, among whom 
 was Mrs. J. C. Croley, the founder, and who therefore should be recognized as 
 the founder of women's clubs in this country, met and organized a club called 
 the Sorosis. This name is taken from a botanical term of Greek derivation 
 which signifies a heap or collection. 
 
 \ The women announced themselves as organized "for the promotion of agree- 
 able and useful relations among women of literary, artistic and scientific tastes, 
 and for the discussions and dissemination of principles and facts which promise 
 to exert a salutary influence on women and on society." This somewhat formid- 
 able preamble to their constitution has the merit, at least, of being all-embracing 
 
510 HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY 
 
 and suggestive. The first president of the Sorosis was Sarah (Willis) Parton, 
 popularly known by her pen name, "Fanny Fern." 
 
 From this small but significant beginning the movement started. The little 
 craft, the Sorosis, freighted with the future intellectual possibilities and des- 
 tinies of the women of the United States, was launched upon the highway of 
 an ever broadening and out-stretching sea. It was destined to sail on to ports 
 then undiscovered and unknown, and to discharge its cargo of intellectual treas- 
 ures among women not only in city and village and countryside all up and down 
 our own broad land, but upon foreign shores as well, withersoever the influence of 
 American womanhood has followed the march of American progress. 
 
 This movement was not in the nature of a revolt, prompted by a belligerent 
 or defiant spirit, as the so-called strong-minded and aggressive women would 
 do well to note. It was more like an awakening to new life and activity. There 
 was nothing in the nature of a demand or of unwomanly self-assertion. 
 
 The foundation principles of the new movement were, "Unity, fellowship 
 of one woman with another and a platform of confessed ignorance and sincere 
 desire to learn." No wonder that with such a spirit in its founders, and such 
 principles to nourish and sustain it, the influence of the movement spread 
 with amazing rapidity, until now, from that parent society, with its twelve mem- 
 bers, there have sprung many hundreds of women's clubs, numbering scores 
 of thousands of members scattered throughout our own land and among Ameri- 
 can women resident abroad. 
 
 .. As another has forcibly expressed it, "The movement has brought together 
 women of all creeds and no creed, women of diverse social position and environ- 
 ment, women of widely differing opportunities and degrees of culture, and has 
 made of them an harmonious body enriched by the contributions of each to the 
 other." --: ''-..'-; ^.vr- '- ^;;V^ :. . ^-l-^^ X'-r'' 
 
 This democracy of principle and sentiment is especially manifest in those 
 clubs which are affiliated with the general system of federated clubs and which 
 therefore have adopted as their own the principles of the federation system of 
 organization, and by means of which the rapid growth of this system has been 
 accelerated. The motto of the general federation is, "Unity in diversity," than 
 which none more expressive or appropriate could have been chosen. 
 
 The patriotic organizations among the women are also examples of this great 
 diversity of gifts and personalities combining to form a more or less harmonious 
 whole, for in these organizations no resort to black-balling or intrigue can hon- 
 orably be permitted to exclude any in whose veins flows the blood of the found- 
 ers and patriots unless they be personally unworthy to be admitted as members. 
 
 A noteworthy feature of women's clubs in the fact that although necessarily 
 differing in their make-up and purpose, and in the details of their management, 
 they are alike in basis and essential principle. They possess great flexibility and 
 the ability to lend themselves to the needs of the community or the locality in 
 which they exist, and for whose improvement or moral uplift they have been 
 founded. 
 
 ./. Through the medium of her club life, woman has found her place and taken 
 her part in one way or another in almost every one of the different phases of 
 the world's activities, and we may point with pride to her success in these un- 
 dertakings and the high quality of her work. 
 
;^; i:v HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY ^ 511 
 
 In the more important centers these clubs have increased and prospered 
 to the extent of being able to erect beautiful buildings as club houses for their 
 own use and for the accommodation of other similar organizations in their 
 locality. 
 
 But the best result of the work of woman's clubs has been seen in the new 
 life of the small town, the awakening of dormant neighborhoods, the stimulus 
 to higher thoughts and an uplift to their realm of expression, while at the same 
 time the spirit of democracy has been fostered. The atmosphere and tone of 
 whole communities has been changed, and in particular it has taught women 
 how to think, how to speak, how to act for the best good of the community in 
 which they live. It has broadened their outlook upon life and brought them into 
 acquaintance with the world's best thinkers. It has taught them to estimate 
 values and proportions and the basis of their historic significance and the con- 
 nection of events, thus relieving their minds of the restrictions of local or per- 
 sonal prejudice and enabling them to take a higher level in their estimate of 
 life and duty. 
 
 Most especially have these far-reaching and uplifting influences become an 
 , invaluable asset in the resources of the mother and the teacher, for they have 
 opened a rich mine of information and culture from which they may draw as 
 they face the problem of the training and instruction of children. 
 
 The fear that club life for women would have a tendency to divorce men 
 and women in their interests and pursuits has been proven to be but a shadow 
 fleeing before the light of the oncoming day of woman's triumphs over her 
 petty restrictions, placing her upon the level of intellectual comradship and at- 
 tainment with her brother, and leaving her untrammeled to climb to heights 
 above him if she will. 
 
 From this brief review it may be seen that the growth in the United States 
 of clubs for women, is, as one author has said, "one of the marvels of a century 
 prolific in new movements." ''! /; 
 
 Such was the origin and development of of the "club idea" among the women 
 of the United States. What has been the effect of the movement among the 
 women of Knox county? We shall see. Let us consider for a moment the 
 ' natural advantages and privileges to which they have fallen heir. 
 'A.-., .That brilliant Frenchman, Max O'Rell, after extensive travels in this 
 country, during which he made a careful study of American institutions and 
 American home life, said, that if he were to be born again and could have his 
 choice of the conditions into which he was to be born, he would choose to be 
 born an American -woman. : ; ; .. 
 
 Our own gifted fellow citizen and author, Clark E. Carr, in the closing 
 sentence of his masterly address on "Illinois," says, "New York is justly called 
 the Empire state and Pennsylvania the Keystone state, while Illinois must be 
 recognized as the stately dome of the American Republic." 
 
 One of the foremost of the journalists in our county, whose position first 
 as teacher and scientist, and later as editor and writer, has eminently fitted him 
 to be a judge of relative and comparative values throughout the state, heartily 
 concurs in the suggestion made by another regarding our own county of Knox, 
 viz., that intellectually, morally, socially, religiously, educationally, commercially 
 
512 , . HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY 
 
 and agriculturally considered Knox county may be said to rank among the fore- 
 most counties of the state. 
 
 : Thus are the doors of opportunity and privilege opened wide to the favored 
 women of Knox county. 
 
 They are first American -women, either by birthright or by adoption. Second- 
 ly, they are daughters of the great state of Illinois, "Whose splendors and 
 glories," as Colonel Carr eloquently says, "'illumine every part of the mighty 
 edifice which she majestically canopies." And lastly, their immediate environ- 
 ment is one of the fairest and most favored centers of our commonwealth. 
 
 It remains for us to see what use they have made of the rich heritage to 
 which they have succeeded. 
 
 The pioneer settlers of Knox county brought with them from the east and 
 the south the spirit and the purpose which have made intellectual develop- 
 ment and culture the natural outgrowth of the seed implanted in the breasts of 
 their children. Since the significance of the root from which the word "Club" 
 is derived is that which is collected and clings or cleaves together, it may be 
 said that club life in Knox county began with the women of the Galesburg 
 colony soon after their arrival at their new home in 1837, then the trackless, 
 treeless prairie, now the fair city of homes and schools and churches, of shaded 
 streets and well trimmed lawns, and parks and gardens. That little band of 
 noble women, some of them only recently married, some of them still unmarried, 
 others in the prime of mature womenhood, and all of them earnest, thoughtful, 
 prayerful women, formed themselves into a society called the "Maternal Asso- 
 ciation." We smile at the name from the standpoint of present day ideas and 
 ideals, but was not theirs the true ideal working itself out through the instincts 
 of motherhood, impelled by the thought of the mother love and the mother 
 influence which must pervade and control the life and the destinies of the homes 
 which had recently been, or were to be established? 
 
 The purpose of this organization was to discuss the interests of the com- 
 munity of which its members formed so important a part, and the more inti- 
 mate and vital questions relating to their home life and the training of the 
 children and the youths so far removed from any other educational or cultivat- 
 ing influences. There was no occasion for jealousy or pique because of a fan- 
 cied or intentional slight in the omission of an invitation to join that club, for 
 all who would might become members and share in its duties and privileges. 
 And while they had no printed programs as have their daughters of to-day, they 
 kept a record of their meetings and a list of the members. 
 
 The membership list of that first woman's club of Galesburg included old 
 colony family names familiar as household words in the homes of our city Gale, 
 Waters, Blanchard, Kellogg, Losey, Farnham, Ferris, Colton, Conger, Buck- 
 ingham, Sanderson, Prentice, Swift, West, Wilcox, Avery, Phelps, Holyoke, Mc- 
 Mullen and all the rest sacred to memory in the history of those early days. 
 
 This association continued its life and activities for a number of years, at 
 least until at sometime after 1850, and therefore its history ante-dates that of 
 the Sorosis founded in 1868 in New York city. 
 
 In their earnest and prayerful efforts for the betterment of community and 
 family life, the women of Galesburg were but laying the foundations for that 
 
Mrs. Maria H. Whiting 
 
 Mrs. Philip S. Post i-'-.. 
 
 Mrs. Sara M. McCall -t: > J Miss Ida M. McCaU '-: 
 
 ; FOUR WOMEN IDENTIFIED WITH KNOX COLLEGE /.-'S ' 
 
512 ^:}.; HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY ; 
 
 and agriculturally considered Knox county may be said to rank among the fore- 
 most counties of the state. . ' . .'.,..'. "1 
 
 Thus are the doors of opportunity and privilege opened wide to the favored 
 women of Knox county. 
 
 They are first American i\.oincn, either by birthright or by adoption. Second- 
 ly, they are daughters of the great state of Illinois, "Whose splendors and 
 glories," as Colonel Carr eloquently sa\-s, "illumine every part of the mighty 
 edifice which she majestically canopies." And lastly, their immediate environ- 
 ment is one of the fairest and most favored centers of our commonwealth. 
 
 It remains for us to see what use they have made of the rich heritage to 
 which they have succeeded. i | 
 
 The pioneer settlers of Knox county brought with them from the east and 
 the south the spirit and the purpose which have made intellectual develop- 
 ment and culture the natural outgrowth of the seed implanted in the breasts of 
 their children. Since the significance of the root from which the word "Club" 
 is derived is that which is collected and clings or cleaves together, it may be 
 said that club life in Knox county began with the women of the Galesburg 
 colony soon after their arrival at their new home in 1837, then the trackless, 
 treeless prairie, now the fair city of homes and schools and churches, of shaded 
 streets and well trimmed lawns, and parks and gardens. That little band of 
 noble women, some of them only recently married, some of them still unmarried, 
 others in the prime of mature womenhood, and all of them earnest, thoughtful, 
 prayerful women, formed themselves into a society called the "Maternal Asso- 
 ciation." We smile at the name from the standpoint of present day ideas and 
 ideals, but was not theirs the true ideal working itself out through the instincts 
 of motherhood, impelled by the thought of the mother love and the mother 
 influence which must pervade and control the life and the destinies of the homes 
 which had recently been, or were to be established? ' I 
 
 The purpose of this organization was to discuss the interests of the com- 
 munity of which its members formed so important a part, and the more inti- 
 mate and vital questions relating to their home life and the training of the 
 children and the youths so far removed from any other educational or cultivat- 
 ing influences. There was no occasion for jealousy or pique because of a fan- 
 cied or intentional slight in the omission of an invitation to join that club, for 
 all who would might become members and share in its duties and privileges. 
 And while they had no printed programs as have their daughters of to-day, they 
 kept a record of their meetings and a list of the members. . ;" | . 
 
 The membership list of that first woman's club of Galesburg included old 
 colony family names familiar as household words in the homes of our city Gale, 
 Waters, Blanchard, Kellogg, Losey, Farnham, Ferris, Colton, Conger, Buck- 
 ingham, Sanderson, Prentice, Swift, West, Wilcox, Avery, Phelps, Holyoke, Mc- 
 Mullen and all the rest sacred to memory in the history of those early days. 
 
 This association continued its life and activities for a number of years, at 
 least until at sometime after 1850, and therefore its history ante-dates that of 
 the Sorosis founded in 1868 in New York city. 
 
 In their earnest and prayerful efforts for the betterment of community and 
 family life, the women of Galesburg were but laying the foundations for that 
 
Mrs. Maria II. Whiting 
 
 Mrs. Philip S. Post 
 
 Mrs. Sara M. McCall ' :'' . v ' Miss Ida M. McCall 
 
 FOUR WOMEN IDENTIFIED WITH KNOX COLLEGE 
 
HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY 513 
 
 altar of sacrifice upon which were to be offered 'their husbands and sons, and 
 the added gift of their own hearts' best treasures of love and devotion when 
 the fiery days of the civil war burst upon them and kindled the flame upon their 
 altar, a fiame which continued to burn consuming one by one the offerings laid 
 thereon until the sacrifice was complete. 
 
 The natural sequence of the moral influences and the home training which 
 preceded these events, followed, when husbands, sons and brothers marched 
 to the front, while wives, mothers and sisters remained at home to work and 
 weep as they strove to give them relief and succor. To be efficient their help 
 must be given through the medium of organized effort, and here again becomes 
 apparent the idea of the club, the "cleaving together" of the women in a com- 
 mon sympathy and interest which found its expression in the Soldiers' Aid So- 
 ciety of Galesburg, one of many found in almost every hamlet and city in the 
 land, and in which the women of the surrounding towns also, as in Knoxville 
 and Abingdon, and doubtless in other neighborhoods, bore a noble and de- 
 ^ voted part. 
 
 This work as an organization was supplemented to some extent by the 
 work of the women in their homes, some of them taking home garments to 
 finish, or 'to make entirely, in order to make it more of a personal service to 
 their loved ones and to the cause. At the beginning of the war the material 
 for the uniforms of the volunteer soldiers was furnished by the government, 
 and this material with pattern for cutting and shaping them was sent to the 
 different localities where military companies were organized. These were dis- 
 tributed among the different organizations in the neighborhood of the military 
 camps. The women of Galesburg gathered practically in a body to sew for 
 the soldiers who were in camp in Knoxville, Peoria and Quincy. When the 
 uniform was finished a testament and a handkerchief, and often a keepsake 
 of some kind were slipped into the breast pocket of each coat. One devoted and 
 truly patriotic mother, a widow, Mrs. Adaline Clendenin Ewing, the mother 
 of Mrs. Martha Cobb and Mrs. Miron Rhodes, took home the garments which 
 were to be the out-fit of her first born son, her offering to her country's service, 
 and made them all by hand. Into every stitch was wrought a mother's love 
 and anguish. Then she tucked into the pocket the testament, the handkerchief 
 and a letter, a sacred message from mother to son in that crucial hour, and 
 sent him forth with a mother's love and blessing. Only three short months 
 thereafter, stricken with mortal illness, he was brought home to receive that 
 mother's tender ministries in his few remaining hours of earthly need. 
 
 And this was only a forerunner of the many experiences that thrilled the 
 hearts of the community with sympathy and with sorrow. Again and yet again 
 were the homes of Galesburg and Knox county opened to receive their dying 
 and their dead. 
 
 But still undaunted, the women toiled on making garments, scraping lint, 
 filling comfort bags, preparing delicacies, packing boxes, forwarding literature 
 and writing letters to the soldiers in hospital and camp. 
 
 The following are the names of all the members of the Soldiers? Aid Society 
 that are still living Mrs. Lucy Chase, widow of Dr. M. J. Chase; Mrs. Betsy 
 Cook, widow of M. D. Cook and Mrs. Ann Sanderson, widow of Hon. H. R. 
 
 Vol. I SS 
 
514 HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY 
 
 Sanderson. Mrs. J. V. N. Standish, recently deceased, was also an active 
 member. 
 
 The reports of the Soldiers' Aid Society of Galesburg, which have been 
 preserved, speak eloquently, and with a touching pathos of the work of the 
 mothers and sisters, even of the little children, for the relief and comfort of the 
 brave boys in blue who had gone out from among them. The story of what 
 was accomplished for their aid, both in the hospitals and upon the field, reads 
 like a romance. The climax of one supreme effort is worthy of note. In the 
 spring of 1864 special appeals were made in behalf of the soldiers through 
 the agency of the Christian Commission. In response a "Sanitary Fair" was 
 held in Galesburg which netted over three thousand dollars. This was followed 
 in a few days by a great mass-meeting held in the Old First church, which stood 
 on the site now occupied by the Central Congregational church. On this occa- 
 sion, the afterward world-famous Chaplain McCabe, then just out of Libby 
 Prison, made an appeal so powerful in its effect that in one short half hour, 
 notwithstanding the effort of a few days previous, one thousand six hundred 
 dollars were pledged to the Christian Commission, thus making five thousand 
 dollars raised within a iJi;eek in response to that special appeal, while at the 
 same time the regular work of the society was not permitted to lapse. 
 
 It is in the light of such facts as these that we are made to realize the in- 
 tensity of the devotion and the patriotic fervor which sustained those women 
 through the unremitting toil and the long agony of that bitter experience. 
 
 Mary Allen West, who enjoyed the distinction of having been born in 1837 
 in "Log City," the first home of the Galesburg colonists, and whose influence as 
 an educator, a writer and a philanthropist afterward encircled the globe, was 
 prominent in the work of the Soldiers' Aid Society. During the greater period 
 of its existence she served as its efficient secretary, and she brought to bear 
 upon the work intrusted to her the unusual qualities of leadership and of exec- 
 utive ability with which she was endowed. She possessed a heart of fire and 
 wielded a pen of flame, and her burning words, whether written or spoken, must 
 have kindled anew the fires of patriotism in sinking, sorrowing hearts, while 
 they made even the dry statistics of her annual reports eloquent with hope 
 and encouragement. 
 
 And should we of the present imagine for a moment that impassioned thought, 
 eloquence of sentiment and elegance of diction belong more especially to this 
 period of culture and intellectual attainment, let us but read the address pre- 
 pared by order of the Soldiers' Aid Society of Galesburg and sent to their broth- 
 ers in the field. It was undoubtedly written by Mary Allen West, a graduate of 
 Knox college of the class of 1855, although her name does not appear. It is 
 a most eloquent, soul-inspiring message which must have thrilled the hearts and 
 strengthened the purpose of the weary and discouraged soldiers to whom it was 
 addressed. 
 
 In the arduous work and the consuming anxiety and sorrow of those eventful 
 years, as in all the undertakings which have come to their hands, the heroic 
 spirit of the women of Knox county triumphed. The word failure did not oc- 
 cur in their vocabulary, and to shrink in the presence of hardships, obstacles 
 
V^^ -";^v: "-': ^ HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY : .v::;; ; 515 
 
 and grief was to them an unknown principle of action. Their heroic creed 
 might well have been expressed in these words : 
 
 '';:r ' "For right is right, since God is God, : . :; /i : ^ 
 
 - '.-v:" t^ :^ ; ' -And right the day must win; ! v -/;.- ^4 
 
 ,\, ' :.X :; : i- To doubt would be disloyalty, vt^^-'vr =/: 
 
 . '''; ; ^ ;/?: To falter would be sin." ; . v 
 
 . " -. -'. '.'. ' ,'!..' . "- ' -'"';' 
 
 / And so lovingly and reverently do we pay our tribute of remembrance and 
 appreciation to the heroic example and worthy deeds of the women of Knox 
 county of 1861-65. 
 
 After the close of the war, indeed for some time preceding its close, when 
 there was no longer necessity for work for the soldiers in camp, field or hos- 
 pital, it became apparent that work must be done for the aid of the widows and 
 ' orphans left destitute when their natural protectors and supporters had been 
 stricken down by the cruel hand of war. And therefore organized relief work 
 was continued under the name of the Dorcas Society. 
 
 This organization was actively supported by many of those ladies who had 
 worked in the Soldiers' Aid Society. Its beneficent work in caring for the needy 
 and suffering of the city was continued through the many intervening years, 
 until a few years ago when it became affiliated with the Free Kindergarten As- 
 sociation, now a county institution, maintained by the efforts not only of the 
 women of Galesburg, but also of auxiliary branches in adjacent towns. 
 
 During the decade which immediately succeeded the close of the civil war, 
 and when all the evils which follow the trail of such a tremendous upheaval in 
 civic and national life ran riot in the land, the movement for temperance reform 
 swept over the country like a mighty tidal wave, bearing upon its crest the thor- 
 oughly aroused public sentiment of city and village and country-side alike. 
 ' Knox county did not escape the effects of the on-rushing current. She too was 
 ~ aroused and awakened to effort. And again, here as elsewhere, the women 
 - took the initiative and organized f6r battle. This time it was the women who 
 were to do the fighting as well as the praying and the weeping. 
 
 The fight which was tlien begun so many years ago is still on. The 
 heroic creed which had been the impulse to action in the past has ever been 
 their inspiration and incentive, for again and again, many times repeated, have 
 they fiung defiance to the foe with the war cry, . ... . ., . 
 
 ., . ..;;; "For right is right, since God is God, r^-'.^; .' ' ^Vv .. ;.; 
 
 ' i,;.- ' , ' And right the day must win." 
 
 And so that great organization known throughout the civilized world as the 
 Woman's Christian Temperance Union sprang into being. 
 
 The following account of the work in this county was written by Mrs. B. 
 F. Arnold of Galesburg and we insert it w^ithout change. Mrs. Arnold has 
 been associated with the movement from the beginning, and acted as president 
 of the Galesburg union for fourteen years, and is therefore better fitted than 
 anyone else to write of its history and work. 
 
 The Woman's Christian Temperance Union of Galesburg was the outgrowth 
 of a society organized by the women under the name of The Women's Union 
 
516 HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY ::"' 
 
 Temperance Society. The first meeting was held on the 2Oth of February, 1874, 
 and the organization of the society was completed March i6th. On the first 
 board of officers were the following : President, Mrs. M. Waite ; Vice-president, 
 Mrs. J. H. Sherman; Rec. Secretary, Mrs. H. S. Kurd; Cor. Secretary, Mrs. 
 J. H. Little; Treasurer, Mrs. Job. Swift. 
 
 The great temperance crusade in Ohio had recently sprung into being and 
 the success of the active campaign against intemperance and the saloon inspired 
 the women to follow in their footsteps. ;..;'=:x.. 
 
 The record book shows the names of 112 of the most prominent women of 
 the city as charter members. In 1875 the society voted to become auxiliary to 
 the state W. C. T. U. In this year the use of a store room on South Prairie 
 street was given by Mr. Sheldon Allen for twenty-five years, the society paying 
 all taxes and assessments. For twenty-three years this was headquarters for 
 the society and the rooms were the rallying point for all kinds of reform work. 
 
 The rooms were also used by the Woman's Christian Association and for 
 several years a morning prayer meeting was held every morning at nine o'clock. 
 The prayers which ascended from these rooms surely were heard and answered 
 in later years when the licensed saloons were voted out of the city. These coffee : . 
 
 rooms were the scene of much good work along temperance lines. Lunches /f; 
 
 and dinners could be had at all times, and all regular meetings were held here. ^; - , 
 A lady in charge was always ready to give help and advice to those who sought ].':' .'.- 
 her counsel. v -^^ V' 
 
 It is of interest to know the names of some of the good women who have j' 
 
 passed on to their reward, but whose good works live after them. In addition >;'; 
 to the first officers already recorded, the name of Mary Allen West stands pre- :-;:?.. 
 eminent, ably sustained by Mrs. J. V. N. Standish, Mrs. Warren Willard, Mrs. ';';:'.:. 
 Clement Leach, Mrs. S. H. Ferris, Mrs. O. T. Johnson, Mrs. Geo. Dieterich, >;'' V V 
 Mrs. A. Hyde, Mrs. Geo. Holyoke, Mrs. Hamblin and others. ;.'; ; : ; 
 
 In 1875 the Second Annual meeting of the State W. C. T. U. was held in v'^^'/ > : 
 Galesburg presided over by Mrs. Jennie Fowler Willing. . ,. .| :,.- r'-^'- ,-.' 
 
 Some of the departments in which the union has done especially good work ':./',.'. 
 are the following: :-'.-' 
 
 A band of Hope of several hundred members was organized among the chil- _' jr;--. 
 dren of the city, and many of the men of today give credit by their staunch /i ;''. 
 temperance principles to the instructions received from Mary Allen West, Mrs. >.l'.--. ;;' 
 Geo. T. Holyoke and Miss Jenney. '?.:';;; 
 
 A Girls' Temperance union ably assisted by young men was the center of '''-'' 
 many instructive and enjoyable occasions where the leadership of Miss Mary 
 Hazzard stood pre-eminent. In later years Miss Hazzard was president of the 
 County W. C. T. U. 
 
 An Employment Bureau furnished help for many homes and homes for many 
 workers, ably managed by Mrs. E. N. Lovejoy. 
 
 Mothers' meetings have always been a feature of the work of the Woman's 
 Christian Temperance Union, and have been carried on with great success in 
 later years by courtesy being held in the Free Kindergarten building. Those ', 
 
 who attend are working women who have small time for enjoyment, and many 
 cares. An instructive program is given and suitable refreshments served by 
 committees from different churches. -. : .: v '... 
 
. ;' u HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY V/ :' 517 
 
 The department of work among the soldiers and sailors has been exception- 
 ally well conducted by Miss Catherine Long. Clippings and short interesting 
 articles in envelopes are sent to hospitals and army camps and are circulated by 
 nurses and chaplains. Hundreds of envelopes and comfort bags are prepared 
 and sent every year. 
 
 In the year 1901 the 28th Annual Meeting of the state was held in Gales- 
 burg. At this meeting Mrs. Louise S. Rounds presided and laid down the gavel 
 after nineteen years of service as state president. Miss Marie C. Brehm was 
 her successor. . ; ' 
 
 In December, 1892, the world was called to mourn the passing on of Miss 
 Mary Allen West and her body was brought from far Japan to be laid by the 
 side of loved ones in Hope cemetery. The union conducted the services which 
 were attended by representatives from Chicago, Peoria, Monmouth and other 
 cities. It was said of her that "The state has produced no other woman who 
 has rendered it such signal service." 
 
 By courtesy of the city editors the press department has supplied our daily 
 papers with a part column of notices, communications and short items of interest 
 along temperance lines, which has been appreciated by all interested in the cause. 
 
 The temperance rooms were given up in 1901 on account of changed condi- 
 tions, and many other good reasons, and a room in Central church was occupied 
 for seven years. Since 1907 the union has met in the Baptist church. Sixteen 
 departments of work are being carried on by different committees. 
 
 In 1911 the Galesburg union was the largest in the state, having 268 mem- 
 bers. 
 
 Other unions in the county are Abingdon, Knoxville, Wataga, Rio, Delong 
 and East Galesburg, and the enrolled membership is nearly five hundred. 
 
 The Woman's Christian Temperance Union has demonstrated its right to 
 live by the work which it has done, and as the handmaid of the church will con- 
 tinue to do "For God and Home and Every Land." 
 
 ' Following close upon the footsteps of the great temperance reform move- 
 ment there came to the front that still greater organization of women, "the. 
 largest charitable organization in the world'', the I'Voman's Relief Corps. And 
 here again we leave it to the pen of one who, by close personal connection with 
 it, is better fitted than ourselves to tell of its work. 
 
 Mrs. R. E. McCullough, who was one of the founders of the Woman's Re- 
 lief Corps of Galesburg in 1888, and who was its president for the first three 
 years, has kindly given us the following sketch of its history which we quote as 
 a whole. 
 
 - ..'^- "/:;:,. rV-;., THE WOMAN'S RELIEF CORPS ' ,::^:;^ 
 '- 
 
 .' '^ 
 
 The first organization of the Woman's Relief Corps, Auxiliary to the Grand 
 Army of the Republic, was formed in Fitchburg, Massachusetts in 1879, since 
 which time it has grown to be the largest charitable organization in the world. 
 Its special objects are to render to the veterans of the civil war and their de- 
 pendent ones, aid and comfort in sickness and distress, and perpetuate the 
 memory of their heroic dead in the sacred observance of Memorial day. 
 
 The order reaches almost every state in the union. Illinois stands third 
 in membership and influence, and last year she expended $8,872 in relief alone. 
 
518 HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY 
 
 .. Knox county has but two corps, G. W. Trafton Corps of Knoxville, or- 
 ganized in 1907, now has seventy-five members with $40 expended for relief 
 last year. Jas. T. Shields Woman's Relief Corps No. 121, Auxiliary to Post 
 45, G. A. R. of Galesburg, was organized in August, 1888, and ^t present has one 
 hundred and seventy-seven members. 
 
 Corps committees visit the poor and sick, carrying them fruit and flowers 
 and in case of need supply them with food and clothing. For 1911 Corps No. 
 121 expended for relief $43.20, in fruit, and flowers $73.56. Outside of regular 
 relief work the corps has given $50 to the Visiting Nurse Association, $20 to 
 the Galesburg hospital, besides smaller contributions to other charities of the 
 city. 
 
 Along patriotic lines the corps has been active. In 1909 with appropriate 
 exercises, we placed two large flags in our public schools, and the following 
 year sent a large flag to float over the old home of Illinois' beloved son, Abra- 
 ham Lincoln. In 1911 we presented a life size portrait of Lincoln to the Lin- 
 coln Debating club of the Galesburg high school. Several years ago the mem- 
 bers of Corps No. 121 conceived the idea of erecting a soldiers' monument to 
 the memory of deceased soldiers of this community. Finally after months of 
 persistent hard work, faithfully assisted by the members of Post 45, their efforts 
 were crowned with success. In 1896 the monument standing at the northeast 
 corner of Hope cemetery was dedicated. 
 
 Mary A. Bickerdyke, the much loved army nurse, died in Kansas in Novem- 
 ber, 1901, her remains were brought to Galesburg, her former home for inter- 
 ment in the family burial lot in Linwood cemetery. At once Corps 121 became 
 active and with the generous assistance of posts and corps throughout the state 
 were enable to erect the substantial monument that marks her last resting place. 
 Not content with this, the following spring after Mother Bickerdyke's death, 
 a number of ladies from the Woman's Relief Corps formed and incorporated an 
 association to be known as the "Mother Bickerdyke Memorial Association", its 
 purpose and aim to erect a suitable testimonial to this beloved woman. After 
 much time and thought had been expended, the association with the valuable 
 assistance of Honorables Leon A. Townsend and Wilfred Arnold secured an ap- 
 propriation of $5,000 from the state, and today the beautiful statue of Mother 
 Bickerdyke, holding the cup of cold water to the dying soldier's lips, graces 
 the Court House park of this city. The dedication took place during Encamp- 
 ment 'week. May 22nd, 1906, and was attended by eight thousand veterans, vis- 
 itors and citizens. Governor Yates honored the association with his presence 
 and delivered the address of the day. 
 
 The motto of the Woman's Relief Corps is Fraternity, Charity and Loyalty, 
 and its religion, "To do unto others as ye would that others do unto you." 
 
 Two years after the organization of the Woman's Relief Corps, the movement 
 was inaugurated which resulted in the establishment of "The Galesburg Free 
 Kindergarten Association", which has since developed into "The Knox County 
 Free Kindergarten Association," one of the most notable philanthropic organiza- 
 tions in our county. : 
 
 Once more we give space to another to speak of this great institution, the. 
 one best qualified of all the women of the county, because of her intimate re- 
 
^-:V : ' HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY 4; 619 
 
 -' " ' . . } '-:.'. 
 
 lation to its work, she having served as its president during the entire period of 
 its existence, or since 1890, Mrs. Mary Claycomb Grubb. 
 
 We have the more gladly yielded the space to Mrs. Arnold, Mrs. McCul- 
 lough and Mrs. Grubb because of our desire that the three great philanthropic 
 organizations which they represent should receive the full measure of justice 
 which could only be given them by these noble women whose very existence and 
 most earnest endeavor have been wrought into their history. 
 
 In the fall of 1890, Miss M. Evelyn Strong, who founded and was for many 
 years principal of the Galesburg Kindergarten Normal, inaugurated a movement 
 to establish a free kindergarten for the children of the poor of Galesburg. 
 
 As an initiative to* this undertaking Miss Strong called upon the pastors of 
 the different churches of the city to preach, each one on the same Sabbath mom- 
 ing, a sermon on "Free Kindergartens and Their Advantages." At the same 
 time she asked each of the pastors to give her the names of three ladies of his con- 
 gregation whom she might invite to a conference with her in regard to her 
 project. The sermons were preached and in August or September of that year, 
 1890, a large number of ladies met in the parlors of the Kindergarten Normal 
 for the proposed conference. . ;: 
 
 Miss Strong was the leading spirit of the meeting and associated with her 
 and ably abetting her efforts was Miss Alice Chapin, Miss Strong's great friend 
 and at one time instructor. 
 
 The records of the first two or three years were unfortunately lost and many 
 of the details of that period are largely a matter of memory. We do not forget, 
 however, that this was distinctively a woman's movement and has always re- 
 mained so. Gentlemen have given generously both of money and helpful advice. 
 In fact, their support has contributed largely to the success of this charity, but 
 while they may become honorary members of the association, they do not have 
 a vote in its proceedings. The leading ladies of Galesburg took an active inter- 
 est in establishing this, up to that time, new sort of charitable work in this 
 city and it has always commanded the loyal support of all classes. 
 
 At the second meeting a constitution and by-laws were adopted and perma- 
 nent officers were elected as follows: Mrs. Mary Claycomb Grubb, president; 
 Mrs. O. F. Price, vice-president; Mrs. Helena Crummett Lee, secretary; Mrs. 
 Grace Fahnestock, treasurer. 
 
 The organization was named "The Galesburg Free Kindergarten Association," 
 the purpose for which it was created being, as stated in the preamble of its con- 
 stitution, "to maintain one or more free kindergartens in the city of Galesburg." 
 
 Three permanent committees were established, one on finances, one on lunches, 
 and one on visiting, each of these committees being composed of one lady from 
 each of the churches represented in the association, this charity being undertaken 
 and directed by the churches. 
 
 Other standing committees have been created from time to time, such as the 
 house committee, the children's committee, the employment committee, purchas- 
 ing committee, and committee on menus. .' 
 
 It was on the lower floor of the south side of the building, formerly used for 
 city offices, known as the fire proof building (this building has since given place to 
 a very ornate city hall), on October 6, 1890, that the doors of this new institution 
 
520 HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY j 
 
 were opened with twenty-five children in attendance, and two teachers, Miss 
 Mary Hazzard and Miss Mary Owen in charge, both graduates of Miss Strong's 
 Kindergarten Normal. It was a very modest beginning, and attracted so little 
 public attention at that time that the city papers of that date contain no mention 
 of the event. 
 
 Miss Owen was a young woman of the negro race and did efficient work as 
 assistant kindergartner until 1896, when she resigned and Miss Emma Chase 
 of Binghampton, New York, was chosen to fill the vacancy. 
 
 Miss Hazzard held the position as principal of the school until her death. 
 May 3ist, 1904, and up to that date the success of the undertaking was largely 
 due to her efficiency. ' . ; ' 
 
 In 1893, increased city business caused a demand for the rooms the school 
 was then occupying and the association bought from G. N. Hamilton the Cottage 
 Hotel situated on Cherry street, which the city council moved to the southeast 
 corner of the land then used as the city market, giving us a lease of the land, 
 and the work was continued at this place. 
 
 In the meantime it was discovered that these children needed more than 
 one lunch a week. They needed a home, clothing, mothering and one after an- 
 other came for this kind of care until the home became one of the important 
 features of this charity. The demands became so great that in 1903, it became 
 evident that it would be necessary to provide a new building to admit of further 
 growth or even to continue the home and kindergarten. 
 
 Many friends rallied to this rather daring project. Mr. and Mrs. George 
 A. Lawrence headed the list of the subscription with a gift of one thousand 
 dollars for themselves and four hundred dollars in the names of their three 
 children, Parke, Louise and Rebecca. Mr. Grant Beadle generously offered his 
 services as an architect, and also as supervisor of, the erection of the structure 
 and one morning in June a large number of ladies started out from the old build- 
 ing on Simmons street to canvass for pledges to pay for the new building. At 
 the close of that sweet June day there was enough money in sight to make 
 success assured. 
 
 The new building, erected at a cost of $10,000, stands at the corner of Sim- 
 mons and Cedar streets and bears upon its corner stone the inscription "The M. 
 Evelyn Strong Free Kindergarten, founded 1890." Before breaking ground for 
 the erection of this building, the city council placed in the hands of the members 
 of the association a ninety-nine year lease of the south half of the old market 
 place and later included in this lease the north half also. 
 
 Few realized when the free kindergarten was opened, the growth which this 
 charity was destined to make nor could any one foresee the good will and the 
 consequent outpouring of money and supplies which it would win from the 
 people of Galesburg and Knox cpunty. It has been the recipient of favors and 
 gifts from all classes of our people. Rich and poor, church members and non- 
 church members send here money, food, clothing, or give other service. In 1903 
 the city council voted an appropriation of $75 a month, but this has since been 
 reduced to $500 a year. In 1907, the board of supervisors made an appropriation 
 of $50 a month to this work, the same being afterwards increased to $75. Since 
 this recognition by the board of supervisors, the association has been known as 
 "The Knox County Free Kindergarten Association." ,, .. 
 
""^^'' HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY ' 521 
 
 Our endowment fund was started in 1897, when Mr. and Mrs. George A. 
 Lawrence gave a generous sum for this fund to be known as "The Parke and 
 Louise Lawrence Fund." This has been increased from year to year by other 
 gifts by these friends and by several legacies and now amounts to $4,500. 
 
 The expenses incurred in maintaining this charity are two kinds. The one, 
 which consists of the salaries paid our house staflf, is almost a fixed amount. The 
 other item of expense is the cost of maintaining the home and varies from time 
 to time according to the size of the family and other conditions. The average 
 cost, including salaries and every other sort of expense for the year ending May 
 1st, 1911, was sixty-three cents per day for each child. The money to meet 
 these expenses has come to us from voluntary contributions of friends, personal 
 appeals made to our churches and entertainments of different kinds. In August, 
 
 1904, an open air performance of "As You Like It" under the direction of Mrs. 
 E. S. Gunnell and Mr. Lou Maddox put $1,621.25 into our treasury. In October, 
 
 1905, "The Baby Carnival" netted $1,587.87, and the entertainments of "Home 
 Coming Week" brought $i,ooo and three tag days were very profitable. The 
 association has been able to pay for the new building and to meet all other indebt- 
 
 , edness, a fact which is highly complimentary to the citizens of Galesburg and 
 
 , Knox county. 
 
 Since 1903, the county children who have needed a home have been sent to 
 the free kindergarten home instead of the almshouse. In this way has one county 
 
 . of our state solved the question of caring for such children, and it certainly is 
 better than the old way of doing that work, if not the best. 
 
 Since February, 1894, the building under the management of the W. C. T. U, 
 has been opened one evening of each month for a mother's meeting of the 
 
 ' poor. ^ ;>' - ,VV; 
 
 The Dorcas Society, a charitable organization of long standing, was merged 
 into the association in 1897, and the home became a sort of center for all 
 charities. 
 
 It has already been stated that this is now a Knox county as well as in a very 
 special sense a Galesburg charity. It has friends and supporters in all parts 
 of the county. The ladies of Altona and Oneida have organized a branch asso- 
 ciation which has a strong membership and which is a source of inestimable 
 help to the home. 
 
 We cannot give the number of children who have received care and training 
 at the kindergarten home since its opening, now more than twenty-one years 
 ago. For a number of years an average of a hundred children have lived here 
 
 , for some part of the year and many of them for the entire twelve months. Dur- 
 ing the year ending May ist, 1911, 104 children were in the home, the average 
 time for each child being about two and one-half months. Since September, 
 1911, the average per month has been above thirty and the number of different 
 children who have come under the influence of the home since 1896 is over five 
 hundred. No one can say how strong an element this has been in 'the lives 
 of these otherwise neglected children, to make them useful men and women. No 
 
 : one can estimate, on the other hand, the uplift towards the higher and nobler 
 
 life it has given this community to do this work. We can almost say that there 
 
 ^ has been no step backward in the now twenty-one years of the existence of this 
 
; 522 . HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY 
 
 charity and we are ready to announce that the "Knox County Children's Home 
 and Free Kindergarten" is now a permanent institution, here to stay. 
 
 And now we have come to the period of intellectual unrest, the aspiration 
 and out-reach for higher ideals and a broader culture, which resulted in the 
 organization one by one of the literary clubs and other culture clubs which are 
 justly and pardonably the pride of the women of this county. By reason of 
 these organizations our county may, without question, be rated as one of the 
 leading literary centers of the state. In Galesburg alone there are eighteen ex- 
 clusively literary clubs with a membership of upwards of nine hundred, while in 
 Oneida, Maquon and Abingdon the proportion in relation to the population is 
 scarcely less. 
 
 In the three philanthropic and patriotic societies of Galesburg the member- 
 ship is between five hundred and six hundred, making nearly fifteen hundred 
 in all. 
 
 . With a desire to give full credit to all the' clubs throughout the county, the 
 
 : writer sent out letters of inquiry to women whose names she knew, or could 
 secure, in every township in the county, followed in some cases by a second letter, 
 asking for information regarding the organized work of women in that particu- 
 lar locality, whether of a literary, philanthropic, patriotic or beneficent character. 
 Only Oneida, Maquon, Abingdon, Wataga and Ontario replied to the letter, and 
 only Maquon and Wataga replied with information. 
 
 The information regarding the Oneida clubs is gathered from printed matter 
 
 at hand. There is known to be a club in Abingdon but we have no information 
 
 regarding it. Possibly there are others in the county. It is a matter of regret 
 
 . to omit any of them in this summary of woman's work in the county, but the 
 
 writer must be pardoned for so doing after making all due effort to secure the 
 
 ; desired information. 
 
 The clubs of Oneida, Maquon and Abingdon are thoroughly organized and 
 active. ' r 
 
 Wataga combines the club idea to some extent with the earnest^ united work 
 
 of the women of the Congregational church. And it may be said once for all, 
 
 and in regard to all, that the splendid efforts of the women's societies in all the 
 
 . churches throughout the county in their many lines of work deserve to be con- 
 
 : sidered as one of the most important factors in the all around development of 
 
 these women. 
 
 It was in 1890 that the club idea began to be developed in earnest in this 
 
 county. In the twenty-two years which have elapsed since then the movement 
 
 has grown, until at the present writing there are known to be thirty-five women's 
 
 organizations with an approximate membership of two thousand. This includes 
 
 - the patriotic and philanthropic as well as the literary organizations. We give 
 
 below, as nearly as could be ascertained, a list of the clubs of the county with 
 
 . date of organization and lines of study. ;;: 
 
 ; . ' ' THE WOMEN'S CLUBS OF GALESBURG. 
 
 . : The Hawthorne Club, organized in the autumn of 1890, membership limited 
 7 to twenty-five. Object of the club, the study of history and literature, not 
 
-^;- -^ ;v HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY ': 528 
 
 neglecting, however, social and philanthropic lines of work. The topics studied 
 during the twenty-two years of the club's existence cover a broad range of 
 research in the fields of history, literature, art, miscellany, sociology, civic im- 
 provement, the old testament and the drama. 
 
 The Galesburg Fortnightly Qub was formally organized about one year later 
 than the Hawthorne Club, and yet there are reasons for considering it the ante- 
 cedent of all the literary clubs of the city. It was the direct outgrowth and de- 
 velopment of a reading circle which had met regularly for a number of years 
 previously with Mrs. J. V. N. Standish, who invited a select circle of ladies to 
 come to her home to read and discuss literature and art, giving especial attention 
 to the latter subject. In the study of art Mrs. Standish was exceptionally well 
 fitted to guide them because of her rich stores of information, and the many 
 pictures illustrative of the study which she had brought home from her frequent 
 visits abroad. 
 
 After enjoying these entirely informal gatherings for a number of years, the 
 ladies decided to organize themselves into a club and chose the name, "The 
 Galesburg Fortnightly Club," Mrs. Standish and many of those who had at some 
 time belonged to her reading circle being among the charter members. The mem- 
 bership is limited to twenty and in its list college circles, from both of our col- 
 leges, are largely represented, while all of the members are women of high aims, 
 and earnest purpose. ;: .'' 
 
 The club was organized for purely literary purposes and it has held steadily -' 
 to its original intention. 
 
 Its program is usually a heavy one and its members take pride in the fact 
 that never since its organization has a duty been assigned to any of them that 
 has not been performed, either by herself, or by a substitute whom she has her- 
 self secured. Its range of topics for study has almost encircled the globe, and 
 includes the history and the intellectual and moral development, in all their varied 
 forms of expression, of the different countries considered. Two years were spent 
 in the study of Hebrew history and literature as found in the old testament. 
 
 A strong bond of sympathy exists among its members and they are thoroughly 
 loyal to each other and to the interests of the club. In common with other clubs, 
 they contribute to the special objects which appeal to the sympathies of the women 
 of the city, such as the Visiting Nurse Association and the like. 
 
 Rotation in office is the principle on which the club's officers are chosen, and ( 
 by virtue of this arrangement, each member at some time holds every office in the / 
 gift of the club. ^ 
 
 The Mosaic Qub was organized in 1893 ^^^ was in a sense the child of the 
 Hawthorne Qub. It was started for the purpose of giving the daughters and 
 younger sisters of the members of that club the same opportunity for study and 
 culture which they themselves enjoyed. The Mosaic Club was organized with 
 a membership of sixteen. Its course of study is much the same as that of the 
 Hawthorne Club. It now has a membership of twenty- four, with five associate ; 
 members. -:' : ; ' 
 
 The Oliver Wendell Holmes Qub had its origin in 1893 ^"d was named in 
 honor of the genial "autocrat of the breakfast table," who was at that time - 
 living, the last one of the famous "Cambridge group." ; 
 
' HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY 
 
 "' Beginning as an informal afternoon reading circle, the club has steadily in- 
 : . creased in members and interest, and improved in methods of study until now it 
 ; ; is a thoroughly organized and up-to-date literary club, its purposes and objects 
 
 being much the same as those of the clubs previously sketched. 
 
 The charter members of this club enjoy the distinction of having each re- 
 ceived a card bearing the autograph signature of the poet whose name they 
 .adopted. They wrote him at the beginning stating that they had organized a 
 "^ club and had named it for him, and in reply he sent them his autographs. 
 
 This club has been a member of the Illinois State Federation of Women's 
 .. Clubs for fifteen years and has sent two delegates to every state convention dur- 
 : ing that time. It is one of the two federated clubs which united in inviting the 
 ' State Federation to meet in Galesburg in 1911. 
 
 The Clio Club owes its existence to the suggestion of the daughter, of one of 
 
 : the charter members, followed by the prompt and enthusiastic action of the 
 
 -; mother, Mrs. J. H. Edgerton. She invited a number of ladies to her home for 
 
 , the purpose of forming themselves into a club for sociability, reading and general 
 
 improvement. Mrs. Edgerton therefore has the honor of having been the 
 
 V founder of the Clio Club. As one of the members expressed it, Mrs. Edgerton 
 
 ., "soon had a list interested women who were glad to embrace an opportunity, 
 
 ;: . the road to which had been made so enticing and yet so easy. Everything must 
 
 be as simple as possible. No printed programs were to be used as that would 
 
 r ; be too formal. We were to meet, bring our work, have a few words with our 
 
 . neighbors and depart, having spent a delightful afternoon." : 
 
 Mrs. A. J. Perry, the wife of the editor of this Knox County History, who 
 
 was its first vice-president, is the only charter member who has kept her active 
 
 ~;- membership continuously from the beginning. 
 
 Mrs. Edgar L. Larkin was the first president. Upon her removal from the 
 
 city Mrs. A. J. Perry succeeded her as president, and she is the only member 
 
 . of the club to hold that office for a number of terms successively, her period of 
 
 '; .service extending for so long a time that she finally insisted upon sharing the 
 
 honor with other members. 
 
 The club was organized in October, 1894, with a charter membership of four- 
 
 - - teen, which has since been increased to eighteen, as the limit. The first regular 
 
 meeting was held at the home of Mrs. Perry. The study of the history of Egypt 
 
 was the course adopted for the beginning of their work. 
 
 A description of the lines of study which followed this is so pleasing that I 
 
 ; quote it as given by the pen of one of the members of the club. 
 . : "Our course of study after leaving Egypt was first to England, the mother 
 
 country, thence to Spain, the home of the toreador, through Germany and France 
 . ' with their masters in music, art and literature. Then with our forefathers we 
 , ; came to our own beloved America and tried to 'see ourselves as others see us.' 
 .': Mexico in her long struggle for freedom stirred our sympathies. Norway, 
 / Sweden and plucky little Holland each claimed her turn and each was full of 
 , :-; interest. 
 
 "The interest of the Clio Cub has not been confined to history or club work 
 
 alone, a number of charities having felt our interest in a quiet, but substantial 
 
 way. This year we turn our attention to the study of China." 
 
, -v;;: HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY > 525 
 
 The Tourist Club was organized in 1895. As its name indicates, its primary 
 aim was to study cities and countries which would lure the traveler to visit them, 
 as also their various points of interest. But the course of study has since devel- 
 oped into a general study of history, literature and art. The topic for this year 
 is "A Literary Pilgrimage." '.;; 
 
 "Mrs. J. V. N. Standish was from the first an honorary member, which posi- 
 tion she held until her recent journey to the unknown country. When it was 
 possible for her to attend the meetings her presence was an inspiration as she 
 could from her own rich experience impart much." 
 
 The present membership is twenty. .'. 
 
 The Home Culture Club is a monument to the memory of Mrs. Mary Arnold 
 Williams, the wife of the late Edwin N. Williams. Its membership is confined 
 to those living north of Mary street between Seminary and Cedar streets. Mrs. 
 Williams' own pretty new home was in this "neighborhood of scattered homes 
 and little acquaintance." The motives which prompted her to the establishment 
 of the club were the following, as expressed by another: "She conceived the 
 idea of bringing the women of the neighborhood together by mutual helpfulness 
 in the betterment of their homes, and also to promote acquaintance. Their 
 present needs were thought of while a far insight of the future entered into 
 her plans. 
 
 "After having spent much of her time previously for six months working out 
 plans for it, early in the autumn of 1899 Mrs. Williams called upon, or sent a 
 note to, all the women of this north end district telling them of her plan to 
 organize a neighborhood club. The first meeting was held upon the invitation of 
 Mrs. Williams at her own home far out on North Cherry street. It proved to be 
 a most interesting and impressive occasion. Probably each one who attended has 
 never forgotten it. The founder and leader lent to this and to several succeed- 
 ing meetings her own inimitable inspiration a spirit which was caught by the 
 charter members and passed on, and then taken up and understood most sur- 
 prisingly by the new members who came in from time to time." 
 
 An incidental remark by one of the ladies referring to the gathering as "this 
 home culture club" fixed the permanent name for the club, for thereupon Mrs. 
 Williams said : "That is the name for the club. We could find no better." And 
 so the club was named. 
 
 Very soon, because of rapidly failing health, Mrs. Williams was unable to 
 attend the meetings but it was her great desire that they should go on regularly, 
 and she constantly sent messages to the meetings. Only a few days before her 
 death, which occurred in May, she said to a member, "You will always have the 
 Home Culture Club." 
 
 As its name indicates, it has always kept in touch with everything that affects 
 the well-being of the home, and which may be included under the general subject 
 of home economics. It is also interested in domestic science in the public schools 
 and contributed to the establishment of that department in our high school. It 
 keeps in touch with the teachers of the city, especially with those of the Hitch- 
 cock school, where the children of the club members attend. It lends a hand 
 in the line of civic improvement, and, in short, it is interested in all lines of work 
 which directly or indirectly affect the home. 
 
V. ; HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY 
 
 ..V Of the twenty-six active members, eight are of the original charter members. 
 , - ': The Sorosis Cub, which was organized in February, 1900, owes its founda- 
 
 ; : tion largely to a desire for more aggressive work than the other clubs were doing 
 ; along philanthropic lines, and for a more democratic spirit in connection with the 
 .' ; usual literary culture incident to club work. 
 
 : . Mrs. Dr. D. C. Coulson, now of Denver, was the moving spirit in the found- 
 
 .- > ing of the Galesburg Sorosis. She felt that the literary clubs in general were 
 ' V too exclusive in their policy, and that greater democracy of spirit should prevail 
 
 :'; ; in women's organizations. She made this one of the foundation principles of the 
 
 '; new club with whose policy she had so much to do. Its aims are philanthropic, 
 .J ;; : economic, benevolent and public spirited, as well as literary. It contributes to 
 r the various local causes included under these heads for which an appeal to the 
 
 ;..^ public is made, such as the department of domestic science in the public schools, 
 :. V the Visiting Nurse Association and the like. 
 
 , The Sorosis and the Oliver Wendell Holmes clubs are the two federated 
 , ^_\ > clubs of the city which united in extending an invitation to the State Federation 
 
 ? .; to meet in Galesburg in the autumn of 1911, thus giving our city the honor and 
 ' ;' the pleasure of being hostess to the women's clubs of the state. 
 ^ , The Sorosis has forty-six active members, five associate and eighteen hon- 
 orary members. 
 
 The Round Table Club. As has been the case with a number of the other 
 
 ;: ; clubs of the city, the Round Table Club was inaugurated as an informal reading 
 
 circle, but after a time with increase of membership and growing interest it felt 
 
 '. y the need of a more formal organization. Its first meetings were held in 1900 
 
 .- and some months afterward a constitution was adopted in which the objects of 
 
 ; the club were stated to be "social, literary and civic improvement and a sys- 
 
 /. , tematic course of study as planned for each year." Mrs. Ellen Felt Wood was 
 
 . the organizer and first president of the club. It has a present membership of 
 
 4 ;- twenty-two. 
 
 ; St. Joseph's Alumnae Literary Association. Some twenty years ago at the 
 
 ; suggestion and advice of Sister Mary Matthew, the beloved and late lamented 
 
 .: foundress of St. Joseph's Academy, the Alumnae were first organized as an 
 
 . ;' informal reading circle to strengthen and preserve the bond of friendship and 
 
 ... to promote the religious, social and intellectual culture of its members; and to 
 
 ; foster a philanthropic spirit. Mrs. Margaret Mullen Latterner was elected 
 
 ' ; :-, president. "Ben Hur" was the first study, meeting at the homes of the members. 
 
 , ' \ In April, 1895, "Mikado" was successfully given by the charter members and 
 
 ; .. some musical friends; with the proceeds, the Academy parlors were decorated 
 
 '^ ' and refurnished and the first Alumnae gold medal presented for the senior 
 
 ::- department. . , i /;; r 
 
 This association was active also in other directions. A surprise reunion of 
 
 ^ . - the alumnae was quietly planned by Mrs. Madge Maley Burns and Miss Mary 
 
 E. Maley for the purpose of properly celebrating the twenty-fifth anniversary of 
 
 ' Sister Mary Matthew, the foundress of the association. An offering was made 
 
 to Sister Matthew as being her silver jubilee. She graciously turned the offering 
 
 ; ;.; into the St. Joseph's improvement fund. 
 
 . . r Later in 1903 the society took on a somewhat broader sphere of action, the 
 .:. outgrowth of the thought and effort of Rev. Father Joseph Costa. Having 
 
:^U/ HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY ;:^: > 527 
 
 founded St. Joseph's academy in the early years of his connections with the 
 work of the Catholics in this city, his great desire was to enlist the interest of 
 the graduates of that institution in the maintenance of it, and in providing a 
 building and equipment suited not only to the present but also to future needs, 
 as its growth and the more exacting demands of modern life might require. 
 
 Accordingly, in 1903 he called a meeting of the St. Joseph's alumnae resident 
 in Galesburg and stated to them his plan and his desire for their hearty co- 
 operation. They became greatly interested and at once organized under the 
 above name. Father Doubleday of St. Patrick's church was also present and 
 aided in their plans for work, and they started out in their undertaking with 
 great enthusiasm. At first the word "literary" did not appear in their name, 
 for they had not as yet planned for other work than that for the purpose of 
 raising funds for the erection of the St. Joseph's alumnae hall of the future 
 when Father Costa's plan should be realized. Their enthusiasm for the up- 
 building of this fund was stimulated by a feeling of deep loj-alty to the institu- 
 tion which had, as they believed, exerted an ennobling and transforming influ- 
 ence upon their own lives, and by the desire that those who come after them 
 should enjoy the same influences and receive the same uplift as themselves. 
 
 They organized with thirty-three members and chose for their president Mrs. 
 Lizzie Slattery Minehan (Mrs. T. C.). They were so fortunate as to remain 
 under her wise and energetic command for three consecutive terms of the presi- 
 dential office. ' ' \ . - v; 
 
 At the close of the first year they held a bazaar which netted the society 
 about $800. With this fund, by the advice of Father Doubleday, they made 
 much needed repairs on their academy building and provided some of the more 
 modern conveniences. 
 
 In pursuance of a like policy, each year has seen not only the increase of 
 
 the fund for the building of the new hall, but also some substantial contribution 
 
 to the needs of the old building, beloved by them as the home of their alma mater, 
 
 such as reference books and apparatus for the department of science and the 
 
 Hke. :v ; 
 
 Four years after its organization, the society, under the administration of 
 Mrs. Mary Norton Scott (Mrs. John), decided to become a literary, as well as a 
 business club, and they have found the combination very delightful and helpful. 
 This new feature of their work did not diminish their enthusiasm and energy 
 in the pursuit of their objective, the hoped for alumnae hall. This fact was 
 made very apparent when, not long ago, the Republican Register offered a one 
 thousand dollar cash prize to the person or organization securing the largest 
 number of new subscribers to that paper within a stated time. The president of 
 the society, Mrs. Mary O'Conner Mackin (Mrs. James), ably assisted by Mrs. 
 Louise Slattery Lalor (Mrs. Wm.), took the matter up and by their skillful 
 management and personal efforts the prize was won and the handsome sum of 
 one thousand dollars was added to the alumnae hall fund. 
 
 For the past two years their literary work has been the study of Ireland and 
 the Irish people. The coming year Illinois will claim their attention. 
 Their membership is now upwards of one hundred and fifty. 
 
 The Author Qub is a society for Swedish ladies exclusively. It was organ- 
 ized in 1902 "for the purpose of making a systematic study of American and 
 
yrU 628 ^ HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY ; '. l.:- 
 
 .; . foreign writers and other subjects of common interest." It had for its first 
 president Miss Johannah C. Lind, a graduate of Knox college and a valued 
 teacher in our public schools. She was retained in the office of president until her 
 ' A removal from the city. 
 
 '-''!' This club has studied American and English writers, devoting one year to 
 
 the study of Shakespeare alone. For three consecutive years Germany, Sweden 
 
 : and the United States were studied and papers prepared on the geographical, 
 
 , . ' industrial and political conditions of these countries. Contemporary fiction has 
 
 : .' been read. The south and its problems, and also a few of the southern writers 
 
 : have been considered. The roll call at each meeting is also a means of becoming 
 
 > acquainted with authors, for the members respond to the call of their names 
 
 with a quotation from some author selected for the occasion. The club, in com- 
 
 . ; mon with other clubs in the city, contributes to worthy causes which appeal for 
 
 aid. For the past three years it has contributed to the Visiting Nurse Associa- 
 
 ' tion and other benevolences have been remembered. 
 
 ; \ At present the club has sixteen members, ::'.^^-' ''-" .:..- 1 -;;>' 
 
 , ; The Swedish Ladies' Benevolent Society, or as it is familiarly known, the 
 "S. L. B.," is just what its name indicates, purely a benevolent organization. 
 But in order to enlist and retain the interest of the members, the work is com- 
 bined with social features which make the. meetings very enjoyable. The ladies 
 spend a social afternoon together with their needle work, music or readings, after 
 : which light refreshments are served and each lady drops into the treasury an 
 ; offering, not less than a dime and on special occasions a larger sum, the amount 
 thus contributed being used as it accumulates, in the relief of some person or 
 object whose need appeals to them, as in case of illness or some special emer- 
 gency. They have met together in this way for twenty years. There are thirty- 
 ; , five members with two officers, a president and a secretary-treasurer. 
 :v The Galesburg Equal Suffrage Association was organized May 29th, 1907, 
 
 / . at the home of Congressman and Mrs. Geo. W. Prince, under the leadership of 
 , Dr. Frances Wood of Chicago. The original officers were Mrs. Lewis B. Fisher, 
 president; Mrs. H. V. Neal, vice-president; Mrs. Fred R. Jelliff, secretary; 
 Mrs. Geo. C. Lescher, treasurer. 
 
 ' The purpose of the organization is "to work for the complete political 
 
 equality of men and women." It is affiliated with the state association by pay- 
 ing annual dues to that treasury. It has sent delegates to the state conventions, 
 thus keeping in touch with the national and state work. 
 
 A number of noted speakers have addressed the citizens of Galesburg un- 
 der the auspices of this society, perhaps the most illustrious of whom is Miss 
 Jane Addams, of national, or we might truly say, of world-wide fame because 
 . of her wonderful influence and success in the "settlement work" in Chicago. 
 The Tuscarora club dates its beginning to February, 1908, when it came 
 into being with eleven charter members and announced its object to be "to 
 stimulate active interest in the development of individual and home life, to pro- 
 mote mutual helpfulness and to maintain a program of regular and prescribed 
 v^ study." 
 
 The greater number of the discussions hayfc been on literary topics although 
 arts and crafts have claimed the attention of We club to some extent. A very im- 
 portant and commendable feature of all their meetings and one which clubs in 
 
- ^^- -V HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY 629 
 
 general would do well to adopt, is a parliamentary law drill at the close of each 
 meeting. This is very helpful to those who have not been so fortunate as to 
 have had that sort of training as one of the factors of their earlier education. 
 
 The membership now numbers t\venty-one and the meetings are held every 
 two weeks from October to May. 
 
 The P. E. O. is a national organization which has the distinction of being* 
 the largest woman's secret organization in the world. It had its beginning in 
 the thought and effort of seven girls in Wesleyan University, Mount Pleasant, 
 Iowa, in 1869. For some years its chapters were found only in the middle west, 
 but now its organizations are scattered here and there, from New York and 
 Washington in the east to Los Angeles and San Francisco in the west, and frcmi 
 Vancouver, B. C., to Texas. 
 
 The P. E. O. has for its object three lofty ideals and aims toward which it 
 is striving: A high standard of womanhood; loyal friendship among its mem- 
 bers ; a helping hand in the education of young women who strive for self-support. 
 
 Chapter W of Galesburg was organized in March, 1909. Its membership 
 is restricted to twenty-four active resident members. The regular meetings are 
 held on the second and fourth Thursday of each month from October to May. 
 Some of the subjects taken up by Chapter W will suggest the lines of work in 
 which our local ladies are engaged, viz. : "Hospital Day." On this day the 
 women consider the needs of the Galesburg hospital, they sew for it, contribute 
 delicacies such as jellies, etc., and plan for the maintenance of the room which 
 they have furnished. "Children's Day", including a program given to the chil- 
 dren and a donation to the Free Kindergarten. "Mother's Day." A social aft- 
 ernoon with needle work, music and readings. Other lines of study include the 
 following: "What Women Can do to Improve Galesburg;" "The Founding of 
 Galesburg;" "Our College;" "Our Public Schools;" "Our Industries;" "The 
 Passion Play of 1910;" "Illinois, its Early History, Constitution, Public Officers, 
 Statesmen, Educators, Reformers and Philanthropists, Newspaper Men and 
 Women, Authors and Poets, Sculptors, Painters and Musicians." 
 
 The Wednesday club is composed of a select circle of ladies devoted to the 
 study of music and the drama. Every alternate Wednesday they meet at the 
 home of one of their number to engage in the study of some musical classic 
 either of the ancient or modem school. Being ladies of a high degree of musi- 
 cal and dramatic talent and culture themselves, they are exceptionally well fit- 
 ted to enjoy these afternoons with the great composers. 
 
 Dramatic art is given a place on their programs, for often their rendition 
 of a musical masterpiece is made more vivid and real by "suiting the action 
 to the word." In this particular they are especially fortunate in having of their 
 number one who is acknowledged to be a most talented and delightful exponent 
 and teacher of this form of expression. 
 
 They occasionally invite some one well versed in the subject which they are 
 about to study to come in and give them a lecture, or a lecture-recital, as for 
 example, when Prof. W. F. Bentley of the Knox Conservatory of Music gave 
 them a lecture on "Salome" illustrated by a recital of musical p>assages from 
 that opera ; and when Rev. David Fales addressed them at the beginning of the 
 present year's study on "The Making of an Opera." 
 
 ToL I M : . 
 
530 :; HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY ;-{ 
 
 The following list of subjects for "the year 1911-12 will give an idea of 
 the admirable work which these ladies are doing: 
 
 "The Music of Shakespeare and His Time." A lecture by Mr. Dyke Williams. 
 ; "Tristan and Isolde," Mrs. J. Grant Beadle. .. , .. .-.,.. .... .... 
 
 ' "Madam Butterfly," Mrs. Wilfred Arnold. S--''^----'-''!:'^}^-'l'^^ 
 
 '. "Faust," Mrs. Robert G. Chappell. ' '' ' ^ :: ^ ^r;: '//^ ^; 
 
 "The Jugglers of Notre Dame," Mrs. George L. Price. ,';,'. 
 
 "Mefistofele," Mrs. George H. Harrison. . .... .v-: ,> ; 
 
 -/ "Cendrillon," Mrs. Wm. G. D. Orr. . .:';-. :: ,.; ;i^^y<>f . "' 
 
 "Natoma," Mrs. Charles C. Craig. ' '."^ " -; > :^ A' v -~ '' 
 
 "Every Woman," Mrs. Emory S. Gunnell. ; . ' . ^^ ^= <:- ' ' 
 . "The Faun," Mrs. Judd Seacord. 
 
 "Selections from Operas," Mrs. William E. Phillips, Mrs. Dyke Williams. 
 
 "Faust" was given before an open meeting of the Galesburg Woman's Club 
 on March i6, 1912. Selections from the text of the opera were read by Mrs. 
 Anna Chappell Gunnell (Mrs. Emory S.) interspersed with arias and con-, 
 certed numbers from the score, given by Mrs. Robert G. Chappell, soprano; 
 Miss Alice May Carley, alto; Prof. W. F. Bentley, bass; Mr. W. B. Carlton, 
 tenor. 
 
 The Visiting Nurse association was the latest of the purely philanthropic 
 societies to be organized in Galesburg. It had its beginning in the spring of 
 1908, and its beneficent work is largely .the result of the untiring efforts of Mrs. 
 W. S. Purington, who originated the plan for such an association for Galesburg, 
 and with the aid of a number of earnest and able women pushed it to an as- 
 sured success. Mrs. Purington was its first president and continued in that 
 office until her removal to Des Moines, in the spring of 1911. It was organized 
 by women and its offices and management are held by women, a body of 
 eighteen constituting the directorate. It was fortunate for the association and 
 for our city that its first corps of directors was made up of such earnest, efficient 
 women as were those that started the enterprise. Men may become members 
 by paying their dues and by virtue of their membership are entitled to vote 
 for the directors. The association sustains a visiting nurse for the city and 
 is responsible for a nurse for the public schools, although the salary for the 
 school nurse is now met by an appropriation from the city school fund. The 
 salary of the city nurse is raised by contributions from the woman's clubs of 
 the city, and by individual gifts from those citizens and business men whose 
 sympathies go out toward this worthy object. It is a noteworthy fact that a 
 large proportion of the contributions, aside from those of the woman's clubs, 
 come from people of small or moderate means. 
 
 A loan closet is maintained, the supplies for which are provided by contri- 
 bution. 
 
 The women of this association have been fortunate in securing the services of 
 two very efficient trained nurses and their ministries to the sick, the suffering and 
 the destitute have become indispensable to our city. 
 
 The Thursday club is a study club which ^^eets on Thursday afternoon once 
 in two weeks. Its lines of work are the same'as those taken up by other purely 
 literary clubs, although they are considering^ffie advisability of taking up philan- 
 thropic work of some kind in addition to their literary pursuits. They have been 
 
 * 
 
'"" : : V - HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY 531 
 
 organized for about two years and find their meetings most enjoyable and 
 profitable. 
 
 Last year they studied Italian literature and art. The present year their 
 attention is given to the study of Greece. They have a membership of eighteen 
 young women, both married and unmarried, and their association together is 
 very congenial. 
 
 The Woman's Club of Galesburg is the youngest of the clubs in date of or- 
 ganization, having been started in the spring of 1911. It is modeled after the 
 pattern of the Woman's club in general, having different departments through 
 which the work is carried on. In this club there are three departments, those of 
 civics, the home and literature and art. The members may work in one, or in 
 all of these departments as they choose. 
 
 In charge of the civics department is Mrs. Jennie Grubb Fowler, with Mrs. 
 Louise M. Trask and Miss Minnedelle George as associates. . . 
 
 The home department is in charge of Mrs. Nellie C. Chamberlain, Mrs. Qara 
 C. Rhodes and Mrs. Frances H. Raub. 
 
 The department devoted to literature and art is under the supervision of Miss 
 Jessie R. Holmes, Mrs. Clara G. Rhodes and Mrs. Louise L. Roberts. 
 
 The club has an advisory board which includes the mayor of the city and 
 eleven others of the leading business and professional men of the community. 
 
 It is one of the three federated organizations in the city. Its program em- 
 braces studies in child conservation, amusements, commission form of govern- 
 ment, sanitation, nursing, child culture and historical and literary topics. 
 
 Standing committees are maintained on house, social, calendar, auditing, press 
 and election, with a special committee on music, and regularly appointed door- 
 keeper and ushers. 
 
 The membership now numbers 225 and it is constantly growing. Many of 
 its members are also members of the smaller and more exclusive clubs of the 
 city. Many of them also are members of the Galesburg Equal Suffrage associa- 
 tion. 
 
 \ '" "' ' "' ' ' '' '' ' ' ' W. A. R. M. A. ' .' ' '-'''-.. ,. ' 
 
 The Woman's Auxiliary to the Railway Mail association, though not one 
 of the largest nor oldest, is nevertheless one of the most helpful and successful 
 of the medium-sized, youthful woman's associations in the city. 
 
 Only ladies of the immediate families of railway mail service employees are 
 eligible to membership. 
 
 The object is the promoting of all the interests of the Railway Mail associa- 
 tion; also of the comfort, the social enjoyment and literary advancement of the 
 members of the families of railway postal clerks. v ; .: 
 
 The Galesburg branch was organized by the Burlington branch, at Mrs. 
 Young's home, Sept. 20, 1906, was federated, Nov. i6, 1906, with the Nat. W. 
 A. R. M. A., which became affiliated with The Federation of Woman's clubs, 
 January, 1908. 
 
 A civic interest and pride has^also been shown at various times by their en- 
 couragement and wiriingBess to assist worthy projects as hospitals, free kinder- 
 garten, visiting nurse, girls' club, mothers' congress, etc. 
 
632 :^ HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY 
 
 Under the wise guidance of Mrs. Slader, Mrs. Walker, Mrs. Golliday and the 
 . other faithful officers and active members, the club has more than realized its 
 object inspired by its motto, "Aiming at the Best." 
 
 Mrs. Chas. H. Bums is third division chairman of the National Cub Exten- 
 sion committee the United States being divided into fourteen divisions. 
 
 The Woman's Improvement club was organized in November, 1909, by Miss 
 Daisy Dean Walker of Indianapolis, who was at that time in charge of a pro- 
 tective home for girls of the negro race in her home town. The club is com- 
 posed of thirty women who are seeking self-improvement and literary culture. 
 It also engages in philanthropic work, while social features enter into the life 
 of the club to some extent. A special line of work is laid out for each year and 
 each member has a part assigned her. Much of the club's success is due to 
 Mrs. L. C. Carter, the first president, who worked hard at the beginning to insure 
 a good start to their undertaking. . .. ,_^v 
 
 This club has established a rest and reading room for the young men and 
 women of the negro race at No. 1 1 Public square, second floor. 
 
 They joined the State Federation of Negro Women's clubs in July, 1910, and 
 so have for two years been represented at the state federation meetings. Their 
 motto is "Loyalty," and they say "We are striving to lift as we climb." 
 
 The Daisy Dean Walker Culture club was also organized in November, 1909, 
 by Miss Daisy Dean Walker of Indianapolis, who a few days before had or- 
 ganized the Woman's Improvement club. This club is especially for the young 
 women and young married women and was started with a charter membership 
 of fourteen, and has had a most successful growth and development. The num- 
 ber of members is restricted to twenty with five associate members. 
 
 The club was formally organized at the home of Mrs. David Garnett, who 
 was chosen as the first president. They first took up the study of the negro 
 writers, both literary and musical. Later the attention of the club was turned 
 toward such books and plays as "The Clansman," "The Leopard's Spots" and 
 . "The Nigger." Each year a systematic course of study has been mapped out 
 which is carefully considered by the young women of the club. The subject for 
 the present year is "Modern Literature." j 
 
 The club has engaged in philanthropic work, and has regular guest days and 
 ..two open days as social features of its programs. 
 
 It is a member of the State Federation of Negro Women's clubs. 
 :/ The twenty-three organized associations in Galesburg, above reviewed, are 
 a credit to the city, for separately and collectively they are having an uplifting 
 influence upon the women who are sustaining them, as well as being a very 
 potent factor in creating a higher intellectual and moral standard in the com- 
 munity. ; ' ' . v;' 
 
 We may also speak with deep satisfaction and pride of other clubs located 
 in neighboring towns. 
 
 Probably not one of the individual clubs in Galesburg, aside from those of 
 a specifically philanthropic character, is doing better or more really effective 
 work than is that done by the Illini club of Maquon. It deserves honorable 
 mention because of its remarkable record during the she years of its history as 
 an organization. 
 
HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY 583 
 
 The mini club of Maquon was organized in November, 1905, and was largely 
 the outgrowth of the thought and effort of five ladies, Mrs. H. Woods, Mrs. C. 
 E. Hartsook, Miss Jennie McKinney, Miss Abbie Dickson and Mrs. Eva Chapin 
 Maple. .;;.:'''<;'. '-v' :?* v\' .- 
 
 The first intention was to have simply a literary club for study and mental 
 improvement, but gradually the avenues of thought and investigation have led 
 them out into the alluring fields of local and state history, political problems, 
 civic improvement, the history of other countries and the great national prob- 
 lems which engage the thought of statesmen and politicians. Bible study has 
 also entered into their programs through a prescribed course of three years. 
 
 As a relief from their heavier work, they have read with interest the historical 
 and semi-historical writings of Gilbert Parker, Emerson Hough, Mary Hartwell 
 Catherwood, Randall Parrish, Winston Churchill and Maurice Thompson. They 
 consider themselves especially fortunate in securing a little work of John Regan, 
 late of Elmwood, on the "Backwoods and Prairies" of Illinois, 1842-47. A list 
 of the topics considered by this club will in itself open to the view the broad 
 fields of education and intellectual culture through which these ladies have 
 strolled, gathering here and there rich stores of pleasure and information. 
 
 They were organized just at the beginning of a wider study of our own 
 state history, so the general subject "Illinois" was chosen for their first study, 
 and as Colonel Clark E. Carr's book "The Illini" was new, its title naturally 
 suggested a name for the new club, and accordingly it was christened "The 
 Illini." In the study of Illinois, they considered its settlement, landmarks, 
 traditions, early political policies, etc. 
 
 Local history next claimed their attention and as a natural result, the annual 
 "Home Coming" of the village was inaugurated by this club; and further re- 
 sults of this line of study were the issuing of souvenir editions of the local 
 papers containing bits of family and village history; and furthermore, they 
 became affiliated with the county and state historical societies. In their study of 
 local history much time was given to the investigation of Indian traditions, relics 
 and remains, in which that part of the county furnishes an especially rich field 
 for the explorer. 
 
 A most interesting paper, and also of great historical value prepared for 
 the Illini club by Miss Jennie McKenney, as a result of her study of this Indian 
 lore, was read before the Knox County Historical society and received much 
 appreciation and favorable comment. 
 
 The history of England and her dependencies was continued through two 
 years. 
 
 Current events, especially those of world-wide interest, have had a place 
 upon their programs from the beginning. 
 
 Other topics which have been considered by the club are the following: 
 "Public Policies Out Banking and Monetary Systems"; "Home Rule for Ire- 
 land"; "English Radicalism"; "Socialism as a Governmental Possibility"; "Pop- 
 ular vs. Representative Government" ; "The Hague Tribunal" ; "The Peace Con- 
 ference." At the request of County Superintendent W. F. Boyes, the "Illini" 
 was honored by an opM, discussion of educational matters with some of the 
 prominent educators of Jme state. 
 
 As another form of res many-sided efforts, this club laid the foundation for 
 
534 HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY 
 
 civic improvement in their town and secured a franchise for the development 
 and beautifying of two small parks on their main street, but the surveys for a 
 Galesburg-Peoria interurban railway put a stop to this work until something 
 definite was known. 
 
 The latest achievement of the club is the founding of a "Mother's club," 
 for the benefit of teachers and patrons, but the work is so recent that its value 
 as a factor in the community cannot yet be estimated. 
 
 The New Century club of Oneida has been in existence about ten years 
 and has a present membership of twenty-two. Soon after its organization it 
 became auxiliary to the State Federation of Woman's clubs. 
 
 Its aims and purposes and its programs of study are similar to those of other 
 clubs of its kind. The club flower is the carnation, its colors are pink and 
 green and its motto, "Hold fast to that which is good." 
 
 (We regret that we were unable to secure any information of a definite or 
 specific nature regarding this club.) 
 
 : The Twentieth Century club of Oneida has for its motto, "The aim if 
 reached, or not, makes great the life." Its programs include "discussions of 
 literary, household, historical and other topics." 
 
 (In the case of this club also, our information has been only of a general 
 character.) 
 
 The Society of Mayflower Descendants, of Galesburg, while not exclusively 
 a woman's organization, is indebted to a woman for its begfinning, and its mem- 
 bership is composed so largely of women, the proportion being more than 
 three-fourths, that it may rightfully claim a mention in this sketch of woman's 
 work in the county. More especially should it be included because of the fact 
 that on its membership list may be found the names of residents of Oneida, 
 Knoxville, Maquon and Abingdon. 
 
 To Mrs. Martha Farnham Webster (Mrs. Charles Ashley) is due the credit 
 of the initiative thought and effort which resulted in the establishment of this 
 society as a permanent organization, with a constitution and by-laws, regularly 
 elected officers and stated meetings. But her thought and action found so 
 cordial a response from the sons and daughters of the "Pilgrims" resident in 
 and about Galesburg, that it seemed as if the movement was spontaneous, only 
 awaiting the fitting occasion to spring into action. 
 
 The first meeting was called by means of notices in the papers and announce- 
 ments from the different pulpits on the Sabbath preceding December 21, 1901. 
 All descendants of the Pilgrims of Plymouth were asked to meet at the home 
 of Dr. J. V. N. Standish for the purpose of forming a society of Mayflower 
 descendants. The response to so informal and general an invitation was quite 
 remarkable and very gratifying, and on that evening a society was organized with 
 a charter membership of sixteen. Those present signed their names to a 
 temporary compact, giving their lines of descent from Mayflower ancestry, and 
 plans were made for a meeting to be held one year from that date at the home 
 of Mr. and Mrs. Webster. 
 
 Each succeeding year since that time on the 2ist of December, or the nearest 
 date convenient thereto, the society has observed this anniversary of "Fore- 
 father's Day" by a celebration, including a dinner at 6:30 and an evening's 
 program following the dinner. These occasions have invariably been most 
 
HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY ; ' ; 585 
 
 interesting and much of the history of the Plymouth colony has come to light 
 through information gained from the speeches and papers that have been pre- 
 sented. Valuable historical addresses have been given by Dr. Standish, Dr, 
 Louis B. Fisher and Prof, and Mrs. Raymond, of Knox college. Character 
 sketches of the signers of the Mayflower compact have been given by members 
 of the society who are their descendants. 
 
 Our national hymn "America" is always sung by the society at the beginning 
 of the evening's festivities, as they are gathered about the tables before being 
 seated for the dinner. Mrs. Hemans' thrilling and soul-inspiring hymn "The 
 Pilgrim Fathers," sung by a chosen soloist, has always had a place on the even- 
 ing's program ; while the sympathetic strains of "Auld Lang Syne," sung by 
 the entire company as they rise for adjournment, unite their hearts in bonds of 
 friendship and give them happy anticipations of future gatherings. 
 
 The charter membership of sixteen has increased to a present membership 
 of forty, while during the ten years the names of upwards of sixty have been 
 enrolled. The annual dinner and reunion, until that of 1910, has been held at 
 the home of Mr. and Mrs. Charles Ashley Webster. Since then they have 
 been held at one of the down town banquet halls. ^'. -d 
 
 The office of president has been held by Dr. J. V. N. Standish since the 
 organization of the society, and that of secretary by Mrs. Webster since the 
 beginning also. 
 
 The Daughters of the American Revolution in Knox county are represented 
 by two chapters, one in Galesburg and one in Knoxville. 
 
 The Rebecca Parke chapter, of Galesburg, was organized in January, 1901. 
 Mrs. Robert W. Colville was its founder and first regent. To her is due the 
 credit of having aroused the sentiment and stimulated the interest of the twenty- 
 four women who in June of the same year became charter members of Chapter 
 537 of the National Society of the Daughters of the American Revolution. 
 
 Its objects are the same as are those set forth in the constitution of the 
 national society, viz. : 
 
 "(i) To perpetuate the memory of the spirit of the men and women who 
 achieved American independence, by the acquisition and protection of historical 
 spots, and the' erection of monuments; by the encouragement of historical re- 
 search in relation to the Revolution and the publication of its results ; by the 
 preservation of documents and relics, and the records of the individual services 
 of Revolutionary soldiers and patriots, and by the promotion of celebrations of 
 all patriotic anniversaries. 
 
 "(2) To carry out the injunction of Washington in his farewell address 
 to the American people, 'to promote as an object of primary importance insti- 
 tutions for the general diffusion of knowledge,' thus developing an enlightened 
 public opinion and affording to young and old such advantages as shall develop 
 in them the largest capacity for performing the duties of American citizens. 
 
 "(3) To cherish, maintain and extend the institutions of American free- 
 dom, to foster true patriotism and love of country and to aid in securing for 
 mankind all the blessings of liberty." 
 
 Truly a noble aim, and right loyally have the women of the Rebecca Parke 
 chapter risen to an earnest endeavor for the fulfillment of its spirit and its pur- 
 pose. 
 
536 HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY 
 
 Year by year has witnessed some progress on the part of the Rebecca Parke 
 chapter in one or more of the departments of work undertaken by the na- 
 tional society as outlined in its constitution. 
 
 While many of the women of this chapter are of an intensely patriotic spirit 
 and earnest purpose, they have needed the stimulus of a kader of like spirit with 
 themselves, and also the stimulus and incentive of co-operative and harmonious 
 effort. These the chapter has enjoyed to a remarkable degree. The four re- 
 gents who have served the chapter have each in her own way, and in the use of 
 the best resources at her command, striven to carry out a policy of patriotic 
 service best suited to the demands of her term of office. Those who have held 
 the office of regent are the following: Edith Cole Colville (Mrs. Robert W.), 
 Martha Farnham Webster (Mrs. Charles Ashley), Maria Judd Edgerton (Mrs. 
 John H.), Ella Parke Lawrence (Mrs. Geo. A.) and the present regent, Fannie 
 Sisson Everett (Mrs. Edward R.). 
 
 Owing to more favorable conditions and opportunities, the chapter has been 
 permitted to do more systematic and effective work under the wise, tactful and 
 stimulating leadership of Mrs. Geo. A. Lawrence, their beloved regent for six 
 years, and whose leadership they could only consent to relinquish in order that 
 she might rise to a higher service in the acceptance of the proffered honor of the 
 state regency, to which office she was elected in April, 1911. 
 
 The practical, individual and united effort of this chapter, especially that of a 
 patriotic and philanthropic character, is clearly shown by the various cohimittees 
 carrying on local, state and national work, upon which our members are repre- 
 sented. We have not space to refer in detail to the work of these various com- 
 mittees, but by giving free range to the imagination as they are named one can 
 readily see what an uplifting and ennobling influence such a work might have 
 upon the daughter who engages in it, and upon those persons and objects for 
 the advancement and betterment of which her sympathies and her energies are 
 enlisted. The very names of the different lines of work within the province of 
 these committees are in themselves a revelation, an -inspiration and an education. 
 They cover the broad field of our country's needs. The influence of the enact- 
 ment of the plans and purposes therein suggested will enter into the life and 
 activities of the homes, the schools, the cities, the states of our nation with a 
 purifying and transforming power. 
 
 The membership of this chapter is represented upon jt> of the national, and 
 seven of the state committees, while in some cases two of our members are ap- 
 pointed upon the same committee. For example, two of our number are mem- 
 bers of the national committee of the Children of the Republic. Upon the com- 
 mittee for the welfare of women and children, Mrs. Geo. A. Lawrence, our 
 late regent, is state chairman by national appointment. She is also state chair- 
 man by national appointment of the committee on good roads ocean to ocean 
 highways and vice-chairman of the national Franco-American committee. Six 
 of our ladies are appointed as assistant chairmen of important state committees, 
 and some of this number serve on more than one of these committees. 
 
 In brief, three of the members of the Rebecca Parke chapter are actively 
 identified with the work of the national committees, and nine with that of state 
 committees. 
 

 
536 ' HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY -; 
 
 . Year by year has witnessed some progress on the part of the Rebecca Parke V 
 chapter in one or more of the departments of work undertaken by the na- - 
 tional society as outlined in its constitution. ' ,. 
 
 While many of the women of this chapter are of an intensely patriotic spirit V 
 and earnest purpose, they have needed the stimulus of a leader of like spirit with , 
 themselves, and also the stimulus and incentive of co-operative and harmonious ; 
 effort. These the chapter has enjoyed to a remarkable degree. The four re- ' . 
 gents who have served the chapter have each in her own way, and in the use of 
 the best resources at her command, striven to carry out a policy of patriotic ; .v 
 service best suited to the demands of her term of office. Those who have held i 
 the office of regent are the following: Edith Cole Colville (]Mrs. Robert W.), . :\ 
 Martha Farnham Webster (Mrs. Charles Ashley), Maria Judd Edgerton (Mrs. ; 
 John H.), Ella Parke Lawrence (Mrs. Geo. A.) and the present regent, Fannie . -^ 
 Sisson Everett (Mrs. Edward R.). ; 
 
 Owing to more favorable conditions and opportunities, the chapter has been : . ; 
 permitted to do more systematic and effective work under the wise, tactful and ,- . 
 stimulating leadership of Mrs. Geo. A. Lawrence, their beloved regent for six v : 
 years, and whose leadership they could only consent to relinquish in order that 
 she might rise to a higher service in the acceptance of the proffered honor of the 
 state regency, to which office she was elected in April, 1911. . ' 
 
 The practical, individual and united effort of this chapter, especially that of a . ';. 
 patriotic and philanthropic character, is clearly shown by the various committees 
 carrying on local, state and national work, upon which our members are repre- .; ' 
 sented. We have not space to refer in detail to the work of these various com- . ' 
 mittees, but by giving free range to the imagination as they are named one can '; , 
 readily see what an uplifting and ennobling influence such a work might have - 
 upon the daughter who engages in it, and upon those persons and objects for . ' 
 the advancement and betterment of which her sympathies and her energies are ' . 
 enlisted. The very names of the different lines of work within the province of v . 
 these committees are in themselves a revelation, an inspiration and an education. . 
 They cover the broad field of our country's needs. The influence of the enact- ; - 
 ment of the plans and purposes therein suggested will enter into the life and ' 
 activities of the homes, the schools, the cities, the states of our nation with a .- ' 
 purifying and transforming power. 
 
 The membership of this chapter is represented upon si.v of the national, and ' =: 
 sn'en of the state committees, while in some cases two of our members are ap- 
 pointed upon the same committee. For example, two of our number are mem- . ; 
 bers of the national committee of the Children of the Republic. Upon the com- ^ ^ 
 mittee for the welfare of women and children, Mrs. Geo. A. Lawrence, our 
 late regent, is state chairman by national appointment. She is also state chair- .' 
 man by national appointment of the committee on good roads ocean to ocean 
 highways and vice-chairman of the national Franco-American committee. Six 
 of our ladies are appointed as assistant chairmen of important state committees, . > 
 and some of this number serve on more than one of these committees. ' ': 
 
 In brief, three of the members of the Rebecca Parke chapter are actively ' 
 identified with the work of the national committees, and nine with that of state - 
 committees. . , 
 
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HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY 537 
 
 Does not the list of these various lines of work in which our daughters are 
 engaged open to the mental vision an ever outreaching view of rich fields in which 
 to plant the seeds which it is hoped will take deep root and develop into a thor- 
 oughly patriotic, loyal and upright citizenship of the future? 
 
 The committees are as follows : . ; v 
 
 "Fort Massac its conservation as a national park," ;; , 
 
 "Memorial continental hall." ;''^ ^. 
 
 "The American monthly magazine historic patriotic." 
 
 "Historic spots, monuments and revolutionary relics." 
 
 "Patriotic education." . . 
 
 "Children of the republic." '.'': ' " ;, 
 
 "Conservation" (in general and in particular). ' .; ; ' 
 
 "The welfare of women and children." ': . ; : 
 
 "Good roads ocean to ocean highways." 
 
 (The old trails a memorial to pioneer men and women.) 
 
 "Historical research." 
 
 "Starved Rock a national park." ); ', '. 
 
 Still other lines of work suggested and urged by the national society are the 
 following: ^ . 
 
 "To prevent desecration of the flag." 
 
 "An interchangeable bureau, lectures, etc., for promoting patriotic educa- 
 tion." -^ ; 
 
 "Committee on national university." ^ v%^ 
 
 "Legislation in United States congress." ': 
 
 "Committee on real daughters." -' 
 
 The Rebecca Parke chapter has contributed of its money and its personal 
 interest to the purchase and restoration of old Fort Massac, "situated almost 
 within the environment of the old city of Metropolis in southern Illinois, and 
 overlooking many miles of the Ohio river from its rocky heights." History gives 
 the date of the erection of this fort as probably 1542. It was used as a tem- 
 porary fort by De Soto's men as a protection from the Indians. 
 
 As a chapter, and individually, they hold certificates of stock in the purchase 
 of Lincoln's birthplace in Kentucky the old farm being now set apart for a 
 national park, through the instrumentality of the national society of the Daugh- 
 ters of the American Revolution. 
 
 It has also, through its members, contributed to the purchase and restora- 
 tion of the old Betsy Ross house in Philadelphia, the "birthplace of the Amer- 
 ican flag." 
 
 The conservation of Starved Rock as a national park has claimed our loyal 
 interest as Illinois daughters, and the Berry Industrial school in Georgia ap- 
 peals to us as a demand for our most earnest interest and support, from motives 
 of patriotism if for no other. This is true "patriotic education" one of the prin- 
 ciples for which our national society stands. 
 
 The chapter is actively interested in locating and marking the graves of revo- 
 lutionary soldiers in Knox county, and in the verification of records relating to 
 early history in the county. Much, very much, has been accomplished and grate- 
 fully do we recognize and accept this opportunity for real service to our country 
 as befits a patriotic organization. But much still remains to be done. 
 
538 HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY 
 
 As has been fittingly expressed by another: 
 
 "So long as there remains one hero or one heroine to commemorate; so 
 long as there remains one spot to mark, because it is sacred from labor done by 
 brain or brawn for love of independence; one site on which patriots contended 
 for human rights and human liberty ; while there remains within the limits of 
 our country one man, one woman, or one child who has not heard the good news 
 of the great fact in the gospel of peace and brotherhood that every one, no 
 matter how humble, stands with the greatest in equality before the tribunal of 
 justice; one still to be impressed by the story of liberty so sublimely illustrated 
 by examples of loyalty, courage and humanity on the part of our ancestors of 
 the Revolution, who laid so firmly the rugged foundation for this great govern- 
 ment, cementing it, as it were, with resolves for justice, with love of liberty, 
 with suffering, tears and blood, this priceless heritage it is our privilege and 
 duty to pass on to those who come after us, unchanged in all its glory." 
 
 And so we say, all hail, to the Daughters of the American Revolution, and 
 may God speed us in our good work. 
 
 - ;, This completes the review of woman's work in Knox county. It has been a 
 careful and painstaking effort to include all the organizations that have been 
 brought to notice, and all those of which information could be secured by 
 labored investigation. If anything worthy of note has been omitted, it is to be 
 regretted, but it has been from no lack of effort on the part of the writer to secure 
 all possible available information. 
 
 It is the record of remarkable intellectual activity and fervid philanthropic 
 and patriotic effort crowned with noteworthy success, an admirable showing in 
 every respect. 
 
 It is submitted to the women of our county with the hope that it may awaken 
 a feeling of pardonable pride in view of what has been accomplished in the past, 
 and stimulate them to an ambition to reach still greater heights of achievement 
 in the future. 
 
 Note: Mrs. Albert J. Perry, member of the Qio club since its organization, 
 died at her home in Galesburg, March ii, 1912. 
 
 Mrs. Mary Claycomb Grubb, president of the Free Kindergarten association, 
 died at her home in Galesburg, on May 26, 1912, 
 
 THE MEDICAL PROFESSION IN KNOX COUNTY 
 BY LAWRENCE R. RYAN, M. D. 
 
 Knox county, as far as we are able to leam, has always been favored with 
 its full quota of excellent physicians who were ever abreast of the times. Many 
 of the older men live only in the traditions of the county. During the early 
 history of the county, and in fact until the medical registration law of 1877 was 
 passed, there was no record. Many competent physicians lived, did their work 
 in the most approved manner, and "passed on" without leaving a monument 
 except in the memories of those they served and aided. Whenever advances 
 have been made in scientific medicine, the Knox county physicians have been 
 
HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY 539 
 
 quick to avail themselves of it. Every year some of them go away to take post 
 graduate work, and give the people the benefit of their new knowledge and 
 skill. . . . 
 
 There are two well equipped hospitals in the county (The Galesburg Cottage 
 hospital, and St. Mary's hospital) where almost any operation known to surgical 
 science is -performed with skill and dispatch. Many of our physicians and 
 surgeons have a reputation which extends far beyond the confines of the county, 
 and patients come from all directions to receive the benefits of their skill. 
 
 The ratio of physicians in the county to the population has always been about 
 one to six hundred. The number, however, is constantly changing. Since the 
 passage of the registration act in 1877, fully two hundred have registered in 
 the county, but many remained only a few months, and others died. Of the 
 forty physicians in the county, twenty-five years ago, there are only ten now in 
 practice. Twenty-two have died and a few who moved away are still living. 
 Doctor L. S. Lambert is the oldest practicing physician in the county. He has 
 been in continuous practice since 1866. 
 
 The completion of the schools of medicine has also shown a decided change. 
 "Regulars" have always predominated, but there was about twenty-five per cent 
 of non-regulars twenty-five years ago and most of those were homeopaths, there 
 was a smattering of eclectics. At the present time there are scarcely five per cent 
 non-regulars. As the science of medicine has become more exact, and the germ 
 theory has been develoi>ed (when diagnosis must depend upon the microscope), 
 the ranks of the homeopaths have become thinned. Their places have been taken, 
 however, by other cults, viz., osteopaths, naturopaths, chiropractic and Christian 
 scientists. 
 
 In epidemics of disease and wherever the service of a physician was needed, 
 the Knox county physician has not been found wanting. He has ever been at 
 the front to bear his share of the burden for humanity's sake. During the 
 Rebellion several of the Knox county men served as surgeons and notable 
 among them was W. F. Tait, who recently passed to his reward, and E. S. 
 Cooper. Many who are now physicians, but were not during the war, served 
 their country in the ranks in time of need. Among them were D. W. Aldrich, 
 L. S. Lambert, G. W. Foote, M. S. Carr, E. L. Phillips and R. B. Snead. All 
 of these have been prominent in the ranks of the G. A. R. 
 
 In the late war with Spain, Doctor Jesse Rowe, of Abingdon, was the only 
 Knox county physician who went to the front. He had a commission in the 
 First Illinois cavalry and served from May 21, 1898, until the end of the war. 
 
 Doctor W. H. Maley is at present a member of the medical reserve corps in 
 the United States army with the rank of first lieutenant. From 1900 to 1908, he 
 was first lieutenant and assistant surgeon in the artillery battalion of the Illinois 
 National Guards. 
 
 The Knox county physicians, as is common with the profession, have not 
 dabbled much in politics, except in a general way. Three physicians have held 
 the office of mayor of Galesburg, and Doctor Louis Becker is now mayor of 
 Knoxville. D. W. Aldrich was elected mayor of Galesburg, in 1887, G. W. 
 Foote, in 1885, and W. O'R. Bradley, in 1901. Several have served the city 
 in the capacity of alderman. H. S. Hurd, 18601863 ; W. H. Maley and C. G. 
 Johnson, several terms each. . :.- 
 
540 HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY 
 
 ' Doctor W. F. Tait was appointed chief surgeon to the Soldiers' Home at 
 Quincy, which position he held until he was forced by failing health to resign. 
 
 L. R. Ryan was on the National Gold Democratic ticket in 1896, as a candidate 
 for elector. 
 
 In club life the physicians have been more active. Four have been exalted 
 rulers of the Elks lodge, viz., L. G. Hall, R. C. Matheny, W. O'R. Bradley and 
 C, B. Horrell. Doctor Bradley also had the honor to serve as president of the 
 Retail Merchants' association and was its president when Galesburg held its first 
 and most successful street fair. 
 
 Doctors J. A. Denny, L. R. Ryan, R. C. Matheny and C. B. Ripley have 
 served on the directory of the Galesburg club. 
 
 In medical society work the Knox county physicians have forged more to 
 the front than in war or politics, and that is as it should be. It is their natural 
 sphere. Until 1893 there was no medical organization in Knox county. On sev- 
 eral occasions feeble efforts had been made to get the physicians together for the 
 purpose of organization, but every effort met with failure until 1893. In the 
 spring of 1893 Doctors Ryan and Bradley sent out notices for a preliminary 
 meeting for the purpose of organizing a Galesburg medical society. There was 
 a hearty response, and the first meeting was held in the offices of Aldrich, Brad- 
 ley and Ryan, 24 South Cherry street, and an organization perfected. The so- 
 ciety was called the "Galesburg Medical society." In this society there were 
 two departures from the regular routine of organizations of this kind. In order 
 to avoid friction and jealousy there were no officers except the secretary and 
 treasurer. The members presided in alphabetical order. The constitution and 
 by-laws also allowed the society to take into membership "non-regulars," viz., 
 eclectics and homeopaths. This was contrary to the constitution of the American 
 Medical association and the code of ethics and naturally created a howl of in- 
 dignation from the ultra regulars or "moss backs" and "holier than thou" indi- 
 viduals. Strange as it may seem, it was but a few years until this very pro- 
 vision was embodied in the new constitution of the American Medical association 
 and all its affiliated societies, state and county. We, the organizers, were simply 
 ahead of the times. Be that as it may, the ultra regulars organized a new so- 
 ciety called the "Galesburg club" the following year, to which "non-conformists" 
 were not eligible. The "Galesburg club" lasted about a year. The society first 
 formed dragged out a miserable existence for five years, and then passed into a 
 state of "innocuous desuetude" for five years more, when it was reorganized 
 and is now in a flourishing condition. Doctor L. R. Ryan was the secretary of 
 the first Galesburg medical society. 
 
 In order to affiliate with the state society and the American Medical asso- 
 ciation, a Knox county medical society was organized in 1902. Doctor Louis 
 Becker of Knoxville was its first president. Since then the office of president 
 has been filled by Doctors Matheny, Stewart, Ryan, Brown, Chalmers, Lytle, 
 Cowan, Davis, Evans and Beecher. In order to avoid friction between the city 
 and country practitioners, the presiding officer is chosen alternately from the 
 Galesburg and smaller town districts. Enthusiastic meetings are held twice a 
 year, April and September. The day is devoted to scientific papers and busi- 
 ness and the evening to a banquet, where the inner man is satisfied and jest and 
 jollity are unconfined. . /; . .r 
 
HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY , 541 
 
 Strife and petty jealousy, which is so common among professional men in 
 small communities, is fast becoming a thing of the past, and all the physicians 
 work together for the good of the profession and suffering humanity. The 
 county societies are not allowed to have fee bills or to attempt to regulate charges. 
 The Galesburg City society, however, has a fee bill, which is used simply as a 
 guide. Each physician makes his charges as the exigencies of the case seem to 
 demand. 
 
 For forty years the Military Tract Medical association, which comprised all 
 the territory from Mendota to Quincy and from Peoria to the Mississippi river, 
 took the place of the County society. All the progressive physicians in Knox 
 county were members of that most excellent organization. Many of its meet- 
 ings were held in Galesburg, and a great many of the Knox county men had 
 the honor of being its president. Among them may be mentioned Doctors Judd, 
 Hensley, Reece, Lambert, Hopper, Percy, Ryan, Becker, Horrell and Matheny. 
 
 Doctor Percy has had the distinguished honor of an election as president of 
 the State Medical society and has been one of its counsellors for many years. 
 
 Many of the Knox county physicians are members of special societies, and 
 their names appear frequently in the scientific programs. v 
 V Thirty years ago few of the physicians were graduates of literary colleges. 
 A two years' course, in an old doctor, was deemed sufficient to start him in 
 practice. Now there are few young physicians in the county who are not gradu- 
 ates of some literary college or university. 
 
 Doctor A. G. Humphrey, whose specialty was medical physiology, has re- j. 
 peatedly read articles before scientific bodies. 
 
 Doctor R. A. Saunders was the first physician to register under the new regis- ' 
 tration law of 1877. The date of his registration was Sept. I2th, 1877. 
 
 -; The Knox county physicians have always been a unit in insisting on quaran- 
 tine regulations and on devising ways and means for the prevention of disease 
 in our community. Repeatedly they have called the attention of the people to 
 the filthy and unsanitary condition of Cedar Fork creek, Galesburg, into which 
 all the sewerage of the city flows, and have pointed it out as a disease breeding 
 medium. Soon after the organization of the first Galesburg medical society in 
 1894 a resolution was drawn up and presented to the city council, urging upon 
 them the necessity of inclosing Cedar Fork creek, having a garbage crematory 
 and a suitable sewerage system for the city. (It is a notorious fact that cer- 
 tain sections of the city are yearly subject to epidemics of typhoid fever due to 
 deficient drainage.) Like all good resolutions for the betterment of the health 
 of the people, that memorial was listened to in silence by the good city fathers 
 and pigeonholed and died the death of all "good resolutions." The Cedar Fork 
 still sends forth its noisome odors, an ever present menace to the good health of 
 the community and also is an everliving monument to the lack of judgment and 
 foresight of our counsellors. Thousands to fight disease, but not one cent to 
 prevent it! 
 
 Twenty years ago many of the foreign countries, recognizing the wisdom and 
 necessity of conserving the health of their citizens and insisting on means of 
 prevention of disease, were compelling the examination of the children as to 
 their physical condition before they entered school, so that prevalent disease or 
 deformities might be eradicated and others prevented. In 1892 Doctor L. R. 
 
542 HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY 
 
 '' ,*..'' 
 
 Ryan, on his return from Germany, where he had been studying, gave lectures 
 before the teachers of the city of Galesburg on the necessity of having the chil- 
 dren examined, especially as to the condition of their sight and hearing, as those 
 were the organs brought most into use in the school room. On many occasions 
 after that physicians have lectured before the teachers at the County Institute 
 and much good has come of it. 
 
 In 1904, under the administration of Doctor Ben B. Baird, commissioner of 
 health, a more elaborate plan of examination of the school children's eyes was 
 instituted. Doctor R. C. Matheny and Doctor L. R. Ryan made personal ex- 
 amination of the vision of several thousand children. As neither the county or 
 city make any financial provision for such work, the service of the physicians was 
 gratuitous. 
 
 Within the past three years, however, the school nurse system has been in- 
 stituted and the work of examination is taken over by her, to the great advan- 
 tage of the pupil and the teacher. 
 
 Recently, under the auspices of the Y. M. C. A., courses of lectures on health 
 and hygiene have been instituted and the Knox county physicians have given 
 the lectures on subjects assigned them. 
 
 On numerous occasions the physicians have filled the pulpits on tuberculosis 
 Sunday, admonishing the people as to the wide prevalence of that dread disease 
 and the great necessity of its prevention. These lectures have been of inestim- 
 able value in awakening interest among the people, as is evidenced by the 
 complete organization the county now has to fight the disease. The propaganda 
 organized by the Knox county physicians in the spring of 1911, for the education 
 of all the people of the county as to the dangers of tuberculosis and of the 
 necessity of having a county sanatorium for the treatment is one of the most 
 unselfish on record. In 1908, the Knox County Medical society appointed a 
 committee consisting of Dr. C. B. Ripley, chairman, and Doctors Bradley and 
 Cromwell to confer with a committee from the county supervisors to see if the 
 county would not erect or provide a suitable sanatorium for the treatment of 
 consumption. Several meetings were held, but very little was done. Finally 
 it was discovered that a small farm could be purchased near Knoxville, which 
 would be suitable for a tent colony at least. This was purchased, but it soon 
 became evident that some of the supervisors had "inside information," and as 
 individuals used their knowledge as supervisors to their own profit. It was 
 finally threshed out in court and the whole episode ruined all prospects of a 
 sanatorium, and for the time put a quietus on the effort to secure one. The matter 
 was held in abeyance for a year or two. Finally in the spring of 1911, the 
 Galesburg City Medical society called a special meeting with the same end in 
 view. The following committee was appointed: Dr. Cox, chairman; Doctors 
 ' Bradley, Hall, Longbrake and Ryan. This committee was augmented by three 
 ^; from the county society, Birmingham, Bohan and Becker. Under the active 
 guidance of Doctor Cox, chairman of the committee, a strenuous campaign was 
 begun at once. At the beginning of the campaign the physicians were urged by 
 the supervisors to go out among the people and finally bring evidence to the 
 ' supervisors that there was need of such an institution and that the people really 
 wanted it. In all good faith the physicians and those interested did so, and 
 .brought the evidence and presented it. The best plan seemed to be that of 
 
v.^' ; : HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY 543 
 
 
 
 securing the hearty co-operation of the business men, make an educational as- 
 sault on all the towns of the county, and finally to get an expression of opinion 
 from each locality as to the advisability of having a county sanatorium. Money 
 to defray the expenses of the canvass was subscribed by the merchants and other 
 individuals. Physicians who had automobiles loaned them for the work. The 
 organization was complete and active work was begim in August. The county 
 was divided into districts and a complete schedule of lectures was made, so that 
 two physicians usually and one lay party would appear at each town at the 
 time specified. The physicians were untiring in their efforts, spurred on by 
 their enthusiastic and able chairman. Doctor Cox, who gave almost all his time 
 during the crusade to its furtherance. Twent}- towns and districts were visited 
 by twenty physicians and several citizens, attorneys and merchants divided up 
 into groups of three. The physicians discussed the scientific side and the neces- 
 sity for strict quarantine and right living, also urging the establishment of a 
 county institution as the best plan of treatment. The social and business aspect 
 was presented by the non-physicians. At each meeting place the people in at- 
 tendance were asked to vote upon the following resolution : 
 
 "At a public meeting held in Knox Count)', Ills. 
 
 August 1911. For the purpose of devising ways and means to check 
 
 the spread of the dread disease tuberculosis the following resolution was passed: 
 
 Resolved: That the supervisors of Knox County be urged to immediately 
 arrange for the procuring or erection of a suitable sanatorium for the isolation 
 and cure of tubercular patients. 
 
 Signed i ........ Chairman, 
 
 -"'"' ' , Secretary." 
 
 Thus tangible evidence of the desire of the people could be presented to the 
 board of supervisors. Everywhere they were received with enthusiasm and 
 the questions asked by the people showed a deep interest in the matter. As a 
 climax to the crusade, a large meeting was held in Galesburg in the temporary 
 wigwam of the Christian church, and Doctor Petit, who has charge of the 
 tubercular sanatorium, gave an entertaining address. 
 
 The special committee of the supervisors to consider the matter was made up 
 of Hoxworth, chairman, and Robson, Barry, Paden and Greigg. This committee 
 agreed to meet the committee from the medical society and others interested 
 and hear arguments. A resume of the whole subject was written up by Doctor 
 Ryan on behalf of the committee and presented in pamphlet form after being 
 read. Many of the physicians of the county, besides those on the committee, also 
 spoke in favor of the plan. Nearly a whole day was given up to this discussion. 
 The arguments were so overwhelming, and there was such a unanimity of opin- 
 ion among the newspapers and people of standing, that it seemed as if the 
 supervisors could not refuse. It is known that several of the committee were 
 in favor of it, but were overawed by stronger influence. The ccxnmittee of the 
 physicians were forced to spend half their time answering irrelevant questions, 
 or brushing away imaginary cobwebs, and suppositions, which were pertinent 
 only to the mind of the opposition. Nothing was done except to appoint a sub- 
 committee to visit Ottawa and Naperville and investigate the institutions at those 
 points, and a non-committal report was given to the board of supervisors and 
 placed on file without a word of discussion by the board, notwithstanding the 
 
:; . 544 HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY 
 
 fact that the day the report was brought in, the secretary of the State Anti- 
 V tubercular society was present and spoke before the board, in hopes that some- 
 thing might be done. Members of the committee of the medical societies also 
 added their mite. They may as well have saved their energy for they were 
 : talking to deaf ears. 
 
 ,,'' Thus ended the first chapter of the great crusade to awaken the people to - 
 the existence of a great evil and to effect a means of its eradication. 
 
 ' When, oh when, will the people consider enough their own welfare to place 
 
 ; . .' it in the hands of competent individuals who hold office at their will and con- 
 
 ,':; sider their highest duty to be to guard carefully the people's welfare even 
 
 . though it does cost a little money? When will shallow office holders realize 
 
 , that they are there at the will of the people, and to subserve their interests 
 
 and not to carry out some personal political scheme or spite and thereby kill a 
 
 ' '' plan that the community needs for its own protection? f. 
 
 The first move against tuberculosis in the county was crushed but the end 
 
 is not yet. The work goes grandly on. Every newspaper and thinking man 
 
 sees the necessity for such a sanatorium. A county organization which affiliates 
 ;. ; with the State Anti-tubercular league has been organized, and the people are 
 
 daily being educated. Public sentiment will soon force Knox county to take 
 '. : her place in the progressive league, and establish a place where those sorely 
 ; afflicted tubercular patients can be properly cared for. "Thousands for graft, 
 . but not a dollar for real necessity." 
 
 Early recognizing the fact that disease is conveyed to humans through the 
 ^ ' medium of the milk of cows and that a large per cent of the intestinal diseases 
 .;. of childhood and subsequent deaths were due to this source, the Knox county 
 i' physicians through the Galesburg Medical and Knox County Medical societies 
 organized the Knox County Milk commission. The commission was composed 
 of the following physicians : Baird, chairman ; Evans, secretary ; Longbrake, Nash, 
 : Beecher and Cromwell. The commission was organized for the purpose of edu- 
 cating the people at large to the dangers lurking in unclean milk and to induce 
 the dairy men to increase the sanitary conditions and to eliminate all diseased 
 ; . and particularly tuberculous cattle. An effort was to be made to compel the 
 . delivery of sterilized milk having its full fat percentage. The committee went 
 . to work with a will, but soon found that when the individual's pocketbook was * 
 
 ''V touched he rebelled. The whole story is graphically told by the chairman of the 
 ' commission, who read a paper before the American Association of Medical Milk 
 , . commissioners at St. Louis, Missouri, June 6th, 1910, which I here quote in / 
 full, and fully states the work done by Knox county physicians: .. 
 
 SOME CONSIDERATIONS OF THE PURE MILK QUESTION IN COUNTRY DISTRICTS. 
 ":.";;'; I;-;' V^ BY BEN. D. BAIRD, M. D., GALESBURG, ILL. ;- 
 
 ' ' ' . "'''-, '*..,* .-^ iv 
 
 (Reprint from Wisconsin State Medical Journal.) - - 
 
 In a burst of public spiritedness, characteristic of the profession, the Gales- 
 
 ; burg Medical society in April, 1908, organized the Galesburg Medical Milk com- 
 
 . mission. It is only fair to say that our desires were greater than our resources, 
 
 ' and the medical society not having had a great deal of experience with milk com- 
 
HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY ; y ; 545 
 
 missions, considered the honor of appointment to membership of this com- 
 mission, due and sufficient reason for proceeding to get busy with the milk 
 question, and everlastingly keeping at it without thought of remuneration or 
 wherewithal to meet expenses. The public was indifferent to the degree of ab- 
 solutely refusing even to get interested in us, and the city council seemed to 
 think we were grafters when we asked for a milk ordinance that would give us 
 some authority to inspect milk. So that fell through, and we were right where 
 we started, only we knew a few things which we didn't know to start out with. 
 We then thought the milk dealers were easy and would like to be educated along 
 the lines of certified milk, so we called them together and talked to them, talked 
 to them earnestly, like fathers. They listened intently and seemed delighted with 
 our theory. They thought our talks were beautiful and our unselfish stand for 
 humanity entitled us to a bronze medal, and then they woke up and said : "How 
 are we going to pay for all this when we're making only a liz-ing now? Your 
 theory is beautiful, your intentions are ennobling, your certified milk is just the 
 thing', but we are only poor milk dealers and have to buy milk wherever we can 
 get it so that we can sell it for enough profit to keep our families in shoes and 
 our groceryman satisfied. We can't build sanitary barns and put screens on 
 them, we can't have our herds tested and we can't make the farmers do it be- 
 cause they have milked cows too long now in the good old filthy, disease-pro- 
 ducing way." 
 
 We found that Galesburg was using about ten thousand quarts of milk daily 
 and two thousand five hundred quarts of cream. About 15 per cent was pro- 
 duced by two or three dairymen, the balance was shipped in or furnished by 
 private families. We approached the dairymen in a very cautious and respectful 
 manner and suggested that certain improvements would allow them to furnish a 
 better milk supply. Their reply was that "to make these necessary improvements 
 would mean a raise in the price of milk and our customers wouldn't stand for it, 
 and besides our barn lots are so flat the cows wade knee-deep in mud, after each 
 rain," which is literally true, as Galesburg is right on the prairies, "so we 
 couldn't furnish certified milk if we got twice as much for it as we now get" 
 (the average price is about seven cents per quart). So we were up against it 
 again. All this had taken us better than a year, and what we had accomplished 
 in the way of certified milk wouldn't hurt anybody. But we were the Medical 
 Milk commission and our duty was to see that Galesburg got a better quality 
 of milk and we had to do it some way and without money. Moral suasion had 
 failed, our milk ordinance was knocked out, the milk producers wouldn't listen, 
 the milk dealers couldn't and it looked as if we were going to be failures as milk 
 commissioners. . - 
 
 At the critical moment when we were in deep despair a Moses arose as of 
 old and told us how our superintendent of public schools had a way of getting 
 things and suggested that we have him equip the chemical department of the 
 high school with milk testing apparatus and have the professor of chemistry 
 adopt milk analysis as a part of the regular curriculum and teach the pupils how 
 to analyze milk and teach them what pure milk was and what impure milk meant, 
 to instruct them that it was a most valuable part of their daily life to see that 
 the family didn't buy filthy milk and by repeatedly examining the milk from their 
 own houses and keeping records of the same it would soon be easy to tell which 
 
 TL I 18 
 
' - v 546 V HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY 
 
 ; . / of the dealers were handling the best milk and soon the whole school would 
 ; - be talking and comparing notes and the milk man who wasn't clean would have 
 
 ... ^ to brush up or he would lose his business. 
 
 : This plan we adopted and the board of education made us a very liberal al- 
 
 -. lowance for this equipment and installed it in the chemical department of the 
 
 ^ .; high school. Of course this does not include the bacterial count, but we test 
 .? for fats, solids, preservatives and specific gravity and use the Wisconsin curd 
 ' ;; test for purity, so it is after all a very good analysis. A record of every analysis 
 
 - is kept by the professor of chemistry and the pupils themselves make the tests 
 . .: under the supervision of their professor, and very soon they become quite pro- 
 ' '' ficient and after a while they positively refuse to use milk that doesn't come up 
 . ;' to the standard. The high school has nearly eight hundred pupils, representing 
 
 ; nearly as many families, and these eight hundred families wield a tremendous 
 
 V influence for the betterment of the milk situation. 
 
 . .. ; Recently in a talk with the superintendent of schools and the professor of 
 ; V . chemistry they told me that milk examination was specially dwelt upon all 
 through the four years' course and they considered it relatively of as great im- 
 portance as any other branch that was taught because it brought the question of 
 ; : V: pure milk daily into homes that previously had known nothing of it and the de- 
 \. mand for better milk was so great that the milk to-day is 50 per cent better than 
 , ; when it was inaugurated. Superintendent of Schools Steel says: "It emphasizes 
 ; .. in a way as nothing else could, the value of pure milk and bring it directly 
 /. i home to the consumers." 
 
 , Of course we do not claim to produce certified milk nor do we expect this 
 
 ' ; association to accept it as such, but we do claim to have raised the standard of 
 
 milk in Galesburg until less than 5 per cent of it falls below the standard in 
 
 -r fats or shows the presence of preservatives or filth, and this at a time when the 
 
 .. milk was notoriously bad, and this in a country which is not a dairy country 
 
 and where the conditions and environments are not conducive to the production 
 
 -i of the best milk, and we did it without any expense. In addition the inspector 
 
 ' of high schools sent out by the University of Illinois to inspect such schools with 
 
 the idea of admitting their pupils to the university, wrote us a very flattering 
 
 . letter in which he commended us highly for the step we had taken and advo- 
 
 , v; eating strongly its general adoption by high schools throughout the state. 
 
 .V In conclusion I only wish to reiterate the principal considerations with which 
 
 '.- ; we dealt and which I believe will apply almost everywhere to towns of our size: 
 
 ; . First, the apathy of its citizens toward a movement of this kind due to a lack of 
 
 ;, . knowledge of the subject. Second, the seeming inability to have the city council 
 
 / pass an operable ordinance that would assist us. Third, the backwardness with 
 
 : ' which milk dealers and milk producers are brought to see the light. Fourth, the 
 
 ease with which a chemical department of a high school can be induced to take 
 
 , .' up milk analysis and the general good resulting from such procedure. 
 
 :. Illinois Standards. Milk shall contain not less than 3% of milk fat, and not 
 .less than 8.5% of solids not fat. 
 ;: ' U. S. Standards. Standard milk is milk containing not less than 12% of total 
 
 ^ solids, and not less than 8.5% of solid not fat, nor less than 3.25% of milk fat 
 
 ' In his recently published book entitled "Foods and Their Adulteration," 
 ; Dr. Wiley, chief of the Bureau of Chemistry, U. S. Department of Agriculture, 
 
.;'/; HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY 54t ^ 
 
 says : "From thousands of analyses of American milks that have been made 
 it appears that the average content of fat therein is about Z-9%" 
 
 Doctor Chalmers has been a frequent contributor to our newspapers on all 
 subjects of interest to the people and the profession, as he takes a deep interest 
 both in medical and civic life. : :" 
 
 Doctor Bradway, of Abingdon, fills the chair of physiology in Abingdon 
 college. 
 
 Doctor Bower, besides being a rival of Whitcomb Riley, is interested in ; 
 many of the business enterprises of the city. ; .' ' 
 
 Doctor Wing was for many years chief medical director of the C. M. L. A. 
 Insurance society of Galesburg. 
 
 For twenty years Knox county has had the services of two excellent woman 
 physicians. Doctors Rice and Law. There have been others in the county, but 
 they have not remained long. ..- . 
 
 For many years Knox county was one of the few that had a capable eye 
 specialist. Doctor L. S. Lambert was one of the pioneers in that line of work 
 in this county. At the present time there are four, Lambert, Ryan, Parry and 
 Matheny. "';'/:,:', ^. ::/. />';:.;:.';..?..;-.;'-'. 
 
 '''_''.. . .' '.' -f . - ~ ' ^ ,'-''.' 
 
 EARLY HISTORY OF THE GALESBURG PUBLIC SCHOOL 
 
 ^v^ > ^r..- . BY PROFESSOR W. L. STEELE S,^' ^ 
 
 The history of the public schools of Galesburg is divided into three periods: 
 The district schools, the union graded schools and the schools under the present 
 charter. Of the first period, that of district schools, no official records can be 
 found. The first district was organized, probably, in 1840, when the village of 
 Galesburg numbered 272 souls. As the population increased, it was sub- 
 divided, from time to time, until there were eight independent school districts, 
 each having its own board of directors and a little schoolhouse of one depart- 
 ment, when, in 1858, they were all united into one district, comprising the 
 territory within the present limits of Galesburg and known as the Union 
 Graded School District No. i. During the nineteen years, which this period 
 covers, the population of the city had grown to nearly 5,000. A population of 
 5,000 with only eight school rooms, where three times that number would be 
 required today, calls for an explanation, which will be given farther on. 
 
 THE FIRST SCHOOLHOUSE 
 
 The first public school building, according to tradition, for there are no 
 records preserved and no account of it was committed to print for more than 
 a quarter of a century after the event, was built on the north side of the square, 
 east of Broad street, in 1840. It was soon afterwards moved to the north side ' 
 of Ferris street, between Broad and Cherry streets. It was constructed in 
 accordance with the ideas of Mr. C. S. Colton, one of the directors, and the - 
 very novelty of the plan has preserved it from the common oblivion of the school '; 
 
548 ' \ HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY 
 
 architecture of that perioil. The floor was an inclined plane sloping from the 
 rear to the front where the teacher's desk was placed, the object being to have 
 the pupils in full view of the teacher. The pupils who attended that school all 
 remember what a capital place the aisles were to slide down hill, and on this 
 account it has not been forgotten. Mr. Colton, it is said, afterwards regretted 
 that all the schoolhouses were not built on this plan. It would seat sixty pupils. 
 
 ' ': : ; ' THE FIRST TEACHER 
 
 Mr. Eli Farnhani taught the first school in this building in the winter of 
 1840-41. The school was in session from four to six months each year; the 
 teacher was generally a college student who was in need of money to complete 
 his education. Prof. George Churchill, when a boy, went to this school in the 
 winter of 1840-41 and taught it in the winter of 1848-49, when he was a sopho- 
 more in college. He received a dollar a day and boarded around, sleeping at 
 home. One of his pupils was Miss Mary Allen West. 
 
 ; LOCATION OF SCHOOLHOUSES 
 
 ' The names and the locations of the different school buildings at the time 
 the districts were consolidated in 1858, were as follows: Ferris Street school, 
 on the north side of Ferris street, west of Cherry street; East Main Street 
 school, sometimes called the Brick school, on the southwest corner of Main 
 and Pine streets; West Main Street school, sometimes known as the Parker 
 school, on the south side of Main street, just east of Walnut avenue; Simmons 
 Street school, known for a time as the Blanchard school, on the north side of 
 Simmons street, east of Academy ; Tompkins Street school, where the First 
 Baptist church now stands ; Monmouth Street school, at the junction of Mon- 
 mouth and Brooks streets ; Chambers Street school, known as the Depot school 
 on First street, just west of Chambers street ; Kellogg Street school, on the 
 southwest comer of Kellogg and Losey streets. 
 
 -; " POVERTY OF THE DISTRICTS 
 
 Comparing the dates of the purchase of the different school sites, with the 
 years when it is certainly known schools were conducted on these premises, it 
 is evident that the first schoolhouses were "squatters" too poor to own the 
 land on which they stood. The buildings themselves gave evidence of their 
 poverty. The Galesburg Free Democrat, in its issue of November 13, 1856, says, 
 editorially, "Our present school pens should be sold for coal houses." These 
 conditions can easily be accounted for. The people of Illinois did not believe 
 in common schools at that date; there was no free school law in Illinois till 
 1855, nineteen years after the settlement of the Galesburg colony. It is true, 
 a free school law was enacted by the legislature in 1825. 
 
 SCHOOL LAW OF 
 
 This law provided that common schools should be established free and open 
 to ever>- class of white citizens between the ages of five and twenty-one years. 
 The legal voters were empowered at the annual meeting to levy a tax of one- 
 
OS 
 
 V. 2 
 
 3' 
 
 c 
 
 i 
 
648-: - HISTORY OF KXOX COUNTY 
 
 architecture of that period. The floor was an inclined plane sloping from the 
 rear to the front where the teacher's desk was placed, the object being to have 
 the pupils in full view of the teacher. The pupils who attended that school all 
 remember what a capital place the aisles were to slide down hill, and on this 
 account it has not been forgotten. Mr. Colton. it is said, afterwards regretted 
 that all the schoolhouses were not built on this plan. It would seat sixty pupils. 
 
 , Vy-^ THE FIRST TEACHER 
 
 Mr. Eli Farnham taught the first school in this building in the winter of 
 1840-41. The school was in session from four to six months each jear; the 
 teacher was generally a college student who was in need of money to complete 
 his education. Prof. George Churchill, when a boy, went to this school in the 
 winter of 1840-41 and taught it in the winter of 1848-49. when he was a sopho- 
 more in college. He received a dollar a day and boarded around, sleeping at 
 home. One of his pupils was Miss Mary Allen West. 
 
 LOCATION OF SCHOOLHOUSES 
 
 The names and the locations of the different school buildings at the time 
 the districts were consolidated in 1858, were as follows : Ferris Street school, 
 on the north side of Ferris street, west of Cherry street; East Main Street 
 school, sometimes called the Brick school, on the southwest corner of Main 
 and Pine streets ; West Main Street school, sometimes known as the Parker 
 school, on the south side of Main street, just east of Walnut avenue; Simmons 
 Street school, known for a time as the Blanchard school, on the north side of 
 Simmons street, east of Academy ; Tompkins Street school, where the First 
 Baptist church now stands ; Monmouth Street school, at the junction of Mon- 
 mouth and Brooks streets ; Chambers Street school, known as the Depot school 
 on First street, just west of Chambers street; Kellogg Street school, on the 
 southwest corner of Kellogg and Losey streets. ; , 
 
 POVERTY OF THE DISTRICTS 
 
 Comparing the dates of the purchase of the different school sites, with the 
 years when it is certainly known schools were conducted on these premises, it 
 is evident that the first schoolhouses were "squatters" too poor to own the 
 land on which they stood. The buildings themselves gave evidence of their 
 poverty. The Galesburg Free Democrat, in its issue of November 13, 1856, says, 
 editorially. "Our present school pens should be sold for coal houses." These 
 conditions can easily be accounted for. The people of Illinois did not believe 
 in common schools at that date ; there was no free school law in Illinois till 
 1855, nineteen years after the settlement of the Galesburg colony. It is true, 
 a free school law was enacted by the legislature in 1825. 
 
 .. . SCHOOL LAW OF 1825 ; . ; ' '' 
 
 This law provided that common schools should be established free and open 
 to ever\' class of white citizens between the ages of five and twenty-one years. 
 The legal voters were empowered at the annual meeting to levy a tax of one- 
 
3 
 
 5. > 
 
HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY -; >; 549 
 
 half of one per cent, subject to a maximum limitation of $io to any one person. 
 An appropriation was made by the state of $2 out of every $ioo received into 
 the treasury. This, together with the interest on the state common school fund, 
 which consisted of three per cent of the net proceeds of the sales of public lands, 
 two townships donated for founding and maintaining a seminary of learning, and 
 the surplus revenue of the United States distributed by act of Congress in 1837, 
 made possible quite a complete system of public schools. To this must be 
 added, of course, the income from the i6th section of .every township the most 
 munificent donation ever made to public education by a government. This came 
 from Congress in compliance with the ordinance of 1787, which enjoined that 
 "schools and the means of education shall forever be encouraged." But the 
 law was so amended in 1827, as virtually to nullify it by providing that no 
 person should be taxed for the maintenance of any school unless his consent 
 was first obtained in writing, and the continuance of the state appropriation of $2 
 out of every $ioo received into the treasury, being its very life, was denied. 
 In 1845, even the interest on the state fund was suspended, owing to the em- 
 barrassed condition of the finances this state, like many others, having stopped 
 paying interest on her public debt. From this date, 1827, to 1855, there were 
 repeated amendments and revisions of the school law by the legislature, but they 
 had no effect upon the schools, for they all wanted tlie vital principle of the tax- 
 ing power. As late as 1852, the total local tax for school purposes in the whole 
 state of Illinois amounted to only fifty-one thousand dollars. The school law 
 remained a dead letter for twenty-eight years ; and it was during this period that 
 the Galesburg colony was founded and grew to have a population of three 
 thousand. Under these conditions it is no wonder that the schoolhouses of 
 Galesburg were but little better than coal houses and that only three of them 
 owned the land on which they stood. .-. . 
 
 ''.''.;''.; ^-V;:--;:'/;; ;;=.;, VV THE SCHOOL SECTION -..:. ~-" 
 
 The income from the sixteenth section was, practically, all the support upon 
 which the schools could depend till 1855, or rather 1856, when the tax provided 
 by the law of 1855 became available. Thus the sixteenth section was a matter 
 of great importance at that time. Where it was, what disposition was made of 
 it, and how much was realized from it, forms part of the school history of those 
 days; and it is certainly a matter of interest to us to-day, as we receive annually 
 the income from that portion of this fund which we got when it was divided 
 between Galesburg and the remainder of the township. 
 
 In an article, "A Brief History of Knox College," prepared by the Rev. Geo. 
 W. Gale in 1845, "for the double purpose of public information and a document 
 of reference," he says: "The school section (640 acres) given by the govern- 
 ment for primary schools, fell near the town, and has yielded a permanent fund 
 of $7,000, the interest of which with the annual state appropriations nearly fur- 
 nishes gratuitous instruction to every child in the township. Some of two hun- 
 dred children now profit by this fund." This was written nine years after the 
 founding of the colony. The greater part of the school section lies within the 
 city limits. Main street, west from Henderson street to Linwood cemetery, is 
 its north boundary; and Henderson street, south from Main street to Fifth 
 street, is its east boundary. . ;'. 
 
550 HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY . 
 
 ',' INCOME FROM TOWNSHIP FUND 
 
 When this fund was divided between the city and the township there is no - 
 
 record of the amount that came to the city. Whatever that amount was the 
 board of education has to-day $5,133.55, which is this fund plus $221.20, Gales- T'.- 
 
 burg's share of the county fund that was distributed in 1908 by the county super- 
 intendent. 
 
 The records of those days show that school funds were loaned at lo per cent. 
 Thus the net income from the township fund would be about $550 annually. This 
 was practically the amount of available funds for school purposes from 1839 to 
 1855. The population of the township in 1840, including the village of Gales- 
 burg, was 516, and in 1855 the population of the village alone was 2,916. Dur- 
 ing these fifteen years the public schools of the village and township of Gales- 
 burg, with a population never less than 500 and reaching 4,000. had for their sup- 
 port but little more than $500 a year not enough to provide for more than two 
 schools where there should have been from three to twenty. That the public 
 school accommodations were entirely inadequate and miserably poor in Galesburg '; .; 
 prior to 1855 is no reflection on the intelligence or public spirit of the good people .. % '. ' 
 of that time. After this date, however, when the present free school law was ,:..*:;(.' 
 enacted, one would naturally expect to find in this community good schools with . r; >; . 
 sufficient accommodations. . : ' .'i.r 
 
 ^: ;-v.::.; PUBLIC INDIFFERENCE TO SCHOOLS :.-; ;.'-.-. 
 
 In the issue of Jan. ist, 1857, of the Galesburg Free Democrat, is an article 
 signed by "E. S. W." (E. S. Wilcox, professor of modern languages in Knox ^ 
 college) in which he advocates forming union graded schools and pronounces the 
 present schools inefficient, worse than useless a shame to the community. In 
 the issue of April 13, 1859, is an article signed "Tax-Payer" in which he says: 
 "I believe I may safely assert that there is not another town in the state of Illi- 
 nois, having as large a population as Galesburg, that has done so little, directly, 
 for the improvement of its common schools." In an editorial of Sept. 3, 1859, 
 appears the following: "The fair name of the 'College City' is being tarnished 
 by our shameful negligence of the interests of our common schools. While we 
 rejoice in the higher educational facilities afforded by our colleges and semi- 
 naries, let us no longer disgrace ourselves by neglecting the masses in our midst, 
 whose right training is more intimately connected with our future prosperity 
 than that of any other class." In an article on union graded schools by Professor 
 Churchill, Nov. 20, 1856. is this sentence : "A schoolhouse could be built which 
 instead of being a burning disgrace to us would be our brightest glory." He 
 must then have had a vision of that schoolhouse which was built ten years later 
 and which to-day bears his name. ,. ,. . ;; . ; .. :, . . 
 
 .-' ^ '/:-:'-.'' JOHN F. EBERHART '''::'.'_.,;]:': ^^-.'f':^'^'^^.-:: 
 
 In the Editor's Table of the Illinois Teacher, Feb. 27, 1857, 's an article on 
 Galesburg by John F. Eberhart, one of the distinguished educational pioneers 
 of Illinois, a promoter of the union graded school system, in which may be found 
 
. ./^-f ; :-;i; ; HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY 551 
 
 the following: "Galesburg is a pleasant city, and has already acquired a mer- 
 ited fame for literary enterprise. Lombard university, Knox male and female 
 colleges all school buildings nearly completed are institutions of a high grade 
 and throw a halo of light about the place. The citizens are generally intelligent 
 and kind and probably think less of money and more of mind than is customary 
 for a western city. However, amid all their aspirations for the formation of an 
 intelligent community and the full development of true manhood and woman- . 
 hood, one very important feature has, until lately, been overlooked. Their am- 
 bition has soared above the common schools. The dilapidated condition of the 
 public schools bears a woeful testimony of their neglect. The buildings are poor, , 
 the teachers receive poor wages and the result is that they have poor schools." ;; 
 
 ''r-^V:^\iV;;.^-,V/''iy'''''i -'.-:''"''' SIMEON WRIGHT ':"- '-I'/,: '-''?'.'' 'i 
 
 Simeon Wright, another of our distinguished educational pioneers, as state 
 agent of the Illinois Teacher, wrote up Galesburg for the July (1858) issue as 
 follows: "I am on classic ground. The very atmosphere breathes incense to 
 the goddess of letters and science. The severe elegance of Knox college and 
 fair proportions of Lombard university are the material embodiment of the spirit 
 of the place. Here are the higher institutions of learning just emerging from 
 infancy in all the vigor of a young giantess, and here, also, are eight overshadowed 
 public schools, and until recently there were as many districts." After referring, 
 in complimentary terms, to Professors Churchill, Standish and Wilcox as educa- 
 tors who most fully recognized the dependence of the college on the common 
 school, he makes this plea for the eight overshadowed public schools : "Would 
 the college raise the standard of scholarship? Raise the standard of elementary 
 education. Would she gain more students? Elevate the common school. 
 Would she extend her influence? Extend sympathy and aid to the common 
 schools. The more good public schools there are the more minds will feel 
 the kindling fire and gaze longingly toward the higher hills of science. The col- 
 lege must grow with the growth of popular knowledge. Eranklin once said: 
 "Take care of the dimes : the dollars will take care of themselves." Take care v 
 of the common schools and the colleges will take care of themselves. \ 
 
 i-..'^\ .;''--^V -.:^' ;:'':"/' '^-;--' ATTITUDE OF THE COLLEGE ;, '--.. -'^fV '':;-'' , '' 
 
 That it was thought necessary to make such a plea as this to college men 
 and to a college community seems strange; for one would naturally think that 
 the common school was the child of the college, but history tells a different story. - 
 The two institutions had different origins, with little in common. Gov. Berkeley, 
 who thanked God that there were no free schools in Virginia and hoped that 
 there would be none for a hundred years to come, contributed to the founding 
 of a college, William and Mary's, and that without any feeling of inconsistency. 
 Happily, with the world's broader vision, all this is changed now, and colleges - 
 and universities are the friends of the public schools. ; r 
 
 There were several causes operating to produce this hostility to public schools. 
 In the first place, as Professor Churchill says, "Every man. woman and child 
 came here to build up Knox college. They were more interested in this even than 
 
552 HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY 
 
 in founding the city. Whenever a child had learned to read, write and spell and 
 was ready to study arithmetic and grammar he was entered in the preparatory 
 department of the college. As a rule children entered the academy when they 
 were ten years of age." Under these conditions the people did not feel the need 
 of public schools and naturally enough they regarded them as a competitor to 
 their favorite institution. Professor Churchill was warned time and again by 
 some of the close friends of the college that he was injuring that institution and 
 jeopardizing his own position by his activity in promoting public schools. Their 
 fears were not altogether groundless. The year before the union graded schools 
 were organized Knox academy enrolled over 350 students to 60 in the college de- 
 partment; the following year the enrollment was less than 150. 
 
 ;. ; * . PRIVATE SCHOOLS '.:.; V :v; "j: 
 
 The income from the township fund being inadequate to furnish all the 
 children what in those days was regarded as primary education, private schools, 
 or select schools, as they preferred to call themselves, sprang up. Mrs. Geo. A. 
 Tryon, who started such a school in 1856, told the writer that she could recall 
 four others in the village at that time. For twenty years the people had to depend. 
 to a great extent, upon these schools, and they were a power whose interests 
 were antagonistic to free schools, that had to be reckoned with when it 
 came to forming the free union graded schools. Even after the districts were 
 united, such was the influence of these select schools and so strong was the 
 feeling in their behalf that, in order to get the children to attend the new schools, 
 it was necessary for the directors to incorporate, as it were, some of these 
 schools into the new system of free public schools. Professor Churchill, who 
 was one of the three directors that, organized the union graded schools, is the 
 authority for this statement. Mrs. Tryon had a private school of eighty pupils 
 at that time, and she took fifty of them with her to the old post office building, 
 and they were placed in the grammar department, without examination, of which 
 she was made principal an excellent person she was for this position, having 
 had experience in graded schools in Ohio. Private schools of this type, or 
 better designated as select schools, died hard, the last one not passing away until 
 the late '8os. . .; .'iV;. :- : ; V . ' 
 
 . . JEALX)USY OF THE DISTRICTS .-.-': 
 
 The fact that the city was divided into eight separate and independent dis- 
 tricts, each with its rights, its interests, its jealousies, was another source of op- 
 position. The reason this opposition alone did not prove to be insurmountable, 
 was due to the poverty of the districts, they not having enough property to 
 quarrel over. - ., . . . ; -^ ....-,,. 
 
 . ^ ; . CONDITIONS OPPOSED TO FREE SCHOOLS ; .'.^: : 
 
 These were the conditions that caused Galesburg to move slowly in forming 
 a system of public education after the free school law was adopted in 1855 ; and 
 the fact that it was a comparatively old settled community, with three to five 
 thousand inhabitants, with its habits of thought and its local institutions formed 
 
.'5:: 
 
 1^ 
 
 lf'_ 
 
 S. o 
 < c 
 
 = o 
 
 =0. > 
 
 i^- t 
 
 ^' n 
 
 S.- ffi 
 
 X c 
 
 ^? o^ 
 
552 HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY F 
 
 in founding the cit\ . \\'henever a child had learned to read, write and spell and 
 was ready to study arithmetic and grammar he was entered in the preparatory 
 department of the college. As a rule children entered the academy when they 
 were ten years of age." Under these conditions the people did not feel the need 
 of public schools and naturally enough they regarded them as a competitor to 
 their favorite institution. Professor Churchill was warned time and again by 
 some of the close friends of the college that he was injuring that institution and 
 jeopardizing his own position by his activity in promoting public schools. Their 
 fears were not altogether groundless. The year before the union graded schools 
 were organized Knox academy enrolled over 350 students to 60 in the college de- 
 partment; the following year the enrollment was less than 150. 
 
 . - ; : ' PRIVATE SCHOOLS 
 
 The income from the township fund being inadequate to furnish all the 
 children what in those days was regarded as priniar\ education, private schools, 
 or select schools, as they preferred to call themselves, sprang up. Mrs. Geo. A. 
 Tryon, who started such a school in 1856. told the writer that she could recall 
 four others in the village at that time. For twenty years the people had to depend, 
 to a great extent, upon these schools, and they were a power whose interests 
 were antagonistic to free schools, that had to be reckoned with when it 
 came to forming the free union graded schools. Even after the districts were 
 united, such was the influence of these select schools and so strong was the 
 feeling in their behalf that, in order to get the children to attend the new schools, 
 it was necessary for the directors to incorporate, as it were, some of these 
 schools into the new system of free public schools. Professor Churchill, who 
 was one of the three directors that organized the union graded schools, is the 
 authority for this statement. Mrs. Tryon had a private school of eighty pupils 
 at that time, and she took fifty of them with her to the old post office building, 
 and they were placed in the grammar department, without examination, of which 
 she was made principal an excellent person she was for this position, having 
 had experience in graded schools in Ohio. Private schools of this type, or 
 better designated as select schools, died hard, the last one not passing away until 
 the late '8os. ,. r-; . : 
 
 /. 
 
 ' : JEALOUSY OF THE DISTRICTS 
 
 The fact that the city was divided into eight separate and independent dis- 
 tricts, each with its rights, its interests, its jealousies, was another source of op- 
 position. The reason this opposition alone did not prove to be insurmountable, 
 was due to the poverty of the districts, they not having enough property to 
 quarrel over. .. : - 
 
 ;: COXDITIONS OPPOSED TO FREE SCHOOLS v - 
 
 Tiiese were the conditions that caused Galesburg to move slowly in forming 
 a system of public education after the free school law was adopted in 1855 ; and 
 the fact that it was a comparatively old settled community, with three to five 
 thousand inhabitants, with its habits of thought and its local institutions formed 
 
s-A 
 2-- 
 
 f2 
 
"/ HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY 553 
 
 ''' ' .; *: s. V. ' 
 
 and adjusted to a different state of things, would tend to retard any radical 
 change. To satisfy the college, to placate the private schools, to quiet the 
 fears of capital, and to convince the eight districts that the interests of each 
 would be served better by one united district, was an undertaking of the first 
 magnitude, compared to which any other event in the history of our schools is 
 insignificant. 
 
 - '.'. v . ' '-''''.- ''. 
 
 .,;';-:;:'';-;:.;:%.-,' PROFESSOR CHURCHILL .;. : .^;:v 
 
 It is perfectly evident that this movement could never have been successful 
 without a great leader, a man with a vision, broad minded, progressive, patient, 
 good-natured, forgetful of self, believing profoundly in education, and in closest 
 sympathy with his fellowmen, and that man was George Churchill. Others of 
 course there were, who rendered noble service to the cause, but in every step 
 taken to organize the union graded schools and to secure the present charter, 
 he led the way. Professor George Churchill is as truly the founder of the 
 public schools of Galesburg as the Rev. George W. Gale is the founder of the 
 city. When the time comes, in the history of Galesburg, for erecting monuments 
 to its great characters the first should have carved on it Rev. George W. Gale, 
 Founder of the City, and the second should bear the name George Churchill, 
 Founder of the Public Schools. / 
 
 He was endowed by nature and qualified by training for the part he took in 
 this great work. At ten years of age he came with his parents to Galesburg, in 
 1839, three years after the first settlers. He attended the first public school 
 taught in Galesburg, in the winter of 1840-41. He taught the same school in 
 the winter of 1848-49, when a sophomore in college. After graduating from 
 Knox college, he taught a year in Farmington. He then spent a year in Europe, 
 devoting much of his time to the public schools of Germany, especially the 
 Frederick William Gymnasium, a graded school of four thousand students from 
 seven to seventeen years of age. He said it was here that he first imbibed his 
 enthusiasm for graded public schools. Full of this spirit he returned to Gales- 
 burg and took charge of Knox academy, in 1855, the very year the free 
 school law was passed. In the winter of this year, he attended the State 
 Teachers' association at Bloomington. He met Dr. Bateman there and came 
 home with fresh enthusiasm, and began writing articles for the Galesburg Free 
 Democrat to show the advantages of graded schools and a consolidated district. 
 
 ;''.'''. ^.. ';:- >V''.> ',:;. . HENRY BARNARD ':-.:-. '' 
 
 In December, 1856, he read a paper on German schools at the State Teachers' 
 association in Chicago. Henry Barnard, who was present and heard this 
 paper, at once became interested in the young man from Galesburg; and there 
 was no man in this country, engaged in public school work, whose friendship 
 could be so valuable to one in Professor Churchill's position, wrestling with the 
 problem of organizing and grading a system of schools. Henry Barnard was 
 the pioneer of educational journalism in America, and he had done for the 
 schools of Connecticut what Horace Mann did for the schools of Massachusetts, 
 
 rganized and graded them. Before the sessions of this meeting had ad- 
 
554 HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY 
 
 journed, he promised Professor Churchill to aid him in getting men of recog- 
 nized ability and great experience in organizing and grading schools, to come 
 to Galesburg and conduct an educational campaign. Before returning home 
 Professor Churchill, on the advice of Professor Barnard, engaged Mr. W. S. 
 Baker, who had been one of Barnard's lieutenants in Connecticut for six weeks, 
 agreeing to pay him one hundred dollars and his board. 
 
 / . . : W. B. BAKER . : 
 
 Mr. Baker began his six weeks' campaign in Galesburg in January, 1857. 
 He would go to a school for a half day or more at a time and enthuse the teacher 
 and pupils. Then he would visit the leading members of the district and explain 
 to them the advantages of consolidation. Afternoon meetings were also held in the 
 Old First church to which parents and children came, the church always being 
 full, and Mr. Baker would address them on the benefits of a union graded school 
 system. , ' ;' ' ^ ./''" 'r '"'.-..''' '';^ :'''._'' 
 
 HORACE MANN / 
 
 In the following March, Horace Mann, the greatest educator America has 
 produced, a most eloquent and irresistible speaker, was induced to come to 
 Galesburg and deliver two lectures on free graded schools. These lectures were 
 also delivered in the Old First church, and the result of them, following as they 
 did, so closely the work of Mr. Baker, was a complete moral victory of con- 
 solidated districts and graded schools, though formal and official action was 
 not taken till May or June, of the next year. Professor Churchill and Silas 
 Willard paid the expenses of Mr. Baker and Horace Mann in this missionary 
 campaign. ' / . . ' ; : - j 
 
 ' : V^rf,^; SILAS WILLARD ^ .:, 
 
 Another remarkable result of these lectures : Mr. Silas Willard, in the prime 
 of life, perhaps the leading merchant of the city, dying at his home of tubercu- 
 losis, requested Horace Mann to call on him the morning after his second lec- 
 ture, which he did in company with Prof. Churchill. At the close of this con- 
 ference Mr. Willard said that he would provide in his will thirty thousand dol- 
 lars for building a union graded school, and he thought he would donate two 
 or three acres of ground on the northwest corner of Main and Chambers streets 
 for the building site. The Galesburg Free Democrat of March 3ist, 1857, closes 
 an editorial with this sentence: "Silas Willard was buried in the old cemetery 
 to-day and was followed to the grave by the largest concourse which ever turned 
 out in Galesburg to honor the dead." Mr. Willard did provide in his will thirty 
 thousand dollars for building a union graded school, but there is no record of 
 the district receiving the money. Even if the city did not get the thirty thou- 
 sand dollars it had the effect of stimulating the people to action, for in the Illinois 
 Teacher of April, 1858, is this item : "Meetings of citizens of Galesburg have 
 been held to initiate measures for the establishment of a system of union graded 
 schools in that city and for obtaining the benefit of the bequest of the late Silas 
 Willard." The school records do show that his widow did offer to give the land 
 
'^:' A > ;> HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY 555 
 
 on the northwest corner of Main and Chambers streets for a building site for the 
 new schoolhouse, but the board of education, for reasons not given in the rec- 
 ords, purchased instead the lot on the southwest corner of Broad and Simmons 
 streets. Why not name the next school building the Silas Willard school? 
 
 --,r 'v'; .. ;; .'". .;.;:.. UNION GRADED SCHOOLS ADOPTED . ?"'":-'; ":.^''V-:,V: 
 
 This system came into being in May or June, 1858, and ceased to exist June 
 II, i86i, when the present system was organized. Apparently no attempt was 
 made to grade the schools during the first year of this period. In fact the people 
 ', did not seem anxious to conduct them according to the new system after it was 
 adopted. There were several provisions in the law that made it undesirable, and 
 they thought the best way to remedy these would be to secure a school charter 
 
 from the legislature. ' ! - 
 
 ;';.{-; ,-/.'..-;;:;';,--^> :_':. -/'-'.;v'':Uy/.;' THE SCHOOL CHARTER .;;.; ^. \.v"''"'--^'-'iv. 
 
 : For this purpose a series of mass meetings was held in the early part of 1858. 
 
 At one of these meetings a committee of fifteen was appointed to draft a charter 
 ^ to present to the legislature. On this committee were Dr. Skinner of Lombard 
 . and Judge Lanphere. Professor Churchill was made chairman of the commit- 
 , tee. Judge Lanphere was made chairman of a sub-committee to draw up a 
 
 charter and present it to the legislature. 
 
 .' .- ' ' . '- - ?'- . 
 
 ,- . _ . -.-. i' .' 
 
 ': ":.:';" \^ TWO JOKERS IN THE CHARTER ;- , ; ,. 'v 
 
 There were two significant provisions inserted in the last section of the char- 
 : ter which were the means of delaying its going into operation for two years 
 . and seven months. The first of these provisos was, that the act shall not take 
 effect or be in force unless the majority of the legal voters shall decide in its 
 / favor; the usual form would have been to require a majority of the votes cast 
 ' at the election. The second proviso was, that the election for this purpose must 
 be held at such a time and conducted in such a manner as the council of said 
 . city may direct. Both of these provisions were innocent looking, and they are 
 . customary in such instruments, but each contained a joker, showing the char- 
 acter of the opposition, which was composed of men who were always on the 
 
 alert and especially skillful the "standpatters" of those days, but, as it will be 
 , seen, they were fighting a losing cause. 
 
 .^: ,;:":.; :;v-^'' "' ELECTION DENIED BY COUNCIL ';;:":'; \-' ^v;'--;' ' 
 
 ' Early in the spring of 1859 the friends of the charter or those, as the Free 
 ' Democrat puts it, who wanted more than six months of school in a year for the 
 , children of the city, appealed to the city council to submit the adoption of the 
 . charter to a vote of the people, but it, in its wisdom, refused to call an election 
 for that purpose. . :- 
 
556 . , ' : HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY 
 ; . ;. SCHOOL DIRECTORS ELECTED 
 
 The friends of free graded schools having spent a year, since the consolida- 
 tion of the districts, in trying to secure a charter that would give more liberal 
 provisions for public schools than were contained in the union graded school act, 
 and seeing no hope in the immediate future that the city council would allow 
 a vote to be taken on the charter, determined to do the best that could be done 
 with the law they had. An election for school directors for school district No. 
 1, comprising all the schools of the city, was held on the first Monday of Sep- 
 tember, 1859. This was the regular time for holding school elections in those 
 days. George Churchill, A. B. Campbell and J. H. Knapp were nominated at a 
 called meeting of the citizens held on the Saturday evening before. There were 
 two hundred and fifty votes cast, and these men were elected by a majority of 
 sixty-three votes. ;:;.''.'':;'/' 
 
 - UNION GRADED SCHOOLS ORGANIZED ;" I - 
 
 The board of directors went to work immediately to organize a system of 
 graded schools, free to all citizens of Galesburg between five and twenty-one 
 years of age. The schools up to that time had been mixed schools, having the 
 advanced scholars in the same room with those learning their A B C's; and the 
 variety of text-books was said to be some less than the number of pupils. The 
 first thing the board did was to grade the scholars according to advancement in 
 studies into four departments : Primary, secondary, grammar and high school. 
 Many scholars, it was said, had been educated in one branch and neglected in 
 others ; hence a regular course of study was outlined and uniform text-books 
 were adopted. 
 
 UNION GRADED SCHOOLS OPENED 
 
 The primary and secondary schools were opened Monday, Sept. 19, 1859, in 
 ihe eight schoolhouses that had come to the board by the consolidation of the 
 districts. There were eight teachers in these schools, and 400 pupils were en- 
 rolled the first week and 639 during the year. The advanced departments, 
 grammar and high school, were opened, Wednesday, Sept. 28, 1859, in rooms 
 rented by the board. Three of these rooms were in the old post office building 
 on South Broad street, opposite the Old First church. The board rented three 
 other rooms this year, but where it is uncertain, probably two of them in the 
 northwest corner of the square, the property of Mr. C. S. Colton, for the ad- 
 vanced departments, and the other perhaps, in an outlying section, for the ele- 
 mentary grades. The number of pupils enrolled during the year in the high 
 school department was 60, and in the grammar department i6o, making a total 
 enrollment of 859 for the year in all departments. The number of teachers was 
 fourteen, and they received $2,197.90 in salaries. The total cost of the schools 
 for the year was $3,176.89. 
 
 THE CHARTER ADOPTED 
 
 The city council, which had refused in 1859 to allow the people the privilege 
 of voting on the charter, had a change of heart the next year after the city elec- 
 tions and decided to submit the charter to a vote of the people, calling an elec- 
 
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8911 HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY 
 
 . SCHOOL DIRECTORS ELECTED : > . .- 
 
 Tlie friends of free graded schools having spent a year, since the consolida- 
 tion of the districts, in trying to secure a charter that would give more liberal 
 provisions for public schools than were contained in the union graded school act, 
 and seeing no hope in the immediate future that the city council would allow 
 a vote to he taken on the charter, determined to do the best that could be done 
 with the law they had. An election for school directors for school district No. 
 I, comprising all the schools of the city, was held on the first Monday of Sep- 
 teml^er. 1859. This was the regular time for holding school elections in those 
 days. George Churchill. A. B. Campbell and J. H. Knapp were nominated at a 
 called meeting of the citizens held on the Saturday evening before. There were 
 two hundred and fifty votes cast, and these men were elected by a majority of 
 sixty-three votes. 
 
 I'NIOX GRADED SCHOOLS ORGANIZED ' ' 
 
 The Iward of directors went to work immediately to organize a system of 
 graded schools, free to all citizens of Galesburg between five and twenty-one 
 }ears of age. The schools up to that time had been mixed schools, having the 
 advanced scholars in the same room with those learning their A B C's ; and the 
 variety of text-Iwoks was said to be some less than the number of pupils. The 
 first thing the board did was to grade the scholars according to advancement in 
 studies into four departments : Primary, secondary, grammar and high school. 
 Many scholars, it was said, had been educated in one branch and neglected in 
 others; hence a regular course of study was outlined and uniform text-books 
 were adopted. 
 
 UNION GRADED SCHOOLS OPENED 
 
 The primary and secondary schools were opened Monday, Sept. 19, 1859, in 
 ihe eight schoolhouses that had come to the board by the consolidation of the 
 districts. There were eight teachers in these schools, and 400 pupils were en- 
 rolled the first week and 639 during the year. The advanced departments, 
 grammar and high school, were opened. Wednesday. Sept. 28. 1859. in rooms 
 rented by the board. Three of these rooms were in the old post office building 
 on South Broad street, opposite the Old First church. The board rented three 
 other rooms this year, but where it is uncertain, probably t\vo of them in the 
 northwest corner of the square, the property of Mr. C. S. Colton, for the ad- 
 vanced departments, and the other perhaps, in an outlying section, for the ele- 
 mentary grades. The number of pupils enrolled during the year in the high 
 school department was 60, and in the grammar department i6o. making a total 
 enrollment of 859 for the year in all departments. The number of teachers was 
 fourteen, and they received $2,197.90 in salaries. The total cost of the schools 
 for the year was $3.176.89. 
 
 THE CHARTER ADOPTED . ; 
 
 The city council, which had refused in 1859 to allow the people the privilege 
 of voting on the charter, had a change of heart the next year after the city elec- 
 tions and decided to submit the charter to a vote of the people, calling an elec- 
 
" 
 
 I- G 
 
 X. 
 
 t .-' 
 s 
 
 t; - 
 
 23 
 
HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY 557 
 
 tion for that purpose to be held on Saturday, June 30, 1860. The friends of 
 the charter immediately inaugurated a campaign in its favor, but they were fear- 
 ful of the result, for they labored under a great disadvantage, as they had to 
 get all their voters to the polls on election day, whereas their opponents had cily 
 to remain away from the polls. The Free Democrat on the evening before the 
 election said, editorially: "To-morrow (Saturday) has been set apart by our 
 city fathers for a vote upon the new school charter. It will be noticed that a 
 majority of all the legal voters must vote for it in order to make it a law. Its 
 adoption will, therefore, require nearly 600 votes in its favor, and its friends will, 
 no doubt, realize the necessity of untiring vigilance; every voter who stays at 
 home practically votes against it." On election day there were cast 505 votes for 
 the act and 55 votes against the act. The friends of the charter were satisfied 
 and its opponents were silenced, as the majority was so decisive that any contest 
 was out of the question, the highest number of votes cast at the last election 
 being 629. The city council accordingly, on July 3, 1860, having canvassed the 
 votes as above, declared the school charter legally adopted and a part of the law 
 of the city. This was in July, 1860; but the schools were not organized under 
 the charter until September, i86i. The explanation of this is, that the charter 
 provides for the election of directors on the first Monday in June ; hence, a board 
 of education could not be elected until June, i86i. 
 
 :;;.;;>. -::',] ':':' LAST YEAR OF UNION GRADED SCHOOLS ^: :'' 
 
 There was nothing to do but to continue the union graded schools for another 
 year, which was done, with R. B. Guild as superintendent of instruction and 
 seventeen lady assistants, being an increase of four teachers over the previous 
 year. A complete roster of these teachers may be found in Root's Galesburg 
 city directory for the year i86i, a copy of which is in the public library. There 
 were nine buildings for the primary and secondary schools, with twelve teachers. 
 The central school, for the grammar and high school departments, was held 
 this year on the west side of the square with five teachers, in rooms rented from 
 Mr. C. S. Colton. There was a special teacher of penmanship; the German 
 language and the rudiments of vocal music were taught; declamations and 
 compositions were required weekly; and a teachers' class was formed in the fall 
 and spring for the especial benefit of those wishing to teach. With this year 
 the union graded school system, originally the ideal system of public schools, 
 came to an end, having been in operation only two years ; but a stronger, better 
 and more complete system took its place the present one, which came into 
 existence on the first Monday of June, i86i, by the election of the board of 
 education of the Galesburg school district. . ' 
 
 ADVANTAGES OF A CHARTER - 
 
 The provision of the charter that makes the treasurer and clerk of the city, 
 ex-officio treasurer and clerk of the board of education has, in a large measure, 
 preserved the schools in the past from political domination, by taking away the 
 "sinews" of political warfare. If the board appointed its own treasurer, as it 
 would do under the general law, then all the banks and their officials would be 
 
558 HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY 
 
 interested in the membership of the board, not for the good of the schools, 
 particularly, but for their own benefit, as the school fund is one of the best 
 deposits. If it appointed its own clerk, as it would do under the general law, 
 then the politician for revenue would be interested in who is elected to the board, 
 for that office is good for a salary of a thousand to fifteen hundred dollars, under 
 political management. As it is, there is nothing in the management of the 
 schools by the board of education, organized under the charter, to call forth 
 the legitimate interest of any one, except the welfare of the schools alone. 
 
 The provision that empowers the board to locate the school buildings without 
 submitting each to a vote of the people as it would be required to do under the 
 general law, has saved the schools, and the city too, from much bitter and need- 
 less strife. Nothing so paralyzes the efficiency of a school as the warring of 
 antagonistic interests in its administration. 
 
 '.;>;;:?., THE LAST BATTLE FOR FREE SCHOOLS . ;:;^:..' ;;i'; 
 
 At the third meeting of the board of education, held on July 9, i86i, the 
 last move in the battle against free schools, that had been so persistently and 
 ably waged since 1855, was begun. In a section of the charter, which declares 
 that the schools shall be free, follows this clause, "or upon the payment of such 
 rates of tuition as the board shall prescribe." All the facts in the history of the 
 case being considered, this looks very much like another joker. In accordance 
 with this provision the following resolution was introduced: "Resolved, That 
 all student residents attending the Central school shall pay the sum of fifty 
 cents per quarter tuition, and all attending other schools shall pay twenty-five 
 cents per quarter, all to be paid in advance." Both the wording and the spirit 
 of this resolution are an echo from a past age. On motion of Mr. Qement Leach, 
 the member from the Fifth ward, it was laid on the table until the next meeting. 
 At the next meeting, July I5th, the motion was taken up for consideration and 
 after a full discussion, the vote was finally called, and it stood three yeas and 
 three nays. Hon. Alfred Knowles, v/ho was then mayor of the city, was 
 presiding, and it fell to him to cast the deciding vote, which he did, on the side 
 of the negative, in favor of free schools. Thus Mr. Knowles had the honor of 
 firing the last shot in the battle for free schools, and, because he fired it in the 
 right direction, his name will never be allowed to die. 
 
 .,..; '.v," '. V,-' SCHOOL BUILDINGS -^-'AV'''--'-'";- ^' "O'-V ^ 
 
 The most serious problem that confronted the board of education when it 
 was first organized under the present charter in June, i86i, was the providing 
 of schoolhouses. Galesburg was then a city of about six thousand inhabitants 
 with more than eight hundred pupils enrolled in its schools. It practically had 
 no school buildings. It is true that the district owned six or eight one-room 
 schoolhouses, but they were built in the days of the independent school districts 
 and were now unfit for school purposes. One of the chief reasons for con- 
 solidating the districts in 1858, was to enable the people the better to provide 
 themselves with suitable school buildings. Thus it is seen that the board of 
 education was required not merely to make provision for the natural growth of 
 
"^^ ^^ : - HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY . ^ :. 559 
 
 the city, as the people of today are called upon to do, but to provide at once 
 school buildings for a city with a population of six thousand. 
 
 It was not, however, until the first of January, 1867, that the first building 
 was, completed and ready for occupancy. It was then called the high school ; it 
 is today known as the Churchill school. The completion of this building was 
 the fulfillment of the dream, of the independent districts when they voted to 
 unite in 1858. It was an imposing building for that day, comparing favorably 
 with Knox college on the south and Lombard university on the east and 
 costing about the same as each of these institutions dedicated to higher education. 
 Its erection may rightly be considered as one of the great events in the history of 
 Galesburg, since it caused the common schools to be recognized as one of the 
 public and important institutions of the city. It was a credit and an ornament 
 to the city. The State Teachers' association showed its appreciation of what 
 had been done in Galesburg for public education by holding its annual meeting 
 of 1867, in the new building. 
 
 - The completion of this building was the first great event in the history of the 
 schools after the adoption of the charter, and, strange to say, it precipitated the 
 first and most serious crisis the schools have yet met. The plant had cost ap- 
 proximately sixty thousand dollars and that was too much for a community that 
 had but recently been converted to the free school system. At the annual school 
 election of that year when the board of education asked for the power to issue 
 more bonds with which to build two new schoolhouses, the people arose and 
 administered to it a crushing defeat. The whole trend of school affairs was 
 changed by it. New schoolhouses were thereafter reluctantly built and they 
 were cheaply constructed ; the board, when it attempted to levy a tax for a new 
 building became involved in a suit with the city council ; it escaped an injunction 
 only by resorting to a sp>ecies of sharp practice; and factions ruled the board 
 for a decade and a half. It has been only within recent years that the blighting 
 effects of this blow have not been felt. 
 
 The second great event in the history of the schools was the building of 
 the present high school building which may be justly regarded as the pride of 
 the city. It should be remembered that the importance of the high school in 
 public education was not then so generally recognized as it is today. At that 
 time no city in the state had erected a really fine and modem building for its 
 high school. There was one such building in Joliet, but it was a township high 
 school. The high school was still generally regarded as merely a college pre- 
 paratory school and did not appeal strongly to the people as their school. When 
 one of the larger cities of Illinois today builds a high school, it makes it the finest 
 public building in the city. It was not so when the present Galesburg high school 
 was built. That building was the pioneer of high school buildings in the state. 
 The board and the people have since had reason to congratulate themselves on 
 having had a vision and rising to it. ) ' 
 
 The mere building of a schoolhouse is not a great event in a school system, 
 except as it embodies a deep conviction of the people, and this is just what the 
 building of the Churchill school, in 1866, and the high school, in 1906, did, the 
 former giving expression to the belief of the people in a system of free ele- 
 mentary education for all and the latter their conviction that all the children of 
 all the people should be given an opportunity to prepare themselves for life as 
 well as for some of the children of some of the people for college. 
 
660 ; ' ;' ; HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY 
 
 Mr. R. B. Guild was superintendent of schools the first year, from June, 
 l86i to June, 1862. There was a corps of sixteen teachers and the number 
 of pupils enrolled was probably as many as eight hundred. No records for this 
 year are preserved. 
 
 In June, 1862, Mr. J. B. Roberts was appointed superintendent of schools 
 and served twelve years, or until June, 1874. During these years the enrollment 
 of pupils increased to 2,268 and the number of teachers to thirty. Mr. Roberts' 
 administration may properly be regarded as the period of organization. It was 
 a period full of educational activity and progress. It was noted, also, for the 
 number of experiments tried. There was the colored school, the German school, 
 the ungraded school for truants and incorrigibles, the night school, the teaching 
 of elementary geometry in the last three years of the graded schools, and the 
 ordering of gymnastic apparatus for the playgrounds of the two new schools. 
 These experiments were all finally dropped ; none of them has been reinstated, 
 and most of them have been completely forgotten. Then there was supple- 
 mentary reading, bookkeeping and mechanical drawing in the high school, free- 
 hand drawing in the grades, and music, which may properly be included in this 
 list. These, also, were tried- and dropped, but in later years introduced into the 
 schools as important features of modem education. Those who are advocating 
 a special school for the truant and the incorrigible of these degenerate days will 
 be surprised to find that in those good old times of forty years ago and more, 
 there were truants and incorrigibles and a separate school provided for them by 
 the board of education. The teaching of the elements of geometry in the grades, 
 partially anticipated the popular plea of President Eliot and others, made thirty 
 years later, for enriching the curriculum by bringing the elements of some of the 
 high school studies into the grades. The resolution of the board of education 
 ordering the playgrounds of the high school and the Fourth ward to be provided 
 with gymnastic apparatus, preceded by a third of a century the movement that 
 is now sweeping over the country to establish public playgrounds and to equip 
 them with physical apparatus. In those days there were surely plenty of fads 
 "fad" being a generic term for anything new. All honor to those times for what 
 was so courageously attempted as well as for what was so nobly done. 
 
 Mr. Roberts resigned in the summer of 1874, to accept the principalship of 
 the Indianapolis high school and Mr. Matthew Andrews, who was then super- 
 ihtendent of schools at Macomb, Illinois, was appointed in his place. 
 
 After a period of active organization involving an unusual expenditure of 
 money, such as the last period had been, would naturally come one of more or 
 less reaction and retrenchment. This is a law of institutional growth and it is 
 well illustrated in at least the first half of this period. There were two other 
 causes that contributed to the general movement, either of which alone would 
 have been sufficient to bring about a reaction. When Professor George Churchill 
 retired from the board of education in June, 1873, and Mr. J. B. Roberts from 
 the superintendency a year later, the management of the schools passed com- 
 pletely into the control, as it were, of another generation. There was then no 
 one left in the management of the schools who thoroughly understood their 
 organization and who could, consequently, be in special sympathy with it. This 
 was the first of the contributory causes. The second was the financial panic 
 that swept over the country at that time, paralyzing business and institutions of 
 
MO y; HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY 
 
 Mr. R. B. Guild was superintendent of schools the first year, from June, 
 1861 to June, 1862. There was a corps of sixteen teachers and the number 
 of pupils enrolled was probably as many as eight hundred. No records for this 
 year are preserved. 
 
 In June, 1862, Mr. J. B. Roberts was appointed superintendent of schools 
 and served twelve years, or until June, 1874. During these years the enrollment 
 of pupils increased to 2,268 and the number of teachers to thirty. Mr. Roberts' 
 administration may properly be regarded as the period of organization. It was 
 a period full of educational activity and progress. It was noted, also, for the 
 number of experiments tried. There was the colored school, the German school, 
 the ungraded school for truants and incorrigibles, the night school, the teaching 
 of elementary geometry in the last three years of the graded schools, and the 
 ordering of gymnastic apparatus for the playgrounds of the two new schools. 
 These experiments were all finally dropped ; none of them has been reinstated, 
 and most of them have been completely forgotten. Then there was supple- 
 mentary reading, bookkeeping and mechanical drawing in the high school, free- 
 hand drawing in the grades, and music, which may properly be included in this 
 list. These, also, were tried and dropped, but in later years introduced into the 
 schools as important features of modern education. Those who are advocating 
 a special school for the truant and the incorrigible of these degenerate days will 
 be surprised to find that in those good old times of forty years ago and more, 
 there were truants and incorrigibles and a separate school provided for them by 
 the board of education. The teaching of the elements of geometry in the grades, 
 partially anticipated the popular plea of President Eliot and others, made thirty 
 years later, for enriching the curriculum by bringing the elements of some of the 
 high school studies into the grades. The resolution of the board of education 
 ordering the playgrounds of the high school and the Fourth ward to be provided 
 with gymnastic apparatus, preceded by a third of a century the movement that 
 is now sweeping over the country to establish public playgrounds and to equip 
 them with physical apparatus. In those days there were surely plenty of fads 
 "fad" being a generic term for anj-thing new. All honor to those times for what 
 was so courageously attempted as well as for what was so nobly done. 
 
 Mr. Roberts resigned in the summer of 1874, to accept the principalship of 
 the Indianapolis high school and !Mr. Matthew Andrews, who was then super- 
 intendent of schools at Macomb, Illinois, was appointed in his place. 
 -After a period of active organization involving an unusual expenditure of 
 money, such as the last jieriod had been, would naturally come one of more or 
 less reaction and retrenchment. This is a law of institutional growth and it is 
 well illustrated in at least the first half of this period. There were two other 
 causes that contributed to the general movement, either of which alone would 
 have been sufficient to bring about a reaction. When Professor George Churchill 
 retired from the board of education in June, 1873, and Mr. J. B. Roberts from 
 the superintendency a year later, the management of the schools passed com- 
 pletelx into the control, as it were, of another generation. There was then no 
 one left in the management of the schools who thoroughly understood their 
 organization and who could, consequently, be in special sympathy with it. This 
 was the first of the contributor}- causes. The second was the financial panic 
 that swept over the cotmtry at that time, paralyzing business and institutions of 
 
p ". 
 " 3 
 
 11- 
 
 - X 
 
 a I :? 
 
 .2. X 
 
 ' 
 
 r-.n 
 c 
 
^=' HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY 561 
 
 all kinds. The people of those days did not seem to be conscious that their 
 actions were being guided and controlled by such deep-rooted and inexorable 
 forces, but they were inclined rather to attribute the trend of affairs to the 
 natural perversity of the individuals who were in control. The conditions made 
 retrenchment imperative and it is not strange that under the circumstances 
 cheapness became the chief consideration in the management of the schools. 
 The course of study was pruned, all special subjects were lopped off, special 
 teachers dropped, and all salaries greatly reduced; every schoolhouse built cost 
 less than the preceding one ; the same was true of the furniture purchased, and 
 the amount expended on repairs was practically nothing. The policy of economy 
 continued until the tax levy \vas reduced almost one-half. All this could not 
 be done without much friction, which was manifested in the meetings of the 
 board and at the school elections. In those years the people took a lively interest 
 in school elections, at one or two of which more votes were polled than at the 
 municipal elections. About the beginning of the second half of this period 
 affairs began to improve and by the time it closed the schools were in good 
 condition, having made substantial improvements, especially in regularity and 
 punctuality of attendance. 
 
 The number of pupils registered during this period of eleven years remained 
 about the same from year to year. The whole number enrolled for the first 
 year was 2,196 and the number for the last year was 2,112, a decrease of eighty- 
 four pupils. There would have been a slight gain had not the Catholics opened 
 their parochial school, St. Joseph's academy, in the fall of 1879, which caused 
 a decrease in the enrollment for that year of 226. 
 
 .. The number of teachers the first year was twenty-eight, and the number the 
 last year (not including the special teacher of penmanship) was thirt\--six, which 
 made an increase of eight teachers. It is thus seen that the number of teachers 
 was increased twenty-eight per cent, while the number of pupils actually decreased 
 some three per cent, which means that the number of pupils to a teacher was 
 decreased in this period, on an average, twenty-five per cent. Of the eight 
 teachers added, five were placed in the north part of the city. 
 
 When Mr. Andrews resigned the superintendency in June, 1885, it was 
 with the sincere regret of the board of education and the people generally. In 
 July, 1885, Mr. W. L. Steele, then county suf>erintendent of schools for Knox 
 county, was appointed superintendent. Mr. Steele has continued to hold that 
 position to the present time. 
 
 The schools having passed through the period of organization and the re- 
 actionary years that followed, now entered on one most favorable to their steady 
 growth and development. During these twenty-six years the board of education 
 pursued a f>olicy that received the support of the people, for its membership, 
 with one exception, remained unchanged save by death, resignation or removal 
 from the city. Under these conditions whatever plans the board may have had 
 it could mattire and carry through to completion, an ideal state of affairs and 
 one usually calculated to produce the best results. 
 
 Without attempting to enumerate all the changes, those that gave character 
 to the period and that will perhaps remain a permanent part of the schools are 
 here named. \\Tiile all the buildings save one have been erected, enlarged or 
 remodeled, at a cost of approximately four hundred thousand dollars, the high 
 
 T<L I M 
 
562 HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY 
 
 school and the heating plant were its chief addition to the physical equipment. 
 The installation of sanitary closets in place of the unhealthful and demoralizing 
 out-houses, mechanical ventilation, automatic temperature control, the method of 
 admitting light into the schoolrogms, the drinking fountains and the school 
 nurse, were its contribution to sanitation. No serious attention was paid to 
 sanitation in the schools prior to 1888. The introduction of music, drawing, 
 physical training, manual training and domestic science came in this period; 
 as also supplementary reading, the removal of the fetish of examinations, and 
 the articulation of the schools with the public library by means of the children's 
 reading room. During this period also the average monthly enrollment of 
 pupils to a room was reduced from forty-eight, in 1885, to forty-one, in 1910, or 
 more than fourteen per cent; the maximum salary in the grades was raised from 
 $55 to $70 per month, or more than twenty-seven per cent ; and a training school 
 for teachers was established. The inauguration of the elective system and the 
 development of the high school into an institution adapted to the needs of the 
 many who wish to prepare themselves for the manual, mechanical and commer- 
 cial pursuits of life, as well as to the relatively few who desire -to prepare for 
 college, was the most distinctive work of the period. The board of education 
 may not at times have moved as fast as it might have done or accomplished all 
 it was possible to do; twenty-six years is a long time. It had the satisfaction, 
 however, of always moving forward without ever being halted or reversed by 
 the people; every step in advance was followed by another; the last building to 
 be erected was always the best. 
 
 The number of pupils increased during this period to 3,814 and the number 
 of teachers to loi. 
 
 For a detailed history of the schools see "Galesburg Public Schools their 
 History and Work," published by the board of education in 1911. 
 
 KNOX COLLEGE V;- -yo: v 
 BY PROF. WM. E. SIMONDS ;;.:;,'; 
 
 Among the colleges of Illinois, Knox college ranks fourth in point of age, 
 having received its charter from the state in 1837. Shurtleff, Illinois college and 
 McKendree were all chartered in 1835, although instruction was begun at Shurt- 
 leff in 1831, at Illinois college in 1829 and at McKendree in 1828. The early 
 history of Knox college is identified with that of the city in which it stands, for 
 hioth city and college were the realization of one idea. . 
 
 In 1827 Rev. George W. Gale established a school upon a fertile farm ad- 
 joining the village of Whitesboro, three miles from the city of Utica, New York. 
 Here he remained for seven years, erecting buildings for instruction, for lodg- 
 ing and for manual labor. The course of study was made equivalent to a col- 
 lege course. Of the teachers whom he associated with him, two, Innes Grant 
 and Xehemiah Losey, were afterward members of the Knox college faculty. The 
 peculiar feature of Mr. Gale's idea was this : He believed that in a college lo- 
 cated on a farm and with Workshops attached young men could secure their edu- 
 
THE TRIUMVIRATE OF KXOX COLLEGE 
 Professors M. L. Comstock, George Churchill, and Albert Hurd. 
 
562 HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY 
 
 school and the heating plant were its chief addition to the physical equipment. 
 The installation of sanitary closets in place of the unhealthful and demoralizing 
 out-houses, mechanical ventilation, automatic temperature control, the method of 
 admitting light into the schoolrooms, the drinking fountains and the school 
 nurse, were its contribution to sanitation. No serious attention was paid to 
 sanitation in the schools prior to 1888. The introduction of music, drawing, 
 physical training, manual training and domestic science came in this period ; 
 as also supplementary reading, the removal of the fetish of examinations, and 
 the articulation of the schools with the public library by means of the children's 
 reading room. During this period also the average monthly enrollment of 
 pupils to a room was reduced from forty-eight, in 1885, to forty-one, in 1910, or 
 more than fourteen per cent; the maximum salary in the grades was raised from 
 $55 to $70 per month, or more than twenty-seven per cent ; and a training school 
 for teachers was established. The inauguration of the elective system and the 
 development of the high school into an institution adapted to the needs of the 
 many who wish to prepare themselves for the manual, mechanical and commer- 
 cial pursuits of life, as well as to the relatively few who desire -to prepare for 
 college, was the most distinctive work of the period. The board of education 
 may not at times have moved as fast as it might have done or accomplished all 
 it was ix)ssible to do; twenty-six years is a long time. It had the satisfaction, 
 however, of always moving forward without ever being halted or reversed by 
 the people ; every step in advance was followed by another ; the last building to 
 be erected was always the best. 
 
 The number of pupils increased during this period to 3,814 and the number 
 of teachers to loi. 
 
 For a detailed history of the schools see "Galesburg Public Schools their 
 History and Work," published by the board of education in 1911. 
 
 KNOX COLLEGE . 
 
 , Bv PROF. WM. E. SIMOXDS ',]-- 
 
 Among the colleges of Illinois, Knox college ranks fourth in point of age, 
 having received its charter from the state in 1837. Shurtleff, Illinois college and 
 McKendree were all cliartered in 1835, although instruction was begun at Shurt- 
 leff in 1831. at Illinois college in 1829 and at McKendree in 1828. The early 
 history of Knox college is identified with that of the city in which it stands, for 
 hoth city and college were the realization of one idea. . 
 
 In 1827 Rev. George W. Gale established a school upon a fertile farm ad- 
 joining the village of \Vhitesboro, three miles from the city of Utica, New York. 
 Here he remained for seven years, erecting buildings for instruction, for lodg- 
 ing and for manual labor. The course of study was made equivalent to a col- 
 lege course. Of the teachers whom he associated with him, two, Innes Grant 
 and Xehemiah Losey. were afterward members of the Knox college faculty. The 
 peculiar feature of ^Ir. Gale's idea was this : He believed that in a college lo- 
 cated on a farm and with workshops attached young men could secure their edu- 
 
THE TRICMVIKATK OK KNOX COUJIC.K 
 Professors M. L. Comstock, George ( hurcliin, and Albert Hurd. 
 
;; r^" HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY : 563 
 
 cation and at the same time be self-supporting. All should be required to labor 
 on the farm or in the shops three hours a day. Thus they could provide the 
 means of support and secure the exercise essential to their health and yet have 
 sufficient time for study and recitation. Upwards of a hundred students at- 
 tended the school during this period. Those who had trades were put to work 
 in the shops ; they paid their board, which was charged at cost, and received the 
 proceeds of their labor. Some were able to pay their entire expenses by their 
 work. The rest were told off into classes of half a dozen, each under direction 
 of one of their number called a monitor, and set at work on the farm or at mar- 
 ket gardening. A farm superintendent arranged the work in concert with the 
 monitors. The boarding establishment was supported from the profits of the 
 farm and labor of the students without a deficit. The funds necessary to estab- 
 lish the institution and the professorships were contributed by benevolent persons 
 living in the vicinity who had confidence in the management and appreciated the 
 design. Such was Oneida institute in 1834, when Mr. Gale resigned his con- 
 nection with it. These facts are preserved in a sketch of the founder by his 
 son, William Selden Gale, from whose narrative they are taken. From this state- 
 ment we see how the idea that was embodied in the Knox Manual Labor col- 
 lege was conceived. 
 
 In the cheap government land of the fertile central west, then to be pur- 
 chased at one dollar and a quarter per acre, Mr. Gale saw a great opportunity 
 : for the development of his idea on a larger scale. He would buy a township 
 of land, reserve a town site and a large farm for the use of the college, then 
 he would lay of? the remainder of the land in farms, place on the land a price 
 averaging five dollars an acre and with the proceeds of the farms and the town 
 lots endow the college. The project met with favor and subscribers to the plan 
 were found. In 1835 the committee appointed to make the purchase came to 
 Illinois, inspected the land available and completed the bargain. Returning to 
 Whitesboro, the purchase was reported, a plat of the land was made, the village 
 and farm reservation marked, an appraisal of from three to eight dollars an acre 
 placed on each tract and the distribution made. ,- ; - " 
 
 January 7, 1836, in the old academy building in Whitesboro (now Whites- 
 town), New York, the original circular which led directly to the founding of 
 Galesburg and of Knox college was adopted. This circular clearly indicates the 
 serious moral purpose in the minds of the founders. Their plan comprehended 
 something very different from a mere investment in western land for personal 
 profit, and something, too, broader and deeper than merely the experiment of 
 establishing such a school. Their enterprise was inspired by a definite mis- 
 sionary purpose and was characterized by religious zeal ^although the material 
 advantages to follow were by no means lost sight of. Rehearsing the obliga- 
 tions imposed on Christian people to devise and execute plans for the promotion 
 of religion throughout the world and to provide for that purpose an educated 
 and devoted ministry, the circular proceeds to show the advantages of the manual 
 labor system as furnishing the opportunity to secure an education by "hundreds 
 of youth of talent and piety and enterprise (who) stand ready to enter upon the 
 work of preparation whenever a 'wide and effectual door is opened' for them." 
 The following paragraph, the phraseology of which strikes oddly on the mod- 
 ern ear, is of interest as indicating the thought of the founders regarding the 
 education of women : ' 
 
564 HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY :/;- 
 
 ' ' "It is beginning to be believed, and not without good reason, that females are 
 to act a much more important part in the conversion of the world than has been 
 generally supposed; not as preachers of the gospel, but as helpmeets of those 
 who are, and as instructors and guides of the rising generations, not only in the 
 nursery, but in the public school. It should therefore be an object of special 
 aim with all who pray and labor for the conversion of the world to provide for 
 the thorough and well-directed education of females. Experiment has already 
 proved that manual labor may be successfully introduced into female seminaries, 
 and that it is highly conducive to health and piety and adapted to reduce the 
 expenses of education sufficiently to encourage many young ladies to qualify 
 themselves in such seminaries for fields of usefulness, who, without that en- 
 couragement, would never have put forth such efforts." -j : ' 
 
 The circular closes with these sagacious words: "It is perfectly in the power 
 of a /^cf families of moderate property to rear up such institutions, at this time, 
 in the valley of the Mississippi, on a permanent basis, unth a great part of the 
 endoivment required and on a liberal and extensive scale with a great advantage 
 to themselves and families.. Such a plan is here proposed, with the design, if it 
 may please the Lord, to carry it into effect." 
 
 There were forty-six subscribers to the plan. They voted that the proposed 
 institution should receive the name Prairie college, but as this name was after- 
 ward thought not properly distinctive it was changed to Knox Manual Labor 
 college ; and it was under that title that the new institution was incorporated in 
 1837. There was a twofold appropriateness in thus adopting the name of Knox, 
 for it would designate the location of the school and would also immediately sug- 
 gest the relation of the founders to Presbyterianism although not especially 
 selected on that account. 
 
 Five of the original colonists were named as incorporators ; these were George 
 W. Gale, John Waters. Nehemiah West, Thomas Simmons and Nehemiah H. 
 Losey. To these were added Matthew Chambers and Frastus Swift, of the Ver- 
 mont accession, Parnach Owen and John G. Sanborn of Knoxville, George H. 
 Wright, a Monmouth physician, and Ralph H. Hurlburt, a leading merchant and 
 landholder at Mount Sterling; these two gentlemen were former residents of 
 Oneida county, N. Y. The first meeting of the trustees was held in Knoxville, 
 August 9, 1837. The board organized with Rev. John Waters, president; Nehe- 
 miah H. Losey, clerk, and John G. Sanborn, treasurer. By the terms of the 
 charter the board was made self-perpetuating, with power to increase the num- 
 ber to twenty-four in addition to the president of the college, ex-officio a mem- 
 ber. William Holyoke, Peter Butler and Sylvanus Ferris were at this time 
 added. It was voted by the newly organized board to erect an academy building 
 as soon as possible. In order to make a college it was necessary to prepare 
 material to fill it. 
 
 By the fall of 1838 the academy was ready for students and the formal open- 
 ing took place. There were forty pupils. This building stood on the northeast 
 corner of Main and Cherry streets and was afterward moved a few rods to the 
 north, where, at this date, it still stands, in use as a boarding-house. Nehemiah 
 H. Losey, who, since the spring of 1837, had conducted a school at the tem- 
 porary settlement of Log City, was the principal and Hiram Marsh was his as- 
 sistant. It was not until 1841 that the college was fully organized. Rev. Hiram 
 
'^ '-''"' HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY 565 
 
 H. Kellogg was its first president. The faculty included Rev. George W. Gale, ^ 
 professor of belles lettrcs and acting-professor of ancient languages, with Nehe- 
 miah H. Losey, professor of mathematics. In the following year Innes Grant 
 was added as professor of languages. The first catalogue, published in 1842, 
 names ten freshmen and 147 preparatory students. The preparatory department 
 in the college must be distinguished from the academy, which was a separate 
 institution. 
 
 ' In 1841 a ladies' seminary had been built on Seminary street, opposite the 
 beginning of Tompkins street, at a cost of $5,000. This building was destroyed 
 by fire in 1843. The household effects and library of President Kellogg had 
 been stored in the building for some time, and it had also furnished lodging for 
 a number of the students. Its destruction at this time led directly to the erection 
 of the first building on the Knox campus, a brick building of moderate size, after- 
 ward enlarged, known as East college. This was built in 1844; it remained, 
 in a rather dilapidated condition at the last, until torn down in 1900. In the 
 following year a companion structure, named West college, was built on the 
 Cedar street side of the campus. It was afterward given the name of Williston ; 
 hall; it remained standing until its removal became necessary in 1890. The old 
 distinctive names of these two earlier buildings had passed from use long be- 
 fore their demolition, and they were popularly known as the "East Bricks" and 
 the "West Bricks" designations which not inaptly emphasized the contrast 
 between them and later more pretentious structures. They, however, served well 
 their generation. Not only did they contain recitation rooms, offices and society 
 halls, they also supplied quarters for about forty students. Apparently the young 
 ladies, dispossessed of their quarters by the burning of the seminary, sought 
 shelter elsewhere. In 1846 a new academy building was erected on the public 
 square. It was a substantial brick structure of two stories, the upper story, ac- 
 cording to the annual catalogue, being "appropriated to the female branch." For 
 the next twelve years it continued to serve this purpose and then was leased to the 
 recently organized board of education, to be used for the new high school. The 
 academy was then transferred to the new college building, and the "female 
 branch" was transplanted to the seminary, where it has flourished ever since. 
 The academy building was afterward demolished to make room for the Union 
 hotel. In 1843 there were 175 students in the college. On account of failing 
 health. President Kellogg resigned in 1845, ^"d Rev. Jonathan Blanchard was 
 chosen his successor. There were 201 students then enrolled. 
 
 The period of President Blanchard's administration forms an important epoch 
 in the history of the college. During this period the foundations were strength- 
 ened, the enterprise took on the aspect of permanent success; and then there' 
 came a crisis in the affairs of the institution which, for a time, threatened dis- 
 aster. In June. 1846, the first class was graduated. Of its nine members five 
 entered the ministry, two of whom became missionaries; one became a lawyer, 
 one a physician, one an editor and one a professor of mathematics. The material 
 growth of the college was noteworthy. \, 
 
 Mr. J. P. Williston of Northampton, Mass., who through the influence of 
 President Blanchard had become interested in the college, had given it in suc- 
 cessive donations about $10,000. Another liberal benefactor of the college in 
 this early period of its history was Mr. Charles Phelps of Cincinnati, a relative 
 
566 ';; HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY 
 
 of President Blanchard, who, in 1853, turned over to the trustees the titles to 
 eighteen quarter sections of Illinois land, at an estimated value of $30,000. The 
 names of these philanthropists and their notable gifts should not be forgotten in 
 the annals of the institution. 
 
 During the college year of 1849-50 the question of admitting women to col- 
 legiate courses in the institution was evidently settled in their favor. With the 
 sanction of the executive committee a special department was conducted for their 
 benefit and additional teachers' were employed. The names of fourteen young 
 women are listed in the catalogue published at the close of that year as members 
 of this department, and the records of the trustees show that in June, 1850, they 
 voted that a female collegiate department should be organized with a three years' 
 course of study. The school year was to begin regularly on the first Wednesday 
 in February and to terminate on the third Wednesday in January. But the 
 principle of co-education had not yet been adopted. In January, 1851, three 
 young women were graduated from this department the first Knox alumnae. 
 
 The advent of the railroad in 1854 greatly enlarged the resources of the col- 
 lege. A part of its land was selected as the site of depots, shops and yards, and 
 the valuation of adjoining property increased accordingly. There was a ready 
 sale for the city lots and the farm was sold advantageously. It had become evi- 
 dent long before this that the manual labor feature of the original plan, although 
 successful at the school in Whitesboro, was impracticable under college man- 
 agement in Galesburg, and it had been abandoned. The name, Knox Manual 
 Labor college, having now become misleading, the phrase manual labor was, on 
 petition of the trustees, in 1857, stricken from the title by act of legislature. It 
 was estimated in 1855 that the property of the college was worth $400,000. In 
 1856 two important buildings were begun, and in the following year these were 
 completed at a cost of nearly $100,000. The central college building, as it was 
 then called, now affectionately known as Old Main, a splendid example of the 
 Tudor Gothic style, thus found its place on the campus between East college and 
 Williston hall. The other building, known as the seminary, stood on Tompkins 
 street and still stands, the central portion of Whiting hall. It accommodated 
 between eighty and ninety young women. This was not the first building pro- 
 vided for the use of the female collegiate department; an earlier seminary had 
 been built, at a cost of $5,000, in 1841, which was burned in 1843. There had 
 been a steady increase in the attendance, which in 1857 reached 446, counting 
 all departments ; of these fifty-one were in the college classes. The growth of 
 the town had been very notable. The following figures are significant: :; 
 
 In 1840 the population was 272 (thirty-nine families). 
 ;-. In 1850 the population was less than 800. 
 
 .'' In 1853 the population was less than 1400. . 'jf '/';';/;:: '''^ 
 :: In 1855 the population was 2,916. ::-.:.; . ' .:'.;>:''/'''' . ' 
 : In 1857 the population was 5,455. 
 
 In 1856 there were 304 new buildings raised with a combined valuation of 
 $551,060; most of the dwellings costing from $3,000 to $12,000 each. As many 
 more were built in 1857. vC ; 
 
 Notwithstanding the financial prosperity of the college at this point in its 
 history, a serious crisis now occurred. A bitter controversy had already developed 
 over the question of denominational control. Presbyterians and Congregation- 
 
Hiram II. Kelloge 
 1838-1846 
 
 Jutiathan Blanchard 
 1846-1857 
 
 Newton Bateman 
 
 1874-1892 
 
 John H. Finley 
 1892-1899 
 
 FOUR PRESIDENTS OF KNOX COLLEGE 
 
566 ^ HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY , . / 
 
 of President IJlanchard. who, in 1853, turned over to the trustees the titles to 
 eighteen ciuarter sections of Illinois land, at an estimated value of $30,000. The 
 names of these philaiitliropists and their notable gifts should not be forgotten in 
 the annals of the institution. 
 
 During the college year of 1849-50 the question of admitting women to col- 
 legiate courses in the institution was evidently settled in their favor. With the 
 sanction of the executive committee a special department was conducted for their 
 benefit and additional teachers were emjjloyed. The names of fourteen young 
 women are listed in the catalogue published at the close of that year as members 
 of this department, and the records of the trustees show that in June, 1850, they 
 voted that a female collegiate department should be organized with a three years' 
 course of study. The school year was to begin regularly on the first Wednesday 
 in l-'ebruary and to terminate on the third Wednesday in January. But the 
 principle of co-education had not yet been adopted. In January, 1851, three 
 young women were graduated from this department the first Knox alumnae. 
 
 The advent of the railroad in 1854 greatly enlarged the resources of the col- 
 lege. A part of its land was selected as the site of depots, shops and yards, and 
 the valuation of adjoining property increased accordingly. There was a ready 
 sale for the city lots and the farm was sold advantageously. It had become evi- 
 dent long before this that the manual labor feature of the original plan, although 
 successful at the school in Whitesboro, was impracticable under college man- 
 agement in Galesburg, and it had been abandoned. The name, Knox Manual 
 Labor college, having now become misleading, the phrase manual labor was, on 
 petition of the trustees, in 1857, stricken from the title by act of legislature. It 
 was estimated in 1855 that the property of the college was worth $400,000. In 
 1856 two important buildings were begun, and in the following year these were 
 completed at a cost of nearly $100,000. The central college building, as it was 
 then called, now affectionately known as Old INIain, a splendid example of the 
 Tudor Gothic style, thus found its place on the campus between East college and 
 \\'illiston hall. The other building, known as the seminary, stood on Tompkins 
 street and still stands, the central portion of Whiting hall. It accommodated 
 between eighty and ninety young women. This was not the first building pro- 
 vided for the use of the female collegiate department ; an earlier seminary had 
 been built, at a cost of $5,000, in 1841, which was burned in 1843. There had 
 been a steady increase in the attendance, which in 1857 reached 446, counting 
 all departments : of these fifty-one were in the college classes. The growth of 
 the town had been very notable. The following figures are significant: 
 
 In 1840 the population was 272 (thirty-nine families). 
 
 In 1850 the population was less than 800. 
 
 In 1853 the population was less than 1,400. 
 
 In 1855 the ixjpulation was 2,916. 
 
 In 1857 the population was 5,455. . - . 
 
 In 1856 there were 304 new buildings raised with a combined valuation of 
 8551,060; most of the dwellings costing from $3,000 to $12,000 each. As many 
 more were built in 1857. 
 
 Notwithstanding the financial prosperity of the college at this point in its 
 history, a serious crisis now occurred. A bitter controversy had already developed 
 over the question of denominational control. Presbyterians and Congregation- 
 
Iliram II. Kel 
 l.s;!.s-I,s4G 
 
 :.. Jntiathaii Itlaiicliard 
 
 Newton liateman 
 
 Jiilin II. Kiiiley 
 
 I'RKSIDKXTS OK KNOX C'OI.LKC.E 
 
HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY :-: 667 
 
 alists had been intimately associated in the social and religious life of the com- 
 munity. For more than a decade they had worshipped harmoniously together in 
 that broadly built and spacious meeting house on the square, the historic First 
 church of Galesburg. The official head of the college had served at times as 
 minister to the congregation. President Kellogg had been installed as pastor in 
 1846 and Doctor Blanchard had followed him in the pulpit when he succeeded 
 him in the presidency, serving the church thus for two years. But with the 
 expansion of the community jealousies had arisen and the quarrel grew so 
 fierce that it threatened to disrupt the college. This is the period of what has 
 been sometimes called "the Blanchard war." Jonathan Blanchard was a man 
 of strong convictions, combative and fearless. During his pastorate in Cincin- 
 nati he had been a vigorous and outspoken abolitionist. After his removal to 
 Illinois he had dared to meet Stephen A. Douglas in public debate and was 
 thought by his friends to have issued from that encounter with the honors of 
 the field. His position on the great issue of the time could not have been ob- 
 noxious in Galesburg, but his views on other matters had aroused strong (^po- 
 sition among some of the prominent citizens ; at the same time he had a large 
 and ardent following. The core of the quarrel was the denominational issue in 
 Knox college, and the two parties, the Presbyterians headed by Rev. George W. 
 Gale and the Congregationalists led by President Blanchard, were intensely 
 stirred. ' :.^; / 
 
 The situation became acute and at its annual meeting in June, 1857, the 
 board of trustees, by resolution, respectfully requested both Doctor Blanchard and 
 Mr. Gale to resign their places on the faculty. Both gentlemen immediately 
 complied. When this action was announced there was great excitement. The 
 student body, which was devoted to President Blanchard, assembled on the steps 
 of the college building and passed resolutions of regret at his departure. Many 
 of the undergraduates asked for dismission. The Adelphi and Gnothautii liter- 
 ary societies disbanded, placing their effects in the hands of trustees. Only one 
 of the ten members of the graduating class appeared on the commencement plat- 
 form to deliver his address. The "war" continued for many weeks in pulpit, on 
 platform and in the columns of the local press. It became more than a local 
 issue; letters discussing the situation appeared in the Congregationalist Herald 
 and in the New York Independent. Some prominent people were drawn into the 
 controversy. Pamphlets were printed and tables compiled to show what financial 
 support had been given the institution by the two denominations. As late as in 
 May, 1859, the general association of the Congregational church in Illinois 
 adopted and printed a report reflecting severely on Knox college and the Pres- 
 byterians. Into the merits of this controversy it is altogether unnecessary to go ; 
 for many years it has been a matter of ancient history and all bitterness of feeling 
 has long since vanished. The final result was that Knox college was made inde- 
 pendent of all denominational control and, happily, thus remains to this day. 
 
 August 21, 1857, the executive committee published "a circular to the 
 students of Knox college in the different departments." It began and closed with 
 the following statements : 
 
 "The executive committee are happy to inform you that the causes which 
 led many of you to withdraw from this institution are now so far removed as to 
 present no serious obstacle to your return. President Blanchard has consented 
 
 ' :'>- '.'': .' ''"'- '' . ' 
 
568 - HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY 
 
 to resume his former place in the faculty, by invitation of the executive commit- 
 tee, and the place of Prof. Gale will be filled by an experienced and successful 
 teacher. '-'' ' . /" .^ - .: vvO' - . - ' r' " 1^- / --u X 
 
 **:)(** 
 
 "It is with peculiar pleasure that we announce these arrangements (for board- 
 ing, lodging, etc.), which indicate the continued and increasing prosperity of our 
 college. It has been a favored institution. But the means of its usefulness are 
 now greatly augmented. The trustees have the ability and disposition to add 
 something to its educational advantages every year, until they are complete in 
 every department. Let the friends of the college implore for it the favor of God, 
 and we trust that our past troubles will furnish a lesson of wisdom for our guid- 
 ance, until those very troubles shall be forgotten in the joy of our future pros- 
 perity and success." 
 
 In the spring of the following year, 1858, Rev. Harvey Curtis, D. D., was 
 elected president by the trustees. The catalogue of the college published in June, 
 1858, presents some facts which are interesting for comparison. The faculty 
 was composed as follows : Rev. Harvey Curtis, president-elect and professor of 
 intellectual philosophy ; Nehemiah H. Losey, professor of mathematics and nat- 
 ural philosophy ; Innes Grant, professor of ancient languages ; Henry E. Hitch- 
 cock, professor of mathematics and natural philosophy in the female collegiate ; 
 department ; Albert Hurd, professor of natural sciences ; E. S. Willcox Phelps 
 professor of modern languages ; Junius B. Roberts, tutor ; George Churchill, 
 principal of the academic department ; Miss Jane Everett, principal in the female 
 collegiate department ; Miss Ada H. Hayes, lady principal in the academic de- 
 partment ; Miss E. L. Gary, Miss Mary Allen West, Mrs. Sara M. McCall, as- 
 sistants in the academic department; Miss E. S. Kendall, teacher of drawing c 
 and painting; Miss Jennie W. Sweetland, teacher of the piano. The chair of v- 
 philosophy was filled during this year by Ex-President Blanchard and that of 
 moral philosophy and belles-lettres, by Rev. J. W. Bailey, pastor of the Presby- 
 terian church. The roll of students was : in the college, 109 ; in the female col- 
 legiate department, 60; in the academic department, gentlemen, 167; ladies, 158. 
 Deducting names appearing more than once, there were altogether in the in- 
 stitution 455 students. :!. :'''.'''..-./ -:'^-^'^-- ' !. I ? ^:' ; 
 
 The requirements for admission to the college were such as were then 
 standard in American colleges and were confined to Latin (Ovid, Caesar, Sallust), 
 Greek (Anabasis), mathematics (elementary algebra) and geography. No one 
 under fourteen years of age could be admitted to the freshman class. Pre- 
 scribed courses in Latin, Greek and mathematics ran through the first three years ; 
 rhetoric was studied in the second half of the freshman year; logic, anatomy, 
 physiology, zoology and botany were taken in the sophomore year ; chemistry, 
 mineralogy, astronomy and German, in the junior year. The senior year in- 
 cluded courses in intellectual philosophy, plan of salvation, political economy, 
 Paley's Natural Theology, geology, German or French, psychology, Butler's 
 Analogy, British Eloquence, Shepherd On the Constitution, moral philosophy, 
 Paley's E'cidences, composition and declamation. It was a well-rounded course 
 of study and, for its time, supplied admirably the requirements of a "liberal edu- 
 cation." In the curriculum of the female collegiate department this course was 
 somewhat diluted. There was no Greek ; there was a year and a half of Latin ; 
 
:y;;:v 'V-p: y '. -v HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY :;/ 569 
 
 the mathematics, however, included about what was required in the college. 
 There was a course in universal history and one in English literature. 
 
 The college library contained between two and three thousand volumes; the 
 mineralogical and geological cabinets had about five hundred specimens each, 
 the beginnings of that remarkable museum of natural history collected by the 
 patient effort of Professor Hurd. Special attention is called in the catalogue to 
 the fact that an excellent skeleton has also been obtained for the illustration of 
 anatomy. It is also announced that the first half hour of each day is appropriated 
 to devotional exercises and to lectures by the president on various moral and re- 
 ligious subjects, on which as well as on the worship of Gkxi on the Sabbath, all 
 the members of the institution are expected to attend. The chapel talks insti- 
 tuted by Doctor Blanchard were remarkable examples of the versatility, intel- 
 lectual power and moral purpose of that president; they produced a lasting im- 
 pression on the students of that generation and became a tradition of the college. 
 
 The college year Was divided in two terms of twenty weeks each ; there was 
 a vacation of two weeks in the winter and one of ten weeks in the summer. 
 College opened on the first Thursday in September, "at eight-thirty A. M." 
 The female collegiate department had its commencement regularly in January ; 
 the college commencement occurred on the fourth Thursday in June. Tuition in 
 the college and the seminary was $20 per annum ; in the academy it was from 
 $12 to $i6. All students paid a fee of $2 for contingent expenses. Board, room 
 and fuel in the seminary cost $ioo and $5 was charged for the use of furniture. 
 Room rent in the college buildings was $6. Board in the college boarding-house 
 varied from $1.50 to $2 per week; in private families board could be had at from 
 $2 to $2.50. 
 
 -' . This year of 1858 was distinguished in the history of the time as the year 
 of the great public debates between Stephen A. Douglas and Abraham Lincoln, 
 when the momentous question of slavery then agitating the entire country was 
 discussed by Lincoln and Douglas, both men being candidates for election to the 
 United States senate. These debates were held in seven of the important towns 
 of Illinois ; the fifth in the series took place at Galesburg, on Knox college canj- 
 pus, October 7. Thousands attended. It was a great day for Galesburg and the 
 college, and one of the most spectacular events in their history. A huge banner 
 emblazoned with the motto "Knox College for Lincoln" was stretched across the 
 east wall of the main college building, just over the platform occupied by the de- 
 baters. In 1860 Knox college conferred on Mr. Lincoln the degree of LL. D., 
 and was thus the first educational institution to bestow academic honors on this 
 great citizen of Illinois. 
 
 With the outbreak of the civil war the attendance of students was greatly 
 diminished. The catalogue of 1861-62 shows but forty-eight names of young 
 men, and of. these five are designated as "gone to the war." George Gregory 
 Foster, of Newark, Wis., is starred as "killed at Fredericktown." Mulford E. 
 Dunham, of Bushnell, as "killed at Fort Donelson." There were twenty-four 
 young women in the seminary and one hundred students in the academy a total 
 of 172, as contrasted with 455 in 1858. In the following year, 1862-63, ^or some 
 reason the college did not publish a catalogue, but one was published by the 
 literary societies which gives the entire attendance as 163. In 1863-64 we find 
 39 men in the college and 94 in the academy; seven of the academy boys are 
 
570 :/ . HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY ;^j; 
 
 registered in the United States army, and two in the navy. There were 129 
 young women in their department, making a total of 262. The next year there 
 were but 32 men in the college and 98 in the academy, the number of young 
 women, however, had increased to 140, making the total number of students 270. 
 At the end of the catalogue for this year, (1864-65) is printed a list "of the 
 graduates and students of Knox college, who have been or are now in the United 
 States military or naval service." This list does not include the names of 
 academy students "because unfortunately their names have not been preserved." 
 Over the list of names is printed the motto: "Honor to Whom Honor." All 
 classes from that of i86i to that of 1868 are represented here, the class of 1864 
 providing eleven names, that of 1865, twelve; there are in all fifty names, includ- 
 ing one adjutant, two majors, one lieutenant-colonel, one captain, ten lieutenants, 
 and four sergeants. Four men were killed or died in the service : G. G. Foster, 
 '62 ; W. D. Latimer, '63 ; J. W. Shields, '63 ; M. E. Dunham, '65. In a statistical 
 paper prepared in 1866 by Rev. Frederic T. Perkins, pastor of the First church, 
 the statement is made that Knox college furnished to the Union army two brevet- 
 brigadier generals and forty-five officers and privates. 
 
 President Harvey Curtis died in the spring of 1863. On commencement day, 
 June 25, Rev. William S. Curtis, D. D., was inaugurated as his successor. The 
 new president took as the theme of his address "The American College." In dis- 
 cussing the relation of the college to politics he described the dangers of popular 
 ignorance and passion, and the intense love of power in political leaders. 
 
 "What a sea have we spread out before us, susceptible to every wind that 
 blows, and what elements of storm are ever ready to visit it. The ship of state 
 must ride upon this sea. * * * Its sails are liable to be torn; its masts cut 
 away ; its helm may pass into the hands of unskillful pilots ; its crew may become 
 mutinous and arrayed in hostile factions one against another, as painful events 
 are now teaching us." . ',' ' "' .'I 
 
 This is the only reference in this address, the tone of which is purely aca- 
 demic, to the exciting period through which the nation was passing. 
 
 Five years later the finances of the college had fallen into a critical state. To 
 meet current expenses the college land had been disposed of without thought of 
 future values or of the necessity of preserving the productive endowment on 
 which the security of the institution must inevitably depend. Although the lo- 
 cation of railroad property on land purchased from the college twelve years be- 
 fore had greatly increased the value of its holdings, a proportionate increase had 
 taken place in the expenditures for buildings, equipment and salaries. The 
 income from tuition had been abnormally decreased, not only through the effect 
 of the war in diminishing attendance, but also owing to the fact that a large 
 proportion of the students were on free scholarships which had been given to 
 each original purchaser of a lot at the founding of the town, and which were 
 effective for twenty-five years. It was felt that an appeal must be made to the 
 public ; and it was proposed that the trustees should secure a head for the insti- 
 tution whose influence in this direction would be recognized. Rev. John P. Gul- 
 liver. D. D., pastor of a prominent Congregational church in Chicago, was selected 
 for the position and accepted the presidency. He was noted for his brilliant 
 talent in pulpit and on platform, and it was thought that students would be at- 
 tracted to the college by his reputation. President Gulliver remained at Knox 
 
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570 HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY 
 
 registered in the United States army, and two in the navy. There were 129 
 young women in their department, making a total of 262. The next year there 
 were but 32 men in the college and 98 in the academy, the number of young 
 women, however, had increased to 140, making the total number of students 270. 
 At the end of the catalogue for this year, (1864-65) is printed a list "of the 
 graduates and students of Knox college, who have been or are now in the United 
 States military or naval service." This list does not include the names of 
 academy students "because unfortunately their names have not been preserved." 
 Over the list of names is printed the motto : "Honor to Whom Honor." All 
 classes from that of 1861 to that of 1868 are represented here, the class of 1864 
 providing eleven names, that of 1865, twelve; there are in all fifty names, includ- 
 ing one adjutant, two majors, one lieutenant-colonel, one captain, ten lieutenants, 
 and four sergeants. Four men were killed or died in the service : G. G. Foster, 
 '62 ; W. D. Latimer, '63 ; J. W. Shields, '63 ; M. E. Dunham, '65. In a statistical 
 paper prepared in 1866 by Rev. Frederic T. Perkins, pastor of the First church, 
 the statement is made that Knox college furnished to the Union army two brevet- 
 brigadier generals and forty-five officers and privates. 
 
 President Harvey Curtis died in the spring of 1863. On commencement day, 
 June 25, Rev. William S. Curtis, D. D., was inaugurated as his successor. The 
 new president took as the theme of his address "The American College." In dis- 
 cussing the relation of the college to politics he described the dangers of popular 
 ignorance and passion, and the intense love of power in political leaders. 
 
 "What a sea have we spread out before us, susceptible to every wind that 
 blows, and what elements of storm are ever ready to visit it. The ship of state 
 must ride upon this sea. * * * Its sails are liable to be torn ; its masts cut 
 away ; its helm may pass into the hands of unskillful pilots ; its crew may become 
 mutinous and arrayed in hostile factions one against another, as painful events 
 are now teaching us." 
 
 This is the only reference in this address, the tone of which is purely aca- 
 demic, to the exciting period through which the nation was passing. 
 
 Five years later the finances of the college had fallen into a critical state. To 
 meet current expenses the college land had been disposed of without thought of 
 future values or of the necessity of preserving the productive endowment on 
 which the security of the institution must inevitably depend. Although the lo- 
 cation of railroad property on land purchased from the college twelve years be- 
 fore l;ad greatly increased the value of its holdings, a proportionate increase had 
 taken place in the expenditures for buildings, equipment and salaries. The 
 income from tuition had been abnormally decreased, not only through the effect 
 of the war in diminishing attendance, but also owing to the fact that a large 
 proportion of the students were on free scholarships which had been given to 
 each original purchaser of a lot at the founding of the town, and which were 
 effective for twenty-five years. It was felt that an appeal must be made to the 
 public ; and it was proposed that the trustees should secure a head for the insti- 
 tution whose influence in this direction would be recognized. Rev. John P. Gul- 
 liver. D. D., ])astor of a prominent Congregational church in Chicago, was selected 
 for the position and accepted the presidency. He was noted for his brilliant 
 talent in pulpit and on platform, and it was thought that students would be at- 
 tracted to the college by his reputation. President Gulliver remained at Knox 
 
HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY v.-; 571 
 
 from 1868 to 1872. The attendance was increased and the faculty was enlarged. 
 But the expenses of the institution increased likewise, and, differing from the 
 trustees on the policy to be followed, the trustees insisting on retrenchment. 
 President Gulliver resigned. For the three years ensuing there was no presi- 
 dent. Professor Albert Hurd discharging the duties of that office. 
 
 Reference has been made to the course of study in the female collegiate de- 
 partment. In June, 1870, the trustees adopted a plan whereby the young women 
 in that department were enabled to take a course equivalent to that pursued 
 in the college and to receive the degree of B. A. at its completion. They were 
 allowed, however, to take six years instead of four "to avoid injury to health, 
 and to give time for the cultivation of the fine arts and other accomplish- 
 ments which are not pursued by young men." The courses were given, as pre- 
 viously, in the seminary and in separate classes ; except that in the more ad- 
 vanced studies and lectures of the senior year the young women attended 
 classes with the young men. It was not long after this until all recitations 
 were conducted in mixed classes in the college building. In 1891 the distinc- 
 tive course for women was abandoned and replaced by the literary course, 
 leading to the degree of B. L., bachelor of letters. After 1901 this degree was 
 no longer conferred, the literary course having been dropped from the cata- 
 logue two years before. . . 
 
 In 1875 Newton Bateman, LL. D., accepted the call of the trustees to the 
 presidency and a new epoch was begun in the history of Knox college. Doctor 
 Bateman, whose name is forever linked with the educational development of 
 Illinois, had but recently retired from office as state superintendent of schools 
 an office in which he had rendered signal service for a period of fourteen 
 years. To the duties of his new position he brought the ripe experience of that 
 term of public service and also the experience gained during fourteen years 
 of active teaching previous to his work as superintendent. Warm-hearted, 
 genial, sympathetic and tactful. President Bateman was beloved by his students 
 and admired by his fellow-citizens. His scholarly attainments, his native dig- 
 nity and nobility of character commanded universal respect. Throughout the 
 seventeen years of his long period of service as its president, the college en- 
 joyed a placid era of continuous progress. : 
 
 A department of musical instruction was opened in 1883 under the direc- 
 tion of Miss Lepha A. Kelsey. A department of art was created in the same 
 year. In 1884, a military department was organized under a law authorizing 
 the detail of ten army officers to various institutions in the country ; the pas- 
 sage of the bill through congress was largely due to the influence of President 
 Bateman who secured the assistance of Robert Lincoln, the secretary of war, 
 and the two senators from Illinois, General Logan and Hon. Shelby M. Cullom. 
 A cadet corps was maintained at Knox until the outbreak of the Spanish- 
 American war in 1899, after which event the special details were withdrawn 
 from all educational institutions except the state universities.' 
 
 An addition was placed, in 1885. on the east end of the seminary, and given 
 the name of Whiting hall in honor of Mrs. Maria Whiting, for fifteen years 
 the beloved and devoted principal. Seven years later the west addition was 
 built and, in 1894, on the death of Mrs. Whiting, the entire building was 
 named Whiting hall to honor her memory. Building operations were resumed 
 
572 ; HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY V 1 
 
 in 1890 with the erection of alunmi hall, the gift of former students of the 
 college. On October 8th, the corner stone of this structure was laid with 
 appropriate ceremony, in the presence of several thousand spectators, by 
 President Benjamin Harrison. The first half century in the life of college and 
 city was completed in 1887; and the semi-centennial was observed with enthu- 
 siasm. The town, the church and the college joined in a three-fold celebra- 
 tion of the founding in a series of gatherings held principally in the historic 
 First church, February 25, 26 and 27. 
 
 The college was in a prosperous condition. There had been a steady in- 
 crease in the attendance during the years of President Bateman's incumbency. 
 In 1879-80 there were 391 students; in the following year there were 411; at 
 tlie time of the semi-centennial the total reached 512; and for the college year 
 of 1889-90 there were 6oi enrolled. The spirit of the institution through- 
 out this administration was admirable, and, although the financial situation was 
 not materially strengthened, the affairs of the college were felt to be in good 
 condition because of the popularity it enjoyed and by reason of the atmosphere 
 of harmony and enthusiasm in which its work proceeded. One note-worthy 
 gift was bestowed on the college in 1889. This was the first donation received 
 from the Chicago philanthropist, the generous friend of colleges throughout 
 the land, Doctor D. K. Pearsons. In 1889 he gave to Knox college real estate 
 in Chicago then valued at $50,000. Unfortunately this property has not proved 
 so valuable to the college as was hoped; it has depreciated in value and the 
 income has decreased in proportion. .,;"'- I . 
 
 In 1892, at the instance of Doctor Bateman, whose physical strength had 
 failed with advancing years, the board asked John H. Finley to accept the 
 presidency. The call was accepted by Mr. Finley but Doctor Bateman con- 
 tinued to act as president for the following year. President Finley was inau- 
 gurated at commencement, 1893; and Doctor Bateman retained his relation to 
 the college as president-emeritus until his death, October 21, 1897. 
 
 At the time of his election to this office. President Finley was twenty-nine 
 years old the youngest college president in the country. He was a graduate 
 of Knox and his career as a student had been unusually brilliant. He had 
 worked his way through college achieving every possible honor in scholarship, 
 had won the highest prizes in inter-collegiate and inter-state oratorical con- 
 tests, and had been one of the most popular men in the institution. After leav- 
 ing college, Mr. Finley had taken graduate work at the Johns Hopkins Uni- 
 versity, and then had become secretary of the State Charities Aid Society of 
 New York. He was the founder and editor of The Charities Review, and 
 remained its editor for several years. To his new position he brought the 
 enthusiasm of youth and the devotion of a loyal son of the college. His own 
 undergraduate life was so recent that he was able with rare ability to enter into 
 the circumstances and needs of his sudents, and the relation thus established was 
 intimate and helpful. The feeling of personal comradeship that existed was 
 remarkable. During President Finley's administration the modernization of 
 the college was accomplished in the development of courses in science; the 
 courses in physics, biology and chemistry were arranged in separate depart- 
 ments. In 1894 the position of Dean of Women was created. Instructors in 
 physical culture for both men and women were added. A department of 
 
^'^y.^ >::;' HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY 573 
 
 Bible study was established. Special lecturers were secured from the univer- 
 sities and some of the most distinguished scholars in the country were brought 
 by President Finley to supplement and amplify the work of the college. 
 
 It was at this period that university extension became a popular feature 
 in education and numerous lecture study courses were given under the auspices 
 of the college. Among the special lecturers who thus appeared were Profes- 
 sors J. C Freeman, Richard T. Ely, Frederick J. Turner and Fdward A. 
 Birge, of the University of Wisconsin; Frederick Starr, Harry P. Judson and 
 Albion W. Small, of the University of Chicago ; Frederick A. Wines and Jacob 
 A. Riis, of New York ; J. Graham Brooks, of Harvard University ; J. W. Jenks, 
 of Cornell University; William R. French, of the Chicago Art Institute; Alice 
 Freeman Palmer, then Dean of Women at the University of Chicago; and Jane 
 Addams, of Hull House. The lectures thus delivered were usually in courses 
 of six each, and covered the fields of literature, history, economics, anthro- 
 pology, bacteriology, sociology, ethics and art. Knox college itself took up the 
 method of extension work and several of its own instructors conducted courses 
 in nearby towns and cities. In 1894, 1895, and 1896, a summer session of five 
 weeks duration was maintained with some success. 
 
 The custom of observing the anniversary of Founders' Day on the fifteenth 
 of February was introduced by President Finley in 1894, on which occasion 
 the principal address was delivered by Hon. Geo. R. Peck, of Chicago, his 
 subject being "The Kingdom of Light." The anniversary of the Lincoln- 
 Douglas debate was celebrated for the first time in 1896, with a program of 
 notable addresses by Hon. Chauncy M. Depew of New York, Senator Pal- 
 mer of Illinois, Governor Bois of Iowa, and Hon. Robert T. Lincoln. In 1900, 
 a still more noteworthy celebration occurred when President William McKin- 
 ley and his cabinet honored the occasion with their presence. Charles Emory 
 Smith, postmaster general was the orator of the day, but President McKinley, 
 John Hay, secretary of state, with others of the cabinet, made brief addresses. 
 
 During the seven years of President Finley's administration there was but 
 one in which the attendance fell below 650; in 1898-99 the total number of stu- 
 dents was 673. In 1899 Doctor Finley resigned to take up editorial work in 
 New York ; one year later he accepted a call to the chair of politics in Prince- 
 ton University. Prof. Thomas R. Willard served as acting-president of the col-^^ 
 lege during the year 1899-1900. ^V; > v'^.^.i^v^ 
 
 With the opening of the year 1900-1901, began the administration of Presi- 
 dent Thomas McClelland, whose inauguration took place on Founders' day," 
 February 15, 1901. Doctor McClelland, at the time of his election by the trus- 
 tees of Knox college, was the president of Pacific University, in Oregon ; a 
 man whose long experience as an educator and college executive had been ac- 
 companied with distinguished success. His administration, which has con- 
 tinued happily to the present time, is, perhaps, the most significant in the his- 
 tory of the institution. There has been a visible enlargement in the material 
 equipment, both in buildings and endowment; and, parallel with this sub- 
 stantial increase in its resources, there has been also a notable development in 
 the position of the college as a conspicuous factor in the educational work of the 
 middle west. In these two phases of its growth, in this development both ex- 
 ternal and internal, those connected with the college and its affairs recognize 
 
674 HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY 
 
 the results of the wise educational policy, intelligent and tactful management 
 and unremitting effort of iPresident McClelland. 
 
 The new gymnasium, a handsome structure, perfectly equipped with all the 
 apparatus necessary for the fulfillment of its useful purpose, was completed in 
 1908 and formally dedicated on Founders' day in that year. A banquet was 
 served in its spacious hall to five hundred enthusiastic students and alumni. 
 The cost of this building with its equipment was $3O,ocx). It has supplied a 
 much-needed element in student life and now admirably serves the needs of the 
 college in the important field of physical training. There had long stood upon 
 the campus an ugly, barnlike structure, known as the "Gym," 'erected by enthu- 
 siastic' collegians in 1876 ; it sen'ed its modest purpose fairly well for a time, but 
 became ruinous and was torn down in 1904, to be replaced by its worthier suc- 
 cessor. 
 
 Another notable observance of the anniversary of the great debate oc- 
 curred on October 7, 1908, when Hon. William H. Taft, republican nominee for 
 the presidency of the United States, was the guest of honor and the distin- 
 guished orator of the occasion. United States Senator Theodore E. Burton, 
 of Ohio, delivered the historical address of the day ; and Hon. Adlai E. Steven- 
 son, the former vice-president. Senator Albert J. Hopkins, of Illinois, and Robert 
 Douglas, of North Carolina, a grandson of the Little Giant, were also speak- 
 ers. 
 
 The administrative force of the college was already engaged upon a most 
 important and most strenuous undertaking; this was a year-long campaign for 
 an endowment fund of a quarter million. The successful achievement of this 
 task was finally consummated at a mass-meeting of students and friends of 
 Knox held in Central Congregational church on Founders' day, 1909. The 
 full amount of this fund reached $260,000, an amount sufficient to relieve the 
 college of a debt accumulated in annual deficits for several years, and to pro- 
 duce an income sufficient to meet the annual expenses of the institution. It 
 was felt that a new era had begun and that the greater and better Knox was 
 now assured. To this endowment fund Mr. Andrew Carnegie contributed $50,- 
 ,000 and the General Education Board, which administers the Rockefeller 
 fund, gave a like amount ; both gifts being conditional on the raising of the en- 
 tire sum. Citizens of Galesburg contributed amounts aggregating $88,000,. 
 this amount including large individual gifts from resident trustees of the col- 
 lege. The remainder of the fund was secured in various sums from hundreds 
 of Knox alumni and friends of the college scattered from coast to coast. The 
 success of this laborious and anxious enterprise bears emphatic testimony to 
 the genuine and widespread interest in the welfare of the institution, as well as 
 to the persevering effort of President McQelland and his faithful assistants. 
 
 The enthusiasm aroused by this event was revived a month or so later by the 
 announcement of another very noteworthy and significant donation. In the 
 summer of 1909 Doctor and Mrs. John Van Ness Standish gave to the college 
 property estimated at more than $75,000. This included a deed of their 
 own beautiful residence and spacious gardens which face the college 
 campus, to be known as the Standish Home for the President of Knox Col- 
 lege. The remainder of the gift consists of valuable real estate in the city of 
 Chicago. Doctor and Mrs. Standish had passed the greater part of their lives 
 
-:v V HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY ;^. 575 
 
 
 
 in Galesburg, contributing to the improvement of the city to a degree that 
 cannot be estimated. They had lived beside Knox college for many years and 
 had personally interested themselves in beautifying its somewhat neglected 
 campus. To them the college owes the present arrangement of trees and shrub- 
 bery that now adorn its grounds, in the later improvement of which the creator 
 of the beautiful Standish park has been an active agent. Furthermore Doctor 
 and Mrs. Standish had devoted their lives to the cause of education, and had 
 long planned to bestow their property where it might best promote the cause 
 of intelligence and culture after they should have passed away. Convinced of 
 the permanency of this institution and of its broadening influence and useful- 
 ness, they thus acted bestowing on Knox college the largest single gift it has 
 ever received. .-'V^: ' : 
 
 On October 13, a day appropriately designated as Knox-Galesburg day, in 
 recognition of the close relationship existing between college and city, the city 
 and the college united in a fitting testimonial to these public-spirited benefac- 
 tors. At noon the college body, trustees, faculty and students, with many 
 representative citizens of Galesburg gathered in the gymnasium. Doctor and 
 Mrs. Standish were guests of honor. An informal luncheon was followed by 
 exercises eloquently appreciative of their philanthropic work. Rev. Stuart M. 
 Campbell, Knox '88, made the principal address upon "The Debt of Galesburg 
 to Doctor and Mrs. Standish." At its close, in the name of the college, he pre- 
 sented to the subjects of his address a silver loving-cup "in appreciation of their 
 life-long, broad-minded and far-reaching service in behalf of civic improvement 
 and the advancement of education; and as a token of the love and esteem in 
 which they are held." : ^ 
 
 The last conspicuous addition to the material equipment of the college is 
 seen in the splendid building known as the George Davis Science hall, erected 
 in 1910-1911 for the use of the departments of chemistry, biology and physics. 
 This building receives its name in memory of a former treasurer of the college, 
 whose son-in-law, Mr. J. T. McKnight, for many years a useful and an hon- 
 ored member of the board of trustees, together with Mrs. McKnight, gave the 
 sum of $25,000 toward its erection. In its construction and furnishing no nee- 
 essary expense was spared to make ample provision for the needs of these de-' 
 partments. The laboratories are thoroughly modern in their equipment and 
 are not surpassed in convenience and efficiency. The entire cost was approxi- 
 mately $ii5,ocx). The dedication of Science hall was the feature of the annual 
 Founders' day celebration in 1912. 
 
 A change was made in the educational policy of the institution in 1909, 
 when the official board determined to discontinue the existence of the Knox 
 academy. It had become apparent that this department was no longer a neces- 
 sity. With the modern development of the high schools throughout the ter- 
 ritory from which Knox receives her students, the number of those entering 
 the preparatory department had steadily decreased until practically no students 
 were enrolled below the third year, and most of these were here merely to 
 make up deficiencies that could be covered in a single year of well-ordered 
 work. Thus in 1909-10 there were in the academy but thirty-five students, as 
 compared with 352 in the college, 136 of whom were regular freshmen. 
 
 To render the general equipment of the college more complete a heating ^. 
 
576 HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY 
 
 and lighting plant, costing $40,000 with its connections, was built in 1911. It 
 stands on a lot just east of VVillard field, and furnishes steam heat and electric 
 lighting for all the college buildings. 
 
 Knox college enjoys the distinction of being the first educational institution 
 in Illinois and to this date the only one to be placed upon the list of the 
 Carnegie Foundation for the advancement of Teaching. This admits the pro- 
 fessors on its faculty to benefits of the retiring allowance provided by that 
 fund. Especially significant is the recognition thus given to the standing of 
 the college in the educational world. Equally significant is the recent establish- 
 ment of a system of exchange professorships with Harvard University. The 
 plan originated at Harvard. Four representative colleges in four western 
 states are included in the arrangement : Knox, Beloit, Grinnell and Colorado. 
 By the terms of this agreement Harvard is to send a professor for a half year 
 to these colleges, dividing his time equally among them, and giving such regu- 
 lar instruction in their courses as they may require. In return each of the four 
 colleges is entitled to send to Harvard each year one of its instructors for half 
 a year, with the understanding that he is to devote one-third of his time as an 
 assistant and the rest of his time to graduate or research work in Harvard 
 university. The significance of this agreement lies in the fact that it is an al- 
 liance between colleges that stand for the integrity of the four year college 
 course and a university that is committed to the same educational policy. The 
 plan went into operation in 1912. Albert Bushnell Hart, Eaton professor of 
 the science of government, at Harvard University, spent the month of February 
 at Knox college. He gave courses in American history and American govern- 
 ment, and a series of eight public lectures on American biography ; he also de- 
 livered four illustrated lectures on Japan, China, India, and the Philippine Is- 
 lands. ' '. :; ' ." - ' 
 
 The policy of the institution throughout its history has been to fulfill, in so 
 far as its equipment permitted, the ideal of a college education. The scope of 
 its work has varied at different periods. Some of the departments of the in- 
 stitution in its earlier years have been successively abandoned ; the so-called 
 commercial courses, the department of art, and finally the preparatory depart- 
 ment, the old academy, have been discontinued. The curriculum of the college 
 itself has been broadened and strengthened ; its faculty has been increased until 
 it now numbers twenty-three active members ; its equipment has been greatly 
 enlarged ; but its does not seek to enter the field of the university. It stands for 
 recognized college work and does not attempt that of the special or profession- 
 al school. Although the lines of admission and classification are now closely 
 drawn the number of students in attendance has increased steadily. In the 
 seventy-fifth year of its existence Knox contains a body of 346 college students. 
 
 The limits of this history will not permit any account of the social and liter- 
 ary activities, which form so prominent a part of undergraduate student life; 
 but no sketch of Knox college would be adequate which omitted mention of the 
 service rendered by instructors and trustees. The members of the executive 
 board of the college have from the first been men of integrity and ability, loyal 
 to the highest interests of the institution, and often displaying a remarkable 
 degree of wisdom and foresight in their supervision of its affairs ; had it been 
 otherwise Knox College would not stand where it does today. It must be re- 
 

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 H4 
 
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 W 
 
5T6 HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY 
 
 and lighting plant, costing $40,000 with its connections, was built in 1911. It 
 stands on a lot just east of VVillard field, and furnishes steam heat and electric 
 lighting for all the college buildings. 
 
 Knox college enjoys the distinction of being the first educational institution 
 in Illinois and to this date the only one to be placed upon the list of the 
 Carnegie Foundation for the advancement of Teaching. This admits the pro- 
 fessors on its faculty to benefits of the retiring allowance provided by that 
 fund. Especially significant is the recognition thus given to the standing of 
 the college in the educational world. Fqually significant is the recent establish- 
 ment of a system of exchange professorships with Harvard University. The 
 plan originated at Harvard. Four representative colleges in four western 
 states are included in the arrangement : Knox, Beloit, Grinnell and Colorado. 
 By the terms of this agreement Harvard is to send a professor for a half year 
 to these colleges, dividing iiis time equally among them, and giving such regu- 
 lar instruction in their courses as they may require. In return each of the four 
 colleges is entitled to send to Harvard each year one of its instructors for half 
 a year, with the understanding that he is to devote one-third of his time as an 
 assistant and the rest of his time to graduate or research work in Harvard 
 university. The significance of this agreement lies in the fact that it is an al- 
 liance between colleges that stand for the integrity of the four year college 
 course and a university that is committed to the same educational policy. The 
 plan went into operation in 1912. Albert Bushnell Hart, Eaton professor of 
 the science of government, at Harvard University, spent the month of February 
 at Knox college. He gave courses in American history and American govern- 
 ment, and a series of eight public lectures on American biography ; he also de- 
 livered four illustrated lectures on Japan, China, India, and the Philippine Is- 
 lands. 
 
 The policy of the institution throughout its history has been to fulfill, in so 
 far as its equipment permitted, the ideal of a college education. The scope of 
 its work has varied at different periods. Some of the departments of the in- 
 stitution in its earlier years have been successively abandoned ; the so-called 
 conmiercial courses, the department of art, and finally the preparatory depart- 
 ment, the old academy, have been iliscontinued. The curriculum of the college 
 itself has been broadened and strengthened ; its faculty has been increased until 
 it now numbers twenty-three active members ; its equipment has been greatly 
 enlarged : but its does not seek to enter the field of the university. It stands for 
 recognized college work and does not attempt that of the special or profession- 
 al school. Although the lines of admission and classification are now closely 
 drawn the number of students in attendance has increased steadily. In the 
 seventy-fifth year of its existence Knox contains a body of 346 college students. 
 
 The limits of this history will not permit any account of the social and liter- 
 ary activities, which form so prominent a part of undergraduate student life; 
 but no sketch of Knox college would be adequate which, omitted mention of the 
 service rendered by instructors and trustees. The members of the executive 
 board of the college have from the first been men of integrity and ability, loyal 
 to the highest interests of the institution, and often displaying a remarkable 
 degree of wisdom and foresight in their supervision of its affairs ; had it been 
 otherwise Knox College would not stand where it does today. It must be re- 
 
n 
 
 t/5 
 
 hN 
 
 a 
 
 W 
 
 z 
 
 X O 
 
 "S 
 2. > 
 
 ^ 
 
 z 
 
 c 
 
 8 
 O 
 
 VI 
 
 VI 
 
 xg 
 
 r 
 r 
 
 I 
 
;.;.r'T HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY " 577 
 
 membered, too, that the college has been carried under their guidance and 
 with their liberal assistance through some difficult and critical experiences. 
 The success of any educational institution is closely associated with the in- 
 fluence of the stronger personalities among its teachers. This is eminently true 
 of Knox college. The lives of three men are inseparably interwoven with the 
 life of the college. These were the men who composed the "triumvirate" as, in 
 the closing years of their long and splendid service they were affectionately 
 called. George Qiurchill, Knox, 1851, became principal of the academy in 1855 
 and remained its head for forty-five years, until his death in 1899. Albert Kurd, 
 Middlebury, 1850 became a member of the Knox faculty as teacher of the sci- 
 ences, in 1851 ; in 1897 he was made professor of Latin, and continued to fill 
 that chair until his death in 1906, having taught continuously in the college for 
 fifty-five years. Milton L. Comstock, Knox, 1851, became professor of mathe- 
 matics in 1858, retiring from active work in 1898. He died in 1906. With 
 the record of these men, strong in character and great teachers, stands that 
 of Mrs. Sarah M. McCall, Mt. Holyoke, 1851, who became an instructor in 
 Knox academy in 1865. She was principal of the Galesburg high school from 
 1869 to 1876, when she became again an instructor in Knox academy where 
 ; she remained until her retirement in 1901. Her death occurred in 1906. 
 The extent to which the influence of these noble liv;es has entered into the 
 
 '' 
 
 spirit of Knox graduates and former students who have established the reputa- 
 ; tion of their college in all parts of the world and in every field of honorable 
 activity can not be estimated. And it is in the ability and usefulness of its 
 graduates that a college is justified. 
 
 ';;-.v^^^'';>^'v''V'X.vJ: MUSIC IN KNOX COLLEGE ^v,;:: . :'''.^::''::;.:K 'v; ;.-../:- 
 
 -: .^: V :^;; .,'i' BY PROF. WM. F. BENTLEY ; : '-;^' 
 
 The history of music in Knox college is simply a repetition of the history 
 of music in America, although when Knox college was* founded in 1837, music 
 was past the early stages of our Puritan Fathers, who believed that musical 
 
 ; instruments belonged to the devil and had no place in our religious life. The 
 Puritan clergy opposed even the study of music ; "The names of the musical 
 notes were considered blasphemous." "To sing man's melody was a vain show 
 of art." "God could not take delight in praises where the man of sin had a 
 hand in making the melody." Having to overcome so much of opposition it is 
 
 , no wonder that music in America in 1837 was still in the crudest of conditions, 
 and only comparatively a few of those who lived in the larger cities of our 
 country, even in the "Hub," Boston, knew music as an art or science. Music, 
 however, is a part of man's existence, the same as speech, and as men converse 
 together without a knowledge of grammar or rhetoric, so they sing and play 
 upon instruments without a knowledge of melody or harmony. 
 
 Music in Galesburg and in Knox college was, at first, principally vocal 
 music, as there were few musical instruments owned by the dwellers in "Log 
 City." A limited number of Psalm tunes sung "by ear" was the extent of the 
 religious music of the day. The popular music consisted of love songs, bal- 
 lads, glees, and rounds, both humorous and pathetic, which all tried to sing. 
 
 VoL 187 
 
578 HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY 
 
 During the long winter evenings, the great diversion for the young people, 
 as well as the old, was "The Sings," which were held in the different homes 
 and which were greatly enjoyed, the refreshments of pop-corn, apples, and 
 cider, aiding, no doubt, in the enjoyment. 
 
 It would be interesting to follow in detail the growth of this early music, 
 but that is not the object of this article ; therefore only a few facts will be men- 
 tioned, and for this data the writer quotes largely from historical articles writ- 
 ten by Prof. George Churchill and Mrs. John T. Avery, which have previously 
 appeared in our college and city papers. : L. ,-. - . .-: I ' 
 
 Of the early settlers there were a number who had really good voices, and 
 could sing fairly well, notably Silas Olmstead and E. R. Adams, both of whom 
 brought real musical culture and training from the east. The musical families, 
 of the Holyokes, Hitchcocks, Mills, Lymans, Waters, Churchills, and Stanleys, 
 besides many others, helped to make Galesburg noted for good congregational 
 singing. Mrs. Palmer, sister of Levant Dilley, was considered the leading 
 singer among the women. In 1837 John Kendall and wife came from New 
 York. He had a good voice, and brought with him his violoncello, the first one 
 in the colony. Naturally, he led the music in church with voice and instrument, 
 although he remained only a short time. The first piano was owned by Mrs. 
 S. F. Dolbear who was the first piano teacher in the college and city. Mr. 
 Wm. B. Hamblin, a shoemaker, owned the first violin. The first melodian 
 (purchased in Buffalo, N. Y.) was brought to Galesburg by Riley Root. The 
 first singing master was Samuel R. Bacon, who in 1839 came with his bride, 
 also a singer, and settled with the colony at Geneseo, Illinois. Mr. Bacon made 
 frequent visits to Galesburg, and conducted here the old fashioned singing 
 school for many years. He was a genuine master of music with boundless 
 enthusiasm, a master of reading, of expression, of purity of tone, and of the 
 scientific use of the voice. He with his violin did a great and lasting work for 
 musical Galesburg. 
 
 August 15, 1843, a meeting of the citizens was held in the schoolhouse for 
 the purpose of organizing a band. The organization was perfected under the 
 name of "The Galesburg Citizens* Band," and give its first concert March 27, 
 1844. This band was in demand in all the nearby towns as well as at home for 
 all celebrations, college commencements, etc. The first great success of the 
 band was scored when they furnished the music at a monster presidential gath- 
 ering of the Henry Gay campaign in Peoria, June, 1844, and their elegant band 
 wagon drawn by six horses attracted much attention. 
 
 Following Mr. Bacon, the second musician of great and sterling worth was 
 Mr. L. B. Miller, who moved to Galesburg in 1856. Mr. Miller's voice was a 
 sweet, pure tenor, and as a teacher he excelled. He brought out many of the 
 choruses from oratorios and cantatas with large and finely drilled singing 
 classes. He organized the first male glee club of the city. 
 
 Up to 1859 no other musical event quite equalled the placing of the pipe 
 organ in the Old First church. For several years, Mrs. S. M. Owen was the 
 organist. Mr. Owen was an excellent teacher, and the energetic leader of the 
 choir. After Mr. and Mrs. Owen left Galesburg, Mrs. Lyman West played 
 the organ for two or three years ; then came Prof. Charles Fuhrmann who was 
 a trained musician and a really good player on both organ and piano. Gales- 
 
- V ;v : ; HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY 
 
 579 
 
 , burg and Knox college owe a great debt to this man; his ideals were high and 
 ; v the standard of music as an art was perceptibly raised. 
 
 . ; During the period of the civil war, the war songs helped stir all hearts 
 
 '.,. with patriotic fervor. Mrs. M. D. Cooke with characteristic energy, went 
 
 . ; about the schools and taught the children war songs. She did such efficient 
 
 : work in training the children that the board of education conceived the idea of 
 
 engaging her as a permanent instructor for several years. 
 
 i, ' Galesburg, like niany other American cities of a half century ago, passed 
 \ through the musical convention stage. George F. Root, Wm. P. Bradbury, 
 . and other prominent men held conventions here, and both the college and the 
 , city gave staunch support. Qioral music became one of the distinct features 
 : " of college and city life. .; ; ^; .. 
 
 ; ' The music in Knox college was so intimately associated with the music in 
 Galesburg that it is difficult to separate the two distinct factions, for Knox 
 . '. college did not engage its music teachers as it did the other instructors, on a 
 salaried basis; it simply recommended certain teachers from the city to the vari- 
 ous students who wished to study music. The names of the teachers thus 
 '; . recommended appeared in the catalog as members of the faculty, but there was 
 no course in music offered, and the college owned no instrument except the 
 : little organ used for chapel exercises. The name of Mrs. S. F. Dolbear appears 
 : in the catalog of 1852 as teacher of music, and this was the beginning of a 
 ' ? long list of music teachers. , , , 
 , ' Miss Mary Flagg, 1854. ; -...' 
 
 '.': ;' Mrs. S. C. Qiappell, 1855. ' 
 ';. - Miss Mary E. Comstock, 1855. 
 -' V^ Miss E. S. Kendall, 1858. 
 .Miss Jennie W. Sweetland, 1858. 
 
 Mrs. Sarah E. Rollo, 1868 (music students' names appearing in catalog for 
 ., the first time, 28 students). 
 ...,;, Miss Fannie W. Robinson, Mrs. Ella Adele Olmstead, 1869-70. .;*"...':-,.,.,: ,j 
 
 ' .-Mrs. Mary Ives Seymore, Mrs. Mary F. Disbrow, 1870-71. 
 : Mrs. Mary F. Disbrow, 1871-72, 
 
 .'.' Miss Julia M. Farr, 1872-73. . ' ' '^ :^^; ;" 
 
 ; Prof. John S. Fuller, 1873-78. :/:;; , ;. : . :.:' v ;;:;^, f 'y^-; 
 
 .; ' Prof. Carl Laux, Mrs. Chas. Hurd, Mrs. Emila B. Laux, 1878-79. ; ' 
 \ ; (At this time lessons in harmony were introduced.) . . .^ I- ;.'i 
 
 '.:;/ Prof. Carl Laux, Mrs. E. B. Laux, 1879-80. ^ -^^ :v 
 
 :''-.; Mrs. E. Clara Pratt, i88o-8i. ^' ,v ^V? ;" ' ^:.^ '^ v;:^ 
 
 .|;; ;- :Miss Hattie Adams, Miss Julia Brewer, 1881-82. : ; ; \, - 
 
 : Harry C. Brooks, 1882-83. (Mr. Brooks was regularly engaged by the 
 
 ;. college, upon a percent plan of salary.) 
 
 . ' From 1868 to 1883 the average yearly attendance was 46 students. 
 \ / Lepha A. Kelsey, Florence Sperry, Charles Lindoft, E. D. WycofF, 1883-84. 
 . In this year a prescribed course in piano, voice, violin, organ and harmony 
 
 was formulated, and Knox Conservatory of Music was established as a regular 
 department of the college. 
 
 Miss Lepha .A. Kelsey remained as director for the following year, 1884- 
 .: ;. 85, but in the fall of 1885 the writer of this article was called to take full charge 
 
 Miss Eliza Shepherd, 1859. 
 Prof. Chas. Fuhrmann, 1860. 
 Mr. Geo. F. Bacon, 1860. 
 Miss Mary L. Hatch, i86i. 
 William August Henning, 1866. 
 
580 HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY 
 
 of this department of the college, and for over a quarter of a century he has 
 . labored incessantly for the educational, artistic, and financial success of the 
 
 institution. 
 
 ; Although the' present director was practically the founder of the conserva- 
 tory, yet if he had not had the assistance and support of Mrs. Maria Whiting, 
 who was at that time the principal of "the ladies' seminary," now "Whiting 
 hall," he could have accomplished but a small part of what has been realized. 
 
 The equipment in 1885 consisted of an old cabinet organ, two old square 
 pianos, and one new upright. The present equipment consists of a fine large 
 three manual pipe organ in Beecher chapel, and three two manual pedal organs, 
 all pumped with electric motors. The school owns also six large grand pianos, 
 and twenty upright pianos for practice. For the orchestra the school has pur- 
 chased a number of instruments, and has an extensive library of music. 
 
 While the growth of Knox conservatory has been slow, the standards are 
 high, and a diploma from this department of the college takes with it an as- 
 surance of good technical attainments and a thorough appreciation of the intel- 
 lectual and artistic in music. There is now an extended course offered, leading 
 to the degree of musical bachelor. 
 
 The home of the conservatory has always been in Whiting hall; indeed, the 
 east end of the building was originally built for its use and as a home for L. 
 M. I. society. The pressing need of the school at the present time, if it is to 
 grow, is a building thoroughly modern and up to date, so that a large number 
 of students can be accommodated. 
 
 It is one thing to plan, another to carry out the plan, and it is to the list of 
 professors and instructors we must turn if we would know why Knox con- 
 servatory has succeeded. Some of these professors have worked many years 
 side by side with the director with the utmost enthusiasm. 
 
 The following list contains only those who were in the school as regular 
 teachers for five or more years. .} >. . . ' (. ; 
 
 John Winter Thompson, Mus. B., teacher of organ and theory of music; 
 twenty-two years' service; member of present faculty. 
 
 Susan K. Clisbee (Countryman), teacher of violin; twenty years' service. 
 
 Florence Josephine Lee (Whitman), A. M,, teacher of voice; six years' serv- 
 
 :'!' ice- 
 
 Blanche M. Boult, teacher of pianoforte ; nineteen years' service ; member of 
 present faculty. 
 
 Frederick M. Mueller, Mus. B., teacher of organ, theory and pianoforte; 
 eleven years' service. ,; V=i ',.':'. ^ 
 
 Harriet W. Webster, teachef of pianoforte; eighteen years' service. ,;-,.. 
 
 Bessie Cary, teacher of voice; six years' service. 
 
 Forrest Horrell (Kellogg), teacher of voice; six years' service. ' 
 ; Selma Zetterberg (Stromberg), teacher of pianoforte; six years' service. 
 '-, Emelie C. Waste, teacher of pianoforte; five years' service. ,.:]-.-:'-:. 
 ; Allan B. Dow, teacher of pianoforte; five years' service. 
 
 Lilian Elwood, teacher of voice; five years' service; member of present fac- 
 ' ' ' 
 
 . William Blake Carlton, teacher of voice ; five years' service ; member of pres- 
 ent faculty. . , .' . V. 
 
WHITING liALL 
 
 Located on Tompkins Street, between Cherry and Broad. Erected in 1857. Remodeled in 1885 and 
 1892. Value, $70,000. East wing occupied by Knox Conservatory of Music. 
 
 OLD MAIN AND EAST WING, ALUMNI H.\LL 
 
 Old Main erected in 1857. Value, $50,000. Business office of the college. 
 Alumni Hall erected in 1890-1. Corner-stone laid by President Harrison. Value, $75,000. 
 
580 HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY 
 
 of this department of the college, and for over a quarter of a century he has 
 labored incessantly for the educational, artistic, and financial success of the 
 institution. . . ; : 
 
 Although the present director was practically the founder of the conserva- 
 tory, yet if he had not had the assistance and support of Mrs. Maria \\'hiting, 
 who was at that time the principal of "the ladies' seminary," now "Whiting 
 hall," he could have accomplished but a small part of what has been realized. 
 
 The equipment in 1885 consisted of an old cabinet organ, two old square 
 pianos, and one new upright. The present equipment consists of a fine large 
 three manual pipe organ in I'eecher chapel, and three two manual pedal organs, 
 all pumped with electric motors. The school owns also six large grand pianos, 
 and twenty upright pianos for practice. For the orchestra the school has pur- 
 chased a number of instruments, and has an extensive library of music. 
 
 \\'hile the growth of Knox conservatory has been slow, the standards are 
 high, and a diploma from this department of the college takes with it an as- 
 surance of good technical attainments and a thorough appreciation of the intel- 
 lectual and artistic in music. There is now an extended course offered, leading 
 to the degree of musical bachelor. 
 
 The home of the conservatory has always been in Whiting hall ; indeed, the 
 east end of the building was originally built for its use and as a home for L. 
 M. I. society. The pressing need of the school at the present time, if it is to 
 grow, is a building thoroughly modern and u\) to date, so that a large number 
 of students can be accommodated. 
 
 It is one thing to plan, another to carry out the plan, and it is to the list of 
 professors and instructors we must turn if we would know why Knox con- 
 servatory has succeeded. Some of these professors have worked many years 
 side by side with the director with the utmost enthusiasm. 
 
 The following list contains only those who were in the school as regular 
 teachers for five or more years. [ 
 
 John Winter Thompson, Mus. B.. teacher of organ and theory of music; 
 twenty-two years' service ; member of present faculty. 
 
 Susan K. Clisbee (Countryman), teacher of violin; twenty years' service. 
 
 Florence Josephine Lee (Whitman), A. M., teacher of voice; six years' serv- 
 ice. 
 
 Blanche M. Boult. teacher of pianoforte; nineteen years' service; member of 
 present faculty. 
 
 Frederick M. Mueller, Mus. B., teacher of organ, theory and pianoforte; 
 eleven years' service. ' | .;; 
 
 Harriet W. Webster, teacher of pianoforte; eighteen years* service. 
 
 Bessie Cary, teacher of voice; six years' service. 
 
 Forrest Horrell (Kellogg), teacher of voice; six years' service. ' 
 
 Selma Zetterberg (Stromberg), teacher of pianoforte; six years' service. 
 
 Emelie C. Waste, teacher of pianoforte; five years' service. i . . 
 
 Allan B. Dow, teacher of pianoforte ; five years' service. 
 
 Lilian Elwood, teacher of voice; five years' service; member of present fac- 
 ulty. ' - , -. . - - . ' : :;: -.. ':- I v^--::/ 
 
 William Blake Carlton, teacher of voice ; five years' service ; member of pres- 
 ent facultv. 
 
WHITING HALL 
 
 Located on Tompkins Street, between Cherry and Uroad. Erected in 1857. Remodeled in 1885 and 
 1892. Value, $70,000. East wing occii])ied by Knox Conservatory of Music. 
 
 OLD .M.M.N AND KA.ST WING, ALU.MNI H.\LL 
 
 Old Main erected in 1857. N'alue, $50,00(1. litisiness office of tbe college. 
 Alumni Hall erected in ISitO-l. Corner-stone laid by President Harrison. X'alue, $75,000. 
 
',- ':V- HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY ; 581 
 
 Our graduates, nearly two hundred in number, are doing excellent service in 
 nearl)' every state in the Union, and some are bringing great honor upon their 
 alma mater. The enrollment of 250 students is at present about the average 
 attendance, with a faculty of nine professors. 
 
 A history of "Music in Knox College" would not be complete without men-^ 
 tion of some of the musical organizations. During the years when Knox boasted 
 of a cadet corps in charge of a lieutenant furnished by the government, a cadet 
 band was organized and sustained as long as the -military officer was in charge. 
 This band of thirty-five pieces, uniformed in gray, was the pride not only of 
 the college, but of the city as well. 
 
 For the past decade of years the Knox Glee club has held aloft the standard 
 of "Old Knox" in many states, even as far west as the Pacific coast. The club 
 has boasted some excellent voices in past years, but the club of 1912 seems to 
 be the culmination of good voices, good musicians and good fun-makers. 
 
 Another organization is the "Knox Conservatory Vocal Society," which was 
 organized in 1890, and in connection with the conservatory orchestra presented 
 yearly the masterpieces of choral music. In 1899 this society was reorganized, 
 and at the present time continues as a city organization known as "the Gales- 
 burg Musical Union." It gives from time to time the choral works of the great 
 masters, a partial list of which follows : "Messiah," Handel : "Creation," Haydn ; 
 "St. Paul" and "Elijah," Mendelssohn; "Crusaders," Gade ; "Samson and De- 
 lilah," Saint-Saens; "Faust," Gounod; "The Golden Legend." Sullivan; "Scenes 
 from Hiawatha," Coleridge-Taylor, and "Aida," Verdi. . :. . '.^ 
 
 Such organizations as "The Thomas Orchestra," "The Chicago Symphony 
 Orchestra" and "The Minneapolis Symphony Orchestra" have played here fre- 
 quently in special concerts or in connection with "The Galesburg Musical Union" 
 in the annual May festivals, which have become a feature of our city's life. 
 
 The conservatory has maintained for twenty years an artists' course, in which 
 many prominent artists have appeared in recital, giving the students of the col- 
 lege and conservatory an opportunity to hear the best, and through this hearing 
 to acquire higher ideals. The names of only a few of these artists are recorded : 
 Wm. H. Sherwood, Max Heinrich, Teresa Carreno, Bruno Steindel, Godowsky, 
 Edward Baxter Perry, Fannie Bloomfield Zeisler, Rudolph Ganz, Witherspoon, 
 Ellen Beach Yaw, the Olive Mead Quartette, Maude Powell and Myrtle Elvyn. 
 The same spirit which exists in the college regarding Christian character and 
 good morals exists in the faculty and among the students of the conservatory, 
 and the whole tone of the school is hard work and high ideals. 
 
 As has been stated, when the college was first organized it depended entirely 
 upon the city for its music, whereas now the opposite may be said, for from 
 the faculty of the conservatory or from its student body the choristers, organ- 
 ists and soloists of the various churches are chosen, and the musical life of 
 Galesburg is practically resultant of the work of this institution. 
 
582 - ; . HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY ;>; .-:?C 
 
 ;^^;;i> . LOMBARD COLLEGE ^ ^^^i '^^ ' 
 
 .v ' BY REV. EDSON REIFSNIDER 
 
 The movement inaugurated in 1850 looking toward the establishment of an 
 institution of learning in which religious pressure, distasteful to those who were 
 not classed as Evangelical Christians, would not be brought to bear upon their 
 children, had in view no such ambitious end as a college. On the part of these 
 earnest souls there was a strong feeling that the denominational control of the 
 institutions above the grade of common schools, practically all in the state being 
 thus controlled, was detrimental to free inquiry after truth. Release was most 
 eagerly desired, also, from the well meant, but unwelcome interference with their 
 children on the ground of religious belief. It came about, therefore, when Rev- 
 erend Charles P. West, a pioneer preacher of universalism in Illinois, suggested 
 that a non-sectarian "seminary of learning" be established by the Universalists 
 of Illinois he found an encouraging reception of his idea. 1- " 
 
 On the igth of May, 1850, the Spoon River Association of Universalists 
 convened at Greenbush, Warren county. To the association Mr. West presented 
 his plea for the founding of an academy, having been urged to do so at a meet- 
 ing held shortly before at the home of Mr. Amos Pierce of Greenbush, for the 
 discussion of the project. The association resolved that such a school ought to 
 be established at Galesburg by the Universalists of the state. Soon after this 
 the Henderson River association, meeting in Oquaka, and the Universalist State 
 convention, meeting in Toulon, commended the idea, the latter pledging itself 
 to do all possible to put the plan into execution. 
 
 A canvass for the raising of funds was started, the plan being to organize a 
 joint stock company with a capital of $5.000, shares $25, when half the amount 
 was subscribed. Mr. West proved himself a man of action as well as of words, 
 being able to announce in October that the required sum had been pledged. On 
 the 24th of that month the subscribers met in Galesburg and organized under 
 the name "The Universalist Literary Society of the State of Illinois." They 
 elected fifteen trustees, whose officers were Honorable Alfred Brown, president ; 
 Lorentus E. Conger, treasurer, and Reverend C. P. West, secretary. A build- 
 ing committee was appointed and Mr. West again went into the field as general 
 agent to make collections and solicit further subscriptions. A charter was secured 
 from the state February 15, 1851, for "The Illinois Liberal institute," that name 
 having been selected at a meeting held November 29, 1850. The object of the 
 incorporation was stated to be the establishment and support of education, it 
 being stipulated that property beyond the value at any one time of more than 
 $20,000 could not be held. 
 
 On the northwest corner of Seminary and Tompkins streets, near the Bur- 
 lington depot, the first building was erected. It was of brick and was begun 
 in the spring of 1851, but owing to the lack of means at the disposal of the 
 committee it was not ready for occupancy until the first of September, 1852. 
 The institute was then opened with Reverend P. Raymond Kendall as principal 
 and Miss Caroline S. Woodbury in charge of the female department, these teach- 
 ers having been appointed the previous March. The courses offered were in 
 three departments academic, scientific and collegiate, the total enrollment for 
 the first year being 134. ... . _ . 
 
> ;?:" V ;: 3 ' HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY. -' 588 
 
 The choice of Professor Kendall meant much for the future of the young 
 institution. He soon became ambitious to make it something more than the 
 academy first planned and fully satisfied the original promoters. He urged the 
 need of a college in addition to the work done by the institute ; 6ut he found the 
 trustees unwilling to further his ambition. His strong personality and his enter- 
 prise were such that finally a reluctant consent was wrung from the board to 
 undertake the establishment of a college. However, they made the seemingly 
 impossible condition, the raising of $50,000, doubtless believing that this would 
 put an end to the importunities to which they had been so opposed. The charter 
 was amended January 26, 1853, granting the right to hold property to the 
 amount of $50,000, and to confer degrees for collegiate honors. In the fall of 
 1854, among other additions to the faculty, were two teachers destined to render 
 the institution many years of devoted service. They were Miss H. A. Kendall, 
 afterward Mrs. Standish, and Professor J. V. N. Standish, both of them most 
 excellent and commanding teachers, sketches of whose busy and useful lives ap- 
 pear elsewhere in this work. To Professor Standish, prior to his coming, his 
 friend and classmate. Professor Kendall, had confided his plans to make of the 
 institute a college, relying on his co-operation. In furtherance of the plans Pro- 
 fessor Kendall shortly after the arrival of Professor Standish took the field to 
 canvass for the necessary funds, the latter becoming acting president and re- 
 maining such until the fall of 1857. 
 
 On the afternoon of April 27, 1855, the building burned, the loss being total, 
 as there was no insurance. The blow was a serious one, but the friends of the 
 institute and its loyal and self-sacrificing teachers would not brook any suggestion 
 of failure. On learning of the calamity. Professor Kendall hastened home from 
 Wisconsin to find that without an intermission recitations had been continued 
 in rooms temporarily secured, in various parts of the city through the en- 
 ergy of Professor Standish. Professor Kendall now continued to press his 
 plans for a college, and with the aid of a corps of assistants, Messrs. J. H. 
 Chapin, W. S. Ballou and other Universalist clergymen, he pushed the canvass 
 for funds with renewed zeal. As a result a total of about $60,000 was sub- 
 scribed, the larger part of it being secured by the sale of scholarships, which 
 yielded twice their cost in tuition. 
 
 It was in 1855 that Benjamin Lombard, then living in Henry, Illinois, be- 
 stowed his liberal gift of $20,000 on the institution, and in recognition of his 
 generous aid the name was changed to Lombard University. A new building 
 costing $40,000 was erected on a site selected in an eighty acre tract in the south- 
 east part of the city purchased from L. E. Conger. It is built of brick, 80x66 
 feet, three stories high and of modified gothic architecture. Then it stood on 
 the barren prairie; now on its fourteen acre campus it is surrounded by spacious 
 lawns, attractive shrubbery and a glory of magnificent trees of about forty choice 
 varieties, the most glorious of all being the two rows of noble elms on the north 
 and west. This building was not completed without many discouragements. 
 Several times work was suspended because the treasury was empty, but at last 
 the roof was on and late in the fall of 1856 recitations were held under its 
 shelter. Several years elapsed before the building was fully completed, and now 
 it stands a monument to the faithful souls who put so much of themselves into 
 its walls. . ; / . . ."" 
 
 '* '.'.;- ' . '',. 
 
; 584 HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY 
 
 ' Professor Kendall severed his connection with the university in 1856, though 
 
 for part of the college year of 1858-9 he was in temporary charge during the 
 
 . absence of the president. In the fall of 1857 Doctor Otis A. Skinner became 
 
 president. Into his administration he put with much intensity the brilliant powers 
 
 '.: with which he was endowed, but unfortunately he was obliged to resign in 1859, 
 
 though not until he made his fine influence an investment for the future welfare 
 
 - of the school. It was during his administration in 1858 that Professor Parker 
 
 became a member of the faculty. He is now in his 87th year, the honored pro- 
 
 : fessor emeritus of the Greek language and Greek literature. His conspicuous 
 
 ability as a teacher and his sincere, helpful, kindly interest in the students who 
 ;. came under his instruction have made his name revered. 
 
 James Partelow Weston, D. D., became the successor of Doctor Skinner. 
 
 He remained in the office from the fall of 1859 until 1872, his term of service 
 
 being long enough for him to leave the impress of his strong character not alone 
 
 upon Lombard, but upon the city as well. Very largely inspired by him, the 
 
 endowment was increased to $100,000. Among the generous donors were E. G. 
 
 ' Hall and Lorentus E. Conger, each giving $10,000. Doctor Weston was loved 
 
 _ by teachers, students and friends, and the fact that one of the grammar schools 
 
 of Galesburg was named for him testifies to the esteem in which he was held. 
 
 Following the resignation of Doctor Weston, Professor William Livingston 
 > was made provisional president, serving in that capacity for three years. His 
 ' long connection with the university as a member of the faculty made him ac- 
 quainted with its needs. He came to Lombard in 1855 as the professor of nat- 
 . ural science, and from that time until his death, December 29, 1879, he gave 
 to it the full measure of his devotion. When in 1875 Doctor Nehemiah White 
 was elected to the presidency Professor Livingston was appointed financial agent 
 and won for the institution many warm friends. through his gracious presenta- 
 tion of its claims. 
 
 President White was inaugurated in the opera house, January 6, 1876, and 
 
 .. continued in office until 1892, which makes his term of service as president the 
 
 longest in Lombard's history. He was born in Wallingford, Vermont, in 1835, 
 
 was graduated from Middlebury college, Middlebury, Vermont, in 1857, and 
 entered at once the ranks of the teacher. After holding several minor positions 
 he took the chair of mathematics in St. Lawrence University, Canton, N. Y. In 
 1872 he became professor of ancient languages in Buchtel College, Akron, Ohio, 
 
 a position he held until called to Galesburg. While in Ohio he was ordained 
 : to the ministry of the Universalist church. He was a man of ripe scholarship, 
 . deep spiritual nature and gentle, kindly manner. 
 
 It was during his administration that the project to establish a theological 
 department was first considered. In 1880 definite action was taken by President 
 :' White, Reverend F. L. Conger and Reverend W. H. Ryder, D. D., and the de- 
 ; partment was established in the fall of i88i. Prior to this the Universalist de- 
 nomination had no divinity school in the west, and the lack which had been 
 ,; felt for some time was supplied. The school has received many gifts, among 
 them being $20.000 from the late Honorable A. G. Throop, founder of the 
 
 Throop Polytechnic Institute at Pasadena, California. Its largest benefactor was 
 ; :' Doctor Ryder, whose generous provision for it in his will secured to it about 
 
 $50,000. In recognition of his abiding interest in it and in the university it was 
 
MAIN BUILDING, LOMBARD COLLEGE -,.;'' 
 
 Located on East Knox Street, between Lombard and Locust Streets. Erected in 1856. Cost, $40,000. 
 
. HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY 
 
 ^ I'rofessor Kendall severed his connection with the university in 1856, though ; 
 for part of the college year of 1858-9 he w'as in temporary charge during the .- 
 absence of the president. In the fall of 1857 Doctor Otis A. Skinner became 
 president. Into his administration he put with much intensity the brilliant ix)wers 
 with which he was endowed, but unfortunately be was obliged to resign in 1859, 
 though not until he made his fine influence an investment for the future welfare 
 of the school. It was during his administration in 1858 that Professor Parker 
 became a member of the faculty. He is now in his 87th year, the honored pro- 
 fessor emeritus of the Greek language and Greek literature. His conspicuous , - 
 ability as a teacher and his sincere, helpful, kindly interest in the students who 
 came under his instruction have made his name revered. 
 
 James Partelow Weston, D. D., became the successor of Doctor Skinner. 
 He remained in the office from the fall of 1859 until 1872, his term of service 
 being long enough for him to leave the impress of his strong character not alone 
 ujxin Lombard, but upon tbe city as well. Very largely ins])ired by him, the 
 endowment was increased to $100.000. Among the generous donors were E. G. 
 Hall and Lorentus F. Conger, each giving $10,000. Doctor Weston was loved 
 by teachers, students and friends, and the fact that one of the grammar schools 
 of Galesburg was named for him testifies to the esteem in which he was held. 
 
 Following the resignatiori of Doctor Weston. Professor William Livingston 
 was made provisional i)resident. serving in that capacity for three years. His 
 long connection with the university as a member of the faculty made him ac- 
 quainted with its needs. He came to Lombard in 1855 as the professor of nat- 
 ural science, and from that time until his death. December 29, 1879. he gave 
 to it the ful! measure of his devotion. When in 1875 Doctor Xehemiah White 
 was elected to the presidency Professor Livingston was appointed financial agent 
 and won for the institution many warm friends through his gracious presenta- ;' ' 
 tion of its claims. 
 
 President White was inaugurated in the opera house, January 6, 1876. and : 
 continued in office until 1892, which makes his term of service as president the 
 longest in Lombard's history. He was born in Wallingford, \^ermont, in 1835, .. 
 was graduated from Middlebury college, Middlebury, Vermont, in 1857, and 
 entered at once the ranks of the teacher. After holding several minor positions 
 he took the chair of mathematics in .St. Lawrence University, Canton, X. Y. In 
 1872 he became professor of ancient languages in Buchtel College, Akron, Ohio, 
 a position he held until called to Galesburg. While in Ohio he was ordained , : 
 to the ministrv of the I'niversalist church. He was a man of ripe scholarship, 
 deep spiritual nature and gentle, kindly manner. 
 
 It was during his administration that the project to establish a theological 
 department was first considered. In 1880 definite action was taken by President 
 White. Reverend E. L. Conger and Reverend W. H. Ryder, D. D., and the de- 
 partment was established in the fall of 1881. Prior to this the Universalist de- 
 nomination had no divinity school in the west, and the lack which had been 
 felt for some time was supplied. The school has received many gifts, among 
 them being $20.000 from the late Honorable A. G. Throop, founder of the 
 Throop Polytechnic Institute at Pasadena, California. Its largest benefactor was 
 Doctor Ryder, whose generous provision for it in his will secured to it about 
 $50,000. In recognition of liis abiding interest in it and in the university it was 
 
' ; .MAIX nUILDING, LOMHARD CObLEGE '*''; - 
 
 Located on Kaft Knox Street, between Lombard and Locust Streets. Krected in 1856. Cost, $40,000. 
 
^ ..'* 
 
;^v;i^^j ^' HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY 585 
 
 named in 1890 Ryder Divinity School. It has sent into the ministry of the Uni- 
 
 \ versalist church men and women who have served it with devotion and ability 
 and who have made their worthy contribution to the advancement of the Chris- 
 
 r tian religion. In 1892 Doctor White was placed in charge of the divinity school, 
 retaining that position until failing health made necessary his resignation in 1905. 
 He died in Ogdensburg, N. Y., December 8, 1911. In 1909 Reverend Edson 
 Reif snider, for several years prior to that time pastor of the local Universalist 
 church, was appointed dean of the school. ; . v .'. 
 
 Dr. John Clarence Lee, a member of the faculty, became president in 1892, 
 but after serving only a few weeks he resigned. His interest in the elective sys- 
 tem, which made somewhat more flexible the course of study offered, led to its 
 
 /adoption the following year. , . 
 
 V; ;. In October, 1892, Doctor Standish became president. He served until June, 
 
 1895, bringing to the office the ripened wisdom of a long life devoted with en- 
 thusiasm to advancing the cause of education. The need of a building for women 
 was urgent, and Doctor Standish began a canvass for the necessary funds. Be- 
 
 ' fore the completion of the canvass, however, the financial depression which swept 
 over the country counseled delay, and the building was not erected while he was 
 president, though part of the money subscribed was subsequently paid. 
 
 Late in the fall of 1895 there was called to the office a man whose adminis- 
 tration infused fresh life and vigor into all the interests of the school and 
 
 wrought marked changes in the appearance of the campus. This man was Rev- 
 erend Charles Ellwood Nash, S. T. D., who at the time was pastor of one of the 
 prominent Universalist churches of Brooklyn, N. Y. Doctor Nash, being an 
 alumnus of Lombard, brought to her the ardent love of one of her sons, and all 
 
 : of his conspicuous ability as an inspiring preacher and eloquent platform speaker, 
 a quickener of the spirit of loyalty and an indefatigable worker, was freely and 
 joyously placed under tribute to her. His stirring and virile manhood, his 
 hearty belief in the value of education and his contagious optimism soon began 
 to bear fruit. In 1896 the building for the use of the women of the college was 
 erected near the northeast corner of the campus. This building, known as Lom- 
 bard hall, is of red pressed brick, three stories in height and is a model of con- 
 venience and comfort. It has proved a delightful home for the young ladies 
 who have been fortunate enough to find shelter beneath its hospitable roof. The 
 
 ; year following the walls of the gymnasium arose on the campus between the 
 main building and Lombard hall. It is two stories in height and has a fine 
 basement furnished with the necessary conveniences of a well equipped structure 
 of its character. It has been a source of keen satisfaction to the lovers of ath- 
 letics among the students and faculty. On one of the inner walls a bronze tab- 
 let commends the class of 1897 for the important part it took in subscribing to 
 the fund and in making the canvass for the building a success. The president's 
 house across from the campus on the corner of Knox and Lombard streets was 
 built for Doctor Nash for his home and acquired by the college after his resig- 
 nation. Doctor Nash presented the needs of Lombard so persuasively to its 
 friends that a considerable sum was added to its endowment during his adminis- 
 tration, and prior to his resignation he had secured several goodly subscriptions 
 toward a new $100,000 fund for the enlargement of the permanent endowment. 
 In 1899 the name was changed from Lombard university to Lombard college, the 
 latter title being considered more appropriate for an institution of its character. 
 
586 ' HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY 
 
 Early in 1894 Doctor Nash resigned to accept an important national office in 
 the Universalist church, and E>ean Fredrick W. Rich was put in charge of the 
 college. Dean Rich had been a teacher there for a score of years and was so 
 well acquainted with the routine of administration that under his intelligent and 
 careful oversight none of its interests suffered. He was at the helm until the 
 fall of 1905, turning it over to the new president at that time. Dean Rich has 
 been one of the most efficient teachers connected with the college, and when he 
 resigned at the close of the college year in 1911 after a service covering more 
 than a quarter of a century it was with the consciousness that he had helped 
 hundreds of young men and women to find themselves and a worthy place in 
 life and a friend whose regard for them was sincere and true. 
 
 The present head of Lombard, Reverend Lewis Beals Fisher, D. D., assumed 
 the presidency in September, 1905. He had been a professor for fifteen years in 
 the Canton Theological school. Canton, N. Y., a department of St. Lawrence Uni- 
 versity. He was at once confronted by the task of completing the canvass for a 
 $100,000 fund begun by Doctor Nash, and he addressed himself to it with an 
 energy and persistency prophesying success. It was far from easy of accom- 
 plishment, but the appeals of this genial, warmhearted man brought from old 
 friends and new the subscriptions called for by the terms of an agreement on 
 the part of Mr. Andrew Carnegie to contribute $25,000, provided the balance be 
 secured from others. When the late Thomas Lowry of Minneapolis, who had 
 early in the canvass pledged $10,000, made the condition of its payment the rais- 
 ing of the entire amount sought by December 31, 1906, a fresh impetus was 
 imparted to the enterprise, and when the day arrived the joyful announcement 
 was made that the conditions had been met and the fund was assured. 
 
 Doctor Fisher's conduct of his office has been characterized by kindly regard 
 for the best welfare of the teachers associated with him and the students com- 
 mitted to his care. He has made for himself a wide circle of friends, whose 
 friendship extends also to the college. It is not too much to say that no man 
 has ever occupied the presidency who has won so readily the warm affection of 
 the student body nor one who has better deserved it. 
 
 The foregoing is mainly a statement of bare facts. Only those who can read 
 liberally between the lines will succeed in getting the whole story. Justice can- 
 not begin to be done in so brief a sketch, and many must go unnamed whose 
 love and sacrifice are builded into the walls of Old Lombard. She has had a 
 noble history and has played a most commendable part in furnishing her full 
 quota of strong and good men and women to the need of a growing world, men 
 and women some of whom have become honorably known both nationally and 
 internationally. 
 
 Though the college had its birth in a spirit of protest against what was 
 deemed pernicious sectarian influences in education, it was the purpose of its 
 organizers to educate the young under uplifting Christian influences. Chapel 
 services were held daily, attendance on which was and still is compulsory. Fail- 
 ure to regularly attend church on Sunday was dealt with severely, but the church 
 was left to the free choice of the student or his parents. The early catalogs 
 enumerated thirty-two rules to which the student pledged himself in writing be- 
 fore being admitted to the institution. An early rule reads : "No student shall 
 attend any dancing or other frivolous parties during term time without the per- 
 
' ' 
 
 LADIES' HALL. LOMBARD COLLEGE 
 Located on Lombard campus. Built in 1895. Cost. $35,000. 
 
586 HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY 
 
 ;V 
 
 Early in 1894 Doctor Xash resigned to accept an important national office in 
 the Universalist church, and Dean Fredrick W. Rich was put in charge of the . 
 college. Dean Rich had been a teacher there for a score of years and was so 
 well acquainted with the routine of administration that under his intelligent and 
 careful oversight none of its interests suffered. He was at the helm until the 
 fall of 1905, turning it over to the new president at that time. Dean Rich has ; 
 been one of the most efficient teachers connected with the college, and when he 
 resigned at the close of the college year in 1911 after a service covering more . 
 than a quarter of a century it was with the consciousness that he had helped 
 hundreds of young men and women to find themselves and a worthy place in ' 
 life and a friend whose regard for them was sincere and true. 
 : The present head of Lombard, Reverend Lewis Beals Fisher, D. D., assumed 
 the presidency in September, 1905. He had been a professor for fifteen years in 
 the Canton Theological school. Canton, X. Y., a department of St. Lawrence Uni- 
 versity. He was at once confronted by the task of completing the canvass for a 
 $100,000 fund begun by Doctor Xash, and he addressed himself to it with an 
 energy and persistency prophesying success. It was far from easy of accom- 
 plishment, but the appeals of this genial, warmhearted man brought from old 
 friends and new the subscriptions called for by the terms of an agreement on 
 the part of ]\Ir. Andrew Carnegie to contribute $25,000, provided the balance be 
 secured from others. When the late Thomas Lowry of Minneapolis, who had 
 early in the canvass pledged $10,000, made the condition of its payment the rais- 
 ing of the entire amount sought by December 31, 1906, a fresh impetus was 
 imparted to the enterprise, and when the day arrived the joyful announcement 
 was made that the conditions had been met and the fund was assured. " 
 
 Doctor Fisher's conduct of his office has been characterized by kindly regard 
 for the best welfare of the teachers associated with him and the students com- 
 mitted to his care. He has made for himself a wide circle of friends, whose 
 friendship extends also to the college. It is not too much to say that no man 
 has ever occupied the presidency who has won so readily the warm affection of 
 the student body nor one who has better deserved it. 
 
 The foregoing is mainly a statement of bare facts. Only those who can read 
 lil^erally between the lines will succeed in getting the whole story. Justice can- 
 not begin to be done in so brief a sketch, and many must go unnamed whose 
 love and sacrifice are builded into the walls of Old Lombard. She has had a 
 noble history and has played a most commendable part in furnishing her full 
 quota of strong and good men and women to the need of a growing world, men 
 and women some of whom have become honorably known both nationally and 
 internationally. ;:<.''.! " - : .'^;:,r 
 
 Though the college had its birth in a spirit of protest against what was 
 deemed pernicious sectarian influences in education, it was the purpose of its 
 organizers to educate the young under uplifting Qiristian influences. Chapel 
 services were held daily, attendance on which was and still is compulsory. Fail- 
 ure to regularly attend church on Sunday was dealt with severely, but the church 
 was left to the free choice of the student or his parents. The earlv catalogs 
 enumerated thirty-two rules to which the student pledged himself in writing be- 
 fore being admitted to the institution. An early rule reads : "Xo student shall 
 attend any dancing or other frivolous parties during term time without the per- 
 
LADIKS' HALL, LOMUARI) COLLEGE 
 Located on Lombard campus. Huilt in lf<f>j. Cost. S;i.'>.iMiii. 
 
, HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY .. : > 587 
 
 inissicm of the faculty." Students playing cards or any games of chance were 
 to be dealt with as the faculty saw fit, and the intimation clearly was that they 
 would see fit to do something likely to be long remembered. \\'ith the passage 
 of the years the list of formal rules gradually grew shorter and finally altogether 
 disappeared, but always the concern of the faculty has been to bring imder 
 wholesome and uplifting influences the young people placed in their charge, and 
 for the result throughout these two generations no apology- is necessarj.-. Like 
 other small colleges of this countrj-, Lombard has had her ideaU. and to their 
 guidance she has endeavored to hold true. Together with them she has per- 
 formed a service of measureless value, and as her influence has blessed the past 
 so will it also richlv Wess the future. 
 
 f': ST. MARY'S SCHOOL y;:..-- ;^^y; 
 *'"' BY DH. CHAS. W. LEFFIXGWELL _'y\'- . ''^ '''': 
 
 St. Mar}''s school, Knoxville, was opened in April, 1868, in the building of 
 the Ewing Female Universit)', erected about ten years before. For lack of en- 
 dowment, that institution had been compelled to discontinue its work, and the 
 property was transferred to the Episcopal diocese of Illinob. Of the fifteen trus- 
 tees, ten are appointed to represent the diocese of Illinois and five to represent 
 Knox county. The Rev. Charles W. Lefl5ngwell became the founder and rectcM" 
 of St. Mar}-'s, Mrs. Leflingwell being the matron and Miss Xancj- Menedy Hitch- 
 cock the vice-principal. Dr. LeflMgwell continues to this day ( 1912) rector 
 of the school; Mrs. Lefiingwell was matron for fort>- years: Miss Hitchcock 
 was vice-principal for over twent}--five years. 
 
 The school soon outgrew its limited accomnxnlations. and at a cost of about 
 $25,000 it was greatly improved and enlarged. The Hon. James Knox con- 
 tributed nearly one-half the required amount. "--.' 
 
 On January- 4th, 1883. the building and contents were destroyed by fire. 
 Within a month the school was reopened in the building of Ansgari College, in 
 Knoxville, the few college students finding homes in private houses and reciting 
 in the rooms of the old court house. 
 
 The cost of the new school building, the new stone chapel and the improve- 
 ment of the ground was about $100.000. of which nearly one-half was pro^nded 
 by the legacy of Mr. Knox. Additions and improvements have been made from 
 time to time. In 1901 a recreation annex was built and furnished at a cost of 
 nearly $10,000. > 'V 
 
 Succeeding Miss Hitchcock as principal. Miss Emma Pease Howard has 
 continued in office to the date of this writing and for >ome years has successfully 
 managed the business as well as the academical work of the institution. The 
 maximum of one hundred students in residence, with twenty- officers and teachers, 
 has been reported during most of the time for a quarter of a century-. 
 
 St. Mar}-'s is a school for young women who desire to continue their work 
 two or three years beyond the course of the high school. It is a school home 
 where girls become better daughters: where they are systematically trained for 
 
588 HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY 
 
 the duties of wifehood and motherhood ; where they are encouraged to recognize, 
 and where they are required to prepare for, their present and future obligations. 
 There is a thorough preparatory course for younger girls and an affiliated school, 
 St. Martha's, for little girls. 
 
 More than twenty states are represented by the teachers and students in 
 attendance. The alumnae are resident in nearly every country of the world in 
 Alaska, in Mexico, in Canada, on the Atlantic and Pacific coasts, in Europe, 
 Australia, Hawaii, the Philippines, Guam, Japan, China, Ceylon and the West 
 Indies. 
 
 , ST. MARTHA'S SCHOOL FOR YOUNGER GIRLS 
 
 Affiliated with St. Mary's School 
 
 St. Martha's school for younger girls was opened in Knoxville in September, 
 1911, by Miss Emma Pease Howard. The building was designed and con- 
 .^tructed expressly for this work and is located upon a beautiful campus adja- 
 cent to St. Mary's school, with which institution St. Martha's is affiliated. The 
 .=chool .is entirely distinct from St. Mary's, being complete in equipment and 
 especially adapted in methods and management to the care and training of young 
 children. The official visitors are the Rt. Rev. M. E. Fawcett, D. D., Ph. D., 
 Bishop of Quincy, and the Rev. C. W. Leffingwell, D. D., rector of St. Mary's 
 school. A fine corps of officers and teachers is provided, and everything pos- 
 sible is done to promote the physical, mental and moral welfare of the little 
 girls. Healthful recreation is a prominent feature of the curriculum. The 
 course of study includes all branches taught in the best public schools prepara- 
 tory to the eighth grade, with instruction also in French and German, drawing, 
 music, dancing, arts and industries. 
 
 Though St. Martha's school may not yet claim a place in history, it is a 
 unique and interesting development in educational enterprise, being the only 
 school of high grade, so far as we knew, which is completely organized and 
 equipped for the care of little girls exclusively. Only those under thirteen years 
 of age are received. . :-...... ; . ; - 
 
 . . . ST. ALBAN'S SCHOOL 
 
 St. Alban's school for boys, Knoxville, was founded in 1890 by the Rev. Dr. 
 C. W. Leffingwell, and for several years was conducted under his supervision. 
 The property of Ansgari college, having reverted to the city, by the discontinu- 
 ance of the Swedish school there, was transferred to Dr. Leffingwell, and by 
 him was greatly enlarged and improved. Towards the erection of the main 
 building the Hon. James Knox had given $10,000. The building and equipment 
 are valued at $60,000. The school is widely and favorably known, and many 
 of its graduates hold high positions in the church, in the army and in the busi- 
 ness world. Mr. Lucien F. Sennett is the present headmaster and lessee of the 
 school, and under his capable management the institution has steadily advanced 
 in numbers and in efficiency. The maximum number of students in residence is 
 now sixty and there are some day scholars. 
 
588 " HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY-, ./'v. : 
 
 \ ' ' ' '' ' 
 
 the duties of wifehood and motherhood; where they are encouraged to recognize, 
 and where they are required to prepare for, their present and future obligations. 
 Tliere is a thorough preparatory course for younger girls and an affiliated school, 
 St. Martha's, for little girls. 
 
 More than twenty states are represented by the teachers and students in 
 attendance. The aliunnae are resident in nearly every country of the world in 
 Alaska, in Mexico, in Canada, on the Atlantic and Pacific coasts, in Europe, 
 Australia. Hawaii, the Philippines. Guam, Japan, China, Ceylon and the West 
 Indies. 
 
 , '- ST. MARTHA'S SCHOOL FOR YOL'NGER GIRLS : . -: 
 
 : ' Affiliated with St. Mary's School : ; 
 
 St. Martha's school for younger girls was opened in Knoxville in September, 
 1911, by Miss Emma Pease Howard. The building was designed and con- 
 structed expressly for this work and is located upon a beautiful campus adja- 
 cent to St. Mary's school, with which institution St. Martha's is affiliated. The 
 school .is entirely distinct from St. Mary's, being complete in equipment and 
 especially adapted in methods and management to the care and training of young 
 children. The official visitors are the Rt. Rev. ]\I. E. Eawcett, D. D., Ph. D., 
 I'ishop of Quincy. and the Rev. C. W. Leffingwell. D. D.. rector of St. Mary's 
 school. A fine corps of officers and teachers is provided, and everything pos- 
 sible is done to promote the physical, mental and moral welfare of the little 
 girls Healthful recreation is a prominent feature of the curriculum. The 
 course of study incUules all branches taught in the best public schools prepara- 
 tory to the eighth grade, with instruction also in French and German, drawing, 
 music, dancing, arts and industries. 
 
 Though St. Martha's school may not yet claim a place in history, it is a 
 unique and interesting development in educational enterprise, being the only 
 school of high grade, so far as we knew, which is completely organized and 
 equipped for the care of little girls exclusively. Only those under thirteen years 
 of age are received, . . ; 
 
 ST. ALBAN'S SCHOOL - . 
 
 St. Alban's school for boys, Knoxville, was founded in 1890 by the Rev. Dr. '. 
 C. W. Leffingwell. and for several years was conducted under his supervision. 
 The projjerty of Ansgari college, having reverted to the city, by the discontinu- 
 ance of the Swedish school there, was transferred to Dr. Leffingwell, and by ,. 
 him was greatly enlarged and improved. Towards the erection of the main 
 building the Hon. James Knox had given $10,000. The building and equipment 
 are valued at $60,000. The school is widely and favorably known, and many 
 of its graduates hold high positions in the church, in the army and in the busi- 
 ness world. Mr. Lucien F. Sennett is the present headmaster and lessee of the 
 school, and under his ca])able management the institution has steadily advanced ;- 
 in numbers and in efficiency. The maximum number of students in residence is 
 now sixtv and there are some dav scholars. 
 
00 =r 
 cc n 
 c. 
 
 5. X 
 
 S ? V. 
 
 i3 '^ 
 
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HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY > 589 
 
 HISTORY OF THE BUSINESS COLLEGE FROM ITS FOUNDING IN 
 
 GALESBURG 
 
 BY J. H. Cox .i-- ; 
 
 In the year 1864 Prof. H. E. Hayes organized a school on Main street on 
 the third floor in the building now occupied by the Farmers' and Mechanics' 
 bank. Mr. Hayes was a beautiful penman, a fine scholar, a cultured gentleman 
 and had been a soldier in the Civil war. The school was organized at a time 
 when the soldiers who had seen four years of service were just returning home 
 and had been too busy in the south to further their education. They saw the 
 need of more training in order that they might enter and succeed in mercantile 
 enterprises. Mr. J. B. Harsh, now an attorney and banker of Creston, Iowa, and 
 for whom we are indebted to this early history, taught in the Hayes' Business 
 Institute while attending classes in Lombard College, 1865-66. 
 
 In the year 1866-67 Mr. Harsh and Mr. Hayes joined their fortunes, and 
 then the school was known as the Hayes and Harsh Business College. It was 
 located in the upper story of Colton block west of the public square, or west of 
 "Central park." The original location was also retained and was used for a 
 telegraph station, as telegraphy was one of the branches taught. 
 
 Prof. Harsh purchased the remaining interest of Prof. Hayes and changed 
 the name to Western Business College, which name it retained until it was pur- 
 chased by the present owner. Mr. Harsh moved his school to the third story 
 of the new Allen building on Prairie street, now known as the "Doyle build- 
 ing." The school grew rapidly, and over 700 students were enrolled in the year 
 1867-68. 
 
 In the spring of 1869 Prof. Harsh sold the institution to Prof. E. R. Poole, 
 who retained the management for a number of years and conducted it in the 
 same location. 
 
 In the year 1872-73 Mr. Poole sold his interest to J. M. Martin and Brother, 
 who conducted it for ten years, when, according to the Republican Register of 
 March 24, 1883, it was sold to Prof. M. H. Barringer of Jacksonville, Illinois. 
 Prof. J. M. Martin engaged in the banking business at Burlington Junction, 
 Missouri, and A. B. Martin engaged in business in this city. 
 
 Prof. G. H. Bridge, now of the Galesburg high school, was the teacher of 
 penmanship and telegraphy under Mr. Barringer's management. Mr. Barringer 
 moved his school to the Nelson building, at the corner of Seminary and Main 
 streets, where Mr. Brown purchased it in the spring of 1891, and it has since 
 been known as Brown's Business College. 
 
 Mr. C. C. Gilliand, one of the teachers, was made principal of the school 
 until July, 1892, when W. F. Cadwell took charge. June 29, 1895, the college 
 was moved from the Nelson building to the Arnold block, corner of Cherry and 
 Simmons, its present location. Mr. Cadwell was principal of the school for ten 
 years, or until 1902. He was succeeded by Prof. I. N. Wright, who was prin- 
 cipal for six years, when J. H. Cox, the present principal of the school, took 
 charge. 
 
 Among the leading teachers who have been connected with the school are: 
 C. E. Faust, a penmanship expert located in Chicago; J. R. Anderson, now 
 
590 , HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY 
 
 owner of a business college in St. Louis, Missouri ; E. F. Quintal, owner of a busi- 
 ness college in Green Bay, Wisconsin ; J. B. Owen, lumber merchant in Stoning- 
 ton, Illinois ; Prof. G. W. Roseberry, proprietor of three business colleges in 
 Massachusetts; Gertrude Harvey, teacher of shorthand in the Davenport high 
 school, and Prof. A. T. Scoville, now principal of Brown's Sterling school. 
 
 Mr. Brown graduated as a boy from the Eastman's Business College in 
 Poughkeepsie, New York, and began teaching in the commercial department of 
 Hedding College, Abingdon, Illinois. Later he was employed by Whipple Acad- 
 emy at Jacksonville as the writing master and began his work there February 
 17/1867. / V. 
 
 Soon after the business college and- the academy separated, Mr. Brown going 
 with the business college, and the school prospered for a number of years. 
 
 In 1888 the Peoria school was purchased and was soon followed by Decatur 
 and then Galesburg, until now Mr. Brown controls a chain of twenty-nine busi- 
 ness colleges located in the best cities in Illinois, Iowa, Missouri and Indiana. 
 The Galesburg school ranks well up among the best and is well attended. The 
 graduates may be found in nearly all of the business houses of Galesburg and 
 surrounding territory. The annual graduating exercises are a new feature, and 
 forty to fifty young people are given their diplomas each year. 
 ;.; A new course will be added this year in stenotype, a machine invented to 
 write shorthand. 
 
 The school is now owned and controlled by President G. W. Brown ; how- 
 ever, the actual management has been shifted from his shoulders to Superin- 
 tendent R. H. Peck, who was at one time teacher in the English department of 
 the school. Mr. Brown was the first western school manager to introduce type- 
 writing in the school, the first to admit ladies, and was the first to introduce a 
 course in salesmanship. 
 
 ' . The present teachers, aside from Principal J. H. Cox, are Miss Maud Lance, 
 shorthand; Mr. J. A. Ebersol, bookkeeping; Miss Myrtle Reck, typewriting and 
 English ; and Miss Dorothy Bean, the stenotype teacher, and Miss Olga Thuline, 
 assistant. 
 
 THE CHICAGO, BURLINGTON & QUINCY RAILROAD OF KNOX 
 :.-:-^:- ; COUNTY, ILLINOIS 
 
 : BY JOHN LASS 
 GENESIS OF THE RAILROAD ; 
 
 Before the advent of the railroad transportation was carried on by means 
 of canals, as in China to-day, and the construction of government roads, such 
 as the Appian way of Italy, and a great deal of commerce may be carried on 
 under that old system. Besides, those roads were used for military purposes, 
 and we may well be surprised with their effectiveness when compared with mod- 
 ern transportation. The discovery of the power of steam was made by Heron in 
 the third century, B. C. This power was first applied to naval transportation 
 in the year 1707 and was applied to locomotion upon land in the year 1804. As 
 

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590 . HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY 
 
 owner of a business college in Sjt. Louis, Missouri ; E. F. Quintal, owner of a busi- 
 ness college in Green Bay, \\'isconsin ; J. B. Owen, lumber merchant in Stoning- 
 ton. Illinois: Prof. G. W. Roseberry, proprietor of tbree business colleges in 
 ^lassacbusetts : Gertrude Harvey, teacber of sbortband in tbe Davenport bigh 
 school, and I'rof. A. T. Scoville, now principal of Brown's Sterling school. 
 
 Mr. Brown graduated as a boy from tbe Eastman's Business College in 
 rougbkeei)sio. Xew York, and began teacbing in tbe commercial department of 
 I ledding College, Al)ingdon, Illinois. Later be was employed by Wbipple Acad- 
 emy at Jacksonville as tbe writing master and began his work there February 
 17, 1867. . _- , . -: . .-^ ^ t--. '^^' '' ' r, : :: . 
 
 Soon after tbe business college and tbe academy separated, Mr. Brown going 
 with the business college, and tbe scbool prospered for a number of years. 
 
 In 1888 the Ti-oria scbool was purcbased and was soon followed by Decatur 
 and tben (jalesburg, until now Mr. Brown controls a cbain of tw-enty-nine busi- 
 ness colleges located in tin- best cities in Illinois, Iowa, Missouri and Indiana. 
 Tbe Galesburg scbool ranks well up among tbe best and is well attended. Tbe 
 graduates may be found in nearly all of tbe business bouses of Galesburg and 
 surrounding territorv. Tbe annual graduating exercises are a new feature, and 
 forty to fifty young peo])le are given tbeir diplomas eacb year. j 
 
 A new course will be added tbis year in stenotype, a macbine invented to 
 u'rite sbortband. 
 
 Tbe scbool is now owned and controlled by President G. W. Brown; bow- 
 ever, tbe actual management lias been sbifted from bis sboulders to Superin- 
 tendent R. II. IVck, wbo was at one time teacber in tbe Englisb department of 
 tbe scbool. Mr. IJrown was tbe first western scbool manager to introduce type- 
 writing in tbe scliool, tbe first to admit ladies, and was tbe first to introduce a 
 course in salesmansbip. 
 
 Tbe present teacbers, aside from Principal J. H. Cox, are Miss Maud Lance, 
 sbortband; Mr. J. .-X. Ebersol, bookkeeping; ]\Iiss Myrtle Reck, typewriting and 
 Englisb; and Miss Dorotby Bean, tbe stenotype teacber, and Miss Olga Tbuline, 
 assistant. 
 
 THE CHICAGO, BURLIX(;TOX & QUIXCY RAILROAD OF KXOX 
 : COUXTY, ILLIXOIS . A 
 
 ,, l*>v JOHN LASS 
 
 GKNESIS OJ-' THE RAILROAD ' 
 
 Before tbe advent of tbe railroad transportation was carried on by means 
 of canals, as in Cbina to-day, and tbe construction of government roads, sucli 
 as tbe Appian way of Italy, and a great deal of commerce may be carried on 
 under tbat old system. Besides, those roads were used for military purposes, 
 rnd we may well l)e surprised witb tbeir effectiveness wben compared witb mod- 
 ern transportation. Tbe discovery of tbe power of steam was made by Heron in 
 tbe tbird century, B. C. Tbis power was first applied to naval transportation 
 in tbe year 1707 and was applied to locomotion upon land in tbe year 1804. As 
 
HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY 591 
 
 in all other primitive efforts in the application of a new principle, the success 
 was at first quite indifferent, and there elapsed quite a period of time before 
 anything like real success was arrived at. But the general necessities of man- 
 kind for something that would transport passengers and freight quickly from 
 point to point proved a great stimulus to additional invention and constant im- 
 provements in the method of application. 
 
 The growth of the cities of the world made it imperative that some means 
 should be discovered for bringing the products of the country to the city and in 
 return the manufactured articles from the city back to the country. In the 
 early days of railroad life there were but small sections of roads here and there, 
 but the great body of the land was without any facilities of this kind. These 
 necessities were so poorly supplied that the geniuses of the country were con- 
 stantly working to produce something really efficient in the line of transporta- 
 tion. 
 
 The immediate forerunners of the Burlington system were projected roads 
 ^ ; from Peoria to Oquawka, from Quincy northward, known as the Northern 
 '.;. Cross railroad, and from Chicago to Aurora, all located within the state of Illi- 
 ] ', nois. With a road from Peoria to Oquawka and another from Quincy north- 
 ' - ward and another from Chicago southward there was a great desire to extend 
 ; the system so as to connect all these points with Chicago. But out of those 
 three projected roads has grown the great system and network of railways 
 - known as the Chicago, Burlington & Quincy railroad. 'v ;. 
 
 . ; /'i >: :'C 'v . THE EXTENT OF THE BURLINGTON SYSTEM . : - -i 
 
 This system has become known as the Burlington route. It is the parent 
 organization and corporation of an extensive system which operates railroads in 
 most of the western and northwestern states. It starts at Chicago and furnishes 
 connections at St. Louis, Kansas City, Omaha, St. Paul, Minneapolis, Cheyenne, 
 Denver, Billings, Deadwood and many other connecting and intermediate points 
 and has connections by affiliated roads such as the Great Northern, Northern 
 Pacific, Quincy, Omaha & Kansas City, Colorado Midland, Western Pacific, Den- 
 ver & Rio Grande, reaching the southwestern states at Los Angeles, the western 
 and northwestern states at San Francisco, Seattle and Portland; and on the 
 southeast to the Ohio river and the south and all the southeastern states. This 
 system is destined, through its great controlling road, the Great Northern, to 
 tap the large wheat and timber lands of Canada and the northwestern states. 
 An ever increasing volume of traffic will surely be brought to the great north- 
 western gateway by the Great Northern, the Northern Pacific and the Colorado 
 Southern to the Burlington route and transported to the eastern, southern, cen- 
 tral and gulf states and thence to Europe. 
 
 From the south and east the products of the country will be transported to 
 the important shipping points on the north Pacific coast, British Columbia and 
 Alaska and then to the Orient and far away Asia and Europe. 
 
 Surely a stupendous system of commercial activity of such a character as 
 that passing through the county of Knox is worthy of the most careful study. 
 
 Railroads become one of the most important features in the development of 
 the country. They have been the means of opening up the broad domain to 
 
592 HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY 
 
 settlement, and by them every department in life has been most rapidly ad- 
 vanced, and they constitute in a large degree the vital force of an active and 
 wealthy civilization. The country is covered with a network of roads extending 
 from ocean to ocean, penetrating every state and territory and employing millions 
 of men and women, expending millions of money for service, maintenance and 
 equipment, and any serious interference with the operation of these roads would 
 at once paralyze the business of the country and result in untold injury and suf- 
 fering to the people. The combined value of the railroads of the country is 
 represented in figures wholly incomprehensible to the human mind, unthinkable 
 even to their managers, and every dollar is at the service of the people. 
 
 From the beginning of the agitation of railway building in this county, which 
 was about as early as that of any other part of the state, the people have been 
 very earnest and active on the subject. The early settlers of the county, being 
 largely from the east, were naturally among the first to desire a connection 
 by rail with that part of the world from whence they came. They came to 
 this country by wagon overland, slowly pushing their way over hills and through 
 forests, fording streams swollen with spring rains, halting for nothing except 
 the Sabbath day. Today we find them in the midst of the noise and whir of 
 revolving shafts, of wheels of industry and commerce, enjoying the benefits of ';..;' 
 twentieth century transportation and the journey once made with such trial ;; ' . 
 and hardship is now taken with comfort and the enjoyment of books and '';.' 
 newspapers and is completed within a few hours. 
 
 .:..:.. THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE BURLINGTON SYSTEM ;; 
 
 The Chicago, Burlington & Quincy railroad may justly be said to be the 
 origin of the energ)' and power that has turned the west and uncultivated prairies 
 of the central west into a land of plenty, beauty, business and wealth and of 
 all the counties in all this great central west, Knox county and its adjoining 
 counties in Illinois have been made the most productive and the most blest of 
 all in the advantages of business, culture and refinement. 
 
 >;;;,', PEORIA & OQUAWKA R. R. : /;' '\CP 
 
 On February 12, 1849, ^^^ legislature granted a charter to the Peoria & 
 Oquawka Railroad Co. with a capital stock of $500,000. Under this 
 charter a certain amount of stock had to be subscribed by February i, 1850, 
 before grading could commence and besides this, other conditions were im- 
 posed which were burdensome, but which were modified by the next legislature. 
 The plan was to construct a railroad from Peoria on the Illinois river to Oquawka, 
 on the Mississippi. );;'':.: :'', :;'! 
 
 The first railroad meeting was held in Knox county, September 9, 1849, the 
 object of which was to provide for the general assembling of the citizens in 
 October. There was a large and enthusiastic meeting, speeches were made by 
 James Knox and Robert S. Blackwell. A motion was made and carried in 
 favor of voluntary taxation to provide funds to prosecute the work. The es- 
 timated cost was between $500,000 and $750,000. A resolution was adopted 
 requesting the commissioners of the county to correspond with those of other 
 
-.>.' rv :"; HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY x ^ 593 
 
 counties in order to bring about concerted action in the matter. IMeetings were 
 held throughout Knox county and a great deal of interest was manifested. 
 The Knoxville Journal, then owned by John S. Winter, was very zealous in the 
 advocacy of the cause, awakening an interest in railroad matters. A meeting 
 was held in Galesburg, November 29, 1849. 
 
 The people of Oquawka, refusing to aid the enterprise, the people of Bur- 
 lington came forward with the necessary subscription, the route was changed 
 to the latter place and Oquawka was left out. The company expended all their 
 money and exhausted their credit in building the road from Burlington to 
 Kirkwood. 
 
 A large meeting was again held in Knoxville, inaugurated by the people of 
 Peoria, at which Judge Purple presided. The idea of the people of Knoxville 
 at this time was that the road would build to Peoria and thereby bring manu- 
 factories nearer to them. But the defects in tlie charter caused the project to 
 drag and in the meantime the people of Peoria organized a new company under 
 an old charter which had been granted to Andrew Gray to build a road ten miles 
 from Peoria and finally to pass through Farmington, Illinois, and then direct 
 to Burlington, leaving Knoxville and Galesburg to the north. This road was 
 called the Peoria & Mississippi Railroad Co. 
 
 The people of Knoxville favored the road rather than have no road in the 
 county. However, on February lo, 1851, the defects in the Peoria & Oquawka 
 charter were removed, which allowed the company to commence work with less 
 stock paid in and to run the road through Knoxville and Monmouth with 
 Galesburg left to the north again. 
 
 vv.:';.: ;;.''.^;:; '-..f' _: -'.''.^'^^^'- CENTRAL MIUTARY TRACT R. R. ' : ' '.;^/'^:' ' 
 
 This did not satisfy the citizens of Galesburg and on February 15, 1851, the 
 Central Military Tract Railroad company was incorporated with Wm. Mc- 
 Murtry, C. S. Colton, James Bunce, W. S. Gale, C. G. Lanphere, H. H. May, 
 W. A. Wood. Alfred Brown, Alvah Wheeler, Peter Grouse, Amos Ward, 
 Patrick Dunn, Daniel Meek, Silas Willard, A. C. Wiley and their associates and 
 successors, a body politic and corporate under the name and style of the Central 
 Military Tract Railroad company, with power to build a road from Galesburg, 
 in a northwesterly course, to some point on the Rock Island and LaSalle railroad. 
 The object of this move was twofold, viz., to build in the direction of Chicago 
 and thereby compel the Peoria & Oquawka railroad to come to Galesburg. 
 
 On June 19, 1852, the charter was amended so as to give them the right to 
 build a road from Galesburg in a northeasterly direction on the most direct and 
 eligible route to the city of Chicago, to a point to be designated by said company 
 at or near the line of the Chicago and Rock Island railroad. The charter orig- 
 inated with a body of men who were wont to meet in the office of W. S. Gale, 
 on the south side of the public square in the city of Galesburg. Among those 
 were C. S. Colton, W. S. Gale, Silas Willard, Geo. C. Lanphere, and James 
 Bunce, and they were aided in their scheme by Marcus Osborne of Rock Island. 
 Their first charter was written in the office of W. S. Gale and Geo. C. Lanphere, 
 the democrat in the ring, was sent to the legislature, which was democratic at 
 that time, where the bill was passed. Under the charter, a survey was made for 
 a line to Sheffield by Messrs. Whipple, Wentworth & Churchill. 
 
 Vol. I 38 -'/'-^ 
 
594 HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY 
 
 Plans and estimates were made for this line and the work put under con- 
 tract in the winter of 1851-2. The contracts were revoked, however, and 
 nothing was done, the company having changed its plans and decided to meet 
 the Chicago & Aurora road at Mendota. 
 
 '.;-;.-v:-i'Vv'V-- '.. -, ' AURORA BRANCH R. R. :,^';-. '''CJ' 
 
 On Fehruary 12, 1849, the Aurora Branch Railroad company was incor- 
 porated to build a road from Aurora to the Galesburg and Chicago railroad. On 
 June 22, 1852, this act was amended to allow them to extend their road in a 
 southwest direction or to build northwest to where they could interest any rail- 
 road, built or to be built, and then form connection with such road. 
 
 ':., .li'^;^ NORTHERN CROSS R. R. .';. ;.'.:;>^-v - u 
 
 February i, 1851, power was granted to the Northern Cross Railroad com- 
 pany road, extending north from Quincy, Illinois, to build a branch from some 
 point on that road in Adams county and then running in a most expedient and 
 eligible route through the military tract, terminating at the most advantageous 
 point at or near the south terminal of the Illinois and Michigan canal with a 
 proviso that the company should not locate or construct this branch upon any 
 line east of the city of Knoxville. 
 
 June 21, 1852, the act was modified to authorize the Northern Cross com- 
 pany to terminate the lateral branch of said road at any point where the railroad 
 may connect with any other railroad extending north to the city of Chicago. 
 
 We now have under consideration the Peoria & Oquawka, the Central Military 
 Tract, the Aurora Branch and the Northern Cross Railroad companies. It will 
 be found necessary to consider all of these roads together because upon their 
 completion the original Chicago, Burlington & Quincy railroad came into 
 existence. 
 
 The changes in the plans of the Central Military Tract Co. were made 
 because of the following circumstances : While the Peoria & Oquawka railroad 
 interests were being slowly worked up by local subscriptions, C. S. Colton, of 
 Galesburg, being in the east, accidentally met in Boston, J. W. Grimes, of Bur- 
 lington, Iowa, who was a member of the state legislature, and also a Mr. Wads- 
 worth, of Chicago, who was president of the Chicago & Aurora railroad, and 
 after a conference they decided that an independent route direct to Chicago was 
 the most practicable line. Mr. Colton returned home and had a conference with 
 his railroad friends and the changes were determined upon. 
 ; It was found impossible to secure eastern capital to aid in the construction 
 of the road while the rates of transportation were subject to control by the 
 state legislature. A special charter was prepared which removed the difficulty - 
 and gave the company the entire control of the same with full power to estab- 
 lish and regulate their rates of transportation. 
 
 Mr. Colton was delegated to go to Springfield, Illinois, to secure the passage 
 of the special charter, which was done June 21, 1852. At the same date he also 
 secured the amendment to the Chicago & Aurora extension, authorizing the 
 building of that road to Mendota. It was here that he met for the first time 
 
:,/'.V -; 5>. HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY v^ 595 
 
 James F. Joy, afterwards president of the C. B. & Q. R. R. Co., who became 
 interested in Colton's plans and who suggested to him the change of the ter- 
 minus of the Northern Cross railroad and securing the interest of the Quincy 
 .V; people in this branch; and here undoubtedly was the inception of the great Chi- 
 cago, Burlington & Quincy railroad, the pride of the state. 
 
 Subsequently John W. Brooks, president of the Michigan Central Railroad 
 Co., and James F. Joy, both of Detroit, interested themselves in the Central 
 Military Tract road and proposed that if the people along the route between 
 Galesburg and Mendota would subscribe $300,000 they would furnish enough 
 more capital to complete the grading of the road and laying of the ties, and 
 when that was done they could borrow money on the bonds of the company to 
 complete the construction of the road and put it in operation. One of the first 
 meetings to raise stock was at the old Academy building at Galesburg. The 
 first three subscribers were James Bunce, James Bull and Henry Ferris. Mr. 
 Bull failed to pay. Mr. Bunce was a resident of Galesburg, also Henry Ferris, 
 
 v.-ho will be remembered by many as the father of Mrs. B. F. Arnold and Mrs. 
 Geo. W. Prince. After several months of canvassing for subscriptions to the 
 new company for the $300,000, the required guaranty, they were still short 
 
 .', $50,000. At this juncture Messrs. Joy and Brooks came to Galesburg and gave 
 .--notice that they could not promise a further extension of time on behalf of their 
 ; principals, who had agreed to build the railroad when the required gttaranty was 
 : ; subscribed. 
 
 This was a critical time, for $50,000 must be raised immediately or the whole 
 project would be abandoned and all the work done would be lost. Fverybody 
 . in the community had been canvassed, but to no purpose. At this vital moment 
 ;;:'-' C. S. Colton and Silas Willard, who had been the principal movers in the enter- 
 prise, finally determined to risk everything for the success of the undertaking, 
 and they personally subscribed the $50,000, thereby binding all the other sub- 
 scribers and also the eastern capitalists to their contract for building and operat- 
 ing the road. This subscription was a heavy load for these men and they were 
 . : obliged to borrow the entire amount at the rate of lo per cent, all their own 
 ; , means being fully absorbed in their business, and it was several years before 
 ; their stock paid any dividend. 
 
 ' In 1852 the line was surveyed from Galesburg to Mendota, at first through 
 ...Henderson, but later about four miles east. 
 
 Meanwhile Knoxville was fighting Galesburg and trying to get the Northern 
 
 , Cross Railroad company to come to that city. The* people between Peoria and 
 i Burlington were anxiously waiting for the Peoria & Oquawka road to go ahead. 
 ;> The terminal cities, Burlington and Peoria, by vote subscribed $75,000 each. 
 
 ; Burlington thus got ahead of Oquawka and then Henderson county voted to take 
 " -.;. no stock in the company. 
 
 ^ ,.: On June 20, 1851, the stockholders of the Peoria & Oquawka Railroad Co. 
 
 -^^jr met at Knoxville and elected the first board of directors, as follows: Chas. 
 
 Mason and J. W. Grimes of Bloomington, A. C. Harding and Samuel Webster 
 
 of Monmouth, James Knox and Julius Manning of Knoxville,, Asa D. Reed of 
 
 Farmington, Rudolphus Rouse and Washington Cockrel of Peoria to serve one 
 
 year. James Knox was chosen president, Robert L. Hannaman secretary and 
 
 i William Phelps treasurer. The first contract for grading the road was let in 
 
596 HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY 
 
 October, 1851, at the Peoria end. By September, 1853, a^l parts of the Peoria 
 & Oquawka road were under contract. When the eastern end of the P. & O. 
 road was built to Elmwood and the western end to Monmouth the work ceased. 
 The parties controlling the line failing to complete the road, the subscribers be- 
 came dissatisfied, and W. S. Mans of Peoria, James Knox of Knoxville and 
 A. C. Harding of Monmouth entered into a contract to finish the road between 
 Monmouth and Elmwood, but being unable to carry out their contract they sold 
 out to the Central Military Tract Co., the latter agreeing to complete, equip and 
 open the road, which gave the road to Galesburg. After numerous efforts by 
 C. S. Colton of the Central Military Tract Co. and N. Bushnell of the Northern 
 Cross Co. a junction of the two roads at Galesburg was agreed upon which 
 was subsequently ratified by the legislature. By this act, together with the pur- 
 chase of the contract for the construction of the P. & O. line by the Central 
 Military Tract Co., the destiny of Galesburg as a railroad center was absolutely 
 
 fixed. -/. .:..-. :^.-'^-^:^V..v^:v'. ':^^'-' :. ; .V:;:,- y'v\\:-^ 
 
 In October, 1852, the Central Military Tract Co. increased its capital stock 
 from $100,000 to $600,000 and elected the following directors: John W. Brooks, 
 Henry Ledyard, James F. Joy, W. N. Lathrop of Detroit, J. H. Birch, C. G. 
 Hammond and John H. Kinsey of Chicago, C. G. Colton, W. S. Gale, James 
 Bunce and Silas Willard of Galesburg, Wm. McMurtry of Henderson and John 
 H. Bryant of Princeton, Illinois. 
 
 The road from Burlington to Peoria was not completed until the end of 
 1854. The first passenger trains began running in the spring of 1855. At this 
 time the Chicago and Aurora company and the Central Military Tract company 
 and the Peoria and Oquawka company were all consolidated under the name of 
 the Chicago, Burlington and Quincy Railroad company, the name being adopted 
 from the terminal points of the lines that formed the consolidation. Upon the 
 consolidation Galesburg was made a central division from Mendota west. Col. 
 C. G. Hammond, formerly of the Michigan Central, being the general superin- 
 tendent of the road, placed the Galesburg division under the supervision of Henry 
 Hitchcock as assistant superintendent on Jan. i, 1856. 
 
 Galesburg has always been the headquarters of the Galesburg division. Here 
 are located the company's shops, roundhouses, locomotive and car departments, 
 large stock yards, icing plant, timber preserving plant, cement works and other 
 equipment, and here a large number of men live who are employed in the train, 
 track and engine service, also bridge men, carpenters, shop men and men em- 
 ployed in other branches of the service, and these men have much to do in 
 building up Galesburg and making it one of the most prosperous cities of the 
 central west. 
 
 From Galesburg, the county seat of Knox county, the center lines of rail- 
 road diverge to many points terminating in Chicago, St. Paul, Minneapolis, Rock 
 Island and Moline, Burlington, Quincy, Peoria, Streator, Rushville and West 
 Havana, and from these points important connections are made with all the 
 country, bringing Galesburg and Knox county in direct intercourse with a large 
 territory and making it the distributing point for the merchandise and products 
 of the central part of the state. The original offices and passenger station, which 
 had a fine hotel connected with it, managed by the then noted hotel man H. W. 
 Belden, was located at the intersection of Prairie and Brooks streets. This sta- 
 
:,<;::.:;;/ ^:;% HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY / 597 
 
 tion and offices were destroyed by fire on the stormy March ist, 1881. Tem- 
 porary quarters were built for use until the new station was built in 1883 and 
 completed and occupied May 4, 1884. This new station and office building was 
 also destroyed by fire April 27, 1911, and temporary quarters rebuilt for use 
 until the fine new station now being erected is completed, which will be this 
 year, when Seminary and South streets' grade crossings will give place to large 
 subways. Probably Main and Mulberry also will later be given subway cross- 
 ings. 
 
 This, in a general way, gives the origin of the Chicago, Burlington and 
 Quincy Railroad company proper, which in 1855 consisted of but a few miles 
 of road as compared with its present extent. This road extended from Chicago 
 to Galesburg, Galesburg to East Burlington, south from Galesburg to Quincy 
 and east from Galesburg to Peoria, three hundred and seventy-eight miles. This 
 was increased in 1862 to four hundred and eight miles "by a branch from Yates 
 City to Lewistown. Now its main line, extending from Chicago to Denver, Kan- 
 sas City, Cheyenne, Billings, Deadwood, and the whole number of miles of 
 standard gauge road operated by the Burlington in 1911 was about nine thou- 
 sand and seventy-five miles. Of this total seventeen hundred and thirty-two 
 miles were in the state of Illinois. ':.. 
 
 The total earnings and disbursements of the road in the state for the year 
 reached an enormous amount and the tonnage hauled was immense in volume and 
 the prosperity of all the cities on its line may justly be said to depend upon the 
 earnings of the employes of the road and to the business created and made pos- 
 sible by the advantages given by the road. The company paid to the treasurer 
 of Knox county, in the year 1910, $49,646.09 in taxes. 
 
 In this sketch of the C., B. & Q. railroad we have aimed at giving the history 
 of its inception, the events which culminated in the consolidation of the different 
 railroad projects which resulted in the organization of the C., B. & Q. Railroad 
 Co. and its operation in Knox county and adjacent territory, whose rails 
 now carry the product of millions of acres of land and move the population of 
 a continent. This company has the reputation of having the best track in the 
 United States. Its trains are made of the most elegant and serviceable equip- 
 ment and with all the latest facilities for service and comfort. The double steel 
 rail is laid now on nearly all its lines and the trains are noted for their regularity 
 in running on schedule time. The management of the road is, and always has 
 been, of the best and in keeping with its equipment. '''.'/ 
 
 During the twelve months ending June 21, 1912, the Burlington railroad 
 carried 22,000,000 passengers without causing a death. The management also 
 announced that there has not been a fatality in the passenger list of the suburban 
 system in five years. /; u 
 
 The record covers the entire system of 9,332 miles. The suburban system, 
 which has been clear of deaths for five years, handles an average of il,ooo pas- 
 sengers daily and operates i CO trains every twenty-four hours. 
 
 Of the total mileage there is 2,812 in Illinois, 1,925 in Iowa, 1,635 '" Mis- 
 souri. 3,523 in Nebraska, and from 54 to 600 in Wisconsin, Minnesota, Kansas, 
 Colorado, South Dakota, Wyoming and Montana. The number of passengers 
 carried one mile was 1.173,435,093, and the average distance traveled by each 
 passenger was 53 miles. 
 
593 HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY 
 
 On two or three divisions there has not been a passenger killed for three to 
 seven years. 
 
 .'- -* '* '' ' ^V ' *"^',-'' ' ; ' ' '.', ' ' 
 
 FROM THE PRESIDENT DOWN ALL ARE COURTEOUS AND OBLIGING AND FAITHFUL 
 IN THE DISCHARGE OF THEIR RESPECTIVE DUTIES. 
 
 Up to the present time the consideration of the Burlington route has been 
 directed to a brief review of the construction of the road beginning at Chicago 
 and running to Galesburg, the road beginning at Quincy and running to Gales- 
 burg, and the road from Peoria to Burlington. There are other -branches of this 
 road which belong in Knox county and as shown in the beginning of this article, 
 it is worth our while to study with some care the growth of this enormous cor- 
 poration even though we go beyond the limits of Knox county. Inasmuch as 
 this railroad system is of such incalculable interest to Knox county, it is well 
 to place before every thinking person of the county some knowledge of the 
 growth of nearly the entire system. We will now proceed to recapitulate very 
 briefly what has gone before and to take up the various branches of the Bur- 
 lington system that are contributing so much business and activity to the people 
 of Knox county. 
 
 To refer again to the construction and organization of the road. The road 
 known as the C., B. & Q. railroad proper consists of the main line, Chicago 
 via Aurora, Mendota and Galesburg to Burlington, Galesburg to Quincy, the 
 branch from Aurora to Turner Junction (on the C. & N. W. Ry.), from Gales- 
 burg to Peoria, and from Yates City to Lewistown. The name of the road 
 built by a company incorporated February 12, 1849, under the name of the Aurora 
 Branch Railroad Co. was changed June 22, 1852, to the Chicago and Aurora 
 Railroad Co. February 14, 1855, the name was again change to the C., B. & Q. 
 Railroad Co. 
 
 The road from Mendota to Galesburg was built by a company incorporated 
 February 15, 1851, under the name of the Central Military Tract Railroad 
 Co. On July. 9, 1856, the C., B. & Q. and the Central Military Track Rail- 
 road Co. were consolidated under the name of the former company. The 
 road from Galesburg to the Mississippi river opposite Burlington and from 
 Galesburg to Peoria was built by a corporation incorporated February 12, 1849, 
 under the name of Peoria & Oquawka Railroad company. On February 21, i86i, 
 the name was changed to the Logansport, Peoria & Burlington Railroad Co. 
 On October 20, 1862, the Logansport, Peoria & Burlington railroad 
 was purchased by G. S. Bartlett, N. Thayer, J. W. Brooks. By authority of an 
 act of the legislature, approved June 19, 1863, the purchasers, on March 8, 1864, 
 organized a new company under the name of the Peoria & Burlington Railroad 
 Co. On July 24, 1864, the Peoria & Burlington railroad was consolidated 
 with the C., B. & Q. R. R. Co., under the name of the C, B. & Q. R. R. Co. 
 
 The road from Galesburg to Quincy was built by a company incorporated 
 February lo, 1849, under the name of the Northern Cross Railroad Co. On 
 February lo, 1857, '^^ name was changed to the Quincy & Chicago Railroad 
 Co. The Quincy & Chicago Railroad Co. was sold under foreclosure on April 
 28, 1864, and purchased by the C., B. & Q. R. R. Co., and deeded to that company, 
 Jiine 30, 1865. ;. ; '/:.>- ^;.-V 
 
C., B. & Q. PASSENGER DEPOT 
 Located on the corner of South Seminary and South Streets. Built in 1883-4. Value, $60,000. 
 
 BURNING OF THE C., B. & O. DEPOT 
 Galesburg, April 27. 1911. 
 
533 HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY 
 
 On two or three divisions there has not been a passenger killed for three to 
 
 seven vears. 
 
 :-:, .1 
 
 FROM THE PRESIDENT IX)\VX ALL ARE COL'RTEOUS AND OBLIGING AND FAITHFUL 
 IN THE DISCHARGE OF THEIR RESPECTIVE DUTIES. 'I 
 
 Uj) to the present time the consic'icration of the Burlinj^ton route has been 
 directed to a brief review of the construction of the road beginning at Cbicago 
 and running to Galesburg, the road beginning at Quincy and running to Ciales- 
 burg, and the road from IVoria to Ijurliugton. There are other 'branches of this 
 road which Ijelong in Knox county and as shown in the beginning of this article, 
 it is worth our while to study with some care the growth of this enormous cor- 
 jxjration even though we go beyond the limits of Knox county. Inasmuch as 
 this railroad system is of such incalculable interest to Knox county, it is well 
 to i)lace before every thinking person of the county some knowledge of the 
 growth of nearly the entire system. \\'e will now proceed to recapitulate very 
 briefly what has goue before and to take up the various brandies of the lUu'- 
 lington system that are contributing so much business and activity to the people 
 of Knox county. 
 
 To refer again to the construction and organization of the road. The road 
 known as the C.. I!. & O. railroa<l i)roper consists of the main line. Chicago 
 via Aurora. .Mendota and (ialesburg to lUtrlington, (ialesbttrg to Ouincy. the 
 branch from Aurora to Turner junction (on the C. & X. \\'. Ry. ). from ( Jales- 
 bttrg to I'eoria, and from Vatcs City to Lcwistown. The name of the road 
 built by a companx inc(rpi)rated l-'ebriiary 12. i^4(). under the name of the Aurora 
 Branch Railroad Co. was changed Jime 22, 1852. to the Chicago and Aurora 
 Railroad CO. Februarv 14. i^33. the name was again change to the C., 15. & Q. 
 Railroad Co. 
 
 The road from Mendota to Galesburg was built by a company incorporated 
 February 15, 1851. under the name of the Central Military Tract Railroad 
 Co. On July 9. 1856, the C., 1'.. & Q. and the Central .Military Track Rail- 
 road Co. were consolidated under the name of the former company. The 
 road from dalesburg to the Mississippi river opposite Burlington and from 
 (ialesburg to Peoria was built liy a corporation incorporated February 12, 1849, 
 under the name of Peoria & Ocpiawka Railroad company. On February 21, 1861. 
 the name was changed to the Logansport, Peoria & P.urlington Railroad Co. 
 On October 20, 1862, the Logansport. Peoria & Uurlington railroad 
 was purchased by G. S. Bartlett, X. Thayer, J. \V. Brooks. By authority of an 
 act of the legislature, approved June 19, 1863, the purchasers, on March 8, 1864, 
 organized a new company under the name of the Peoria & Burlington Railroad 
 Co. On July 24, 1864, the Peoria & Burlington railroad was consolidated 
 with the C., B. & Q. R. R. Co.. under the name of the C, B. & Q. R. R. Co. 
 
 . The road from Galesburg to Ouincy was built by a company incorporated 
 February lo. 1849. under tbe name of tbe Xorthern Cross Railroad Co. On 
 February lo. 1857. its name was changed to the Ouincy & Chicago Railroad 
 Co. The Quincy & Chicago Railroad Co. was sold under foreclosure on April 
 28, 1864, and jnirchased by the C., B. & Q. R. R. Co., and deeded to that company, 
 June 30, 1865. ; . 
 
(... I!. \ <J. I'.VSSKNtiKK KKl'OT 
 l-ticated <in llic curlier (if Soiitli Seminary and Soutli Slreetf. lUiilt in 1,s!:{-4. \'alre. $(iii,<MHi. 
 
 r.L'UMXC. OK Till-; I., 11. \ n. DKI'OT 
 (ijilefliurg, April -'7, 1!>11. 
 
.:- -W' 
 
HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY 599 
 
 , -1, .-'**'-; 
 
 The road from Yates City to Lewistown was built under the name of two 
 companies. The Jacksonville & Savanna R. R. Co., incorporated February 14, 
 1855, under which name the road was built from Yates City southwesterly to a 
 point about four miles south of Canton. The remainder of the road was built 
 in the name of the Peoria & Hannibal R. R. Co., which was incorporated Feb- 
 ruary II, 1853, under the name of the Macomb, Vermont & Bath R. R. Co. This 
 was changed to the Peoria & Hannibal R. R. Co., on February 24, 1854. No- 
 vember 4, 1860, these two pieces of road were purchased by J. W. Brooks and 
 J. F. Joy. On November 6, i86i, they were transferred to the C., B. & Q. 
 R. R. Co. ,;y;^ . ,'-:.: . 
 
 The branch from Buda to Elmwood was built by a company incorporated 
 under the name of the Dixon, Peoria & Hannibal R. R. Co., on March 5, 1867. 
 It was to be built from Dixon, Lee county, to the Mississippi river with branches. 
 The construction was begun on a section between Buda and Elmwood, in 
 August, 1869, and was opened for traffic February i, 1870, leased to the C., B. 
 & Q., July I, 1869, and on July i, 1899, sold to the Burlington company. 
 
 The road from Galva to New Boston was built by a company named the 
 Western Air Line, which was incorporated February 9, 1853, to build from 
 the east bank of the Mississippi river at New Boston via Lacon, to the eastern 
 line of Illinois, in the direction of Fort Wayne, Indiana. On February 21, 1859, 
 the name was changed to the American Central Railway Co. The road was 
 built from Galva on the C., B. & Q. road to New Boston. Construction was 
 begun soon after the organization of the company, but not very much was ac- 
 complished until the C., B. & Q. R. R., through James J. Joy, took hold of it, in 
 1865. The road was opened for traffic from Galva to New Boston, April 23, 
 1869. It was leased to the "Q" on October 12, 1868, conveyed to the "Q" 
 July I, 1899. The road from Keithsburg Junction to Keithsburg on the American 
 Central was begun in 1870, and opened for traffic July i, 1899, under the name 
 of Dixon & Quincy R. R. Co., incorporated March 4, 1869, and conveyed to the 
 "Q". The cars began to run regularly between Aurora and Chicago, via Turner 
 Junction, October 21, 1850, and between Mendota and Chicago, November 12, 
 1853. The track of the Galena and Chicago Union R. R. was used between 
 Turner Junction and Chicago. 
 
 The construction of the Northern Cross railroad was begun at Quincy in 
 1851. The first locomotive reached Quincy, March 12, 1854, and was placed 
 on the track at Quincy, September 12, 1854. N. Bushnell, of Quincy, was then 
 president. The road was completed from Quincy to Avon, eighty miles, in the 
 fall of 1855. On the remainder of the road to Galesburg the track was laid from 
 Galesburg south and connection made near Avon, January 31, 1856. April lo, 
 1857, the Northern Cross railroad was transferred to the C., B. & Q. R. R. Co., 
 under jurisdiction of Col. C. B. Hammond, general superintendent. 
 
 A company, incorporated March 8, 1867, as the Quincy, Alton & St. Louis 
 road, built a branch from Quincy to Louisiana, commencing in 1871. It was 
 completed and opened for transportation between Quincy and St. Louis, Decem- 
 ber 28, 1871. ^v 
 
 Another branch from Fall Creek to East Hannibal was leased to the C., B. & 
 Q. in perpetuity February i, 1876, and conveyed June i, 1890, to the C., B. & 
 Q. R. R. Co. 
 
600 HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY '::;/:,?: 
 
 It may be interesting to state that several years ago there died at La Grange, 
 Illinois, a civil engineer eighty-four years old named Geo. W. Waite. He took 
 a prominent part in western railroad construction. He came to Illinois in 
 1830. In 1848 as assistant engineer of the Galena Central Railroad Co. he laid 
 the first railroad tie in Chicago and later built that portion of the C., B. & Q. 
 railroad between Mendota and Aurora. This road formed a part of the main 
 line of the Burlington and the cars reached Princeton, Illinois, September ii, 
 1854, and on December 7, 1854, the first locomotive, The Reindeer, steamed 
 into Galesburg in charge of James P. Patch. 
 
 The road from Galesburg to Burlington was originally built to the eastern 
 bank of the Mississippi at a point a short distance above where the bridge is now 
 located. When the bridge was built the line was changed and the "Q" built the 
 main track on the west side of the river as far as Locust street. The station on 
 the east side of the river was known as East Burlington. The bridge across 
 the Mississippi river was built by the Burlington company. Work was com- 
 menced on approaches in 1867 and the first pile driven Jan. 30, 1867. The.: 
 masonry was completed March 30, 1868, and the first train crossed August 13,;' 
 
 1868. Beginning July i, 1890, this bridge was entirely rebuilt as a double track'; 
 bridge, completed and put into service October, 1892. 
 
 The Quincy and Warsaw Railroad Co. was incorporated Feb. i6, 1865, to 
 build a road from Quincy to Warsaw. This company built the Quincy to 
 Carthage portion of the branch from Quincy to Burlington. In March, 1869, the . 
 act was amended to authorize the construction of a branch from Quincy to 
 Carthage via Mendon. The main line was not built. The construction of the 
 branch, however, was commenced Aagust, 1869, and completed and opened for 
 business Dec. 25, 1870. Dec. i, 1890, the branch was leased in perpetuity and 
 later transferred to the Burlington road. 
 
 The road from Carthage to Burlington was built by a company incorporated 
 by an act of the legislature as the Carthage and Burlington Railroad Co. March 
 8, 1867, to build from Carthage via Dallas City to East Burlingfton. Construe-; 
 tion began Sept., 1870, and was leased to the C. B. & Q. R. R. Co. May lO, . 
 
 1869, and was transferred July i, 1899. 
 
 The Railroad Bridge company at Quincy was incorporated under an act of ' 
 the legislature approved Feb. lo, 1853. Another incorporation under the name \ 
 of the Quincy Railroad Bridge Co. was incorporated in Missouri March 28, 1866, 
 and these two companies consolidated under the name of the Quincy Railroad 
 Bridge Co. Nov. 20, 1866. The bridge over the Mississippi river at Quincy 
 was built by this Quincy Railroad Bridge Co. under authority of an act of con- 
 gress approved July 25, 1866. .;-,;;.'; . . 
 
 On Nov. 21, 1866, surveys were begim, and between that date and Jan. ist, , 
 1867, contracts were let for building the bridge, and it was completed and 
 opened for traffic Nov. 9, 1868. On Jan. i, 1869, the bridge was leased to the 
 C. B. & Q. R. R. Co., Toledo, Wabash & Western Railroad Co., and the Han- 
 nibal & St. Joe Railroad Co., for the term of the corporate existence of the 
 Bridge Co. The Toledo. Wabash & Western Railroad Co. failed to fulfill its 
 obligations under the lease and forfeited the right when the road was sold 
 under foreclosure, since which time the C., B. & Q. and the Hannibal & St. 
 Joe railroads have been the sole lessees. The C., B. & Q. bought the Hannibal 
 
' -^ -VV S.-^'-; C HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY ' r 601 
 
 ; .. ' '. .' - ^ . r" -'' ; .- : :* ,. ' '- 
 
 & St. Joe Railroad company's interest and consolidated that road with the C, 
 B. & Q. and thereby became in full control of the bridge. 
 
 In July, 1897, the work of rebuilding the Quincy bridge was commenced. 
 Seven spans were filled and not rebuilt. The work was completed June i8, 
 1898, and draw spans later. The bridge has a highway attachment and was 
 opened for traffic Sept. lo, 1899. 
 
 The Galesburg and Rio branch was built by a company incorporated April 
 19, 1886, to build from Galesburg to Rio to connect the Rio with the St. Lxjuis, 
 Rock Island & Chicago railroad, now a part of the Savanna and Rock Island 
 branch north of Rio. Contracts for the line were let April 15, 1886, and opened 
 for traffic on Oct. 3, 1886. On Oct. i, 1886, it was leased to the C., B. & Q. 
 and on June i, 1889, conveyed to that company. 
 
 " : The St. Louis & Rock Island and the Barstow & Savanna roads are a part 
 of the road which was formerly the Rock Island & Alton R. R. Co., St. Louis, 
 Alton & Rock Island Co., St. Louis, Rock Island & Chicago R. R. Co. and the 
 Rockford, Rock Island & St. Louis Co. 
 
 The Rock Island & St. Louis R. R. Co. was incorporated in 1865, completed 
 to Monmouth in 1870 and the first passenger train ran into Monmouth Aug. 22, 
 1870, making connections with St. Louis, and connection was made with Rock 
 Island Nov. ii, 1870. The remainder of the line was not completed until it 
 was sold to the St. Louis, Rock Island & Chicago Railroad Co. and subsequently 
 came under the control of the C. B. & Q. Railroad Co. and known as the St. 
 Louis division, and later in 1904 that part of the road from Rio north to Savanna 
 was transferred to the Galesburg division. 
 
 The Keithsburg and Gladstone branch became a part of the C., B. & Q. when 
 the Rock Island & St. Louis road was acquired. 
 
 From Fulton north the road was built by a corporation known as the C., 
 B. & N. R. R., organized by C. E. Perkins, A. E. Tonzelin and Geo. B. Har- 
 ris, which was sold to the C., B. & Q. Oct. 21, 1885, and conveyed to the "Q" 
 in 1899. 
 
 The Fulton Co. R. R., now the West Havanna branch, had its origin in the 
 struggle between Canton, Centerville (now Cuba) and Lewistown for the county 
 seat of Fulton county. It was originally planned that Lewistown should be the 
 county seat, but the other cities tried to wrest it from her, and it was not until 
 1878 that the final struggle between Canton and Lewistown was fought. Lewis- 
 town coming off victorious. This contest gave birth to the idea of the Fulton 
 County Narrow Gauge railroad. The men interested in Lewistown claimed that 
 she must have a railroad to protect her county seat and in order to secure the 
 votes of the northern part of the county promised to build it. The enthusiasm 
 spread, and in October, 1878, the Fulton County Narrow Gauge Railroad Co. 
 was organized and J. C. Wilcoxen of Lewistown accepted the contract to build 
 the line from Havanna to Fairview. After two years of hard work the first 
 train entered Lewistown from Fairview on August 19, 1880. The completion 
 of the Fulton County Narrow Gauge R. R. from Fairview to Galesburg in 1882 
 was due to the interest and financial backing of S. H. Mallory of Iowa, who se- 
 cured a large interest in the road. For twenty-three years the little narrow gauge 
 system performed its duty, and during those years the stock gradually drifted 
 into the hands of the Burlington men, and since October, 1905, when the line 
 
602 ;. HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY ^ - L .v^ :-v^: 
 
 was changed from narrow gauge to standard gauge, it has been operated by the 
 Burlington, and in January, 1906, the Burlington took possession of the road. 
 The change to standard gauge was made under the supervision of J. D, Besler 
 of the Burlington road, who for months carefully arranged for standard gauging 
 the line, and which was successfully accomplished. 
 
 There is an interesting incident in connection with the first train on the nar- 
 row gauge. The engine, known as No. i, was built at the Baldwin works. By ; 
 the time the road was completed between Lewistown and Fairview the treasury 
 was depleted. An order had been placed for the engine, and upon notice being 
 received that the engine had arrived at Cuba a delegation from the south end of 
 the line hauled a homemade car to that place and it was triumphantly brought 
 back over the line by its new engine. This engine commenced service in 1890 
 and continued in active service until the road was made standard gauge in Octo- 
 ber, 1905. The engineer and fireman on the last trip were M. K. Young and 
 Reuben Simms, both men having been in the company's service for many years. ' 
 Mr. Young helped to build the road into Galesburg. Mr. J. W. O'Donnell, the 
 conductor of the passenger, had been for many years and is now still running .-j 
 the passenger train from Galesburg to West Havanna. ''. 
 
 In 1873 the B. & M. railroad in Iowa and the C., B. & Q. were consolidated .:: 
 under the name of the latter, with Robert Harris, president ; Mr. W. B. Strong, v_ 
 general superintendent, and T. J. Porter as superintendent at Burlington, W. 
 Beckwith, superintendent track, bridges and buildings. ;;.- 
 
 The Chicago, Burlington & Quincy railroad's main line has been from time ;' 
 to time changed to double track, the first piece of double track being constructed 
 in 1864 from Chicago to Lyons, now known as Riverside, and from that double ; 
 track has been built in sections as the necessities of the traffic of the road de- 
 manded. The double track first built in Knox county was from Center Point to ' ; 
 Galesburg in 1877, Wataga to Center Point, October, 1880, Oneida to Wataga in ; 
 1886, Altona to Oneida, 1886, Galva to Altona, 1885, and Galesburg west to '^ 
 Cameron in 1879-80, to Monmouth, 1886, Monmouth to Kirkwood, 1885, Kirk- 
 wood to Biggsville, 1884, Biggsville to Gladstone, 1883, Gladstone to Burling- ^f: 
 ton, i88i, Burlington Bridge switch to Locust street, Burlington, 1892. There 
 are several pieces of third track, the first being built in July, 1885, and others 
 in 1886-7 and 1890-91. There is also a small mileage of fourth track in Chi- ;' 
 cago. The double track from Galesburg to Saluda was built in 1907 and Saluda ; 
 to Bushnell in 1910. A double track is now under construction between Gales- : 
 burg and Henderson, Galesburg and Knoxville and several other parts of the !; 
 road in Illinois and Missouri. J -v. V. I- ; ;'. w ' s^'-v;;;=V 
 
 The new yards at Galesburg opened August 21, 1906. The branch from I. 
 Savanna to Rio was transferred to Galesburg division May i, 1904. For several ; ' 
 years the Burlington, Carthage and Quincy branch belonged to the Galesburg 
 division, but was later transferred to the Burlington division. ',; 
 
 In the foregoing presentation we have dealt almost entirely with the physical '}^, 
 and organic part of the Chicago, Burlington & Quincy Railroad Co., but it is X; 
 desirable to speak something of the personnel of the road. 
 
 The development of the road in Knox and adjoining counties is largely due : . 
 to the sagacious and prudent management of Col. C. G. Hammond and Henry -. 
 Hitchcock. Mr. Hitchcock was from old Deerfield, Massachusetts, an agent at \-: 
 
HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY 003 
 
 Rutland, Vermont, of the Rutland and Burlington railroad. Later he was in 
 charge of the Michigan Central road's yard in Chicago. He was a man of rare 
 ability, sagacity and good judgment, who thoroughly organized the work and 
 for more than twenty-five years most faithfully and successfully managed its 
 affairs. He retired June, 1881, with a special token of appreciation of his serv- 
 ice given him by a vote of the directors of the company. When he assumed the 
 management of the Galesburg division he had with him several men who helped 
 to build the road into Galesburg, of whom we shall speak later. 
 
 Col, C. G. Hammond, whose name we have connected with that of Mr. 
 Hitchcock, was general superintendent of the road, and it is doubtful if any 
 man ever acquired the full confidence of his associates and those under him to 
 a greater degree than he. There were associated with Colonel Hammond and 
 Mr. Hitchcock, Mr. C. W. Mead as division superintendent at Quincy, Henry 
 Martin, general freight agent; Samuel Powell, general passenger and ticket 
 agent; W. W. Hawkins, general agent at Aurora; Amos T. Hall of Detroit, 
 treasurer; J. W. Cothren, also of Detroit, and who became local freight agent 
 at Galesburg and who opened all the stations from Galesburg to East Burling- 
 ton; T. W. Seymore, assistant general agent, and Max Hjortsburg, chief engi- 
 neer, who later built the Burlington bridge. Among those who helped to build 
 the road from Aurora to Galesburg were James T. Qark, John D. Besler, John 
 Sullivan, E. C. Olin, J. H. Linsley and Samuel Burch. James F. Joy was presi- 
 dent of the road. He commenced his railroad career in the Galesburg yards 
 and in 1883 went into the office of the superintendent of the Illinois lines, where 
 ?ie continued until Mr. Besler was promoted to general superintendent, with 
 whom Mr. Byram went to Chicago. Later he returned to Galesburg, then to 
 the Great Northern in the general manager's and vice-president's office, then 
 division superintendent, then to the C., R. I. & P. R. R., later returning to the 
 Burlington as division superintendent of the lines west of the Missouri, and 
 then to Chicago in charge of the employment bureau, and from that position to 
 the position of vice-president, as above stated. 
 
 It is a pleasure to refer to some others who are more particularly associated 
 with Knox county and Galesburg and who helped to make the Galesburg divi- 
 sion the banner division of the Burlington road and the one from which men, 
 since prominent in railroad affairs, graduated for service in all parts of the 
 United States. 
 
 The local chief from the beginning was Henry Hitchcock, assistant superin- 
 tendent and later division superintendent, who had as his aids men whom he 
 had trained and promoted, B. O. Carr, brother of Hon. Qark E. Carr, and Gen. 
 Eugene Carr, Augustus Sargent, Charles Chappel, who in after years was gen- 
 
 :. Cfal manager of the Chicago & Alton road ; Sanford Kingsbury, his office as- 
 sistant ; John Lass, chief clerk ; H. F. Hawley, train master, who left for the 
 Chicago & Alton as superintendent; James Alexander, train master; Fred Tubbs 
 and J. M. Ballantine of the telegraph department; L. A. Howland, conductor, 
 
 . afterward assistant superintendent. But of all his assistants none have succeeded 
 
 ; more than A, N. Towne, a brakeman and conductor, chosen by Mr. Hitchcock 
 to be his assistant and who later became assistant general manager and then 
 called to the Central Pacific, now the Southern Pacific, at $5o,cxx3 a year in gold. 
 
 : J. T. Qarke, formerly known as "Jim Qarke," was road master of the entire 
 
604 ' HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY > . ' ,; I . 
 
 Galesburg division. He came to Galesburg in 1859 and was appointed assistant 
 road master and in 1864 general road master. Mr. Clarke had two assistants, 
 S. F. Shanklin, who had charge of the Quincy road, and J. H. Linsley, who had 
 charge of the remainder of the division. The main line from Galesburg to Men- 
 dota having been completed, was placed under the supervision of J. D. Besler in 
 1863, the present live, active advisor of the road. Mr. Clarke continued in 
 charge until aftef the consolidation of the B. & M. of Iowa, when he resigned 
 to accept a call to the Union Pacific as general superintendent. After several 
 jears of service at the most critical time in the life of the Union Pacific, Mr. 
 Clarke left to become the general superintendent of the Chicago, Milwaukee and 
 St. Paul road, where he remained for several years. Unfortunately his railroad 
 life was cut short and upon his death his remains were brought to Galesburg, his 
 old home, and deposited in Hope cemetery. I ' ^. '.: 
 
 Mr. Besler commenced his railroad life in Illinois in 1853 by working from 
 time to time on what is now the Chicago, Alton & St. Louis road, and in 1855 
 he first began work for the C., B. & Q. R. R. Co. on track between Mendota 
 and Aurora. In 1856 he went to Galva and the following year became track 
 foreman at Prairie City. In 1859 he was transferred to Augusta and for four 
 years was extra gang foreman in charge of the construction train. In 1863 Mr. 
 Besler came to Galesburg as assistant road master. In 1865 he was appointed 
 road master in charge of the main line from Galesburg to Mendota with the addi- 
 tion of the Galva and New Boston branch and continued to hold that position 
 with great credit to himself until 1873. He was appointed assistant superintend- 
 ent of track, bridge and buildings. In 1878 he was, in addition to his other 
 position, appointed assistant superintendent of the Galesburg division. In i88i 
 he became superintendent of all the lines in Illinois and in 1885 general super- 
 intendent with headquarters in Chicago, which necessitated his move from 
 Galesburg in 1887. In 1902 after serving the company as general superintend- 
 ent for seventeen years, he left that position and became assistant to the second 
 vice-president, and is still connected with the vice-president's department. . 
 
 Mr. S. T. Shanklin, one of Mr. Qarke's assistants, was a track laborer, 
 then conductor of construction train with headquarters at Abingdon, then road 
 master at Galesburg, from 1864, in charge of the Quincy line. On account of 
 ill health he left the road and accepted a position as division superintendent of 
 the Union Pacific with headquarters at Omaha. Later he left the Union Pacific 
 and became superintendent of the Missouri Pacific, which position he held until 
 at the age of seventy-five he retired to a well earned rest. 
 
 Mr. J. H. Linsley, the other assistant of Mr. Clarke, was well known in 
 Galesburg where for many years he resided and where his widow still resides. 
 His daughter, Mrs. G. VV. Thompson and his son Fred, an engineer on the 
 Burlington, also reside in Galesburg. Mr. Linsley was an old C. B. & Q. 
 man, commencing before the road reached Galesburg. In 1848 he came west to 
 Michigan and was engaged in the building department of the Michigan Cen- 
 tral railroad, following the construction of that great thoroughfare into Chicago. 
 Later he was with the Michigan Southern until 1854 when he came to the 
 Burlington road and was located at Princeton in codnection with the building 
 department of what was then the Central Military Tract railroad. He helped 
 build the Bureau bridges. In 1859 Mr. Linsley, having the gold fever, left the 
 
>^- ;--^^^^^ HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY - -:: 605 
 
 road for Pike's peak. He returned to Illinois in 1865, entered the track de- 
 partment of the C. B. & Q. railroad as assistant road master under Mr. Clarke 
 and for many years faithfully served the company and retired at a good age to 
 enjoy his remaining days in Galesburg. .- 
 
 These four men, James T. Clarke, S. T. Shanklin, James H. Linsley and 
 J. D. Besler, had full charge of the Galesburg division at a time when it re- 
 quired most arduous and strenuous efforts to bring the new roadbed in safe and 
 first class condition and keep it so. " 
 
 Associated with these men was Mr. J. B. Scheitlin, who had full charge 
 of the office or inner work of the track department, which then had its own 
 store department. Mr. Scheitlin commenced his railroad work at Abingdon as 
 assistant to the station agent. Soon after (in February, 1856) the first train 
 from Quincy ran through to Galesburg, when the station was first opened. In 
 August, 1856, the agent suddenly left the service. Mr. Scheitlin was given 
 charge of the station. About that time Abingdon had a one stall engine house 
 and turntable and the conductors and firemen of the construction crews made 
 their headquarters there. Mr. Scheitlin gave up the station and came to Gales- 
 burg to assume charge of the books of the track department. In 1866, Mr. 
 Scheitlin was selected to go with the pay master, W. E. Gillman, and later C. S. 
 Bartlett, to assist in paying the men, for twelve successive years, making the trip 
 over the whole road, still having charge of the office work. Mr. Scheitlin was a 
 thorough office man and while the outside work was done by the road masters 
 and superintendent, much of their success was due to the efficiency and faith- 
 fulness of the inside men looking after the details and keeping the supplies to 
 the front. 
 
 Associated with Mr. Scheitlin for a time was Henry Moore and upon his 
 being transferred in 1867 to the position of special agent, Mr. John Lass became 
 assistant to Mr. Scheitlin, in charge of the office and track supplies and stores. 
 Mr. Lass after five years' service in office of Mercer and Edwards, solicitors and 
 lawyers, in England, commenced his work on the Burlington, in November, 1866, 
 in the building department headquarters, which then was a larger department, 
 where he had the pleasure of doing a pleasant service to the clerk of that office, 
 the editor of this history, our esteemed friend Mr. Albert J. Perry, by relieving 
 him from his duty when he responded to a call from his bride-to-be in the 
 east. Mr. Lass was for four months in a position as assistant to the treasurer of 
 Knox county. In the fall of 1867, he again entered the service of the "Q" in 
 the track department, where he remained until the year 1872, when Superin- 
 tendent Hitchcock called him to his office, where he was associated with Mr. 
 Samuel Charles and others. After the consolidation of the C., B. & Q. with the 
 B. & M., changes were made in the division superintendent's office. Mr. San- 
 ford Kingsburv, for many years Mr. Hitchcock's chief deck, was transferred 
 to the position of train master and later left for the Central Pacific with Mr. A. 
 N. Towne. Mr. Lass then became chief clerk and continued with Mr. Hitchcock 
 until he retired from the service of the Burlington, in i88i. The office work 
 of the assistant superintendent, Mr. Besler. was also under his charge. In 
 1890, Mr. Lass was appointed superintendent of the Galesburg division which 
 then included the main line Mendota to Burlington as well as the Burlington to 
 Quincy branch, and all the present division with the exception of the Savanna 
 
606 HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY ; ;> 
 
 branch north of this, and after three years he returned to the inside work in 
 charge of the Illinois lines office. 
 
 Mr. Lass has been continuously in the service from 1866 to the present 
 time, closely associated with the first superintendent, Mr. Hitchcock, as well 
 as with Mr. Besler, and all the other superintendents and the track, bridge 
 and building department men. ^', ' f- c- . 
 
 Mr. Samuel Burch was also one of the first men in the service and had 
 charge of the bridge department. Another old employe was E. C. Olin. In 
 1853, Mr. Olin, a carpenter, came west from New York, and for some time 
 worked for the Chicago Northwestern railroad. In 1885, he began work for 
 the Burlington, at Aurora. He moved to Galesburg, in 1873, where he was . 
 in charge of the bridge department for many years, until he retired to his farm 
 in Iowa, where he died at an advanced age. His daughter, Mrs. George W. ': 
 Bridge, still resides here. \'^i ' / - ^ ; '-^- . I ' .'^ i!'^ 
 
 There is now in the service of the company, Mr. John Sullivan, a thorough .' 
 going track man, none better in that line of work. He is another of the old 
 stock. / 
 
 When Mr. Sullivan came west upon his arrival upon these shores from Ire- ^ 
 land, the land of the green and beauty, he began to work on the track of the - 
 Burlington at Somonauk, in 1857. In May. 1860, he came to Galesburg, when, ' 
 after three years he was appointed track foreman at Kewanee, and five years-; 
 later at Hinsdale, Illinois, where he remained until 1868, where he was foreman . 
 of an extra gang at Sandwich. This position he held until 1871, when he was V 
 promoted to the position of division road master with headquarters at Aurora, 
 from whence he was transferred to Galesburg. He had charge of all the main '. 
 line from Mendota to Burlington, including the Galesburg yard, also the Galva :; 
 and Gladstone branch. Mr. Sullivan's home has been in Galesburg from the > 
 time he became road master on this division and he and his family are well ', 
 known and respected. ' 
 
 There were two other men in the track department associated with Mr. . 
 Clarke. Succeeding Mr. Shanklin was Archer Bracey from New York, and Mr. 
 C. H. Cuyler, who commenced work on the track on the Quincy branch in .' 
 1857. Later he became section foreman, then in charge of an extra gang and ' 
 for years he was also assistant road master. ; 
 
 Mr. C. P. Stringham was also road master and was a good track man. His 
 daughters are still living in Galesburg. When Mr. Shanklin went to the Union 
 Pacific he was followed, in 1871, by Mr. Stringham, Isaac Kennedy and Michael V 
 Carey, and others. 
 
 The water department was in charge of James V. Pangburn until 1891, whea 
 he was succeeded by William Harrison, who is now in charge. . -J - ;;^ ; 
 
 The building department had charge of the erection of all the stations and 
 other buildings on all the new branches which were opened from time to time. 
 Mr. Abe H. Huntington was at the head of this department. In 1874, he went . 
 to Denver, where he died some years later. With Mr. Huntington, from 1865 . 
 to 1873, was Albert J. Perry, who as chief clerk had charge of the office. ^. 
 
 Mr. Perry resigned January i, 1873, and in July of that year entered the cir- :r 
 cuit clerk's office, where he remained for nine years, when he was elected county ' 
 clerk for two terms. He is well known to all people of Knox county and will V 
 
^> ^^": ^- HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY '- - -' : 607 
 
 further be known as the editor of this history. He was elected treasurer of Knox 
 college in 1891, and still holds that office. He was also president of the Second 
 National bank from January, 1891, to February, 1903, when he entered into the 
 loan and investment business, which he has followed to the present time, and is 
 still conducting a nice business in that line. 
 
 Mr. W. A. Boydstun succeeded Mr. Huntington and was foreman of the 
 building department and continued in charge until he retired. Mr. Boydstun's 
 son, J. F. Boydstun, was for a time assistant train master and has been for 
 many years one of the best engineers in the road's service. Mr. Boydstun's 
 wife, family and brother, C. O. Boydstun, formerly a "Q" man, still reside in 
 Galesburg. 
 
 Mr. Fred H. Tubbs was superintendent of the telegraph of the Galesburg 
 division for a time, but left to be general superintendent of the Western Union 
 Telegraph office in Chicago. 
 
 Another employe most closely connected with the Galesburg division was 
 Fletcher C. Rice, who commenced his railroad career as an operator at Mon- 
 moutli, Kirkwood, and other stations, when he came to Galesburg as train dis- 
 patcher, in 1867. He was made chief dispatcher and chief operator in 1878, 
 and train master in i88i. He was appointed superintendent of the Galesburg 
 division in 1888, superintendent of Illinois lines in 1902, general superintendent 
 in 1904. Later he became general inspector of transportation on the vice-presi- 
 dent's staflf. Mr. Rice always had the confidence and respect of the men who 
 were under his supervision while on the Galesburg and Illinois divisions. 
 
 Mr. C. F. Jaureiet, a Canadian Frenchman, was for a long time in the early 
 operation of the road master mechanic of the C., B. & Q. lines at Aurora, 
 with Mr. Cheney, in charge of the locomotive department at Galesburg. 
 
 Mr. Cheney was killed at Canton in a train accident. Mr. William Wilson 
 succeeded Mr. Cheney and after several years he was called by the general 
 manager, Chappell, of the Chicago & Alton road to be head of the locomotive 
 department of that road. Mr. Chappell, who was Mr. Hitchcock's assistant, 
 while on the Burlington, recognized Mr. Wilson's' ability. Mr. Wilson was 
 succeeded by Mr. Geo. Hackney, who afterwards became superintendent of motive 
 power of the A. T. & S. F. road. 
 
 There were others connected with the locomotive and car departments, one 
 for many years, Mr. John Bassler, whose family still reside in Galesburg. Mr. 
 Bassler had charge of the car department and was a competent man, who later 
 went to Burlington to take charge of the shops there and afterwards resigned 
 and was in business in Galesburg for many years. 
 
 Mr. James Lamb, Mr. H. J. Small and others may be remembered in con- 
 nection with the locomotive and car departments. 
 
 Robert W. Colville, one of the old employes, a Galesburg boy, for many 
 years was in charge of the locomotive and car departments at Galesburg. He 
 was well known to all the men as "Bob." Under his jurisdiction the depart- 
 ments were well handled. Mr. Colville and the men worked as a unit in good 
 service. But unfortunately the life of Mr. Colville was instantly terminated 
 December 28, 1909, by an accident which spread a gloom over the whole C. B. 
 & Q. road. Men from all parts of the road attended the funeral services. Mr. 
 ColviUe's family are residing in Galesburg. .-..:.; f- j v ' ' 
 
608 V HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY 
 
 Mr. J. T. Bassett was also in the old car department and still is in the service 
 of the company. He had charge of this department for many years, was known 
 and respected by all. He and his family make their home in Galesburg. 
 
 In connection with the C. B. & Q. and Knox county, more particularly Gales- 
 hurg, it may be interesting to know of the number of young men who have prac- 
 tically had their start in the offices or departments of the C. B. & Q. at Gales- 
 burg. 
 
 Another Galesburg boy, W. G. Besler, entered the assistant superintendent's 
 office in April, 1880. From there he was called to the office of superintendent 
 of Illinois lines. He went to Chicago in 1886 with his father, Mr. J. D. Besler, 
 where he entered the general manager's office. He took a course in the Boston 
 School of Technology. Returning to Chicago, he was appointed train master 
 at Fulton, then became division superintendent of the St. Louis division and 
 from there he went to the Reading railroad as general manager and is now vice- 
 president and general manager of the Central railroad of New Jersey. , 
 
 Mr. H. M. Tompkins, clerk of the superintendent of chief dispatcher, is now 
 superintendent of the Michigan Central railroad. 
 
 C. J. Balch, former clerk, is now on western railroads. '^ ;i. I :v 
 : A. T. Lindgren, clerk of division superintendent, was promoted to chief 
 clerk, then to general superintendent's office in Chicago with Mr. Besler and 
 later left the service and is and has been for many years secretary of the large 
 Scandinavian Loan association. 
 
 C. S. Belden, clerk to assistant contractor of construction work, is now in 
 Minneapolis connected with the wholesale exportation of flour and flour ex- 
 pert. 
 
 Will Van Schaak, general agent of the St. M. & Pere Marquette railroad, 
 W. A. Armstrong, cashier P. T. & S. bank; C. K. Armstrong, assistant pas- 
 senger agent of Central railroad of New Jersey; P. N. Granville, Cashier of the 
 Bank of Galesburg; C. M. Hunt, court stenographer; Fay Scudder of the C. B. 
 & Q. railroad office and Geo. L. Price, now of Galesburg Furnishing Co., have 
 all been efficient and active employes. 
 
 The following are familia'r names upon the books of the Burlington at Gales- 
 burg: Fred Barndt, J. P. McDermott, W. E. Fuller, chief dispatcher; Frank 
 Hart, clerk, now general agent at Clinton. Iowa ; W. H. Wallace, O. F. Price gen- 
 eral solicitor at Galesburg ; Wilkins Seacord, sui>erintendent stock yards ; Asbury 
 Cochrun, Mr. Seacord's assistant and now superintendent ; Chas. F. Cothren, as- 
 sistant to his father, J. W. Cothren, the first freight agent, until he retired from 
 the road, then succeeded him as freight agent and is still in the employ of the 
 company ; W. L. Barnes, Fred Seacord, assistant train master and later assistant 
 ticket agent ; Hamilton R. Kearney, clerk ; A. S. Crawford, deceased, division pas- 
 senger and ticket agent at Galesburg; E. S. Gunnell, claim agent, now of the 
 O. T. Johnson store ; W. E. Kee, claim agent, now in Chicago law department ; 
 C. M. Snyder, H. D. Skidmore and A. L. West, division freight agents ; J. P. 
 Van Clute, J. M. Root, James Hopcraft, deceased ; A. T. Chittenden, Gus Hal- 
 line, C. H. Stead, deceased, dispatchers ; James Dickson, now in charge of Quincy 
 shops ; C. S. Belden, A. C. Noteware, Michael Franey, deceased, in charge of track, 
 Galesburg yard; Patrick McQuillan, also of track department; C. G. Hurd, 
 deceased, E. S. Moulton, C. S. Twyman, W. F. Bloomquist, George Tobin, Patrick 
 
/:.::/:-;; HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY 609 
 
 Tobin, all of the ticket office ; J. R. Weeks, formerly superintendent's chief clerk ; 
 H. E. Husted, Chas. F. Lass, E. M. Bristol, E. J. Dickson, Grover F. Ekins, 
 now in charge of a church in Cleveland ; W. H. Spinner, operator, chief clerk 
 with Mr. Rice, later the well known ticket agent at Galesburg, now with the 
 New York Life Insurance Co. ; F. W. Churchill, C. P. Matingly, Fred Finch, 
 now of the Great Northern ; W. C. Blaich, chief clerk division superintendent, 
 now with the Big Creek Colliery Co., and and the People's Fuel Co. ; Mr. Wesley 
 Woods, now with the relief department; Ed. F. Toben, for many years in the 
 superintendent's office and track department and now chief clerk in division 
 superintendent's office; Loren M. Peterson, now assistant chief clerk; E. E. 
 Watson, clerk superintendent's office; John B. McAuley, formerly city en- 
 ' : gineer now contractor, and C. H. Simcaskey, chief clerk, Aurora. 
 
 In the year 1900 there was a gigantic struggle for the possession of the C. 
 . B. & Q. between the Great Northern Railroad Co., represented by J. H. Hill and 
 '^',, the Union Pacific, represented by E. H. Harriman, terminating as all know in 
 '.A , the control of the C. B. & Q. passing out of the hands of the men of Boston 
 ; : and the east and into the hands of the Great Northern and Northern Pacific and 
 finally terminating with the Great Northern practically in full control. This 
 struggle was so fierce that stocks went soaring to unheard of heights and for a 
 time railroad managers generally feared a most disastrous result. Nevertheless, 
 things settled down and no one outside of the parties interested realized that 
 anything had happened. All that is known or felt today is that James J. Hill 
 ; ..^ became one of the greatest of railroad kings and if anything happens to interfere 
 |; . ' with the great property concentrated by him, it will probably some day become 
 ,.. . the greatest factor in existence in the transportation problem of the United 
 :'. States and the world. Northwestern Canada is nowhere near developed, no one 
 can make accurate prediction of the importance of Alaska, there is a constant 
 growth in the products and productive power of the great west as well as the 
 east and there is yet to be a greater interchange of the products of the two sec- 
 tions of this country than one can imagine and this enormous system of rail- 
 . ways must perform the bulk of this work. The great growth in the population 
 ; of the United States was the first cause that called this system into being. 
 Millions of men and women have made up the constructive force and it is now 
 proper to group a few of the commanding figures that have guided the great 
 mass in its constructive work, all of whom at some time have been prominent in 
 ., , C. B. & Q. matters and many of them residents of Knox county. 
 >; A. M. Towne, president Southern Pacific; E. P. Ripley, president A. T. & 
 ,, S. F. R. R. Co.; F. A. Delano, president Erie railway; H. B. Stone, general 
 . .: manager C. B. & Q. ; W. C. Brown, president New York Central & H. R. R. ; 
 G. H. Ross, vice-president Alton ; J. D. Besler, C. B. & Q., of Chicago ; W. G. 
 Besler, vice-president and general manager Central of New Jersey; Chas. Chap- 
 . pell, president Chicago & Alton ; J. T. Clarke, general superintendent Union Pa- 
 cific and later C. M. & St. P. ; S. T. Shanklin, division superintendent Northern 
 Pacific; Daniel Willard, president Erie railroad; Robert Mather, president Rock 
 Island system; C. H. Hudson, Chicago and C. & O. L. ; C. H. Smith, traffic 
 manager C. & O. 
 
 vM So intimate has been the relation between the Michig^an Central railroad 
 and the C. B. & Q. railroad that a history of the latter does not seem complete 
 
 - ;' Vol. 1 89 
 
610 V HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY i 
 
 .' ' '.!.' 
 
 without a brief account of the former. Three men, whom we have already 
 mentioned, deserve a little further notice before taking up this part of our 
 subject, viz, : John W. Brooks, James F. Joy, and John Murray Forbes, who 
 may be credited with the organization, consolidation and building of the Michi- 
 gan Central and all of whom have been prominent in one way and another with 
 the Burlington system. 
 
 John M. Forbes from 1846 to i88i was a great power in the financial world, 
 who provided funds for the completion and successful operation of the Michi- 
 gan Central and who did very much the same thing for the C. B. & Q. He was 
 a man of strict and unswerving financial integrity and thereby established a 
 credit for these roads upon a firm basis with moneyed interests of the east. Well 
 known in London and the orient, his word became good for any needed amount 
 of money. 
 
 John W. Brooks at the age of twenty-six came west and saw the condition 
 of the Michigan Central road. He returned to Boston and New York in the 
 hope of interesting financial men in his scheme. He met John M. Forbes, who 
 had already some experience in matters of this kind, and presented the subject 
 to him. The Michigan Central had been built westward from Detroit one hun- 
 dred and forty miles to Kalamazoo. It had been backed by the state of Michi- 
 gan and had cost $3,500,000. State aid, however, failed at this period and the 
 road was put up for market. Mr. Forbes had faith in the scheme and undertook 
 to furnish money for the purchase of the road. He employed the great lawyer, 
 Daniel Webster, to draft a charter of the Michigan Central railroad embody- 
 ing the best features of What had been learned from eastern railroad experience 
 and sent Mr. Brooks back to Michigan to secure the passage of the charter by 
 the legislature, In 1846 after much discussion and predictions of dire results, 
 the charter was granted and by the act of incorporation the Michigan Central 
 was granted the property of the road forever with the proviso that after twenty 
 years the state might repurchase and after thirty years might alter, amend or 
 repeal the charter. The purchase was made for $2,000,000. 
 
 Mr. James F. Joy was a graduate of Dartmouth college and the Harvard Law 
 school. He came to Detroit and while waiting for his practice to grow, he was 
 called into this scheme. It was Brooks and Joy who presented this matter to 
 Forbes and they naturally became active in the work of bringing order out of the 
 chaos into which the road had fallen. Forbes was made president of the road. 
 Brooks of Detroit was to have charge of the operating. The Michigan Central 
 company took possession of the property on the 23rd of September, 1846, and 
 when the directors held the first annual meeting in Detroit, June, 1847, the road 
 had already prospered enough to justify immediate preparations for a forward 
 march toward Lake Michigan. Funds were easily found to complete this work 
 and soon these men began to look for opportunities west of Chicago and by a 
 series of negotiations heretofore mentioned in this work, they became interested 
 in the Btirlington road. 
 
 At the time these men took hold of the Michigan Central road, it ran through 
 a section of country which was practically a wilderness, but the moment that 
 efficient management was substituted for the previous bad management, traffic in- 
 creased to such a degree that the road was shortly built to Chicago and transpor- 
 tation from Buffalo to Chicago was reduced from four days to a few hours. 
 
v-r.> ' HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY 'v 611 
 
 Towns have sprung up along its line, it has a magnificent road bed, its depot 
 
 buildings are of the finest in the country and it is one of the first class roads 
 of the United States. -^ - 
 
 :; ';;: / ;^ ATCHISON, TOPEKA & SANTA FE RAILWAY 
 
 .;;;, /''";, " -:';, ';;.";'.;-'-;^^.v---%' BY J. F. JARRELL ;; '' ; ': 
 
 The Atchison, Topeka & Santa Fe Railway company, which has a valuable 
 plant in Galesburg, operates in thirteen states. These Santa Fe states are Illi- 
 nois, Iowa, Missouri, Kansas, Nebraska, Oklahoma, Texas, Louisiana, Colorado, 
 New Mexico, Arizona, Nevada, and California. This territory generally is 
 known as the Great Southwest. If the thirteen states named were isolated from 
 the rest of the world, the inhabitants would lack neither necessities nor luxuries 
 in all the time to come, for in this section everything that mankind desires is 
 produced in abundance. 
 
 The Santa Fe has been a pioneer in the development of the territory de- 
 scribed. Starting in Kansas when the buffalo ran wild and Indians were on the 
 war path, it pushed its way steadily westward and southward, across plains and 
 through mountains, toward the Pacific ocean and the Gulf of Mexico. Having 
 obtained an outlet to tide waters on the west and south, to obtain a definite east- 
 ern terminus at once became a problem for the Santa Fe management to solve. 
 
 Southern California was, in the late eighties, beginning to boom its products 
 eastward ; the mines of New Mexico and Colorado were contributing a heavy 
 traffic ; the plains of western Kansas, Indian Territory and Texas were shipping 
 vast and increasing numbers of cattle to eastern markets, and the grain fields 
 of Kansas were developing at a remarkable rate. The enormous volume of 
 traffic which the then 5,300 miles of the Santa Fe system was creating and han- 
 dling demanded an eastern outlet beyond the Missouri river. 
 
 Chicago, the traffic center of the great lakes and the Mississippi valley, was 
 then, as today, the central market. It was, furthermore, the center of west- 
 ward traffic operations, and the great homeseeker movement, occasioned by 
 cheap lands and booming conditions in the west focused in that city. Chicago 
 was, in short, the logical eastern terminus for the Santa Fe system. 
 
 To do full justice to its traffic requirements and to fulfill its ambition for 
 a line from the lakes to the gu\i and Pacific coast points, the Santa Fe must, 
 then, strike directly from Kansas City to Chicago, and, under the indomitable 
 leadership of President William B. Strong, the dream of building into Chicago 
 became a splendid reality in the year 1887. 
 
 To carry out this project, the Chicago, Santa Fe & California Railway com- 
 pany was incorporated under the laws of the state of Illinois on December 3, 
 1886. 
 
 In the month of January, 1887, according to information furnished by 
 G. D. Bradley of the Santa Fe's accounting department at Topeka, the stock 
 markets of Boston, New York and London announced the sale of $15,000,000 
 gold bonds of the Chicago, Santa Fe & California Railway company. These 
 
 
612 HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY 
 
 bonds, which were payable semi-annually in each of the above mentioned cities, 
 were guaranteed by the Atchison, Topeka & Santa Fe Railroad company and 
 were secured by a first mortgage on the entire new road as projected subject 
 only to $1,500,000 of prior lien bonds. In consideration of this guarantee, the 
 Santa Fe was to receive the entire $30,000,000 stock issue of the Chicago, 
 Santa Fe & California Railway company, thereby gaining control through a 
 direct ownership of two-thirds of its $45,000,000 capital. 
 
 Several plans were proposed for getting into Chicago, but the one adopted 
 was to construct as much of a direct line as necessary, and to purchase such 
 minor lines as could be used to advantage in covering the distance. By this 
 plan it was found possible to reduce the amount of main line construction about 
 one hundred miles through the purchase of a small road leading into Chicago 
 from Pekin, Illinois. Shortly after its incorporation, in December, 1886, the 
 Chicago, Santa Fe & California Railway company acquired the road and other 
 properties of the Chicago & St. Louis Railway company, which extended from 
 Chicago to Pekin, about 158 miles, including a short spur from Streator to 
 Coalville. By the terms of its charter the Chicago, Santa Fe & California 
 Railway Company was authorized to build an extension from Streator, Illinois, 
 to Fort Madison, Iowa, connecting at the latter point with an extension of the 
 Atchison, Topeka & Santa Fe from Kansas City. It was authorized, further, 
 to construct a line from Pekin to Springfield, Illinois. 
 
 The Chicago & St. Louis Railway company, which the Santa Fe absorbed, 
 was known originally in railroad circles as the "Hinckley road." About the 
 year 1869, a Chicago promoter, named Francis C. Hinckley, associated with 
 Philip B. Shumway and Colonel Ralph Plumb, and backed largely by Moses 
 Taylor, president of the National City Bank of New York, had built a line 
 from Streator to Pekin, a distance of about sixty-four miles. This was called 
 the Chicago, Pekin & Southwestern railroad. In 1876 this road was extended 
 northward about thirty miles to Maxon creek, near Coal City, the enterprise 
 having been conducted under the name of the Cliicago & St. Louis Railway 
 Company. In i88i these roads became involved in financial difficulties and, 
 on May lo, 1882, both properties were reorganized under the name of the 
 Chicago, St. Louis & Westera Railroad company. On January i, 1884, this 
 line was completed from Mazon bridge to Chicago, nearly seventy miles. More 
 financial troubles ensued, and another reorganization took place, this time under 
 the name of the Chicago & St. Louis Railway company, on January i, 1885. 
 The property of the Chicago, St. Louis & Western was transferred to the 
 Chicago & St. Louis Railway company on May i, 1885, and the latter named 
 road was formally opened for traffic on December 21, 1885, only to pass to 
 the Chicago, Santa Fe & California Railway company a year later. 
 
 In February, 1887, A. A. Robinson, chief engineer of the Santa Fe system, 
 received orders from President Strong to push the line through and have it 
 ready for operation by January i, 1888. This order was literally carried into 
 effect, work being started all along the line with tremendous energy. 
 
 The grading and bridge building were let to private contractors, and approxi- 
 mately five thousand men were employed along the entire route, this force being 
 increased later by about two thousand railroad employes engaged in track and 
 structural work. The organization of the engineering staff and this body of 
 
;: V . { ^ ;::' HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY '; ' 613 
 
 .workmen was not unlike that of an .army in the field. Over the entire enterprise, 
 with headquarters in Topeka, but everywhere present, was A. A. Robinson, chief 
 engineer. At one time five hundred men were employed on Santa Fe work in 
 Knox county. . 
 
 Mr. Robinson, who now resides in Topeka, having retired from active rail- 
 road work, told the writer that he negotiated the arrangement for building the 
 Santa Fe through Galesburg with a committee of which Mr. W. Selden Gale was 
 chairman. Mr. Gale was the son of George W. Gale, founder of Galesburg. 
 When news was received in Galesburg that the Santa Fe would build east of 
 the Missouri river, the people of Galesburg promptly organized to capture the 
 new line. Galesburg's proposition was to furnish a right of way through the 
 city without expense to the Santa Fe. A guaranty, signed by many leading citi- 
 zens, was telegraphed by Colonel Clark E. Carr to the directors of the Santa Fe, 
 in session in Boston, and they accepted it. The money to pay for the right of 
 way was afterwards raised by subscription. The road was built through Knox 
 county late in the summer of 1887. When the work was started in Galesburg, 
 Mr. Robinson submitted all matters pertaining to grades, crossings, depot site, 
 etc., to Chairman Gale and the other committeemen, who put them through the 
 council. 
 
 An important feature of the line from Chicago to Kansas City is that, while 
 the Santa Fe crosses thirty-four railroads in the total distance of 458 miles, there 
 are only four grade crossings. The Santa Fe goes over or under these railroads 
 at all the other points. This feature prevents danger and saves time. 
 
 After the completion of the Chicago-Kansas City line, Mr. Robinson became 
 vice-president and general manager of the Santa Fe, and later went to the Mex- 
 ican Central railroad as its president. : 
 
 Reaching Chicago, in 1888, the Santa Fe began spreading its network of 
 rails into a system now aggregating approximately ii,cxx) miles of lines which 
 serve this vast empire of the southwest, its wealth-yielding farms and ranches, 
 its extensive mines, and its growing cities teeming with factories and the marts 
 of trade.':..;,:;; -./-":; . '>. ^'' -,;' 
 
 The manufacturing industries in the thirteen states served by the Santa Fe 
 have increased in number and output more than lOO per cent in ten years. All 
 of the states produce lumber for the market, except two. Ten of the states are 
 coal producers. Petroleum and natural gas are found in nine. The wool indus- 
 try is important in twelve. Stone for the market is produced in four, salt in 
 four, lead and zinc in seven, gj'psum in eight, lime in three, cement in nine, sand 
 and gravel in ten. clay in eight, precious metals in six, copper in five, iron in six, 
 the fishing industry is extensive in six, and every state is rich in products from 
 the farm, orchard, ranch and garden. ; , .V 
 
 The rapid development of the southwest has made it necessary for the Santa 
 Fe to have a two-track railroad from Chicago to the Pacific. It now has two 
 tracks from Chicago to Belen, New Mexico, a distance of 1,400 miles, and by 
 the end of 1912 additional double tracking for 400 miles will have been finished 
 west of Belen. From Chicago to Kansas City the tracks are side by side. From 
 Kansas City the main line runs through central Kansas, southeastern Colorado 
 and New Mexico, another line through southern Kansas, northwestern Okla- 
 homa, the panhandle of Texas and central New Mexico, the two lines meeting 
 
614 HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY ^ ^ '- 
 
 at Belen, making a two-track way. In addition the Santa Fe has double tracked 
 its main line in Kansas City to Newton, a distance of 201 miles. It also has 
 two tracks through the Arkansas valley, from Holly to La Junta, in Colorado. 
 The tracks west of Belen are side by side. The double tracking from Chicago 
 to Kansas City was completed in 1911. The double tracking in Knox county 
 was done in the summer of that year. ""' ;.:: 
 
 The Santa Fe of to-day, under the guidance of President E. P. Ripley, is / : 
 recognized as one of the great railway systems of the world, at once conserva- 
 tive and progressive. The Ripley policy for team work in all branches of the 
 service and for maintaining a cordial relationship between officials and the com- 
 pany's patrons has been a strong factor in the success of the Santa Fe. :-;"'/'-.-/ 
 
 . ;.;^ THE PRFSBYTERIAN CHURCH ^y < 
 
 -; ' V BY REV. STUART M. CAMPBELL ;';.;: 
 
 
 
 The Presbyterian church in Knox county is represented by five churches ^ o 
 Altona, Galesburg, Knoxville, Oneida and Yates City. Formerly there was a :M.!, 
 church in Copley township, known as Knox church, which is now closed. These /. .^ 
 churches form an integral part of the religious body known officially as "the : ';' , 
 Presbyterian church in the United States of America." This body is for the :;.". 
 most part limited to the northern part of the "^Jnited States, the similar body . ;" V- 
 in the south being separately incorporated under the name of "The Presby- ; .; 
 terian Church in the United States." To these two branches of the Presby- ': :,;^. f 
 terian family must be added all the groups following the Presbyterial fonn of .; , 
 government such as the Dutch Reformed, the Reformed Church in America, '^': . 
 the United Presbyterian, the Cumberland Presbyterian and others. In all it is ; ;--.';/ 
 estimated that 23,000,000 people confess allegiance to the Presbj-terian system, .; ' 
 and they are found scattered throughout the world. 
 
 ,' '"-^r ','':':' ' . ' . ' HISTORICAL ;/'' \''':^:f---^^-- ''':.: 
 
 The Presbyterian church in America dates from 1705, when the first presby- 
 tery was formed in Philadelphia. In 1788 the general assembly was first organ- 
 ized. There have been a number of breaks in the development of the church, 
 owing to divergent views on matters of government and discipline. In 1870 
 there was a union consummated between the "old school" and "new school" 
 branches, and more recently there has been consummated a union with the Cum- 
 berland branch. The membership of the national church is now 1,354,000, with 
 1,200,000 scholars in Bible schools. The name Presbyterian is the adaptation 
 of the Greek word for "elder" or "bishop." It signifies government by elders, 
 who are chosen to represent the people. It has always been a purely democratic 
 church, and its form of government has been so highly satisfactory that many 
 other institutions have been planned upon the same representative idea. Each 
 local church in the Presbyterian system is governed by a board of elders, who 
 are chosen by the congregation; the churches within a certain area constitute a 
 
^ -; r^; ; y .: C HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY ' 615 
 
 "presbytery" ; all the churches in a state form a "synod" ; and delegates from the 
 presbyteries (equal clergy and laity) form the "general assembly," which meets 
 annually, and which is the highest court of the church. 
 
 The Presbyterian church carries on an immense amount of work in this and 
 other lands. She has been the friend of the common people, the nurse of lib- 
 erty, the mother of democracy, the builder of schools and colleges. Such col- 
 leges as Princeton and Knox have been planted by her sons, and she continues 
 her great work, planting schools and extending her influence in all lands. Her 
 missionary labors are extensive and permanent. She has now over i,ooo mis- 
 sionaries in the foreign field and has distributed this past year about $1,70x3,000 
 in these lands. In all that makes for the uplift of the world the church has 
 been a great contributor; and the dignity of her worship, with the freedom of 
 her government, have combined to make her service far-reaching and significant. 
 
 \:,'^'- '::" .,^^:'-^ . .,^.;^ '':;:/ ^,"\. ;.i\.-v. DOCTRINAL .;'.,',' ^- / 
 
 ^ "';' 
 
 In matters of doctrine the Presbyterian church follows what is known as the 
 Augiistinian or Calvinistic system. These doctrines were formulated more 
 elaborately by John Calvin (1509-1564). Briefly the Calvinistic churches em- 
 phasize the sovereignty of God, especially in matters of grace. The sovereign 
 recognition of God has given to Presbyterianism a peculiar strength, and the 
 history of the denomination is full of tragedy. While following what seems 
 like a rigid system, no church surpasses the Presbjterian in the simplicity of her 
 methods, and members are welcomed into her communion on the simplest terms. 
 Her conceptions of the Bible, and of the revelation of God in Christ, have given 
 to her a solidity and steadfastness that remains unchanged throughout the cen- 
 turies, and her people are planting the work with the certainty of future achieve- 
 ments and progress. Combining thus the rootage necessary to growth and the 
 fruitage which is the sign of health, the church has become the true liberal 
 church, and she is filled with happiness. 
 
 ALTONA PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH, APRIL 25TH, 1857 -;-'';..: i 
 
 A committee from Schuyler presbytery, composed of Isaac H. Candee, D. D., 
 of Galesburg, Rev. Thomas S. Vail of Knoxville and Rev. Jas. T. Bliss of Wal- 
 nut Grove, met a portion of the citizens of this place at their schoolhouse to 
 organize a Presbyterian church, as had been before publicly announced. Rev. 
 Thomas S. Vail preached a sermon from Luke ii, 34:35. The committee hav- 
 ing been duly organized for the transaction of business, twenty-one names were 
 given : Richard S. Stuckey and Joseph Finley, first elders ; Joseph Stuckey, first 
 deacon. Attest: I. H. Candee, D. D., Rev. T. S. Vail, Rev. J. T. Bliss, com- 
 mittee of presbytery. 
 
 April lo, 1858, R. S. Stuckey was first delegate chosen to attend Schuyler 
 presbytery. "V'^-'-!^ ''':!: '=-V /': v -'-'Xr. '::' 
 
 October lo, 1859, Samuel Russell was appointed delegate to attend the synod 
 at Chicago, October 2oth of the same year. 
 
 First examination and approving of minutes at Galesburg, April ii, 1860. C. 
 Levenworth, moderator. The following pastors have served since the church 
 
616 , . HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY 
 
 building was erected: Rev. C. Levenworth, who resided in Galesburg; Rev. 
 Giffin and Rev. Jimison, who resided in Monmouth ; I. G. Scott lived in Gales- 
 burg; Rev. Moore, Rev. Harvey, Rev. Ayers, who resided in Galesburg; Rev. 
 Thos. Watson, Rev. Wm. Parker, Rev. John Rugh, now of White Hall; Rev. 
 C. W. Crofts of Morrison, Rev. J. N. Strain of Afton, Iowa ; Rev. W. B. Smith, 
 St. Louis, Mo. Revs. Bliss and Vance were itinerant ministers before house 
 was built. Rev. S. A. League, formerly of Yates City, was elected pastor and 
 took charge of work March i, 1912. 
 
 Elders : Thos. Andrews, Chas. Austin and J. W. McQueen, clerk. Trustees : 
 A. A. Scott, James McGaan, F. H. Olson, Ed Main and Harry McGaan. Mem- 
 bership about loo; Sunday school, 45. House, eight roomed modern building. 
 V-..-.... : ;. - / ... J. W. McQueen, Clerk. 
 
 GALESBURG PRESBYTERIANISM \^ . - . - : 
 
 . . ^'* ."..V ;.. .^'.^'-''''-^.^ 
 
 The Presbyterian church in Galesburg has a history parallel with that of the 
 town and of Knox college, all of which were founded together. The group 
 that came from Whitesboro, N. Y., to establish the town and college were a 
 group of church-going people, and soon after arriving here they met to or- 
 ganize as a church. On February 26, 1837, the first Sunday service was held, 
 with the Rev. Geo. W. Gale as preacher. Sixty- four persons united by letter 
 and eighteen by confession of faith eighty-two ip all. On April 5th it was 
 agreed that the church should be organized fully as Presbyterian, and very 
 soon thereafter it was received into the presbytery of Schuyler, the corporate 
 name being "The Presbyterian Church of Galesburg." The first elders chosen 
 were Nehemiah West, Nehemiah H. Losey and John Kendall. The deacons 
 chosen were Thomas Simmons and Abel Goodell. The church continued its 
 service until 1845, when a change occurred in its policy. The Congregational 
 element had been growing strong in the young church, and this group wished 
 some compromise that they might have recognition. The compromise was ar- 
 ranged in 1843 3"d continued until 1851, when a group of Presbyterians with- 
 drew and organized a church of their own faith, known as the Second Presby- 
 terian church. In the service of the First church were Rev. Geo. W. Gale, 
 1836; Rev. John Thomas A very, 1836-7; Rev. John Waters, 1837-39; Rev. 
 Horatio Foote, 1839-40; Rev. Geo. W. Gale, 1840-41; Rev. Hiram Huntington 
 Kellogg, 1841-43 ; Rev. J. Waters, Rev. Edward Hollester or Rev. Hiram Marsh, 
 1843-44; Rev. Lucius H. Parker, 1844-45; Rev. H. H. Kellogg, 1845-47; Rev. 
 Jonothan Blanchard, 1847-49; Rev. Flavel Bascom, 1849-50. 
 
 The first service of the new Presbyterian congregation was held in Knox 
 academy June 29, 1851. AJter worshipping in a small building on South 
 street the congregation in i8)p moved into a new building at the corner of Kel- 
 logg and Main streets. In a short time there was a movement for a more suit- 
 able building, and after some delays, incident in part to the war, the new edifice 
 on South Cherry street was proceeded with and occupied May 7, 1864. This 
 building was destroyed by fire Nov. 31. 1891. The ministers serving this church 
 were : Rev. Geo. W. Gale to 1852, Rev. John W. Bailey to 1858, Rev. Harvey 
 Curtis, D. D., and Rev. Charles E. Stebbins to 1862. After a group of supplies, 
 the Rev. George Duffield became pastor in 1865, continuing until 1869. Dr. Duf- 
 
616 HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY 
 
 buildinj:: was erected: Rev. C. Levenworth. who resided in Galesburg; Rev. 
 Giffin and Rev. Jimison, who resided in Monmouth ; I. G. Scott lived in Gales- 
 hurij; Rev. Moore, Rev. Harvey, Rev. Avers, who resided in Galesburg; Rev. 
 Thos. \\'atson. Rev. \\'m. Parker, Rev. John Rugh, now of White Hall : Rev. 
 C. W. Crofts of .Morrison, Rev. J. X. Strain of Afton, Iowa ; Rev. W. B. Smith, 
 St. Louis, Mo. Revs. Bliss and \'ance were itinerant ministers before house 
 was built. Rev. S. A. League, formerly of Yates City, was elected pastor and 
 took charge of work ^larch i, 1912. 
 
 Elders: Thos. Andrews, Chas. Austin and J. W. McQueen, clerk. Trustees: 
 A. A. Scott, James McGaan, F. H. Olson, Ed Main and Harry McGaan. Mem- 
 bership about loo; Sunday school, 45. House, eight roomed modern building. 
 
 J. W. McQueen, Clerk. , 
 
 ' GALESBURG PRESBYTERIAN ISM 
 
 The Presbyterian church in Galesburg has a history parallel with that of the 
 town and of Knox college, all of which were founded together. The group 
 that came from \\'hitcsboro, X. Y., to establish the town and college were a 
 group of church-going people, and soon after arriving here they met to or- 
 ganize as a church. On February 26, 1837, the first Sunday service was held, 
 with the Rev. Geo. \\'. Gale as preacher. Sixty-four persons united by letter 
 and eighteen by confession of faith eighty-two in all. On A])ril 5th it was 
 agreed that the church should be organized fully as Presbyterian, and very 
 soon thereafter it was received into the presbytery of Schuyler, the corporate 
 name being "The Presbyterian Church of Galesburg." The first elders chosen 
 were Xehemiah West, Xehemiah H. Losey and John Kendall. The deacons 
 chosen were Thomas Simmons and Abel Goodell. The churcli continued its 
 service until 1845, \vhen a change occurred in its jwlicy. The Congregational 
 element had been growing strong in the >oung church, and this grou]) wished 
 some compromise that they might have recognition. The compromise was ar- 
 ranged in 1843 3"fl continued until 1851, when a grou]) of Presbyterians with- 
 drew and organized a church of their own faith, known as the Second Presby- 
 terian church. In the service of the First church were Rev. Geo. \\'. Gale, 
 1836; Rev. John Thomas Avery, 1836-7; Rev. John \\'aters, 1837-39; Rev. 
 Horatio l-'oote, 1839-40: Rev. Geo. \\'. Gale. 1840-41: Rev. Hiram Huntington 
 Kellogg, 1841-43: Rev. J. \\'aters. Rev. Edward Hollester or Rev. Hiram Marsh, 
 1843-44; Rev. Lucius H. Parker, 1844-45; Rev. H. H. Kellogg, 1845-47; Rev. 
 Jonothan Blanchard, 1847-49; Rev. Flavel Bascom, 1849-50. 
 
 The first service of the ncu- Presbyterian congregation was held in Knox 
 academy June 29, 1851. ^\iter worshi])i)ing in a small building on South 
 street the congregation in i8jo moved into a new building at the corner of Kel- 
 logg and ^lain streets. In a short time there was a movement for a more suit- 
 able building, and after some delays, incident in part to the war, the new edifice 
 on .South Cherry street was proceeded with and occupied May 7, 1864. This 
 building was destroyed by fire X(n-. 31, 1891. The ministers serving this church 
 were : Rev. Geo. W. Gale to 1852, Rev. John \\'. Bailey to 1858, Rev. Harvey 
 Curtis, D. D., and Rev. Charles E. Stebbins to 1862. After a group of supplies, 
 the Rev. George Duffield became pastor in 1865, continuing until 1869. Dr. Duf- 
 
I - 
 
 B r . 
 
 ^''^ 
 
 2?. 
 
 ^^ -rr- - '3. 
 
V V - HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY ' ^ ^ 617 
 
 field's pastorate has been memorized by a window in the present church, re- 
 calling his authorship of the stately hymn, "Stand up, stand up for Jesus." 
 In 1869 Prof. Llewellyn Pratt became stated supply. 
 
 In 1854 there was organized in Galesburg an "old school" Presbyterian 
 church. This was a national movement and was based upon questions of dis- 
 cipline. This body worshipped in a building on North Cedar street, which was 
 occupied in 1857. This building was removed to Simmons street in 1865, where 
 the work continued until 1870. The pastors were Rev. T. S. Vail to 1855, Rev. 
 I. N. Candee to 1866, Rev. George Norcross to 1868, Rev. S. T. Wilson to 1870. 
 
 In 1869 and 1870 the question of the union of Presbyterian interests was 
 taken up and on March i, 1870, the presbytery of Knox and Warren gave offi- 
 cial sanction to the union. Prof. Pratt was stated supply for a short time of 
 the united church, and in the fall of 1872 the Rev. Matthew B. Lourie became 
 pastor. He was succeeded in the fall of 1885 by Rev. John B. Worrall, who 
 remained until 1889. Rev. John Hood, D. D., was pastor until the congre- 
 gation called the Rev. Hamilton W. Spence, Lit. D., who retired in 1906. In 
 the summer of 1907 the Rev. Stuart M. Campbell, D. D., a graduate of Knox 
 College, class of 1888, became pastor, and remains in that office at the date 
 of this writing. 
 
 In the pastorate of Rev. Dr. John Hood the present splendid stone edifice was 
 erected on the corner of North Prairie and East Ferris streets, at a total cost 
 of about $70,000. '''::- 
 
 The church to-day reports about 550 members. The Bible school has a total 
 enrollment of 350. There are flourishing societies of women and young people 
 and a brotherhood of the men. In its board of trustees are Mr. Geo. C. Lescher, 
 chairman ; Mr. W. L. Steele, secretary, and Messrs. L. F. Wertman, Geo. E. 
 Sipherd, C. W. Hoyt, Geo. W. Kirby, Fred A. Dean, W. S. McQanahan, W. J. 
 Hayward, R. O. Housh, R. G. Sinclair and J. H. Waterman. The church ses- 
 sion is made up as follows : The pastor, moderator ; Mr. G. T. Sellew, clerk, 
 and Messrs. J. H. Losey, J. C. Fahnestock, J. N. Irwin, A. F. McComack, A. W. 
 Snyder, A. A. Sigsbee and R. N. Shaw. 
 
 In 1910 the congregation bought for a manse the property at the corner of 
 Losey and Prairie streets. It is a beautiful and permanent minister's home and 
 a valuable property. 
 
 The congregation has had in its ranks many of the leading educators, mer- 
 chants and business men of Galesburg, and it has contributed very largely to 
 the building of a lovely and substantial city. , .^ . - . 
 
 y'-/'"'y' './'>! C,'-^-" .:.';;:'.-/- JOHN KNOX CHURCH ;^ "' ^ : '':''- ''' 
 
 A very large interest attaches to the history of a church in Copley town- 
 ship which was known by the name of John Knox church. By referring to the .. 
 article on "The Scotch in Knox County" some facts concerning this church ', 
 will be found, and to those who cherish its memory these words will have the ' 
 deepest interest. It was indeed a "Scotch" church, as will be realized in the 
 list of names of the founders given in the article just referred to. This 
 church was organized under the direction of a committee of Schuyler presbytery, 
 on April 28, 1855, and for the church immortality was fondly predicted. Along -' 
 
618 . HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY -- 
 
 with many other country churches, it was abandoned some years ago, the 
 official close of its history occurring in 1900. The church was organized with 
 twenty-five members from the church at Knoxville. The ruling elders chosen 
 at the time were : Mr. Samuel McCornack, Mr. Lockhart Leighton, and Mr. 
 Richard S. Stuckey. The trusteees were: Mr. Peter McClymont, Mr. Peter 
 Gordon, Mr. William McCornack, Mr. James McCornack. From the records 
 it seems that Rev. I. T. Bliss was first pastor, serving about four years from 
 January, 1857. Rev. S. E. Vance was chosen pastor in 1863, and served about 
 five years, and Rev. W. S. Dool from 1873. In 1886, Rev. John Rugh was chosen 
 pastor, and continued in the field eleven years. There is much affection shown 
 by the descendants of the original families for this church, which is now history 
 rapidly becoming forgotten. . ; . , .- ' . 
 
 .. " THE KNOXVILLE PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH ' 
 
 The Presbyterian church at Knoxville was organized on the fourth of 
 July, 1835, by a committee of Schuyler presbytery, consisting of Rev. Romulus 
 Barnes and Rev. Robert Stewart. The organization comprised only seven mem- 
 bers at this meeting, but others soon united. David Hugg^ns and Parnach Owen 
 were elected to the office of ruling elders. The church, after a varied experience 
 of two generations, is now housed in a very neat and commodious building. It is 
 well adapted to the needs of the congregation in all its departments. It is 
 valued at $16,000. A modern manse has just been completed, in which the pastor 
 and family are happily domiciled. The value of this home is about $6,000. V; 
 
 The list of ministers who have served this people for 77 years is as follows: 
 E. P. Noel, J. J. Miter, Thomas Cole, L. K. Hawley, W. F. Fraser, G. W. Gale, 
 T. S. Vail, W. Y. Miller, C. Waterbury, James Bassett, N. Barrett, Samuel 
 Wyckoff, G. N. Johnson, D. G. Bradford, J. D. Fitzgerald, John M. Waddle, 
 W. H. Mason. The present pastor is Alvin R. Mathes, who is doing a strong 
 work, and is greatly appreciated by his people and the community. The ses- 
 sion of the church is now composed of Horace L. Bailey, Thomas C. Love, Dr. 
 Lewis Becker, Charles T. Chase, Frank Y. Harmony, T. B. Park, Nathan 
 Anderson and Ira J. Lewis. The board of trustees is : Ira J. Lewis, Nathan 
 Anderson, F. G. Shermeyer, Enos R. Lacy and William W. McBride. The 
 Sunday-school officers are : Nathan Anderson, superintendent ; Ira J. Lewis, as- 
 sistant ; William W. McBride, treasurer ; John Sanders, assistant secretary ; 
 Harry A. Parmenter, secretary ; Miss Amanda C. Lightner, superintendent of 
 the home department. Six missionary organizations for men, women and 
 young people, together with a Christian endeavor society, also help make a most 
 efficient church. 
 
 . -,'.:/^' - ONEIDA FIRST PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH . .''^'.- ...' 
 
 May 4, 1863, a committee appointed by Schuyler presbytery, consisting of 
 schoolhouse No. 3, in Ontario, Knox county, to organize a Presbyterian church 
 Rev. I. N. Candee, Rev. C. B. Bristol and Elder Alexander Milroy, met in 
 in answer to a petition signed by many of the citizens of that town. 
 
 Rev. C. B. Bristol preached a sermon after which the committee proceeded 
 
J/n V -; ; HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY 7 C; 619 
 
 to organize the church, receiving from the Presbyterian church of Altona some 
 14 members and from Heathland, 4 more. The congregation then elected 'as 
 elders the following men, Joseph Findley and James B. Ralston, who were 
 formally installed. The name of the church was to be the First Presbyterian 
 Church of Ontario, Illinois. .' \ 
 
 The first pastor was Rev. S. C. Vance, who continued with this church 
 four years. At a meeting of Warren presbytery, which was held at the John 
 Knox church, September, 1865. the name of the church was changed to the 
 '- First Presbyterian Church of Oneida, > 
 
 IV' The first church building was probably built in the year 1865, as the con- 
 gregational expense of that year is given as $3,627, and no other account is 
 given of building, until December, 1869, a note in the minutes of the session 
 gives thanks that the church destroyed by a storm on May 5, 1868, had been 
 replaced by a better and larger one. The names of many stated supplies are 
 given in the records, but no name seems to be retained longer than that of Rev. 
 '.''? ]. Reed Stuart, who seems to have been pastor about five years. In 1871, there 
 .' is an account of a memorial bell being put in place at a cost of $290. 
 
 Rev. S. L. Allison was pastor for four years, October, 1880, to 1884. .;;:'. 
 ;V Rev. J. Rugh, pastor for four years, 1886 to 1890. .- .. . > . 
 
 Rev. E. M. Clingan, pastor from 1897 to 1900. ,':..' 'V .3 
 Rev. 0. C. Dale, 1901 to 1902. . .-r :-' :-.- 
 
 ''.-. Rev. R. S. Strain, from 1905 to 1908. During this last pastorate the church 
 building was remodeled at a cost of over $2,000. .: - "; 
 
 The pastorate of Rev. C. F. Wilson began in July, 1909, and continues at 
 this writing. The congregation is a substantial one. The church officers are 
 ^ as follows: ; ^-"^ :.;'""...'- s;-;, 
 
 Trustees John Mitchell, John Milroy, Douglas McCullouch, J. Frank Ep- 
 ' person, William McKie. 
 
 -. Session Martin Gehring, I. P. Mitchell, W. G. Glenn, Peter McKissick, 
 V; William McCornack. 
 
 Superintendent of Bible School W. Y. Glenn. : ' ; A ; 
 
 Ladies' Aid Society Executive Committee Mrs. I. P. Mitchell, Mrs. James 
 " Taggart, Mrs. Charles Dugan. 
 
 Endeavor Society Miss Ethel McKie, president ; Miss Lulu Mitchell, sec- 
 V retary. :';''' :.'-. -'.';::; ' '.'; :' .''^'-'',''^=^';^- 
 
 '- J ,;. -, . 
 
 Brotherhood S. P. Mitchell, president; Frank Epperson, secretary. ;-..'.'/ 
 
 ' y^^ V^V; '^ ^^ THE FIRST PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH OF YATES CITY -' ;V-:v . ,:^. ^ v;". 
 
 Was organized by a committee appointed by the presbytery of Peoria, at 
 
 Henry, Illinois, on October 20, 1866. The committee consisted of Rev. J. H. 
 .;^- Smith, Rev. Thos. Stevenson and Elder John Marshall of Farmington, Illinois. 
 ; This committee was to visit Yates City and if the way be clear was to organize 
 
 .:, a church, and said committee was authorized to make application to the board 
 of "domestic missions" through the standing committee for the sum of $200 
 ,\. to support, for one year, such missionary as the committee may send to the field. 
 : The following is the committee's report : 
 
 The committee appointed to organize a church at Yates City, Illinois, would 
 /'respectfully submit the following report: .; . .: --.,,, 
 
620 HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY '-;:;:. 4.^: 
 
 At a meeting duly called and held in Y. C. November i6, 1866, a church was 
 organized with i8 members. Mr. Joseph Cunningham and W. B. Mathews 
 were elected and ordained elders. ,: - . - , ' 
 
 The session records recite that the committee met in the schoolhouse on the 
 evening of November i6, 1866, in Yates City and after a sermon by Rev. Thomas 
 Stevenson, of the committee, an enrollment was made of those desiring a church 
 organization and the following named persons were enrolled as charter members : 
 Mr. Robert Mathews (he is now 96 years old and comes to church occasionally), 
 Mrs. Clarinda Mathews, Mr. Joseph Cunningham, Mrs. Sarah Cunningham, Mrs. 
 C. A. McKissick, Mrs. Sarah E. Bryson, Mr. W. B. Mathews, Mrs. Esther 
 Mathews, John Mathews, W. W. Mathews, Joseph Mooney, Mrs. Susan 
 Mooney, John Graver, Mrs. Mary Graver. . i .>:..:.. 
 
 . All these were from the Presbyterian church at Elmwood. 
 
 Nelson Cunningham and Mrs. Lizzie Cunningham and Theodore Cunningham 
 were from the Presbyterian church at French Grove, Illinois. All were ad- 
 mitted by letter. '.'-;.' i ':..>/ 
 Joseph Cunningham and W. B. Mathews were elected, ordained and installed 
 as elders. And John C. Bryson, John D. Huey and Elder W. B. Mathews 
 were elected trustees. The meeting closed with prayer. 
 
 ^ K; ' ' ^ '..: THOMAS STEVENSON, ''':\'^. 
 
 ".'^f/-;-/ ' .-.:.,'.: ':"''.' J- H. SMITH, .,,| ;:-'.'..;;:! 
 
 ' ';^ ;-: ; , . ' JOHN MARSHALL, 
 
 ' . Committee of Presbytery. 
 
 The church, which cost something more than $3,000, was dedicated Decem- 
 ber 6, 1867. Rev. J. H. Smith was the first pastor and entered upon his labor 
 with the organization November i6, 1866, and continued with the church till 
 May, 1870. Other ministers have served the church as follows : 
 
 Rev. J. E. Carothers, October i6, 1870, to September 26, 1874. 
 : Rev. L. D. Wells, December 25, 1874, to October 6, 1877. 
 , Rev. L. C. Little, August 24, 1878, to June 20, 1880. ,- ,- 
 Rev. C. F. Carson, June 2, i88i, to March lo, 1883. ;: j 
 Rev. J. L. Heming, April 12, 1884, to March 9, 1887. ' .' ; 
 Rev. C. C. B. Duncan, June 4, 1887, to September 27, 1890. =' 
 Rev. J. L. Clark, September 27, 1891, to April 6, 1895. . - 
 Rev. Wm. Parsons, June 25, 1895, to April lo, 1897. t- =' 
 ;.. Rev. D. M. Ross, November 28, 1897, to April 30, 1899. 
 
 Rev. W. H. Qatworthy, Jr., June 12, 1899, to May i, 1901. 
 
 i: Rev. Geo. E. Young, July, 1901, to April, 1903. -.V 
 
 Rev. M. M. Cooper, September 7, 1903, to 1904. ;._ 
 
 Rev. W. J. Manifold, August 6, 1904, to August lo, 1908. 
 
 Rev. S. A. Teague, January 20, 1909, to February 27, 1912, when he re- 
 
 signed. -/ : - '.^ ;r.-'.":V,-;.':^-'- '\-':-.^-^-^'.'r '. /:l^:/-;.'!;^--''-^-vv-' 
 
 The Sabbath school was organized in 1867, by G. N. Pierce and was by 
 him superintended for one year, when W. B. Mathews was chosen and con- 
 tinued in this office till his death, December, 1890. Leslie McKeighan is the 
 present (January, 1912) superintendent, having served in this capacity for 
 three years. In December, 1910, the church session assumed full control of 
 the Sunday school. The result is a well organized school, there being nine 
 working organized classes. 
 
' '- > HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY ' 
 
 The Ladies' Missionary society was organized in May, 1875. The first of- 
 ficers were: President, Mrs. Ella B. Smith; vice president, Miss Nannie Smith; 
 secretary, Mrs. Mary Broadfield; treasurer, Mrs. W. B. Mathews. 
 
 The Y. P. S. C. E. was organized May 5, 1886, and during these 26 
 years has been a strong and active society of Christian workers. Will Allen, ? 
 the present president, has held this position for nearly three years. The society 
 has 44 members. 
 
 The Bethany chapter of the Westminster guild was organized in May, 1909, 
 with eight charter members. Miss Ethel Mathews was elected president and 
 Mrs. Teague, leader. A course of study was adopted and has been pursued 
 during these three years with much interest and profit. The society now has 
 36 members and has met regularly since its organization. This was the third 
 like society to be organized in Peoria presbytery. 
 
 The Westminster circle was organized in August, 1911, with 9 charter 
 members. Mrs. Teague was elected leader and Mrs. Leslie McKeighan and 
 Miss Ethel Mathews, patronesses. A course of study was adopted and they 
 met bi-weekly. There are now 14 members. . :. .'.''.V:-^ V 
 
 ,;:';;'. . . ' GIFTS TO THE CHURCH '' ':ir -^ ^' -..";' 
 
 James McKeighan, just before his death in 1885, made the church a present 
 of a manse valued at $i,ooo. In 1890, this property was sold and a new manse 
 built on a lot adjoining the church. The building cost $1,865. 
 
 In February, 1900, Mrs. Elizabeth McKeighan, the wife of James Mc- 
 Keighan, bequeathed to the church $1,500, to be appropriated to the building of 
 a new church, which was completed in 1903, at a cost of $8,500 in cash and 
 about $1,200 in work of laborers. 
 
 On February 27, Mr. S. A. Teague resigned to accept the pastorate at 
 
 Altona, Illinois, leaving the church at this writing without a pastor. The 
 
 elders are, L. A. Lawrence, John S. Mathews, George Montgomery, Will 
 
 Allen, Leslie McKeighan and Dwight F. Lawrence. Trustees : John S. Mathews, 
 
 . George Mathews, Janies Hensley, Miss Dora Thurman and Mrs. Olive Mathews. 
 
 :; :'../; V ; CHERRY GROVE SEMINARY.; 
 
 .:v:''v ^'^':'; '::/;'.;;; :---^'"-:. BY M. C. BATES. cT---^, .^. 
 
 The country along the Cumberland river, just to the north and east of 
 Nashville, Tennessee, was in an early day called Cumberland. This region 
 lay in both Tennessee and Kentucky, and was in extent equal to several large 
 counties. Some of the earliest settlements of middle Tennessee were in this 
 part of the state. The people were largely of Scotch-Irish descent and were 
 also largely of the Presbyterian faith. The churches of this Cumberland coun- 
 try were in what was called the Cumberland presbytery of the Presbyterian 
 church. About the beginning of the nineteenth century, when a great revival of 
 religion was prevailing in that country, this presbytery ordanied to preach 
 
622 ; HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY :^^^^' 
 
 several men who were allowed to make exception to certain parts of the West- 
 minster confession of faith, so called Hyper Calvinistic, which they thought 
 taught the doctrine of Fatalism. They accepted the book, however, for "sub- 
 stance" of doctrine. The higher church courts in reviewing the action of the 
 presbytery refused to concur in what the presbytery had done. After all efforts 
 to harmonize the differences between the parties had failed, the general as- 
 sembly dissolved Cumberland presbytery. The men who had been ordained 
 with the reservation as above given, organized themselves into what they again 
 called Cumberland presbytery. This was done on the 4th of February, i8io. 
 The new presbytery grew rapidly. Other presbyteries were soon organized, and 
 they together took the name "Cumberland Presbyterian church." In a few 
 years, the new church spread into nearly all the adjoining states. These men 
 were stanchly evangelical and strong, forceful preachers. In the earlier days 
 especially, they lived close to the people, sharing with them the self-denials 
 and hardship, incident to pioneer life. This helped to give them great influence 
 with the people. The church buildings of the time would not hold the people 
 that came together to hear them preach. It was during this period and under 
 these conditions that the practice of holding camp meetings was first started. 
 
 These preachers followed with the tide of emigration into the newer states 
 and aided, not only in establishing churches, but also in starting common schools. 
 And as soon as it was at all practicable, schools also were established where 
 young men and young women who were growing up in such vast numbers 
 might have the advantages of a better education than could be had at the 
 common schools. Later they founded colleges in many of the states, v r . <: 
 
 In the year 1905, almost exactly a century after the separation, these two 
 Presbyterian churches were reunited into one body, not, however, until in the 
 year 1902, the mother church had modified or qualified her declaration of be- 
 lief on the points that had been the cause of the separation. 
 
 In the year 1831, Joseph Latimer, ST., with some of his family came to 
 Knox county, settling on section 29, Cedar township. In 1832, his son, Jona- 
 than Latimer, and family came, settling on section 28. In 1834, Alexander 
 Latimer, another son, and family came to the same township and settled on 
 section 21. Mrs. Sarah Boren, a widowed daughter of Joseph Latimer, came 
 with him and settled on section 29, near her father. George G. Latimer, who 
 also came with his father, was married in 1832, and settled on section 29. Urbin 
 D. Coy married, in 1833, Susan Latimer, Joseph Latimer's youngest daughter. 
 They settled a little later on section 21. These people came here from the 
 "Cumberland country," in Tennessee and Kentucky, and were most of them 
 members of the Cumberland Presbyterian church. In 1835, nearly all of them, 
 together with others of like faith, were organized into the Cherry Grove Cum- 
 berland Presbyterian church in the house of Joseph Latimer, by the Rev. James 
 Stockton. They worshipped for a time in a log schoolhouse situated near where 
 is located the Cherry Grove cemetery. In 1836, a frame church was built about 
 eighty rods to the northeast of this first schoolhouse, in a beautiful walnut and 
 ' sugar maple grove just at the edge of the prairie. The following are the names 
 of the charter members of the Cherry Grove Cumberland Presbyterian church, 
 organized June 20, 1835 : Mrs. Susan Coy, John Crawford, Mrs. Elizabeth 
 Crawford, Joseph Latimer, Mrs. Ann Latimer, George G. Latimer, Mrs. Rebecca 
 
'^^: - -: V HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY - 
 
 Latimer, Alexander Latimer, Mrs. Eunice Latimer, John Howard, Mrs. Ellen 
 Howard, Miss Ellen Howard, Mrs. Nancy Lomax. 
 
 It has been difficult to fix definitely the date when Cherry Grove seminary 
 was started. The early records have been lost. But fortunately there are still 
 living those who have aided greatly in determining the date. J. W. Stephens 
 is clear in his memory that "there was a boarding school" at Cherry Grove when 
 he came to the neighborhood in 1838 and that it was called "Cherry Grove semi- 
 nary." Others recall the names of a Mr. Seymoure and Elias Byram, who taught 
 the school at about this time. This agrees also with the judgment and tradi- 
 tions of the older people who have had the best opportunity to know, that the 
 school was started in this newly erected church building in 1837. 
 
 A charter was obtained from the state legislature in 1840. In 1841, Novem- 
 ber 1st, Rev. Cyrus Haynes, a college graduate and an experienced and capable 
 teacher, took charge as principal of Cherry Grove seminary. For eight years 
 under Mr. Haynes' management the school prospered. In his time a consider- 
 able addition was built adjoining the church to afford more room for the school. 
 In 1849 another advance step was taken. A large substantial two-story frame 
 building, 40x56 feet, was erected, the lower story for a chapel and church pur- 
 poses, the upper story arranged for recitation and other school purposes. Mr. 
 Haynes was followed by a succession of strong, wide-awake teachers, among 
 them Rev. J. M. B. Roach, O. H. Baker, Rev. J. C. Wagamon and others, all 
 of whom did good work and under whose management the school continued to 
 prosper. There came to the school a fine class of young people, earnest and 
 enthusiastic, and always loyal to the school. There was a successful literary 
 society the Upsilon and a semi-monthly paper, the Cherry Leaf, edited by 
 the students. Also in later years music was taught. . - . > 
 
 The school was in a sense under the advice and patronage of the Rushville 
 presbytery of the Cumberland Presbyterian church. Many young men studying 
 for the ministry were encouraged to come here. There were students from a 
 large part of Western Illinois, and they came also from Iowa, Missouri and 
 Kentucky. Some fitted themselves here for college, entering the best colleges 
 of the time in the sophomore and sometimes the junior classes. A larger num- 
 ber prepared for teaching, others for entering upon the study of law or medi- 
 cine, and all were inspired with the hope of a successful and useful life. A very 
 large per cent of those who were students here made a good record in after 
 life. Some indeed remarkably so. 
 
 There were grouped about Cherry Grove seminary grounds and within a 
 half mile ten or twelve houses where these students were boarded, or, as was 
 sometimes the case, boarded themselves. Besides these, homes from a mile to a 
 mile and a half away took students to board when it was necessary. 
 
 In the year 1866 there was located at Lincoln, Illinois, a college by the Cum- 
 berland Presbyterian churches of the state. This school was intended to take 
 the place of two or three schools then in existence similar to the one at Cherry 
 Grove and make of all one strong college. This action, together with the fact 
 that there were at that time two colleges in Galesburg and two in Abingdon and 
 one or two in Knoxville, made it apparent that there was no longer a demand 
 for Cherry Grove seminary, and accordingly in 1866 the school was closed. The 
 library that had been collected was sent to the Lincoln college. Thus after a 
 
624 HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY 
 
 career of marked usefulness for a period of nearly thirty years was this action 
 taken. "'';'.';.:',.' '-':." V'''--\-i'- >/':,".!.:..-. /^' '' 
 
 The same year the church erected a house of worship in Abingdon, which 
 was dedicated in February of 1867. This is still their church home. 
 
 In i88i, by a vote of the congregation, they changed their fellowship in a ' 
 
 body from the Cumberland Presbyterian church to that of the Congregational 
 church. This action was taken without any change in belief, they retaining the 
 same articles of faith. It was done for the sake of closer fellowship with the 
 churches in the nearer vicinity. 
 
 In maintaining Cherry Grove seminary all the community joined heartily. 
 Many sacrifices were necessary and were made cheerfully. In some respects the ;: :! 
 burdens fell heaviest on the women who, with meager facilities for doing so, ; 
 
 and very small pay, had to care for the students and see that they had as com- 
 fortable homes as possible while at school. Some of the students were poor and ' 
 some of the young men were studying for the ministry and were to be encour- 
 aged in every way possible. Among the many unselfish and devoted women who 
 helped in this one is worthy of especial mention because of her long service and . = 
 her helpful influence. Mrs. George G. Latimer, whose maiden name was Re- 
 becca Drennan, was a native of Kentucky. Her father, William Drennan, who 
 was a native of Pennsylvania, had moved to Sangfamon county, Illinois, from v 
 Kentucky in i8i8 and had settled a few miles south of Springfield, where he ' 
 was living, a man of prominence, in the fall of 1831, when Mr. Latimer chanced 
 to stop over night with Mr. Drennan, when on a business trip to Vandalia, then :/:;!; 
 the capital of the state. The next spring, in June, the soldiers of the Black : , 
 Hawk war were discharged. Mr. Latimer, who had been serving in this war .: 
 as lieutenant of the "Knox county rangers," was now free, and in the following >... 
 fall again visited William Drennan's home, this time to bring away with him ^' 
 Mr. Drennan's daughter, Rebecca, as his wife. The wedding trip was a journey ;:-'/ 
 from Sangamon county to Knox county on horseback. Mrs. Latimer was but ':'. 
 eighteen years old at this time. She was of the same religious faith as her hus- .'. 
 band. She entered heartily into his plans for the home building that was al- , 
 ready started on section 29, Cedar township, and also for the new church and >', .' 
 school that was soon to follow. When Cherry Grove seminary was started '-;! 
 George Latimer, with his father and brothers, Jonathan and Alexander, were ^ ' 
 among the active leaders in the move and gave much of their time and liberally 
 of their means in forwarding the enterprise. George Latimer's home was but 
 about sixty rods from the seminary and church building, and every interest that .1. 
 pertained to either always received a cheerful and hearty support from Mrs. 
 Latimer. She was with the foremost in entertaining comers, and goers and al- 
 ways of course without thought of pay. When the school was started and from 
 that time on her home was always full of students and at almost a nominal price V 
 for board. Her sympathy for and helpfulness to young men were a marked .' 
 . feature of her life. When Dennis Clark, who for eighteen years served so ac- 
 ceptably as judge of the Knox county court, was sixteen years old, an orphan, . ; 
 and living where he had but little chance for advancement, left Sangamon county , /' 
 he came directly to George Latimer's, having known Mrs. Latimer before her -.X 
 marriage. Here for twelve years, or until his marriage in 1845, he found en- : 
 couragement and a congenial home. Judge Clark always held Mrs. Latimer in -.:; 
 grateful esteem and affection. w 
 
- ' ' HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY ^^ (525 
 
 In 1848 Mrs. Latimer's first great sorrow came. In the space of two weeks 
 her husband and three children were taken by death, two of the children being 
 buried in one grave. With this crushing bereavement came the exhibition of 
 her strong character. Left with the entire care of a young family, in addition 
 to her household duties, she now took the management of the farm. Her only 
 son was but ten years old. Beside her watchful care and training of her five 
 children her management of the farm and stock upci it was equal to that of the 
 best farmers in the neighborhood. Meanwhile she in no degree relaxed her 
 interest in the school. In 1858 Louis Hanback, an orphan boy sixteen or seven- 
 teen years old, from Camp Point, Illinois, came to the seminary. He was with- 
 out money, but he was a wide-awake, ambitious youth. At first he tried self- 
 boarding, but soon Mrs. Latimer learned of his ambition to get an education 
 and took him to her home, where he remained until the beginning of the Civil 
 war, when he enlisted and served until it was over. He then studied law and 
 went west. Later, in 1880, he was elected to congress from a Kansas district. 
 On his way to Washington he stopped to visit with his friend and benefactress 
 and to tell her of his success. She appeared to be as pleased and happy as if 
 he were her own son. 
 
 These cases, here given, show the characteristics which were dominant through 
 Mrs. Latimer's whole life. 
 
 It is fitting to mention here one other life. Mrs. Latimer had but one son, 
 William Drennan Latimer. Aifter attending Cherry Grove seminary he was 
 graduated from Knox College and Albany, New York, Law School. Without 
 coming home from Albany he went directly into his country's service. In the 
 fall of 1864 while on shipboard off Fortress Monroe he died of yellow fever 
 and was buried at sea. .' ' ' > 
 
 ^. : ; >^ CONGREGATIONALISM AND THE HISTORY OF ^^' ^:-:^ 
 
 ^^ -:::.. :;^'\ CONGREGATIONAL CHURCHES IN Vv.:/^V' 
 '^-^x'V- ;:.';? -. KNOX COUNTY .-'.:V^' ;-rV -.:^> 
 
 '.--.'""-'.''''. .''' . '^ ''''''''.''-' 
 
 X" '; o .V BY REV. DAVID FALES, JR. , ~; ^ i -? 
 
 "''.'.::;' .v: '.;^'-' -f ;/.':> ^^v.; . '-/-.' ,/'' .V --'^-/i;::-''- -.>'; 
 
 .'... Congregationalism is a term which may be applied either to a method of . 
 ;. church government or to a particular group of Protestant churches. In its ' 
 ; r first and broader significance it describes one of the three main types of the 
 /; ecclesiastical polity, the others being Episcopal and Presbyterian. In Congrega- 
 tional polity authority is vested in the congregation whence the name rather 
 , than in bishops or elders; and is thus fundamentally democratic in principle. 
 V This usage of the word Congregationalism appropriately describes the polity of 
 ; various religious bodies, such as the Baptists, the Plymouth Brethren, the 
 
 Christians, the Disciples of Christ, the Unitarians, the Universalists and the i: 
 r Hebrew synagogue as well as of the "Congregationalists." -- ' 
 
 The second and more limited significance of the word is found in its ap- ;. 
 y... plication to this last group of churches. These churches. Congregational in their 
 :- government and "Evangelical" in doctrine, have persisted through a common 
 history, dating from the very origins of Congregational theory during the reign . V 
 
 Vol. 140 
 
828 HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY 
 
 of Elizabeth, down through many generations of common hardships, co-opera- 
 tive undertakings, and mutual understanding; and have established a recog- 
 nized relationship with one another in their various lands, and to some extent 
 in international fraternal union. These are by historical descent and common 
 acceptance the Congregational churches proper. 
 
 .; /- : ''';':,. ._'-;v> 'POLITY :',V'.';'^vv:''''''' "''*''''' 
 
 Congregational polity contains three fundamental principles, embodied in 
 the three words, covenant, autonomy, and fellowship. 
 
 The covenant is that agreement by which any group of individual Christians 
 may form themselves into a congregation, for worship, sacrament and Christian 
 activity. By this covenant the rights of individuals are acknowledged and each 
 individual at the same time admits his responsibility for the common welfare. 
 
 Autonomy is the principle of independent self-government by which any 
 congregation so formed makes itself a complete church, not subject to other 
 ecclesiastical authority outside itself. Such a congregation chooses its own 
 minister, admits its own members and defines its own doctrines. 
 
 Fellowship is the bond of obligation which any autonomous congregation or 
 church acknowledges as a basis of co-operation with other churches similarly 
 minded. Examples of such fellowships in the United States today are, local 
 associations, state associations, and, since 1871, the national council, besides mort 
 informal congregational clubs, ordaining councils, and congresses. Such fel- 
 lowships have no authority save that of persuasion, no power save that of ad- 
 vice, and no restraint over the conduct of any church except in freedom at any 
 time to withdraw fellowship. 
 
 -.' ;".::Ii :;-':, V : ; '. '.:: ./' DOCTRINE '^v'';,.-^.'./ '-':-'''';-' 
 
 The doctrinal position of present day Congregationalism is that common 
 Protestantism known as "Evangelical." This position has been reached, how- 
 ever, by means of a process of many successive modifications of the pure Calvin- 
 ism of the English reformation from which Anglicanism, Presbyterianism and 
 Congregationalism had their birth. In spite of the liberty given their individual 
 opinions, Congregationalists as a body, have been, on the whole, in general agree- 
 ment, as they have progressed through these various modifications. 
 
 .;, HISTORY 
 
 It is in its history that Congregationalism finds its distinctive feature. It 
 shares its government and its doctrine with many bodies, but it has developed 
 out of a rich past experience peculiar to itself. Common hardships, common 
 enterprises, and common hopes, have served to hold together scattered churches 
 to which common ancestry and traditions have given considerable solidarity. 
 Differences in history are gradually coming to be the only important differences 
 between the Protestant denominations. Such traditions may be more or less 
 valuable in different bodies; but to each, its own past is the most valuable, 
 because it is its own. So long as mutual understanding in doctrine and co-opera- 
 
z 
 
 H 
 
 o 
 
 H 
 
 Z 
 > 
 
 r 
 o 
 
 G 
 
' HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY 
 
 of Elizabeth, down through many generations of common hardships, co-opera- 
 tive undertakings, and mutual understanding; and have established a recog- 
 nized relationship with one another in their various lands, and to some extent 
 in international fraternal union. These are by historical descent and common 
 acceptance the Congregational churches proper. 
 
 .: POLITY . ' 
 
 ': Congregational polity contains three fundamental principles, embodied in 
 the three words, covenant, autonomy, and fellowship. 
 
 The covenant is that agreement by which any group of individual Christians 
 niay form themselves into a congregation, for worship, sacrament and Christian 
 activity. By this covenant the rights of individuals are acknowledged and each 
 individual at the same time admits his responsibility for the common welfare. 
 
 Autonomy is the principle of independent self-government by which any 
 congregation so formed makes itself a complete church, not subject to other 
 ecclesiastical authority outside itself. Such a congregation chooses its own 
 minister, admits its own members and defines its own doctrines. j ' 
 
 Fellowship is the bond of obligation which any autonomous congregation or 
 church acknowledges as a basis of co-operation with other churches similarly 
 minded. Examples of such fellowships in the United States today are, local 
 associations, state associations, and. since 1871, the national council, besides more 
 informal congregational clubs, ordaining councils, and congresses. Such fel- 
 lowships have no authority save that of persuasion, no power save that of ad- 
 vice, and no restraint over the conduct of any church except in freedom at any 
 time to withdraw fellowship. 
 
 DOCTRINE . : v 
 
 The doctrinal position of present day Congregationalism is that common 
 Protestantism known as "Evangelical." This position has been reached, how- 
 ever, by means of a process of many successive modifications of the pure Calvin- 
 ism of the English reformation from which Anglicanism, Presbyterianism and 
 Congregationalism had their birth. In spite of the liberty given their individual 
 opinions, Congregationalists as a body, have been, on the whole, in general agree- 
 ment, as they have progressed through these various modifications. 
 
 : V HISTORY ' 
 
 It is in its history that Congregationalism finds its distinctive feature. It 
 shares its government and its doctrine with many bodies, but it has developed 
 out of a rich past experience peculiar to itself. Common hardships, common 
 enterprises, and common hopes, have served to hold together scattered churches 
 to which common ancestry and traditions have given considerable solidarity. 
 Differences in history are gradually coming to be the only important differences 
 between the Protestant denominations. Such traditions may be more or less 
 valuable in different bodies; but to each, its own past is the most valuable, 
 because it is its own. So long as mutual understanding in doctrine and co-opera- 
 
; HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY ; ; ; 627 
 
 tion in Christian work increases, each has the more right to the inspiration of its 
 own peculiar heritage. Congregationalism may rightly take pride in its history. 
 
 ^r'v '/'''/''-''-;.';.- ''V'"'''-'' ENGLISH ORIGINS -'l.^'J ''';''' 
 
 Puritanism, out of which Congregationalism grew, was the indirect product 
 of the reformation in England, and the direct product of the translation of 
 the Bible into English. The reading of the Bible developed during the last half 
 of the sixteenth century a group of spiritually-minded Christians of inde- 
 pendent thought who intensely hated the abuses of the Anglican church of the 
 period. The result was Puritanism, a definite, sincere and powerful effort to re- 
 form "purify" the church from within. At first a reaction against "Romanist" 
 ritual and worldly clergy, etc., it became a systematized opposition to the whole 
 theory of priesthood and to the state control of the church ; in the end it became 
 an arraignment of the English monarchical theory of state. The Puritans had 
 the courage of their convictions. As king-baiters they had good biblical ex- 
 amples in Elijah and Amos ; as church makers they found a simple and demo- 
 cratic model in the early Apostolic church, and right sturdily did they attempt 
 to follow both models. The opposition such men aroused was naturally bitter. 
 Such opposition was primarily political in its animus, but to these Bible-reading, 
 independence-loving, hard-fighting individualists, the whole movement was the 
 cause of God. It was destined to cost Charles the First his head, George the 
 Third his colonies, and was to impose on both English and American constitu- 
 tions the principle of individual rights ; it must perforce, therefore, have had 
 its birth in intense religious zeal. 
 
 Separatism went even farther. It developed early as the radical wing of 
 Puritanism, urging the futility of reform from within, the complete withdrawal 
 of true Christians from the church, and the setting up of autonomous congre- 
 gations subservient neither to clergy nor state. This group was from the first 
 fiercely persecuted. Those of its adherents who escaped hanging were forced 
 either to meet secretly or to flee to the more tolerant atmosphere of Holland. It 
 was one of these separatist groups, meeting privately in William Brewster's 
 manor at Scrooby, where it had organized as a church about 1608, that had to 
 flee to Amsterdam, in 1609, later removing to Leyden. There was concocted 
 the plan for establishing a new home for themselves in the new world, and after 
 twelve years as sojourners with the Dutch, the congregation of Scrooby, now 
 ."Pilgrims," landed on Plymouth Rock from the Mayflower. . . 
 
 ''" '-V/'-" ''--^^r^ ".''; -'^vr-'';' EARLY AMERICAN HISTORY ^::'-^': '*?.-" 
 
 The Separatist Pilgrims who landed at Plymouth, in 1620, were confronted 
 with a new problem, namely, that of creating a civil government for themselves. 
 Their solution was simple ; they made their church their government, and in so 
 doing, they unconsciously created a much more rigid theory of a church state 
 than that which they had so bitterly hated in England and one which was to 
 prove hospitable to all the evils of such a system intolerance, bigotry and 
 injustice. Nevertheless, we must not forget that the compact signed in the 
 Mayflower's cabin outlined practically the first pure democracy in the world and 
 
628 V HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY 
 
 that it contained within itself the germs of the coming American republic. For 
 a hundred years the history of Congregationalism is the history of New England. 
 
 What was an efficient type of self-government for 102 Rlgrims proved an 
 adequate system as well to the thousands of English colonists who came in dur- 
 ing the seventeenth century. The Puritan emigrants who came to Salem, Boston 
 and elsewhere in great numbers, driven out by the persecutions of Archbishop 
 Laud under James the First and Charles the First, did not originally intend to 
 separate from the Church of England. But in a new land, away from all ec- 
 clesiastical establishments, and under the influence of the Plymouth settlers, they 
 became independent congregations first of necessity, then of conviction and 
 choice and established fellowship with the Plymouth church. Thus after nearly 
 a generation Puritans and Separatists (the Pilgrims) became reunited in New 
 England, and the result is the beginning of Congregationalism proper in America. 
 
 Beside its system of government, certain other important features character- 
 ized early New England Congregationalism. One was the educational ideal, an- 
 other the missionary spirit, a third the reforming temperament. 
 
 Churches depending on careful interpretation of the Bible demanded care- 
 fully trained Bible students as leaders, and colleges for this purpose were essen- 
 tial features of the Congregational plan. Harvard was founded in 1636, Yale in 
 1701. This ideal has ever since marked all Congregational work and progress. 
 Congregationalists have founded altogether in the United States forty-five col- 
 leges, eight theological seminaries and innumerable lesser schools. This prin- 
 ciple was applied in the vigorous work prosecuted for the negroes before and 
 after the Civil war by the American Missionary Association. It was the main 
 purpose of the New West Education Commission organized to help pioneer towns 
 in the far west. It has been recognized so thoroughly in the work of the Amer- 
 ican Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions that this organization alone 
 is responsible for one hundred and thirteen colleges and high schools, thirteen 
 theological seminaries and over twelve hundred lesser schools in all parts of the 
 world. Further, the New England ideal of self-government depended for its 
 best success upon developing intelligent individuals, so school education for 
 everyone was provided. Out of this grew later the American common-school 
 system. 
 
 The 'missionary spirit of the New England churches found its most notable 
 embodiment in the work of John Eliot for the Indians. He translated the Bible 
 for them in 1671 and by 1675 there were six Indian churches with four thou- 
 sand converts. During the next century the missionary spirit was dampened by 
 the controversial and doctrinal questions growing out of the great awakening 
 under Jonathan Edwards and Whitfield, 1734 to 1750, but by the end of the 
 century, when the excitement caused by the Revolution had subsided, Congre- 
 gationalism entered upon a new period of expansion. After 1791 revival work 
 again became prominent with results that far surpassed the Edwardian period. 
 Meanwhile new settlements were growing up in Vermont, New York and across 
 the Alleghanies. These called forth a new exercise of missionary spirit. Socie- 
 ties were formed for this purpose in 1798, 1800 and 1809. The year i8io saw 
 also the organization of the American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Mis- 
 sions. As time went on new needs were always provided for by new organiza- 
 tions, whether for work among negroes, Indians and Eskimos or for building 
 churches and schools in frontier towns. ' ." ' 
 
".':,, ;';;;:^ HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY - -" 29 
 
 -:^--;:-'-:--';.;"^-^' "::"- ^.-':/ 
 
 The reform temperament found ample opportunity for its expression during 
 colonial times. In the war of Revolution and the events leading thereto it estab- 
 lished itself forever as one of the powerful influences of American life. It is in 
 the years following, however, that we find it appearing vigorously in Congre- 
 gational churches, now as anti-slavery or even abolition movements, and now 
 as temperance propaganda. Later on, in Knox county, we shall find the Con- 
 gregational churches of Knox county worthily living up to their traditions, in 
 temperance agitation, in the underground railway and, in recent times, as public 
 spirited law enforcement and thoroughgoing opposition to the low and corrupt ; 
 ideals of citizenship all too influential in political life and city government. 
 
 :,'; ;\O>-.v-'-;.;^; ;-::'.jV:; -' . THE PLAN OF UNION '/; ^';'', ''"':' ./;'.. 
 
 During the early years of the nineteenth century the rapid growth of popu- 
 lation and prosperity drew out a corresponding missionary zeal from some of 
 the older established religious bodies. The relations of Congregationalists and 
 Presbyterians during this period are especially interesting for the light they throw 
 on the early church history of Galesburg and Knox county. In all the home mis- 
 sionary enterprises in the newly settled regions of New York, Ohio and the 
 middle states after iScxD, the Congregationalists found themselves working hand 
 in hand with the Presbyterians in friendly and mutual understanding. As a 
 result the "plan of union" of i8oi was drawn up to promote the mutual for- 
 bearance and co-operation of the two denominations in all new communities. It 
 was a wholly honorable arrangement, designed to be fair to both parties. Each 
 sacrificed important features of their polities in order that the individual churches 
 aflfected might freely associate with the nearest Presbyterian or Congregational 
 ecclesiastical body, as their local circumstances might make desirable. ; 
 
 In its actual workings, however, the plan operated in favor of the Presby- 
 terians. Their organization was better adapted to progressive work. New pres- 
 byteries were soon formed in all the missionary districts, but the new Congre- 
 gational churches, left to themselves, instead of fellowshipping together, allied 
 themselves with these presbyteries under the plan of union and in due time were 
 absorbed into the Presbyterian body. In this way, according to an estimate of 
 one Presbyterian historian, over two thousand churches originally Congrega- 
 tional became Presbyterian between 1815 and 1850. The plan of union was 
 abandoned by the "old style" wing of the Presbyterian church in 1837, and in 
 1852 by the Congregationalists. 
 
 We shall see how the history of the First church of Galesburg is affected by .;> 
 this plan of union. 
 
 V.-'^;^^^^^ {^ CONGREGATIONAL CHURCHES IN KNOX COUNTY ^^ 
 
 Nothing in the history of Knox county better illustrates the great forces at 
 work in American history than the founding of Galesburg by the famous band 
 of colonists in 1836, fully described elsewhere in this volume. The history of 
 Congregationalism in Knox county begins, paradoxically enough, with a Presby- 
 terian church. The gradual transformation of this Presbyterian church into a 
 Congregational church will appear as the story of the church unfolds itself. ' 
 
630 .- HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY 
 
 Those who settled Galesburg came from Oneida county, New York, from a 
 presbytery composed partly of Congregational churches, under the plan of 
 union. The new Galesburg church had 8i original members, of whom 63 came 
 by letter. Of these 35 brought letters from Presbyterian and 25 from Congre- 
 gational churches. The church established relations under the plan of union with 
 the nearest ecclesiastical body, which was the Schuyler presbytery. Upon its 
 organization, February 25, 1837, it adopted as its name the First Presbyterian 
 church of Galesburg. As a church it was an integral part of the plan of the 
 original founders, which was to establish a Christian community, a Christian 
 church and a Christian college. While there was a strong Congregational ele- 
 ment in its membership, the Presbyterians predominated. Certain it is that at 
 that time there was no denominational feeling or ambition, for all such possi- 
 bilities were swallowed up in the intense and earnest common purpose. The Rev. 
 George W. Gale, the leading spirit in the whole project and a Presbyterian, was 
 its^ first pastor. It is evident from all the testimony that the church at its origin 
 cared less for denominational forms and names than for religion and morals and 
 for the work of education and reform. It can easily be understood that the 
 Congregationalists would feel themselves thoroughly at home both by training 
 and disposition in any pioneer work, in helping to found a college or in planning 
 the prosecution of any reform. The best ideals of both Presbyterianism and 
 Congregationalism went into the first years of this community. Nevertheless it 
 was inevitable that the denominational consciousness, which was rapidly devel- 
 oping in the outside world, should naturally find reflection after a time in the 
 life of the Galesburg church. In all parts of the country the plan of union was 
 becoming unworkable. After 1837 the old school wing of the Presbyterian 
 church, in America, had little sympathy with any rights claimed under the plan. 
 Meanwhile the Congregational element in the Galesburg church increased in 
 numbers and influence. In 1845, to meet their preferences, a compromise was 
 adopted after amicable discussion, giving the church a double ecclesiastical con- 
 nection both with the Congregational association and with the presbytery. In 
 May, 1849, members of both persuasions were given equal rights according to the 
 usage of their own denominations. This compromise did not prove satisfactory, 
 so on May 29, 1851, thirty-seven of the Presbyterian members withdrew and 
 formed the "Second Presbyterian church," followed later by eleven others. 
 More Congregationalists came in. In the meantime the slavery question was 
 assuming greater importance, and many Presbyterians became Congregational- 
 ists on this account, for the Presbyterian connection, because of its large southern 
 relationship, was tolerant to slavery. The Galesburg Congregationalists, as else- 
 where, were vigorously anti-slavery, and the unwillingness of the Peoria pres- 
 bytery to modify its attitude toward the slavery question after several requests 
 caused the church on October 6, 1855, formally to dissolve its connection with 
 the presbytery. A year later, October 8, 1856, the name Presbyterian was 
 dropped and the title "First Church of Christ in Galesburg" adopted. The fel- 
 lowship established with the Congregational association in 1845 was maintained, 
 and thus the church, though still independent, became practically Congregational. 
 As an autonomous, self-governing congregation, bound together by covenant 
 and acknowledgfing" the obligations of fellowship with other similar churches, it 
 faithfully perpetuated the Separatist principles of two hundred and fifty years 
 before. 
 
630 HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY 
 
 Those who settled Galesburg came from Oneida county, Xew York, from a 
 presbytery composed partly of Congregational churches, under the plan of 
 union. The new Galesburg church had 8i original members, of whom 63 came 
 by letter. Of these 35 brought letters from Presbyterian and 25 from Congre- 
 gational churches. The church established relations under the plan of union with 
 the nearest ecclesiastical body, which was the Schuyler presbytery. Upon its 
 organization, February 25, 1837, it adopted as its name the First Presbyterian 
 church of Galesburg. As a church it was an integral part of the plan of the 
 original founders, which was to establish a Christian community, a Christian 
 church and a Christian college. \\'hile there was a strong Congregational ele- 
 ment in its membership, the Presbyterians predominated. Certain it is that at 
 that time there was no denominational feeling or ambition, for all such possi- 
 bilities were swallowed up in the intense and earnest common purpose. The Rev. 
 George W. Gale, the leading spirit in the whole project and a Presbyterian, was 
 its first pastor. It is evident from all the testimony that the church at its origin 
 cared less for denominational forms and names than for religion and morals and 
 for the work of education and reform. It can easily be understood that the 
 Congregationalists would feel themselves thoroughly at home both by training 
 and disposition in any pioneer work, in helping to found a college or in planning 
 the prosecution of any reform. The best ideals of both Presbyterianism and 
 Congregationalism went into the first years of this community. Nevertheless it 
 was inevitable that the denominational consciousness, which was rapidly devel- 
 oping in the outside world, should naturally find reflection after a time in the 
 life of the Galesburg church. In all parts of the country the plan of union was 
 becoming unworkable. After 1837 the old school wing of the Presbyterian 
 church, in America, had little sympathy with any rights claimed under the plan. 
 Meanwhile the Congregational element in the Galesburg church increased in 
 numbers and influence. In 1845, to meet their preferences, a compromise was 
 adopted after amicable discussion, giving the church a double ecclesiastical con- 
 nection both with the Congregational association and with the presbytery. In 
 May, 1849, niembers of both jjersuasions were given equal rights according to the 
 usage of their own denom.inations. This compromise did not prove satisfactory, 
 so on May 29, 1851, thirty-seven of the Presbyterian members withdrew and 
 formed the "Second Presbyterian church," followed later by eleven others. 
 More Congregationalists came in. In the meantime the slavery question was 
 assuming greater importance, and many Presbyterians became Congregational- 
 ists on this account, for the Presbyterian connection, because of its large southern 
 relationship, was tolerant to slavery. The Galesburg Congregationalists, as else- 
 where, were vigorously anti-slavery, and the unwillingness of the Peoria pres- 
 bytery to modify its attitude toward the slavery question after several requests 
 caused the church on October 6, 1855, formally to dissolve its connection with 
 the presbytery. A year later, October 8, 1856. the name Presbyterian was 
 dropped and the title "First Church of Christ in Galesburg" adopted. The fel- 
 lowship established with the Congregational association in 1845 was maintained, 
 and thus the church, though still inde])endent, became ]iractically Congregational. 
 As an autonomous, self-governing congregation, bound together by covenant 
 and acknowledging the obligations of fellowship with other similar churches, it 
 faithfully perjjctuated the Separatist principles of two hundred and fifty years 
 before. . . 
 
r, 
 I 
 
 n X 
 
HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY ; / 631 
 
 With this preliminary explanation, the spiritual history of the church is now 
 given from the beginning. 
 
 The history of the "First Church of Christ" differs from that of most pioneer 
 churches in several particulars. It passed through no period of infantile growth, 
 but sprang into existence at once, strong and well disciplined, with efficient men 
 and women to labor and pray for its success, and experienced officers to guide 
 its affairs. Instead of receiving aid, it has always ministered to others, now and 
 again sending forth of its strength to build upon other foundations, thus be- 
 coming the "mother of churches." Its relations with Knox College have been 
 intimate, and it has received permanent benefit from the labors of presidents 
 and professors and the youthful zeal of students. 
 
 The founding of this church was embraced in the same plan which gave 
 origin to Galesburg and Knox College, and a detailed account of the whole move- 
 ment will be found in its appropriate place in this volume. ... ; 
 
 In the fall of 1836 more than thirty families were located in cabins on the 
 south side of Henderson grove, awaiting the approach of spring, when they were 
 to begin in earnest the erection of buildings and the opening of farms. These 
 families were homogeneous in their character, partaking of the spirit, as they 
 sprang from the blood, of the Pilgrim fathers of New England. They loved 
 the Bible, the Sabbath and the sanctuary. They cherished, with slight or no 
 variation, the same views of gospel truth and felt, as their fathers felt, the im- 
 portance of transmitting the institutions of religion to those who should come 
 after them as the richest inheritance they could leave. . ; , 
 
 Nor were they, the first winter, without the manifest presence of the holy 
 spirit. Rev. John T. Avery, visiting his friends in their new home, spent several 
 weeks aiding the officiating pastor. The way for the organization of a church 
 being thus prepared, the professors of religion met at the schoolhouse in Hen- 
 derson grove February 15, 1837. The ministers present were Rev. John Waters, 
 who presided, and Rev. Geo. W. Gale. It was resolved: First, "That it is 
 expedient, as soon as practicable, to form a church in this place" ; and, second, 
 "to hear each give an account of his or her hope." February I5th, I7th, 2ist and 
 25th were spent in this way, and, when completed, a confession of faith and 
 covenant were unanimously approved. Rev. Mr. Noel of Knoxville was also 
 present, he having been appointed by the presbytery of Schuyler to assist in its 
 formation. Sunday, February 26th, the confession of faith and covenant were 
 adopted, and the ordinances of baptism and the Lord's Supper were administered. 
 April 5th it was unanimously resolved "that it is expedient to organize the 
 church fully as Presbyterian and to choose three elders and two deacons." Nehe- 
 miah West, Nehemiah H. Losey and John Kendall were chosen elders and 
 Thomas Simmons and Abel Goodell deacons. April gth these were all installed 
 in office, and the church was declared organized by the name of the Presbyterian 
 church of Galesburg. Rev. Geo. W. Gale reported to the church, April 25th, 
 that it had been received under the care of the presbytery of Schuyler. Thus 
 the church began with eighty-one members, sixty-three having presented letters 
 and eighteen uniting on profession of faith. 
 
 During the summer of 1837 meetings in the village were held in the school- 
 house, which stood on the north side of Ferris street, between Broad and Cherry, 
 till December, 1838, when the academy building was used till the erection of the 
 
,; 82 HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY 
 
 church, in which the first service was held June 2ist, 1846. This building was 
 
 ; in constant use until 1894, when it was torn down to make way for the present 
 
 . building, which was begun in 1895 and dedicated in 1898. 
 
 In all this time, from 1837 to 1898, there were various withdrawals of groups 
 
 .''.'' of members to form other churches. Besides the separation of the Presbyterians 
 
 in 1851 there was an amicable understanding in 1855 by which another Con- 
 
 . gregational church was formed. Thirty-five members withdrew and established 
 the "First Congregational church in Galesburg;" during the next few years 
 eighty-two other members from the mother church followed them. The prin- 
 cipal motive seems to have been the feeling that the parent church was too large 
 
 : and that two churches could accomplish more than one. The new organization 
 
 - soon acquired an individuality of its own, and, for the forty years of its inde- 
 pendent existence, the personality of its pastors and the public spirit and influ- 
 ence of its members gave it a large part in the religious life of the city. 
 
 In 1856 the "Brick church" on Broad street, between Simmons and Tomp- 
 
 . kins, was built. The first pastor was the Rev. Edward Beecher, D. D., after 
 whom the building has since been named. The great storm of May, 1858, blew 
 over the tall spire, which practically destroyed the building. To aid in the re- 
 construction, Henry Ward Beecher, brother of the pastor, lectured in Galesburg, 
 donating the proceeds to the church. The parsonage on the corner of Broad 
 and North streets was given the church by Mrs. Henry Hitchcock. For nearly 
 forty years these two churches, the "Brick church" and the "Old First" worked 
 
 ; side by side, but by 1894 the time seemed ripe for reunion. The Reverend H. 
 
 ; A. Bushnell. the last pastor of the "Brick church," resigned, and the two churches 
 reunited on January i, 1895, as "the Central Congregational church of Gales- 
 burg." To the united membership the "Brick church" gave 350 members, the 
 "Old" church 476, a total of 826. Rev. A. F. Sherrill, D. D., who had been 
 pastor of the "Old First" church, continued as pastor of the new reunited Cen- 
 tral church. The large and impressive building which had been planned as a 
 part of the reunion was dedicated December 4, 1898, and still stands as an appro- 
 priate symbol of the history of the church it shelters. Of the various buildings 
 acquired during these sixty years the parsonage of the "Brick church" was 
 taken over by the Central church and is still in active use. Beecher chapel 
 passed into the hands of Knox College, where it receives constant use in term 
 time, both as a chapel for the college students and to accommodate a part of 
 the work of the Knox Conservatory of Music. A large wooden chapel which 
 had been built just west of the original great wooden church in 1851 was not 
 torn down in 1894, but was moved out to the east part of the city, where it be- 
 came the home of the newly organized Fast Main Street church until December, 
 1910. In 1911, having outlived its usefulness, it was torn down. 
 
 The original church building on the square, that was destroyed in 1894, played 
 many roles in the life of the city during its existence, but none more interesting 
 than that as protector and gfuardian spirit of the "underground railroad." The 
 steeple was often used as a hiding place for negroes and the great auditorium 
 often rang with the denunciations of the fugitive slave law, the Missouri com- 
 promise, the Dred Scott decision, and of everything connected with the slave 
 system. 
 
 The temporary bitterness accompanying the separation of these two branches 
 
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, HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY , . 
 
 church, in which the first service was held June 2ist, 1846. This building was 
 in constant use until 1894, when it was torn down to make way for the present 
 building, which was begun in 1895 and dedicated in 1898. 
 
 In all this time, from 1837 to 1898, there were various withdrawals of groups 
 of members to form other churches. Besides the separation of the Presbyterians 
 in 1851 there was an amicable understanding in 1855 by which another Con- 
 gregational church was formed. Thirty-five members withdrew and established 
 the "First Congregational church in Galesburg;" during the next few years 
 eighty-two other members from the mother church followed them. The prin- 
 cipal motive seems to have been the feeling that the parent church was too large 
 and that two churches could accomplish more than one. The new organization 
 soon acquired an individuality of its own. and, for the forty years of its inde- 
 pendent existence, the personality of its pastors and the public spirit and infiu- 
 ence of its meml^ers gave it a large part in the religious life of the city. 
 
 In 1856 the "Brick church" on Broad street, between Simmons and Tomp- 
 kins, was built. The first pastor was the Rev. Edward Beecher. D. D., after 
 whom the building has since been named. The great storm of May, 1858. blew 
 over the tall spire, which practically destroyed the building. To aid in the re- 
 construction. Henry Ward Beecher, brother of the pastor, lectured in Galesburg, 
 donating the proceeds to the church. The parsonage on the corner of Broad 
 and Xortli streets was given the church by Mrs. Henry Hitchcock. For nearly 
 forty years these two churches, the "Brick church" and the "Old First" worked 
 side by side, but by 1894 the time seemed ripe for reunion. The Reverend H. 
 A. Bushncll. the last pastor of the "Brick church," resigned, and the two churches 
 reunited on Januarv i, 1895, ^^ "the Central Congregational church of Gales- 
 burg." To the united membership the "Brick church" gave 350 members, the 
 "Old" church 476. a total of 826. Rev. A. F. Sherrill, D. D.. who had been 
 pastor of the "Old First" church, continued as pastor of the new reunited Cen- 
 tral church. The large and impressive building which had Ix^en planned as a 
 part of the reunion was dedicated December 4. 1898. and still stands as an appro- 
 priate symbol of the history of the church it shelters. Of the various buildings 
 acquired during these sixty years the parsonage of the "Brick church" was 
 taken over by the Central church and is still in active use. Beecher chapel 
 passed into the hands of Knox College, where it receives constant use in term 
 time, both as a chapel for the college students and to accommodate a part of 
 the work of the Knox Conservatory of Music. A large wooden chapel which 
 had been built just west of the original great wooden church in 1851 was not 
 torn down in 1894. but was moved out to the east part of the city, where it be- 
 came the home of the newly organized Fast Main Street church until December, 
 1910. In 1911. having outlived its usefulness, it was torn down. | . . 
 
 The original church building on the square, that was destroyed in 1894, played 
 many roles in the life of the city during its existence, but none more interesting 
 than that as protector and guardian spirit of the "underground railroad." The 
 steeple was often used as a hiding place for negroes and the great auditorium 
 often rang with the denunciations of the fugitive slave law, the Missouri com- 
 promise, the Dred Scott decision, and of everything connected with the slave 
 system. 
 
 The temporary bitterness accompanying the separation of these two branches 
 
ir 
 
HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY v;^ 633 
 
 ' '. .. ..,>- '- 
 
 of Congregationalists was far exceeded by the acrimony that soon after developed 
 in the great controversy between the Presbyterians and the Congregationalists 
 concerning their respective rights in Knox College. From the calm atmosphere 
 of fifty years later, this trouble reminds one of the apostolic discussion between 
 James and John as to which should sit on the right hand and which on the left. 
 The original liberal and broad-minded intention of the founders came safely 
 through the strife ; the college was originally intended to be non-sectarian, and 
 is non-sectarian today. Today Presbyterians and Congregationalists alike 
 are interested to preserve the intention of the founders with the liberal 
 spirit of the founders. Nevertheless while the controversy lasted, it was very 
 real and very important to those concerned ; it could not well be otherwise when' 
 such powerful personalities as Jonathan Blanchard, Edward Beecher and George 
 W. Gale, not to speak of others, were involved. 
 
 In 1898, Fv.ev. C. A. Vincent, D. D., was called to become the pastor of 
 Central church. Under his aggressive leadership the church developed in 
 strength and the balance of the debt upon its great new building was cleared 
 off. During the year 1,907, as a result of the Gipsy Smith and the W. A. Sunday 
 revival campaigns, 410 were added to the church. He was followed by the 
 Rev. J. Percival Huget, D. D., who came in 1907, and remained three years 
 adding by his strong and eloquent preaching and organizing activities much 
 strength to the church. The membership, January i, 1912, was 1,293, *"d there 
 were 850 enrolled in the Sunday school. The present pastor is the Rev. C. E. 
 McKinley, who took up the work in September, 1911. '/ ; 
 
 :" V .''.;;;;'-;' ^:;-. OTHER GALESBURG CHURCHES j/v -' 
 
 In 1858, a mission Sunday school was established in the southeast part of 
 the town by an organization, which in time came to represent all the Protestant 
 churches of Galesburg. In 1894, there grew out of this mission revival services 
 in the eastern part of the city in charge of the Rev. W. H. Wannamaker, an 
 evangelist. The result of this movement was the organization of two new 
 Congregational churches, the Knox Street church, on the comer of Day and 
 Kriox streets, organized in August, 1894, with 22 members; and the Union 
 Congregational church, organized August 8, 1894, with 36 members. A new 
 building was planned for the Knox Street church and dedicated June 24, 1895. 
 To the Union Congregational church was given the old chapel of the "Old First" 
 which was moved to a lot near the corner of East Main and Phillips streets. 
 The church, upon entering this building took the name of "The E^st Main 
 Street Congregational church." The project of establishing at the same time 
 two new churches proved to be a little too ambitious. The Knox Street 
 church worked along for thirteen years with gradually declining fortunes and 
 in 1907, the building was sold to the United Brethren, who have since con- 
 ducted a church there. The East Main Street church had a fairly prosperous 
 history only for a few years. Its fortune also seemed to be declining, but in 
 1903, it took a new grip on its field, and has since grown strong enough, not 
 only to become self-supporting, but to build an adequate and permanent new 
 building on the corner of Whitesboro and East Main streets at a cost of about 
 $25,000. This building was dedicated December ii, 1910. 
 
634 ; HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY . ; 
 
 CHURCHES OUTSIDE OF GALESBURG :--; 
 
 The growth of Congregationalism outside of Galesburg was determined 
 at first by the development of new settlements. When the railroad came 
 through, settlements grew up along its line at Wataga, Oneida and Altona, and 
 Congregational churches soon after appeared in each of these places. In two 
 cases churches, established under other auspices, became Congregational, be- 
 cause they found the simple Congregational procedure involving autonomy, 
 covenant and fellowship more satisfactory. Thus the Victoria church, originally 
 Presbyterian, became Congregational, as well as the old and influential Cumber- 
 land Presbyterian church near Abingdon, s. ..! 
 
 In later years, Congregationalism in Knox county has been affected by 
 the process of change taking place throughout the Congregational denomina- 
 tion by which attempts have been made to make more efficient the machinery 
 for gaining their common object. The "fellowship" that was sufficient for 
 pioneer days has discovered in the complications of modern life the need of de- 
 pendence upon something more systematic than voluntary co-operation. The 
 churches of Knox county are affiliated by fellowship with the Central West 
 association of Congregational churches including the churches of Knox, Fulton, 
 Peoria, Marshall, Stark and Mercer counties and also to the general state con- 
 ference of Illinois. Both these organizations have within two years adopted 
 new forms of government, which, while they preserve carefully the original 
 Congregational ideas, provide a new and improved centralization of power 
 designed to be of better help to the weaker churches, and a more successful 
 means for prosecuting the great common missionary enterprises. 
 
 ; ': BRIEF HISTORIES OF INDIVIDUAL CHURCHES v- H 
 
 ,;: . . . ONTARIO AND ONEIDA j ^ 1^ ;. 
 
 The settlers of Ontario township began to come in soon after the arrival of 
 the settlers in Knox county. They came from the same region Oneida county, 
 New York and brought with them the same ideals concerning religion, educa- 
 tion, temperance and slavery. Among these settlers were the Williamses, Nel- 
 sons, Wetmores, Cranes, Chapmans, Camps, Hollisters, Savages, Moshers and 
 Powells. Congregational churches were founded by them in two places, Ontario 
 and Oneida. 
 
 The earliest center of common activity was in the southwest corner of the 
 township where the Camp schoolhouse was built in 1839, ^" which religious 
 . services were held from the first. Here was organized the Ontario church, on 
 August 12, 1848, with seventeen members and the Rev. D. Todd as first pastor. 
 A building was erected in 1851, on the northeast corner of section 31, near 
 the school. In more recent years a parsonage was added. This church has the 
 distinction of being the first strictly Congregational church in Knox county, for 
 the Galesburg church was still nominally Presbyterian. On January i, 1912, the 
 membership of this church was 83 and there were 54 in the Sunday school. The 
 Ontario settlement also has the honor of having been an active station on the 
 line of the "underground railway," two of the Congregational members, C. 
 F. Camp and Howard Powell being active in this work. 
 
^..i^fv: HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY ; 636 
 
 The other center in Ontario township was developed by the coming of the 
 railroad in 1854 in the southeast corner of the township, at Oneida, and there 
 a church was organized December 22, 1855, with twenty-one members. 
 Prominent among them were Deacon and Mrs. Ferris, Mr. and Mrs. William 
 Stephenson. Mr. and Mrs. Hubbard, Mr. and Mrs. Pratt, Mr. and Mrs. Cor- 
 nish, Mr. and Mrs. A. P. Child, Lewis and Mary Burt, and A. R. and E. C. St. 
 John. Not until February, 1858, after three years of self-sacrificing toil, 
 did the Congregationalists dedicate their own building. Congregational fel- 
 lowship was well illustrated on that occasion by the presence of many from 
 the Ontario church and of Dr. Edward Beecher and President Blanchard from 
 the Galesburg churches. The first regular pastor was Rev. C. H. Abemethy. 
 This church was very active in anti-slavery work and has always been a strong 
 infiuence in temperance reform. Its membership on January i, 1912, was 
 127 and there were loo in the Sunday school. ' 
 
 -;:.:.' : ':"-;;'.'./';.-'.'-. WATAGA 
 '-v'"' ' ' ' " '' "' ' '"' '' ' "" '"" 
 
 Wataga was another settlement that grew up rapidly as the result of the 
 railroad coming, and here also a church was organized the following year, 
 on June lo, 1855. The first meeting was appropriately held in the new sta- 
 tion, and the church thereafter worshipped in the school house till 1860, when 
 a building was erected. To this a parsonage was added in 1876. The ten 
 original members were A. P. Babcock, Wm. S. Farnham, Mrs. Maria Farn- 
 ham, Mrs. C. F. Farnsworth, Benjamin Gardner, Mrs. Abigail Gardner, Sarah 
 Gardner, Mrs. Minerva Holyoke, Chas. W. Rhodes, Mrs. Jane Rhodes. Of 
 these A. P. Babcock in later years as missionary for the Knox county Sunday 
 school association and agent for the American Bible society did a remarkable 
 and influential work of personal visitation throughout the county. The pres- 
 ent membership of the church is 51, and it has a Sunday school of 52. 
 
 ;;;;--;/;,;,.:'., .'v-.v./ ;''':'::.:/:? 'v' VICTORIA '-%.;-.' '.^ '"v- '" .. {.-;':- H ;;-..v:' : 
 
 The Victoria church was originally organized as a Presbyterian church in 
 May, 1841, the village having had an early growth by reason of its situation on 
 the main post route to Chicago; but in April, 1849, the church became identified 
 with the Congregational fellowship and for over fifty years had a flourishing 
 history. A good building was erected in 1852 and later a parsonage. At the 
 present time, however, although these buildings remain, the activity of the church 
 has' ceased. 
 
 / 
 
 's 
 
 If 
 
 ALTONA 
 
 The coming of the railroad is also responsible indirectly for the church at 
 Altona, which was organized February 21, 1857, with nine members, under the 
 leadership of the Rev. A. Root. A building was erected in 1866 and sometime 
 later a parsonage. Of the whole organization the parsonage alone remains. 
 The church has not been active for some time'. 
 
636 V HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY 
 
 ' 
 
 The Rio Congregational church was organized in 1871 and its building was 
 dedicated in 1873. At the present time it has a co-operative arrangement with 
 the Methodist church, interesting as an illustration of practical harmony in Chris- 
 tian work, under which a union Sunday school and a common pastor are main- 
 tained. January i, 1912, the church had 105 members and there were 140 in the 
 union Sunday school. - . ',^ '':;!> 
 
 ';;.;cv.U;^; ;'.;/,. ;' '-.. ;-::-; ABINGDON I " "' '^''j'-^'"- ^' '''''^- ^:-. :^,' 
 
 The Abingdon church has a continuous history longer than that of any exist- 
 ing Congregational church in Knox county. That history has not been continu- 
 ously Congregational, however, for only since i88l has it been affiliated with 
 the Congregational fellowship. It originated as a Cumberland Presbyterian 
 church in 1834 or 1835 with fifteen members. Not long after a house of wor- 
 ship was erected about one and one-half miles northwest of -Abingdon, said to 
 be the first church building in the county. In 1866 the congregation moved to 
 Abingdon and built a new church there. In i88i the members voluntarily de- 
 cided to transfer their connection to the Congregational body, since which time 
 the church has well perpetuated the high ideals and influential plans of its found- 
 ers. On January i, 1912, there were 248 members and 127 in the Sunday school, 
 
 X'^^'l"-/ ^: ' ' ' . '"':,'-. DELONG ^ V r^v.''':'^^,^^ .;;''; :.^':;' I v^^-V,V'''-^'-^ 
 
 : The present Belong church came into existence in 1894 as the result of serv- 
 ices held by the Rev. A. W. Bepew, then pastor of the Abingdon church. An 
 attractive building was erected in 1903. There was on January i, 1912, a mem- 
 bership of 103 and a Sunday school of 60. 
 
 Altogether in the whole county there was, on January i, 1912, a Congrega- 
 tional church membership of 2,218 and a Sunday school membership of 1,648. 
 
 .:,-.);' THE METHOBIST EPISCOPAL CHURCH 
 
 :,7:'- ' BY S. A. WAGONER ":' ' 
 
 I. Historical, i. Methodism began in the second quarter of the eighteenth 
 century (1739) in England, as a revival within the Established church (Episco- 
 pal), under John Wesley, preacher, founder, statesman; Chas. Wesley, hymn 
 writer; John Fletcher, theological and controversial writer, and George White- 
 field, brilliant pulpit orator. These were university men. And though ordained v-'t 
 ministers of the English church they were soon denied the pulpits of the church. 
 Hence followed the famous field-preaching, when as many as 20,000 people 
 often heard Wesley and Whitefield. There early developed a new and remark- 
 able agency of "lay-preachers" and workers, whose example has been followed 
 in latter evangelism by such illustrious laymen as Mr. Moody and Mr. Sunday.,:- 
 
HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY 
 
 637 
 
 and great numbers of Young Men's Christian association workers. The groups 
 resulting from this movement were not called churches, but "societies," for they 
 were still in the English church, and their houses were called chapels. The first 
 Methodist chapel in the world was built in Bristol, England, in 1739. 
 
 The first Wesleyan "conference" held in the world was in Foundry chapel, 
 London, in 1744, with ten ministers present, four of whom were lay-preachers. 
 
 2. Agencies started by Methodism in England. 
 
 i I. The Naval and Military Bible society. (First British Bible society.) 
 
 ":. 2. First Tract society. ' ; ^!^ 
 
 ; . : 3. First dispensary in the world (at the old Foundry). Vy/-. ..,-.; 
 
 ' . ' 4. Strangers' Friend society. 
 
 ; ' 5. A Sunday school in High Wycombe, fourteen years before Robert 
 r :...;.; ^' -^ Raikes. ~-:(-^':''''^^:. 
 
 , ; 6. London Missionary society. 
 ' -. 7. The class meeting. . , . .- 
 8. The itinerancy. ;i v.-^ 
 
 ' 9. Publishing business. ; .T 
 'V lO. Schools. v'3' ^ 
 
 : >.- II. Lay preaching. ,.. 
 
 ;-;.:.' "^ * *-* "--''.-- V-- :. ; -, ,. !.>-^. -' ^_..- :..' . -.-.--*: -. .- 
 
 12. Open air preaching. 
 
 Mr. Wesley did not organize a new church in England, but remained in the 
 Established church. He aided in founding the Methodist Episcopal church in 
 America. ^'/l : '. 'f-.'f- 
 
 3. In America. The first Wesleyan preaching in America was in Georgia 
 in 1735, by Mr. Wesley. 
 
 The first church was built in 1768 in New York. ' ' ' .'". ^" 
 
 : The first "annual conference" was held in 1773 in Philadelphia. 
 
 The church as a separate body was organized at the Christmas conference 
 in Baltimore, Maryland, in 1784. 
 
 The first delegated general conference was held in 1812 in New York city, 
 with 88 delegates. There were then 688 preachers and 184,567 members. 
 
 Methodism has now spread to all continents and chief divisions of the world, 
 being firmly planted in the United States, England, Canada, Australia, India, 
 China, Japan, etc. 
 
 II. Doctrinal. Mr. Wesley said, "Life is more than dogma." Methodism 
 was a revival of both life and Qoctrine. It preached no new doctrine, but em- 
 phasized cardinal doctrines long neglected. It correlated these and came to be, 
 as it still is, the chief representative of the school of the theolog}- and Christian 
 philosophy which has come to be the general ground of Christendom. 
 
 Mr. Wesley said, "Our main doctrines, which include all the rest, are re- 
 pentance, faith and holiness." . 
 
 The doctrinal controversy of the eighteenth century was between two schools 
 one standing for the "five points" ^total depravity, particular election, partial 
 redemption, effectual calling, infallible perseverance. Methodism presented her 
 five points: i. All men are sinners. 2. All men are redeemed. 3. All men 
 are called. 4. As many as obey the call are chosen. 5. Of those chosen as 
 many as endure to the end shall be saved. 
 
638 HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY 
 
 Emphasis was laid upon the universality of the atonement and the witness 
 of the spirit. 
 
 III. Government, It is representative, under a constitution. Its highest 
 authority is in a delegated "general conference" composed of an equal number 
 of ministerial and lay delegates elected respectively by ministers and laymen. 
 
 This conference meets every four years, is the law-making body and com- 
 bines in itself legislative, judicial and executive functions ; and while it estab- 
 lishes certain church courts and is an appellate court it is not a court of original 
 jurisdiction. , 
 
 The governing body of the local church is the "quarterly conference." It 
 consists of trustees, stewards, class leaders, Sunday school superintendents and 
 presidents of brotherhood, aid society and Epworth league. All these are elected 
 by the laymen. Stewards and class leaders are nominated by the pastor. Women 
 are electors and are eligible to all these offices and to the general conference. 
 
 Its Ministers. All ministers get their first authorization from the quarterly 
 conference (laymen) and their nomination to the annual conference (ministers), 
 by whom they are examined as to doctrines, etc., and by whom they are or- 
 dained and authorized. Bishops are general superintendents elected by the gen- 
 eral conference and may be retired by that body. They do not give to the church 
 any laws or rules ; they administer certain affairs under the constitution and 
 laws. District superintendents administer under the laws within a "district" 
 embracing 20 to 60 pastoral charges. -v; -, . 
 
 Usages. The itinerancy is the plan by which ministerial appointments are 
 made and ministerial exchanges effected in a regular and timely manner, so 
 that no effective minister shall be without a parish and no church without a 
 pastor. '-'-:' -..'-"'_"':.'!'.;'''';'."; ^-.'''''"'.''V ''''"[> '"^'-^ ''','';* 
 
 Estimates by non-Methodists. 
 
 Green, historian: "The Methodists themselves were the least result of the 
 Methodist revival." 
 
 Lecky, historian : "Wesley has had a wider constructive influence in the 
 sphere of religion than any man since the i6th century ; and has exercised a 
 powerful influence on the political history of England." 
 
 Goldwin Smith: "Against the disintegrating tendencies of the i8th cen- 
 tury the religious crusade of John Wesley was among the strongest defensive 
 forces." 
 
 Dean Stanley : "The Methodist movement has moulded the spiritual 
 character of the English-speaking protestantism of the world." ;. . ; 
 
 Dr. Chalmers: "Methodism is Christianity in earnest." ' ' .- 
 ' IV. Genius of Methodism. The outstanding facts are these: 
 
 1. The uprising and development of lay influence. Hitherto in the En- 
 glish churches laymen had not exercised spiritual functions. The Wesleyan 
 movement called laymen into service class leaders, stewards, exhorters, local 
 preachers. The talents of Christian women also were brought into use. In 
 both England and America the foundations were laid largely by lay-preachers. 
 Its genius is not an aristocracy but a democracy. 
 
 2. The simplicity of its doctrinal requirements for membership. Wesley- 
 said : "Is a man a believer in Jesus Christ, and is his life suitable to his profes- 
 sion, are the sole inquiries I make." The general rules declare, "There is only 
 
:>-:v;-:: HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY 639 : 
 
 - ! .;;';..-..'* -,'.- '' 
 
 one condition previously required of those seeking admission to our societies . 
 A desire to flee from the wrath to come and be saved from their sins." '":': 
 
 3. Confident testimony to present salvation. Few, even among the clergy, 
 had claimed such experience or declared the doctrine of Christian assurance. 
 ;\_ 4. Catholicity. This is evidenced by the simplicity and inclusiveness of 
 its doctrine; its generous spirit toward all communions that honor Christ; the '.-.- 
 readiness with which its members pass into all other evangelical churches; 
 ; 'and the fact that the trend of religious thought and philosophy of the modern 
 '. world is toward Arminian theology and Wesleyan interpretation. 
 ; V. Results, in 1912 .^ :.- 
 
 :i , I. Ecumenical Methodism. About 20 branches in the world. :-.^--".-:-'i.J\'-^- 
 
 .:-^'. ;'- Ministers (besides lay -preachers) 55,8o8 ,."?f-'^- / 
 
 . . . '::^.^1; . : :. V Churches 99A97 ', '^^' '.;!.;=:-''.;'" 
 
 ; V :V^'. _::.'.. Members 8,768,616 ;- 'J 'v^v.^V * ' 
 
 ..:":'';/ ";/ Members and Adherents 32,728,547 > -/ ';,.^^^;^ 
 
 / ;:' ? ' Sunday school scholars 8,273,809 : ';.V;;. -^i :;!;- O 
 
 ;V' O . 2. Methodist Fpiscopal church /; ':^^ ";-'^',-V v^- . 
 
 0..,.;\ > : Ministers 20,569 Vi vCr^^r'- -'v'-V 
 
 r>V;.; 7 \ V ;' Members : 3,520,197 -V. '': --J-- v:-: / . .. 
 
 : yv ;- ; ' ^'vl- Members and adherents 8,800,492 -'C/ : '"> ,t, ''. -. 
 
 , ' ' ;' Sunday school scholars 942,429 :'".-.'; 
 
 : ;\ -; ^: '^ .; Churches 30,397 :', ^ c^^^;.. ^;#. ;, :' 
 
 .;.;.';-;. '.-/^ Value $183,262,593.00 A/'^.j/iv^V"':^'":::^ '"'^ 
 
 ,'-. ; J. .:^'. Parsonages I3>99O - ;:^-^ v,^ '^'^ y 
 
 -^- '^':-^::-f <'': Value $ 32,285,193.00 :W'H-;;;' 'SJH;.; /V 
 
 ^^:" ^^:. ; ': Schools, colleges, universities - -"-^ "'^ ^! - 
 
 .' ;::.. Professional, secondary, missionary. 360 
 
 : ...i.. . . ' Property and endowment $58,057,574.00 - ; 
 
 '/';!; .;-vH Students 75,585 . ...... .--n :.': 
 
 ''-.-.. 1 '.'. / v"fc/ ^ (. - ^ .''',' - 
 
 :.-;';; Deaconess property and endowment. .$ 5,601,268.00 -"'- ':^v-- >' 
 
 ; V ^'' ' Deaconesses 1,360 '-' '' 
 
 "^y /' v;<v.. ': Book concern, publishing houses, -^^ . V- ri-^ - '^ 
 
 -Vr; .V ^i ... founded in 1790 $ 5,301:093.90 v V : '''^ 
 
 '" ' '' Total sales 1844 to 1908 $ 86,332,177.00 
 
 The first that is known of Methodism in Knox county seems to have been in > 
 1834, when Peter Cartwright held a camp meeting within the boundaries of the;-/.. ''. 
 county. In his autobiography, Cartwright himself relates the following incident:/^ .-.. 
 "In the course of this year, 1834, we had a camp meeting in Knox county, ' ; 
 Henderson river mission. There was a goodly number tented, and a fine turn ' 
 out of people, for the number of settlers in this new and rising country. Our ' 
 
 encampment was pitched in a beautiful little grove on an eminence, surround- ' 
 ed by prairie on every hand. 
 
 "There was in this settlement an interesting and intelligent family from one 
 of the eastern states. The younger members of the family consisted of several ' - 
 young men and young ladies. The young people liked the Methodists, and 
 were deeply convicted; the old people particularly the old lady, were very ;' 
 much opposed to them. Living, as they did close to the camp ground, they put : 
 
640 ; HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY 
 
 their Yankee ingenuity to work to keep their children away from the meet- 
 ing; but finding they could not accomplish it, they at once determined to pitch 
 their tent on the camp ground, and they thought they would have a better op- 
 portunity to watch the children, and counteract any influence we might exert upon 
 them. They pretended to be very friendly, to save appearances. The old lady, 
 for the purpose of disarming me, treated me very kindly, and invited me to 
 eat with them, which I did. In the meantime one of the daughters, who was 
 deeply convicted, told me all about her mother's opposition to the Methodists, 
 and her schemes to prevent her children from being influenced to become reli- 
 gious. 
 
 "One Saturday evening I invited the seekers of religion to come forward 
 to the altar for the prayers of the church. Two of her daughters came for- 
 ward and knelt in prayer. A young sister, almost as much opposed to the 
 Methodists as her mother, went into the altar with a phial of hartshorn, and 
 while her two sisters were trying to pray she slipped the hartshorn to their 
 nose, in order to drive them up and prevent their seeking religion. I very soon 
 detected her in her operations, and took hold of her hand, wrenched the phial 
 from her, led her out of the altar, and told her if I caught her in there any 
 more on such business, I would pitch her' out and publicly expose her. 
 
 "While I was talking to and praying with these two young ladies and 
 others, I saw the old lady, their mother, come and take her seat outside of the 
 altar, immediately opposite her daughters, and if at any time she thought I 
 was not watching her, she would kick them in their sides to drive them up. I 
 watched her very closely, and when in the act of kicking them, I took hold of 
 her foot and gave her a strong push backward, and over she tumbled among 
 the benches. Being a large corpulent woman, she had some considerable tussel 
 to right herself again. So in this way I defeated the scheme of the devil once 
 more. The girls became very much engaged, but while there were many still 
 pressing to the altar, and my attention for the moment was called oflf, the old 
 lady contrived to get them out of the altar into the tent. As soon as I dis- 
 covered what was done, I gathered two or three good singers and praying per- 
 sons, and followed them into the tent, and commenced singing ; I then gave them an 
 exhortation ; then said 'Let us pray,' and called on the father of the girls to pray 
 for his children, but he refused ; I then called on their mother to kneel down 
 and pray for her children, and she refused. In the meantime two of the boys, 
 as well as the two girls, became very much aflfected, and cried for mercy; and 
 presently the third daughter, that had used the hartshorn in the altar, got aw- 
 fully convicted, and begged all present to pray for her, or she would be lost 
 and damned forever. This was too much for the old people ; they became aw- 
 fully alarmed, and wept bitterly ; and you may be sure the whole tent was in a 
 mighty uproar. The singing, praying, and exhortations were kept up nearly 
 all night. Four of the family were powerfully converted, and the sectarian 
 devil in the old father and mother was affectfully disarmed, and from that 
 blessed night they became a religious family ; all joined the Methodist church, 
 and, as far as I know, walked worthy of their high vocation. May they all 
 prove faithful till death, and then receive a crown of life." 
 
 At the annual conference in Springfield, October i, 1835, Peter Cartwright 
 
; FIRST MKTHOniST KPISCOPAL CHURCH 
 
 .Located on the corner of North Kellopg and Kerris Streets. Erected in 1911. Value, $95,000. 
 
640 HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY 
 
 their Yankee ingenuity to work to keep their children a\vay from the meet- 
 ing; but finding they could not accomplish it. they at once determined to pitch 
 their tent on the camp ground, and they thought they would have a better op- 
 portunity to watch the children, and counteract any influence we might exert upon 
 them. They pretended to be very friendly, to save appearances. The old lady, 
 for the purpose of disarming me. treated me very kindly, and invited me to 
 eat with them, which I did. In the meantime one of the daughters, who was 
 deeply convicted, told me all about iier mother's opposition to the Methodists, 
 and her schemes to prevent her children from being influenced to become reli- 
 gious. 
 
 "One Saturday evening I invited the seekers of religion to come forward 
 to the altar for the prayers of the churcli. Two of her daughters came for- 
 ward and knelt in prayer. A young sister, almost as much opposed to the 
 Methodists as her mother, went into the altar with a phial of hartshorn, and 
 while her two sisters were trying to pray she slipped the hartshorn to their 
 nose, in order to drive them up and prevent their seeking religion. I very soon 
 detected her in her operations, and took hold of her hand, wrenched the phial 
 from her. led her out of the altar, and told her if I caught her in there any 
 more on such business. I would pitch her out and publicly expose her. 
 
 "While I was talking to and praying with these two young ladies and 
 others. I saw the old lady, their mother, come and take her seat outside of the 
 altar, immediately opposite her daughters, and if at any time she thought I 
 was not watching her, she would kick them in their sides to drive them up. I 
 watched her very closely, and when in the act of kicking them. I took hold of 
 her foot and gave her a strong push backward, and over she tumbled among 
 the benches. IJeing a large cor])ulent woman, she had some considerable tussel 
 to right herself again. So in this way I defeated the scheme of the devil once 
 more. The girls became very much engaged, but while there wore many still 
 pressing to the altar, and my attention for the moment was called oflf. the old 
 lady contrived to get them out of the altar into the tent. As soon as 1 dis- 
 covered what was done, I gathered two or three good singers and pra\'ing ])er- 
 sons. and followed them into the tent, and commenced singing: I then gave them an 
 exhortation : then said 'Let us ])ray.' and called on the father of the girls to pray 
 for his children, but he refused: I then called on their mother to kneel down 
 and pra\- for her children, and she refused. In the meantime two of the boys, 
 as well as the two girls, became very much affected, and cried for mercy : and 
 lirescntly the third daughter, that had used the hartshorn in the altar, got aw- 
 fully convicted, and begged all present to pray for her. or she would be lost 
 and damned forever. This was too much for the old i)eo])le : they became aw- 
 fully alarmed, and wept bitterly : and you may be sure the whole tent was in a 
 mighty uproar. The singing, jjraying. and exhortations were kej)t up nearly 
 all night. Four of the family were ])owerfully converted, and the sectarian 
 devil in the old father and mother was affectfully disarmed, and from that 
 blessed night they became a religious family : all joined the Methodist church, 
 and, as far as I know, walked worthy of their high vocation. May they all 
 prove faithful till death, and then receive a crown of life." 
 
 At the annual conference in Springfield, October i. 1835. Peter Cartwright 
 
, .. l-'lkST MKI'IIODIST KI'IS(()1'AI. ClU'UCII . 
 
 I.ocate.l (111 tlic i-iirnvr of Nortli Ki-ll.ii-j; ;ni 1 l-'cn is Stii-cls. KrccttMl in I'Ml. Value. 
 
'''"^''- HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY ' 641 
 
 was appointed presiding elder for four years of the Quincy district, which con- 
 sisted of the following appointments: Pittsfield, Quincy circuit, Quincy mis- 
 sion, Rushville station, Rushville circuit. Canton, Ft. Edwards mission, Hender- 
 son River mission and Knoxville mission included the counties of Knox and 
 Warren and part of Fulton. In 1867 permanent camp grounds were located at 
 Gilson, and for forty-three years annual camp meetings were held there, many 
 of the great preachers of the denomination taking part from time to time. When 
 in 1910 the meetings were discontinued and the property given to Hedding Col- 
 
 r ., V' .." METHODIST EPISCOPAL CHURCH, ABINGDON, ILL. . ^>? 
 
 The first white settler in Cherry Grove was Hiram Palmer, Methodist local 
 :.-'. preacher, who came here in 1828 and lived alone until A. D. Swartz and Asel 
 
 W. Dorsey came in the following year. The first Methodist preaching was done 
 :\l by this Hiram Palmer at the home of A. D. Swartz, in the winter of 1829-1830. 
 
 ;. He formed a small class composed of A. D. Swartz and wife and Hiram Palmer 
 
 and wife. The first traveling preacher sent here was Thomas Mills, sent out by 
 
 . the Illinois conference. He had a large circuit, in which Abingdon was in- 
 
 ; eluded. The preaching service was maintained for eight years at the home of 
 
 , ^^ A. D. Swartz, after which the first church was built, in 1846. In 1867 the first 
 
 .; church building was torn down and another built. The pastor at that time was 
 
 - Rev. D. H. Gray. The members of the quarterly conference at that time were 
 
 Revs. M. E. Springer, D. T. Wilson, Wm. Harvey. Local preachers Henry 
 
 ,: King, I. B. Howards, John Dickinson. Stewards Geo. Bassett, P. M. Shoop, 
 
 S. M. Lewis, M. Mowrey, Henry Sullivan, Wm. Latimer. Class leaders C. W, 
 
 ' ; C. Duffield, O. P. Swartz, John Wood, Mr. Earlel, Rev. M. E. Springer, S. John- 
 
 ^. sen. Trustees ^James Best, president; Rev. M. E. Springer, treasurer; M. L. 
 
 Brown, secretary; John E. Chesney, Jason Moore and Wm. Pratt. James Se- 
 
 :,' bree was Sunday school superintendent. The present edifice was erected on the 
 
 site of the Second church, corner of Latimer and Washington streets, in 1898; 
 ; Rev. R. E. Buckey, pastor. The cornerstone was laid Thursday, June i6th. 
 
 ," '. ;. 
 
 ;'>,,..':: ^' ,'.' '.^" '^"^^-r ALTONA .; '- 1;'^-;.'-':: V' ' . . ' '.><'.'"<::: ^'"'^ 
 
 / : The Methodist Episcopal church in Altona (original name Walnut grove) 
 
 was organized August I4th, 1853, by Rev. J. B. Quincy, who was then traveling 
 
 . Henderson circuit. There were thirteen members received and organized, as 
 
 : ; follows: James Howey and wife, E. B. Main, wife and son, Delos S. Main, 
 
 \ Jacob Terwilliger and wife. Benjamin Logan and wife, S. L. Butler and wife, 
 
 , Mrs. Cochran and Mary Leter. 
 
 James Howey was appointed class leader and E. B. Main and Benjamin 
 
 Logan elected stewards. In 1853 Altona was connected with the Victoria cir- 
 ; cuit and served in turn by Revs. A. D. McCooI, D. A. Falkenberg. Wm. J. Smith, 
 ,:; C. A. Stine, W. P. Graves, U. J. Giddings, J. Kerns, J. Matthews and J. D. 
 
 In 1867 Altona was made a separate pastorate and Rev. E. Ransom ap- 
 <; pointed pastor. The first place of public worship used by the Altona Methodists 
 
 .: ToL 1-41 
 
642 HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY -;:;: 
 
 was a schoolhouse which was only 16x20 feet in size standing on what is now 
 the northeast corner of Main and Depot streets. The present church building 
 was erected in 1857 at a cost of $3,500, being the first building erected for pub- 
 lic worship in the village. In 1867 on becoming a distinct pastoral charge the 
 parsonage was built at a cost of $2,300 
 
 The Sunday school was organized in the spring of 1855, E. B. Main as su- 
 perintendent. Recent pastors of the church have been Revs. W. S. Welsh, A. P. 
 Robson, A. M. Bowlin, J. W. Ferris, C. A. Wright, G. H. McCrea, A. E. Row- 
 son. The present pastor is Rev. G. H. Smith. During Rev. J. W. Ferris' min- 
 istry the church was remodeled and is now a very beautiful and commodious 
 building. Attached to this circuit is the Nekoma Methodist Episcopal church, 
 where services are held each Sunday afternoon. -h. ' I - : /-.. 
 
 The work continues to prosper, and good is being accomplished by Methodism 
 in the town. 
 
 ... .- . ' , ' ' '" ,- DAHINDA 'V;'-' '.'''"/ ''V-S ''.:;'.;':' 
 
 The Dahinda Methodist church came into being under the leadership of Miss 
 Hattie Sargent (now deceased), who agitated the matter and made a beginning 
 of a subscription list, which others carried to a successful issue. This was in 
 December, 1903. The church was built and dedicated November, 1904. Frank- 
 lin Rist was its first pastor and had much to do with getting the society organ- 
 ized. ; " ..'';'"''' ^ '''''.;:"'/''; V3 ''--." 
 
 -jy^:- ::'''"'-'' ^ ' '- :- HENDERSON ''-:. '^ -'"'- ..y 
 
 The Methodist church of Henderson was erected in 1874. The date of the 
 formation of the society is not known, but it must have been some time in the 
 sixties. It is a significant fact that the ground on which the building stands is 
 the site of the old Buzzard's Nest, a notorious tavern and saloon of early days. 
 How appropriate that the house of God should be erected where once stood the 
 house of sin. The coming of the church has indeed caused the decline of the 
 saloon rule, until the latter had to go. 
 
 .; The most far-reaching movement in Henderson of recent years was the great 
 revival conducted by the Reverend George Hinds in the year of 1906. The 
 entire religious and moral sentiment of the community was changed and the 
 churches gained many staunch supporters. 
 
 Henderson was originally part of the Wataga charge, but has for several 
 years past been connected with Rio. Among its former pastors are some of the 
 leading men of the conference W. H. Witter, N. T. Allen, S. P. James, A. M. 
 Stocking, S. P. Archer, C. F. W. Smith, H. B. Gough and many others. Of 
 recent years the pastors have been Charles Van Dettum, Evens Worthily, George 
 Hinds, H. B. Green, J. D. Payne, I. E. Moats. ; ';'}:;:' 
 
 *.., i/'^-. ; LOUISVILLE ", ',' !-;>'-,^'''.' .;- 
 
 Mr. J. W. Stephens furnishes the following statement in regard to the Louis- 
 ville Methodist church, which formerly stood upon the Abingdon road about 
 half way from Galesburg to Abingdon. .. :;:., -- 
 
iV'V: -'''-'' HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY : ;- V' 643 
 
 . , . .: The building was 30x40 feet, with walls 14 feet high. The roof was quite 
 
 ;4 ., flat, probably not more than one-eighth pitch. It had four windows on each 
 
 ^^>;- ?;: side, but none at the ends. It was built by Reuben Castle in 1842, and he re- 
 
 '-:':? ceived for his labor and the material which he put into it $150. Every piece 
 
 -r^..-^ of dimension stuff that was in the building was hewn out of oak. It stood on 
 
 .' ^'. > blocks that raised the building quite high from the ground. The frame was 
 
 ;^ ^-; ' covered with oak siding and it stood two years without being plastered. It is 
 
 V V,/. not known what was paid for the plastering. 
 
 .''. : In 1878 the little church known as Warren chapel was built, at which time 
 
 C;.:.-. the Louisville church was abandoned as a house of worship. It was given to 
 
 .-A V . Rev. R. Kinney, and he occupied it about five years as a residence. Then Mr. 
 
 .''.: J. W. Stephens purchased the ground and the church which stood upon it. It 
 
 ;-;-;- was sold to Mr. McConchie in 1889. He demolished the building and put the 
 
 ;. . ; material into a barn in Warren county in the neighborhood of what is known as 
 
 f.: ;..: the Reynolds district. 
 
 -.yV Mr. Stephens saw the building as it was being torn down and si)eaks of the 
 
 . ,. ,' structure as exceedingly well built and thoroughly pinned together with wooden 
 
 .' - pins. During the time when it was used as a church Mr. Stephens says that 
 
 '' '!;' the sheep that were running at large used to go under the building and stay 
 
 ; ' : there during their resting time and the hottest parts of the day. 
 
 ;'-;. :' ': ,:.;^-'/';;''.^ ;'::,../.'.'' :'^ ''''.:/'.,'':'':' '' MAQUON ,..-.;.'/;-'.;...-; ''-,^'.' --y^^.'-'^' -]^'^A'-:^-'i-. 
 
 '"> , The village of Maquon was forty years old before the Christian influence 
 
 ,'../. .was strong enough to establish a church. During that time many fruitless efforts 
 .-.;. had been made by different faiths in that direction. During the first twenty years 
 ' of the history of the town it was not considere'^'. a suitable place for a church, 
 -;;'. as the church members were few and poor. 
 
 : : !. j The first preaching in the Maquon settlement was in a log cabin just out- 
 
 .V. .^ side the corporate limits, that stood in the southwest corner of the northeast 
 
 .,:#'>. quarter of section 4. The cabin was built by Mr. Dolph and owned at the time 
 
 : . by William McGowen, one of the original proprietors of the town. This was 
 
 - .- ' ; in 1825. The name of the preacher was Parnach Owen, who was a Presby- 
 
 >;; terian in faith. He came here as a surveyor and laid out the town. The first 
 
 ; >V; Ivlethodist preaching was in the same cabin about 1838. 
 
 ; '0 Rev. Rufus Miles was the first minister who held regular preaching services 
 
 ; - at Maquon. He was a Presbyterian. In 1841 or 1842 Mr. Maddox erected a 
 
 .' building for the purpose of putting in machinery for carding wool. It stood 
 
 , .V on the west side of the public square, a little south of the center. The first 
 
 ; .' special service held by the Methodist was in this building and was conducted by 
 
 ;". : that old pioneer of Methodism, Rev. Stephen Beggs. He was assisted by Henry 
 
 .V:,-.;' Summers, William Clark and Rev. Plummer. The first Methodist class was 
 
 .- : organized at the close of this meeting. The appointment was put on the Knox- 
 
 ' ville circuit and Maquon had regular preaching for some time. "The old brick 
 
 -.;, . schoolhouse" was erected in 1848 and became the place for holding all religious 
 
 ';'r meetings for many years. 
 
 "., In 1859 spiritualism was introduced and soon became the rage. It affected 
 :'; the community to an alarming extent. Seances were held nightly and the whole 
 
644 HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY >. 
 
 community was much disturbed. Preaching services were practically broken up. 
 This state of things lasted for a number of years. 
 
 Preaching was supplied from Knoxville for a number of years in an irregu- 
 lar way. In the winters of 1861-2 a United Brethren preacher by the name of 
 Wilmette held a series of meetings in the schoolhouse and had about thirty con- 
 versions. An effort was made at that time to build a church. A subscription 
 amounting to $1,500 was gotten up, but for some reason they did not succeed 
 in building. The field was not properly cultivated, and most of the converts 
 drifted back. In 1866 the old schoolhouse was for sale. Some of the women 
 who were members of the sewing society made up their minds to purchase it 
 and arrange it for church purposes. It was sold to them for $300 and refitted 
 at some additional expense and made a very comfortable place in which to hold 
 services. 
 
 ' The next effort at church building was by Rev. Stephen Brink, who was on 
 the Gilson work. He succeeded in getting $1,200 subscribed, but the church did 
 not materialize. In 1872 a man by the name of Garretson, a Christian preacher, 
 had a revival and organized a society of about fifty. A subscription of $1,500 
 followed, but for some reason it proved a failure. A Mr. Grouard, a spiritualist, 
 and a Mr. Carney, a Universalist, next proposed a union building, but nothing 
 came of it. In 1875 Maquon was put on with the Summit work, and Rev. 
 Charles W. Swartz was appointed to take charge. He began talking church as 
 soon as he came and succeeded in getting a subscription of $i,6oo, with the 
 promise of more. The site for the church was purchased from Mr. Thomas 
 Benson, the building was erected by Burkhalter brothers at a cost of $4,500 and 
 was dedicated by Bishop Jesse T. Peck, Sept. ii, 1877. Rev. Swartz served the 
 church two years and was followed by H. S. Humes, who remained one year. 
 
 Rev. L. B. Dennis was appointed in 1878. During his first winter he suc- 
 ceeded in bringing about a revival in which there were one hundred conversions. 
 It \vas the first revival pf importance in Maquon. Important because it suc- 
 ceeded in permanently establishing organized Christianity in Maquon. He left 
 the first authentic records of membership that have been continued to the present. 
 
 He remained two years and was followed by J. E. Williams, who was ap- 
 pointed in October, 1880, and remained one year. 
 
 William Merriam next followed, and at the end of his first year Maquon 
 was put on the Gilson circuit and Merriam was sent to the Gilson work. He 
 died in Gilson, Feb. 12, 1883. .:/:;>.: !.-;> 
 
 A. P. Beal was sent to fill out the year. In October, 1883, Vincent Aten was 
 sent to Maquon, it being made a separate charge again. He remained one year 
 and was followed by R. B. Seaman. He was returned a second year. It was 
 through his earnest efforts that the present parsonage was built. Rev. Joe Bell 
 was appointed to Maquon Oct. 12, 1886. He was returned the second and third 
 time. These three years were so full of blessed results that Maquon people have 
 every reason to long cherish his memory. 
 
 In 1889 R. D. Russell was sent to Maquon and was followed one year later 
 by N. G. Clark, who remained one year. 
 
 In 1891 Rev. A. M. Bowlin was appointed to the charge, remaining two 
 years. During Rev. Bowlin's pastorate a debt of $700 on the church was paid 
 off and repairs to the amount of $850 made. 
 
: ' HISTORY OF KXOX COUNTY ; ; ' 645 
 
 In 1893 J. P. McCormick was appointed to Maquon and was followed by 
 R. Y. Hazzard. His term of service was two years, being succeeded by J. G. 
 Evans, who supplied it for nine months in connection with his work as president 
 of Hedding college. Rev. Frank H. Winter, a Hedding student, next took 
 charge, supplying until the annual conference in 1897. 
 
 Maquon was without a regular pastor till Nov. lo, 1897, when W. H. Young 
 was appointed to the work. Maquon and Rapatee were associated this year, 
 Maquon having preaching each alternate Sunday morning. Rev. Young was re- 
 turned in 1898. Next followed Rev. D. T. Wilson, whose gentle influence caused 
 a greater harmony among the people, both inside and out of the church, than had 
 existed heretofore. Rev. John T. Killip came in 1901 to the pastorate. He re- 
 mained for two years. During this time the church was repaired and modernized 
 and rededicated free of debt. ;; 
 
 Rev. J. G. A. Martin was appointed to the charge in 1903 and was again 
 returned the next year, his deep learning and depth of thought being apparent 
 in the poetic trend of his language. He resigned after serving six months of 
 his second year. Rev. Ira Moats was sent to fill out the year. In September, 
 1906, Rev. S. L. Clark was sent to Maquon. During his pastorate of two years 
 a very successful revival was held and many were added to the church. 
 
 Rev. W. F. Kettlekamp succeeded Mr. Clark and remained for three years. 
 During his administration both the Maquon and Rapatee churches were thor- 
 oughly repaired and left in excellent condition at a cost of several hundred dol- 
 lars. At the conference of 1911 Rev. U. Z. Gilmer was appointed to the charge 
 and is the incumbent at the present time. 
 
 Oneida circuit was formed in the autumn of 1857 from portions of the Knox- 
 ville and Henderson circuits, with Rev. W. M. Clark preacher in charge and 
 Rev. R. N. Morse presiding elder. 
 
 At the conference of 1858 it was transferred to Monmouth district, with 
 Henry Summers presiding elder and George W. Brown preacher in charge. The 
 following year (1859) Oneida circuit was placed in the Toulon district, John 
 Morey presiding elder, and George W. Brown continued pracher in charge. 
 The conference of 1860 returned Oneida to the Monmouth district with Henry 
 Summers presiding elder and William Watson preacher in charge, Bernard Kel- 
 ley being employed as assistant preacher. During the two years of Rev. Watson's 
 pastorate the church enjoyed a great revival, the record of those years showing 
 the names of 165 probationers received. 
 
 Until 1862 the society held its meetings in the schoolhouse. Now, under the 
 pastorate of Wm. J. Smith, a church was erected at a cost of more than $3,000 
 and dedicated by Rev. Thomas M. Eddy, D. D. 
 
 In 1864 Oneida became a station and N. C. Lewis was appointed pastor. 
 Since 1864 the appointment of pastors has been as follows : 1865, S. L. Hamil- 
 ton; 1866-67, Wm. Watson; 1868, M. Spurlock; 1869-70, C. B. Couch; 1871, 
 H. I. Brown; 1872, H. C. Foote; 1873, Chas. H. Brace, Wm. Merriam; 1874- 
 75, Chas. H. Brace; 1876, L. B. Dennis; 1877, C. B. Couch; 1878-79, C. B. 
 Couch; 1880, S. L. Falkner; 1881-82, J. W. Otterman; 1883, W. A. Pratt; 1884, 
 
646 X; HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY . | 
 
 N. T. Allen; 1885, - ; 1886, S. P. James; 1887-8-9, W. H. 
 Witter; 1890-91, Wm, Watson; 1892-93, J. J. Hunter; 1894-5-6, E. C. Ander- 
 son; 1897-8-9, O. P. Graves; 1900, A. C. Wood; 1901-02, E. E. Diflfenbaugh; 
 1903-04, W. R. Carr; 1905-6-7, I. J. Letherman; 1908-9-10, Chas. Van Dettum; 
 1911, R. A. Gordon. 
 
 The present beautiful church was erected in 1909, dedicated in June by Dr. 
 Edwin A. Schell, president of Iowa Wesleyan University, Mt. Pleasant, Iowa. 
 Rev. Chas. Van Dettum was pastor. The building committee was A. J. Roe, 
 Isaac Henderson and S. V. Hannam. A. H. Youngren was the contractor. The 
 building cost $10,000. 
 
 /: The present trustees of the church are Joseph Masters, president ; A. J. Roe, 
 C. J. Talbot, Geo. W. Ide, Isaac Henderson, Jas. Weech, Jr., S. V. Hannam, A. 
 F. Adams, Geo. W. Adams. 
 
 The Methodist church building of Rio was built in the year of 1894 and 
 dedicated in December of that year. The society had, however, existed for many 
 years prior to this date. The exact time is not known, but the class existed as 
 early as 1850. In 1853 a man by the name of Coe was class leader. During 
 these early days the services were held in the schoolhouse and other accessible 
 buildings, often even in barns. When in 1872 the Congregationalist church 
 was erected an arrangement was affected whereby the Methodists had the use 
 of that building each alternate Sunday. Here they continued to worship until 
 their own house was built. 
 
 Rio has always been part of a circuit or charge, sharing its pastor with North 
 Henderson, Alpha, New Windsor and Henderson successively. From the be- 
 ginning the church has had steady, healthful growth. Many of its former pas- 
 tors are now quite prominent in church circles. Among those that have served 
 the church in recent years are T. A. Beal, M. L. O'Harra, W. C. Crane, E. S. 
 Busby, Earl Ballew, Charles Van Dettum, George Hinds, J. D. Payne, H. B. 
 Green and Ira E. Moats. 
 
 VICTORIA 
 
 First American M. E. church erected here October 27, 1854. In 1836 Zadok 
 Hall was appointed to the Kickapoo mission, which embraced all the territory 
 between here and Laura. That fall the first Methodist class was organized at 
 Old Salem schoolhouse, four miles southeast of present village of Victoria. 
 Here Methodism first took root. Victoria was a part of the Lafayette circuit 
 in 1843. 
 
 In 1844 we were transferred to Rock River conference. On the Ilth of 
 May, 1849, the present village of Victoria was laid out. 
 :' New church was dedicated June 5, 1910. ''. 
 
 ; '.:'' .'.' ''-:, ,, ' ' WATAGA -'''.''''/ ''''' ,''"<,'' 
 
 .' The Methodist church was organized in Wataga, January 9, 1858. The 
 present church edifice was erected in 1864. . . ,.. 
 
 Great Revival, :;'J.:: .^ 
 
;-- HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY :'/;' 647 
 
 The great revival meetings were held in February, 1882. As the result 
 80 people were taken into the church. Rev. John Rugh was pastor. This was 
 probably the greatest revival in the history of the Wataga Methodist church. 
 
 In the early history Wataga was on a circuit with five other charges. At the 
 present time the church has a membership of seventy. Wm. Clark was the first 
 preacher, he being the father of N. G. Clark who is still alive. The church has 
 had a battle to live all these years. At the present it is in a healthy condition. 
 
 V;-..;- WILLIAMSFIELD ; 
 
 ' ^^ P-'- . . .-: '- '' 
 
 The Williamsfield Methodist church was organized by Rev. John Gimson in 
 1890, then pastor at Victoria. The building was erected in the same year and at 
 the next conference the church was placed on the Elba circuit. In 1894, under 
 the pastorate of John Killip, the parsonage was built. In 1906 the church was 
 remodelled under the pastorate of Rev. Franklin Rist. 
 
 V ' ' - GALESBURG 
 
 The first Methodist Episcopal church of Galesburg was organized in 1847 
 by the Rev. J. J. Hedstrom, wifh A. M. and Mrs. Follett, L. H. and Mrs. Mary 
 Haskell, and Mr. and Mrs. Beam as members six in all. It was then an appoint- 
 ment of the Knoxville circuit, belonged to the Rock River conference, and 
 continued so until 1855, when the Peoria, now Central Illinois conference, was 
 organized. The first building was erected in 1851, by the American and Swedish 
 Methodists jointly. It was a wooden structure 36x50 feet in size, and located at 
 the corner of Kellogg and Tompkins streets, a plat of ground which, for more 
 than sixty years has been the gathering point for Methodism in Galesburg, and 
 around which cluster many sacred memories by the older members of the 
 church. The building was not entirely finished until 1853, when on the third 
 Sunday in November it was dedicated by that noted pioneer preacher. Rev. Peter 
 Cartwright. The building now stands (1912) on the Seacord farm east of town 
 and is doing service as a barn. 
 
 Pastors of the church from 1847 to 1855 were H. Hadley, Lewis R. Ellis, 
 Isaac Poole, A. Wolincroft, J. F. Chaffee, B. Applebee, Wm. Haney. 
 
 The partnership of the American and Swedish members was dissolved by 
 mutual and friendly agreement in 1853, leaving the American members in pos- 
 session of the property, and in 1855 the Galesburg church became an inde- 
 pendent station. The following have been the pastors to date: 1855-1856, 
 Milton Haney; 1856-1858, John P. Brooks; 1858-1860, J. O. Gilbert; 1860-1862, 
 Wm. H. Hunter; 1862-1864, L. B. Kent; 1864-1867, A. Magee; 1867-1868, M. 
 F. Havermale; 1868-1870, D. H. Gray; 1870-1873, G. W. Arnold; 1873-1876, 
 Selah W. Brown; 1876-1879. Geo. W. Brown; 1879-1882, R. G. Pearce; 1882- 
 1884, W. M. Collins; 1884-1887, H. D. Clark; 1887-1892, G. J. Luckey; 1892- 
 1896, C. W. Blodgett; 1896-1897, N. G. Lyon; 1897-1903, T. W. McVety; 
 1903-1906, Joe Bell; 1906-1908, J. W. Frizzelle; 1908- , Samuel Van Pelt. 
 
 The presiding elders of the district, including Knox county, have been R. 
 Haney, John Morey, Milton Bourne, H. Summers, Francis Smith, W. H. Hunter, 
 B. C. Swarts, A. K. Tullis, W. M. Collins, M. C. Bowlin, J. S. Cummings, G. 
 J. Luckey, M. A. Head, H. D. Clark, J. H. Ryan, R. E. Buckey, Joe Bell. 
 
648 HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY 
 
 The second session of the Central Illinois conference (organized in 1856) 
 was held in Abingdon in 1857. A session of the conference was held in Gales- 
 burg in 1862, when a memorial was sent to President Lincoln urging the emanci- 
 pation of the slaves. Rev. Richard Haney, a notable Methodist preacher of this 
 section for many years, has made the claim that said memorial was the first 
 of a large number of such memorials sent to the president, and that it had much 
 to do with the famous emancipation proclamation. 
 
 Other sessions of the Central Illinois conference held in the county were 
 in Galesburg in 1873 and 1889, and in Abingdon in 1906. 
 
 In 1872 a new brick and stone trimmed church was erected, replacing the old 
 wooden structure on the corner of Kellogg and Tompkins streets. It was Gothic 
 style, 45x90 feet, the most beautiful church of the denomination in the county 
 in its time, and cost $36,000. It was remodeled in 1895, at an additional cost of 
 $27,000 and on July 22, 1909 was destroyed by fire a singular coincident of the 
 burning of the church is noted that on the same day (July 22) thirty-seven years 
 before, the corner stone laying exercises of the church were held. 
 
 An incident worthy of mention in connection with the events here described 
 is that Rev. N. T. Allen, now a member of the official board of the present 
 Galesburg church, was present at the dedication of the original church in 1853 ; 
 also at the dedication of the new church in 1873 ; also at the dedication of the 
 remodeled church in 1895 ; and also present at the laying of the corner stone 
 of the magnificent new church now in the course of construction at the corner 
 of Kellogg and Ferris streets. 
 
 ^: During the whole history of the Galesburg church, the Sunday school has 
 been an important factor in the progress of the church. So far as may be de- 
 termined with certainty, the following have served as superintendents in chief: 
 John A. Marshall, C. C. Merrill, O. B. Folger, Matthew Andrews, H. E. Jud- 
 son, S. A. Wagoner, W. A. Jordan, R. W. Roadstrum. 
 
 The Epworth League, the Ladies' Aid Society, the Woman's Foreign and 
 Home Missionary Societies, the Standard Bearers, the Men's Brotherhood, 
 and other similar societies have all been worthy of mention. 
 
 The new building now nearing completion will cost with grounds and equip- 
 ment over $100,000. The corner stone was laid Sunday, October i, 1911, by 
 David G. Downey, D. D. The building committee are : 
 
 Samuel Van Pelt, D. D., ex-officio chairman. 
 - Wm. A. Jordan, vice chairman (deceased). . . 
 
 . - Simon A. Wagoner, secretary. .' 
 
 Judson W. Hoover, treasurer. 
 
 Arthur R. Anderson, Walter C. Frank, John G. Burnaugh. 
 :.- Architects J. Grant Beadle, Norman K. Aldrich. 
 
 Builder Peter T. Olson. 
 
 .: .' Summary .,^ ';.'/:.?.'. 5:' ;\^ 
 
 The best statistics available gives the summary of Methodism in Knox county 
 as follows: (1912.) ' ! "j->^' '' ' ' 
 
 
HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY ;./ > 649 
 
 Members 4O35 
 
 Members and adherents 10,087 
 
 Churches and parsonages $296,200 
 
 College and endowments 
 
 Total property $471,200 
 
 Per capita church property $i i6 
 
 
 RISE AND PROGRESS OF SWEDISH METHODISM 
 
 . 'i;r'^^''4; A i :;:, BY AXEL GABRIELSON .''."'_ 
 
 The organization and growth of the Methodist church under John Wesley, 
 in England in 1739, and in America in 1784, with Wesley's approval, under 
 leadership of Philip Embury, Thomas Webb, Richard Boardman, Joseph Pilmoor, 
 Francis Asbury, Richard Wright, Thomas Coke, Richard Whatcoat, Thomas 
 Vasey and others, is authentic history, familiar to many and accessible to any 
 one, but the history of the rise and progress of Swedish Methodism, an integral 
 of the Church of John Wesley, is little known, and nowhere written in the 
 English language, and it is to supply this omission that the writer offers this 
 article to the readers of the History of Knox County, Illinois, the history of this 
 church being so inseparably connected with that of the county, that the history 
 of the county without that of the church must necessarily be incomplete. 
 
 "Who hath despised the day of small things?" was asked centuries before the 
 dawn of the Christian era, affording reason for the belief that some people then 
 living, made the mistake of despising small things, and in so doing, gave di- 
 vine offense, subjecting themselves to loss, and the displeasure and censure of 
 prophet and seer. 
 
 If simple folk, in primitive times, were prone to discount beginnings, and 
 set small value upon embryo matter, no wonder that in an age like the twentieth 
 century, the shrine of big things only, attracts devotees en mass, and enjoys 
 acclaim, and that matters of any kind, however meritorious, if small unassum- 
 ing and modest, often fail of recognition and support, because the scale of their 
 beginnings is in the diminutive. However, the fact remains that many, if not 
 all, of the colossal things of the present, are but the result of small and insig- 
 nificant beginnings of the near or remote past, and therefore youth of this age, 
 tempted especially to want to begin at the zenith, impatient of any suggestion 
 of need of a required period of effort and growth, preceding fruition of hope, 
 do well to study the present in the light of the past and the experiences of the 
 fathers, and learn, that the admired, magnificent, finished superstructure, or 
 finished product, delighting the eye and thrilling the senses, and over which 
 we exclaim, to the one who can read, always tells the mean story of laborious 
 excavation, foundation building course by course, then construction round upon 
 round, through weary days and months and possibly years of tedious toil, and 
 toil of brawn and brain. 
 
 Mica of old extolled not the big city, the world center of his day, but the 
 
650 . HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY 
 
 % 
 
 little City of Bethlehem, saying "And thou Bethlehem, in the land of Juda, 
 are not least of the princes of Juda, for out of thee shall come a governor that 
 shall rule my people Israel," and if it be not deemed a sacrilege, for purposes 
 of this article, the writer desires to paraphrase this prophecy thus : "And thou 
 Victoria, in the land of Illinois, art not least among the cities of Illinois, for 
 out of thee has come a church, that is blessing thousands upon thousands of my 
 people." 
 
 December 15, 1846, Jonas Hedstrom, by occupation a blacksmith, and by the 
 grace of God, a preacher, in Victoria, Illinois, organized the first Swedish 
 Methodist church in America and in the world. The causes that lead to the 
 founding of the Methodist sect among the Swedes, anti-dates this period, how- 
 ever, by many years, and must be related in this connection to afford correct 
 knowledge of facts, and to give due credit where credit belongs. Olof G. Hed- 
 strom, older brother of Jonas Hedstrom, born in Sweden, 1803, emigrated to 
 America in 1825, landing in New York city. This brother's conversion occur- 
 red in Dr. Phoebus' church in New York, in 1829, three weeks after his mar- 
 riage to the godly and piously zealous Caroline Pinckney. 
 
 Four years after his conversion, in 1833. O. G. Hedstrom revisited his na- 
 tive land, for the express purpose of testifying to the saving grace of God, to 
 those of his own blood, and so effectual was his testimony, that not only his 
 parents, but also his brother Jonas, ten years his junior, joyfully embraced 
 salvation. 
 
 Having seen the object of his visit to the land of his birth accomplished, 
 O. G. Hedstrom returned to America, that same year, bringing his brother 
 Jonas back with his to his adopted country. 
 
 Following his return to America, O. G. Hedstrom, up to that time a successful 
 tailor and merchant, abandoned secular pursuits for the ministry entering the 
 New York conference of the Methodist Episcopal church on probation in 1835, 
 laboring successfully in that connection as an English speaking Methodist 
 preacher, in various appointments, until 1845, when, on May I4th of that year, 
 he was appointed by the presiding bishop of the conference convened in the 
 Forsyth Street church. New York, to the North River mission, the first in- 
 stance of a Swedish Methodist minister being appointed to labor among Scan- 
 dinavians in America. But while serving English speaking churches, being 
 stationed in New York city and environments for ten years, from 1835 to 1845, 
 Mr. Hedstrom had done much missionary work among Swedish sailors and emi- 
 grants on incoming vessels, and among these had won many converts, some of 
 whom, returning to the home land, told of their conversion, and their testimonies, 
 prayers, exhortations and interpretation of scripture, had the effect of arousing 
 an interest in religious and spiritual things, among large numbers of people in 
 all parts of Sweden, who were called "readers," because of their constant search- 
 ing of the scriptures and earnest effort to conform to its teaching. 
 
 Incidentally, out of this movement grew the Jansonist revival under Eric 
 Janson and Olof Olson, men of fine character, and unusual power and ability, 
 who coming in touch with O. G. Hedstrom and his converts in America and 
 Sweden, had experienced conversion. These godly men, and their ardent loyal 
 followers were subjected to persecution, imprisonment and confiscation of prop- 
 
t/] 
 
 s 
 r^ 
 
 c 
 
 5C 
 C 
 
::. HISTORY OF KXOX COUNTY 
 
 little City of Bethlehem, saying "And thou Bethlehem, in the land of Juda, 
 are not least of the princes of Juda, for out of thee shall come a governor that 
 shall rule my people Israel," and if ic be not deemed a sacrilege, for purposes 
 of this article, the writer desires to paraphrase this prophecy thus : "And thou 
 \'ictoria. in the land of Illinois, art not least among the cities of Illinois, for 
 out of thee has come a church, that is blessing thousands upon thousands of my 
 people." - ;;.;',. I . \: 
 
 December 15, 1846, Jonas Hedstrom. by occupation a blacksmith, and by the 
 grace of God. a j^reacher. in \'ictoria. Illinois, organized the first Swedish 
 Methodist church in America and in the world. The causes that lead to the 
 founding of the Methodist sect among the Swedes, anti-dates this period, how- 
 ever, by many years, and must be related in this connection to afford correct 
 knowledge of facts, and to give due credit where credit belongs. Olof G. Hed- 
 strom. older brother of Jonas Hedstrom, born in Sweden. 1803. emigrated to 
 America in 1825. landing in Xew York city. This brother's conversion occur- 
 red in Dr. Phoebus' church in Xew York, in 1829. three weeks after his mar- 
 riage to the godly and piously zealous Caroline Pinckney. 
 
 Four years after his conversion, in 1833. (). G. Hedstrom revisited his na- 
 tive land, for the express purpose of testifying to the saving grace of God. to 
 those of his own blood, and so effectual was his testimony, that not only his 
 parents, but also his brother Jonas, ten years his junior, joyfully embraced 
 salvation. 
 
 Having seen the object of his visit to the land of his birth accomplished. 
 O. G. Hedstrom returned to America, that same year, bringing his brother 
 Jonas back with his to his adopted country. . . I 
 
 Following his return to America. O. G. Hedstrom, up to that time a successful 
 tailor and merchant, abandoned secular jnirsuits for the ministry entering the 
 Xew York conference of the Methodist Episcopal church on probation in 1835, 
 laboring successfully in that connection as an Fnglish speaking Methodist 
 preacher, in various appointments, until 1845. when, on May I4th of that year, 
 he was a])pointed by the presiding bishop of the conference convened in the 
 Forsyth Street churcii. Xew York, to the Xorth River mission, the first in- 
 stance of a .Swedish Methodist minister being appointed to labor among Scan- 
 dinavians in America. But while serving English speaking churches, being 
 stationed in Xew York city and environments for ten years, from 1835 to 1845, 
 ^Ir. Hedstrom had done much missionary work among Swedish sailors and emi- 
 grants on 'ucoming vessels, and among these had won many converts, some of 
 whom, returning to the home land, ti^ld of their conversion, and their testimonies, 
 prayers, exhortations and interpretation of scri])ture, had the effect of arousing 
 an interest in religious and spiritual things, among large numbers of people in 
 all parts of Sweden, who were called "readers." because of their constant search- 
 ing of the scriptures and earnest effort to conform to its teaching. 
 
 Incidentally, out of this movement grew the Jansonist revival under Eric 
 Janson and Olof Olson, men of fine character, and unusual power and ability, 
 who coming in touch with O. G. He<lstrom and his converts in America and 
 Sweden, had experienced conversion. These godly men, and their ardent loyal 
 followers were subjected to persecution, imprisonment and confiscation of prop- 
 
I 
 
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 :-: 
 
. ' .. .-'. 
 
 '. ' - ' -- .: -^'-^ii..' . ' 
 
 '"' :-' '\-*->^^^-^ 
 
HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY - : 651 
 
 erty, and when opportunity offered in 1846, many Jansonists emigrated to America, 
 enduring great hardships and privations, but finally, successfully established in 
 Bishop Hill, Henry county, Illinois, a flourishing Swedish communistic colony. 
 To their original numbers were added many thousand more in the years 1847, 
 '48, '49, '50, '51, '52, '53, '54, '55 and later, and to these hardy, virile, honest, 
 godfearing men and women of the frozen northland, Illinois and her happy con- 
 tented successful citizen, owe no small meed of praise, for their early contribu- 
 tion to the prosperity and development of a great virgin state. 
 
 Beginning with his appointment to the North River mission in 1845, O. G. 
 Hedstrom commenced a service for his fellow countrymen, in his mother tongue, 
 that continued uninterruptedly through three full decades till 1875, when he 
 retired from active service, and two years later, on the 5th of May, 1877, was 
 summoned to his reward. The scene of this unwonted long service, was laid 
 in the North river. New York, the gateway to America for countless thousands 
 of Swedish emigrants coming here from 1845 to 1875. 
 
 Associated with George T. Cobb, whose gift of fifty dollars was the first 
 contribution for the cause, O. G. Hedstrom, with William G. Rogers and others 
 of the Asbury M. E. church of New York, purchased the good ship Henry 
 Seeds, lying in North river, rechristening it to the John Wesley, often famili- 
 arly and lovingly referred to as the Bethel ship, a veritable gospel ship, and 
 here, upon this ship, lying in its slip, tugging at its chains and anchor, seven 
 days in the week for thirty years, the precious gospel truth of full, free and 
 present salvation was sown with unsparing hand by this man of God and his 
 co-laborers ^but all the work done on the Bethel ship, John Wesley, was purely 
 missionary through the many years of its long existence, and its founder, reso- 
 lutely refused to surrender it for a permanent land work, although he lent his 
 aid to cottage work among his countrymen in Brooklyn and New York, which 
 eventually resulted in the organization of the Emanuel Swedish M. E. church 
 in Brooklyn in 1866, and the Lexington Avenue Swedish M. E. church in New 
 York city, in 1874. 
 
 Accompanying his brother O. G. Hedstrom to America on his return to the 
 land of his adoption in 1833, after his brief visit to Sweden, Jonas Hedstrom 
 spent the first five years of his life in this country in New York and Pennsyl- 
 vania, and in 1838 came to Illinois, stopping in Victoria, Knox county, where, 
 soon after his arrival, he married Diantha Sornberg. 
 
 The young people lived for a short time two miles east of Victoria, in a 
 neighborhood then called Earmington, but soon returned to Victoria, where Hed- 
 strom continued to live until his death. May ii, 1859. 
 
 A year after coming to Victoria, Jonas Hedstrom began to preach, and 
 since there were no people of his nationality there at that time, his services for 
 four or five years were conducted in English, until beginning with 1845, large 
 numbers of incoming Swedes settling in various points in Illinois supplied a con- 
 stituancy of his own countrymen, to whom he devoted himself thereafter exclu- 
 sively. Comparatively soon, now, the consequences of the coming of the 
 young Swede, Olof G. Hedstrom, to our friendly shores in 1825, his conversion 
 among English speaking Methodists, and attendent missionary efforts as lay- 
 man and preacher, with his own family, among his own countrymen, in the 
 
652 , HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY 
 
 fatherland and in New York harbor for a period of thirteen years, ripened in 
 the organization of the Swedish Methodist church, not by himself, in New York, 
 but by a convert his brother, a thousand miles removed from the scenes of his 
 own activity, in a little, inland, Illinois prairie town. 
 
 The Swedish Methodist mother church, founded December 15, 1846, in Vic- 
 toria, Illinois, by Jonas Hedstrom, the blacksmith lay-preacher, had indeed a 
 small beginning, the place of its birth being a tiny log house, in a little frontier 
 village, with an original, or charter, membership of only five souls, namely: 
 Jonas Hedstrom and wife, Andrew Hjelm and wife and Peter Newberg but 
 as in this article we follow the story of the progress of the Swedish Methodist 
 church from its beginning till the present time, even when endeavoring to give 
 credit to her men, ministry and laity, as the immediate agents of her advance- 
 ment, so remarkable appears her accomplishment, we shall be lead to exclaim 
 spontaneously, "What hath God wrought !" 
 
 After organization, the growth of the Victoria Swedish Methodist society 
 under Mr. Hedstrom's watchful care and zeal, was steady and constant, and it 
 soon assumed a magnitude and influence in the community of no mean propor- 
 tion, and now in 1912, after sixty-six years of splendid continuous history, and 
 having sent out scores of her people into Iowa. Nebraska and Kansas who have 
 organized and built up Swedish Methodist societies in those states, she has a 
 remaining membership of 120, and carries on all of the activities of a live ag- 
 gressive church. The ministers, who have served the mother church as stationed 
 pastors, after the passing of the circuit riders, are : N. O. Westergreen, V. Wit- 
 ting, Peter Newberg, Albert Ericson, N. Peterson, Lott Lindquist, J. H. Eks- 
 trand, H. W. Eklund, John Burstrom, A. Walgren, H. Olson, C. E. Livin, J. 
 B. Anderson, P. M. Johnson, Hugo Aim, J. A. Palmquist, Olof Johnson, J. P. 
 Miller, Otto A. Rabe, John Borgeson, Andrew Hermanson, Theodore N. Peter- 
 son, Martin Hess, H. W. Willing, Nels W. Bard and the present encumbent, A. 
 J. Strandell. - ; - > - ;. ^: 
 
 In 1847, in Peoria, Illinois, Mr. Hedstrom was admitted on trial in the Cen- 
 tral Illinois conference of the Methodist Episcopal church, and three years later, 
 July I, 1850, in Plainfield, Illinois, was ordained an elder by Bishop L. L. 
 Hamline, and with the prestige of the recognition and approval thus given him 
 by the church, Mr. Hedstrom was encouraged to begin an active campaign of 
 conservation and expansion, which resulted in gathering about himself, from 
 among his converts, a group of helpers and co-laborers, with whose assistance, 
 he pushed his activities beyond Victoria and environments, to more remote and 
 distant points. The first preachers sharing with Mr. Hedstrom the honors of 
 the extension of Swedish Methodism, after the founding of the mother church, 
 coming to him and the work in order named, were Andrew Ericson, John 
 Brown, Peter Challman, Peter Newberg, Eric Shogren, Victor Witting and 
 S. B. Newman, and the first circuit these seven men, with Hedstrom, traveled, 
 after the manner of the early Methodist follow up system of visitation, with Vic- 
 toria as the place of beginning, was Wataga, LaEayette, Knoxville, Galesburg, 
 Andover, ^loline, Geneseo and Chicago, all in Illinois, and New Sweden in 
 Iowa, and in 1854, the combined enrolled membership of these several places had 
 reached 480 souls, all gained by conversion, and profession of faith. 
 
HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY "-" - 653 
 
 In only four other places in Knox county, besides Victoria, namely, Wataga, 
 Knoxville, Altona and Galesburg was any work done by Mr. Hedstrom and co- 
 laborers for the very good reason that here only were found any Swedish set- 
 tlers, .r;. .> : : 
 
 In Knoxville and Altona small classes were formed, but no church organiza- 
 tion was effected or church building enterprise begun and in due time, through 
 removals, and merging into the English speaking Methodist churches, this mem- 
 bership was dissipated and Swedish Methodism at these points became extinct 
 but the work in Wataga and Galesburg proved permanent and together with 
 Victoria, constitute the places in Knox county, where the Swedish Methodist 
 church is actively at work in 1912. 
 
 The church in Wataga, although having a good house of worship and in its 
 earlier history especially a fairly strong membership, with rare exceptions has 
 had no resident pastors, being served instead in turn by the early circuit riders, 
 and pastors in charge of other nearby churches in Knox, Henry and Mercer 
 counties. 
 
 Until recently it has maintained a fine Sunday school but because of dimin- 
 ishing numbers have now abandoned it. The present church membership is 
 only twenty, and growing less, and ere long this society will have passed, but its 
 influence will remain long thereafter, for out of it into other churches in Wataga 
 and in western churches have gone splendid men and women who gratefully 
 and lovingly remember the Wataga Swedish Methodist church as their alma 
 mater in Christian teaching, piety and practice. 
 
 The Galesburg Swedish Methodist church, had its origin, primarily, in a 
 little class of Swedish worshipers and converts, gathered about Mr. Hedstrom 
 on his periodical visits, and this class was the nucleus also of the English speak- 
 ing, or First Methodist church, of Galesburg, for to the small body of Swedes, 
 attracted to Mr. Hedstrom's services, came too, increasing numbers of English 
 speaking sympathizers, who soon by very preponderance of numbers, became 
 the dominant body, and with their Swedish fellow Methodist, organized the 
 First Methodist church of Galesburg in 1847. The original Swedish class con- 
 tinued to fellowship and worship with the English church until 1848, when a 
 large number of Swedish new comers, coming direct to Galesburg from Sweden, 
 via New York and Olof G. Hedstrom's North River Bethel Ship mission, unable 
 to benefit by the English language in public services, required an exclusive 
 Swedish society, and then the Swedes, with the godspeed, blessing and material 
 aid of their English speaking brethren, withdrew from the First Methodist 
 church, and under Jonas Hedstrom, formally organized the Swedish Methodist 
 church, and built a little chapel of their own, on the north side of Ferris street, 
 between Seminary and Kellogg streets, which continued to be their church home 
 and scene of Christian work and activity until 1872, when the society built and 
 moved to their present church, at the corner of Waters and Kellogg streets. 
 
 The Galesburg church at present numbers a membership of three hundred, 
 owning excellent church and parsonage properties and is vigorous and 
 aggressive in all forms of Christian activities, and of her sons and daugh- 
 ters, not a few gifted, godly men and women, have gone out as ministers, mis- 
 sionaries and Sunday school workers, who in life and deed reflect great credit 
 
654 " HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY 
 
 upon this church and ministry, evidencing unmistakably, faithful and unfalter- 
 ing inculcation of the plain, sound doctrine and teaching of John Wesley, 
 through a period of sixty-five years or more. The ministers who have served 
 the Galesburg church are first the pioneer preachers as circuit riders, namely, 
 
 . Hedstrom, Brown, Challman, Newberg, Shogren, Witting, and Newman, fol- 
 :>., lowed beginning with 1857, by the stationed preachers, A. J. Anderson, Peter 
 
 ;' Newberg, Lott Lindquist, N. O. Westergreen, A. J. Anderson (second term), S. 
 B. Newman, N. O. Westergreen (second term), John Linn, Alfred Anderson, 
 O. Gunderson, H. W. Eklund, Eric Shogren, C. G. Nelson, Nels Eagle, A. G. 
 Johnson, Martin Hess, Olof Johnson, H. L. Lindquist, John W. Swenson, and the 
 present pastor, Theodore N. Peterson, whose service began with his appoint- 
 ment to the charge in September, 1910. 
 
 This space has been given to the Victoria, Wataga and Galesburg churches, 
 because they are Knox county institutions, and from them, following the causes 
 leading to their organization, emanate largely the infiuences developing into a 
 nation wide American Swedish Methodism and extending also into the three Scan- 
 dinavian countries, Sweden, Norway and Denmark. For thirty-one years after 
 the organization of the first society, the individual Swedish Methodist churches 
 
 ': found their conference connection within the boundary of some English speak- 
 ing conference, and scarcely thought of any other possible arrangement, until 
 : at a free conference or gathering held in Oiicago in 1866, the desirability of a 
 -: distinctively Swedish Methodist conference was earnestly discussed, and the 
 advisability of an appeal to the general conference for an enabling act, to or- 
 
 ganize such conference, seriously considered, but no movement looking to a 
 realization of this advance was made then, nor indeed, until a whole decade 
 later, when the general conference granted the petition of the Swedish churches 
 and preachers, and the North West Swedish Methodist Episcopal conference 
 was organized in Galesburg, Illinois, in September 1877, ^"d the magnitude of 
 the work, and field covered by this conference, may be seen, when it is realized 
 that the boundary of the conference extended from New York on the east, 
 westward, including churches in New York, Pennsylvania, Indiana, Illinois, 
 Wisconsin, Minnesota, Iowa, Nebraska, Kansas and Missouri. 
 
 One of the epoch marking events in the advance of the Swedish Methodist 
 1: ' .; . church as a body, was the establishment of its church organ Sandebudet (Mes- 
 r .;;/, senger) in 1860, in Chicago, a publication still existing, still growing, and now 
 -;...;. as ever a great force in furthering the interests of Swedish Methodism. A di- 
 : ';-' vinity school projected in 1870, temporarily operated in Galesburg for two years, 
 : ' .V and thereafter permanently located in Evanston, Illinois, greatly conducing to 
 -: v:' . the welfare and advancement of all of the societies, is one of the early big things 
 , , : .: . achieved by the Swedish Methodist church and reflects its wisdom and foresight, 
 ' ;;,.: for out of this school, for forty years, has come hei- best men, supplying her with 
 
 \^ ' able editors, professors, preachers and missionaries. 
 
 ; r^ > . From the foregoing, the discerning reader can readily trace the hand of 
 
 ,..':; providence, in meeting in an emergency, the spiritual needs of a poor, alien, 
 
 '.':-''. helpless people, and as easily, too, follow the same providential leading in the 
 
 . ' . raising up of men, and effecting means for the extension, expansion and larger 
 
 ;' ' - growth of a work peculiarly fitted to permanently influence and mould religious- 
 
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6S1 - V. HISTORY OF KXOX COUNTY - 
 
 upon this churcli aiul ministry, evidencing unmistakably, faithful and unfalter- 
 in.ij inculcation of the plain, sound doctrine and teaching of John \\'esley, 
 through a period of sixty-five years or more. The ministers who have served 
 the C'lalcsburg church are first the pioneer preachers as circuit riders, namely, 
 Hedstrom. I'>ro\vn. Challman, Xewberg, Shogren, Witting, and Newman, fol- 
 lowed beginning with 1857, by the stationed preachers. A. J. Anderson, Peter 
 Newberg, Lott Lindquist, N. O. Westergreen, A. J. Anderson (second term), S. 
 15. Newman, N. O. Westergreen (second term), John Linn, Alfred Anderson, 
 (). (lunderson. H. W. Eklund, Eric Shogren, C. G. Nelson, Nels Eagle, A. G. 
 Johnson, Martin Hess, Olof Johnson, H. L. Lindquist, John W. Swenson, and the 
 present ])astor. Theodore N. Peterson, whose service began with his appoint- 
 ment to the charge in September, 1910. 
 
 This sjiace has been given to the X'ictoria, Wataga and Galesburg churches, 
 because they are Knox county institutions, and from them, following the causes 
 leading to their organization, emanate largely the influences developing into a 
 nation wide American Swedish Methodism and extending also into the three Scan- 
 dinavian countries, Sweden, Norway and Denmark. Eor thirty-one years after 
 the organization of the first society, the individual Swedish Methodist churches 
 found their conference connection within the boundary of some English speak- 
 ing conference, and scarcely thought of any other possible arrangement, until 
 at a free conference or gathering held in Chicago in 1866, the desirability of a 
 distinctively Swedish Methorlist conference was earnestly discussed, and the 
 advisability of an appeal to the general conference for an enabling act, to or- 
 ganize such conference, seriously considered, but no movement looking to a 
 realization of this advance was made then, nor indeed, until a whole decade 
 later, when the general conference granted the petition of the Swedish churches 
 and preachers, and the North West Swedish Methodist Episcopal conference 
 was organized in dalesburg, Illinois, in September 1877, ''"*' ^'^^ magnitude of 
 the work, and field covered by this conference, may be seen, when it is realized 
 that the boundary of the conference extended from New York on the east, 
 westward, including churches in New York. Pennsylvania, Indiana. Illinois, 
 Wisconsin. Minnesota, Iowa, Nebraska, Kansas and Missouri. 
 
 One of the epoch marking events in the advance of the Swedish Methodist 
 church as a l)o(ly, was the establishment of its church organ Sandebudet (Mes- 
 senger) in 1860, in Chicago, a publication still e.xisting, still growing, and now 
 as ever a great force in furthering the interests of Swedish Methodism. A di- 
 vinity school projected in 1870. temporarily ojjcrated in (ialesburg for two years, 
 and thereafter permanently located in Evanston, Illinois, greatly conducing to 
 the welfare and advancement of all of the societies, is one of the early big things 
 achieved by the Swedish Methodist church and reflects its wisdom and foresight, 
 for out of this school, for forty years, has come her best men. supplying hef with 
 able editors, professors, preachers and missionaries. 
 
 From the foregoing, the discerning reader can readily trace the hand of 
 providence, in meeting in an emergency, the spiritual needs of a poor, alien, 
 helpless people, and as easily, too, follow the same providential leading in the 
 raising up of men, and effecting means for the extension, expansion and larger 
 growth of a work peculiarly fitted to permanently influence and mould religious- 
 
f 
 
 II 
 
HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY V"; V 655 
 
 ly, thousands upon thousands of Swedes, coming to America to make and build 
 homes, for while now, in this favored land, we have large bodies of Swedish 
 Evangelical Christian churches, other than the Methodist, some of which largely 
 overshadow her in numerical strength, and temporal wealth, it remains true, that 
 all of these owe something to her, as the pioneer church, forerunner, path- 
 finder, and advance agent of success, as seen from the view point of Christian 
 Swedish churches, and in this connection it is especially pleasant to chronicle, 
 that the disposition everywhere, by the informed, among her Swedish sister 
 churches of other denominations, is, to accord to her generous and grateful ac- 
 knowledgment, which she in turn, gracefully, and with becoming modesty ac- 
 cepts a situation which, if rare, yet at once is beautiful, and conducive to genu- 
 ine Christian unity. 
 
 In America, at the present time, the Swedish Methodist Episcopal church 
 . has four conferences, and one mission conference, namely : Central Swedish, 
 Western Swedish, Northern Swedish, Eastern Swedish, and Pacific Swedish 
 mission, outgrowths of the original North West Swedish conference, with an or- 
 dained and local ministry numbering three hundred and ten, and a total laity 
 membership of seventeen thousand six hundred and fifty four, and in addition 
 to churches and members shepherded by pastors within these conferences, also 
 has churches and pastors in the English Austin and Gulf conferences of Texas 
 and Lx)uisiana, which added easily raises the total Swedish Methodist con- 
 stituency in America beyond 18,000, and to this figure, to get the grand 
 total of the numerical strength of Swedish Methodism, is to be added also, three 
 hundred and four clerical, and seventeen thousand four hundred and four laity 
 members of the church in Sweden, a direct result of O. G. Hedstrom's work in 
 the Bethel ship in New York harbor and of Jonas Hedstrom's work in Victoria, 
 making a combined Swedish Methodist membership in Sweden and America, 
 of seven hundred and four preachers, and approximately thirty-six thousand 
 laymen. Nor is the harvest reaped through the agency of the Swedish Metho- 
 dist church, with the Hedstrom brothers as its founders, limited to the confines 
 of America and Sweden, for out of it too has grown the separate Norwegian 
 and Danish Methodist work in America, Norway and Denmark, and Methodist 
 Episcopal work in Finland, and Saint Petersburg, Russia. 
 
 Of the denominational enterprises and interests projected by the Swedish 
 Methodist church, are to be enumerated the Theological seminary at Evanston, 
 Illinois, with buildings valued at sixty-five thousand dollars, and an endowment 
 of forty thousand dollars. The Theological school of Sweden at Upsala having 
 a building worth four thousand dollars and an endowment of twenty-two thou- 
 sand dollars in American money a Swedish general college and educational in- 
 stitution at Austin, Texas Bethany Home at Ravenswood, Illinois, for aged 
 indigent people, with property valued at forty-five thousand dollars, and an en- 
 dowment of thirty-seven thousand, a similar home, recently launched at Clay 
 Center, Kansas, and yet another more lately projected in the Eastern Swedish 
 conference. A fiourishing paying book-publishing concern in Chicago, and one 
 in Sweden. Susanna Wesley home for homeless Swedish girls in Chicago, 
 Sandebudet, organ of the Swedish Methodist church in America; Epworth 
 Klockan, the young people's paper; Sondags-Skol Baneret, the Sunday school 
 
656 .. ; r HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY 
 
 publication, and Lilla Sandebudet, the organ of the church in Sweden, and ad- :. 
 ditional to these are a church fire insurance company, a ministerial life as- 
 surance company, and the Swedish Methodist Aid association now in its thirty- 
 fourth year, solvent, sound and secure as the Rock of Gibraltar, meriting and 
 enjoying universal confidence. ..-.. 
 
 That the indomitable spirit of conquest characteristic of John Wesley, founder 
 of Methodism, has been bequeathed in rich measure to the Swedish Methodist 
 church, is self evident, for, like him, it too deems the world to be its parish . 
 and therefore, the harbor of New York with its hundreds of thousands of on-. ; 
 coming Scandinavians, or the fertile plains of Illinois, the great pioneer west*, v- . 
 northwest, southwest, and Pacific states, the teeming cities of New England,, -'r. 
 nor Sweden, Finland or St. Petersburg, though generously yielding to the ap- 
 peal of her noble ambassadors of the cross, have been able to contain her, and 
 so today, in the sunrise or hermit kingdom. Doctor Garfield Anderson and 
 Sister Naomi, worthy son and daughter of a worthy sire, the Reverend Alfred 
 Anderson, first student and graduate of the Swedish Methodist Theological 
 seminary while located in Galesburg, now permanently established in Evanston, 
 are preaching the gospel of Christ and of Methodism, in Wonju, Korea, and 
 projecting and establishing a Swedish Methodist memorial hospital in that . 
 city, making Swedish Methodism synonymous with world wide Methodism, for, 
 from the rising to the setting of the sun, in a circle of ten thousand miles, her 
 preachers and missionaries may now be found and the proofs of her beneficent 
 ministry seen. '' 
 
 Concerning the polity and teaching of the Swedish Methodist church but 
 little, perhaps, if anything, need be said in this article, for these are identical 
 with that of the Methodist Episcopal church, of which the Swedish Methodist 
 church is an integral part, and are well known. In government it is Episcopal, 
 in form of worship ritualistic, in belief Armenian, and in method and manner 
 of work Evangelistic. Its law-making body is the general conference, which 
 meets once in a quadrennium, and is composed of the bishops, as presiding 
 officers, and of an equal number of clerical and lay delegates, representative of . 
 the whole church. - 
 
 The annual conference, a body corporate of the ministers within a given 
 conference boundary, of which, at the time of the last general conference, in 
 1908, there were 132, has the temporal and spiritual supervision of the churches 
 within its boundary. The quarterly conference is the authorized business body 
 of the local church, confirming acts of pastors, officials and committees, approv- r ; 
 ing and directing expenditures, and apportioning benevolences. ^ . .;:,' . 
 
 So faithful to the belief and teaching of the founder of the Methodist church v 
 are the pastors and churches of the Swedish Methodist church of today that 
 everywhere, in all of their societies, now as in the days of the Hedstroms, or of 
 the Wesleys and their co-workers, one may hear in sermon and exhortation the 
 doctrine of the fall of man, conditional election, atonement and possible uni- - .; . 
 versal redemption, salvation by grace, the danger of resisting grace, and pos- 
 sibility of falling from grace, while justification, the new birth and holiness or 
 sanctification, are proclaimed as the necessity and privilege, of all men in Christ : 
 Jesus. v\- ::.-'.' ; ':;, '-''':':--''''.: '::V--;:-:':::.''- ::\'--:': 
 
::;.;: V :;. f;; HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY ^ ^ . -.-/. 657 
 :^: -i;:;- BAPTIST CHURCH IN KNOX COUNTY ^^': ;v: , 
 
 'v^-.';''C^>' ','.''-'''-;:'':.. BY E. R. DRAKE -^ '-. .;:-:i^'':^'^-:^'.'y:\ 
 
 I am asked to tell, in a few words, what the Baptist denomination stands 
 for, what it has contributed to the cause of religion, and to human welfare, and 
 to give a short history of the Baptists of Knox county. 
 
 Prior to the German reformation, the expression of Christianity in de- 
 nominationalism was very limited, but with the right of private judgment and 
 freedom from ecclesiastical superiors, there arose a great variety of opinion in 
 the interpretation of the New Testament and so modern denominationalism was 
 the outgrowth, consequently, as a religious sect, the Baptists cannot claim a direct 
 succession from apostolic times, but they do claim a spiritual succession, for 
 the truths they have fostered and taught have always been held and practiced 
 by followers of the Christ, though under various names. 
 
 While these truths have, -in part, been upheld by other sects, it remains an 
 historical fact that the Baptists throughout their entire history, have consistently 
 stood for practically the same doctrines that they hold today. From the earliest 
 times, the Baptists have stood for the principle that religion is a personal matter 
 between soul and God and so from this fundamental truth there has been evolved 
 the statement which, probably more clearly and completely than any other ex- 
 pression, states the Baptist position, which they have always upheld, the doctrine 
 of the soul's competency in religious matters under God, and this doctrine was 
 a distinctive Baptist contribution to the world's thought. 
 
 The Biblical significance of the soul's competency is the right of the individual 
 to the interpretation of and obedience to the scriptures, which alone are ac- 
 cepted as the rule of faith and life. This doctrine in relation to the individual 
 means soul freedom, or the liberty of conscience. ,.- 
 
 Bancroft, the historian, says, regarding Roger Williams, the founder of the 
 First Baptist church in America, and also founder of the first commonwealth 
 (Rhode Island colony), in all history that exemplified the entire and absolute 
 separation of religious and civil affairs that "He (Williams), the the first person 
 in modern Christendom to assert in its plenitude the doctrine of the liberty of 
 conscience and the equality of opinion before the law. Williams would permit 
 persecutions of no opinion of religion, leaving heresy unharmed by law and 
 orthodoxy unprotected by the terrors of penal laws. Freedom of conscience, 
 unlimited freedom of mind was, from the first, the trophy of the Baptists." 
 
 The ecclesiastical* significance of this great doctrine of the competency of 
 the soul is, the equality of believers and a regenerate membership, or a mem- 
 bership where each individual for himself, having received an experience of 
 divine truth, has surrendered himself to Jesus Christ as savior and Lord. 
 
 Perhaps more than all other doctrines, this has been the cause of controversy, 
 strife, persecution and martyrdom of thousands in many lands, under many 
 names through centuries of intolerance and oppression. 
 
 The Pedo-Baptists, as the established church under various names was gen- 
 erally called, standing for the efficacy of infant baptism and sharing in the ad- 
 ministration of civil governments; while the Ana-Baptists, or Re-Baptizers, 
 stood for the baptism of believers only, using the scriptural mode of immersion. 
 
 Vol. 142 
 
658 HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY ^i 
 
 and always contending for the entire separation of the church from all civil mat- 
 ters. 
 
 A Baptist church is a simple democracy where each member has a voice and 
 ihe majority rule. Each church is a unit recognizing no higher ecclesiastical au- 
 thority than itself, and these churches are banded together solely for the purpose 
 of unifying and strengfthening denominational interests and promoting its great 
 missionary undertakings, which have been signally blessed throughout the world. 
 
 And lastly, the significance of this paramount doctrine of the soul's com- 
 petency, politically, is the entire separation of church and state; while other de- 
 nominations have shared with the Baptists in the promulgation of many phases of 
 religious truth, to them belong the credit of holding the unique position of al- 
 ways and everywhere advocating this great principle of the total separation of 
 all religious from civil affairs, which they claim as the very foundation of a 
 pure church and a stable government. ' .- 
 
 Very significant, indeed, in all Baptist history has been their love of liberty. 
 In the dark centuries preceding the reformation and afterwards; in Germany, 
 in Switzerland, in France, in Sweden and in England; in Cromwell's army on 
 land and on sea are found the liberty loving baptists. How very significant also 
 was the part they had in the great struggle for religious and civil liberty on 
 this side of the Atlantic, which resulted in the formation of this union of states, 
 the first government among men where all are guaranteed freedom of worship 
 and equality before the law. 
 
 Of deep interest in that early struggle for independence was the convention 
 called by the Baptist churches of the colony of Virginia, more than sixty in number 
 who met in Dover May, 1775, and adopted a petition asking for full religious 
 liberty, which petition was presented to that memorable convention called in 1775 
 by the colonies, "to consider the state of the county." A committee composed 
 of Jeremiah Waller, John Williams and George Roberts presented this petition 
 to the convention of delegates representing the colonies and enlisted as cham- 
 pions of the measure such leaders as Thos. Jefferson, James Madison and Patrick 
 Henry. 
 
 The constitution of the United States adopted in September, 1787, provides: 
 "No religious test shall ever be required as a qualification to any office or public 
 trust in the United States." The Baptists were not satisfied with this declara- 
 tion and again called a meeting of the churches of Virginia in March, 1788. 
 This movement, in which the Presbyterians joined, resulted in the first amend- 
 ment to the constitution, which reads : "Congress shall make no law respecting 
 an establishment of religion or prohibiting the free exercise thereof or abridging 
 the freedom of speech or of the press or the right of the people to assemble and 
 to petition the government for redress of grievances." 
 
 And thus was incorporated into the organic law of the land the old Baptist 
 doctrine of soul liberty, and the world for the first time in all its history saw a 
 great nation where men were free to worship God in their own way, with no 
 one to molest or make afraid. 
 
 The earliest Baptist preacher in Knox county was probably Elder John Lo- 
 gan, who organized the church in Knoxville and in other nearby settlements in 
 Stark, Fulton, Warren and other counties in the early '3os. Elder Stickney 
 was another pioneer preacher in this county and was the first resident pastor 
 of the Galesburg church, as will be shown later in this paper. 
 
':!;;-;>::i;:',;v/:;- ; J HISTORY OF KXOX COUNTY /^^ ; ;::;:.; 659 
 
 .;;;:?:''-'.;." THE FIRST BAPTIST CHURCH, GALESBURG . " 
 
 :' In 1837 the first colony came to this place from the east to establish a col- 
 lege. It was at the time when our great state was just emerging from a wilder- 
 ness of prairies. Springfield had just been made the capital. It was the year 
 when the murder of Elijah Lovejoy, the state's first martyr to the cause of 
 slavery, so agitated the people. The first railroad was in process of construc- 
 tion, but it was the prairie schooner that brought the ever-increasing immigra- 
 tion into the state. 
 
 These good people of the first colony founded the college, the third in the 
 state, and around it grew up the village, later the city, of Galesburg. Even 
 among the very earliest settlers there was here and there a Baptist. 
 
 But it was ten years later that a few Baptists commenced holding meetings 
 alternately between Knoxville and Galesburg. One of the first meetings was 
 held at the home of Geo. W. Crandall, which was located on West Main street. 
 This house is still standing and is now known as the Roberts' homestead. 
 
 .\mong the items of interest recorded we note this: After renewing the 
 covenant they appointed "Deacon March a committee to see Brother Barker for 
 not coming to meeting." (Good old days, when the deacons looked after the 
 derelict members.) They adjourned after voting to meet in Knoxville in four 
 weeks to consider about building a meetinghouse. . 
 
 At the Knoxville meeting it was voted to change the name and location of 
 the church and call it the First Baptist church of Galesburg, and so this meeting, 
 held January 15, 1848, marks our beginning as an organization, and on the I5th 
 day of January, 1912, the church passed its sixty-fourth milestone. At this same 
 meeting it was decided that the time had come to build a meetinghouse at Gales- 
 burg. Trustees were elected and a building committee appointed. The first 
 pastor of the church was the pioneer worker and missionary. Elder Stickney, 
 who received the munificent salary of $200 per year and was paid in part by 
 the church and in part of the Home Missionary society. In the spring of 1848 
 we find that delegates were appointed to the "Ottawd association," and we are 
 reminded that it was the beginning and early days for the Baptist cause in the 
 state. The associations were fewer and covered a greater extent of territory. 
 We get a glimpse into the spiritual life of the little church from this record: 
 "July I, 1848, covenant meeting. Prayer by Elder Stickney. After reading the 
 covenant all the brothers and sisters spoke, eighteen in all, and the blessed Jesus 
 was in our midst." 
 
 Elder Gross was the second pastor. He also received a salary of $200 per 
 year, payable quarterly, the church having the right to furnish such things as he 
 might need for his family at market price in Galesburg in payment thereof. 
 
 The meetings during this time were held in a district schoolhouse, situated 
 on Ferris street, east of Broad. Another meeting place was in the upper part 
 of the old brick wagon shop on West Main street, between West and Academy 
 streets. Cedar Fork (of local fame) furnished a baptistry, and many baptisms 
 took place about where the Santa Fe passenger depot now stands. By May 4, 
 1850, the membership had grown to 80. A site was finally secured on the corner 
 of Broad and Tompkins streets and the first meetinghouse begun July i, 1850. It 
 was not completed and dedicated until June 8, 1852. It was the first Baptist 
 
660 HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY o^ 
 
 meetinghouse in Knox county and was a well-built structure 32 feet by 45 feet, 
 with i8-foot posts, and cost about $2,500. 
 
 With the new meetinghouse came a time of rapid growth, and the church 
 received large accessions. At the first meeting in the new house it was re- 
 solved, "That we do something to start a Sunday school." 
 
 In October, 1855, Rev. Silas Tucker became pastor of the church. His was 
 a marked pastorate. He was a capable, bright preacher, and the house was soon 
 filled to overflowing. An effort was made to enlarge the house, and a commit- 
 tee appointed to carry out this plan. At no time had so many accessions been 
 made to the church. There seemed to be a spirit of constant revival. The 
 Sunday school also prospered. In the financial reports for 1856 we find the re- 
 ceipts to have been $1,362.95 and the expenditures $1,342.06; no deficit there. 
 A resolution of gratitude follows, and the pastor's salary was raised from $800 
 
 to $I,OOO. 
 
 An interesting bit of history in the late fifties was the coming of a Swedish 
 Baptist minister telling of the persecution and imprisonment of his brethren in 
 his native land. The story so impressed C. M. Carr that he insisted on taking 
 this man to the meeting of the Illinois River association, which was held that 
 year at Tremont, Tazewell county. A resolution was adopted by the association 
 and sent to Stephen A. Douglas, then United States senator from Illinois (whose 
 wife was a Baptist) and who gave the land for the first university of Qiicago, 
 requesting him to use his influence with President Buchanan to intercede for this 
 people. This was done through our ambassador at Stockholm and resulted in 
 a great step forward in the progress of religious liberty in that country. ";; v" 
 
 In the spring of 1858 clouds gathered and the sky was darkened. Paul found 
 it necessary in writing to the church at Corinth to say: "I beseech you, brethren, 
 by the name of our Lord Jesus Christ, that there be no divisions among you." 
 And from that day on nearly every church has need at some time of that same 
 appeal. We are told that one of the first points of difference was whether it 
 were wise to accept the gift of a library from an eastern Sunday school, a con- 
 tribution of children. Some thought it ought to be received, while others felt 
 that we were well able to provide for our own needs and it should be sent where 
 they were really poor. It was a trifling matter, but the principle at stake was 
 an important one. Then they were divided on the question of enlarging. Some 
 thought the church was large enough and did not want to go in debt. Others 
 wanted to go ahead, to keep abreast of the spirit of the times and of the town, 
 and enlarge the house. Pastor Tucker thought the small room was injuring his 
 voice and a large room would be easier to speak in. Mole hills grew into moun- 
 tains, until finally there was a division. May i, 1859, forty-one were dismissed 
 by letter to form a new church. At the same meeting ten were received for bap- 
 tism, and at the communion service next day it is recorded that a larger number 
 were present than ever before. >,?.-'; - ' \ 1 "^ ''x^ - 
 
 The work of enlarging the church was undertaken and completed in Septem- 
 ber, 1858. By this addition the seating capacity of the church was nearly doubled. 
 
 We find the first meeting of a choir in a resolution passed on February 13, 
 1859, to the effect "that the church have choir singing and employ someone to 
 play the melodeon." The first leader of the choir was Jos. Bristol. On the first 
 Sunday in April, 1859, Elder Tucker closed his pastorate and for some time the 
 
;';-;.\:;^.^ v:.v\v .;V HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY - / >;/: 661 
 
 church was pastorless. Then we have in rapid succession the names of Eastes, 
 Daniels, Johnson, Green and Northorp. These pastorates were short, but we 
 cannot tell as to the degree of sweetness. September i, 1864, Rev. W. W. Moore 
 was settled upon a salary of $550 and a donation. (Oh the bliss of those dona- 
 tions. What joy the preachers' children are deprived of in this day. Santa 
 Claus and Christmas are nowhere!) 
 
 In regard to the forty-one who were dismissed, they held a number of meet- 
 ings at the residence of Timothy Walker, in the northeast corner of the square, 
 and a few days after their dismissal some fifteen of them effected an organiza- 
 tion. Many names among the fifteen are familiar to many of us : Kingsberry, 
 Leach, Moulton, Horton, Bates, Ferris, Drake, Clark. S. A. Kingsberry, brother 
 of our late Deacon Kingsberry, became pastor of the new church. During the 
 summer of 1859 the Cherry street church building was erected at a cost of 
 $2,500. -j-\. . ;';;:;. ^-v^'-v.;- 
 
 This building still stands on the southeast corner of Cherry and South streets 
 and is now occupied by our colored Baptist brethren. Mr. Kingsberry was 
 greatly beloved and his preaching thoroughly enjoyed ; but when the rebellion 
 broke out in i86i he resigned and went into the army as chaplain. 
 
 Rev. Isaac Fargo was next called to the pastorate and remained with the 
 church until through his wise efforts the two churches were reunited in Novem- 
 ber, 1864. So the Cherry Street church had but these two pastors, Kingsberry 
 and Fargo. While both have passed tc the great beyond, yet their lives still 
 live, for they were ideal men and have left to us a blessed memory. 
 
 From, the very start of his pastorate, which began June, 1862, Mr. Fargo 
 felt that it was a mistake to have two churches and so directed his efforts toward 
 a union. The winter following his settlement the church enjoyed a gracious re- 
 vival, some fifty uniting. The time was opportune for carrying out his earnest 
 desire, for all hearts were united in their great anxiety for the nation's safety. 
 There came a time in the early part of 1863, which was the darkest time in our 
 civil war, that congress set apart a day of fasting and prayer for the success 
 of our armies. At Mr. Fargo's suggestion the Cherry Street church invited the 
 First church to unite with them in this solemn observance. The meeting, which 
 took place in the old First church and was led by Mr. Fargo, lasted three hours. 
 And as they prayed together in the great common cause their hearts were drawn 
 closer and the very next day steps toward a union were taken. In his unselfish 
 interest Mr. Fargo resigned, not wishing in any way to stand in the way of a 
 union that should be genuine and equal. I cannot go into full details, but only 
 say that through this good pastor's efforts the union was consummated. There 
 was only one hitch in the progress of affairs, and that nearly proved fatal. Be- 
 fore the first steps toward a union had been taken Rev. Moore had been called 
 to the First church, and when he came advocated the maintenance of the two 
 churches, and for several weeks the union was postponed. But he saw his mis- 
 take and negotiations were reopened and brought to a harmonious close Novem- 
 ber 6, 1864. On the first Sabbath in November the union was celebrated in the 
 First Baptist church. Mr. Moore officiated. The next evening Mr. Fargo pre- 
 sided at the business meeting. As Brother Fargo had accepted a call elsewhere, 
 Brother Moore was settled as pastor over the church. J. P. Bates was chosen 
 clerk. The deacons were C. Leach, Jr., and E. Ray from the Cherry Street 
 church; Jno. Purdy and C. A. Hincklev from the First church. '. -. 
 
662 HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY 
 
 The building and lot on Broad street were sold to the city and passed into 
 the hands of the board of education, and to-day upon that site stands our beauti- 
 ful high school building. In the transaction the church received the present lot. 
 In May, 1865, W. D. Clark was called as pastor and began his labors in June. 
 Now all the energies of both pastor and people were turned toward the erection 
 of a new church. The Cherry Street church soon became too small to hold the 
 congregation and it was decided to use Caledonia hall, the leading public hall of 
 the city at that time. In the winter of 1866 a great revival swept over the city ; 
 the churches united and the pastors, shoulder to shoulder, carried forward the 
 work without help, preaching in turn every night. There was Dr. Beecher, Dr. 
 Perkins, Dr. Duffield and others, including the pastor. And the Christian people 
 went by twos into all the homes and carried the message. It was the greatest 
 revival up to that time in the history of the church, and at one time the hand 
 of fellowship was given to 75. 
 
 The great revival did not detract, but rather added zest to the plans for build- 
 ing a new house, and in 1866 plans were agreed upon by the church and the new 
 house of worship begun. When completed it was a beautiful structure and stood 
 for many years at the head of church architecture in this city. It cost $30,000, 
 a sum very much larger than was expected, and entailed upon the church a debt 
 which was not lifted for some years. 
 
 Pastor Clark closed his labors here January 12, 1868, and left the church 
 larger and stronger than ever. Many of the most influential members the church 
 has had came in during his pastorate. The congregations were the largest thus 
 far in the history of the church. 
 
 In February, 1868, J. H. Griffith accepted the pastorate of the church, and 
 on April 9, 1868, the edifice was dedicated, the pastor preaching the sermon. It 
 was a very impressive sermon and is still remembered by many. Rev. I. Fargo 
 preached in the evening. It was a great day for the church and marked a great 
 advancement Qf the Baptist interest in this city. A new house of worship, a 
 strong pastor and a strong church membership all foretold the progress which 
 was made during the pastorate of this really eminent preacher and pastor. 
 
 The amount subscribed on the day of dedication was sufficient to pay all 
 claims, had the pledges all been paid, but they were not. With arrearages on 
 current expenses each year and lo per cent interest paid on borrowed money, 
 the church found itself greatly burdened. When Dr. Wm. M. Haigh was settled 
 as pastor, October, 1873, the church was in a financial strait. But by a most 
 heroic effort of pastor and people the burden of indebtedness was lifted. Too 
 much praise cannot be given Wm. M. Haigh for his wise leadership and busi- 
 ness administration of affairs during those years. At the close of his pastorate, 
 August, 1877, the debt with accumulated interest was all paid but about $2,000, 
 and it had taken nearly $14,000 to accomplish this. At that time the church 
 had 340 members. 
 
 W. H. H. Templeton was the next pastor, and following him Rev. J. W. T. 
 Booth, who served the church from March, 1878, until September, 1880. He 
 was a preacher of much ability and has filled a number of important pulpits in 
 the east since his removal from Galesburg. 
 
 There are those whom we love to honor, and as I come to name the next 
 pastor, I am sure that a thrill of gratitude and love will fill many hearts. O. 
 
:;:C:.; :::-;:.:- HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY :^;'' 088 
 
 A. Williams came to the church April, i88i, and remained its pastor till No- 
 vember I, 1886. We would write over this pastorate in large letters: "Spiritual 
 enlargement," Dr. Williams won for himself by his kind, friendly, Christian 
 spirit the confidence and affection of the whole community. 
 
 During his pastorate i8o were baptized, and the membership reached the 
 highest point in its history, 437. 
 
 After Mr. Williams left, the church was without a pastor about one and a 
 half years, but work did not stop, "the Baptists go right on just the same, 
 whether they have a pastor or not." 
 
 ; J. B. Woodland came to the pastorate in May, 1888, from Nova Scotia. This 
 was his first pastorate in the United States. He was a man of deep sympathy 
 and an eloquent preacher. Thirty were baptized during his pastorate, which 
 closed November i, 1889. 
 
 Our next pastor, O. W. Van Osdel, came to us in January, 1890. His 
 pastorate was the longest in the history of tlie church, extending over nearly 
 six years. The most of you know how much of success and adversity, heart- 
 ache and rejoicing were crowded into those six years. During the first year 
 came the purchase of our pipe organ. It was made possible by an offer made 
 by our late sister, Mary C. Ferris, to give a generous sum toward its purchase. 
 It was a fine instrument, and was dedicated in November, 1891. Our present 
 instrument was purchased to take its place, and stands as a memorial of one 
 who for more than fifty years was a faithful member and worker in this 
 church. During the year of 1892, the church building was thoroughly re- 
 paired, outside and in, and preparations were about completed for a great mis- 
 sionary conference, which was to be held in the church, when, without a 
 moment's warning, the flames burst forth and soon our beautiful church, doubly 
 dear to us because of its memories, lay in ashes at our feet. Will we ever 
 forget the sight, as the fire crept higher and higher until that tall spire was 
 enveloped in flames that seemed to scorch our very heart strings. The fire oc- 
 curred on Monday at 5:45, December 19, 1892. That same evening a meeting 
 was held at the home of S. H. McOmber, and it was fine to see the undaunted 
 spirit of courage and pluck that was shown by the pastor and those men, the 
 officers of the church. 
 
 Before the embers had died out they were planning for this new church, 
 which was to rise from the ashes of the old. Nothing stopped. The Sunday 
 services were held in the circuit court room, and prayer meeting in Miss Strong's 
 kindergarten school building. The cornerstone of the new house was laid 
 June 15th, and the first service, a prayer meeting, held December 6th, and the 
 formal opening January 21, 1894. 
 
 The total cost of the building and furniture was $33,834, of which amount 
 $9,209 remained unpaid at the time of opening. What joy it was again .to have 
 a church home. Following the opening came a series of meetings in which 
 many were brought to Christ. At the close of the meetings 115 members were 
 received at one communion service. 
 
 September 29, 1895, Pastor Van Osdel resigned, after these six years of 
 earnest, faithful work. For five months after Dr. Van Osdel left, the church 
 was without a pastor, but we were simply waiting, quietly and patiently, for 
 the man we wanted, keeping in mind the adage, "all things come to him that 
 
: 664 HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY 
 
 ^ waits." And our patience was amply rewarded, for on March 20, 1896, Dr. W. 
 H. Geistweit accepted a call to the pastorate of this church. Soon our house 
 was filled to overflowing. The Sabbath evening congregations taxed the seat- 
 
 : ing capacity of our large house to its utmost. Our mid-week meetings were 
 
 ? large and filled with a lively, blessed enthusiasm. Never was a pastor better 
 loved, and never did a pastor more earnestly strive to lead his people to higher 
 ideals of Christian living. But I am dealing with very recent history. During 
 
 '; this pastorate we celebrated the fiftieth anniversary of the church. But we 
 
 were to keep our pastor only three years; during which time about loo were 
 
 . received into the church, seventy by Baptism. Then Chicago, ever ready to 
 
 . take the best, reached out her hand and he was gone. We accepted his resignation 
 
 ., because he told us to. 
 
 > We did not wait long for our next pastor. On March 8, 1899, by a unani- 
 mous vote. Dr. T. G. Soares was called to the pastorate. He came to us on 
 the first Sunday in April, as did his predecessor. He found the church laboring 
 
 ' over the debt question, and soon after his coming the debt was bonded, thus 
 reducing the interest considerably. The mission school, now called Cameron 
 
 chapel, was some of the fruitage resulting from this pastor's earnest labors. But 
 we were not to enjoy in peace for long our scholarly preacher, of whom the 
 
 , church had become very fond and proud. Once more that rapacious city 
 ! stretched forth her hand, and our paster was no more, for he had been called 
 up to Chicago. He had been with us three years, and during that time, one 
 ' hundred were added to the church. . ' 
 
 July 12, 1902, Rev. J. Y. Aitchison was called to be our pastor. The $9,000 
 
 debt on the church building hung heavy over our heads, and the pastor's 
 
 Scotch blood rebelled. He made up his mind it must be lifted. One morning 
 
 . we awakened to the fact that the thing was done ; it seemed to us almost in a 
 
 night, but in reality it had taken twelve weeks of steady, untiring work, per- 
 formed by one man, and he preached to us two sermons every Sunday and kept 
 up his many other pastoral duties. Will we ever cease to wonder how it was 
 accomplished? Pledges to the amount of $11,283.36 were secured, $9,450 for 
 
 ^ bonds and accrued interest, $1,833.36 for repairs and floating debt. And the 
 
 : pledges were paid without one cent shrinkage. Now we were ready to dedicate 
 
 ' our church. Jubilee services were held January 17-21, 1904, in recognition of 
 
 ; the tenth anniversary of the opening of the church edifice, and the liquidation 
 
 of the debt. And all along through these years souls have been saved and 
 
 - added to the church, 532 have been received into the membership of the church, 
 
 ' 349 by baptism; 244 of this number have united with us (176 of these by 
 
 baptism) since October i, 1907, as the fruitage of the great Sunday meetings. 
 
 Within the last fifteen years the church has lost many of its old and tried 
 
 , members. Deacons Lewis and Kingsberry, Wyrum, Wiswell, Deacon Benner 
 
 and wife, Charles Waste and C. G. Selleck. 
 ': Pastor Aitchison resigned in December, 1909, to become the joint secretary 
 
 of American Baptist Foreign and Home Missionary societies. His pastorate 
 of over seven years will always be remembered as one of the memorable epochs 
 
 . in our history. It was a period of growth materially, as well as spiritually, the 
 membership rising to the 900 mark. 
 
 Januar\', 1910, the church called Rev. Frank E. R. Miller, of Grand Forks, 
 
 ' ' 
 
SWEDISH BAPTIST CHURCH - .- 
 
 Located on North Chambers Street, near North Street. Organized in 1888. Building erected in 1898. 
 Value, $7,500. 
 
664 ;. HISTORY OF KXOX COUNTY 
 
 waits." And our patience was amply rewarded, for on March 20, 1896, Dr. W. 
 H. Geistweit accepted a call to the pastorate of this church. Soon our house 
 was filled to overliowing-. The Sabbath evening congregations taxed the seat- 
 ing capacity of our large house to its utmost. Our mid-week meetings were 
 large and filled with a lively, blessed enthusiasm. Never was a pastor better 
 loved, and never did a pastor more earnestly strive to lead his people to higher 
 ideals of Christian living. But 1 am dealing with very recent history. During 
 this pastorate we celebrated the fiftieth anniversary of the church. lUit we 
 were to keep our pastor only three years ; during which time about loo were 
 received into the church, seventy by Baptism. Then Chicago, ever ready to 
 take the best, reached out her hand and he was gone. We accepted his resignation 
 because he told us to. 
 
 We did not wait long for our next pastor. On March 8, 1899, by a unani- 
 mous vote. Dr. T. G. Soares was called to the pastorate. He came to us on 
 the first Sunday in April, as did his predecessor. He found the church laboring 
 over the debt question, and soon after his coming the debt was bonded, thus 
 reilucing the interest considerably. The mission school, now called Cameron 
 chapel, was some of the fruitage resulting from this pastor's earnest labors. But 
 we v.'cre not to enjov in i)eace for long our scholarly preacher, of whom the 
 church had liecome very fond and jiroud. Once more that rapacious city 
 stretched forth her hand, and our pastor was no more, for he had been called 
 up to Chicago. Me had bct-n with us three years, and during t'nat time, one 
 hundred were added to the church. 
 
 July 12. 1902. Rev. J. Y. Aitchison was called to be our pastor. The $9.000 
 debt on the church building hung heavy over our heads, and the pastor's 
 Scotch blood rebelled. He made up his mind it must 'je lifted. ( )ne morning 
 we awakened to the fact that the thing was done: it seemed to us almost in a 
 night, but in reality it had taken twelve weeks of steady, untiring work, jjcr- 
 formed by one man. and he preached to us two scrtiions every Sutiday and kept 
 U]) his many other pastoral duties. \\'ill we ever cease to wonder how it was 
 accomplished? Pledges to the amount of $11.283.36 were secured. $9.450 for 
 bonds and accrued interest, $1.833.36 for repairs and floating debt. And the 
 pledges were ])aid without one cent shrinkage. Now we were ready to dedicate 
 our church. Jubilee services were held January 17-21. 1904, in recognitirm of 
 the tenth anniversary of the ojietiing of the church edifice, and the liquidation 
 of tl;e debt. And all along through these years souls have been saved and 
 added to the church. 532 have l>cen received into the membership of the church, 
 349 by baptist!! ; 244 of this nutnber have ut!itcd with us (176 of these by 
 bai)tis!!i) since October i, 1907. as tiic fruitage of the great Sut!day t!!eetings. 
 
 \\ ithit! the last fifteen years the church has lost many of its old and tried 
 met!!bers. Deacons Lewis and Kingsberry. \\'yrum. Wiswell, Deacon P.enner 
 and wife, Charles Waste and C. fi. Selleck. 
 
 Pastor Aitchisnn resigned in December. 1909. to become the joint secretary 
 of Americat! Baptist Foreign and Hon!e Missionary societies. His pastorate 
 of over seven years will always be remembered as one of the t!!en!orable epochs 
 in our history. It was a period of growth ti!aterially, as well as spiritually, the 
 nK't!!bership rising to the 900 mark. 
 
 January, 1910, the church called Rev. Frank F. R. Miller, of Grand Forks, 
 
SUKIilSIl r.Al'TlST fllL'KC II ' ' 
 
 Located on Xortli I'liamhers Strci-l, near Nurtli Stm-l. ( i!,'aiiizi-il in 1>. Ituil.linn cri-cU-iI ill 1898. 
 Value, $7,.'iiii). 
 
' HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY /;'' 665 
 
 North Dakota, to the pastorate. He came March i, 1910, and still serves the 
 church with eminent satisfaction and success. He is a preacher of unusual 
 ability, showing in every sermon, in every prayer meeting and in all other 
 services, that painstaking care in preparation which characterizes the trained 
 and skilled workman. He is, moreover, a gospel preacher and has already had 
 the privilege of welcoming into the church membership a large number of 
 confessors. 
 
 \ 'X/Vy;;: THE ONTARIO BAPTIST CHURCH ; , "^ v' 
 
 \-:v':";/ -li - -'.i ^^^ BY MRS. B. F. COLWELL . - : 
 
 .- .-. October, 1836, Isaac M. Wetmore came from Whitesboro, Oneida county, 
 New York, and settled on a farm in Ontario, Knox county, Illinois. He brought 
 his church letter and put it in the nearest Baptist church, which was at Knox- 
 ville, Illinois. 
 
 Soon after Mr. and Mrs. Cyrus Robbins came from the east and they united 
 with the church at Knoxville. i-c, 
 
 March gth, 1844, a Baptist church was organized in Henderson, Knox county, 
 and as it was much nearer Ontario Isaac M. Wetmore, Mr. and Mrs. Cyrus Rob- 
 bins and Abram S. Clearwater united with it. Rev. A. Gross was the pastor. 
 
 April 29, 1854, a Baptist church was organized at Ontario, Knox county, Illi- 
 nois, with the following members: Isaac M. Wetmore, Abram S. Clearwater, 
 Mr. and Mrs. Cyrus Robbins, Asher H. Wetmore, Miss Cornelia Wetmore 
 (Crane), Miss Olive T. Wetmore (Cone), Miss Cynthia Robbins (Shaw), Mr. 
 T. Scott Cone, Mr. Newton Robbins, Mr. Jackson Rodgers, Mr. George E. Boo- 
 strom, Mr. Oliver Ide, R. S. Johnson, pastor. I. S. Wetmore elected deacon, and 
 remained during his life. 
 
 This church has alwaj's been self-supporting. After their organization in 
 1854 they bought out those who had assisted them in building a union house in 
 1852, at a great sacrifice to some of the members. In 1874 they erected a good 
 eight-room parsonage. They always gave very liberally to missions. They had 
 many good pastors John Wilder, Silas Tucker, D. D., C. C. Moore, J. B. Con- 
 yers, B. F. Colwell, Isaac Fargo, A. R. Godwin, Wm. H. Dickman, C. L. Fland- 
 ers and others. Their influence has circled the globe, and eternity alone can 
 reveal the good that little church accomplished. 
 
 February 20, 1858. a number were dismissed from the Ontario Baptist church 
 to help organize a Baptist church in Oneida, with John Wilder as pastor, who sup- 
 plied both churches for several years. He was followed by Silas Tucker, D. D., 
 J. B. Conyers, B. F. Colwel! and others. They built a good house of worship, 
 had a large congregation and flourishing Sunday school. The building was de- 
 stroyed by a cyclone. The people were discouraged and never rebuilt. Pitt H. 
 and Penn E. Moore were baptized into this church. Pitt has spent thirty-two 
 3'ears in Nowgong, Assam, India. He has translated the New Testament, 
 Psalms, hymns, schoolbooks and many other helpful books into the Assamese 
 language and has a large school connected with the mission. Penn E. Moore has 
 been laboring in India twenty years. He is at Kampar, India. He has been 
 greatly afflicted, but his whole heart is in the work. He has one son in this 
 
660 ' HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY 
 
 country. His mother's last message to him was, to "always make known the 
 Lx>rd Jesus." Mathew Samuelson organized a church at Stromsburg, Nebraska, 
 which was a flourishing church according to last accounts. Peter Gipson organ- 
 ized and practically supported a church in Altona. Many have gone west and 
 are carrying on the good work one as a Sunday school missionary in California. 
 
 After many deaths and removals the few left did not feel able to sustain a 
 pastor. The parsonage was sold and moved to Wataga June 22, 1911. Mrs. Mar- 
 garet Clearwater bought the church building and land. One thousand dollars 
 ($i,ooo) was deposited with the Peoria Baptist association, to be held in trust 
 for Ontario should they be able to build again, the rest of the money going to 
 Galesburg to help in Baptist mission work. Thus those historic bufldings have 
 passed away, but the sweet memory of that church will live in the hearts of 
 many while life lasts. 
 
 The first Sunday school in Ontario was organized in 1836 in the log cabin 
 of Isaac M. Wetmore and removed to the schoolhouse, when one was built, and 
 afterward to the church, where Mr. Wetmore was superintendent for many 
 years. 
 
 Many very amusing anecdotes could be related in regard to the class of peo- 
 ple who attended this school. They could not understand why anyone would 
 teach without remuneration, so when the Whitesboro church sent a Sunday school 
 library they were very much frightened and were sure they would have to pay. 
 
 April 4th, 1873, the ladies of the Baptist church in Ontario organized a 
 home and foreign missionary society and appxjinted Mrs. Emily Moore president, 
 C. A. Wetmore secretary. At their twenty-fifth anniversary they reported hav- 
 ing sent two thousand seven hundred and seventy-five dollars to the missionaries, 
 besides clothing, etc. At the present time three members are supporting three 
 native teachers in India. 
 
 Isaac M. Wetmore circulated the first . temperance pledge in Ontario and 
 met more opposition on election day than we do now, for the candidates fur- 
 nished "free whiskey in barrels and drank from dippers," threatening to burn 
 out all who would not drink. Isaac M. Wetmore also kept an underground sta- 
 tion, where the Galesburg people brought fugitives during the night and he took 
 them to Andover in the morning. .:'---.; 
 
 ;;; '.: THE CATHOLIC CHURCH IN KNOX COUNTY 
 
 ; V V ^: N BY REV. BERNARD ROE, O. C. i ^.' ^K^ : .- ^ : '.; :^ '; 
 
 The Catholic church is a union of all those who believe in Christ and are 
 bound together under one head, who is called the Pope. The very word "cath- 
 olic" implies universality, and, therefore, the Catholic church must extend 
 throughout all ages and her aim is to reach every portion of the world, accord- 
 ing to the command of Christ to His apostles, "Go ye and teach all nations." 
 The bond of union in the Catholic church is very close and strong. Each sep- 
 arate congregation is united under its pastor, the various pastors are united un- 
 der the bishop of the diocese, and all of the bishops of the whole Catholic world 
 
660 HISTORY OF KXOX COUNTY , ' 
 
 country. His mother's last message to him was, to "always make known the 
 Lord Jesus." ^lathew Samuelson organized a church at Stromsburg, Nebraska, 
 which was a flourishing church according to last accounts. Peter Gipson organ- 
 ized and practically supported a church in Altona. Many have gone west and 
 are carrying on the good work one a? a Sunday school missionary in California. 
 
 After many deaths and removals the few left did not feel able to sustain a 
 pastor. The parsonage was sold and moved to \\'ataga June 22, 191 1. Mrs. Mar- 
 garet Clearwater bought the church building and land. One thousand dollars 
 ($i.ooo) was (lei)osited with the I'eoria r.ajjtist association, to IK held in trust 
 for ( )ntario should they be able to build again, the rest of the money going to 
 Gale>burg to help in IJaptist mission work. TIuis diose historic buildings have 
 passed away, but the sweet memory of that church will live in the hearts of 
 many while life lasts. 
 
 The first Sunday school in Ontario was organized in 1836 in the log cabin 
 of Isaac M. \\'etmore and removed to the schoolhouse, when one was built, and 
 afterward to the church, where Mr. \\'etmore was superintendent for many 
 years. : - ..;'.[. 
 
 Many very amusing anecdotes could lie related in regard to the class of peo- 
 ple who attended this school. They could not understand why anyone would 
 teach without remuneration, so when the \\'hitesboro church sent a Sunday school 
 library they were very much frightened and were sure they would have to pay. 
 
 April 4th, 1873, the ladies of the Baptist church in Ontario organized a 
 home and foreign missionary society and appointed Mrs. Emily Moore president, 
 C. A. Wetmore secretary. At their twenty-fifth anniversary they reported hav- 
 ing sent two thousand seven hundred and seventy-five dollars to the missionaries, 
 besides clothing, etc. At the present time three members are supporting three 
 native teachers in India. 
 
 Isaac M. Wetmore circulated the first temperance pledge in Ontario and 
 met more opposition on election day than we do now, for the candidates fur- 
 nished "free whiskey in barrels and drank from dippers," threatening to burn 
 out all who would not drink. Isaac M. \\'etmore also kept an underground sta- 
 tion, where the Galesburg people brought fugitives during the night and he took 
 them to Andover in the morninjr. 
 
 THE CATHOLIC CHURCH IN KNOX COUNTY 
 BY REV. BicRXARD ROE, O. C. 
 
 The Catholic church is a union of all those who believe in Christ and are 
 lx)und together under one head, who is called the Poi>e. The very word "cath- 
 olic" implies universality, and, therefore, the Catholic church must e.xtend 
 throughout all ages and her aim is to reach every portion of the world, accord- 
 ing to the command of Christ to His apostles, "Go ye and teach all nations." 
 The bond of union in the Catholic church is very close and strong. Each sep- 
 arate congregation is united under its pastor, the various pastors are united un- 
 der the bishop of the diocese, and all of the bishops of the whole Catholic world 
 

 2' 
 I 
 
HISTORY OF KXOX COUNTY 667 
 
 are united under their common head, the bishop of Rome. The bishop of Rome, 
 who is the successor of St. Peter, and who is regarded as the vicar of Christ on 
 earth, is the supreme authority, and from him descends authority to the indi- 
 vidual bishop and through them to the priests. . '. 
 
 There are two great divisions in the CathoHc church that are called the 
 "church teaching" and the "church taught." The "church teaching" means those 
 who have authority, from Christ, to teach, and these are the bishops, with the 
 pope at their head. The "church taught" means the whole congregation of the 
 faithful, including the priests and lower clergy. While the priests are often re- 
 garded as teachers, they are not really the authority for teaching, but their of- 
 fice is to learn and study better the teaching of the church and then to make it 
 known and explain it to the people and urge them to the belief and practice. 
 
 The main principle of government, in the Catholic church, is authority. 
 This is based on the Holy Scriptures, for Christ said to his Apostles, and, con- 
 sequently, to the teaching authorities of the church, "He that heareth you, hear- 
 eth me He that despiseth you, despiseth me." Again, in another passage of 
 the Holy Scriptures, "li he will not hear the church, let him be to you as a 
 heathen and a publican." Once more Christ said to his Apostles, and therefore 
 to the church, "All authority g^ven me in heaven and on earth," "as the 
 Father hath sent me, I also send you." He said to them again, "Go ye and teach 
 ,; all nations." The authority then, for the teaching power in the church of 
 \. God, is derived from Christ. Therefore, all Catholics know that in obeying 
 her teaching, that is the bishop's and their head, the bishop of Rome, they are 
 .' obeying Christ, who gave them power and authority. ^ ., 
 
 ;f : . :.. .: . ;-.,: ; THE TEACHING OF THE CATHOLIC CHURCH : V 
 
 . ^ ; '",:'. -^ :--; j : ' : ... 
 
 ' : The teachings of the Catholic church are contained in the Apostles' creed 
 and the ten commandments. All other, is only a development, or an explana- 
 tion of these fundamentals. The Catholic church teaches the doctrine of the 
 Holy Trinity, namely, that God is one in nature (that is. in His essence), and 
 three in person. She teaches us that, to God the Father, the first person of the 
 blessed trinity, is attributed the work of creation and the preserving and main- 
 . taining of the universe, and, therefore, that our own existence, as human 
 creatures, is specially dependent on the Eternal Father. She teaches again, 
 that God the Son, the second person of the blessed trinity, is the Redeemer and 
 Savior of the human race. In other words, that it is only by the merits of 
 ,, Christ's passion and death that men can be saved. Again, she tells us that 
 it is the work of the Holy Ghost, the third person of the Holy Trinity, to apply, 
 ' to the souls of men, these same merits of Christ ; and we call this action of 
 -i the Holy Ghost by the name of grace, which means the help that God g^ves men 
 I to do good or to avoid evil. . i; 
 
 j The work of the Holy Ghost is carried on, in the Catholic church, chiefly 
 by what is called the sacramental system. The very word "sacrament" means 
 the making holy of something which before was neither good nor bad. A 
 sacrament is an outward or visible sign, which is instituted by Christ and 
 conveys grace to the soul. There are seven of these sacraments and each has 
 its own peculiar effect, and they correspond to the chief events in the natural 
 life. 
 
668 : :^ HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY 
 
 As we come into this world by birth, so we are born to the spiritual life, 
 by baptism. Christ's words are, "Unless a man be born again of water and 
 of the Holy Ghost, he can not enter into the Kingdom of God." Later on, the 
 child needs strengthening and in the church, the soul is strengthened and 
 receives courage to fight the battles of life, by the sacrament of confirmation. 
 The child too, as well as the grown man, needs food and drink, and for the 
 soul we have the sacrament of the Holy Eucharist, which is the body and blood 
 of Christ, given us as our spiritual food and drink, to nourish, to strengthen, 
 and to give vigor and health to the soul. In the course of time, the body often 
 falls ill and medicine is necessary, and often the presence of the doctor. The 
 soul too falls ill, by sin, and we need spiritual remedies to restore God's favor, 
 which means health to the soul, and we have the spiritual medicine in the 
 sacrament of penance. The time comes when one must die, and here again the 
 Catholic church helps us, with the sacrament of extreme unction, where the 
 priest anoints with oil and prays over the sick one. The other two sacra- 
 ments are what we call social matrimony to make holy the bond of union between 
 man and woman, for the propagation of the human race, and the sacrament 
 of holy order, for the continuance of the ministry in the church. 
 
 '.-nv^:; THE WORSHIP OF THE CATHOLIC CHURCH i. ,;. 
 
 The word "worship" has a very broad meaning. It signifies, in its origin, 
 the worthship, or rather recognizing or acknowledging the worthship of a 
 thing. Consequently, in old English usage, the word "worship" is applied to 
 the old London guilds and to the office of the mayor, but when applied in 
 religion, it means essentially acknowledging the worth of God, that is, that God 
 is the supreme, absolute, personal being to whom we belong and owe all that 
 we have. We can apply the wqrd, also, to God's chosen creatures, who are 
 already in heaven, the angels and saints, and acknowledge their worth as 
 creatures of God, yet specially honored by Him. 1 ' 
 
 The essential act of Catholic worship is the holy mass. The mass means a 
 renewal of the offering which Christ made of Himself, when He died upon the 
 cross. It is by Christ's command that the mass is offered, for on the night before 
 he suffered, he took bread into his hands and said, "This is my body." He took 
 wine in the chalice and said, "This is my blood," and after that He said, to his 
 Apostles, "Do this for a memory of me." And St. Paul tells us, speaking of 
 this same thing, "As often as ye do these things, ye shall show forth the death, 
 of the Lord until He come." The Catholic teaching, then, is that the instant 
 the words of consecration are pronounced, by a bishop or priest who has re- 
 ceived his authority from the Apostles, in that same moment, the bread and 
 wine are changed into the body and blood of Christ, and Christ, our Lord, our 
 God, is truly and substantially present on the altar, and verily there is an in- 
 finite sacrifice. For in this action, our Lord puts aside his Godhead, or hides 
 his Godhead, and takes the form, not simply of man, but of man's food and 
 drink. God humbles Himself, "makes Himself a nothing," in the Pauline ex- 
 pression. Now, the Catholic church offers this sacrifice to God as an act of 
 worship, and because it is the act of Qirist, therefore, it is infinite, consequently. 
 
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668 HISTORY OF KXOX COUXTY 
 
 As \ve come into this world by birtli, so \ve are born to the spiritual life, 
 by baptism. Christ s words arc. "Unless a man be born again of water and 
 of the Holy Ghost, he can not enter into the Kingdom of God." Later on, the 
 child needs strengthening and in the church, the soul is strengthened and 
 receives courage to fight the battles of life, by the sacrament of confirmation. 
 The child too, as well as the grown man, needs food and drink, and for the 
 soul we have the sacrament of the Holy Eucharist, which is the body and blood 
 of Christ, given us as our spiritual food and drink, to nourish, to strengthen, 
 and to give vigor and health to the soul. In the course of time, the body often 
 falls ill and medicine is necessary, and often the presence of the doctor. The 
 soul too falls ill, by sin, and we need spiritual remedies to restore God's favor, 
 which means health to the soul, and we have the spiritual medicine in the 
 sacrament of penance. The time comes when one must die, and here again the 
 Catholic church helps us, with the sacrament of extreme unction, where the 
 priest anoints with oil and prays over the sick one. The other two sacra- 
 ments are what we call social matrimony to make holy the bond of union between 
 man and woman, for the projjagation of tlie human race, and the sacrament 
 of holy order, for the continuance of the ministry in the church. 
 
 . ;. Tllli: WOKSUir or Tlll:: CATHOLIC CIIUKCII 
 
 The word "worshij)" has a very brond meaning. It signifies, in its origin, 
 the worthship, or rather recognizing or acknowledging the worthship of a 
 thing. Consequently, in old luiglish usage, the word "worship" is ai)plie(l to 
 the old London guilds and to the office of the mayor, but when applied in 
 religion, it means essentially acknowledging the worth of (iod, that is, that (iod 
 is the supreme, absolute, personal being to whom we belong and owe all that 
 we have. \\'e can apply the W()rd, also, to (jod's chosen creatures, who are 
 already in heaven, the angels and saints, and acknttwledgc their worth as 
 creatures of Ciod, yet specially honored by Him. 
 
 The essential act of Catholic worshi]) is the holy mass. The mass means a 
 renewal of the oft'ering which Christ made of Himself, when He died upon the 
 cross. It is by (Christ's command that the mass is offered, for on the night before 
 he suft'ered, he took bread into his hands and said, "This is my body." He took 
 wine in the chalice and said, "This is my blood." and after that He said, to his 
 Apostles, "Do this for a memory of me." And St. I'aui tells us. speaking of 
 this same thing, "As often as ye do these things, ye shall show forth the death 
 of the Lord until He come." The Cathf)lic teaching, tiien, is that the instant 
 the words of consecration are pronounced, by a bishoj) or priest who has re- 
 ceived his authority from the Ajiostles, in that same moment, the bread and 
 wine are changed into the body and blood of Christ, and Christ, our Lord, our 
 God, is truly and substantially present on the altar, and verily there is an in- 
 finite sacrifice. For in tliis action, our Lord puts aside his (iodhead, or hides 
 his Godhead, and takes the form, not sim])ly of man. but of man's food and 
 drink. God humbles Himself, "makes Himself a nothing," in the i'auline ex- 
 jiression. Xow, the Catholic church oflfers this sacrifice to Ciod as an act of 
 worshi]). and l')ecause it is the act of Christ, therefore, it is infinite, consequently, 
 
. 
 
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 , 
 
 ft 
 
 il ;; 
 
^ ^ :v.v:-^^ HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY i ', 669 
 
 it is an infinite act of worship. All Catholics, who possibly can, are commanded 
 to assist at this sacrifice of the mass on all Sundays and holy days. There are 
 other acts of worship of God in the Catholic church, such as "the divine office" 
 specially Vespers, "Benediction of the Blessed Sacrament," and other ser- 
 vices, but the benefit that is to be derived from them depends principally on 
 the devotion of those who assist, whereas, the mass is God's own act and, 
 therefore, necessarily holy and good. .".. 
 
 .; : As to the so-called worship of the angels and saints, it means an acknowledg- 
 ,,-. ment of their worth as the special friends of God in heaven, who, consequently, 
 can plead with Him for us, and who know what we are doing, since Christ 
 has told us "The angels in heaven rejoice over a sinner doing penance." We 
 then honor the angels and saints, and pray to them. But there is an infinite 
 difference between the worship of the saints and the worship of the all holy 
 .. God. He is the Creator, they are creatures. 
 
 As regards practical life. All Catholics are bound to be observers of the 
 ; Ten Commandments, excepting, that by authority of the Catholic church, prob- 
 ably by the direction of Christ, Himself, the Sabbath day was changed to the 
 ;. . Sunday, as the day set aside for the worship of God. The commandments of 
 ;. ' the church are little more than an amplification of some of the commandments. 
 ' . As regards the Ten Commandments, some concern the natural law and others 
 ':. are a positive law. As to the natural la,w, there can be no excuse and no 
 : exemption. As regards the positive law, it requires a very grave reason to justify 
 - , exemption. For instance, the keeping holy the Sabbath day, a justification for 
 / the non-observance of the Sabbath day would be necessary work. 
 
 The aim of the Catholic church is to show men the way to heaven and help 
 
 .;, them to enter in; this is the work that her divine Master came down upon 
 
 ' the earth to do. God, Himself, will not force anyone what He does is to 
 
 .; . help. Such being the aim of the Catholic church, she makes use of all the 
 
 ,';. means that she can. She takes the human race for what it is, with its strong 
 
 ..; inclination for good and its perverse turns to evil, and she endeavors to 
 
 .., strengthen the good and root out the evil. Man has three great powers, free 
 
 i-' will, understanding and feeling. With the last of these, the church has little, 
 
 .".' or nothing directly in command. Her chief object is to train the soul, that is, 
 
 ^ the intellectual powers and the will. She trains the intellectual, by giving 
 
 -:; knowledge, the knowledge of the truth. She influences the will power, by en- 
 
 ' .;; deavoring to show the beauty and the charm of the things of good, to manifest, 
 
 ' as much as she can, the infinite, boundless love of God. The means that the 
 
 '.; Catholic church makes use of are physical, intellectual and moral. Under the 
 
 V . heading of physical would come our church buildings, schools, hospitals, public 
 
 .;: institutions for charitable works. The intellectual means would be instruction and 
 
 ' education. The moral means would be the worship of God, the sacramental 
 
 ; system, sermons, exhortations and, not least, good example. 
 
 . \../. " HOW HAVE THESE WORKS BEEN CARRIED ON IN KNOX COUNTY? 
 
 --..^ At the present day there are four principal centers of Catholicism. Of these, 
 
 of course, the chief is Galesburg; St. Augustine comes next, then Wataga and 
 
 Williamsfield. The origin of Catholicity, in Galesburg, is a strong contrast with 
 
670 V^ HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY 
 
 that of St. Augustine. The original agreement of the founders of Galesburg 
 township forbdds the selling of ground for the building of any church or insti- 
 tution other than Presbyterian. We Catholics cannot complain of this, because 
 the original founders were an essentially Presbyterian fellowship, and they wished 
 to keep away all religious strife. Yet in the course of a few years the Catholic 
 church made its way, even into this Protestant center. St. Augustine, on the 
 other hand, was quite a Catholic foundation. The Mattinglys and several other 
 Catholic families, from Kentucky, came in 1837 and joined other Catholic fami- 
 lies, chiefly farmers from Ohio. They formed an agricultural colony and built 
 the Church of St. Augustine, taking the name from Austin, or Augustine, Mat- 
 tingly. The town grew up around and took its name from the church. 
 ; To return to Galesburg, in the '4os, various Irish families, among them the 
 Grimes and the O'Connors, settled in the Spoon River valley. A decade later 
 many of them moved to Galesburg and joined forty or fifty Catholic families, 
 who came here from New Lebanon, Columbus county. New York, and from 
 Pittsfield, Massachusetts. This was in the years '55, '56 and '57. They found 
 grievous difficulties to contend with in the exercise of their religion, for there 
 was no church and at first not even a pastor. They were compelled to go as far 
 as St. Augustine for all religious worship and even to carry hither their dead. 
 Father John Fitnam was the first pastor, from 1856 to 1857, and was succeeded 
 by Father O'Neil. Father O'Neil made the first attempt at building a Catholic 
 church outside the then city limits. For a while previous to this mass had 
 been celebrated over Mooney's blacksmith shop, on the site of the present kinder- 
 garten school. Father O'Neil laid plans for the building of a frame church 
 on a site on the south side of East Second street, between South Kellogg and 
 Seminary streets. The building was already well advanced, when the cyclone 
 of 1858 struck and utterly destroyed it. 
 
 In those days prejudice was so strong against Catholicism that a public 
 thanksgiving was celebrated in some of the churches for this so-called act of 
 God. 
 
 But, nothing daunted, the Catholic body set to work once more and pur- 
 chased a site on South Academy street, near the Burlington railway crossing, and 
 they built the present St. Patrick's church in the year 1863. Most of the credit 
 for this is due to Father O'Neil, who, however, was sent elsewhere before he 
 could complete the work. Father James Powers succeeded him on July 5, 1863, 
 but staid only a short while, and he was replaced by Father Maurice Howard in 
 1864. Father Howard added the church tower and the bell. 
 
 During the pastorate of Father Howard, Michael O'Neil started a subscrip- 
 tion and bought a Catholic burial ground on the south side of Lake George, now 
 known as Old St. Mary's cemetery. Father Howard labored for the Catholic 
 people of the district for about thirteen years, and it must, at times, have taxed 
 even his utmost powers, for the district of Galesburg then extended from Oneida 
 on the north to Maquon and Table Grove on the south. On August i6, 1877, 
 Father Howard resigned the pastorate of Galesburg, as he was unwilling to as- 
 sume the responsibility of building schools. 
 
 Father Joseph Costa, O. C., succeeded Father Howard, and to him, aided by 
 a hearty co-operation of the Catholic body, is due, in a great part, all the credit 
 for the present fine buildings and the good social standing of Catholics in this 
 
670 HISTORY OF KXOX COUNTY 
 
 that of St. Augustine. The original agreement of the founders of Galesburg 
 townshij) forljids the selling of ground for the building of any church or insti- 
 tution other than I'resbyterian. We Catholics cannot complain of this, because 
 the original founders were an essentially Presbyterian fellowship, and they wished 
 to keep away all religious strife. Vet in the course of a few years the Catholic 
 church made its way, even into this Protestant center. St. Augustine, on the 
 other hand, was quite a Catholic foundation. The Mattinglys and several other 
 Catholic families, from Kentucky, came in 1837 and joined other Catholic fami- 
 lies, chieHy farmers from Ohio. They formed an agricultural colony and built 
 the Church of St. Augustine, taking the name from Austin, or Augustine, Mat- 
 tingly. The town grew up around and took its name from the church. 
 
 To return to Galesburg, in the '4os, various Irish families, among them the 
 Grimes and the ( )*Connors, settled in the Spoon River valley. A decade later 
 many of them moved to Galesburg and joined forty or fifty Catholic families, 
 v.'ho came here from Xew Lebanon, Columbus county, Xew York, and from 
 Pittsfield. Massachusetts. This was in the years '55, '56 and '57. They found 
 grievous difficulties to contend with in the exercise of their religion, for there 
 was no church and at first not even a pastor. They were compelled to go as far 
 as St. Augustine for all religious worship and even to carry hither their dead. 
 Father John I-'itnam was the first pastor, from 1856 to 1857, and was succeeded 
 by Father ( )'Xeil. Father O'Xeil made the first attempt at building a Catholic 
 church outside the then city limits. For a while previous to this mass had 
 been celebrated over Mooney's blacksmith shop, on the site of the present kinder- 
 garten school. I-'ather ( )'Xeil laid plans for the building of a frame church 
 on a site on the ^outh side of East Second street, between South Kellogg and 
 Seminary streets. The building was already well advanced, when the cyclone 
 of 1858 struck and utterly destroyed it. 
 
 In those days ])rL'judice was so strong against Catholicism that a public 
 thanksgiving was celebrated in some of the churches for this so-called act of 
 God. I 
 
 P>ut, nothing daunted, the Catholic body set to work once more and pur- 
 chased a site on South Academy street, near the lUirlington railway crossing, and 
 they built the ])resent St. Patrick's church in the year 1863. Most of the credit 
 for this is due to Father O'Xeil, who, however, was sent elsewhere before he 
 could C(inii)lete the work. Father James Powers succeeded him on July 5, 1863, 
 but staid only a short while, and he was replaced by leather Maurice Howard in 
 1864. I'ather Howard added the church tower and the bell. 
 
 During the ])astorate of I'ather Howard. Michael O'Xeil started a subscrip- 
 tion and bought a Catholic burial ground on the south side of Lake George, now 
 known as ( )1(1 St. Mary's cemetery. Father Howard lalxDred for the Catholic 
 people of the district for about thirteen years, and it must, at times, have taxed 
 even his utmost jiowers, for the district of Galesburg then extended from Oneida 
 on the north to Maquon and Table Grove on the south. On August i6. 1877, 
 Father Howard resigned the i)astorate of Galesburg, as he was unwilling to as- 
 sume the responsibility of building schools. 
 
 Father Jose])h Costa, O. C., succeeded Father Howard, and to him. aided by 
 a hearty co-ojK-ration of the Catholic body, is due. in a great part, all the credit 
 for the present fine buildings and the good social standing of Catholics in this 
 
I- 
 ii 
 
 '^ 
 
 r-a 
 
 .2. 
 
HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY . 671 
 
 city. Immediately on his arrival Father Costa grasped the urgency of building 
 a Catholic school that should be on an equal footing with any educational insti- 
 tution in the city. (A sketch of the life of Father Costa may be read elsewhere 
 in the biographical volume of this history.) During his first year he built St. 
 Joseph's academy and the following year the adjoining convent, which was 
 opened in 1879, at a total cost of nearly $30,000, the money being raised by very 
 generous donations, chiefly from the workingmen. A few years later he pur- 
 chased a house on the site of the present St. Mary's school and opened it as a 
 .. primary school for smaller children, who could not safely cross the C., B. & Q. 
 tracks. St. Joseph's academy and St. Mary's school were both placed under the 
 care of the Sisters of Providence from St. Mary in the Woods, Indiana, and 
 one can hardly say enough to praise their indefatigible zeal and labor for the 
 advancement in secular and religious education of their pupils. Self-sacrifice and 
 constant vigilance have been the keynotes of their work. At the present day 
 there are about 250 pupils at the academy and between seventy and eighty at St. 
 -; Mary's school. : ' ^ / 
 
 Father Costa's greatest work was undertaken a few years later, when, on 
 account of the developments of the railway, many Irish and other Catholic work- 
 men came to the town and so filled up the little church at St. Patrick's that it 
 became imperative to build another church, and Father Costa determined on 
 something that should be a credit to the Catholic body. Through the agency of 
 Mr. Michael English he purchased a site on the comer of South Prairie and 
 West South streets, and there he built the present church of Corpus Christi, at 
 a cost of between $45,000 and $50,000. This was in the year 1883, when the 
 church was solemnly opened and blessed by Rev. Bishop Spalding. Three 
 years later he built the present rectory on the adjoining property. There is little 
 need to say that the raising of these great sums of money involved much labor, 
 but the people were generous, and all threw themselves into the work with heart 
 and soul and there was thorough co-operation between congregation and pastor. 
 
 But Father Costa's labors were not yet over. Looking around, he saw the 
 need of an educational institution for the Catholic boys and young men of the 
 neighborhood, but now he found that the congregation could scarcely support 
 the burden of a new edifice, and he applied to his own superiors for aid. He 
 bought a site on Tompkins and Prairie and plans were drawn in the hope of ful- 
 filling a long cherished desire a college for Catholic boys. In the years '93 and 
 '94 the building was put up at a cost of between $40,000 and $50,000, most of 
 which was paid by Father Costa and the superiors of the Order of Charity. The 
 institution has this year been incorporated under charter as Corpus Christi col- 
 lege. The first president of Corpus Christi college was Father Ernest Hawley, 
 who had but recently come from Europe. At first the pupils were very few, num- 
 bering only 25 at the end of the first academic year. Since then the college has 
 steadily gone on, increasing in numbers and efficiency. Father Costa himself 
 later took the presidency of the college, but in 1902 he handed it over to Father 
 George Doubleday, the present much respected incumbent. During the past few 
 years the average number of pupils (all over twelve years) has been about one 
 hundred. Many of the past students are now in the front rank of the clerical, 
 medical and legal professions or the great railroads, on the farms and in the main :^ 
 walks of national public life. 
 
672 ; HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY 
 
 But even now Father Costa was not fully satisfied with the educational re- 
 sources of the parish. There was a growing need in the seventh ward of more 
 stable school accommodation for the children, and he soon set about planning 
 for the building of the present St. Mary's school, which was erected in the 
 year 1905 at a cost of about $20,000. 
 
 In the year 1887 Bishop Spalding divided the parishes of Corpus Christi 
 and St. Patrick's. Father Costa was left parish priest of Corpus Christi and dean 
 of the district, and Father Louis Selva, his nephew, was appointed pastor of St. 
 Patrick's. He was succeeded a few years later by Father Doubleday, who later 
 became president of Corpus Christi college and in 1898 resigned St. Patrick's in 
 favor of Father F. Baines, who has since then held the pastorate. 
 
 The next work done by the Catholic body in the city, was the purchase of 
 St. Mary's hospital. In 1908, the sisters of St. Francis, from Peoria, came 
 and took possession and since then they have exercised one of the excellent 
 works of charity, nursing and tending, with indefatigable care, the sick and 
 the poor. The praise and thanks of many in Galesburg will go out to these 
 sisters for the attendance and loving care of those whom misfortune, accident 
 and sickness have brought nigh unto death. 
 
 But Father Costa, though in the "sere and yellow leaf," is still full of 
 energj- and many plans. He sees the need, and all are with him, of a Catholic 
 hall where the different Catholic organizations may home; and, at the present 
 moment, a vigorous attempt is being made to raise the necessary funds. 
 
 It was one of the glories of Father Costa, and of his congregation, that ' 
 no debts are left on these splendid buildings, save a comparatively small one on 
 St. Mary's school. The Catholics are still a small body in the town, numbering 
 at most some 3,000, but a great work has been begun and, with the blessing of 
 God, will go on and increase. The Catholic church is ever striving to attain 
 her ends and, consequently, she can never rest satisfied. Priests and people 
 must be ever on the onward march and ready for all dangers in the battle of V 
 life. ' :',::/-. '.,: ; -:..-,-..;-,> ......... 
 
 ;;.'::::: THE CATHOLIC CHURCH IN ST. AUGUSTINE : ' ,. '. 
 
 ^ The parish of St. Augustine is one of the most interesting, and possibly 
 the oldest, in the diocese of Peoria. It was founded within the boundary of 
 what was then Fulton county. Later on, church and town passed on wheels into 
 Knox county. As the very name itself applies, St. Augustine is a Catholic 
 foundation. As far back as 1836, and '37, a Catholic colony was formed and 
 John Gallett and G. McEIroy came from Ohio, and the Mattinglys and man> 
 other Canadian-Irish, who had long settled near the home of Bishop Spalding, 
 came froni Kentucky. They built a little church for themselves, in 1844, dedi- 
 cating it to St. Augustine, and the township sprang up around and took its 
 name from the church. Father St. Cyr was the first priest to serve the district., 
 from 1837 to '39, but he and Fathers Con way and Doyle, who succeeded him, 
 had no residence there. Various priests came, with more or less regularity, 
 now from LaSalle, like Father Raho, or Father Brady from Kickapoo. The 
 first resident priest was Father James Halpin, who took charge in 1873. 
 
 In the meantime, the present church was built, in 1863, under the supervi- 
 
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672 HISTORY OF KXOX COUNTY 
 
 Dut even no\v Father Costa was not fully satisfied with the educational re- 
 sources of the parish. There was a growing need in the seventh ward of more 
 stalile school accommodation for the children, and he soon set about planning 
 for the building of the present St. Mary's school, which was erected in the 
 \-ear 1905 at a cost of alx)ut $20,000. 
 
 In the year 1887 Bishop Spalding divided the parishes of Corpus Christi 
 and St. Patrick's. Father Costa was left parish priest of Corpus Christi and dean 
 of the district, and Father Louis Selva, his nephew, was appointed pastor of St. 
 Patrick's. He was succeeded a fe\v years later by Father Doubleday, who later 
 became i)resident of Corpus Christi college and in i8y8 resigned St. Patrick's in 
 favor of I-'ather F. IJaines, who has since then held the pastorate. 
 
 The next work done by the Catholic body in the city, was the purchase of 
 St. Mary's hospital. In iyo8. the sisters of St. Francis, from Peoria, came 
 and took possession and since then they have exercised one of the excellent 
 works of charity, nursing and tending, with indefatigable care, the sick and 
 the poor. The praise and thanks of many in Galesburg will go out to these 
 sisters for the attendance and loving care of those whom misfortune, accident 
 and sickness have brought nigh unto death. 
 
 But Father Costa, though in the "sere and yellow leaf," is still full of 
 energy and many plans. He sees the need, and all are with him, of a Catholic 
 hall where the different Catholic organizations may home; and, at the present 
 moment, a vigorous attempt is being made to raise the necessary funds. 
 
 It was one of the glories of Father Costa, and of his congregation, that 
 no debts are left on these splendid buildings, save a comparatively small one on 
 St. Mary's school. The Catholics are still a small bodv in the town, numbering 
 at most some 3.000. but a great work has been begun and, with the blessing of 
 God, will go on and increase. The Catholic church is ever striving to attain 
 her ends and, consequently, she can never rest satisfied. Priests and jjeople 
 must be ever on tb.e onward n;arch and ready for all dangers in the battle of 
 life. ' . . ; ^ 
 
 Tllli CATHOLIC CIU'RCII IX .ST. AL'IJL'STIXE 
 
 The i)arish of St. Augustine is one of the most interesting, and possibly 
 the oldest, in the di(,)cese of J'eoria. It was founded \\ithin the boundary of 
 what was then Fulton county. Later on. church and town passed on wheels into 
 Knox county. As the very name itself applies, St. Augustine is a Catholic 
 foundation. As far I)ack as 1836, and '37. a Catholic colony was formed and 
 John Gallett and G. McFlroy came from Ohio, and the Mattinglys and man\ 
 other Canadian-Irish, who had long settled near the home of Bisho|) Sjialding. 
 came froni Kentucky. They built a little church for themselves, in 1844, dedi- 
 cating it to St. Augustine, and the township sjirang up around and took its 
 name from the church. Father St. Cyr was the first j)riest to serve the district, 
 from 1837 to '39. but he and Fathers Con way and Doyle, who succeeded him. 
 had no residence there. \'arious priests came, with more or less regularity, 
 now from LaSalle, like Father Raho. or Father Brady from Kickapoo. The 
 first resident priest was Father James HaljMn. who took charge in 1873. 
 ;. In the meantime, the jjresent church was Iniilt. in 1863, under the suj^ervi- 
 
? 
 
 2.1 
 
 - - 
 
HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY > 673 
 
 sion of Father Allbrecht. A few years afterwards, Father Larmer removed it 
 from Fulton county, across the border to its present site in Knox county. This 
 was on account of the C., B. & Q. railway being compelled, by the circumstances 
 of the ground, to place their depot so far north of the old town. When the 
 town came to the depot, the church was bound to follow. 
 
 Since the time of Father Halpin, many priests have held the pastorate. 
 Father Maurice Howard, on leaving Galesburg, was at St. Augustine from 
 1876 to 1878. Father P. J. O'Reilly, now Bishop O'Reilly, succeeded him and 
 remained until iSSi. From i88i to 1884, Father Fallihee was pastor. Father 
 Dunn, from 1884 to 1887, and Father Scheuren from 1887 to 1893. Father 
 Kniery was there from 1894 to 1897, and he was followed by Father Kelly, who, 
 in his turn, was succeeded by Father Markey, the present parish priest. The 
 original priest's house was built by Father Halpin about 1874 or '75, but a 
 very unfortunate accident happened in 1911, when a fire broke out and the 
 house was utterly destroyed. This year, 1912, by the self-sacrificing generosity 
 of the people. Father Markey has been enabled to build up a substantial and 
 handsome brick residence. 
 
 .v;?; -':';;" ,v " THE CATHOLIC CHURCH IN WATAGA ;. . . .-''" 
 
 < The increase in the Catholic population of ICnox county is due, chiefly, to 
 the railway development. When the railways were built, in the sixties, great 
 numbers of American-Irish laborers came to the district and settled, for the 
 most part, in the neighborhood of Galesburg. After a while, many of these 
 took to farming. They either rented, or by dint of great economy, were en- 
 abled to purchase theif lands. Little by little, they and their families spread 
 over the county, but foi the most part, they formed little colonies, such as at 
 Wataga, Williamsfield, Maquon, Abingdon, Soperville, Rio and Saluda. Wataga 
 and Williamsfield were the most notable of these centers. At first, all came 
 within the limits of the Galesburg parish, as well as a large district extending into 
 adjoining counties. When the increase of numbers came. Bishop Spalding cut 
 off some portions of the district and among them, Wataga, which was assigned 
 to Galva and Williamsfield, which now belongs to the parish of Elmwood. 
 Also Abingdon, which is within the limits of St. Augustine parish. 
 
 About seven or eight years ago, the Catholic body around Wataga built a 
 little church for themselves and this church was solemnly blessed by Father 
 Costa, rural dean of the district. This chapel is served from Galva, every two 
 weeks. 
 
 Williamsfield and Abingdon are other small centers of Catholic activity 
 within the county limits, but, as yet, they have no chapel of their own, but 
 have mass regularly every month, celebrated in a private dwelling, or a rented 
 building. 
 
 During recent years, there has been a considerable increase in the number of 
 Catholics, due, no doubt, to natural increase, but also to a very considerable 
 extent, to the political persecutions and, consequent insecurity of life and prop- 
 erty of southeastern Europe. Many Slavs have come from southern Austria 
 and, at the time of writing, there is a considerable immigration of Albanians, 
 who, suffering under Turkish misrule, have abandoned their country and, with 
 
 Vol. 143- 
 
674 HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY ^1 - 
 
 wives and children, are seeking a home under the flag of liberty. The advent 
 of these foreigners presents a new problem for the Catholic church. These 
 men, for the most part well educated and accustomed to ease and comforts of 
 life, find themselves here in a new home land, without knowing the language, 
 without experience, and many of them in poverty, robbed, as they were, by 
 the Turkish soldiery. They are all Catholics and the church must do her best 
 to provide for them. The greatest difficulty is the language, but they need 
 also help and advice as to their employment and the forming of their homes. 
 
 /v;.-; THE JEWS AND THEIR RELIGION c: 
 
 . >^';:;v BY MAX J. MACK ^-^-'-'-v ;"';:- 
 
 The ancient Hebrews, during the many years they lived in peace under the 
 rule of their own kings, were shepherds and agriculturists. They were a peace- 
 
 ' ful. God-fearing people, brave in the defense of their country and martyrs to 
 their religious belief. Finally, defeated and driven from their own country into 
 other lands, they were always subjected to persecution, and due from centuries 
 long expulsion from the soil and from their original agricultural pursuits, they 
 have become, more than others, city-dwelling folks. They were forced into 
 othei; occupations ; they became the merchants and money lenders of the world, 
 and their descendants of the present century are still largely engaged in busi- 
 
 . ness undertakings. They entered into the professions; they drifted into litera- 
 . ture, science and music, becoming proficient and then prominent in whatever 
 
 ' field they entered. Today, in Europe and America, Jews are amongst the leading 
 men in the professional and business world, in art, science, literature and music, 
 and thousands are garment makers and mechanics and there are many Jewish 
 artisans. .'"- '''',- .'-^ .-':'.':'./:',; ';',:^:;'-' '- I'-;-" '';;-''.< 
 
 I It is the hope of the American philanthropist that the Jews will again 
 become tillers of the soil to a larger degree, and every effort is being made to 
 
 , turn some of the thousands of Jewish emigrants that yearly come to America 
 away from the large cities on to the farm of the west and the northwest. 
 
 It is perhaps not generally known, but is a fact just the same, that in 
 length of residence and participation in every struggle for the welfare of the 
 country, the Jews of America equal that of any other religious denomination. 
 ,. The Jew in the United States is American to the core. In 1654, thirty-four 
 years after the Mayflower landed the Pilgrim fathers at Plymouth, Massachu- 
 setts, the St. Caterina arrived at New Amsterdam (the present New York) 
 with twenty-three Jews on board. In 1682 the Jews of New Amsterdam rented 
 a house for religious service, although undoubtedly they met for worship before 
 that. 
 
 In all the wars of the country Jews have taken prominent and honorable part. 
 
 , Beginning with the revolutionary struggle, Jews have fought on all the bat- 
 tlefields where patriots gave their lives that their country might live. There 
 
 . were nine Jews amongst the signers to the now important resolutions of 1765, the 
 first step which eventually led to the war of the revolution. . .' 
 
V ^V:; y : ^: HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY-- ;, 675 
 
 In the records of the revolutionary army, incomplete as they are, 'are the 
 names of twenty-seven Jewish officers. One Jew, Haym Solomon, rendered 
 invaluable financial services to the government during the darkest days of the 
 revolutionary war, he being the chief individual reliance of Robert Morris, su- 
 perintendent of finance; Solomon loaned the government $2C,ooo, an immense 
 sum of money in those days. 
 
 Forty-three Jews are recorded in the war of 1812; fifty-seven are recorded 
 in the Mexican war. In the civil war 7,500 Jews fought in the northern and 
 southern armies, a larger number in proportion to the number of Jews who were 
 then in the United States, about 150,000, than was furnished by any other re- 
 ligious denomination. For the Spanish- American war 2,451 Jews enlisted in 
 the army and forty-two in the navy ; thirty-two were officers. 
 
 I wish that I had the space to write in detail concerning the settlement, his- 
 tory and services of the Jews in all states of the Union. In the cabinet, in the 
 United States senate, our house of representatives, in the diplomatic service, in 
 state legislature, on the bench, in federal, state and municipal offices, hundreds of 
 Jews have served and are serving the federal government, its states and cities- 
 They are prepared to make all sacrifices for their country either in war or peace 
 and constantly strive for the perpetuation of good government, whilst being 
 loyal to the faith and race tradition. 
 
 ' The term "Jewish nationality" is a misnomer. They are racial, but not na- 
 tional. There is no Jewish nation on the face of the earth, and therefore no per- 
 son of Jewish nationality. The word "Jewish" applies purely to a religious belief. 
 The principles and doctrines upon which the whole system of the Jewish re- 
 ligion is founded may be reduced to the following articles : 
 
 1st. That there exists one God, the undivided and indivisible Creator and 
 ruler of the universe, in whom is centered the essence of all power and wisdom 
 nd goodness. 
 
 2nd. That the omnipotent creator rules the universe exclusively by His own 
 dominion, and that no mediator intervenes between Him and His creatures. 
 
 3rd. That the writings of Moses and the prophets who succeeded him were 
 written by divine authority and inspiration, and that these only constitute the 
 holy testament, arfd these only are the rule and guide for our religious conduct. 
 : 4th. That the human soul the essence of our being is spiritual and im- 
 mortal like the Almighty God who gave it. . 
 
 5th. That our soul, after being by death separated from our body, will re- 
 ceive its reward or punishment at the hands of the Creator in accordance with 
 our acts and conduct in the present life. The doctrine we hold in regard to future 
 reward and punishment is that the recompense of the soul will be of a purely 
 spiritual nature ; that it will have its reward in enjoying eternal life and bliss in 
 the immediate presence of .God, who is the source of life and happiness, and its 
 punishment in the opposite. 
 
 The chief duties required of its disciples by the Jewish religion are : 
 
 1st. To reverence and worship God, to obey His will and to be thankful for 
 His goodness. 
 
 2nd. To be just and charitable toward our fellow-beings; to promote their 
 morals and welfare and to do to them as we wish them to do to us. 
 
 3rd. To improve our mind and understanding; to acquire knowledge and so 
 
676 HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY 
 
 conduct our lives and actions as to promote our own perfection and happiness 
 and at the same time that of our fellow-creatures. 
 
 Two thousand years of trials, tribulations and humiliations for the sake of his 
 religion has taught the Jew tolerance and respect for all other religions, there- 
 fore you never hear of his trying to proselyte anyone. The prejudice against 
 Jews in this country, in our city and county, if there be any, is caused by wrong 
 impressions and gross misrepresentations of their characteristics. Instead of tak- 
 ing the thousands of Jews famous in the world of finance, letters, business, music, 
 diplomacy and statesmanship as the standard, the Jew is usually judged and 
 wrongfully judged by the lowest of his race. 
 
 The Jewish people who have resided in Galesburg during the past sixty years 
 were mostly engaged in business enterprises. There is one who is at present and 
 has been for a number of years a locomotive engineer in the employ of the C., B. 
 & Q. R. R. Co. It is Harry Glickson, well liked by all his fellow-employes ; and 
 there have been a few others who were railroad employes and mechanics, but as 
 a rule they are and have been merchants, and for that reason a history of the 
 Jews of Galesburg will be a mere sketch of business men, lacking in interesting 
 or exciting details. , ' : ': ;;' - :" ; J V; ; '. \" 
 
 The Jewish people of Galesburg, like those of other communities, are public- 
 spirited, patriotic and law-abiding. They always favor public improvements; 
 are liberal contributors to public enterprise, never turn down a worthy charity 
 and never refuse help to the deserving poor, especially the poor of their own 
 people. Indeed, a Jew in need of help never goes to any but a co-religionist for 
 assistance, and he is never refused help. 
 
 Although always few in number, the Jewish people of Galesburg have a 
 church organization of their own wherever possible. Forty years ago they had 
 a congregation with their own rabbi, but this was given up after a few years. 
 Five years ago the present congregation "Sons of Judah" was organized, Louis 
 Nirdlinger being its first president, and he held the office up to the time of his 
 death. The congregation holds its services in the Universalist church on Sun- 
 day evenings (but not regularly), and they are conducted by Rabbi Chas. S. Levi 
 of Peoria, assisted by a splendid choir. 
 
 The Jews have a cemetery of their own, it being a beautiful place only a few 
 rods south of Linwood cemetery. 
 
 The Jewish women have an organization known as the "Ladies' Aid society," 
 partly social, but mostly charitable, its principal aim and object being to aid 
 destitute Jewish people, either living here or transient. 
 
 The first Jewish citizen of Knox county was Abraham Jacobi, who came to 
 Knoxville from Peoria in 1850 and moved from there to Galesburg in 1855, en- 
 gaging in the clothing business on the north side of the square. He retired from 
 business in 1890, his son Albert taking over his interest in the firm of Jacobi and 
 Mack. Mr. A. Jacobi died November 24th, 1909. Mr. Jacobi has four sons 
 living, members of the firm of Jacobi Bros, and Mack Harry A., Fred D. and 
 Albert G. Jacobi, residing in Galesburg, while one son, Nathan, lives in Tracy, 
 Minn. Solomon Spear came to Galesburg at an early day and first started in the 
 dry goods business, but afterward conducted a hat and fur business, retail, but later 
 became a jobber of hats, caps and gloves in Galesburg, Illinois. Mr. Spear se- 
 cured a half interest in the management of the Illinois hotel, retaining the same 
 until a year ago. - r.,-; -'v;; ; ' . 
 
HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY > : 677 
 
 The Mayer brothers, Henry and Abraham, engaged in Galesburg first in the 
 clothing business. Henry Mayer afterwards became a manufacturer and re- 
 tailer of cigars, until the time of his death. His three sons are now in the 
 hotel business in Chicago. 
 
 : .Max J. Mack came to Galesburg from Cincinnati, Ohio, in 1875, was in busi- 
 ness for himself one year, and in 1876 formed a partnership with his father-in- 
 law, A. Jacobi. Jn 1895 the present firm of Jacobi Bros, and Mack was organ- 
 ized, s!.:''. .;.;-. : / ^-,/ .- 
 
 Solomon Frolich came to Galesburg in 1879 and engaged in the wholesale 
 and retail liquor business with Henry Gardt. In 1883 Louis Nirdlinger moved 
 to Galesburg from Winchester. Illinois, and became a partner in the firm. Mr. 
 Nirdlinger died November 28, 1910, and his son, Sidney, took his interest in the 
 firm of Frolich & Nirdlinger. 
 
 Harry A. Jacobi came from Tracy, Minnesota, in 1895. Henry Herman, in 
 1899; I. Bondi and H. G. Bondi of Bondi Bros. Co., and I. H. Hexter in 1897. 
 Mr. Hexter died June 22, 1911. L. Bernstein came in 1895; J. J. Winkler, the 
 optician, in 1897; Jos. Gross of the Gross Mfg. Co., in 1898. 
 
 Charles Gumbiner originally came to Galesburg in 1876, but left after re- 
 maining a few years. He returned in 1893. The three Bowman brothers came 
 in 1906. D. C. Halper, in 1897; M. Stamm, in 1902; B. Michaelson, in 1900; 
 Charles Schimmel and Mr. Freedman, in 1910, and Block and Sax, in 1912. 
 
 / THE EPISCOPAL CHURCH IN KNOX COUNTY :-: ^ ;> ; > -; c-: ; v \; 
 
 --^^ -,';''--'/-''' '"-'''^ ' ''-"'''. ';>''':.'' V^1 .''.'' ^ 
 
 V. , ; ; BY THE REV. CHARLES W. LEFFINGWELL, D.D. . ? ': X^ V'i.'i^' '': 
 
 The Episcopal church was not largely represented among the pioneers of -; 
 
 Illinois, and very few churchmen settled in Knox county. Some of them, as in ' -'. 
 
 other parts of the state, were Church of England people, who remained steadfast ' , 1 
 
 in their traditional faith and worship, though for a long time they were without ; 
 
 pastors and churches. Bishop Philander Chase, the first bishop of Illinois (1835 ./^ 
 
 to 1852), passed through Knox county in 1836, holding services and looking i" . 
 
 up members of his scattered flock. His long journeys over the great diocese of -;: 
 
 Illinois were made by boat on the rivers and in his old family carriage (which , 1;- 
 
 he called "the ark") across the prairies. He met with many accidents in his ^' ; 
 
 travels, and being a very heavy man, his ribs were frequently broken. It is said V : 
 
 that nearly every rib in his body suffered in that way, and that some were v : 
 
 broken twice. The story is told that on one of his visitations (it might have ;, ..' 
 
 been in Knox county), when the tavern keeper's son was about to go out with . 
 
 notices that the bishop would preach, the landlord inquired: "What denomina- ^ ^:'- 
 
 tion shall I tell the people you belong to?" "Tell them," said the bishop, "that I ' > , 
 
 belong to the church which translated the Bible." The lad rushed out, ringing a ';. ;. 
 bell and shouting, "The man who translated the Bible will preach at the school- =,-; 
 
 house tonight !" . : 
 
 Bishop Whitehouse succeeded Bishop Chase, and after him Bishop McLaren -' .{ 
 
 had the oversight of all Illinois, for a time. In 1877, the great diocese was ; : 
 
678 HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY 
 
 divided into three, named Chicago, Quincy and Springfield, Knox county being >\.; 
 in the Quincy diocese. Bishop Alexander Burgess was the first bishop of 
 Quincy (1878-1901) ; Bishop Taylor succeeded, his episcopate being very short; \ ' 
 Bishop Fawcett became bishop of Quincy, in 1904. These were all good and .:'" 
 strong men, and their helpful influence was felt throughout the community. ;.. 
 
 The first parish organized in the county was St. John's, Knoxville, 1843. The :;.' 
 first vestry, elected September 9th, at the house of Wm. Lighton, was John G. >. 
 Sanborn and Elisha Hummastun, wardens, and John Johnston, Darius A. Beck- -; 
 with and James Knox. Names of others appear in the records of the parish as :: 
 active in the work of the early days, Wm. Hester, H. N. Keightley, Wm. N. ;. 
 Phillips, P. H. Sanford, John Babbington. ' 
 
 The Rev. Dudley Chase, son of Bishop Chase, was the first minister in ' 
 charge of St. John's parish, Knoxville, coming from Jubilee college in Peoria .^ . 
 county, to officiate on Sundays. His first baptism is recorded under date of '-i 
 September 7, 1844; Hester Francis, daughter of John and Ann Johnston, born r; 
 October 20, 1843. ' ^: 
 
 Upon the organization of Grace church, Galesburg (1859), its rector, the r . 
 Rev. Wm. T. Smithett, took charge of the parish in Knoxville. The Rev. J. S. _.;, 
 Chamberlain, followed Mr. Smithett as missionary in charge. Under his ad- ' ; . . 
 ministration St. John's church was built, though unfortunately with a large debt .. 
 for the small parish to carry. ! :H; ": 
 
 Upon the establishment of St. Mary's school in Knoxville the rector of the ::/ 
 school became rector of the parish, and the school attended Sunday services in ; . 
 the parish church. The Rev. E. H. Rudd was for some years rector of St. John's, '. 
 and for many years was chaplain and instructor in St. Mary's school. '-.'.,'!: 
 
 Grace church, Galesburg, was organized as a parish in 1859, having for some .- : 
 years been served as a mission. At a meeting held in the office of Sidney Myers, , .'" 
 September 28th, articles of association were signed by the following: J. R. .;'-', 
 Gordon, S. Gordon, H. D. Brackett, Josias Grant, G. Bement, A. McDowell, Wm. ^^ . ; . 
 L. Ransom, G. C. Lamphere, Lin P. Gowdey, Wm. N. Phillips, O. J. Flagg, G. ,-. ; 
 Tee, Thomas B. Martin, B. Nettleton, Wm. Merwin Ransom, D. C. Brown, W. J. 
 DeLancey, L. R. Brown, Sydney Myers, Elisha Field. 
 
 It was under Bishop Whitehouse that the parish was admitted into union 
 with the diocese of Illinois. The Rev. Wm. T. Smithett presided at the meeting 
 of organization and afterwards became rector of the parish. Under his ener- 
 getic leadership a church was soon built and opened for worship, Christmas, 1860. 
 The first vestry was elected October 24, 1859, consisting of: Sydney Myers 
 and Wm. N. Phillips, wardens ; Wm. M. Ransom, Harry T. Smith, Josias Grant, 
 Geo. W. Woods, D. C. Brown, D. Bronson, Lucius Chapman, Timothy Nash. 
 
 In June, 1862, a resolution of thanks was adopted by the vestry, to the rector 
 "for his untiring efforts to place the parish free from debt, as well as for his 
 uniform devotion to all the duties of his office." 
 
 The Rev. L. N. Freeman succeeded Mr. Smithett, early in 1863, remaining ^ 
 
 only a year, to be followed by the Rev. J. W. Cracraft, in April, 1864. Mr. 
 Cracraft's course was somewhat eccentric (to say the least), from an Episcopal 
 point of view, and he soon got the parish divided and himself into trouble with 
 the bishop of the diocese. Some who disapproved of his "preaching politics" . , 
 and shutting up his own church to preach elsewhere, withdrew from the parish, = 
 
I 
 
 H 50 
 
 I > 
 
 1: ^ 
 
 3 O 
 
 O) M 
 
 y. C 
 
 :; 55 
 
678 HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY 
 
 divided into three, named Chicago. Quincy and Springfield, Knox county being 
 in the Quincy diocese. Bishop Alexander Burgess was the first bishop of 
 Quincy (1878-1901) ; Bishop Taylor succeeded, his episcopate being very short; 
 Bishop Fawcett became bishop of Quincy, in 1904. These were all good and 
 strong men, and their helpful iuHuence was felt throughout the community. 
 
 The first parish organized in the county was St. John's. Knoxville, 1843. The 
 first vestry, elected September yth, at the house of \\'m. Lighton, was John G. 
 Sanborn and Elisha Hummastun, wardens, and John Johnston, Darius A. Beck- 
 with and James Knox. Names of others appear in the records of the parish as 
 active in the work of the early days. \\'m. Hester. H. X. Keightley, \Vm. X. 
 Phillips, P. H. Sanford, John Babbington. 
 
 The Kev. Dudley Chase, son of Bishop C'hase. was the first minister in 
 charge of St. John's ])arish, Knox\'ille, coming from Jubilee college in Peoria 
 county, to officiate on Sundays. His first ba])tism is recorded under date of 
 September 7, 11^44; Hester l-'rancis. daughter of John and Ann Johnston, born 
 October 20, 18^3. 
 
 Upon the (organization of .Grace church, dalesburg (1859), its rector, the 
 Rev. \\'m. T. Smithett. took charge of the joarish in Knoxville. The Rev. J. S, 
 Chamberlain, followed .Mr. Smithett as missionary in charge. Under his ad- 
 ministration St. John's church was built, though unfortunately with a large debt 
 for the small parish to carry. . ' /I 
 
 Upon the establishment of St. Mary's school in Knoxville the rector of the 
 school became rector of the parish, and the school attended Sunday services in 
 the parish church. The Rev. E. II. Rudd was for some years rector of St. John's, 
 and for many years was chaplain and instructor in St. Mary's school. 
 
 Cirace church. ( ialesburg. was organized as a j)arish in 1859. having for some 
 years been served as a mission. .\t a meeting held in the office of Sidney Myers, 
 September 28th. articles of association were signed by the following: J. R. 
 Gordon. S. Gordon. H. 1). l^racketl. Josias Grant, d. liement. .\. McDowell. \Vm. 
 L. Ransom. G. C. Lamphere. Lin P. (jowdey. \\'m. X. Phillips. (). J. Flagg, G. 
 Tee, Thomas B. Martin. 15. .\ettleton, \Vm. Merwin Ransom D. C. Brown, \V. J. 
 DeLancey. L. R. Brown. Sydney ]\Iyers. Elisha Field. 
 
 It was under Bisho]) \\'hiteliouse that the ])arish was admitted into union 
 with the diocese of Illinois. The Rev. \\'m. T. Smithett jjresided at the meeting 
 of organization and afterwards became rector of the parish. Under his ener- 
 getic leadershi]) a church was soon built and opened for worship, Christmas, 1860. 
 The first vestry was eK'Cled ( )ctober 24. 1859. consisting of: Sydney Myers 
 and \\'rii. X. Phillips, wardens; \\m. M. Ransom. Harry T. Smith. Josias (irant, 
 Geo. \\'. \\'o()(ls. I). C. I'.roun. I). Bronson. Lucius Chapman, Timothy Xash. 
 
 Ir. June, i8f)2. a resolution of thanks was adopted by the vestry, to the rector 
 "for his untiring efforts to place the ])arish free from debt, as well as for his 
 uniform devotion to all the duties of his office." 
 
 The Rev. L. X. l-'rceman succeeded Mr. Smithett, earlv in i8<')3. remaining 
 only a year, to be folloued by tbe Rev. J. \\'. Cracraft. in April, 181^)4. Mr. 
 Cracraft's course was somewhat eccentric (to >ay the lea.st). from an l'4)iscopal 
 point of view, and lie soon got the ])arish divided and himself into trouble with 
 the bishop of the diocese. Some who disapproved of his "preaching politics" 
 and shutting up his own church to preach elsewhere, withdrew from the parish. 
 
* ;- HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY 679 
 
 j- , , ' 
 
 while others became violent partisans in his support. The excitement of con- 
 troversy found expression in the Cnicago papers and in sundry pamphlets which 
 were widely circulated. The bishop ordered the church closed, and the senior 
 warden, Thomas B. Martin, who at this writing is still senior warden, put a 
 padlock and a notice on the door. These were removed by order of the vestry, 
 and Mr. Martin was threatened with prosecution in the civil courts. Mr. Cracraft 
 was inhibited by the bishop and the parish was suspended by the convention of 
 the diocese. 
 
 Though the contumacious rector and his friends made a brave struggle, they 
 soon "began to feel the halter draw." In a year the pew rents had fallen off so 
 much that, on November i8, 1865, Mr. Cracraft was constrained to make a 
 proposition to remain in charge for what he could get after paying all expenses 
 of the church, including the elements for the holy communion. In July, 1866, 
 he withdrew, and all parties seem to have become convinced that an Episcopal 
 church, at war with the bishop and diocese, could not prosper. Respectfuj over- 
 tures were made for reinstatement, "and they lived together happy ever after." 
 
 The Rev. C. A. Bruce was the next pastor, his rectorship lasting about a 
 year. The Rev. F. W. Boyd followed, with another brief rectorship. In 1868, 
 Mr. C. W. Leffingwell, who had opened St. Mary's school, Knoxville, was 
 supplying Sunday services. The Rev. W. Thompson was pastor, 1869-1871, and 
 the Rev. Stephen T. Allen from 1871 to 1877. His successors were: The Rev. 
 G. H. Higgins, 1877-1880; the Rev. C. J. Shrimpton, 1881-1887; the Rev. John 
 Wilkinson, 1888-1890; the Rev. C. R. Hodge, 1891-1893; the Rev. W. B. Guion, 
 1894-1895; the Rev. W. H. Benham, 1896-1898; the Rev. E. F. Gee, 1899-1902; 
 the Rev. B. E. Diggs, 1904-1906; the Rev. J. M. Mason, 1907-1910; the Rev. 
 Arthur S. Peck, 1911. 
 
 Among the Galesburg families not heretofore mentioned that have been help- 
 ful in sustaining Grace church, should be noted those of David Greenleaf and 
 Col. Clark E. Carr. Thomas B. Martin was first elected vestryman in 1864, and 
 during most of the time since, to the date of this writing, has held the office and 
 performed efficiently the duties of senior warden. . ' ; 
 
 St. John's church, Galesburg, was organized in 1893, and soon after was ad- 
 mitted to union with the Synod of Quincy. It is a Swedish congregation, and by 
 license of the bishop the liturgy and ritual of the old church of Sweden are, for 
 the most part, used. The present pastor (1912), the Rev. John E. Almfeldt, dur- 
 ing his brief term, has succeeded in getting a lot and a new church, and has 
 greatly strengthened the work. There is also a Swedish mission at Woodhull. 
 
 Perhaps more important and far-reaching than parochial work, in Knox 
 county, has been the influence of the Episcopal church in building and main- 
 taining educational institutions. Some account of St. Mary's, St. Alban's and St. 
 Martha's schools is given elsewhere in this volume. -- - 'v 
 
 
..:T 680 HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY -^^ ^ ' " 
 
 ; ; i'vS';' THE LUTHERAN CHURCH IN KNOX COUNTY 
 
 ''- ' ' ' ' '' .' -'' , ' 
 
 ' ; :=X'? \ BY REV. CARL J. BENGSTON v:'^;.^ : : 
 
 .," The Lutheran church is the oldest Protestant church, being the first to spring .., 
 
 ' from the reformation. It is also the largest of the Protestant churches. It is '' 
 
 - the principal church in Germany, the state church in Sweden, Norway and Den- 
 7 mark and is comparatively strong in the Baltic provinces of Russia. In America - 
 it is divided into four general organizations, the general synod, the general coun- ' 
 ' . cil, the synodical conference and the united synod south and several independ- 
 ; ent synods, and it ranks third in membership, being outnumbered only by the 
 
 ^! Methodists and the Baptists. '.:'; '-^t^;= .:^;;; J; ;--.-i>:i'',> '' 
 
 It is commonly known as the Evangelical Lutheran church. The word "evan- 
 ; gelJcal" had "its origin in the stress laid upon the preaching of the gospel by ; 
 
 Luther and his co-laborers over against the errors, the legalism and the fables x 
 of Rome," and was not intended to express any marks of distinction from the ''. 
 other Protestant churches as is sometimes erroneously stated and believed. The ,;; 
 . word "Lutheran" was taken from the founder of the church, the great hero of '- 
 the reformation, Martin Luther. Both names were first applied to the follow- . 
 ers of Luther, in a sneering way, by the Catholic priests of the day and were .' 
 . afterwards adopted by the church as its historic name, ; vI ' ' - 1 '^: 
 
 The reformation dates from the 3ist of October, 1517, when Luther pub- 
 . lished his ninety-five theses by nailing them to the door of the old Castle church ; 
 in Wittenberg. While primarily directed against the sale of indulgences, au- :; 
 thorized by the pope, these theses contained the fundamental truths upon which ; 
 the Lutheran church is based. Luther denied that the church possessed an in- 
 finite fund of spiritual treasures in the merits, i. e., the sufferings and sacrifices .-. 
 : ' of Christ, the saints and all the redeemed, that it could at will dispense, if it chose, 
 for cash. He contended that God alone could forgive sins and that man was 
 justified by faith alone through the meritorious work of Christ. The effect of ' 
 r these theses was tremendous. No greater defiance had ever before been hurled . 
 : against the Church of Rome. All Europe awoke as out of a long and troublous ;. 
 
 sleep. Men's attention everywhere was directed as never before to the sins that 
 ' were daily committed under the guise of religion. The result was greater even 
 than Luther could have realized, and he very soon found that he could not re- v 
 
 . , trace his steps, but must go on, under the guidance and in the strength of God, 
 .. ^ \ ' until he had finished his work that unfolded itself to him step by step and the 
 \> reformation was accomplished. v 
 
 ' :^; V>.,v ' THE AUGSBURG CONFESSION ';':;, 
 
 .' ;; r^:-^ , THE LUTHERAN CHURCH .,';.' 
 
 Like all orthodox churches, the Lutheran church has three ecumenical creeds, 
 
 the apostolic, the nicene and the athanasian. Besides these it has its own dis- 
 
 . tinct confession, known as the Augsburg Confession, from the fact that it was 
 
 ' submitted by the different Lutheran churches in Germany to the Emperor Charles 
 
 the Fifth at the diet of Augsburg on June 25, 1530, as a summary of their re- 
 
^^/^X;-!:' HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY ^ ^ 681 
 
 ligious belief. Some of the general bodies constituting the Lutheran church sub- 
 scribe to the Augsburg confession only. Others subscribe to it with this addi- 
 tion, "being understood in accordance with the further developments of these doc- 
 trines as contained in the other symbolical books of the Lutheran church." These 
 "other symbolical books" are the Apology for the Augsburg Confession, the 
 Schmalcald Articles, Luther's Smaller and Larger Catechism and the Formula 
 of Concord. Space will not permit giving a history of these books, nor even of 
 the Augsburg Confession. It is sufficient to say of the latter that it was written 
 by Philip Melanchthon, the scholar of the reformation, and carefully revised by 
 Luther. As to its contents, it was based partly on what is known as the Mar- 
 burg- Schwalbach articles, written by Luther in the autumn of the previous year, 
 and partly on the Targan articles, written largely by Melanchthon and sutMnitted 
 to the Elector John in March, 1530. The Augsburg Confession contains twenty- 
 eight articles,, of which the first twenty-one treat of the doctrines of the church 
 and the other seve^n of abuses that had crept into the Roman church. 
 
 ; / ' : V:.'/'V.^ ;. THE LUTHERAN CHURCH IN SWEDEN '^^i.' -;''' 
 
 As we are concerned in this article mainly with the Swedish branch of the 
 Lutheran church, it might be well to mention briefly the introduction and estab- 
 lishment of Lutheranism in Sweden. At the time of the reformation the Church 
 of Rome was supreme in Furope. The Latin and the Germanic races were all 
 Catholic. Sweden had been a Catholic country for more than five centuries. 
 But the dawn of the new era, the revival of learning, had reached the countries 
 of the far north. Young men began, as never before, to flock to the universities 
 of the continent to study. In 1516 we find one of these young men from Sweden, 
 Olavus Petri, at the university of Wittenberg, where Luther was one of the prin- 
 cipal teachers. This young man was, no doubt, in Wittenberg in 1517 and must 
 have read the ninety-five theses of Luther. He must also have been a most will- 
 ing witness to the tremendous results of the publication of these theses, and we 
 are safe in saying that he undoubtedly listened to some of the discussions that 
 followed. This young man possessed some of the characteristics of his great 
 teacher, and, like Luther, though in a less pronounced degree, he had experienced 
 m his own heart the birth of the reformation. 
 
 In 1519 Olavus Petri returned to Sweden. The Bible was now his light and 
 he was filled with the blessed assurance that his sins were forgiven. His first 
 field of activity was the city of Strengnoes, where he was first clerk to the 
 bishop, then principal of the cloister school, and then consecrated a deacon. Here 
 he immediately began to give lectures on portions of the holy scriptures to the 
 canons and choristers under his care. Many of the young men were soon won 
 over to the new faith, and one elderly man of great influence, the learned Lau- 
 rentius Andreae, was so powerfully impressed by the truth of God that he openly 
 defended the young and eloquent Olavus Petri against those who opposed him. 
 
 These were stirring days, politically, in Sweden. King Christian of .Den- 
 mark had invaded the country with a powerful army, intending to bring it under 
 his sway and in order to insure himself of ultimate success in this undertak- 
 ing he had secured certain commissions from the pope. He was everywhere suc- 
 cessful and in a remarkably short time had conquered the whole country. But 
 
^;; > fl82 HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY -> : I ' : 
 
 . ; it was to be only for a short time. Drunk with the glory of his conquest, he 
 
 . wreaked such bloody vengeance on those who had opposed him, especially among 
 
 . the nobility, that the whole country soon arose in revolt. A wave of patriotism 
 
 .. : arose in the north and rolled on toward the south, increasing in magnitude as it 
 
 :' went. It centered around one man, the young and fearless Gustavus Vasa, who 
 
 at the head of his Dalecarlians pushed south, and did not stop until he had 
 
 / driven King Christian and his army out of the kingdom. 
 
 While at Streng^oes, Gustavus Vasa first came in contact with the two men 
 ;. - . who had openly espoused the reformation. He appears to have been greatly 
 . impressed with their ability and also with the truth that they preached, for 
 . r when he had become established at Stockholm as King of Sweden he immedi- 
 . ately called them there and made Andreae his chancellor and Petri at once clerk 
 ; ; of the city and preacher of the court church. He apparently was determined, 
 , from the first, to make the Lutheran church the church of his kingdom. And by 
 judicious movements, as well as by the great personal power Jie wielded, he suc- 
 ceeded four years later, at the diet of Vesteraas in 1527, in having all the legal 
 . \ barriers removed for the formal introduction of the reformation everywhere in 
 Sweden. There naturally was some opposition to the change among the people 
 'v and especially among the Dalecarlians, but the leaders of the new movement 
 . understood the Swedish mind and gradually overcame every obstacle. One pow- 
 erful aid in their work was the translation into Swedish of the New Testament, 
 in 1526, and of the whole Bible, in 1541. 
 
 i , For more than half a century, the Catholic church made persistent but un- 
 : successful eflforts to check the growth of Lutheranism in Sweden. But towards 
 . . the close of the century, great dangers threatened the church. King John, who 
 '- . . had been influenced by Calvinism and had sought to infuse it into the church, 
 had died and the heir to the throne. King Sigismund of Poland, was a bigoted 
 Catholic. For this reason it became necessary for the leaders of the church to 
 take such steps as would safeguard it against any eflforts of the king to supplant it. 
 y During the interim Duke Charles, temporary head of the realm, called a church 
 council at Upsala, in 1593, to settle once for all whether or not the Lutheran 
 church should be the church of Sweden. At this council, composed largely of 
 the state senators and some 400 clergymen from different parts of the realm, and 
 : a few influential business men, and sitting from the 3rd to the igth of March, 
 . '. the three ecumenical creeds were first adopted. And then, on March 5th, the 
 ': Augsburg Confession, as subscribed to by the Lutherans in Germany, was unan- 
 
 imously adopted as the common faith of the people of the kingdom. It was also 
 - decided that the king should be bound by oath, before he could be crowned, to 
 
 respect the religious faith of his subjects. '.,-! 
 
 . ; . It seems almost incredible that the Lutheran church of Sweden could have 
 
 ; ; , been able to establish itself and to exist for 70 years in these strenuous times 
 
 -. without setting forth in any confessional document the principles that had 
 
 . brought about the change. But the explanation must be sought mainly in the 
 
 ' . fact that in Sweden the reformation really began from the throne and gradually 
 
 f.' ;'; worked its way down through the mass of the people. The change from the 
 
 : - i old to the new had been so gradual that few noticed it, and the champions of 
 
 ' . the reformation were never required, by the temporal ruler, to give public ac- 
 
 count of their faith, as had been the case in Germany. And when the estates of 
 
HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY 683 
 
 the realm did decide to adopt Lutheranism as a common faith, after having 
 been confessed by the people for more than half a century, this was done because 
 of dangers to their faith that they had just passed through and because of still 
 greater dangers that were threatening. ; 
 
 ;_;;......., _^;.-.''-;^':-v'-:: ;.; WHAT IS LUTHERANISM ? '' V' .'.';;/'.:"' v';!.-^ '! 
 
 What are the teachings of the Lutheran church? It will not be possible to 
 give a full answer to this question here. Only in a broad sense can the tenets 
 of our church be stated. Two basic principles underlie the Lutheran church, 
 both being especially emphasized by Luther. The first is called the "formal 
 principle," and is expressed thus, "The sacred scriptures are the word of God 
 and the only infallible rule for man's faith and life." To this view of the scrip- 
 tures alone having a normative value Luther came, as you might say, by slow 
 stages. He had been too well schooled in the doctrines and the power of his 
 church to reject her authority hastily. But he naturally must come to the position 
 '"' where he could not concede that either pope or church council had any authority 
 r : ;.C over and above the word of God. Neither are infallible. But the word of God 
 is. The second principle is called the "material principle," and is thus expressed, 
 '..: "Man is justified before God by faith alone in Christ Jesus, and not by any 
 .'.- works of his own." It was this view of his own salvation that caused Luther to 
 
 make his first break with the Roman church. . - ' 
 
 ::^:,r According to the Lutheran view, speaking broadly, "there is an intimate 
 !vr union of the supernatural with the natural, of the inner with the outer, of the 
 ; divine with the human, in such a way that the former is present and active in, 
 -'': '-'- with and by the latter, and that the latter is a God-given organ and form of 
 :/ existence, in the present world, of the former. With regard to the person of 
 A the Redeemer the Lutheran church acknowledges with the greatest emphasis and 
 v7 earnestness the divine mystery in the incarnation (John i, 14) of the Son of 
 , God, and maintains in unqualified faith the incarnate as the one in whom the 
 divine and the human are absolutely united in a mutual interpenetration. She 
 emphasizes the objective redemption in Christ as well as the subjective appro- 
 priation by faith of the divine grace of salvation. The Lutheran church ac- 
 knowledges that the church of Christ in this world has both an invisible and a 
 visible form. At the same time, that she gives to God alone the glory for the 
 conversion and salvation of men, she does not deny that through the workings 
 of the grace of God in conversion the human will is set free to voluntarily 
 appropriate and make use of the gifts of the saving grace of God. She refuses 
 to know anything whatever of words without the spirit, or of spirit without the 
 word, but holds that the two are organically united ; and in the sacrament of the 
 altar, she neither allows the heavenly gift to supplant the visible elements, nor 
 yet the latter to supplant the former, but possesses and acknowledges the invisible 
 sacramental gift and the visible element in the most beautiful union. 
 
 This view is characteristic also of the Lutheran church in her relation to 
 human life in general. She holds that the Christian is placed in the world by God 
 to be his servant, and that all the human relations are to be hallowed by faith 
 and love. This view is also fundamental for the Lutheran order of church 
 
684 < HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY ^l^} 
 
 service, and determines her relation to art. In the world of nature, that is to 
 say, faith sees everywhere visible types and similes of the invisible glory that 
 shall be revealed for the first time on the day of our Lord Jesus Christ. For 
 this reason, art and poetry receive here their right recognition, not as objects 
 for idolization as in the church of Rome, but in their temporal significance, until 
 further, as typical expressions, in advance of the glory of the coming world, where 
 spirit and corporeality transformed will fuse into one essence. "Ullman." 
 
 WHAT INFLUENCES BROUGHT THE LUTHERANS TO KNOX COUNTY? 
 
 The earliest exodus of Swedes to America was in the I7th century, when, in ; 
 
 1637, ^ number of them settled along the Delaware river. This was a crown '/ 
 
 colony of Sweden, augmented from time to time by new colonists until the '.^i 
 Swedes gradually occupied all the lands along the Delaware from the ocean to 
 
 the neighborhood where Trenton, New Jersey, now stands. The country was . 
 
 wrested from their control by the Dutch, in 1655, but the colonies continued to . 
 
 exist. Being Lutherans, these sturdy people from the north founded their ;; 
 
 churches wherever they settled. They brought their pastors with them or sent \; 
 for them after they had arrived. But because they were not properly united into 
 
 any organic body, or synod, nor received the spiritual care and attention that 
 
 they needed from the mother church of Sweden, these historic Swedish Lutheran ?: 
 
 churches on the Delaware were gradually absorbed by the Episcopal church in the ^ 
 
 first half of the iQth century. That they did not affiliate, as might have been ; 
 
 expected, with the German Lutheran churches must have depended upon historic ; 
 
 reasons as well as, possibly, on the failure of the Germans to properly approach -:- 
 
 the Swedes in the matter of church affiliation. > ,.- , . 
 
 , ; *-.,.. '^' . 
 
 The next more general and much more important exodus of Swedes to ', 
 America began in the fourth decade of the last century, and has continued :^. 
 more or less steadily to the present day. If the cause of the first exodus had 
 been an effort on the part of the Swedish government to found colonies in the . 
 new world in order to extend its power, the cause of the second exodus has ... 
 been rather a desire and a hope on the part of the individual emigrants to better ' 
 their physical conditions. Great prospects and possibilities were pictured to 
 them by a few individuals who had come still earlier and found the country 
 rich in resources for the benefit of those who could and would brave the hard- \ . 
 ships and dangers of frontier life. To this should possibly be added as a second .'. 
 cause, though not so marked, a spirit of unrest, brought on largely by the ar- 
 rogance and oppression of the privileged classes, the aristocracy that had become 
 also the plutocracy, who had failed to show a proper appreciation of the peasantry, 
 forgetting that the proper development and the actual prosperity of a country 
 depend largely on a contented and happy peasantry. In some instances, religious 
 intolerance enters also as a part cause for the emigration, as was the case with s 
 Eric Jansson and his followers who settled in and around what is now Bishop Hill. [ 
 
 These early settlers came in large parties, consisting of relatives and friends, "'. 
 often large enough to charter a whole sailing vessel for the voyage. One such \, 
 party, the first settled along Pine lake in Wisconsin, in 1841, another, the second, V 
 settled along the Skunk river in Jefferson county, Iowa, in 1845. 0"^ party, .' 
 
.:^" - - HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY :Vr.:^ 685 
 
 coming mostly from the northern part of Sweden and bringing with them their 
 pastor in the person of the Rev. L. P. Esbjorn, the learned pioneer Swedish 
 Lutheran preacher and educator in America in the nineteenth century, settled in 
 Henry county, Illinois, in 1849. Other parties followed and settled in south- 
 western New York and northeastern Pennsylvania. And still others pushed north 
 and settled in Minnesota. The Swedish Lutherans who settled in Knox county 
 came mostly from the southern part of Sweden in 1850 and the following years 
 and settled around Galesburg and Knoxville, Wataga and Altona. 
 
 For three years Rev. Fsbjorn was the only spiritual adviser of the Lutherans 
 in this part of the state. He ministered faithfully to the scattered flocks in 
 Henry, Knox, Bureau and Rock Island counties, organizing churches in An- 
 dover and Moline, in 1850, and in Galesburg in 1851. The church in Galesburg 
 was the first Lutheran church to be organized in Knox county. The following 
 year it received its first settled pastor in the Rev. T. N. Hasselquist, who ar- 
 rived in the fall of the year with his wife and servant and about sixty of his 
 relatives and friends and immediately entered upon his duties as pastor of his 
 people. Rev. Hasselquist proved himself to be an unusually gifted organizer 
 and leader. Both he and his wife were highly educated, Mrs. Hasselquist speak- 
 ing readily French and German and English in addition to her own language. 
 Both were devout and earnest Christians and understood thoroughly their peo- 
 ple. They had come in order to devote their life to the Swedish Lutheran cause 
 in America, and though they had known only comfort and ease at home they 
 were prepared to share joyfully with their people the privations and hardships 
 connected with frontier life. Yet it must also be said to the credit of these early 
 Lutheran settlers that they gladly shared what little they had of this world's 
 goods with their pastors. 
 
 The Lutherans scattered over the county, and churches were organized in 
 Knoxville, in 1853; in Wataga, in 1856; in Altona, in 1859, and at Soperville, in 
 1870. In 1906 Trinity English Lutheran church of Galesburg was organized to 
 meet the needs of an ever increasing number of those Lutherans who more read- 
 ily understand the English language. 
 
 These early Lutheran pioneers in Illinois, with others who settled east and 
 west and north, were the founders of the Swedish Lutheran church of America, 
 known as the Augustana synod, and organized in June, 1860, in Clinton, Wiscon- 
 sin. This synod numbered, in 1910, 625 ministers, 1,145 congregations with 172,- 
 239 communicants and a total membership of 261,713. 
 
 TO WHAT EXTENT CAN THE LUTHERANS BE SAID TO HAVE REALIZED THEIR HOPES 
 ... IN ORGANIZING THEIR CHURCH IN KNOX COUNTY . ;^ 
 
 It has already been made clear that a large majority of the Swedes who first 
 settled in Knox county were Lutherans. But they not only were Lutherans,- 
 they desired most earnestly to remain Lutherans. Primarily they had come from 
 their distant homes to America in the hope of here bettering their temporal con- 
 ditions and not because of any religious reason. But at the same time, as a 
 Christian people, they brought their Bibles and other devotional books with them. 
 They were, as a rule, a pious people with deep religious convictions. It is but 
 natural that they should desire to worship their God in their own language and 
 
686 HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY 
 
 according to the usages of their Lutheran church. At the same time they were 
 desirous of spiritually caring for the growing number of their countrymen who 
 continued to come after them. And it is not presuming too much to say that 
 they wished to plant the Lutheran church so deep in Knox county that it would 
 continue to live and grow and be a blessing to their descendants from genera- 
 tion to generation. Those who believe that the descendants of the Lutherans are 
 not imbued with the spirit of loyalty to their church or have not strong religious 
 convictions but will remain Lutherans only so long as they speak their foreign 
 language will find themselves greatly mistaken. 
 
 Granting then that these were their hopes and aspirations in founding their 
 church in this county, we can say that they have more than realized them. For 
 more than half a century the Lutheran church has been a blessing to thousands 
 of the citizens of the county. Its influence for good in the different localities can 
 hardly be estimated. It is stronger to-day than ever before, and it is continuing 
 to grow. As the Swedish population in the county increased and it became nec- 
 essary for some to leave in order that there should be more room for others, hun- 
 dreds of families migrated to different parts of Iowa, Kansas, Nebraska and 
 other states, where they formed the nucleus of thrifty settlements and strong 
 Lutheran churches. The difficulties of the Lutherans have indeed been many and 
 at times almost disheartening, but they have persevered. God has prospered them 
 greatly in material things out of the abundance of the land, and He has also 
 richly blessed them spiritually. The church is now in its transition period, when 
 the language question is most vexatious, but once safely through this period, 
 when leakage in membership because of the language is greatest, greater things 
 are in store for her, if only her members remain loyal to their God and the 
 principles of the reformation and take an ever increasing interest in those things 
 that work for the temporal and spiritual welfare of the community in which 
 they live. 
 
 :v,W'.J THE FIRST LUTHERAN CHURCH OF GALESBURG 
 
 This church was organized August 24, 1851, by the Rev. L. P. Esbjorn, who 
 had preached regularly in Galesburg since his arrival in Andover in 1849. The 
 membership was then only forty adult persons. Its first settled pastor was the 
 Rev. T. N. Hasselquist, who arrived from Sweden October 28, 1852. The first 
 church had been built in 1850, but for some reason it had i>assed out of the 
 hands of the Lutherans and was bought back by them in 1852, from the Metho- 
 dists. This church building was afterwards enlarged, but soon became entirely 
 too small and inadequate for the steadily growing congregation. The present 
 church was erected in 1869. The pipe organ was built in 1877, completed April 
 12, 1878, the parsonage in 1878 and the Luther hall as it now is, in 1885, thor- 
 oughly remodeled in 1901. The Elim chapel on Arnold and Summit streets, 
 1903. Rev. T. N. Hasselquist served as pastor of the church for eleven years, 
 when he, in 1863, was called to still greater usefulness as professor of theology in 
 Augustana seminary and subsequently as president of the institution. He was 
 succeeded as pastor in Galesburg by the Rev. A. W. Dahlsten. Other pastors 
 who have served the church are Rev. N. Th. Winquist, 1869-1873; Rev. S. P. A. 
 Lindahl, 1873-1885; Rev. C. A. Backman, 1885-1888; Rev. C. J. E. Haterius, 
 
FIRST SWEDISH EV. LUTHERAN CHURCH ; 
 
 Located on the corner of North Sem'nary anj Waters Streets. Erected in 1869. Remodeled in 1891. 
 and in 1899. Value, $20,UOy. 
 
686 HISTORY OF KXOX COUNTY 
 
 according to the usages of their Lutheran church. At the same time they were 
 desirous of spiritually caring for the growing number of their countrymen who 
 continued to come after them. And it is not presuming too much to say that 
 they wished to plant the Lutheran church so deep in Knox county that it would 
 continue to live and grow and he a hlessing to their descendants from genera- 
 tion to generation. Those who believe that the descendants of the Lutherans are 
 not imbued with the spirit of loyalty to their church or have not strong religious 
 convictions but will remain Lutherans only so long as they speak their foreign 
 language will find themselves greatly mistaken. 
 
 (Iranting then that these were their hopes and aspirations in founding their 
 church in this county, we can say that they have more than realized them. For 
 more than half a century the Lutheran church has been a blessing to thousands 
 of the citizens of the county. Its influence for good in the different localities can 
 hardly be estimated. It is stronger to-day than ever before, and it is continuing 
 to grow. As the Swedish p<)]nilation in the county increased and it became nec- 
 essary for some to leave in order that there should be more room for others, bun- 
 (lre<ls of families migrated to dififerent parts of Iowa, Kansas, Nebraska and 
 other states, where they formed the nucleus of thrifty settlements and strong 
 Lutheran clnircbes. The difficulties of tbe Lutherans have indeed been many and 
 at times almost disheartening, but tbey have persevered. God has prosj)ered them 
 greatly in material things out of the abundance of the land, and He has also 
 richly blessed them spiritually. The church is now in its transition period, when 
 the language (|uestii)n is most vexatious, but once safely tbrougb tbis period, 
 when leakage in membership because of the language is greatest, greater things 
 ;ire in store fr.r her. if only her members remain loyal to tbeir Cod and tbe 
 |irinci])Ies of the reformation and take an ever increasing interest in those things 
 tiiat work for the temjioral and s])iritual welfare of the community in which 
 they live. 
 
 ,; ' Tin: KIKST I.l'TllKUAX CIirRCII OK r.AI.KSItrRH 
 
 Thi^ church was organized August 24, 1851, by the Rev. L. 1'. Esbjorn, who 
 had preached regularly in ( ialesburg since his arrival in Andover in 1849. The 
 membership was then only forty adult jjersons. Its first settled pastor was the 
 Rev. T. X. Ha-^sel(|uist. who arrived from Sweden October 28. 1852. Tbe first 
 clniroh had been built in 1850. but for some reason it bad passed out of the 
 hands of the Lutherans and was hought back by them in 1852, from the Metho- 
 dists. This church building was afterwards enlarged, but soon l>ecame entirely 
 too small and inade(|uate for tbe steadily growing congregation. Tbe jiresent 
 cluirch was erected in i8CK^. The ptpc organ was built in 1877. completed April 
 12. 1878. the parsonage in 1878 and the Luther hall as it now is, in 1885, thor- 
 oughly remodeled in 1901. The Elim chapel on Arnold and Summit streets, 
 1903. Rev. T. X. Hassek|uist served as pastor of the church for eleven years, 
 when he. in 1863. was called to still greater usefulness as professor of theology in 
 Augustana seminary and subsequently as president of tbe institution. He was 
 succeeded as pastor in Galesburg by the Rev. A. W. Dahlsten. Other pastors 
 who have served the church are Rev. X. Th. Winquist, 18^)9-1873: Rev. S. P. A. 
 Lindahl, 1873-1885: Rev. C. A. Backman, 1885-1888: Rev. C. J. E. Haterius, 
 
sT SVVKDISII K\'. II'TIIKKAX (iirucir 
 
 I^ocated on the corner ( N'mtli St-ni iiavv an 1 XVaU-vs Stn-L-t . l-'.n-ili-il in l^r.'i. Uomixleled in ISOl, 
 and 111 IM'.lii. Value. $iiMi(i:i. 
 
f^ HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY :/ 687 
 
 1889-1898; Rev. Peter Peterson, 1898-1904, the present pastor. Rev. F. A. John- 
 son since March 31, 1905. The Sunday school has an enrollment of ninety teach- 
 ers and seven hundred scholars. Other organizations within the church are the 
 Mission and Tract society, since 1885, with a membership (1910) of 213; the 
 Luther league, since 1898, with 91 members; the Martha society (1891), the 
 Society of Loyal Helpers (1899), with 60 members; the Men's league (1900), 
 with 157 members; the Dorcas society (1903), with 80 members. The church 
 has a splendid choir, an orchestra and a male chorus. It numbered, in 1910, 
 1,446 communicants and a total membership of 2,010 souls. It is the strongest 
 church of the city and is in a flourishing condition. 
 
 '. ' ,',"'. . -..' - - '" ' '" . '.i .' .,!'.. ''. . 
 
 ,'>:*: THE SWEDISH EVANGELICAL LUTHERAN CHURCH OF KNOXVILLE 
 
 The first Lutherans to settle in and around Knoxville came about the year 
 1849. More arrived in 1850, 1851 and 1852, and a large number in 1853. When 
 Rev. T. N. Hasselquist arrived in October, 1852, it was his first intention to 
 settle in Knoxville. For that purpose twenty acres of land upon which stood 
 a log cabin was purchased for $200 by John Johnson, Swan Randon and John 
 Truedson. But because of its location to the south of the city. Rev. Hasselquist 
 found the distance to Galesburg too great and consequently to make the latter city 
 his home, and the property in Knoxville was afterwards sold. Immediately upon 
 his arrival Rev. Hasselquist began gathering signatures of such as desired to 
 organize a Lutheran church, but an organization was not effected until March 21, 
 1853. Who and how many the charter members were it is not possible to state, 
 as the earliest records of the church have been lost. 
 
 In 1854, a lot was purchased on W. South street, and the same year a church 
 was built, largely from material that had been donated. This church was dedi- 
 cated December 2, 1855. An addition to this church was built in 1872, and 
 another in 1879. In the year 1910, it was decided to erect a new modern church 
 and a lot was purchased on the corner of South and Timber streets, and a brick 
 structure erected at a cost of $14,000. It was dedicated April 14, 1912. 
 
 The first parsonage was purchased in 1869, and after being enlarged later 
 served its purpose until 1901, when it was sold and a new one built at a cost 
 of $3,000. 
 
 The church has been served by the following pastors, T. N. Hasselquist, 1853- 
 1863; S. G. Larson, 1863-1869; A. G. Setterdahl, 1869-1874; C. Walleen, 1874- 
 1877; J. F. Borg, 1877-1879; H. P. Quist. 1879-1886; A. Norrbom, 1887-1890; 
 P. A. Cederstam, 1891-1895; H. P. Ottoson, 1897-1906; O. G. Berg, 1907-1910; 
 O. W. Ferm, 1910-1911; Carl J. Bengston, 1911. 
 
 The congregation numbers (1912) 190 adult members and has a total mem- 
 bership of 300. It has a Sunday school with an enrollment of 75, an active 
 ladies' aid society and Luther league and men's league. The language used is 
 largely Fnglish, this language being used exclusively in the Sunday school and 
 the Luther league and in all Sunday evening services. The Swedish is still used 
 at the Sunday morning services. 
 
688 ;;, HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY ^ -i j 
 
 THE SWEDISH EVANGELICAL LUTHERAN CHURCH OF ALTONA 
 
 '.i^:- 
 
 As the records of the organization of this church have been lost, it is not 
 ixjssible to state with certainty the date of its organization. Persons living, who 
 were present at the organization, state that it took place in 1854. So much is 
 certain that the church was organized some time between 1854 and 1859. The 
 lot upon which the present church was erected, in 1864, was purchased in 1859. 
 In 1869 a parsonag^e was built, and in 1869 a tower was added to the church 
 building. Rev. T. N. Hasselquist served the church as pastor, in addition to his 
 other duties, until 1860. The other pastors have been Rev. F. O. Duvell (or 
 Dowell), 18601861; Rev. S. G. Larson, 1864-1866; Rev. P. M. Sannquist, 1866- 
 1871 ; Rev. A. Lindholm, 1871-1880; Rev. L. G. Abrahamson, 1880-1886; Rev. S. 
 P. A. Lindahl, 1886-1890; Rev. J. G. Dahlberg, 1891-1899, and the present pastor, 
 Rev. Erl Anderson, since 1899. The church numbers 300 communicants and 
 has a total membership of 432. 
 
 > THE SWEDISH LUTHERAN CHURCH OF WATAGA, ILLINOIS ^ 
 
 -rr-Vv/V..; .' ^ ;:,;,.; .-^ . [ .V ^f 
 
 ' BY REV. CARL. J. BENGTON . . 
 
 This congregation is generally conceded to have been organized in 1853, 
 
 same year that the church at Knoxville was organized, although the earliest 
 statistics of the synod make 1856 the year of organization. The exact date of 
 organization is not known as the earliest records appear to have been lost. It 
 is almost certain that the church was organized by Rev. T. N. Hasselquist, 
 who at that time had charge of almost all the church work among the Lutherans 
 in Knox county. 
 
 Wataga was not, until last year, an independent charge. In i86i, Wataga 
 was added to Altona, and served for two years by the Rev. J. F. O. Duvell. For 
 eleven years, or until 1873, the church was a part of the Knoxville charge, then 
 it was added to the Altona charge for one year and after that to the Henderson 
 Grove charge for one year. After this again it was a part of the Knoxville 
 charge for three years, or until 1879, and then of the Altona charge for six years, 
 or until 1885. In 1886, Wataga was again added to the Henderson Grove 
 charge, remaining in this connection three years, and then it was a part of the 
 Galva charge for five years, or until 1903. From the first of the year 
 1904, until 1910, Wataga was a part of the Knoxville charge. In 1911, it be- 
 came an independent pastorate and received its first settled pastor July 17 of 
 that year, in the Rev. Jas. Hultberg. 
 
 It is not definitely known when the first church building was erected, but 
 it was struck by lightning, in 1875, and burned to the ground. The present 
 church was built the same year and dedicated February 2, 1876. Later an ad- 
 dition was built to the church, which is used as a Luther hall by the young people 
 and at social gatherings. 
 
 The church has at present 150 communicant members and 50 children, in all 
 200 souls. The Sunday school numbers in all 50 members. It has an active 
 ladies' aid society and a Luther league. :^ ; ','"'. 
 
V.: :/ .;y; :: HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY ;;> 
 
 . :,.: -./^I'v, / : . TRINITY EVANGELICAL LUTHERAN CHURCH, ^ V-"^^V . . 
 
 ' ' GALESBURG, ILLINOIS - '"'-'- 
 
 The facts concerning the organization of this church and the causes that led 
 up to the same are of such iniportance that they should be mentioned more in 
 detail, to enable one to get a true conception of the work. Galesburg, as has 
 already been stated, is one of the pioneer fields, of the Lutheran Augustana 
 synod. The First Swedish Lutheran church was organized in 1851, nine years 
 before the organization of the synod. As time advanced, the English question 
 became more and more urgent within the First church. Many of the young 
 people did not learn the Swedish language, others married into families of other 
 nationalities, and as a result, it became necessary not only to give instruction 
 in English in the Sunday school and catechetical classes, but also to have full 
 English services at regular intervals and to use the English at the meetings of 
 the young people and other societies. But in a city the size of Galesburg and in 
 a church as large as the First Lutheran, this arrangement could, in the end, 
 satisfy neither those who desired the Swedish nor those who clamored for 
 English. 
 
 Two ideas were held forth as a solution of the question ; one that the con- 
 gregation should gradually resolve itself into an English speaking church and a 
 new Swedish congregation be organized, and the other that a new English 
 speaking congregation be organized. This latter idea became the prevailing one 
 and resulted in the organization of an English Lutheran church. Already, in 
 1890, an effort had been made to organize such a congregation, but nothing 
 came of it, and it was not until 1906, that definite steps were taken to organize 
 an English Lutheran church in Galesburg. During the summer of that year, 
 the synod of northern Illinois, a branch of the general synod of the Lutheran 
 Church of America, sent its field secretary to Galesburg with the view of or- 
 ganizing an English church. It now became urgent, if anything was to be done 
 by the Augustana synod, that it be done at once. The executive committee of 
 the Illinois conference was therefore communicated with, the field secretary of 
 the synod of northern Illinois was withdrawn, and steps taken by the Swedish 
 congregation to organize an English church without delay. At a meeting of 
 the congregation, held September 24th, the following very liberal resolutions 
 
 were passed: '. ; /.v r: ^ ^,- : -^ ; w- .^^ --.,.. 
 
 Resolved: '^ > 
 
 I. "That the congregation will gladly welcome an English Lutheran 
 '; church in Galesburg, organized in all respects in accordance with the 
 word of God and the constitution and by-laws of the Evangelical Lutheran 
 ; :; , Augustana synod. 
 
 -:.' 2. "That the congregation will leave it to the freedom of each in- 
 
 . .V; dividual member to join such church, if he or she so desires. 
 V ' . 3- "That the congregation invoke God's richest blessing upon such 
 
 ":' English work. 
 
 ', 4- "That the congregation petition the executive board of the Illinois 
 
 : . V conference to call a pastor to have charge of the English work, after 
 consultation with the joint board and with such persons as shall designate 
 ...; their desire to join the new church. 
 
 .:'/' - Tol 1-44 - ., ..."' -- - .'-"'. . - 
 
690 : HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY 
 
 5. "That the congregation grant, as far as practicable, the newly 
 organized church, the privilege of using the church edifice and Luther 
 1' hall for services, Sunday school and other meetings until a new church 
 
 ' ; building has been erected. 
 
 '- 6. "That the congregation shall pay half of the salary of the new 
 
 .C pastor for the first year, beginning at the time he enters upon his duties. 
 ' 7. "That the congregation declare its willingness to give assistance, 
 
 according to its means, to the English work during the coming years, to 
 such an extent as the congregation may deem it necessary and wise. 
 . ; 8. "That the newly organized church be granted the privilege of 
 
 ;. soliciting donations from members of the congregation for the purpose of 
 
 procuring church property. 
 
 9. "That the congregation shall return to the exclusive use of the 
 Swedish language as soon as that may be done, and thereby promote the 
 true interest of the whole church work, the Swedish as well as the English." 
 Steps were immediately taken to organize the new church. Mr. E. G. Knock 
 of the Theological seminary at Rock Island, Illinois, was called by the executive 
 board of the conference to take temporary charge of the work. He met general 
 encouragement in his labors, and on Monday evening, December 3, 1906, a called 
 meeting was held in Luther hall for the purpose of organization. The meeting 
 was called to order by Mr. Knock. Rev. F. A. Johnsson, pastor of the First 
 Swedish Lutheran church, was elected chairman and Mr. Elem Lavin, secretary, 
 and the work of organizing carried through. One hundred and nine persons 
 present at this meeting pledged themselves as members, and sixty-two additional 
 pledges of persons not present were in hand, making a total of one hundred and 
 seventy-one members on the day of organization. By a resolution all those who 
 joined before January i, 1907, would be considered charter members. By Janu- 
 ary 1st fifty-one additional persons had joined, making the total number of char- 
 ter members of Trinity Lutheran church two hundred and twenty-two. To these 
 should be added thirty children, making the total two hundred and- fifty-two 
 souls. 
 
 The following were elected deacons : Messrs. D. B. Swanson, Elem N. Lavin 
 and W. A. Morehead, and the following trustees, Messrs. D. L. Peterson, L. D. 
 Johnson, P. F. Swanson, C. A. Swanson and A. E. Steinfeldt. Mr. Elem Lavin 
 was elected superintendent of the Sunday school and Mr. W. A. Morehead as- 
 sistant superintendent. At the annual meeting, January 2, 1907, the number of 
 deacons was increased to six and the following additional ones elected : Messrs. 
 R. G. Gill. Elmer Moburg and F. E. Ferguson. 
 
 The good will and intentions of the First Lutheran church were shown at the 
 organization of Trinity Sunday school on the first Sunday of January, 1907, 
 when about 250 members of the First church Sunday school were transferred 
 with books and other necessary literature to Trinity Sunday school, which met 
 in Luther hall. All of these had signified their desire of receiving instruction in 
 English and had also received the consent of their parents to join the English 
 Sunday school. In the number was also contained a large percentage of teach- 
 ing force in the Swedish Sunday school. 
 
 Trinity's first call for a pastor was extended to Rev. C, E. Haflfsten of Rock 
 Island, but since he declined to accept, a call was extended on January 29, 1907, 
 
690 HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY : 
 
 ' 5. "That the congregation grant, as far as practicable, the newly ' 
 - organized church, the privilege of using the church edifice and Luther 
 ; hall for services. Sunday school and other meetings until a new church 
 building has been erected. 
 
 6. "That the congregation shall pay half of the salary of the new ; 
 '* pastor for the first year, beginning at the time he enters upon his duties. 
 7- "That the congregation declare its willingness to give assistance, 
 .'' according to its means, to the English work during the coming years, to 
 ' ! such an extent as the congregation may deem it necessary and wise. 
 
 8. "That the newly organized church be granted the privilege of 
 
 . soliciting donations from membeis of the congregation for the purpose of 
 
 procuring church property. . i 
 
 . 9. "That the congregation shall return to the exclusive use of the 
 
 Swedish language as soon as that mav be done, and thereby promote the 
 true interest of the whole church work, the Swedish as well as the English." 
 Steps \\'cre iiiniiediateh taken to organize the new church. Mr. E. G. Knock 
 of the Theological seminary at Rock Island. Illinois, was called by the executive 
 board of the cunfcrencc to take temporary charge of the work. He met general 
 encouragement in his labors, and on Monday evening, December 3, 1906, a called . 
 meeting was held in Luther hall for the purpose of organization. The meeting 
 was called to order by Mr. Knock. Rev. E. A. Johnsson, pastor of tho Eirst 
 Swedish Lutheran church, was elected chairman and Mr. Elem Lavin. secretary, 
 and the work of organizing carried through. One hundred and nine ])ersons 
 present at this meeting pledged themselves as memlx.Ts, and sixty-two additional \ 
 ])Iedges of persfjns not present were in hand, making a total of one hundred and 
 seventy-one members on the day of organization. Uy a resolution all those who y 
 joined before January i, 1907. would be considered charter members. l>y Janu- 
 ary 1st fifty-one additional persons had joined, making the total number of char- ; 
 ter members of Trinity Lutheran church two himdred and twentv-two. To these 
 should be added thirty children, making the total two hundred and- fifty-two 
 souls. , 
 
 The following were elected deacons: Messrs. D. 15. Swanson. Elem X. Lavin 
 and \\ . A. Morehead. and the following trustees. Messrs. D. L. Peterson, L. D. 
 John'if)n. P. !'. Swanson. C. A. Swanson and A. E. Steinfeldt. Mr. Elem Lavin 
 was electc-d <u])erintendent of the .^unday school and .Mr. \\'. .A. Morehead as- 
 >istant suj)erintendcnt. At the annual meeting. January 2. 1907. the number of 
 deacons was increased to six and tlie following additional ones elected: Messrs. 
 R. (i. (iill. Elmer Moburg and E. E. Eerguson. ., , - 1 -/ 
 
 The good will and intentions of the l-'irst Lutheran church were shown at the 
 organization of Trinity Sunday school on the first .Stuiday of January, 1907, 
 when about 250 members of the Eirst church Sunday school were transferred 
 with books and other necessary literature to Trinity Sunday school, which met : 
 in Luther hall. All of these had signified their desire of receiving instruction in 
 English and had also received the consent of their parents to join the English 
 Sunday school. In the number was also contained a large percentage of teach- 
 ing force in the Swedish Sunday school. 
 
 Trinity's first call for a pastor was extended to Rev. C. E. Haflfsten of Rock 
 Island, but since he declined to accept, a call was extended on January 29. 1907, 
 
ffs 
 
 It: 
 
 = -. 
 
HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY ^'. 601 
 
 Mr. F. O. Hanson of the Theological seminary, who accepted the call and entered 
 upon his pastorate immediately after his ordination to the ministry, preaching 
 his first sermon on June 29, 1907. 
 
 In June, 1907, the church purchased what was then known as the St. John's 
 Episcopal church and immediately began operations to complete it, as it had 
 hitherto been in an unfinished state. The work progressed rapidly, and on De- 
 cember lo the first meeting in the nature of a prayer meeting was held in the 
 basement. The entire church was ready for occupancy in May, 1908, and on 
 Sunday, May 17, the congregation formally moved into its own temple of wor- 
 ship. All services had hitherto been held in Luther hall of the First church. The 
 total expense for the purchase and remodeling and furnishing of the church 
 had been $24,000. To meet this $8,000 were subscribed among the members and 
 friends of the church the first year. Since that time more money has been sub- 
 scribed and paid in, so that the present indebtedness on the church amounts 
 only to about $10,000. 
 
 Within the church are the following organizations, the Euodia society, con- 
 sisting of all the members of the church and of a social nature exclusively; the 
 Ladies' Aid society, organized early in 1907, very active and successful ; the 
 Young Ladies' auxiliary, organized shortly after the Ladies' Aid, and being just 
 what the name suggests, viz., an auxiliary to this society ; the Luther league, or- 
 ganized in November, 1907, and holding devotional meetings every Sunday even- 
 ing at 6 :30. 
 
 Trinity congregation now (1911) numbers 640 communicant members and 
 207, a total of 847 souls. This marvelous growth in four years abundantly 
 proves that the Swedish Lutherans in the older Swedish centers are rapidly be- 
 coming Americanized and that the English language will have to be used as 
 the medium for religious instruction more than hitherto. ; v 
 
 ^.^ GERMAN EVANGELICAL LUTHERAN CHURCH 
 
 :;r{^- :-;; ::/'.'-;'^;;" ^^. BY H. W. KOWERT ' -J ; ' .' ' '' '' 
 
 About the year 1859 or '60 the Rev. Selle, a minister of the German Evan- 
 gelical Lutheran synod of Missouri and pastor of a congregation of that de- 
 nomination in Rock Island, made a missionary tour of this part of Illinois and 
 found on this tour the German people of Lutheran faith who had settled in 
 Galesburg. 
 
 This new field was turned over to the Rev. Paulus Heid, minister of the 
 same denomination and pastor at Peoria. Rev. Heid was more able to take this 
 charge under his care than the Rev. Selle. The railroad from Peoria to Gales- 
 burg had just been built, while Rev. Selle was forced to come here by team. 
 
 Rev. Heid then came to Galesburg every four weeks and conducted divine 
 services in a hall on West Main street; also gave instruction to the children. 
 
 A congregation was soon organized. The name which the congregation as- 
 sumed was : "The German Evangelical Lutheran St. John's congregation of the 
 unaltered Augsburg confession." 
 
692 HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY 
 
 No definite statement as to the date or manner of organization can be made. 
 The earliest records on hand, which are minutes of meetings held on October 28 
 and November 23, i86i, and the organization paper filed for record in the Cir- 
 cuit court of Knox county, testify mainly that the congregation, which had been 
 previously organized and had assumed the name given above, did meet on the 
 28th day of October, i86i, and choose for their trustees: John Bassler, for two 
 years ; Leonhard Dennhoefer, for one year ; Friedrich Axen, also for one year. 
 Nor can a complete or correct list of the charter members be given. But so far 
 as can be learned from the early records and personal recollection of two mem- 
 bers still living the following may be mentioned : Jacob Sauter, Leonhard Denn- 
 hoefer, John Bassler, Friederick Axen, George Sutter, Friederich Hindricks, Wm. 
 Geisler, Simon Miihlberger, John Weis, John Oberhauser. Of these Jacob 
 Sauter and Leonhard Dennhoefer are still living and members of the congre- 
 gation. 
 
 After the organization, steps were at once taken to buy a suitable site for 
 church purposes. The trustees served as buying and building committee. 
 
 The congregation decided to buy a corner lot on Seminary and Berrien 
 streets, and authorized their trustees to give out the contract for building the 
 church, which was to be 36 feet long, 34 feet broad and 14 feet high. 
 
 The above mentioned lot was not bought, but instead a lot on the corner of 
 Brooks and Chambers streets. The church, however, was not erected on this 
 lot, as will be explained later. 
 
 Rev. Heid continued serving the congregation about once a month until the 
 early part of 1863, when the congregation succeeded in calling as their pastor 
 the Rev. G. Gruber. It deserves to be noted that the members conducted a read- 
 ing service on those Sundays on which Rev. Heid could not be here, one of the 
 trustees reading a sermon from a Lutheran postil. 
 
 The congregation having now its own minister, who conducted services every 
 Sunday and instructed these children during the week, the life and interest in 
 church affairs began to grow and the desire to have their own church home be- 
 came stronger. And when the Universalist congregation offered to sell to our 
 congregation their church property on Tompkins, near Seminary, the offer was 
 readily accepted and the lots on Brooks and Chambers streets sold to help pay 
 for this property. This was in the summer of 1863. : ,. : ' -^ 
 
 As the church was in an L shape and larger than the congregation needed, 
 the rear part, which was the newer, was separated from the front part, moved 
 and remodeled to serve as parsonage and school. 
 
 ' Rev. Gruber' was pastor of the congregation from 1863-1868, in which year 
 he accepted a call to Warsaw, Illinois. ' v: - .. . 
 
 Of the following years, 1868-1874, there is hardly any record. The min- 
 ister called to succeed Rev. Gruber was Rev. Boeber, after whom, according to 
 recollections of members, came Rev. Rausch and Rev. Klein. The history of the 
 congregation in these years can be learned from the minutes of the meeting, 
 which was held on the first Sunday after New Year, 1875. Rev. C. Lotz, mem- 
 ber of the Iowa synod, was then pastor of the congregation, coming here in 
 October, 1874. 
 
 From the minutes of this meeting, we learn that the congregation, in the 
 years 1868-1874. had departed from their original confessional and doctrinal 
 
'v-;;: .:0 HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY - ^ - 693 
 
 position and had also assumed a new name. The confessional and doctrinal posi- 
 tion which was held in these years was that of the "German Evangelical Synod of 
 North America." 
 
 The congregation, therefore, passed the following resolutions, in this meet- 
 ing: To assume the original name, and, whereas, the original constitution 
 had disappeared, to draw up a new constitution in harmony with the original 
 confessional and doctrinal position. This constitution was adopted February, 
 1875. 
 
 When Rev. Lotz left, in 1880, the congregation called a minister from the 
 Wisconsin synod, the Rev. Genisige. He, however, was compelled, on account 
 of sickness, to resign after a few months. Rev. H. Bendler, from the same 
 synod, was his successor. During his ministry, the present church of the cci- 
 gregation was built. The new church cost about $3,6cx), the ladies' society fur- 
 nishing the pulpit, altar and benches. The church was dedicated August ir, 
 1882. 
 
 When Rev. Bendler, in 1883, accepted a call to Burlington, Wisconsin, Rev. 
 Traut, of Peoria, was asked to serve the congregation and help them towards 
 getting another minister. After three months the Rev. Bergen, of the Missouri 
 synod, was called. He was pastor from 1883 to 1885. 
 
 After his departure, the congregation was without a minister of their own 
 for i6 years. The minister from the Kewanee Lutheran church preached here 
 only every third Sunday. Ministers who thus served the congregation were 
 Rev. O. L. Hohenstein, 1885-1891; Rev. D. Lochner, 1891-1894; Rev. A. E. 
 Reincke, 1894-1900; Rev. H. E. Jacobs, five months, when he succeeded in hav- 
 ing the congregation again call a minister of their own. Rev. H. Schmidt was 
 called and was pastor from 1901 to 1909. When he left. Rev. H. W. Kowert 
 was called as pastor. -..:-> ... 
 
 : - :v ;;.: CHRISTIANS OR DISCIPLES OF CHRIST 
 
 ''r:-'-.-r-J'':; ;;';'.;:.';' *;7^- BY CHESTER E. CONNER 'i^^V..'.-' - ^;;"' ''''"':'-': 
 
 Ranking fourth among the so-called Protestant bodies of the Anglo-Saxon 
 race in America is a people calling themselves "Christians or Disciples of Christ," 
 and designating their congregations "Cliristian churches, or Churches of Christ." 
 
 The people wearing the above and other scriptural designations constitute a 
 movement within the church. They do not claim to be "the church," but only a 
 portion of it or a movement on the part of some of its membership ; but being a 
 portion, it does not follow that they are a sect or denomination. They think of 
 themselves as "Christians only, but not the only Christians." 
 
 This movement had its origin about one hundred years ago. It sprang 
 from the people somewhat simultaneously in different sections of America, and 
 from diverse denominations, receiving its strong initial impulse from the preachers 
 and scattered members of the various churches on the frontiers of America. Led 
 by such able ministers of the gospel as Thomas and Alexander Campbell, of 
 the Seceeder Presbyterian church in western Pennsylvania; Walter Scott, a 
 
694 HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY 
 
 prominent Baptist evangelist, in Ohio; and Barton W. Stone, of the regular 
 Presbyterian church in Kentucky, they sought for common ground upon which 
 all Christians could stand united and work together to extend the kingdom of 
 God among the perils of pioneer life. This they found by ceasing to recognize 
 as binding human names and creeds and by maintaining the faith, ordinances, 
 names and ideals of the New Testament church. 
 
 ; The growth of this movement has been marvelous. Since the beginning of 
 the Protestant reformation no religious body has continued through the years 
 to grow so rapidly. The first church to stand forth as Christian only was at 
 Brush Run, Pennsylvania, in i8ii, with but a handful of members. Now there 
 are 11,280 churches with 1,375,000 members, comprising a fellowship that ranks 
 sixth among all the Christian bodies of the new world. There are about 116,000 
 members in the state of Illinois, and 1,900 in Knox county. These people accept 
 the Bible, and especially the New Testament, as the only authoritative religious 
 guide book. They cannot be accused of a private road in religion or of asking 
 men to accept some alleged new revelation, for their ap>peal is "the word of God 
 liveth and abideth forever." 
 
 They accept Jesus as the Christ, the son of God, the Savior of the world, as 
 their only creed. They have laid aside all humanly devised statements of faith, 
 all the historic and authoritative creeds of the church as being unauthorized, un- 
 necessary, and as tending toward schisms or the perpetuation of those now exist- 
 ing. On Him the church is builded, and "he that hath the Son hath life." 
 Recognizing Christ as the living head of the church. His word is their only 
 law in religious matters. While they hold large conventions each year their 
 sessions are always deliberative, never legislative. Each person is, under the 
 divine will, keeper of his own conscience. It is remarkable that among these 
 people there has never been a heresy trial, the ministry exercising the utmost 
 freedom in preaching and teaching and in the order and form of religious exer- 
 cises and worship. Notwithstanding this fact, their services are always dignified 
 and marked with extreme simplicity. :-:.-;..-':; 
 
 These people preach and practice the calling of scriptural things by scriptural 
 names. These names do not differentiate them from other Christians, but, on the 
 contrary, tend to break down all barriers between believers. They believe that 
 all denominational names help to perpetuate divisions in the church and that these 
 must all be abandoned before that unity for which our Master prayed and His 
 Apostles labored shall be brought to pass. 
 
 From the beginning of this movement the plea has been for the union of all 
 believers, that the world might thereby more speedily and more surely have the 
 truth. They believe this matter to be of gravest concern to the church, as it 
 undoubtedly was to the Master when he prayed the Father that it might be so, 
 as recorded in the seventeenth chapter of the Gospel of John. The Disciples of 
 Christ maintain a commission on Christian union, and through its activity in 
 behalf of this great plea believers of all communions are being brought face to 
 face with the necessity for union if the un-CTiristian world is to be reached with 
 the gospel message. Out of a conference of this commission recently had with 
 the Christian Unity Foundation, of New York city, an Episcopal organization, 
 the foundation prepared a remarkable and valuable pamphlet entitled, "The 
 Disciples of Christ A Brief Statement of Their Doctrine and Status in the 
 
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694 L HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY . , 
 
 prominent Baptist evangelist, in Ohio ; and Barton \V. Stone, of the regular 
 Presbyterian church in Kentucky, they sought for common ground upon which 
 all Christians could stand united and work together to extend the kingdom of 
 God among the perils of pioneer life. This they found by ceasing to recognize 
 as binding human names and creeds and by maintaining the faith, ordinances, 
 names and ideals of the Xew Testament church. 
 
 The growth of this movement has been marvelous. Since the beginning of 
 the Protestant reformation no religious body has continued through the years 
 to grow so rapidly. The first church to stand forth as Christian only was at 
 Brush Run, Pennsylvania, in 1811, with but a handful of members. Now there 
 are 11,280 churches with 1,375,000 members, comprising a fellowship that ranks 
 sixth among all the Christian bodies of the new world. There are about 116,000 
 members in the state of Illinois, and 1,900 in Knox county. These people accei)t 
 the Bible, and especially the Xew Testament, as the only authoritative religious 
 guide book. They cannot be accused of a private road in religion or of asking 
 men to accept scjiiie alleged new revelation, for their api)eal is "the word of God 
 liveth and abideth forever." 
 
 They acce])t Jesus as the Christ, the son of God. the Savior of the world, as 
 their only creed. They have laid aside all humanly devised statements of faith, 
 all the historic and authoritative creeds of the church as Ijeing unauthorized, un- 
 necessary, and as tending toward schisms or the perpetuation of those now exist- 
 ing. On Him the church is builded, and 'he that hath the Son hath life." 
 Recognizing Christ as the living head of the church. His word is their only 
 law in religious matters. \\'hile they hold large conventions each year their 
 sessions are always deliljerative, never legislative. Each i)erson is, under the 
 divine will, keeper of his own conscience. It is remarkable that among these 
 people there lias never "heen a heresy trial, the ministry exercising the utmost 
 freedom in preaching and teaching and in the order and form of religious exer- 
 cises and worship. Notwithstanding this fact, their services are always dignified 
 and marked with extreme simplicity. - ] . 
 
 These ])e()ple preach and practice the calling of scriptural things bv scriptural 
 names. These names do not difterentiale them from other Christians, btit, on the 
 contrary, tend to lireak down all barriers between believers. They believe that 
 all denominational names help to perpetuate divisions in the church and that these 
 must all be abandoned before that unity for which our Master prayed and His 
 Apostles labored shall be brought to pass. 
 
 From the beginning of this movement the plea has been for the union of all 
 believers, that the world might thereby more speedily and more surely have the 
 truth. They believe this matter to be of gravest concern to the church, as it 
 un<loubtedly was to the Master when he ])raye(l the Father that it might be so. 
 as recorded in the seventeenth chapter of the Gospel of John. The Disciples of 
 Christ maintain a commission on Christian union, and through its activity in 
 behalf of this great plea believers of all communions are l>eing brought face to 
 face with the necessity for union if the un-CTiristian world is to be reached with 
 the gospel message. Out of a conference of this commission recently had with 
 the Christian Unity Foundation, of Xew York city, an Episcopal organization, 
 the foundation prepared a remarkable and valuable pamphlet entitled, "The 
 Disciples of Christ A Brief Statement of Their Doctrine and Status in the 
 
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 N'O 
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 ' n 
 ^o. 
 
 00 
 
 
 
 2. X 
 
;;;\v :vv HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY 696 
 
 United States," and at their own expense distributed it throughout the country, 
 which is perhaps the first time in the history of divided Christendom that one com- 
 munion has prepared a friendly statement regarding another communion and 
 distributed it at its own expense. Copies of the pamphlet may be had by ad- 
 dressing the Christian Unity foundation, 143 E. Thirty-seventh street. New 
 York City. Preparations are being made for a world conference on faith and 
 order, to be held six or eight years hence in this country or Europe. Already 
 eighteen communions have consented to be represented and have appointed their 
 commissions. Never have conditions been so ripe for the union of the divided 
 house of God as in these times, and every disciple of Christ in all parts of the 
 world hails it with delight, for Christ's conquest of the world depends upon the 
 union of His forces. The work of the Disciples of Christ for Christian union 
 may be more fully known by addressing the Commission on Christian Union, E. 
 W. Burnham, secretary, Springfield, Illinois. 
 
 These people are actively engaged in missions both at home and abroad, 
 maintaining the most remote mission station in all the world at Batang, on the 
 border of Tibet. Their mission at Bolenge, Africa, is remarkable for its evangel- 
 istic activity. Each nine members support the tenth in evangelistic work. 
 There were, at the close of 1911, nine hundred and nine members in this 
 congregation, of whom one hundred and two were supported as evangelists. 
 The membership and the number of evangelists have greatly increased 
 since the publication of the 1911 report. The Christian missionaries in China 
 have, during the current revolution, had great influence with the dignitaries of 
 both the revolutionists and the dynasty, and have thus brought the work of the 
 disciples in that land into prominence. The Eirst Christian Church of Galesburg 
 is one of a large and rapidly increasing number of congregations which sup- 
 ports its own missionary- on the foreign field. Mrs. W. R. Hunt, stationed at 
 Chuchow, China, is their representative. The practicability of Christian union 
 is being demonstrated in foreign mission work, where denominational differences 
 are forgotten in zeal for the salvation of the heathen world. It is significant of 
 the early conquest of the home land that men are forgetting their differences of 
 opinion and discovering their oneness of faith. The general missionary boards of 
 the Disciples of Christ, located at Cincinnati, Ohio, direct missionary activities 
 in America, the territorial provinces, India. Japan, China, Africa, Philippine 
 Islands, England, Cuba, Turkey, Scandinavia, Australia, Hawaii and Tibet, and 
 have numerous hospitals, colleges and universities with excellent faculties and 
 equipment for the carrying on of their great work. The Disciples of Christ are 
 also very active in evangelism and education, and along all lines of moral and 
 social reform. One of the most promising agencies of the church is of recent 
 origin, the brotherhood, which now has national and state organizations, and 
 many local chapters. There are two prominent local brotherhoods in this county, 
 one in the Galesburg Christian church and the other in the church at Knoxville. 
 The beloved pastor of the Galesburg church is the honored president of the 
 Illinois State Brotherhood of the Disciples of Christ. Mr. R. A. Long, of Kansas 
 City, Missouri, is the president of the general movement, and E. E. Elliott and J. 
 K. Shellenberger are secretaries, with headquarters at Kansas City. The brother- 
 hood publishes a monthly magazine called "Christian Men," which is regarded 
 by men of several communions as the very best periodical literature of its kind. 
 
696 HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY _ -^ 
 
 It was first issued January i, 1909, and is now being sent regularly to about 
 twenty thousand subscribers. . . 
 
 It has been impossible for the writer to prepare at this time a statement of 
 the history of the disciples of Christ in this state and county. Rev. B. J. Rad- 
 ford, of Eureka, Illinois, is now engaged in the preparation of a work of this 
 kind which will, when completed, be of great interest and value. i 
 
 It is sufficient here to state that among the very first settlers in Knox county 
 were some who stood identified with the doctrine and plea of the disciples. One 
 of the very first congregations of worshipers in the county was a Christian 
 church at Henderson. The date of its organization is not known. Mr. E. B. ' ; 
 Reynolds, who resides at 67 Blaine avenue, Galesburg, Illinois, states that ac- . 
 cording to his best recollection this congregation was organized about 1838 or 
 1839. Judge C. H. Nelson, who has known the history of Henderson from his 
 childhood, and still resides there, writes: "In regard to the organization of 
 the Christian church at this place, I have no data previous to the year 1843. ^ 
 well remember that there was an organization of this church as far back as the 
 year mentioned. Services were held then and for some years afterward in 
 the schoolhouses by itinerate preachers, among whom were John E. Murphy, 
 Smith Wallace and John E. Martin. At that time Morran Baker was an active 
 member of the church. About the year 1850, the church succeeded in building ;; 
 a brick chapel in the village. The work seemed to move rather slowly up to A 
 1853, and about this time Rev. Ziba Brown held a revival which resulted in many '- 
 conversions and additions to the membership, among whom were many of ^ 
 the prominent families of the community. Rev. Jas. Gaston came to the church 
 in the spring of 1854, and continued to be its minister for nine years, during 
 which time several revivals were held and the church increased in membership 
 and in influence in the community. After Rev. Gaston's ministry came to 
 an end, the work rapidly went down, and with the exception of two years, 1895 r 
 and 1896, regular services have not since been maintained." Others have given 
 their opinions as to the time when the Henderson church organized, and are ,., 
 pretty well agreed that it was between 1837 and 1839. 
 
 Other congregations flourished in the very early times at French Grove, .. 
 in the eastern part of the county, about which nothing definite can now be learned ; V 
 at Walnut Grove, which was near Altona, and was one of the strong churches of 
 the county in the days before the railroad was built through this section ; and 
 also at Knoxville there was a small congregation consisting of about twelve people, 
 among whom were Elder Jacob Gum, who performed ministerial duties ; Doctor 
 Hansford and wife ; John Karns, who for a long time was a tailor and clothing 
 merchant in Knoxville ; and John Eads. who was very active in religious work. 
 The Knoxville organization was first formed about the same time as the work 
 at Henderson, but was not maintained longer than about ten years. Union church 
 was built during the summer of 1850, about five miles east and one mile north 
 of Galesburg. The congregation organized in December of that year. These 
 people never had a resident pastor. In addition to those who ministered at Hen- 
 derson, the following ministered at Union : Milton Dodge, Jordan Dodge, Robert 
 Wallace, Patrick H. Murphy, Henry Murphy, James Butler and many others 
 of some prominence. Mr. E. B. Reynolds was very active in the work at Union. 
 
' ; HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY .: 697 
 
 Anthony Rhodes was here ordained to the Christian ministry, March lo, 1869, 
 Rev. Smith Wallace being in charge of the ordination service. The name of 
 Mr. John Spooner is also prominently mentioned in connection with Union church. 
 About the year 1869, Rev. J. H. Garrison held a revival meeting in Knoxville 
 which resulted in the organization of a church, and the members at Union trans- 
 ferred their membership to Knoxville, thus ending the organized work at Union. 
 The Knoxville church has continued to grow and is now one of the splendid 
 groups of disciples in this county. Flourishing congregations are also to be 
 found at Abingdon, Galesburg, Hermon and St. Augustine, and at East Gales- 
 burg (Randall P. O.) the First Christian church of Galesburg maintains a mis- 
 sion. All of these congregations, with the exception of the Galesburg church, are 
 established in commodious and conveniently arranged meeting houses, and this 
 congregation has purchased a most excellent lot situated at the corner of Broad 
 and North streets, and is now raising funds with which to build a large, modern 
 plant on that site. 
 
 The disciples met in very early times in Galesburg sometimes in the public 
 hall and more often in a dwelling, and later on regular meetings were held in the 
 office of Dr. J. B. Vivion. Elder Haley was one of the first preachers to present 
 the plea of the disciples in this city. The disciples did not organize, however, 
 until in 1871. The meeting at which this organization was effected was held in 
 Dr. Vivion's office. About this time a meeting house was purchased from the 
 Swedish M. E. church, and immediately thereafter Knowles Shaw, the noted 
 evangelist and gospel singer, was engaged for a revival meeting. Some strength 
 was added to the movement through the revival and the cause of the disciples was 
 now fairly launched in this city. The congregation was incorporated April ii, 
 1872, the certificate of incorporation being filed July 31, 1872, and Henry M. 
 Bruner, Maximilian Shelton and John B. Scheitlan were named as trustees. The 
 corporate name adopted at this time was "The Christian Church of Galesburg." 
 Until 1878 the congregation continued to meet on east Ferris street (the build- 
 ing stood on the north side of Ferris midway between Kellogg and Seminary 
 streets), and during that year the house was moved to West Tompkins street 
 between Broad and Cedar. Here the disciples met until 1892, when they moved 
 into the building which they now occupy on North West street. This building was 
 dedicated by Rev. F, M. Rains, March 6, 1892, during the ministry of Rev. G. J. 
 Ellis. On December 31, 1911, the corporate name of this congregation was 
 changed to "The First Christian Church of Galesburg," and the following were 
 elected and now serve as trustees : Roy Patty, C. E. Conner, R. C. Rice, W. D. 
 Godfrey and Dr. E. D. Wing. Alfred Peterson, church clerk, reported a mem- 
 bership of eight hundred seventy-two persons at the beginning of 1912. 
 
 During the past three or four years the Galesbrrg church has made very 
 rapid progress. It has undertaken large tasks and assumed heavy responsibilities 
 which have deeply impressed the community with the magnitude of their faith 
 and the earnestness of their zeal. In May, 1911, they entered upon a great 
 revival effort under the leadership of Chas. Reign Scoville and his talented com- 
 pany, consisting in all of eight persons. On Tuesday, May i6th, in preparation 
 for the meetings, a monster tabernacle was erected on the Foley lot, comer of 
 North Broad and Waters streets. The labor was donated by about one hun- 
 dred and seventy members and friends, and the building was practically com- 
 
898 /.^ HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY 
 
 '" ;\ pleted by the hour set for the dedicatory service, and Rev. J. Fred Jones of 
 
 ;'. Bloomington. Illinois, formally set the building apart for religious services that 
 
 ; ; ; same evening. The ladies of the church served hot dinner free to all who 
 
 ^ labored on the building. It was a great day in the history of religious activity 
 
 ; ,; in this county and in this part of the state. Another huge task was accom- 
 
 ;' plished in preparation for the meetings when these people made a thorough and 
 
 ; systematic canvass of the city, getting a complete religious census and distribut- 
 
 ^; ' ing announcements and literature. The revival continued four weeks and was 
 
 ':'- . , attended by multitudes of people, many of whom were converted to the Christian 
 
 \ faith and caused to lead better lives. Five hundred and thirty-eight persons 
 
 . . : made public confession of their faith in Christ. From the first night of invita- 
 
 . tion until the close of the meetings each night the people witnessed the baptism of 
 
 penitent believers. 
 
 - Many godly men have served the Christian churches of Knox county through 
 
 :; the past years, and the influence of their lives still leads the way to higher and 
 
 > nobler endeavor. Rev. James A. Barnett came to the Galesburg church Novem- 
 
 i " her i. 1907, and he has proven to be a faithful minister, a capable leader and a 
 
 ; .: tireless worker. The progress of the work in this city and county during the 
 
 the past years, and the influence of their lives still leads the way to higher and 
 
 ,. his great faith in the plea of the disciples of Christ. 
 
 ; , . ., C. E. CONNER. 
 
 '. Galesburg, Illinois, March 21, 1912. 
 
 , ' ; Much of the foregoing is taken from the 1912 year book of the Disciples of 
 
 .\ Christ, and acknowledgments are also due the friends who assisted me in the 
 
 preparation of local history. C. E. C. : .. :. 
 
 CHURCH OF THE UNITED BRETHREN IN CHRIST 
 ; . BY REV. E. FOWLER I 
 
 Among the religious organizations of the last hundred years in this country, 
 none are more interesting in their rise and development, nor more aggressive in 
 their activities today, than the church of the United Brethren in Christ. The 
 events that led to the establishing of the church had their beginning before the 
 war of the revolution. It is a little difficult to mark an exact date as the begin- 
 ning of the church. It was not founded as a result of any schism, or broken off 
 from any other organization as a result of any unpleasant relation or any mere 
 matter of church government. The men who formed it came from different de- 
 nominations and did not, for years, have any thought of forming a new denomina- 
 tion. 
 
 Philip William Otterbein came to this country from Germany as a missionary 
 in the German Reformed church in 1752. He was quite spiritual in his make up 
 and preached a clear positive doctrine. The churches of that period were, in many 
 instances, cold and formal and many persons were members in name only. 
 Under the preaching of Otterbein, some were stirred to activity while in other 
 cases opposition was met with. There were ministers in other churches that 
 
HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY 
 
 were having the same experiences, and these ministers, because of their common 
 experience, came together, from time to time, for counsel and encouragement. 
 In 1766, a great meeting was held in Isaac Long's barn in Lancaster county, Penn- 
 sylvania. At this meeting, Otterbein and Rev. Martin Boehm met for the first 
 time. Boehm was a minister in the Mennonite church and preached the sermon 
 on this occasion. He preached with such unction and power, that when he had 
 finished and was about to sit down, the great Otterbein clasped him in his arms 
 and exclaimed, "We are brethren !" This exclamation probably gave rise to the 
 name, though the formal organization was not made for some years afterward. 
 Such meetings were continued at different times but not till September of 1800 
 was the name United Brethren in Christ taken and bishops elected. 
 
 The United Brethren in Christ is Arminian in doctrine, and the government 
 in many respects is the counterpart of the American republic. There is a fur- 
 tunate balancing of power between the laity and the ministry, so that neither 
 can act independently of the other. The government is vested primarily in the 
 general conference which meets every four years and is composed of an equal 
 number of ministers and laymen. The bishops and other general officers are 
 elected by the general conference for a term of four years. The presiding elders 
 are elected by their respective conferences annually. There are local and quar- 
 terly conference preachers, who have no charge, but preach as they have oppor- 
 tunity. The churches are supplied with pastors on the itinerant plan. 
 
 The German language was used exclusively, for the first forty or fifty years. 
 The long delay of the church in adopting the English as its principal tongue 
 operated greatly against its growth, the German population always constituting 
 but a small fraction of the whole. The German speaking people, too, were less 
 progressive than their English neighbors, and this conservatism militated against 
 the growth of the church. There was a constant tendency, just as we find it now 
 with languages other than the English, to drift over into the English. The 
 children of the German families were steadily breaking away from their moorings 
 and finding homes in the English speaking churches. The Methodist Episcopal 
 church from its close resemblance to the United Brethren in doctrine, polity, and 
 general church life, and from the intimate association of the ministers and people 
 of the two denominations, naturally profited at our expense. When once the 
 transition from the German to the English became pronounced, the increase be- 
 gan to grow rapidly. Eor years, the question of fraternal orders was a troublous 
 question, the church refusing to admit to membership any one who was a mem- 
 ber of any secret order. As the number of orders multiplied and their member- 
 ship grew, this became a serious question, and in many places, the churches ex- 
 perienced difficulties because of this question. This finally resulted in a division in 
 the denomination, in 1889, when the general conference revised the constitution 
 in this respect. Since that time there has been two branches of the church known 
 as "liberals" and "radicals." Both branches are represented in Knox county. 
 
 The liberal branch has experienced a good growth, the last few years, now hav- 
 ing a membership of about 300,000. 
 
 The denomination has evidently had an imporant place in moulding religious 
 sentiment throughout the country all these years. The following is what the 
 church has and still stands for, briefiy told: , . .. . ;, 
 
700 ^v HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY 
 
 First For a positive Christian experience. The "new birth" has been 
 emphasized all these years as necessary to the Christian life. The church stands 
 for a positive Christian experience as opposed to a mere ritualistic or formal 
 service. We believe in the power of Godliness to save from sin. 
 
 Second The United Brethren church has always maintained a liberal and 
 fraternal spirit toward other denominations. Not only have we welcomed to all 
 our regular and sacramental services members from other churches, but have al- 
 ways stood ready to join in any movement that had for its purpose the extension 
 of God's kingdom. In fact, we have been so liberal in practice, that it has hindered 
 our denominational growth. Emphasizing the need of a definite Christian experi- 
 ence rather than the necessity of church membership, our church has been a great 
 feeder for other churches. The Methodists, the Presbyterians, the Baptists, the 
 Congregationalists, and in fact, every evangelical church have profited at our 
 expense. Not only members in their pews, but ministers filling their pulpits, who 
 were born in United Brethren homes, and converted at United Brethren altars, 
 and educated in United Brethren schools. 
 
 Third The church has always stood for loyalty to the government. When 
 our national life was dominated by the slave spirit and when some of the other 
 churches in humility were down on their knees in submission to that spirit, our 
 church, though operating mostly in the border states of Maryland and Virginia, 
 stood firmly against it. During the civil war, the church was thoroughly loyal 
 to the old flag and according to statistics sent more of her sons to the front than 
 any other church body of equal size. 
 
 We have always stood uncompromisingly opposed to the liquor traffic. It 
 is now comparatively an easy thing to stand against this traffic, but it was not al- 
 ways so. The time was when it was not popular to forbid church members from 
 making and using strong drink. But the United Brethren church has always 
 maintained such position. 
 
 Fourth The church stands for Christian education. We believe that the spirit- 
 ual and mental training should go hand in hand. We now have ten institutions 
 for higher education. In addition to these, we have one of the best equipped 
 publishing plants in the United States that is sending out our books and peri- 
 odicals to all parts of the world. 
 
 Fifth We are a missionary church. We have two missionary societies; 
 the home and the foreign. The one is active in planting our church in the cities 
 and in carrying the gospel to the frontier settlements. The foreign society main- 
 tains missions in Africa, China, Japan, Porto Rico and the Philippines. 
 
 In the year 1835, Rev. Joshua Dunham was appointed presiding elder for the 
 state of Illinois. At that time, there was but one circuit of the church in the state 
 and that a mission. The fertile and almost boundless prairies presented an ir- 
 resistible attraction to immigration, and with the pioneer settler came the pioneer 
 minister. Mr. Dunham was soon joined by Rev. Josiah Davis and Rev. John 
 Hoobler. Others soon followed and in a few years there were many preaching 
 places established in different parts of the state. The circuits were large and the 
 appointments were widely separated and the ministers were required to be absent 
 from their homes for weeks together, but by their faithful work the church 
 was established in many parts of the state. These were plain men, but stalwart in 
 
^^^ HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY - - ^ 701 
 
 character, mighty in faith, inflexible in purpose, and rich in achievement. They 
 rode on horseback, or sometimes went on foot, far away from home and loved 
 ones, hundreds of miles across the great prairies then new and unsubdued, but 
 now throbbing with great life. .1, 
 
 Preaching points were established in the homes of the people, in school 
 houses, and when the weather would permit, in the open air. It was perhaps in 
 the latter part of the'3os, or early part of the '4Os that some of these pioneer 
 preachers reached Knox county. Unfortunately the records of those early days 
 were not carefully kept and it is difficult to gather exact data for local history. 
 
 The earlier preaching points established in the county were at the Condra 
 school house in Henderson township and the Washington school house in Rio 
 township. An organization was effected at the Condra school house at an early 
 date and in all probability was the oldest of the denomination in the county. Some 
 of the earlier members of this organization were Ira Lane, Abraham Cubbage 
 and family, John Cubbage and family. Mrs. Wm. Condra, Wm. Watters and wife, 
 Isaac Waters and wife, Gideon Pitman and wife. Some of the earlier ministers 
 were Barney Wagner, M. Ambrose, Joshua Dunham, George Weaver, a Mr. 
 Condon, Oscar Smith, Isaac Kretsinger, Jacob Kenoyer, Andy Wimsett (famil- 
 iarly known everywhere as "Uncle Andy"), D. F. Baer, and F. J. Dunn. The 
 last named is still living (1912) and has his home in Knoxville and at the ripe 
 age of 93, still maintains an active interest in the church and ccwnmunity, and 
 preaches occasionally, as he has opportunity. J ;: 
 
 For years the congregation worshiped in the neighborhood school house but 
 such was the growth of the congregation, that a brick church was built about 
 the year 1858. This building was dedicated by Rev. Andy Wimsett and the meet- 
 ing was then continued as a revival for a period of some four or five weeks and 
 there were a number of conversions resulted. This building served as a place of 
 worship for a number of years, and in later years, two congregations resulted 
 from this one. An organization was formed in Henderson in the early '"/os, 
 where services have been regularly maintained down to the present time. Also 
 about the same time, that the Henderson organization was made, an organization 
 was effected and a building erected at what was known as Maple Grove across the 
 county line. 
 
 In 1857, Samuel Calkins and family moved from Indiana and settled in Haw 
 Creek township, and he being a member of the United Brethren church soon in- 
 duced some of the United Brethren ministers to establish a preaching point at the 
 Hazel Green school house. Appointments were also established at the Nevit school 
 house, and a little later at the Miles school house, in Persifer township. 
 
 An organization was soon perfected at the Hazel Green school house, some of 
 the earlier members being Samuel Calkins and wife, B. F. Conner and wife. Miles 
 Steward and wife, Mrs. L. Andrews, Tobias Wells, Jonathan Harshbarger and 
 others. B. F. Conner, who was a local preacher, was the first class leader. It 
 is related that in the early history of the church, a great revival was held under 
 the ministry of Rev. Wm. Hankins and that there were some sixty or more con- 
 versions. People came from some distance to attend, and at times there was 
 much shouting over the salvation of souls. It is related, that on one particular 
 evening, some recent converts began singing on their way to meeting, and from 
 
702 .:- HISTORY OF KN OX COUNTY 
 
 . ) .' ; 
 
 singing to shouting and in this way came into the house. This minister had al- 
 ready begun the services and was reading, when they entered, some singing, 
 and some shouting, and the minister had to stop his reading and give all time for 
 shouting. 
 
 Uncle Andy Wimsett was one of the great revivalists of the times and 
 held meetings in various parts of the county, and always with a goodly number 
 of converts added to the church. It is related of him that at one time, when 
 holding a meeting in a school house, where they were disturbed by some of 
 the boys on their way home from services by hallooing and shouting, and other 
 disturbances, that one evening when the boys had been especially noisy the 
 evening before, that when Uncle Andy was praying, he said, "And now. Lord, 
 those boys you know them, those that go hallooing and shouting about like 
 Indians" (here naming several tribes of Indians), and finally closed by saying, 
 "Now, Lord, make their hearts as soft as their heads." 
 
 This Hazel Green appointment was maintained for a number of years and 
 finally resulted in the organization of a church in Gilson, where a building was 
 erected and dedicated in 1866. Soon after it was dedicated, a session of the 
 Northern Illinois Annual Conference was held in this building. This appoint- 
 ment has maintained services down to the present time. 
 
 Other churches that grew out of these earlier appointments were Persifer 
 and Mound churches in Persifer township, and the Union church in Haw Creek 
 township, all of which were erected in the 'jos. All of these are maintaining 
 regular services, excepting the Mound church, which has been discontinued 
 for the last few years. In the early 'gos, soon after the decision of the denom- 
 ination over the question of secret orders, a number of the members belonging 
 to the Mound class withdrew from that organization and formed the Appleton 
 United Brethren church, this t)eing the only representative of the "radical" 
 branch in the county. 
 
 In the year 1860, four or five farmers of different denominations desired 
 to open a Sunday school, and organized one to meet each Sunday in a little 
 log school house, near where the South Grove United Brethren church in 
 Chestnut township now stands. Mr. John Spurlock, a Christian of sterling 
 quality, was chosen as superintendent. After about a year of successful Sunday 
 school work, two brothers by the name of Ross, both United Brethren preach- 
 ers, came and Rev. D. J. B. Ross held a big revival meeting in the grove that 
 surrounds the present church building. Many were converted and in 1862 
 the class had reached such a size that the school house could not accommodate them 
 and arrangements were made to build a church. The ground, about one-half 
 acre, was donated by Mr. George Drum and the church erected and dedicated 
 soon after. Mr. John Spurlock was the father of two sons, both preachers, 
 and there are also two grandsons that are preachers. 
 
 The last organization in the county is that of the church in the city of 
 Galesburg. In the fall of 1906, Rev. E. Fowler was appointed by the pre- 
 siding elder. Rev. V. W. Overton, to open up work in the city of Galesburg. 
 He, with his family, moved to the city in December, 1906. The first services 
 were held in the Woman's Association rooms. No. 347 E. Main street, on Sun- 
 day, February 3, 1907. The following week the pastor, together with Rev. 
 J. E. Shannon, evangelist of Marion, Indiana, began a series of meetings at the 
 
^ _^ 
 
 UNITED BRETHREN CHURCH 
 
 Located on the corner of Knox and Day Streets. Society organized March, 1908. Building erected 
 1C08. Value, $15,000., .. , . ^. . .... .. , . 
 
 UNI VERSALIST CHURCH ' 
 
 Located on the corner of South Prairie and Tompkins Streets. Erected in 1895. Value, $30,000. 
 
702 HISTORY OF K^OX COUNTY ; 
 
 to shouting ami in this way came into the house. This minister had al- 
 ready bej^iui the services and was reading, when they entered, some singing, 
 and some shouting, and tlie minister had to stop his reading and give all time for 
 shouting. 
 
 L'ncle Andy U'imsett was one of the great revivalists of the times and 
 held meetings in various parts of the county, and always with a goodly number 
 of converts added to the church. It is related of him that at one time, when 
 Iiolding a mcrting in a school house, where they were disturbed by some of 
 the boys on their way home from services by ballooing and shouting, and other 
 disturbances, tliat one evenmg when the boys had been especially noisy the 
 evening before, that when I'ncle Andy was praying, he said. "And now. Lord. 
 those boys you know tbem. those that go hallooing and shouting about like 
 Indians" (here naming several tribes of Indians), and finally closed by saying, 
 "Xow, Lord, make their hearts as soft as their heads." 
 
 This Hazel (!recn api)ointment was maintained for a number of years and 
 finally resulted in the organization of a church in Gilson, where a building was 
 erected and dedicated in iSf/). Soon after it was dedicated, a session of the 
 Northern Illinois Annual Conference was held in this building. This appoint- 
 ment has maintained services down to the present time. I ' .; 
 
 Other churches that grew out of these earlier apix)intments were Persifer 
 jind Mound churches in I'ersifer townshi]). and the Union church in Haw Creek 
 townshi]). all of which were erected in the 'jos. All of these are maintaining 
 regular services, excelling the Mound church, which has been discontinued 
 for tlie last few years. In the early 'yos. soon after the decision of the denom- 
 ination over the question of secret orders, a number of the members belonging 
 to the Mound class withdrew from that organization and formed the Appleton 
 L'nited P.rethren church, this being the only representative of the "radical" 
 branch in the county. . ' '. , I '.'. 
 
 In the year 1860, four or five farmers of different denominations desired 
 to open a Sunday school, and organized one to meet each Sunday in a little 
 log school house, near wliere the South Grove United Brethren church in 
 Giestnut township now stands. Mr. John Spurlock, a Christian of sterling 
 quality, was chosen as superintendent. After about a year of successful Sunday 
 school work, two brothers by tbe name of Ross, Iwth United I'.rethren preach- 
 ers. came and Rev. 1). J. ]\. Ross held a big revival meeting in the grove that 
 surrounds the i)resent clnirch building. Many were converted and in 1862 
 the class had reached such a size that the school house could not accommodate them 
 and arrangements were made to build a church. The ground, about one-half 
 acre, was donated by Mr. (ieorge Drum and the church erected and dedicated 
 soon after. Mr. John Spurlock was the father of two sons, both preachers. 
 and there are also two grandsons that are jjreachers. ; |. . : ' , 
 
 The last organization in the county is that of the church in the city of 
 Cialesburg. In the fall of KX^. Rev. E. Fowler was appointed by the pre- 
 siding elder. Rev. \'. \\'. ( )verton, to open uj) work in the city of Galesburg. 
 He, with his family, moved to the city in December, 1906. The first services 
 were held in the Woman's Association rooms. No. 347 E. Main street, on Sun- 
 day. February 3. 1907. The following week the pastor, together with Rev. 
 J. E. Shannon, evangelist of Marion, Indiana, began a series of meetings at the 
 
rXIIKI) 1!I<1.-| IIUKN Clll'UC 11 
 catfd on Ili<' roriier t>f Kntix aiul 1 >ay Streets. Snciety organixcd Marcli, 11MJ%. lUii 
 
 \';ilile, Sl.'i.lKM). 
 
 erected 
 
 - ' ' r.M\ KRSAI.IST lliriUlI 
 
 Located (m tlie c.iriu-r of Soutli Prairie aii.l 'Lniipkiiis Streets. Krecte.l in 1 Mi.'). Value. S:{<MMtO. ' 
 Socittv ornanizeil. 1J<.').'). 
 
HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY 703 
 
 above-named rooms. After one week, the meetings were transferred to what 
 was then known as the Knox Street Congregational church. Here a three 
 weeks' meeting resulted in the conversion of some thirty persons and arrange- 
 ments were made to organize the church. Bishop C. M. Mathews, of Chicago, 
 was secured for Sunday, March 24, 1907, to make the organization. The day 
 was a bright, beautiful spring day and good congregations were out, both morn- 
 ing and evening. In the morning the bishop's subject was "The Song of Im- 
 mortality." I John 3:2. After the sermon, the pastor read the names of 
 thirty-seven persons who had given their names for membership. These were 
 called forward and addressed by the bishop as to their duties as Christians and 
 members of the church, after which he and the pastor extended the hand of 
 fellowship. At the evening session, fifteen more were received into the church, 
 making a charter membership of fifty-two. Wm. Larson was elected as the 
 first class leader and James Sumner as Sunday School superintendent. Ar- 
 rangements were soon afterward made for the transfer of the property to the 
 United Brethren. This building continued as the place of worship until January 
 29, 1908, when it was destroyed by fire. This was replaced by a substantial 
 brick building, which was completed and dedicated January 31, 1909. 
 
 Ministers preaching, at the present time (1912), in the county, are Rev. 
 Mary Murrell, Henderson ; Rev. B. L. Towsley, Gilson ; Rev. W. L. Turney, 
 South Grove; and Rev. E. Fowler, Galesburg. Rev. S. Garman is the pre- 
 siding elder. . . 
 
 HISTORY OF UNIVERSALISM IN THE COUNTY OF KNOX 
 BY MARY CLAYCOMB GRUBB ' 
 
 The great distinctive thought in Universalism, that which marks most strongly 
 its difference from other religious doctrines, is the belief in the final "harmony 
 of all souls with God." This belief, not a new one, but old as Christianity itself, 
 is founded on the same Holy Scriptures which other Christians accept, but on 
 a different interpretation of them. We believe that the Bible teaches Univer- 
 salism. (We quote from "The History of Universalism, by L. B. Fisher, D. D., 
 and by doing so acknowledge the assistance this work has been in the prepara- 
 tion of this article.) "When we say that the Bible is a Universalist book, we 
 mean that Universalism is the logic of the Bible." The Bible shows "a God 
 absolutely on the side of mankind." It shows that "the movement of the whole 
 moral power of the universe is toward a racial redemption" and that "God 
 will have all men to be saved." If God succeeds, then Universalism is the 
 result, and the Bible reveals a successful God. The plan of this article does 
 not permit of argument or proofs, but only of a general statement of the growth 
 and development of this beautiful faith. It was held by many of the early 
 Christians and it was not until 544 that a local council condemned Univer- 
 salism as heresy. Although there were those who still believed this cheering 
 doctrine, even then, there was no open avowal of it or any attempt to organize 
 a Universalist church. After this date the first breaking away, openly, from 
 
' 704 ': : HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY 
 
 the generally accepted teachings of the Christians was toward the eighteenth 
 century, and practically all the difference at that time was the avowal that pun- 
 
 l ishment is not endless, but that all will finally be saved. The first Universalists 
 believed in a lost race, an offended God, the need of redemption, but they also 
 
 ' believed that Jesus died for all and therefore all will be saved. 
 
 John Murray, the pioneer of Universalism in America, was a very good 
 calvinist in every point save this one, the final salvation of all mankind, a belief 
 to which he had become converted by hearing the London preacher, James 
 
 Relly. He came to America in 1770, but we must here omit the story of his 
 meeting Thomas Potter on the shores of New Jersey, where he was prevailed 
 upon to preach his doctrine, then new to most of the inhabitants of this country, 
 and the further story of his work in teaching and preaching, along with other 
 believers in this faith, for many years after.. Hosea Ballou, the father of the 
 present day Universalism, represents the second stage in the growth of this 
 doctrine. He advanced a new theology which claimed the unity and supremacy 
 of God instead of the trinity, that the atonement was not the reconciling of 
 God to man, but of man to God, the putting at-one-ment of a rebellious child 
 with a loving Father. God does not need to be changed, but man needs to be 
 reconciled to his law. Hosea Ballou believed in a God who is "an absolute 
 sovereign of infinite love and wisdom." 
 
 To be sure, there were all along differences in opinions on some points, some 
 believing that there is no punishment after death and others that there is, and 
 so on, but new light was beginning to shine upon the gloomy religion which 
 then held most of the Christians. A better understanding of the Scriptures, 
 new versions, progress in knowledge, have only helped to establish and de- 
 velop these new views and modern Universalism is the outgrowth of these later 
 interpretations of the Scriptures. 
 
 ; . The creed of the Universalist of today, if he may be said to have a creed, 
 ; is expressed in three statements adopted at the convention held at Winchester, 
 N. H., in 1803, and known as the Winchester Profession of Belief. 
 
 v; c J These statements are as follows: 
 
 I. We believe that Holy Scriptures of the Old and New Testaments contain 
 : a revelation of the character of God and of the duty, interest, and final destina- 
 
 tion of mankind. 
 
 II. We believe that there is one God whose nature is love, revealed in one 
 Lord Jesus Christ, by one Holy Spirit of Grace who will finally restore the 
 
 . whole family of mankind to holiness and happiness. 
 
 III. We believe that holiness and true happiness are inseparably connected 
 and that believers ought to be careful to maintain order and practice good works 
 
 ;/ for these things are good and profitable unto men." 
 
 These three articles remained our only official statement of belief until 1899. 
 
 Previous to that date, however, there was much discussion of this creed and 
 
 many attempts at creed doctoring. The convention held at Boston in 1899 
 
 :' -adopted an amendment to the constitution endorsing the Winchester Profession 
 
 but adding thereto the following conditions of fellowship : 
 
 "First, the acceptance of the essential principles of the Universalist faith, 
 to-wit: 
 
 .. . 
 
HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY ;, : 705 
 
 I. The universal fatherhood of God. 
 
 II. The Spiritual authority and leadership of His Son, Jesus Christ; 
 HI. The trustworthiness of the Bible as containing a revelation from God; 
 IV. The certainty of just retribution for sin; 
 
 V. The final harmony of all souls with God." 
 
 "The Winchester Profession is commended as containing these principles, 
 but neither this nor any other precise form of word is required as a condition 
 of fellowship, provided always, that the principles above stated be professed." 
 
 "Second, The acknowledgment of the authority of the general convention 
 and assent to its laws." 
 
 Universalism has suffered much from ignorance of its teachings and a mis- 
 understanding of its requirements. It is an exacting religion. To be a Univer- 
 salist and to live Universalism demands that one should not only profess, but 
 t!o; that he should "love God with all his heart, and with all his soul, and 
 with all his strength, and with all his mind, and his neighbors as himself." This 
 is not easy to do, all will agree. We believe that there is no escape from the 
 punishment for sin; that he who dies in his sins must pay the full penalty, but 
 we do not believe that this covers an eternity of woe ; God will not fail to 
 finally save all his children. 
 
 Few professed Universalists live up fully to this beautiful faith, but there 
 are among them many saintly men and women who are fine examples of its 
 influence. 
 
 This, a very brief statement of the growth and development of Universalism, 
 has seemed necessary to a full understanding of the rest of the article. 
 
 The mere statement of the number of members of this Christian denomina- 
 tion, the enumeration of its churches, its schools, and other property holdings 
 will not give an adequate idea of its progress. This beautiful faith has been 
 like a ray of sunshine in the midst of darkness and its teachings have touched 
 and softened all other religious beliefs until they are permeated with its prin- 
 ciples and the ministers in other pulpits, the members of other churches preach 
 and practice them. 
 
 In this way we may say that Universalism has made a wonderful gfrowth 
 in not only Knox county but also in America. 
 
 Galesburg, Knox county, has always been recognized as the center of Uni- 
 versalism in this part of the state. Here was the first organized society, here 
 was established our school, Lombard college, and from here the influence of 
 this denomination has gone out to other places. Parishes have been maintained 
 for longer or shorter periods in other places in the county, as at Oneida, Yates 
 City and at other points, but none of these have proved permanent organizations, 
 although there are Universalists in all parts of the county. At Abingdon, within 
 the last two years, a parish has been organized and a new church is nearing 
 completion. The promise of a successful effort at that point is good. 
 
 I have obtained from a history given by Dr. J. V. N. Standish in 1895, when 
 the congregation left the old church edifice to occupy the present building at 
 the corner of Prairie and Tompkins streets, many of the facts given in this 
 sketch and hereby acknowledge the debt I owe him. The record of the clerk's 
 books have supplied others. 
 
 There are two separate organizations in the church here, one known as the 
 
 Vol. T 45 
 
706 HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY 
 
 First Universalist Society of Galesburg, the other as the First Universalist 
 church of Galesburg. The first meeting to organize the Society, the older of the 
 two organizations, was held in December, 1854, at the home of Uriah Conger 
 on Mulberry street. This organization was completed in January, 1855, under 
 the pastorate of Rev. William A. Ballou. All of that company, few in number, 
 have passed on to the "great beyond" and we have not even a list of their 
 names, as the first record book was lost. 
 
 Jesse Beals was the first clerk and held that office until failing health com- 
 pelled him to resign. Dr. J. V. N. Standish was chosen as his successor, serving 
 until he resigned in December, 1870. Prof. Isaac A. Parker was then elected 
 clerk and held the office until 1911, a period of forty-one years. Prof. Frank 
 H. Fowler, who for a number of years acted as assistant clerk, is now the official 
 secretary of the parish. 
 
 The preamble of the constitution of this society reads as follows : "We, the 
 
 subscribers, feeling desirous to grow in grace and in the knowledge of our 
 
 Lord and Saviour, Jesus Christ, do hereby form ourselves into a society that we 
 
 : may be helpers to each other, and by our united energies we may better serve 
 
 'the purposes of religion and truth." 
 
 The purpose of the organization is stated in Article II, and is this, "The 
 object of this Society shall be the promotion of truth and morality among its 
 members, and also in the world at large. And as the gospel of the Lord Jesus 
 Christ tends above all things to inspire the heart with the motives of benevo- 
 lence and virtue, this Society shall deem it one of its main objects to support 
 tfte preaching of the gospel and to aid in any other practicable way in spread- 
 ing the knowledge of it among men." 
 
 These statements are clear and simple and may be accepted without ques- 
 tion by any believer in our Lord Jesus Christ, 
 
 The third article of the constitution affirms that this society adopts as the basis 
 of its religious faith the Winchester profession of belief accepted by the general 
 convention of Universalists. 
 
 The officers of the society consist of a moderator, clerk, treasurer, and at pres- 
 ent a board of six trustees. The business matters of this church are under 
 the control and management of the society or of its board of trustees. They meet 
 all obligations and expenses, provide the minister to occupy its pulpit, and have 
 the care of the grounds and buildings. The whole number of members at present 
 is represented by two hundred families. 
 
 The church was organized in 1857 by Rev. Otis A. Skinner, then president 
 of Lombard college, assisted by Dr. J. V. N. Standish, at whose suggestion this 
 step was taken. Its officers are a moderator, the pastor by a constitutional pro- 
 vision always holding that office, a clerk, and deacons. The first clerk of the 
 church was Dr. J. V. N. Standish, who held the office until 1897, a period of 
 more than forty years. 
 
 At its inception, the profession of faith of the church was brief, consisting 
 only of the declaration, "We believe in the scriptures of the Old and New Testa- 
 ments, claiming for ourselves and according to others the right to interpret them 
 in the fear of God, and according to the light which He has given us ; and we adopt 
 the written word of our Lord and His apostles as our standard of faith and sys- 
 
HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY ;, 707 
 
 tern of discipline, and as revealing the great truth of the final reconcilation of all 
 things to God, so that He at last shall be all in all." 
 
 This church was first known as an association, but in 1869 it took the name 
 of First Universalist church of Galesburg, Illinois, and at the same time adopted 
 as its creed the Winchester profession of belief. The secular affairs of the church 
 are managed entirely by the society, but its members "consider the church or- 
 ganization the best means of conserving and carrying forward the great interests 
 of religion." 
 
 The members at its organization numbered forty-two. Among those earliest 
 members were Samuel Dow, Rev. J. P. Fuller, A. S. Devendorf, J. V. N. Stan- 
 dish, Rev. L. J. Carney, Lorenzo Chapin, W. H. Pettee, Wm. Livingston, Jesse 
 Beals, Mrs. Samuel Dow, Mrs. E. S. Jordon, Mrs. Jesse Beals, L. E. Conger, 
 Uriah Conger and wife, Mrs. L. E. Conger, Mrs. J. L. Qay, O. A. Skinner, 
 Francis Pryne and wife, S. W, Brown, Mrs. Fielding Miles, Joseph Williams, 
 Mrs. Seba Williams, Mrs. W. D. Look, all of them earnest men and women and 
 devoted to the church of their choice. Two are still living. Dr. J. V. N. Standish 
 of Galesburg and Mrs. Pryne who lives with her two daughters, Josephine and 
 Effie, at Waseca, Minnesota. 
 
 The ministers who have been called to preside over this people have been men 
 of talent and power. We find among them the gifted orator, the keen theologian, 
 the cultured scholar, the fine writer and deep thinker. 
 
 The first pastor was Rev. William S. Ballou whose term of service was about 
 two years. - -:/' 
 
 Rev. Otis A. Skinner officiated as pastor from the fall of 1857 to 1859 and 
 was the first pastor of both society and church. 
 
 The next pastor. Rev. A. G. Hibbard, came to us from the Congregationalists 
 and remained also two years. 
 
 Rev. H. Slade succeeded him and under his administration the second church 
 building was erected, the congregation previous to that time using at first 
 the old Liberal institute until it was burned in 1855. For a short time thereafter 
 the Swedish Lutheran church was used for Sabbath worship when the society in 
 the fall of 1855 bought a small church belonging to the Second Presbyterian 
 church. This building stood on South street, but was moved to Tompkins street 
 to the block east^of Kellogg street. A subscription book was opened for the pur- 
 pose of raising funds to build the new church in January, 1863, and the building 
 was dedicated in January, 1864, Rev. H. R. Nye, D. D., preaching the dedicatory 
 sermon. The church was prosperous under Mr. Slade's ministration and its 
 people were happy. Rev. William S. Balch succeeded Mr. Slade as pastor in 
 1865, and served the church for five years. 
 
 Rev. W. G. Haskell's pastorate was brief, covering the year from 1870 to 1871 
 only. . v^J :r 
 
 Rev. S. A. Gardner followed Mr. Haskell and was the pastor for a period of 
 four years to be succeeded by Rev. Geo. S. Weaver, two years, then Rev. Charles 
 W. Tomlinson, three years. Rev. Stephen Crane, three years, and then Rev. 
 Edwin J. Chaffee, two years. Rev. George B. Stocking became pastor of the 
 Galesburg church in 1894. At this time it had become evident that the congre- 
 gation must again enter upon the work of erecting another edifice, and the can- 
 
708 ^ - : ; HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY 
 
 vass for funds to do this was begun with enthusiasm. In May, 1894, a farewell 
 service was held in the old church and from that date the services were held in 
 the circuit court room until the new building was completed. At this service Dr. 
 Standish read the historical sketch. I quote from this address. "Old church, you 
 have witnessed many and varied scenes. From a small village, as it were, you 
 have seen a beautiful city grow up about you. You have seen halls of learning 
 and courts of justice spring into existence right before you. * * * You have 
 seen those that loved you dearly taken from you. You will never forget a San- 
 bom, a Knowles, a Conger, a Harrington, a Wester, a Livingstone and many 
 others that once trod these halls. Now the time has come when we must part. 
 We shall leave you without any regrets. * * * The times demand a change. 
 We must keep pace with the march of events. Old churches, old creeds and old 
 forms must stand aside. 
 
 "Our brethren of other churches are already in the field and a spirit of liberal- 
 ism is taking possession of them. In liberal Christian thought they are nearly 
 abreast of us and we must not delay but march on. Our creed and our religion 
 demand that we shall lead the van." 
 
 The entire cost of the bell, furnishings, lot and building of the old church ex- 
 ceeded $ii,ooo. The new building was dedicated on May 5, 1895, and the 
 services were impressive, the faces of all present showing the joy coming from 
 a good work accomplished. The closing exercise was the singing of a hymn, 
 written by Mrs. Julia A. Carney. The cost of the new building was $27,000 and 
 the pledges received at the dedication were sufficient to cover all indebtedness. 
 In the afternoon the pastors of the different churches of the city brought their 
 greetings to the Universalists and in the evening services were conducted by the 
 Young People's society. 
 
 Dr. Stocking continued to serve as pastor until 1902, and was succeeded by 
 Rev. Edson Reifsnider in June 1902, who served this congregation until he re- 
 signed to become dean of Ryder Divinity school at Lombard college in 1908. 
 Rev. Albert R. Fiske was called to be the pastor January, 1910, and is just en- 
 tering upon his third year of service for this parish with a church free from debt, 
 a united congregation and every promise of success for the future. 
 
 The pulpit of this church during the intervals between the pastorates has been 
 filled by leading men of the Universalist denomination. We find among them 
 Rev. Chas. P. West, Rev. P. R. Kendall, the first president of Lombard, Rev. 
 Josiah Davis, Rev. J. P. Fuller, Professor Wm. Livingston, Prof. J. C. Lee, Dr. 
 Nehemiah White, Dr. C. Ellwood Nash, and Dr. Lewis B. Fisher, the last three 
 while serving as presidents of Lombard college. 
 
 The first deacons of the church were Rev. J. P. Fuller, and Jesse Beals. In 
 1860, A. S. Devendorf was made deacon in. place of Mr. Beals. In 1863 S. D. 
 Colburn and C. Stevens were chosen. In July, 1864, Prof. I. A. Parker was 
 elected in Mr. Stevens' place and is still serving the church in this office, a period 
 of forty-eight years. Albert Webster was elected to the office of deacon in i88i 
 and served until his death in 1901, when Hiram Myers was chosen to fill this 
 vacancy. Rev. Edson Reifsnider is at present clerk of the church while the pas- 
 tor. Rev. Albert Fiske, is the moderator. The active membership of the church 
 at present is 275. . '^ ;-'>,>; v 
 
>;^ ;r HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY 709 
 
 The Sunday school was organized in 1855, Hon. Samuel W. Brown being 
 its first superintendent. Dr. Standish succeeded him in 1860, filling the office 
 for nearly twenty years. Others who have served the church in this capacity are 
 Otis Jones, Rev. Eben H. Chapin, William Mecorney, James W. Carney, Hon. 
 T. J. Hale, John W. Grubb, Mrs. C. E. Nash, Dr. E. N. Nash and Edson Reif- 
 snider. The present superintendent is J. S. Adams, and he is bringing the Sun- 
 day school up to a high standard. 
 
 A Young People's Christian union has been maintained by the young people 
 of the church and of the college and a Junior league has at times been a feature 
 of the work of the church. 
 
 The Ladies' Aid society has for many years been an active, efficient organiza- 
 tion and has been of great service in the work of the church. It was organized 
 in 1866, under the able direction of Mrs. Dr. Balch. This organization paid $i,- 
 500 to the building fund of the new church and since its completion has main- 
 tained an organist and choir for the church services, and helped to meet other 
 church expenses, the past year having raised for church expenses the sum of 
 $1,478. Mrs. Chas. A. Webster is now the president, Mrs. Edson Reifsnider, 
 secretary, and Mrs. Howard Knowles, treasurer. 
 
 Under the pastorate of Rev. Albert R. Fiske, the church has been open daily 
 for the service to those who might need its help. A very successful Girls club 
 was conducted in its parlors for some months, while in the office of the church 
 for two seasons an employment bureau has been maintained, and here the needy 
 have been helped by gifts of food, clothing, and temporary loans, and employment 
 for those out of work has been found free of cost to the applicant. 
 
 This is a step in the line of work which many churches are now seeking, 
 the keynote of which is service to others. The maintenance of the Girls club 
 has recently been undertaken by the civics department of Galesburg Woman's 
 club and will soon be recognized as one of the permanent institutions of Gales- 
 burg. A very successful Boys club was conducted in the church for some months, 
 and now it is expected that a parish house will be erected where not only the 
 Boys club but other kinds of social service may find a home. The Universalist 
 church leads in this kind of work in Galesburg. 
 
 A feature of church life for this parish under the pastorate of Mr. Fiske is 
 the church Bulletin which is issued monthly. It contains not only such announce- 
 ments as are of interest to the congregation, but a sermon which is adapted to 
 missionary work for the Universalist church. 
 
 For nearly sixty years this church has ministered to its people in this com- 
 munity, teaching the fatherhood of God and the brotherhood of all men and that 
 all souls will finally be harmonized with God. Its growth cannot be measured 
 by what appears in this history, but the influence it has had in spreading the prin- 
 ciples of this beautiful faith to all churches and all peoples in the communitv. 
 
710 HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY 
 
 Kr SEVENTH-DAY ADVENTISTS 
 
 ;- BY A. C. GAYLORD 
 
 The Seventh-Day Adventist denomination was developed by the great Ad- 
 vent movement which swept over the world from 1834 to 1844. This movement 
 stirred the world, as the message of the soon coming of Christ was proclaimed in 
 all the leading countries of the earth by men who, without a knowledge of one 
 another's work, went forth to sound the same message. 
 
 The basis of this proclamation was the prophetic periods of the eighth and 
 ninth chapters of Daniel and the fourteenth chapter of Revelation, the slogan 
 being, "The hour of His judgment is come." Thousands from all denominations 
 accepted the message and for a time believed in the soon coming of Christ ; but 
 not realizing the fulfilment of their hopes so soon as expected most of these aban- 
 doned their belief and returned to their former faith. 
 
 A few, however, still clung to the idea that there was a great truth in that 
 movement though but dimly comprehended at the time, and these searched the 
 word for further light on the prophecies, the proclamation of which had been at- 
 tended by such wonderful manifestations of divine power. ; 
 
 They soon discovered that the hour of His judgment is a brief though in- 
 definite period just preceding the second coming of Christ court week at 
 which time the cases of all are investigated before judgment is passed. That dur- 
 ing this time we are to look for the signs given in the Word of God as tokens of 
 the end, which they believe is near, but do not set any definite time for that event. 
 
 As they continued searching the word light was revealed on other points, 
 prominent among which was the fact that the seventh day of the week is still the 
 Sabbath as required by the fourth commandment of the law of God, and that in 
 the last days there is a special call to reform on this point and to return to the 
 Sabbath of the Bible. 
 
 These two truths the belief in the near advent of Christ and the seventh day 
 of the week as the Sabbath have given them the name of Seventh-day Advent- 
 ists. 
 
 The fundamental idea which has served as the actuating impulse and the cre- 
 ative principle of this movement is loyalty to the plain teachings of the Word 
 of God, rather than to tradition or creed. United with this is the recognition of the 
 fact that God gives light upon the scriptures for the proclamation of special truths 
 due to the world at any special time. 
 
 Thus, when the time came for the first advent of Christ, God raised up John 
 the Baptist, charged with a divine message based on the fulfilment of prophecy. 
 This forerunner of our Lord proclaimed to rulers, priests and people the truths 
 they needed to know in order to be ready to receive the Saviour. 
 Just so, as the great prophetic periods recorded in scripture had either come 
 to a close or were nearing fulfilment and the specific signs marking the last gen- 
 eration were appearing, the providence of God raised up the great second ad- 
 vent movement. This movement is proclaiming to the world the speedy second 
 coming of Christ in power and glory, and with special emphasis urging upon all 
 repentance toward God and faith toward our Lord Jesus Christ, and obedience to 
 His Word as a preparation for that event. >..;..,..-. . \ i : ., 
 
HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY /^ : -^ 711 
 
 Prominent among their points of doctrine are the following : ' 
 
 1. They believe in the deity, divinity, and pre-existence of Christ. 
 
 2. In salvation from sin through faith in the merits and atoning work of 
 Christ "righteousness by faith," the original Protestant doctrine; also that faith 
 without works (obedience) is dead. 
 
 3. In conversion or a new birth by the operation of the Spirit of God. 
 
 4. In the perpetual obligation to obey the law of God ^the ten command- 
 ments but this can be done only by grace, through faith. 
 
 5. That man is not by nature immortal, that eternal life is a gift of God 
 given only in Christ. 
 
 6. In a literal resurrection from the dead, and that rewards and punish- 
 ments are bestowed at the close of the judgment. ' ?: .' "- 
 
 7. That immersion is the scriptural mode of baptism. 
 
 8. In the separation of church and state and in granting to every man 
 freedom to believe or not to believe, to worship or not to worship, according 
 to his own choice. They are especially active in opposing the efforts made to 
 enforce religion by law. 
 
 9. They believe in and practice temperance in the strictest sense, and are 
 putting forth earnest efforts in the temperance cause. They use no tea, coffee, 
 tobacco, nor alcoholic drinks. Vegetarianism is advocated and a large pro- 
 portion of the members practice it. 
 
 10. That the best method for the support of the gospel is that which God 
 has established, and have therefore adopted the tithing system for raising means 
 to carry forward their work. 
 
 11. That the divine commission to go into all the world and preach the 
 gospel to every creature is still in full force, and to this work Seventh-day 
 Adventists are devoting their means and their lives. 
 
 Seventh-day Adventists have not set aside or modified any of their first 
 principles of faith ; but as the Word is searched and new light revealed it is 
 accepted and added to what they already have. One truth never contradicts 
 another but only adds to and strengthens its meaning. 
 
 Seventh-day Adventists were not organized as a separate denomination till 
 i86i, when the rapid growth of the movement made such a step necessary. 
 
 It was first suggested in 1859 that each state hold an annual meeting in 
 which careful planning of the work should be made. This suggestion really 
 looked forward to the formation of state conference organizations. 
 
 During the summer of 1860, the subject was discussed at length in their 
 paper. The Advent Review and Sabbath Herald, and in a general meeting of 
 representatives from different states held in Battle Creek, Michigan, October, 
 1860, there was a candid consideration of the subject and a full and free dis- 
 cussion of legal organization which was gradually perfected. 
 
 In October, i86i, the Michigan conference was organized by the election of 
 a chairman, a secretary, and an executive committee of three. By vote of the 
 conference, it was recommended that the believers enter into church organiza- 
 tion adopting the following as a church covenant: 
 
 "We, the undersigned, hereby associate ourselves together as a church, taking 
 the name Seventh-day Adventists, covenanting to keep the commandments of 
 God and the faith of Jesus." ... .- .- 
 
712 HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY 
 
 At this conference it was first decided that credentials should be granted 
 to all Seventh-day Adventist ministers in this state who were in good standing 
 and that ministers should carry papers consisting of a certificate of ordination 
 and credentials signed by the chairman and clerk of the conference, which 
 credentials should be renewed annually. 
 
 In the month of September, 1862, the Michigan conference held its first ses- 
 sion in Monterey, Mich. 
 
 Here, for the first time, was presented the idea of receiving churches into 
 conferences, as members were voted into churches. As seventeen churches in 
 the state had already been organized, these were, by vote, taken into the con- 
 ference and all members of these churches, who were present, were accepted 
 as delegates. 
 
 It was at this conference too that the plan was adopted of paying minis- 
 ters a certain sum per week for services rendered. This plan of organization 
 was unanimously adopted by the other states, and in May, 1863, the general 
 conference held its first session in Battle Creek, Mich. May 2ist a constitution 
 was adopted by the general conference and on the same day a constitution was 
 recommended to the state conferences which was soon adopted. 
 
 Thus, step by step, as necessity required, order was established in the work. 
 The same principles adopted in the organization up to 1864 were incorporated 
 into the work as it enlarged and extended to other countries and nationalities. 
 
 As the movement advanced, the following general organizations were formed, 
 the officers of which were elected at the regular sessions of the general con- 
 ference : 
 
 The General Conference association a legal body of twenty-one members 
 to hold the title to the property of the various institutions in America and 
 ether countries. ^v.-' v-::; >;.-,-,,: 
 
 The Foreign Mission board to superintend and extend mission work out- 
 side of organized conferences. 
 
 The International Tract society whose province was the distribution of 
 reading matter and correspondence, seeking to open up new missions. 
 
 The Religious Liberty Association its special field being to aid those per- 
 secuted for conscience sake and to circulate literature on the principles of religious 
 liberty. 
 
 The International Sabbath-school Association the object of which was the 
 building up and advancement of the Sabbath-school work in all fields. 
 
 The Medical Missionary and Benevolent Association its work relating to 
 the training of physicians and nurses, the conducting of sanitariums, homes for 
 orphans, the aged, etc. 
 
 The Young People's Missionary Volunteer society the purpose of which 
 is to foster the missionary spirit among the young people of the denomination. 
 
 In the Seventh-day Adventist denomination just as the members are united 
 in a local church so the local churches are united in local conferences and the 
 local conferences are united in a union conference, consisting of from three to 
 five local conferences; and the union conferences form the general conference. 
 
 The General Conference acts only in an advisory way in organized fields 
 but has direct supervision in unorganized territories, mainly now in heathen 
 lands. ^.. 
 
; V HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY : 713 
 
 The statistical report of 1910 shows a membership of 104,562, with io6 
 organized conferences, 2,769 church buildings, 74 sanitariums located in dif- 
 ferent parts of the world devoted to the treatment of the sick and to promote 
 the principles of health and temperance, believing that the true gospel has 
 healing for the body as well as for the soul. In these sanitariums there are 
 employed about 2,000 skilled physicians, surgeons and nurses, who treat their 
 patients without drugs and endeavor to correct improper habits of living and to 
 bring them in harmony with nature's laws. 
 
 In these institutions are utilized all the established remedial measures includ- 
 ing scientific hydrotherapy, massage and Swedish movements, electrical treat- 
 ments, sensible dietetics, regulated physical culture, and modern surgery. The 
 assets of these institutions are over $3,368,000. . -; ' 
 
 Aside from the sanitarium work for the benefit of mankind, the denomina- 
 tion is carrying on a complete system of education which combines the training 
 of head, hand and heart, believing that the only true education is a three-fold 
 development. They have 86 colleges and academies and 594 primary schools, 
 with an enrollment of 20,526 ; assets of over $2,000,000. 
 
 Another important feature is the publishing work. They have twenty-eight 
 publishing houses devoted exclusively to the publication of Christian literature, 
 which is issued in 67 languages in the form of 363 bound books, 315 pamphlets, 
 12,000 tracts, 126 periodicals. This literature is circulated in all parts of the 
 world. 
 
 Seventh-day Adventists are a missionary people and are working on the 
 basis of "The gospelto all the world in this generation,'' believing that when 
 this is accomplished the end will come as stated by Christ in Matt. 24:14. 
 
 They are now contributing over $2,000,000 annually for evangelistic work. 
 The per capita for 1910 was $21.27. The per capita for foreign missions from 
 communicants in the United States for 1910 was $6.58, and for the world $5.44. 
 The Sabbath schools are contributing over $2,000 a week for foreign missions. 
 
 Of the 57 countries in which missions are sustained by the Protestant mis- 
 sionary societies, throughout the world. Seventh-day Adventists have entered 47. 
 They have also entered a large number of countries not entered by any other 
 Protestant society ; so they are now carrying on missionary work in more than 
 70 countries. .,.;.:....;; V 
 
 The following statistical report speaks for itself regarding the growth of the 
 movement : 
 
 Confer- Insti- :''->:';-'-:'=. Annual Per Cent Per 
 
 Year, ences. tutions. Value. Members Contributions, of Gain. Capita. 
 
 1865 7 I $ 38,712.53 4,000 $ 12,000.00 $ 3.00 
 
 1875 13 5 282,179.55 8,022 39,618.62 219.15 4.94 
 
 1885 28 II 885,382.97 20,547 167,540.43 322.87 8.1 1 
 
 1895 36 29 2,858.725.82 47,680 419,801.65 150.58 8.80 
 1905 80 126 4,799,419.51 87,311 1,180,917.64 181.31 13.52 
 1910 io6 i88 10,633,266.71 104,526 2.223,767.52 88.31 21.27 
 
 Notice that the last figures are for five years, instead of ten. 
 
 The church of this faith in Galesburg was organized in 1897 in American 
 Hall on East Main street, with a charter membership of i6. The first Seventh- 
 day Adventists in Galesburg were Charles Newberry and wife, of Monmouth 
 boulevard, they having come here from Michigan in the early eighties. 
 
'714 '; HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY 
 
 - The first sermon preached in Galesburg by a Seventh-day Adventist minister 
 
 ' was by Pastor L. D. Santee in 1895, in a tent erected for that purpose at the 
 
 . corner of Allen's avenue and Main street, where he, assisted by Pastor W. D. 
 
 Curtis, conducted evangelistic services for a number of weeks. All but three 
 
 or four of the charter members of this church were converted to the faith in 
 
 . this city. They continued to meet in American Hall to the year 1903, when 
 
 -' they purchased a lot on Elaine avenue and erected a small church building at 
 
 V a cost of $2,500. This building was dedicated in March, 1904. 
 
 In the fifteen years since the organization of this church, two hundred and 
 
 ' ' fifty members have enrolled. Of this number, five have gone out as missionaries 
 
 . to foreign countries: one to Africa, two to Australia, and two to Honolulu. 
 
 Mr. and Mrs. Ames, for several years members of this church, went to Mountain 
 
 , Grove, Missouri, and established an orphanage, where they are caring for and 
 
 educating more than twenty orphans. Another member, Mr. Corbally, went out 
 
 from here into the ministry, and has raised up a large number of churches in 
 
 ^' the west. This company also furnished the funds which established a mission 
 
 at Bulawayo, South Africa. 
 
 The church in this city has never had a regular pastor, but services are 
 
 . carried on regularly each week by the lay members, under the direction of a 
 
 leader or elder chosen from the membership. The late James M. Osbom served 
 
 ../ the church in this capacity for the past seven years, up to the time of his death, 
 
 which occurred January 3, 1912. 
 
 ' During the fifteen years this church has existed, they have contributed 
 
 , $16,350 for evangelistic work, aside from building their church and sus- 
 taining the local work. They are also putting forth earnest effort in this city 
 to encourage the study of the Bible, and to hold up Christ as the only Redeemer 
 : and Saviour of men. - -\' ;,;.: ; I 
 
 The church in Galesburg is the only one of this denomination in Knox 
 .county. .. ,.:,..;-.. I .. . 
 
 , ' . . Yours Respectfully, ;"- 
 
 ';,. : \, A. C. GAYLORD. / 
 
 A BRIEF HISTORY OF THE REORGANIZED CHURCH OF JESUS 
 CHRIST, OF LATTER DAY SAINTS, AND OF ITS RISE AND - 
 :/:.<,; GROWTH IN KNOX COUNTY, ILLINOIS. , | ,- ; v 
 
 ^ I have carefully read the following article, and it meets my approval. The 
 facts pertaining to the general history of the church are correct. 1 , ' '' 
 . r-:vir; ^ . HEMAN C. SMITH, 
 
 ,-. /V. ; . General Historian of the Reorganised Church 
 
 ' of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints. 
 
 Since the history of no people is complete without it take into account the 
 religious principles that have governed in the lives of its citizens; and since 
 there have been in the past, and are now, those citizens dwelling within Knox 
 county who adhere to the doctrine of the Reorganized Church of Jesus Christ, 
 of Latter Day Saints, we, briefiy as may be possible, endeavor to set forth what 
 
'-"' HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY ; ::v 715 
 
 those principles are; what the source of inspiration claimed by its founders; 
 and to chronicle some of the more important events in the lives of its leaders. 
 
 We have gathered our information from the accredited standard records of 
 this church, and have received the approval and sanction of the general church 
 historian, Heman C. Smith, of Lamoni, Iowa. Therefore, we submit the article 
 as authentic. 
 
 Joseph Smith, the man whose name is most familiar in connection with what 
 the world is pleased to call "Mormonism," was born in the town of Sharon, 
 Vermont, December 23rd, 1805, 
 
 When but ten years of age, his father moved his family to Palmyra, New 
 York, and four years later to Manchester, a town in the same county. While 
 living at this latter place, Joseph Smith says "there obtained an unusual excite- 
 ment on the subject of religion. It commenced with the Methodists, but soon 
 became general among all the sects in that region of country ; indeed, multitudes 
 united themselves to the different religious parties, which created no small stir 
 and division amongst the people, some crying, 'lo, here !' and some, 'lo, there !' " 
 
 Joseph Smith's family were not unaffected by all this excitement. But his 
 mother, sister, and two brothers joined the Presbyterian church. Joseph, him- 
 self, thought seriously upon these matters and became inclined to unite with the 
 Methodist church. 
 
 But the conflict between the various claimants as to which was the right 
 :': church was so great that he grew uncertain in mind and knew not whom to 
 believe nor what to do. Often he said to himself, "If any of these are right, 
 how shall I know it?" 
 
 It was at this juncture that he was reading his Bible, one day, and came 
 to the book of James. He read the 5th verse of the ist chapter. "If any man 
 lack wisdom, let him ask of God who giveth to all men liberally and upbraideth 
 not; and it shall be given him." Thrilled with a strange and new sense of 
 the significance of the statement, and of its application to his present need, he 
 determined to put the matter to the test, and sought God for counsel. 
 
 Going apart to a secluded spot in the woods, he knelt in prayer, and poured 
 
 forth his desires to God. At first, thick darkness seemed to envelop him. This 
 
 was followed by the appearance of a pillar of light which descended from the 
 
 Heavens, and the messenger of the Almighty answered his petition. He was 
 
 instructed to join none of these "sects," for their creeds were an abomination 
 
 ., in the sight of God. To quote, the Voice said, "They draw near to me with 
 
 >; their lips, but their hearts are far from me ; and they teach for doctrine the 
 
 .{: commandments of men, having a form of godliness but they deny the power 
 
 >:^I thereof." . ; : ;' 
 
 When he related this remarkable experience to some of the preachers of the 
 neighborhood, his story was greeted with contempt and unbelief. But, notwith- 
 standing this, it excited the most bitter persecution, which grew and multiplied 
 as the days went by. 
 
 But Joseph Smith was deeply impressed with the vision, and ceased not to 
 bear testimony to the knowledge received. He continued in the common avo- 
 cations of life for the next few years, until September 2ist, 1823, when there 
 was another visitation from the messenger of God. After describing the per- 
 sonal appearance of his heavenly visitor, Joseph Smith relat';s the occurrence 
 
"/. 716 ^ : HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY 
 
 ; thus: "He called me by name, and said unto me that he was a messenger sent 
 
 from the presence of God to me, and that his name was Nephi. That God had 
 
 , ' a work for me to do, and that my name should be had for good and evil, among 
 
 :' all nations, kindreds, and tongues; or that it should be both good and evil 
 
 -; spoken of among all people. He said that there was a book deposited, written 
 
 upon gold plates, giving an account of the former inhabitants of this continent, 
 
 and the source from whence they sprang. He also said that the fulness of 
 
 . the everlasting gospel was contained in it, as delivered by the Savior to the 
 
 ; ancient inhabitants. Also that there were two stones, in silver bows, and these 
 
 stones fastened to a breastplate constituted what is called the Urim and Thum- 
 
 ~ mim, and the possession and use of these stones was what constituted seers in 
 
 ancient or former times, and that God had prepared them for the purpose of 
 ^ ':V translating the book. * * * " 
 
 . , ' Much more instruction was given, and the place where the plates were 
 
 deposited was so plainly shown, in the vision, that he had no trouble to go 
 directly to the spot the next day. The entire vision was repeated three times, 
 successively. 
 
 The day following this remarkable experience, he went to the place shown 
 
 ' him in the vision and found the plates with the Urim and Thummim exactly as 
 . stated by the messenger. He was not permitted to come into possession of them, 
 
 however, for four years, or until September 22, 1827, when the work of translat- 
 ing the book began. The work of translation occupied the greater part of the 
 next two years so that the first edition was not issued until 1830. In this work, 
 
 V.j he was greatly assisted by Oliver Cowdery, who acted as scribe, and by Martin 
 Harris, who assisted with his means. These two, together with David Whitmer, 
 
 , who also aided them, were permitted to examine and bear witness to the divinity 
 
 of the plates, and the angelic ministration which accompanied their delivery and 
 
 ' translation. Their testimony, which remained unretracted and unshaken to the 
 
 end of their lives, was as follows: ,^,. .. I - - '.v 
 
 "Be it known unto all nations, kindreds, tongues, and people, unto whom this 
 
 : work shall come, that we through the grace of God, the Father, and our Lord 
 
 : Jesus Christ, have seen the plates which contain this record, which is a record of 
 
 - the people of Nephi ; and also of the Lamanites, their brethren ; and also of the 
 
 people of Jared, who came from the tower of which hath been spoken; and we 
 
 . : also know that they have been translated by the gift and power of God, for his 
 
 .. voice hath declared it unto us; wherefore we know of a surety that the work is 
 
 ..:/ true. And we also testify that we have seen the engravings which are upon the 
 plates; and they have been shown unto us by the power of God and not of man. 
 And we declare with words of soberness, that an angel of God came down from 
 heaven and brought and laid before our eyes, that we beheld and saw the plates 
 and the engravings thereon ; and we know that it is by the grace of God, the 
 Father, and our Lord Jesus Christ, that we beheld and bear record that these 
 
 . ' things are true ; and it is marvelous in our eyes, nevertheless, the voice of the 
 Lord commanded us that we should bear record of it ; wherefore, to be obedient 
 unto the commandments of God we bear testimony of these things. And we 
 
 : know that if we are faithful in Christ, we shall rid our garments of the blood of 
 all men, and be found spotless before the judgment seat of Christ, and shall 
 
"V HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY ;'- ^ :.: 717 
 
 dwell with him eternally in the heavens. And the honor be to the Father, and to 
 the Son, and to the Holy Ghost, which is one God. Amen." 
 
 .;,..;' (Signed) OLIVER COWDERY, 
 
 vv.;v,.-/^7 ;:.; ;.- V .,, T--;''.'>v- DAVID WHITMER, 
 
 MARTIN HARRIS. 
 
 -' ^. ,-- 
 
 'The Book of Mormon is the record of God's dealings with the inhabitants of 
 the American continent, of the ministry of their priests, and the teachings of 
 their prophets, of the reign of their kings, and the rulers of the land. It covers 
 historically twenty-six centuries, from the dispersion from Babel, 2200 B. C., to 
 the hiding of the records, about 400 A. D. 
 
 The book derives its name from the compiler. Mormon, a Nephite prophet 
 and general, who prepared metallic plates, by the instruction of the Lord, and en- 
 graved thereon the abridged history of the Nephite and Lamanite nations. 
 T While the translation of the Book of Mormon was being carried on, from 
 1827 to 1830, another equally important, if not a greater work, was being insti- 
 tuted; and that was the establishment of the Church of Jesus Christ upon the 
 earth. The everlasting Gospel was once again taught among men, in fulfillment 
 of the prophecy uttered by John, the Revelator, upon the Isle of Patmos, recorded 
 in Rev. 14 :6. The angel had come ; the gospel was preached. 
 
 The Church of Jesus Christ was formally organized, agreeable to the laws 
 of the land, April 6, 1830, at Fayette, Seneca county. New York. 
 
 Making claim to a restoration and not a reformation of the gospel, the or- 
 ganization included the same officers as were mentioned in the "apostolic" church 
 of New Testament history, namely apostles, prophets, pastors, teachers, evan- 
 gelists, elders, priests, deacons, bishops, etc. 
 
 The faith and doctrine included, 
 
 (ist) Faith in God and in the Lord Jesus Christ, Heb. ii:6; i Pet. 1:21; 
 I Tim. I :io; John 3:16; Mark ii :22. 
 
 (2nd) Repentance. (Ceasing to do evil and learning to do well.) Matt 
 '-3:2; Luke 13:8; Ezek. 18:30; Mark 1:5; Acts 2:38. 
 
 (3rd) Baptism, by immersion for the remission of sins. Matt. 3:13; Mark 
 -,1:4,5; Luke 3:3; John 3:5; Acts 2:38; 22:16; 2:41; 8:12, 37, 38. 
 
 (4th) Laying on of hands for the gift of the Holy Ghost, the ordination of 
 the ministry, the healing of the sick, and the blessing of children. Acts 8:17; 
 13:2, 3; Mark 16:17; Dent. 34:9; i Tim. 4:14; i Cor. 12:3, ., 
 
 (5th) Resurrection of the body; that the dead in Christ will rise first, and 
 the rest of the dead will not live again until the thousand years are expired. Job 
 19:25, 26; Dan. 12:2; I Cor. 15:42; i Thes. 4:16; Rev. 20: 6; Acts 17:31. 
 
 (6th) Eternal Judgment, which provides that men shall be judged, re- 
 warded, or punished, according to the degree of good or evil they shall have 
 done. Rev. 20:12; Eccle. 3:17; Matt. 16:27. 
 
 Further, the church believes that no man has the right to minister in the or- 
 dinances of the church, "except he be called of God as was Aaron" and authori- 
 tatively ordained to the office in which he occupies. ^ :'- 
 
 Relative to marriage, the church has always' taught that the law of God pro- 
 vides for but one companion in wedlock for either man or woman, except in 
 cases of death, or where the contract is broken by transgression. Upon this 
 
718 HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY 
 
 matter the Book of Mormon is very explicit, reading, "Wherefore, my brethren, 
 hear me and hearken to the word of the Lord, For there shall not any man 
 among you have save it be one wife, and concubines he shall have none. For, I, 
 the Lord God delighteth in the chastity of women. And whoredoms are an 
 abomination before me, saith the Lord of hosts." Jacob 2:6, 7. 
 
 Thus was the church organized in 1830, and such was the doctrine taught 
 then. - \- 
 
 Such is the organization, faith and doctrine held now by the re-organized 
 church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints which claims to be the successor to the 
 original church. 
 
 This claim has been sustained by the decision rendered by Judge L. S. Sher- 
 man of the Court of Common Pleas, Lake county, Ohio, in the "Kirtland Temple 
 Suit" ; and by Judge John F. Phillipps of the Circuit Court of the United States 
 for the western district of Missouri, western division, at Kansas City, Missouri, in 
 the celebrated "Temple Lot Case." 
 
 : . From the place of its organization at Fayette, New York, the main body of the 
 church moved westward, settling in Ohio, and there building a temple at Kirt- 
 land. This temple is standing today in a good state of preservation, and is visited 
 annually by sightseers from all over the world. From here, emigration carried 
 the greater number to Missouri where large numbers settled in Jackson county 
 with headquarters at Independence, near where Kansas City now stands. 
 
 The same spirit of persecution which had very early been manifested by those -, 
 who opposed the message and mission of Joseph Smith and his associates, f ol- :'' 
 lowed them here and was much increased by the fact that the Latter Day Saints, 
 without exception, were opposed to slavery. Without entering into the details 
 of those terrible times, when "might" seemed to make "right," we will only state 
 that during the winter of 1838-39, the saints were forcibly driven from their 
 homes and most of them compelled to leave the state. Large numbers crossed 
 the Mississippi river into Illinois and many found a temporary shelter with the 
 kind hearted people of Quincy. Among these were the families of Joseph and 
 Hyrum Smith. 
 
 Here, in April, Joseph Smith came, and in May, 1839, they moved on to 
 the little town of Commerce. This place was a village of some half dozen houses , 
 situated on the Mississippi river. The land was literally a swampy wilderness, 
 when purchased by the refugees. They were joined by others and the village 
 grew into a thriving town within the next few years. 
 
 On April 21, 1840, the name of Commerce was officially changed to Nauvoo. 
 Nauvoo became the headquarters of the church. The erection of another temple 
 was begun. , ''- :,v:'-.,.v-;^;.. ;:''-^ -;:..;>'.''.-.-' 
 
 But they were not allowed to dwell here in peace. Continued and unceasing 
 efforts were made to destroy the lives of the leaders ; they were repeatedly 
 charged with crimes of which they were never proven guilty. In the year 1844, 
 Joseph and Hyrum Smith, together with several others, were charged with 
 "riot." Fearing the violence of the mob spirit so prevalent, they crossed the 
 river into Iowa, where they were secure for the time being. But upon receiving 
 assurance from Governor Ford that they would be protected by the state militia, 
 they returned, went to Carthage, and gave themselves into custody. 
 
HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY :' 719 
 
 On June 27, 1844, the jail was surrounded by a mob of from 150 to 200 men 
 (the greater part of the guard had been withdrawn) and Joseph and Hyrum 
 Smith were shot and instantly killed. And as is ever the case, the blood of the 
 martyr but strengthens the cause for which he dies. 
 
 It seemed to have been generally conceded that young Joseph Smith, the son 
 of the slain president, should occupy his father's place, but he was only a lad of 
 12 years of age. What to do until he should reach an age to fit him for the 
 responsibility, was the grave question that confronted the church. In the pre- 
 ceding 14 years since the church was organized at Fayette, in New York, with but 
 six members, there had been a remarkable growth made. Despite all the fierce 
 opposition encountered, they now numbered between 150,000 and 200,000 mem- 
 bers. Only about 30,000 of these resided at or near Nauvoo. 
 
 In the decade that followed the death of the prophet and president of the 
 church, many would-be leaders arose. The members that were at Nauvoo, were 
 scattered in various directions, some going with one, some with another. They 
 were indeed as sheep without a shepherd. 
 
 A portion of these at Nauvoo followed Brigham Young and his associates 
 out across the western plains, and it is largely owing to the conduct of this 
 faction that the name of Latter Day Saint came to be regarded as synonymous 
 with evil. 
 
 But the major part of the church remained faithful to the original doctrine 
 and teachings of the prophet and waited for the time when God should raise 
 up faithful men to again unite them under one banner, and that, the unchange- 
 able message of the gospel, 
 leader. Since the year 1852, the church has been known as the Re-organized 
 
 Gradually this was accomplished. In April, 1860, Joseph Smith, son of 
 Joseph Smith, martyred, was formally accepted by the church as its prophet and 
 Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints. The reason is quite evident. 
 
 And from that date until this present writing, the church has made steady 
 progress in membership and in the esteem of all honorable men. 
 '. And now we come to the time when these people became identified with the 
 history of Knox county. 
 
 Prior to the year of 1860, there had moved into Knox county several families 
 who were members of the church in the days of Joseph and Hyrum Smith. 
 Among these was Zenos H. Gurley, a man very intimately associated with the 
 reorganization of the church ; one who was not only an active local preacher, but 
 who also labored for many years under general church conference appointment. 
 
 Through his efforts, together with those of others no less zealous, a flourish- 
 ing branch (congregation) of the church was soon built up and established at 
 Henderson and long known as the "Henderson Grove branch." To the original 
 number, many more names were added by conversions. During the year of 
 1870, a chapel was built and for many years was the gathering place for not 
 only the resident members, but the quarterly conferences were often held at this 
 place in the years that followed. ^: -iv - 
 
 Possessed of the "missionary spirit" to an unusual degree, the elders of the 
 Henderson Grove branch were very active in promulgating the doctrine of their 
 church and preached their faith in all the surrounding territory. Since they 
 
720 , HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY 
 
 went without hire, and their only reward was the joy . of sharing with others 
 the consolation of a "heaven-born" faith, we must credit them with sincerity, 
 at least. Laboring in the field, the shop, or at the bench during the day, they 
 would drive or walk for miles at night or on Sunday in order to preach in school- 
 house or church. Such efforts resulted in other branches being established. 
 
 At Abingdon, a branch existed for a number of years. They reported but 
 ten or eleven members in 1862, but the next year their report read "member- 
 ship over forty, with great interest manifested." 
 
 About this time, several families belonging to the church were residents of 
 Galesburg. And here, on November 15, 1863, was held a meeting, or council, 
 which was the beginning of the organization of the several branches in north- 
 west Illinois into what is now known as the "Kewanee district." 
 
 The following ministry from Knox county attended this meeting, and partici- 
 pated in its deliberations : Zenos H. Gurley, Edwin Stafford, Lorin Page, C. M. 
 Brown, Thos. Allen, W. A. Moore and Eli Atkinson. 
 
 At the beginning of the '7os and as a direct result of the labors of Elder M. 
 T. Short, there was a small branch established in the eastern part of the county 
 at Truro. 
 
 A similar effort was made at Victoria by other elders and resulted in the 
 work being rooted here in an organized branch composed of some twenty or 
 more members. - 
 
 At Viola, likewise, a small nucleus was organized. But all three of these 
 congregations made but an indifferent growth, and after an existence extending 
 over some twenty years, they ceased to live. The membership was largely scat- 
 tered ; some of them later being instrumental in establishing the church at Dahinda. 
 
 Long ago, death and removals had depleted the numbers at Abingdon, and 
 where there was once a growing congregation, there was no longer any branch. 
 
 But Henderson Grove branch lived and grew. They continued to send 
 representatives to the district conferences, and reported to the same until in 
 the early part of 1900. Then this congregation, like the others mentioned, was 
 affected by death and removals. The little chapel was sold, and the scattered 
 membership largely enrolled elsewhere. 
 
 But at no time since 1860, has there been a date when the Reorganized 
 Church of Jesus Christ has not been represented in Knox county by one or 
 more congregations. The last one to be organized and the only one now extant 
 within the county is the one at Dahinda, Illinois, known as the Dahinda branch. 
 
 In 1896, the saints living near Dahinda made an effort to build a chapel for 
 church services at that place. Helped along by favorable friends they succeeded 
 in doing this and the building was ready to occupy in May. It was not dedicated, 
 however, until in June, 1904, when Elder J. W. Wight, missionary-in-charge of 
 the Kewanee district, preached the dedicatory sermon at a session of the district 
 conference. 
 
 Beginning with but eleven names, this branch has made a steady growth, 
 and have added to the original number, by baptism, sixty-one names. Additions 
 by letter have swelled this number to over eighty, but death and removals have 
 decreased the list until today there is a membership of about sixty. Some of 
 these members are the descendants of the early-day Latter Day Saints, but a 
 
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720 HISTORY OF KXOX COUNTY 
 
 went without hire, and their only reward was the joy of sharing with others 
 the consolation of a "heavon-born" faith, we mtist credit them with sincerity, 
 at least. Laboring in the field, the shop, or at the bench during the day, they 
 would drive or walk for miles at night or on Sunday in order to preach in school- 
 house or church. Such efforts resulted in other branches being established. 
 
 At Abingdon, a branch existed for a number of years. They reported btit 
 ten or eleven members in 1862. but the next year their report read "member- 
 ship over forty, with great interest manifested. ' 
 
 Alx)ut this time, several families belonging to the church were residents of 
 Galesburg. And here, on November 15, 1863, was held a meeting, or council, 
 which was the beginning of the organization of the several branches in north- 
 west Illinois into what is now known as the "Kewanee district." 
 
 The following ministry from Knox county attended this meeting, and partici- 
 pated in its deliberations : Zenos H. Gurley, Edwin Stafford, Lorin Page. C. M. 
 Brown. Thos. Allen. \\'. A. Moore and EH Atkinson. 
 
 At the beginning of the '/os and as a direct result of the labors of Elder M. 
 T. Short, there was a small branch established in the eastern part of the county 
 at Truro. 
 
 A similar effort was made at \ ictoria by other elders and resulted in the 
 work being rooted here in an organized branch composed of some twenty or 
 more members. 
 
 At X'iola, likewise, a small nucleus was organized. But all three of these 
 congregations made but an indifferent growth, and after an existence extending 
 over some twenty years, they ceased to live. The membership was largely scat- 
 tered ; some of them later being instrumental in establishing the church at Dahinda. 
 
 Long ago, death and removals had depleted the numbers at Abingdon, and 
 where there was once a growing congregation, there was no longer any branch. 
 
 But Henderson Grove branch lived and grew. They continued to send 
 representatives to the district conferences, and reported to the same until in 
 the early part of 1900, Then this congregation, like the others mentioned, was 
 affected by death and removals. The little chapel was sold, and the scattered 
 membership largely enrolled elseuhere. 
 
 But at no time since 1860, has there been a date when the Reorganized 
 Church of Jesus Christ has not been represented in Knox county by one or 
 more congregations. The last one to be organized and the only one now extant 
 within the count\ is the one at Dahinda, Illinois, known as the Dahinda branch. 
 
 In 1896, the saints living near Dahinda made an effort to build a chapel for 
 church services at that i)lace. Helped along by favorable friends they succeeded 
 in doing this and the building was ready to occupy in May. It was not dedicated, 
 however, until in June, i<p4, when I-'lder J. \\'. Wight, missionary-in-charge of 
 the Kewanee district, preached the dedicatory sermon at a session of the district 
 conference. 
 
 r>eginning with but eleven names, this branch has made a steady growth; 
 and have added to the original numl)er, by baptism, sixty-one names. Additions 
 by letter have swelled this number to over eightv, but death and removals have 
 decreased the list until today there is a membershi]) of about sixtv. Some of 
 these members are the descendants of the early-day Latter Day Saints, but a 
 

 J X 
 
HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY -^ : 721 
 
 large number are those who have been converted and joined the church in recent 
 years. 
 
 There is a scattered membership residing at Galesburg, Victoria, Henderson 
 and elsewhere in the county, but only at Dahinda is there a local organization 
 with regularly appointed weekly services. The church here is in charge of the 
 local ministry. 
 
 Dahinda branch reports to, and is under the supervision of the Kewanee 
 district, and the district makes report to the general church conferences held 
 annually. 
 
 The official headquarters of the church, herein described are at Lamoni, Iowa. 
 From the publishing house located at this place, is issued the official paper of 
 the church, "The Saints Herald," together with various other publications, tracts, 
 books, etc. 
 
 The aged president and prophet of the Reorganized Church of Jesus Christ 
 of Latter Day Saints lived at Lamoni for many years until recently, when he 
 moved to Independence, Missouri, where he now resides. 
 
 The work of the ministry, or priesthood of the church, may be classed under 
 three general heads, namely, that of the pastoral, the missionary and the financial. 
 
 The pastoral or presiding line includes the work of the presidency, high 
 priests, elders, priests, teachers and Beacons. 
 
 Each local congregation is presided over by an elder, a priest, a teacher or a 
 deacon, sustained by the vote of the branch. 
 
 Each district is' presided over by a high priest, or an elder sustained by the 
 vote of the district. ' 
 
 The entire church is presided over by a president, assisted by two counsellors. 
 These are appointed by revelation, but are acknowledged or received by the voice 
 of the church. 
 
 The missionary line of the priesthood is composed of the twelve apostles, 
 the seventies of elders; also the high priests, elders and priests when laboring 
 in missionary work. The entire missionary work, that is presenting the gospel 
 to those who are not members of the church, is in charge of the twelve apostles. 
 The seventies are sent under their direction and report their labors direct to 
 them. 
 
 The finances of the church are in charge of a presiding bishop, assisted by 
 two counsellors, assisted by other bishops. The families of the ministry are 
 sustained from the church treasury, which is supplied by the tithes and offerings 
 paid in by the members. Each member contributes according as he has been 
 prospered, and each family receives according to their needs and requirements. 
 
 The books accepted by the church as containing the word of God are the 
 Bible, the book of Mormon, and the doctrine and covenants. 
 
 The Latter Day Saints believe in a God that never changes ; in a Gospel that 
 never changes, but is the same in all ages of the world, that obedience to the 
 same law will always produce the same effect, and hence the same "gifts and 
 blessings" accompany the obedient believer today as in former times. 
 
 They believe in a religion that will enable the individual to develop a char- 
 acter fit to associate with the Divine One. It must prepare man "to live," not 
 
 especially "to die." That death does not change character; it only changes en- 
 voi. I 4 
 
722 -' HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY I. . 
 
 vironment. Therefore, we believe that obedience to its principles will make men 
 better citizens of the town, county and state. 
 
 In conclusion, we say in the words of Jesus (John 7-17), "If any man will 
 do his will he shall know of the doctrine, whether it be of God or whether I 
 speak of myself." . , .. . , I- 
 
 ; ' .; MARY E. GILLIN, 
 
 : Secretary and Historian, Kewanee District. 
 
 ri^J^i . CHRISTIAN SCIENCE IN KNOX COUNTY 
 
 The Christian Science church was founded in 1879 by Mary Baker Eddy, 
 the discoverer of Christian Science and author of its text-book, "Science and 
 Health, with Key to the Scriptures." The church was organized "to commem- 
 orate the word and works of our Master, which should reinstate primitive Chris- 
 tianity and its lost element of healing" (Church Manual). In 1892 the church 
 was reorganized as The First Church of Christ, Scientist, known as The Mother 
 church, in Boston, Massachusetts. The present officers of The Mother church 
 are : President, Judge Clifford P. Smith ; clerk, John V. Dittemore ; treasurer, 
 Stephen A. Chase; directors, Archibald McLellan, Allison V. Stewart, Stephen 
 A. Chase, John V. Dittemore, Adam H. Dickey. , i 
 
 All Christian Science churches and societies, of which there are now 1,260 
 in the United States and 135 in foreign countries, are branches of The Mother 
 church. Lesson-sermons compiled from the Bible and "Science and Health, with 
 Key to the Scriptures" are read at the services in Christian Science churches. 
 There are about five thousand Christian Science practitioners regularly devoting 
 their time to the practice of Christian Science mind healing. 
 
 Mrs. Eddy founded The Christian Science Journal, Sentinel, Quarterly, Der 
 Herold der Christian Science and the Christian Science Monitor (a daily news- 
 paper), all of which are published by the Christian Science Publishing society 
 in Boston. 
 
 There is in connection with the Christian Science movement an official board 
 of lectureship designed to furnish the public correct information concerning the 
 fundamental teachings of Christian Science. Lectures given by members of 
 this board are free to the public. 
 
 There are in the state of Illinois ninety-two Christian Science churches and 
 societies. All of these churches hold public services and maintain free reading 
 rooms where the public may have access to all authorized publications on the 
 subject of Christian Science. 
 
 Christian Science was first introduced in Galesburg about 1886. Services 
 were held at the home of one of the Scientists, and the interest gradually in- 
 creased uritil the year 1909, when it seemed best to purchase a church home. 
 Accordingly the Hale property on the corner of South and Cedar streets was 
 purchased and the building remodeled into a large audience room, which ac- 
 commodates about two hundred. Services are held every Sunday morning at 
 lo 130 and Sunday school at 1 1 145. Wednesday evening testimonial meetings are 
 held at 8 o'clock. There is also a reading room in the building, which is open 
 
- HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY 723 
 
 daily except Sundays and legal holidays from 12:30 to 4 p. m. The public is 
 welcome to this reading room, and Christian Science literature may be read or 
 purchased there. 
 
 Three former residents of Knox county who are prominently identified with 
 the Christian Science movement are Alfred Farlow and Willis F. Gross of Bos- 
 ton and John H. Wheeler of Kansas City. 
 
 GEORGE SHAW COOK. 
 
 In nearly every township of this county there are a few members of this 
 church, but Galesburg, having the only branch church within the county, the out- 
 side members have to come to Galesburg when they attend church. Members 
 from Knoxville are often visitors at the church in Galesburg. Editor. 
 
 ^ ^ v^V ^ : :^ ' THE IRISH IN KNOX COUNTY 
 
 ;'; : BY MRS. LIZZIE MINEHAN, MARGARET SLATTERY AND ROSE HOBEN 
 
 Because of the fact that the story of Ireland's golden age is comparatively 
 unknown, and because of another fact, that the coming into the knowledge of 
 that age is a great source of pleasure to the Irish especially, we have woven 
 some of it into our work on the county, for which liberty we trust that our 
 readers will f>ardon us. 
 
 "To begin wid," Knox county bears the name of an Irishman. It has been 
 'A; ; estimated that one- fourth of the officers in the Revolutionary war were of Irish 
 birth or parentage. Among that number was General Henry Knox, the dis- 
 tinguished soldier, statesman and confidential friend of the great Washington. 
 In the naming of the many counties of the Military Tract it was planned to do 
 honor to the heroes of the revolution, and thus it came about that these twenty 
 townships of the fairest land in all Illinois have become a lasting monument to 
 the memory of Henry Knox. Stark, Sullivan and Wayne are the names of sis- 
 ter counties that in like manner give lasting testimony to the high per cent of 
 Irish blood that officered the American revolution, while we make but passing 
 ^' ;: reference here to the quantities of that blood which fired the veins of the rank 
 ;,r and file of the Colonial army. 
 
 You know then that the Irish were here early in colonial history and that 
 as an integral part of the growing population of the eastern states they drifted 
 westward on the tide of a pioneer people and with that people took root where 
 they lodged. You do not know, perhaps, just how the Irish came to be in and 
 of this country and why it was that they left their island home in such myriads 
 during certain decades ; the climax of emigration being reached in the unpre- 
 cedented exodus that took place during the third quarter of the nineteenth cen- 
 tury, when Knox county was making its most rapid growth. ;. 
 
 In order to make clear the causes of that outward movement, we will touch 
 upon some history known to but few except the most interested. 
 
 We introduce this historical sketch with a spotlight picture of the Irish na- 
 tion in that glorious and now almost forgotten period that lies between the con- 
 version of Ireland to Christianity by St. Patrick in the fifth century and its sub- 
 
-' v'724 : HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY 
 
 jugation by the English in the twelfth. This picture we have adapted from "Ire- 
 land's Story," by Johnson and Spencer. 
 
 This island was the most potent factor in the refinement of Europe and the 
 civilization of the world. The classics, the arts and the sciences flourished in 
 the Emerald isle when qamelopards and tigers bounded in the Roman amphi- 
 theater. These Irish apostles, Columba to Scotland and England, Columbanus 
 to the banks of the Rhine, in Switzerland and in Italy, Fursa to Belgium, Virgil 
 
 : to Austria, were among the missionaries who went in companies, taking with 
 them their books, those beautiful manuscripts for which Ireland is justly noted. 
 Excelling in religious and classical learning, they were also skilled in music, paint- 
 ing and carving. This enthusiasm for teaching flowed from a sincere and abun- 
 dant culture at home. The fame of her schools and universities went abroad 
 and students flocked to Ireland from all the neighboring countries, especially 
 from England, coming thence in fleet loads. From kings and nobles down to 
 the poorest students all were received, cared for and taught free of charge. 
 Where? In Ireland. St. Finian's school at Oonard had 3,000 pupils and the 
 ' school at Bangor had almost as many. Well might Ireland be called the bridge 
 over the dark ages. The Roman empire fell, swallowed up by the tide of north- 
 ern savages, Gaul was overrun by the Franks, Spain and Italy by the Lom- 
 bards, Britain by Angles, Saxons and Danes, Austria was swept by Asiatic 
 nomads, all Europe was submerged by a deluge of heathendom. Ireland was 
 the one exception, the ark of safety for the old wisdom and beauty of the 
 classical days. Ireland was the bridge over the dark ages, and as soon as the 
 flood of heathen invasion ebbed light and hope crossed the bridge and were car- 
 ried by Irish teachers and preachers to all the new formed countries of Eu- 
 rope. 
 
 ; . There are nearly sixteen million Americans here in the United States to-day 
 
 '-that can look back with pride upon this brilliant picture of old Ireland's golden 
 
 past, for to them as Irish-Americans it is a family possession. Many millions of 
 
 ' them, however, never take that backward look, because in so doing they must 
 
 , look across the broad and terrible gulf of bitter centuries that yawns between. 
 
 ;; The first Irish who came to the United States were the prisoners taken in 
 
 the Cromwellian wars. They were delivered to the English merchants, who sold 
 
 them as slaves to the planters of Virginia and the West Indies. In those black 
 
 days Cromwell paid $25 for the head of a wolf and $50 for the head of 
 
 v a patriot Irishman. '>::' ^- , : 
 
 You have heard of the blue laws of Connecticut. For two hundred years 
 
 - . they have been obsolete, a joke, a standard space filler, used by the compilers 
 
 of almanacs. Have you heard of the penal laws? Far from being a joke, they 
 were in force from the days of William and Mary down through two centuries 
 and up to the days of our own fathers, when the history of Knox county begins. 
 , These laws lie back of Irish emigration, for they were the means of converting 
 into utter misery the lives of the happiest natured people on earth. They ob- 
 literated even the footprints of learning and education and by strangling to an 
 early death every native trade and industry, these same laws converted into a 
 barren, neglected waste the fertile and entrancingly beautiful island home of 
 the Irish race. 
 
 The penal laws were directed chiefly at the Catholic population, but caused 
 
' ' HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY :- 725 
 
 just as much suffering among the Presbyterians of the north and the other non- 
 conformists to the English church. Each law struck a two-edged blow, first at 
 the ancient religion of the Irish, second at his ancient thirst for education. "Cath- 
 olics were strictly forbidden to teach either in private or in public, and parents 
 were forbidden to send their children out of Ireland to be educated. This meant 
 absolute lack of education for Catholics. The eldest son of a Catholic land- 
 owner, if he went over to the legal church, could straightway oust his father 
 and take all his possessions. No Catholic could buy land or lease it for a long 
 term. He could not inherit an estate under a will. No renter could make a 
 profit greater than one-third of the rent. Of course he could not sit in parlia- 
 ment. He could not hold civil or military office. Besides this tithes had to be 
 paid to the Anglican clergy, who collected them rigorously. Catholic and Protes- 
 tant suffered alike." Finally the English parliament passed an act in 1699 P''^' 
 hibiting trade relations between Ireland and all external ports, thus deliber- 
 ately killing that which had been the subsistence of the masses. Ireland's best 
 single commodity was wool. Like the Irish linen of to-day, Irish wool was then 
 famed all over Europe, finding a large market and bringing high prices. The 
 English merchants, fearing the competition, demanded its complete destruction. 
 Nothing was left the Irish but starvation or immigration. Great numbers of 
 the Presbyterians and non-conformists left at once and found their way to New 
 England, where they straightway gave great impetus to the weaving industries 
 that have since made New England rich as well as famous. ' 
 
 Jonathan Swift, Protestant, a noted writer and dean of St. Patrick's, Dublin, 
 who has left us full accounts of the distress of the times, tells us that the pov- 
 erty and misery caused by the destruction of all these trades brought famine and 
 pestilence in their wake. 
 
 During the eighteenth century the peasantry of Ireland, the most wretched 
 in all Europe, were reduced to a state of misery, from which they have not fully 
 recovered to-day. In considering this legislation it must be borne in mind that a 
 similar state of affairs existed in other lands at the same time. Only in Ire- 
 land, however, did a small minority try to suppress the religion of a whole na- 
 tion on whose confiscated land they lived and whose revenues they enjoyed. 
 
 What stamps the Irish penal laws as particularly infamous is that they rep- 
 resented not only religious bigotry, oppression and cruelty, all three common 
 enough in those days, but also a broken promise, a violation of the solemn prom- 
 ises of the treaty of Limerick. Under the provisions of that treaty the Irish 
 leaders had consented to end the war and dismissed the army of relief which 
 had already reached Limerick from France. 
 
 Relief came from an unexpected quarter. Across the open Atlantic to the 
 westward providence flung wide the doors to the English colonies of the new 
 world and there a young people might work out its destiny and at the same 
 time ward off outside interference. Into that colonial life the Irish entered 
 heart and soul, and when the war for independence gathered and broke there 
 were minute men and Green Mountain boys in plenty whose speech was tinctured 
 with the brogue, who exercised especial zeal in the prompt and efficient deliv- 
 ery of powder and ball to the red-coated ranks of England. That the Irish 
 in America, like the Irish elsewhere, have been a military people goes without 
 saying. From Major Mollie Pitcher on the plains of Monmouth to Bucky 
 
;/ 726 HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY 
 
 O'Neil at Santiago, from Andrew Jackson at New Orleans to Phil Sheridan of 
 
 Shenandoah fame, the Irish have been on the firing line. 
 
 Some one has said "that an Irishman may get on the wrong side of the fight, 
 but one thing is certain, he will never get on the fence." 
 
 ^ "It is a matter of simple truth in American history that the Kellys, Burks 
 
 and Sheas have been to the front in every generation. They were all in the 
 battle of Lexington, and the same names appear on the death list of the ill-fated 
 Maine." 
 
 Beginning with the prisoners of war exported to America in the days of 
 Cromwell and including the Presbyterian weavers who fled to these shores in the 
 seventeenth century, there were always fresh relays of Irish coming to the 
 ; colonies and later to the United States. These were rapidly absorbed, and in 
 a few decades became difficult of detection among the masses of the popula- 
 tion. In contrast with these there was the constant influx of the late arrivals, 
 
 simplest of the simple and greenest of the green apparently, but every one 
 equipped with a willing hand, a bright, observing eye and an unfailing sense of 
 humor a three-round ladder that leads to the top of any situation. 
 
 Before the famine of 1847 the population of Ireland was nearly nine million. 
 
 To-day it is less than half that total, having diminished every year in the last 
 
 : half century. No western country has ever suffered a calamity equal to that 
 
 of the black '47, and as to the events of that year and those immediately fol- 
 
 lowing it, question any graybearded Irishman of your acquaintance. 
 
 In the earliest county records we find the name of Michael Fraker, the first 
 
 -V settler not only in Lynn township, but the first in that entire portion of the 
 
 I '.county. Major Thomas McKee, hero of the first and second Black Hawk wars, 
 
 ' and Hon. Wm. McMurtry, lieutenant governor of Illinois in 1848, were pioneers 
 
 : 'of Irish extraction, the latter locating in Henderson township in 1829. 
 
 ' The descendants of Francis McDonough are to-day living upon the land 
 
 . just north of the limits of Galesburg that was given to Mr. McDonough by the 
 
 government for his services in the War of 1812. Mr. McDonough came here 
 
 ' from Kentucky in 1854 with the family of his daughter, Mrs. Michael Duflfy, to 
 
 ' .take possession of his allotment of the Military Tract. 
 
 At the village of St. Augustine in Indian Point township occurred in 1837 
 
 ; the first grouping of Irish settlers within the county. It has been said that the 
 
 > state of Illinois constituted an important link between the north and the south 
 
 . . in the stress of Civil war times, stretching its length for four hundred miles 
 
 ' across the very center of the nation. It lay open to two distinct lines of settle- 
 
 ^ - ment, namely, the Hudson river, Mohawk valley and Great Lakes route and the 
 
 ., Virginia, Maryland and Kentucky trail. Over the one came the Yankee, the 
 
 : York stater and the rawer emigrant from the old country; over the other came 
 
 the drawling tongued, slow moving, courteous southerner, and with him many a 
 
 pure blooded Irish family, identified for two or more centuries, perhaps, with 
 
 the American colonies of the southern seaboard. In Illinois these two streams 
 
 flowed rapidly together and became an important factor in cementing the Union. 
 
 To Knox county came Irish blood by both channels. The southerner came first. 
 
 . ' ' Up from Beardstown, Kentucky, in the late thirties came the founders of 
 
 . St. Augustine. They traveled on horseback and were headed by one Patrick 
 
 Clements, a man of wealth and related to the Spaulding family of Maryland. 
 
X: ;.. HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY 727 
 
 With him came Henry and Austin Matingly, William and Henderson Hogan, 
 Hamilton O'Man, Joseph, Marcellas and Lawrence McKeiman, John Gallet, 
 George Tippet, Thomas Livers and Patrick H. Smith. There were men of Eng- 
 lish and French extraction in this party, but as many of the names given are pure 
 Irish and most of the families seem to be related we give the entire roll. 
 
 These men established the Catholic church in St. Augustine, and became im- 
 portant owners of land in Fulton and Knox counties. As to their sterling and 
 kindly qualities, we have the interesting testimony of the venerable Mrs. Mary 
 Barber Roe, of Garfield avenue, Galesburg. Mrs. Roe is herself a native of 
 New York, and came to St. Augustine in 1841. Her mind is bright and active 
 at the advanced age of ninety-seven. Of the pioneers mentioned above, she 
 says, "I tell you those were good people. No matter what church the sick or 
 the needy belonged to, they would take them right in and care for them." 
 
 Robert Supple and John Kinella joined the colony in the late '4Os. 
 
 From Pennsylvania, by way of the Illinois river, came the families of Thomas 
 and Michael Dougherty, in 1854. They were soon followed by about fifteen 
 other families, among them were Patrick O'Pray, Edward, John and Barney 
 Larkins. 
 
 After the Northern Cross railroad was built, which soon became the Quincy 
 branch of the Burlington, the colony was greatly augmented. 
 
 The following with their families came in the '5os : Nicholas Crow, Thomas 
 and William Burke, James and John Fogerty, John Keams, Peter Mack, Lawrence 
 Clay and M. Condon. ^.- . '; 
 
 A group that formed almost immediately after the St. Augustine colony was 
 that of the Presbyterian Irish of Salem township. These sturdy pioneers came 
 from the counties of northern Ireland, and landed most of them at Philadelphia. 
 From 1839 to 1850, they were entering from the government small pieces of 
 land in the township where their descendants now own entensive tracts. 
 
 The Mathews, William and John, were emigrants from County Tyrone. The 
 late Robert G. Mathews was a son of John Mathews. For six years R. G. 
 Mathews served on the county board of supervisors and was chairman of that 
 board while the court house was being built. For a term of eighteen years he 
 served the county in the offices of sheriff and deputy sheriff alternately. In 
 that capacity also he rendered valuable service to the county. Charles H. 
 Mathews, father of Mrs. J. Grant Beadle, who at his death, in 1883, was rated 
 as the wealthiest man in Galesburg, was the son of another John Mathews, also 
 an emigrant from County Tyrone. 
 
 The Sloans, John and Solomon R., were emigrants from County Antrim 
 and County Derry respectively. The former is known as the Hon. John Sloan, 
 having served on the county board of supervisors from 1869 to 1878, after 
 which he was sent to the state legislature, where he served several terms as 
 democratic representative. His son, Hugh Sloan, has long been a prominent 
 member of the county board. 
 
 The McKeighans, Alexander and James, were emigrants from County Antrim. 
 Alexander H. McKeighan is a son of the former and for many years has been 
 proprietor and publisher of the Yates City Banner. 
 
 John Wasson was a native of County Fermaugh, and like the others of this 
 
V ^728 HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY ^ - 
 
 ,*-*' ^ '^. ' 
 
 '.group, became, during his long residence, in Salem, a man of wealth and in- ; -: 
 vv fluence. -. " 
 
 The office of W. S. Gale, in the year 1851-52, was a meeting place for the / . 
 directors of the Central Military Tract Railroad Co. These promoters, one 
 ' ^ Patrick Dunn among them, were using every means to attract the prospective ; 
 //::; railroad through Galesburg. Their gigantic efforts brought gigantic returns. . : 
 :; Their every hope was realized and some things unthought of as well, for at that ; 
 very time, as we have shown, events across the sea were loosing the unparalleled ;;'. 
 flood of immigration that swept into the land during the '5os and '6os. The heads ^. 
 : . of nearly every full blooded Irish family in the county came in by stage or along 
 
 tlie new laid rails of the "Q" during those two decades, first perhaps, as roister- ' ; 
 ;^ ing, high spirited lads plying the pick and shovel in the construction gangs that 
 : pushed the glistening steel into the waiting west, often as raw farm hands and .. ; 
 ' ; untrained house maids stepping from immigrant trains with scanty bundled be- 
 longings. A few years, and they came as better trained artisans, having been 
 ; ' apprenticed in the towns of Massachusetts and New York, where they had lingered 
 : for a short time before pushing west. . : 
 
 In Columbia county. New York, the Shaker settlements were flourishing in / 
 the '5OS. Many of the immigrants took the stage at Albany and obtained em- 
 ployment in and about Lebanon, The Tilden family of that place, as well as 
 : ; the Shakers, were large employers; and just over the line in Pittsfield, Massachu- 
 setts, Barker Brothers, manufacturers of drugs, added many other Irish to their - 
 .. ; pay roll. There, at Lebanon and at Pittsfield, many a lad and lassie from opposite 
 counties of Ireland met for the first time and either married outright or plighted 
 ' : their troth until they should lay up a little and meet again on the plains of 
 / , Illinois, for this stop in the Mohawk valley was merely to get their bearings and 
 . earn the price of a railroad ticket to the state where it was rumored the Gales, 
 : Moshers and Ferrises would pay higher wages and so open the door to larger 
 -; opportunities. 
 
 . , In Pittsfield was formed the clan of Redingtons, Hobins, Herleys, Careys, 
 
 - Hewitts, Magners, Mackeys, Browns, Franeys, O'Connells and Haleys. From 
 
 Lebanon came another group made up of the Nortons, Penderghasts, Maleys, 
 
 . ' Coffeys, Minihans, Milans, Shays, Nashes, O'Connors, Ryans, Hustons, Car- 
 
 ' modys, Flynns, Torticels, Slatterys; as Mrs. Margaret Nash Minihan puts it, 
 
 "We followed each other like the ducks." 
 
 Mr. John Slattery tells of early experience on the Tilden place. ;- .7.; 
 
 :' , Weeding all day under a blistering New York sun at raw seventeen was far 
 
 different from leading the life of an idle care- free boy under the caressing skies 
 
 of Limerick. Worn out by the sickening heat, he lay down to rest a moment 
 
 between the rows of herbs. He closed his eyes and opened them to behold H. A. 
 
 . Tilden himself peering down at him. The reddest kind of a blush poured up into 
 
 the boy's hair. At the same instant there flashed into his mind the possible 
 
 consequences of his breach of duty disgrace, no work, the dependent brothers 
 
 and sisters. "I I'm sick," he faltered. Mr. Tilden cried out "He's sunstruck," 
 
 lifted the astonished lad carefully to his feet, supported his agitated steps to 
 
 ^ ; the house and telling him not to try to talk made him comfortable on a couch. 
 
 ,; ; At sundown he was dismissed as being out of danger and as the shamefaced boy 
 
 "* 
 
' VJiVV^.V; HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY ' , , ,729 
 
 scuttled home to his father's cabin, he vowed a lasting devotion to his kind- 
 hearted employer. 
 
 When Samuel J. Tildeii was elected by the people to the presidency, in 1876, 
 and lost by one historic vote in the heated contest that followed, there was many 
 a democratic vote polled in Knox county that carried with it an extra measure of 
 good will, because of personal memories of Lebanon and the Tildens. 
 
 Many families came to Galesburg from the old country directly, such as the 
 Connertons and Keefes. Mr. Connerton used to twit his pious little wife with 
 having said to him fifty years ago when preparing for their wedding trip, "Tom, 
 I will go any place in the west with you and live on two meals a day if you will 
 settle near a church." "We lived next door to St. Patrick's church, first oa 
 one side and then on the other," said Mr. Connerton, "but all these forty-seven 
 years I have noted she likes her three square meals a day." The home of this 
 pioneer couple was rendered sacred to many a Galesburg family as the place 
 where "father and mother" were united in matrimony before the completion of 
 St. Patrick's church. 
 
 Most of those mentioned in the preceding groups made permanent homes in 
 Galesburg, while a high percentage took up land at the earliest opportunity and 
 became prominent and permanent farmers in their respective townships. 
 
 Henderson creek was a sizable prairie stream. Along its banks stretched 
 heavy patches of timber, and these miniature forests have become historic -in 
 Knox county as "Henderson Grove," or briefly, "the grove." (We are in- 
 debted to Mrs. Eliza Minehan, of Arthur avenue, and to the family of Mr. 
 Michael Huston for most of our data concerning the Grove colony.) 
 
 This timber land was obtainable by the early settlers in fifty acre tracts. The 
 price was low, but mountain high to the penniless. At the cost of heavy and 
 prolonged manual labor, any able bodied man might become a landlord. The 
 Milans, Boylstons, Minehans, Coffeys, Penderghasts, Shays, O'Briens, Powers, 
 Donahues, McGraths, Cofields and Slatterys here obtained their first square foot 
 of land and were well established as tillers of the soil at the outbreak of civil 
 war. In many cases two brothers would take up fifty acres between them, fell 
 the trees and grub out the stumps by their combined efforts. Fuel and building 
 material were to be had for the hacking and splitting. Log houses were quickly 
 rolled up and housekeeping began with the briefest of ceremony. One great 
 advantage of living in the Grove was the diversity of labor obtainable when the 
 farming season ended. Wood could be cut at fifty cents per cord and hauled to 
 Galesburg. Coal mines were being opened here and there along the creek, while 
 Brow's brick yard was rapidly converting timber clay into building material. 
 Blazed trails led from cabin to cabin and each new comer from Lebanon or far 
 off Ireland was given the heartiest of welcomes by each hearthstone where he 
 listened with open mouthed pleasure to the bombastic measures of "the praises of 
 Henderson Grove," as sung in the wailing cadences of a genuine Celtic "Come 
 All Ye." This poetic gem was composed by one Nicholas Lawrence, a roving 
 Irish wood chopper who sat himself down one day on a newly sawed log and 
 made himself the wonder of the community by the careless ease with which he 
 wrote off the rolling stanzes. .;-=,: 
 
730 HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY 
 
 THE PRAISES OF HENDERSON GROVE ..::'.'. 
 
 :- ,-;_. V ":';'-''' 1857 '^''' ''":'p;/'4^^^ 
 
 . V ; Air, Bundle and Go. 4 '/,-:^'&y:/;!'--^^ 
 
 '- . I 
 
 . .; I've traveled the states, and I've ranged them all over, 
 
 ; From Mexico's gulf to Canada's shore. 
 
 /:;:-.';'', I was in Nebraska, in Utah and Kansas, '/" '^^' .;>. 
 
 And across the ocean where billows do roll. ;i., ' '.; 
 
 ' . _. , I was in Alabama, likewise Louisiana, . ..'.;';: ./^r; 
 
 ^-V; :.:'v: And sweet Indiana I often did rove. '.,.-! ;-. 
 
 - : <v;.'.> But it is my declaration, in all this nation v. .. ' 
 
 -.;:' V; I saw no place equal to Henderson Grove. ; /I?. .^ . = 
 
 The Grove is the healthiest part of creation, ,.' -^ : 
 
 The loveliest place that a mortal can dwell; ' V 
 
 It would take some great poet of vast education !- 
 
 And deep appreciation, its praises to tell. 
 
 But had I this whole country, its mansions and houses, 
 
 I would rather live here in a simple alcove. 
 
 The fire of old Bacchus is here to arouse us ./.^ 
 
 Whenever we're drowsy in Henderson Grove. C' '; 
 
 ; The trees in the Grove are the best in the nation. 
 They answer each purpose our wants do require. 
 With walnut and oak we build our habitation, . 
 Good hickory and maple we chop for our fire, /v' 
 
 The linns and the elms are tall beyond measure, ' 
 They clatter their leaves midst the thunders of Jove. 
 The Swedes and the Irish are vying with each other 
 Purchasing farms in Henderson Grove. . ..\ . 
 
 The birds of the Grove are melodious, charming, - ' 
 They twitter their notes with beauty and skill, ; 
 
 The blackbirds and thrush in concert each morning. 
 At night we are charmed by the sweet whip-poor-will. 
 There are pigeons and prairie hens here beyond number. 
 Besides the wild partridge and sweet turtle dove, :-, 
 
 And game of all kinds to entice the fond hunter .^r,. ! 
 To ramble all day through Henderson Grove. v! -.1 
 
 The folks of the Grove are goodhearted and social, 
 The blessings of freedom they seem to enjoy. 
 
;;';,;/; HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY ' 781 
 
 . ; Are honest, industrious and jovial, _. .^;< 
 
 " "-. No envy or malice their peace to destroy. ; / 
 -.;;' No matter what country or county you hail from, '.' v 
 
 It's here you are treated with kindness and love. . ;": 
 
 .;;.! I challenge the state from Galena to Cairo, :; - ^ V'v: 
 r= .; To find such good neighbors as live in the Grove. .It '.'.,..'.-: 
 
 At Williamsfield the first Irish settler was Patric Grady, who made himself 
 memorable in that section by using as a building material for his house quantities 
 of pebbles from the banks of the Spoon. . / 
 
 Peter Morgan arrived soon after. Peter gave up the seafaring life for that 
 of a farmer. We are told that he crossed the ocean seventeen times. 
 
 From Limerick, in 1852, came the Welsh brothers, Richard and Michael, ac- 
 companied by James Murphy. They landed at New Orleans on Christmas day 
 of that year. The father of these elder Welshes raised horses for the fox chase 
 in the old country. Owing to this circumstance his sons struck up an acquaintance 
 at first sight with the driver of an especially fine team of horses on the streets 
 of Peoria. The driver was Simpkins of Maquon. As a result of this chance 
 meeting the wanderers located at Williamsfield. The Welsh brothers had had 
 the opportunity of college training at Dublin. Michael, generally known as 
 Squire Welsh, filled many offices of trust during his long life in Elba township. 
 The squire was justly proud of his title and resented from his old associates the 
 familiarity with which some of them addressed him as "Mike." Michael Grimes 
 was riding home from Williamsfield with him one rainy day, and in his con- 
 versation frequently and emphatically addressed him as "Mike." The squire 
 chafed inwardly and at length protested. "Why don't you call me squire, that's 
 me title ?" "Faith, I'll never call the likes of you squire," was the answer. Argu- 
 ing the point they reached the banks of the angry Spoon. The squire stopped his 
 horses and seemed greatly concerned as to the condition of one of the traces of 
 the nigh horse. "Will you get out and fasten that trace. Grimes ?" "I will that," 
 said Grimes. He had scarcely cleared the wheel when the squire struck his 
 spirited horses a resounding crack with the whip. They plunged headlong into 
 the river and before the astonished Grimes could draw a second breath, the 
 tail board of the wagon was far beyond his reach. He realized he was beaten. 
 He said severak things to Mr. Welsh in loud tones. It was only when he began 
 pleading, "Please, Mr. Squire, won't you come back?" that Mr. Welsh's hearing 
 returned. v'^ ^. 
 
 Other pioneers of the vicinity of Williamsfield were Philip Brenan, John 
 Malone, Dennis Murphy and Michael O'Connor. These in their day and gen-, 
 eration acquired fine farms which have passed on to their descendants. 
 
 In Sparta township on the rough land bordering North creek, which is a 
 tributary of Spoon river, settled a number of immigrants, chiefly from County 
 Waterford. 
 
 Mr. Patrick O'Connor, of Wataga, gives the following account of early set- 
 tlers at Barefoot. Mr. James O'Connor with his sons, Patrick and Thomas, took 
 up land there in 1855. Antedating them several years was Solomon McCIeary of 
 Scotch-Irish descent. . ,- 
 
732 HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY 
 
 ' Following the O'Connors came Peter O'Hern, Michael Murray, John Mangon, 
 William Butler, James Torticil, Thomas O'Brien and Ed Kennedy, known 
 throughout the community as "the king." He was considered final authority on 
 all matters pertaining to law and justice. 
 
 These men, by their industry and perseverance, converted timber land and 
 virgin prairie into productive farms, which in many cases are still operated by 
 their sons or grandsons. The dwellers along North creek were quaintly termed 
 in an early day "the Barefoot Nation." There, as elsewhere throughout the 
 county, expensive shoe leather was reserved for wear on Sundays and state oc- 
 casions. Sometimes there was but one pair of shoes in a family and he who 
 was most speedy in dressing stood the best chance of securing the family shoes 
 to complete his toilet. 
 
 There was a lovesick swain in the North Creek community who felt his 
 heartstrings drawn in the direction of Henderson Grove. Being a little bit 
 slow, perhaps, or possessed of more than ordinary good nature, he found that 
 Sunday after Sunday he was losing his turn at the coveted footwear. He 
 must have been stout of heart, as well as calloused of sole, for, nothing daunted, 
 he covered regularly the long miles that intervened between him and the object 
 of his affection. The people of the Grove took notice of the young man's cour- 
 age and devotion and, overlooking their own bare toes, which were quite the 
 correct thing when one was at home, humorously termed their friends of the 
 North Creek locality, "The Barefoot Nation," which in time became abbrevi- 
 ated to "Barefoot." 
 
 : As early as 1855 ^ number of Irish were already settled within a radius of 
 a few miles of what is now the village of Oneida. Among the first were the 
 Sullivan brothers Owen, Michael and Daniel. A few years later came the 
 Swift brothers Martin and John; the Barry brothers James and Michael 
 came in 1857: Joseph and James McGovern, Simon, Clark and Owen Conley 
 settled in the locality since known as Dublin. Other early comers were Dan 
 Faloon, Pat Mead, Locke Feely, Timothy Hannon, Thomas Huston and Patrick 
 Nash. 
 
 The breaking out of prairie sod, the digging of coal, the quarrying of stone 
 and the making of brick were the chief occupations of the new comers to 
 Ontario and Sparta townships. A brickyard was kept by Tom Quinn and Tom 
 Ryan near Oneida. John Dimsey conducted one of the first butcher shops 
 there. 
 
 Mr. Timothy Hannon opened a shoe shop in 1857 in this village. During 
 the fifty-five years that have since elapsed Mr. Hannon has shod two genera- 
 tions of Oneida's inhabitants. In front of his store stands a splendid hard 
 maple that was planted by him and his good wife on their wedding day fifty- 
 three years ago. His most distinguished patron was one that walked into a 
 shop which he operated in Springfield previous to his coming to Oneida. That 
 patron was Abraham Lincoln, for whom Mr. Hannon made a substantial pair 
 of shoes. 
 
 Michael Courtney was an early resident of Oneida, a colonel in the Civil 
 war, and, like the others of his family, influential in the life of the community. 
 George Courtney was a road foreman of engines for the C., B. & Q. R. R. at 
 the time of his death by accident in 1889. ..... , . , 
 
HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY 733 
 
 There were but few Irish families scattered over the other townships of 
 the northern portion of the county. 
 
 John Sheahan took up a quarter section of land in Lynn township in 1864. 
 His brother-in-law, Richard Goodman, came to Lynn in 1865. The Story fam- 
 ily, James Graham and John Hagarty came a few years later. Patrich Sheahan 
 and his family took up land in Walnut Grove township in 1866. The Welsh 
 brothers, Patrick, James, John and Thomas, with their brother-in-law. Henry 
 Locklin, were pioneer owners of land both in Rio township and over the line 
 in Henry county. 
 
 These early settlers by their untiring efforts and keen business insight be- 
 came, all of them, substantial citizens, and some of them owners of extensive 
 tracts of land, which to-day means wealth and independence for their children. 
 But few of the emigrants from the old country were so daring as to embark at 
 once on the stormy seas of a business career. The following did so and were 
 highly successful : 
 
 Daniel Farrell was a pioneer in the clothing business in Galesburg, and 
 those who knew him best are enthusiastic in their appreciation of all that he did 
 in the old days of religious and political dissension as mediator. He lived to 
 a ripe old age, always at his post of business, a dignified and lovable figure in 
 the community. Edward Houston conducted a grocery store in Wataga for 
 years. He was postmaster of that place during both of Cleveland's adminis- 
 trations. Mr. Thomas Keefe was in the grain business first at Wataga, then 
 at St. Augustine and for the last twenty-five years has been a leading lumber 
 merchant in Galesburg. 
 
 An amusing incident of Mr. Keefe's boyhood is the fact that when his 
 father decided to leave the old home in Roscommon and try his fortune in the 
 new world he deliberated long and earnestly over the chances of his youngest 
 children securing an education in America. Depressed by reports of scanty 
 schools in that wilderness, he left the young Thomas and his brother, still 
 younger, to attend the school kept by their uncle in Ireland. The father and 
 the rest of the family proceeded to New York. Four years passed before the 
 younger children were permitted to come on and join their elders in "York 
 state." 
 
 Mr. James O'Connor, now in the real-estate and insurance business, has 
 been actively associated with the growth and development of Galesburg from 
 early manhood. Timothy Hannon, pioneer shoe merchant at Oneida, has been 
 mentioned previously. 
 
 There is a tendency to regard the Irish as merely an element of the rank 
 and file, while the truth of the matter is, their work has been structural. At 
 first they had nothing to offer but labor, and labor was what Knox county 
 needed in her early days. In the clearing away of timber, in the breaking up 
 of prairie sod, in the building of railroads and in the construction of solid 
 masonry, the handiwork of the Irish laborer was everywhere. That laborer 
 had had but the briefest of schooling in the newly established national schools 
 of the old country. In many cases he could barely write his name and just 
 spell out the headlines in the weekly paper. Most of them, however, were well 
 able to peruse that paper from end to end and were soon deeply interested in 
 every live question of the day. That laborer, being Irish, was the best of good 
 
784 HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY , 
 
 . -4' 
 
 fellows (often to his undoing). He was fluent of speech, a persuader of men 
 by birth and a leader of causes by inheritance. Fate and the lack of education 
 left him a worker with his hands. He raised large families, and to his children 
 he gave the education for which he had thirsted and with it his native gifts of 
 magnetism and persuasion. The second generation took to the professions, to 
 business and to public life like the duck to the quiet pool. 
 
 From many generalities we have at last come to the winding path of con- 
 tinuous personal mention. As your g^ide on the long journey that we have 
 come together, we must warn you of many abrupt turns from this person to 
 that and of very sudden leaps from one calling to another in no way connected 
 with it. 
 
 Hon. M. J. Dougherty represents the second generation of the St. Augustine 
 group. The father of Mr. Dougherty came to this country at the age of five. 
 With his parents he boarded the first ship that sailed out of Lxjndonderry har- 
 bor after peace was declared and it was known in that port that the War of 
 1812 was over. News traveled but slowly in those days, and we know that the 
 battle of New Orleans was fought after peace was declared. It is interesting 
 to learn that the above mentioned ship was given a lively chase, all of one day, 
 by an American privateer. How much of wit and good-fellowship the Knox 
 county bar would have lost had one of those death-dealing cannon balls taken 
 effect ! Landing at Philadelphia, they went west by ox team and steamboat until 
 Mr. Thomas Dougherty cast in his lot with the St. Augustine colony. The 
 younger Mr. Dougherty has been for years a prominent member of the bar. He 
 was postmaster for the city of Galesburg during Cleveland's administration and 
 has represented this district in the state legislature for a number of terms. 
 
 Lewis Matingly was sheriff of Williams county, Kansas, for many years 
 and led the posse of citizens that broke up the notorious James gang. 
 
 John Keefe, the eldest son of Thomas Keefe of Galesburg, left St. Augus- 
 tine for Sioux City, Iowa, where he has long been a prominent and respected 
 citizen. Mr. Keefe is a member of the firm of Flynn and Keefe, street pave- 
 ment contractors. :^' ' . . r" ?- : I ->^ '.';':' 
 
 We have already mentioned two representatives of the second generation of 
 the Salem group, R. G. Mathews and Hugh Sloan. James Wasson, the attor- 
 ney, belongs to that group. 
 
 Representatives of the Henderson Grove group are James Minehan, editor 
 of a paper at Geddes, South Dakota ; W. H. Coffey and the Slattery brothers. 
 Mr. Coffey is justice of the peace in Galesburg. Dr. W. H. Slattery is located 
 in Lincoln, Nebraska, and Dr. George N. in New York city. 
 
 From Williamsfield came those able attorneys Judge J. D. Welsh and his 
 cousip, James J. ; also Dr. Thomas Murphy, a prominent physician of Cedar 
 Rapids, Iowa. 
 
 Of the Oneida barefoot group Harry A. Nash, son of Patrick Nash, repre- 
 sents the second generation. Mr. Nash is a leading citizen of Perry, Iowa, where 
 he follows the business of real estate, insurance and investments. The Torticell 
 brothers, sons of James Torticell, are both in business in Kewanee, James L. 
 in the plumbing, and Will dealing in hardware. Dan Hannon, son of Timothy 
 Hannon, is auditor for Adams Express Company in Denver, Colorado. 
 
 Prominent sons of Galesburg are Dr. L. R. Ryan, widely known as an eye 
 
HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY > 735 
 
 and ear specialist, the Maley brothers, Dr. W. H. and Dr. George, Dr. Thomas 
 Birmingham and Dr. Frank Flynn. Attorneys, the late J. C. Stephens, Edward 
 McTiernan, of Chicago, Will Brown of Bellingham, Washington, W. H. Sullivan 
 and J. E. Maley. In mercantile pursuits are M. J. Buckley, grocer ; John Huston, 
 grocer; George Farrell, one of the partners in the clothing store founded by 
 his father Daniel Farrell; J. B. McAuley, contractor; the O'Connor brothers, 
 Mart and J. D., contractors ; Miss Jean Halpin, beauty parlors ; Miss Mollie 
 Morrissey, ladies' supplies; Daniel Nolan, of the blacksmithing firm of Dewine 
 & Nolan, Joseph Sullivan, laundry business; Bernard Ryan, banker and lumber 
 merchant at Neleigh, Nebraska; the Hurley brothers, Myer and Exiward. Ed- 
 ward Hurley is president of the Hurley Machine Company of Chicago. Through 
 the successful management of a newly invented pneumatic tool he leaped into 
 the millionaire class. Mr. Myer Hurley is proprietor of a fiardware store at 
 Marseline, Kansas, and holds an important position among the officials of the B. 
 of L. E. Miss Kathryn Ryan is proprietor of a dry goods store at Black Foot, 
 Idaho. Mr. Edwin Daugherty, son of Honorable and Mrs. M. J. Daugherty, 
 is in the wiring business at Riverside, California. " 
 
 Among the adopted sons of Galesburg are Dr. W. O'R. Bradley, Dr. John 
 Bohan and Dr. Fred Gurley, J. P. Foley, undertaker; J. P. Quigley, plumber. 
 
 Knox county has contributed these names to the roll of the clergy : Rev. 
 Wm. Graham, son of James Graham, theological student at Rochester, New York ; 
 Rev. Edward Welsh, of Keithsburg, son of Thomas Welsh; Rev. J. J. Burk, of 
 Peoria, son of Thomas Burk, of St. Augustine. 
 
 Less than twenty years ago Knox county adopted that genial clergyman. Rev. 
 John Phelan, who came direct from the Royal University at Dublin to open Corpus 
 Christi lyceum. Of a retiring nature, he has endeared himself by the charm of 
 his personality not only to the students in his charge, but to the various com- 
 munities which they represent. 
 
 From the first, the Irish have been intimately associated with the railroad. 
 Mr. James Clary, of South Chambers street, retired from active service ten years 
 ago. He was for forty-seven consecutive years a section boss on the Quincy 
 branch and gives many interesting pictures of the floating population that made 
 up his gangs through all that period. Mr. John Sullivan entered the employ of 
 the Burlington in 1860. He was made division road master in 1871, which posi- 
 tion he is acceptably filling today. v ; 
 
 Of the second generation in railroad life are the following: Michael Franey, 
 who was called from the Galesburg shops to become master mechanic and super- 
 intendent of shops at Collinwood, Ohio, for the Lake Shore railroad. Will 
 Graham comes from a family of railroaders, his father and five uncles being well 
 known conductors. Mr. Will Graham is road master at Superior, Michigan. 
 Maurice Daley is superintendent of a western railroad with headquarters at 
 Seattle, Washington. His brother, James Daley, is state boiler inspector of 
 Montana, with headquarters at Helena. Frank P. Dolan, son of John Dolan, of 
 North Cedar street, won distinction in the railroad world at an early age. Bom 
 and educated at St. Augustine, he became a dependable operator at the age of 
 fourteen. He rose rapidly to the general superintendency of the Rock Island, 
 with his headquarters at Topeka, Kansas. 
 
736 r; ;; : HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY 
 
 Patrick H. Morrissey has made Galesburg his home for a quarter of ,a cen- 
 tury. Entering the railroad life as a call boy, he is now president of the American 
 Railroad Employees and Investors Association. His national standing is best 
 attested by the following extracts from lengthy articles concerning him in our 
 best magazines. The Saturday Evening Post of January 8, 1910, says: "Mr. 
 Morrissey is a diplomat of long experience and approved skill, a man of fairness 
 and moderation." He is justifiably proud of a letter written him by a recent 
 tenant of the White House, in which he is assurred "That mighty few men have 
 helped me as much as you have." In the Outlook of August 5, 1911, Mr. Roose- 
 velt says of a speech made by Mr. Morrissey to the Brotherhood of Locomotive 
 Engineers, "It sets forth such good doctrine that I wish it were possible to quote 
 it in full. I cordially agree with Mr. Morrissey's views on this matter." These 
 quoted words are much more forcible and expressive than would be any com- 
 ments of ours. ; ...;,; 
 
 George Davis, for twenty years treasurer of Knox College, was a native of 
 County Lietrim, Ireland. The splendid new building just dedicated to science at 
 Knox IS a lasting monument to his name. A large donor to that building was 
 J. T. McKnight, a son-in-law of Mr. Davis, a trustee of Knox, and a most in- 
 fluential citizen of Galesburg. Although a man of means, Mr. McKnight is also 
 a man of affairs, active in every interest of the community. Mr. McKnight is 
 the son of an immigrant from County Monaghan. 
 
 The late Alfred M. Craig was one of Knox county's best known sons, both as 
 jurist and banker. He served on the supreme bench of the state for twenty-seven 
 years. Judge Craig was the grandson of an immigrant from Londonderry. 
 
 Dr. Thomas McClelland, for the past twelve years president of Knox College, 
 is a native of Colraine, North Ireland. During his administration the endowment 
 of Knox College has been raised $350,000. Two handsome buildings have been 
 erected during this term which have greatly enhanced the usefulness of this pro- 
 gfressive college. 
 
 Professor W. L. Steele is the son of an immigrant from County Antrim, his 
 father being twenty years of age when he came to this country. Mr. Steele 
 has devoted a life work of incalculable and lasting value to the county, first as 
 superintendent of county schools and later as superintendent of the public schools 
 of Galesburg. He has given these schools a reputation that is state wide for 
 excellence and efficiency. By the introduction of the outline of study for the 
 country schools and the institution of the yearly township examination, he brought 
 order out of chaos and gave to the whole system a solid basis of well graded 
 work. 
 
 Thomas Smith, father of Mrs. Geo. W. Gale, was a pioneer contractor and 
 mason, widely respected throughout the county. 
 
 Rev. Joseph Bell, the present superintendent of the Galesburg district of the 
 Methodist Episcopal church, informs us that his four grandparents were natives of 
 the County Down. 
 
 Others of more remote Irish descent are W. F. Boyes, county superintendent 
 of schools; Judge R. C. Rice; the Hardy brothers, of the law firm of Hardy, 
 Welsh & Hardy, and Attorney B. E. McLaughlin; John George, a pioneer 
 farmer of Galesburg, whose sons, C. and E., are ranked among the prominent 
 
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736 HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY 
 
 Patrick H. Morrissey has made Galesburg his home for a quarter of a cen- 
 tury. Enterin.ij the railroad life as a call boy. he is now president of the American 
 Railroad Emi)loyees and Investors Association. His national standing is best 
 attested by the following extracts from lengthy articles concerning him in our 
 best magazines. The Saturday Evening Post of January 8, 1910, says: "Mr. 
 Morrissey is a diplomat of long experience and approved skill, a man of fairness 
 and moderation." He is justifiably proud of a letter written him by a recent 
 tenant of the \\'hite House, in which he is assurred "That mighty few men have 
 helped me as much as you have." In the Outlook of August 5. 1911, Mr. Roose- 
 velt says of a si)eech made by Mr. Morrissey to the Brotherhood of Locomotive 
 Engineers, "It sets forth such good doctrine that I wish it were jiossiblc to quote 
 it in full. I cordially agree with Mr. !Morrissey's views on this matter." These 
 quoted words are much more forcible and expressive than would be any com- 
 ments of ours. 'I 
 
 George Davis, for twenty years treasurer of Knox College, was a native of 
 County Lietrim. Ireland. The splendid new building just dedicated to science at 
 Knox IS a lasting monument to his name. A large donor to that building was 
 J. T. McKnight, a son-in-law of Mr. Davis, a trustee of Knox, and a most in- 
 fltiential citizen of Galesburg. Although a man of means, Mr. McKnight is also 
 a man of affairs, active in every interest of the community. Mr. McKnight is 
 the SDn of an immigrant from County Monaghan. 
 
 The late Alfred M. Craig was one of Knox county's best known sons, both as 
 jurist and banker. He served on the supreme bench of the state for twenty-seven 
 years. Judge Craig was the grandson of an immigrant from Londonderry. 
 
 Dr. Thomas McClelland, for the past twelve years president of Knox College, 
 is a native of Colraine. Xorth Ireland. During his administration the endowment 
 of Knox College has been raised $350,000. Two handsome l)uildings have been 
 erected during this term which have greatly enhanced the usefulness of this pro- 
 gressive college. 
 
 Professor \V. L. Steele is the son of an immigrant from County Antrim, his 
 father being twenty years of age when he came to this country. Mr. Steele 
 has devoted a life work of incalculable and lasting value to the count\', first as 
 superintendent of county schools and later as superintendent of the public schools 
 of Galesburg. He has given these schools a reputation that is state wide for 
 excellence and efficiency. P)y the introduction of the outline of study for the 
 country schools and the institution of the \early township examination, he brought 
 order out oi chaos and gave to the whole system a solid basis of well graded 
 work. 
 
 Thomas Smith, father of Mrs. Geo. \V. Gale, was a pioneer contractor and 
 mason, widely respected throughout the county. 
 
 Rev. Joseph Bell, the present superintendent of the Galesburg district of the 
 Methodist Episcopal church, informs us that his four grandparents were natives of 
 the County Down. 
 
 Others of more remote Irish descent are \\'. E. Boyes. county superintendent 
 of schools ; Judge R. C. Rice : the Hardy brothers, of the law firm of Hardy. 
 Welsh & Hardy, and Attorney B. E. McLatighlin ; John George, a pioneer 
 farmer of Galesburg, whose sons, C. and E., are ranked among the prominent 
 
1 X 
 
 - X 
 
HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY ; ;/ 737 
 
 business men of Omaha ; Captain F. A. Freer, for many years postmaster of 
 Galesburg, who came of a Huguenot family that emigrated from France to Ire- 
 land. There the original name Frere took on its present form. J. C. Stuart, 
 father of Mrs. F. W. Wolf and Miss Maud Stuart, was mayor of Galesburg for 
 three terms. The grandfather of Mr. Stuart was a native of Ireland. 
 
 Our list ends with the name of Galesburg's present mayor, George Sander- 
 son, who is a grandson of Patrick Dunn, one of Galesburg's first bankers, and 
 our history of the Irish in Knox county will close with the following series 
 of incidents and stories, which are true in every detail. -; 
 
 Patrick Reddington was an unknown nabob among his fellows, arriving 
 here from Pittsfield with six hundred gold dollars, earned in the employ of 
 Barker Brothers, sewed in the lining of his belt. This was in the very time 
 when barrels of wildcat money were being rolled from McCoy's bank in Gales- 
 burg and burned on the public square. Two hundred dollars of Mr. Redding- 
 ton's belted hoard made up a trust fund belonging to his sweetheart. He went 
 to work on a farm where there were frequent wrestling bouts among the men, 
 and it became a matter of great concern to Patrick lest his treasure be discov- 
 ered. His employer was taken into his confidence and offered to care for the 
 money. The offer was accepted and Patrick treasured carefully the piece of 
 paper that recorded the exchange. The heartbreaking panic of '57 came on, 
 and among its sorrowing victims were Patrick and his young wife. There was 
 but scanty consolation in the possession of a doubtful note that represented the 
 solid earnings of six long years. A decade later Patrick was a rising land- 
 owner and raiser of stock. He determined to avail himself of the neat profits 
 of the middleman, and when his first carload of stock was ready for market 
 he ventured to Chicago alone. Nervous and with beating heart he heard the 
 comments of the dignified buyers, fearful lest he should have to reship his 
 cattle tp Galesburg. But not so. His stock brought the highest price on the 
 market. Regaling himself with a simple breakfast of fruit eaten in front of 
 a pretentious barroom, he was interrupted by the gruff voice of the pompous 
 proprietor, who ordered him to gather up the peelings and move on. Stung 
 by the indignity of the tone and realizing the size of his substantial check, 
 Patrick thought, 'Til show him." Squaring himself, he walked past the pro- 
 prietor and casually displayed his check as he stood at the counter. He studied 
 the wet goods with critical eye and coolly ordered a quantity of the very best 
 imported liquor in the place. He stated that he would call for it later and 
 declined every advance of the transformed proprietor, who was more than 
 anxious to attend to the cashing of the imposing check. Mr. Reddington neg- 
 lected to say how much later, but proceeded straight to the statiori with a merry 
 twinkle in his eye, and to this day of our Lord he has not yet returned for 
 his purchase. 
 
 James Phillips was a notable wag and a good fellow known far and near. 
 A temperance lecture was being preached at St. Patrick's, and James, in re- 
 sponse to invitation, was there, but, perhaps foreseeing trouble, pulled away 
 from his escort sufficiently to pass beyond a portly lady of great dignity and 
 so secured an end seat with his back against the wall. The missionary father 
 was a powerful speaker, and before he concluded dozens were crowding for- 
 ward to sign the pledge. Every man around Mr. Phillips went up and signed, 
 
 Vol. 147 , . ... 
 
738 HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY 
 
 but he sat immovable. His brother and sisters, nephews and nieces could not 
 reach him, but they appealed with eye and hand. But his eyes were riveted 
 upon the speaker. At length one and then another of the relatives leaned 
 toward the woman next to Mr. Phillips and whispered her to urge James for- 
 ward. At that the object of all this interest sat up with great dignity, rolled 
 a reproving eye at the whole group and whispered loudly : "Can't ye let this 
 woman alone? She looks like a sober woman." 
 
 Nearly all the Irishmen that came over during the '50$ and '6os cast in ' '" 
 their lot with the democratic party, the reason being that that party welcomed 
 immigration rather than opposed it. 
 
 The "Know Nothings" were an extreme branch of the republicans, and they 
 voiced the bitterest of prejudice against the newcomers. In the east convents, 
 schools and churches built by the Irish were fired by fanatics allied to the Know 
 Nothings, and this, of course, had the immediate effect of swinging the newly 
 naturalized to the other party with a vengeance. -^ . 
 
 In Knox county, as elsewhere, in those days political feeling ran so high in 
 contrast with our times that a rally of to-day looks like a Sunday school picnic 
 in comparison. We are coming to a story of the redhot campaign of 1856, in 
 which figures a wild Irishman of Goliath bulk and build and with ultra David 
 gameness. 
 
 ''Big Bill" was in the employ of Mr. Wm. Ferris and was quite a favorite : 
 with his employer, who found him willing always and quite tractable. The 
 townspeople had opinions of their own concerning him. Mr. Ferris owned a :. 
 team of most fractious mules which were as wild as Bill. He was the only per- 
 son who could handle them. Bill would tear down Main street from one end 
 to the other, mounted on one mule and leading the other, singing and yelling at : 
 the top of his voice, while those on foot were privileged to look out for them- ,; 
 selves. The village policeman grew quite indignant at his repeated failures 
 to stop Bill. One evening when the watchman was in good sprinting trim he 
 managed to get the front mule by the halter. Did Bill or the mule stop? Not 
 they! They rolled the representative of the law in the dust, neatly hurdled him 
 and then tore up Academy street to the Ferris barn. It was a short walk to 220 
 North Academy, and the dusty, boiling, indignant watchman soon arrived, lan- 
 tern in hand. Straight upstairs to where he knew the Irish boys slept he went, 
 and, with lantern held high in shaking hand, he scanned their beds. Doc lay on 
 the outside, Mike in the middle and over next the wall was Big Bill, deeper 
 in sleep that the other two, for every muscle was relaxed and loud, regular 
 snoring pulsated from his open mouth. He was a perfect picture of sleeping 
 innocence. The irate watchman stopped, influenced by the fact that two other 
 able-bodied sons of Erin lay between him and the object of his wrath, as Bill 
 intended they should. He prudently turned on his heel and went downstairs 
 to vent his wrath on Mr. Ferris, ordering him to discharge the whole gang on 
 general principles if nothing more. Mr. Ferris indignantly refused, declaring 
 that the boys were all right and that Bill in particular would jump to obey his 
 least wish, day or night. "Let those fellows alone and they won't make you 
 any trouble." 
 
 One evening about this time a string of teams was on its way home. Big 
 Bill mounted on one of the mules in the lead. The boys in the rear twitted 
 
^ -^ :^/:;: HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY ; ^ ^:-: . 739 
 
 .'' .' '.-." :^-~>: 
 
 Bill with having to open the gate for the rest. But that dauntless hind had 
 no such intention and with a dig of his heels, a rattle of the reins and an en- 
 couraging, threatening "Ah ^ha. Jack, Jennie," leaped his team over the gate 
 and went on in triumph. V . 
 
 The democrats scheduled a rally, but, being in the minority, their parade 
 was broken up. The republicans were to have a rally, and the democratic 
 boys were anxious to get even and enlisted in their service Josiah Gale, a 
 brother of W. Selden Gale, and, unlike his better known brother, a staunch 
 democrat. He placed at the disposal of the boys a spirited team of young 
 
 Morgan horses hitched to a good stout lumber wagon with Jack as 
 
 driver. According to plan, the horses were to become unmanageable at the 
 head of Main street just as the procession was about to start. The streets were 
 thronged with excited, hotblooded partisans. The smoky glare of the torch- 
 light and the dazzling gleam of fireworks lit up a sea of faces intent on the 
 exciting spectacle. Gaudy floats, high waving banners, gallant republicans 
 forming in serried ranks and mounted marshals galloping up and down, all 
 were watching for the signal that meant the final start. One village band and 
 then another struck up the strains of "The Star Spangled Banner." Up near 
 Seminary street a dreadful commotion broke out, which swelled and grew to a 
 frightful clamor. The procession wavered and broke, rolling the crowd of 
 spectators back over the boardwalks up dark stairways and streaming into side 
 streets. The music died in a discordant wail, and the rattling sound of clat- 
 tering trumpet and horn followed, for the Morgans with distended nostrils and 
 eyes starting from their sockets, smarting and resentful under the lash of their 
 daring driver, availed themselves of an undisputed right of way down Main 
 street. There was no stop until the Gale farm was reached, where Jack tossed 
 the reins to a faithful accomplice, leaped to the back of a fresh horse, and, 
 leaving the mounted police far behind, disappeared in the direction of the south 
 timber. 
 
 Meantime on a side street things were happening. Insulting remarks were 
 directed at two Irishmen. A fistic combat started. Big Bill, speeding to the 
 aid of his friends, was gathered in with them by the police. Doc was a specta- 
 tor and told me about it. "Bill knocked the first policeman down wid wan 
 blow of his fist. Another stud between him and the door. Bill grabbed him 
 by the coat collar and hurled him clean over his shoulder. Oh ! a fine big 
 sthrappin' fellow was Bill! In front of the lockup Bill prepared for more 
 trouble by taking a buildin' brick in each hand. Officer Heroune came running 
 up, and by the same token it would have been betther for him to have stayed 
 away. 'Stand back!' -says Bill in a terrible voice. 'Stand back,' he says a sec- 
 ond time. A third time 'Stand back!' Heroune didn't know Bill. He came 
 on till he met the brick. Then he stopped, wilted on the flat of his back. It 
 was six months before he was around again. A big, tall butcher named Brink- 
 erhoof held Bill till he was overpowered and locked up. 
 
 "Hogan and I left the crowd yelling and cheering and making threats outside 
 the jail, and we went home. We barricaded the door good, for we heard that 
 the republicans were going to hang the whole gang of us up at Ferrises. 
 Hogan took the ax, I took the spade, and I never shut an eye all night. About 
 three o'clock I heard a noise on the stairs and something heavy struck the door 
 
746 HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY : :;:: 
 
 a terrible blow. I thought it was all up. I called Hogan and found he was 
 sound asleep. I gave him a vicious jab wid me elbow, for how he could sleep 
 
 I didn't know. Says I, 'They're here.' Says Hogan, 'Who?' Says I, "The re- 
 publicans to hang us.' 'No, it ain't,' says Hogan, rubbing his eyes, 'that is 
 
 .. Bill.' 'You are right,' says I, for I heard his voice. We opened the door 
 quick to stop the pounding. Bill bounded in and began bundling up his 
 clothes. He had broken jail and looked like a Zulu. In two seconds he was 
 gone, and it was many a day before we saw him again, for he stayed hid in 
 
 : Henderson Grove till Heroune was well out of danger. Then he again went 
 to work for Mr. Pitcher, who liked his help so much that he settled for Bill 
 with the court for $50." . . - ; , ' ': " 
 
 THE SWEDES IN KNOX COUNTY AND GALESBURG 
 
 ';. />,^.;; BY AXEL GABRIELSON :'':;-:;'..; 
 
 Knox county, Illinois, and her chief city, Galesburg, and also lesser cities 
 . . and towns, are typical American communities in build, socially and education- 
 ; ally, and in customs, habits and taste as well, and yet, as will be seen by an 
 .: investigation of the facts, a good proportion, probably 50 per cent of the popu- 
 lation, is foreign born or the descendants of foreigners, a condition at once a 
 tribute to the power and thoroughness and grace and ease of American assimi- 
 lation and of nice foreign adaptiveness. 
 
 Chief among foreign-born citizens and their descendants, in Knox county, 
 
 are the Irish, Scotch, Germans and Swedes, the Swedes being the strongest 
 
 . numerically. Lately a considerable number of Italians, Austrians, Poles and 
 
 Mexicans have come into Knox county, and principally to Galesburg, adding 
 
 to the total foreign element, and while they are too recent in arrival to have yet 
 
 made any appreciable impression, given time and opportunity they, too, no doubt, 
 
 . will merge beautifully into the body politic and contribute generously to the 
 
 welfare and upbuilding of our commonwealth. 
 
 The first Swedish immigations to America date back to 1038-1665, result- 
 ing in the founding of New Sweden ("Paradis Udden," or "Paradise Point") 
 on the Delaware river, in the original project of which the king, the great Gustaf 
 Adolph the Second, of Sweden, was interested, but which he was not permitted 
 to consummate, that honor falling instead to his chancellor, the brilliant Axel 
 Oxenstjerna. Between the periods of 1638 and 1665 ten colonization parties 
 were equipped and sent out to the new world, and as late as 1693, fifty-five 
 . years after the arrival of the first party of Swedish immigrants on American 
 soil, there still remained one thousand of them in the settlement of New Sweden. 
 During the existence of New Sweden as a colony of Swedes thirty-five min- 
 > isters or preachers were sent out to it from the mother country to minister to 
 the three churches at Wicacoa, now Philadelphia, Kristina and Racoon, and 
 chief among these preachers was the talented and distinguished Carl Magnus 
 ' Wrangle, of the noble family of Sag and Wachel. This early Swedish set- 
 tlement, it is true, lost its distinctive identity as such after a period of a third 
 
:^:r>^:v ::;:;: HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY ; "^- 741 
 
 of a century, being by conquest merged into the stronger Holland settlements 
 along the Delaware, these, too, in turn being obliged to give way to the Eng- 
 lish, but after a lapse of nearly 300 years multiplied evidences of the early 
 presence and influence of the Swedes may be found in the city of Philadelphia 
 and vicinity. :.-/;. ^.^ ,'.:.. 
 
 So far as known, the first Swede who came to Illinois was Raphael Widen, 
 who, January 12, 1814, was appointed justice of the peace of St. Claire county 
 by the territorial governor Ninan Edwards and was one of fourteen territorial 
 justices, conducting the affairs of Randolph county from December, i8i8, to 
 May, 1819, and also a member of the fourth and fifth general assemblies, serv- 
 ing as president of the fourth general assembly. 
 
 Olof G. Hedstrom came to America in 1825, settling in New York, and in 
 1833 his brother, Jonas Hedstrom, joined him, the latter, pushing on to Vic- 
 toria, Illinois, in 1838. G. Unonius, with a little party coming to America in 
 1841, settled on Pine lake, near Nashotah, Wisconsin. In 1844 a company 
 of fifty Swedish immigrants, with Daniel Larson as leader and spokesman, land- 
 ed and settled in Boston, Massachusetts, and a second company of sixty immi- 
 grants under Larson's leadership came a little later, settling in Campello and 
 Brockton, Massachusetts. Peter Cassell and five families came to America 
 from Sweden in 1845 ^"d settled in New Sweden, Iowa, where his son, An- 
 drew Cassell, and his descendants still live, honored and respected by all, Swedes 
 and Americans alike. '^. '.''''',"'- 
 
 ,. Between 1665 and 1846 but few Swedes immigrated to America, and such 
 as came arrived not as parties or colonies, but as individual families or singly. 
 However, beginning with 1845 or earlier a wanderlust for America revived in 
 Swedish hearts on the mother soil, and in 1846 large parties and colonies of 
 the sons and daughters of the north again landed on our shores, this time not 
 remaining in the east, as before, but instead resolutely setting their faces toward 
 the setting sun they tirelessly continued their long journey on lake and river 
 by boat and on land by wagon and on foot, until they reached the rich fertile 
 lands of Henry county, in western Illinois, where their guiding star stopped, 
 when they, too, stood still, and, looking around, discovered that this was their 
 Mecca and that they now had reached their long-sought goal. 
 
 The Swedish immigrations beginning in 1845, and resulting in the founding 
 of the Swedish Communistic colony at Bishop Hill, Henry county, Illinois, Sep- 
 tember 26, 1846, is called the Jansonist movement, being inspired by Eric Janson, 
 a religious leader and preacher, who with his followers, because of persecutions, 
 imprisonment and confiscations of property in the homeland, came to America, 
 "the land of the free and home of the brave," that here they might worship 
 God according to the dictates of their own conscience, and without molestation 
 engage in the pursuit of liberty, peace and happiness. Having found \vhat they 
 sought, these courageous, stalwart sons of the north, exponents of the simple life, 
 in hopeful toil and labor subdued the wilderness, tilled the virgin soil, and pass- 
 ing, left to their descendants, a priceless heritage in character, of motive and 
 purpose in life and material wealth as well. Bishop Hill enjoys the distinction 
 of being the first and oldest exclusively Swedish settlement in America, subsequent 
 to the New Sweden settlement of 1638-1665, on the Delaware, and Victoria and 
 Galesburg in Knox, and Andover in Henry county, Illinois, follow it, but the 
 
742 HISTORY OF KXOX COUNTY x! 
 
 large masses of Swede immigrants coming to these places later than the Bishop 
 Hill settlement found that pioneer American and individual Swede settlers had 
 preceded them, and established an embryo civilization with which to hospitably 
 greet later comers on arrival. All Swedish immigrations, following the Bishop 
 Hill settlement, differ from it too, in that material welfare and advancement, not 
 religious liberty, was the motive. ' : ,..;:: 
 
 It will interest readers of the Knox county history, not familiar with the 
 facts, to know that in fifteen of the one hundred and two counties of Illinois, are 
 many communities urban and rural, with so large a population of Swedish 
 citizens, as to warrant calling them Swedish counties. These counties are Cook, 
 Winnebago, Kane, DeKalb, Will, Bureau, Henry, Rock Island, Mercer, Warren, 
 Knox, Peoria, McLean, Ford and Vermillion. Flourishing cities, towns and 
 rural districts, in each of these counties, have Swedes numerically strong enough 
 to make distinct impression upon the body politic, for weal or woe, and since 
 the Swede counties and communities rank high, if not highest in the state in point 
 of wealth, education, refinement and Christian culture, and all that makes for 
 good citizenship, it is conceded that the Swedes as a rule stand for the uplift 
 and betterment of themselves and surroundings. In the counties of Illinois 
 designated as Swede counties are the following communities in which there are 
 large numbers of Swedes: Galesburg, Knoxville, Wataga, Altona, Victoria, Hen- 
 derson, Galva, Bishop Hill, Cambridge, Nekoma, Kewanee, Geneseo, Orion, Osco, 
 Lynn, Woodhull, Ophiem, Rock Island, Moline, Aledo, New Boston, Keithsburg, 
 Swedona, LaFayette, Toulon, Monmouth, Roseville, Swan Creek, Princeton, 
 Wyanet, New Bedford, St. Charles, Geneva, Batavia, Elgin, DeKalb, Sycamore, 
 Rockford, Peccatonica, Blooming^on, Paxton, Danville, Peoria, Joliet and Chi- 
 cago the latter place alone with its suburbs, having an approximate Swedish 
 population of a quarter of a million, and it has been said that starting at Galva, 
 in Henry county, and going west to Keithsburg and New Boston, on the Missis- 
 sippi river, a distance of fifty miles, a traveler may pass along all the way on 
 soil owned or tilled by a Swede. 
 
 Daniel Robertson, the first white settler, came to Henderson, Knox county, 
 in 1828, and in 1830 the county was organized with a population of 230 scant, 
 and in 1836, Geo. W. Gale and company came to the county, organizing Gales- 
 burg the following year with a population of about 232. Ten years later, in 
 1847, 3"d seven years before the advent of the C., B. & Q. railroad in Knox 
 county. Galesburg already had a Swedish population of 20, among whom were 
 John Youngberg, Nels Hedstrom, Andrew Thorsell, a Mr. Modine, Kristina 
 Muhr and Olof Nelson. :^ :. ;''..';./ \l : --^ 
 
 In 1854 the stream of Swedish immigration to Galesburg became most active, 
 continuing steadily until 1880. at which time the Swedish population was at 
 least three thousand five hundred, if not four thousand. Since 1880, there has 
 been no arrival of greater parties of immigrants direct from Sweden to Galesburg, 
 although families as such and individuals have been coming all the while, and 
 still do, and these, together with the natural increase by birth, make the Swedish 
 population of Galesburg, in 1912, easily eight thousand a figure of no mean 
 proportion, when considered that it constitutes more than a third of the whole 
 population of the city. j. : ' .'..'v/'v.-y .-";,: 
 
: ^ T . ^;. HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY ^ '' 743 
 
 , -.'.--- 
 
 As a rule the Swedes were poor and many penniless on arrival, having either 
 borrowed, perhaps, or spent their all in paying for their passage, and work and 
 wages, therefore, for them, was an immediate pressing need, and hence it was 
 no uncommon experience to greet a company of newcomer Swedes on the depot 
 landing one day, with their wooden chests, bundles, bags and baggage all around 
 them, and the next, after temporarily depositing the women, children and lug- 
 gage in some friendly home or shelter, find the men already at work, beginning 
 at the first possible moment on American soil, the foundation of success, of home 
 and fortune, through the commendable and sure medium of labor and applica- 
 tion. 
 
 With rare if any exception, all began American life with common manual 
 labor, at a prevailing low wage, first learned the language spoken, and then 
 through sheer merit and inherent worth, rose to better and more responsible 
 and lucrative position, as farm tenants and farm owners, mechanics and boss 
 workmen or superintendents, clerks, merchants and bankers, or, as official and 
 political men, or in the professions, attained to large and honorable places in the 
 community and vicinity. 
 
 Among the industries of Galesburg, either past or present, with which her 
 Swedish citizens have been identified as projectors and owners or as responsible 
 managers and workmen in supplying brain and brawn, in founding and develop- 
 ing them, are the Charles Johnson brick yards, Abraham Nelson furniture shop. 
 Industrial Machine Works, Galesburg Machine Works, the Brown Corn Planter 
 Co., the G. D. Colton Co. foundry; Frost Manufacturing Co., the O. B. Judson 
 Furniture Co., and the C., B. & Q. Railway Company, in all of which the rank and 
 file of workmen were and are Swedes, some of whom attained to enviable prom- 
 inence in management and conduct of the business among whom besides the 
 personal names given above, may be mentioned, first, the brothers Charles and 
 William Erickson, for fifty years continuously in the employ of the "Q" railway, 
 and now foremen respectively of the round house, and machine shops, where 
 also their father before them was a trusted workman. Also may be named in 
 this general connection, J. A. Oberg, D. L. Peterson, Claus Anderson, Alfred 
 Lindgren, P. N. Granville, Magnus Holmes, Andrew G. Gabrielson, John Pierson, 
 Andrew Stromstedt, F. T. 'Albert, W. A. Peterson, Claus Thoreen, Peter Olson, 
 John A. Ehn, Magnus Peterson, Frank A. Olson, W. O. Nelson, Andrew P. 
 Gustafson, Aug. Abramson, Peter Swanson, J. A. Renstrom, A. O. Peterson, 
 Andrew Johnson, L. J. Olson, Swen, Peter and Ernest Ekwall, S. J. Johnson, T. 
 W. Peterson, Abram Anderson, A. J. Anderson, F. O. Peterson, C. X. Johnson, 
 S. W. Nystrom, Frank A. Gustafson, J. W. and Claus Ekwall and many others 
 equally deserving of mention if space would permit. 
 
 Among early Swedish Galesburg merchants and tradesmen are : Hawkinson & 
 '. Pierson, Hawkinson & Charlson, Akey Themanson, C. E. Landstrom, Xelson & 
 Bengston, Peter Nelson, Clarkson & Johnson, Clarkson & Roadstrum, Xelson & 
 Swenson, Olson & Hofflund, grocers ; Nelson & Williamson, dry goods ; Victor 
 Velander; John Granville; Wenquist & Johnson, boot and shoe dealers; Abram 
 Nelson, furniture; Swen Nyman, jeweler; Swen Anderson, John Peterson and 
 N. G. Engstrand, tailors; Chas. Ferris; Clarkson & Anderson and John Ekwall, 
 restaurant ; A. O. Ahlenius, J. W. Anderson, butchers ; Peter Gabrielson, Peter 
 
744 HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY 
 
 Wetterberg, J. F. Johnson and Eskil Johnson, blacksmith, wagon and carriage i 
 
 shop ; Andrew Thorsell, Fred Lindquist and brother and C. J. Lindquist, painters 
 
 and decorators. .. 
 
 At present out of forty-four grocery establishments doing business in Gales- ' /, 
 burg twenty-one are owned and operated exclusively by Swedes, and in all 
 other lines, too, of mercantile activities one finds a like proportionate per cent 
 in the hands of and owned by Swedes, who by close application, careful and 
 conscientious observance of business principle and frugality, coupled with keen ;-/ 
 knowledge and shrewd forethought, are surely, if yet slowly, accumulating a ;; . - ' 
 competence. Foremost among present day Swede business establishments are ; ' 
 such houses as the N. P. Nelson Co., dry goods; J. H. Nelson Co., Jarl Young . i- . 
 & Co. and A. P. Wetterberg, clothing and men's furnishings; Swanson & Perce- , 
 ful, Hannah Holcomb, Highlander & Faulks, Johnson & Fagerburg, millinery; ; " 
 A. E. Steinfeldt, jeweler ; Holmes Bros., laundry ; Lindstrum & West and Oscar . ^. 
 Thorelius, druggists; Karl Salzberg, harness and saddlery; A. O. Lindstrum, O. ^; '- 
 P. Wenquist, insurance; Eric Cederoth, W. A. Anderson & Co., shoes; P. B. .' ' ' 
 Anderson, Oscar Johnson, Albert Joneson, J. I. Engstrand & Bro., tailors; A. i;-^;: ,; 
 A. Hallberg, artist; M. W. Olson, dentist; C. G. Johnson, physician; R. J. Wai- ^ ;' 
 berg, attorney; C. A. West, undertaker and embalmer; Duvon & Brown, C. S. ' 
 Peterson & Co., bakery; Lass & Larson Co., C. J. Lindquist, decorators and ~- 'V 
 painters; T. E. Johnson Machine Shop, A. F. Landstrum & Co., Galesburg Ma- -; ; 
 chine Works, automobile and ga/age; Galesburg Broom Co., David Carlson, ';'.;.; 
 Charles Hawkinson, planing mill; Hoflflund Bros., G. A. Swenson, cigars; W. ; .. 
 M. Stromberg, Hawkinson & Kenyon, confectioners; P. T. Olson, John Dahl- ' ?; 
 berg, Victor Johnson, Carl Carlson, Nels Person, C. E. Youngquist, P. O. ;.';; 
 Munson, C. E. Rundquist, C. N. Munson, A. F. Strandberg, F. O. Munson, : v ' 
 contractors and builders; S. H. Olson & Co., J. H. Walberg, Ericson & Larson, :;.; 
 Galesburg Commercial Union, R. O. Ahlenius, Larsen-Hulgren Grocery Co., . 3 
 J. A. Oberg & Son, O. W. Johnson & Bro., J. T. Johnson & Co. and C. M. 
 Burgland and a dozen additional grocery firms, swell, but do not complete, the 
 list of Galesburg's Swede merchants, now actively in business. 
 . Galesburg's first fire department was organized in 1856, and nine years later, 
 in 1865, an all Swede fire company, called Ericson Engine Company No. 2, 
 numbering sixty men, was formed, captained by O. P. Pearson, and soon after 
 a Swedish fire hose company, captained by D. L. Peterson, was organized. 
 Between these Swedish companies and the other Galesburg fire company, the 
 Tornado, and the Peoria and Quincy companies, friendly but sharp contests of 
 superiority often occurred, leading to a high degree of efficiency and skill, and 
 on two occasions the Swede fire laddies captured from their worthy opponent 
 the prizes of two hundred and fifty and fifty dollars offered the winner. In this 
 day and age Galesburg boasts a paid fire department, but even so the spirit of 
 the old Swedish volunteer fire fighters seems to move a younger and later 
 generation of Swedes, for a respectable number of the personnel of the present 
 department, including its capable chief, Martin Peterson, are Swedish lads, 
 who time and again have demonstrated, like their "landsmen" of old, that they . 
 
 understand the science and art of fighting and subduing fire. , .j - . . 
 
 Among early Swedish societies in Galesburg was Scandia, a literary or- ' ;> 
 ganization formed in 1866. Its fii'st president was Louis Peterson, now de- 
 
;%'^:4; A:' ;;;;;; 'HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY . y;-:--'-' 745 
 
 ''. . ;. ceased. Its second president, the Honorable A. W. Berggren, many times hon- 
 
 . . ored' with high political preferment by his fellow-townsmen, respected and 
 
 : esteemed by all Swedes who know him, still lives, hale, hearty and active, ap- 
 
 .;. parently wholly untouched by the weight of passing years, a typical, ideal, self- 
 
 . - made, becomingly modest man. Svea Independent Order of Good Templars 
 
 : ' was formed in 1867, A. O. Peterson, P. B. Anderson, L. L. Gibson, Hon. Nels 
 
 : ; Nelson and A. Youngreen, the first two still living and residents of Galesburg, 
 
 '.. ' being prominent in its organization. 
 
 -..V First Scandinavian Lodge, No. 446, Independent Order of Odd Fellows, 
 
 ;.; was organized in 1871, with Hon. A. W. Berggren, N. G. ; A. Klingberg, V. 
 
 , ' G. ; P. B. Anders, R. S. ; John Clarkson, treasurer. Present Swedish Gales- 
 
 :, burg fraternal organizations are Svea I. O. G. T., First Scandinavian Lx)dge, 
 
 No. 446, L O. O. F., and Vasa Lodge 210, Independent Order of Svithiod, 
 
 . , each of which is active, aggressive and prosperous. 
 
 Galesburg Swedish citizens of remote years, as well as those of a later day 
 
 : and present period, aspired and attained to political honors in the community. 
 
 ^.; ;. In 1860-1-2 P. L. Hawkinson was street superintendent. P. Shoberg in 1863 
 
 /' was the first Swede to be elected to the Galesburg common. council as alderman; 
 
 ' -^ Lewis Bergland was elected street commissioner in 1865; John Peterson alder- 
 
 .. A man, 1867 and '68. Beginning with 1871, the Hon. Nels Nelson, recently de- 
 
 ''---. ceased, was repeatedly honored for long terms with the office of city treas- 
 
 . . rV urer and city clerk, and the Hon. A. W. Berggren, late in the sixties and during 
 
 V the seventies and eighties, was successively elected to the office of justice of 
 
 : ; the peace, sheriff and state senator and later, by appointment, served with dis- 
 
 ., .-: tinction, too. as warden of the Joliet penitentiary. Other Swede men, too, 
 
 , ' notably P. N. Granville, Albert Truedson and N. J. Oleen, have filled places 
 
 '.honorably in Galesburg's official family, and in the common council and at 
 
 . present Hon. C. F. Hurburgh is state senator; F. F. Seaman, sheriff, and Charles 
 
 . H. Westerberg, circuit clerk, while no inconsiderable number of Swede men 
 
 .- , enjoy the distinction of being members of the honorable body of supervisors. 
 
 Galesburg's Swedish churches, strictly speaking, are five in number, namely: 
 
 ,'' First Evangelical Lutheran, Emanuel Methodist Episcopal, Saint John's Epis- 
 
 :- copal. Covenant or Congregational and Baptist church, but the Lutheran and 
 
 Covenant churches each maintain a chapel and Sunday school in outlying dis- 
 
 -- tricts, and in addition Swedes constitute fully 95 per cent of the membership 
 
 .V of Trinity Lutheran church, which by courtesy is called an English church, be- 
 
 ': . V cause its services are conducted in that language. But since each of these 
 
 .church societies is to be treated separately in this work by competent writers, 
 
 V it is needless to enlarge upon them here beyond this point. 
 
 f.'- Patriotism, loyalty and courage are marked features in Swedish character, 
 
 V . : and therefore when in the dark and trying years of i86i-'65 the fate of the 
 
 American nation hung in the balance Swedes everywhere, with other valiant 
 
 sons, responded in large numbers to the country's call for men tried and true, 
 
 and Galesburg sent out her full quota of these. Company C, Illinois Volunteers, 
 
 43d regiment, was recruited in Galesburg and organized in Camp Butler in 
 
 September, i86i, all in its enrollment being Swedes, with the exception of 
 
 two men. February 6, 1862, the company was ordered to Fort Henry, and on 
 
 February i8th to Fort Donaldson and was joined to General Ross's brigade of 
 
 General McQelland's division. .- - ; - 
 
746 HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY . ; 
 
 : With its regiment, Company C went to Pittsburg Landing, and thereafter ^ rj ; 
 participated in the battle of Shiloh, in which engagement Captain Olof S. Ed- ^.. \ 
 vail fell, together with comrades Lars O. Berglof and Carl Samuelson. The :- 
 
 company also distinguished itself at the siege of Corinth and in battle with ; 
 
 General Forrest, in capture of guerrilla forces and at Little Rock in battle with "' 
 
 General Shelby's brigade and in the assault of Prairie d'Anne and Camden. ' .. 
 At Jenkins Ferry Company C fought in the memorable battle when 4,000 Union ; i 
 soldiers repulsed 20,000 of the rebel force under Kirby Smith's army division, ;- ! ; 
 entailing a loss of 2,000 of the enemies at a cost of 700 Union soldiers. -.. , 
 
 On May 3, 1865, Company C returned to Little Rock, at which time and ' ': 
 place' it was mustered out of the service. A roster of the rank and file of the ' 
 
 men composing Company C cannot be given here, but appended is a list of the v' ; 
 officers of the company, all gallant men, heroes in peace or war, all of whom, 7. i' ' 
 so far as the writer knows, with the great majority of their comrades in arms, 1; 
 have responded to "taps", put out the lights and Iain down to well earned, :. 
 peaceful, undisturbed rest. . , -.: ........ %;..: 
 
 1.. lii!;;! LIST OF OFFICERS OF COMPANY C . '' 
 
 : Hugo A. Starkhoflf, Olof S. Edvall, Carl Arocenius, captains. 
 
 Olof S. Edvall, John P. Arendberg, first lieutenants. ;. : 
 
 Nels C. McCooI, Nels Knutson, second lieutenants, v ^ ' ' : 
 
 Magnus M. Holt, first sergeant. 
 
 Nels Peterson, Nels Knutson, Nels Nelson, Nels Anderson, sergeants. 
 
 Gust Anderson, Charles Kling, John W. Erickson, Olof A. Hallfast, Peter 
 Bergstrom, Adolph Larson, Magnus Larson, John Paulson, corporals. 
 
 Andrew Engstrom, musician. 
 
 In monetary matters Swedes in Galesburg have taken a proper place in the 
 community corresponding to their character, numbers and influence as a people. 
 Invariably the Swedish householder owns his home, has good remunerative em- 
 ployment or is in business for himself, and independent usually, whatever his 
 vocation or calling may be and in each of the five strong, splendid banks or 
 financial institutions of Galesburg, the Swedes also are given marked recognition 
 in directory boards, and in official and clerical force. 
 
 The Bank of Galesburg, an institution with capital surplus and undivided 
 profits of more than four hundred and fifty thousand dollars, deposits in excess 
 of one million and assets beyond a million and a half dollars, organized, mainly 
 capitalized, largely officered and generally patronized by Swedes, is commonly 
 spoken of as the Swede bank. N. O. G. Johnson is its vice-president, P. N. 
 Granville, cashier, and C. E. Johnson, assistant cashier, each of whom are di- 
 rectors too, together with Thomas W. Peterson and Sam. R. Swanson, all Swede 
 men. Hon. M. O. Williamson, a Swede, and formerly treasurer of the state of 
 Illinois, is president of the People's Trust and Savings bank, of which bank, too. 
 Senator C. F. Hurburgh is a director, and Hon. A. W. Berggren for many 
 years has been and still is the efficient and respected vice-president of the Gales- 
 burg National bank. 
 
 Galesburg is favorably known far and wide as an educational center, and no 
 class of her citizens, not excepting the original settlers who made it a school and 
 college community, have benefited more by its halls and avenues of learning, than 
 
' - '-: ^-.:' ; HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY :;//' 747 
 
 her Swedish population. To finish the grade and high school courses, is the 
 general practice of Galesburg young people, and many go on through college 
 and university, distinguishing themselves in scholarship, in professional and 
 higher walks of life, or win fame in the vocational affairs of men. 
 
 THE SCOTCH IN KNOX COUNTY . ;;-;j-;..;^; 
 
 ; "'-.:-''^;^ .'V'-Z /-'. .-.;.-' \-: -!;''- BY HUGH GREIG '''-.';-/..'/;'' '^ -'-'-' 
 
 One cannot, in any true sense, write a sketch of the Scottish born citizens who 
 live, or have lived, in this county without a fairly clear understanding of some 
 of the conditions which in a measure made the Scotchman what he is. 
 
 We must bear in mind that Scotland is a small country, in all, less than two- 
 thirds the size of Illinois. A large portion is comparatively barren moorland. 
 Farming, however, has always been fairly prosperous, and it is probably true 
 that in no equal area of equally good soil is so much put in and consequently in 
 no similar area is so much taken out. 
 
 I It is perhaps needless to say that nearly all the farmers are merely tenants, 
 but to an Illinois tenant this statement is somewhat misleading because many 
 farmers not only spend a lifetime on the same place, but there are families who 
 have occupied the same farm for several generations with a reasonable prospect 
 of continuing to do so. 
 
 But while farmers increased, farms did not; and though other industries gave 
 remunerative employment to increasing numbers, yet there remained an unwanted 
 fraction of the people for whom an outlet was needed, and found. Large numbers 
 migrated to the southern end of their own island, while even greater numbers 
 scattered themselves throughout the length and breadth of the British empire, 
 and in business, in science, in literature and even in halls of legislation in England, 
 in India, in Canada ; in short, in every British colony, they seemed to wield an 
 influence out of all proportion to their numerical strength. 
 
 -T In America, the "melting pot" of the nations, where the Scottish people 
 come into keen competition with the skilled and unskilled labor of two continents, 
 they seem to more than hold their own, and are not often engaged in the most 
 menial tasks which though honorable are not alluring. 
 
 There were, no doubt, numerous causes contributing to this way of getting on 
 in the world. As previously stated, their country was small and, on the whole, 
 infertile. Its climate was most capricious. Moreover, for centuries the Scots 
 were on anything but good terms with their richer and much more populous 
 neighbor kingdom on the south. All were more or less lawless ; there was be- 
 tween the two countries what might be called a neutral zone but which really 
 was a fighting zone. All tangible property belonged to the strongest band of 
 thieves. Such conditions led to much desultory warfare. The Scots, being the 
 weaker numerically, had, in order to hold their own, to become more persistent 
 and more shrewd in their wholesale stealing operations. Besides this noted 
 border warfare, on many occasions the armies of the two kingdoms came to- 
 gether in sanguinary conflict, sometimes on English, but more often on Scottish 
 
748 HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY 
 
 soil. Eventually, however, the weaker gained their independence, and in an after 
 century under a Scottish king, England and Scotland became one nation, though 
 not exactly one people. 
 
 It is possible this almost constant battle with adverse conditions whether it 
 be of climate, soil, poverty, a pugnacious neighbor Scot or little less pugnacious 
 Saxon from beyond the Tweed may have been a sort of education, an education 
 severe certainly, strenuous certainly, but perhaps the only kind suitable to the 
 people, place and time ; and in all the succeeding days, even until now, we see 
 its effects in a dour, canny, self-assertive, self-reliant people. 
 
 Perhaps no one thing so influenced and moulded the character of the Scottish 
 people as that great wave of religious reformation which touched and, to some 
 extent, changed the thought of the Christian world. In some countries of Europe, 
 the monarch embraced Protestantism and led his subjects in the same direction; 
 most notably the great Tudor Henry VIII of England gave to noble and peasant 
 alike a slightly changed religious system ; a church in many of its forms resem- 
 bling that of Rome, but with the Roman pontiff left out. The king himself be- . 
 coming the head of this newly constituted church, his people as a whole, clergy 
 and flock, high and low, meekly acquiesced. 
 
 How diflferent in Scotland, where a succession of weak and vacillating 
 Stuarts occupied the throne, and instead of being leaders were led, or rather 
 driven. The idea that the king should be the acknowledged head of the church 
 never became prevalent among the Scottish people. They had bowed the knee in 
 matters of religion to a foreign ecclesiastical autocrat, the yoke became irksome, 
 was discarded, and now they had no wish to substitute a king for a pope. But 
 alas, for the peace of Scotland ! This complete independence of the church from 
 all parliamentary meddling was not to the royal liking. Therefore, the mandate 
 went forth that a uniform ecclesiastical system must prevail from John O'Groats 
 to Lands End, and such system was to be Episcopalian. 
 
 Acquiescence, however, did not follow the mandate north of the Tweed. The 
 Scots respected royalty and were firm believers in the monarchical plan of gov- 
 ernment ; they were Christians, militant Christians, and Episcopacy, prelacy, 
 papacy, were to them almost synonymous terms, and leaving the question of 
 creed entirely out of sight (which, however, they did not do) not only the 
 ministers, but the vast majority of the common people were utterly opposed to any 
 system of church government which recognized any man as supreme head, be 
 he king or bishop. 
 
 It is no doubt true that during all the many years of ecclesiastical and doctrinal 
 readjustment, there were in Scotland, in the ministry and laity, excellent leaders. 
 At the same time, there were not only willing, but intelligent followers, men in 
 the full possession of the spirit of intellectual independence, claiming the right 
 of the individual to think, and having thought, to express his convictions. Among 
 those leaders, and chief among them, was he who never feared the face of man, he 
 of clear insight scholar, preacher, statesman, patriot John Knox measured, 
 by today's standard, stern, exacting, intolerant, but in his day and generation, 
 liberal. To John Knox, more than to any other man, is Scotland indebted for 
 its excellent system of education. It is not, of course, to be supposed that Knox 
 could look adown the vista of the centuries and see the means supplied whereby 
 
>; - HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY ^; 749 
 
 every child, poor and rich, would be equally favored with school privileges. Nor 
 is it to be understood that he found his fellow country-men wholly illiterate, 
 for the congregations who gladly heard his preaching and as gladly applauded 
 when he personally took to task his and Scotland's queen, the clever, witty, 
 wayward Mary Stuart, were not dullards. They were the same people who, 
 with Knox and other scholarly leaders, gave to their country that most logical 
 ecclesiastical republican system known as Presbyterianism a system that in a 
 very large measure compelled them almost to a man, and woman, to acquaint 
 themselves not only with the doctrines, but also with the polity of the church ; 
 and building even better than they knew, this same spirit of doctrinal research, 
 in after years, divided the Presbyterians into sects, the members of each feeling 
 that all were in duty bound to argue the point, with all comers. The writer has, 
 in his boyhood days, heard many earnest and lengthened discussions in which 
 the scriptures, from Genesis to Revelation, were ransacked for quotations which, 
 it was hoped, would overwhelm an opponent. 
 
 As to the ministers, they were very largely recruited from the homes of a 
 thrifty, self-denying and comparatively poor peasantry. They were well educated, 
 were invariably college men, so that in their intellectual equipment they had, in 
 their respective communities, no superiors; although, because of the critical 
 spirit prevailing, their parishioners were wont to quote the lines of Burns : 
 
 ; .: '^- . v^ : "What's a' the jargon o' your schools : ' . "v.' i/vl . 
 ','.' ^^''^^'.y'-- ''] Your Latin names for horns and stools, ;';:^;^ -'-/'': ^' 
 
 :;'''/; . -: .: If honest nature made ye fools . : '-j^ ^:'^- " -.v' 
 
 V r-;; ',;\-'' What sairs your grammars!" . ' v;-' \. :';,;; 
 
 > \'''\ '::.;' ,. , - ; : , ..'/..'.-. ':-V'-' 
 
 But none the less the minister was ever the chief man in the community, not only 
 on the Sabbath or other holy days, but every day, sharing in the simple joys 
 and comforting in the com.mon sorrows that befell the flock. The schoolmaster, 
 who in very truth was the school master, and the doctor, also college men, ranked 
 just a little lower than the clergy. Strange as it may seem to the man of today, 
 though the minister might know more of Hebrew, Greek and Latin than did his 
 hearers, yet King James' version of the English Bible was almost if not quite 
 as often read, carefully read and clearly understood, by the man at the anvil or 
 plough, as by any D.D. in Scotland or out of it. The shorter catechism, which 
 to the average boy or girl was not short, and anything but a pleasure to memorize, 
 yet memorized it must needs be. However, it is at least a comfort to know that 
 we were not required to understand it. 
 
 Such were some of the educative conditions which, for good or ill mentally, 
 morally and theologically, largely moulded the sturdy Scots, who, bidding adieu 
 to poor, but miich loved native land, crossed the ocean, and in the formative 
 period in the history of this commonwealth in some measure assisted in laying a 
 foundation, of which no superstructure needs to be ashamed. They brought with 
 them an inheritance of good physique, good moral fibre, a deeply religious turn of 
 mind, a willingness to work, a passion for saving. The Scotchman is a good 
 neighbor, a good friend, an outspoken, honorable enemy, a patriot in the old 
 home, a patriot in the new; in religion, conservative, in politics, decidedly pro- 
 
750 ., ' HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY 
 
 gressive. With him sparkling wit is a rarity, a peculiar grim humor uncommonly 
 common. 
 
 There also came with him, or in him, a strange glorification of the virtues of 
 strong drink. Though there were so-called unsociable individuals who eschewed 
 the cheering cup, yet on the whole, the national failing asserted itself and many 
 a transplanted Tam O'Shanter found at hand a Souter Johnny, who gladly with 
 him felt "O'er a' the ills o' life victorious." It is a matter for regret that our 
 peasant poet, while he did not originate the sentiment, yet he is quite largely to 
 blame for its perpetuation, thus, by his genius, making the convival habit almost 
 a virtue. It seems strange that he who on the farm of Mossgiel in his young, 
 ardent manhood and poethood .. r .:.;:...> :'..... 
 
 'l/>!^-^ ' "Walked in glory and in joy .; /'S:;! U:. ;.-.';.> 
 
 ; U;^: Following his plough upon the mountain side" 
 
 and at the same place and time could sing, and sing from the heart of the 
 
 "Wee, modest, crimson tipped flower" 
 could, and did also sing ' V. :\ : , 
 
 '/:":' "Fortune, if thou'll but gie rne still ; ' ;- 
 
 ;;V'_ ' . Hale breeks, a scone, and whisky gill . T ^ 
 
 *^ ' An' rowth o'rhyme tae rave at will V .;.'::,:, 
 
 ^ '" \f.. / Tak' a' the rest ./'''''. :^:''. '.^' ''' 
 
 ^;: ?. An' deal't aboot as thy blind skill , ^ r 
 
 '.'-:Xr Directs thee best." .;':. :v^^{;: /-;:/ 
 
 In this connection, it may be well to quote the remark of an Altona merchant, who 
 well knew and respected the first generation of Scots. Said he : 
 
 "They were sometimes hilariously happy on Saturday afternoons, but 
 all were good Presbyterians on Sunday." 
 
 And -'- ':;; '^-;Vv :../:);;;; V..,v 
 
 - -, i.' -.'_,- 
 
 :.,->;;;.- "In trading, cash was sometimes lacking, but credit never." ;. V>'- . 
 
 No doubt, the criticism in legard to the failing was just the recognition of 
 their honor equally so. 
 
 The early settlers on these prairies, come from where they might, suffered 
 many privations. The Scots, unused to the excessive summer heat apd the 
 equally excessive winter cold, occasionally, no doubt, wished themselves in the 
 "land of the mountain and the flood," but the wish remained a wish, and as new 
 arrivals came, the loneliness gradually passed away. 
 
 Between 1835 and 1855, nearly all of the Scottish people who have been 
 residents of this county arrived, and though they can be found in various sections, 
 yet it is only the northern part of Copley township that can truly be called a 
 Scottish settlement. 
 
 And to some it may appear strange that not until the eighties did the Scottish 
 residents of this vicinity, led by a few of the more intense lovers of the "land of 
 brown heath," from themselves into a Caledonian society which enjoyed a short 
 if not uneventful existence. 
 
 The annual meetings were, with one exception, held on the anniversary of the 
 birth of Scotland's peasant poet ; he who, by his genius, gave to our Lallan tongue, 
 a name and place in the world's literature. A name and fame which must en- 
 
:':' HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY vV; 751 
 
 dure seeing that he has in his own beautiful simple words, with a master hand, 
 touched the universal heart. And when we foregathered, we often spoke of the 
 poet's birth, that birth in the "auld clay biggin' " when the "Janwar win' blew 
 hansel in on Robin"; and though the midwinter night might be such 
 
 :v./vr '.?'';.' ",'- "That a child might understand . . v.,. "-;v -;: 
 
 The Deil had business on his hand" . . ,.-'-- 
 
 yet to us, for the time being, a loyal, happy band of Scots, ,'V'" 
 
 The minutes winged their way with pleasure. ' 
 
 It was an evening of reminiscences, we each and all, who were to the man- 
 ner born in memory, saw the lonely height and home, the mist-covered mountain, 
 the deep-wooded glen, the far-reaching stretches of unsullied purple heather; 
 and it often seems to the writer that we, who have spent our days, few or 
 many, on this, our most prosaic prairie, can hardly imagine the exquisite pleas- 
 ure that comes to the average Scot of whatever station when he sees the rural 
 beauties of his native land, when in the words of Burns ', 
 
 'For nature's charms the hills and woods, .\ % .. , Ji-. 
 
 The flow'ry dells, the foaming floods 
 
 Are free alike to a'; : . ' 
 
 On Braes when we please, then, - :. 
 We'll sit and sowth a tune, .; 
 
 - : " ;':>^ V^r _ Syne rhyme tilt we'll time tilt ; -; 
 
 ,; ;^ ; V, .{ And sing't whan we hae dune." 
 
 And someone who called to mind his crook and plaid hummed, if but to 
 himself, the moorland ditty ;-'.:; 
 
 ,:^;.y- v/':;'. '. "Ca' the yowes tae the knowes, .. ' > ~ : .-'"v'J? ';^^^ 
 
 Ca' them whaur the heather grows, K^ ^ , ,':':<-'.^'-v ;;;';: 
 
 Ca' them whaur the burnie rowes, ',.- 
 ^ ';.;:> My bonnie dearie." 
 
 Then hand in hand the various circles, in unison, feelingly sang: V. '..:.='.".':.':;'. 
 
 ^^;'. ':;;'-';::- "Should auld acquaintance be forgot, /; ^- ; '':^ v-' '^^'^ ' ;. ' 
 
 ;.//'.: And never brought to min', ; ^ / \.\;.' ;; r; ^:J^'>1;. : 
 
 -' i;^ ' Should auld acquaintance be forgot, ;y ; ' .if A^'i/VA , V 
 
 days o' lang syne." . . , .i -. v.- .. . 
 
 But in the passing of the older Scots the society lost the enthusiasm of 
 numbers and for some years no meetings were held; but in the late summer 
 of 1904 we and our descendants, in all about one hundred, again came together . 
 at Craig-Knowe farm and had as speaker for the occasion. Rev. Hamilton 
 Spence, who was most assuredly in the spirit on that day, for such winning 
 eloquence, such a masterly mingling of pathos and pleasantry will not be by 
 us forgotten; and as the autumn sun sped toward the glowing west 
 
 .>;:...-;. V ^ "We each took off our several way, . . . - ' ./'^ v 
 
 :r.;V ;/'.-'>.;'.' Resolved to meet some other day." ' ; .--:'-/' 
 
; 752 ; ;^^ HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY 
 
 ... By far the larger percentage of the immigrants became farmers, though 
 quite a number engaged in mercantile pursuits, and others, with their well- 
 
 trained hands, well trained by the now almost obsolete apprentice system, se- 
 
 cured for themselves a competence. Back to the soil was not at that time a 
 common cry; however it was to the soil they nearly all went, and they were 
 wise or fortunate in selecting exceptionally good land. It may not have been 
 scientifically, but it was at least carefully farmed, and for many years the 
 crops were sufficiently abundant, and even though prices were low and mar- 
 kets distant the early education in thriftiness which nearly all had inherited or 
 
 ' acquired in the old home made them "contented wi' little and cantie wi' mair." 
 Nevertheless this constant moneyless condition became monotonous and per- 
 haps exasperating, as this recorded incident will show: Some guid wife had 
 been, perhaps not for the first time, reminded that she ought to be a little 
 'more saving, and replied: "Oh, it's hain whan ye hae an' it's hain whan ye 
 
 : haena ; it's a deil o' a hainin'." The significance of this anecdote is not applic- 
 able to the women alone, for the hainin' was necessarily practiced both indoors 
 and out, and it is well known that the women of the settlement were in every 
 true sense worthy helpmeets not only in the saving but also in the making, for 
 were the fathers, brothers, husbands unusually busy in the field a most willing 
 and often a strong hand from indoors kindly came and such were, as a rule, 
 quite as able to grace a harvest field as "ben the hoose." 
 
 ; Many of the settlers had been brought up in houses in Scotland which were 
 
 ' neither comfortable nor convenient. They had but few ideas and almost no 
 experience in house erection, and when, with the help of neighbors, they un- 
 
 dertook to build, with logs or even a frame house, they were handling ma- 
 - terials wholly new to them ; and the finished product was not always a thing 
 
 of beauty or convenience ; but it was a home, it was their own, and these were 
 comforting thoughts ; thoughts that greatly modified their homesickness. The 
 outbuildings were usually of a type even more primitive than the houses, and 
 it has been said that when barn accumulations became troublesome they moved 
 the barn. :/;>:? 
 
 Postoffices, while not so distant as markets, were not at all convenient, and 
 they were not much needed; letter writing, while not a lost art, was not much 
 practiced. There was nothing very exciting to write about and a more potent 
 reason was the great cost of postage, especially when compared with the aver- 
 age income. It is well known that there were isolated cases where letters re- 
 mained in the hands of the postmaster for many weeks after they were known 
 to be there solely because of the lack of money to pay the postage. When, as 
 
 . is most likely, such letters were from loved ones in the far away home we can 
 
 form some idea of the scarcity of ready money. Of course daily newspapers 
 
 . were unheard of, even weeklies were rare; the magazine for the prairie was 
 
 yet to be. The peripatetic book man of other days was missing and missed, but 
 
 ; in every home, however poor, there was at least one book, the Bible, containing 
 the Old' and New Testaments with Psalms in meter, Scottish version, and its 
 unique worth in private estimation is shown by the fact that it was often re- 
 ferred to in speaking of family worship as "taking the Book." 
 
 Coming as they did from a land where a community without a church was 
 
 . unknown, it was felt as a peculiar deprivation that they could not, as Pres- 
 
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 11 
 
 93 
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 C/5 
 
 O 
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 n 
 
 K 
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 r 
 
 O 
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752 HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY 
 
 By far the larger percentage of the immigrants became farmers, though 
 quite a number engaged in mercantile pursuits, and others, with their well- 
 trained hands, well trained by the now almost obsolete apprentice system, se- , 
 cured for themselves a competence. Back to the soil was not at that time a 
 common cry; however it was to the soil they nearly all went, and they were ' ; 
 wise or fortunate in selecting exceptionally good land. It may not have been - . 
 scientifically, but it was at least carefully farmed, and for many years the ; 
 croi)s were sufficiently abundant, and even though i)rices were low and mar- . 
 kets distant the early education in thriftiness which nearly all had inherited or . 
 ac(|uired in the ohl home made them "contented wi' little and cantie wi' niair." 
 Nevertheless this constant moneyless condition became monotonous and per- 
 ha])s e.\asi)erating. as this recorded incident will show: Some guid wife had .". 
 been, perha])s not for tlie first time, reminded that she ought to be a little : 
 more saving, and replied : "Oh. it's hain whan ye hae an' it's hain whan ye 
 haena : it's a deil o' a liainin'." The significance of this anecdote is not applic- 
 able to the women alone, for the hainin' was necessarily practiced both indoors 
 and out, and it is well known that the women of the settlement were in every ". , 
 true sense worthy heljMueets not only in the saving but also in the making, for : 
 were the fathers, brothers, husbands unusually busy in the field a most willing . : 
 and often a strong hand from indoors kindly came and stich were, as a rule, . 
 quite as able to grace a harvest field as "ben the boose." - 
 
 Many of the settlers had been brought u]) in houses in Scotland which were ' 
 neitber comfortable nor convenient. They bad but few ideas and almost no 
 experience in bouse erection, and when, with the help of neighlwrs. they un- .' 
 dertook to build, with logs or even a frame house, they were handling ma- 
 terials wholly new to them ; and the finished product was not always a thing . 
 of beatity or convenience: but it was a home, it was their own. and these were 
 comforting thoughts: thoughts that greatly modified their homesickness. The 
 outl)uil(lings were tisually of a type even nKjre ])rimitive than the houses, and . 
 it has Ijeen said that when barn accumulations became troublesome they move'l ^ . 
 the barn. ! 
 
 Postofifices. while not so distant as markets, were not at all convenient, and .' 
 they were not much needed ; letter writing, while not a lost art. was not nnich 
 practiced. Tliere was nothing very exciting to write alxnit and a more potent ,_ 
 reason was the great cost of postage, especially when comjiared with the aver- 
 age incoyie. It is well known that there were isolated cases where letters re- 
 mained in the bands of the postmaster for man\ weeks after they were known 
 to be there solely because of tbe lack of money to pay tlie postage. When, as 
 is most likely, such letters were from loved ones in tbe far away liome we can 
 form some idea of the scarcity of ready money. Of course daily newspapers 
 were tuibea'-d of. even weeklies were rare: the magazine for the prairie was . 
 yet to be. Tbe peripatetic book man of other days was missing and missed, but 
 in every home, however i)oor. there was at least one book, the liible. containing .-. 
 the Old and Xew Testaments with I'salms in meter, Scottish version, and its 
 unique worth in private estimation is shown by the fact that it was often re- . 
 ferred to in s|)eaking of family worshij) as "taking the Book." . 
 
 Coming as they did from a land where a community without a church was 
 unknown, it was felt as a peculiar deprivation that they could not, as Pres- ; 
 
X 
 
 c 
 
 r. 
 
 7- 
 
 X 
 
 * * -^ * ^ *^ * J 
 
 "i^':^'^^ 
 
HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY V' 753 
 
 byterians, come together in a church of their own denomination and in some 
 old, ever new, song, with the precentor's aid 
 
 "Chant their artless notes in simple guise," 
 
 and not in the words of Heber, Watts, Wesley or even of the Scottish Bonar, 
 but in the crudely versified Psalms of David, in Dundee's 
 
 ^.,, ;- "Wild warbling measures rise ..-';. A- 
 
 'V V-,5^ - v; ': Or plaintive martyrs worthy of the name." 
 
 For a number of years in a most primitive appearing log structure used 
 as a schoolhouse situated on the south side of the Victoria road and some 
 three and one-half miles west of that village, a faithful few, when a minister 
 could be secured, met in public worship. In the course of time a frame building 
 was erected which served as schoolhouse and church, and although the occa- 
 sional preacher was usually a Presbyterian yet to some of the older attendants 
 it must have seemed rather strange and scarcely the proper thing to do, to in- 
 vite to preach, as they did, one who had been ordained as a Methodist, or even 
 one as Lyman B. Ferris, who, though respected and loved by the whole com- 
 munity, had never been ordained at all. 
 
 Although these occasional meetings were spiritually and socially profitable 
 and enjoyed as such, still the ideal ever present in the thought of the settlement 
 was their own church, their own manse, their own minister he who would 
 be to the little flock a shepherd indeed. Today, when customs and creeds are 
 equally elastic, it is somewhat amusing to hear of the peculiar experiences, in 
 church affairs, of the iconoclasts of that early day ; for instance, when a certain 
 musical enthusiast induced some of his young friends to join with him in organ- 
 izing a choir, and having succeeded, they, on a subsequent Sabbath, hymn books 
 in hand, presented themselves before the astonished congregation. The hymn was 
 announced ; there was a murmur of suppressed excitement and one of the fathers 
 in Israel marched out slamming the door, and otherwise letting it be known that 
 he disapproved of such sacrilegious conduct. 
 
 Even a day came when it was suggested that an org^n would greatly help in 
 the musical part of the services ; but ere the suggestion became more than such, 
 there were many earnest discussions concerning the sinfulness of the sin ; and 
 one not rigidly sanctimonious member gave them to understand that "tam so and 
 so and' Johnnie so an' so, and' me' we dinna believe in praising God wi' a 
 blaw o' win'." But the hymn book came, likewise the organ, likewise heaven's 
 blessings. And in the estimation of the community no greater blessing could be 
 given than that long hoped for, fervently prayed for, church home. 
 
 For although, in April, 1855, Rev. T. S. Vaile and R. C. Matthews, by au- 
 thority from the presbytery of Schuyler, organized the John Knox Presbyterian 
 church, the names of the first members of which are herewith given : William 
 Leighton, Janet McCornack, Elizabeth Kelley McCornack, Samuel McCornack, 
 Janet -Tait McCornack, Margaret McGymont, Mary Ann Gordon, James McCor- 
 nack, John McDowell, Sr., Agnes McDowell, Mary Miller McCornack, Lock- 
 hart Leighton, John McKie, Janet Stewart McKie, Robert McCornack, Peter 
 McClymont, John McConchie, Elizabeth McConchie, George Stephenson, Rich- 
 
 Vol. n 48 
 
754 i / HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY 
 
 ard Stuckey, Martha Jane Stuckey, Mary Wood, John Aberdeen, David Mc- 
 Conchie. Isabella Stephenson. 
 
 Trustees elected for one year: Peter McQymont, William McCornack, An- 
 drew McCornack, Peter Gordon, James McCornack. Elected deacon: Andrew ^.. 
 McCornack. ; 
 
 Samuel McCornack, Lockhart Leighton, Richard Stuckey were elected elders. 
 However, it was not until the spring of 1863, that, on land donated by James 
 Cook, the thankful congregation finally realized their* fondest hopes and saw 
 their own church occupying the site whereon had stood the log and frame ._. 
 schoolhouses both of which, by their associations, had been endeared to them. ' 
 
 The name given was an additional bond that bound as one, the old land and 
 the new. Here for nearly fifty years this Scottish community weekly assembled 
 in public worship. No doubt, during the services many hearts turned to the 
 auld hame, to the auld kirk, where all around the "mossy marbles" mutely marked .. ' 
 where -. , :. ,-..,.;- : .--:'. '-;.:. .''..;.^ 
 
 ; ' .-.'V "The rude forefathers of the hamlet sleep."! 
 
 The John Knox Presbyterian church, born of the desire of the Scottish im- 
 migrants to gather as a body of worshippers, lived its life a life of blessing to the 
 individual and to the community ; it ceased to exist as a structure, it even ceased 
 as an organization, but its influence has not and shall not cease. Many of 
 the members took their letters of dismissal and allied themselves with the church 
 of their choice in some nearby village; others moved to various parts of the 
 state; others to states farther west; and some, like the old church, ceased to be. 
 
 And yet must we not conclude that the spirit which animated the fathers, 
 that spirit which defied militant persecutors, who, with fire and sword for 
 decades, desolated Scotland, has not yet vanished from the land? Are there 
 now none who are willing to make sacrifices, to give life itself that the right to 
 worship God as they choose may not perish from the earth? 
 
 In this, an age of readjustment in matters of belief, do the Scots of today 
 forget their duty to the neighbor, be that neighbor in Knox county or in 
 Hindostan ? 
 
 Perhaps it is not too much to say that the Scots of today are still fairly 
 Christian in their ideals, fairly Christian in their daily living, fairly Christian in 
 their forgetfulness of the lapses of the yesterday, fairly Christian in their un- 
 faltering faith in the morrow. 
 
 Therefore, though the church itself is but a memory, even the original or- 
 ganization beyond human reconstruction, yet may not the scattered remnant 
 collectively or individually, in the words of Tennyson, look trustfully to ....... 
 
 ;'.-:i;;^ . "That God who ever lives and loves, . - 
 
 {^x' .: One God, one law, one element / : ' 
 
 -if^'' And one far off divine event ^ . , 
 
 :' = To which the whole creation moves." 
 
 It must have been, to the remaining few, a day of peculiar sadness, when 
 the purchaser of their old and loved church home began the work of demolition 
 and in truth they might have said, "The past rises before me like a dream.'* 
 
^V-.:;/: HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY 755 
 
 They remembered the daily self-denial on the part of the community as a whole, 
 a self-denial with one principal aim in view. They were willing to bear the 
 inconveniences and discomforts of their poorly built, poorly furnished homes, 
 and in time they gladly realized that the many littles made a meikle, and that 
 meikle became transformed into a church of their choice, and that assuredly was 
 well worth, not a day, but many days of self-denial, and afterwards of hearty 
 thanksgiving. 
 
 It is not to be inferred that at that time there was, among the settlers, any 
 
 real poverty, they were to slightly change the words of Burns "Weel fedy 
 
 weel clad, weel sarkit," but the money-getting opportunities on the prairie were 
 
 exceedingly limited, and the individual capital brought from Scotland was meager 
 
 enough, for by far the larger part of the immigrants were drawn from the 
 
 ranks of the smaller tenant farmers who, through the strictest economy, were in 
 
 comparatively easy circumstances, but found it impossible to furnish the means for 
 
 placing each member of the family in a position similar to their own. Such, 
 
 however, were well equipped to make their way in this new land ; theirs had been 
 
 a life of hard work, plain fare, and small pay ; such conditions, for a considerable 
 
 time, were much the same here; socially there was little, if any, change; in the 
 
 old home they met and mingled with their own class ; there being scarcely any 
 
 other here, they freely mingled as before. But a very few had received the 
 
 so-called higher education, yet as a rule a thorough schooling had not been 
 
 I!-, neglected and it is almost certain that there is not now, nor at any time has 
 
 been, in this county, a person of Scottish birth who is or was wholly illiterate. 
 
 As stated, but very few were highly educated, so that, in this respect, all were 
 
 j fv on a fairly good level, as in their intellectual, so in their moral and religious train- 
 
 .; ; ing, and this sameness manifested itself in the neighborly spirit that permeated 
 
 : and controlled the community; they seemed to share their joys and their sor- 
 rows. They shared their toil, and this kindly and mutual helpfulness in some 
 measure grew out of a mutual need, and this in turn developed that spirit of 
 
 ''' unfeigned hospitality, which is one of the most pronounced and redeeming traits 
 of the Scottish peasantry ; and though here but a transplanted virtue, it found a 
 congenial environment, so that not only relatives, friends, neighbors, but even 
 the stranger within the gates lacked not of aught which the humble prairie home 
 could grant. 
 
 They were equally neighborly in their recreations. As towns, villages and 
 dollars were scarce, they were compelled to furnish their own amusements, and 
 one that was much and often enjoyed was dancing, and it is quite probable 
 that it was indulged in oftener than was recommended by some of those who 
 
 . had lost the knack thereof. It also was a transplanted virtue or vice as the 
 case may be, and the vicinity seldom lacked some rustic violinist who perhaps 
 
 , knew as much of Greek as of musical notes, j'et he all the same with 
 
 '. .,-c './,;:''-; ; "Hornpipes, jigs, strathsplys and reels _ "-y ;.^ 
 
 /.^;^..iv^, .-'X-; ' Put life and mettle in their heels." , ... 
 
 And on other occasions, at social gatherings, the long winter evening was 
 most pleasantly spent at what was locally known as "sang aboot," and the songs 
 were almost invariably reminders of the land where 
 
756 HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY ., ,; : : 
 
 "The snawdrap and primrose the woodlands adorn ; 
 
 . And violets bathe in the (dew) o' the morn." : ... v. 
 
 Or Annie Laurie, Bonnie Boon, Afton Water, Coming Thro' the Rye, John 
 Anderson My Jo, and the parting song seldom failed to have the words: '.'.:-/ 
 
 "We twa hae paid 'It i' the burn A: ;;;:.-;'c- :^'.^V^"^^^^ 
 
 Frae morning sun til dine." \V '' i ,;; 
 
 r ' All of the.se various amusements the dance, the song, or what not were in .' ; 
 their rustic manner as eagerly pursued and as keenly enjoyed as such ever . : 
 could have been under what might be considered more favorable circumstances; ; : 
 but all were wholly weekday pleasures. When the Sabbath came it was Sab- '.['. 
 bath indeed. If anyone to himself or herself essayed to hum a tune there cer- V" 
 tainly was no hint of ragtime in it. Lips were so trained they could not take ;." 
 on, on that day, a whistling form; there was in all and over all a Sabbath sol- x' 
 emnity, and, as has been mentioned, for years previous to the erection of the ;./' 
 John Knox church services were held and attendance at public worship was vr 
 not a matter of good weather, good clothes or even of good intentions, but 
 was strictly a religious duty. They brought with them from over the sea some ^. 
 national failings, and may have acquired a few after their arrival, but non-at- ; , 
 tendance at church on the Sabbath day was not one of them. There was, how- .; 
 ever, as shown by the records, an occasional individual who for some reason, ; 
 or for no reason, absented himself even for years from church, and it being S'^' 
 the duty of the session to advise, admonish, indeed, so far as possible, compel " 
 the recalcitrant member to at least assume the virtue of attending divine serv- / 
 ices, and, by holding the sword of excommunication over the guilty head, an 
 apparent, if not a real change of heart usually took place. I " ... - : ' .. 
 
 It is, however, a pleasure to note that the labors of the elders were not ?. 
 greatly increased on this account. - , 
 
 In the reference on a previous page to the school master it is feared that .; 
 some may have received the impression that he was in his sphere a tyrant, and ' 
 it is no doubt true that there were, in that profession, men who were patience- :.; 
 less, tactless, overbearing, even cruel, as there are such in all the grades from 
 the prince to the pauper, inclusive, but in their life and life's work they were 
 worthy of honor, respect, love, as earnest, capable, Christian gentlemen ; it is 
 also true that in the schoolroom their word was law, they were clothed with 
 more than a little brief authority, but such authority was simply on a par with 
 that in the home. The phrase, the life's work, may to some appear meaning- 
 less when we note that teachers of to-day, in a way, resemble birds of passage, 
 changing schools as they might garments. I well remember the master from 
 whom I received my school training. He had been in the same position for 
 years previous to my school days and for many years afterwards, and from the 
 same school within a short time a teacher voluntarily retired after an incum- 
 bency of more than forty years. It is small wonder that the teacher ranked 
 high as a component part of the community, for besides his scholarly acquire- 
 ments, which were of a high order, he shared with the minister in the moral 
 and spiritual training of the .young. Therefore in the matter of doctrinal sound- 
 ness he had to be like Caesar's wife, above suspicion ; and it is little less wonder 
 
HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY 
 
 757 
 
 that in all of their world-wide wanderings these teachers never lost sight of 
 many a gifted and longer lived "Geordie Hoo." The pen picture of the "Dom- 
 sie" by Ian McLaren, while faultlessly truthful, is not at all unique. Many 
 of us can call from memory's "land of used to be" just such another, so that 
 we can most heartily appreciate the beautiful little poem, and bless the author, 
 Dr. John H. Finley, for putting into rhyme and that in our own loved dialect, 
 "The Retirement of Domsie." 
 
 '^-"^ V- .; y .: "Dear Domsie has slippit awa', .,.*!. ^' '.^ >V-^- 
 V;.^ v' ; ' ' He's silently gane frae the glen; ^-^ . ^:'v^' :'v^;, 
 ,;;.., V.' .1 He heard i' the nicht a voice ca', ;, .v ,J .\ : rv-ir" I'.- '^ 
 Guid servant and faithfu', 'Come, Ben.'" . i'-^V^^-'^- 
 and concluding: V "-^^ ^ ''k '; 
 "Whan I maun gang oot frae myglen; '-': 'j ^j^;--^ 
 An' owre strange hills I maun fare, . %;! -i'^'b ''- . 
 I pray to meet Domsie again . .>-' >-:-r*^ 
 Whaur skails the bit schule nevermair." ' 
 
 The following is a list of people of Scottish birth who are, or have been, 
 residents of Knox county, and, while not strictly accurate in names or dates, 
 is approximately so: 
 
 ' ,. ' ' FROM COUNTY OF AYR AND DATE ARRIVAL IN AMERICA ', : ' 
 
 A .^. . 
 Allen, Mrs ............. . . ..... 1853 
 
 Andrew, Thomas .............. 1855 
 
 Andrew, John ................. 1855 
 
 Andrew, Hugh ................ 1855 
 
 Andrew, Mrs. Hugh ............ 1855 
 
 Anderson, James .............. 1860 
 
 Anderson, Mrs. James .......... 1860 
 
 Anderson, James, Jr ............ 1860 
 
 Anderson, A. B ................ 1852 
 
 B,. ,....., :^^.^_.,, -,.,-. 
 
 Boyd, James ........ .......... 1857 
 
 . Baird, Hugh .................. 1868 
 
 Baird, Thomas ................ 1875 
 
 r^-./-.;v .-.: _c __ '^ -v,..^ -- . .. 
 
 ' - V^ ' ' ' - ' 
 
 Collinson, Mrs ................. 1849 
 
 Dougan, Hugh ............. ... 1855 
 
 Dougan, John ................. 1855 
 
 Dougan, Mrs .................. 1855 
 
 Dougan, Mrs. James ........... 1857 
 
 Doak, John .................... 1848 
 
 Doak, Mrs. John ............... 1853 
 
 Dougan, Gilbert ............... 1855 
 
 Dougan, James ................ 1855 
 
 Gibson, James ................ 1856 
 
 Gibson, Mrs. James ............ 1856 
 
 Griffith, Mrs. William ........... 1856 
 
 Gemmel, Thomas .............. 1856 
 
 Greig, Hugh .................. 1866 
 
 Gehring, Mrs. Christian ......... 1856 
 
 H ::..- 
 Hobbs, Mrs. John ...... . ....... 1856 
 
 Hobbs, Mrs. Thomas ............ 1855 
 
 Hamilton, Andrew ............. 1852 
 
 Hamilton, David ............... 1852 
 
 Hansen, Mrs. Swan ............. 1874 
 
 Hansen, Jean ................. 1874 
 
 Hurst, Mrs. John .............. 1850 
 
 Howie, Mrs ................... 1850 
 
 _J_ ^-V., 
 
 Johnston, Mrs. Joseph.. ........ 1857 
 
 Johnston, Mrs. Joseph ........... 1880 
 
 Jennings, Mrs ................. 1853 
 
 L ;v;-..;. 
 Logan, John ............. . ____ 1880 
 
758 
 
 HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY 
 
 ; -: _M ./>..;> 
 
 Meikle, James 1880 
 
 Morrison, Matthew 1853 
 
 Morrison, Alexander 1848 
 
 : Morgan, John 1853 
 
 Morgan, Charles 1853 
 
 Morgan, Robert 1853 
 
 Morgan, William 1853 
 
 Morgan, Mrs. A. D 1860 
 
 Morgan, A. D 1853 
 
 Main, Andrew 1853 
 
 . Main, Mrs. William 1853 
 
 Main, William 1853 
 
 Montgomery, Thomas 1860 
 
 , Montgomery, Mrs. Thomas 1856 
 
 , Main, Peter 1855 
 
 Main, Mrs. Peter 1855 
 
 Main, James 1860 
 
 . Morgan, James 1853 
 
 Murdoch, Thomas 1850 
 
 '. Murdoch, Mrs. Thomas 1850 
 
 ' Murdoch, Francis 1850 
 
 : Murdoch, James 1850 
 
 .-:%:,.--.-,, Me . . ,.,: ; . 
 
 McMaster, George 1850 
 
 McMaster, Thomas 1850 
 
 V McKie; William 1840 
 
 McKie, Mrs. William 1840 
 
 . McKie, Thomas 1843 
 
 V McKie, Mrs. Thomas 1854 
 
 McKie, John 1849 
 
 McKie, Mrs. John 1849 
 
 McKie, Robert 1849 
 
 Mcllrick, Helen 1850 
 
 ! McGaan, William 1857 
 
 McGaan, Mrs. William 1857 
 
 V McGaan, James 1857 
 
 ; McQuarrie, Alan 1850 
 
 McQuarrie, Mrs. Alan 1850 
 
 McMaster, John 1850 
 
 McMaster, Mrs. John 1850 
 
 . McMaster, John 1850 
 
 - McMaster, James 1850 
 
 . : McMaster, David 1850 
 
 "' McCulloch, Mrs. William. 1856 
 
 ' McCulloch, James i86i 
 
 McCulloch, Mrs. James. :'...... .1861 
 
 McCulloch, Douglas i86i 
 
 McCulloch, John i86i 
 
 McCulloch, Agnes i86i - 
 
 McCulloch, Janet i86i - . 
 
 McDonald, Mrs 1858 ' 
 
 McCornack, Mrs. Robert 1857 " 
 
 McClymont, Peter 1844 
 
 McSkimming, Hugh , . 1856 . 
 
 McMillan, James 1878 
 
 Mcllraith, John 1890 X 
 
 McSkimming, Mrs. Hugh 1856 ^ 
 
 McSkimming, William 1856 
 
 McSkimming, Hugh 1856 J; 
 
 Parker, Mrs ...'... 1865 ' 
 
 Peacock, Andrew 1857 - 
 
 Regan, John 1842 - 
 
 Regan, Mrs. John 1842 
 
 Stewart, Charles 1853 , 
 
 Stewart, Mrs. Charles 1852 ^ 
 
 Stephenson, Mrs. George 1864 
 
 Simpson, David 1857 
 
 Smith, Mrs. Joseph 1857 
 
 T 
 Tower, Mrs .'; . . . 1856 
 
 Whannel, Peter ......1857 
 
 Whannel, Thomas 1857 
 
 Whannel, Robert 1857 
 
 Whannel, Mrs. John 1857 
 
 Whannel, John 1857 
 
 Whannel, John 1857 
 
 Walkenshaw, Mrs 1853 
 
 Wallace, David 1854 
 
 Wallace, Mrs. David 1854 
 
 Wallace, Alexander 1854 
 
 Wallace, John 1854 
 
 FROM COUNTY OF ABERDEEN 
 
 Chalmers, George S 1872 
 
 Stephenson, George 1850 
 
HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY 
 
 759 
 
 FROM COUNTY OF BANFF 
 
 Mackintosh, George D 1860 
 
 FROM COUNTY OF ELGIN 
 
 Davidson, William 1858 
 
 Innes, Mr 1^56 
 
 McL. Davidson, Peter 1880 
 
 McL. Davidson, Mrs. Peter 1880 
 
 McL. Davidson, Mrs. Peter 1909 
 
 McKay, Mrs. William 1890 
 
 McKay, William 1890 
 
 Murdock. George A 1857 
 
 Phimster, Mr 1856 
 
 FROM COUNTY OF KINCARDINE 
 
 Aberdeen, John 1852 
 
 Leighton, John 1850 
 
 Leighton, John A 1835 
 
 Leighton, Lockhart 1850 
 
 Leighton, Mrs. Lockhart 1850 
 
 Leighton, Mrs. Lockhart 1852 
 
 Leighton, William 1835 
 
 Leighton, Mrs. William 1835 
 
 Stpphenson, Mrs. William 1852 
 
 Wood, Alexander 1852 
 
 Wallace, Mrs. John 1852 
 
 FRQM COUNTY OF KIRKCUDBRIGHT 
 
 Anderson, Mrs. A. B 1857 
 
 Gordon, Peter 1847 
 
 Gordon, Mrs. Peter 1845 
 
 Hamilton, Mrs. David 1850 
 
 McCornack, Mr 1837 
 
 McComack, Mrs 1837 
 
 McCornack, James .1 1835 
 
 McCornack, Mrs. James 1835 
 
 McCornack, Robert 1837 
 
 McCornack, Mrs. Robert 1837 
 
 McCornack, Samuel 1839 
 
 McComack, Mrs. Samuel 1839 
 
 McCornack, William 1839 
 
 McCornack, James 1839 
 
 McCornack, Margaret 1839 
 
 McCornack, Alexander 1839 
 
 McCornack, Mrs. Alexander 1839 
 
 McCartney, Mr 1850 
 
 McConchie, Mrs. Robert 1850 
 
 McCuIloch, Jane 1865 
 
 McCulloch, Jennie 1865 
 
 McCulloch, William 1857 
 
 McQuie, Peter ..... ... ......... 1857 
 
 McQuie, Mrs. Peter ---- . ........ 1857 
 
 McQuie, John ...... ............ 1857 
 
 McQuie, William ---- ........... 1857 
 
 McCulloch, John ................ 1865 
 
 McCulloch, Mrs. John ........... 1865 
 
 Muir, Thomas .................. 1839 
 
 Rodecker, Mrs .................. 1850 
 
 Reid, Samuel ........... ........ 1850 
 
 Stephenson, James .............. 1850 
 
 Stephenson, George L ........... 1850 
 
 Stephenson, William ............. 1850 
 
 Stephenson, Andrew ............. 1850 
 
 Scott, Robert ............... ^ ____ 1850 
 
 Tait, Peter ..................... 1845 
 
 Tait, Huston ................... 1845 
 
 Tait, John ..................... 1845 
 
 Tait, William .................. 1845 
 
 Talbot, Mrs. William ............ 1850 
 
 FROM COUNTY OF LANARK 
 
 Cation, James .................. 1843 
 
 Cation, Mrs. James ............. 1852 
 
 Cation, William ................. 1843 
 
 Cation, Mrs. William ........... 1843 
 
 Colville, George ............ ____ 1851 
 
 Colville, William ................ 1851 
 
 Colville, Robert ................. 1850 
 
 McLean, Mr .................. . . 1884 
 
 Reid, David .................... 1858 
 
 Thompson, Mr .................. 1884 
 
 FROM COUNTY OF LINLITHGOW 
 
 Cook, Mrs. James ............... 1851 
 
 FROM COUNTY OF PERTH 
 
 Robertson, Daniel ............... 1828 
 
 Robertson, Alexander ........... 1828 
 
 FROM COUNTY OF ROXBURGH 
 
 Cook, James ................... 1852 
 
 Scott, T. A .................... 1880 
 
 Stothart, Henry 
 
 FROM COUNTY OF STIRLING 
 
 Johnston, James ................ 1882 
 
 FROM COUNTY OF WIGTON 
 
 Black, Mrs. William ............. 1854 
 
 Brown, Mrs. B. F ............... 1863 
 
 Burt, Mrs. John ................ 1863 
 
760 
 
 HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY 
 
 Dougan, Mrs. Gilbert 1857 
 
 Greig, Mrs. Hugh 1868 
 
 Johnston, Joseph 1852 
 
 Johnston, Williatm 1862 
 
 Kester, Mrs. Charles 1852 
 
 Logg, William 1856 
 
 Logg, Mrs. William 1856 
 
 Logg, James 1856 
 
 Logg, William 1856 
 
 Logg, John 1856 
 
 Logg, Elizabeth 1856 
 
 Mackintosh, Mrs. Geo. D 1861 
 
 McConnel, William 1878 
 
 McConnel, Mrs. William 1878 
 
 McConnel, Alexander 1878 
 
 McConnel, James 1878 
 
 McConnel, David 1878 
 
 McConnel, John 1878 
 
 McConnel, Joseph 1878 
 
 McConnel, Albert 1878 
 
 McConnel, Jessie 1878 
 
 McConnel, Mary 1878 
 
 McLean, William 1869 
 
 McLean, Mrs. William 1869 
 
 McLean, James 1869 
 
 McLean, John 1869 
 
 McLean, Maggie 1869 
 
 McLean, Mary 1869 
 
 McLean, Elizabeth 1869 
 
 McConnel, William 
 
 McConnel, Mrs. William 
 
 McKie, Mrs. Robert 1856 
 
 McConchie, David 1850 
 
 !McConchie, Mrs. David 1850 
 
 McConchie, Robert 1857 
 
 McConchie, Mrs. Robert 1857 
 
 McConchie, Alexander 1857 
 
 McConchie, David 1857 
 
 McConchie, William 1857 
 
 McConchie, John. 1854 
 
 McConchie, Mrs. John ...1854 
 
 McConchie, John 1854 
 
 McConchie, James 1854 
 
 McConchie, Samuel 1854 
 
 McConchie, Agnes 1854 
 
 McConchie, John 1854 
 
 McDowell, John 1848 
 
 McDowell, Mrs. John 1848 
 
 McDowell, John 1848 
 
 McDowell, Mrs. John 1848 
 
 McKissock, Peter 1872 
 
 Matteson, Mrs. Charles 1863 
 
 Milroy, John 1850 
 
 Milroy, Mrs. John 1850 
 
 Milroy, Samuel 1850 
 
 Milroy, Mrs. Samuel 1850 
 
 Milroy, Alexander 1850 
 
 Milroy, Alexander 1850 
 
 Milroy, Mrs. Alexander 1850 
 
 Milroy, Mrs. Alexander 1850 
 
 Olmstead, Mrs 1863 
 
 Peacock, Mrs. Andrew 1860 
 
 Ross, David 1863 
 
 Ross, Mrs. David 1863 
 
 Ross, James 1863 
 
 Ross, William , 1863 
 
 Ross, Jessie 1863 
 
 Scott, John iSs) 
 
 Scott, Mrs. John 1851 
 
 Scott, Alexander 1851 
 
 Scott, Mrs. Alexander 1851 
 
 Sweeny, Peter 1860 
 
 Sweeny, William 1860 
 
 Sweeny, Mrs. William 1860 
 
 Sweeny, John 1860 
 
 l. . 
 
 THE NEGRO PEOPLE 
 
 A history of the people of Knox county would be far from complete without 
 some account of the negroes. In fact, when we come to consider the different 
 races that have homes here, the negro race is of scarcely less importance than any 
 other one race. Not perhaps on account of the work it has done or on account of 
 any place it has filled in this county from an economic viewpoint, but rather 
 
'^ - "^ -'' HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY -^ 761 
 
 because its history here is supplemental to conditions and experiences which 
 were at the bottom of a civilization which had been developing in one-half of the 
 whole United States for two hundred years. The influence of negro slavery 
 can be seen in old colonial life of Virginia, Maryland and the Carolinas and 
 wherever that life existed. It may be difficult to imagine that the courtly man- 
 ners, the quiet dignity, the almost limitless hospitality which characterized the 
 southern colonial gentleman had its origin largely in the unrequited toil of an 
 inferior race. Of course climatic conditions always play a part in moulding the 
 character of a race; but beyond all this, the fact that the institution of slavery 
 gave leisure and therefore refinement to the whole household still remains. The 
 financially successful owners of slaves had much less to do than their northern 
 brethren who not only contended with a more vigorous climate but looked wholly 
 after their own personal matters upon which their subsistence and that of their 
 families depended. The leisure that was enjoyed in the southern colonial home 
 was spent largely in the entertainment of friends. Th social side of life was 
 the principal element in which he lived and the largest contribution that came 
 to this state of existence came from the negro slave. This life had been moulding 
 the southern character for generations. 
 
 But let it be said of the negro slave, that the institution of slavery did not 
 inure to the sole benefit of the white men. The negro received a certain benefit 
 also. Some of them lived on, comparatively, quite intimate terms with their 
 masters and derived much intellectual benefit thereby. And it would seem that 
 in no other way can we account for the phenomenal advancement of the race 
 since the limiting influences of slavery have been removed. The progress of 
 the black man in the United States has been almost as remarkable in the last 
 half century as the progress of the Japanese in Japan and if we consider the 
 races from the standpoint of general improvement and not the military side, we 
 may reasonably give the negro first place. The number of homes that the 
 negroes have made for themselves, the farms that they have acquired, the pro- 
 fessions they have adopted, the wealth they have gained, not only as a people, 
 but as individuals (some of them are really wealthy), all speak most hopefully 
 of and for the future of our colored citizens. 
 
 Truly, then, a consideration of the negro race in Knox county will be of 
 especial interest. 
 
 This consideration, however, is attended with more or less difficulty. The 
 first comers left little or no record of their doings. Most of them have passed 
 away and those who are still living have rather poor or uncertain memories, so 
 that anything like exact or authentic accounts are hard to get. Generally speak- 
 ing, the negroes have been unskilled day laborers in this county. Some have 
 been masons, some carpenters, and others contractors. We are pleased to present 
 the following article by Mr. Lewis .C. Carter, one of our most respected citizens 
 of the negro race: 
 
 ' . ....... . . ;-^: .r;,, i;='''-?X':' 
 
 ; / V. /-' ;,;;.4 THE NEGRO RACE BY MR. LEWIS c. CARTER '' r^''/ ;^'-^. ;". 
 
 Among the first of the negro people coming to Knox county before the civil 
 war were Harry Van Allen and Susan Van Allen, his wife. They came some 
 time about the year 1840. They were free people and if they were ever slaves. 
 
762 ; : HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY 
 
 the writer never knew it. Being the only colored people in Galesburg at that 
 time, they were very prominent. Mrs. Van Allen was a member of the old 
 First church. Mr. Van Allen died some time in the fifties. 
 
 Two children were born to them, Mary and Owen Van Allen. Owen Van 
 Allen became a barber, following the trade of his father. He is now living in 
 the west. Mary died some years ago. 
 
 Some years after the death of her husband, Mrs. Van Allen was married to 
 Mr. Thomas Richardson, being his second wife. Thomas Richardson was also 
 among the early colored people of Galesburg, He and his first wife, were about 
 the second arrivals in Galesburg of the colored people. Mr. Richardson 
 became a prominent and useful citizen of Knox county. His home was on the 
 corner of West and Ferris streets where the Galesburg Electric Light and Power 
 company's plant now stands. The property passed out of the hands of the Rich- 
 ardsons a few years ago. Mr. Richardson was well known as a good farmer and 
 a very capable teamster. He had eight children, four sons and four daughters and 
 all grew to manhood and womanhood. The boys were Tilford, Samuel, Ben- 
 jamin and Richard ; the daughters, Angeline, Janet, Clarissa, and Prodine. Farm- 
 ing was the principal occupation of the sons. They were well known in the city 
 and county for years. Samuel owned property in the northwest corner of section 
 nine, Galesburg township. As far as known, all of the first family of children 
 are dead. Some of the grandchildren are living. Alfred Richardson 
 still resides in this city. He has been a trusted night watchman of 
 the Chicago, Burlington & Quincy Railroad company for many years, and his 
 devotion to duty has given him an enviable reputation. It is said of him that he 
 is known to the tramps who swarm in this part of the state as a man who permits 
 no lounging about the company's buildings or yard. He has served several terms 
 on the police force of the city with equal credit. 
 
 The Searles family was one of the largest of the early colored families. The 
 old gentleman, Mr. Francis Searles, was born in Steward county, Georgia, March 
 8. 1772. He was a white man. His wife. Mrs. Polly Searles. was born in the 
 same county and state and was a colored woman. They left their native state in 
 the year 1847 and came to Galesburg where they made their home until he died, 
 in 1875. For a time they lived on South Chambers street. He bought the old 
 Chappell farm situated one mile northwest of Galesburg, where he was living 
 at the time of his death. His wife followed him a few years after. Their family 
 consisted of three sons and six daughters and they all reached mature ages, 
 and they stood well among their people. James Matteson Searles, the oldest son, 
 was an expert in well-digging and laying sewer. His son George W. Searles was 
 a graduate of Knox college. John Adams Searles, the youngest son, moved to 
 Kansas and settled upon a farm belonging to one of his sisters, where he died last 
 year. The other brother died in 1880. The daughters were Mary Ann, Jane 
 Gensey, Betsey, Sarah, Charlotte and Martha. Four of the daughters are still 
 living and are well along in years. Mary Ann lives on North Henderson street and 
 her name is Richardson. She is the mother of Albert Richardson above spoken of. 
 Charlotte lives at 473 South Chambers street where she has resided since the death 
 of her parents. She was injured in a railroad accident some forty years ago, by 
 which she lost a leg and an arm. She follows the trade of dressmaker and earns 
 
 
''' -:^V" HISTORY OF KXOX COUNTY 768 
 
 
 
 her living thereby. The olcier sister runs a nine hundred acre farm in Kansas. 
 She is a widow. The youngest sister, Martha, lives in Chicago. The mother 
 was a liberated slave before the war and the children were all free-born. 
 
 Rev. Levi Henderson was the first negro minister of Galesburg. He came 
 in an early day and his home was about No. 423 West Tompkins street. Rev. 
 Henderson built the first colored church in Galesburg, known as Allen Chapel 
 on East Tompkins street. Rev. Henderson was a very devout man.- The writer 
 of this article, at that time a runaway slave boy, had the pleasure of living with 
 him in July, 1863. He died in the '7os and his wife followed him a few years 
 later. 
 
 Rev. McGill and his wife, Rachel, were a very venerable couple. Mr. McGill 
 was one of the early pastors of Allen chapel. He was a retired minister of the 
 denomination. He was the father of seven children, two sons and five daughters. 
 One of the daughters is living in Iowa. His son, Isaiah McGill, was well known 
 in Galesburg for many years. He followed the trade of brick mason and plasterer. 
 His son, Hiram McGill, is now living in this city and follows the trade of his 
 father Isaiah. 
 
 Many families came from the south during and after the war, which in- 
 creased the colored population of Galesburg and Knox county very materially. 
 Aaron Welcome and his wife, Sarah, came in 1862. He was a farmer and 
 also followed the carpenter's trade. In 1863 he, with William Webster, John 
 Davis and several others, enlisted in the Union army of the war of the rebellion. 
 There also came the following between 1862 and 1875 : George Fletcher, 
 Thomas Roads and wife, Paul Fletcher and wife, Abraham Murray and wife. 
 Perry Cook and wife, Edward Washington and wife, William Stewart, William 
 Laport, Peter Lawsey, William Elsey and brother, George Owens and wife, 
 John Brown and wife, George Solomon, John Hopkins and wife, Elijah Slaugh- 
 ter and wife, John A. Logan, James Lyons and wife, Moses Jenkins and wife, 
 James Johnson and wife, Andrew Anderson and wife, Thomas Stevens and wife, 
 Elias Fletcher and wife, Jefferson Turner and wife, James McGruder and wife 
 and Dennis Fletcher and wife. Several sons of Andrew Anderson are still liv- 
 ing in Galesburg and Charles McGruder, son of James McGruder, is now the 
 janitor of Central Primary school building. 
 
 The Gash family constitutes quite a large circle. They came soon after the 
 close of the war. They were Jefferson Gash, Anderson Gash, William Gash, 
 George Gash, Harrison (Tip) Gash, Sarah Gash, Mrs. Craig, Mrs. Waters, 
 Mrs. Brown, Mrs. Williams and George, her husband, and Mrs. Hildridge, 
 being the brothers and sisters of the Gash family. 
 
 Among those who came to Galesburg about this time were William Stewart 
 and wife, Levi Johnson and wife (the wife being a sister of the Gashes), Isaac 
 Green and wife, Mrs. Melissa Alexander (later Mrs. Warren, who became a 
 successful nurse), Jesse Hazel and wife, Henry Will and wife and William 
 Davis. Isaac Green died December ii, 1911, at the age of 76 years. He raised 
 a large family. Jesse Hazel was a soldier in the war of the rebellion, was taken 
 prisoner and confined in Libby prison for nine months. He is still a conspicuous 
 figure on our streets. William Davis was also a soldier and a capable plasterer 
 and mason. 
 
764 HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY 
 
 Most of the above persons spent Iheir lives in Galesburg and helped to 
 develop the resources of the gity and county in their respective vocations and 
 trades. Though their pursuits were in the common walks of life, yet they were 
 useful and filled a general demand, some as farmers and some as common la- 
 borers or mechanics. Most of these people came from Missouri, but Kentucky, 
 Tennessee and Louisiana have each furnished quite a number. Richard Worth- 
 ington, an old soldier, came from Kentucky. He was very well to do and was 
 supposed to be worth $30,000 to $40,000. He died recently, leaving one son, 
 Richard, Jr., and a fourth wife. 
 
 The negroes of the south, as a rule, were better posted on the progress of 
 the war than the poor white people, for the reason that some of their numbers 
 were always with the better educated class of the white people. They were house 
 servants and therefore heard the newspapers read and heard war matters talked 
 over. The information thus acquired was communicated to the colored people 
 on the farms at secret meetings held by the colored people. At these meetings 
 the war situation was pretty carefully considered. The question of freedom 
 was also much talked of. The result of every battle fought, as reported in the 
 southern papers, was soon known to the colored people. They knew the details 
 and whether the victory was favorable to the master or to the slave. The coun- 
 tenances of the white people were carefully observed and if an anxious expression 
 was seen, the colored people knew the news was good for them and bad for their 
 masters, and the reading aloud of the papers told the story. Besides this source 
 of information there could always be found in every community some white 
 man or men who sympathized with the slave, and these men helped to keep the 
 slaves informed of the true conditions and really encouraged them in hoping for 
 freedom as the final result of the war. 
 
 All of the above named families became property owners, as well as a number 
 of colored families not mentioned in this article. Out of a population of about 
 twelve hundred colored people, there are about 165 families who own homes. 
 Many of these homes are comfortable and compare favorably with the homes 
 owned by the laboring classes of other races. As it is with the white men, the 
 homes of the colored men improve as their conditions improve and the race 
 generally developes as conditions grow better. 
 
 There are two churches in the city of Galesburg belonging to the colored 
 people, the African Methodist Episcopal church and the Second Baptist church. 
 The total value of the two church properties is about $20,000. 
 
 I am pleased to insert also the autobiography of Mr. Lewis C. Carter, author 
 of the foregoing account of the negro race in Knox county. 
 
 I was born on the farm of Winder C. Dingle four miles north of Palmyra, 
 county seat of Marion county, Missouri, and aboat fifteen miles southwest of 
 Quincy, Illinois, on the I5th day of March, 1850. I was the slave of Mr. Dingle, 
 he having purchased my mother about six months before I was born. My 
 mother had been the property of his brother-in-law, Wm. Kelly. Kelly had 
 mortgaged all of his property, including my mother, to a money lender and slave 
 dealer by the name of Bill Thompson. Mr. Kelly lost his property as the result 
 of a fast life and high living. At the request of Mr. Kelly, my mother was 
 purchased by Mr. Dingle. My life on the farm was passed about like the average 
 slave boy of that day. As soon as I was large enough to run about I was kept 
 
: ; v.; ;v HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY : v .Vv 765 
 
 busy as errand boy. I was also soon large enough to look after the babies, both 
 white and colored. Later I waited upon the table and drove the carriage for my 
 mistress on her visits around the neighborhood. I also looked after the saddle 
 horse. At eight years of age I was put to plowing corn and other field work in 
 general. Mr. Dingle had but a few slaves, three men, Edmond, Bill and Jack. 
 When I was about nine years old Jack was sold south. Soon after Ned, as he 
 was called, was sold to a Dr. Geater in our neighborhood. In i86i Bill died 
 with lung trouble, leaving me the only male slave, except a brother four years 
 old. I had three sisters on the place. There were two other girl slaves. 
 
 Dr. Dingle had two daughters and four sons. The sons had to work on the 
 farm the same as boys do in Illinois. He also hired slaves from other farmers. 
 It was through the influence and assistance of one of these hired slaves that I 
 ran away from my owner. The name of this slave was Ephraim Easley, the 
 uncle of William Easley, the porter at the Galesburg Business Men's club of this 
 city. Ephraim owned a horse which he sold to the soldiers for $90. He had 
 married one of the slave girls. On Monday night, July 14, 1863, he took his 
 wife, one of my sisters, the other slave girl and myself and our plow horses 
 and left for the land of freedom. We left our horses in the woods near Quincy 
 all night in the rain. We had ridden the horses (four of them) thus far and 
 there turned them loose, hoping that they would find their way back to the farm, 
 and we learned that they were recovered about a week later. 
 
 We arrived in Galesburg Thursday night, July 17, 1863. We did not know 
 where we were going to stop. The bus driver took us to the home of Mr. 
 Henry Bailey, situated on East Ferris street on the lot now occupied by the 
 Swedish Episcopal church. Mr. Bailey proved to be an old acquaintance of us 
 all. He had recently come from Palmyra. I remained there a week. I worked 
 for a Mr. Stowell on the Knoxville road for twenty-five cents a day hoeing corn. 
 I spent my first free money for a hickory shirt, as I had but the one I wore 
 on my back. Shirts were high in those days, the same could be bought now for 
 twenty-five cents. I lived a week with Rev. Henderson, the colored Methodist 
 minister and then with Dr. Chapman, who found me a home on a farm with 
 Cyrus Metcalf, living north of Mr. Chas. A. Hinckley on Farnham street. I 
 went there August 7, 1863, and remained until March i, 1864, when Mr. Met- 
 calf moved to Ontario township onto his brother Michael's farm where I re- 
 mained for two years. All this time I worked for my board and clothes as I 
 had been disabled the winter of 1863-4 with rheumatism. That winter was a 
 very severe one, the roads were blocked and drifted in every direction and my 
 rheumatism proved to be a very stubborn case for I was in bad shape for several 
 years. Nevertheless, the two years spent in Ontario were exceedingly pleasant 
 and happy ones. I had been given my first opportunity of attending the public 
 schools. I was fourteen years old. January i, 1865, I started to the Ontario 
 school. It was a happy day for me. My mother used to tell me in slavery that 
 in the north black children and white would go to the same school. I could 
 not realize it until I had seen it. I nearly mastered three books the first three 
 months. Three months of schooling a year were all boys got at that time, yet 
 they seemed to get about as much out of it as they do now in nine months or a 
 year. Clothes was not the question in our grandfathers' days. High heeled 
 shoes and peg-leg pants were not known. 
 
766 ... HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY 
 
 Mr. Metcalf moved to Oneida in the spring of 1866 and I hired out to Wm. 
 Stephenson for three months. The remainder of the summer I worked for 
 Henry Leffingwell at Ontario. He was a brother of Dr. Leffingwell of St. 
 Mary's school, Knoxville. 
 
 About the middle of August, 1866, I met Mr. S. H. Ferris who lived in 
 Galesburg. He owned a farm at Woodhull. I finally bound myself to him until 
 1 would be twenty-one years of age. I was to have board, clothing, three 
 months' schooling each year, one dollar a month to buy collars, ties, take my girl 
 to shows and buggy riding, and one hundred dollars at the end of my service. 
 I had to figure some to make ends meet. When I became twenty-one I had 
 overdrawn $2.35 of my monthly dues, so that was taken oflf of my hundred dol- 
 lars. I took a horse instead of the money. A year later I sold the horse to a Mr. 
 David Cutter for $75. I finally had to take two months' board for pay. That 
 was living high five years' work for two months' board. All together I obtained 
 twenty-two months' schooling, against nine years' schooling that the average boy 
 gets today. All of my four boys received that or more. 
 
 I worked nine months for Mr. Ferris after I was twenty-one. The last of 
 November, 1871, I went to work for Mr. Henry Hitchcock, superintendent of 
 the "Burlington" at Galesburg. I worked for him five years, then went into the 
 gfrocery store of Greene & Dore, June 12, 1876. I remained with that store 
 through five changes of proprietors, covering a period of seventeen and one 
 fourth years. From that house I took up employment with D. C. Raymond & 
 SOB, for whom I have worked over eighteen years, making over thirty-five years 
 in the grocery business. 
 
 In 1878, June i8th, I was married to Miss Emily Louisa Alexander, daugh- 
 ter of Mrs. Melissa Alexander, a widow, who came from Palmyra in the fall of 
 1864. They were the slaves of Walker Loutham of Palmyra. Her brothers, 
 Ralph and John, came with them. Ralph Alexander was one of the first mail 
 carriers in Galesburg, appointed by Hon. Clark E. Carr while he was post- 
 master. To our union six children were born, four sons and two daughters, 
 Eugene, Estelle. Lewis. Jr.. Eva, Clarence and Harold. At this writing all are 
 living and in good health. The oldest is thirty-two, the youngest eighteen. We 
 purchased our home at i86 West South street of Hon. T. J. Hale in i88i and are 
 living in the same house at the present time. I have always endeavored to lend 
 my influence to every cause that seemed good to me, and to work as far as pos- 
 sible for the improvement of the moral tone of the city, and I am pleased to 
 add that my wife has always been an active associate and worker in all efforts 
 of this kind. . . ./ i/r\ \^''- ^ .ivA'^ .'.v;' 
 ,.: LEWIS C. CARTER. 
 
 The fact that Mr. Carter has spent thirty-five years in the grocery business 
 in this city with but one change in location is a strong testimonial to his honesty, 
 ability and courtesy as a salesman and the writer further states that during all 
 those years he has been personally acquainted with Mr. Carter, has found him 
 all that one could expect from a young man who has always displayed the 
 steady perseverance, industry and upright character revealed in the foregoing 
 autobiography. That it is not birth or education alone that makes a man is 
 conclusively demonstrated by the story of Mr. Carter's life. 
 
 7 - : .; r';- , ' EDITOR. 
 
 
Vr -: HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY : : 767 
 
 ; 'J>:^:^ - LABOR UNIONISM IN KNOX COUNTY ' :-"^; . 
 
 V:"''^- v^^-v..;-- ..^.^-- BY E. A. TATE .. ' ^-: 
 
 '.;''--.:,'"'-'.* ....'_:-../ 
 
 ' ' ; .- , . . ''.'' ''' " ' .' ' ' '.?." 
 
 ::.'':-; ..''^- THE RISE OF TRADES UNIONISM IN GENERAL : .. 
 
 Though the "song of the toiler" the cry of an underpaid producing class 
 the struggle for existence of that overwhelming portion of humanity forced 
 to undergo severe oppression at the hands of the taskmasters, has continued 
 throughout all ages, the present-day labor union is of but comparatively recent 
 origin, and scarcely more than in its infancy. 
 
 The history of the past five centuries teems with narratives of gallant 
 efforts made to improve the industrial and social conditions of the working 
 classes; yet little relief obtained earlier than the middle of the igth century 
 when the spirit of united effort through organization took permanent hold 
 upon the world's producers. 
 
 Strife, strikes and revolts against the tyranny of taskmasters have existed 
 since time began. Moses, the great leader and emancipator of the Israelites, 
 tells in the book of Exodus of Holy Writ, 1500 years before the coming of 
 Christ, how Pharaoh so oppressed the children of Israel and made conditions 
 so unbearable that the toilers, unable to produce the required quantity of brick, 
 were forced to strike for freedom and flee into a new country. Early histo- 
 rians of England relate wonderful stories of rebellions of the workers against 
 conditions made unbearable by an obdurate employing class. Yet we can- 
 not regard as in any way analogous to the trades union movement of today the 
 innumerable insurrections of subject races, or even the revolts of the tailors' 
 "serving-men," the cotton spinners and others of early England of which the 
 annals of history are full. They were not evoked by any clearly definite body 
 of men, nor did they result in any permanent association of toilers. 
 
 The earliest record of any form of orgfanization among the working classes 
 dates back to the early part of the I3th century and even these primitive as- 
 sociations, found chiefly in England and known as Guilds or Eriendly socie- 
 ties, bear but little resemblance to the trades unions of the present generation, 
 largely because of the fact that the membership consisted of both the master 
 and the journeymen in any craft or trade (and sometimes of many trades) and 
 the former always made sure that his interests were not neglected. He fre- 
 quently presided at the meeting, imposed and collected the dues. and fines, paid 
 out the funds and conducted whatever correspondence was necessar<'. Any 
 attempts on the part of the journeymen to secure increased wages, shorter hours 
 or better conditions were promptly frustrated. 
 
 Several things contributed to the journeyman's indifference or lethargy in 
 attempting to bring about any change in the make-up or management of these 
 associations. No master employed any great number of journejTnen one or 
 two being the rule rather than the exception, and the journeyman looked for- 
 ward to the time when his ability would permit him to open shop for himself. 
 Hence, there was a constant changing going on and the journejTnan accepted 
 his surroundings for the time being with little thought of bettering his work- 
 ing conditions. 
 
768 , : HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY 
 
 . In the year 1387, however, the "serving men" of the London cord wainers 
 are reported to be aiming at making a "permanent fraternity" in rebellion against 
 the "overseers of the trade," and nine years later the saddlers' "serving men" 
 announced they had a fraternity "time-out-of mind," though the masters de- 
 clared it was not more than 13 years old, and that its object was to raise wages. 
 In 1415, a law was passed forbidding the "serving men and journeymen" in 
 London to dwell apart from their masters "as they hold assemblies and have 
 formed a kind of association." The masters and the nobility of the nation had 
 always looked upon the toilers as a sort of chattel property belonging to them, 
 and, of course, held sufficient influence with the law makers to control legisla- 
 tion in their favor. On the other hand, the workers had for so many centuries 
 accepted these conditions and toiled on 14, 15 and even i8 hours a day caring 
 little else than to serve their masters, that the next fifty years saw only isolated 
 attempts at some sort of separate associations of workers. About the beginning 
 of the next century, however, the masters were aroused to find many "friendly 
 societies" and other organizations solely of journeymen being formed. More- 
 over, the trouble was not confined to London, and in 1538, we find the bishop 
 of Ely reporting to Cromwell that "21 journeymen shoemakers have assembled 
 on a hill without the town and sent three of their number to summon all the 
 master shoemakers to meet them in order to insist upon an advance in wages, 
 threatening that 'there shall none come into town to serve for that wages within 
 a twelve month and a day, but we woll have an harme or legge of hym except 
 they woll take an othe as we have doon'." ' ! 
 
 ^:-.''^;'^|.'5 ^ . '. ' ,; LABOR UNIONS OF ENGLAND -'>:;.-';.;-;:' :,-\ 
 
 Prior to 1700, however, no continuous association of wage earners existed 
 for maintaining or improving the conditions of employment. The journey- 
 men tailors formed what might be classed the first possible forerunner of the 
 trades union, in England, by organizing a trade society about 1710 to 1720, and 
 between that time and the close of the century a number of other societies of 
 tradesmen were instituted, only to be exterminated later by the passage of the 
 famous "general combination act" in 1799, which forbid any combinations of 
 wage earners in the united kingdom. 
 
 Through the efforts of one Francis Place, a member of the common council, 
 a broadminded man, whose sympathies extended to the toiling masses, though 
 he himself was a man of some wealth, this unjust act was repealed in the early 
 part of the nineteenth century and organizations of labor began once more to 
 thrive throughout the kingdom. 
 
 The traditional history of the trades union movement represents the period 
 prior to i8io as one of unmitigated persecution and continuous repression. 
 Such unions as claimed an existence before that date possessed a romantic legend 
 of its early days. The midnight meeting of patriots in the corner of the field, 
 the buried box of records, the secret oath, the long terms of imprisonment of 
 the leaders formed the base of many an interesting anecdote told later as the 
 organizations gained strength throughout the land. Even as late as 1834 six 
 Dorchester labor leaders were convicted for the mere act of administering an 
 
': : ' - HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY-/ ^^ - 769 
 
 oath and sentenced to seven years' imprisonment, which action stirred the toil- 
 ers to still greater demands for justice and the right to associate themselves 
 together for protection. ..; ': 
 
 Early in 1829 the fact became self-evident that solidarity among the whole 
 body of wage earners was essential against the combination of employers, and, 
 following a disastrous six months' strike at Hyde, near Manchester, the spin- 
 ners' societies of England, Scotland and Ireland were invited to send delegates 
 to a conference to be held at Ramsey, in the Isle of Man, in the month of 
 December, 1829. As the result of this conference a "grand general union of 
 the United Kingdom" was established, subject to an annual delegate meeting. 
 John Doherty was general secretary and Thomas Foster and Patrick McGowan 
 were appointed to organize the spinners throughout the United Kingdom. The 
 revenue of the grand union consisted of a tax of a penny a week per member. 
 
 In February, 1830, at Doherty 's instigation, a meeting was held at Man- 
 chester, consisting of delegates from twenty different organized trades, which 
 resulted in the establishment five months later of the "National Association for 
 the Protection of Labor," the expressed purpose of which was to resist reduc- 
 tions, but not to strike for advance. 
 
 About the time of the forming of this association the United Trades Co- 
 operative Journal (a weekly paper devoted to the cause of labor) was launched 
 in London, but was presently brought to an abrupt end by the commissioner of 
 stamps, who insisted upon each copy bearing a four-penny stamp. In January, 
 1831, Francis Place (the toilers' friend) established a paper called the "Voice 
 of the People," said later to have 30,000 circulation. 
 
 After two years' existence we hear no more of this national association, but 
 a builders' union sprang up composed of seven distinct building trades, all sep- 
 arate, yet with centralized authority for defensive and aggressive purposes. 
 This union sent strong demands for shorter hours and more pay to the em- 
 ployers, who got together and decided to refuse the demands. They publicly 
 declared that henceforth no man need apply for work unless he was prepared 
 to sign a formal renunciation of the trades union and all its works. In the 
 very heat of the battle the annual convention of delegates was held at Man- 
 chester, lasting six days, at which it was decided to erect a central office build- 
 ing at Birmingham, to be known as "Builders' Guild hall." After a fair start the 
 building was abandoned. The strike failed, as did also two other great strikes 
 at Liverpool and Manchester, and many of the local unions were broken up, 
 causing the disruption of the General Builders' union. 
 
 In 1833 Doherty began the agitation for an eight-hour workday, and new 
 unions began to form with some rapidity, until in 1834 Robert Owen organized 
 the "Grand National Consolidated Trade union," the real forerunner of the 
 trades union of to-day. 
 
 This, then, is in brief the history of the beginning of trades unionism through- 
 out the world, and England is its birthplace. 
 
 To-day the British Trades Union congress, organized in 1868, and which 
 corresponds in America to the American Federation of Labor, is the national 
 head or federation of all the unions of the British Isles. Though not so large 
 as the American Federation of Labor, it is a gigantic organization embracing 
 1,665,000 trades unionists. At the last convention, held at Newcastle-on-Tyne, 
 
 ToL I 4 
 
770 
 
 HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY 
 
 England, September 4th to 9th, 1911, there were 521 delegates, and the re- 
 ports of the secretary showed an increase in membership of 14,418 during the 
 previous year. Daniel J. Tobin and William McFarlane were fraternal dele- 
 gates to that convention from the American Federation of Labor. The British 
 Trades Union league is the federation of the women's unions and has affiliated 
 about 280,000 women trades unionists. .- , -,-...: ,;v .. r'. 
 
 . .' ' * . ,'.->... 
 
 .; IN OTHER COUNTRIES ^;, : ^j ' ! ^' > 
 
 ; ; The history of the movement in other European countries is very similar 
 to that of England. All went through a period of severe oppression. But to- 
 day Germany, France, Switzerland, Italy, Spain, and even Hungary, Bulgaria, 
 Roumania and others have their national federation, embracing almost the entire 
 labor forces in their respective countries. .' 
 
 . , ; ; INTERNATIONAL TRADES UNIONS ./; '^,r ' 
 
 ,"; Then came a closer relationship of the toilers of the entire world, and a 
 convention of national trades federations was formed. Beginning August loth, 
 1911, the seventh biennial international conference of representatives of national 
 trades union centers was held at Budapest, Hungary. Twenty-seven delegates, 
 representing eighteen nations, and two official interpreters (both union men, each 
 of whom spoke three languages) composed the convention. Herr S. Jaszai of 
 Hungary was chairman and J. Sassenback, representing Germany, was secre- 
 tary. James Duncan, national secretary of the Granite Cutters of America and 
 first vice-president of the American Federation of Labor, represented North 
 America at the conference. The preceding conference (1909) was held at 
 Paris, and an invitation has been extended to hold the 1915 meeting at San 
 Francisco, when the Panama exposition will be on in that city. 
 
 TRADES UNIONS IN AMERICA 
 
 The birth of trades unionism in America occurred in the year 1803, when 
 we find the New York Society of Journeymen Shipwrights was incorporated on 
 April 3rd. The house carpenters of New York city soon followed, as did also 
 a society of journeymen tailors, both of which were organized and incorporated 
 in the year 1806. The aims of these unions at this early date were the short- 
 ening of the daily labor time and an increase in wages. 
 
 As time drew on the workingmen in other trades began to realize the bene- 
 fits of organization, and many new unions were formed, not only in New York 
 city, but in Boston, Philadelphia, Baltimore and several others of the large 
 cities of America. Then came the idea of a union of unions the first form of 
 federation in the United States and in August, 1833, a "general trades union" 
 was formed in New York, binding together in one federation all the local 
 unions of the city. On December 2nd, 1833, occurred what had been adver- 
 tised in one of the daily papers of New York as a procession of the "general 
 trades union," taking part in which were the following local unions: Typo- 
 graphical union. Journeymen House Carpenters, Bookbinders, Leather Dress- 
 
;? Ji;^ 7 :^';c ;/:.:- HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY ' 771 
 
 ers, Coopers, Carvers and Gilders, Bakers, Cabinetmakers, Cordwainers, Tailors, 
 Silk Hatters, Stonecutters, Tin Plate and Sheet Iron Workers, Typefounders, 
 Hat Finishers, Willow Basket Makers, Chair Makers and Gilders, Sail Makers 
 and Block and Pump Makers. The parade was an imposing one, with Robert 
 Townsend, Jr., as grand marshal, following which an address was delivered by 
 Ely Moore, who afterwards (during Jackson's administration) became the 
 first labor representative in congress. 
 
 January 8, 1834, the General Trades union of Boston was formed, and 
 about the same time a similar organization was instituted in Baltimore. Aside 
 from a few of these large cities, nothing was done in the way of federation until 
 about the close of the civil war. 
 
 The earliest federation of any form embracing larger districts than the city 
 was the New England association of farmers, mechanics and laborers, whose 
 first meeting was held in Boston, in 1832, though no records of this meeting 
 are found. Subsequent meetings were held in 1833 and 1834, but after that 
 date we lose all trace of the association. Eleven years later, however, another 
 organization was formed in New England called the New England Working- 
 men's association. This was not a federation, but a larger association of the 
 individual mechanics and working men of the New England states. Aside from 
 its formation, little was ever heard from it. In the same year (1845) the first 
 national industrial congress was held in New York, with representatives from 
 the unions of all the large cities of the east. Annual meetings were held for 
 the next four or five years, after which it drops entirely out of existence. 
 
 From about 1850 to the close of the civil war was a period of autonomous 
 trade organizations on a national basis, while little energy was spent devising 
 or perfecting federations of any kind. The International Typographical union 
 was organized in 1850, the National Trade Association of Hat Finishers, in 1854, 
 the Iron Molders Union of North America, in 1859, the machinists, blacksmiths. 
 Brotherhood of Locomotive Engineers and scores of others from 1860 to '66. 
 
 In 1866 the central unions or trades assemblies of New York and Baltimore 
 issued a call for a national labor congress, and on August 20, 1866, lOO dele- 
 gates representing 6i labor organizations, met in Baltimore. These delegates 
 came from international, national and local unions and city central bodies 
 throughout the country. Political, industrial and social questions of every hue 
 were brought forth and discussed. The "National Labor union" was formed as 
 the result of this meeting and Chicago was selected as the place of holding the 
 session the following year, at which time more than 200 delegates were in at- 
 tendance. In 1868 two conventions were held, one in May, at Pittsburgh, and 
 the other in September, at New York. This latter meeting was called principally 
 to discuss the general movement for an 8-liour day. Nothing of special im- 
 portance transpired at the conventions of 1869, '70 and '71, which met at Chi- 
 cago, Boston and Philadelphia. At the convention of 1872, held in Columbus, 
 the "National Labor union" felt called upon to enter politics and nominated 
 David Davis, of Illinois, for president of the United States. This action, how- 
 ever, proved the undoing of the National union, for the locals, one by one, 
 withdrew, and the "National Labor union" died out. 
 
 Tradps unions in 1873, like everything else that depended upon industrial 
 
772 HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY 
 
 activity for support, went to the wall in the financial panic, and wages fell rapidly. 
 An effort to revive the National Labor union at a meeting at Rochester, New 
 York, April 4, 1874, showed no life, and another convention at Tyrone, Pennsyl-; 
 vania, in 1875, met a like fate. 
 
 In 1878, however, there began a healthy growth of local unions, central 
 bodies and even national organizations. In i88i a call was published emanating 
 from the central and western states for a convention, which was held at 
 Pittsburgh about the middle of November of that year. This convention was 
 important as laying the foundation of the American Federation of Labor, and 
 was organized with John Jarrett, president of the Amalgamated Association 
 ' of Iron and Steel Workers, as chairman. One hundred and seven delegates 
 were in attendance and an organization was formed to be known as the Federa-. 
 tion of Organized Trades and Labor Unions of the United States and Canada. 
 Samuel Gompers, now president of the A. F. of L., was a member of the first 
 congressional committee ; and at the second convention, held at Qeveland, Ohio, 
 in November, 1882, Mr. Gompers was chosen as president of the federation, 
 which position he has retained ever since. The third meeting was held in New 
 York, the fourth in Chicago, the fifth in Washington. At this fifth session, 
 the tactics of the Knights of Labor, a secret society, organized in 1869, at 
 Philadelphia, by a local union of clothing cutters, was severely criticised and 
 condemned. At the next session, held in November, 1886, the title of American 
 Federation of Labor was adopted and from which point the organization dates 
 the beginning of an aggressive, firm, onward march until today its membership 
 consists of 115 national and international unions, having jurisdiction over ap- 
 proximately 28,000 local unions, 493 local unions having no national heads, 631 
 city central bodies, 187 federal labor unions, and 38 state federations; represent- 
 ing in all an affiliated membership, September i, 1911, of 1,768,614 trades 
 unionists; gaining 199,723 over the previous year. The four great railroad 
 brotherhoods, the bricklayers and several other trades organizations are not 
 affiliated with the A. F. of L., hence the 1,768,614 members represent but a 
 part of the organized labor movement of America. 
 
 The officers of the American Federation of Labor consist of a president, 
 eight vice-presidents, a secretary and a treasurer; all of whom constitute the 
 executive council, empowered to transact official business when the convention 
 is not in session. Samuel Gompers, a cigarmaker, is president; Frank Morrison, 
 a member of Chicago Typographical union, is secretary; and John B. Lennon, 
 a tailor of Bloomington, Illinois, is treasurer. Last year the receipts from 
 all sources were $182,914.96, and the expenditures $175,524.08. The balance 
 in the treasury, September 30, 1911, was $189,579.56. -'! 
 
 The A. F. of L. is divided into departments embracing the building trades 
 department, the metal trades department, the label trades department, and the 
 railroad employes' department; each having a secretary to look after the affairs 
 of his respective department. J ; Vi V-;^ -I --r -> 
 
 As an idea of the extent of the use of the label, 48,234,136 garment workers' 
 labels were used during the year ending September 30, 1911, while the bakery 
 and confectionery workers used 548,210,590 labels during the same period and 
 the cigarmakers, 27,795,900. 
 
HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY ^ 778 
 
 The inception and marvellous growth of the railroad brotherhoods above 
 referred to the engineers, firemen, trammen and conductors forms an inter- 
 esting part of the world's labor history. 
 
 In 1831 the first steam locomotive tested in the United States was given a 
 tryout on a short road between Albany and Schenectady, in the state of New 
 York, and in 1906, the first great electric high speed passenger engine was 
 tested on almost the same historic ground. 
 
 Only a little more than thirty years after the first test, with the country 
 well honeycombed with railroad lines, the few engineers who daily gathered 
 about the little old dingy roundhouse at Marshall, Michigan, instituted a move- 
 ment from which resulted the first organization of railway employes in America. 
 W. D. Robinson was the leading spirit in the agitation for some sort of banding 
 together for mutual benefit. Others agreed that they should get together 
 somewhere and organize. Invitations were therefore extended a number of 
 engineers ort other roads and a meeting was held at Detroit, Michigan, May 8, 
 1863, at which an order was founded known as the "Brotherhood of the Foot- 
 board." Mr. Robinson acted as chairman. He formulated the obligation and 
 read it to the twelve engineers who had responded to the call, as they stood in a 
 circle with joined hands. The rec6rds of this meeting contain the following: 
 
 "It was motioned and carried that George Adams and E. F. Elwell see about 
 getting hall and furniture for same. 
 
 ; "It was motioned and carried that the $10.00 should be paid back to Mr. 
 Robinson and Mr. Shephard which was their initiation fee, and the same has 
 been done. 
 
 "The following members were initiated: Geo. Adams, pd. $5.cx); Fred 
 Smith, pd. $5.00; E. F. Elwell, pd. $5.00; Mat McCormack, pd. $5.00; Edward 
 Garrison, pd. $5.00; A. Mott, pd. $5.00; Samuel Hall, pd. $5.00; Fred Swart, 
 pd. $5.00; Fred H. Johnson, pd. $5.00." 
 
 This was the starting of what today is Division No. i. Brotherhood of Loco- 
 motive Engineers. A few days later Division No. 2, Brotherhood of the Foot- 
 board, was formed at Marshall, Michigan, and the next month the engineers at 
 Galesburg founded a brotherhood in this city. 
 
 The name Brotherhood of the Footboard was changed to Brotherhood of 
 Locomotive Engineers in 1865. W. D. Robinson was the first grand chief 
 engineer. 
 
 On the I4th of May, 1910, the Brotherhood of Locomotive Engineers dedi- 
 cated a magnificent, up-to-date, absolutely fireproof office and headquarters 
 building in the city of Cleveland, Ohio. This building, erected and owned by 
 the brotherhood, contains over 500 offices, with 132,000 square feet of fioor 
 space, and has on the ground floor an auditorium seating about 1,400 people. It 
 is 15 stories high, built of structural steel with outside walls of white stone and 
 white glazed tile, and stands at the corner of Ontario and St. Clair streets, a 
 magnificent monument to the rapid developments and achievements of organized 
 labor. 
 
 Five years after the organization of the first Brotherhood of the Footboard, 
 the conductors employed on the Amboy division of the Illinois Central and the 
 Chicago division of the Chicago, Burlington and Quincy railroad met at Amboy, 
 
774 HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY 
 
 Illinois, and formed an order known as the Conductors union. In 1878, the 
 present name Order of Railway Conductors was adopted. 
 
 The Brotherhood of Locomotive Firemen was organized in 1874 at Port 
 Jarvis, New York, and from this has grown the present continent-wide and 
 powerful organization of the Brotherhood of Locomotive Firemen and Engine- 
 men. --'X. '-"'. / . ; 
 
 The Brotherhood of Railway Trainmen, now numbering many thousands, 
 is the youngest of the train-service brotherhoods and was organized at Oneonta, 
 New York, September 23rd, 1883. 
 
 The Switchmen's International union, the Order of Railroad Telegraphers, 
 the Order of Railroad Station Agents, the Order of Railway Qerks and other 
 kindred organizations have followed. 
 
 From a few miles of wooden track in 1830 the railroad business has grown 
 so rapidly that to-day there are more than 325,000 miles of track in the United 
 States and about 1,500,000 persons engaged in the industry, the greater por- 
 tion of whom are members of the various brotherhoods. ,.-./. . 
 
 '- > '., _ *'.' v. 
 
 ., .;,^';: LABOR UNIONS OF KNOX COUNTY .!>!;:,- r;.. 
 
 Galesburg Lodge No. 62, Brotherhood of Locomotive Engineers, has the 
 distinction to-day of being the oldest labor organization in Knox county. Its 
 charter, now hanging on the east wall of the Trades Assembly hall, bears the 
 date January i7th, 1865, though its history dates back almost two years prior 
 to that time. ,' ' ': 
 
 About the middle of June, 1863, ten or a dozen of the engineers running 
 out of Galesburg, imbued with the idea that "in union there is strength" and 
 inspired by the institution of the first railroad brotherhood in America only a 
 month previous at Detroit, met in a little back room over where is now Burt's 
 drug store and formed a local organization known as the "Brotherhood of the 
 Footboard." And Stephen A. Randall of 556 South Broad street is the only 
 surviving charter member of that little band of devoted men who, in this county, 
 first awoke to the realization of the need of workingmen banding themselves 
 together for protection and advancement. ' -.i 
 
 Knowing full well that capital was unalterably opposed to combinations of 
 labor, the utmost secrecy was maintained as to membership in the new society, 
 for knowledge of its existence had spread to the company to whom it was a 
 "thorn in the flesh." The railroad officials determined to nip the new union 
 .in its infancy and used every tactic to find out just who were members. Every 
 engineer found to belong, or thought to belong, was summarily discharged. Mr. 
 Randall was one of the men instrumental in forming the organization and one 
 also who was soon let out of the company's employment. Those who were dis- 
 charged left the city and sought work elsewhere, only to learn that they were 
 blacklisted, and securing a run on other roads was a difficult proposition. Mr. 
 Randall returned to Galesburg, however, and was one of the men who, in 
 January, 1865, transformed the "Brotherhood of the Footboard" into Galesburg 
 Division No. 62, Brotherhood of Locomotive Engineers. 
 
 Notwithstanding the opposition of the company, the men were determined 
 that they should not be deprived of their rights to organize, and soon the or- 
 ganization grew so strong that the company began to realize the futility of 
 further antagonism and ceased its hostility. Many of the discharged engineers 
 
^:J-'^'- - -^ ^ HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY ; '- 775 
 
 were reinstated to their former runs, among whom was Mr. Randall, who re- 
 mained in the engine service of the Burlington, the Wabash and one or two 
 other roads, until, as he puts it, "the trains were made so long that the engi- 
 neer could not hear the shouts of the conductor from the way-car," when he 
 retired from the service and has since devoted himself to caring for a small 
 farm he succeeded in acquiring, though he still maintains his membership in 
 the brotherhood, and was last year given an honorary membership by the grand 
 lodge, a thing held by few members of the order. . 
 
 , : Mr. Randall is authority for the statement that Galesburg's Brotherhood 
 of the Footboard was the fourth railroad brotherhood to be formed in America, 
 and though given No. 62, many lodges have lower numbers which were since 
 formed, such as Los Angeles No. 5, Indianapolis No. ii, Springfield No. 23, 
 Aurora No. 32, etc. With a twinkle in his eye, he relates that Galesburg, 
 though the fourth to form, was given No. 62 to make the railroads believe there 
 were many locals in existence and that the order was exceedingly strong. 
 
 Galesburg now has two lodges of the Brotherhood of Locomotive Engi- 
 neers, the second, No. 644, being instituted February 29th, 1904, and is the 
 largest brotherhood in the United States on any one railroad division. 
 
 Singular as it may seem, though the engineers had sown the seed of union- 
 ism in this county in 1863, no further efforts were made to formulate other 
 organizations for almost twenty years. The records at headquarters in Peoria 
 of the Brotherhood of Locomotive Firemen and Enginemen show that Progress 
 Lodge No. 105, Brotherhood of Locomotive Firemen, was organized at Gales- 
 burg March I5th, 1882, with twenty-two charter members. Also that the lodge 
 was removed to Chillicothe, Illinois, in September, 1899 (after the Burlington 
 strike), and finally surrendered its charter on June loth, 1902. However, the 
 firemen soon realized that this was too big a division point to be without an 
 organization, and Lodge No. 477, Brotherhood of Locomotive Firemen, was 
 instituted here May ist, 1904. The name was changed to Brotherhood of Loco- 
 motive Firemen and Enginemen March ist, 1909. ./ 
 
 The cigarmakers were the third to take the step towards forming a union, 
 and on March 22, 1883. a charter, signed by Adolph Strausser, as interna- 
 tional president, was granted to Cigarmakers' Local Union No. 200 of Gales- 
 burg, Illinois. The first officers were: Val Weiss, president; Ed Tomlins, 
 vice-president ; J. A. Williams, recording and corresponding secretary ; C. Geist, 
 financial secretary, and D. Sherlock, doorkeeper. None of its charter members 
 now reside here, and little is known of the early formation of this, the first 
 trades organization to begin its existence in this vicinity. ':.'.; 
 
 Galesburg Division No. 83, Order of Railway Conductors, was next in 
 line and was formed July 23rd, 1883. The following years, in September, Gales- 
 burg Lodge No. 24, Brotherhood of Railroad Trainmen, first saw the light of 
 day. Both of these railroad organizations met with some opposition on the part 
 of the company at first, but later were well received, and to-day are flourishing 
 brotherhoods. 
 
 Seven years later tliere developed a spirit of organization among the trades- 
 men of the city, and Brotherhood of Carpenters and Joiners No. 360 was or- 
 ganized December 22, 1890, with Oscar Renier, first chairman ; Cal Gray, sec- 
 retary, and J. R. Rogers, treasurer. The initial meeting was held in a small 
 
776 ' HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY 
 
 hall on the south side of the public square. Typographical Union No, 288 soon 
 followed with a meeting in the old Brotherhood Steam Print office on South 
 Cherry street, where the Plaindealer now operates, and was granted a charter 
 February 22nd, 1891. A number of tailors met in what was then Fletcher's 
 tailor shop on the second floor over where is now the People's Trust and Sav- 
 ings bank, and organized Journeymen Tailors' Union No. 169 on March 2ist, 
 1891. During the winter some of the wives and daughters of the railroad 
 trainmen began the agitation for a women's auxiliary to the trainmen, which 
 resulted in the formation on January ipth, 1891, of Sincerity Lx)dge No. 6, 
 L. A. to B. of R. T. 
 
 As summer approached these new trades organizations began to discuss the 
 advisability of celebrating Labor Day the first Monday in September being 
 designated as a legal holiday in many of the states of the nation by this time. 
 The carpenters and the tailors favored the holding of a celebration, while the 
 other unions and brotherhoods did not. Celebrating Labor Day at this early 
 date was rather a difficult undertaking. Trades organizations were compara- 
 tively a new thing and lacked numbers. Many of the citizens also looked upon 
 them as sort of anarchistic bodies designed to destroy rather than to build up 
 industry. Few cared to encourage them, and the securing of speakers for such 
 an occasion was no easy task. However, the carpenters and tailors determined 
 to pull off a celebration and gained the consent of Eugene W. Welch and Con- 
 gressman George W. Prince to deliver addresses. 
 
 On September the 7th, 1891, then, the first Labor Day celebration was held 
 in Knox county. At prcx) o'clock in the morning the Galesburg Marine band, 
 dressed for the first time in their new uniforms, began playing in front of 
 the square facing Main street. By io:oo o'clock the parade was formed on 
 Main street, headed by Lewis Thompson, of the carpenters, as chief marshal, 
 with John Forsythe of the tailors and Chris Geisler of the carpenters as assistant 
 marshals. The standard bearer for the tailors was C. G. Lind, while Ed. Bushong 
 bore the banner for the carpenters. In line were 40 tailors and 58 carpenters, 
 besides a few scattering members from the cigarmakers, printers and perhaps 
 one or two other organizations. Following the band came the speakers' carriage 
 a handsome new barouche, drawn by J. H. Williamson's matched team of 
 greys, with "Hank" himself handling the lines. Seated with the speakers were 
 Chas. Hasselleaf, president of the carpenters, and Albert Johanson, president of 
 the tailors. The profession passed around the square and east on Main street 
 across the "Q" tracks to Pearl street, wHere street cars were waiting and all 
 went out to Highland Park, where the festivities were to be held. An admission 
 to the park of ten cents was charged to help defray expenses. 
 
 After a stirring selection by the band, Mr. Hasselleaf, who acted as chair- 
 man, introduced Hon. Geo. W. Prince, who delivered a splendid address to the 
 great crowd which had gathered. He was followed by Eugene W. Welch, who, 
 in a short but stirring speech, made a deep impression with the union men on 
 the ground. B. F. Holcomb and F. A. Freer were also called to the stand and 
 made short speeches. A basket dinner followed, which was greatly enjoyed. 
 Then the afternoon was devoted to games and sports of various kinds. Dancing 
 proved a special feature of both afternoon and evening with Gaines' orchestra 
 furnishing the music. v. 
 
HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY 777 
 
 The success of the first Labor Day celebration and the showing made by the 
 carpenters and tailors inspired other tradesmen and resulted in the organization, 
 on December 14, 1891, of Bricklayers and Masons' Union No. 12, and of 
 Painters and Decorators' Union No. 29, on December 28th, of the same year. 
 
 In Galesburg, as it had been elsewhere, when a sufficient number of trades 
 were organized, the tendency was to associate all into one central body composed 
 of delegates from each of the unions. In the room known as Spring's hall, 104 
 Main street, delegates from the various unions of the city met, on July 8, 1892, 
 and formed the Galesburg Trades and Labor assembly. J. Forsythe of the 
 tailors' union called the meeting to order. A. G. Mathieson, George Gallamo 
 and Daniel Nolan were chosen as -a committee on credentials and they re- 
 ported the following delegates present and entitled to a voice in the proceedings : 
 
 Cigarmakers, No. 200 A. M. Everly, W. L. Woods, F. J. Weiss. 
 
 Painters, No. 29 ^J. A. Peterson, H. W. Lohmar, C. M. Peterman. 
 
 Tailors, No. 169 Daniel Nolan, J. Forsythe, Edward Ayten. 
 
 Carpenters, No. 360 C. H. Geisler, J. R. Rogers, N. P. Swanson. 
 
 Printers, No. 288 Geo. Gallarno, H. C. Smalley, A. G. Matheson. 
 
 Bricklayers, No. 12 A. W. Truedson, W. E. Harry, W. Davis. 
 
 The election of its first officers resulted as follows : President, A. M. Everly ; 
 vice-president, J. Forsythe ; recording and corresponding secretary, George Gal- 
 lamo; financial secretary, W. E. Harry; treasurer, Daniel Nolan; sergeant-at 
 arms, J. R. Rogers ; trustees, C. H. Geisler, H. W. Lohmar and A. W. Truedson. 
 
 Standing committees were appointed on organization, legislation, grievances, 
 labels and printing. 
 
 The four principal officers of the assembly since its birth are shown by the 
 annexed table: 
 
 OFFICERS OF GALESBURG TRADES ASSEMBLY SINCE ORGANIZATION 
 
 1892-93, A. M. Everly, Cigarmakers, President; Geo. Gallarna, Printers, 
 Recording and Corresponding Secretary; D. Nolan, Tailors, Treasurer; W. E. 
 Harry, Bricklayers, Financial Secretary. 
 
 1893-94, L. N. Thompson, Carpenters, President; L. R. Maddox, Printers, 
 Recording and Corresponding Secretary; D. Nolan, Tailors, Treasurer; W. E. 
 Harry, Bricklayers, Financial Secretary. 
 
 1894-95, Adolph Fink, Printers, J. H. Donnelly, Cigarmakers, Presidents; 
 L. R. Maddox, Printers, Recording and Corresponding Secretary ; D. Nolan, 
 Tailors, Treasurer; W. E. Harry, Bricklayers, Financial Secretary. 
 
 1895-96, L. N. Thompson, Carpenters, President; W. E. Qeveland, Broom- 
 makers, Recording and Corresponding Secretary; D. Nolan, Tailors, Treasurer; 
 A. Gustafson, Painters, Financial Secretary. 
 
 1896-97. J. A. Smith, Printers, W. A. Marshall, Printers, Presidents; E. A. 
 Tate, Printers, Recording and Corresponding Secretary; D. Nolan, Tailors, 
 Treasurer; A. Gustafson, Painters, Financial Secretary. 
 
 1897-98, W. A. Marshall, Printers, President; E. A. Tate, Printers, Record- 
 ing and Corresponding Secretary ; D. Nolan, Tailors, Treasurer ; C. H. Eckhart, 
 Printers, Financial Secretary. 
 
 1898-99. H. Holborn, Bricklayers, President; E. A. Tate, Printers, Record- 
 
778 HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY 
 
 ing and Corresponding Secretary; D. Nolan, Tailors, Treasurer; A, Gustafson,. 
 Painters, Financial Secretary. 
 
 I899-I9CX), J. C. Tate, Carpenters, President; E. A. Tate, Printers, Record- 
 ing and Corresponding Secretary; Earle Thompson, Printers, Treasurer; A. 
 Gustafson, Painters, Financial Secretary. 
 
 1900-01, J. C. Tate, Carpenters, President; E. A. Tate, Printers, Recording 
 and Corresponding Secretary; Geo. Sanderson, Clerks, Treasurer; J. H. Mc- 
 Kamy, Clerks, Financial Secretary. 
 
 1901-02, J. C. Tate, Carpenters, President; E. A. Tate, Printers, Recording 
 and Corresponding Secretary ; W. O. Thompson, Cigarmakers, Treasurer ; J. H. 
 McKamy, Gerks, Financial Secretary. 
 
 1902-03, W. R. Boyer, Broommakers, W. O. Thompson, Cigarmakers, Presi- 
 dents ; E. A. Tate, Printers, Recording and Corresponding Secretary ; W. O. 
 Thompson, Cigarmakers, Treasurer; H. E. Kent, Cigarmakers, Financial Sec- 
 retary. 
 
 1903-04, E. P. Nelson, Clerks, President; Mrs. N. D. Parker, Label League, 
 Recording and Corresponding Secretary ; E. J. Hughes, Bricklayers, Treasurer ; 
 J. C. Sjodin, Painters, Financial Secretary. 
 
 1904-05, E. P. Nelson, Clerks, J. C. Sjodin, Painters, Presidents; E. J. Corbin, 
 Painters, Recording and Corresponding Secretary ; L. A. Swanson, Broommakers, 
 Treasurer ; F. W. Kinney, Cigarmakers, Financial Secretary. 
 
 1905-06, J. C. Sjodin, Painters. President; E. J. Corbin, Painters, Recording 
 and Corresponding Secretary ; E. A. Tate, Printers, Treasurer ; W. H. Mc- 
 Keighan, Printers, Financial Secretary. 
 
 ; 1906-07, J. C. Sjodin, Painters, W. F. Kinney, Cigarmakers, W. A. Marshall, 
 Printers. Presidents ; C. F. Calson. Printers, Recording and Corresponding Sec- 
 retary ; E. A. Tate, Printers, Treasurer ; J. Hultgren, Broommakers, Financial 
 Secretary. 
 
 1907-08, W. H. Lohmar, Painters, President; C. F. Calson, Printers, Record- 
 ing and Corresponding Secretary ; E. A. Tate, Printers, Treasurer ; Geo. Palmer, 
 Printers, Financial Secretary. 
 
 1908-09, F. L. Morrill, Cigarmakers, C. F. Calson, Printers, Presidents; E. 
 J. Corbin, Painters, Recording and Corresponding Secretary; E. A. Tate, 
 Printers, Treasurer ; Geo. Palmer, Printers, Financial Secretary. 
 
 1909-10, E. J. Corbin, Painters, President; Geo. Palmer, Printers, Recording 
 and Corresponding Secretary; E. A. Tate, Printers, Treasurer; Henry Isaacson, 
 Clerks, Financial Secretary. 
 
 1910-11, E. A. Tate, Printers, President; Geo. Palmer, Printers, Recording 
 and Corresponding Secretary; J. W. Ramp, Clerks, Treasurer; C. S. Bartlett,- 
 Qerks, Financial Secretary. 
 
 1911-12, Geo. Palmer, Printers, President; R. S. Barnes, Printers, Recording 
 and Corresponding Secretary; J. W. Ramp, Qerks, Treasurer; C. S. Bartlett, 
 Clerks, Financial Secretary. 
 
 One of the first actions of the assembly was to pass resolutions at its initial 
 meeting offering sympathy, support and aid to the miners at Homestead, Pennsyl- 
 vania. At this meeting it was also decided to celebrate Labor Day under the 
 auspices of the trades assembly. At the second meeting, July 20, 1892, a com- 
 
-""'- HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY - 779 
 
 mittee consisting of J. Forsythe, C. H. Geisler, A. G. Matheson, W. E. Hairy, 
 C. M. Peterman and A. M. Everly was appointed to make arrangements. The 
 committee met the following Sunday and started plans which resulted in Gales- 
 burg's first celebration of Labor Day under the auspices of the Galesburg Trades 
 and Labor assembly the first Monday in September, 1892. A splendid parade was 
 held on the principal streets of the city in the forenoon with two bands and 
 many floats. The afternoon exercises were held at Highland Park, where 
 nearly 6,000 people assembled. Mayor Forrest F. Cooke and Hon. S. H. 
 Bashear were the speakers. Galesburg trades unions have participated in Labor 
 Day celebrations as follows : 
 
 
 
 LABOR DAY CELEBRATIONS PARTICIPATED IN BY LOCAL UNIONS 
 
 1891 Highland Park. L. N. Thompson, Marshal. Speakers: Hon. G. W. 
 Prince and E. W. Welch. Chairman, Charles Hasselleaf. 
 
 1892 Highland Park. Speakers: Mayor F. F. Cooke and Hon. S. H. 
 Bashear. Chairman, J. Forsythe. .;:-. 
 
 1893 Lake George. Speakers : Mayor Cooke, W. F. Bailey and John 
 Hammerstrom. Chairman, O. N. Marshall. 
 
 1894 Went to Quincy (Baldwin Park). ' 
 
 1895 Lake George. J. H. Donnelly, Marshal. Speakers: Father L. S. 
 Coffin, Godfrey Haas and Rev. J. H. Rudy, Quincy. Chairman, G. C. Wright. 
 
 1896 Lake George (Kewanee here). A. Gustafson, Marshal. Speakers: 
 Mayor Tunnicliff and Bishop Fallows. (W. J. Bryan spoke from train at Mul- 
 berry street in the evening.) Chairman, J. H. Donnelly. 
 
 1897 Lake George. C. C. Mattocks, Marshal. Speakers: Mayor Cooke, 
 Cong. Prince, Rev. Stead, M. J. Daugherty and C. K. Ladd of Kewanee. Chair- 
 man, W. A. Marshall. 
 
 1898 Went to Kewanee. (2,285 tickets sold here.) Speakers: Cong. 
 Prince and A. J. Boutelle. :. 
 
 1899 Galesburg Race track. Speakers: Hon. L. Y. Sherman and Thos. 
 L Kidd. Chairman, J. C. Tate. 
 
 1900 Went to Canton. Speaker: Eugene V. Debs. " 
 
 1901 Court House Park. (Kewanee, Canton and Farmington here.) 
 Speakers: Bishop Spalding, W. A. Alton, Peoria, and George Thompson, 
 Chicago. Chairman, J. C. Tate. 
 
 1902 Went to Kewanee. 
 
 1903 Went to Peoria by way of P. T. Co. and L C. Ry. Speaker: John 
 B. Lenon. . 
 
 1904 Maley's Grove. Speakers: W, T. Wallace and John C. Sjodin. 
 Chairman, E. P. Nelson. 
 
 1905 Highland Park. E. A. Tate, Marshal. Speakers: Clarence Darrow, 
 S. G. Cunningham, Mayor Sanborn and Ex-Mayor Shumway. Chairman, J. C. 
 Sjodin. .. , 
 
 1906 Highland Park (Kewanee and Canton). W. L Jordan, Marshal. 
 Speakers: Mayor Shumway and J. H. Dehner. Chairman, J. C. Sjodin. 
 
 1907 Went to Burlington, Iowa. 
 
780 ; HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY 
 
 1908 Parker Amusement Co. on Frost lot. 
 
 1909 No celebration here; some went to Rock Island, some to Peoria. 
 
 1910 Excursion on the new Rock Island Southern Traction line to Rock 
 Island. 
 
 191 1 Highland Park. - Speaker : P. J. Flannery, Chicago. 
 
 The following condensed list of Knox county's labor unions, with dates of 
 organization, will prove of value to some students of labor history : 
 
 Brotherhood of Footboard, 1863, changed to Division 62, B. of L. E., Janu- 
 ary 17, 1865; B. of L. F. March 15, 1882, reorganized May i, 1904, changed 
 to B. of L. F. & E. March i, 1909; Cigarmakers, March 22, 1883; O. R. C, 
 July 23, 1883; B. of R. T., September, 1884; Carpenters, December 22, 1890; 
 L. A. to B. of R. T. No. 6, January 19, 1891 ; Typographical, February 22, 
 1891 ; Tailors, March 21, 1891 ; Bricklayers, December 14, 1891 ; Painters, De- 
 cember 28, 1891; Trades Assembly, July 8, 1892; Barbers, November, 1892, 
 reorganized May 12, 1898, again January i, 1902; Building Laborers, Decem- 
 ber lo, 1892; Stonecutters, April 4, 1893, reorganized 1905; Plumbers, April 
 i8, 1893; Broommakers, August 14, 1895; Federal Labor union, September i8, 
 1896; Retail Clerks, September 30, 1897, reorganized May 15, 1906; Plasterers, 
 February 5, 1898; Bakers, June 17, 1899; Iron Molders, August 14, 1899; 
 Laundry Workers, August 29, 1899; Ladies' Label league, November 13, 1900; 
 Teamsters, December 8, 1900; Broom Corn Sorters, Sizers and Helpers, Janu- 
 ary 19, 1901 ; Hod Carriers, January 29, 1901 ; Electrical Workers, May 9, 1901 ; 
 Horseshoers, May 14, 1901 ; Sheet Metal Workers, August 5, 1901, reorgan- 
 ized May 7, 1903; Women's Trades Union league, December 14, 1901; Musi- 
 cians, January 14, 1902; Brickmakers, March 15, 1902, reorganized March 14, 
 1910; Bartenders, July 28, 1902; Ice Handlers, August 5, 1902; Machinists, 
 November 26, 1902 ; Pressmen, May 23, 1903 ; Street Car Men, September 22, 
 1903, reorganized October 22, 1908; B. of L. E., Division 644, February 29, 
 1904; L. A. to B. of L. E., February 14, 1905; News Boys, March 17, 1906; 
 T. M. A., December 29, 1906; L. S. to B. of L. F. & E., 1909; Stage Em- 
 ployees, July 13, 1909; L. A. to B. of R. T. No. 425, July 24, 1909; Cement 
 Workers, September i8, 1909; Freight Handlers, February 28, 1910; Steam 
 Shovel and Dredge Men, April, 1910; Stationery Firemen, May 5, 1910; Dray- 
 men, October i, 1910; Garment Workers, August 7, 1911; the Lathers, Black- 
 smiths, Switchmen, Bro. Ry. Clerks, Bro. Ry. Carmen, dates not learned. 
 
 After organizing on July 8, 1892, the Trades assembly met in Spring's 
 hall, Ib4 Main street, nearly two years, when it removed to a hall at the corner 
 of Prairie and Simmons streets, over Wright's laundry, now Ferris feed store. 
 In 1895 the third floor of the Peter Nelson block, corner Main and Seminary, 
 was rented and the assembly met there until October 21, 1897, when it occupied 
 a hall in the Ferris building at 8 Main street. On December i6, 1898, the as- 
 sembly rented the third floor of the new Jacobi Bros. & Mack building, where 
 fine quarters were established and occupied until March lo, 1904, when the 
 central body moved to the Buckley building, 12 Main street. Finding more 
 room necessary, a door was cut through the wall separating the Buckley build- 
 ing from the Lescher building and both halls were occupied. On September 
 22, 1905, the second floor of the Buckley building was also leased and fitted up 
 
HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY '^ 781 
 
 and some of the unions met there. On October 3, 1898, the assembly bought 
 the lease of the Knights of Pythias in the O'Connor building, at 6i South 
 Cherry street, and removed to that hall, remaining there until May, 1910, when 
 it leased the entire fifth floor of the Bank of Galesburg building, with elevator 
 service at the Kellogg street entrance, and has met there since. Twenty-one 
 unions are now sub-renting of the Trades assembly, while the others meet in 
 various other halls of the city. 
 
 In the spring of 1901 the assembly voted to place a business agent in the 
 field to keep in close touch with industrial conditions in the city, report unfair 
 work, act as arbitrator in disputes and secure the best conditions possible for 
 the toilers. Accordingly on April ii H. W. Lohmar was elected to act in that 
 capacity and served for one year. On May 22, 1902, G. A. Tilton was elected 
 and served until June ii, 1903, when he resigned and the office was left vacant 
 for a year. On July 27, 1904, Mr. Tilton was again selected to act as business 
 agent, and did so until November. The assembly dispensed with a business 
 agent then until May 21, 1908, when C. M. Peterman was elected, but resigned 
 on August I. He was succeeded by Ed Wood, who filled the office for six 
 months. On April 8, 1909, E. K. Brasel was made business agent and served 
 until the fall of 1910, since which time the assembly has done without such offi- 
 cer. The business agent devoted his entire time to the interests of the unions 
 and the assembly and was paid a salary raised by a special per capita tax upon 
 all bodies affiliated with the Trades assembly. His was a disagreeable job at 
 best, always sought when trouble arose, frequently sent to inform employers 
 that unfair conditions must cease or trouble would begin. Threatened, abused, 
 despised by the employer, who would take advantage of labor, the business 
 agent, nevertheless, accomplished much good in his daily rounds, straightened 
 out many a knotty situation, secured shorter hours and better pay for the toilers 
 of the city. 
 
 Much of the success of organized labor in a community depends upon the 
 facilities for intelligently informing, not only the entire membership of all or- 
 ganizations, but the public at large, upon the objects and aims of labor unions, and 
 presenting a fair statement of the issues in any controversy. To this end Gales- 
 burg and the surrounding territory has been exceptionally fortunate in hav- 
 ing a newspaper published weekly in the interest of the toilers, which has borne 
 the highest respect of the citizens generally. 
 
 The Galesburg Labor News was founded by Jacob Smith in November, 
 1895, and, although the voyage of seventeen years has been extremely rough 
 at times the little ship has sailed steadily onward bearing its messages of cheer 
 and encouragement, spreading the doctrines of trades unionism, never missing 
 an issue. Two years previous Charles F. Calson had launched "The Unionist," 
 a most creditable advocate of trades unionism, which appeared in May, 1893, 
 but, owing to the financial distresses which invaded the country during that 
 year, was soon forced to suspend publication. 
 
 On November 7, 1896, Henry C. Smalley acquired a half interest in the 
 Galesburg Labor News, and the sheet was enlarged and its usefulness extended 
 through the new blood instilled and a greatly increased circulation. January 
 'i6, 1897, the paper was removed from the "Gazette" office the scene of its 
 
782 ; ; HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY 
 
 birth to the "Plaindealer" printing office. On September 4 of that year Mr. 
 Smalley assumed full control of the paper by purchasing the interest of Mr. 
 Smith and for six years labored unceasingly to give his readers a reliable, fair 
 and conscientious publication devoted to the cause of labor. His untimely death 
 on October 29, 1903, brought sorrow to a multitude of admirers both in and 
 out the ranks of trades unionism. He was a member of the city council, being 
 an alderman from the first ward, and was known for his honesty of purpose, 
 his clear understanding of the needs of a growing city and his conscientious 
 efforts to give it his best endeavors. On November i five hundred union men 
 marched with bowed heads to pay tribute to a departed leader. The services 
 were held at the Baptist church conducted by Rev. J. Y. Aitchison. John C. 
 Stevens also spoke. 
 
 Upon the death of Mr. Smalley, his brother, S. Warren Smalley, took con- 
 trol of the Labor News and, with J. L. Wilcox as editor, continued to issue 
 the paper until his death, September 4, 1904, the day before Labor Day. Then 
 it was that a stock company was formed and the purchase of the paper made 
 from the heirs. The stock of this company was subscribed entirely by the 
 unions of Galesburg, Canton and Monmouth, and the paper is still owned and 
 published by the unions. No individuals own any of the stock. The first offi- 
 cers of the board of directors were C. T. Salisbury, president; S. O. Means, 
 of Monmouth, vice-president; William A. Marshall, secretary, and C F. Keel- 
 ing, treasurer. J. L. Wilcox was chosen as editor, but resigned on April I, 
 1905. E. A. Tate, then of Chicago, was selected as editor and manager of 
 the paper and got out his first issue on April 28, 1905. 
 
 The paper was now being issued from the press of the Evening Mail. After 
 six months' publication in this office, Mr. Tate presented the company a plan 
 to purchase an outfit of its own, and on November i, 1905, a plant was in- 
 stalled at 143 South Cherry street, which has since been paid for out of the 
 earnings of the company. Mr. Tate resigned on December i, 1910, to accept 
 the position of deputy county treasurer, and George H. C. Palmer was re- 
 elected as editor and manager, which position he has since filled with credit to 
 the company. t ':' 
 
 The labor union of to-day is indeed a complex institution. It is made up 
 of a great variety of minds, each possessing ideas of perhaps widely different 
 character, yet so blended into the one real purpose of uplifting mankind as to 
 make it a most compact organization, exceedingly democratic in its principle of 
 abiding by the will of the majority. It thrives through the axiom that "the 
 welfare of one is the concern of all." No community of any industrial im- 
 portance could prosper well without it. The idea of freedom of contract by 
 the individual in a community where no unions exist means the competition of 
 the laborers to secure a job resulting in the lowest standard of wages, long 
 hours of toil, the inability of the parents to properly educate the oncoming gen- 
 eration, all of which in turn means very little money to be spent in the regu- 
 lar channels of trade and which determines the prosperity of the community. 
 If the workmen get good pay the business man will enjoy a good trade; if 
 poorly paid, the business interests will suffer and prosperity lurk in the dis- 
 tance. . . -..,..,, 
 
HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY 788 
 
 Frequently we see conflict between capital and labor. Neither will agree 
 to the appeals of the other. Each hurls abuse at the other and threatens dire 
 results. Labor boycotts and capital blacklists. Almost invariably it is a mis- 
 understanding of the absolute needs of the one or the other. A conservative 
 conference by both parties would doubtless reveal a means of conciliatory meth- 
 ods beneficial to all. 
 
 No organization of capital ever destroyed a combination of labor that did not, 
 or will not, again come forth stronger and more determined than ever. Both 
 are essential to the needs of society as composed to-day, and both are, or ought 
 to be, of vast benefit to society. Carefully compare the intelligence, the moral- 
 ity, the social and financial standing of a community thoroughly unionized with 
 one where no organizations exist and you will readily discern the superiority 
 of the organized community. 
 
 The spirit of fraternity existing in all unions is especially helpful to a com- 
 munity. Many a sick or decrepit brother has been kept from want through 
 acts of kindness on the part of fellow-unionists. Families of deceased members 
 have been provided with means to tide them over perils that confronted them. 
 Sanitariums, hospitals and homes have been established to care for the aged 
 and disabled members in their declining years. The railroad brotherhoods have 
 a home for disabled railroad men at Highland Park, Illinois, valued at a quar- 
 ter of a million dollars, where hundreds of the so-called "broken rails" have 
 been happily cared for. Beneath the shadow of Pike's Peak at Colorado Springs 
 the printers have established a home where consumptive and otherwise disabled 
 printers are enjoying the hospitality of their more fortunate brothers, who take 
 great pride in providing this beautiful home for the wornout typesetters, many 
 of whom are restored to health and returned to their families cured of the dread 
 disease. Six hundred thousand dollars has been spent in the purchase of lands, 
 erection of buildings, tents, annexes and cottages. The pressmen have re- 
 cently established a home in the beautiful hills of Kentucky. These homes are 
 maintained through setting aside a small fraction of the annual dues paid by 
 each member, little felt by him as he contributes his share to the maintenance 
 of an organization which pays him a hundred per cent dividend in the advanced 
 wage and improved working condition. 
 
 Occasionally a trades unionist oversteps the bounds of propriety and com- 
 mits deeds which reflect discredit upon the organization. These are to be de- 
 plored and should not be charged up to the unions, none of which approves any 
 act of violence or lawlessness. The time is fast coming when trades unionism 
 will be better understood and commended rather than condemned. 
 
 INTERNAL IMPROVEMENTS 
 
 MISCELLANEOUS 
 
 Water transportation in the early days was considered of much more im- 
 portance to the people than it is today. Then there seemed to be no question 
 about the advisability of using the streams of the state for that purpose and to 
 
784 ' HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY 
 
 assist and further make available the principle of transportation by water, various 
 canals were constructed and it seems that provision by the state was made for such 
 counties as had no canals or railroads to aid in the transportation problem. In 
 illustration of this point, we find the following entry in the county commis- 
 sioner's record of March 12, 1838. 
 
 Ordered: That the auditor of public accounts of the state of Illinois, be and 
 he is hereby authorized and requested to issue his warrant on the treasurer of 
 said state, in favor of H. J. Runkle or his order, for the amount due Knox county 
 in the appropriation to the different counties through which no railroad or 
 canal is provided to be made at the expense of the state of Illinois, as provided 
 by the eighteenth section of "an act to establish and maintain a general system 
 of internal improvements," approved February 27, 1837, and that the clerks issue 
 a certified copy of the order to the said H. J. Runkle. 
 
 This order was made to obtain what was coming to Knox county by virtue 
 of that crazy policy of internal improvements which was inaugurated in the 
 state of Illinois by the act referred to in the order and which practically an- 
 nihilated public and private credit in the state of Illinois and of the whole 
 country and gave us the most terrific financial crash that the country has ever 
 seen. It is stated on good authority that a former citizen of the city of Gales- 
 burg was a prominent broker in the city of New York at that time and that he 
 lost every cent he had and that he never after recovered from his downfall. 
 
 Another call for internal improvement funds was made by the county of 
 Knox at the June term of court and at the December term, 1838, a payment 
 was actually made to the county on account of said funds. 
 
 To H. J. Runkle, agent for Knox county to draw the appropriations by an 
 act of the legislature entitled "an act to establish and maintain a general system 
 of internal improvements" approved February 27, 1838, who was appointed at 
 the June term of this court, rendered his account as follows : 
 
 Drawn from the Fund Coms 5850. 
 
 ,, . . Treasurer's receipt filed $5800. 
 
 ^-r$> Expenses of said Runkle 49-65 
 
 .'S'^^C n days employed at $1.50 16.50 
 
 SA;.'--';:;V 'I ';::::' $5866.15 
 
 Amount drawn 5850.00 
 
 Due H. J. Runkle $ 16.15 
 
 Ordered: That the clerk issue an order on the treasurer in favor of H. J. 
 Runkle for sixteen dollars and fifteen cents for account as above stated. 
 
 Also, at the June term, 1839: 
 
 H. J. Runkle, agent, to draw the internal improvement appropriation, made an 
 additional return as follows : 
 
 One hundred and ninety-nine dollars received, Knoxville, April i8, 1839, of 
 H. J. Runkle as agent of the county of Knox, to draw the appropriation of the 
 state of Illinois, to such counties through which no railroad or canal passes 
 through the sum of one hundred and ninety-nine dollars. 
 
 . - (Signed) JOHN EADS, Treasurer. 
 
HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY '^ 785 
 
 There is another order of the court made at the March term, 1838, which will 
 be interesting reading and which is given below. It seems it was supposed that 
 there was valuable salt mines in Vermilion county, and the state claimed the 
 ownership of the same and ordered the sale of these lands, the proceeds to be 
 divided among certain counties named in the act providing for the sale. Knox 
 county was allowed $ioo of the proceeds as shown by the following order : 
 
 Ordered: That the auditor of public accounts of the state of Illinois, be and 
 he is hereby authorized and requested to issue his warrant on the treasury of 
 said state in favor of H. J. Runkle or his order for one hundred dollars, being 
 the amount appropriated to the county of Knox, out of the avails of the sales 
 of the Vermilion Saline lands by "an act making appropriations to counties 
 therein named." Approved March 4, 1837, and that the clerk issue a certified 
 copy of this order to the said H. J. Runkle. 
 
 The board of supervisors of Knox county has expressed itself on a variety 
 of subjects and apparently in a variety of ways. Sometimes the action of the 
 board has been very commendable and sometimes the action taken would not 
 be taken again after more experience and further deliberation. The following 
 resolution offered by W. S. Gale, at the January meeting, i^, forms very good 
 reading today and might with propriety be offered today by any board or even 
 any political gathering: 
 
 Resolved, That as the war for the preservation of our county and the free 
 institutions bequeathed to us by our fathers, has left our county burdened with 
 a debt, vast in proportions, and testing to their extent the endurance of the Amer- 
 ican people. 
 
 The honor of the nation requires that all this debt, and the obligations in- 
 curred in this great struggle shall be fully met and paid to the last dollar. 
 
 That the credit and commercial prosperity of the county are promoted by 
 such legislation as will insure at an early day the resumption of specie payment 
 by the government, and the return to coin as a measure of value in commercial 
 transactions. 
 
 That the people of Knox county are ready and willing to accept their re- 
 sponsibilities, and bear their full proportion of the public burdens. 
 
 That asking no other relief, and no other favors, they have a right in com- 
 mon with their fellow citizens, to expect from the national and state legislatures, 
 such legislation as will properly adjust and apportion these burdens as will 
 develop to the uttermost the industry of the country and protect the people 
 from plundering, monopolists and office holders. 
 
 That we approve of a tariff on foreign importations sufficiently high to pro- 
 tect the infant manufacturing enterprises of the country, and secure the de- 
 velopment of our vast mineral resources. 
 
 That we believe it the duty of the government to secure the opening of every 
 natural channel from the grain growing districts to the seaboard which is worth 
 the necessary outlay, and to secure within a short period a railroad communication 
 across the continent, and with the rich mines of the interior. 
 
 That we believe the control of the great highways of the country has been 
 too long intrusted to the exclusive management of men, who have no responsi- 
 bilities to the public, and who are expected to seek only the promo- 
 
 ToL 150 
 
786 . ^ HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY 
 
 tion of private interests without any regard to the wants, necessities and interests 
 of the public except so far as attention thereto may promote such private in- 
 terests. 
 
 That while we do not propose to indicate what legislation is called for in 
 the case, we are satisfied there is something which requires correction, when a 
 railroad from the city of Galesburg to the city of Chicago can, in one year, 
 without running to its full capacity, earn a sum of money equal to its entire cash 
 cost, when the road through this county to Peoria can collect rates of freight 
 which will afford a fine compensation for wagons drawn by horses. 
 
 That there is something requiring correction when we are entirely deprived 
 of the important markets of St. Louis and Cain, except in time of navigation, 
 notwithstanding we have from this county railroad communication with both, 
 from the fact that the connecting railroads are the property of different com- 
 panies and permit the passage of no freight, except with the loss and delay 
 of repeated changes of cars, and rates of freight double those charged for similar 
 distances on single lines of road. 
 
 That the construction of new competing lines of railway is not the true 
 remedy for these evils, requiring as it does an impossible outlay of capital and 
 utterly inefficacious in securing that connection of lines, and transfer of freight, 
 without suitable provision for which we can never realize the full benefits of 
 railroad transportation. 
 
 That in our opinion prompt and wise legislation to effect the opening of new 
 channels of trade, the improvement and proper control of the old, protecting 
 all the vested rights of corporation, and the inalienable rights of the people, is 
 essential to the prosperity of the country and absolutely required to enable the 
 people to support those burdens, which must be borne if the national honor is 
 to be sustained. 
 
 ENDORSEMENT OF BOARD OF HEALTH AND INSTITUTE FOR IDIOTS 
 
 April, 1866. Mr. Vaughn offered the following resolution, which was 
 adopted : Resolved, That "an act to provide for a board of health in each town- 
 ship in those counties adopting township organization" approved February i6, 
 A. D. 1865, be and the same is hereby accepted by this board. 
 
 January, 1867. Mr. Vaughn offered the following resolution, which was 
 adopted: Resolved, That in the opinion of the board of supervisors of Knox 
 county the legislature of this state should make a liberal appropriation and per- 
 manently establish the institution now in operation in this state for the school- 
 ing and intellectual elevation of idiots. And our senator and representative are 
 hereby respectfully requested to use their best efforts to accomplish this pur- 
 pose. And that the clerk of this board is hereby instructed to forward a copy 
 of this resolution to the parties above named. 
 
 CONDEMNATION OF REGISTRATION LAW 
 
 January, 1869. Mr. Lanphere offered the following resolution, which was 
 adopted : Resolved, That the enactment of the registry law of this state, ap- 
 
.. HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY 787 
 
 proved February 15, 1865, has been attended with a heavy expense to the county 
 without any aggregate returns. That in our opinion it has failed to prevent 
 illegal voting, the ostensible object of its enactment, and we therefore request 
 our member of the legislature to use all honorable means to procure its repeal. 
 
 /., ; :, CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION -, ' 
 
 '...''.'''.. .-'.. 
 
 January, 1876. Mr. Sumner offered the following resolution, which was 
 unanimously adopted: Whereas, This is the centennial of our national birth, 
 and it appearing to us eminently fitting and proper that the people should in 
 some suitable manner give expression to their gratitude and appreciation of the 
 blessings of civil liberty secured to us in the birth and continued growth and 
 prosperity of our free institutions, therefore, 
 
 Resolved, That we recommend to the citizens of the military tract to come 
 together at Galesburg on the 4th day of July next and in an appropriate man- 
 ner commemorate the centennial of our national existence. 
 
 April, 1876. Robert L. Hannaman, Esq., appeared before the board in be- 
 half of the committee on centennial celebration of the Fourth of July and in a 
 brief speech represented the action taken in favor of such general celebration 
 of the Fourth to be held in the county at Galesburg, and concluded by asking 
 on behalf of the committee that the board appropriate from the county fund 
 the sum of $2,500 or $3,000, to be expended in such centennial celebration. 
 
 On motion the request was referred to the committee on miscellaneous busi- 
 ness. 
 
 In the matter of the request for an appropriation out of the county treasury 
 to pay the expenses of a centennial Fourth of July celebration, your committee 
 would beg leave to refer the same back to the board for its action. 
 
 On motion of Mr. Holyoke the application for an appropriation in aid of 
 the centennial Fourth of July celebration was laid upon the table. 
 
 ... I. .;..... PUBLICATION OF THE PROCEEDINGS OF THE BOARD 
 
 The board always objected to the newspapers' charges for the publication of 
 its proceedings, which were considered too high. For a number of years the 
 proceedings were published in one paper and also in pamphlet form. This mat- 
 ter is pretty well explained in the following action: 
 
 September, 1876. Mr. Temple oifered the following resolution : Resolved, 
 That the printing and distribution of the proceedings of the board of supervisors 
 in pamphlet form be discontinued. 
 
 Mr. Gaines moved to amend, or substitute, that the publication of the pro- 
 ceedings of the board in the county papers be discontinued; and that in lieu 
 thereof two thousand copies of the proceedings be published in pamphlet form. 
 
 Mr. Felt moved to lay the whole matter on the table. Adopted. Those vot- 
 ing in the affirmative were : Messrs. Campbell, Bates, Felt, Gale, Dieterich, 
 Chambers, Sisson, Deatherage, McFarland, Barnett, Eiker, Woodmansee, Swi- 
 gart, Stuckey, Sloan, West and Soles, 17. Those voting in the negative were: 
 Messrs. Curtis, England, Temple, Tucker and Gaines, 5. 
 
788 HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY 
 
 Mr. Felt offered the following resolution, which was adopted : Resolved, 
 That this board will not pay any paper for publishing the proceedings of this 
 board, unless such paper shall publish a full report, as furnished by the clerk. 
 
 :; . . >' CONCENTRATION OF RAILROADS 
 
 April, 1877. Mr. Tucker presented the following resolutions, which were 
 adopted : Resolved, That whereas the concentration of all the railroads in this 
 and the adjoining counties, in a single management, seriously threatens the 
 prosperity of the community and creates an apparent absolute necessity for con- 
 cert of action for the protection of individual interests ; that there being no 
 other organization to whom it more properly belongs, we deem it right and 
 appropriate for the county board, as the representatives of the people, to adopt 
 such measures as are within its power to secure to citizens such measure of pro- 
 tection as the law can be made to afford, therefore, 
 
 Resolved, That the committee on revenue and equalization be directed to 
 inquire into and ascertain what rates of freight are charged by the railroad 
 companies on property shipped to and from points in this county ; how such 
 rates compare with charges made on other roads for like service; whether such 
 rates are exorbitant and unreasonable and contrary to law ; whether and to 
 what extent points in this county are discriminated against; what legal steps 
 can be taken, if any are thought necessary, to procure from the companies 
 modifications of their charges; what legal redress the citizens of the county 
 may have and what steps may properly be taken by the county board to pro- 
 tect its citizens. 
 
 Resolved further, that the county boards of the counties of Warren, Hender- 
 son, Mercer, Henry and Stark be invited to take similar action and to corre- 
 spond with the chairman of the committee on revenue and equalization with ref- 
 erence to calling a convention of representatives of the several boards to pro- 
 vide for united action. 
 
 Resolved, That the committee be directed to hold such sessions between this 
 and the next meeting of this board as they may deem best and that they be 
 authorized to incur such reasonable expenses as may be required to carry into 
 effect this resolution. 
 
 . . . ^/'Vs'^'- -' ' .. ' 
 
 .;!;;'*'>'' REMONETIZATION OF SILVER 
 
 January, 1878. Mr. Hale presented the following preamble and resolutions, 
 which were on motion unanimously adopted : 
 
 Whereas, From the most remote ages, and among all nations, gold and silver, 
 either exclusively, or in common with other metals, have, by common consent 
 and universal custom, as well as by the enactments of the law-making power, 
 been established, recognized and used, as the representatives of value, and the 
 mediums of exchange of property, in other words, as money ; and 
 
 Whereas, The value of all property has been measured, and the rights of 
 the creditor, and the liabilities of the debtor class, in every community, have 
 
HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY 789 
 
 been fixed, limited and defined, by the conjoint money power of these two 
 metals; and 
 
 Whereas, During the years 1873-74, in an obscure, indirect, oblique if not 
 in a clandestine, surreptitious manner silver was in these United States deprived 
 of its main nioney power; thus, in its immediate and remote consequences (if per- 
 sisted in), causing a greater disturbance in values, and a greater convulsion 
 and revolution in every civil and social relation, than any event that has trans- 
 pired in the history of the country, whereby the purchasing power of the money 
 remaining, that is, gold, is greatly increased, but only by the great depreciation 
 in the selling power of property; whereby the value of all securities and the 
 profits of all creditors are greatly increased, but only by a great increase in the 
 burdens and liabilities of all debtors ; whereby the rich are to be made richer, and 
 the poor poorer; and 
 
 Whereas, Acts of legislation are pending in the congress of the United States 
 having in the purpose the repeal of this unjust, unequal, and injurious legislation, 
 and the restoration to silver of its original full money power : Now, therefore, 
 be it 
 
 Resolved, by this board of supervisors, representing in this expression the 
 almost unanimous voice of the people of Knox county, that we denounce as 
 unjust, unequal, partial and injurious, the legislation that was resorted to for 
 the demonetization of silver, and demand its repeal. 
 
 Resolved further. That the senators and members of the house of repre- 
 sentatives, from this state, have our hearty approval and support in their ef- 
 forts to secure such repeal. 
 
 Resolved further. That we respectfully but earnestly present these views to 
 the president of the United States, with the hope that he will unite with the 
 ether departments of the government in restoring silver, as money, to the circula- 
 tion of the country. 
 
 Resolved further. That these resolutions be spread upon the records, and a 
 copy thereof be furnished to the member of congress from this district, to the 
 senators from this state, and to the president of the United States. 
 
 INDUSTRIAL SCHOOL FOR GIRLS ' 
 
 January, i88i, 1883. Mr. Gale (W. S.) offered the following resolution, 
 which was made the order of business for 2:30 o'clock this afternoon: 
 
 Resolved, That this board request the state senator and representatives from 
 this district to endeavor to have repealed so much of the law referring to industrial 
 school for girls, as makes the counties from which inmates are sent responsible 
 for their support. 
 
 Mr. Gale (G. W.), committee on almshouse and paupers, read bills of alms- 
 house for that institution, previously examined by the committee, and after a 
 partial reading of said bills, the further reading of such bills was suspended, 
 and the special order of the hour being called, it being 2 130, the resolutici offered 
 this morning by Mr. Gale (G. W.) was called up. 
 
 The ladies representing the auxiliary society of the Illinois Industrial school 
 
790 HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY 
 
 for girls being present, were heard upon the resolution, and after a free dis- 
 . cussion the resolution of Mr. Gale was adopted. 
 
 \,', January, 1883. The following is taken from report of committee on mis- 
 ; cellaneous business, read by Mr. Mathews : 
 
 ' -. That in the matter of resolution from the county clerk of McLean county, in 
 
 : the matter of industrial school for girls, we endorse the same and recommend 
 
 '. that a copy of same be printed as part of the record. 
 
 All of which is respectfully submitted. 
 
 R. G. MATHEWS, 
 
 . . : : , HARVEY MONTGOMERY, 
 !."..>, ' , ^ ;, ^. ,-.':".-.', ::'*.';,.. W. A. BOYDSTUN, 
 
 Committee. 
 
 The following is a copy of the resolution referred to in the foregoing report: 
 .' ; Resolved, That we request our senator, Hon. J. W. Fifer, and our representa- 
 tive in the legislature, Hons. LaFayette Funk, Simeon H. West and Thos. F. 
 ^. Mitchell, to use all honorable efforts to secure a repeal of the "act to aid industrial 
 
 school for girls," or at least so much thereof as makes counties liable in any way 
 
 . for the expense of maintaining such schools, or the expense of sending girls to 
 
 such schools. , ; 
 
 On motion of Mr. Eiker said report was accepted and the recommendations 
 of the committee concurred in, and the clerk directed to issue orders in accord- 
 ance therewith. 
 
 : \; ri-t; DESTRUCTIVE FLOODS, MARCH, 1883 
 
 March, 1883. Mr. Latimer, chairman of the road and bridge committee, 
 
 ; ; stated that the bridges of the county had been badly damaged by the recent 
 
 :/ floods. The Trenton bridge is gone; also the bridge at London Mills, and the 
 
 ; bridge known as Cedar Creek bridge in Indian Point. The Burnett bridge at 
 
 . '' Maquon is badly damaged. The bridge at London Mills is a county bridge. 
 
 -' Fulton county has authorized its commissioners to rebuild or replace the bridge 
 
 -. ' on the same conditions as it was originally built. So far no proposition has been 
 
 . :,: made by contractors, with reference to the old bridge, that is more advantageous 
 
 : ' to the county than to sell it for old iron ; some contractors refuse to consider the 
 
 .' old bridge at any price. Its original cost was about $3,000. It is probable that 
 
 :. : contracts can be made to rebuild this bridge for about $2,000, and the old one 
 
 : turned in as old iron in part payment. The Rio and Henderson bridges, here- 
 
 ' ; to fore ordered, are in process of construction, and in some of the towns the 
 
 construction of stone abutments has been contracted. 
 
 He stated further that he had considerable correspondence with different 
 
 ; bridge contractors, and had learned that unless contracts were made at once 
 
 '. Knox county would have to wait until fall for the completion of her bridges, so 
 
 many bridges throughout this state and other states having been washed away, 
 
 and he recommended that contracts for such bridges as we require be made at 
 
 ' , once. 
 
 (Mr. Robson said he thought the committee, in making contracts, should be 
 \ confined to bridges, the abutments for which had been constructed and approved 
 
 .' , 'Vi';"--'' . '/,..',, \ '-' ' 'V' ' ;.;".- ,t .-..,. ,^. -: . - i : 'i- . . ; 
 
 .- ' : -'.^ *:'iiX;^'/ ' ' . ' - . -. ' ',''';-.''/'.','''' -';"' ' '. '..:'''"'-'' 
 
HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY 791 
 
 of by the committee. This course should be pursued for the protection of the 
 county and as a guarantee of good and substantial work. Clerk.) 
 
 After some discussion Mr. Robson offered the following resolution : 
 
 Resolved, That the road and bridge committee be, and is hereby authorized, 
 in connection with a like committee from Fulton county, the same to act jointly, 
 to rebuild or replace the bridge at London Mills, on abutments and approaches 
 to be built by the town of Chestnut in Knox county and the town of Hickory in 
 Fulton county, to the satisfaction of said committee. 
 
 Mr. May offered the following amendment: . ' 
 
 Strike out all after the words "to act jointly" and then add "to rebuild or 
 repair the iron bridge and approaches at London Mills on abutments to be built 
 by the town of Chestnut in Knox county and the town of Hickory in Fulton 
 county, to the satisfaction of said committee." ' '':.': 
 
 (It was objected that the resolution as amended was contrary to the usual 
 custom of the county in this, that by it the county assumed the cost of con- 
 structing the approaches to the bridge and it would constitute a precedent 
 whereby the towns, in the future, might claim the same relief. 
 
 In favor of the amendment it was argued that this bridge was exceptional 
 and could not be cited as a precedent. It is located on the county line, and the 
 resolution as amended corresponds with the action of Fulton county, and unless 
 the same action is had by Knox county no progress could be made on the work 
 until after another meeting of the Fulton county board. Qerk.) 
 
 And thereupon Mr. May's amendment was adopted. 
 
 And the question recurring on the resolution of Mr. Robson, as amended, 
 and a vote having been taken, said resolution as amended was carried. 
 
 Mr, Wertman offered the following resolution, which was adopted : 
 
 Resolved, That the road and bridge committee be instructed to examine the 
 piers on Spoon river at the bridge known as Trenton bridge and, if found suit- 
 able, to place thereon an iron bridge suitable for the place. And if the piers 
 are not found good and substantial that said committee be authorized to con- 
 struct a bridge at that place as soon as the town of Truro makes said piers to 
 the approval of said committee. 
 
 On motion of Mr. Wertman the road and bridge committee were authorized 
 to sell the old Trenton bridge on Spoon river to the best advantage. 
 
 On motion of Dr. Foote the joint committee of Knox and Fulton counties 
 were authorized to dispose of the old bridge at London Mills as they see fit. 
 
 Mr. Harden stated that the bridge at Cedar Creek ought to be of iron, and 
 moved that the matter be referred to the road and bridge committee with power 
 to act and that said committee be authorized to dispose of the old wreck to the 
 best advantage. Carried. 
 
 April, 1883. Mr. Latimer read the following report of the committee on 
 roads and bridges: 
 
 -, - ..'. . '-., - ,'''.^- 
 .- '' -' j' 1 ' r' ^- '. ' '" '.V . ' * ' 
 
 
HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY 
 
 ' f' ' State of Illinois, - ^ s' ^^*:';; >^ 
 
 ' . - . . TT /- ^ SS. -; '. . '.'':.- : ' ' . 
 
 ;. '. Knox County. \ . .. r v 
 
 ,' :; Board of Supervisors April Term, A. D. 1883 
 
 .'A; Mr. Chairman and Gentlemen of the Board of Supervisors: 
 ...-,' Your committee, to whom were referred the matters pertaining to roads 
 
 ; . , ; and bridges, would beg leave to submit the following report: 
 :'^ ^ On matters referred to us at special meeting March 20 we report as fol- 
 
 ' : i lows: We met with the Fulton county committee at London Mills on 26th of 
 March and received bids from five different bridge companies, and we accepted 
 
 .' , the bid from the King Iron Bridge company for the erection of an iron truss 
 - bridge 120 feet long, at the sum of ($2,563) twenty-five hundred and sixty-three 
 
 ' : dollars and the old bridge to be completed by the ist of June next, and also 
 ;- - / received proposals for the erection of the approaches, but have not yet con- 
 
 tracted for the same. We also contracted with the Massilloq Bridge company, 
 y '; Ohio, for the erection of the three bridges ordered by this board, namely, one 
 
 '.-' in Jndian Point, 66 feet; one in Henderson, 46^ feet; one in Rio, 46^ feet, 
 : to be completed twenty-five days after notification of completion of the ma- 
 . sonry, at eleven dollars and seventy-five cents ($11.75) P^r lineal foot, the 
 same five companies competing. 
 
 ' The committee visited Walnut Creek site for bridge, and under the instruc- 
 
 . , tions of this board we agreed with the commissioners of said town of Walnut 
 
 . Grove to place an iron structure, on completion of stone work, to the satisfac- 
 
 . , '. tion of this committee, and the bridge will be contracted for by your present 
 
 . ; committee. We visited the Truro bridge and found the abutments of no ac- 
 
 ' count. We sold the old bridge for one hundred seventy-six dollars and twenty- 
 
 ; ..; five cents ($176.25), which amount is now in hands of chairman of this com- 
 
 ; '.;. mittee for your disposal. The old wooden bridge at Cedar creek is not yet 
 
 disposed of. 
 
 ,. We further report on matters referred to us at this meeting, the following 
 
 bills be allowed: -. :' . ,/ ;': -V;- . !: : / j 
 
 ; . J. W. McCutchen, com. work and mileage $3-3O 
 
 ' . J. A. Shaffer, com. work and mileage 5.00 
 
 ' ' ' ; A. L. Smith, com. work and mileage 7.80 
 
 '. The appropriation asked for Haw creek in aid of .repairs of Burnett bridge, 
 
 , we recommend be allowed and the amount of ($300) three hundred dollars be 
 .: . issued by the clerk in favor of the highway commissioners of said town. .- . 
 
 J. S. LATIMER, ^ ^r- '^ 
 
 y ,>;/::, v^ . WILLIAM A. BOYDSTUN, ';;-'% 
 
 ;, - :>"'.^ [' ;, - ' . . ,.:\ ' ' ' ' '- JAMES PADEN, :>' 
 
 ',-.*';'".*-- ' ' - - . " ''- ' ' I ^^* f-" * IvEiKf ' , ' ' ' 
 
 '.--''. I'l" ' , .-...' .,*.. .'' -''.'. ' '',-*-'', 
 
 ''"''.' '^}'-' ''..' , . .,'.. ',>'.;.'/' ' ' ;,\ JOHN SLOAN, 
 
 '"'''' ' Committee, 
 
 i On motion of Mr. Gale, said report was accepted and its recommendations 
 concurred in, and the clerk directed to issue orders in accordance therewith. 
 
 On motion of Mr. Gale, Mr. Latimer was directed to pay into the county 
 treasury the money received from the sale of the Trenton bridge. 
 
V vi HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY . : 793 
 
 DRAM SHOP LICENSE 
 
 ''- September, 1889. In report of committee on miscellaneous business we 
 find the following: . 
 
 In the matter of the petition from Truro township asking the board to grant 
 one, G. O. Tucker, licensed to keep a dram shop in Williamsfield, your commit- 
 tee would refer the same back to the board for their action. 
 
 On motion of Mr. Gale, the board took up the question of license. 
 
 Moved by Mr. Becker that the prayer of the petitioners for dram shop 
 license be refused. Carried. 
 
 GALESBURG BOARD OF PARK COMMISSIONERS 
 
 July, 1894. The following communication was read and referred to the 
 judiciary committee: . - 
 
 GALESBURG, 111., June 22, 1894. 
 To the Honorable Board of Stipennsors of Knox County: 
 
 The undersigned, constituting the board of park commissioners of the city 
 of Galesburg, respectfully represents that they have as such commissioners 
 charge of the city park adjoining the courthouse grounds owned by the county. 
 The two tracts lie contiguous, and, there being no intersecting streets, they con- 
 stitute in appearance one park. It would greatly improve the appearance to 
 have the trees in both tracts uniformly trimmed and the lawns and walks kept 
 clean and in good condition. Untrimmed trees, dead trees and unkept lawns 
 in either tract of land necessarily disfigure and mar the symmetry of the other. 
 While we have official charge of the city park, the west half of said grounds, 
 we tender our unofficial service to the county in taking charge of the court- 
 house grounds, we offer to superintend the trimming of trees, the removal of 
 dead limbs and dead trees, caring for the lawn and keeping the walks clear 
 of grass and weeds and the planting of trees and shrubbery with the advice 
 of the sheriff and perform all duties connected with properly caring for said 
 grounds the same as we care for the city park. " 
 
 Our services, whether of any particular value or not, would be gratuitous. 
 If permitted to take charge of your grounds, the only expense would be neces- 
 sary bills for labor, and for any material purchased for use on said grounds. 
 
 We respectfully suggest that the trees on the court house grounds now 
 very much need trimming, and that a trivial expense for unskilled labor under 
 the direction of a person experienced in caring for trees will greatly improve the 
 appearance of the grounds. This proposal is not intended and should not be 
 construed as in the slightest degree criticising the condition of the county 
 grounds. ; ?. . 
 
 , , Our view is that uniformity in the care of the park and court house grounds 
 will be of benefit and add much to the beauty of both. .-.,.... 
 
 Very respectfully, . . 
 
 :\^'^:^^f ;; 3^ J. V. N. STANDISH, HENRY GARDT, 
 
 ' V:^-; 'V/- ' ;; "^ P- F. BROWN, J. W. HAMMOND, 
 
 :v^ \;>'V';r ;?; >^-,: HIRAM MARS, , ,; O. F. PRICE. 
 
,r 794 , HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY 
 
 . Mr. Gale presented the following resolution which was adopted: 
 
 Resolved, That until further action of the board, the park commissioners of 
 the city of Galesburg be authorized to take charge of the court house grounds 
 
 ;.. in terms and manner proposed in the communication at this meeting read, from 
 said park commissioners. 
 
 Referring to the proposition from the park commissioners of the city of 
 Galesburg to take charge of the court house grounds, your committee are of 
 the opinion that it is inexpedient to place the care of the grounds in other hands 
 than the officers of the county, and that an attempt to give partial control to 
 
 others might result in complications and make it difficult to define the responsi- 
 
 ' bilities of the officers in general charge. The committee fully appreciates the 
 motives that prompted the offer of service and recommend that the sheriff and 
 
 '. janitor be directed to give more care to the proper trimming of the trees and 
 
 =. care of the grounds and avail themselves of the advantages of frequent con- 
 sultations with the park commissioners, and that the sheriff be authorized to 
 
 '; incur reasonable and necessary expenses in carrying out these directions. 
 
 : . . " . INVESTIGATION OF CRUELTY AT ALMSHOUSE 
 
 July, 1894. A petition was presented requesting the board to investigate the 
 charges of cruelty to an idiotic boy confined in the almshouse, John Moore by 
 name, by the authorities thereof by snipping or cutting off strips of skin for 
 : the purpose of grafting upon the arm of another inmate. Said petition being 
 signed by J. D. Moore, J. B. Miller, J. U. Pickrel, J. D. Housh and eighty-two 
 others, residents of the county. . .- . 
 
 Mr. Gale moved that the petition be referred to the almshouse committee 
 with instructions to investigate and report to the board. 
 
 : ; Mr. Pickrel moved to amend so that the petiton be referred to a special 
 
 -'> committee. Yeas, J. F. Latimer, Fd. A. Felt, W. H. Wiley, R. H. Pickrel, John 
 R. Young, John McCrea, 6. 
 
 Nays, W. S. Gale. J. L. Burkhalter, Nels Nelson, C. E. Allen, Isaac Callen- 
 der, H. M. Sisson, Alex Heflin, Henry M. Reece, J. S. Simpson, Malcom Smith, 
 ' Wm. Robson, F. C. Beamiore, Frederick Becker, J. F. Hubbell, R. A. Lower, 
 B. F. Pitman, John G. Fmery, 17. Amendment lost. 
 
 The question recurring on the motion of Mr. Gale the same was adopted by 
 ; a viva voce vote. 
 
 Mr. Robson of the same committee, read the following additional report, 
 ; which, on motion of Mr. Sisson, was adopted: 
 
 In the matter of the complaint of cruelty to Jake Moore, at the almshouse, 
 
 by the superintendent and county physician, referred to the committee for in- 
 
 '. vestigation, we find the undisputable facts to be : Anne Kendahl, a young woman 
 
 : suffering from the effects of a severe burn, and otherwise in ill health, was a 
 
 temporary inmate of the almshouse. She was of a poor, respectable family, 
 
 had been employed at the time of the accident as a domestic, and was spoken 
 
 of as a well mannered, industrious girl, and she enlisted sympathy by the bravery 
 
 with which she bore her misfortunes. 
 
 Some portions of the burned surface failed to heal, and the loss of one arm 
 
^ i,;:: '.;V HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY 795 
 
 was declared by the surgeon almost inevitable with any ordinary treatment. A 
 relief was hoped for by resorting to the process of skin-grafting. There was 
 at the same time a permanent inmate of the almshouse a young man in perfect 
 health, with fine physical development an idiot or intellectual paralytic with 
 no defect in vocal organs, unable to speak, with no more apparent reason than 
 the least intelligent of domestic animals, requiring as constant care as the most 
 helpless infant. 
 
 To this person the surgeon resorted to procure the necessary bits of skin to 
 supply the wants of the patient. So far as the patient is concerned the operation 
 seems to be successful and the prospect good for her discharge after a time, 
 with use of both arms, not entirely perfect, but sufficient to enable her to provide 
 for herself and remove the danger of her becoming a permanent public charge. 
 
 As to her, the acts of the surgeon were eminently wise and humane, and he 
 is entitled to credit and consideration for his courage and skill and he has rendered 
 valuable service to the county. 
 
 As to the man. It is claimed that the operation of taking minute pieces of 
 the outer skin is not very painful, and such is the testimony of a well known 
 citizen of Galesburg, who underwent the same operation for the benefit of a 
 . friend. '' ^ ; 
 
 That it has not permanently injured him is apparent on examination, aside 
 from the pain and uneasiness, he suffered no inconvenience as he had nothing to 
 do. 
 
 Of course the consent of the young man was not asked, he was not capable 
 of giving consent or of being made to comprehend what was wanted. 
 
 If he could have had a moment of reason it might have been called to his 
 attention, that from infancy to manhood he had been cared for by others and 
 for many years by persons who had no interest in him and on whom he had no 
 other claims than his helplessness, that no man of his age in the county had 
 greater prospects of a life prolonged to old age and that for all the years tq 
 come he must remain the same heavy charge. That this was the one time in all 
 his life that he might render some service to others in return. Incapable of con- 
 sidering or acting for himself, the superintendent assumed the right to act for 
 him in this case as in others. 
 
 The superintendent failed to consult the relatives of the man living in the 
 county, but three years before taking charge of the institution, he found the 
 man there, and from that time to this no communication has been received from 
 anyone on his account, no one claiming to be his friend has visited or inquired 
 for him, none had in any way contributed to the cost of his keeping, those to 
 whom a legal liability to contribute attached were presumably unable. The 
 superintendent considered him abandoned to the county and supposed the of- 
 ficials of the county were expected to use their own judgment and discretion in 
 his management, care and support. 
 
 The committee fail to find any good foundation for charges of cruelty or of 
 wilful and unnecessary injury to the young man. They believe the efforts of 
 
 "-.--- .1 ' ' v- ''.' ' ' . .. ''' '. ' ' ' .--"' ''.,"*'* ' , rt ->'>-*.- ; '.^f ' *.' V ., 
 
 '.' : 't ' - -^ ' . '-:' ' - - - .','.' ' ;.!.. ' _ -...- ^- -. : '.-: . 
 
; r : 796 ; : HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY 
 
 ::> the surgeon made with the approval of the superintendent were well meant and 
 ; skillfully applied and were in the interest of humanity and of the public service. 
 
 >. ;: . . . . WM. ROBSON, 
 
 "'"'/':'-. ''^' " '" - -' '''.' ';'.'. ^'-.r:^ ''''; J- S. SIMPSON, 
 
 ;-';- ,^ '.' , ' ' : ' ? ':t 'o. -:.'''" W. F. STANTON, 
 
 ' -. . '.^v ;.'!;' ROUT. BYRAM, 
 
 . ;^ V ; . ^' , R. A. LOWER, 
 
 -.. -,''v- V -,;'- " "'. ^ '''^'- ;'''.'- .- Committee, 
 
 ' >" ORPHANS HOME SOCIETY 
 
 September, 1894. The following communication from the Orphans' Home 
 society was read and referred to the same committee : 
 
 Illinois Children's Home Society, 
 
 ' ': :,?.. ' ;:. Chicago, August 29, 1894. 
 
 To the Honorable Board of Supervisors of Knox County, III.: 
 Gentlemen : 
 
 I take pleasure in handing you a list of the children taken from your county, 
 with date when received, name of child, from whom received, at what place, etc. 
 This society will be glad to co-operate with you in the care of your home- 
 less, dependent children and will do so on terms already agreed upon, which 
 I think will be mutually pleasant and helpful to you and beneficial to the tax- 
 payers. When a child of sound mind and body is received by us we will under- 
 take to care for it permanently, placing it in a carefully selected and well ap- 
 proved family home, with constant local oversight until of legal age. 
 
 Trusting that the relations of this society and your board may continue to 
 be mutually pleasant and helpful, I am, 
 
 :'; Very respectfully, - ...V; > I '->: ^;--.- ^ . 
 
 ;...v-v,\;>. ,. ^^ : ;, :'/.:. ^ , ,>..,''.,'-(;:''.;:':; GEO. K. HOOVER. 
 
 ' - ;.'. ' ' 
 
 .;.'_ = /"=^^^ EIGHTH ANNUAL CONVENTION OF SUPERVISORS, MARCH, 
 
 '.. Annual conventions of delegates representing the boards of supervisors from 
 the counties under township organization had been held annually, beginning in 
 the year 1887. Our board did not send representatives until the winter of 1895. 
 W. Selden Gale and William Robson were the representatives, and their report 
 is so full of interesting matter that it is given in full. 
 
 Mr. Gale of the special committee appointed at the December meeting of 
 this board to represent the county at the state convention of supervisors and 
 county commissioners, submitted the following report: 
 To the Honorable Board of Supervisors, Knox County, Illinois: 
 
 The committee appointed at the December meeting of the board to attend 
 the eighth annual convention of supervisors to be held at Edwardsville on the 
 1 5th day of January begs leave to report. 
 
 The undersigned only of the committee were able to fill the appointment, 
 Mr. Stephenson, unfortunately, being detained at home by private business. 
 
v\;V: HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY ' 797 
 
 '; . r -**' ; ' - 
 
 - .-'.^ .''.' 
 
 There were present at the convention, besides the members of the Madison 
 county board, one hundred delegates from forty counties. 
 
 The convention was mostly composed of gentlemen who had been connected 
 with their county boards for several years, and the design of the meeting was 
 to permit discussions on matters especially pertaining to the management of 
 county affairs, comparisons of methods and exchange of views drawn from per- 
 sonal experience. 
 
 The matters most freely discussed in the formal meetings and in the con- 
 versations among members were those that occupy the si)ecial attention of the 
 boards at the regular meetings. Revenue taxation, road and bridges, care of 
 poor and insane. 
 
 As to the care of the insane, the opinion was unanimous and intensely felt. 
 Men familiar with the management of insane in counties could form no other 
 opinion or fail to realize its overshadowing importance. 
 
 Even in counties like our own, where all has been done that can well be 
 done for the care of those unfortunates, the deficiencies are only too apparent, 
 when we compare them with the state institutions, where, with larger numbers 
 to provide for, due classification can be made, suitable provision made for each 
 class and physicians and nurses with thorough special training supplied. 
 
 An enlargement of some of the existing institutions and the addition of a 
 new institution, with capacity equal to the largest of those belonging to the 
 state, would be still less than a fully adequate provision and ought not to be 
 at all delayed. 
 
 The question is not of cost, but of efficiency. It matters little whether the 
 expense is borne by the people throughout the county or the state. Compari- 
 sons were made of the methods of supporting the poor by counties and by the 
 towns, as prevails under former special legislation in some counties. 
 
 It was claimed where the expenses are paid from the town funds more care 
 was used to avoid unnecessary and excessive use of money and closer scrutiny 
 of bills than when town officers made the bills and the county paid them. 
 
 It was also claimed that great pressure was often brought to bear upon the 
 supervisor in favor of individuals not always deserving by friends of the claim- 
 ant, who are ready to make their influence felt by their votes. Oftentimes per- 
 sons become fixed on the counties as pensioners and cannot, without difficulty, 
 be shaken off, very little credit being given the supervisors for resisting claims 
 in favor of the town on the county fund. 
 
 As an illustration an experience in Adams county was given, where, after, 
 under the statute, a county agent was appointed to relieve the supervisor in 
 Quincy, the cost was reduced from $16,000 to $8,000 per annum. The super- 
 visor elected in the city could not free himself from the local pressure, in large 
 part coming from saloonkeepers. 
 
 A resolution was offered asking the legislature to provide for a change 
 from county support of poor to town support in any county where the people, 
 at an election to be called for the purpose, should so decide. The committee 
 to whom it was referred reported adversely, and by a majority vote of counties 
 the report was sustained. 
 
 Reason given it would throw an undue proportion of the cost of the poor 
 
798 HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY 
 
 on towns containing villages and practically exempt farming towns from that 
 tax, under present conditions the poor being driven into the village for shelter. 
 
 The discussion fully confirmed your committee in the opinion that the sys- 
 tem into which this county has drifted is, take it all in all, the best. 
 
 We have provided a comfortable alms house, where the worthy poor can meet 
 kind and humane treatment, and we insist that all persons, as a condition of 
 receiving aid from the county, should, if able to go, be taken to the alms house. 
 
 Leaving to the small towns and trusting to the humanity of their people 
 to provide occasional relief to those in temporary want. Some counties go 
 further than ours in providing for medical attendance on the poor to be sup- 
 plied by contract. They make contracts in every town, the cost usually being 
 somewhat in proportion to population. 
 
 The convention was addressed, as by appointment, by Mr. Charles W. 
 Thomas of Belleville on equitable taxation. Mr. Thomas has very pronounced 
 views and a very energetic delivery. ;.:/'- 
 
 He declared our system of assessment and taxation the worst in existence 
 this side of Turkey. 
 
 He insisted that the increase in wealth in this country is in franchise and 
 privileges in far greater degree than in tangible property, and this vast amount : 
 of wealth, for the most part, escapes taxation. .. f 
 
 He denounced the state board of equalization and its methods in the valua- 
 tion of corporate property. He instanced the action of the board as to rail- 
 roads. He said when the board first assessed the railroads they put an assess- 
 ment upon their capital stock in addition to the value put on visible property; 
 that this being resisted by the railroads, it was suspended during years of liti- 
 gation. That the courts of final resort sustained the assessment, but that from 
 that time to this the board had never made another assessment of such capital 
 stock. He stated the valuation and the actual earnings of the Chicago & Alton 
 railroad, claiming that property was undervalued. 
 
 He explained and strongly advocated the system of assessment proposed in 
 the report of the revenue commission of '86, by which the revenue for the 
 state should be derived from taxation of railroads, and other property and 
 franchise, which shall be exempt from taxation for local purposes, making the 
 several counties independent of each other in assessments, and take from 
 assessors the motive for competition in lowering values. Mr. Thomas was ill 
 and unable to complete his address which was listened to with great interest. 
 
 In conversation among members during recess, some exceptions were taken 
 to some of Mr. Thomas' positions. A former member of the board of equaliza- 
 tion fully agreed that the property of corporations was, in many cases grossly 
 under-valued. But while the railroad property seemed under-valued as com- 
 pared with some descriptions of property, as compared with all the .property 
 in the state, it paid more than its fair proportion. 
 
 When the board of equalization put an assessment upon the capital stock of 
 railroads, their visible property was estimated at not more than cost of replace- 
 ment, that the assessment on capital stock was designed to cover the difference 
 between such cost and actual value. That this mode being objected to, the board 
 
> -v^;^ ;-'" HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY ' ' 799 
 
 attempted to put a value on the visible property based, not on apparent cost, but 
 upon its earning capacity, and this method has since been followed. 
 
 It appeared also, that the tax on the Chicago & Alton railroad, as stated by 
 Mr, Thomas, was somewhat higher than it would be under the rule proposed by 
 the revenue commission. 
 
 A gentleman from Rock Island introduced a proposition for taxation of real 
 estate mortgages as an interest on the land. 
 
 On this resolution and the address of Mr. Thomas, the committee on taxa- 
 tion, Mr. Gale, chairman, reported as follows : 
 
 In the matter of the resolution referred to the committee in regard to taxa- 
 tion of mortgage interests on land: they are not prepared to recommend the 
 passage of this resolution in its precise terms, they recommend an expression of 
 opinion by the convention that encumbered real estate should be assessed against 
 the owner of the equity and of the encumbrance, according to the proportionate 
 value of the several interests. 
 
 As to the matters presented to the convention in the able address of Mr. 
 Thomas, the committee recommend the convention ask of the legislature careful 
 consideration of plans to provide for the revenue required for the expenses of 
 the state from other sources than the assessed valuation of property, leaving the 
 several counties independent of each other, in matter of assessment and collec- 
 tion of revenue. And the further elimination of the element of competition 
 among assessors in law valuations, by providing for assessments by county of- 
 ficers, basing the levies for county, town and municipal purposes on the valuations 
 made by such county officers. 
 
 The first item of the report was adopted with some opposition. The second 
 item unanimously adopted. . ..:''.. 
 
 The committee on permanent highways and bridges submitted a report in 
 two propositions. 
 
 First, the appointment of a non-partisan commission to have general super- 
 vision of the roads of the state, the manner of constructing, with duty to make 
 surveys and ascertain character and location of materials for said construction, 
 etc. 
 
 Second, allowing county boards to submit to the people of their counties 
 the proposition to adopt a county road system, with a board of commissioners 
 to take charge of the roads in the county and employ engineers, requiring all 
 road work to be done under the direction of the county commissioners and 
 county engineers, classifying the roads constructing the more important at the 
 general expense of the county. 
 
 The chairman of the committee, Mr. Baldwin, of LaSalle county, the author 
 of the profMDsition, sustained the report in a well prepared and forcible address. 
 
 He dwelt upon the great losses to farmers by want of constant access to 
 markets over good roads compared the roads of Illinois to those of European 
 countries ancient and modern declared that with all our progress in civilization 
 and our improvements, our roads were getting, year by year, worse, under waste- 
 ful and insufficient expenditures and want of system. 
 
 Other speakers followed, sustaining the chairman of the committee. Refer- 
 ence was made to the supply of stone, especially near Joliet, to the use of con- 
 
800 ' HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY 
 
 vict labor on the roads. A gentleman from Quincy proposed a levy tax on 
 successions from 2 to 50 per cent, increasing as the value of estate increase, the 
 proceeds to be applied to highways. As usual the Appian way was referred to. 
 
 The first speech in opposition was hy a gentleman from Iroquois, who had 
 spent part of his life in sight of European military roads, who had practical 
 knowledge of roads in a country level in its surface without any material for 
 hard roads. 
 
 Your delegates felt bound to represent the feeling so decidedly expressed in 
 the Fanners' Institute of Knox county. Others rapidly followed in opposition 
 to the proposition. It was claimed we had already a system of public highways in 
 our magnificent railroads connecting the remote districts with the commercial 
 centers, a system more perfect and complete than ever till our times was known 
 to the world. Carrying men and goods at an economy of time and cost till now 
 undreamed of Amoving freight the length of the state as cheaply as by horse 
 and wagon over good roads for ten miles. 
 
 We were told to compare the Appian way with the Chicago & Alton railroad. 
 
 We were reminded that the roads of Illinois that are maintained at the cost 
 of the tax payer are neighborhood roads leading to the nearest station and 
 few townships are without a railroad station and that such roads will be most 
 properly cared for by the people interested in their use. 
 
 The statement that the roads of the state were not improving was on all 
 hands denied. Gentlemen from counties that have within a few years adopted 
 township organization declared their roads are better cared for under the town- 
 ship system. 
 
 There is a spirit of emulation in the towns and taxes are more cheerfully 
 paid, and liberally levied when the people feel an interest in the application. 
 
 It was urged that it was only a question of local option. No county need 
 adopt the system if opposed by the people, to which it was replied, that it was 
 not merely local option, as it might give the power to a portion of the county 
 by combination, to control expenditures to the prejudice of other portions. The 
 report was rejected by an overwhelming majority followed by continued applause. 
 
 A proposition recommending the amendment of the road and bridge laws, 
 to give counties the option to discontinue collection of poll tax was vigorously de- 
 bated and passed by a small majority. 
 
 A proposition was adopted recommending passage of a law requiring semi- 
 annual report to supervisors from state's attorneys. 
 
 One recommended making the state's attorney ineligible for re-election was 
 rejected. 
 
 A draft of a bill for amendment of the Australian ballot law was introduced, 
 coming from the Adams county board and endorsement of convention asked. 
 
 The object was to more clearly define the provisions of the act as applying to 
 the town election, while the object was approved the bill was too complex to 
 be intelligently passed upon by the convention in the limited time. There was 
 general expression of opinion in conversation that the law ought not to have 
 been made to apply to town meetings in rural townships. 
 
 A committee was appointed, requested to personally present the recommenda- 
 tion of the convention to the legislature. Mr. Eades, of LaSalle (chairman of 
 
'1? ; HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY ;; 801 
 
 convention) ; Miller, of St. Clair; Collins, of Adams; Gale, of Knox; Irwin, of 
 Tazewell; Hay, of McLean; Conklin, of Iroquois. 
 
 A committee was directed to call the 9th annual convention to meet at Kan- 
 kakee, January, 1896. 
 
 Your committee believe the interests of the state will be promoted by annual 
 convention of supervisors for consultation, exchange of views and comparison of 
 methods. That the value will be in proportion to the attention given them and 
 the more or less full representation of counties. They recommend the passage 
 of resolution calling the matter to the attention of the board of '95 and advis- ' .' ;^.\ 
 ing the sending of delegates to the convention of '96. . 'v 
 
 ...... ... ,. , . W. SELDEN GALE, 
 
 ' "' ' ' WILLIAM ROBSON. 
 
 In connection with the foregoing report, Mr. Simpson offered the follow-i " ! ' 
 ing resolution, which was adopted: - ; 
 
 Resolved, That the foregoing report be adopted and that we hereby extend 
 a vote of thanks to Messrs. Gale and Robson, our representatives to the state 
 convention of supervisors and county commissioners of this state, for the full 
 and complete report presented by them of the proceedings of the convention. 
 And we would hereby most heartily endorse the action of the convention in its 
 adoption of the report of its committee on legislation, recommending to the leg- 
 islature the careful consideration of plans to provide for the revenue required 
 for the expenses of the state from other sources than the assessed valuation 
 of property, and we would also hereby approve their recommendation of calling 
 the attention of the board of 1895 to the convention which will meet in Kan- 
 kakee in January, 1896, and their advising of the sending of delegates to that 
 meeting. 
 
 April, 1904. Mr. Robson offered . the following resolution, which was 
 adopted : 
 
 Be It Resolved, That as the next regular state convention of county com- 
 missioners, supervisors and clerks is to be held in Galesburg in 1905, the chair- 
 man of the county board appoint a special committee of seven, the chairman 
 of the board to be a member thereof, to make arrangements for said meeting. 
 
 Mr. Rebstock announced the following special committee on arrangements 
 for state convention of county commissioners, supervisors and county clerks, to . 
 be held in Galesburg, Illinois, in 1905: Messrs. Robson, Clark, Swanson, Mc- 
 Williams, McDowell and Cowan. .,.,, . 
 
 December, 1904. Mr. Robson offered the following resolution, which was .. - ,. 
 adopted: ' 
 
 Resolved, That the special committee on arrangements for the state con- 
 vention of county commissioners, supervisors and county clerks be and are 
 hereby authorized to proceed with and carry out all necessary work pertaining 
 to the convention. 
 
 :'>:^ .':';;-'''.'.:.. MOTHER BICKERDYKE MONUMENT .-^^j ;';>.. ^ ^ ;>v-^: >''/' 
 
 September, 1903. A committee ftf the Mother Bickerdyke Memorial asso- 
 ciation appeared before the board and requested permission to be heard. On 
 
 Vol. 151 V . !V''V''^. : -/ " ' 
 
802 - j HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY 
 
 motion permission was granted, and Mrs. Fannie Blazer addressed the board, 
 asking that the Mother Bickerdyke Memorial association have leave to erect 
 a statue in honor of Mother Bickerdyke on the courthouse grounds. 
 
 On motion of Mr. McWilliams such leave was granted. 
 
 Mr. McWilliams further moved that the chair appoint five members of the 
 board to form with the chairman of the board a special committee of six, the 
 chairman of the board being chairman of the special committee, to determine 
 the location of the memorial statue on the courthouse grounds and to act with 
 the committee having charge of the same from the association. The motion car- 
 ried. 
 
 .'-;.,,: I-.: . Wednesday, 2 o'clock p. m. 
 
 Mr. Rebstock announced the following named persons, Messrs. McWilliams, 
 Burkhalter, Sisson, McDowell and Woods, as the special committee as pro- 
 vided for in yesterday's proceedings. 
 
 : .' . ."'".-' ::/"''.' '- ' ;- : - ,\ .-." .:-'. ,:'. : v:/ :^^ 
 
 .::;; . ': FERRY BOATS 
 
 On the 2nd day of September, 1834, the commissioners of the county en- 
 tered into a contract with Simeon Dolph for building a ferry boat on Spoon 
 river, said boat to be completed within three months from this date for the 
 sum of $45, to be paid on the completion and delivery of said boat agreeably 
 to said written contract. On the 4th day of March the year following it ap- 
 pears that the ferry boat was completed according to contract and that the con- 
 tract was returned and endorsed satisfied by the clerk of the court. It does not 
 appear whether the boat was to transport passengers only or whether it was 
 intended to carry carriages, horses and loaded wagons. That sum of money 
 to-day would just about pay for a good rowboat, but it is quite likely that at 
 the time the boat was constructed it would be large enough to carry anything 
 that might come along and seek passage over Spoon river. At that time the 
 court ordered that the clerk issue a license to Simeon Dolph to keep ferry on 
 Spoon river at the crossing of the road leading from Knoxville in a direction 
 to Canton for the term of one year from the first day of March, 1835, upon 
 the payment to the treasurer of the sum of $2 and giving bond as required by 
 law. 
 
 In the early days before very many bridges were constructed the crossing of 
 streams was effected by means of ferries. We have just noted the establishment 
 of a ferry on Spoon river where the road from Knoxville runs southeast toward 
 Canton. On the first day of June, 1835, the county commissioners entered an 
 order that the clerk issue a license to Asa Crooks of Henry county to keep a 
 ferry according to the law across Rock river. The following is the order estab- 
 lishing the ferry, also for the license and the rates of ferriage established. 
 
 Asa Crooks made application in open court for a ferry to be established on 
 Rock river at or near the Prophet's Village, in Henry county, and the said Asa 
 Crooks having made it appear to the satisfaction of the said commissioners 
 that a notice of his intention in relation thereto had been posted upon the door 
 of the courthouse, in the town of Knoxville, at least four weeks preceding the 
 sitting of this court and there being no other application before this court in 
 
HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY 803 
 
 relation to a ferry on said stream, and the court being of opinion that said 
 ferry is necessary and of public utility, it is therefore ORDERED: That a ferry 
 be established on Rock river in the county of Henry at any point on said river 
 within one mile of the mouth of the creek near Prophet's Village, subject to 
 such regulations, restrictions and forfeitures as are provided by law or as may 
 hereafter be provided by law in relation to ferries. 
 
 ORDERED: That the clerk of this court issue a license to Asa Crook of 
 Henry county to keep the said ferry according to law, upon his paying into 
 the county treasury the sum of two dollars for the amount of the tax on said 
 ferry for the term of one year from this date, being the amount of the first 
 year's tax on said ferry, and also on his entering into a bond with sufficient 
 securities as provided for by law in the sum of two hundred and fifty dollars, 
 conditioned as is required by law. 
 
 At the time this ferry was established in Henry county the judicial business 
 of Henry county was all performed by the county commissioners of Knox 
 county according to the law in force at that time. Hence it is that the commis- 
 sioners of Knox county took jurisdiction of this matter. 
 
 Quite a number of ferries were established in this county. These are given 
 as representative of all. . : 
 
 " ' SALARY OF STATE'S ATTORNEY .; : 
 
 June, 1910. The following communication was read and together with the 
 petition filed therewith referred to the judiciary committee. 
 To the Supennsors of Knox County, Illinois: 
 
 In the matter of the petitions asking the judge to submit to a vote the proposi- 
 tion as to whether or not the state's attorney's office should be placed on a 
 salary basis, I beg leave to report that petitions containing the names of 1,478 
 voters have been returned to my office. 
 
 The statute provides that these petitions shall contain twenty per cent of the 
 legal voters of the county before the judge can order that this question be placed 
 upon the ballot. We have not found out the exact number of legal voters, but 
 I think that we will have to have approximately two-thirds as many more signa- 
 tures as we now have. 
 
 Respectfully submitted. :". - 
 
 W. C. FRANK. 
 
 September, 1910. To the Judiciary Committee of the Board of Supen-isors of 
 Knox county, Illinois: 
 Gentlemen: ;- . 
 
 In the matter of petitions for placing the state's attorney's office on a salary 
 basis, I respectfully report that I now have enough petitions returned to assure 
 the proposition being placed upon the ballot for the November election, and there 
 are a few names to be returned yet. When these others are returned the whole 
 will be filed in the county court and the judge will enter an order placing the 
 proposition upon the ballot for the November election. ,. . j 
 Dated this I9th day of September, A. D. 1910. " ' 
 
 Respectfully submitted. 
 ' - WALTER C. FRANK. 
 
804 HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY 
 
 December, 1910. The judiciary committee presented the following certified 
 copy of a decree entered in the county court on the result of the votes on the 
 question on the proposition for placing the office of the state's attorney on a 
 salary basis, which was read and on motion of Mr. Barlow was ordered placed 
 on file, and that it appear in the record of the proceedings: f ' 
 
 State of Illinois, 1 
 
 ^S ' ' ''' 'v''" '' ""'-.': '.' \- )--''. 
 
 County of Knox. j ' ' '" * . .- - i 
 
 In the matter of the petition to the Hon. R. C. Rice, judge of the county 
 court of Knox county, Illinois, to submit to a vote of the electors of Knox 
 county, Illinois, the proposition as to whether or not the electors of said Knox 
 county shall adopt an act of the general assembly of the said state of Illinois, 
 entitled "an act to amend an act entitled 'an act concerning fees and salaries, and 
 to classify the several counties of this state with reference thereto.' " Approved 
 March 29, 1872, in force July i, 1872; as amended by act approved June 4, 1889; 
 in force July i, 1889; title as amended by act approved March 28, 1874, in force 
 July I, 1874, by adding thereto eight new sections to be known as Sections 8a, 
 8b, 8c, 8d, 8e, 8f, 8g and 8h, approved May 15, 1903, in force July i, 1903. 
 
 This day it appearing to the court from a certified copy of the abstract of 
 votes on the question for adopting the proposed amendments to "an act con- 
 cerning fees and salaries and to classify the several counties of this state with 
 reference thereto, viz. : Sections 8a, 8b, 8c (8d), 8e, 8f, 8g and 8h, at an election 
 held in the different election districts in the county of Knox, in the state of 
 Illinois, on Tuesday, the eighth day of November. A. D. 1910, as made by the 
 county canvassing board of the county aforesaid, filed in this court by Frank L. 
 Adams, county clerk of Knox county, in said state, that "yes" received four 
 thousand two hundred forty-eight votes, and "no" received one thousand one 
 hundred six votes, and. 
 
 It appearing to the court that a majority of the votes cast for or against said 
 proposition at said election were for the said proposition. 
 
 Therefore, it is ordered, adjudged and decreed by the county judge of Knox 
 county, Illinois, that the act of the general assembly of the state of Illinois, en- 
 titled "an act to amend an act entitled, 'an act concerning fees and salaries, and 
 to classify the several counties of this state with reference thereto.' " Approved 
 March 29, 1872, in force July i, 1872; as amended by act approved June 4, 
 1889, in force July i, 1889; title as amended by act approved March 28, 1874, 
 in force July i, 1874; by adding thereto eight new sections to be known as 
 Sections 8a, 8b, 8c, 8d, 8e, 8f, 8g and 8h. Approved May 15, 1903. In force 
 July I, 1903; be and the same is hereby declared to be in force in the county 
 of Knox, in the state of Illinois. 
 
 Dated this twenty-second day of November, A. D. 1910. 
 
 ;^'A;::^. .,; , 
 
 :';V>'' DETENTION SCHOOL FOR JUVENILE OFFENDERS 
 
 . - -:,^.*..' - - / -. 7'- 
 
 September, 1910. There appeared before the committee State's Attorney Bou- 
 telle. Judge R. C. Rice and Mrs. W. E. Simonds in the interest of a detention 
 school for juvenile offenders, and we recommend that the sum of $500 be taken 
 
;:'(;>/:::' HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY: ;^ 806 
 
 from any funds not otherwise appropriated, provided the Galesburg board of 
 education agree to hire and pay the matron teacher for such detention school. 
 
 All of which is respectfully submitted. 
 ;; S. N. WHITING, ;;::;.C:.; 
 
 HUGH GREIG, '' ; " -' 
 
 J. N. IRWIN, I: c; 
 ; :V;'^:''''":-^ '''''''' 'V-<;:1'-;^-.'-; \:-- --;::'''" -:.,. C. A. CLARK, .'j;/;:-:."' /^, , . -.; 
 '^''^'''v 'v:; . ^'^'^'''''''^'^AA'-'' '.-; 'c^^.-li^^-'"-'- A. F, PADEN, -:'-'''-'';..' "v'-;---'' ':> 
 '\V;'.-'''-:'-',v 7'-:' v-.; J^';;---':': -^^ ;^/.^^f ^';''; -'; . Committee, 
 
 ' : ;'.v : :' ' BOARJD OF ELECTION COMMISSIONERS V ; "{^ ^ 
 
 December, 1910. Chairman Hoxworth addressed the board in regard to the 
 board of election commissioners in the city of Galesburg, and stated that as 
 they were drawing about $4,000 a )ear from the county for which the county 
 itself derives no benefit, he wished the matter be taken up by the board with 
 the legislators from this county, and that they enter its earnest protest and sug- 
 gested that a resolution on this subject might accomplish something. 
 
 He further stated that he was heartily in favor of a compulsory registration 
 law, that it should apply to the entire county. He suggested that the board 
 appoint a committee of three to draft resolutions on this subject and that 
 the treasurer be directed to get an opinion from the attorney general before the 
 county pays out much more money on that account, but without bringing about 
 any contest over the matter. 
 
 Mr. Paden offered a motion that the chair appoint a committee of three 
 to prepare resolutions on the subject of the board of election commissioners in 
 the city of Galesburg, and the payment of their salaries from the county funds, 
 which motion was seconded. ' : 
 
 Mr. Robson also stated that he believed the county should go slow in paying 
 out funds for the pay of the election commissioners in the city of Galesburg 
 as on the face of it it seemed contrary to American principles that the county 
 should be taxed without representation, and he favored the motion appointing a 
 committee to look into the matter and suggested that the committee instruct 
 the county treasurer to obtain an opinion from the attorney general and the 
 state's attorney on the matter. 
 
 The chairman then announced that he would appoint Messrs. Paden, Greig 
 and Robson as a committee to draft the resolutions as provided in the motion. 
 
 Your special committee on resolutions in the matter of the election commis- 
 sioner's law would respectfully present the following resolutions : 
 
 Resolved, that the county treasurer be instructed to obtain the opinions of 
 the state's attorney and of the attorney general as to the constitutionality of the 
 election law under which the city of Galesburg is now operating. 
 
 And further, resolved, that this board requests our representatives in the 
 
 - x-' ; '.-._ v./ ' .. 
 
 :..'"' " <-' :'.- 
 
 
806 HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY 
 
 legislature to use their best efforts to obtain the passage of a reasonable registra- 
 tion and election law. . ' >\ v v- '-',: </ 
 
 ,. .r... ; . ' ' ''/ .-^ .'';"'' A. -F. PADEN, '^-r^--' 
 
 vv ^ ; HUGH GREIG, \-N 
 
 ^: ' . ; E. P. RoBSON. .:'' >.. 
 
 March, 1911. '.:.;_;.'..';/ ^, ;,-;::-:'"''-. '-^i\:v' .'..:' :^'; " 
 
 ::.;: " -^ '': -"-'^'^'/'^^ :.-^ ..''''''':;'' R. C. RICE, y: 
 
 ;'.;/^- -. ; . . .; County Judge. 
 
 -;.:"-;: STATE OF ILLINOIS 
 
 ";' . .-'^:;v > ' ; .:- ^ ;;, 
 
 . Vv'V'. ' , DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE, SPRINGFIELD :;;;:' 
 
 '''' .- -.ii?v.V . W. H. STEAD, ATTORNEY-GENERAL 'i-,' 
 
 DECEMBER 20, 1910. J'-". 
 Hon. George J. Eastes, County Treasurer, Galesburg, Illinois: 
 
 DEAR SIR: I have yours of December I9th, wherein you submit a portion 
 of a resolution adopted at the December meeting of the Knox county board of 
 supervisors which reads as follows : . vv . 
 
 "Rcsoh'cd, that the county treasurer be instructed to obtain the opinions of 
 the state's attorney and of the attorney-general as to the constitutionality of the 
 election law under which the city of Galesburg is now operating." 
 
 And, in conformity with said resolution, you request my opinion upon the 
 question therein submitted. You also ask that I supply you, upon a separate 
 sheet, my opinion as to whether or not a county treasurer could be held liable for 
 the moneys paid out as salaries of election commissioners, clerk hire and printing 
 bills, in case the law should for any reason be declared unconstitutional, 
 
 In reply will state that the state's attorney is made by statute the legal ad- 
 visor of both you and the board of supervisors upon official matters. It is the 
 duty of the attorney-general to act in an advisory capacity to the state's attor- 
 ney when requested by him. 
 
 It has never been my policy to attempt to supercede the state's attorney in 
 matters pertaining to his office. To do so might result in embarrassment not 
 only to him but also to this office. I must, therefore, in the first instance refer 
 you to the state's attorney of your county, and if he is in doubt as to the law and 
 desires the opinion of this office I shall be glad to accommodate him. 
 
 ;. Upon reflection I think you will agree that this policy is the only proper one 
 and that the attorney-general should refrain from superceding the state's at- 
 torney in the performance of his official duty of advising the county officers. 
 
 Regreting that I cannot comply with your request or that of the board of 
 supervisors in this instance, I am, .,,.-'.' -' 
 
 :.-..;-;/- . . -:, Very respectfully, 
 
 '"' ' ^^'^''-: ;" ' ' ' ^^ - V' - V .' ,. .. ... ... . W. H. STEAD, 
 
 ' : -jV,.'^/ : ' ' Attorney-General. 
 
 ' ^''-j^r -'.'> / 
 
 ..;.-;.: M' OFFICE OF STATE'S ATTORNEY OF KNOX COUNTY 
 
 GALESBURG, 111., March 14, 191 1. 
 Hon. George J. Eastes, County Treasurer, Galesburg, Illinois: 
 
 DEAR SIR: Replying to your inquiry as to the letter of the attorney-gen- 
 eral regarding the matter of an opinion on the "constitutionality of the election 
 
'K" A:: HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY ' : 807 
 
 law under which the city of Galesburg is now operating," will say that I have 
 given the subject careful consideration and find that our supreme court has 
 passed on this question in the. case of The People vs. Hoffman et al., 1 16 111., 
 page 587, in which it is held that the act referred to is a valid one and not in 
 contravention of any constitutional provision. Also the provision that the law 
 has no operation in a city, town or village until adopted by the voters thereof 
 will not render it local or special or make it invalid. A general law may de- 
 pend upon some contingency as when it takes effect in a particular locality. 
 This election law has also been held constitutional, and above case cited with 
 approval in the case of People vs. Wamek, 241 111., page 529. 
 
 The same question in principle has been decided by our supreme court 
 upon other laws where a vote of the people was necessary for their adoption. 
 "It is competent for the legislature to pass a law, the ultimate operation of 
 which may, by its own terms, be made to depend upon a contingency." "Dele- 
 gation of power to make the law is forbidden, * * * but there can be no 
 valid objection to a law which confers any authority or discretion as to its 
 execution to be exercised under and in pursuance of the law itself." 162 111., 
 
 494. 
 
 Same rule was held in reference to the jury commissioner's act of 1897. 
 "Constitutions, like statutes, must receive a reasonable construction. It has 
 been determined and has become the settled rule of construction in this state 
 that an act general in its terms and uniform in its operation upon all persons 
 and subject matter in like situation is a general law and not obnoxious to the 
 objection that it is local or special legislation." "Before an act of the legisla- 
 ture can be held unconstitutional it must be clear that it is so. All doubts are 
 to be resolved in favor of the validity of the statute." 170 III., 460. 
 
 In regard to the civil service act it was decided : "It is further claimed 
 that the law is unconstitutional as being special legislation. This contention is 
 also without force, as the law itself provides for its operation only in those 
 cities which by a vote of the people may adopt it. Laws of this character are 
 not obnoxious to the constitutional inhibition against special legislation." 171 
 
 111., 72. 
 
 The present local option law, to which constitutional objection was raised, 
 was held not to be contrary to the constitution in the McBride case, 234 111. 
 
 I note in quoting from the letter from the attorney-general addressed to you 
 that he states that where the state's attorney is in doubt as to the law and 
 desires the opinion of the attorney-general that he would render such opinion. 
 However, in view of the fact that the supreme court has passed squarely on 
 the constitutionality of the so-called election commissioner's law it would hardly 
 be contended that the question was involved in any doubt, as a supreqie court 
 decision is the highest authority to which I could refer you. 
 
 Respectfully submitted, 
 ':: >;-:. :".;''/':/'; :-^.":o^!;--'' .-'.''-'^i;'.^''^'- A. J. BOUTELLE. 
 
 -. '! ' '. '. .''' -' .''',..';'-.'' ''" , ' \, ,-'' 
 
 .;/;'"-'.,';;;':?:' .^ .: >,;r;-\.>v.vv ''CORN GROWING CONTEST /?;'' .V' '-."..;, vV--^ - 
 
 December, 1911. Supt. W. F. Boyes appeared and read the following re- 
 port of the Special Committee on the Boys' Corn Growing Contest : 
 
808 ; HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY 
 
 To the Honorable Board of Supervisors: 
 
 : Gentlemen: Your committee appointed at the April meeting to have charge 
 of the Boys' Corn Growing Contest beg leave to report as follows : 
 
 Soon after their appointment the committee met and formulated a plan for 
 the contest. First, second and third prizes of $20.00, $10.00 and $5.00 respec- 
 tively, were offered for each of four exhibits of corn grown and selected by boys 
 in the county, of eighteen years and under ; also three prizes of the same amount 
 for the best essay as to how the writer produced his com. This series of prizes 
 involved the expenditure of $175.00 and it was found practicable to offer a 
 sweeptakes prize of a rubber-tired top buggy of the value of $125.00. Further, 
 prizes of $3.00 and $2.00 were offered for the best corn shown from each town- 
 ship, barring such exhibits as should receive county prizes. You were asked 
 individually to provide for your townships the $5.00 necessary for the last men- 
 tioned prize; and you have the thanks of the committee for responding as you 
 did. : ,;; 
 
 Mr. Paden and the County Superintendent acted for the committee in solicit- 
 ing from the business houses of Galesburg the $200.00 necessary, in addition to 
 the $100.00 appropriated by this Board, to carry out the plan. 
 
 As to the response to the plan ; more than two hundred boys expressed 
 their interest, about one hundred, as nearly as could be determined, planted 
 corn. Many of the plots were small and in several respects the season was 
 unfavorable ; so a considerable number of those who grew a crop were unable 
 to exhibit. However, just prior to the time of the show forty-one said they 
 had corn to bring and thirty-six entries of corn grown by boys were made. In 
 addition to this twenty-seven exhibited a selection of corn they had made with- 
 out reference to the grower sixty-three in all. 
 
 The corn was scored by Mr. Leigh F. Maxey, Secretary of the Illinois Corn 
 Growers' Association. He expressed the judgment that it was an unusually suc- 
 cessful show. 
 
 The attendance throughout the day was good, the county court room being 
 too small to accommodate all present in the afternoon. Addresses were deliv- 
 ered by Mr. Grieg for the committee, Hon. Qark E. Carr, Supt. A. C. Butler, 
 and Hon. J. W. Hunter of Abingdon. 
 
 The gathering of boys for this contest was made the occasion of organizing 
 a Knox County Boys' Club, the purpose of which is to foster among the boys 
 of our county an interest in and a love for farm life and to assist them in doing 
 their part in their homes, their schools, and their communities. 
 
 Many expressions of approval of such a contest have come to our ears from 
 intelligent farmers and other tax payers interested in the best development of the 
 county. 
 
 It is the opinion of your committee that a good start has been made and 
 the members are unanimous in the conclusion that this board would do wisely 
 to provide for continuing the work of encouraging farm boys of the county to 
 an interest in corn and its production. 
 
 Accordingly, it is hereby recommended that at this meeting a committee be 
 
HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY 
 
 800 
 
 empowered to have charge of next year's contest and an appropriation of ;{: 
 $2SO.cx) be made for the same. ; .L ; 
 
 j-;":;'"-;.-!/' ..-'-;'' ^ '''::'/ '^-1<J.--:-- HuGH GREIG, '!: v/ };.' 
 
 '^-' './"''"' '' ''''^'.'-"'7= '; '- : '^:v^^'^'---"i5.';^.-5' '-vW^^r J- O. BAIRD, ;'/'';"'' 
 
 v-;' -v,^-: ::-v ';''' v'- "^'^'!:"v:,/''''; '''-4 :''-;vV;' '' '" ':^- ''.";/;. v A. F. PADEN, "^j- ' 
 
 .,'' ' ' ' '' '' ' "' "" '" '" ' ' ' ' ''' ''' Committee. . . ^'-' 
 
 Chairman Hoxworth then announced that in compliance with the request of "-i -'^ 
 Superintendent Boyes, as expressed before this board, he would appoint ;'.,::;; 
 Messrs. Grieg, Baird and Paden as members of the special committee to co- :'- 
 operate with the county superintendent in the matter of the corn contest and 
 exhibition for the boys of the Knox county schools for the ensuing year, which ;;: 
 appointment was concurred in by the board. . , V 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 v' V ''-'''; . 
 
 
INDEX 
 
 Appalachian Range, 2. " :'.; ,'-'' 
 
 Abingdon charter, 55. .,...... 
 
 Almshouse and Poor Farm, 175. 
 
 propriety of purchasing, 176, 227, 230. 
 
 order to purchase, 177. , - -. <, . 
 
 care of paupers, 178, 180, 181." ' ^ - ; 
 
 movement to abolish, 178, 179. .-. ;i ' / 
 
 allowance of bills, 180. '' ' 
 
 report of committee on conditions, 181, 
 182, 183, 184, 195. 
 
 movement to build, 183, 184, 185. 
 
 rule for admission, 183, 201, 205, 206, 209. 
 
 care of insane paupers 185, 209, 210, 211, 
 212, 216. 
 
 construction of addition, 185, 186, 195, 
 196, 197. 
 
 report on location and building, 187, 188, 
 189, 190, 191, 192, 193, 194. 
 
 contract for east wing, 197, 198, 199, 200. 
 
 heating apparatus, 202. 
 
 report of superintendent, 202, 203, 206, 
 207, 208. 
 
 fire protection, 204, 205, 206. 
 
 contract for construction of annex, 213, 
 214, 215. 
 
 rules and regulations, 215, 216. 
 
 second insane annex, 217, 218, 219, 220, 
 221, 222. 
 
 water supply, 223, 224. .,.''-' 
 
 land for sale, 224. ...;;.;-' 
 
 contagious diseases, 225. '-'.'/ > > ; 
 
 lighting, 227, 228, 229. . /;::>. 
 
 cruelty investigated, 794, 795, 796. r, :'-v 
 Abingdon, city of, 419. .>':.';. 
 
 Hedding college, 420. ~' 
 
 Abingdon college, 420. 
 
 Protestant Methodist church, 421. 
 
 industries, 421, 422. 
 
 social and civic organizations, 422. 
 
 public buildings, 422. . . . - 
 
 cemetary, 422. 
 Altona village, 434. 
 Appleton, village of, 438. 
 Atchison, Topeka & Santa Fe R. R., 611. 
 
 C, S. F. & C Ry Co., 612. 
 
 Hinckley Road, 612. 
 
 C. & St. L. Ry Co., 612. ' ' . J 
 
 C., St. L. & w. Ry Co., 612. A. ;; 
 
 order to build to Chicago, 612. 
 negotiations at Galesburg, 613. 
 growth and double tracking, 613. 
 
 Biloxi, 2. 
 
 Black Hawk, 5, 49. 
 
 Black Hawk war, 5, 48. 
 
 811 
 
 Beardstown, 7. -".;-''/' ;-.^: .' 
 
 Bancroft, Edgar A., 58. ' ~ ~ 
 
 Bigelow, Hiram, 60. 
 Banking in Knox county, 465. 
 
 Knox county State Bank, Knoxville, 466. 
 Private Bank, J. M. Nicely, 466. 
 J. F. Dunn, Galesburg, 466. 
 Sidney Myers, 466. 
 McCoy Bank, 467. 
 Nemaha County Bank, 467. 
 Reed & Co., 467. 
 
 Farmers and Mechanics, Galesburg, 467. 
 Second National, Galesburg, 467. 
 First National Bank, 467. 
 Galesburg National, 468. 
 Bank of Galesburg, 469 to 475. 
 People's Trust & Savings Bank, 475, 476. 
 Maquon State Bank, 477. 
 First National, Maquon, 478. 
 in Yates City, 478 to 480. 
 Oneida Exchange, 481. 
 Oneida State Bank, 481. 
 People's Bank of Abingdon, 481. 
 First National of Abingdon, 482. 
 First State & Savings Bank of Abing- 
 don, 483. 
 
 Bank of Altona, 484. 
 State Bank of Victoria, 485. 
 First State Bank Co., Williamsfield, 486. 
 Wataga State Bank, 486. 
 Brown's Business College, Galesburg, 589, 
 
 590. 
 Baptist Church, 657. 
 
 history, 657, 658. 
 
 First Baptist Church, Galesburg, 659. 
 new building, 659. . .' 
 persecutions, 660. 
 enlargement of building, 660. 
 division, 661. 
 reunion, 661. 
 
 Broad St. building sold, 662. 
 new building, 662. 
 destruction by fire, 663. 
 present structure, 663. 
 subsequent history, 664. 
 Ontario church, 665, 666. 
 
 Columbus, 1. 
 
 Cahokia, 2. , > '- 
 
 Clark, Gen. George Rogers, 2, 4. 
 
 Courts, establishment of, 14, 50, 51, 52. 
 
 Court House, specifications, 16, 61, 63. 
 
 contract for, 16, 17, 20, 21, 22, 60, 61, 62, 
 
 88, 89. 
 County seat, survey of, 17, 18, 19. 
 
 purchase of land, 18, 52. 
 
812 
 
 INDEX 
 
 Copley twp., Indians, 42. '-."; - , 
 
 Cedar twp. Indians, 43. , ...' ;' . 
 
 Chestnut twp. Indians, 44. 
 
 Courts, trials, 54. 
 
 Constitution (1818, 1848), 55. ; . , 
 
 Common law, 57. . ; . 
 
 Central Military Tract, 58. - , -. . . 
 
 Craig, Alfred M., 59. . 
 
 Court Houses, 60. ' ' . 
 
 Cooley, Zelotes, 61. 
 
 Court House, renting, 65, 68, 69, 70, 71, 72, 
 73, 74, 75, 76, 77, 78. 
 
 Court House, settlement for construc- 
 tion, 65. .,, . . :, 
 
 Court House repairs, 66, 67. '- 
 Court House jury rooms, 70. 
 Court House construction, 72, 77, 79, 80, 
 81, 82, 85, 90, 91, 92, 93, 94, 95, 96, 97, 
 
 100, 109, 112, 115, 118. 
 
 Court House construction, employment of 
 E. E. Myers, architect, 83, 84, 86. 
 
 Court House, exclusion of dram shops, 86. 
 
 Court House construction, opening bids, 
 87, 88. 
 
 Court House construction, extra charges, 
 97, 98, 105. 
 
 Court House furniture, %, 98, 99, 100. 
 
 Court House reception, 100, 101. 
 
 Court House, settlement with contractors, 
 
 101, 102, 103, 104, 106, 107, 108, 109, 
 113, 114, 115, 116, 117, 118. 
 
 Court House, assignment of rooms, 104, 
 
 105. 
 
 Court House, duty of janitor, 108. 
 Court House, paving walks, 109, 110, 111, 
 
 112. 
 
 Court House, new committee, 113. 
 Court House final statement, 118, 119, 120, 
 
 121, 122. 
 Court House, electric light, 122, 123, 124, 
 
 125. 
 
 County seat fight, 127, 128, 129, 133, 134, 
 135, 136, 137, 138. 139, 140. 
 
 division of city and twp. of Galesburg, 
 129, 130, 131, 132, 133. 
 
 decision of court, 141. 
 
 order for removal, 142, 143, 144. ; ; 
 
 donations by Galesburg, 143, 149. ; . 
 
 petition for new election, 148. . . 
 
 election returns, 154, 155. 
 County buildings, Knoxville, disposal of, 
 
 160, 161. 
 Criminals, petty, care of, 167 to 170. 
 
 see workhouse. 
 
 Copley township, 432. ' . !.. . 
 
 Camp association, 440. , ' 
 Chestnut township, 445. ;.,' 
 
 Cedar township, 448. 
 Cumberland Presbyterians, 448. 
 Cherry Grove Sem., 621 to 625. v 
 C, B. & Q. Railroad, 590. . ' 
 
 genesis of the railroad, 590. ' . . 
 
 extent of Burlington system, 591. 
 
 development of Burlington system, 592. 
 
 Peoria & Oquawka R. R., 592, 595, 596. 
 
 Central Military Tract R. R., 593, 596. 
 
 Aurora Branch R. R., 594. 
 
 Northern Cross R. R., 594, 595, 596, 599. 
 
 Galesburg to Mendota R. R., 595. 
 
 P. & O. R. R., 595. 
 
 C & A. cmt. and P. & O. consolidated, 
 
 596. . ... 
 
 Galesburg division, 596. 1 - 
 
 origin of C., B. & Q., 597. 
 prosperity, 597. 
 
 passengers carried in 1912, 597. ,.,.:. 
 consolidations, dates of, 598, 599. '.;,'.! 
 Yates City to Lewistown, 599. ; ' '.' ' 
 Buda to Elmwood, 599. ' V , 
 
 Galva to New Boston, 599. 
 Quincy to Burlington, 600. : 
 Quincy bridge, 600, 601. 
 Galesburg & Rio branch, 601.' 
 St. Louis to St. Paul, 601. 
 Keithsburg & Gladstone, 601. 
 West Havana branch, 601. . '. - 
 
 Consolidation with B. & M., 602. ':;.; 
 double tracking, 602. .1 -..;' 
 
 Galesburg yards, 602. ' ' '' 
 
 personnel of the road, 602, 603, 604, 605, 
 
 606, 607, 608, 609. 
 
 struggle \yith Great Northern, 609. 
 relationship -with Michigan Central, 609. 
 Congregationalism, 625. 
 polity, 626. 
 
 doctrines, 626. ''':-' .!'.' 
 
 history, 626. 
 English origins, 627. 
 early American history, 627, 628, 629. 
 plan of union, 629. 
 
 Congregational churches in Knox coun- 
 ty, 629, 630, 631. 
 the Brick Church, 632. 
 removal of old First Church, 632. . -,,1 
 slavery, 632. 
 
 controversy over Knox College, 633. 
 other Galesburg churches, 633. 
 churches outside of Galesburg, 634. 
 Ontario & Oneida, 634, 635. 
 Wataga, 635. 
 Victoria, 635. 
 
 Altona, 635. ';' . ., 
 
 Rio, 636. Tj ' : V :/ 
 
 Abingdon, 636. '' '-''.. 
 DeLpng, 636. ' ." '' 
 
 Catholic church, 666. 
 
 teaching, 667. 
 
 worship, 668. 
 
 success in Knox county, 669. 
 organization in Galesburg, 670. 
 advent of Rev. Joseph Costa, 670; his 
 
 labors, 671, 672. 
 St. Augustine, 672, 673; Wataga, 673, 
 
 674. 
 
 Christian church, 693 to 698. j - 
 Christian Science, 722. 
 Centennial celebration, 787. 
 Corn growing contest, 807, 808, 809. 
 
 Detroit, 2. 
 
 Douglas, Stephen A., 54. 
 Divorces, 56. :,' ;:.- 
 
 Douglas, Leander, 58. 
 Dahinda, village of, 438. 
 Douglas, village of, 444. 
 DeLong, village of, 450. 
 Destructive floods, 790, 791, 792 
 Dram shops, 793. 
 
INDEX 
 
 813 
 
 E," '''v! :. . 
 .'-- . 
 
 Edwardsville, 7. ';">? ": 
 
 Elba township, 442. ;:':;. 
 Episcopal church, 677. 
 
 Grace church, Galesburg, 678, 679. 
 
 St. John's church, 679. 
 
 Election commissioners, board of, 805, 
 
 806,807. .,:. 
 
 First inhabitants, 1. ; .." 
 
 Florida, 1. '''''". 
 
 France in Canada, 1, 2. - ' 
 
 Fort Miami, 2. " i-.-'v:'; '^f. 
 
 France, New, 2. -.;:', < 
 
 French and Indian war, 2. ' . ' 
 
 Fulton county, 6. . ' / . 
 
 Fort Lewis, 45. 
 
 F. and M. Bank, Galesburg, 55. > 
 
 Frost, T. G., 58. 
 
 Ferries and ferry boats, 802, 803. 
 
 Galesburg 7. -\/'X- :.:;' .;, 
 charter, 55. '.. . ' 
 
 Galesburg county seat, 52, 53. '' 
 
 Galesburg public schools, 55, 56. ' -. 
 
 Glenn, John J., 59. 
 
 Galesburg fire proof, 77, 78, 79, 85, 91. 
 contagious diseases, 225. 
 
 Galesburg, city of, 396. 
 
 before the industrial revolution, 
 
 398, 399. 
 
 incorporation of, 399. 
 census Oct. 1, 1867, 400. . . ; 
 in Civil war, 400. ;. 
 
 . ne\v charter, 401. ., '' . 
 
 ^ police department, 401. '"^'\', 
 
 fire department, 402. ''! -.v'"! 
 
 water department, 403. ?;!..>.: v 
 
 source of water supply, 404. '-.'''' 
 amount of water, 405. '::.,> 
 
 street car lines, 405. '.'v'..--' ."- 
 
 railroads, 406. '^.' ;:.:,-. 0'' 
 
 city buildings, 407. ^^. .' 
 
 library building, 407, 408. . V ' 
 workhouse, 408. U f?'.'-' 
 
 saloon license, 409, 410. 
 general improvements, 410, 411, 412. 
 hospital, 412. 
 
 for whom maintained, 412. .:.'.- 
 growth, 412. . ' 
 
 training school, 413. V?-' ' . 
 
 management, 414. 
 surgical maternity and children's 
 
 partments, 414. 
 
 general wards, 414. ''? : ;; 
 
 rooms named, 415. .../.V^'- 
 
 laundry, 415. .''._: 
 
 alumni, 415. 
 officers, 415. 
 
 Gilson, village of, 441, 442. 
 
 Galesburg township, 450. 
 
 Galesburg public schools, 547. 
 
 first schoolhouse, 547. ' 
 
 first teacher, 548. .;. 
 
 location of schoolhouses, 548. - .'.' 
 poverty of districts, 548. / 
 
 397, 
 
 de- 
 
 school law of 1825, 548, 549. 
 
 school section, 549. 
 
 income from township fund, 550. 
 
 public indifference, 550. 
 
 Eberhart on Galesburg schools, 550. 
 
 Wright on same, 551. 
 
 attitude of college, 551. 
 
 private schools, 552. 
 
 jealousy of districts, 552. 
 
 opposition to free schools, 552, 558. 
 
 work of Prof. Churchill, 553. 
 
 aid of Henry Barnard, 553. 
 
 W. D. Baker, 554. 
 
 Horace Mann, 554. 
 
 Silas Willard, 554. 
 
 graded schools adopted, 555, 556, 557. 
 
 school charter, 555, 556. 
 
 the two jokers in charter, 555. 
 
 election denied by council, 555. 
 
 school directors elected, 556. 
 : charter advantages, 557. 
 
 school buildings, 558, 559. 
 
 R. B. Guild, superintendent, 560. 
 ' J. B. Roberts, superintendent, 560. 
 
 M. Andrews, superintendent, 560. 
 
 W. L. Steele, superintendent, 561. 
 
 St. Joseph's academy, 561. 
 
 H 
 
 Henry county, 7. 
 
 Henderson, county seat, 18, 19, 20, 52, 54. 
 
 Henderson twp. Indians, 42. 
 
 Haw Creek twp. Indians, 44. 
 
 Henderson township, 423, 424, 425. 
 
 Haw Creek township, 439. 
 
 Hermon, village of, 446. 
 
 Health, boards of, 786. : ..- 
 
 Indians, 1, 5, 35. -. V--^'. -.; 
 
 Indians, confederacy of, 3. ' ''.. 
 
 mini, 3, 37. ;r V 
 
 Illinois territory, 4. ;., ;.^ 
 Illinois, state of, 4. ""' "'' ' 
 
 Illinois, northern boundary, 5, 6. 
 Indian trails, 36. 
 
 tribes, 37. .v^'. / 
 
 Sacs and Foxes, 38. . .. '" i. ; 
 
 Pottawatomies, 38. .;..':;..:!;',, 
 
 law-making, 38. . v' f - . '.' ' 
 
 early characteristics, 3^9. V' ';'''.,.-;' 
 
 Chief Shaubena, 39. ' 
 
 Pottawatomie language, 40. 
 
 home life, 40, 41. 
 
 local items of history, 41. ';- '\ 
 
 Indian Point twp., 44. ..:'.,.. 
 
 of the Revolution, 46. .;-,'; 
 
 treaties, 47. .' 
 
 land surveys, 47. - . v""*' 
 
 War of 1812, 48. 
 
 Maquonia, 48. 
 
 Indian Point township, 447. 
 Ir|sh people, 723. 
 
 influence in Europe, 724. 
 
 European restrictions, 725. 
 
 relief from America, 725. 
 
 early settlement at St. Augustine, 726. 
 
 Salem township, 727. . . _ 
 
 ,7 
 
814 
 
 INDEX 
 
 'advent in Galesburg, from the east, 728, 
 
 729. 
 
 Henderson township, 729. 
 the praises of Henderson Grove, 730, 
 
 731. 
 
 Williamsfield, 731. 
 The Barefoot Nation Oneida, Ontario, 
 
 Sparta, 732. 
 Lynn township, 733. 
 Irishmen of note, 733, 734, 735, 736, 737. 
 anecdotes, 737, 738, 739. 
 Illinois internal improvements, 783, 784. 
 Idiots, institution for, 786. 
 Industrial school for girls, 789. ,; ;. 
 
 Judicial power, 54. . '.'- ' 
 
 Jones vs. C., B. & Q., 58, 59. 
 Jail, appointment of building committee, 
 142, 156, 157. 
 
 publication for plans, 144, 149. ' '.: . 
 
 contract, 144. V 
 
 settlement on contract, 145, 166. - 
 
 care of, 145. . ' : 
 
 order for repairs, 145, 146. 
 
 jail deliveries, 147. : '..' 
 
 opening bids, 150, 151. . . ''- ,' '. 
 
 protest, 151, 152, 153, 158. 
 
 injunction proceedings, 150. .. . 
 
 awarding contract, 154, 159. 
 : additional lot, 159, 160, 161, 162, 163, 165. 
 
 drainage of, 161, 165. . . 
 
 fencing and sidewalk, 162. -." ,.', 
 
 completion, 163, 164. , 
 
 possession and furniture, 165. 
 
 heating, 166, 167. . , 
 
 Jews and their religion, 674. 
 
 doctrines, 675. 
 
 activities in Knox county, 676, 677. 
 
 Juvenile offenders' detention school, 804. 
 
 Kaskaskia, 2, 7. 
 
 Knox county, jurisdiction of, 1, 5. 
 
 Knox county, development of, 6. 
 
 Knox county, 6. 
 
 Knox county government, 8, 9, 10. 
 
 Knox county, first election, 11. 
 
 Knox county voting precincts, 12. 
 
 Knox county in account with Fulton 
 county, 14, 15. 
 
 Knox county treasurer's report, 15. 
 
 Knox county, topography and geology, 22. 
 stream system, 23, 24. 
 drainage area, 24. ' . ' ' ', 
 
 altitudes, 24, 25, 26. -' . 
 
 erosion, 26. .^.V 
 
 soil asset, 27. . ;..., ' 
 
 water reservoir, 27. : ;.' 
 
 soils, 28. . - . 
 
 coal resources, 29. :. ' 
 
 intermediate rocks, 29, 30. 
 geologic life, 30. . .. 
 
 coal industry, 31, 32. , . . 
 
 stone quarries, 33. ' ' , . - 
 
 second soil and fossils, 33. 
 Spoon river notes, 34. ' . , 
 
 hill structure, 34. ., ,,,., . . : 
 
 Knox twp. Indians, 42. :' ', . ' . 
 
 Knoxville county seat, 52. 
 Knoxville fireproof, 125, 126, 127. 
 Knox county kindergarten, 227. 
 Knoxville, city of, 415, 416, 417. 
 
 brick making, 419. 
 Knox College, 562. 
 
 The Ladies' Seminary, 565. 
 
 H. H. Kellogg, president, 564. 
 Jonathon Blanchard, president, 565. 
 admission of women, 566. 
 
 Knox manual labor, 566. 
 
 denominational controversy, 566^ 567. 
 
 Harvey Curtis, president, 568. 
 . the library, 569. 
 
 the Lincoln-Douglas debate, 569. 
 
 college in Civil war, 56^9, 570. 
 : William S. Curtis, president, 570. 
 John P. Gulliver, president, 570. 
 
 Albert Hurd, acting president, 571. 
 
 Newton Bateman, president, 571. 
 
 department of music, 571. 
 :. cadet corps, 571. 
 
 east and west additions to Whiting 
 Hall, 571. 
 
 Alumni Hall, 572. 
 , D. K. Pearsons, 572. .- ;. 'v 
 
 John H. Finley, president, 572. - - i C 
 university extension, 573. ''.. '.. 
 
 ;' Founder's day, 573. 
 
 ' Thomas McClelland, president, 573. 
 
 the new gymnasium, 574. 
 
 campaign for endowment, 574. 
 
 Carnegie and educational board, 574. 
 -' contribution of Dr. and Mrs. Standish, 
 
 574, 575. 
 ' George Davis Science Hall, 575. 
 
 new heating plant, 575. i . ^i. ,: 
 
 :;. policy, 576. * - ' " 
 
 music department, 577. 
 
 early settlers and singers, 578, 579. 
 
 early equipment, 580. 
 
 menibers of faculty, 580. 
 
 musical organizations, 581. 
 
 artists' recitals, 581. 
 
 London company, 2. ...; 
 Lewistown, 7. 
 
 License tavern, 13. 
 
 Lynn twp. Indians, 42. 
 Liquor trials, 56. 
 Land titles, 58. 
 Lawrence, Charles B., 59. 
 Lawrence, George A., 58. 
 Lynn township, 436. 
 Lombard College, 582. 
 
 organization, 582. 
 
 burning of building, 583. 
 ', liberal donations, 583. 
 
 P. Raymond Kendall, principal, 582. 
 
 Otis A. Skinner, president, 584. 
 ' James P. Weston, president, 584. 
 ' Nehemiah White, president, 584. 
 
 Edson Reifsneider, dean, 585. 
 :'' John Clarence Lee, president, 585. 
 
 J. V. N. Standish, president, 584. 
 
 C. E. Nash, president, 585. 
 
 F. W. Rich, dean, 586. - . , 
 
 L. B. Fisher, president, 586. 
 
INDEX 
 
 815 
 
 Lutheran church, 680. 
 
 Augsburg confession, 680, 681. 
 
 in Sweden, 681, 682. 
 
 what is Lutheranism? 683. 
 
 coming to Knox county, 684, 695. 
 
 realizarion of their hopes, 685, 686. 
 
 First Lutheran church, Galesburg, 686, 
 687. 
 
 Swedish Evang. Knoxville, 687. 
 
 Altona, 688. 
 
 Wataga, 688. 
 
 Trinity Evang. Galesburg, 689, 690, 691. 
 
 German Evang., 691, 692, 693. 
 Latter Day Saints, 714. 
 
 origin, 715, 716. 
 
 verification of claims, 716. 
 
 the Book of Mormon, 717. 
 
 scriptural authorization of church doc- 
 trine, 717. 
 
 polygamy condemned, 717, 718. 
 
 history, 718, 719, 720. 
 
 Dahinda branch, 721. . , . , . ..:. . 
 
 organization, 721. : .\ / v-:;:: ;- '/' 
 
 general belief, 721. 
 Labor Unionism, 767. 
 
 its rise in general, 767. 
 
 labor unions of England, 768, 769. 
 
 in other countries, 770. 
 
 international unions, 770. 
 
 in America, 770, 771, 772, 773, 774. 
 
 in Knox county, 774, 775, 776. 
 
 list of unions, 777, 778, 779. 
 
 Labor Day celebrations, 779. 
 
 railroad unions, 780. 
 
 the Trades Assembly, 780, 781. 
 
 the Galesburg Labor News, 781, 782. 
 
 the labor union of today, 782, 783. 
 
 McKenzie, James A., 56. 
 
 Mound builders, 1, 35. ';.-;''.''';'.' 
 
 Mississippi river, 2, 5. >:';>:. 
 
 Mobile, 2. ' ' 
 
 Madison county, 6. 
 
 Mound builders altar mounds, 36. 
 
 Maquon twp. Indians, 44. 
 
 Murphy, F. S., 58. 
 
 Military of Knox county, 239. 
 
 Indian wars, 240, 241, 242. 
 
 organization of militia, 242, 243. 
 
 in the Civil war, 242, 243. 
 
 Illinois National Guard, 243, 244, 245, 
 246. 
 
 Knox county volunteers, 246 to 364. 
 
 Fourth Regiment, I. N. G., 364, 365, 366, 
 367. 
 
 drum corps, 367. 
 
 Company A, Oneida, 367, 368. 
 
 Company B and C, College City Guards, 
 
 bounties and aid to families, 369, 370, 
 
 371 to 393. 
 
 aid by townships, 393, 394. 
 monunient to soldiers, 394, 395, 396. 
 Mechanicsburg, village of, 441. 
 
 Maquon township, 451. 
 
 Maquon village, 452. 
 
 Medical profession in Knox county, 538. 
 
 organization of physicians, 540. 
 
 Military Tract Medical Association, 541. 
 
 work in schools and Y. M. C. A., 542. 
 
 efforts to secure tuberculosis sanitorium, 
 542, 543, 544. 
 
 pure milk proposition, 544, 545, 546. 
 Methodist church, historical 636, 637. 
 
 doctrinal, 637. 
 
 government, 638. 
 
 genesis of Methodism, 638; results, 639, 
 640. 
 
 Abingdon, 641. 
 
 Altona, 641. 
 
 Dahinda, 642. V?. '':-. 
 
 Henderson, 642. '':'; 
 
 Louisville, 642. 
 
 Maquon, 643, 644, 645. " 
 
 Oneida, 645. "' 
 
 Rio, 646. 
 
 Victoria, 646.'- 'I ';'::.-' 
 
 Wataga, 646. 
 
 Williamsfield, 647. 
 
 Galesburg, 647, 648. 
 
 summary, 648, 649. 
 Methodism, Swedish, origin, 649, 650. 
 
 Bishop Hill, 651. 
 
 Bethel ship, 651. 
 
 activity at Victoria, 651. 
 
 founding of church at Victoria, 652. 
 
 ordination of Jonas Hedstrom, 652. 
 
 activities at various points, 652, 653. 
 
 Wataga, 653. 
 
 Galesburg, 653, 654. 
 
 its present field, 655, 656. 
 
 polity, 656. 
 
 Mormons, see Latter Day Saints. 
 Mother Bickerdyke monument, 801, 802. 
 
 N 
 
 Northwest territory, 2, 3. ' 
 
 Northwest territory, division of, 4. 
 Northwest territory Indian titles, 4. 
 Negro people, 760 to 766. 
 
 Orange twp. Indians, 43. 
 Oneida charter, 55. 
 Old Settlers' Association, 418. 
 Ontario township, 426. 
 
 early settlers, 426. 
 Oneida, city of, 428. 
 Orange township, 449. 
 Orphans' Home, 796. 
 
 Plymouth Company, 2. 
 Point Comfort, 2. 
 Pike county, 6. 
 Pittsfield, 7. 
 
 Persifer twp. Indians, 42. 
 Price, O. F., 58. 
 Persifer township, 437. 
 
816 
 
 INDEX 
 
 Parks, of Knox county, 461. - :=>; 
 
 urban and country life, 461. 
 
 city parks and playgrounds, 461. 
 
 parks in America, 462. ... . 
 
 grandeur in nature, 462. v-,' v ' 
 
 of Galesburg, 463. ^ 
 
 of East Galesburg, 463. '.-''. '' 
 
 " of Lombard campus, 463. !: , ' 
 
 of Knoxville, 464. ' 
 
 Oneida park, 464. . . 
 
 ' Yates City, 464. ' :' . ,- 
 
 conclusion, 464. ^ 
 
 Press, of Knox county, 487. -' 
 
 The Register, 488. ' 
 
 The Republican, 488. . . 
 
 The Plaindealer, 488. . 
 
 Knox Intelligence, 488. 
 '. Northwestern Gazateer, 488. ' . ' 
 
 News-Letter, 488. 
 
 . Western Freeman, 489. . - .' 
 .. Free Democrat, 489. ' - 
 
 Hemlandet, 489. . . 
 
 Det Ratta Hemlandet, 489. . 
 
 : Frihets Vannen, 489. : ^ ^^ 
 
 . Knox County Observer, 489. 
 
 The Times, 489. i- .' - 
 
 ' The Liberal, 489. 
 
 The Sidewalkines, 489. . v . ; 
 
 The Review, 489. - ; 
 
 The Knox Student, 489. '/ ' 
 
 Coup d'Etat, 489. .; -. 
 
 : Lombard Review, 489. '-.'.'' 
 
 : High School Budget, 489. 
 
 Enterprise Herald, 489. 
 , The Press of Knoxville, 490. 
 . Knoxville Journal, 490. 
 
 Knox County Republican, 490. 
 
 The Messenger, 490. . 
 
 The Republican, Knoxville, 490. - 
 
 The Williamsfield Times, 490. 
 
 The Oneida News, 490. : 
 
 The Altona Record, 491. 
 
 The Galesburg Daily Mail, 491. 
 
 Republican Register, 492, 493. 
 Presbyterian church. Historical, 614. 
 
 doctrinal, 615. 
 
 Altona church, 615. 
 
 Galesburg Presbyterianism, 616, 617. 
 
 John Knox church, 617. 
 
 Knoxville church, 618. 
 
 Oneida First Presbyt. church, 618. 
 
 First Presbyt. Yates City, 619, 620, 621. 
 
 gifts to church, 621. 
 Park commissioners, 793, 794. . . . 
 
 Revolution, war of, 2. . . 
 
 Rock Island, 5. ' ' 
 
 Rushville, 7. .' : 
 
 Ralston, James H., 54. 
 Rio township, 435. 
 Rapatee, village of, 452. 
 Registration law condemned, 786. 
 Railroads, concentration of, 788. 
 
 Soto, Fernando de, 1. 
 Sauks and Foxes, treaty, 5. 
 St. Clair county, 6. 
 
 Stark county, 7. 
 Survey, congressional, 7. 
 Sanborn, John G., 9, 11, 12. 
 Salem twp. Indians, 45. 
 State Road, Knoxville to New Boston, 55. 
 Suits, character of, 56. . 
 
 Smith, A. A., 58, 59, 60. - ^ 
 
 Sanford, P. H., 58. 
 Shallenberger, Martin, 58. 
 Sanitarium for tuberculosis, 229, 230, 231, 
 232, 233, 234, 235, 236, 237, 238, 239, 
 
 Sparta township, 431. 
 Salem township, 443. 
 St. Augustine, village of, 448. 
 Schools of Knox county, 493. 
 
 school lands, 493, 494. 
 
 early schools, 495, 496. ,- ; 
 
 commissioners, 496. ;:' 
 
 present system, 496. 
 
 teachers' institute, 496. 
 
 text books, 499, 500. 
 
 resolution for the army, 500. 
 
 schoolhouses, 501. 
 High schools, 501. 
 
 school equipment, 502. -- , 
 
 cost of schools, 503. 
 
 course of study, 504. ;. - 
 . pupils, 505. 
 : teachers, 506. 
 
 officers, 506, 507, 508. 
 St. Mary's school, Knoxville, 587. .':?'' 
 
 burning^ of building, 587. 
 
 new building, 587. 
 
 St. Martha's school, Knoxville, 588. 
 St. Alban's school, Knoxville, 588. 
 Swedish Methodism, see Methodism. 
 Seventh-Day Adventists, 710. 
 
 doctrines, 710, 711. : , : 
 
 history, 711, 712, 713, 714. I -.;,-: 
 Swedes in Knox county, 740. ;; -^v- 
 
 early immigrations, 740, 741. ; ; . 
 
 Swedish populations, 742. > .' 
 
 immigration to Galesburg, 742. 
 
 character of immigrants, 743. 
 
 business enterprise, 743, 744, 745. 
 
 Swedish patriotism, 745, 746. 
 
 Swedish financial institutions, 746. 
 
 Swedish education, 746, 747. 
 Scotch in Knox county, 747. 
 
 Scotch character and influence, 747, 748, 
 749. 
 
 prone to strong drink, 750.J , / . 
 
 immigration, 750. 
 
 annual meetings, 750, 751. 
 
 occupations in America, 752. 
 
 general conditions, 753, 754, 755, 756, 757. 
 
 list of immigrants, 757 to 760. 
 Salt mines. Vermilion county, 785. 
 Specie payments, 785, 786. 
 Supervisors, publication of proceedings, 
 
 787. 
 
 Silver, remonetization of, 788. 
 Supervisors annual convention, 796 to 801. 
 States attorney, salary of, 803, 804. 
 
 Truro twp. Indians, 43. 
 Tunnicliff, J. J., 58. 
 Thompson, John S., 59. 
 
INDEX 
 
 Truro township, 438. 
 Taxation, 454 to 458, 459. 
 
 railroad, 458. 
 
 state board of equalization, 460. 
 Transportation facilities, 785, 786. 
 
 u .-.-:>, 
 
 U. S. Confederation, 3. '.. . 
 
 U. S. territory ceded to, 3, 4. ; ' A 
 Uniontown, 444. ;.;-. 
 
 United Brethren church, 698. ' ; 
 
 origin and doctrine, 699, 700. 
 
 history, 700 to 703. ; 
 
 Universalism, 703. '' 
 
 doctrine, 704. 
 
 conditions of fellowship, 704, 705. 
 
 history, 705 to 709. 
 
 Vjrgfinia first charter, 2. ,.;> : : :i 
 Vincen_nes, 2. ':.,,;.''.'..'.' 
 
 Virginia, county of, 3. ''.*' i'-; -''V 
 
 Virginia, 3. '^-.^ .. '. ; Tx - - '; . - 
 
 Victoria township, 435. ^ ..'.:, V 'I;' 
 
 village of, 436. ' : ; > v /; - ; 
 
 Williams, E. P., 58. : > - 
 
 Wheeler Alvah, 61. 
 Workhouse, petition for, 171 to 175. 
 Wataga, village, 432. 
 Walnut Grove twp., 433. 
 Williamsfield, village of, 439. 
 Woman's work, clubs, etc., 508. 
 
 origin, 509, 510. 
 
 general effect of, 510, 511. 
 
 Max O'Rell on American Women, 511. 
 
 Col. Carr on American Women, 511, 512. 
 
 The pioneer women of Knox county, 
 512. 
 
 Soldiers' aid societies, 513, 514. 
 
 The Dorcas society, 515, 521. 
 
 The W. C. T. U., 515. 
 
 The W. C. T. U. auxiliary 
 
 The Woman's Relief Corps, 517, 
 
 Free Kindergarten Association, 518, 519. 
 
 ne_w building of same, 520. 
 
 Kindergarten branches, 521. 
 
 Hawthorne club, 522. 
 
 Galesburg Fortnightly club, 523. 
 
 Mosaic club, 523. 
 
 Oliver Wendell Holmes club, 523. 
 
 Clio club, 524. 
 
 Tourist club, 525. 
 
 Home Culture club, 525. 
 
 The Sorosis, 526. 
 
 The Round Table club, 526. 
 
 St. Joseph's Alumni Literary Associa- 
 tion, 526. 
 
 The Author club, 527. 
 
 The Swedish Ladies' Benevolent society, 
 528. 
 
 Galesburg Equal Suffrage Association, 
 528. 
 
 Tuscarora club, 528. 
 
 The P. E. O. club, 528, 529. 
 
 The Wednesday club, 529. 
 
 Visiting Nurse Association, 530. 
 
 The Thursday club, 530. 
 
 The Woman's club, 531. 
 
 The W. A. R. M. A., 531. 
 
 The Woman's Improvement club, 532. 
 
 The Daisy Dean Walker club, 532. 
 
 The Illini club, Maquon, 532. 
 
 The Mothers' club, Maquon, 534. 
 
 The New Century club, Oneida, 534. 
 
 The 20th Century club, Oneida, 534. 
 
 Society of Mayflower Descendants, 534. 
 
 D. A. R. 535, Rebecca Parke cjiapter. 
 
 Young, Richard M., 54. 
 
 
Return this book on or before the 
 Latest Date stamped below. 
 
 University of Illinois Library 
 
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NOT TO BE TAKEfJ FROM IIRRJBV 
 
 HISTORY OF 
 
 KNOX COUNTY 
 
 ILLINOIS 
 
 ITS CITIES, TOWNS AND PEOPLE 
 
 ILLUSTRATED 
 
 VOLUME II 
 
 CHICAGO 
 
 THE S. J. CLARKE PUBLISHING COMPANY 
 
 1912 
 
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i Biographical '^'ll^icm 
 
 ; ; COLONEL CLARK E. CARR. ' ^ : V^ 
 
 Galesburg is proud, as well it may be, of the record of Colonel Clark E. 
 Carr, now one of the venerable and honored residents of the city. His interests 
 and activities, however, have been so broad and varied as to make him a man of 
 national character, for he has sustained many important relations to the public 
 service and in other associations has been found faultless in honor, fearless in 
 conduct and stainless in reputation. He was born in the town of Boston, Erie 
 county. New York, May 20, 1836, and is descended from a family of English 
 origin, the records of which are traced back to the time of the Norman Con- 
 quest. William Carr was born in London, England, June 17, 1597, and was 
 married May i6, 1619, to Susan Rothchild, in London. They came to America 
 in the fall of 1621 as passengers on the ship Fortune, Captain Roger Williams 
 commanding, and landed at Plymouth, Massachusetts, on the 7th of November. 
 For many generations the branch of the family of which Colonel Carr is a repre- 
 sentative remained in New England. His paternal grandfather was the Rev. 
 Qark Carr, who was born at East Greenwich, Rhode Island, where one of his 
 anc^tors, Caleb Carr, had once served as colonial governor. The Rev. Clark 
 Carr was a Baptist minister who preached for fifty years in western New York, 
 becoming a pioneer of that section of the state. He married Patty Merwin and 
 lived to be eighty years of age, while his wife reached the advanced age of 
 almost ninety years. They were the parents of a son and two daughters : Clark 
 M. ; Laura, who became the wife of Ambrose Torrey ; and Louisa, who married 
 Willard Alger. 
 
 Clark M. Carr, born in the Empire state, was reared in Erie county. New 
 York, and having arrived at years of maturity he wedded Delia Torrey, a native 
 of Connecticut and a daughter of Asa and Lydia (Roberts) Torrey. Her 
 father was born in Weymouth, Massachusetts, and was of English descent. 
 The mother of President Taft was a Torrey, closely related to Asa Torrey, Judge 
 Alphonso Taft, the father of the president, having married Louisa Maria 
 Torrey, a daughter of Samuel D. Torrey, of Millbury, Massachusetts. 
 
 It was some years after the marriage of Clark M. Carr that he removed to 
 the middle west, arriving in the spring of 1850 in Henry county, Illinois, where 
 he lived for nearly two years, after which he established his home in Galesburg 
 in the autumn of 1851. Clark M. Carr engaged in various lines of business but 
 during his residence in Galesburg was largely occupied with the promotion and 
 building of the Chicago, Burlington & Quincy Railroad. He died in this city in 
 1876 at the age of seventy-two years. His first wife, Mrs. Delia (Torrey) 
 
Biographical 
 
 COLONEL CLARK E. CARR. 
 
 Galesbiirg is proud, as well it may be. of the record of Colonel Clark E. 
 Carr, now one of the venerable and honored residents of the city. His interests 
 and activities, however, have been so broad and varied as to make him a man of 
 national character, for he has sustained many important relations to the public 
 service and in other associations has been found faultless in honor, fearless in 
 conduct and stainless in reputation. He was born in the town of Boston. Erie 
 county, New York, May 20. 1836. and is descended from a family of English 
 origin, the records of which are traced back to the time of the Norman Con- 
 quest. William Carr was born in London. England. June i/. 1597. and was 
 married May i6. 1619. to Susan Rothchild. in London. They came to America 
 in the fall of 1621 as passengers on the ship Fortune, Captain Roger Williams 
 commanding, and landed at Plymouth. Massachusetts, on the /th of November. 
 Eor many generations the branch of the family of which Colonel Carr is a repre- 
 sentative remained in New England. His paternal grandfather was the Rev. 
 Gark Carr, who was born at East Greenwich, Rhode Island, where one of his 
 ancestors. Caleb Carr. had once served as colonial governor. The Rev. Clark 
 Carr was a Baptist minister who preached for fifty years in western New York, 
 becoming a pioneer of that section of the state. He married Patty Merwin and 
 lived to be eighty years of age. while his wife reached the advanced age of 
 almost ninety years. They were the parents of a son and two daughters: Clark 
 M. : Laura, who became the wife of Ambrose Torrey; and Louisa, who married 
 Willard Alger. 
 
 Clark M. Carr, born in the Empire state, was reared in Erie county. Xcw 
 York, and having arrived at years of maturity he wedded Delia Torrey. a native 
 of Connecticut and a daughter of Asa and Lydia (Roberts) Torrey. TTer 
 father was born in Weymouth. Massachusetts, and was of English de-^cent. 
 The mother of President Taft was a Torrey. closely related to Asa Torrey. Tii<lge 
 Alphonso Taft. the father of the president, having married Louisa Maria 
 Torrey. a daughter of Samuel D. Torrey. of Millbury. Massachusetts. 
 
 It was some years after the marriage of Clark ^]. Carr that he removed to 
 the middle west, arriving in the spring of 1850 in Henry county. Illinois, where 
 he lived for nearly two years, after which he established his home in Galesburg 
 in the autumn of 1851. Clark M. Carr engaged in various lines of business but 
 during his residence in Galesburg was largely occupied with the j^romotion and 
 building of the Chicago. Burlington & Quincy Railroad. He died in this city in 
 1876 at the age of seventy-two years. His first wife. Mrs. Delia (Torrey) 
 
fv ::;' HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY :; \; 
 
 Carr. the mother of Colonel Carr, died in Erie county. New York, in 1839, when 
 our subject was only three years of age, and in 1845 he married again, his 
 second union being with Miss Fannie L. Yaw. There were four children by 
 the first marriage : General Eugene A. Carr, now deceased ; Colonel Byron O. 
 Carr, living in Seattle, Washington ; Rev. Dr. Horace M. Carr, of Parsons, 
 Kansas ; and Colonel Clark E. Carr, of this review. The children by the second 
 marriage were : George P., now deceased ; and Grace, the wife of J. C. Fahn- 
 nestock, of Galesburg. The second wife died in 1888. 
 
 Colonel Clark E. Carr was but thirteen years of age when the family re- 
 moved westward to Illinois and was a lad of fifteen years when they left Henry 
 county for Galesburg, where he has since made his home, having now resided 
 in this city for six decades. He pursued his education in Knox Academy and 
 Knox College, after which he returned to the east in preparation for a profes- 
 sional career and was graduated from the Albany, New York, Law School with 
 the LL. B. degree. He has since been given the degree of doctor of laws and 
 for many years following his admission to the bar in 1857 he remained in prac- 
 tice in Galesburg. In fact he was an active representative of the bar here for 
 nearly forty-five years but for the past ten years has lived retired. His work in 
 the courts became a matter of record and indicated his comprehensive knowl- 
 edge of the law and his ability to clearly, forcefully and cogently present the 
 points of his case and the principles and precedents applicable thereto. 
 
 As previously indicated Colonel Carr has been prominently known in many 
 public connections and at all times his life has been one of great serviceableness 
 in the fields in which he has labored. He won his military title by service dur- 
 ing the Civil war on the staff of Illinois' distinguished war governor, Richard 
 Yates. He was also postmaster of Galesburg for twenty-four years, being first 
 appointed to the office in i86i by Abraham Lincoln, of whom he was a personal 
 friend. In fact there are few men living in Illinois today who have had a wider 
 acquaintance among the men of Illinois who have gained distinction and national 
 honors and prominence. Colonel Carr has been a member of many commissions, 
 becoming one of the original members of the Soldiers National Cemetery Asso- 
 ciation at Gettysburg, which established the cemetery there. He was present 
 on the occasion when Abraham Lincoln inaugurated the cemetery and, seated 
 near him on the stage, heard the president's matchless address, a full account 
 of which Colonel Carr has given in his volume entitled "Lincoln at Gettysburg." 
 Presidential appointment under Benjamin Harrison made him minister pleni- 
 potentiary and envoy extraordinary to Denmark from 1889 until 1893. In 
 politics he has always been a zealous republican and of the great issues which 
 divide the two parties, with their roots extending down to the very bedrock of 
 the foundations of the republic, he has a true statesman's grasp. Well grounded 
 in the political maxims of the schools, he has also studied the lessons of actual 
 life, arriving at his conclusions as a result of what may be called his post- 
 graduate studies in the school of affairs. (^^ | 
 
 On the 3ist day of December, 1873, Colonel Carr was united in marriage 
 to Miss Grace Mills, a daughter of Hon. Henry A. and Julia (Crosby) Mills, 
 of Mt. Carroll, Illinois. Mr. Mills, the father of Mrs. Carr, was a son of 
 Abiram and Grace (deBerard) Mills, the latter of French descent while the 
 
i ; ' ; : HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY -; C '^-^T: 
 
 former was a native of New York, well known as a minister of the Presbyterian 
 church. The maternal grandfather of Mrs. Carr was Stephen Crosby, who was 
 born in Herkimer county. New York, and was a farmer and stock man. To 
 Colonel and Mrs. Carr there were bom two children: Clark Mills, who died 
 in 1879 and for whom the Clark Mills Carr prize in Knox College is named; 
 and Julia, who became the wife of Captain W. P. Jackson, of the Third Infantry 
 of the United States Army, who is now on duty at Zamboango, in the Philippine 
 islands. Captain and Mrs. Jackson have one child, Margaret. 
 
 Colonel Carr is the honored president of the Illinois State Historical Society 
 and also of the Knox County Historical Association and few men are so 
 thoroughly informed concerning the leading events which have shaped the his- 
 tory of the state. His comprehensive knowledge of all such has been made the 
 basis of his authorship of several most interesting volumes, including: The 
 mini,- A Story of the Prairies ; My Day and Generation ; Lincoln at Gettysburg ; 
 The Postal Railway Service; and The Life of Stephen A. Douglas. When an 
 individual has advanced far on life's journey it is frequently said of him : "He 
 is now living quietly at his home, etc." It is doubtful if this could ever be said 
 of Colonel Carr. His has always been an active life and he still keeps in close 
 connection with events that mark the trend of the times and is thoroughly in- 
 formed on the questions of significant and vital interest to city, state and nation. 
 He is continuously giving out of the rich store of his wisdom and experience 
 for the benefit of others and thus his life remains a serviceable factor in the 
 world's work. -/- ': ', ': "".^''. :r 
 
 The people of Knox county, and especially the people of Galesburg, will be, 
 interested in knowing how much they are indebted to Colonel Clark E. Carr for 
 having in their midst the great transcontinental Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe 
 Railway line, which is shown by the following letters from Mr. William B. . 
 Strong, the president of that great system when the road was built to Chicago. 
 
 , . - - ;v. . The Partridge Farm, 
 
 Beloit, Wisconsin, December lo, '97. .- 
 
 MY DEAR COLONEL CARR : Yours of November 3d came while I was in ' 
 Boston visiting my daughter, otherwise, it would have had earlier attention. I was 
 glad to hear from you and pleased to know of Mrs. Gaythes. We were sorry . 
 to have her sell her pretty home here and leave us. Wherever she may reside, . 
 she will have our best wishes. 
 
 Touching the Santa Fe, Chicago line ^your letter has brought it all up to 
 me so clearly. It was as you say, my aim to have the shortest line between 
 Chicago and Kansas City. The shortest line runs some miles south of Gales-. ' 
 burg Mr. Robinson, the chief engineer, urged the adoption of this line very ,. - 
 strongly. Personally, I was anxious to have the road run through Galesburg, ',' 
 My former connection with the C. B. & Q. made me familiar with the place 
 and its attractions for a railroad. The desire for the short line and Mr. Robin-' .; 
 son's pressure for the line would have won the day if you had not come forward .; ^ 
 at the right moment and plead the cause of Galesburg. It was purely out of , 
 respect for you, that I sent Mr. Robinson to Galesburg to consider a line . , , 
 through Galesburg. At that very time, Mr. Robinson had orders to adopt the ; 
 shorter line. The way you received Mr. Robinson and the arguments used by ;. 
 
8 , ' HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY ;,'- 
 
 you and others, which were communicated to me in Boston, caused the company 
 to make the proposition to build via Galesburg ^provided the right of way 
 through the city was given. This proposition was limited to a few days I may 
 say a few working hours it was accomplished. Your faith, hope and courage 
 carried it through. 
 
 My knowledge of you made me lean on you in these Galesburg matters and 
 I want to say to you now as the president of the Atchison Company, at that 
 time that if it had not been for your efforts, the Santa Fe line would have 
 gone through from Fort Madison to Streator and left Galesburg to one side. 
 I believe all things considered, that the best route was adopted. I wish to 
 thank you for speaking so favorably of the line from Kansas City to Chicago 
 and what you say about the whole system being disintegrated without it I fully 
 believe it. The Chicago terminals and the Galveston line are the three great 
 things about which I was roundly abused and woefully misrepresented. Today 
 they are considered of great conception the rock of strength and parties 
 claim supreme credit for all these sayings, who actually knew nothing of their 
 inception. Such is life. As I hear and read, I sometimes wonder if I ever had 
 anything to do with the Atchison system. In my doubt, and I find when I went 
 to that line in D. C. 1877, there were, all told, seven hundred and eighty-seven 
 miles. When I left it in 1889, seven thousand miles and the average mortgage 
 debt was only fifteen thousand dollars per mile and stock less than twelve 
 thousand dollars per mile. Pardon length. :. , i .. 
 
 With all good wishes, yours sincerely, 
 
 : -. . WM. B. STRONG. 
 
 , .. The Partridge Farm, 
 
 Beloit, Wisconsin, January 6, '98. 
 
 DEAR COLONEL CARR: Yours of the second inst. came safely. I thank you 
 for it. Your letter I prize. I simply want to say I was amazed to know that 
 anyone believed the Atchison line would have come to Galesburg anyway re- 
 gardless of local aid. I want to say to you in the most positive and unequivocal 
 language that the location of the line rested with Mr. Robinson and myself. 
 We agreed perfectly in the proposition made to Galesburg and in the limit of 
 time for its acceptance or rejection. It was accepted the right day. 
 
 I was in Boston and I wired Robinson positive instructions if the proposition 
 was not perfected by the proper responsible parties to adopt the southern or 
 more direct route. The aid granted by Galesburg secured the Atchison line, 
 and without that, the road would have been built several miles south of Gales- 
 burg. Personally, I preferred to adopt the Galesburg line and there were in- 
 fluences against it which yielded on condition the local aid was given. I am 
 pleased to know of Galesburg's prosperity. I hope it will continue. I am 
 pleased to know you saw Geo. R. Peck. He is a jewel. We fought and bled 
 together; he is no coward. God bless him. --,V '-:;:" I: ;i: 
 
 My Dear Colonel I wish you and yours a most Happy New Year and may 
 it come full of good health and genuine prosperity to you and each one dear to 
 you. Yours sincerely, 
 
 / N{V' WM. B. STRONG. 
 
/ , HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY : ' ; 59 
 
 .Sv. :=':; ; HORATIO N. KEIGHTLEY. -' : :"v-'' ^^' - . 
 
 ' ** " ' " ' 
 
 One of Knoxville's early citizens who gave his cooperation not only to the 
 promotions of all municipal enterprises but also to the development of educa- 
 tional institutions was the late Horatio N. Keightley. He was a native of the ; 
 state of New York, having been born in Cortland county, on the 25th of May, 
 1825, and there he was reared and educated. During his boyhood he attended 
 the district schools in the vicinity of his home, supplementing the knowledge 
 therein obtained by a course in the schools of Auburn, New York. Having ' 
 decided to become a lawyer, upon the completion of his preliminary educa- 
 tion he entered the office of William H. Seward, where he prepared for admis- 
 sion to the bar. In 1850, at the age of twenty-five years, he came to Knoxville 
 and established an office, continuing to be actively engaged in practice here for - 
 over forty years. He was one of the well read and widely informed attorneys . 
 . of the county, and was connected with many of the important litigations in . 
 its early history, having successfully plead many a cause in the old court- 
 house. A. man of high standards and upright principles, he became known as . 
 one who always conscientiously devoted himself to the protection of his clients* 
 interests. In connection with his professional work Mr. Keightley was also ; 
 interested in the grain business and agricultural pursuits. He owned two fine . 
 farms east of Knoxville that he cultivated for two years, making a specialty 
 of raising hogs. '.;'-;'..'';./":".:". i.-x"-:">'':;-'-..-:/t^''-'; - . ' ' ' v ^.^''^.-'. '?'.'H''-'^- -^ '^ 
 
 Mr. Keightley married Miss Mary L. Ewing, who was born in Smithfield, 
 Pennsylvania, on the 25th of January, 1831. They were married in this city, 
 on the 25th of May, 1852, by the Rev. W. Y. Miller, and always made their - 
 home here. Mrs. Keightley was a daughter of Alexander and Jane (Campbell) -. 
 Ewing, the father a native of Uniontown and the mother of Somerset, Penn- : 
 sylvania. The paternal grandfather, David Ewing, was a native of Ireland. , 
 He came to Knoxville in 1836 and with his brother, George, established a 
 general store. Here both he and his wife passed away and were laid to rest : 
 in the cemetery in the vicinity of Knoxville. Grandmother Ewing's maiden 
 name was Ruth Brown and she was a native of Maryland. The maternal 
 grandfather was John Campbell, who emigrated from Scotland to the United 
 States, first locating in Pennsylvania, but later becoming a resident of Ohio, 
 where he engaged in farming until his death. Alexander Ewing, Mrs. Keight- 
 ley's father, was one of the pioneer merchants of Knoxville, having opened 
 a general store here in 1836, that he conducted for many years. He was one ~ 
 of the many who made the long and perilous journey across the prairies to 
 California in 1849 in search of gold. Both he and his wife passed away in 
 Knoxville, her demise occurring on September 26, 1866, and his, on the 2d 
 of January, 1874. She was a member of the Episcopal church, in the faith 
 of which denomination they reared their family. They were the parents of 
 three children, Mrs. Keightley being the only one surviving. The others were 
 as follows: Anna M., the wife of William M. Phillips of Galesburg; and John 
 H., who in 1860 married Cornelia Weeks, and the widow is now living in El- 
 dorado, Kansas. Among the distinguished members of the Ewing family is to . 
 be named General Ewing, and Mrs. Keightley is also related to General -Sher- - 
 man. To Mr. and Mrs. Keightley were born eight children, of whom five are 
 
W^ HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY V/- 
 
 now living. Ida, who was bom on February 4, 1857, married John G. Breece, 
 a farmer near Caldwell, Kansas, and they have had six children : Henry, who is 
 deceased; Agnes, the wife of Victor Larson; Bertha, who married Carl Stoner; 
 and Charles, Horatio K. and Wilbur. Alice C. was born on the 2Oth of Sep- 
 tember, 1859, and died on the ist of December, 1907. Alexander Ewing, born 
 on September 15, i86i, married Mary McAuly and has three sons: Thomas 
 Ewing, Charles Nelson and Alexander Elwood. He is a resident of Danville, 
 Washington. Mary Ewing, born on January 5, 1864, is a trained nurse in 
 Chicago and the widow of William Bradford, by whom she had two daughters: 
 Helen and Dorothy. Martin Gay. of Wellington, Kansas, born on the 3d of 
 September, 1866, married Sarah E. Butts and has four sons: George Martin, 
 who is in the United States navy ; Harry E. ; Louis H. ; and Albert Ray. 
 
 The family always attended the Episcopal church, in which Mr. Keightley 
 held membership as does also his widow. Fraternally he was a Mason and 
 politically a republican, and at all times he took an active interest in affairs 
 of the municipality, having served as justice of the peace and for several terms 
 as mayor. Mr. Keightley always gave his assistance in promoting the develop- 
 ment of the community along lines he deemed qualified to best serve the inter- 
 ests of its citizens. He was the first to start the subscription that brought to 
 Knoxville St. Mary's school, an Episcopalian institution, originally known as 
 Ewing University, so called from Mrs. Keightley's family. He was held in 
 the highest esteem not only in Knoxville, where he had resided for so many 
 years, but in the entire county, and his death, on the 7th of April, 1896, caused 
 deep regret in the community. For several years prior to his demise he had 
 been living retired, his failing health having necessitated his withdrawal from 
 active life. He is survived by his widow, who has been a resident of Knox- 
 ville for seventy-five years, forty-nine of which have been spent on the old 
 family homestead, where she is still living. Mrs. Keightley had an extensive 
 acquaintance among the early pioneers of this section, whose names now figure 
 prominently in the state's history. She well remembers Lincoln's early days 
 and struggles and was present at an address he made from the balcony of the 
 old Hebbard House, in 1858, and many are the interesting reminiscences she 
 relates of those early days. 
 
 . : ':: JOHN VAN NESS STANDISH. .' ; ' : 
 
 John Van Ness Standish is a lineal descendant of Captain Miles Standish, of 
 Pilgrim fame, and was born in Woodstock, Vermont, February 26, 1825. His 
 father was John Winslow Standish, who was born in Pembroke, Massachusetts, 
 July 19, 1785. He was a man of many^rtues. He was kind, affectionate, 
 trustful, and had a heart full of love for evaryone.^IJe possessed good natural 
 powers of mind, and lived to his ninetieth year an exemplary and honorable life. 
 
 His mother was Caroline Williams MyricK, who was born in Woodstock, 
 Vermont, December 20, 1790. She was the daughter of Lieutenant Samuel 
 Myrick, who served his country through the Revolutionary war. She was de- 
 voted to her family and friends, domestic in her home life, untiring in industry. 
 
HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY , It 
 
 frugal, discreet, intelligent, and her whole life of sacrifice and duty is stamped 
 indelibly upon the memory of her children. 
 
 The ancestry of the Standish family reaches back to a very early period in 
 English history. In the thirteenth century, there were two branches to the fam- 
 ily; one called tfie "Standishes of Standish," and the other the "Standishes of 
 Duxbury Hall." Their location was near the village of Chorley, Lancashire. 
 The first of the name was Thurston de Standish, who was living in 1222. He 
 had a son Ralph, who had a son Hugh. In 1306, on account of differences in 
 religious views, the estate was divided ; Jordan Standish becoming the proprietor 
 of Standish, and Hugh, of Duxbury Hall. In 1677, Sir Richard Standish oc- 
 cupied the possessions of Sir Frank Standish. Titled nobility came into the 
 family in the following manner: Froissart relates in his chronicles that when 
 Richard II and Wat Tyler met, the rebel was struck from his horse by William 
 Walworth, and then John Standish, the king's squire, alighted, drew his sword, 
 and thrust it through Wat Tyler's body. For this act he was knighted. The 
 baronetcy, which was established in 1676, became extinct in 1812. '-:,-' *-'.-...' 
 
 The history of the Standish family in America begins with Miles Standish, 
 the great Puritan captain, who was descended from the Standishes of Ehixbury 
 Hall. He was bom about 1584 and died at Duxbury, Massachusetts, October 
 3, 1656. He inherited in a preeminent degree the military qualities of his 
 ancestors. He was the Moses of his time and led the pilgrim band into the 
 "Promised Land" of liberty. Without him. New England for a generation or 
 two would have remained a wilderness and that little Plymouth colony would 
 have become extinct. 
 
 Miles Standish's- first wife was Rose, a most beautiful woman. She died in 
 about a month after landing at Plymouth. According to tradition, his second 
 wife was Barbara, a sister to Rose. By this second marriage there were seven 
 children. The eldest was Alexander, who built the cottage in 1666 now standing 
 on the "Standish farm" at Duxbury. For his first wife, Alexander married 
 Sarah, daughter of John Alden. His second wife was Desire (Sherman) Doty, 
 by whom he had four children. Their eldest child was Thomas, who married 
 Mary Carver. Thomas had six children, the third birth being a son whose name 
 was Thomas, the great-grandfather of John Van Ness. This second Thomas mar- 
 ried Marta Bisbee and had two sons, one of whom was named Hadley. Hadley 
 married Abigail Gardner and became the father of eleven children. The third 
 child was John Winslow, who married Caroline Williams Myrick, They had 
 six children, the fourth birth being John Van Ness. v'.'?' 
 
 John Van Ness Standish belongs to the sixth generation from the Pilgrim 
 captain. He was not bom in affluence, and consequently, has been obliged to 
 depend upon his own exertions in the great contest of life. He received the 
 rudiments of his education in the common schools of his native town. From 
 these, he passed into private schools, in which he spent several terms. He next 
 became a student for several years, in an academy at Lebanon, New Hampshire, 
 which would vie in thoroughness and scholarship with many of the colleges of 
 today. Having finished here the entire course of mathematics save the calculus, 
 and being thoroughly prepared, he matriculated in Norwich University in 1844, 
 and graduated as salutatorian of his class July 7, 1847. While in college, he 
 was regarded as a most excellent scholar, and in mathematics, the leader of his 
 
H *: . HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY '.V / . 
 
 '-.''' ' -.'*'.'' 
 
 class. To meet his expenses during these years of study, he taught school 
 winters, commencing at the age of sixteen, and worked on the farm summers. 
 He made study a business, squandered no time, and had but little leisure for 
 recreation or games. 
 
 After leaving college, he taught a select school in Perkinsville, Vermont, 
 and when this was closed, he became principal of a graded school in the same 
 village. Not satisfied with the prospects in his native state, he resolved to 
 seek his fortunes in the west. In the fall of 1850, he went to western New 
 York and taught in the graded schools of Farmington, Bergen, Macedon, and 
 Victor, until he was called to the professorship of mathematics and astronomy 
 in Lombard University. Rev. P. R. Kendall, a classmate, was its president, 
 and the letter of invitation sent by him to Dr. Standish contained the following: 
 "You and I are to build a college. I want you to take charge while I collect 
 money." And it may be said that Lombard University owes its existence to 
 the labors of these two men. 
 
 On October 22, 1854, Dr. Standish arrived in Galesburg, and on the following 
 day he entered upon his duties as acting president, and professor of mathematics 
 and astronomy. He was acting president for three years, and the institution 
 prospered greatly under his management. From 1854 to 1892, a period of thirty- 
 eight years, he held his professorship. Nor was he confined to his own depart- 
 ment. For seven or eight years, he taught the natural sciences, and if any new 
 branch of study was introduced. Dr. Standish was elected as the teacher. A 
 professor said to him, "You have taught the whole college curriculum." Dr. 
 Standish replied, "Not quite." Counting geometry, calculus, logic, Cicero, Vir- 
 gil, and Livy, as distinct studies, he has taught over seventy ^more perhaps 
 than any other two professors in Galesburg. . :' -'. . ; .1 : '. ^ ' 
 
 In 1892, he was elected president of Lombard University, resigning in June, 
 1895. For the first seven months, he canvassed for funds, and raised by sub- 
 scription forty-one thousand, five hundred dollars a larger amount than was 
 ever raised in so short a time by any other man working in the interest of the 
 university. The catalogues will show that during his administration, the 
 patronage gradually increased. 
 
 Dr. Standish performed signal service for the college outside of his profes- 
 sorship. He planned the cabinet cases and, with the aid of Mrs. Standish, 
 raised the money to pay for them. He raised the money and purchased the 
 cabinet of corals. He obtained the Cowan collection. He secured the means 
 to build the bookcases. He arranged and planned the shrubbery on the college 
 campus. As another has said, "There is scarcely a place but that you see his 
 hand." ' , . ' '' -;.' .' _:-.' ':.:;--.",:'- '-- ^v'--:--- ' ': \'-.^-':-' 
 
 As a teacher. Dr. Standish had but few equals. He was original in his illus- 
 trations and methods, and cared little for the opinions of men as written in 
 books. He was a law unto himself, and his teaching was neither by book nor 
 by rote. He was clear, incisive, and never allowed the dullest student to pass 
 from him without a full comprehension of the subject. Many of his pupils used 
 to say, "I can carry away more of his instruction than that of any other teacher." 
 Dr. Anson L. Clark, a graduate of Lombard University in 1858, a professor 
 and president of Bennett Medical College in Chicago for more than a quarter of 
 a century, and a member of the state board of health for as long a period, pays 
 
- . : ' HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY ,:;:; 15 
 
 him the following tribute: "As a teacher, Professor Standish had few equals, 
 no superiors. With the subject so completely in hand himself, it was always a 
 wonder, how for the benefit of some dull pupil he could go oyer a mathematical 
 demonstration again, again, and again, without the slightest appearance of im- 
 patience. And to those observing this conflict between light and darkness, it 
 was especially pleasing to note the kindly light of interest and satisfaction which 
 would pass over his countenance when at last he saw that he had won, and that 
 the problem was comprehended. He made such victories a life-work and ac- 
 knowledged no defeat." 
 
 Rev. John R. Carpenter, whose pastorate is at Rockland, Ohio, and who 
 graduated at the University in 1887, says: "Dr. Standish was an ideal instructor. 
 He was a man of leading characteristics, original, positive in his convic- 
 tions, clear-sighted, and always worked with a definite and good object before 
 him. He was a growing teacher, always bringing forth some new view of the 
 truth. Those who have been students of Dr. Standish are always grateful for 
 the privilege of sitting at the feet of one of the best instructors that this counry 
 ever produced. He would carry his pupils up to the heights, and give them a 
 view of the promised land just beyond. But when once on the heights, no true 
 student ever came down to his old position. 
 
 D. L. Braucher, a civil engineer and surveyor, and one of the best mathe- 
 maticians ever connected with the university, gives his impressions in the fol- 
 lowing words: "Professor Standish was always thoughtful, dignified in his 
 bearing, and anxious to make his pupils see the truth as viewed from foundation 
 principles. He seemed more like a sympathetic companion than teacher, while 
 we were delving for the hidden truths of higher mathematics. The more knotty 
 the problem, the more persistent the labor, till victory perched on our banner, 
 as she always did. Time has tinted those memories as delicately as the sunshine 
 has painted the rainbow." 
 
 As a scholar. Dr. Standish stands preeminent. He is really an all-round 
 man. Not only is he well versed in the lore of books and the teachings of the 
 schools, but he has been a great student in the broad fields of the world. He 
 is well posted in almost every department of science, literature and art. In 
 criticism, he has but few equals. He excels in rhetoric and in grammatical 
 construction in the use of words, and has been called by some scholars a dic- 
 tionary man. At the ministers' institutes, held in Chicago and other places, he 
 was selected above all others as the critic for the entire sessions. 
 
 In his labors and zeal for the advancement and improvement of the com- 
 mon schools, he has hardly been excelled by any one. He has held teachers' 
 institutes, and lectured all over the state from Jackson and Macoupin counties 
 on the north. He was chairman of the first meeting to establish graded schools 
 in Galesburg, and attended other meetings held in their interest. From 1854 
 to 1880, he was a constant attendant at the Knox County Institute of Teachers, 
 and was a leading member of the State Teachers' Association. The latter body, 
 in 1859, elected him president. 
 
 Dr. Standish has been a great traveler. In company with Mrs. Standish, he 
 has visited the old world three times in 1879, 1882-3, and in 1891-2. With the 
 exception of Denmark and Portugal, he has visited every country of Europe. 
 Egypt and the Holy Land, and Asia Minor, went to the North Cape within nine- 
 
16 HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY 
 
 teen degrees of the North Pole, saw the midnight sun seven nights, and took 
 a trip of a hundred miles out on the Sahara Desert. Both Dr. and Mrs. Standish 
 have gone abroad for study, as well as pleasure. In his own country, he has 
 visited every state in the Union excepting the Carolinas. 
 
 Both Dr. and Mrs. Standish are lovers of art. They have visited every 
 large picture gallery in the world, and many small ones. They are conversant 
 with the museums of Europe and have studied cathedrals and parks, wherever 
 they have traveled. Egypt and Assyria, Greece and Rome, have been laid 
 under contribution, and their treasures have been spread out before them. 
 
 As a public-spirited man. Dr. Standish holds a conspicuous place among his 
 fellow citizens. He has done much to improve the city, and has given more 
 hours of labor without compensation than any other man in it. For more than 
 thirty years, he has made his own grounds the most attractive in the city. 
 Another said to him, "Your handiwork is seen all over Galesburg." He has an 
 aesthetic nature, and is fond of mountain scenery, and beauty of landscape. He 
 is a horticulturist, and for nearly ten years, was president of Knox County Agri- 
 cultural Society. He was once elected a member of the board of education, 
 and for many years, has been a director in the Second National Bank. 
 
 As a man. Dr. Standish is kind, benevolent, and charitable, and will make 
 sacrifices for the public good. He is open-hearted, and believes in honesty of 
 purpose and intention. He has no use for double-minded men. In religion he 
 is a Universalist. In politics, he is a republican. 
 
 Dr. Standish was married, March 24, 1859, to Harriet Augusta Kendall, 
 daughter of Francis and Rebecca (Stowe) Kendall. She was a teacher of paint- 
 ing, French and Italian in Lombard University for twelve years. ' ; ':* - ; ^^ 
 
 ': H. AUGUSTA STANDISH. 
 
 H. Augusta (Kendall) Standish was bom in Phillipston, Massachusetts, 
 March 19. 1823. She died in Galesburg, Illinois, September 17, 1911. Her 
 parents were Francis and Rebecca (Stowe) Kendall, both of whom were natives 
 of Phillipston. The Kendall family were a strong race, both mentally and 
 physically. Their line of descent can be traced back to one of three brothers, 
 who came from England to America about 1630, and settled near Boston. In- 
 tellectually speaking, the Stowe family were not, in any resp)ect, inferior to 
 the Kendall family. They were a broad-minded and sensible people and never 
 violated rules of propriety in action. Before acting, they studied conditions 
 and weighed results, so as to accomplish the most without wasting energies or 
 expense. Such were the ruling characteristics of this Stowe farriily and such 
 were their merits as recorded in the generations in which they lived. In a 
 word, then, both of these families were the stuflF out of which good republics 
 are made. They hated anarchy and tyranny and loved freedom for freedom's 
 sake. They believed in law for the lawless and in the largest liberty to those 
 who were governed by the higher law. In truth, they knew no law but duty 
 and right. It was these lofty ideals that made these families such worthy 
 citizens. 
 
; r y .; . HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY : ^1 >v 10 
 
 I 
 
 Mrs. Standish was well bom. She lived a long and useful life, and died 
 regretted by a large company of sincere friends. When she was but sixteen 
 years old, she lost by death a loving mother. The management and care of 
 the household of five persons fell upon her. For about five years she engaged 
 herself in this domestic task, until failing health compelled a change. 
 
 In the district school, Mrs. Standish's school days were happy ones. She 
 was a thorough scholar, thorough in everything she undertook. In her studies, 
 ; though the youngest, she led her class. Her ideals in education were often 
 expressed by her in two maxims: "It is a sin to be ignorant;" "It does not 
 hurt one to know." In her domestic experience of five years, she did not 
 wholly neglect her studies. She improved every leisure moment and became a 
 proficient in several of the sciences. 
 
 But her educational acquirements in the district schools and the instruction 
 she received from private teachers did not satisfy her ambition. She marked 
 out her course and with an unwavering firmness pursued it. She left home 
 
 and friends and entered as a student the seminary at Charlestown, now a part 
 of Boston. It was here that she pursued the higher branches of learning and 
 
 . became a thorough scholar in French and Italian. It is here that her love for 
 and ability in art were developed, and the many paintings in oil and water colors, 
 which have for so many years adorned her home, were produced. In this 
 seminary, she soon became a favorite. By reason of her earnestness in school 
 work, her womanly character, and her hig^ moral tone, she won the affection 
 and confidence of both teacher and pupil. ; 
 
 She next attended school in an academy at Shelbume Falls, Massachusetts. 
 
 Here she remained a year or two, still pursuing the higher branches of learn- 
 . ing. At this time there were no colleges for women in all our country, nor 
 
 . were they even thought of. The academy and seminary were the only institu- 
 ,. tions offered them to acquire a broader education. But it must be said that 
 New England academies and seminaries of these early times were fully equal 
 to many of the smaller colleges of today. Then young men and young women 
 "went" to school instead of being "sent." Education then had its full meaning. 
 At Shelburne Falls, Mrs. Standish bid farewell to seminaries and academies, 
 as far as her schooling was concerned, and afterwards engaged in teaching 
 her life work. Her first experience as a teacher was in the district schools of 
 her native state. Here she taught with great success. Her reputation as an 
 ; instructor and disciplinarian was so spread abroad that her services were in 
 constant demand, even at higher wages than other teachers were receiving. 
 She next took a position in an academy in Townsend, Vermont, where she re- 
 mained a year or more. Resigning her place in the academy, she accepted a 
 similar position in a private school at Saratoga Springs, New York, where she 
 remained until called to Lombard University, Galesburg, Illinois. She arrived 
 .. ' in Galesburg, Tuesday, August 29, 1854, and took her position before her 
 'classes the following day. The institution then bore the name, "The Illinois 
 Liberal Institute." Its charter gave it the power to confer degrees upon those 
 ' students who had finished a certain prescribed course of study. Although the 
 ^ institution bore the name "Institute," it was a college to all intents and pur- 
 poses. What was the character of the institution at this time? Considering 
 this early period, it was "large," two hundred and thirty-three being enrolled 
 
20 ; ; HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY 
 
 at the end of that school year. The classes were composed mainly of students 
 advanced in age and advanced in learning. Advanced Latin, advanced Greek, 
 and the higher matheniatics were pursued. There were classes in the differ- V 
 ential and integral calculus, and students reading three languages, Latin, Greek ' 
 and French, in the same term. The great body of the students were so anxious . ' 
 to learn, that they sometimes petitioned the faculty not to omit but to continue '.;; 
 their recitations on certain holidays, which petitions were freely granted. To ; ; 
 such an institution, to such a company of earnest students, Mrs, Standish was . 
 introduced, and of the ability with which she acquitted herself, there are hun- 
 dreds of living witnesses. : 
 
 Mrs. Standish was elected to the professorship of French and Italian, and 
 teacher of drawing and painting. Nor was she confined exclusively to this 
 department. She also taught classes in English literature, history, and some of '. 
 the mathematics. She was principal of the ladies' department, and had a large 
 task in correcting their essays. She held her professorship for twelve years, > 
 resigning in June, 1866. During these early years, Lombard University was 
 passing through her most critical period. She was carried through it by the 
 sacrifices of faithful teachers and faithful students. It may be said truly that 
 Mrs. Standish with others passed through fire and water to save the tottering 
 college. Here was an institution of learning without a dollar in the treasury y 
 and with no prospect of getting one, with her chapel building in ashes, and ' 
 with unsuitable recitation rooms scattered all over the city, some of them half 
 a mile apart; and to add to this state of things, each teacher was paid his back - 
 : salary at the end of the year in script of doubtful value. .,' 
 
 Nor were conditions improved on entering the new building in the fall of 
 1856. Here stood the present college building on the open prairie, far removed 
 from any human habitation. It was unfinished. The walls of many of the ;" 
 rooms were naked, some had lath without plaster, and the outside walls of the 
 rooms exposed to view the rough brick and mortar. There were no baseboards - 
 to the rooms and blackboards were not even thought of or planned. But the *' 
 greatest discomfort was found in the incapacity of two small furnaces to heat 
 the building. No room was heated, and the larger number had no heat at all ;. j 
 from morning till night. In recitation, both teacher and pupil, were obliged to . 
 wear coats and shawls to protect themselves against the cold. This was the ;.; 
 state of things until near Christmas time, when a vacation was ordered with a ; . 
 promise of new and better things. Nor was this the only trouble. During that 
 winter this whole region of country was covered with ice, and then heavy rains 
 came, forming rivers of water near the university, thereby cutting it oflf com- 
 pletely from the city. To meet the exigencies of the case, lady teachers and 
 lady pupils were compelled to purchase and wear rubber boots in order to reach 
 the university. Notwithstanding these trying times, it must be said that every 
 teacher and every student did his duty. They shirked no task and omitted no 
 lesson. They were at their posts until the day of vacation. 
 
 Through all these trials, Mrs. Standish passed. She murmured not, nor 
 complained. She saw the obstacles in her pathway, but like a pilgrim, she took 
 her staff and marched on. Her task was before her, and she could not be t 
 turned aside. She knew and felt that success was born of self-sacrifice and ! 
 self-determination, and success in whatever calling, though humble, gratified | 
 
. % HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY ;; . ^ i ^ K' 
 
 her ambition. It was the well done thing that received her encomiums. In all 
 her life her motto was "Not how much, but how well." 
 
 As a scholar, Mrs. Standish was more than ordinary. Indeed, she was ; ,. 
 broadly educated. She was a student all her life. She had an ambition and a 
 desire to learn. If any topic was introduced in conversation of which she was 
 ignorant, she immediately set herself the task of learning it, and that task was 
 finished only when her lesson was learned thoroughly. As a botanist, she was 
 one of the best in the country, having made that branch her favorite study for 
 more than seventy years. She was a superior student in astronomy. She could 
 bound all the visible constellations and call the principal stars by name. Nightly, 
 she waiched the planets in their course, and often exclaimed, "How wonderful '. , 
 are the works of the Great Creator!" In the different branches of art, she was . 
 almost supereminent. She was really the organizer of the first reading clubs 
 in Galesburg. For twelve years, twice a week, she invited the ladies of the . 
 city to her home and discoursed to them on the beauties of the masterpieces in . . 
 painting and the wonderful creations of Phidias, Michael Angelo, and Canova. 
 Nor was architecture omitted. The Grecian temples, the basilicas of Italy, and ' 
 
 the English cathedrals were pictured before them. When Mrs. Laura Bassett ; 
 visited Europe in 1905, she wrote to Mrs. Standish, "It is over twenty years 
 since I had the privilege of meeting at your home with several other ladies and 
 learning of treasures of art and beauties of architecture. With the maps in - 
 Baedecker and plats of the picture galleries, you made it so plain that I always 
 used to say that I felt sure that I could go about here without any trouble at -. 
 all, and would recognize these different buildings and so it is." Nor is this 
 all. Mrs. Standish was a scholar in English literature and her correctness of 
 speech was remarkable. Often she would pause and in thought search for a 
 fitting word. It seems that she was born with golden words on her tongue. . 
 
 As a teacher, Mrs. Standish had but few equals. Her great faculty was in 
 the development of the minds of her pupils. She saw that it was not knowl- 
 edge the pupils needed, but the power to get knowledge. In her teaching, she 
 was always logical and never diffuse. She never left in the pupil's mind a - / 
 subject hazily or poorly understood. It was always her endeavor to bring out 
 true manhood and true womanhood in her pupils. 
 
 As a citizen, Mrs. Standish was well worthy of the title of public benefactor. 
 She labored for others and not for herself. She believed in civic improvements ' ' 
 and worked to make the city a better place to live in. All rubbish and unsightly . ' 
 things distressed her, and no one knows how much time she spent in beautify- I 
 ing the city. Her example and her work she has left behind her, which will be 
 a profit to many. She was ever charitable and kind and a help to all who knew ; :; 
 her. She loved the good, the beautiful, and the true, and never descended from 
 the high plane of true womanhood. 
 
 Mrs. Standish was united in marriage to John Van Ness Standish, a pro- 
 fessor in Lombard University, March 24, 1859. The ceremony was performed 
 in the college chapel by the Reverend Otis A. Skinner, D. D., who was then ' 
 president of the university, a large number of students and friends being 
 present. The golden wedding was celebrated in Pasadena, California, March 
 24, 1909. There was only "one" present who attended the original wedding, 
 Mrs. A. M. H. Ellis, of Seattle, Washington, formerly of Chicago. -;.- .. 
 
20 : HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY ; 
 
 at the end of that school year. The classes were composed mainly of students 
 advanced in age and advanced in learning. Advanced Latin, advanced Greek, 
 and the higher matheniatics were pursued. There were classes in the differ- 
 ential and integral calculus, and students reading three languages, Latin, Greek 
 and French, in the same term. The great body of the students were so anxious 
 to learn, that they sometimes petitioned the faculty not to omit but to continue 
 their recitations on certain holidays, which petitions were freely granted. To 
 such an institution, to such a company of earnest students, Mrs. Standish was 
 introduced, and of the ability with which she acquitted herself, there are hun- 
 dreds of living witnesses. 
 
 Mrs. Standish was elected to the professorship of French and Italian, and 
 teacher of drawing and painting. Nor was she confined exclusively to this 
 department. She also taught classes in English literature, history, and some of 
 the mathematics. She was principal of the ladies' department, and had a large 
 task in correcting their essays. She held her professorship for twelve years, 
 resigning in June, 1866. During these early years, Lombard University was 
 passing through her most critical period. She was carried through it by the 
 sacrifices of faithful teachers and faithful students. It may be said truly that 
 Mrs. Standish with others passed through fire and water to save the tottering 
 college. Here was an institution of learning without a dollar in the treasury 
 and with no prospect of getting one, with her chapel building in ashes, and 
 with unsuitable recitation rooms scattered all over the city, some of them half 
 a mile apart ; and to add to this state of things, each teacher was paid his back 
 salary at the end of the year in script of doubtful value. 
 
 Nor were conditions improved on entering the new building in the fall of 
 1856. Here stood the present college building on the open prairie, far removed 
 from any human habitation. It was unfinished. The walls of many of the 
 rooms were naked, some had lath without plaster, and the outside walls of the 
 rooms exposed to view the rough brick and mortar. There were no baseboards 
 to the rooms and blackboards were not even thought of or planned. But the 
 greatest discomfort was found in the incapacity of two small furnaces to heat 
 the building. No room was heated, and the larger number had no heat at all 
 from morning till night. In recitation, both teacher and pupil, were obliged to 
 wear coats and shawls to protect themselves against the cold. This was the 
 state of things until near Christmas time, when a vacation was ordered with a 
 promise of new and better things. Nor was this the only trouble. During that 
 winter this whole region of country was covered with ice, and then heavy rains 
 came, forming rivers of water near the university, thereby cutting it off com- 
 pletely from the city. To meet the exigencies of the case, lady teachers and 
 lady pupils were compelled to purchase and wear rubber boots in order to reach 
 the university. Notwithstanding these trying times, it must be said that every 
 teacher and every student did his duty. They shirked no task and omitted no 
 lesson. They were at their posts until the day of vacation. 
 
 Through all these trials, Mrs. Standish passed. She murmured not, nor 
 complained. She saw the obstacles in her pathway, but like a pilgrim, she took 
 her staff and marched on. Her task was before her, and she could not be 
 turned aside. She knew and felt that success was born of self-sacrifice and 
 self-determination, and success in whatever calling, though humble, gratified 
 
V . HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY - - , ' / 
 
 her ambition. It was the well done thing that received her encomiums. In all 
 her life her motto was "Not how much, but how well." 
 
 ;>' As a scholar, Mrs. Standish was more than ordinary. Indeed, she was 
 broadly educated. She was a student all her life. She had an ambition and a 
 desire to learn. If any topic was introduced in conversation of which she was 
 ignorant, she immediately set herself the task of learning it, and that task was 
 finished only when her lesson was learned thoroughly. As a botanist, she was 
 one of the best in the country, having made that branch her favorite study for 
 more than seventy years. She was a superior student in astronomy. She could 
 bound all the visible constellations and call the principal stars by name. Nightly, 
 she watched the planets in their course, and often exclaimed, "How wonderful 
 are the works of the Great Creator!" In the different branches of art, she was 
 almost supereminent. She was really the organizer of the first reading clubs 
 in Galesburg. For twelve years, twice a week, she invited the ladies of the 
 city to her home and discoursed to them on the beauties of the masterpieces in 
 painting and the wonderful creations of Phidias, Michael Angelo, and Canova. 
 Nor was architecture omitted. The Grecian temples, the basilicas of Italy, and 
 the Fnglish cathedrals were pictured before them. When Mrs. Laura Bassett 
 visited Europe in 1905, she wrote to Mrs. Standish, "It is over twenty years 
 since I had the privilege of meeting at your home with several other ladies and 
 learning of treasures of art and beauties of architecture. With the maps in 
 Baedecker and plats of the picture galleries, you made it so plain that I always 
 used to say that I felt sure that I could go about here without any trouble at 
 all, and would recognize these different buildings and so it is." Nor is this 
 all. Mrs. Standish was a scholar in English literature and her correctness of 
 speech was remarkable. Often she would pause and in thought search for a 
 fitting word. It seems that she was born with golden words on her tongue. 
 
 As a teacher, Mrs. Standish had but few equals. Her great faculty was in 
 the development of the minds of her pupils. She saw that it was not knowl- 
 edge the pupils needed, but the power to get knowledge. In her teaching, she 
 was always logical and never diffuse. She never left in the pupil's mind a 
 subject hazily or poorly understood. It was always her endeavor to bring out 
 true manhood and true womanhood in her pupils. . ' ;.-''. 
 
 As a citizen, Mrs. Standish was well worthy of the title of public benefactor. 
 She labored for others and not for herself. She believed in civic improvements 
 and worked to make the city a better place to live in. All rubbish and unsightly 
 things distressed her, and no one knows how much time she spent in beautify- 
 ing the city. Her example and her work she has left behind her, which will be 
 a profit to many. She was ever charitable and kind and a help to all who knew 
 her. She loved the good, the beautiful, and the true, and never descended from 
 the high plane of true womanhood. ' ;C-::' ; -V - i^.'-- / "' ^'-':'^' '';;'- 
 
 Mrs. Standish was united in marriage to John Van Ness Standish, a pro- 
 fessor in Lombard University, March 24, 1859. The ceremony was performed 
 in the college chapel by the Reverend Otis A. Skinner, D. D., who was then 
 president of the university, a large number of students and friends being 
 present. . The golden wedding was celebrated in Pasadena, California, March 
 24, 1909. There was only "one" present who attended the original wedding, 
 Mrs. A. M. H. Ellis, of Seattle, Washington, formerly of Chicago. 
 
22 : HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY :;V;:. 
 
 -Mn religion, -Mrs. Standish was a Universalist, though she was brought up 
 in the Congregationalist faith. She was far from being narrowly sectarian. 
 She thought that good works and an upright life counted for more than blind 
 belief. 
 
 In politics, her sympathies were republican, and if she could have voted, her 
 vote would have been cast on that side. In both religion and politics, she be- 
 lieved the higher law should prevail. . 
 
 - -^ , REV. FRANCIS BAINES. ^'V'-V 
 
 '. \ '*."T , '; . , '.' . * " '.' - .; 
 
 Rev. Francis Baines, who is in charge of the parish of St. Patrick of Gales- 
 burg, was bom in Ehidley, Worcestershire, England, on the 3d of December, 
 1874. 
 
 The preliminary education of Father Baines was obtained at Rugby, after 
 which he studied at Mount Wadhurst, Sussex and Monte Calvario, Italy. He 
 subsequently went to Ratcliffe College, as an instructor in Latin, remaining 
 there for two years. At the expiration of that period he engaged in mission 
 work at Loughborough, Leicestershire, England, for a year, and in 1904 he came 
 to this country as an assistant to Father Doubleday, of Galesburg. After serving 
 in this capacity for four years he was appointed head of the parish, over which 
 he has now presided for three years. He is the spiritual counselor of one hun- 
 dred and thirty families and has under his supervision the following organiza- 
 tions : Sacred Heart Sodality, Children of Mary and the Altar Society. St. 
 Patrick's is one of the popular parishes of the city. Father Baines is very popu- 
 lar not only in his parish but throughout the city, as he is a man of rare culture 
 and scholarly instincts, whose well stored mind makes him a most delightful 
 and entertaining conversationalist. He is progressive in his ideas and exercises 
 a most powerful influence over all the members of his parish, who place a high 
 valuation on his views on any subject, appreciating the fact that they are the 
 result of careful and conscientious deliberation. 
 
 . ;'r LLOYD F. WERTMAN. . ;: ;^^ ; / 
 
 Honored and respected by all, there is no man who occupies a more enviable 
 position in business and financial circles in Galesburg than does Lloyd F. Wert- 
 man, the president of the First National Bank. This is not due alone to the 
 success he has achieved but also to the straightforward, honorable business 
 methods he has ever followed, and his record indicates that success is not a 
 matter of genius as held by some but is rather the outcome of clear judgment 
 and unfaltering energy. He was born in Bloomsburg, Pennsylvania, November 
 7, 1845, and is one of the seven children of Elias and Mary (Kistler) Wertman. 
 The former was a son of Daniel Wertman, a native of Pennsylvania and of 
 German descent. He removed with his family to Lockport, New York, where 
 he died when well advanced in years. To him and his wife were bom a number 
 
i2 HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY 
 
 In religion, .Mrs. Standish was a L'niversalist, though she was brought up 
 in the Congregationalist faith. She was far from being narrowly sectarian. 
 She thought that good works and an upright life counted for more than blind 
 belief. 
 
 In politics, her sympathies were republican, and if she could have voted, her 
 vote would have been cast on that side. In both religion and politics, she be- 
 lieved the higher law should prevail. 
 
 REV. FRAXCIS BAIXES. 
 
 V . . , ^ ! 
 
 Rev. Francis Baines, who is in charge of the parish of St. Patrick of Gales- 
 burg, was bom in Dudley, Worcestershire. England, on the 3d of December, 
 
 1874. 
 
 The preliminary education of Father Baines was obtained at Rugby, after 
 which he studied at Mount Wadhurst. Sussex and Monte Calvario, Italy. He 
 subsequently went to Ratcliffe College, as an instructor in Latin, remaining 
 there for two years. At the expiration of tliat period he engaged in mission 
 work at Loughborough, Leicestershire. England, for a year, and in 1904 he came 
 to this country as an assistant to Father Doubleday, of Galesburg. After serving 
 in this capacity for four years he was appointed head of the parish, over which 
 he has now presiderl for three years. He is the spiritual counselor of one hun- 
 dred and thirty families and has under his supervision the following organiza- 
 tions : Sacred Heart Sodality, Children of Mary and the Altar Society. St. 
 Patrick's is one of the popular parishes of the city. Father Baines is very popu- 
 lar not only in his parish but throughout the city, as he is a man of rare culture 
 and scholarly instincts, whose well stored mind makes him a most delightful 
 and entertaining conversationalist. He is progressive in his ideas and exercises 
 a most powerful influence over all the members of his parish, who place a high 
 valuation on his views on any subject, aj^preciating the fact that they are the 
 result of careful and conscientious deliberation. 
 
 LLOYD F. \VERTMA\. 
 
 Honored and respected bv all. there is no man who occupies a more enviable 
 position in business and financial circles in Galesburg than does Lloyd F. Wert- 
 man, the president of the First National Bank. This is not due alone to the 
 success he has achieved but also to the straightforward, honorable business 
 methods he has ever followed, and his record indicates that success is not a 
 matter of genius as held by some but is rather the outcome of clear judgment 
 and unfaltering energ\'. He was born in Bloomsburg. Pennsylvania, November 
 7. 1843, and is one of the seven children of F.lias and Mary CKistler") Wertman. 
 The former was a son of Daniel Wertman. a native of Pennsylvania and of 
 German descent. He removed with his family to Lockport, New York, where 
 he died when well advanced in vears. To him and his wife were born a number 
 
:-:;>;::'--- :-';'/^-;/:;'- HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY . :^^:-j''':^^-'-l;)^^^ 
 
 of children, including Elias, Noah, Daniel, Emanuel, John, Jonathan and a 
 daughter, Elias Wertman was also a native of the Keystone state and was 
 there reared. Eventually he followed merchandising in Bloomsburg and Rohrs- 
 burg, Pennsylvania, and in the year 1864 removed westward to Illinois, settling 
 that spring in Knox county, where he turned his attention to general agricultural 
 pursuits. He followed farming in both Per Sifer and Elba townships, being 
 for many years actively engaged in the work of tilling the soil. While in Penn- 
 sylvania he had wedded Mary Kistler, a native of that state, as was her father, 
 who was of German lineage. He was a distiller and prominent farmer. The 
 death of Elias Wertman occurred in Yates City when he was about seventy- 
 eight years of age and his wife passed away several years before. They held 
 membership in the German Lutheran church and were worthy Christian people. 
 Of their seven children five reached years of maturity, two having died in in- 
 fancy. Those who attained adult age were : Daniel, now deceased ; Sarah, the 
 widow of Sf>encer L. Finney, of Galesburg; Mary Ellen, the wife of Samuel 
 Chester, of Creston, Iowa; Lloyd F. ; and Martha J., the widow of James A. 
 Wilson, of Galesburg. 
 
 In his native town of Bloomsburg Lloyd F. Wertman spent his early youth 
 and began his education, which was supplemented by further study in the public 
 schools of Rohrsburg, Pennsylvania, and in the academy at Orangeville, that 
 state. He was also for a year and a half a student in a missionary institute or 
 college at Selinsgrove and when his education was completed he came to the 
 middle west and turned his attention to farming, renting a tract of land adjoin- 
 ing his father's place. Subsequently he purchased his father's farm and remained 
 thereon until 1878, when he removed to Yates City, Illinois, where he spent two 
 years in a cooperative store. On the expiration of that period he formed a 
 partnership with J. H. Nicholson and W, P. Parker for the establishment of a 
 bank at Yates City. Their enterprise was known as the Farmers Bank and its 
 doors were opened for business on the ist of August, 1880, with Mr. Wertman 
 as cashier. He filled that position for nine years and the success of the bank 
 is attributable in large measure to his efforts and ability. He then sold out to 
 Mr, Nicholson and came to Galesburg, accepting the cashiership in the Farmers 
 & Mechanics Bank of this city, with which he was connected for six years, 
 when he was elected vice president of the First National and after two years 
 was elected to the presidency, so that he is now the chief executive officer of 
 the bank, his guiding policy being such as commends the institution to the confi- 
 dence and support of the public. In the conduct of banking interests he has 
 ever adhered to the principle, that the banking institution that most carefully 
 safeguards its business in order to protect its depositors, is the bank which most 
 merits the public confidence. > ^; ---:'"; ^: --'-v 
 
 On January ii, 1870, Mr. Wertman was married to Miss Isabella J. Ober- 
 holtzer, a native of Eugene, Knox county, Illinois, and a daughter of Henry 
 and Martha (Tucker) Oberholtzer. The family is an old one here, having 
 been established in pioneer times. Her father died from the effects of army 
 experience, having been a soldier of the Civil war, and her mother passed away 
 in Gilson when eighty-five years of age. To IMr. and Mrs. Wertman have been 
 born five children: Elmer, who died in infancy: Mary, who is the wife of 
 
 i. n 
 
:: HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY :: -/" 
 
 Arthur D. Stearns, of Galesburg, and has four children, Philip, Helen, Frances 
 and Virginia ; Martha Leorah and Maude, who are living at home ; and Norma 
 B., who is the wife of Guy B. Hardy, an attorney of Galesburg, by whom she 
 has one child, Jane. Mr. Wertman is serving as a trustee in the Presbyterian 
 church, in which his wife holds membership. In politics he is a republican, 
 giving unfaltering support to the party, and while residing in Elba township he 
 served as township clerk for ten years, was collector for two or three terms 
 and was also one of the county supervisors while living in Yates City. For 
 twelve years he has been a member of the Galesburg school board and was 
 chairman of its finance committee. No public trust reposed in him has ever 
 been betrayed in the slightest degree and in public office he has done eflfective 
 work for progress and improvement. Wherever known he is held in high 
 regard and most of all where best known. The close attention which he has 
 given to his business affairs and the honorable and progressive methods which 
 he has followed have constituted the secret of his success, which has won him 
 to a prominent position in business circles among the men of affluence in this 
 county. 
 
 RICHARD AUSTIN LAWRENCE. 
 
 Richard Austin Lawrence was one of the early residents of Galesburg, 
 identified for a period with its mercantile interests although later he became 
 closely associated with agricultural activities in Knox county. He was born 
 in Littleton, Massachusetts. September 27. 1823, and is descended from New 
 England ancestry long represented in this country. His great-grandfather was 
 David Lawrence, also a native of Littleton, and in Massachusetts he married 
 Hannah Sawtell. of Groton. that state. Their son, David Lawrence. Jr.. the 
 grandfather of Richard A. Lawrence, was also born in Littleton and married 
 Martha Adams, a native of Lincoln, Massachusetts. They were the parents of 
 George Lawrence, likewise a native of Littleton, who on arriving at years 
 of maturity wedded Rebecca Merriam. who was born in Concord, ^Massachusetts, 
 and was a daughter of Joseph and Lucy (Wheeler) Merriam. Her father was 
 likewise a native of Concord as was his father. Joseph Merriam, so that in both 
 the paternal and maternal lines Richard A. Lawrence was descended from ances- 
 try long connected with New England. 
 
 In the acquirement of his education Richard Austin Lawrence attended the 
 public schools of his native town and continued his residence in Littleton until 
 thirty-two years of age. Careful consideration of the business situation in the 
 east as compared with the west led him to the belief that he would have better 
 and broader opportunities in the Mississippi valley and in 1855, therefore, he 
 left his home in Massachusetts and came to Knox county, Illinois. He had 
 previously been married, on the i6th of May, 1853, to Miss Edna Miller, and 
 it was two years later that they left New England for Galesburg. Here Mr. 
 Lawrence established a store which he conducted for a time, but later turned his 
 attention to farming which was more to his liking. In that business he won 
 substantial success and as his financial resources increased he acquired consid- 
 
:y;::. /;: HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY f'^^ 27 
 
 arable land west of the city, adding to his holdings from time to time and im- 
 proving the greater part of his property. He earned for himself the name of 
 being a thorough and successful agriculturist and did much to develop the 
 county along that line. Moreover, in his business affairs he was progressive 
 and determined and his success was the legitimate and merited reward of his 
 own labors. '-'"/' ''-:':-/- ':- - .' .''.'... '^'">- 
 
 Unto Mr. and Mrs. Lawrence there were born seven children of whom four 
 are yet living : George A., a resident of Galesburg ; Fannie E., who is the widow 
 of John G. Vivion and resides in Galesburg; Mrs. Anna M. Linn, of Emerson, 
 Iowa; and Bernard P., a resident of Seattle, Washington. '.'.'/. 
 
 In his political views Mr. Lawrence was a republican from the organization 
 of the party and always supported its men and measures yet did not seek nor 
 desire office for himself. He held membership in the First Baptist church and 
 his life was passed in harmony with his professions. He passed away on the 
 nth of August, 1905, in the eighty-second year of his age, and Knox county 
 thus lost not only one of its forceful residents but also a citizen of worth who 
 in every relation of life was found honorable and reliable. He did not seek 
 to figure prominently in public affairs but was ever faithful to his duties and 
 exemplified in his relations with his fellowmen his Christian belief. !-!. 
 
 ^. ''/-;;--;;'-;:.:;:?; FRANK L. ADAMS. -^- '. ' ". -.V'--- ':'.';' -^:'^ -/; 
 
 On the roster of county officials in Knox county appears the name of Frank 
 L. Adams, who is now filling the office of county clerk, in which connection he - 
 is making a creditable record by the prompt, capable and systematic manner in'.;'' 
 which he is meeting the duties that devolve upon him. Illinois numbers him - 
 among her native sons, his birth having occurred in Yates City, September 23, 
 1866. His grandfather, William L. Adams, was one of the pioneer settlers of , 
 this county, to which he removed when he left his native state of Ohio and ' ;' 
 sought a home in Illinois. To provide for his family he followed various pur- : 
 suits. His wife died soon after the removal to Knox county but William L. '' 
 Adams lived to an advanced age. In the family were three sons and two daugh- '; 
 ters: Wilson; John W. ; Henry; Jennie, the wife of Edward Phillips; and Anna, 
 living in Mulvane, Kansas. :?...;.:;:..;'.'.;:- '-vr.; : . :.-^{X if^ : :.;. -v 
 
 The first named, Wilson Adams, was born in Ohio and was but a young lad ^ 
 when his parents moved westward to Knox county, where he has since resided. 
 He was reared in Yates City and vicinity and there learned the harness maker's ' , 
 trade, which he followed as long as he was able to work. He has since lived '': . 
 retired in Yates City save for a period of five years spent in Galesburg. He 
 was a soldier for a time during the progress of the Civil war and engaged in 
 guard duty in Chicago. His political allegiance has always been given to the , 
 republican party, with which he has voted since age conferred upon him the . . 
 right of franchise. He wedded Jane Kerns, also a native of Ohio and a daugh- : 
 ter of Alexander Kerns, who was born in that state and made one of the first '^ : 
 settlements in Knox county, Illinois, building one of the earliest homes at Yates ' , 
 City. He followed the blacksmith's trade. Both he and his wife lived to an ?i. 
 
r.'/i;^; HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY -CrK^^^^^^^ 
 
 advanced age and passed away in this county. They had two daughters, Jane 
 and Emma, the latter now the widow of Stephen J. Johnson. The former be- 
 came the wife of Wilson Adams and the mother of two children, Frank L. 
 and Cora, but the latter died at the age of two years. 
 
 Frank L. Adams was reared in Yates City and always resided there until 
 1890, when he came to Galesburg. He had attended the public schools there 
 and after starting out in the business world had followed merchandising for a 
 number of years. His capability for public office was appreciated by M. O. 
 Williamson, who appointed him to the position of deputy county clerk, in which 
 capacity he served until 1901, when Mr. Williamson resigned to enter the office 
 of state treasurer. !Mr. Adams was then appointed to the vacant position by the 
 board of supervisors and in 1901 assumed the position, to which he was regu- 
 larly elected in the following April. For ten years he has now held this position, 
 his reelections coming to him as the unequivocal expression of the high regard 
 reposed in him and appreciation for the worth and fidelity that he has ever dis- 
 played in office. ' ; -> - .^' ; vi^r I' \' 
 
 Mr. Adams was married on the 7th of November, 1884, to Miss A^nie D. 
 Houser, a daughter of William H. and Sarah (Merchant) Houser. Mrs. Adams 
 was born in Yates City, her parents having become early settlers of Knox county. 
 Both died at Yates City, her father on the 3d of September, 1903, and her mother 
 in 1883. They had a family of five children: Mary and Martha, twins; Laura; 
 and Annie and Nellie, twins. Unto Mr. and Mrs. Adams have been born a 
 daughter, Emma Marie, who is a graduate of the Galesburg high school and is 
 now attending the Conservatory of Music at Knox College. ]' 
 
 Mr. Adams has always been a stanch advocate of the republican party since 
 age conferred upon him the right of franchise and for several years was chair- 
 man of the Knox county republican central committee, in which connection he 
 put forth earnest and effective effort to advance the growth and insure the suc- 
 cess of the party. He belongs to Galesburg Lodge, No. 894, B. P. O. E., and 
 also to the Galesburg Business Men's Club, being interested in the movement to 
 promote the business activity and enhance the welfare of the city. 
 
 , : JOHN M. NISLEY. - : 
 
 John M. Nisley, who for a quarter of a century or more as a banker of '.,;.:; 
 
 Knoxville has done much to sustain the financial stability of the county and by ,..;': 
 
 honorable and progressive methods has won for himself a position among the / . 
 
 representative citizens of this section, was born in Franklin county, Pennsyl- :;-;;;,': 
 
 vania, near Chambersburg, November 26, 1840. He was one of the nine chil- -'=... 
 dren of Joseph and Mary (Schwartz) Nisley, who were also natives of the 
 Keystone state. The paternal grandfather was of German descent and both 
 
 he and his wife spent their last days in Pennsylvania. Of their children two > ^ 
 came to Illinois Joseph and Herman, the latter settling in La Salle county, 
 where he died. The maternal grandfather of John M. Nisley was Daniel 
 
 Schwartz, a native of Franklin county, Pennsylvania, who devoted his life to . . 
 
 farming. With his wife, Mrs. Catharine Schwartz, he removed westward, be- :;;;;;! . 
 
V r> -:;':: 'HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY ; : 29 
 
 coming pioneers of Knox county, Illinois. They settled in Knoxvflle, Mr. 
 Schwartz purchasing a tract of land on section 31, Knox township, although they 
 
 ' lived in the village. Both he and his wife were more than eighty years of age 
 when they were called to their final rest. In their family were seven children, 
 Mary, Christian, Susanna, Daniel. Samuel, John and Catharine. 
 
 Joseph Nisley, father of John M. Nisley, was reared in Pennsylvania and, 
 being left an orphan when but nine years of age was bound out to learn the 
 
 . cabinetmaker's trade, his apprenticeship covering almost the remaining period of 
 his minority. He worked at the trade until the spring of 1843, when he sought 
 a home in the middle west, making his way to Knox county, Illinois, and taking 
 up his abode upon a farm on section 31, Knox township. With characteristic 
 energy he began to till the soil and transform the wild prairie into productive 
 fields. Year by year the work was carried on with success and he had wrought 
 a marked transformation in the appearance of the farm when on the 2d of Janu- 
 ary, 1860, he passed away, at about the age of sixty years. His wife long sur- 
 
 - vived him and died in 1894, at the age of eighty-five years. When in Pennsyl- 
 
 . vania they held membership in the German Reformed church but as there was 
 
 no organization of that denomination in this county Mr. Nisley afterward be- 
 
 . came a Lutheran, while his wife placed her membership in the Presbyterian 
 church. They were the parents of nine children of whom seven reached years 
 of maturity, namely: Daniel W. and Abraham, both now deceased; Elizabeth, 
 the deceased wife of Thomas Turney ; Samuel, who has passed away ; John M. ; 
 Mary, deceased, who was the wife of Orlando Case; and Ellen, the wife of 
 Thomas J. Scott, of Galesburg. 
 
 John M. Nisley has been continuously a resident of Knox county since 1843, 
 or for sixty-eight years. His youthful days were spent upon his father's farm 
 and his education was acquired in the district schools and in the Knoxville pub- 
 lic schools. When not busy with his text-books he worked in the fields and 
 gained practical experience in the best methods of tilling the soil, so that he was 
 well qualified to engage in fanning on his own account after he had attained his 
 majority. For twelve or fifteen years thereafter he cultivated the old home 
 farm as a renter and he later purchased it, but eventually disposed of the prop- 
 erty and came to Knoxville, where he lived retired for a time. Indolence and 
 idleness, however, are utterly foreign to his nature and. not content without 
 some occupation or business interest, he turned his attention to banking in 
 1885, opening a private bank, which he has since conducted, having now a well 
 appointed establishment on the south side of the square. Knowing that the 
 
 ' bank prospers most which most carefully safeguards the interests of its deposi- 
 tors, he has conducted his business upon a conservative basis and has made the 
 establishment one of the thoroughly reliable financial institutions of the county. 
 On the iQth of December, 1889, Mr. Nisley married Miss Kate C. Runkle, 
 of Peoria county, Illinois, where her birth occurred. Her parents, Mr. and Mrs. 
 John Runkle. were natives of the state of New York, but removed westward 
 when Peoria county was largely a frontier district. They became identified with 
 farming interests there and both passed away on the old homestead farm. Both 
 Mr. and Mrs. Nisley are widely and favorably known not only in Knoxville but 
 throughout the county, where they have a circle of friends almost coextensive 
 with the circle of their acquaintance. Mr. Nisley was made a Mason in 1882 
 
80 ;r;;: HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY :/ ;. " ^ 
 
 and has always been loyal to the teachings and tenets of the craft. His political 
 allegiance is given to the republican party and for two or three terms he has 
 been a member of the city council, in which connection he has exercised his 
 official prerogatives in support of various progressive public measures. His co- 
 operation can always be counted upon to further any project for the general 
 good and as a man and citizen he stands high in the community. His success, 
 indicates the wise use which he has made of his time and opportunities, for in 
 the careful management of his farming interests and of his banking activities 
 he has won substantial success and the most envious cannot grudge him his 
 prosperity, so worthily has it been gained. 
 
 . ;; CYRUS MINOR AVERY. : : ' 
 
 In the city of Galesburg, where many years of his life were passed, Cyrus 
 Minor Avery was widely known and his many attractive social qualities and 
 admirable characteristics gained for him the friendship and kindly regard of 
 all with whom he came into contact. He was one of Galesburg's native sons, 
 his birth having here occurred on the iQth of June, 1846, when the city was 
 but a small town and outlying districts of the state were largely undeveloped 
 and unimproved. His parents were George and Saraphena Princess Mary 
 (Phelps) Avery, both natives of the state of New York. The father was born 
 in New Lebanon and was a representative in the seventh generation of a family 
 that traces its ancestry back to Christopher Avery, the Hne coming down through 
 James, Thomas, Abraham, Nathan and William Thomas to George. As a 
 young man the last named came to the west, arriving in Galesburg in 1837. 
 Here he built the second house in what was then known as Log City. Later 
 the place of his abode now on West Main street came to be called the Avery 
 farm. There he followed general agricultural pursuits at a time when the most 
 foresighted could not have dreamed that his place would one day be near the 
 very heart of the enterprising city. The lady whom he afterward made his 
 wife came to the west with her brother and rhother, settling in Knoxville, where 
 they were married. For many years Mr. Avery continued to engage in general 
 farming but at length retired and took up his abode within the limits of Gales- 
 burg, living on North Cherry street. There the fruits of his former toil sup- 
 plied him with the necessities and comforts of life up to the time of his death, 
 which occurred on the ist of January, 1884. His wife also died at the Cherry 
 street home. They were members of the First Congregational church, in the 
 work qf which they took active and helpful part, Mr. Avery serving as deacon 
 for many years. His political indorsement was given to the republican party. 
 In the family were six children: Robert H., who died September 13, 1892; 
 Mary, the wife of W. R. Butcher, living at Roodhouse, Illinois ; John T., who 
 died August ii, 1905, at Galesburg; Cyrus M. ; Phoebe T., who is living in 
 Biloxi, Mississippi; and George, also of Biloxi. 
 
 Cyrus M. Avery was educated in the public schools of Galesburg and in 
 Knox College, where he completed his course with the class of 1868. He worked 
 with his father on the farm for a time and was early trained to habits of indus- 
 
30 . HISTORY OF KXOX COUNTY 
 
 and has always been loyal to the teachings and tenets of the craft. His political 
 allegiance is given to the republican party and for two or three terms he has 
 been a nic'iiiljcr of the city council, in which connection he has exercised his 
 official prerogatives in su])port of various ])n)gressivc |)ublic measures. His co- 
 operation can always be counted upon to further any project for the general 
 good and as a man and citixen lie stands high in the coninutnity. llis success, 
 indicates tlie wise use which he has made of his time and opportunities, for in 
 the careful management of his farming interests and of his banking activities 
 he has won substantial success and the most envious cannot grudge him his 
 prosperity, so wortliily has it been gained. 
 
 CYRUS :\1IXOR AX'ERY. 
 
 In the city of Cialesbiirg. where many years of his life were passed, Cyrus 
 Minor Avery was widely known and his many attractive social (|ualities and 
 admirable characteristics gained for Iiim the friendship and kindly regard of 
 all with wliom he came into contact. He was one of Ciales1)urg's native sons, 
 his l)irth having here occurred on the iQth of lune. 1846, when the city was 
 Init a small town and otttlying districts of the state were largely undeveloped 
 and unimproved. llis j)arents were (ieorge and Saraphena Princess Mary 
 (I'heli)s) Avery, both natives of the state of Xew ^'ork. Tlie father was born 
 in Xeu' Lel)anon and was a representative in the >eveiitli generation of a family 
 tliat traces its ancestry back to Christopher Avery, the line coming down tlirough 
 James. Thomas, Abraham, Xathan and William Thomas to George. As a 
 young man the last named came to the west, arriving in Galeslnirg in 1^37. 
 Here he built the second hotise in what was then known as Log City. I^ter 
 the place of his al)ode now on West Main street came to be called the Avery 
 farm. There he followed general agricultural pursuits at a time wlien the most 
 ff)resighted could not have dreamed that his \i\acc would one day be near the 
 very heart of the enterprising city. The lady whom he afterward made his 
 w'ife came to the west with her brother and mother, settling in Knoxville, where 
 they were married. For many years Mr. Avery continued to engage in general 
 fanning btit at length retired and took u]) Iiis abode within the limits of Gales- 
 btirg, living on X'orth Cherry street. There the fruits of his former toil sup- 
 ])lied him with the necessities and comforts of life up to tlie time of his death, 
 which occurred on the ist of January, 1X84. llis wife also died at the Cherry 
 >treet home. They were members of tlie First Congregational church, in the 
 work of which they took active and helpful part, Mr. Avery serving as deacon 
 for many years. His political in<lorsement was given to the republican party. 
 In the family were six children: Koljcrt II., who died Sejjtember 13, 1892: 
 Mary, the wife of W. R. lUitcher, living at Roodhouse, Illinois; John T., who 
 <lied August ii, T<>O5, at Galesburg: C'yrus M. ; I'hoel)e T.. who is living in 
 r.iloxi, Mississippi ; and George, also of Biloxi. 
 
 Cyrus M. Avery was educated in the i)iiblic schools of (j;ilesl)urg and in 
 Knox College, where he com])leted his course with the class of 1868. He worked 
 with his father on the farm for a time and was earlv trained to ha])its of indus- 
 
HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY 
 
 try and diligence. He afterward engaged in the manufacturing business and 
 made for himself a creditable position in trade circles in his native city. E^rly 
 in the '705 he joined his brother, Robert Hanneman Avery, in the establishment 
 of a plant for the manufacture of agricultural implements in Galesburg. The 
 brother had been a soldier in the Civil war, was captured and was held as a 
 prisoner at Andersonville, where he spent many otherwise idle hours in drawing 
 in the sand of the prison yard designs of agricultural implements which he be- 
 gan to make soon after his release, the first being a stalk cutter and a corn 
 planter. When the plans of the brothers were perfected for the conduct of an 
 agricultural implement manufactory, they began business under the style of 
 R. H. & C. M. Avery, operating their plant at Galesburg until 1882, when they 
 went to Peoria and made arrangements for removing their factory to the latter 
 city. There the enterprise was developed into a very large corporation known 
 as the Avery Company. In 1883, after the removal of the business to Peoria, 
 the Avery Planter Company was organized with a capital of two hundred thou- 
 sand dollars. Ten years later the authorized capital was increased to three 
 hundred thousand dollars, and in 1900 the name was changed to the Avery 
 Manufacturing Company, at which time the capital stock was increased to one 
 million dollars. The business continued to grow and is now capitalized for two 
 million, five hundred thousand dollars. The plant is one of the most extensive 
 and prominent productive industries of Peoria, with business connections that 
 reach out to all parts of the world. C. M. Avery continued active in the man- 
 agement and control of the interests at Peoria until 1902, when he returned to 
 his native city and erected here a large, comfortable and attractive modern resi- 
 dence. The remainder of his life, was divided between the two cities of Gales- 
 burg and Peoria, although he regarded the former as his home. 
 
 It was here on the 4th of October, 1877, that Mr. Avery was united in mar- 
 riage to Miss Minnie Evalena Bartholomew, who was born at Elmwood, Illinois, 
 February 25, 1856, and is a daughter of Luzerne and Sarah Elvira (Payne) 
 Bartholomew. They became the parents of five children : Elvira Princess, 
 born September 25, 1878; George Luzerne, September 12, 1879; Grace Ophelia, 
 October 8, 1883; Harriette, June 20, 1886; and Cyrus Minor, May 29, 1899. 
 The first two were bom in Galesburg, the last three in Peoria. George Luzerne 
 Avery is still connected with the Avery Company as its secretary. The enter- 
 prise is now a business of mammoth proportions and includes the manufacture 
 of agricultural implements, farm wagons, engines, threshers, engine gang plows, 
 gas tractors and city and farm trucks. While the factory and main office are 
 at Peoria, branch houses are maintained at Omaha, Nebraska ; Des Moines, 
 Iowa ; Minneapolis, Minnesota ; Fargo, North Dakota ; Billings, Montana ; Kan- 
 sas City, Missouri ; Indianaf>olis, Indiana ; St. Louis, Missouri ; Grand Forks, 
 North Dakota; Sioux Falls, South Laknta; and Aberdeen, South Dakota. 
 
 The family circle was broken by death, when on the I5th of September, 1905, 
 in Galesburg, Cyrus M. Avery passed away. His life record has been a credit 
 and honor to the city which had ever honored and respected him. His business 
 career was notable by reason of its successful achievement and the extent of 
 the concern which was develop'^d through the enterprise and under the able 
 direction of himself and brother. He seemed to possess a facult)' for devising 
 and executing the right thing at the right time and this was joined to every day 
 
HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY 
 
 common sense. He seemed easily to discriminate between the essential and the 
 non-essential, to see the possibility for the coordination of forces and to use 
 each opportunity to the best advantage. Method and system were ever features 
 of the business, together with the employment of skilled and expert workmen. 
 In matters of judgment Mr. Avery was seldom if ever at fault and what he 
 accomplished represented the fit utilization of the innate powers and talents which 
 were his. As prosperity came to him he continually reached out a helping hand 
 to those less fortunate and his benevolence was manifest in generous support 
 of many worthy public projects and charities. Something of his position in 
 the city of his birth is indicated in the fact that at his demise the year book of 
 Knox College for 1907 bore the following inscription: 
 
 : /^ "To the memory of ^ . : ' / 
 
 :.; - Cyrus Minor Avery, -..'':' 
 
 honored alumnus, valued trustee, successful 
 
 . business man, upright and influential citizen; .-. 
 
 . . whose singular nobility of character, loyal 
 
 ' friendship and warm-hearted, open-handed 
 
 /; generosity, his Alma Mater holds in grateful ' 
 
 and loving esteem, : ;' 
 
 '. This book is Dedicated." ./' ^ . 
 
 '- .;-*' .-..'' ' '-.'''"'*-*'. 
 
 This pictured forth the feeling entertained for him not only in Galesburg, 
 and in Peoria, but wherever he was known and no higher testimonial of his char- 
 acter could be given than the fact that he was most honored where best known. 
 
 FREDERICK REUBEN JELLIFF. 
 
 Frederick Reuben Jelliflf, editor of the Republican-Register, of Galesburg, is 
 the son of Fletcher Gould and Mary (Wilcox) Jelliff and was born in Whites- 
 boro. New York, September 25, 1854. His father was the son of Mr. and Mrs. 
 Hezekiah JellifF and was born on Long Island, Connecticut, June i6, 1823. 
 Coming to Knox county, he served as mayor of Oneida in 1869 and his last 
 years were passed in Galesburg, where he died September i8, 1902. The mother 
 of Frederick R. Jelliff bore the maiden name of Marv White Wilcox and was 
 born in Whitesboro, New York, March 21, 1824, being descended from a dis- 
 tinguished New England family that came from England not long after the 
 arrival of the Mayflower. She was married to Mr. JellifF, May 14, 1846, and 
 unto them were born nine children : Laura, who died in childhood ; Helen E., 
 the wife of J. Warren Spera, of Piper City, Illinois ; William T., of Galva, this 
 state; Charles F., of Galesburg; Frederick R. ; Franklin G., living in Leaven- 
 worth, Kansas; Mary W., of Galesburg, who is the widow of Frank Stilson; 
 Louisa C., the wife of W. J. Johnston, of Galesburg; and Lincoln H., of Spring 
 Coulee, Alberta, Canada. The mother died November 26, 1903. 
 
 It was in 1858 that the family removed from Whitesboro, New York, to 
 Oneida, Illinois, where Frederick R. Jelliff spent his boyhood and attended the 
 
HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY - ; / " ; 35 
 
 city schools. In 1871 he entered the preparatory department of Knox College 'i 
 and was graduated with honors in 1878. During three winter seasons, while V 
 a college student, he taught school in the Dunlap district, northeast of Gales- > 
 burg, meanwhile keeping up with his classes as far as possible by private study. 
 In the fall following his graduation he accepted a position in the Galesburg 
 high school and for three years was teacher of the first year's work in that in- 
 stitution. He next became local editor of the Republican-Register, with which 
 he has since been associated. At the time he began reporting, Zaccheus Beatty '- 
 was the editor and Samuel W. Grubb was business manager. Mr. Beatty died 
 in 1896, but for some time prior to his death, owing to his frequent attacks of 
 illness, Mr. Jelliff did the editorial work on the paper in addition to having 
 oversight of the news department. He served as acting editor from the time . . 
 of Mr. Beatty's death until he acquired an interest in the paper four or five; 
 years later and was then appointed editor, in which capacity he has since served, y 
 He has seen the paper develop from a small sheet containing no telegraphic . 
 news and having a daily circulation of but a few hundred, to one carrying the 
 full telegraphic news of the day, covering the local field comprehensively and . 
 the field within forty miles of Galesburg to a remarkable extent and having a ' . 
 circulation of thousands. During all this time he has faithfully tried to do his . 
 part to contribute to this growth. Since he became reporter both of the men . 
 who then so ably conducted the affairs of the Republican-Register have passed 
 away, Mr. Grubb dying several years ago. The present secretary-treasurer of ' ' 
 the paper, O. N. Custer, began as a solicitor under the old management and - 
 worked his way up to his present position, while George A. Perry, the efficient * 
 business manager, joined the paper on the retirement of Mr. Grubb. : 
 
 In addition to his work on the Republican-Register Mr. Jelliff has been in- 5 
 terested in lines of work having for their object the moral progress of the city : 
 and its material development. He was a member of the legislative council of > 
 the anti-saloon league, under whose direction the town went dry twice before 
 the local option law was passed and in the two campaigns under that law, in ; 
 1908 and 1910, had a share in directing the battle for the "dries." In his edi- 
 torial expressions he has been consistent in his support for a clean and whole- 
 some city and for honesty and efficiency in the administration of public affairs. 
 In the Galesburg Public Improvement Association and the Galesburg Historical 
 Society he has served as chairman of the program committees for several years. 
 He has also been a member of the Galesburg Hospital Board from the time of 
 its foundation and during most of this period has been the chairman of the 
 committee on accounts and at present is also a member of the administrative 
 committee. While Richard Yates was governor of Illinois he appointed Mr. 
 Jelliff a member of the Western Illinois State Normal School at Macomb and 
 he has for ten years been a member of that board, serving some of the time as 
 its secretary, Mr. Jelliff is a member of the Central Congregational church. 
 For several terms he was president of the men's league of the church and he 
 has been a member of the Young Men's Christian Association from the time 
 he aided in its organization to the present. He was one of the organizers, with 
 Dr. John H. Finley, now president of the Collie of the City of New York, of 
 the Sunset Gub and during much of the time of its existence its secretary. A 
 lover of nature, Mr. Jelliff has for years made a study of the geok>^ of the 
 
34 
 
 HISTORY OF KNOX 'COUNTY 
 
 common sense. He seemed easily to discriminate between the essential and the 
 non-essential, to see the possibility for the coordination of forces and to use 
 each opportunity to the best advantage. Method and system were ever features 
 of the business, together with the employment of skilled and expert workmen. 
 In matters of judgement Mr. Avery was seldom if ever at fault and what he 
 accomplished represented the fit utilization of the innate powers and talents which 
 were his. As prosperity came to him he continually reached out a helping hand 
 to those less fortunate and his benevolence was manifest in generous support 
 of many worthy public projects and charities. Something of his position in 
 the city of his birth is indicated in the fact that at his demise the year book of 
 Knox College for 1907 bore the following inscription: ;-..,.; 
 
 ./.':'' "To the memory of ;-'_ - 
 
 .;;!. . Cyrus Minor Avery, . . : 
 
 ::;, honored alumnus, valued trustee, successful 
 
 ; 1 V' business man, upright and influential citizen; ,: ; 
 
 ' ; ;\ whose singular nobility of character, loyal . . 
 
 . ' .'-.;-.: friendship and warm-hearted, open-handed ; . ;' 
 
 . . generosity, his Alma Mater holds in grateful ; ... 
 
 . ..X and loving esteem, ' .' 
 
 This book is Dedicated." 
 
 This pictured forth the feeling entertained for him not only in Galesburg, 
 and in Peoria, but wherever he was known and no higher testimonial of his char- 
 acter could be given than the fact that he was most honored where best known. 
 
 FREDERICK REUBEN JELLIFF. 
 
 Frederick Reuben Jelliff, editor of the Republican-Register, of Galesburg, is 
 the son of Fletcher Gould and Mary (Wilcox) Jelliff and was born in Whites- 
 boro. New York, September 25, 1854. His father was the son of Mr. and Mrs. 
 Hezekiah Jelliff and was born on Long Island, Connecticut, June i6, 1823. 
 Coming to Knox county, he served as mayor of Oneida in 1869 and his last 
 years were passed in Galesburg, where he died September i8, 1902. The mother 
 of Frederick R. Jelliff bore the maiden name of Marv White Wilcox and was 
 born in Whitesboro, New York, March 21, 1824, being descended from a dis- 
 tinguished New England family that came from England not long after the 
 arrival of the Mayflower. She was married to Mr. Jelliff, May 14, 1846, and 
 unto them were born nine children : Laura, who died in childhood ; Helen E., 
 the wife of J. Warren Spera, of Piper City, Illinois ; William T., of Galva, this 
 state; Charles F., of Galesburg; Frederick R. ; Franklin G., living in Leaven- 
 worth, Kansas; Mary W., of Galesburg, who is the widow of Frank Stilson; 
 Louisa C., the wife of W. J. Johnston, of Galesburg; and Lincoln H., of Spring 
 Coulee, Alberta, Canada. The mother died November 26, 1903. 
 
 It was in 1858 that the family removed from Whitesboro, New York, to 
 Oneida, Illinois, where Frederick R. Jelliff spent his boyhood and attended the 
 
";:;-v^: :::,;;. : HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY , ' v^-';: ^: 
 
 city schools. In 1871 he entered the preparatory department of Knox CoUcfe 
 and was graduated with honors in 1878. During three winter seasons, while 
 a college student, he taught school in the Dunlap district, northeast of Gales- 
 hurg, meanwhile keeping up with his classes as far as possible by private study. 
 In the fall following his graduation he accepted a position in the Galesburg 
 high school and for three years was teacher of the first year's work in that in- 
 stitution. He next became local editor of the Republican-Register, with which 
 he has since been associated. At the time he began reporting, Zaccheus Beatty 
 was the editor and Samuel W. Grubb was business manager. Mr. Beatty died 
 in 1896, but for some time prior to his death, owing to his frequent attacks of 
 illness, Mr. Jelliff did the editorial work on the paper in addition to having 
 oversight of the news department. He served as acting editor from the time 
 of Mr. Beatty's death until he acquired an interest in the paper four or five 
 years later and was then appointed editor, in which capacity he has since served. 
 He has seen the paper develop from a small sheet containing no telegraphic 
 news and having a daily circulation of but a few hundred, to one carrying the 
 full telegraphic news of the day, covering the local field comprehensively and 
 the field within forty miles of Galesburg to a remarkable extent and having a 
 circulation of thousands. During all this time he has faithfully tried to do his 
 part to contribute to this growth. Since he became reporter both of the men 
 who then so ably conducted the affairs of the Republican-Register have passed 
 away, Mr. Grubb dying several years ago. The present secretary-treasurer of 
 the paper, O. N. Custer, began as a solicitor under the old management and 
 worked his way up to his present position, while George A. Perry, the efficient 
 business manager, joined the paper on the retirement of Mr. Grubb. 
 
 In addition to his work on the Republican-Register Mr. Jelliff has been in- 
 terested in lines of work having for their object the moral progress of the city 
 and its material development. He was a member of the legislative council of 
 the anti-saloon league, under whose direction the town went dry twice before 
 the local option law was passed and in the two campaigns under that law, in 
 1908 and 1910, had a share in directing the battle for the "dries." In his edi- 
 torial expressions he has been consistent in his support for a clean and whole- 
 some city and for honesty and efficiency in the administration of public affairs. 
 In the Galesburg Public Improvement Association and the Galesburg Historical 
 Society he has served as chairman of the program committees for several years. 
 He has also been a member of the Galesburg Hospital Board from the time of 
 its foundation and during most of this period has been the chairman of the 
 committee on accounts and at present is also a member of the administrative 
 committee. While Richard Yates was governor of Illinois he appointed Mr. 
 JelliflF a member of the Western Illinois State Normal School at Macomb and 
 he has for ten years been a member of that board, serving some of the time as 
 its secretary. Mr. Jelliff is a member of the Central Congregational church. 
 For several terms he was president of the men's league of the church and he 
 has been a member of the Young Men's Christian Association from the time 
 he aided in its organization to the present. He was one of the organizers, with 
 Dr. John H. Finley, now president of the Collie of the City of New York, of 
 the Sunset Qub and during much of the time of its existence its secretary. A 
 lover of nature, Mr. JellifJ has for years made a study of the geology of the 
 
HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY ;. ;! K;' . 
 
 county and has contributed several papers on this subject to teachers' institutes 
 and local societies. His geological collection is extensive and covers a wide 
 range of the country. 
 
 On the 25th of February, 1897, Mr. Jelliff was united in marriage to Miss 
 Lillie C. Bassler, who was born December ii, 1860, to John and Mary (Kern) 
 Bassler, in Galesburg, which place has always been her home with the exception 
 of three years, from the spring of 1874 until the spring of 1877, when the 
 family lived in Burlington, Iowa. During that period she was a student in the 
 Burlington high school. On returning to Galesburg she entered Knox College, 
 from which she was graduated with honor in i88i. While in college she won 
 two prizes, a first and second, in declamation, and her talent in this direction 
 was afterward freely given to the public at social gatherings and in the temper- 
 ance work in which she has always been deeply interested. For nine years after 
 her graduation she taught in the public schools of Galesburg and then, wishing 
 to make further advancement in her favorite pursuit, she took a two years' 
 course in the Boston School of Oratory under Moses True Brown, from which 
 institution she received a diploma in 1892. Subsequently her work of teaching 
 was confined more closely to expression, which she taught privately, also in the 
 Galesburg high school, in the Waco (Texas) Female College and in the Oswego 
 (Kansas) Ladies' College. Many of her pupils have taken silver, gold and grand 
 gold medals in the Demorest temperance contests ; one received a diamond medal 
 and another tied for the same honor. Her services as judge on declamatory and 
 oratorical contests have been repeatedly sought and rendered. Soon after her 
 marriage in 1897 she became a member of the Tourist Club, which she has served 
 as secretary and president. A member of the Central Congregational church, 
 she has always been active in its Aid Society, which she also served as presi- 
 dent. For one year she was vice president of the Free Kindergarten Associa- 
 tion and two of the most successful tag days ever held were due in considerable 
 measure to her efforts. She also took an active part in two successful cam- 
 paigns for a dry town and she has twice served on the committee of inspection 
 for the Municipal Improvement Association and also on other important com- 
 mittees. A member of the Woman's Christian Temperance Union, her activity 
 in its regular work has only been limited by her other obligations. The duties 
 connected with her own home were always placed first by her. The only child 
 born to Mr. and Mrs. Jelliff, Doretta Marie, died April 21, 1899, two days after 
 her birth. ;v , -.- -^ ..,.;. :x'^..^^ -. ..^.-;. ".... ^^ /-..' 
 
 ' 'i^-y :-. WILLIAM A. JORDAN. : 4" sv'- 
 
 It has been said when in the battle of life the city boy crosses swords with 
 a country lad the odds are against him. The early rising, the daily tasks and 
 the ecnomical habits of the country boy prepare him for the struggle that must 
 precede ascendancy. William A. Jordan is numbered among those who, reared 
 to farm life, have turned to the city for the business opportunities which they 
 sought, and in the utilization and improvement of advantages which have come 
 to him he has made steady advancement, bringing him at length to a most 
 

'.pV'--;.''';-'-^^ '.r--'"'-' HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY .; y::'v.^i^;V-:-;:;^ 
 
 creditable and enviable position in commercial circles of Galesburg, where he 
 is conducting an important enterprise as the senior member of the wholesale 
 grocery firm of the W. A. Jordan Company. He was born in Guernsey county, 
 .Ohio, June 19, 1863, a son of William N. and Margaret (Stevens) Jordan, who 
 were also natives of that state. The family, however, was founded in New 
 England at an early period in the colonization of the new world and Newton 
 Jordan, the grandfather, was a native of Massachusetts. He became a farmer, 
 utilizing that occupation in the support of his family. His wife died in early 
 womanhood, leaving five children, William N., Israel, Tain, Lewis and Rebecca. 
 The Stevens family is of Scotch lineage and the maternal grandparents of Mr. 
 Jordan were Reuben and Elizabeth Stevens. The former was born in Ohio, 
 where he died at the venerable age of ninety-four years, while his wife passed 
 away at the age of eighty-seven. Their children were Jane, Prissey, Margaret, 
 Ann, James, Addison and William. Of these Margaret became the wife of 
 William N. Jordan, and they began domestic life upon a farm in Ohio. Mr, 
 Jordan has been reared in that state and devoted much of his life to general 
 agricultural pursuits but had also learned the stone mason's trade, which he 
 followed in connection with farming. At the outbreak of the Civil war his 
 patriotic nature was aroused and he enlisted, serving for four years. He was 
 first a private in the infantry ranks and afterward became a cavalryman. When 
 the war was over he returned to his native state, where he followed farming and 
 also worked at the stone mason's trade until 1887, when he disposed of his 
 business interests there and removed to Grenola. Kansas, where he carried on 
 agricultural pursuits until 1905. In that year he retired from active business 
 life in possession of a handsome competence, which was the merited reward 
 of his labors. Removing to Kansas City, Missouri, he now lives there with his 
 daughter Mrs. Coleman. His wife died in January, 1892, at the age of fifty- 
 four years. She was a Baptist in religious faith in her younger days but after- 
 ward went with her husband and children to the Methodist church. The 
 family numbered beside our subject four sons and three daughters: Colonel 
 Ellsworth Jordan, of Galesburg ; Raymond, deceased ; James L., who is living 
 in Rollinsville, Colorado ; John H., a resident of Chanute. Kansas ; Renna, the 
 wife of John Crother, of Grenola, Kansas ; Lizzie, the wife of Ware Sprague, 
 of Chanute, Kansas ; and Margaret, the wife of C. L. Coleman, of Kansas 
 City, Missouri. -v ';" -:r,/;^^ .';;!': v^-,- '.; -' ^'.^. '''^^^.' .-.. 
 
 William A. Jordan spent his youthful days in Guernsey county, Ohio, re- 
 maining on his father's farm until he had attained his majority and early becom- 
 ing familiar with the duties and labors incident to the cultivation of the fields. 
 His education was acquired in the district and public schools and in 1884 he 
 came to Galesburg, where he entered the employ of Crocker & Robbins, grocers 
 of this city. He attended night school in Professor Barringer's Business Col- 
 lege. For seven years he remained with the firm of Crocker & Robbins a 
 fact which indicates his thorough reliability and worth and at the end of that 
 time he was admitted to a partnership, a stock company being organized with 
 a capital of ten thousand dollars. Mr. Jordan purchased a fifth interest in the 
 business and became manager, but at the end of three years he resigned that 
 position and in 1894 established his present business under the firm name of 
 W. A. Jordan Company. He is now the president, with F. S. Johnson as sec- 
 
40 HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY r'^; ' 
 
 retary and treasurer. The enterprise was established on a small scale and they 
 delivered goods with a cart. The next spring a second-hand delivery wagon 
 was purchased and the family horse was used for delivery purposes. Gradually, 
 however, the business has grown and its scope has been extended until the, 
 house now conducts a large wholesale trade in groceries and fruits, shipping 
 its goods to several states. Mr. Jordan is a man of resourceful business ability, ,. 
 who has not limited his efforts to one line, for he is now a director of the E. Z. 
 Trapp Manufacturing Company and is also financially interested in the Wag- 
 ner Printing Company of Galesburg and other business projects of this city 
 and in the Sun Tunnel, Milling & Transportation Company of Gilpin county,. 
 Colorado. 
 
 On the i8th of November, 1890, Mr. Jordan was married to Miss Molly 
 M. Elder, a daughter of William J. and Molly Elder, both of whom were na- 
 tives of Pennsylvania and are now residents of Galesburg. The father served 
 throughout the entire period of the Civil war as a defender of the Union cause. 
 In his family are three children who are yet living, Molly, Alto and William 
 J. Mrs. Jordan was born at Dry Run, Pennsylvania, and by her marriage has 
 become the mother of three sons, Qarence William, Cecil A. and Rayinond Elder. 
 Both Mr. and Mrs. Jordan hold membership in the Eirst Methodist Episcopal 
 church and he is serving as chairman of its board of trustees, while for sixteen 
 years he has been superintendent of its Sunday school. He is much interested 
 in all the departments of church work and by liberal contribution of his time 
 and means has done much to promote the growth of the church and extend its 
 influence. He became one of the early members of the Galesburg Club and 
 served on the building committee that erected the present handsome club- 
 house. He has attained success without allowing personal interests or ambition '.'' 
 to dwarf his public spirit or activities. His is the record of a strenuous life r 
 the record of a strong individuality, sure of itself, stable in purpose, quick in/; 
 perception, swift in decision, and energetic and persistent in action. 
 
 -;/> HON. ROBERT CLIEFORD RICE. J ; 
 
 Hon. Robert Clifford Rice, who since his admission to the bar has given his 
 undivided attention to the work of the courts, his ability as advocate and coun- 
 selor recommending him for election to the bench, is now serving as judge of 
 the county court of Knox county, to which he was chosen by popular suf- 
 frage in 1906 and again in 1910, so that he is now serving for the second term. 
 He was born in Berwick township. Warren county, Illinois, March 31, 1872, 
 one of the three children of Harvey and Laura (Walker) Rice. His paternal 
 grandfather was Rev. Robert Rice, a minister of the Christian church, who 
 also devoted a portion of his time to fanning. He became an early settler of 
 Warren county, Illinois, where he carried on agricultural pursuits and also 
 engaged in preaching the gospel as opportunity offered. His death resulted from 
 the effects of injuries sustained, while hauling lumber, in middle life. His wife, 
 who bore the maiden name of Mary Iden, survived him for many years and 
 passed away in Abingdon, Illinois, at the age of eighty-one years. They were 
 
;^,.. ;:-::f ' ''.;^y,:.,^ HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY ;;' v'^iz^v- v- .;-<!; 
 
 the parents of a number of children, including Harvey, Izora, William, Perry ^ 
 and several who died in infancy. The maternal grandfather of Judge Rice was 
 George Walker, who also made farming his life work. He wedded Sarah Hedges 
 and they became early residents of Warren county, where his attention was given 
 to the work of the fields until his labors were ended by death when he was in the 
 prime of life. His wife passed away when about sixty years of age. Their 
 family numbered six children, Laura, Bird, Dottie, May and two, who died in 
 infancy. 
 
 Harvey Rice, the father of Judge Rice, spent his youthful days in Indiana 
 and Illinois, coming to the latter state when yet a boy and reaching his majority .- 
 when a resident of Warren county. He early became familiar with all the duties 
 and labors that fall to the lot of the agriculturist and, after spending one year in 
 Nebraska, in early manhood returned to Warren county, where he followed 
 farming until his death. He was killed by lightning in 1875, when but twenty- . 
 nine years of age. In early manhood he had wedded Laura Walker, a native .;, 
 of this state, and the three children born unto them were : Carl, who died in in- >. 
 fancy ; Robert Clifford ; and Eva, now the deceased wife of George Messplay. V 
 Judge Rice is now the only survivor of his family, although his mother is still : 
 living in Monmouth, Illinois, with the judge's stepsister. He spent his youth on 
 the old homestead farm in his native county and through the summer months y. 
 aided in the work of the fields, while in the winter seasons he attended the country . 
 schools. Later he had the advantage of a course in the Abingdon Normal Col- 
 lege, from which he was graduated with the class of 1893. He afterward 
 engaged in teaching in the district schools for two terms and later worked at / 
 the printer's trade on the Enterprise-Herald, of Abingdon, for a year. While ' 
 thus engaged he devoted his evening hours to reading law under the direction - 
 of Judge Dennis Clark, who was judge of the county court for twenty-one years, v 
 In September, 1895, Mr. Rice came to Galesburg and entered the office of Thomp- 
 son & Shumway as a student, there continuing his reading until his admission to " 
 the bar in January, 1897. The following year he began practice in Galesburg as ; 
 a member of the law firm of Carney, Shumway & Rice, this association being, 
 maintained until Mr. Carney was elected mayor of the city. The two remain- 
 ing partners continued together until Mr. Shumway was chosen as the chief execu- ' 
 tive of the city, subsequent to which time Mr. Rice pra^iced alone with good- 
 success until 1906, when he was elected county judge. An excellent presence, 
 an earnest manner, marked strength of character, a thorough grasp of the law - 
 and the ability to accurately apply its principles made him an effective and suc- 
 cessful advocate and insured him equal rank with the distinguished men who 
 have presided over the county court. Public indorsement of the first term of v 
 service came to him in his reelection in 1910. His reported opinions indicate 
 his legal learning and superior ability and show a thorough mastery of the ques- 
 tions involved, together with an admirable terseness and clearness in the state- 
 ment of the principles upon which his opinions rest. 
 
 S On the I7th of April, 1901, Judge Rice was married to Miss Kathryn Greg- 
 ory, of Bowling Green, Indiana, a daughter of Robert and Elizabeth (Carr) ' 
 Gregory. Mrs. Rice was born in Bowling Green, Indiana, and her parents were ;' 
 also natives of that state. Her father, who served as a soldier of the Union army 
 m the Civil war, died in 1884, but her mother is still living and yet makes her .. 
 
42 HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY .,;,'-;.:- 
 
 home in Bowling Green. In their family were five children, Leota, Lena, Kath- 
 ryn. Bertha and Gertrude, the last two of whom are deceased. Judge and Mrs. 
 Rice have become the parents of a daughter, Dorothy. In his political views 
 Judge Rice has always been a republican, stanchly advocating the principles of 
 the party, yet never allowing his political preference to interfere in the slightest 
 degree with the discharge of his official duties. He holds membership in the 
 Christian church and his wife is a member of the Christian Science church. 
 Fraternally he is connected with Alpha Lodge, No. 155, A. F. & A. M. and also 
 with the Benevolent Protective Order of Elks. His entire life has been passed 
 in this section of the state, and in Galesburg, where he has now resided for six- 
 teen years, he has made many friends, who esteem him no less for the individ- 
 uality of a personal character which impresses itself upon the community than 
 for the superior ability he has displayed in the profession which he has chosen 
 as his life work. . .^ ; '.-,. 
 
 ;;::;' FREDERICK ZINA WIKOFF. ,. : :? 
 
 Frederick Zina WikoflF, a lifelong resident of Knox county, spending the 
 greater part of his years in Sparta township, represented one of the old pioneer 
 families here and his personal record was in harmony with that of an honored 
 and honorable ancestry. He ever followed the occupation of farming and by 
 reason of his practical methods and progressive spirit contributed much to the 
 general advancement along agricultural lines. He was born in Ontario, Illinois, 
 December 27, 1846, his parents being John and Cornelia (Crane) Wikoff. The 
 family originally bore the name of Van Wikoff and came of Dutch ancestry. 
 John Wikoff, father of Frederick Z. Wikoff, came from New Jersey to Illinois 
 in the fall of 1836, making the trip from Ohio on horseback. Knox county 
 was his destination and after arriving here he entered one hundred and forty 
 acres of land, situated on section 36, Rio township. It was just as it had come 
 from the hand of nature, not a furrow having been turned nor an improvement 
 made upon the place, but the soil was naturally rich and productive and responded 
 readily to the care ancj labor which he bestowed upon it. Year after year the 
 work of cultivation and improvement was carried forward until the farm became 
 one of the valuable properties of that section. Thereon Mr. and Mrs. Wikoff 
 resided for fifty-four years, celebrating their golden wedding there. In early 
 manhood he had married Cornelia Crane, a daughter of Zina Crane, who came 
 with his family to Knox county when Mrs. Wikoff was but fourteen years of age, 
 making the journey from the state of New York overland in wagons. She after- 
 ward engaged in teaching school in Henderson and always strove to cultivate a 
 love of learning among her children. She also proved a faithful companion 
 and helpmate to her husband, aiding and encouraging him throughout his busi- 
 ness career. The farm that John Wikoff secured on coming to Knox county is 
 still in possession of the family, being now occupied by a son of Frederick Z. 
 Wikoff. The old homestead is a beautiful place, having been improved by two 
 generations and always kept in excellent condition. John Wikoff was actively 
 interested in the public welfare and gave his aid and cooperation to many move- 
 
; ^;:: HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY ;: ^^ '-- - ; 
 
 ments for the general good. He was at one time supervisor of Rio township 
 and there he resided until his death, which occurred April 30, 1897, when he 
 was eighty-four years of age. Unto him and his wife were born five children : 
 Gertrude A., now the widow of Hiram Colby ; Frederick Z., of this review ; Har- 
 riet E., the wife of G. H. Pratt ; Carrie F., the wife of S. T. Howell ; and Mary 
 M., the wife of O. Oliver, now deceased. 
 
 Frederick Z. WikoflF spent his entire life in Knox county, being reared upon 
 the old homestead farm, where he was early trained to habits of industry, 
 economy and integrity. He acquired his education in Knox and Hedding Col- 
 leges and the intellectual development thus stimulated constituted a chief source 
 of his success. His entire life was devoted to general agricultural pursuits and 
 he became the owner of a fine farm in Knox county, in the cultivation of which 
 he was very successful, adding thereto many improvements. 
 
 On the i6th of September, 1874, Mr. Wikoff was united in marriage to Miss 
 Ida M. Conger, a daughter of John N. and Elizabeth (Wheeler) Conger. Her 
 grandfather, Uzziah Conger, came to Knox county, in 1838, and settled in Cherry 
 Grove. He married Hannah West and they lived to celebrate their golden wed- 
 ding. Their son, John N. Conger, was a native of New York and, having 
 arrived at years of maturity, wedded Elizabeth Wheeler, a native of Connecticut 
 and a daughter of Alvah and Jerusha (Stevens) Wheeler who on leaving New 
 England removed from Connecticut to Knoxville, Illinois, in 1838. Mr. Wheeler 
 was a carpenter by trade and assisted in building the first courthouse in Knox 
 county. It was their daughter Elizabeth who became the wife of John N. Con- 
 ger, who was one of the early settlers of the county and is mentioned elsewhere 
 in this volume. Their daughter Ida became the wife of Mr. WikoflF and to them 
 were born four children who are living: Winn C. ; Gem, who is now the wife of 
 W. B. Nelson ; John N. ; and Cornelia. They also lost a child. The death of Mr. 
 Wikoflf occurred March lo, 1905. when he was but fifty-eight years of age. He 
 had spent the greater part of his life in Sparta township and no one of the com- 
 munity was more widely known or more highly respected. His political allegiance 
 was given to the republican party and he was ever a public-spirited citizen, inter- 
 ested in the welfare and upbuilding of county, state and nation. He attended the 
 Baptist church and was ever a kindly and generous man, whose heart went out 
 in ready response to all who needed assistance, while his beneficent spirit was 
 manifest in many tangible ways. He did not seek to figure prominently in the 
 public life of the community, but his genuine personal worth gained him high 
 regard so that his death was deeply deplored not only by his immediate family, 
 among whom he was ever a devoted husband and father, but also by the many 
 friends whom he had won during his long residence in Knox county. ; ^ . ; . 
 
 JAMES D. O'CONNOR. 
 
 James D. O'Connor, engaged in a general contracting business in Galesburg, 
 his native city, was born January 31. 1872, a son of James and Margaret (Ryan) 
 O'Connor. The father was a native of Lebanon, New York, while the mother 
 was born in County Limerick, Ireland, whence she was brought to the United 
 
'' ' HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY ,; 
 
 ' . , ' - -'> ' "' 
 
 ' States by her parents when three years old. In his boyhood days James O'Con- 
 
 : nor came to Galesburg and in early manhood was here engaged in the livery busi- 
 
 ness, while later he figured prominently in real-estate circles, winning along 
 
 '. those lones the success that now enables him to live retired, his home being at No. 
 
 173 West Main street. He is an independent voter, standing for progress and 
 
 S improvement rather than for partisanship, and his fellow townsmen, apprecia- 
 
 ', tive of his worth and ability, several times elected him to represent the second 
 
 ;. ward as alderman. He was also a member of the board of appraisers. He 
 
 .. belongs to the Catholic church and is a member of the Knights of Columbus, 
 
 -'.. the Benevolent Protective Order of Elks and the Galesburg Club, His wife died 
 
 : in November, 1904. In the family were six children : Martin, who is a resident 
 
 of Galesburg, Illinois; Mary, deceased; James D., of this review; Lillian, the 
 
 . wife of C. H. Nold, of St. Joseph, Missouri ; Alice, the wife of W. C. Johnson, 
 
 of Galesburg; and Fred, who has passed away. > - 1 
 
 In St. Joseph's Academy James D. O'Connor pursued his early education"! 
 
 and afterward attended Notre Dame University of South Bend, Indiana. 
 
 Throughout the entire period of his connection with business affairs he has 
 
 : engaged in general contracting, putting in a large portion of the sewers of this 
 
 ; city and doing much other public work which has placed him in a substantial 
 
 position among the industrious, enterprising and successful business men of 
 
 the city. He has ever realized that energy is the basis of business advancement 
 
 and has diligently and persistently prosecuted his work so that substantial re- 
 
 r, suits have been achieved. 
 
 On the 28th of October, 1897, Mr. O'Connor was married in this city to 
 Miss Louisa Hurley, a daughter of John and Sarah Hurley, of Galesburg. They 
 now have two children: Ruth, whose natal day was October 22, 1898; and Fred, 
 whose birth occurred on the iQth of November, 1899. Both were born in 
 Galesburg. The parents are communicants of the Catholic church and in poli- 
 tics Mr. O'Connor has followed in his father's footsteps, maintaining an inde- 
 pendent position, supporting such measures as he deems effective forces in 
 good government and such candidates as he believes will prove loyal to the 
 public trust. He has himself served as alderman from the first ward during the 
 past four years and exercises his official prerogatives in support of many pro- 
 gressive movements for the general good. 
 
 ;;;^j; JAMES H. ROUNDTREE. - v 
 
 James H. Roundtree is a retired farmer living at No. 860 North Cedar street, 
 in Galesburg. He has made his home in the city since 1892, previous to which 
 time he was closely associated with general agricultural pursuits and is still the 
 owner of a valuable farm of one hundred and ninety-six acres from which he 
 derives a substantial annual income. He was born at Old Henderson, in this 
 county, December lo, 1836, and is a son of John D. and Docia (Fuqua) Round- 
 tree, both of whom were natives of Virginia. The former was a son of Dudley 
 Roundtree, who was bom in the Old Dominion and became an early settler of 
 Hart county, Kentucky, where he died when well advanced in years. He was 
 
44 . HISTORY OF KXOX COUNTY . 
 
 States by her parents when three years old. In his boyhood days James O'Con- 
 nor came to Galesburg and in early manhood was here engaged in the livery busi- 
 ness, while later he figured prominently in real-estate circles, winning along 
 those lones the success that now enables him to live retired, his home being at No. 
 173 West Main street. He is an independent voter, standing for progress and 
 improvement rather than for partisanship, and his fellow townsmen, apprecia- 
 tive of his worth and ability, several times elected him to represent the second 
 ward as alderman. He was also a member of the board of appraisers. He 
 belongs to the Catholic church and is a member of the Knights of Columbus, 
 the Benevolent Protective Order of Elks and the Galesburg Club. His wife died 
 in November, 1904. In the family were si.x children : Martin, who is a resident 
 of Galesburg, Illinois; Mary, deceased: James D., of this review: Lillian, the 
 wife of C. H. Nold, of St. Joseph, Missouri: Alice, the wife of W. C. Johnson, 
 of Galesburg: and Fred, who has passed away. ] 
 
 In St. Joseph's Academy James D. O'Connor pursued his early education', 
 and afterward attended Notre Dame University of South Bend, Indiana. 
 Throughout the entire period of his connection with business affairs he has 
 engaged in general contracting, putting in a large portion of the sewers of this 
 city and doing much other public work which has i)laced him in a substantial 
 position among the industrious, enterprising and successful business men of 
 the city. He has ever realized that energ}- is the basis of business advancement 
 and has diligently and persistently prosecuted his work so that substantial re- 
 sults have been achieved. 
 
 On the 28th of October, 1897, Mr. O'Connor was married in this city to 
 Miss Louisa Hurley, a daughter of John and Sarah Hurley, of Galesburg. They 
 now have two children : Ruth, whose natal day was October 22, 1898 : and Fred, 
 whose birth occurred on the iQth of November, 1899. Both were born in 
 Galesburg. The parents are communicants of the Catholic church and in poli- 
 tics Mr. O'Connor has followed in his father's footsteps, maintaining an inde- 
 pendent position, supporting such measures as he deems effective forces in 
 good government and such candidates as he believes will prove loyal to the 
 public trust. He has himself served as alderman from the first ward during the 
 past four years and exercises his official prerogatives in support of many pro- 
 gressive movements for the general good. 
 
 JAMFS H. ROUNDTREF. 
 
 James H. Roundtree is a retired farmer living at No. 860 North Cedar street, 
 in Galesburg. He has made his home in the city since 1892, previous to which 
 time he was clo.sely associated with general agricultural pursuits and is still the 
 owner of a valuable farm of one hundred and ninety-six acres from which he 
 derives a substantial annual income. He was l)orn at Old Henderson, in this 
 county, December lo, 1836, and is a son of John D. and Docia (Fuqua) Round- 
 tree, both of whom were natives of \'irginia. The former was a son of Dudley 
 Roundtree, who was bom in the Old Dominion and became an early settler of 
 Hart county, Kentucky, where he died when well advanced in years. He was 
 
%. 
 
 
 . ? 
 
7 :';{;; :V : ; HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY:; ' - . . 
 
 blind for twenty years before he died. Unto him and his wife were born four 
 sons Turner, John D., Charles and Dudley. The maternal jjrandfather of 
 [ames Roundtree was James Fuqua, a native of Virginia and a farmer by 
 occupation. He died in Kentucky but the mother came to Knox county, Illinois, 
 in 1830, settling near Old Henderson, and there died when about eighty years 
 of age. They were the parents of six daughters and three sons, Daniel,:;. 
 Obadiah, John, Docia, Martha, Mary, Jane, Narcissus and Jeremiah. 
 
 Both of the parents of James H. Roundtree on leaving Virginia became resi- ,-^ 
 dents of Hart county, Kentucky, and in 1830 came to Knox county, Illinois, 
 settling near Old Henderson, in Henderson township. The father purchased land 
 warrants of the soldiers, who had served in the war of 1812. The Indians were 
 then numerous here, for the Black Hawk war had not yet occurred and the red 
 men had not learned that their white- faced orothers were the stronger in an / 
 effort to claim the country and convert it to the uses of civilization. When : 
 the Indians became troublesome and, in fact, were a menace to life in this state : 
 John D. Roundtree joined with the volunteer soldiers for service in the Black 
 Hawk war and after his death his wife drew a pension of about six or eight 
 dollars a month. He purchased one hundred and sixty acres of land and later 
 another one hundred and twenty acres, all of which he improved and thereon ;r,'i 
 reared his family. He was born in i8cx3 and died about 1851. His wife after- 
 ward removed to Marshall county, Kansas, settling near Frankfort, and died 
 about 1896 at a very advanced age, lacking but three weeks of being ninety- four {.- 
 years. In their family were twelve children, of whom five are now living: v ; 
 Betsy, the widow of Robert Osborn, living at Frankfort, Kansas; Dudley, of ''- 
 Oldsburg, Pottawatomie county, Kansas ; James H., of this review ; Narcissus, -. 
 the wife of Lathan Howe, of Old Henderson; and William, of Paradise, Kansas. ;; 
 
 James H. Roundtree spent his youthful days in this county and is the oldest '-i'-' 
 continuous resident here with the exception of Harvey Montgomery, having 
 spent seventy-five years in this county. He was reared upon his father's farm --^ 
 and attended one of the old-time subscription schools. He was only thirteen . 
 years of age at the time of his father's death and upon him devolved the ; 
 responsibility of managing and operating the farm. As time passed on, he J 
 purchased parts of the old homestead until he eventually became the owner 
 of the greater part which, however, he afterward sold. He next purchased 
 a farm of sixty-six acres near Wataga, and traded with his father-in-law for :\ 
 another farm. This he in time sold and removed to Wataga, where he resided 
 until 1892, when he went to Galesburg and in the following year erected his .- 
 present residence, where he and his wife have since resided, enjoying a well , 
 earned rest there. He now owns a farm of one hundred and ninety-six acres in '- . 
 Sparta township and this returns to him a good income. This farm once sold 
 for fifteen dollars an acre but is now worth two hundred and twenty-five dollars. 
 While devoting his energies to agricultural pursuits, his time and endeavors were 
 so well employed that he derived therefrom the merited reward of earnest, per- ' 
 sistent labor and thus accumulated a handsome competence that now supplies 
 him with all of the comforts and many of the luxuries of life. :; . ^.' ." ; 
 
 On the iQth of December, i86i, Mr. Roundtree was married to Miss Nancy _ 
 Ann Duval, who was born in Henderson township, this county. May ig, 1844, 
 a daughter of Thomas and Nancy (Shumate) Duval, who came from Kentucky 
 
 ^o- n-8 ^i .-. -...-...:.; . -. :i_ ...<;,.;.. . . -.; - .:.^.:-. -' 
 
,'V 
 
 Jr , 
 
 48 HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY '; 
 
 to Illinois about 1831, settling first near Monmouth and later removing to Hen-" 
 derson township, where Mrs. Roundtree grew to womanhood. Her father died 
 September 29, 1891, at the age of eighty-two years and her mother passed away ; 
 
 in 1888, when eighty years of age. They were the parents of ten children, of 
 whom four are living, Mary, Helen, Martha and Nancy Ann. Mr. and Mrs. -fU 
 Roundtree were married in the old courthouse in Knoxville. They have no chil- ;.-;. 
 dren of their own but adopted a daughter, Lillian May, whom they reared from-; . - - 
 the age of three weeks. She is now the wife of Frank S. Card, and they resided 
 for a while in I>enver, Colorado, whence they lately removed to Riverside county, ''J . - 
 California. ' :,: 
 
 It was on the i9th of December, 1911, that James and Nancy. Ann Roundtree ':- J: 
 could look back upon fifty years of life companionship and celebrated their golden ";/'". 
 wedding at their home. No. 860 North Cedar street, Galesburg, at which time v 
 they received many beautiful gifts and the good wishes of a host of devoted :'' 
 
 friends. -, 
 
 .: Mr. and Mrs. Roundtree are members of the Christian church and his politi- ,;-. 
 cal support is given to the democratic party. It is most interesting to converse ' 
 with this worthy couple and hear their reminiscences concerning Knox county 
 in its pioneer period. He is acquainted with all the events of importance which : ;/: ' 
 have left their impress upon the history of the county and has been a witness ''...',. 
 of many of these. He has participated in the agricultural development of the: "; 
 county and has seen its transformation from a wild and sparsely settled district ; 
 into one of the most populous and prosperous portions of the state. He can re- i; ' 
 member the time when many of the homes were log cabins with their great fire- ' . 
 places and their tallow candles; when much of the farm work was done by hand 
 according to methods that had been in vogue for centuries. He has lived to see \ 
 marked changes in the methods of farming as the cultivator, the reaper, the rid- .' ' 
 ing plow, the harvester and the thresher have been introduced, relieving man :, f 
 of the most trying and arduous work of the fields. In his own farming methods :::';. 
 he kept pace with the general progress and his success came as the merited 
 reward of his labor. No history of Knox county would be complete without the 
 sketch of James H. Roundtree who, as previously stated, is with two exceptions 
 the oldest continuous resident of this locality. ;; ,.. -' ; ; .. ;.i > ; 
 
 ; FRANK E. WILSON. ; 
 
 The record of Frank E. Wilson is that of an enterprising, reliable business 
 man who has ever recognized the fact that industry and close application are in- 
 dispensable forces of success and has, therefore, used them in attaining his pres- 
 ent position in financial circles. He is president of the Knox County State Bank 
 of Knoxville, in which connection he is conducting a business Si considerable 
 extent and importance, the bank being situated in the midst of a rich agricultural 
 region. Mr. Wilson is widely known because of his long residence here, his 
 birth having occurred in Truro township, Knox county, January 12, 1868. He 
 was the third in order of birth in a family of four children, whose parents, John 
 and Mary (King) Wilson, were natives of Westmoreland county, Virginia, 
 
^ '^\.' .'.:;. ^ HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY ; - :V 
 
 and of Ohio respectively. The former was a son of Jacob and Jane (Calhoun) 
 Wilson, both natives of Virginia, the latter having been a cousin of John C. Cal- 
 houn, the distinguished statesman. They had five children, John, Solomon, Wil- 
 liam, Jacob and Jane. The maternal grandfather of Frank E. Wilson was an 
 Ohio farmer, who with his family removed westward to Knox county, Illinois, 
 making the journey overland with an ox team. They settled in the eastern part 
 of Knox county among its pioneer citizens and took active and helpful part in 
 the work of later development and improvement, both dying there when welJ 
 advanced in years. They had a large family, including James ; William ; Mrs. 
 Jane Ellsworth ; Mrs. Catharine Nicholson, who still lives in Knox county ; Mary, 
 who became Mrs. Wilson ; Mrs. Matilda Ellsworth, now deceased ; and Mrs. 
 Peggy Nelson. 
 
 John Wilson was but a young lad when he accompanied his parents on their 
 removal from Virginia to Greene county, Ohio, where he grew to manhood. He 
 then sought the opportunities of a less thickly settled district and became one 
 of the early residents of Knox county, Illinois, where he purchased a farm of 
 eighty acres in Truro township. For a number of years he continued its develop- 
 ment but sold out in 1875 and removed to Knox township, where he purchased 
 one hundred and sixty acres of land, making it his home for a long period. His 
 labors converted the place into a very productive tract, from which he annually 
 gathered rich harvests. There he lived until September, 1893. when he died at 
 the age of seventy-seven years, and his wife's death occurred in 1907, when she 
 had reached the age of seventy-two years. Both were consistent Christian people, 
 holding membership in the Presbyterian church, and Mr. Wilson also capably 
 filled a number of township offices. Ere his marriage to Mary King he had 
 wedded Miss Isabella Hogue, and unto them were bom six children, namely: 
 James P., now living in Topeka, Kansas ; Gracetta, the wife of ]ohn Lucas, also 
 of Topeka ; John H., of Knoxville ; Jacob, of Unionville, Iowa ; William, of 
 Oskaloosa, Kansas ; and one deceased. The four children of the second mar- 
 riage are : Dal, who died when a year old ; Effie J., the wife of Charles Wyman, 
 of Knoxville, Illinois; Frank E. ; and Lee Chalmer Wilson. :. v . i-.v, 
 
 No event of special importance occurred to vary the routine of farm life 
 for Frank E. Wilson in the days of his boyhood and youth. He worked in the 
 fields under his father's direction and also gave a portion of his time to the 
 acquirement of his education in the district schools and in the public schools of 
 Knoxville. His more specifically commercial training was obtained in the Gem 
 City Business College of Quincy, Illinois, of which he is a graduate. The first 
 year thereafter he remained upon his father's farm and in the following winter 
 engaged in teaching school. He then went to Pueblo, Colorado, where he engaged 
 in keeping books for a printing and publishing house but later returned to Knox 
 county and became cashier of what was then the Farmers Bank of Yates City, 
 filling that position for twelve years. He next located in Knoxville and asso- 
 ciated with C. M. Corbin and Mrs. Nettie J. Corbin, conducting a private bank 
 for three or four years. In 1906 this was reorganized into the Knox County 
 State Bank, of which Mr. Wilson has since been the president, while Marcus 
 Burnsides is now vice president and R. R. Collins cashier. The bank was or- 
 ganized with a capital stock of fifty thousand dollars and the surplus amounts 
 to fourteen thousand dollars. ^;' > ^^: "V :' :'^'-':;: ^- ' 
 
50 HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY 
 
 Mr. Wilson was married October 31, 1894, to Miss Kate M. Collins, whose 
 birth occurred in Persifer township, this county, her parents being Edward and 
 Hannah (Young) Collins, natives of Ohio and Illinois respectively. Their fam- 
 ily numbered seven children : Kate M. ; Robert R. ; Ella G. ; Rolland E. ; Jessie 
 M. ; Bertha, the wife of Raymond Sapp ; and Nellie F. The paternal grandfather 
 of Mrs. Wilson was Michael Collins, a native of Ireland, and unto him and his 
 wife were born a number of children, including Michael, Peter, Thomas, John, 
 Margaret and Kate. The maternal grandparents were Robert and Mary Young, 
 natives of Ohio, and the former devoted his life to farming, thus supporting his 
 family, which numbered Edward J., John R., Hannah E., Robert L., Ella and 
 three who died in childhood. . ^ ' '; -' ;r :' :^\ ;' I, -'.".' 
 
 The marriage of Mr. and Mrs. Wilson has been blessed with two daughters, 
 Miriam E. and Hortense E. The parents are well known in Knoxville and this 
 part of the state and have an extensive circle of warm friends, while their own 
 home is justly celebrated for its cordial hospitality. Mr. Wilson belongs to Yates 
 City Lodge, No. 448, F. & A. M. ; Raboni Chapter, No. 95, R. A. M.. of which 
 he has been high priest for a number of years; and Illinois Council, No. i, R. & 
 S. M. His study of the political issues and questions of the day has led him 
 to give his support to the democratic party and he has filled some local offices, 
 serving as town clerk and also as president of the village board of Yates City.\-. 
 It is characteristic of him that he has ever been loyal to a trust reposed in him, 
 discharging his duties to the best of his ability and that ability is of no inferior 
 order. He is equally faithful to the trusts reposed in him as a business man and 
 has established his bank upon a broad and safe foundation, built of progressive 
 methods, which are evenly balanced by a safe conservatism, close application, 
 unfaltering determination and strictly honorable methods. 
 
 GEORGE D. CROCKER. : : 
 
 .11. .'',. 
 
 George D. Crocker, for many years a leading merchant of Galesburg, asso- 
 ciated for almost a half century with the grocery trade of the city and now ex- 
 tensively and successfully operating in the field of real estate, was bom in Hen- 
 derson county, Illinois, July 12, 1845. His parents were F. O. and Mary (Brim- 
 hall) Crocker, the former a native of Maine and the latter of New York. They 
 were married in Indiana and came to Illinois about 1843, settling in Henderson 
 county, near Oquawka. Upon a farm there they resided for thirteen years and 
 in March, 1856, came to Knox county, establishing their home in Galesburg. 
 Here the father opened a grocery store, which he conducted during the remainder 
 of his active business life, retiring, however, several years prior to his death, 
 which occurred in 1888. His wife survived him for some time, passing away 
 about 1901. Their' family numbered three children but the two daughters, Oricy 
 and Emma, both died after reaching womanhood. | .- - ;..>:. 
 
 George D. Crocker, the only surviving member of the family, was a pupil 
 in the schools of Galesburg and completed his education in Lombard College. 
 He made his initial step in the business world as assistant to his father in the 
 grocery trade and, when well trained by this preliminary experience, he opened 
 
;-;;-::-. HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY ' -x;^; '-vj^vj 
 
 a grocery store of his own, where the Arlington Hotel now stands, this hotel 
 having been built by Mr. Crocker and his partner, W. A. Robbins. The grocery 
 store was established in 1866 and was conducted successfully for thirty-three 
 years. They enjoyed a constantly growing trade and their establishment was 
 ranked with the foremost enterprises of the kind in Galesburg throughout that 
 entire period. When about a quarter of a century had passed Mr. Crocker turned 
 his attention to the real-estate business, buying and selling property. He is now 
 a large owner of farm lands in North Dakota, near Fargo, situated in the midst 
 of the fertile Red River valley. He was also at one time greatly interested in 
 Illinois farm lands. His real-estate investments have been most carefully and 
 judiciously made and have brought to him the success which is the merited reward 
 of indefatigable labor and sound judgment. 
 
 On the 22d of February, 1867, Mr. Crocker was married to Miss Gertrude 
 Comstock, a daughter of Abner and Agnes Comstock and a native of Warren 
 county, Illinois, bom March i6, 1849. They have become parents of three chil- 
 dren: Frank W., who was bom in 1868 and is now in the office of the Automatic 
 Telephone Company at Los Angeles, California ; Mabel, who is the wife of E. J. 
 Dickson, of Springfield, Massachusetts ; and George Leslie, who is associated 
 with his father in business and resides in North Dakota, having charge of their 
 interests in that state, which include a ranch covering three sections devoted to 
 the raising of grain. 
 
 Mr. Crocker and his family are members of the Methodist Episcopal church. 
 His political allegiance is given to the republican party and, although not an 
 office seeker, he has served as alderman of the fifth ward and always keeps well 
 informed on the questions and issues of the day. He is a member of the Gales- 
 burg Club, and he and his family are widely and favorably known in this city, 
 theirs being one of the attractive and hospitable homes, which is always a favorite 
 resort with those who are most prominent socially in Galesburg. _ . , . 
 
 : - : GEORGE WILLIAMS. ;'H \C 
 
 George Williams, who at different times was connected with commercial and 
 industrial interests in Galesburg, had a most excellent record both as a man and 
 citizen. As a soldier, too, his course was most commendable, for on southern 
 battle fields he proved his loyalty to the Union cause. His birth occurred in 
 Mount Vernon, Ohio, April 3, 1831, his parents being Mr. and Mrs. Robert 
 Williams, who were residents of Mount Vemon, where they remained for a 
 long period. The son spent his youthful days under the parental roof and was 
 indebted to the public-school system of that district for the educational 
 advantages he enjoyed. On the I2th of March, 1856, being then about twenty- 
 five years of age, he was married to Miss Eliza J. Marble, a daughter of J. H. 
 Marble, a resident of Mount Vernon. Three days later they left Ohio for Knox 
 county, making their way at once to Galesburg where Mr. Williams thereafter 
 resided, save for a period of two years spent as a soldier of the Civil war. He 
 enlisted as a member of the One hundred and eighth Illinois Volunteer Infantry, 
 became drum major and was on active duty at Arkansas Post, at Haines Bluff 
 
.-^-v^ 
 
 ^ HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY 
 
 and in other engagements. At length he was honorably discharged and returned 
 to Galesburg. 
 
 On first becoming a resident of this city Mr. Williams established a shoe 
 store which he conducted for many years, enjoying a good trade in that direc- 
 tion. In later years he conducted a dairy business and found it also a source 
 of gratifying income and profit. In all of his business dealings he was thor- 
 oughly reliable and enjoyed the confidence and regard of his fellow townsmen 
 in an unusual degree. 
 
 As the years passed by three children were bom unto Mr. and Mrs. Wil- 
 liams: Walter W., who lives in Galesburg; Flora B., deceased; and G. W., who 
 makes his home in Bridgeport, Connecticut. Mr. Williams took an active interest 
 in Masonry and was an exemplary representative of the craft. He was also 
 much interested in politics and for a number of years was a stanch supporter 
 of the peoples' party or, as it is now known, the populist party. He adhered 
 closely to its principles and doctrines and always kept thoroughly informed on 
 the vital questions of the day. Few men outside of politics had a broader or 
 more correct knowledge of the many questions which he studied from every 
 possible standpoint. He was a firm believer in the power of the government 
 to issue money and was one of the earliest to advocate that idea. At different 
 times he served his party on various committees and was a leader in all of its 
 movements. At local elections he voted with the prohibition party and was 
 ever a stalwart champion of the cause of temperance and of all those activities 
 which tend to uplift the individual and the community at large. Death called 
 him on the I5th of January, 1905, and thus when almost seventy-four years of 
 age he passed away. He had ever been loyal to his honest convictions and his 
 word no man had ever questioned. His life was in many respects worthy of 
 emulation and wherever known he enjoyed the regard and good-will of those 
 with whom he came in contact. 
 
 HOX. LEON A. TOWNSEND. : 
 
 . Hon. Leon A. Townsend has been closely associated with financial affairs 
 in Galesburg since 1891. not only through his connection with banking interests 
 but also as county treasurer. In both connections he has made a most creditable 
 record and his business advancement has its root in his ability to coordinate and 
 utilize all the forces at hand, combined with the most thorough and reliable 
 business methods. He was born at Avon, Fulton county, Illinois, October 13, 
 1854, a son of Robert W. and Rachel Virginia (Terry) Townsend. The father 
 was born in St. Lawrence county. New York, November ii, 1820, and after 
 pursuing his education there turned his attention to mercantile lines, continuing 
 in business in the Empire state until about 1842, when he removed westward 
 to Troy, Illinois. There he worked in a store for a time but in 1853 he estab- 
 lished business on his own account in Avon, where he remained for fourteen 
 years. In 1869 he opened a bank in that town and was active and successful 
 in its management and control until 1875, when he retired from business life 
 with a handsome competence that had been won through his earnest and care- 
 
O; V ^ :; -^^ HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY :; 55 
 
 fully directed efforts. In every relation his life was one of usefulness and of 
 worth. In politics he was a republican and served as deputy revenue collector 
 at Avon. Both he and his wife were members of the Universalist church. The 
 latter was born in Chestnut township, Knox county, Illinois, November 9, 1837, 
 and is still living at Avon but the death of Mr. Townsend occurred there August 
 17, 1904. Their son, Leon A. Townsend, is the eldest of a family of seven 
 children, the others being: Hettie, now the Wife of W. B. Tompkins, of Quincy; 
 Harry F. living in Avon ; Fannie V., the wife of George A. Tompkins, of 
 Avon ; Grace, the widow of Walter M. Jay, of the same place ; Grant, a resident 
 of Galesburg; and Lillian, the wife of George Schneider, also of Avon. 
 
 After attending the public schools of his native town Leon A. Townsend 
 further pursued his education in Lombard College of Galesburg, and then made 
 his initial step in the business world in connection with banking, entering the 
 Avon Exchange Bank as cashier. There he remained until 1875, when he 
 went to Herman, Illinois, where he engaged in merchandising until 1893. I" 
 that year he removed to Galesburg, having two years before been elected to the 
 office of county treasurer for a four-years' term. He was a capable and faith- 
 ful custodian of the public funds and retired from office as he had entered it, 
 with the confidence and good-will of all concerned. This was in 1895 and the 
 same year he entered the Farmers & Mechanics Bank of Galesburg as cashier, 
 retaining that connection with the institution for thirteen years. In 1908 he 
 was elected to the presidency of the bank and in this position of control he 
 is bending his efforts to administrative direction. The progressive methods 
 of the bank are tempered by a safe conservatism and the management realizes 
 the fact that the bank is most apt to win success that most carefully safeguards 
 the interests of its depositors. This course has ever been followed by the 
 Farmers & Mechanics Bank and thus the institution has been enabled to stand 
 unweakened through periods of great financial stress. Mr. Townsend is also 
 interested to some extent in farming, owning some good property. 
 
 In May, 1877, occurred the marriage of Leon A. Townsend and Miss Chris- 
 tina Woods, a daughter of DeWitt C. and Katherine (McGowan) Woods, of 
 Avon, Illinois. Her father was born in Clinton county. New Y<ork, while her 
 mother was a native of Scotland. He made farming his life work and in his 
 boyhood he became a resident of Avon where he lived for many years, passing 
 away there in 1893. His widow still survives and yet makes her home in that 
 village. His political faith was that of the republican party and his religious 
 belief was that of the Universalist church. He was always loyal to every cause 
 which he believed to be right and nothing could swerve him from the path of 
 duty that he was conscientiously following. Unto him and his wife were bom 
 a son and two daughters : Mrs. Townsend, whose birth occurred in Avon, Feb- 
 ruary 5, 1854; Lou, the wife of W. S. Bliss, of Avon; and Ernest C., who is 
 living in Pontiac, Illinois. Mr. and Mrs. Townsend now have three children: 
 Lora, the wife of Frederick Dickinson, of Winnetka, Illinois, and the mother 
 of a daughter, Dorothy ; Nellie, who is the wife of Everett Hinchliff, a lumber- 
 man of Galesburg, and the mother of one child, Virginia ; and Fern, at home. 
 Both Mr. and Mrs. Townsend hold membership in the Universalist church and 
 he belongs to the Independent Order of Odd Fellows, the Modern Woodmen of 
 America and the Benevolent Protective Order of Elks. Never faltering in his 
 
56 ' HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY ': 
 
 allegiance to the republican party he has done much to promote its success and 
 has been called to various public offices, serving as supervisor for eleven years, 
 as township clerk for two years, as county treasurer for four years, as state 
 senator for eight years and as United States marshal for five years. Thus duties 
 of an important character have devolved upon him in which connection he has 
 ever proved himself loyal to the general good, placing the welfare of the com- 
 monwealth before self-aggrandizement and at no time regarding public office 
 as a personal asset. Regarded as a citizen and in his social relations he be- 
 longs to that public-spirited, useful and helpful type of men whose motives and 
 desires are centered and directed in those channels through which flows the 
 greatest and most permanent good to the greatest number. 
 
 ; WEBB A. HERLOCKER. 
 
 > Webb A. Herlocker is one of the younger representatives of the Galesburg 
 bar and yet his comparative youth does not seem to interpose a limit upon his 
 progress and success for he is now accorded a clientage that many an older '. 
 practitioner might well envy. At the outset of his career, however, he recog- 
 nized the fact that he was entering upon a profession wherein advancement 
 can only be secured through individual merit and ability. 
 
 Mr. Herlocker was born in Milford, Missouri, May 27, i88i, his parents .' 
 being Daniel A. and Florence Emma (Earp) Herlocker. The father was born ' 
 in the southeast part of McDonough county, Illinois, April 27, 1851, and the 
 mother's birth occurred in Blandensville in the same county. May 21. 1858. '. 
 Daniel A. Herlocker pursued his education in the public schools of his native 
 county and afterward attended the Christian College at Abingdon. He after- . 
 ward engaged in teaching school for a few years in McDonough county and then . 
 entered the drug business at Sciota, Illinois, where he remained until 1884. In 5 
 that year he was appointed deputy clerk of the circuit court and removed to 
 Macomb, Illinois, filling the position for four years. On the expiration of . 
 that period he became a resident of Table Grove, Fulton county, Illinois, where 
 he again engaged in the drug business until about 1905, when he retired. He 
 still makes his home in that town but is not connected with commercial or other ' : 
 business interests at the present time. He votes with the democratic party which ' 
 he has always supported by his ballot and influence and, aside from serving as ' 
 deputy court clerk, he has been village clerk, a member of the village board , 
 of trustees and school director. He and his wife are members of the Univer- 
 salist church and their well spent lives commend them to the confidence and ^ 
 high regard of all. It was on the 2ist of May, 1876, in Blandensville that they : 
 were married and unto them have been born three children, Webb A., Ward > 
 G. and Emma Wynette. The last two are twins and were born at Sciota, June : 
 
 3, 1884. 
 
 Webb A. Herlocker largely acquired his education in the public schools of 
 Table Grove and later entered the Lombard University, from which he was . 
 
: mSTORY OF KNOX COUNTY i > ?;'- 
 
 graduated with the class of 1903. He next entered the Valparaiso University \ 
 Law School at Valparaiso, Indiana, and completed his course with the class ' . x. 
 of 1907. He then came to Galesburg and entered into partnership with Charles . ^ 
 S. Harris, this relation continuing until 1908, when the partnership was dis- ; ,. , 
 solved and Mr. Herlocker has since remained alone in general practice of his 
 profession. He carefully and systematically prepares his cases and presents ;; 
 his cause in clear and forceful manner, his deductions following in logical :, 
 sequence. : .^" 
 
 Mr. Herlocker is pleasantly situated in his home life, having been married 
 on the 28th of April, 1910, to Miss Fannie Porter, a daughter of Horace G. J 
 and Eldora (Carter) Porter, of DeLand, Illinois. The only child of this mar- ... 
 riage is Robert D., who was born in Galesburg, April lo, 1911. , .^ 
 
 Mr. Herlocker is a democrat in his political views but his public service ,. 
 
 has always been done in other connections rather than as an office-holder. He ' 
 belongs to the Universalist church, to the Benevolent Protective Order of Elks 
 and to the Modern Woodmen camp. He likewise belongs to the Sigma Nu. a 
 college fraternity, and to the Galesburg Club. He was manager of the Lom- 
 bard University Review and also president of the Erosophian Literary Society 
 during his college days, and was on the Varsity baseball team, of which he v 
 was captain for a year. He was likewise a delegate to the Delta Theta chapter 
 for the Sigma Nu fraternity at the grand chapter at New Orleans, Louisiana, ; v 
 in 1904. He was president of the junior class at Valparaiso University and ' 
 played baseball there for two years, being captain of the team during the senior 
 year. He has ever been interested in athletics and manly outdoor sports and .,. 
 thus preserves an even balance in his physical and mental development. His 
 interests are wide and varied and bring him into close connection with many ; 
 activities, all of which are commendable forces in a well rounded character. . ': 
 
 :.': ;;..;./:;' -; ";/ JAMES SHERMAN ALLEN. : ' 'v';: '- '. --..'i'/ 
 
 No history of Knox county would be complete without extended reference 
 to James Sherman Allen, who is now seventy-five years of age and has spent 
 the greater part of his life in this locality, his memory forming a connecting link 
 between the primitive past with all of its hardships and privations and the pro- 
 gressive present with its opportunities and advantages. He was born in Oneida 
 county. New York, October 22, 1836, and is a son of Sheldon William and Fi- 
 delia (Leach) Allen, who are mentioned at length on another page of this vol- 
 lume, in connection with the sketch of their son, Albert H. Allen. James S. 
 Allen can remember nothing concerning the trip to the west for he was only 
 a year and a half old when the father brought his wife and children to Illinois, 
 driving across the country by team. It was a long and arduous journey and 
 after arriving here there were many privations to be met which are always in- 
 cident to pioneer life. 
 
 James S. Allen shared with the family in the usual experiences incident to 
 settlement upon the frontier and in the acquirement of his education he attended 
 
58 - HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY ;-'V;. 
 
 the common schools of Galesburg and also Knox College. He early became 
 familiar with the duties and labors that fall to the lot of the agriculturist for he 
 worked with his father in the fields from an early age and also assisted him in 
 the butchering business, cutting the first round stead in Galesburg. He continued 
 with his father until he had attained his majority and then came into possession 
 of one-half of the butchering business, his partner in the enterprise being Gideon 
 Prentice. They were associated in the conduct of a meat market until 1875, 
 when they sold out to Mr. Allen's brothers. He then turned his attention to 
 general farming and to the buying and shipping of stock, being associated in the 
 latter undertaking with A. W. Ferris and H. P. Berglin. In 1886 Mr. Allen 
 removed to Russell county, Kansas, where he again followed farming for a 
 period of fourteen years, or until 1900. In 1901 he returned to Galesburg and 
 has since lived retired, the success which he had attained in his former labors 
 providing amply all of the necessities and comforts of life. 
 
 On the 29th of May, 1858, Mr. Allen had married Miss Amy S. Mitchell, 
 a daughter of John and Bethany (Lee) Mitchell who were then residents of 
 Galesburg, but were natives of Dutchess county. New York. They came to 
 this city at an early day and the father made farming his life work. Both he 
 and his wife are now deceased. Mrs. Allen, who was born in Galesburg, was 
 called to her final rest on the 9th of January, 1890, while living in Russell county, 
 Kansas, and her loss was an almost irreparable blow to her husband, for they 
 had traveled life's journey together for almost a third of a century. Mrs. 
 Allen was a devoted member of the Methodist Episcopal church. Mr. Allen 
 votes with the prohibition party, which indicates his position concerning the tem- 
 perance question. He regards the use of intoxicants as one of the grave evils 
 of the country and does all in his power to prevent their further use. In fact, 
 his influence has ever been on the side of progress and improvement, of reform 
 and advancement. As one of the pioneer settlers of this county he has witnessed 
 a wonderful transformation here. Much of the land was still unimproved and 
 uncultivated at the time of his arrival and he can remember when the prairies 
 presented one dazzling unbroken sheet of snow during the winter months, while 
 in June they were starred with millions of wild flowers. In all the work that has 
 brought about modern progress and improvement he has been much interested 
 and has aided to the extent of his ability in the development and growth of the 
 county. He can relate many interesting incidents of the early days and is an 
 authority on various matters of history. 
 
 JUDGE J. D. WELSH. 
 
 Judge J. D. Welsh, a distinguished member of the Knox county bar, well 
 merits the success and honor that has come to him in this connection, for he 
 has ever been careful to conform his practice to a high standard of profes- 
 sional ethics and, while he has given to his client the service of well developed 
 talent, unwearied industry and broad learning, he never forgets that there 
 are certain things due to the court, to his own self-respect and above all to justice 
 and a righteous administration of the law which neither the zeal of an advocate 
 
58 HISTORY OF KXOX COL'XTY 
 
 the coiiinion scliools of Galesburg and also Knox College. Me early became 
 familiar with the duties and labors that fall to the lot of the agriculturist for he 
 worked with his father in the fields from an early age and also assisted him in 
 the butchering business, cutting the first round stead in Galesburg. He continued 
 with his father until he had attained his majority and then came into possession 
 of one-half of the butchering business, his partner in the enterprise being Gideon 
 Prentice. They were associated in the conduct of a meat market until 1875, 
 when they sold out to Mr. Allen's brothers. He then turned his attention to 
 general farming and to the buying and shipping of stock, being associated in the 
 latter undertaking with A. \\'. Ferris and H. 1'. Berglin. In 1886 Mr. Allen 
 removed to Russell county. Kansas, where he again followed farming for a 
 period of fourteen years, or until 1900. In 1901 he returned to Galesburg and 
 has since lived retired, the success which he had attained in his former labors 
 providing amply all of the necessities and comforts of life. 
 
 On the 29th of May, 1858, Mr. Allen had married Miss .\my S. Mitchell, 
 a daughter of John and Bethany (Lee) Mitchell who were then residents of 
 Galesburg. but were natives of Dutchess county. Xew York. They came to 
 this city at an early day and the father made farming his life work. Both he 
 and his wife are now deceased. Mrs. Allen, who was torn in Galesburg. was 
 called to her final rest on the 9th of January. 1890. while living in Russell county, 
 Kansas, and her loss was an almost irreparable blow to her husband, for they 
 had traveled life's journey together for almost a third of a century. Mrs. 
 Allen was a devoted member of the Methodist Episcopal church. Mr. Allen 
 votes with the prohibition party, which indicates his position concerning the tem- 
 perance question. He regards the use of intoxicants as one of the grave evils 
 of the country and does all in his power to prevent their further use. In fact. 
 his influence has ever been on the side of progress and improvement, of reform 
 and advancement. As one of the pioneer settlers of this county he has witnessed 
 a wonderful transformation here. Much of the land was still unimproved and 
 uncultivated at the time of his arrival and he can remember when the prairies 
 presented one dazzling unbroken sheet of snow during the winter months, while 
 in June they were starred with millions of wild Howers. In all the work that has 
 brought about modern j^rogress and improvement he has been much interested 
 and has aided to the extent of his ability in the development and growth of the 
 county. He can relate many interesting incidents of the early days and is an 
 authority on various matters of history. 
 
 ' ' JUDGE J. D. WELSH. 
 
 Judge J. D. Welsh, a distinguished member of the Knox county bar. well 
 merits the success and honor that has come to him in this connection, for he 
 has ever been careful to conform his practice to a high standard of profes- 
 sional ethics and. while he has given to his client the service of well developed 
 talent, unwearied industry and broad learning, he never forgets that there 
 are certain things due to the court, to his own self-respect and above all to justice 
 and a righteous administration of the law which neither the zeal of an advocate 
 
: : .' V HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY ";-: ^-^ 
 
 : : ;.-.. -.I, - . ;- ' V 7. '.';"-; ' - VV 
 
 nor the pleasure of success permits him to disregard. He is now a member 
 of the firm of Williams, Lawrence, Welsh, Green & McFarland, having entered 
 upon this connection since his retirement from the county bench. 
 
 Judge Welsh was bom in a log cabin in Truro township, this county, Sep- 
 tember lO, 1858, a son of Michael Welsh and a grandson of William Welsh. 
 The latter was a farmer of Ireland, where he died when more than seventy- 
 five years of age. His wife, who bore the maiden name of Mary Hoben, 
 passed away in middle life. Their family numbered three sons, Edward, Rich- 
 ard and Michael. The last named was born and reared in Ireland and pur- 
 sued his education there. He came to the new world when a young man of twenty 
 years, arriving in 1850, and, making his way into the interior of the country, he 
 settled at Maquon, Illinois, where he followed the occupation of farming. In 
 1853, however, he removed to Truro township, Knox county, where he purchased 
 and improved a farm, making it his home for more than a half century. He 
 won a creditable position among the industrious and progressive agriculturists 
 of the community and his fellow townsmen, appreciative of his worth and 
 ability, called him to a number of local offices. He served as justice of the peace 
 for twenty years and made the notable record of never having an appeal from 
 his decisions such was the fairness and impartiality of his opinions. He was 
 also collector and assessor for a number of terms and served as school trustee. 
 He married Catharine Grace, who, like her husband, was born in County Kil- 
 kenny, Ireland. Her parents were John and Catharine Grace, farming people 
 of Ireland, where both passed away. They had a large family, which included 
 John, Catharine, Stacia and others whose names are not remembered. Unto 
 the marriage of Mr. and Mrs. Michael Welsh there were born seven children : 
 William M., now residing in Williamsfield, Illinois ; Alice, the wife of David 
 Cloonen, of Zearing, Iowa ; Benonia P., also a resident of Williamsfield ; J. D. : 
 Jay. who makes his home in Williamsfield ; M. M., a practicing physician of 
 Odell, Illinois ; and Mary, the wife of Richard Judge, of Pontiac, Illinois. The 
 parents were both members of the Catholic church and passed away in that faith, 
 the mother's death occurring six months prior to the demise of her husband on 
 the 28th of July, 1908. He was then seventy-seven years of age and in his pass- 
 ing the county lost one of its worthy and respected pioneer farmers. 
 
 Judge Welsh was reared on the old homestead in Truro township and early 
 became familiar with the work of tilling the fields. After attending the district 
 schools he was sent to Lombard College, from which he was graduated in the 
 class of 1885. Subsequently he attended the law school of the Illinois Wesleyan 
 University at Bloomington and in June, 1887, was admitted to the bar. He 
 located for practice in Springfield, Missouri, where he remained for two years, 
 and then came to Galesburg, where he has since followed his profession as an 
 active practitioner save that for four years he was county judge, filling the office 
 from December, 1902, until December, 1906. In his practice from 1890 until 
 1895 he was associated with George W. Prince and in August of the latter year 
 entered into partnership with E. P. Williams and George A. Lawrence under 
 the firm name of Williams, Lawrence & Welsh. At the same time there were 
 associated with them E. N. and Guy P. Williams and the present style of the 
 firm is Williams, Lawrence, Welsh, Green & McFarland, F. O. McFarland hav- 
 ing been admitted to the firm relationship. During his practice Judge Welsh 
 
62 HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY v. 
 
 has conducted important litigation in the federal and state courts with gratifying , 
 success, winning well earned fame and distinction. He has much natural ability 
 but is withal a hard student and is never contented until he has mastered every .;. 
 detail of his cases. He believes in the maxim "there is no excellence without <; 
 labor" and follows it closely. He is never surprised by some unexpected dis- . 
 covery by an opposing lawyer, for in his mind he weighs every point and forti- - 
 fies himself as well for defense as for attack. There are few lawyers who win : 
 a larger^- percentage of their cases before either judge or jury than does J. D. y 
 Welsh. He convinces by his concise statements of law and facts rather than : 
 by word paintings and so high is the respect for his legal ability and integrity ' 
 that his assertions in court are seldom questioned seriously. In addition to his :; 
 law practice he is a director of the Farmers & Mechanics Bank. 
 
 Judge Welsh was married June 27, 1888, to Miss Ella C. McCullough, who '- 
 was born in Galesburg, a daughter of Samuel K. and Emily Rosina, (Reed) . 
 McCullough, the former a native of Pennsylvania and the latter of New York. .' 
 They became early residents of Galesburg, where Mr. McCullough was em- ; 
 ployed as foreman by the Chicago, Burlington & Quincy Railroad Company, re- r 
 maining in the service of that company from 1856 until his death save for the ,.. 
 period of three years spent as a soldier in the Union 'army during the Civil war. 
 He died in igoi, at the age of sixty-nine years, and is survived by his wife. They ; 
 had but two daughters, Ella and Estella, the latter the wife of Charles E. Dud- . 
 ley. Unto Judge and Mrs. Welsh has been born a son, Vernon M., who is a - 
 junior at Knox College. The parents are associated with the Universalist .:. 
 church and Judge Welsh is a trustee of Lombard College, conducted under the 
 auspices of that denomination. He belongs to Alpha Lodge, No. 155, A. F. & 
 A. M., and to Galesburg Chapter, R. A. M. His political views accord with . 
 the pirnciples of the republican party. He is worthily regarded as an able, > 
 faithful and conscientious minister in the temple of justice and in his private v 
 life the simple worth of his character has gained him the high regard of his ,. 
 f ellowmen. 
 
 HENRY W. GILES, M. D. 
 
 Dr. Henry W. Giles, who for the past ten years has been engaged in the 
 practice of medicine in Knoxville, was born in Peoria county, Illinois, on the 
 28th of March, i86l. His parents were Thomas and Margaret (Poplett) ^ 
 Giles, the father, a son of Thomas Giles, one of the guards of Napoleon Bona- . v 
 parte, was born on the island of St. Helena, February 28, 1814. Thomas Giles, - . 
 Jr., came to the United States with his father first locating in the state of New ' ; 
 York, where he remained until 1836, when he came to Illinois locating in Peoria. 
 There he continued to reside during the remainder of his life devoting his _. 
 energies during the entire period of his active career to farming. The mother . 
 was a daughter of Thompson Poplett, one of the pioneer settlers of Knox r . 
 county, where she was reared to womanhood. She passed away on August 7, -' 
 1875, while the father survived for eighteen years thereafter, his demise occurring ;, 
 September 7, 1893. ^^^- ^"fl Mrs. Thomas Giles were married March 7, 1850, and ^ 
 
yL,i - : : HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY ' ^ . : V\ es 
 
 to them were born seven children, five of whom are living ; Joseph W., the eldest 
 born January 13, 1853, who is engaged in farming in Peoria county; William 
 Nelson, born March 9, 1858, who is a physician and surgeon of Wataga, Illinois; 
 George, born March 26, 1863, also a farmer of Peoria county ; Mary Helena, 
 born December 24, 1865, the wife of George Yates, a farmer of Peoria county ; 
 and Henry W., our subject. . .. ; - 
 
 The boyhood and youth of Henry W. Giles were spent beneath the paternal 
 roof, his education being obtained in the public schools of Peoria county. After 
 leaving school, for a time he engaged in farm work, but later was employed in 
 a medical laboratory in Peoria, where he remained for four years. Ehiring that 
 period he decided to adopt the medical profession for his life vocation and sub- 
 sequently entered the Keokuk Medical College, from which institution he re- 
 ceived the degree of M. D., the knowledge therein gleaned being supplemented 
 by a post-graduate course in Chicago. He began his career as a practitioner in 
 the state of Iowa, removing from there to Wataga, where he remained until 
 1902, when he established an office in Knoxville, that he has ever since suc- 
 cessfully maintained. During his residence here he has built up a substantial 
 medical practice in the town and surrounding country, while his services as a 
 surgeon are in much demand. Thorough in his methods, sympathetic and help- 
 ful in his manner and conscientious in his devotion to those who enlist his ser- 
 vices. Dr. Giles has become very popular both professionally and socially ; those, 
 who are suffering from ills of any nature whatsoever, knowing that in him they 
 will always find one graciously willing to alleviate their sufferings, if possible. 
 
 Peoria, Illinois, was the scene of Dr. Giles' marriage, on the 26th of No- 
 vember, 1891, to Miss Christiana Schildwachter. The parents of Mrs. Giles were 
 natives of Germany, whence they came to America, first locating in Missouri. 
 After the war they removed to Tazewell county, Illinois, where Mrs. Giles was 
 born and reared. The father is now deceased, but the mother is living and 
 continues to make her home in Tazewell county. To Dr. and Mrs. Giles there 
 have been born four children: Clark W., born August 29, 1892, who is a student;. 
 Willard T., born March 25, 1896; Ruth H., born February 27, 1898, and 
 Howard H., born March 17, 1903. 
 
 The family affiliate with the Methodist Episcopal church, in the work of 
 which they take an earnest and helpful interest, while Dr. Giles keeps in touch 
 with the members of his profession through the medium of his membership 
 in the Illinois State Medical Association and Knox County Medical Society. 
 Dr. Giles has always exerted an immeasureable infiuence for good in the com- 
 munity, where he has done effective service in behalf of general progress and 
 improvement. 
 
 ' ^ r'; LAFAYETTE WEIN BERG. : - . - ^ ^ v ; 
 
 The prosperity and growth of every community depends not so much upon 
 its machinery of government or even upon the men who fill its public offices as 
 upon the enterprise and the character of the men who are controlling its commer- 
 cial and industrial interests. Prominent in this connection is Lafayette Wein- 
 berg, a member of the firm of Weinberg Brothers, wholesale dealers in fruits 
 
64 HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY 
 
 . '. 
 
 and produce, conducting also a freezer and cold-storage business. Along the 
 legitimate lines of trade they have secured an extensive patronage and the busi- ' ; 
 ness in its volume and importance is a satisfactory one, bringing annually very 
 substantial returns. - :; : :' ' . : ; | \ / ' 
 
 Mr. Weinberg is one of the native sons of Illinois, his birth having occurred 
 in Augusta, January 3, 1868. The surname indicates the ancestral connection ; ' 
 of the family. The grandfather, Isaac Weinberg, was a native of Rehburg, ;.. 
 Germany, and served for thirteen years as a soldier in the German army, during . 
 which period he participated in the battle of Waterloo. He was connected - 
 with the cavalry branch of the service. To him and his wife were born four .,- 
 children, Jacob, Simon, Fredericka and Regina. Of this number Simon Wein- 
 berg was the father of Lafayette Weinberg. He, too, was bom in Germany, 
 near Rehburg, and was reared in that land, there learning the butcher's trade. .; 
 The favorable reports which he heard concerning America and its business con- ^ 
 ditions and opportunities determined him to try his fortune in this country, and , 
 on the day on which he was twenty-three years of age he landed in the United '. 
 States. He first located in Cincinnati, where he remained, for several years, and 
 subsequently removed to Augusta. Illinois, where he established a butchering 
 business and general mercantile store, continuing in this line of trade throughout : 
 the remainder of his life. He married Louisa Jurgins, who was born in the 
 same locality as was her husband. Her father, too, was a native of Germany 
 and on coming to America settled near Cincinnati, where his remaining days : 
 were passed. Unto him and his wife were bom four children, Louisa, Mary, 
 William and Henry. Mr. and Mrs. Simon Weinberg became the parents of - 
 nine sons and nine daughters: Regina, the wife of John Tarr, now living in .' 
 Moravia, Iowa ; Jacob, deceased ; Joseph, a resident of Augusta ; Elizabeth, the . 
 wife of B. E. Bacon, of Pleasanton, California ; Fredericka, the wife of F. M. v 
 King, of Augusta, Illinois; Deena, the deceased wife of G. S. Stark; Mina the 
 wife of C. M. Allens^i^orth, of Galesburg; Moses, living in Rushville, Illinois; ; 
 Marv, the wife of George Worman, of Grubgulch, California; Pearlie, the wife -^ 
 of F. A. Reiche, of Moravia, Iowa; Abraham L., who is in partnership with : 
 his brother Lafayette; Aaron, living in Augusta; Lafayette, of this review; 
 Zeline, ofGalesburg ; Adolph, of Augusta ; and Simon, who died when twenty- .; 
 five yearsot age. Two of the children died in infancy. 
 
 The father's death occurred in Augusta in 1901, when he had reached the 
 advanced age of eighty-three years, and his wife passed away in 1895. when : 
 sixty-three years of age. She held membership with the Presbyterian church, 
 while Mr. Weinberg was reared in the Israelite faith. ? 
 
 Spending his youthful days in his native town, Lafayette Weinberg attended . j- 
 the public schools there until 1888, when he entered Knox College in Galesburg, : 
 being graduated on the completion of the commercial course. He made his . 
 initial step in the commercial world in connection with the wholesale fruit and : 
 produce business of Byram Brothers, entering into partnership under the name ' : 
 of Byram Brothers & Weinberg, which connection continued for a little more y 
 than a year. Since then his brother Abraham L. has been associated with him ' 
 under the firm style of Weinberg Brothers. Gradually they hsve built up an 
 extensive business, handling everything that the market affords in fruit and pro- 
 duce and conducting as well a cold-storage and freezer business. Both branches \,' 
 
';;:;:? HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY , : ' 
 
 are proving profitable owing to their capable management, unfaltering energy, 
 and thoroughly reliable business methods. 
 
 On the 23d of November. 1893, Lafayette Weinberg was united in marriage 
 to Miss Mabel L. Babcock, a daughter of Charles M. and Margaret (McChes- 
 ney) Babcock. Mrs. Weinberg was born in Detroit, Michigan, and her father 
 was a native of New York, while her mother's birth occurred in Illinois. Mr. 
 Babcock came as an early settler to Knox county, this state, establishing his 
 home in Galesburg, where his last days were passed, his death occurring in 1906, 
 when he was sixty-three years of age. His widow still survives and now makes 
 her home in Los Angeleg, California. They were the parents of two sons and 
 two daughters, George M., Mabel L., Clara and Frank O. The marriage of 
 Mr. and Mrs. Weinberg has been blessed with five children, of whom three are 
 now living, Helen Louise, Dorothy and Fayette. The last two are attending 
 school and the older daughter was graduated from the Galesburg high school in 
 the spring of 1911. 
 
 In his political views Mr. Weinberg has always been a democrat since age 
 conferred upon him the right of franchise and he keeps well informed on the 
 questions and issues of the day, but has never sought nor desired public office. 
 That he is a man of social, genial nature is attested by his membership in the 
 Soangetaka Country Club. He belongs also to the Galesburg Business Men's Club 
 and is interested in all of its projects for the welfare and improvement of the city 
 along the various lines that contribute to the city's growth and development. 
 His life record has no spectacular phases but it stands as incontrovertible proof 
 of what may be accomplished through determination, energy and ambition. 
 Mr. Weinberg is today recognized as one of the foremost merchants and busi- 
 ness men of Galesburg, honored and respected by all, not only for what he has 
 accomplished, but also for the straightforward methods which have ever char- 
 acterized his business career. 
 
 :. \;;- ERNEST T. S. MASON. . ;-'.;. ''/-v',: 
 
 Ernest T. S. Mason, who since May, 1900, has been general agent at Gales- 
 burg for the Penn Mutual Life Insurance Company, his district covering ten 
 counties in western Illinois, was born in Farmington, Fulton county, this state, 
 on the 2ist of August. 1865. His father. Rev. William C. Mason, was born in 
 Washington county, Pennsylvania, in 1820, and was educated in the Washing- - 
 ton and Jefferson College of that state, from which he was graduated with the 
 class of 1847. He then began preaching in Ohio and later removed to Illinois, 
 where he arrived in 1849. For ^ time he was pastor of the church at Le Claire, ; 
 Iowa, and also of the Presbyterian church at Port Bryan, Illinois. His last 
 charge was at Farmington, this state. During the period of the Civil war he 
 enlisted as chaplain of the Seventy-first Illinois Volunteer Infantry and went with 
 Thomas to Atlanta. He also worked in the hospital at different times and re- : 
 turned from the army with broken health, the hardships of war resulting in his 
 death, on the 2Oth of December, 1870. In early manhood he had wedded Mary 
 Osborne, who was born in Cadiz, Harrison county, Ohio, February 8, 1821. She ' 
 
^IW^- HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY ; .;: V 
 
 survived her husband for a number of years, passing away in November, 1904. 
 She, too, held membership in the Presbyterian church and was his able assist- 
 ant in the discharge of his pastoral work. His political views were in accord with 
 the principles of the republican party. The marriage of Mr. and Mrs. Mason 
 . was celebrated in 1848 and unto them were born seven children: Alexander 
 . O., who is living in Chicago; William S., who died February 23, 1911 ; John M., 
 of Chicago ; Clarence H., of Chetopa, Kansas ; Ernest T. S. ; Mrs. Sarah Amanda 
 Taten, who died December i6, 1904; and Mary Blanche, who died in 1866. 
 
 Ernest T. S. Mason completed his education in the Galesburg high school 
 and throughout the intervening period has been identified with the insurance 
 business. For seventeen years he was connected with the Covenant Mutual 
 Life Insurance Company and then became general agent of the Penn Mutual Life 
 Insurance Company in May, 1900. In this connection he has jurisdiction over 
 ten counties in Western Illinois and has under his control a corps of able rep- 
 . resentatives who are building up for the company a large and substantial busi- 
 ness in this part of the state. Mr. Mason is thoroughly in touch with the work 
 in his territory and his own capability and zeal enthuse those who are working 
 under his direction. . ' .. 
 
 On the 5th of November, 1891, occurred the marriage of Mr. Mason and 
 Miss Maude Alberta Templeton, a daughter of Thomas F. and Mary (Arnold) 
 Templeton. The children born unto them are: Donald, whose birth occurred 
 September 9, 1893; Marjorie Maude, born September 23, 1895; and Nancy 
 Brooke, born February 2, 1897. The wife and mother died December 6, 1904, 
 and on the 3Oth of October, 1907, Mr. Mason was married to Miss Etta Inger- 
 soll, a daughter of Samuel and Lois (Van Orman) Ingersoll, of Galesburg. 
 
 In his fraternal relations Mr. Mason is connected with the Masonic lodge 
 and the Benevolent Protective Order of Elks. He also belongs to the Galesburg 
 Club and attends the Presbyterian church, while his wife is a member of the 
 Methodist Episcopal church. His political views accord with the principles of 
 ^ the republican party, but he has never sought or desired office, believing it pref- 
 erable to concentrate all his energies upon his business affairs, and that he was 
 wise in so doing is indicated in the advancement which has come to him, giv- 
 ing him a prominent position in the insurance circles of the city. 
 
 :; JOHN GILPIN VIVION. ;: ^ . 
 
 John Gilpin Vivion was at different times connected with commercial and 
 financial interests in Galesburg and always maintained a prominent position as 
 a citizen whose activity contributed to public progress while his personal worth 
 gained for him the high regard and confidence of his fellowmen. He was born 
 in Fayette county, Missouri, July i8, 1853, a son of Dr. John B. Vivion. The 
 first twelve years of his life were spent in the county of his nativity and in 1865 
 he accompanied his parents on their removal to Illinois, residing in Adams county 
 until 1868, when he came to Galesburg and completed his education in the schools 
 of this city. He started in the business world as an employe in the Murdock 
 dry-goods store and from there changed to J. B. Colton, where he gradually 
 
9& HISTORY OF KXOX COUXTV 
 
 survived her husband for a number of years, passing away in November, 1904. 
 She. too, held membership in the Presbyterian church and was his able assist- 
 ant in the discharge of his pastoral work. His political views were in accord with 
 the principles of the republican party. The marriage of Mr. and Mrs. Mason 
 was celebrated in 1848 and unto them were born seven children; Alexander 
 ().. who is living in Chicago: William S., who died February 23, 1911 ; John M., 
 of Chicago; Clarence 11., of Chetopa, Kansas; Ernest T. S. ; Mrs. Sarah Amanda 
 Taten, who died December i6, 1904; and Mary Blanche, who died in 1866. 
 . Ernest T. S. Mason completed his education in the Galesburg high school 
 and throughout the intervening period has been identified with the insurance 
 business. For seventeen years he was connected with the Covenant Mutual 
 Life Insurance Company and then became general agent of the Penn ]\Iutual Life 
 Insurance Com])any in May, 1900. In this connection he has jurisdiction over 
 ten counties in Western Illinois and has under his control a corps of able rep- 
 resentatives who are building uj) for the company a large and substantial busi- 
 ness in this part of the state. Mr. Mason is thoroughly in touch with the work 
 in his territory and his own cajjability and zeal enthuse those who are working 
 under his direction. 
 
 On the 5th of N'ovember, 1891, occurred the marriage of Mr. Mason and 
 Miss Maude Alberta Templeton, a daughter of Thomas F. and Mary (Arnold) 
 Templeton. The children torn unto them are; Donald, whose birth occurred 
 September 9, 1893; Marjorie Maude, Ixjrn September 23, 1895; and Xancy 
 Brooke, born February 2, 1897. The wife and mother died December 6, 1904, 
 and on the 3Oth of October, 1907. Mr. Mason was married to Miss Etta Inger- 
 soll, a daughter of Samuel and Lois (Van Orman) Ingersoll, of Galesburg. 
 
 In his fraternal relations Mr. Mason is connected with the Masonic lodge 
 and the Benevolent I'rotective Order of Elks. He also belongs to the Galesburg 
 Club and attends the Presbyterian church, while his wife is a member of the 
 Methodist Episcopal church. His political views accord with the principles of 
 the republican party, but he has never sought or desired office, believing it pref- 
 erable to concentrate all his energies upon his business affairs, and that he was 
 wise in so doing is indicated in the advancement which has come to him, giv- 
 ing him a prominent position in the insurance circles of the city. 
 
 JOHX GILPIX \ IX'IOX. 
 
 John Gilpin X'ivion was at different times connected with commercial ami 
 financial interests in Galesburg and always maintained a prominent position as 
 a citizen whose activity contributed to jniblic progress while his personal worth 
 gained for him the high regard and confidence of his fellowmen. He was born 
 in Fayette county. Missouri, July i8. 1853. a son of Dr. John P.. Vivion. The 
 first twelve years of his life were spent in the county of his nativity and in 1865 
 he accompanied his jiarcnts on their removal to Illinois, residing in Adams county 
 until 1868, when he came to Galesburg and completed his education in the schools 
 of this city. He started in the business world as an emjiloye in the Nfurdock 
 dry-goods store and from there changed to J. P>. Colton, where he gradually 
 
HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY 
 
 worked hts way upward, successive promotions at length bringing him to the . 
 position of credit man in that establishment. He enjoyed in the fullest measure - : 
 the confidence and regard of his employer and at the same time well established ; - 
 himself in public opinion as a man of capability, resourcefulness and unassailable 
 business integrity. At length he turned his attention to financial interests, enter- ; 
 ing the Second National Bank of this city, and after a few years he was made '- 
 cashier of the bank, which position he continued to occupy until 1904, when the '-- 
 bank passed into liquidation. He had been acting as credit man in that institu- i 
 tion for a number of years and when it passed out of existence he founded the 
 Peoples Trust & Savings Bank, which he assisted in organizing and of which 
 he was elected vice president. He also acted as their loan and credit man and 
 it is said that none of the institutions with which he was connected ever lost a 
 dollar on loans made on his recommendations. In 1909 he severed his connec- . 
 tion with the bank and opened an office in the Carr building for the conduct of 
 a general loan business. In this connection he secured a good clientage and had ' 
 built up a substantial business when on the I5th day of April, 1911, he was called 
 .to his final rest. ;.-...;/ -V'-v.:;. ' 
 
 In 1878 Mr. Vivion was united in marriage to Miss Fannie Lawrence, a 
 daughter of Richard Austin Lawrence, of whom mention is made elsewhere in 
 this volume. Both were well known socially, having an extensive circle of warm 
 friends in Galesburg and in other parts of the county. Mr. Vivion was affiliated 
 with the Baptist church and was ever loyal to its teachings and helpful in its 
 work, and his widow is now attending this church. He belongs to the Gales- 
 burg Club, the Business Men's Club and to other commercial and social organiza- ; 
 tions. His political allegiance was given to the democracy but he never sought : 
 nor desired office, preferring to concentrate his energies upon his business affairs 
 which were capably managed, his well spent life gaining for him the regard and ' 
 honor of all with whom he was associated. He was never neglectful of any 
 duty, whether of a public or private nature, and ever held to high ideals of man- 
 hood and citizenship. ; . . : . . ::- . '; -^' . , : .. .,:", 
 
 ;: . ' DANIEL C. MILLER. . ; V 
 
 Among the members of the Knoxville legal fraternity Daniel C. Miller oc- 
 cupies a somewhat unique position, having first entered a court room in a pro- 
 fessional capacity after attaining the age when it is generally considered that a 
 man has reached his zenith and should be well established in his life vocation. 
 His life record began on a little farm in Rockingham county, Virginia, his par- 
 ents being John and Leah (Grigsby) Miller, the father also a native of Rock- 
 ingham county, while the mother was born in Page county, Virginia. The father 
 had three brothers and two sisters: Henry. Joseph, Jacob. Jane and Catherine. 
 All have now passed away with the exception of Jacob, who resides in Kansas, 
 where he owns about twenty-five hundred acres of land, his wealth being esti- 
 mated at one hundred and fifty thousand dollars. Mrs. Leah Miller had one 
 brcther and two sisters : Strauther, Jane and Sarah. The first named came from 
 county, Virginia, to Pike county, Illinois, about fifty-six years ago and 
 
 Vol. n 4 
 
 
70 HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY . : 
 
 was principal of the high school there until elected circuit clerk, while later he 
 was chosen county judge. He had three children, two sons and a daughter, the 
 latter becoming the wife of Judge Higby, who is now judge of the circuit court 
 of Pike county. 
 
 In 1853, with his wife and family, John Miller removed to Illinois, locating 
 on a farm north of Abingdon in Cedar township. After residing there for a 
 brief period he went to McDonough county, where he purchased a farm that 
 he operated for a short time, when he again settled in Knox county. This time 
 they located on a place six miles east of Abingdon, continuing to make that their 
 home for many years. There the mother passed away, but the father was living 
 in Ohio at the time of his death. The family of Mr. and Mrs. Miller numbered 
 eight, six sons and two daughters, all of whom are deceased with the exception 
 of the son Daniel. The five brothers and two sisters were Benjamin, John, Jacob, 
 Joseph, Peter, Elizabeth and Rebecca. Of these, Jacob Miller lived in Texas and 
 at his death left to his wife and one child an estate valued at about eighty 
 thousand dollars. The sister Elizabeth became the wife of Henry Eggers, while 
 Rebecca died in her fourteenth year. 
 
 The childhood and youth of Daniel C. Miller contained little of the bright- 
 ness and joy that are always associated with young life. A large family and 
 limited means precluded the possibility of schooling and the preparation for a 
 full and well rounded mature life, such as every ambitious youth aspires to at- 
 tain. He left home when still quite young and went to work as a farm hand, 
 following this occupation continuously for many years. Despite an environ- 
 ment that was not conducive to intellectual pursuits and the exhausting physi- 
 cal toil that occupied his days, such spare moments as he had were spent in 
 reading the best thoughts of the greatest minds. These he dwelt upon during 
 the long hours of his daily toil, never permitting his mind to wander and hover 
 over vag^e and indefinite things but concentrating it upon a specific line of 
 thought. Naturally this training made of him not only a scholar but a thinker, 
 and when at the age of forty-four years it was found possible for him to realize 
 the ambition of his life and begin studying for the profession he was so well 
 adapted to follow, he was fully qualified for the undertaking. He entered 
 Wesleyan University at Bloomington, where he pursued his legal studies, being 
 graduated with the class of 1889. Immediately following his admission to the 
 bar, he established an office in Knoxville and has ever since been successfully 
 engaged in practice. A man of practical ideas, sound judgment and fine reason- 
 ing powers, Mr. Miller was readily recognized as an able representative of his 
 profession and as a result has been entrusted with some of the important liti- 
 gation in his immediate district. Liberal in his ideas and broad in his views, 
 he reads widely and thinks deeply on all the vital subjects of the day, his 
 opinions always being regarded as worthy of consideration because they are 
 the result of long and deep deliberation. He possesses a rare memory, retain- 
 ing every detail of what he reads, and is unquestionably one of the best posted 
 men in this section of the state. ; . - /' -'^,>^'^^ -^ ' ' I . ' v' 
 
 Mr. Miller was married in 1864 to Miss Mary Humphrey, a native of Knox 
 county, and to them was born one son, Cyrus A. Miller, who is a resident of 
 Alliance, Nebraska. From his first wife he secured a legal separation and after- 
 ward wedded Mary Jane Myrick, a widow and the sister of John Buffington. 
 
/; ;. HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY :; ) -IRj^v 
 
 They lived together* for nineteen years but at length decided to separate and in 
 1890 Mr. Miller was again married, his third union being with Mrs. Nancy 
 (Adkins) Tucker, the widow of Josiah Tucker, and also a native of this coun- 
 ty, her parents having been among the pioneer settlers here. Daniel C. and 
 Nancy (Adkins) Miller became the parents of two children. Nellie C, the elder, 
 married Hal Bachus, who is a decorator in Galesburg. They have two chil- 
 dren, Louis C. and Helen I., the former born April i, 1909, and the latter Febru- 
 ary 13, 1911. Daniel C. Miller, Jr., is living at home with his parents. He pos- 
 sesses much musical talent and has been a member of the Knoxville band for 
 three years, playing the cornet horn. 
 
 Mr. Miller has had many vicissitudes in life. He has met with hardships, 
 trials and privations and has felt the sting of base ingratitude from those from 
 whom he should have received love and assistance. However, his lines have at 
 many times fallen in pleasant places and he is now well established in business, 
 is surrounded by a happy and contented family and has in this county many 
 friends. 
 
 WILLIAM O'R. BRADLEY. 
 
 The medical profession of Galesburg has a prominent and worthy repre- 
 sentative in Dr. William O'R. Bradley, who in the practice of medicine and 
 surgery has demonstrated his wide knowledge of the scientific principles that 
 underlie his work and his ability to apply his knowledge in the arduous and diffi- 
 cult task of checking the ravages of disease. He opened an office in this city 
 in 1891 and in the intervening period of twenty years has firmly established 
 himself in the public regard not only as a capable physician but also as a man 
 and citizen. He was born in Rochester, New York, October 14. i86i, his parents 
 being Dr. Thomas and Anna G. (Maloney) Bradley, the fprmer a native of Bel- 
 fast, Ireland, and the latter of Rochester, New York. The paternal grand- 
 father. Dr. Hugh Bradley, was a successful physician of Belfast for many years, 
 but eventually sought the opportunities of the new world and on coming to 
 America established his home in Rochester, New York, where he practiced for a 
 considerable period. His death there occurred in 1882, when he had reached the 
 venerable age of eighty-nine years. His family numbered two sons, Patrick and 
 Thomas, and a daughter who died in early girlhood. 
 
 Dr. Thomas Bradley, coming to America during his boyhood days, was 
 graduated from the Geneva Medical College, of Geneva, New York. He after- 
 ward located for practice in Rochester and was well established in business 
 when, in 1866, he passed away at the age of forty-six years. In early man- 
 hood he had wedded Anna G. Maloney, a daughter of Henry Maloney, and she 
 passed away September 15, 1879, at the age of forty-two years. Both were 
 members of the Catholic church. In addition to his private practice Dr. Brad- 
 ley had served as surgeon of the New York state militia with the rank of ma- 
 jor. In the family were two children who lived to maturity, the daughter being 
 Marie, who was a Sister of the Catholic church in the order of the Sacred 
 Heart. She was known as Madam Bradley and died in the old City of Mexico 
 in 1901. 
 
72 v;.\ HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY ! 
 
 Dr. William O'R. Bradley was reared in Rochester and attended its public 
 schools. Subsequently he became a pupil in the Canisius College of Buffalo and 
 later attended St. Michael's College in Toronto, Canada. He then returned to 
 Buffalo and was graduated from the medical department of the University of 
 Buffalo with the class of 1883, having determined to make the practice of medi- 
 cine his life work. Following his graduation he opened an office in Rochester, 
 New York, where he remained for a year and a half, and then went to Wash- 
 ington, Kansas, where he resided until 1891. That year witnessed his arrival in 
 Galesburg, where he has since practiced, and his pronounced ability has been 
 the means of bringing him a large practice, in the conduct of which he has 
 been very successful, reading and study keeping him in close touch with the 
 advancement in medical science. . ' ; i '- ^;-^ ." C j 
 
 On the 22(1 of July, 1884, Dr. Bradley was united in marriage to Miss Mar- 
 garet Rivers, who was born in Rochester, New York. Dr. and Mrs. Bradley 
 now have three children, William Rivers, Marie and Anna. Dr. Bradley gives 
 his political allegiance to the democratic party and is a prominent worker in its 
 ranks, because of his belief that its principles are most conducive to good gov- 
 ernment. He served as mayor of Galesburg for one term and gave to the city 
 a business-like and progressive administration. His fraternal relations are with 
 Alpha Lodge, No. 155, A. F. & A. M., Galesburg Chapter, R. A. M., and Gales- 
 burg Commandery, K. T. He has also crossed the sands of the desert with the 
 Nobles of Mohammed Temple of the Mystic Shrine and in his life he exemplifies 
 the beneficent and benevolent spirit of the craft. In strictly professional lines 
 his association is with the city, county and state medical societies and the 
 American Medical Association. He holds to high ideals in his chosen life work 
 and conforms strictly to a high standard of professional ethics. , 
 
 ;V ' ;, WILLIAM H. SPINNER. : - . - 
 
 William H. Spinner hardly needs an introduction to the readers of this 
 volume for he is widely and favorably known, both because of the extent and 
 activity of his business interests and by reason of his entertaining powers as a 
 chalk talker. He was born in Deal, County Kent, England, March 15, 1859, 
 and his parents, Henry C. and Elizabeth A. (Lass) Spinner, were also natives 
 of that country, where the father was born in 1830, while his wife's birth oc- 
 curred in November of the same year. He was a farmer and dairyman and a 
 dealer in live stock. He remained a resident of England until called to his final 
 rest, as did his wife. His religious faith was that of the Church of England, 
 while Mrs. Spinner was a member of the Wesleyan Methodist church. Fra- 
 ternally he was connected with the Independent Order of Odd Fellows and 
 was at one time noble grand in the local lodge. His family numbered two sons 
 and four daughters: Annie, now deceased; William H. ; Ellen S., who is living 
 in Kent, England; Elizabeth L., the wife of Charles Miller, of Galesburg; Fanny 
 M., of England; and Frank, deceased. : 
 
 William H. Spinner was only seven and one-half years of age when brought 
 by his uncles Eb and John Lass, to the new world and then on to Galesburg, 
 
: ;: : : : HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY ;/;. :^v:;^'||/. 
 
 to the home of William S. Lass, his foster father. He attended the public ' 
 schools here and began earning his own living by working for the Burlington 
 Railroad Company in the telegraph office as messenger. Gradually he worked 
 his way upward, his capability and fidelity winning him promotion, until he 
 became chief clerk. He then had charge of the Western Union wires and was 
 wire chief. He afterward became chief clerk for the division superintendent and 
 later in the general superintendent's office and in September 1888, was appointed , :. 
 to the responsible position of ticket agent at Galesburg, which position he filled 
 until the i6th of February, 1904. Mr. Spinner for many years held the sole 
 agency of all Atlantic steamship lines and many European tourists and emi- ': 
 grants bear tribute to his efficiency and his painstaking work in carefully planning -I 
 their trips over the ocean. In 1904 he became general agent for the New York ; . 
 Life Insurance Company, having full control of all of its business and interests : 
 in this part of the state. This is still his connection and he has made for him- 
 self an honored name and position in the field in which he is now operating. : 
 Mr. Spinner is also known as a chalk talker and cartoonist, in which connec- - '- 
 tion he has given many entertainments in which amusement and instruction are ;, 
 well balanced features. He draws rapidly with charcoal and colored chalks, - 
 illustrating his speech, and in the twinkling of an eye can change a gay face to . 
 one of great seriousness or supplement an expression of sorrow with one of joy. : 
 He has received many favorable press notices and his work on the platform has v- 
 been highly commended. 
 
 Mr. Spinner is pleasantly situated in his home life, having been married on '.' 
 the 4th of December, 1883, to Miss Florence B. Rice, a daughter of Augustus 
 and Susan (Grant) Rice, of Lewistown, Illinois. Her father, a druggist of Ful- 
 ton county, Illinois, and a son of Dr. E. D. Rice, was of New England ancestry. . . 
 Her mother was a daughter of Professor Innes Grant, of Scotch descent, who at 
 one time was professor of languages of the faculty of Knox College. Unto - - 
 Mr. and Mrs. Spinner have been born three children : Harold R., born December 
 3, 1885; Delia Grant, February 7, 1889; and Mary, May 22, 1895. 
 
 In his political views Mr. Spinner is a republican but the honors and emolu- 
 ments of office have had no attractions for him. He can find ample opportunity 
 to use his time in different directions and is especially well known as an active 
 member of the Central Congregational church, having for twenty years served 
 as superintendent of its Sunday school. He belongs also to the Young Men's 
 Christian Association of Galesburg, of which he was a director until a few years 
 ago. He likewise belongs to the Masonic Lodge and the Galesburg Club. 
 Throughout his life he has always been the same genial, courteous gentleman, 
 whose ways are those of refinement and whose worth no man can question. 
 
 JACOB H. SCHRYVER. ::-; 
 
 Jacob H. Schryver, who maintains a shoemaking establishment in Knoxville, 
 has been a resident of Knox county for forty-four years, during which time he 
 has noted its wonderful development along the various lines of human activity. 
 He was born in Sag Harbor, New York, on the 5th of June, 1833, and is a son 
 
74 : HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY ;\;X 
 
 of George and Nancy (Conant) Schryver, natives of Pennsylvania. The father, 
 who was a farmer in his early manhood, removed with his wife and family 
 from Pennsylvania to the Mohawk valley. New York, subsequently locating in 
 Sag Harbor, where he remained for many years. From there he went to Ontario, 
 Canada, and engaged in the lumber business, continuing to make his residence in 
 that country until his death. The family of Mr. and Mrs. Schryver consisted 
 of five sons and six daughters, all of whom with the exception of our subject, 
 are now deceased. 
 
 The youthful years of Jacob H. Schryver were spent in Sag Harbor, where 
 he received his schooling. When old enough to become self-supporting he fol- 
 lowed various occupations until 1865, when he engaged in the shoemaker's trade. 
 From New York he went to Maine, but later went to Massachusetts, and in 
 1867 he came to what at that period was termed the west, locating in Galesburg. 
 There he established a shop that he successfully conducted for many years. He 
 has always been a skilful and painstaking workman and as he employed only 
 the best of materials in executing his orders enjoyed a very good patronage. 
 After the death of his wife, Mr. Schryver located in Abingdon for a few years, 
 but has for some time now been making his home in Knoxville. During the 
 period of his residence here he has at all times been found dependable and 
 thoroughly trustworthy in his business obligations and as a result enjoys the 
 respect of all with whom he has had transactions. 
 
 In 1855, at the age of twenty-two years, Mr. Schryver was united in mar- 
 riage to Miss Ellen Myers, who was born and reared in Canada, but passed away 
 in Galesburg in 1891. Her parents were natives of Germany, but in their early 
 life they emigrated to Canada, where the father followed farming during the 
 entire period of his active career. Of the marriage of Mr. and Mrs. Schryver 
 there were born four children, two of whom are living: Mary Ellen, the wife 
 of O. T. Martin, of Iowa, and James S., who makes his home in Greeley, 
 Colorado. 
 
 In matters of faith Mr. Schryver is an Episcopalian. Although being in his 
 eightieth year Mr. Schryver still leads an active life, and takes an interest in 
 all that is going on about him. . ' ;. , ^^ ':"' 
 
 ; :: CAPTAIN GEORGE W. REYNOLDS. 
 
 Captain George W. Reynolds, a retired farmer owning one hundred acres 
 of land in the corporation of Victoria, belongs to a family that was prominent 
 in the early development of Victoria township. He was born July 15. 1826, in 
 Milton. Massachusetts, which is now within the city limits of Boston. His 
 grandfather, Wincept Reynolds, was born in New Hampshire, of English par- 
 entage, and was a private in the Revolutionary war. In early life Wincept 
 Reynolds married a Miss Locke, a daughter of John Locke, a miller of Barring- 
 ton, New Hampshire. His keen sense of justice and upright life had won for 
 him the title o'f "Honest John Locke." The children of Wincept Reynolds 
 were five in number, of whom George F., the father of Captain George W. 
 Reynolds, was the fourth in order of birth, the others being: Wincept, who 
 
. ;: ' ; ^- HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY 1 
 
 died in Boston ; Jacob ; Job, who died in New Hampshire ; and Mrs. Elizabeth , 
 Weeks, who died in Farmington, New Hampshire. Wincept Reynolds was 
 killed by a falling tree in 1832 and buried on his farm in New Hampshire, where 
 he had spent the greater part of his life. His wife died in 1846. They were 
 members of the old-time Presbyterian church. An interesting heirloom that 
 has come to Captain Reynolds is the cane that was used by his grandfather,- 
 Wincept Reynolds. 
 
 George F. Reynolds, the father of Captain Reynolds, was bom in Barring- - \^ 
 ton. New Hampshire, in 1799. He married Abigail Locke, a dau^ter of 
 "Honest John Locke, Jr.," and to this union were born four children, of whom 
 George W. Reynolds was the eldest. The others were : Charles C., who died , ; 
 in Andalusia, Illinois; John W., who died in Victoria, Illinois; and Mrs. Julia 
 A. Hammond, who passed away in Victoria township. Soon after his marriage 
 George F. Reynolds went to Milton, Massachusetts, where he worked for four 
 years for Judge Robbins, and then, in June, 1835, removed to Peru, Illinois, at ; ' 
 which time there was only one house on the site of the present city. Owing to A 
 sickness in his party Mr. Reynolds left Peru and went to Pleasant Grove, Taze- V 
 well county, where he remained one and one-half years, coming in the summer . 
 of 1836 to the farm, on which Victoria now stands. His farm originally cov- 
 ered one hundred and thirty acres but owing to the growth of the town he - 
 gradually sold off lots until at the time of his death only eighty acres were left, '':'. 
 most of which was cut up into town lots. In 1837 he built the first house that >. 
 was erected on the road in that section, and in the same year the postoffice at -.' 
 Victoria was established, the only one in that part of the country, and he was ; , 
 made postmaster. Mr. Reynolds was a lifelong republican. He took a very 
 active part in the early development of the county, helped to organize the town- 
 ship, was trustee of the school fund and was justice of the peace. He was an ; 
 earnest worker in the Congregational church and was known for years as Deacon 
 Reynolds. He died in 1892, at the age of ninety-two and one-half years. His ;> ' 
 wife had died in 1876 and they are both buried in Victoria cemetery. 
 
 Captain George W. Reynolds was reared in Victoria and educated in the '-. 
 public schools there. Later he attended school in Galesburg for three winters. 
 He served all during the Civil war as captain of Company K, Eighty-third Regi- ; 
 ment of Illinois Infantry, under Colonel Smith. After the war he returned to 
 his farm at Victoria. He was twice married. In 1846 he wedded Mary Hotch- ' 
 kiss, a native of New York, and after her death he married, in 1859, Elizabeth 
 Swickard, a native of Ohio and a daughter of Jonathan Swickard. Captain 
 Reynolds has one son by his first marriage, Lewis M., who resides in Colorado, 
 and one daughter by his second marriage, Jennie R., the wife of James Mc- 
 Master, of Victoria township. Mrs. Reynolds and Mrs. Noah Swickard, her '; . 
 sister-in-law, were the only two ladies from these parts who accompanied their . 
 husbands into the Civil war, and both were present on the field of the battle of ''- 
 Fort Donelson. It is very interesting to hear her recount reminiscences of - : 
 this memorable occasion. She is a venerable old lady, who is greatly beloved ! 
 by all who come in contact with her and appreciated as a bright and entertaining ' 
 companion. Captain Reynolds, who has resided on his present farm since 1836, 
 is widely and favorably known throughout the county, and the worthy couple 
 is esteemed highly by all. Both are members of the Congregational church, of 
 
?8 :%v HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY ^^ : . 
 
 which he serves in the capacity of trustee. Fraternally, he is identified with 
 P. G. Tait Post, No. 869, G. A. R. He has been active in local politics all his 
 life, always working for the republican party. He has served as school treasurer 
 and trustee, and was for nineteen years village treasurer. His life might be 
 termed one of long service to the country at large and, especially, to his com- 
 munity and county. ' , ^fj. . , ' 
 
 v; .' JOHN HOWARD BRYANT, M. D. 
 
 Prominent among the representatives of the medical profession in Galesburg 
 is Dr. John Howard Bryant, who has wisely and conscientiously used the talents 
 that have been given him in his preparation for the onerous duties that devolve 
 upon him in connection with his chosen life work. His extensive practice is the 
 best evidence of his ability, and his success has its root in a comprehensive under- 
 standing of the scientific principles that underlie his work together with careful 
 diagnosis. Dr. Bryant was born in Princeton, Illinois, May 27, 1876, a son of 
 Elijah and Laura (Smith) Bryant, both of whom were natives of Bureau county, 
 Illinois The Bryant ancestry in this country can be traced back to Sir Guy 
 Bryant, who came from England in 1632, his ancestry also runs back eight gen- 
 erations to John Alden and Priscilla Mullens of the Mayflower. Elijah Bryant 
 was a son of John Howard Bryant, who was born in Cummington, Massachusetts, 
 and was a brother of William Cullen Bryant, the distinguished American poet. 
 In the year 1831 John Howard Bryant came to Jacksonville, Illinois, with one 
 of his brothers by way of the Erie canal and Ohio river, and in the spring of 
 1832 he rode horseback to Bureau county, settling on the present site of Prince- 
 ton, where he took up a section of land which he improved, bringing the farm 
 under a high state of cultivation. He was followed in a few years by two other 
 brothers, all four of whom made Princeton their permanent home, William Cul- 
 len being the only brother remaining in the east. He acquired other property 
 in that district, becoming one of the large landowners. There he spent his re- 
 maining days and not only took active part in the promotion of agricultural in- 
 terests but likewise became an active factor in the public life of the community. 
 He was closely associated with those who were instrumental in the creation of 
 Bureau county out of Putnam county and throughout all the active period of 
 his life did much toward shaping its formative policy and guiding its destiny. 
 Under appointment of President Lincoln he filled the office of internal revenue 
 collector and for three or four different terms he represented his district in the 
 general assembly, his active support of various measures proving a potent ele- 
 ment in guiding legislative enactment during that period. He took the greatest 
 pride in his work in financing and establishing the Princeton township high 
 school, which was the first school of that character in the state. His influence 
 was always on the side of progress and advancement and he was justly accounted 
 one of the most prominent citizens of Bureau county. He regarded it the duty 
 as well as the privilege of every man to exercise his right of franchise and sup- 
 port the political principles which he believed most conducive to good govern- 
 ment. During the greater part of his life he was a stanch advocate of the 
 
.:/;-/;:^- HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY > : 'V:- .7<^ 
 
 republican party and at no time was his position regarding any vital question 
 an equivocal one. He married a Miss Wiswall in 1834 and to them were bom 
 two sons, Henry who died at the age of nineteen and Elijah. J. H. Bryant reached 
 the venerable age of ninety-five years, while his wife passed away at the age of 
 eighty-one. -''.'.' :-:v-y'vv >='.'/'' '- :'-...-V; ; vvS S"''v;^.''!^;.l^ 
 
 Elijah Bryant, father of our subject, was born in Bureau county, Illinois, 
 during the pioneer epoch in the history of that district and was there reared and 
 educated. As he grew to manhood he became his father's assistant and gradually 
 more and more assumed the management of the estate, to which he devoted his 
 entire life. He married Laura Smith, who was also born in Bureau county and 
 was a daughter of Sidney P. Smith, who removed from New Hampshirte to this 
 state. He established his home just outside of Princeton, upon a farm which 
 he carefully developed and improved. He married a Miss Doolittle, of Prince- 
 ton, and both died in Bureau county when well advanced in years. The Smiths, 
 like the Bryants, were of English descent. In the family of Mr. and Mrs. Sid- 
 ney P. Smith were five children who reached mature years: Lucy, now the wife 
 of A. C. Cutler; Emily, the wife of James Smart, of Chicago; Elizabeth, who 
 married H. H. Curtis, of Chicago ; Sidney P., living in Athol, Massachusetts ; 
 and Laura, who became Mrs. Bryant. The death of Elijah Bryant occurred 
 in 1892, when he was fifty-six years of age. He had held a number of local 
 offices and in a more quiet but none the less effective way had carried on the 
 work which his father instituted for the development and upbuilding of the 
 county. His widow still survives him and is numbered among the faithful mem- 
 bers of the Congregational church, with which she has long been identified. Of 
 their family of six children five are yet living: Frances, the wife of J. C. Ban- 
 nister, of Kewanee, Illinois ; Kate, the wife of W. E. McVay, of Los Angeles, 
 California; William C., living in Princeton; Sue, the wife of A. H. Ferris, also 
 of Princeton, Illinois ; and John H., of this review. 
 
 Dr. Bryant spent his youthful days in his native city and the public and high 
 schools afforded him his early educational privileges, his course being continued 
 there until his graduation from the high school with the class of 1897, and spent 
 the following summer traveling in Europe. During the two succeeding years 
 he lived in Los Angeles, California, where he was employed as a bookkeeper in 
 a bank. In the summer of 1899 he returned to Illinois and took up the study 
 of medicine in the Northwestern University Medical School of Chicago, therein 
 completing a four-years' course by graduation in 1903. To his theoretical train- 
 ing he added the broad practical experience of hospital practice as an interne, 
 being thus engaged until July, 1904. In the fall of that year he was married 
 and on the ist of January, 1905, established his home in Galesburg, where he 
 has since remained, gradually building up a practice which has now assumed 
 extensive proportions. He keeps in touch with the progress of the medical fra- 
 ternity through his perusal of the latest and most valued contributions to medi- 
 cal literature and his sound judgement enables him to select that which is best 
 and most valuable and use such for the benefit of his patients. He is now serv- 
 ing on the Galesburg Hospital staff and is a member of the city, county and 
 state medical societies and the American Medical Association. 
 
 On the 26th of October, 1904, Dr. Bryant was married to Miss Lillian 
 R. \V^arfield, a native of Princeton and a daughter of Jacob H. and Mary (Qark) 
 
80 HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY 
 
 Warfield. Her father was born in Uniontown, Ohio, and her mother's birth oc- 
 curred near Princeton. Mr. Warfield passed away in 1890 but his wife is still 
 living. They were parents of six children : George C. ; Andrew A. ; Lydia, the 
 wife of W. C. Bryant ; Charles W. ; Lillian, the wife of J. H. Bryant ; and 
 John J. To Dr. Bryant and his wife has been born two daughters, Frances 
 Warfield and Grace Adele. The parents are members of the Central Congrega- 
 tional church and Dr. Bryant gives his political allegiance to the republican 
 party. He manifests unfaltering devotion to his chosen life work and his 
 success is based not alone upon broad scientific attainments but also upon human- 
 itarianism, which is one of the salient elements in his character. 
 
 ':; SHELDON C. AYRES. /:' ' 
 
 Among the few soldier boys of '6i still regularly engaged in the discharge .. 
 of active duties must be mentioned Sheldon C. Ayres, who for forty-two years 
 has been running out of Galesburg as a passenger conductor on the Chicago, Bur- 
 lington & Quincy Railroad. His birth occurred at Andover, Henry county, Illi- 
 nois, on the 5th of July, 1843, his parents being John A. and Mary B. (Wash- 
 burn) Ayres. The father was a native of Connecticut and the mother of Maine, 
 but they were married in Andover. John A. Ayres was reared and educated in 
 his native state and there he also received his agricultural training. In 1835 he 
 came to Illinois, settling on a farm in Henry county that he industriously culti- ' 
 vated for twenty-two years. In 1857 he withdrew from the work of the fields - 
 and went to Galva where he engaged in business for four years. He disposed of 
 this in i86i, removing to a farm three miles west of Kewanee and there resided 
 for twelve years. At the expiration of that time he sold his property and to- . 
 gether with his wife removed to David City, Nebraska. He invested his money '.. 
 in lands in that vicinity but lived in the town, continuing to make that his home, .; 
 as did also the mother, until death. He was a deacon in the Baptist church, in 
 which they both held membership, and in politics he was a republican, but never . 
 held any office save that of school director. Nine children were born unto Mr. / 
 and Mrs. Ayres, as follows : Charlotte B., who is deceased ; Sheldon C., our 4 
 subject ; William, who is also deceased ; John, who is living in Nebraska ; James, 
 of Greenleaf, Kansas ; Elizabeth, who is deceased ; Edwin, a resident of Fair- 
 bury, Nebraska ; Frank, who lives at David City, Nebraska ; and Clifford, who 
 is deceased. 
 
 The early years in the life of Sheldon C. Ayres were in no way unusual, 
 but very similar in every respect to those of other lads of that period who were 
 reared in the more sparsely settled communities. When old enough to begin . 
 his education he entered the public schools of Andover, completing his course 
 in those of Galva. Thrilled with the patriotism that dominated so many of the 
 youths at that time, when the call came for soldiers in the early days of the war ;; 
 he responded by enlisting as a private in Company D, Seventeenth Illinois Vol- : 
 unteer Infantry. He remained at the front for three years and one month, : 
 participating during that time in many of the most notable conflicts of the Re- 
 bellion. Among the battles in which he was engaged mention should be made '. 
 

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, ; ; : . : HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY - > ' jB9 
 
 '.' : ' ' '^':''-:' "' ' : '--'^ ''.;;'''-,;'''*>'. 
 
 of Frederickstown, Fort Donelson, Shiloh, both sieges of Corinth, luka, Holly 
 Springs, .Old River near Lake Providence, Clinton, Mississippi, Jackson, Meri- 
 dian, Canton, Yazoo City, and the siege and capture of Vicksburg. He was 
 discharged at Springfield, and immediately resumed the duties of civil life as a 
 farmer, following this occupation until he attained his majority. Subsequently 
 he joined an engineer corps that was surveying for the American Central from 
 Galva to New Boston, and in 1866 he entered the employ of the Chicago, Bur- 
 lington & Quincy Railroad Company in the capacity of a freight brakeman. 
 He was later promoted to the position of conductor and on the 2ist of April, 
 1869, ^^ was assigned a passenger train. For many years he has been pas- 
 senger conductor on the Galesburg and Quincy division, and is well and favor- 
 ably known to all of the company's employes on this section. 
 
 Atkinson, Henry county, Illinois, was the scene of the marriage of Mr. Ayres 
 to Miss Ellen E. Nichols, a daughter of Ziba and Mathilda (Smith) Nichols, 
 the event being celebrated on the 2d of September, 1869. Three daughters 
 were born to them: Nellie, Elizabeth and Mary, all of whom are now deceased. 
 
 Fraternally Mr. Ayres is a Mason, having joined the order at Kewanee in 
 1865, where he took the degrees of the blue lodge, and in 1867 he affiliated with 
 the commandery at Galesburg. He is a member of the Order of Railway Con- 
 ductors, and both he and Mrs. Ayres belong to the Presbyterian church. His 
 allegiance in political matters is accorded to the republican party, but he has 
 never sought public honors, although he takes an active interest in all municipal 
 questions and always goes to the poles on election day. On November 9, 1900, 
 Mr. Ayres was appointed by Governor John R. Tanner of Illinois, one of the 
 commissioners to ascertain and mark the position of the Illinois troops in the 
 battle of Shiloh. Mr. Ayres is one of those who can be depended upon to meet 
 the requirements of citizenship by giving his services and cooperation when- 
 ever needed, his efforts being characterized by the same fortitude and endurance 
 as well as determination of purpose that distinguished him on the battlefields of 
 the south. ' ' -''^.- .''/^^'"- '"''^ ' ' V/"^ ;:',;. -^'^ <.:.--':.- -:'^- 'v^'-''^.- 
 
 : . xT FRANK LAUREN CONGER. .;- V : ' v 
 
 Frank Lauren Conger, a Lombard man, whose educational training has been 
 used to good purpose in a successful and progressive business career, is now 
 cashier of the First National Bank of Galesburg, his native city. He was bom 
 December 9, 1873. the elder of two children of Seth B. and Ella (Ohnsted) 
 Conger. The younger son is Dr. G. P. Conger, now practicing in Oak Park, 
 Illinois. His paternal grandfather was Lauren C. Conger, a native of the state 
 of New York, who married Amanda Hasbrook and came to Knox county at 
 an early day, settling at Cherry Grove. Both he and his wife lived to old age 
 and here reared their family of two sons, Seth B. and Fred H. The former, born 
 in Illinois, was reared in this county and became one of the early students in 
 Lombard College when that institution was known as Liberal Institute. His 
 education completed, he afterward devoted some time to the cultivation of his 
 father's farm lying west of the city. Later he took up the grocery business in 
 
84 > HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY ' : -^ 
 
 '-*-.-'.''',- 
 
 which he continued for several years and subsequently removed to Missouri, 
 living in Carroll county, that state, for about fifteen years. Returning to Gales- 
 burg he entered business circles here as a lumber dealer under the firm name 
 of Conger & Hinchcliflf and subsequently was engaged in the hardware and 
 implement business in Knoxville for four or five years. During the last year and 
 a half of his life he lived retired in Bradentown, Florida, where he passed 
 away in 1910. In early manhood he wedded Ella Olmsted, also a native of this 
 state and a daughter of Silas and Emily (Ward) Olmsted, who were natives of 
 New York. They became early residents at Olmsted's Mills, north of Mon- 
 mouth, Illinois, where the matern'al grandfather of our subject operated a fiour 
 mill and also carried on farming. At length he removed to Galesburg where 
 he engaged in merchandising until his death, which occurred when he was past 
 middle age. His wife long survived, reaching the advanced age of eighty-nine 
 years. In their family were four children : Ophelia, the wife of Lyman West ; 
 Flora E., the wife of John T. Avery ; Ella A. ; and Professor Everett Ward 
 Olmsted, now of Cornell University at Ithaca, New York. It was the daughter 
 Ella who became the wife of Seth Conger and the mother of F. L. Conger of 
 this review. She still survives her husband and is now living in Galesburg, where 
 she has a wide acquaintance. She holds membership in the Universalist church 
 of which Mr. Conger also was a member. 
 
 Frank L. Conger was only a year old when his parents removed from this 
 city to Missouri where he spent the succeeding fifteen years of his life upon his' 
 father's farm. He then returned to his native city and entered Lombard Uni- 
 versity from which he was graduated with the class of 1895. He afterward 
 worked for a year in the lumberyard owned by his father and then pursued a 
 year's course of study in pharmacy in the University of Illinois, School of 
 Pharmacy. Later he opened a drug store at the corner of Main and Seminary 
 streets in Galesburg, continuing in active connection with mercantile interests 
 until he sold out to enter the field of banking. In 1898 he became collector of 
 the First National Bank and has been gradually promoted through intermediate 
 positions until he has now filled the position of cashier for more than six years. 
 He has thoroughly acquainted himself with the banking business in every par- 
 ticular and is therefore well qualified for the onerous and responsible duties that 
 devolve upon him in this connection. He is regarded as a most courteous and 
 obliging bank official and his policy as well as his business ability contribute to 
 the success of the bank. 
 
 On the 1 3th of February, 1900, Mr. Conger was married to Miss Mabel 
 Dow, a daughter of Andrew G. and Flora (Prindle) Dow, the former a native 
 of Illinois and the latter of Michigan. They became early residents of Gales- 
 burg where Mrs. Conger was born. Her father died in 1905 when more than 
 sixty years of age and her mother is still living. They have two children, the 
 younger daughter being Edna, now the wife of James Moir, of Burlington, 
 Iowa. Mr. and Mrs. Conger have one daughter, Barbara Lois. They hold mem- 
 bership in the Universalist church and Mr. Conger also belongs to the Benevo- 
 lent Protective Order of Elks, serving for one year as exalted ruler of the local 
 lodge. He likewise holds membership in the Galesburg Business Men's Club 
 and is not only interested in its social features but is also a cooperant factor in 
 its work for the improvement and upbuilding of the city and the extension of its 
 
^^. ;.:- HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY ^^>f::A^ 
 
 .',..' . . . ' ' - ''.''-- - . - , . -.,*'..''- 
 
 -.,' ^ _.., .-.' *-^ '.'..''-'-' , '-_,' '-', >' ' ' ' '-'''.' "j ,' 
 
 commercial relations. In politics he is a republican and filled out an unexpired 
 term as city treasurer but has never been an aspirant for office, preferring to con- 
 centrate his energies upon his business interests which have been of constantly 
 developing importance. He is a worthy representative of one of the oldest 
 families of Knox county, his great-grandfather having settled here as a pioneer 
 when the seeds of civilization were just being planted in this district. Like his 
 forefathers before him he takes an active and helpful interest in all projects for 
 the progress of city and county along material, intellectual, social and moral 
 
 lines. .'.:;;' '-'.:'- . - ;. - ;--;'-V-V-;v.. ;..;;- .,^:-V. -V- . - - ":-':''-'-.:'': '. 
 
 : !' : ': './ ;, ': '-:;;:..^; ; ALBERT j. CLINE. :%;; " j- . v:'-y,,v> ; ':--'^^; 
 
 Albert J. Cline, of the dine & Shaw Fuel Company, of Galesburg, was born 
 in Peoria county, Illinois, October i6, 1871. He is a son of Peter S. and Mi- 
 randa E. (Matteson) Cline, natives of the state of New York, the father having 
 been born in Oswego county, in 1831, while the mother's birthplace was Troy. 
 Peter S. Cline came west locating on a farm in Radner township, Peoria county. 
 There he engaged in agricultural pursuits until his death in October, 1882. He 
 was a democrat in his politics and served for eight years as a supervisor in his 
 township. Five children were born of the marriage of Mr. and Mrs. Cline, of 
 whom our subject is the fourth in order of birth. The others are as follow : 
 Alice C., the wife of E. E. Kendall, of Victoria, Illinois; Fred C., who is de- 
 ceased; Arthur R., who is residing in Galesburg; and Jessie C., the wife of 
 Edwin Thommasson of Lefbridge, Alberta county. The family always attended 
 the Presbyterian church in which the mother held membership. 
 
 Reared on the farm where he was born Albert J. Oine first attended the 
 common schools of Akron township, Peoria county. His education was later 
 supplemented by study in the Chillicothe high school, and a course in Brown's 
 Business College at Galesburg. Although he had early been trained in agricul- 
 tural pursuits, when ready to select his life vocation he decided that he preferred 
 a business career. His first position was in the offide of I. R. Green, a well 
 known coal dealer of Galesburg, by whom he was employed for a year. Later 
 he became associated with R. N. Shaw in purchasing this business, which at that 
 time only supplied the retail trade. Under their capable direction this enterprise 
 flourished in a most gratifying manner and they later extended the scope of their 
 activities by the addition of a wholesale department. Their offices are located 
 in the Holmes building, suite 201 to 205, this city. They do a wholesale coal 
 business and also handle sand, gravel and crushed rock. The business has in- 
 creased in a most satisfactory manner and they now have a well established and 
 constantly increasing patronage. They are incorporated for fifteen thousand 
 dollars with Mr. Cline as president; A. R. Cline, vice president; and R. N. 
 Shaw, secretary and treasurer. 
 
 On the 3 1st of October, 1900, Mr. Cline was united in marriage to Miss 
 Caroline Brown, a daughter of James A. and Ellen (Spence) Brown, of Good 
 Hope, Illinois. They were both natives of Pennsylvania, the father having 
 been born in the vicinity of Pittsburg, and the mother at Sunbury. In the 
 
86 - HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY '-X 
 
 early years of their domestic life they came to Illinois, locating on a farm at 
 Good Hope, to the further improvement of which the father devoted his ener- ; 
 gies until his death. The mother is still living and now makes her home at 
 Macomb, Illinois. In religious faith Mr. Brown was a Presbyterian, and his 
 widow still holds membership in that church. The birth of Mrs. Cline occurred ^. 
 on the old family homestead at Good Hope, on the 3d of September, 1877, and 
 there she was reared to womanhood. One child has been born to Mr. and Mrs. 
 Cline, Margaret A., whose birth occurred in Galesburg, on September 25, 1905. :: 
 
 Fraternally Mr, Cline is an Odd Fellow and both he and Mrs. Qine belong 
 to the Presbyterian church, and politically he is a republican. He has never 
 sought political honors, however, always preferring to give his undivided atten- .'; 
 tion to the further development of his business. ... > 
 
 y LOUIS BECKER, M. D. .- 
 
 Dr. Louis Becker is not only rendering service of value to his fellow towns- 
 men in the practice of medicine and surgery but is also filling the office of mayor 
 of Knoxville. He was born in Clarksville, Tennessee, October 15, 1864, a son 
 of Lothar and Mary (Smith) Becker. The father was born in the kingdom 
 of Bavaria, Germany, and was a son of Franz Becker, who followed the milling 
 business in the city of Hahnhofen, where he died when past middle life. Lothar 
 Becker was one of a large family and was reared in his native country, until he 
 participated in the war which sought to obtain greater liberties for the people 
 of the fatherland. The revolutionists, as they were called, were not success- 
 ful and, like Carl Schurz and many other eminent men of the country, he was 
 obliged to leave Germany and accordingly sought the liberty of the new world. 
 On coming to America he settled in the old town of Henderson, Knox county, 
 Illinois, where he conducted a flouring mill in connection with Henry White 
 under the firm name of White & Becker. There Mr. Becker continued until 
 after the outbreak of the Civil war, when he offered his services to the govern- 
 ment and commanded a company of Illinois artillery until the cessation of 
 hostilities. He then returned to Knox county and for some years operated a 
 flouring mill at Galesburg belonging to Judge Knowles. Subsequently he was 
 owner and superintendent of the coal mines at Soperville and in 1876 he went 
 to Galveston, Texas, where he conducted a flouring mill until his death. In 
 early manhood he had wedded Mary Smith, a native of Vermont and a daugh- 
 ter of Loren and Eliza (Bemis) Smith. Her father was also born in the Green 
 Mountain state, of English descent and a farmer by occupation. At an early 
 day he came with his family to Galesburg, Illinois, where he died at the ad- 
 vanced age of eighty-five years, while his wife reached the age of eighty-four 
 years. They had four daughters who g^ew to womanhood: Betsey, the wife 
 of M. D. Cook ; Laura, the wife of Henry White ; Ursula, the wife of Charles 
 Norton; and Mary, who became the wife of Lothar Becker. She has also 
 departed this life. She was a member of the Universalist church, while her 
 husband held membership in the Catholic church. In politics he was a republi- 
 can and at one time served as alderman of Galesburg from the second ward. 
 
; ": ^ HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY ' : - ^ 87 
 
 Their children were four in number: Fred, ^deceased; Frank, now living in 
 Galveston, Texas ; Louis ; and Pauline, the widow of Louis Weber, of Knoxville. 
 
 Dr. Becker, although born in Tennessee, has been a resident of Knox 
 county since 1865, save for the period of three years spent in Galveston, Texas. 
 He was only a year old when the family came to Knox county and was reared 
 in Galesburg, pursuing his education in the public schools there and in Knox 
 Academy and Knox College. A review of the various avenues of business to 
 .which an individual might direct his energies, led him to the determination to 
 make the practice of medicine his life work and he at once began studying, 
 spending a year in the medical department of the Michigan University at Ann 
 Arbor and two years in the medical department of the Northwestern University 
 at Chicago. He then began practicing in Knoxville in 1888 and has remained 
 here continuously since. He is now doing private practice and is also physician 
 at the County House and at St. Mary's and St. Martha's schools. 
 
 Dr. Becker was married October ii, 1888, to Miss Addie Rearick, a native 
 of Beardstown, Illinois, and a daughter of Frank H. and Helen (Shaw) Rear- 
 ick. Her father was born in Germany and her mother in Massachusetts and 
 they were married in Beardstown, Illinois. Mr. Rearick is now engaged in 
 the hardware business in Galesburg but his wife is deceased. They had a family 
 of six children : Harry F. ; Walter S. ; Fannie, the wife of W. B. Barnes, of 
 Fort Madison, Iowa; Mrs. Becker; Allen C., of New York city, who is an at- 
 torney; and Herbert C., deceased. 
 
 Dr. and Mrs. Becker are the parents of four children, Harry F., Frances 
 Marjorie, Louis Dunster and Edwin Shaw. The parents are members of the 
 Presbyterian church, in which Dr. Becker is serving as an elder. He holds mem- ' 
 bership in Pacific Lodge, No. 66, A. F. & A. M. ; Raboni Chapter, R. A. M. ; 
 and Illinois Council, No. i, R. & S. M. In politics he is a republican and in the 
 spring of 1911 was elected to the office of mayor, so that he is now officially 
 directing the affairs of the city. He was for many years a member of the 
 school board. In strictly professional lines he is connected with the county 
 and state medical societies and the American Medical Association. The greater 
 part of his time and attention have been given to his professional duties, and 
 yet he has found some opportunity for cooperation in public work. 
 
 : : :v ELMIRA F. HERTIG, M. D. ^- .v:; ^.;;: 
 
 Upon the basis of a broad classical course in college Dr. Elmira F. Hertig 
 built the superstructure of her professional knowledge and is today recognized 
 as one of the well informed and capable members of the medical fraternity of 
 Galesburg, her success being evidenced in the extensive practice now accorded 
 her. She is a native of Fayette county, Pennsylvania, and a daughter of John 
 and Elizabeth Ann (Schowalter) Hertig. The father was a native of France 
 and after coming to America engaged in teaching in Pennsylvania for a number 
 of years. It was in that state that he was married, his wife being a native of 
 Pennsylvania. There the family home was established and Dr. Hertig pursued 
 her early education in the public schools of Fayette county and later continued 
 
88 HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY vv--; . 
 
 her studies in Waynesburg College of Pennsylvania. Her professional training 
 was received in Chicago where she entered the Woman's Hospital and Medical 
 College, being graduated therefrom with the class of 1885. She received the 
 A. M. degree from Waynesburg and her M. D. degree upon her graduation in 
 Chicago. For two years she continued in practice in that city and in 1887 came 
 to Galesburg, where she has since remained, successfully following her chosen 
 life work here. She is familiar with the science of medicine in all of its branches 
 and has remained a close student thereof, keeping in touch with the advanced 
 thought of the profession and with all of the discoveries which are continuously 
 promoting knowledge and adding to the efficiency of the practitioner. She be- 
 longs to the Knox County Medical Society and also the American Medical 
 Association. Aside from any professional connection she is widely known and 
 is a lady of innate culture and refinement, whose broad reading has made her 
 familiar with the current topics and interests of the day. 
 
 V PHILIP N. GRANVILLE. :;/:: 
 
 The history of Galesburg in its financial connections would be incomplete 
 and unsatisfactory, were there failure to make prominent reference to Philip 
 N. Granville, who for more than twenty years has served as cashier of the Bank 
 of Galesburg, which he aided in organizing in 1889. Throughout all the inter- 
 vening period he has made a close study of the problems of finance and the 
 questions which arise in connection with the conduct of banking institutions and 
 his efficiency and ability have continually increased, while his labors have con- 
 tributed in full measure to the success of the institution, with which he has so 
 long been connected. He is numbered among the worthy native sons of Knox 
 county, his birth having occurred in Abingdon on the I7th of July, 1855. His 
 parents, John and Bothilda Granville, were born in County Kristianstad, 
 Sweden. The paternal grandparents passed away in that country, but John 
 Granville, the father, who was a shoemaker by trade, crossed the Atlantic to 
 the United States about 1851 and came direct to Victoria, Knox county, Illinois. 
 He subsequently located in Abingdon, where he worked at his trade, and in 
 1865 he took up his abode in Galesburg. where he established a shoe business 
 in partnership with Olaf Johnson. He was afterward in partnership with Victor 
 Velander until 1869, after which he conducted the business practically alone 
 until about 1889, when he retired on account of failing health. He had won 
 success during his many years of connection with the shoe trade and the last 
 years of his life were spent in honorable retirement, his demise occurring Novem- 
 ber 17, 1893, when he had attained the age of sixty-eight years. During the 
 period of his residence in this county, covering more than four decades, he had 
 won an extensive circle of friends and his death was therefore the occasion of 
 deep and widespread regret. His wife survived him for only one month, being 
 seventy-seven years old when called to her final rest on the I2th of December, 
 1893. Both passed away in the faith of the Methodist church. They were the 
 parents of five children, two of whom are yet living, namely: Philip N., of 
 this review; and Emily C., the wife of C. T. Holmes, of Galesburg. . . , -: 
 
88 . - HISTORY OF KXOX COUNTY 
 
 her studies in \Vaynesbiirg College of Pennsylvania. Her professional training 
 was receivetl in Chicago where she entered the Woman's Hospital and Medical 
 College, heing graduated therefrom with the class of 1885. She received the 
 A. M. degree from \\'ayneshurg and her ]\I. D. degree upon her graduation in 
 Chicago. I-'or two years she continued in practice in that city and in 1887 came 
 to Galesburg, where she has since remained, successfully following her chosen 
 life work here. She is familiar with the science of medicine in all of its branches 
 and has remained a close student thereof. kee])ing in touch with the advanced 
 thought of the profession and with all of the discoveries which are continuously 
 promoting knowledge and adding to the efficiency of the practitioner. She be- 
 longs to the Knox County Medical Society and also the American Medical 
 Association. Aside from any professional connection she is widely known and 
 is a lady of innate culture and refinement, whose broad reading has made her 
 familiar with the current tojjics and interests of the day. 
 
 : PHILIP X. GRAX\'ILLE. 
 
 The history of Galesburg in its financial connections would be incomplete 
 and unsatisfactory, were there failure to make ])roininent reference to Philij) 
 X. Granville, who for more than twenty years has served as cashier of ths P.aiik 
 of Galesburg, which he aided in organizing in 1889. Throughout all the inter- 
 vening period he has made a clo-^e study of the problems of finance and the 
 cjuestions which arise in connection with the conduct of banking institutions and 
 his efficiency and ability have continually increased, while his labors have con- 
 tributed in full measure to the success of the institution, with which he has so 
 long been connected. lie is numbered among the worthy native sons of Kno.x 
 county, his birth having occurred in Abingdon on tlie ijth of July, 1855. His 
 parents, John and P.othilda Granville, were born in County Kristianstad, 
 Sweden. The paternal grandj)arents ])assed away in that country, but John 
 Granville, the father, who was a shoemaker by trade, crossed the Atlantic to 
 the United States about 1851 and came direct to X'ictoria, Knox county, Illinois. 
 He subsequently located in Abingdon, where he worked at his trade, and in 
 1865 he took up his abode in Galesburg, where he established a shoe business 
 in partnership with Olaf Johnson. He was afterward in ])artnershi]) with \ ictor 
 X'elander until i8rx), after which he conducted the business practically alone 
 until about 1881;, wben he retired on account of failing health. He had won 
 success during liis many years of connection with the shoe trade and the last 
 years of his life were spent in honorable retirement, his demise occurring Xovem- 
 ber 17, i8<>3, when he had attained the age of si.xty-eight years. During the 
 period of his residence in this county, covering more than four decades, he had 
 won an extensive circle of friends and his death was therefore the occasion of 
 deep and widespread regret. His wife survived him for only one month, l>eing 
 seventy-seven years old wheii called to her final rest on the I2th of December. 
 1893. P>oth passed away in the faith of the Methodist church. They were the 
 parents of five children, two of whom are yet living, namely : Philip X., of 
 this review; and Emily C., the wife of C. T. Holmes, of Galesburg. ; . 
 
;; : : ; ; ' ; : HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY ;;AV:V;-.. -r 
 
 Philip N. Granville has resided in Galesburg continuously since 1865 with 
 the exception of about a year spent in Evanston. In the acquirement of an 
 education he attended the public schools and Knox Academy and at intervals 
 was employed in different dry-goods stores. At various periods he was in the 
 service of O. T. Johnson and other dry-goods merchants as bookkeeper for a 
 couple of years. After permanently putting aside his text-books he went to 
 Evanston, where he entered the hardware establishment of Lindgren & Wigren, 
 remaining there for nearly a year. He then returned to Galesburg and entered 
 the service of the Chicago, Burlington & Quincy Railroad Company, first as 
 clerk in the roundhouse and afterward in the roadmaster's office. Subsequently 
 he was in the office of the master mechanic and still later, leaving the railroad 
 company, became connected with the Covenant Mutual Benefit Association as 
 cashier. He severed his connection with that company when elected city treas- 
 urer in 1887 for a term of two years. When about to retire from the office he 
 was asked by J. R. Lindgren, by whom he had been employed while in Evanston 
 and who had embarked in the banking business in Chicago in connection with 
 Mr. Haugan, to establish a branch bank in Galesburg under the name of the 
 Bank of Galesburg, Haugan & Lindgren, proprietors. Mr. Granville selected 
 Axel Gabrielson, a bank officer of experience at that time connected with The 
 Farmers & Mechanics Bank of Galesburg, to become cashier, while he assumed 
 the duties of the assistant cashiership. He also selected H. E. Olson, an insur- 
 ance man, to become bookkeeper and also take charge of the insurance depart- 
 ment of the bank. The new institution opened its doors for business and entered 
 upon a successful career. On the 3d of October, 1891, this bank was incor- 
 porated as 'a state bank with a capital of one hundred thousand dollars, and the 
 following officers were then elected : A. M. Craig, president ; Peter Nelson, 
 vice president; Axel Gabrielson, cashier; P. N. Granville, assistant cashier and 
 director ; with H. E. Olson as bookkeeper and P. N. Granville as secretary of 
 the board of directors. In September, 1892, Mr. Gabrielson resigned and Mr. 
 Granville then became cashier of the bank, which position he has since continued 
 to occupy. The bank has grown continuously, its capital has been increased to 
 one hundred and twenty-five thousand dollars and its cash surplus has reached 
 three hundred and twenty-five thousand dollars. It owns its bank building, 
 which at present is being remodeled, being converted from a three-story to a 
 five-story building, with more commodious rooms for its banking business. For 
 two decades Mr. Granville has been cashier of the institution and has proved a 
 most capable and f>opular official, whose labors in conjunction with those of 
 the president, A. M. Craig, a far-sighted, conservative business man of sub- 
 stantial means, have been a potent factor in promoting and strengthening the 
 bank and increasing its surplus and capital. 
 
 On the 1st of November, 1903, Mr. Granville was united in marriage to 
 Miss Bessie Olson, a native of Galesburg, Illinois, and a daughter of Michael 
 and Cecelia Olson, who were bom in Bergen, Norway, and took up their abode 
 among the early settlers of Galesburg. Mr. Olson is still living here but lost his 
 wife on the 6th of May, 1911, when she had attained the age of eighty-four 
 years. Three of their children still survive, as follows: Mrs. Granville; Anna 
 C., the wife of George F. Eckstrand ; and Dr. J. C Olsen, a doctor of chemistry 
 and an expert on foods, who is at present connected with the Polytechnic In- 
 
 voi. n B 
 
- :-o ' HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY -j^ ,;: 
 
 stitute of Brooklyn, New York. He gave many lectures on the results of his :'.. 
 
 researches and is the author of a book on "Pure Foods" and a volume entitled - . ,- 
 
 "Text-book of Quantitative Chemical Analysis." Mr. and Mrs. Granville have ^''^(= 
 
 two children, John Philip and Elizabeth. ': . 
 
 In politics Mr. Granville is a stanch republican, loyally supporting the men ' - ' : 
 
 and measures of that party. For two years he acted as alderman of the second . ,,. 
 
 ward. In Masonry he has attained high rank, being a member of the following ; 
 
 organizations: Alpha Lodge, No. 155, F. & A. M., of which he is treasurer; >' 
 
 Galesburg Chapter, No. 46, R. A. M. ; Galesburg Commandery, No. 8, K. T., :,' ,<. - 
 
 in which he is eminent commander; Illinois Council, No. i, R. & S. M., being- -^ 
 
 presiding officer of the council at Knoxville; Mohammed Temple of the Mystic ' v 
 
 Shrine; and Peoria Consistory, S. P. R. S. He likewise belongs to the First . .' 
 
 Scandinavian Lodge, No. 46, I. O. O. F., and is identified with the encamp- ;!.'., 
 ment and the canton. His religious faith is indicated by his membership in the 
 
 Swedish Methodist Episcopal church, to which his wife also belongs. His genu- . - 
 
 ine worth and his devotion to all that is right, just and elevating, make him a ' 
 man whom to know is to respect and honor. , , 
 
 :v:;\ GEORGE J. EASTES. "'',.: 
 
 Knox county has been signally favored in the class of men who have usually 
 occupied her public offices. On the whole they have been called from among 
 the best citizenship and with loyal and patriotic spirit have discharged the duties 
 that have devolved upon them. In this connection George J. Eastes deserves 
 mention, for at the present writing he is capably filling the position of county 
 treasurer. He was born in Galesburg, on Christmas day of 1868, a son of 
 Jabez and Maria S. (Porter) Eastes. The family is of English lineage and the 
 paternal grandfather, John Watson Eastes, a native of England, was an old 
 seaman and for many years a pilot on the English channel. He died in his 
 native land at a venerable age and his wife also traveled far on life's journey 
 before called to her final rest. They had a large family, including John, Samuel, 
 Henry, Jabez, Richard. Alfred, Mary Ann and Cynthia. The maternal grand- 
 father of George J. Eastes was Benjamin Porter, a native of Massachusetts, 
 who devoted his life to farming. His wife died in early womanhood but he 
 lived to a ripe old age. In their family were three children, George, Maria S. 
 and Mary. 
 
 Jabez Eastes, father of our subject, was born in Kent county, England, 
 while the mother was a native of Massachusetts. He spent his youthful days to 
 the age of ninteen years in his native country and pursued his education there. 
 Desirous of having better advantages than could be secured in the old world, 
 he sailed for America and in 1849 became a resident of Galesburg, where he 
 has since lived, being today one of the oldest residents of the city, having made 
 his home within its borders for sixty-two years. He has, therefore, been a 
 witness of its growth from early villagehood and is also cognizant with many 
 events which have left deep impress upon the history of central Illinois. For 
 many years he engaged in bookkeeping but some years ago retired from busi- 
 
. -V V-' ' '-: V HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY > : . ': : ' 
 
 ness life. He holds membership in the Congregational church, as did his wife, 
 who died in 1873, when about thirty-eight years of age. They were the parents 
 of six children who lived to maturity, John W., Edward P., Fannie M., Eliza 
 B., George J. and Carrie A. 
 
 '; : In taking up the personal history of George J. Eastes we present to our 
 readers the life record of one who is widely and favorably known in Gales- 
 burg, where he has spent his entire life. His history stands in contradistinc- 
 tion to the old adage that a prophet is not without honor save in his own 
 country, for in the city of his nativity he has been called to positions of promi- 
 nence, indicative of the confidence and trust reposed in him by his fellow towns- 
 men, among whom he has always made his home. Entering the public schools 
 at the usual age, he passed through consecutive grades until graduated from 
 the high school with the class of 1887. He then turned his attention to rail- 
 roading, being first connected with the service as a clerk, while later he was fire- 
 man for sixteen years and engineer for two years. He left the road in 1906, 
 when called to the office of city treasurer, which he filled for two years. In 
 the fall of 1910 he was elected county treasurer and is now serving in that ca- 
 pacity, promptly and systematically discharging the duties of the office that 
 devolve upon him. 
 
 On the 2 1st of r>ecember, 1899, Mr. Eastes was married to Miss Ada Vinecke, 
 a daughter of Christian J. and Catharine (Case) Vinecke. Mrs. Eastes was born 
 in New York, near Buffalo, and her parents were also natives of that state. 
 They became residents of Galesburg in 1888 and here Mrs. Vinecke is still liv- 
 ing, but the father passed away in 1907, at the age of sixty-six years. Unto 
 them were born five children, Elmer, Carrie J., Hattie, Ada, and Ruth. Mr. and 
 Mrs. Eastes have one son, George Vinecke. The parents hold membership in the 
 Episcopal church and Mr. Eastes is well known in fraternal circles, being esF>e- 
 cially prominent in Masonry. His membership is in Des Moines Lodge, No. 
 I, A. F. & A. M. ; Iowa Chapter, No. i, R. A. M. ; St. Omar Commandery, No. 
 15, K. T., of Burlington, Iowa; Zarephath Consistory, A. A. & S. R., of Daven- 
 port, Iowa; and Kaaba Temple of the Nobles of the Mystic Shrine. He is 
 also connected with Galesburg Lodge, No. 142, I. O. O. F., and with the Gales- 
 burg lodge of Elks. His political allegiance has always been given the republi- 
 can party and he has been an earnest worker in its ranks. In office he is making 
 a most creditable record, his work receiving the commendation of all who 
 know aught of the actual labor that is connected with the position. " 
 
 -r : ; - HON. HENRY McCALL SISSON. ;;':?:: 
 
 During the years of his residence in Knox county Hon. Henry McCall Sis- 
 son was well known as an educator, farmer, breeder of fine stock and later as 
 a retired citizen whose activity in former years well merited rest and prosperity 
 which crowned the evening of his life. He was also prominent in public affairs 
 and although many positions of trust and responsibility were accorded him, he 
 never betrayed this trust in the slightest degree. He was born in Clinton, New 
 York, September 29, 1829, and his parents. Pardon and Abba (McCall) Sis- 
 
94 HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY 'a-' : 
 
 son, were both natives of New England. They were married September 30, 
 1827, in Lebanon, Connecticut, and afterward removed to Oneida county. New 
 York, where they resided for fifteen years prior to their arrival in Galesburg in 
 1842. The ancestral line on the maternal side has been traced back through 
 thirty-seven generations to Egbert, who became king in the year 802 A. D., 
 and was styled Rex Anglorum, or the King of the English. One of the great- 
 grandfathers of Henry McCall Sisson was Captain Veach Williams, a man of 
 considerable prominence in his day, who was born in Lebanon, Connecticut, 
 April 23, 1727. He came of the same family as Ephraim WiUiams, the founder 
 of Williams College, and of William Williams, who was one of the signers of 
 the Declaration of Independence and speaker of the colonial congress. , - 
 
 Henry M. Sisson enjoyed the educational advantages offered by his native 
 town and made wise use of his time and talents. He was a lad of thirteen 
 years when the family came to Galesburg and after continuing his studies for a 
 time in the district schools here he entered Knox Academy in the fall of 1843. 
 He became very proficient in Latin and in mathematics was a particularly apt 
 pupil. When only sixteen years of age he had made such advancement that he 
 was chosen as teacher in the public schools, his broad intelligence well qualify- 
 ing him for the position. For thirteen years he remained a resident of Gales- 
 burg but in 1855 removed to his farm in Henderson township and during the 
 greater part of his life was connected with general agricultural pursuits. 
 
 In addition to tilling the fields Mr. Sisson engaged quite extensively in the 
 raising of fine stock in which he was very successful. He was also an excel- 
 lent judge of stock, his opinions being accepted as authority upon their value. 
 His business affairs were most capably managed and the energy and industry, 
 sound judgment and sagacity which he displayed constituted effective forces in 
 winning for him the success which crowned his labors. 
 
 Mr. Sisson not only won for himself a creditable position in business circles 
 but also enjoyed the confidence of his fellowmen in a large degree and by them 
 was called to fill many positions of public trust. He was elected supervisor of 
 Henderson township in 1869 and was again called to that office in 1876, at 
 which time he remained in the position for three years. Again in 1885 he was 
 chosen supervisor and served altogether for eleven years. After establishing 
 his home in Galesburg he was elected to the office and continued therein for 
 several terms. He was likewise school trustee, road commissioner and in other 
 connections proved his loyalty to the best interests of the community. More- 
 over he was identified with many organizations for the advancement of progress 
 along agricultural and other lines. He was a member of the farmers congress 
 at the World's Columbian Exposition at Chicago and was a delegate to the farmers 
 national convention held in Fort Worth, Texas, in 1898. He was president of the 
 National Poland China Swine Association and for ten years was president of the 
 American Poland China Record Company. He was president of the Knox 
 County Farmers Institute and his labors constituted a potent force in advancing 
 agricultural interests in this part of the state and in stimulating progress through- 
 out the country. He held to the highest possible standards and believed that 
 everything should be done for the improvement of conditions and methods. 
 
 On the 25th of December, 1860, Mr. Sisson was united in marriage to Miss 
 Eliza Jane Miller, a daughter of John and Jane A. (Crane) Miller, who were 
 
; ;- \ HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY .yv - 95 
 
 residents of Chicago. In fact her father was one of the honored pioneers of 
 that city, having served as one of the first trustees when Chicago was a village. 
 The family have a facsimile of the resolutions adopted at that meeting. Mr. 
 Miller had previously been engaged in business in La Porte, Indiana, and re- 
 moved thence to Chicago where he acted as overseer in the building of houses. 
 He made his home there from 1845 until three years before his death, which 
 occurred in 1858, in Galesburg, Illinois. In the family of Mr. and Mrs. Sisson 
 are six children, as follows: Mrs. W. H. Cooper, of Denver, Colorado; Mrs. 
 William J. Pringle, of Chicago ; Mrs. A. H. Stephens, residing in New York city ; 
 Mrs. E. P. Robson, of Wataga, Illinois; and Mrs. E. R. Everett and Miss 
 Anna Sisson, of Galesburg. 
 
 Mr. Sisson was ever a great reader and kept well informed on the ques- 
 tions and issues of the day and on all the topics of general interest. He was 
 familiar with the history of his country and its politics and also thoroughly 
 informed concerning the history of Illinois. At the time of his death he was 
 the president of the Old Settlers Association of Knox county and not only was 
 a witness of the important events which have here occurred but was an active 
 participant in many. He long attended the Presbyterian church and possessed 
 a nature free from dishonesty and equally free from ostentation and display. 
 He was a lover of home and friends and it would be difficult to find one who 
 had more warm friends in Knox county than Henry M. Sisson. His death 
 occurred on the 29th of May, 1905. His life had been a useful one, well spent and 
 fruitful of good results. He not only made continuous advancement himself 
 but stimulated and inspired the progress of others and was particularly well 
 known throughout the country in connection with stock-raising interests. No 
 history of Knox county would be complete without a record of his life which 
 constitutes a creditable chapter in the annals of this section. . : v ;../.. 
 
 ' '' ; / ^.C'V; JOHN Z. CARNS. ::-;:^'-- / --/::"-': '-^- -I':'.'' - 
 
 "^A^..^:-'v-.::- ::^V:V->^":.. . ;v:;v'>v;^-;>v.:'/ 
 John Z. Cams, who for the past eleven years has been president of the 
 Farmers' National Bank of Knoxville, has spent the entire period of his busi- 
 ness career in this institution, where he was first employed in the capacity of 
 assistant cashier. His birth occurred in Knoxville on September 8, 1858, and 
 he is the only child born of the marriage of John W. and Sarah (Zook) Cams. 
 The father was born in Staunton, Augusta county, Virginia, on the 22d of May, 
 1808, and there he lived until he wa's eight years of age. Jacksonville, Illinois, 
 became his home in i8i6, and there he completed his schooling and learned the 
 tailor's trade, which he followed for some years. In 1836 he left Jacksonville 
 and came to Knoxville where he became associated with John Eads in establish- 
 ing a grocery and dry-goods store. This undertaking proved to be very success- 
 ful and they later extended the scope of their activities by opening a clothing 
 store. Their eflforts met with increasing prosperity and Mr. Cams became one 
 of the substantial citizens of the town. He was a man of unusual energy and 
 ambition and continued to be identified with the commercial activities of Knox- 
 ville until 1879, when he retired. Mr. Cams was twice married, his first union 
 
96 ; HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY ".i .; V 
 
 having been with Miss Eleanor York, to whom he was united on October 8, 
 1834. She was born in Kentucky on the 28th of July, 1817, and passed away in 
 Knoxville, on August 8, 1851. Unto them were born three children, two of 
 whom are still living : Mary, the wife of John Brewer, of Monmouth ; and Sarah 
 Elizabeth, the widow of O. N. Barnhart, also of Monmouth. On the 7th of 
 September, 1857, Mr. Cams was married to Miss Sarah Zook, who was born in 
 Franklin county, Pennsylvania, on the 6th of March, 1819. 
 
 After the completion of his preliminary education John Z. Cams entered 
 Knox College, at Galesburg. At the age of twenty-seven years, in 1885, he 
 began his business career, and entered the bank, with which he has ever since 
 been identified, in the capacity of assistant cashier. He attentively applied him- 
 self to the thorough mastery of his various duties, at the same time acquiring 
 a broader knowledge of finance, thus qualifying himself for the responsibilities 
 of a higher position. In 1887 he was promoted to the office of cashier in which 
 he continued until 1899 when he was elected president. During the long period 
 of his connection with the banking interests of Knox county, Mr. Cams has 
 proven himself to be unusually well qualified for the position he now holds. 
 His clear judgment, foresight and conservative policy well adapt him for the 
 head of a financial institution, and the Farmers' National Bank of Knoxville is 
 one of the strongest and best established banks of the county. 
 
 In Knoxville on September lo, 1890, was celebrated the marriage of Mr. 
 Cams and Miss Nellie Pierce. She is a daughter of Charles A. and Ellen P, 
 Pierce. The father, who was a native of the state of New York, is now de- 
 ceased, but the mother is still living. To Mr. and Mrs. Cams there has been 
 born one daughter, Marie, whose birth occurred on October 26, 1892. 
 
 His political allegiance Mr. Cams gives to the republican party and the past 
 twenty-five years he has been a member of the local school board, and he has 
 also served in the capacity of city treasurer. He is one of the more progressive 
 citizens of the town, and is always ready to give his cooperation or indorsement 
 to any movement that is inaugurated for the purpose of promoting the com-, 
 munity welfare, along all lines of general interest. ; .. ..:; 
 
 V JOHN COOKE. M:.; :: ; 
 
 At the age of seventy-seven years John Cooke is still full of active interest C 
 
 in his work, being absorbed in the varied duties and responsibilities which devolve ; 
 
 upon him in his capacity as superintendent of the Knox County Almshouse, at v 
 Knoxville. Bom in Fayette county, Pennsylvania. December ii, 1834, he is 
 
 a son of Thomas and Eliza A. (Frazier) Cooke, both of whom were natives of '' 
 
 Pennsylvania. The father was a miller by occupation and operated a mill in :.- 
 
 Fayette county for many years, continuing in this employment until his death. > 
 
 The family consisted of two sons and one daughter, of whom John Cooke is the '; 
 
 only one now surviving. His sister died when she was thirteen months old and , 
 
 his brother, Frazier L. Cooke, passed away at the age of twenty-two years. v 
 
 John Cooke obtained his education in the common schools of Fayette county, '. 
 
 Pennsylvania, and when a young man learned the miller's trade, which he fol- :': 
 
96 HISTORY OF KXOX COUNTY 
 
 having been with ^liss Eleanor York, to \vhom he was united on October 8, 
 1834. She was born in Kentucky on the 28th of July, 1817, and passed away in 
 Knoxville, on August 8, 1851. Unto them were born three children, two of 
 whom are still living: !Mary, the wife of John Brewer, of Monmouth; and Sarah 
 Elizabeth, the widow of O. N. Barnhart, also of Monmouth. On the 7th of 
 September, 1857, Mr. Cams was married to Miss Sarah Zook, who was born in 
 Franklin county, Pennsylvania, on the 6th of March, 1819. 
 
 After the completion of his preliminary education John Z. Cams entered 
 Knox College, at Galesburg. At the age of twenty-seven years, in 1885, he 
 began his business career, and entered the bank, with which he has ever since 
 been identified, in the capacity of assistant cashier. He attentively applied him- 
 self to the thorough mastery of his various duties, at the same time acquiring 
 a broader knowledge of finance, thus qualifying himself for the responsibilities 
 of a higher position. In 1887 he was promoted to the office of cashier in which 
 he continued until 1899 when he was elected president. During the long period 
 of his connection with the banking interests of Knox county, Mr. Cams has 
 proven himself to be unusually well qualified for the position he now holds. 
 His clear judgment, foresight and conservative policy well adapt him for the 
 head of a financial institution, and the Farmers' National Bank of Knoxville is 
 one of the strongest and best established banks of the county. 
 
 In Knoxville on September lO, 1890, was celebrated the marriage of Mr. 
 Cams and Miss Nellie Pierce. She is a daughter of Charles A. and Ellen P. 
 Pierce. The father, who was a native of the state of New York, is now de- 
 ceased, but the mother is still living. To Mr. and Mrs. Cams there has been 
 born one daughter, !Marie, whose birth occurred on October 26, 1892. 
 
 His political allegiance ^Ir. Cams gives to the republican party and the past 
 twentv-tive vears he has lx;en a member of the local school board, and he has 
 
 > ' 
 
 also served in the capacity of city treasurer. He is one of the more progressive 
 citizens of tlie touii. and is always ready In give his ccjoporation or indorsement 
 to any movement that is inaugurated for the purpose of promoting the com- 
 munity welfare, along all lines of general interest. 
 
 JOHN COOKE. ' : 
 
 At the age of seventy-seven years John Cooke is still full of active intercut 
 in his work, being absorbed in the varied duties and responsibilities which devolve 
 upon him in his capacity as superintendent of the Knox Countv . \lmshouse, at 
 Knoxville. r.orn in Fayettc county, Pennsylvania, December ii, 1834, he is 
 a son of Thomas and Eliza A. (Fraxicr) Cooko, both of whom we're natives of 
 Pennsylvania. 1 he father was a miller by occupation and operated a mill in 
 Fayette county for many years, continuing in this employment until his death. 
 The family consisted of two sons and one daughter, of whom John Cooke is the 
 only one now surviving. His sister died when she was thirteen months old and 
 his brother, Frazier L. Cooke, passed away at the age of twenty-two years. 
 
 John Cooke obtained his education in the common schools of Fayette county, 
 Pennsylvania, and when a young man learned the miller's trade, which he fol- 
 
/^ :v; HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY ' .ty . . 99 
 
 lowed in Pennsylvania until 1866. In that year he came to Knox county, Illinois," 
 and engaged in farming, continuing in this pursuit until 1892, never residing 
 more than two miles from Knoxville. He then retired, having received the 
 appointment to the position of superintendent of the Knox County Almshouse 
 on December i, 1891, and has served in this capacity since that time. He is well 
 fitted for this place, being ever merciful and possessing the utmost sympathy 
 for those who have been less kindly dealt with by fortune, and is regarded with 
 sincere loyalty by those who have come to find a home within his gates. 
 
 On October 2, 1856, the marriage of Mr. Cooke and Miss Martha M. Forrey 
 was solemnized. She was born in Pennsylvania on January 17, 1836, a daughter 
 of Daniel and Mary (Lenhart) Forrey, both of whom were natives of Pennsyl- 
 vania. They had thirteen children, of whom Mrs. Cooke and two others are 
 now living. 
 
 Mr. and Mrs. Cooke hold membership in the Christian church, of which the 
 former has been an elder for the past thirty-five years. In his fraternal relations 
 he is connected with the Masonic brotherhood, being a member of Pacific Lodge 
 No. 66, A. F. & A. M., in which he has occupied all but one of the chairs. 
 Politically he is in sympathy with the principles of the republican party. Con- 
 scientious in the discharge of his duties, he believes and practices the Christian 
 ideal of the Brotherhood of Man and has won the respect of all who know him. . 
 
 ' : ^. FRANKLIN H. HOOKER. ' -^ :.':--^--:',-.:'' ./: 
 
 '. Franklin H. Hooker is filling the office of deputy sheriff of Knox county 
 and was formerly its sheriff. He makes his home in Galesburg at No. 337 South 
 Cherry street and is a native of the county, his birth having occurred near 
 Abingdon, May i, 1865. His parents were William Chauncey and Rowena 
 C. (Robinson) Hooker, both natives of Nicholas county. West Virginia. The 
 former was a son of John L. Hooker who was likewise born in West Virginia 
 and made the occupation of farming his life work. He came to Illinois some 
 time in the '6os but afterward removed to Kansas and passed away at Smith 
 Center that state, at an old age. His wife bore the maiden name of Nancy' 
 Bruffey and they were the parents of three sons and two daughters. William 
 C.. John H., Edward, Catharine and Elizabeth. The maternal grandfather of 
 F. H. Hooker was also a native of West Virginia and devoted his life to farming 
 and merchandising. He died in Summersville, that state, when about sixty- ' 
 five years of age. Unto him and his wife were born eight children, Benjamin 
 H., Rowena C., Betsey, Julia, Hammond, Joseph, Samuel H. and Lola. 
 
 After spending his youthful days in West Virginia William Hooker came to 
 Knox county, Illinois, about 1862, settling about two miles northwest of Abing- ' 
 don. He was a civil engineer and in this county devoted much time to inven- 
 tions, bringing out a number of useful devices while at the same time he 
 carried on his farm work. He died in Abingdon, in February. 1909. at the age 
 of sixty-seven years, and his wife still survives him. Mrs. Hooker is a mem- 
 ber of the Methodist church and is well known in her home locality. By her 
 marriage to Mr. Hooker she became the mother of four children, all now liv- 
 
100 :i HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY ;,; ' ;: t 
 
 ing: Franklin H., of this review; Marguerite, of Abingdon ; Nannie, the wife 
 of Charles A. Reynolds, of Galesburg; and John L., of Abingdon. 
 
 Franklin H. Hooker was reared in this county and has spent practically 
 his entire life in Abingdon up to the last eight years. He was a pupil in the 
 public schools there and after putting aside his text-books began work at the 
 carpenter's trade which he followed in the employ of others or as a contractor 
 for ten or twelve years. He then turned his attention to merchandising-, con- 
 ducting a grocery store in Abingdon for four years. On the expiration of that 
 period he came to Galesburg, being appointed deputy sheriff under C. F. Hur- 
 burgh, in which office he continued for four years. Later he became deputy 
 under R. G. Matthews and filled the office until the death of the latter, when 
 Mr. Hooker was elected sheriff in 1908, remaining as the incumbent of that 
 position until the fall of 1910. He then became deputy sheriff under the newly 
 elected sheriff, F. F. Seaman, and is thus numbered among Knox county's 
 office-holders of the present day. 
 
 In February. 1895, Mr. Hooker was married to Miss Nellie Foreman, 
 who was born south of Berwick in Warren county, Illinois, a daughter of Frank 
 and Mary (Levvis) Foreman. Her father was of Canadian birth and her mother 
 was born near Berwick but both are now deceased. They had two children, 
 the younger being a son, Frank L. Foreman. Mr. and Mrs. Hooker hold mem- 
 bership in the Methodist church and are loyal to its teachings. Fraternally he 
 is connected with Abingdon Lodge, No. 185, A. F. & A. M., and also with the 
 Knights of Pythias, the Benevolent Protective Order of Elks and the Modern 
 Woodmen of America. In politics he has always been a republican and years 
 ago served as city marshal of Abingdon while for two years he was collector 
 of Cedar township. He has made a creditable record in business and in office 
 and in the discharge of the duties of his present position has ever been faithful, 
 fearless and loyal, a fact which is indicated by his long connection with the 
 sheriff's office. 
 
 T JAMES WILKS. -.;:::..: 
 
 One of the enterprising men of Knox county and well known for the excellent, 
 character of his work is James Wilks, who is a painter, paper hanger and dec- 
 orator and is also proficient in the brick and stone-mason's trade. He was born 
 in Gloucestershire, England, April 17, 1845, his parents being George and Susan 
 (Aston) Wilks, natives of the same locality. His father was for many years 
 a gardener but later learned the stone-mason's trade. The mother, who was 
 skilled in the use of roots and herbs, practiced her art of medicinal cures with 
 much success throughout her life. In 1849 the family, which consisted of nine 
 children, left their home in England and crossed the Atlantic, landing in Potts- 
 ville, Pennsylvania, after a tediously drawn-out journey of sixteen weeks. They 
 remained in Pottsville for a brief period, removing thereupon to Mount Savage, 
 Maryland, where they resided for four years. In 1853 the father came to Knox 
 county, Illinois, and made a close survey of this locality with a view to settling 
 and the following year brought his family from Maryland to their new home 
 
;' : ? V "., HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY ' "-.-V^jiV 
 
 in Wataga. During their residence in that town Mr. Wilks and his two sons 
 James and Thomas went to Iowa for a time and bought a tract of land in Jas- 
 per county, where they began the development of a coal bank. Later he traded ; 
 this tract for land near Wataga and opened up the first coal bank that was ever : 
 operated in Knox county. The parents both passed away in Wataga, the father 
 in 1887 and the mother in 1879. Only four children of the family survive, of 
 whom Thomas is the eldest and possesses an interesting record of service during 
 the Civil war. He enlisted from Wataga in Company K, of the Forty-fifth 
 Illinois Volunteer Infantry, one of the leading regiments, and served all through ; , 
 the war, p>articipating in about forty engagements. Among these was the siege . . 
 of Vicksburg, in which he was one of the three that performed the daring deed 
 of carrying the torches that ignited the fuse which blew up the city. He was 
 severely wounded in this battle but continued his military' service as soon as he 
 recovered. James Wilks also has two sisters : Mrs. Elizabeth Mallin, of Gales- 
 burg; and Hattie, of Canton, Illinois. His twin brothers. Job and John, are both ! 
 deceased. 
 
 During the residence of the Wilks family in Maryland James Wilks began 
 his education in the schools of Mount Savage and after their removal to Wataga, ' 
 Illinois, completed his education. During the progress of the Civil war he 
 enlisted for one hundred days from Wataga in Company B, One Hundred and 
 thirty-eighth Illinois Volunteer Infantry and was mustered in at Quincy, but 
 not found old enough to go to the front. He reenlisted, however, and was /^ 
 mustered out at Springfield, Illinois, serving six months. At the close of the 
 war he returned to his home in Wataga and learned the stone and brick-mason's \ 
 trade, which he has followed ever since, making a specialty of building cisterns, y 
 He worked at his trade for a time in Abingdon and in Galesburg, coming to . 
 Knoxville twenty-six years ago. In addition to the trade which he originally : 
 learned, he mastered the methods employed in painting, paper-hanging and 
 decorating, evincing great skill in these allied departments of the building trade. 
 He has the distinction of being the first in Galesburg to decorate a room, having 
 f>erformed the contract for Henry Gart. . 
 
 On October 20, 1868, Mr. Wilks was united in marriage to Miss Mary Isabel 
 Laird, born in Pennsylvania in 1846. Her parents, Matthew and Isabel Laird, 
 came to Illinois in 1855, their family being the first to settle in Woodhull, where ' 
 her father followed the shoemaker's trade. Mr. and Mrs. Laird are now de- 
 ceased. To Mr. and Mrs. Wilks five children were born, four daughters and a 
 son. Charlotte is the wife of Wilson Hitchens, an engineer in the employ of 
 the Chicago, Burlington & Quincy Railroad, and resides in Manitou, Colorado. . , 
 They are the parents of two daughters and a son, Maude, Earl and Ellen. Valetta, 
 the second in order of birth in the family of Mr, and Mrs. Wilks and now de- 
 ceased, was the wife of Charles Rogers. They were the parents of three chil- 
 dren, Geneva, Charlotte and Forrest. Nellie, deceased, was the wife of Homer 
 Jones. Martha, the wife of John Schwensen, an engineer in the employ of the '- 
 Santa Fe Railroad, lives in Kansas. Fred, living in Galesburg. where he is 
 employed by the Metropolitan Life Insurance Company, is married to Catherine -' 
 Sikes and has one child, Richard. 
 
 : Mr. and Mrs. Wilks are members of the Presbyterian church, to which they 
 give their loyal and helpful support. Mr. Wilks is a member of Knoxville Post, ', , 
 
102 : HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY 
 
 No. 239, G. A. R., of Knoxville, in which he has been past lieutenant commander. 
 All those who know James Wilks and his acquaintance is a wide one hold 
 him in high esteem for his honest, upright character and his industrious mode 
 of life. He is still actively engaged in the pursuit of his calling and finds his 
 greatest joy in doing well the tasks of each passing day. 
 
 ^ ^- v:^::; DEAN C HURLBUTT. ; Ay Ov 
 
 A native of New England, Dean C. Hurlbutt inherited from his New Eng- 
 land ancestors those stern qualities of self-denial and unremitting industry which 
 seldom fail to produce success and win the rewards that belong to honest toil. 
 He is the owner of a tract of land comprising one thousand acres in Knox 
 county and lives retired at his home in West Main street, Yates City, Illinois, 
 where he devotes himself to the numerous business and financial interests which 
 claim his attention. He was born in Coos county. New Hampshire, February 
 13, 1834, a son of Asa and Mary (Jones) Hurlbutt. The father was born, in 
 1800, in Waterford, Vermont, where he received his education in the common 
 schools. He was married in New Hampshire, where Mary Jones was born in 
 1805, and lived in the east for a number of years. In 1853 he brought his fam- 
 ily to Illinois, first settling in Truro township and later in Elba township, where 
 he entered eighty acres from the government. He resided there until his death 
 at the age of sixty years, being buried in Jones cemetery in Elba township, be- 
 side his wife, who preceded him in death at the age of forty-six years. They 
 were the parents of twelve children, of whom all have died except Dean C. 
 Hurlbutt and his sister, Mrs. Sarah E. Griffin, who resides in Linn county, 
 Missouri. Mr. Asa Hurlbutt was a republican in politics but never sought for 
 the honors of office. He and his family belonged to the Methodist Episcopal 
 church. 
 
 Dean C. Hurlbutt was educated in the public schools of New Hampshire and 
 early in life was trained in agricultural duties. He accompanied the family 
 when his father came to Knox county, in 1853, and two years after engaged in 
 farming for himself. He began by renting a piece of land for a year and then 
 bought eighty acres on section 6 in Elba township, where he pursued general 
 farming and the breeding of blooded stock. He improved the place greatly and 
 erected two separate sets of buildings, but after some time removed to a farm 
 which he bought on section 17 in Elba township, continuing his labors in the 
 fields until 1907, when he retired and took up his residence in Yates City. He 
 is by no means idle, however, since he is a director of the Farmer's Telephone 
 Exchange of Yates City, the president of the company being O. B. West, the 
 secretary and treasurer, William Faulds, and the manager, Fred Conover. It 
 is a thriving company having installed thus far one hundred and twenty-five 
 telephones in local homes and business places, and offers connected service with 
 the Galesburg Union Telephone Company. . <. 
 
 In 1855 Mr. Hurlbutt was united in marriage to Mrs. Elizabeth Ann (Lam- 
 bert) Butts, a native of Indiana. She was a daughter of Isaac Lambert and 
 the widow of Stuart Butts, by whom she had two children, Alvertis and Stuart 
 
102 HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY 
 
 Xo. 239, C;. A. R.. of Knoxvillc, in \vhich lie has been past lieutenant commander. 
 All those \vho know James \\'ilks and his aajuaintance is a wide one hold 
 him in high esteem for his honest. u]5right character and his intlustrious mode 
 of life. He is still actively engaged in the pursuit of his calling and finds his 
 greatest j<\v in doing well the tasks of each passing day. 
 
 DEAX C. HURLBUTT. 
 
 A native of Xew England, Dean C. Hurlbutt inherited from his X'ew Eng- 
 land ancestors those stem qualities of self-denial and unremitting industry which 
 seldom fail to produce success and win the rewards that belong to honest toil. 
 He is the owner of a tract of land comprising one thousand acres in Knox 
 county and lives retired at liis home in West Main street, Yates City, Illinois, 
 where he devotes himself to the numerous business and financial interests which 
 claim his attention. Tie was born in Coos county. Xew Hampshire. February 
 13. 1834. a son of Asa and Mary (Jones) Hurlbutt. The father was born, in 
 1800. in Waterford. \'ermont. where he received his education in the common 
 schocjls. lie was married in X'ew Hampshire, where Mary Jones was bom in 
 1805. and lived in the east for a number of years. In 1853 he brought his fam- 
 ily to Illinois, first settling in Truro townshi]) and later in Elba township, where 
 he entered eighty acres from the government. He resided there until his death 
 at the age of sixty years, being buried in Jones cemetery in Elba township, lie- 
 side his wife, who preceded him in death at the age of forty-six years. They 
 were the parents of twelve children, of whom all have died except Dean C. 
 I lurlbutt and his sister, Mrs. Sarah E. Griffin, who resides in Linn county, 
 Missouri. .Mr. .\sa Hurlbutt was a rejiublican in politics but never sought for 
 the honors of office. He and his family belonged to the ^Methodist Episcopal 
 church. 
 
 Dean C. Hurlbutt was educated in the public schools of Xew Hampshire and 
 early in life was trained in agricultural duties. He accomjjanied the family 
 when his father came to Knox county, in 1853, and two years after engaged in 
 farming for himself. He began by renting a ])iece of land for a year and then 
 bought eighty acres on section 6 in Elba township, where he pursued general 
 farming and the breeding of blooded stock. 1 le improved the place greatly and 
 erected two separate sets of l)uildings. but after some time removed to a farm 
 which he bought on section 17 in Elba township, continuing his labors in the 
 fields until 1907. when he retired and took u]) his residence in Yates City. He 
 is by no means idle, however, since he is a director of the Farmer's Telephone 
 Exchange of Yates City, the president of the company being O. 15. West, the 
 secretary and treasurer. \\'illiam I'aulds. and the manager. Fred Conover. It 
 is a thriving comi)any having installed thus far one hundred and twenty-five 
 telephones in local homes and business places, and offers connected sen'ice with 
 the Galesburg L'nion Telepbone Company. 
 
 In 1855 ]\rr. Hurlbutt was united in marriage to Mrs. Elizabeth .A.nn (Lam- 
 bert) Butts, a native of Indiana. She was a daughter of Isaac Lambert and 
 the widow of Stuart Butts, by whom she had two children, Alvertis and Stuart 
 
V^ : HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY ^'.i;^- -7;?;:;? i: 
 
 M. Butts. Two children were born to Mr. and Mrs. Hurlbutt, but both are 
 deceased. Mary, the older, became the wife of Guy Davis and had one son, 
 Roy, and the younger, Julia A., was not married. Roy Davis, the grandson of 
 Mr. Hurlbutt, and his namesake. Dean C. Hurlbutt, a nephew, were brought 
 up by Mr. and Mrs. Hurlbutt and are now engaged in operating the home place, 
 Roy Davis married Miss Eva Green and they have one child, Guy. Dean C. 
 Hurlbutt, Jr., married Miss Percie Caldwell and they have two children. Dean 
 C. and George S. His first wife having passed away. Dean C. Hurlbutt, our 
 subject, was married, in 1907, to Mrs. Janet Pulver, a daughter of George Doty. 
 Mrs. Hurlbutt was the mother of six children by her first marriage, namely, 
 Chester H., Dora, Amy, Martha, Nettie and Bert Pulver. 
 
 Mr. Hurlbutt uses his ballot in support of the republican party. He is an 
 energetic business man and in his dealings with others has gained an enviable 
 reputation for being sincere and loyal to his friends. . : : ,' : . 
 
 : ; - r . FORREST F. COOKE. :,: ; ^V > , ; V 
 
 Forrest F. Cooke, for thirty-nine years identified with the legal fraternity o{ 
 Galesburg, was born in Plainfield, New Jersey, on the 4th of February, 1848. 
 He is a son of the late Milo D. and Betsey B. (Smith) Cooke, natives of \'er- 
 mont, where they were reared and married. The father's birth occurred in 
 Cornwall, Addison county, on the 2ist of June, 1819, and the mother's in the 
 village of Monkton, that county, in 1824. They were married in 1846 and sub- 
 sequently located in Plainfield, where the father, who was a lawyer, engaged in 
 teaching until 1853. In the latter year together with his wife and family he 
 came to Knox county, locating in Henderson. There he continued to teach for 
 three years, then came to Galesburg. The following year, in 1857, he was made 
 police magistrate at the first election held after the adoption of the city charter. 
 He discharged the duties of this office with rare efficiency as is manifested by 
 the length of his term, which was terminated by his death, on the I2th of May, 
 1889. Local politics always engaged much of his attention, and he was called 
 to fill various public offices. His support was always given to the men and 
 measures of the republican party, and for many years he served on the school 
 board and also as a supervisor. The mother is still living and continues to make 
 her home in Galesburg. She has always been an earnest Christian and holds 
 membership in the Congregational church. ;;;';;;.! . :^. :;,:.;' '^vv^ ;. 
 
 Forrest F. Cooke, who is the only child of his parents, was a lad of eight 
 years when the family took up their residence in Galesburg. His early educa- 
 tion was obtained in the public schools of this city, and in 1863 he entered Lom- 
 bard University, where he remained until April of the following year. He then 
 laid aside his text-books and responded to his country's call by enlisting as a 
 private in Company D, One Hundred and Thirty-ninth Illinois Volunteer In- 
 fantry. He remained at the front for a year, being mustered out at Peoria. this 
 state. Upon his return he resumed his studies, and in 1866 enrolled in Knox 
 College, being graduated with the class of 1870. He then entered the office of 
 Judge Lamphere and O. F. Price of this city, and for two years g^ve his im- 
 
106 HISTORY OF KNOX COUl^TY ^;f / < 
 
 divided attention to the study of law. In 1872 he was admitted to the bar, and 
 immediately thereafter established an office here, that he has ever since main- 
 tained. He is recognized as one of the most capable attorneys of Knox county, 
 and during the long period of his connection with the profession has succeeded 
 in building up a lucrative practice. Among his clients are represented many of 
 the foremost business men and heads of some of the leading industries in the 
 city. His conscientious devotion to the best interests of his clients, has won 
 for him a reputation for trustworthiness and reliability, that has in all prob- 
 ability been his greatest asset. He has always been a close student and being 
 the fortunate possessor of a wonderful memory is considered to be one of the 
 best informed general practitioners in the local courts. > ' - . |.,. : - : 
 
 On the I7th of March, 1875, was celebrated the marriage of Forrest F. 
 Cooke and Miss Sarah Louise Collins, a daughter of Bryan and Elizabeth Col- 
 lins, of Ogdensburg, New York. Three children were born unto Mr. and Mrs. 
 Cooke : Florence A., the widow of Charles Morenhaut. of Chicago ; Chauncey 
 L., who is a resident of Seattle; and Bessie, the wife of Frank Wentworth, of 
 Chicago. Mrs. Cooke passed away on the I3th of October, 1908, at the age of 
 fifty-seven years, her birth having occurred in Lewis county. New York, in 
 1851. On November 28, 1911, Mr. Cooke was married to Ella Tully, of Iowa 
 Falls, Iowa. 
 
 Fraternally Mr. Cooke is an honored member of Post No. 45, G. A. R. ; and 
 he is also affiliated with the Benevolent Protective Order of Elks. In his political 
 views he has ever been a stanch republican, and takes an active interest in all 
 municipal questions. He was president of the board of education for six years 
 and has served three terms as mayor of Galesburg, and for the past sixteen 
 years he has been a member of the state board of education. Mr. Cooke is a 
 man of high ideals and worthy motives, who always strives to fulfill his duties 
 of citizenship by advancing the best interests of the community. 
 
 S' ; REV. NORMAN TAYLOR ALLEN. 
 
 No history of Knox county would be complete without reference to Rev. 
 Norman Taylor Allen, who has been a lifelong resident of this section of the . 
 state and is numbered among the native sons of Galesburg. Early consecrating v 
 his life to church work, he has been an active force in the moral development . 
 of central Illinois and his example no less than his precepts has been a factor 
 in the moral growth of the community. He is a man of scholarly attainment, , 
 because of wide reading and study, and he has ever kept in close touch with the 
 discussion of the themes, that have ever been regarded as of vital interest in t 
 greater development and in the progress of civilization. " 
 
 He was born in Galesburg, August 15, 1844, and is a representative of one - 
 of the old New England families. His paternal grandfather, Chester E. Allen, v 
 was born in Hartford or New Haven, Connecticut, and was a tailor by trade. 
 He removed westward in 1855, settling in Knox county, Illinois, but was not 
 long permitted to enjoy his new home for his death occurred March 4, 1859, ;-;. 
 when he was seventy-six years of age. His wife, who bore the maiden name : 
 
V' ' ' - ' , HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY ': -^ ^^i^] 107 
 
 of Eunice Curtis, survived him for a short period. They reared quite a large 
 family, the order of their births being as follows: Juliette, who died when 
 eighteen years of age ; Sheldon W. ; Algenia ; Adaline ; Amanda ; Homer J. ; 
 Sophia, who died when four or five years of age ; Mary ; and Asahel. 
 
 Of this family Sheldon W. Allen was born in the state of New York and 
 was indebted to its public school system for the educational opportunities he 
 received. He was married there on the 2Oth of January, 1835, to Miss Fidelia 
 Leach, who was born in New York as was her father. Daniel Leach. Mr. and 
 Mrs. Sheldon Allen began their domestic life in the Empire state but came to 
 Galesburg with "the colony" in 1837, arriving here on the 2Oth of June. They 
 went to Log City where Mr. Allen built a log cabin, a part of the colony having 
 located there the previous year. He erected a double cabin and occupied it for 
 exactly three years, when he removed to a new home on Mulberry street in 
 Galesburg, where he continued to reside until his death. He lived to see notable 
 changes in the county, owing to the transformation brought about through the 
 earnest efforts and business activity of its progressive citizens. In the early 
 days he^ hauled grain to Chicago by wagon and brought back provisions, sleeping 
 under the wagon as he could not afford to pay hotel bills. There were no rail- 
 roads at that day and to a large extent the prairies were wild land, especially in 
 the more northerly parts of the state. All the conditions of pioneer life were to 
 be met with and Mr. Allen, as did other early settlers, shared in the hardships 
 and trials of establishing a home on the frontier. He passed away January i8, 
 1893, ^t the age of eighty-five years, being not only one of the most venerable 
 citizens but also one of the oldest in years of continuous connection with Knox 
 county. He was a strong abolitionist in the early days and made his home a 
 station of the underground railroad, assisting many poor slaves on their way to 
 freedom in the north. His wife had died of typhoid fever in 1855, when forty- 
 three years of age. They were the parents of seven sons and a daughter : James 
 S., who is living on East South street in Galesburg; Sheldon O., who died in 
 1902; Albert H., whose home is at No. 109 Aliens avenue, Galesburg; Henry 
 Alonzo, also of this city; Norman T., who makes his home at 216 Aliens avenue; 
 Chester E., of 704 Mulberry street, Galesburg; Mary Fidelia, deceased, who 
 was the wife of John H. WyckofF, of Canton, Illinois; and Dr. John S. AUen, 
 of Keithsburg, Illinois. v.-Vv - :\v;t:^.' :' ;^-; . :X 
 
 Spending his youthful days in his native city. Rev. Norman T. Allen attended 
 the public schools and also Knox College. Having determined to devote his 
 life to the ministry, he then entered the Garrett Biblical Institute at Evanston 
 and afterward joined the Central Illinois conference in 1869. His first appoint- 
 ment was as pastor of the Methodist church at Summit, now Douglas, Illinois, 
 and therefrom he went to Biggsville. He also spent two years in pastoral work 
 at Wataga and for three years was the Methodist minister at Roseville. For 
 the past thirty years he has been the publisher of the Conference Minutes, a 
 work of which he is justly proud ; the publication appears once a year and is 
 considered unexcelled as a work of that character. He has ever been most 
 zealous in his advocacy of his church and in his support of all of the branches 
 of its work, and his labors have been far reaching and beneficial as factors in 
 its upbuilding. -.'/:': -'/'^^ "-.;'' ^'vi-^^' ':v'4;'-vV^.: .^'.- :;''' "^ '?-'' '''^'''-':-'-'""v- 
 
HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY . :::^ -; 
 
 - . On the 26th of May, 1867, Rev. Allen was married to Miss Amelia Kent, 
 who was born in Java, New York, the adopted daughter of Rev. L. B. Kent, 
 who was a worthy and honored Methodist minister. After a life of great use- 
 fulness he passed away. May 24. 1911. Five children have been born unto Mr. 
 and Mrs. Allen, of whom the eldest, Willie Robinson, died at the age of eighteen 
 months, while a daughter, Adah Elizabeth, passed away at the age of sixteen 
 years. The others are Eva Amelia, Norman Gumming and Grace Fidelia. Eva 
 A. is now the wife of Dr. A. N. Hughes, a veterinary surgeon of Peoria, and 
 they have one daughter, Ruth Alberta. Norman G. Allen is train master of the 
 Galesburg-Ottumwa division of the Ghicago, Burlington & Quincy with head- 
 quarters at Burlington, Iowa. He married Miss Anna Ersfeldt and they have 
 two children, Norman Anthony and Adah Louise. Grace Fidelia is the wife of 
 Harry Dale Weaver and they reside in Galesburg, and have one child, Allen Dale. 
 Mr. and Mrs. Allen are members of the Methodist church as are also all of 
 their children, and his parents were members of the old First church of this 
 city. They were a very religious people, unfaltering in their devotion to the 
 principles in which they believed and their teachings still remain as an ever 
 growing influence for good in the world. Rev. Allen of this review is also 
 prominent in the Independent Order of Odd Fellows and at one time was grand 
 chaplain of the grand lodge of Illinois. For many years he was also active in 
 the Good Templars and for two years served as its grand counselor. He votes 
 with the republican party but is a strong prohibitionist in sentiment and has 
 always done everything in his power, to advance the cause of temperance and 
 to bring people to a knowledge of the baneful influence brought about through 
 the use of intoxicants. For sixteen years he has filled the office of justice of the 
 peace, rendering decisions that are strictly fair and impartial and thus "winning 
 golden honors from all sorts of people." For one term he was poormaster of 
 Galesburg. In 1910 he was elected to the presidency of the Old Settlers' Asso- 
 ciation, which has been organized for about fifty years, and was reelected in 
 1911. For more than two- thirds of a century he has lived in Knox county and 
 has been an interested witness of its growth and progress, his labors contributing 
 in substantial measure to its moral development. All who know him, and his 
 friends are many, speak of him as a man of kindly spirit, of charitable disposi- 
 tion and of high ideals. He is ever ready to extend a helping hand to a fellow 
 traveler on life's journey and the worth of his work in the world is widely 
 acknowledged. ' : v ;s - .; . :v ^ ; 
 
 /::.;::-;:.;;;.,... . CHESTER E. ALLEN. ;;>.-:;^.;-;K ;.;,;; 
 
 Among the men whose capably managed business interests have brought 
 to them a substantial measure of success, enabling them now to live retired, 
 is numbered Chester E. Allen, of Galesburg, who is a representative of one 
 of the oldest pioneer families of Knox county. He was born in this city, 
 February 8, 1846, his parents being Sheldon W. and Fidelia (Leach) Allen, 
 both of whom were natives of New York. His paternal grandfather, Chester 
 E. Allen, was bom in Hartford or New Haven, Connecticut, and was a tailor 
 
;-^.;-.V. ; -V :v - ,i.: HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY ^:^<^:l'>:. 109 
 
 by trade. He removed westward in 1855, settling in Knox county, Illinois, 
 but was not long permitted to enjoy his new home for his death occurred 
 March 4, 1859, when he was seventy-six years of age. His wife, who bore 
 the maiden name of Eunice Curtis, survived him for a short period. They 
 reared quite a large family, the order of their births being as follows : Juliette, 
 who died when eighteen years of age ; Sheldon W. ; Algenia ; Adaline ; Amanda ; 
 Homer J. ; Sophia, who died when four or five years of age ; Mary ; and Asahel. 
 Of this family Sheldon W. Allen was born in the state of New York and was in- 
 debted to its public-school system for the educational opportunities he received. 
 He was married there on the 2Oth of January, 1835, to Miss Fidelia Leach, who 
 was born in New York as was her father, Daniel Leach. Mr. and Mrs. Sheldon 
 Allen began their domestic life in the Empire state, but came to Galesburg with 
 "the colony" in 1837, arriving here on the 2Oth of June. They went to Log City 
 where Mr. Allen built a log cabin, a part of the colony having located there 
 the previous year. He erected a double cabin and occupied it for exactly 
 three years, when he removed to a new home on Mulberry street in Gales- 
 burg, where he continued to reside until his death. He lived to see notable 
 changes in the county owing to the transformation brought about through 
 the earnest efforts and business activity of its progressive citizens. In the early 
 days he hauled grain to Chicago by wagon and brought back provisions, sleep- 
 ing under the wagon as he could not afford to pay hotel bills. There were no 
 railroads at that day and to a large extent the prairies were uncultivated, 
 especially in the more northerly parts of the state. All the conditions of 
 pioneer life were to be met with and Mr. Allen, as did other early settlers, 
 shared in the hardships and trials of establishing a home on the frontier. He 
 passed away January i8, 1893, at the age of eighty-five years, being not only 
 one of the most venerable citizens, but also one of the oldest in years of con- 
 tinuous connection with Knox county. His wife had died of typhoid fever in 
 1855, when forty-three years of age. They were the parents of seven sons 
 and a daughter: James S., who is living on East South street in Galesburg; 
 Sheldon O., who died in 1902 ; Albert H., whose home is at No. 109 Aliens 
 avenue, Galesburg; Henry Alonzo, also of this city; Norrtia T., a Methodist 
 minister residing at 704 Mulberry street, Galesburg; Chester E., of this review; 
 Mary Fidelia, deceased, who was the wife of John H. Wyckoff, of Canton, 
 Illinois; and Dr. John S. Allen, of Keithsburg, Illinois. 
 
 The youthful days of Chester E. Allen were passed in Galesburg where 
 the work of the public schools and the pleasures of the playground occupied 
 his attention and when he had put aside his text-books to master the more 
 difficult lessons of the school of experience, he began learning the harness- 
 maker's trade, which, however, he later abandoned to engage in the butcher- 
 ing business in connection with his brothers, James, Albert and Henry, con- 
 ducting a market for a number of years. It- is a brief period and without any 
 spectacular phases, but those who read between the lines must know that the 
 business was carefully, systematically and wisely conducted and that honor- 
 able dealing as well as unfaltering enterprise secured for them the large trade 
 that in time made them well-to-do citizens of this section of the state. Since 
 withdrawing from active connection with the butchering business Chester E. 
 Allen has lived retired, enjoying in well earned rest the fruits of his former. 
 
 toil. ,....,. ... . ...... ......... .. .. .,. , . .- .... . .. . /: 
 
110 s HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY .1 
 
 On the 27th of February, 1868, Mr. Allen was united in marriage to Miss 
 Anna Fleming, who was born on Staten Island, New York. Unto this mar- 
 fiage has been born a daughter, Blanche, who became the wife of J. B. Hutch- 
 inson and died six weeks after the birth of their only child, Chester B. Hutch- 
 inson. Mrs. Allen passed away on May lo, 1900, at the age of forty-nine 
 years, and her loss was as deeply regretted by many friends as by her imme- 
 diate family. She held membership in the Universalist church and displayed 
 many admirable traits of character that endeared her to all with whom she 
 came in contact. Mr. Allen affiliates with the Universalist church and his 
 political faith is that of the republican party. He has a right to wear the 
 Grand Army button, for during the last year of the war, then a lad of eighteen 
 years, he ran away from home and enlisted for service in the Union army as 
 a member of Company D, One Hundred and Thirty-ninth Volunteer Infantry. 
 He was a private and served for five and a half months, being mustered out 
 at Peoria after the close of hostilities. His fraternal relations are with the 
 Masonic Order, his membership being in Alpha Lodge, No. 155, A. F. & 
 A. M.; Galesburg Chapter, No. 46, R. A. M. ; Galesburg Commandery, No. 8, 
 K. T. ; Illinois Council, No! i, R. & .S. M. ; Peoria Consistory, A. A. S. R. ; 
 and Mohammed Temple, A. A. O. N. M. S. Upon him has also been con- 
 ferred the honorary thirty-third degree and he is one of the best known 
 Masons in this state and the only man from Knox county who ever received 
 the thirty-third degree in Masonry, having long taken an active and helpful 
 part in the work of the order, while in his life he has exemplified the benefi- 
 cent principles upon which the fraternity rests. His long residence in Knox 
 county has made him widely known and he has a circle of friends almost co- 
 extensive with the circle of his acquaintance. 
 
 JOHN HENRY LEWIS. 
 
 John Henry Lewis is an excellent example of the successful man of well 
 
 : balanced mind, who has pursued the path that leads to fortune and to fame. 
 
 He has been a prominent citizen of Knox county for many years, residing in 
 
 the city of Knoxville. A native of the state of New York, he was born in 
 
 Tompkins county, July 21, 1830. His ancestry reaches back to the period when 
 
 the times and events "tried men's souls." The name Lewis will ever be illustrious 
 
 in the annals of American history. That charter of American liberty, the 
 
 Declaration of Independence, was signed by -Francis Lewis, from whom John 
 
 Henry Lewis is descended. Francis Lewis was a native of Landaff, in the shire 
 
 of Glamorgan, South Wales, and was born in March, 1713. The father was a 
 
 clerg>-man and his mother the daughter of a clergyman, the Rev. Dr. Pettingal, 
 
 - who had charge of a parish in North Wales. Francis Lewis was an only child 
 
 and was left an orphan when but five years old. He was left to the care of a 
 
 ' . maternal aunt and was sent to the Westminster School in London, where he soon 
 
 ' became a thorough classical scholar. In the spring of 1735, when only twenty- 
 
 one years of age, he came to New York with merchandise which he had pur- 
 
 :V chased with his small fortune. His partner was Edward Annesly. Francis 
 
HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY ; .V "v 113 
 
 Lewis took a portion of the goods to Philadelphia, where he remained two years. : 
 He then returned to New York and married Elizabeth Annesly, his partner's 
 sister. When the Continental Congress met in Philadelphia he was unanimously 
 elected a member on April 22, 1775, and continued to hold the office until 1779. 
 He was an uncompromising advocate of liberty and was one of the first to 
 declare that the colonies could not live under the domination of Great Britain. 
 For the cause of freedom and the inalienable rights of the colonies he spent his 
 fortune and died poor in 1803, at the advanced age of ninety. 
 
 Henry Lewis, the father of John Henry Lewis, was a native of New Jersey, 
 bom in Sussex county, October 6, 1796. His kinsman. General Morgan Lewis, 
 whose wife was of the noted Livingston family, was once its governor. The 
 wife of Henry Lewis was Permelia M. Shaver, a native of New York state. 
 They were married July 8, 1826, and removed to Illinois in the fall of 1836 
 with their two sons, George W. and John H. The day of railroads and steam 
 had not yet dawned and they were compelled to make the trip in a two-horse 
 wagon, loaded with implements that would be of service in their new settle- 
 ment. At length after fifty-one days of extreme weariness and toil they reached 
 their journey's end, October 15, 1836. They settled in Ellisville, Fulton county, 
 where there were only a few deserted wigwams. Mr. Lewis erected the first 
 frame house in that town and it was here that the hopes and plans of the little 
 family were blasted by his death, September 25, 1837, within a year of his 
 arrival. The mother bore up as bravely as she could under her sorrow and in 
 the wilderness, without friends or home, battled nobly to sustain herself and 
 her children until they could become self-supporting. George, the eldest son, 
 left home while yet young and traveled in the eastern states and in Mexico, at 
 last settling in southern California, where he died. 
 
 John H. Lewis remained with his mother until he was eleven years of age, 
 attending school a few months each year and earning his living mostly by farm 
 work. Then a contract for his services for a period of six years was made 
 with a South Carolinan family under the following stipulations : good clothing ; 
 three months' schooling each year; a horse, saddle and bridle at the close of 
 his apprenticeship. These conditions were almost wholly neglected. For the 
 first five years he had but forty-one days' schooling, was poorly clad, was treated 
 as a menial and at meals was not allowed to sit at the table with the family. 
 His mother, learning of the situation, succeeded in removing him at once. He 
 was placed for the winter in the family of William Kent, who lived near the 
 present site of Yates City. In the spring he was employed on the farm of 
 James Kent at seven dollars a month. In the fall of 1847 he went to Knox- 
 ville, doing chores for his board in the family of Judge R. L. Hannaman. There 
 he remained for two years, enjoying at the proper season the advantages of a 
 common school. In 1849 he was employed in the store of G. M. Ewing, of 
 Knoxville, at a salary of fifty dollars a year and board. The second year his 
 salary was raised to seventy-five dollars and the third year he was offered one 
 hundred and fifty dollars but declined the offer, that he might obtain a more 
 liberal education and thus fit himself for the higher duties of citizenship. He 
 was next employed in the store of Alexander Ewing, of Knoxville, and by his 
 trustworthiness and fidelity gained the confidence of his employer. Mr. Ewing 
 
 entrusted him with a small bill of goods to sell on the road on a commission. 
 Vol. n 6 
 
114 HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY v^vvV; 
 
 Mr. Lewis had neither horse nor wagon nor money to purchase an outfit, his 
 cash capital being only twenty-two dollars, and of this twenty dollars was pai^ 
 toward a horse and harness, purchased for forty dollars, and a sixty-day note 
 for sixty dollars was given for a wagon. Thus equipped he started out on his 
 new venture and so successful was he that the amount of his profits was suffi- 
 cient to pay oflf his note before maturity. In 1852 he took a clerkship in the 
 store of a Mr. Chesney at Abingdon, with whom he remained until his employer 
 sold out in 1857. 
 
 Previously Mr. Lewis had been employed in the law office of Hannaman 
 & Hale, making out abstracts of county records. It was there that he acquired 
 a liking and taste for the law and having access to the library of A. J. King, a 
 prominent lawyer at Abingdon, he availed himself of the privilege and studied 
 at night while clerking in a dry-goods store. He was soon qualified for prac- 
 tice and was licensed by the supreme court, January lo, 1870, to practice in all 
 the courts of the state, xV . '"^'/ ? 
 
 In pxjlitics Mr. Lewis is a stalwart republican and as a member of that party 
 has held many public offices, which he has always filled with marked ability. In 
 his early years he was an abolitionist, sympathizing greatly with the colored race 
 in their enslaved condition. He became a member of the republican party at 
 its organization and voted for John C. Fremont, its first presidential nominee. 
 In the exciting campaign of 1860 Mr. Lewis was elected clerk of the circuit 
 court of Knox county, holding the office for four years. He then took a vaca- 
 tion for several months, visiting friends in the Union army. All this time his 
 interest in politics was unabated and he kept thoroughly abreast of all national 
 affairs. In 1868 he again entered the clerk's office as deputy, holding that posi- 
 tion for six years. In 1874 he was appointed one of the trustees of the Institu- 
 tion for the Education of the Blind, which office he resigned when elected to 
 the state legislature. His legislative record is highly commendable and for his 
 judicious acts and votes there he has received the encomiums of his fellow citi- 
 zens generally. One of his acts while a member of the legislature is especially 
 deserving of notice. Having examined carefully into the penal institutions of 
 the state and believing that their management was not for the good of the 
 criminal and the best interests of the state, he framed and introduced a preamble 
 and resolution that was read for information but, being objected to by a single 
 member, was not allowed to be considered. It was published in the papers 
 throughout the state and highly commended. Mr. Lewis urged that prisons, 
 in a measure, should be reformatory and that criminals as such have rights 
 which the state is bound to respect ; that those bound by the ties of consanguinity 
 and love should have a portion of the fruits of their labor. The resolution ex- 
 cited a great deal of comment and interest far and near and was probably the 
 first introduced in this state on that subject. In 1880 Mr. Lewis was elected to 
 congress by the republicans of the ninth congressional district of Illinois over 
 his opponent, John S. Lee. In 1882 he was renominated but was defeated on 
 account of his vote on the river and harbor bill. 
 
 The life of Mr. Lewis is proof of the fact that a man is the architect of his 
 own fortune. Poverty in his youth had no power to control his ambition or 
 smother his aspirations. In the distance he saw the fertile fields of promise 
 and through the open gateway he was determined to enter. By his determined 
 
'/V ;;H..^ ^:^:^^ HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY '- -'^-^J^-'::-: 116 ^^. ^^:.\.,': 
 
 resolutions he hewed his way through the wilderness of doubt and uncertainty . 
 
 and won for himself riches and honor. As a citizen he is noted for his affability ' 
 
 and urbanity of manner, for his kindness and sympathy to the unfortunate and 
 
 his charity toward all. He is bound by no creed, is a member of no church, - 
 
 but believes in the gospel of good deeds. However, when a young man he 
 
 joined the Masonic fraternity, to which he still belongs. He is also a member 
 
 of the Commercial Club of Knoxville. While serving as circuit clerk of this ': 
 
 county in the early '6os he commenced buying and selling land and has since 
 
 devoted more or less attention to the real-estate business. He is now serving 
 
 as one of the directors of the Farmers National Bank of Knoxville. - ' 
 
 In December, 1857, Mr. Lewis was married, in Abingdon, to Miss Elizabeth . ./ 
 S. Russell, a daughter of R. H. and Elizabeth Russell, of that city, who came 
 to Illinois in the fall of 1837. They were Virginians by birth and left their 
 native state on account of their hatred of slavery. To Mr. and Mrs. Lewis'; ;-;: 
 were born six children, four sons and two daughters, of whom only two are ; 
 now living, namely: Ira J., who was born August 14, 1865, and is now mar- 
 ried and living in Knoxville; and John H., who was born August 30, 1874, and 
 is also married and makes his home in Knoxville. The latter is practicing law ,.- '. . 
 in Galesburg and is master in chancery. :.>;-. t ,-.".''..:.- 
 
 ;.'-; :'.: -'"^ "':.'..::''' ;y-:-i JOHN s. 
 
 Becoming a resident of Knox county in 1853, John S. Turner has been inti-v ';' '. 
 mately associated with the development of this locality and has also been a ;- 
 witness of the interesting historical events which have occurred in Illinois since 
 the middle of the nineteenth century. He was only a boy of twelve years when 
 he heard the Lincoln-Douglas debate, but he still carries a vivid impression I 
 of that memorable incident and the exciting scenes of those stirring anti-bellum : 
 days. He was born in Chester county, Pennsylvania, August 29, 1846, his ' 
 parents being William B. and Eliza Turner, natives of Pennsylvania. The : 
 
 family is of German ancestry on the father's side and of Scotch-Irish on the 
 mother's. William B. Turner learned the shoemaker's trade in Pennsylvania ^^^^ 
 and conducted a shoemaking establishment there until he came to Illinois, in : 
 
 1853, when his son, John S. Turner, was a lad of seven years. He purchased 
 a farm in Orange township, Knox county, and operated this for many years 
 until he retired to Knoxville in order to pass the last year's of his life in a 
 peaceful manner in the enjoyment of leisure. The family consisted of ten -;' 
 children, six sons and four daughters, of whom five sons and three daughters \ 
 are now living, namely : Mrs. Katherine Keller, of Orange township this ' 
 county; Margaret, the wife of Isaac Eiker, of Orange township; Henry, who -. 
 resides in Missouri ; John S. ; William, of Macon, Missouri ; Libby and Israel 
 both of whom are deceased; Stephen, of Knox township, this county; Stella, .; 
 
 the wife of Michael Brown, of Knoxville; and Albert, who resides on the home 
 place in Orange township. 
 
 John S. Turner obtained his early education in the rural schools of Orange 
 township ; he applied himself to the carpenter's trade, first in Red Oak, Iowa, * 
 
116 
 
 HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY 
 
 where he remained until 1883, when he returned to Knoxville, where he has 
 followed his trade ever since. He has met with much success in his work as 
 a carpenter, builder and contractor and is well known throughout the county. 
 
 In 1887 occurred the marriage of Mr. Turner and Mrs. Clara Moray, a 
 native of Knox county. In politics Mr. Turner holds to the principles and 
 ideals of the democratic party. In 1864 he was elected collector of Orange 
 township, serving in this capacity for nine years. In the exercise of his calling 
 Mr. Turner has few rivals in the county, being recognized as a very thorough 
 and reliable builder and contractor by those who are best able to judge of 
 the excellent quality of his workmanship. 
 
 EVERETT E. HINCHLIFF. 
 
 Everett E. Hinchliflf, president and manager of the Hinchliff Lumber Com- 
 pany and thus actively associated with the commercial interests of Galesburg, 
 was born in Rio, this county, December 23, i88i, a son of James Edward and 
 Ida M. (Woodman) Hinchliff. The father was also a native of Rio, born on 
 the I7th of July, 1853, and the mother's birth there occurred on the 27th of 
 April, 1858. James E. Hinchliff devoted his time and energies to the occupa- 
 tion of farming until he came to Galesburg in 1890, after which he engaged in 
 the retail lumber business, opening a yard at No. 491 West Main street. He 
 was thus identified with the lumber trade of this city until his death, which 
 occurred March 28, 1909, and the record which he made in business circles was 
 an enviable and creditable one. His widow still survives him and is now living 
 on North Broad street in this city. In his political views Mr. Hinchliff was a 
 republican, always giving stalwart support to the party, and he held membership 
 in the Central Congregational church, of which he was a trustee. He took an 
 active interest in the church work and at all times was loyal in his support of 
 measures promoting material, intellectual, social and moral progress in his 
 community. It was in Rio, on the ist of January, 1880, that he wedded Ida M. 
 Woodman and they became the parents of four children, as follows : Everett 
 E., of this review ; Lulu May, at home ; Ray, associated with his brother in the 
 lumber business ; and Grace F., also at home. . ] : 
 
 In the public schools of Galesburg Everett E. Hinchliff pursued his educa- 
 tion, being a lad of nine years when the family removed from Rio to this city. 
 When his public-school course was completed, he entered Knox College and 
 was graduated with the class of 1903. Immediately afterward he began assisting 
 his father in the office and in 1906 was admitted to a partnership. The business 
 was originally conducted as a partnership concern, under the name of Conger & 
 Hinchliff, and later when James E. Hinchliff was sole proprietor his name stood 
 at the head of the business. When Everett E. Hinchliff entered the firm the 
 style of the Hinchliff Lumber Company was assumed and under that name papers 
 of incorporation were taken out in January, 1910, with E. E. H-inchliff as presi- 
 dent and manager and Ray Hinchliff as secretary and treasurer. They not only 
 carry a large stock of lumber but also lime, sand, coal and general building ma- 
 
; HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY /^/-^ :.']-, 117 
 
 terials. Their patronage is now extensive and their business methods are such 
 as will bear the closest investigation and scrutiny. 
 
 On the 1 5th of October, 1907, Mr. Hinchliff was married to Miss Nell Town- 
 send, a daughter of Leon A. Townsend. She was born at Hermon, Illinois, 
 November 21, i88i, and they now have one child, Christina Virginia, born in 
 Galesburg, October 28, 1910. The parents are members oi the Central Congre- 
 gational church, being both soloists in the quartette and are prominent socially 
 in this city, the hospitality of the best homes being freely accorded them. Mr. 
 Hinchliff votes with the republican party, finding its principles coinciding most 
 closely with his ideas of governmental policy. In his college days he became 
 a member of the Phi Delta Theta and he now belongs to the Galesburg and the 
 Soangetaha Clubs. . He is yet a young man and, possessing a spirit of enter- 
 prise and determination, is steadily working his way upward in business circles 
 and sustains the honorable record which has always been associated with the 
 name of Hinchliff since his father became a factor in the business life of 
 Galesburg. 
 
 :-^- -'- ^"' -.-^v.fv^c RAY W. HINCHLIFF. ' - . ':^;V: ;-'. :''^ V':^ ;--' 
 
 Ray W. HinchliflF, secretary and treasurer of the Hinchliff Lumber Com- 
 pahy, was born in Rio, January 5, 1887, and is a brother of Everett E. Hinchliff, 
 whose sketch is given above. To the public-school system of this city he is 
 indebted for the early educational opportunities which he enjoyed and in Knox 
 College he pursued a more advanced course, being graduated therefrom with 
 the class of 1909. He became connected with the Hinchliff Lumber Company 
 in 1910 and the two brothers are now at the head of a substantial and growing 
 business, having one of the large lumberyards of this city, while their correct 
 business methods and enterprise are factors in its continuous growth. 
 
 Ray W. Hinchliff makes his home with his mother. He belongs to the Phi 
 Delta Theta fraternity and also the Galesburg and Soangetaha Qubs. He votes 
 with the republican party and his religious faith is indicated by his membership 
 in the Central Congregational church. His social qualities render him popular 
 and he has many friends in this city, where almost his entire life has been passed. 
 
 ;:C LOUIS PALMQUIST. ' ^ 'v. .^i ^ ":-v. ;> 
 
 , ' ' *^ ;.'.' '"'.'' ^ _"''.'-* 
 
 Louis Palmquist, who was for many years a prominent furniture dealer and 
 undertaker in Knoxville, now lives retired, passing his declining years in the 
 peaceful leisure which his long continued faithful labors enable him to enjoy. 
 A native of Sweden, he was bom October 2, 1834. Of his parents, who died 
 when he was very young, he has scarcely any recollection save that his father's 
 name was Charles Palmquist and that he was a cabinetmaker by occupation. 
 Passing his childhood and youth in Sweden, he obtained his education in the 
 common schools of his native locality, leaving his home at the age of twenty-- 
 
118 : HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY /^ P ^ 
 
 three years, in order to seek the opportunities of the new world. He landed in 
 New York harbor in 1857, after having passed through the most terrifying hard- 
 ships and privations as the result of a shipwreck disaster, which occurred to 
 their vessel on approaching the coast of Newfoundland in a heavy fog. Of 
 those on board ship only the crew and five passengers of a total of sixty were 
 saved. They were picked up by a fisherman and taken to .St. Peter island, where 
 the little band of survivors was taken on board an ocean liner and carried to 
 New York. Even at this distant day it is difficult for Mr. Palmquist to con- 
 template without emotion the hair-raising incidents of that experience which 
 befell him like an evil omen foreshadowing misfortune at the outset of his 
 career. Undaunted, however, he renewed his courage and his high hopes, on 
 finding himself safe in the country of which he had dreamed, since the early days 
 of his boyhood adventures. It was as if the pages of a book were unfolded be- 
 fore him and he himself was writing upon them the record of his own life. 
 With a buoyancy of spirit which is the inalienable possession of youth, he found 
 his way from New York across the Alleghanies to Knox county, Illinois, settling 
 in Galesburg. He resided here four years, during which time he learned and 
 followed the cabinetmaker's trade, and in i86i came to Knoxville. Here he 
 engaged in the furniture and undertaking business, conducting a prosperous 
 establishment for forty-five years. He retired in 1906 and has since lived a 
 quiet life, free from responsibility. 
 
 The marriage of Mr. Palmquist and Miss Carrie Nelson, a native of Sweden, 
 was solemnized on September 29, 1860. Mrs. Palmquist's parents came to 
 America and settled near Knoxville, where her father operated a farm through- 
 out his life. They are now both deceased. In the family of Mr. and Mrs. 
 Palmquist there were eight children, of whom six are now living: Charles, 
 operating his father's farm in Cedar township, east of Abingdon ; Ada, the wife 
 of J. M. Short, of Galesburg; William; Amanda, the wife of J. T. Parmenter, 
 of Oskaloosa, Iowa; Hulda, the wife of C. C. Arms, of Knoxville; and Anna, 
 the wife of Ralph Scott, of Galesburg. Mr. Palmquist and his wife hold mem- 
 bership in the English Lutheran church. In his political faith he is a republican 
 and has served as alderman of Knoxville for two terms and also as a member 
 of the school board. He is connected with the Masonic fraternity, being a mem- 
 ber of Pacific Lodge, No. 66, A. F. & A. M. ; of Raboni Chapter, No. 95, R. 
 A. M. ; and Illinois Council, No. i, R. & S. M., being tyler in these three lodges. 
 Practically penniless at the beginning of his career, Mr, Palmquist has worked 
 himself up by steadfast application to the duties which lay within the scope of 
 his activities and has met with a deserved reward and an ample competence. 
 
 -:':',-.'' ^ ' . ,- :^'.; A.C.BURNETT. ,,.:.;;.';.;;.,.'. ^.;': 
 
 A. C. Burnett, the owner and manager of the Aqua Vitae Mineral Springs 
 of Maquon. Illinois, has been a resident of Haw Creek township, Knox county, 
 since the date of his birth, February i8, 1839. His parents were Josiah and 
 Elizabeth (Housh) Burnett, the former a native of the east, the latter of In- 
 diana. Josiah Burnett became a resident of Haw Creek township in 1835, set- 
 
HISTORY OF KXOX COUXTY 
 
 three years, in order to seek the opportunities of the new world. He landed in 
 Xew York harlxir in 1857. after having passed through the most terrifying liard- 
 ships and privations as tlie result of a shipwreck disaster, which occurred to 
 their vessel on approaching the coast of Xe\vfoundlan(l in a heavy fog. Of 
 those on board ship only the crew and five passengers of a total of sixty were 
 saved. 'I'liey were picked u]) hy a fisherman and taken to St. I'eter island, where 
 the little hand of survivors was taken on hoard an ocean liner and carried to 
 Xew ^'ork. Even at this distant day it is difficult for Mr. Palm(|uist to con- 
 template without emotion the hair-raising incidents of that ex])erience which 
 hefell him like an evil omen foreshadowing misfortune at the outset of his 
 career. I'ndaunted. however, he renewed his courage and his high hopes, on 
 finding himself safe in the country of which he had dreamed since the early days 
 of his hoyhood adventures. It was as if the pages of a hook were unfolded he- 
 fore him and he himself was writing upon them the record of his own life. 
 \\'ith a huoyancy of spirit which is the inalienahle possession of youth, he found 
 his way from X'ew York across the Alleghanies to Knox county, Illinois, settling 
 in Galeshurg. He resided here four years, during which time he learned and 
 followed the cabinetmaker's trade, and in i86i came to Knoxville, Here he 
 engaged in the furniture and undertaking business, conducting a prosperous 
 establishment for forty-five years. He retired in 1906 and has since lived a 
 quiet life, free from responsibility. 
 
 The marriage of Mr. Palmquist and Miss Carrie Xelson. a native of Sweden, 
 was solemnized on September 29. 1860. Mrs. PalnKjuist's parents came to 
 America and settled near Knoxville, where her father operated a farm through- 
 out his life. They are now both deceased. In the family of Mr. and Mrs. 
 raluKjuist there were eight children, of whom six are now living: Charles, 
 operating his father's farm in Cedar township, east of Abingdon ; Ada, the wife 
 of J. M. Short, of Galesburg; William; Amanda, the wife of J. T. Parmenter, 
 of Oskaloosa, Iowa ; Hulda. the wife of C. C. Arms, of Knoxville ; and Anna, 
 the wife of Ralph Scott, of Galesburg. Mr. Palmquist and his wife hold mem- 
 bership in the English Lutheran church. In his political faith he is a republican 
 and has served as alderman of Knoxville for two terms and also as a member 
 of the school board. He is connected with the ^Masonic fraternity, being a mem- 
 ber of Pacific Lodge. Xo. 66. A. F. & A. M. : of Raboni Chapter. Xo. 95. R. 
 A. M. ; and Illinois Council, Xo. I, R. & S. M.. being tyler in these three lodges. 
 I'raetically penniless at the beginning of his career. Mr. Palmquist has worked 
 himself up by steadfast application to the duties which lay within the scope of 
 his activities and has met with a deserved reward and an ample competence. 
 
 A. C BURXETT. ; 
 
 A. C. Burnett, the owner and manager of the Aqua \'itae Mineral Springs 
 of "Maquon. Illinois, has been a resident of Haw Creek township. Knox county. 
 since the date of his hirth. February i8. 1839. His ]iarcnts were Josiah and 
 Elizabeth (Housh) Bumett. the former a native of the east, the latter of In- 
 diana. Tosiah Burnett hecame a resident of Haw Creek township in 1835. set- 
 
;>v,,, : :^: V. ;::, HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY j - ; ? 121 
 
 tling on a farm of one hundred and sixty acres on sections 29 and 30. He cleared 
 and improved the land, of which a large part was timber, and devoted himself 
 to the various departments of general farming and cattle raising. He lived there 
 until 1848 when he bought the farm at present held in the family name and 
 : : situated at no great distance from the former place. Adjacent to his farm was 
 a mill in which he acquired one third interest by building a dam for the water 
 power. Not long after that he bought out the other two thirds interest in the 
 V mill and became sole proprietor of it, running it in his own name for a brief 
 ; .' period. He then gave his title to it to two of his sons who managed the mill 
 ., for a while until they disposed of it for other interests. The father was a dem- 
 ocrat in his political faith and held several township offices, and in his religious 
 ' life followed the tenets of the Methodist Episcopal church to which he and his 
 wife belonged. Living on the old homestead till the last, Josiah Burnett passed 
 .' away at the age of seventy-seven and his wife at the age of sixty-four, both being 
 . buried in the cemetery at Maquon. 
 
 In spite of the limited education received in the schools of Haw Creek town- 
 ship and Maquon, A. C. Burnett possesses a large fund of general knowledge 
 being a well informed man. After his school days were over he assisted on the 
 farm and later assumed charge of a share of the management of the mill which 
 his father entrusted to the responsibility of his brother John in partnership with 
 him. The occupation of milling he followed for some years during which time 
 John Burnett disposed of his interest in the management of the mill to his 
 brother Josiah, who thereupon became his partner. At length the two young 
 men traded the mill and the right to the dam for western land. On the site, 
 . where these were once familiar landmarks the dam has disappeared, the mill 
 , race is dried up and only the frame of the old gristmill, vacant and fallen into 
 ,; neglect, stands like a grim monitor of time defying the ravages of the elements. 
 . .: As the next step in his life's career A. C. Burnett turned his attention to 
 farming, buying for this purpose the land which he now owns, one hundred acres 
 on section 34 and one hundred and sixty acres on section 35 in Haw Creek 
 township. Here he tilled the fields for many years until one day he came, wholly 
 V by accident, upon a spring located in a hitherto unnoticed portion of a field in 
 which he was digging. Upon chemical examination it was found that the spring 
 . contained minerals and was very valuable for medicinal purposes. Mr. Burnett, 
 by no means slow to realize the immense financial possibilities growing out of 
 : the ownership and control of a natural resource so valuable as this, organized 
 a company for bottling the water and shipping it for market use. The name 
 .: under which the plant is oi>erated is the Aqua Vitae Mineral Springs Company 
 of Maquon, Illinois, and since the water was awarded second prize, a silver 
 ' medal, at the St. Louis exposition, it has become widely known as one of the 
 best brands of medicinal water on the market, good for stomach and intestinal 
 /- troubles, for rheumatism, in short for cleansing the system of any poisonou.* 
 , :' accretions with which it may be clogged. The company ships extensively of its 
 water from Maine to the coast of California and as far as the remote parts of 
 . Canada. On the land adjacent to the spring there is a sanitarium accommodating 
 '. about twenty patients, who may come there and have a complete rest while 
 availing themselves of the privilege of the unlimited use of the spring water. 
 In season this is a favorite resort for week-end parties and for parties of dinner 
 
122 HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY ^ V 
 
 . > . --. ' -t 
 
 guests who come from the towns and country about. It is the owner's present 
 plan to reorganize and form a corporation for developing the site on which the 
 springs are located and ninety acres of the adjoining land. Such a company 
 properly financed and under the efficient management of a man like A. C. Bur- 
 nett will be of necessity a profitable undertaking. The farm is now being culti- 
 vated by a tenant. - j ... 
 
 The marriage of Mr. Burnett and Miss Mary Elizabeth Barlow occurred 
 October ii, 1866. Born in 1848, a native of Warren county, Illinois, she was 
 a daughter of Samuel and Margaret (Ken ton) Barlow, residents of Abingdon, 
 where Mr. Barlow died. In the family of A. C. Burnett there were four chil- 
 dren, of whom all are living but an infant son, who died at the age of four 
 months. The names of the others are : Fred J., reared and educated in Knox 
 county and Dixon, who is a telegraph operator and resides with his parents on 
 the home farm ; Margaret, the wife of G. M. Richey, who resides in Gales- 
 burg, Illinois, and is the mother of two children, Bernice and Madeline; and 
 Samuel C., who is married to Miss Myrtle Garrett and has two children, Pau- 
 line and Elizabeth, residing on a farm adjacent to the father's property. 
 
 Mr. and Mrs. Burnett are members of the Methodist Episcopal church, in 
 the work of which they take an active and helpful interest. At elections Mr. 
 Burnett votes with the democrats although he is no active politician. His absorb- 
 ing passion is the development of the land surrounding the spring, to make of 
 this a health resort of modern comfort and equipment that may rival any place 
 of its kind in the state. He has laid out an orchard which is already bearing 
 abundant fruit for the refreshment and edification of the many guests who come 
 from far and near to seek the bounty of his board. 
 
 ,v JOHN C. GEER. : ^ / - 
 
 John C. Geer, who from the age of fourteen years has made his home in 
 Knox county, where through a considerable period he has been identified with 
 merchandising as proprietor of a grocery store, deserves much credit for what 
 he has accomplished in life, his success being attributable to his energy, deter- 
 mination and successful management. 
 
 He was born in Connecticut, near Hartford, on the I7th of October, 1846, 
 and was the second of the three sons of Luther and Abby (Hempstead) Geer. 
 On the paternal side he traces his ancestry back to George Geer, who was one 
 of three brothers to emigrate from England to the United States at an early 
 day. He married Sarah Allen, a daughter of Captain Allen, and among their 
 children was Isaac Geer, who was the father of Jacob Geer. Solomon Geer, 
 the son of Jacob, married Anna Tiers, and to them was born a son, Luther 
 Geer, Sr., February 14, 1773, in Connecticut. The last named was the grand- - . 
 father of our subject. In early life he learned the carpenter's trade, which he 
 followed for many years. With his family he came to Illinois, casting in his 
 lot with the pioneer settlers of Stark county, where his wife died in early life, 
 but he lived to be quite advanced in years. She bore the maiden name of 
 Esther Whipple and to them were born six children, namely, Esther, Lucinda, 
 
^,^'^:;^:A^'-.;^v';;;v;^/^ ;>=:'-;' HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY .;-.-::'';^,^^--;;:'' 
 
 123 
 
 Ophelia, Luther, Solomon and Hiram. The maternal grandparents of our sub- 
 ject were Avery and Lucy (Leeds) Hempstead, who were residents of Mystic, 
 Connecticut, where they died at a ripe old age. Their children were Abby, 
 Lucy, Nancy, Frederick and Courtland. Avery Hempstead was a son of Robert 
 and Ann (Avery) Hempstead. The birth of his father occurred February 7, 
 1746, and his mother was born May 8, 1745. Robert Hempstead served as 
 sergeant in William Stanton's Company, Eighth Regiment, Connecticut Militia, 
 August 6, 1780. 
 
 Spending his youthful days in the Charter Oak state, Luther Geer, Jr., there 
 learned the carpenter's trade. Prior to the Civil war he removed westward to 
 Illinois, settling at Toulon, where he engaged in contracting and building. He 
 also bought a farm and devoted considerable time to cultivating the fields which 
 he improved with all modem equipment. He died there about 1880 when sixty- 
 four years of age and was long survived by his wife, who passed away in 1906, 
 at the advanced age of eighty-nine years and eleven months. Both were mem- 
 bers of the Baptist church and were earnest Christian people at all times loyal 
 to their professions. Of their children Avery, the eldest son, died at the age 
 of fifty-five years and Courtland, the youngest, is now living in Stark county, 
 Illinois. 
 
 John C. Geer, whose name introduces this record, was a small boy when he 
 came to this state, and was a youth of fourteen years when he arrived in Knox 
 county. He had obtained his education in Stark county and had scarcely started 
 upon his teens when he took upon himself the task of providing for his own 
 support. His life has been one of earnest and persistent toil, at length crowned 
 with a substantial measure of success owing to his unfaltering industry and 
 intelligently directed energy. He was first employed as a clerk in a grocery 
 store in Galesburg and while working in that capacity saved his earnings until 
 his industry and careful expenditure had brought him sufficient capital to enable 
 him to engage in business on his own account. In 1887, therefore, he opened a 
 grocery store and has since continued in this line of business, having for a long 
 period conducted a store at No. 121 East Main street. He still continues in 
 the grocery line, having a store at Knoxville. 
 
 Mr. Geer was married on the ist of December, 1869, to Miss Delia Murphy, 
 who was born in this county, February 12, 1848. Her parents came from Ire- 
 land and were early settlers here and afterward removed to Topeka county, 
 where they died in old age. They had three sons and five daughters, Robert, 
 John, Margaret, Josephine, Helen, Delia, Catharine and Mary. In 1883 Mr. 
 Geer was called upon to mourn the loss of his wife, who passed away when 
 thirty-five years of age. She was a faithful member of the Baptist church and 
 a woman of many remarkable traits of character. She left three children : Cora, 
 who is acting as her father's housekeeper; Abbie, at home; and George. The 
 son is a blacksmith residing at Keokuk, Iowa. He married Blanche Ferguson 
 and they have two children, Charles and Daisy. 
 
 ./i Mr. Geer holds membership with the Benevolent Protective Order of Elks 
 and also with the Grand Army of the Republic. His connection with the latter 
 comes through the fact that in 1863 he enlisted for three months' service in the 
 One Hundred and Thirty-ninth Illinois Volunteer Infantry as a member of 
 Company D. His political support is given to the democracy and he is some- 
 
124 HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY ''c^v'-^i - 
 
 what prominent and active in the party ranks, serving for twelve or fourteen 
 years as county supervisor from Galesburg. He is also loyal to the best interests 
 of the community and has long been regarded as a worthy citizen as well as 
 progressive merchant. What he undertakes he accomplishes and the years of 
 a well spent life have won him the kindly and merited regard of all with whom 
 he has come in contact : ; '^ :' - v^' :: . 
 
 ;%::. . WILLIAM E. DOYLE. ! . v ^ 
 
 ', ''','' ^Vr^ ' ' 'H-'r.' ' 
 
 William E. Doyle, one of Galesburg's enterprising young business men, 
 was born in Woodhull, Henry county, Illinois, on the Qth of September, 1869. 
 He is a son of James and Harriet (Mitchell) Doyle, the father a native of 
 Toronto, Canada, his birth occurring December 20, 1836, and the mother of 
 Farmington, Illinois, her natal day being the 23d of December, 1848. James 
 Doyle was reared to agricultural pursuits in Canada, where he passed the first 
 fourteen years of his life. In 1850 he came to the United States, locating in 
 Vienna, Oneida county. New York, and he also resided in the vicinity of Roch- 
 ester for a time. When he attained the age of nineteen years he went to California 
 in search of his fortune, but after spending four years in the gold fields returned 
 to New York. He located in the neighborhood of Buffalo, where he remained 
 until 1860, when he again started westward, Illinois being his destination on 
 this occasion. During the succeeding twenty years he devoted his entire time 
 and attention to the operation of a farm near Woodhull. His farming ex- 
 ploits proved to be very lucrative, but deciding that commercial pursuits offered 
 greater possibilities, in 1880 he engaged in the general mercantile business in 
 Woodhull. He conducted his store with increasing success until 1887, when 
 he disposed of his interests and removed to Knox county. Here he again 
 turned his attention to agriculture and for two years cultivated a farm near 
 Abingdon. In 1889 he came to Galesburg and purchased the second-hand 
 store of J. C. Hollis, that he carried on for two years. During that period he 
 enlarged the business and extended the scope of his activities until he had 
 developed it into a general house- furnishing establishment. It was incorpor- 
 ated for thirty thousand dollars in 1907, under the firm name of the Doyle 
 Furniture Company, with James Doyle, president ; and W. E. Doyle, secretary 
 and treasurer and also manager. This is one of the largest retail concerns 
 in the city, and gives regular employment to twenty-five people. They have 
 forty-five thousand square feet of floor space and carry a large and well 
 assorted stock of furniture, carpets, rugs, stoves, china, cut glass, curtains, 
 draperies, bedding, and all other articles that are usually found in an exclusive 
 house-furnishing establishment. It is one of the flourishing retail stores of the 
 city. Their goods are selected with a view to meeting the varied tastes and 
 circumstances of their patrons; their prices are reasonable; and the personnel 
 of their staff of employes is high. It is the policy of the firm to treat each 
 visitor with courtesy, and every effort is made to accommodate all, thus they 
 have built up a large permanent trade among a most desirable class of people. 
 
:^:'- ':'-( ^'\'.;:^j-::-r'^^ HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY :>i-e^.v. 125 
 
 ; The education of William E. Doyle was obtained in the common schools 
 
 of Henry and Knox counties, and after laying aside his text-books he began 
 
 , his business training under the capable direction of his father. He has ever 
 
 : since been identified with him and in this capacity has been connected with 
 the commercial activities of Galesburg for twenty-two years. 
 
 On the 1 5th of June, 1893, ^^- Doyle was united in marriage to Miss 
 
 Ethelyn Scott, a daughter of Charles E. and Estella (Scudder) Scott of Gales- 
 
 . burg. The father, who passed away on the 28th of February, 1911, was 
 
 employed for several years on the Chicago, Burlington & Quincy Railroad as 
 
 a brakeman and conductor. He subsequently withdrew from this vocation 
 
 and went into the transfer business, which he succcessfully followed for many 
 
 : years. When the call came for volunteers during the Civil war he responded 
 
 by enlisting as a private in the Illinois Volunteer Infantry. His political alle- 
 
 giance was accorded to the democratic party, and fraternally he was affiliated 
 
 /, with the local post of the G. A. R. and he was also a member of the Independ- 
 ent Order of Odd Fellows. In matters of faith he was a Christian Scientist, 
 
 ' as is also his widow, who continues to make her home in Galesburg. Of the 
 marriage of Mr. and Mrs. Scott there were born four children: Ray E., who 
 . is living in Kansas City, Missouri; Mrs. Doyle, who was born in Galesburg, 
 November 8, 1873; Edith M., the wife of Fred Secord, of Galesburg; and 
 Ernest, who is also living in Galesburg. Mr. and Mrs. Doyle have one son, 
 Forrest A., whose natal day was February 23, 1895. 
 
 : Mr. Doyle has never allied himself with any political party, but always 
 
 gives his support to such men and measures as he deems best qualified to sub- 
 serve the interests of the majority. He is a trustee of the East Main Street 
 Congregational church, in which Mrs. Doyle also holds membership, and he 
 
 . is affiliated with the Galesburg Club. He has always led a rather unobtru- 
 sive life, never having sought publicity in any form, but his influence is potent 
 
 ;' and is exercised in support of every worthy cause, noble impulse or high ideal. 
 
 ^::-<:"--^, .'^ /v:'^. '---' HENRY N. MURPHY. ":'.'-::;:- Vv ';;-'/: 7:- 
 
 t-^enry N. Murphy is well known in the business circles of Galesburg as a 
 member of the firm of Murphy Brothers & Anderson, dealers in fiouse furnish- 
 ings and hardware, and conducting as well a plumbing and heating establish- 
 ment. Their business is located at No. 310 "East Main street and Mr. Murphy 
 resides at No. 794 North Kellogg street. He was born in Erie, Pennsylvania. 
 September i6, 1850, and is a grandson of Edward and Matilda Murphy. The 
 former, a native of Lancaster, Pennsylvania, devoted his life to shoemaking and 
 farming save for the period when he served his country as a soldier in the war 
 of 1812. Nathaniel Murphy, the father of Henry N. Murphy, was born in the 
 Keystone state and was reared in Lancaster where he learned the tinner's trade. 
 He afterward engaged in the hardware business in Erie. Pennsylvania, continu- 
 ing for many years a valued and worthy citizen there. He married Elvira 
 Hubbard, who was also bom in Pennsylvania and was a daughter of John 
 Hubbard. They became the parents of the following children: Henry N., of 
 
126 ' HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY ;. 
 
 this review ; Mary, the wife of A. H. Zoller, of Oak Park, Chicago ; Charles H., 
 of Galesburg, a partner of his brother Henry; Harley, of Erie, Pennsylvania; 
 Etta, who married A. L. Piper, of Erie, Pennsylvania ; William, also of Erie ; 
 Fred, associated with Harley at Erie, Pennsylvania; and Frank, who died in 
 childhood. The father passed away in Erie, Pennsylvania, when sixty-one years 
 of age but the mother still survives and makes her home there. She is a mem- 
 ber of the Methodist church to which Mr. Murphy also belonged, and he was 
 prominent in the local life of the community, holding various city offices includ- 
 ing that of councilman. 
 
 Henry N. Murphy was reared in Erie, Pennsylvania, and attended the public 
 schools, passing through consecutive grades to his graduation from the high 
 school. He then entered his father's store in which he remained for a number 
 of years, receiving thorough business training in that connection. He has been 
 a resident of Galesburg since 1871, in which year he entered the employ of the 
 Covenant Mutual Insurance Company. Later he spent six years in the hard- 
 ware house of Babcock & Pierpont, but carefully saving his earnings he was at 
 length enabled to engage in business on his own account, establishing his present 
 enterprise in connection with his brother Charles and J. A. Anderson under the 
 firm name of Murphy Brothers & Anderson. They opened with a full line of 
 house furnishings and hardware, and their plumbing and heating department 
 s also a profitable feature of their business. 
 
 In 1871 Mr. Murphy was united in marriage to Miss Ada S. Sawyer, who 
 was born in Sycamore, Illinois, a daughter of Mr. and Mrs. Armory W. Sawyer, 
 who are natives of Massachusetts and now reside in Chicago. Mrs. Murphy is 
 their only child and has but one son, Harry Sawyer Murphy, who married 
 Mildred Oldburg and is now a practicing dentist of Fremont, Nebraska. Mr. 
 Murphy is a member of Veritas Lodge, I. O. O. F., and of Galesburg Lodge, 
 No. 894, B. P. O. E. Of the latter he is now exalted ruler. He is sixty-one 
 years of age yet looks to be no more than forty and possesses an alert, enter- 
 prising manner that shows him to be alive to the business conditions and situa- 
 tions of the present day. He has never feared to venture where favoring 
 opportunity has led the way and his even-paced energy has carried him forward 
 until a comfortable competence is now his. 
 
 :^\;; - -. CHAUNCY J. McMASTER. ;;;; 7. 
 
 Chauncy J. McMaster is one of the prominent farmers and stock dealers of 
 Walnut Grove township, carrying on his business interests on an extensive scale. 
 He does not hesitate to branch out along new lines, for his progressiveness is 
 always guided by sound judgment and tempered by a safe conservatism. He 
 is today the owner of the finest herd of thoroughbred Shorthorns in western 
 Illinois and his farm is one of the largest and best improved in the northern 
 part of Knox county. 
 
 He was born on the old McMaster homestead. May 19, 1862, and is a son 
 of John McMaster, now a retired farmer living at Altona. He was born in 
 Scotland, May 15, 1827, a son of John and Ann (Struthers) McMaster, who 
 
. ; :'' HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY ; - ^y^/ :"^:;::; 
 
 died at the ages of ninety-two and eighty-four years respectively. It was in 
 1850 that the father came with his wife and children to America, traveling by 
 way of the canal from Chicago, thence by team to Peoria and across the country 
 to Copley township, Knox county, where he built the first log house of that 
 district. There he secured eighty acres of land and began the development of 
 a farm. His last days were spent in the home of his son, John McMaster, in 
 Walnut Grove township. John McMaster, the father of our subject, early started 
 out in life on his own account. He saved his money until he had accumulated 
 a sufficient sum to purchase a team of horses and after having assisted in mak- 
 ing a home for his parents he began to provide for himself. He first purchased 
 eighty acres of land in Walnut Grove township but after two years he sold out 
 and later became the owner of one hundred and sixty acres in the same town- 
 ship, constituting the farm upon which he reared his family, although he added 
 to his landed possessions from time to time. Since 1898 he has lived retired 
 in Altona. His life history is given at length on another page of this volume. 
 
 After attending the common schools Chauncy J. McMaster became a pupil 
 in the commercial college at Galesburg and then returned to the old home farm, 
 whereon he engaged in general agricultural pursuits for five years. He next 
 turned his attention to merchandising and was connected with the conduct of a 
 grocery and hardware business at Altona for eleven years. During that time 
 he served as postmaster of the town under appointment of Presidents McKinley 
 and Roosevelt, filling the office altogether for eight years. He then resigned 
 and built his present home. He is today regarded as one of the most progressive 
 and prosperous agriculturists of the northern part of the county. He owns one 
 of the largest stock farms and the largest herd of Shorthorn cattle in the county. 
 In fact he has upon his place some of the finest stock to be found in western 
 Illinois. His business is carried on very extensively and he has become widely 
 known not only in this state but elsewhere among prominent stock-raisers. His 
 farm is equipped with all modern improvements and accessories. His home is 
 built in an attractive style of architecture, is very commodious and is fitted up 
 in excellent taste. His barns and sheds, too, afford ample shelter for grain and 
 stock, and everything is done to care for his stock in the most scientific man- 
 ner. His labors are doing much to improve the grade of cattle raised in this 
 part of the state and his example serves to stimulate and encourage others. In 
 addition to his Knox county property he is also interested in a large farm in the 
 Red River valley of Minnesota which is operated by the most modern machinery. 
 There the plowing is done by steam plows and the other equipments are equally, 
 modern, showing him to be in keeping with the most advanced spirit of prog- 
 ress and enterprise. 
 
 On the ist of January, 1889, Mr. McMaster was united in marriage to Miss 
 Ida M. Stuckey, a daughter of S. S. and Carrie (Borden) Stuckey. On the 
 I3th of August, 1890, Mrs. McMaster died at the age of twenty-four years, 
 and on the ist of September, 1892, Mr. McMaster was again married, his second 
 union being with Ida E. Sawyer, who died July 12, 1897. On the 28th of March, 
 1901, he wedded Miss Frances A. Reed, who was born December 31, 1858, in 
 the old Reed home near Wataga. She is a daughter of James D. Reed, who 
 was born in Kentucky, June 27, 1825, and as a boy came to Knox county, settling 
 in Henderson township with his parents, Jonathan and Polly (Newell) Reed, 
 
f:' Md : ::fv:> HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY -: ;:, ^;' v.v 
 
 who spent the remainder of their clays in that township. In early manhood 
 James D. Reed took up the occupation of farming and after his marriage, which 
 took place on the 27th of August, 1847, removed to Sparta township, settling 
 on what became known as the old Reed farm near Wataga. He was of Scotch 
 descent and was a worthy and highly respected resident of his community. He 
 held membership in the Baptist church and gave his political allegiance to the 
 democratic party. His death occurred December 8, 1882. His wife, who bore 
 ^the maiden name of Martha A. Duval, was born in Kentucky, April 27, 1831, 
 and was a daughter of Thomas C. Duval, who was born February 28, 1802, and 
 . was of French descent. His parents were James and Judith (Jennings) Duval, 
 . , the forrr-er a native of Virginia and a soldier of the war of 1812. Thomas C. 
 : Duval was married April 2. 1822, to Miss Nancy Shumate, who was born in 
 . Virginia, August 19, 1802. She died March 2, 1888, while Thomas Duval passed 
 away September 25, 1890. He was one of the earliest residents of Knox county, 
 having settled in Henderson township in 1835. He at that time had one hun- 
 dred dollars in cash, which he invested in land, and in 1869 he owned two thou- 
 sand acres of land in Sparta and Henderson townships. His investments were 
 most judiciously made and as he prospered, he added to his holdings until he 
 was one of the most extensive landowners in this part of the county. In politics 
 he was a republican and his religious faith was that of the Christian church. 
 
 Mrs. McMaster is therefore descended from one of the oldest and most 
 
 prominent pioneer families of Knox county. She was one of ten children, of 
 
 whom the following are living: Ellen, the wife of Henry Redfield, of Gales- 
 
 .. burg; Sarah, the wife of Robert Langloff, of Topeka, Kansas; Mrs. McMaster; 
 
 . Polly, the wife of Henry Slabaugh, of Warren, Ohio; Dora, the wife of Fred 
 
 - Corey, of Fort Dodge, Iowa; and Albert Reed, of Rockford, Illinois. 
 
 Mr. and Mrs. McMaster hold membership in the Presbyterian church and 
 
 he belongs to the Masonic fraternity. In politics he is a republican, active in his 
 
 . support of the party, and he has served in various local offices. As a business 
 
 man, however, he is perhaps best known and he is one who contributes to Knox 
 
 , county's reputation as a leading stock-raising center. His business affairs have 
 
 been so capably managed that he has won substantial success and the years 
 
 have placed him in a prominent position among the farmers and stock-raisers of 
 
 western Illinois. 
 
 ^^ ^/. JOHNF. HAMILTON, r:.-,;- 
 
 John F. Hamilton, attorney at law practicing at the Galesburg bar and also 
 serving as justice of the peace of this city, was born near Wenona, Illinois, 
 February 3, 1867. He represents one of the old families of Ohio. His pater- 
 nal grandfather, Samuel Hamilton, a descendant of Eli Hamilton, was a native 
 of that state where he followed the occupation of fanning as a life work. 
 He there married Nancy McMorris who was a niece of Chief Justice John 
 Marshall. Removing to Illinois they became early settlers of Marshall county 
 where they died when well advanced in years. They had a large family, includ- 
 ing: Celia, deceased who was the wife of Hiram Meyer, of Galesburg; Wil- 
 
HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY ^.f ?.:; 131 
 
 Ham T. ; Elizabeth, the wife of Josiah Miller, of Richwood, Ohio; John M., > 
 at one time governor of Illinois; Oscar, deceased; Frank Y., a resident of ,-- 
 Bloomington ; and Roa, the wife of Oliver Allen, of Wenona, Illinois. Through ' 
 the period of their residence in Illinois the family has been prominent in pro- :' 
 moting the general work of upbuilding and improvement. ./ 
 
 William T. Hamilton, father of John F. Hamilton, of this review, was :' 
 born in Ohio and spent his youthful days in Union county, that state, near Rich- \ - 
 wood, there remaining until his parents brought their family to Illinois. In ' 
 Marshall county, this state, he engaged in farming and later established his ..," 
 home in Wenona, where he lived until 1891 when he came to Galesburg and 
 during the period of his residence in this city he was prominent in public 
 affairs and served for two or three terms as alderman from the third ward. In 
 1904 he removed to Pomona, California, where his death occurred in 1911, 
 when he had reached the age of seventy-one years. His wife died on the 27th 
 of June of the same year at the age of sixty-nine years. They were both faith- 
 ful and devoted members of the Presbyterian church and earnest Christian = 
 people throughout all their lives. The father served as an elder in the church V 
 in Galesburg and also after his removal to Pomona. He was at all times a 
 public-spirited and patriotic citizen and was a stalwart champion of the Union . 
 cause during the Civil war, for which he organized two companies, but was '. 
 himself rejected on account of physical disability, although he had been elected :. 
 captain of the company. As he could not aid the army at the front he raised 
 a third company and thus rendered excellent service to the cause at home. He ' 
 married Susan Clifford, who was likewise a native of Ohio and was a daugh- ' 
 ter of Edward and Rebecca (Dunlap) Clifford, who were also born in the ./' 
 Hawkeye state. They, too, became residents of Marshall county, Illinois, mak- ; 
 ing the journey overland across the country in wagons when Mrs. Susan Hamil- .> 
 ton was quite young. Both lived to old age, Mrs. Clifford being ninety-six ; 
 years old at the time of her death. They had a large family, namely: Sarah, ' :' 
 now the wife of James Phillips, of Table Rock, Nebraska ; Nancy, deceased ; ' 
 Jane, the wife of William Dunlap; Samuel and Margaret, both of whom have . 
 passed away; and Susan, who became the wife of William T. Hamilton. By ;.. > 
 her marriage she had four children who reached adult age: Luetta, now the 
 wife of J. F. Evans, of Pomona, California ; John F. ; James E., who follows ' 
 farming near Magnolia, Illinois ; and Samuel O., living in Lordsburg, Cali- 
 fornia. 
 
 John F. Hamilton was reared upon his father's farm near Wenona, Illinois, 
 and after mastering the common branches of learning in the district schools 
 attended the high school of Wenona. Subsequently he entered the Illinois ''' 
 Wesleyan University at Bloomington. With broad literary learning to serve 
 as the foundation for professional knowledge he took up the study of law 
 and passed the examination before the Supreme court of Illinois, being ad- : ' 
 mitted to the bar on the ist of March, 1893. He then began practice in Gales- . 
 burg where he still remains and in following his profession has won a good './ 
 clientage. : '-. 
 
 On the 5th of June, 1895, occurred the marriage of Mr. Hamilton and Miss ; 
 Anna Wright, a daughter of William and Sarah (Bellows) Wright, the former ' 
 a native of New York and the latter of Hartford, Connecticut. Removing . 
 
132 ^ HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY ^ ' ; -7 
 
 westward they settled in Indiana where their remaining days were passed. 
 They were parents of four children, including Anna, who became Mrs. Hamil- 
 ton. She was born in the city of Indianapolis, Indiana, and by her marriage 
 has become the mother of three children, William Wright, John Philip and 
 Dorothy Luetta. Both Mr. and Mrs. Hamilton hold membership in the 
 Presbyterian church and in social circles occupy an enviable position by reason 
 of that genuine worth which is always the passport to good society. Mr, 
 Hamilton belongs to Alpha Lodge, No. 155, A. F. & A. M., and also to the 
 Benevolent Protective Order of Elks, the Tribe of Ben Hur, the Yeomen of 
 America and the Knights and Ladies of Honor. He is likewise a member of 
 the Sigma Chi, a college fraternity, and of the Country Club. His political 
 allegiance is given to the republican party and he is now capably serving for 
 the fourth term as justice of the peace. His military experience covers ser- 
 vice as captain of Battery B, Illinois National Guard, and he was inspector of 
 rifle practice on Mayor Yeager's staff. He was also military instructor in St. 
 Albans Academy at Knoxville for two years. His interests are broad and 
 varied and he has led a busy and useful life, his activities touching the general 
 interests of society whereby the welfare and the legal status of the com- 
 munity are upheld. 
 
 . --; SAMUEL TUCKER.; ; : / > 
 
 The late Samuel Tucker, for more than fifty years actively engaged in agri- ' .; 
 cultural pursuits in Knox county, was the most extensive landowner in Truro .;'/. 
 township at the time of his death, eighteen years ago. He was born on his :;':.-; 
 father's farm in Ohio, on October 12, 1822, and there he spent the first twelve ;;'';;. 
 years of his life. In 1834 the family residence was changed to Peoria county, '..'';.;. 
 Illinois, where the father continued to follow farming during the remainder ..-.- 
 of his active life. . , i^ ( 
 
 The education of Samuel Tucker was begun in the common schools of his :;';:' 
 native state and completed in Peoria county, Illinois, where he was reared to , '' ' ; 
 manhood. His youthful years were very similar, save in details, to those of v:. <; 
 other lads of the period and circumstances. At such times as he was not en- . _ 
 gaged with his studies in school he assisted with the work of the farm, and ' '" ;/ 
 when little more than a child assumed the duties of a man in the operation of ;';.--/ 
 the fields. He remained with his people until his marriage at the age of twenty- ':'. ./; - 
 seven years, when he began his independent agricultural career. Together with ;-.,' 
 his bride he came to Knox county, settling on a small farm he had acquired in / ; 
 Elba township. He was a man of tireless energy, and industriously applied '. "/;..:''' 
 himself to the operation of his land. At the expiration of seven or eight years ;'':,-..-' 
 he removed to Truro township, where he resided until his death. Not the least ',/;. 
 of Mr. Tucker's many admirable traits was his patriotism, and when the nation's .; .- 
 chief called for volunteers he responded, enlisting in Company H, One Hun- '. ', 
 dred and Second Regiment. He entered the service in 1862 and remained at /; '' i '- 
 the front until July, 1865, when he was mustered out. Returning home he , r v 
 resumed his farming, in which he met with such lucrative returns that he was \ > 
 
V/ 
 
 t 
 
HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY ." ^^ 137 
 
 able to extend his holdings from time to time until he owned five hundred 
 of most productive land. He assiduously applied himself to the further culti- 
 vation and improvement of this property until his death on May 8, 1893, at 
 the age of seventy-one years. The prosperity that attended the efforts of Mr. 
 Tucker must be attributed to his own personal endeavors, helpfully supple- 
 mented by Mrs. Tucker's capable management of the household affairs. He 
 belonged to the type of men who set themselves a task, and disregarding all 
 obstacles that may arise to thwart their plans, tenaciously adhere to their plan 
 of action until they attain their ambition. Success would have attended his 
 endeavors in any vocation he might have elected to follow, because he would 
 never have accepted defeat, failure but serving to renew the energy by means 
 of which he conquered. He located in Knox county a't a period when pioneer 
 conditions still existed, and farming was largely little more than drudgery, as 
 it was prior to the advent of the modem agricultural implements. Hardships 
 and privations, disappointments and misfortunes fell to his lot as to that of all 
 pioneers, but he steadily persisted in his course and in the end won such feasible 
 success that he owned at one time three thousand and forty acres of land. J , 
 
 On February 29, 1849, Mr. Tucker was united in marriage to Miss Mary 
 Mundy, who was born October i, 1831, and was a daughter of James Mundy of 
 Elba township, Knox county. Mr. .Mundy was one of the pioneers, while Mrs. 
 Mundy's father also was one of the first settlers in this section of the county. 
 James Mundy engaged in fanning in Elba township until his death, which oc- 
 curred at the age of sixty-six years. He was one of the estimable citizens of 
 his community and held membership in the Masonic fraternity. Of the mar- 
 riage of Mr. and Mrs. Tucker there were born eleven children, of whom four 
 sons and three daughters are living. In order of birth they are as follows: 
 James ; L. V. ; Noah ; Eugene ; Catherine Elizabeth, the wife of A. D. Moon ; 
 Sarah Amanda, who married Charles H. Eastman; and Mary Evelyn, the wife 
 of Dr. Ben D. Baird. ;: .; ; . vv 
 
 His political allegiance Mr. Tucker always accorded to the republican party, 
 and he served as supervisor of his township for several terms, while he also 
 acted as school director. His public duties were always discharged with the 
 same competence and efficiency that marked his private undertakings, as he 
 always considered that anything that was of sufficient importance to engage his 
 attention was worthy of his best efforts. After the death of her husband, Mrs. 
 Tucker left the farm, which she is now renting and removed to Williamsfield, 
 where she continues to reside. She is a woman of many most estimable quali- 
 ties and is held in high regard by her large circle of acquaintances. . v ;; 
 
 >. - ; C;: GEORGE M. CLARK. ; ' !: VvV^ 
 
 George M. Clark, chief clerk of the election commissioners for the city of 
 Galesburg and at one time treasurer of Knox county, was born in Orange town- 
 ship, this county, on the 24th of April, 1872. The ancestral history declares the 
 family to be of German origin although representatives of the name have long 
 
 been residents of America. Abraham Clark, the grandfather of George M. 
 
 voL n T ;; :;:.,.;' " ,.---/ 
 
138 HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY .0 ; 
 
 . "'.'.."'., 
 
 Clark, came from the state of New York and was a farmer by occupation. He 
 married Anna Wise and at length removed westward, becoming one of the early 
 farmers of this county. The land which he purchased he converted into rich 
 and productive fields and he continued his residence upon the old homestead 
 until his death, which occurred in Orange township when he had passed the 
 Psalmist's allotted span of three score years and ten. His wife reached the very 
 remarkable old age of ninety-four years. Their family numbered three chil- 
 dren. Nelson, Luther and Elizabeth, the last named becoming the wife of 
 Cornelius King. '\ >' : ; x '' ^ j --'.fT; 
 
 Luther Clark, the father of George M. Clark, was born in Tiog^ county, 
 New York, July i, 1829, and was fourteen years of age when the family came 
 to Knox county, Illinois, in 1843, so that he attained his majority while living 
 upon the old homestead in Orange township. He shared with the family in the 
 hardships and experiences of pioneer life, early becoming familiar with the work 
 of the fields from the time of early spring planting until after the crops were 
 harvested in the late autumn. When he had attained man's estate he began 
 farming on his own account, purchasing eighty acres of land. Not a furrow had 
 been turned nor an improvement made upon the property when it came into 
 his possession but with characteristic energy he began to break the sod and till 
 the fields and in due time his land returned to him abundant crops. As he pros- 
 pered in his undertaking he extended the boundaries of his property until at 
 one time he owned two hundred acres. On the 3d of February, 1859, he mar- 
 ried Sarah Yeager, who was born in Miami county, Ohio, April 5, 1839, and 
 traced her ancestry back to Germany. To them were born six children : Anna 
 E., the wife of Arthur S. Randall, of Orange township; Curtis A. and Frank 
 N., both residents of Orange township; John A., of Galesburg; George M., of 
 this review ; and Mary, who married J. W. Wise, of Knoxville. The death of 
 the father occurred February 3, 1900, and the mother passed away May 25, 
 1903. She was a devoted member of the Congregational church and her kindly 
 spirit and many good traits of character won her the love of all who knew her. 
 In politics Mr. Clark was a republican and served in several local offices, acting 
 as township assessor and also as supervisor for a number of years. 
 
 George M. Clark spent his youthful days on his father's farm in Orange 
 township, dividing his time between the work of the fields and the acquirement 
 of an education in the district schools up to the time when he entered the Gales- 
 burg Business College. After completing his course in that institution he then 
 returned to the farm and carried on general agricultural pursuits until 1907. 
 He inherited a part of the old homestead and bought out the interests of the 
 other heirs in that property, still owning the farm which comprises one hundred 
 and forty acres of rich and productive land. A noted educator who has given 
 much, study to the sources of the country's wealth says that there is no better 
 investment in all America than Illinois farm land and in his property Mr. Clark 
 has a source of gratifying income. He left the farm and removed to Galesburg 
 to assume the duties of county treasurer, having been appointed to the office 
 in January, 1909, after which he was chosen for the position at a special election 
 in June of that year. He served for about two years, filling out an unexpired 
 term of O. N. Custer. He had formerly filled the office of supervisor for seven 
 years and was township collector for three years. He has ever discharged his 
 
; , -r> 1 :; HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY 'v'^/iV 139 
 
 official duties with promptness and fidelity and the record he has made in this 
 connection is a most creditable one. In his political views he has ever been a 
 republican and for one term served as chairman of the republican county central 
 committee. He was likewise chairman of the board of supervisors for two terms 
 and resigned to enter upon the duties of the office of county treasurer. 
 
 The marriage of George M. Clark and Miss Elizabeth Krise was celebrated 
 October 22, 1894. She was a daughter of George A. and Mary A. (Sheets) 
 Krise, and by her marriage she became the mother of three children, Clare, 
 Frances and Dorothy. Death called her March i8, 1900, and the family lost a 
 devoted mother and the Congregational church a faithful member. Mr. Clark 
 was married again, December 21, 1905, his second union being with Miss Susie 
 D. Hartnell, who was born in England, of which country her parents, George 
 and Mary (Dean) Hartnell, were also natives. They came to this country dur- 
 ing the early girlhood of their daughter Susie. They now reside in Orange 
 township, where Mr. Hartnell is yet following the occupation of farming. The 
 children of the family are: Mary; Albert; Ethel and Edith, twins; John; 
 Joseph; Susie; and a half-brother, William Aplin. Mr. and Mrs. Clark became 
 parents of two children, Helen and Ruth Margaret, but the first born, Helen, 
 died in infancy. : 
 
 Mr. Clark belongs to the Modern Woodmen Camp of De Long, also the 
 local lodge of the Benevolent Protective Order of Elks and the Knights of 
 Pythias. He is supreme treasurer of the Fraternal Reserve Life Association of 
 Peoria. Wherever known he is held in high esteem and most of all where he 
 is best known. His life has been quietly i>assed and yet he has at all times been 
 a faithful citizen and a reliable business man who is trustworthy in his friend- 
 ships and true to every trust reposed in him. v';: /X ; / - v ' v^ ^;:.::' . \ 
 
 . ; : i; EDWARD R. DRAKE. : -1 r'^ 
 
 Edward R. Drake, a member of the firm of Kellogg, Drake & Company, 
 dealers in dry goods, cloaks and carpets, their large establishment extending 
 from No. 227 to 235 East Main street, is one of the native sons of Galesburg, 
 his birth having here occurred November lo, 1856. His great-grandfather in 
 the paternal line was a soldier in the Revolutionary war. His grandfather, 
 David Drake, was a native of New York and devoted his life to farming. 
 When called to his final rest his remains were interred at Crown Point, that 
 state. His family numbered several children, including: Lyman C., the father 
 of Edward R. Drake; Amos, who remained a resident of the state of New 
 York; Nathan B., who came to the middle west at an early day and took up 
 his abode just across the street from his brother Lyman; Olive, the wife of 
 Charles Needham, who removed from Galesburg to California in 1865, settling 
 at Merced : and Mary, the wife of James Squire, of Galesburg. 
 
 Lyman C. Drake, a native of New York, was reared in Essex county of that 
 state and, having arrived at years of maturity wedded Lucy Ann Hyde, a 
 native of Vermont, who spent her girlhood days in Middlebury of the "Green 
 Mountain" state. She was a granddaughter of Russell B. Hyde, who served 
 
140 ; HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY 
 
 Vv- 
 
 throughout the Revolutionary war, retiring with the rank of major. He received . ' 
 from the government in recognition of his services a land grant of a township .; ' 
 in Northern Vermont, which was named Hyde Park in his honor. Lucy Ann : .; 
 Hyde was a daughter of Jabez Perkins and Martha (Edgerton) Hyde, who 
 removed to the Mississippi valley with their children and spent their last days 
 in Galesburg, where they passed away at an advanced age. They had a large . 
 family, namely: George J., a resident of Davenport, Iowa; Andrew J., who ' 
 
 in 1828 went with his brother George to Davenport, the remainder of their . 
 
 lives being passed in Scott county, Iowa; Martha, who married George W. G. . 
 Ferris, the youngest son of Sylvanus Ferris, who with George W. Gale and ; 
 others founded the city of Galesburg; Lydia E., who became the wife of Albert .> 
 
 dine and removed to Peoria county; Elizabeth, who became the wife of .^ ;. 
 Edward Ray, a soldier of the Civil war, and both are now deceased; Diadama, 
 the wife of Horace B. Weeks, who died in early manhood in Galesburg and .. 
 was laid to rest in Hope cemetery ; and others. His family included Lucy Ann ,- ; 
 Hyde, who became the wife of Lyman C. Drake, and in the year 1843 they re- ^ ; 
 moved westward, settling just within the edge of Warren county, Illinois. :?; 
 where Mr. Drake engaged in farming for a number of years. In 1854 he > 
 
 brought his family to Galesburg where he lived retired. Here he died in 
 1887, at the age of eighty years, while his wife passed away in 1888, when 
 seventy-four years of age. Both were members of the Baptist church and V. 
 Mr. Drake was at one time a member of the New York State Militia and held ; 
 a captain's commission. Unto him and his wife were born nine children, but ; 
 only two are now living, the younger being Frederick S., a resident of Detroit, 
 Michigan. / 
 
 Edward R. Drake, born and reared in Galesburg, pursued his education ; 
 in the public schools here and made his initial step in the business world as a ; 
 
 clerk in a dry-goods store. Ambitious to enter business life on his own account, 
 he availed himself of the opportunity which in 1888 came to him, of becoming / 
 
 a member of the firm of Kellogg, Drake & Company. This organization has 
 since maintained a continuous existence and is regarded as one of the old ' '; 
 reliable houses of the city, carrying a large and well selected line of dry goods,.;-- ; 
 cloaks and carpets. The honorable business methods of the house and the ^^ ' 
 unfaltering enterprise of the partners have enabled them to meet competition :..\ 
 and win a fair share of the public patronage, so that the undertaking has been : 
 
 crowned with prosperity from the outset. ;, : . : - -, 
 
 On the 29th of June, 1894, Mr. Drake was married to Miss Harriet E. - ; 
 Stone, the youngest daughter of Lester T. and Sallie (Ferris) Stone, who died , > ;. . 
 in 1895; the former was a native of Vermont and the latter of Galesburg. .:;;. 
 L. T. Stone was a soldier of the Civil war, serving for nearly four years as ;V ' 
 an officer and died November 12, 1911. He was the son of C. D. Stone, at : > 
 one time a resident of Galesburg, his remains now resting in Hope cemetery. ;,';. 
 The maternal grandfather of Mrs. Drake was S. W. Ferris, a son of Sylvanus ' : : . 
 Ferris, native of New York. He married Currance Ann Winniger. The ' 
 death of Mrs. Drake occurred November 15, 1896, and was the occasion of ; \ 
 deep and widespread regret to her many friends. ' 
 
 The public interests of the community outside of business circles have bene- ^ ' .- 
 fited by the efforts of Mr. Drake who, never neglectful of the duties of citizen- -V\;:: 
 
V" V HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY ;'' --^^ ^ 
 
 ship and realizing the responsibility of the individual in community affairs, has 
 done public work of a helpful nature. ' He has always given his political sup- 
 port to the republican party, but the offices he has filled have not been of a 
 political character. For twenty-eight years, however, he has served on the 
 library board and at this writing, in 1911, is its president. He was a charter 
 member of the Galesburg Club and twice served as its president, and he holds 
 membership in the Baptist church. Where the interests and welfare of the 
 city are involved his influence and aid are always given on the side of progress 
 and improvement. ;.'';;/.:;/..:' '' ..:C.'-'--. ','\.-.-:-'::_~L'^^:-'-\ ./ ''.^-''.if ''''.<.;'; 
 
 ;.:;...;;:;..;,;-': ,,-:':,;:,;- PETER EPLEY. ''<:.': ' ' ; - .:;v:-;:^-%: v;: '^H'-'T '-'' 
 
 The late Peter Epley, who for many years was a street commissioner in .. 
 Knoxville, located here with his family in the '8os. His birth occurred on a . 
 farm in the vicinity of Gettysburg, Pennsylvania, on the 23d of April, 1833, i 
 his parents being George and Harriet (Vance) Epley, also natives of the Key- 
 stone state. George Epley came to Knox county with his family during the ; :, 
 pioneer days, and here both he and the mother passed away. Their family con- ; ; . 
 sisted of four sons and seven daughters of whom the following are living: John; ' 
 William; Mrs. Sarah Lightner, of Knoxville: Mrs. Mary Pfeffer, of Gettys- " 
 burg, Pennsylvania; Mrs. Mattie Hoke, of Elk Creek, Nebraska; and Mrs. 
 Amanda Korman, of Gettysburg, Pennsylvania. 
 
 In the acquirement of his education Peter Epley attended the common : 
 schools in the vicinity of his birthplace, at the same time assisting his father ; 
 with the work of the farm. When the war broke out he was drafted from :. 
 Gettysburg and went to the front where he remained for three months, to 
 assume on his return the responsibilities of manhood and directed his ener- ;; 
 gies thereafter along different lines of activity. i 
 
 When twenty-one years of age, Mr. Epley married Miss Agnes Evelyn Cur- ; 
 rens, their marriage being celebrated in Gettysburg, on February 27, 1854. ;, 
 She is a daughter of Elijah and Mary Ann (Dix) Currens, natives of Mary- . 
 lahd, in which state Mrs. Epley's birth occurred on the 23d of July, 1835. Her ; , 
 father was a shoemaker, and after following his trade for many years in his '' 
 native state, he removed with his family to Pennsylvania, where he passed '. 
 away at the age of ninety-six years. He was a veteran of the Revolutionary , . 
 war. Of the marriage of Mr. and Mrs. Currens there were born five sons and 
 five daughters, Mrs. Epley being the only one now living. In order of birth - ' 
 they were as follows: John; Mary Jane; Ann Eliza; Isabella; Sarah M.; ; -. 
 Agnes; Jessie; Stephen; and two who died in infancy. The family of Mr. 
 and Mrs. Epley numbered twelve, nine sons and three daughters. Calvin, who ' . 
 was the eldest, died in infancy. William, who conducts a restaurant at Elm- 
 wood, is married and has one son. Max. John, who is the next in order of - 
 birth, is deceased. Sarah R. married William Johns, at Gettysburg and has 
 six children and one grandchild, as follows: Laura, who is married and has 
 one child; and Mary, Ada, Walter, Howard and one child who died in infancy. V;. 
 Mary Ann, the wife of William Gross, is living in Boston, where both she .: 
 
142 ' HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY 
 
 and her husband are Christian science practitioners, Laura married Reuben 
 H. Culp, an undertaker of Gettysburg, and has two children, Charles and Ethel. 
 Frederick is deceased. Charles is conducting a restaurant in Knoxville. George, 
 who is a resident of Elmwood, is married and has three children; Leo, Everett 
 and a baby. Isaac is engaged in the operation of a farm near Maquon. Robert, 
 a painter and decorator, is a resident of Knoxville. Curtis, the youngest mem- 
 ber of the family, is conducting a flour and feed store at Norwick, Kansas. 
 He is married and has one child, Harold. 
 
 Mr. Epley affiliated with the Lutheran faith, while his widow belongs to 
 the Presbyterian church. He voted the democratic ticket, and was an honored 
 member of the Grand Army of the Republic. The residence now occupied by 
 Mrs. Epley was erected by them more than twenty-seven years ago. In No- 
 vember, 1905, Mr. Epley passed away while on a visit in Gettysburg, Penn- 
 sylvania. ' '"' '^''- .''' ^''.-- -'^' '*/7;C::; -'.'"'/ ? 
 
 ; : ; V H O. JOHN OBERHOLTZER. ; ;::^: ? ^ ': ; i 
 
 By the intelligent and capable direction of his activities along agricultural 
 lines O. John Oberholtzer met with such success that he became one of the 
 extensive property owners of Elba township, spending the last years of a well 
 rounded life in retirement in Williamsfield, his death occurring on November 
 II, 1911. He was born in the vicinity of Ashland, Wayne county, Ohio, on 
 the I2th of May, 1846, a son of James and Ann (Tedrow) Oberholtzer, both 
 of German extraction. The father was born and reared in Pennsylvania, but 
 in his early manhood he located in Ohio, where he followed the blacksmith's 
 trade until 1848, when with his wife and family he came to Knox county. Of 
 the marriage of Mr. and Mrs. Joseph Oberholtzer there were born five chil- 
 dren : Louisa J. ; O. John ; Elizabeth J., who is deceased ; Homer W. ; and Mary 
 E., who has passed away. 
 
 The son of a pioneer farmer, O. John Oberholtzer was afforded but limited 
 educational advantages, during which time he also assisted his father with the 
 cultivation of the fields. At the age of eighteen years he enlisted in Company 
 E, Eleventh Illinois Volunteer Cavalry, going to the front on the 2Oth of Janu- 
 ary, 1865, where he remained until the close of hostilities. Upon receiving his 
 discharge he returned home and again applied his energies to the cultivation of 
 the farm, remaining with his people until he was twenty-two. He then began 
 to make his own way in the world and the following year was married, imme- 
 diately after which he and his bride settled on a quarter section of land he had 
 purchased in Truro township. He assiduously applied himself to the further 
 improvement of his property, during the succeeding five years, at the expira- 
 tion of which time he disposed of it. The proceeds he invested in three hun- 
 dred and twenty acres located in the same township, and there he lived until 
 his retirement. Mr. Oberholtzer perseveringly devoted his energies to general 
 farming and stock-raising and met with such excellent returns that he was 
 able to increase his holdings until he had acquired five hundred and ninety 
 acres. He erected good barns and substantial outbuildings as well as a com- 
 
O.J . 
 
142 ; HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY 
 
 and her husband are Christian science practitioners. Laura married Reuben 
 H. Culp, an undertaker of Gettysburg, and has two children. Charles and Ethel. 
 Frederick is deceased. Charles is conducting a restaurant in Knoxville. George, 
 who is a resident of Elmwood. is married and has three children ; Leo, Everett 
 and a baby. Isaac is engaged in the operation of a farm near Maquon. Robert, 
 a painter and decorator, is a resident of Knoxville. Curtis, the youngest mem- 
 ber .of the family, is conducting a flour and feed store at Xorwick, Kansas. 
 He is married and has one child, Harold. 
 
 Mr. Epley affiliated with the Lutheran faith, while his widow belongs to 
 the Presbyterian church. He voted the democratic ticket, and was an honored 
 member of the Grand Army of the Republic. The residence now occupied by 
 Mrs. Epley was erected by them more than twenty-seven years ago. In No- 
 vember, 1905, Mr. Epley passed away while on a visit in Gettysburg, Penn- 
 sylvania. 
 
 . O. JOHN OBERHOLTZER. : 
 
 By the intelligent and capable direction of his activities along agricultural 
 lines O. John Oberholtzer met with such success that he became one of the 
 extensive property owners of Elba township, spending the last years of a well 
 rounded life in retirement in \\'illiamsfield, his death occurring on November 
 II, 1911. He was born in the vicinity of Ashland. Wayne county, Ohio, on 
 the I2th of May, 1846. a son of James and Ann (Tedrow) Oberholtzer, both 
 of German extraction. The father was born and reared in Pennsylvania, but 
 in his early manhood he located in Ohio, where he followed the blacksmith's 
 trade until 1848, when with his wife and family he came to Knox county. Of 
 the marriage of Mr. and Mrs. Joseph Oberholtzer there were born five chil- 
 dren : Louisa J. : O. John ; Elizabeth J., who is deceased ; Homer W. : and Mary 
 E.. who has passed away. . .' ,. i 
 
 The son of a pioneer farmer, O. John Oberholtzer was afforded but limited 
 educational advantages, during which time he also assisted his father with the 
 cultivation of the fields. At the age of eighteen years he enlisted in Company 
 E, Eleventh Illinois X'olunteer Cavalry, going to the front on the 2Oth of Janu- 
 ary, 1865. where he remained until the close of hostilities. Upon receiving his 
 discharge he returned IKMIIC and again ajjplied his energies to the cultivation of 
 the farm, remaining with his ])eople until he was twenty-two. He then began 
 to make his own way in the world and the following year was married, imme- 
 diately after which he and his bride settled on a (|uarter section of land he had 
 purchased in Truro townslii]x He assiduously applied himself to the further 
 improvement of his property, during the succeeding five years, at the expira- 
 tion of which time he disposed of it. The jjroceeds he invested in three hun- 
 dred and twenty acres located in the same township, and there he lived until 
 his retirement. Mr. Oberholtzer i)erseveringly devoted his energies to general 
 farming and stock-raising and met with such excellent returns that he was 
 able to increase his holdings luitil he had acquired five hundred and ninety 
 acres. He erected good barns and substantial outbuildings as well as a com- 
 
y o:, r ::; HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY ,';';' 145 
 
 fortable residence on his homestead, which he further improved by the addi- 
 tion of many modern conveniences and comforts. The operation of his fields 
 and the harvesting of his abundant crops was always conducted under the per- 
 sonal supervision of Mr. Oberholtzer, who is a man of practical ideas and 
 progressive methods. To his capable supervision of every detail about his 
 farm as well as his energy and the concentration of his powers must be attributed 
 much of his success. 
 
 At Knoxville on the 2ist of February, 1869, Mr. Oberholtzer was united in 
 marriage to Miss Amelia A. Smith, a daughter of William H. and Mary (Almey) 
 Smith, natives of New York. Six children have been born unto Mr. and Mrs. 
 Oberholtzer, as follows: Clara E. ; Emma A.; Nellie J. ; Ida E. ; Edward J., 
 who is engaged in the practice of medicine, at Williamsfield ; and Joseph W., 
 who is deceased. "'I'^k ^^ 5- x.'.. ;'-?;;: ^,v'.;^c .;: 
 
 Mr. Oberholtzer was an honored member of the Grand Army of the Repub- 
 lic, being commander of the local post, and his political support was g^ven the 
 republican party. In 1880 he served as assessor and four years later he was 
 elected justice of the peace, while he also served as township supervisor for 
 nine years. He has always taken an active part in local political affairs and 
 up to the time of his death discharged the duties of justice of the peace. He 
 received and fully warranted the high esteem of the community, in which he 
 was widely known and left his family a comfortable competence and large 
 property interests, a monument of diligence and persistent effort. His demise 
 on November ii, 1911, caused deep sorrow to his family, to whom he had been 
 a devoted husband and father, and wide regret among his many friends and 
 acquaintances who reverently cherish his memory. He was laid to rest in the 
 cemetery at Williamsfield. ;,. .,v ;;-.., ;-, -,:-,. .. ::. ., ^- ^^ :^ . 
 
 ., ; ^ ' ' GENERAL F. C. SMITH. ::;'.;/ 
 
 General F. C. Smith, whose title came in recognition of the valiant services 
 which he rendered to his country in the Civil war, made an equally creditable , 
 record in private life and, although all days were not equally bright when 
 viewed from the financial standpoint, he ever maintained a high position in 
 the honor and regard of his fellowmen, and in fostering railroad building and 
 other business enterprises contributed much to the substantial development of 
 the districts in which he lived. He was born in Portageville, New York, July 
 14, 1824. His father, Cyrus Smith, was a soldier of the war of 1812 and his 
 example of military service and valor inspired the son, who later gave equal 
 proof of his patriotism and loyalty to his country. General Smith spent his 
 youthful days in Portageville and pursued his early education there. He also 
 studied for a year in Hamilton University and afterward engaged in teaching 
 school for a number of terms in his native town. He also added to his own 
 knowledge by reading and study and therein laid the foundation of that broad 
 general fund of information which always characterized him and which was 
 ever ready at his command. He was only fourteen years of age when he lost 
 his father so that from that time he was largely dependent upon his own re- 
 
' : ^ - HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY ./Os:>' ;V 
 
 sources. From the work of the schoolroom he turned his attention to con- 
 tracting and gained prominence in that line in the state of New York. He was 
 interested in the construction of the Geneseo canal and did extensive work on 
 the Erie canal besides executing other large contracts. For this work he was 
 splendidly qualified, possessing much natural mechanical ingenuity and talent 
 in the line of civil engineering. He also studied law while a resident of New 
 York and although he did not at that time enter upon active practice, he later 
 depended upon his knowledge of the principles of jurisprudence and the suc- 
 cess which he obtained in practice showed that he was well grounded in the 
 fundamentals of the law. 
 
 In February, 1856, General Smith was united in marriage to Miss Sarah 
 Gilbert, of Batavia, New York, and after residing for three years in the Empire 
 state they came to the middle west in 1859, settling in Oneida, Knox county, 
 Illinois. Some of the members of his family had preceded him and by reason 
 of this he was induced to establish his home in the Mississippi valley. He was 
 residing in Oneida when the Civil war broke out and his patriotic spirit was 
 fired by the attempt of the south to overthrow the Union. He was among 
 the first of this district to respond to the call to arms and he was connected 
 with some of the most brilliant achievements of the war. He took an active 
 part in organizing Companies A, B, D, F, H and I, of the One Hundred and 
 Second Illinois Regiment, all of which were raised in this county while the 
 other companies of the regiment were raised in Mercer, Warren and Rock 
 Island counties. The One Hundred and Second Illinois was mustered into 
 service, September 2, 1862, with F. C. Smith as lieutenant colonel, and it is 
 said that this command was never known to retreat. He was promoted to 
 the rank of colonel, October 24, 1862, following the resignation of Colonel 
 William McMurtry, and remained in command of his regiment until the close 
 of the war. It was successively connected with Gordon's Reserve Corps, the 
 Eleventh Army Corps and the Twentieth Army Corps, and during the Atlanta 
 campaign was a part of General Sherman's army. On the i6th of March, 
 1864, an order came attaching the regiment to the First Brigade of the Third 
 Division of the Twentieth Corps and in consequence thereof General Smith 
 participated in the campaign against Atlanta, followed by the celebrated march 
 under Sheridan to the sea. In this campaign he and his regiment made a record 
 of which his country may well be proud. They participated in the battle of 
 Resaca, May 15, 1864, and took part in the daring charge made across a ravine 
 against a rebel fort which they captured. Colonel Smith being one of the first 
 to enter the fort. Subsequently the One Hundred and Second Illinois was 
 in the engagement of New Hope Church and at Golgotha Church, and, on the 
 i6th of June, 1864, at Pine Mountain, Georgia, their commander was severely 
 wounded in the left leg above the knee. As soon as he was able to walk he 
 returned to the command of his regiment, which was on the loth of August, 
 1864. When General Benjamin Harrison was granted a furlough and returned 
 home the command of the brigade fell upon General Smith and he led it on the 
 great march through the wilderness to Savannah. After that he was granted 
 a furlough and visited his family and home, but rejoined his regiment on the 
 I3th of April, 1865, near Raleigh, and with the brigade under General Harri- 
 son marched on to Washington, participating in the grand review on the 24th 
 
,:;;;;::; . HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY /; vi^'^ 
 
 :''' .. '' . ' - ' '.^' ' 
 
 of May, 1865, his regiment leading the brigade. They were mustered out in. 
 June and Colonel Smith was breveted brigadier general on account of his long 
 and efficient service. The president treated him with great respect and paid 
 him a high compliment because of the valorous aid which he had rendered 
 his country. ,...,'. - ":V ^^ 
 
 When the war was over General Smith returned to his home in Oneida - 
 and became prominently connected with the building of the Fort Scott & West- ; 
 ern Railway. The failure of this road embarrassed him financially, for he r 
 had spent much of his private means to pay the men. About 1874 he removed 
 to Galesburg. While living in New York he had studied law and was admitted 
 to practice in the courts of Illinois about 1883. For ten or twelve years he ': 
 occupied the same office as the Hon. J. C. Stewart and during 1877 and 1878, 
 when Mr. Stewart was mayor of the city. General Smith served as city attor- ; 
 ney. He followed his profession continuously for a number of years and his , 
 opinions upon law matters were regarded as models of clearness and per- ' ' 
 spicuity. General Smith also became one of the builders of the Central Illinois ' 
 Railroad. During President Cleveland's administration he was connected with 
 the revenue office at Peoria and from 1883 until 1885 served as superintendent . 
 of streets in Galesburg. He was ever loyal to the public trusts reposed in him . 
 and was equally faithful in the discharge of every private duty. 
 
 Unto Mr. and Mrs. Smith there were born two children, but the younger, a :, 
 daughter, Anna, is now deceased. The son, William, still resides in Gales- 
 burg as does his widowed mother, Mrs. Sarah Smith. The death of General 'V 
 Smith occurred in 1891. He belonged to Vester Lodge, No. 584, A. F. & .; ; 
 A. M., and to the Royal Arch chapter, and his religious faith was indicated ". 
 by his membership in the First Baptist church. His was an upright and honor- . 
 able life, in consistent harmony with his professions, and at all times he was r. 
 actuated by the spirit of progress that prompted his hearty cooperation in many 
 movements for the material, intellectual, political and moral progress of his 
 community, "i ; f-. " 1^ : 
 
 ^-/,;^,^-:; ';;-;' '' ::;".:/";::;;. WILFRED ARNOLD. V? .; ' '.\\.-^--.'^'-'..^.- ^^'^ '' 
 
 Wilfred Arnold, lawyer and legislator, who as a member of the firm of . 
 Arnold & Arnold, is practicing in the courts of. Illinois, makes his home in 
 Galesburg, his native city, where he was born June 24, 1871. His parents were . .; 
 Benjamin F. and Ella (Ferris) Arnold, natives of New York, of whom men- . 
 tion is made elsewhere in this volume. 
 
 - Wilfred Arnold spent his youthful days in this city and in the acquirement . .. 
 of his education attended the public schools until graduated from the high 
 school with the class of 1889. He afterward entered Knox College, therein : : 
 completing his course in 1894. His law studies were pursued at Harvard and ;. .; 
 after two years' preparation he was admitted to the bar, on the ipth of Novem- .'0 
 ber, 1896, and opened an office in Galesburg, where he has since followed his ; 
 profession, practicing now as a member of the firm of Arnold & Arnold. . : 
 
^;-: HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY \% v:^: 
 
 On the i8th of October, 1899, Mr. Arnold was married to Miss Nina May 
 Lahann, who was born in Monmouth, Illinois, a daughter of Riehier and Kath- 
 arine (Fongart) Lahann, who were natives of Germany, but now reside in 
 Galesburg. Of their three children but two are living: Ida, now the wife of 
 Fred Hayden, of Warren county, Illinois; and Nina May, who became Mrs. 
 Arnold and is the mother of one child, Katherine. Mr. Arnold is a member 
 of the Central Congregational church and his wife holds membership in the 
 Episcopal church. He belongs also to the Benevolent Protective Order of Elks 
 and gives his political support to the republican party. He has been somewhat 
 prominent in political circles and has twice been called to represent his district in 
 the state legislature, serving in the forty-third and forty-fourth general assem- 
 blies. While undoubtedly not without that honorable ambition which is so power- 
 ful and useful as an incentive to activity in public affairs, he regards the pursuits 
 of private life as being in themselves abundantly worthy of his best efforts. He 
 has never regarded a public office as a personal asset and in discharging his 
 duties has ever subordinated personal ambition to public good. His energies, 
 however, have been chiefly concentrated upon his professional duties. 
 
 V.-. . WILLIAM HENRY MALEY, M. S., M. D, . - 
 
 Thorough training and recognition of the responsibilities which devolve 
 upon him as a physician and surgeon, have won for Dr. William H. Maley an 
 enviable place in the ranks of the medical fraternity of Galesburg. His record 
 is in contradistinction to the old adage that a prophet is not without honor 
 save in his own country, for he has won signal success in this district, in which 
 his entire life has been passed. 
 
 He was born in Galesburg township on the 27th of March, 1867, his parents 
 being Michael and Ann (Ryan) Maley. The former was a son of John 
 Maley, who died on the Emerald isle when a comparatively young man. He 
 and his wife reared a large family, which included Owen, who became a resi- 
 dent of Troy, New York, while a brother went to Australia. Michael Maley 
 was born in County Croom, Ireland, and spent his youth in his native land. In 
 1855 he determined to try his fortune in America and, empty-handed, sailed for 
 the new world. He first settled in Lebanon, Ohio, and as his financial condition 
 made it imperative that he obtain immediate employment, he began work as a 
 farm hand and devoted the succeeding two years to that task. He thfcn came to 
 Galesburg and engaged as a farm hand with Len Conger but, desiring that his la- 
 bors should more directly benefit himself, he afterward began farming on his own 
 account by renting a tract of land southwest of the city. Later he was united in 
 marriage to Miss Ann Ryan, who was born near Brimfield, Illinois, and was a 
 daughter of Dennis and Johanna (Hennessey) Ryan. Her father was a farmer 
 by occupation and followed that pursuit until his death. His wife long survived 
 him, reaching the very advanced age of ninety-three years. They had two daugh- 
 ters, Ann and Mary, the former becoming the wife of Michael Maley. It was not 
 long afterward that Mr. Maley purchased eighty acres of land in Galesburg town- 
 ship, bending every energy to the further development and improvement of his 
 
148 HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY . 
 
 On the i8th of October, 1899, Mr. Arnold was married to Miss Nina May 
 Lahann, who was born in Monmouth, Illinois, a daughter of Riemer and Kath- 
 erine (Fongart) Lahann, who were natives of Germany, but now reside in 
 Galesburg. Of their three children but two are living: Ida, now the wife of 
 Fred Hayden, of Warren county. Illinois; and Xina May. who became Mrs. 
 Arnold and is the mother of one child, Katherine. Mr. Arnold is a member 
 of the Central Congregational church and his wife holds membership in the 
 Episcopal church. He belongs also to the Benevolent Protective Order of Elks 
 and gives his political support to the republican party. He has been somewhat 
 prominent in political circles and has twice been called to represent his district in 
 the state legislature, serving in the forty-third and forty-fourth general assem- 
 blies. While undoubtedly not without that honorable ambition which is so power- 
 ful and useful as an incentive to activity in public affairs, he regards the pursuits 
 of private life as being in themselves abundantly worthy of his best efforts. He 
 has never regarded a public office as a personal asset and in discharging his 
 duties has ever subordinated personal ambition to public good. His energies, 
 however, have been chiefly concentrated upon his professional duties. 
 
 WILLIAM HEXRY MALEY, M. S., M. D. 
 
 ,- ' -^ .. \ ' 
 
 Thorough training and recognition of the responsibilities which devolve 
 upon him as a physician and surgeon, have won for Dr. William H. Maley an 
 enviable place in the ranks of the medical fraternity of Galesburg. His record 
 is in contradistinction to the old adage that a prophet is not without honor 
 save in his own country, for he has won signal success in this flistrict, in which 
 his entire life has been passed. 
 
 He was born in Galesburg township on the 27th of March. 1867, his parents 
 being Michael and Ann (Ryan) Maley. The former was a son of John 
 Maley, who died on the Emerald isle when a comparatively young man. He 
 and his wife reared a large family, which included Owen, who became a resi- 
 dent of Troy, New York, while a brother went to Australia. Michael Maley 
 was born in County Croom. Ireland, and spent his youth in his native land. In 
 I8.T5 he determined to try his fortune in America and, empty-handed, sailed for 
 the new world. He first settled in Lel^anon, Ohio, and as his financial condition 
 made it imperative that he obtain immediate employment, he began work as a 
 farm hand and devoted the succeeding two years to that task. He then came to 
 Galesburg and engaged as a farm hand with Len Conger but, desiring that his la- 
 bors should more directly benefit himself, he afterward began farming on his own 
 account by renting a tract of land southwest of the city. Later he was united in 
 marriage to Miss Ann Ryan, who was born near Drimfield, Illinois, and was a 
 daughter of Dennis and Johanna (Hennessey) Ryan. Her father was a farmer 
 by occupation and followed that pursuit until his death. His wife long survived 
 him. reaching the very advanced age of ninety-three years. They had two daugh- 
 ters, Ann and Mary, the former becoming the wife of Michael Maley. It was not 
 long afterward that Mr. Maley purchased eighty acres of land in Galesburg town- 
 ship, bending every energy to the further development and improvement of his 
 
, HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY "7V ; :^ 
 
 :.''.':'.'''-:' -'' ~ '"'.. ^.y'-^^'' 
 
 farm, to which he added from time to time until he became the owner of three 
 hundred and twenty acres. Year by year he carefully tilled the soil until he 
 had brought the entire place under a high state of cultivation, the rich and 
 arable fields returning to him golden harvests. In 1899 he determined to put 
 aside business cares and, leaving the farm, removed to Galesburg, where he 
 purchased a residence that he continued to occupy until his death, which oc- 
 curred July 9, 1901, when he was seventy-three years of age. His wife still 
 survives him and, like her husband, holds membership in the Catholic church. 
 He held many offices and positions of trust and at all times sought the progress 
 and improvement of the community in which he made his home. He and his wife 
 were among the stanch, unflinching pioneers of Knox county public-spirited and 
 progressive, firmly believing that knowledge is power. Accordingly they equipped 
 their nine children with diplomas from the best schools and colleges of the city. 
 In fact, Mrs. Maley will not have to wait long before seeing her grandsons, 
 Charles Maley and George L. Burns, and her granddaughter, E^tella M. Burns, 
 all graduates of Knox College and St. Joseph's Academy. She is not only affec- 
 tionately called grandmother of St. Joseph's Academy but the happy grand- 
 mother of all the children who know her. She is genial, jovial, young and spry 
 as a girl, though an indefatigable worker, and is a great lover of children, flowers 
 and gardens. She has just completed a handsome and spacious brick residence 
 and her home is always filled with guests and friends who earnestly hope that she 
 will continue to spread the rays of sunshine for many years to come. 
 
 To Mr. and Mrs. Michael Maley there were born nine children : Madge, now 
 the wife of Charles H. Burns, of Galesburg ; William H. ; John E., a lawyer of 
 this city ; Mary E., who is teaching in the Galesburg city schools ; Frank T., an 
 electrician of New York city; Anna E., a teacher in Galesburg; Adele M., of 
 Galesburg; George E., a practicing physician of this city; and Fred L., who is 
 engaged in mercantile and journalistic work. 
 
 Dr. William H. Maley spent his youthful days on his father's farm and 
 early became familiar with the labors incident to the development and cultiva- 
 tion of the fields. After attending the district schools he further pursued his 
 studies in St. Joseph's Academy and was graduated from Brown's Business ' 
 College in 1888. His more specifically literary education was acquired in Knox 
 College, in which he completed his course with the class of 1894, and while in 
 college he won many honors in oratory and was a winner of the Colton debate. 
 His broad, general learning served as an excellent foundation upon which to 
 build professional success and in preparation therefor he entered Rush Medical , 
 College of Chicago, from which he was graduated as valedictorian of the class 
 of 1897. Returning at once to Galesburg, he here opened an office and in the 
 intervening period of fifteen years, by faithful application to professional busi- 
 ness and keeping abreast with the marvelous strides in medicine and surgery, 
 he has succeeded in building up until he now enjoys a most successful and ex- 
 tensive practice, second to none in central Illinois. The assistance of a younger 
 brother, Dr. George E. Maley, a promising young physician, is now necessary 
 to enable him to handle his practice. He is very careful in the diagnosis of 
 his cases and his judgment is seldom if ever at fault in foretelling the outcome 
 of disease. He has pursued post-graduate work in the New York Post Graduate 
 Medical School and Hospital, which he attended in 1899. His reading and 
 
152 ; HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY .-v; ;;;;;> 
 
 research have been broad and have brought to him comprehensive knowledge , ': 
 of the great scientific principles which underly his chosen profession. In 1902 . 
 he went to Europe and pursued a course at Berlin and Heidelberg, Germany. 
 
 On the 3Oth of June, 1902, Dr. Maley was united in marriage to Miss Clara . ' 
 Augusta Forrester, a daughter of Edward and Mary Desire (Brown) Forrester. 
 Her father was a native of County Roscommon, Ireland, and a son of James ;. . 
 and Katherine (Moore) Forrester, whose family numbered nine children, all . 
 of whom are now deceased with the exception of Thomas Forrester, who resides -, 
 in Laporte, Indiana. The birth of Mrs. Edward Forrester occurred at Stoning- r, 
 ton, Illinois, and she was a daughter of John and Mary Ann (Desire) Brown, : 
 the former a prominent man and a teacher of North Stonington, Connecticut. 
 TTie death of Edward Forrester occurred in 1909, when he had reached the :^ 
 age of seventy- four years. His wife is still living, a respected citizen of Taylor- 
 ville, at the age of sixty-six years. Following the discovery of gold in Cali- 
 fornia, he made a trip by wagon across the plains in 1849 and out of a party : 
 of thirty-five he was one of only three who survived the perilous journey. To 
 him and his wife were born six children, of whom three reached adult age: '. 
 Katherine, who became the wife of Jacob Corzine but is now deceased; James, .; 
 an attorney of Taylorville ; and Clara Augusta. Mrs. Augusta Forrester Maley, ; 
 wife of the Doctor, was born in Taylorville, Illinois, September 24, 1877, and ; 
 is a graduate of the Taylorville high school. For some time she also attended - 
 the State Normal at Normal, Illinois, developing a musical temperament, and 
 later entered Knox Conservatory of Music at Galesburg, for further develop- 
 ment, from which institution she was graduated in 1901. For three years she . 
 was organist of the Baptist church of Taylorville, at the same time conducting 
 a studio at that place, and was subsequently called to fill the chair of musical .. 
 director in the Montana Wesleyan College at Helena, Montana. She resigned 
 that position in 1902 to become the bride of Dr. Maley and after their marriage . - 
 they took an extended trip through Europe, visiting all the interesting points 
 and places. Especially were they fortunate in having an audience with Pope -"' 
 Leo XIII. Mrs. Maley often sings for the benefit of church and charitable ; 
 organizations and is a devoted mother and home maker. The marriage of Dr. 
 and Mrs. Maley has been blessed with two sons, William Forrester and Robert ; 
 Frederick. 
 
 The parents are members of the Catholic church and Dr. .Maley also belongs 
 to the Knights of Columbus, the Benevolent and Protective Order of Elks and , ; 
 to the Galesburg Club and the Soangetaha Country Club. His political alle- f.- 
 giance is given to the democratic party and for eight years he served as a mem- 
 ber of the city council, exercising his official prerogative in support of many - 
 movements and measures for the general good. In strictly professional lines T 
 his membership is with the County and State Medical Societies, the American ' 
 Medical Association and the Association of Military Surgeons of the United .; 
 States. For ten years he was a member of the National Guard, serving with ' . 
 the rank of first lieutenant, and is at present a member of the Medical Reserve \' 
 Corps of the United States army with the same rank. He is generous with his v 
 time, skill and money in behalf of charity and suffering humanity. His friends, -. 
 and they are many, find him a genial, social gentleman and he is never remiss in 
 the duties of citizenship, notwithstanding the fact that his professional duties ' 
 
: .,'- ; .;; HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY : ^;: 
 
 are making a constantly greater and greater demand upon his time and energies. 
 He is keenly interested in all that tends to bring to light the key to the complex 
 mystery which we call life, and his studies have ever kept him thoroughly in 
 touch with the onward march of the profession. 
 
 ':.::,;,;...-;-:-::;;;';;.; MADISON c. BATES. -:. ' -J'^'-":'-''^'" .'-::..:! 
 
 Madison C. Bates, now living retired in Galesburg, well merits the rest whidl 
 is his, because his life has been an active and useful one, characterized by earnest 
 labor and by successful accomplishment along several lines. He was born in 
 Morgan county, Illinois, in 1836, and is therefore today one of the oldest native 
 residents of the state. His birth occurred near where the city of Jacksonville 
 now stands. Six years before his father, Joseph H. Bates, had removed to 
 that county from Tennessee and after residing in Morgan county for about 
 sixteen years, 'he took his family to Adams county, settling near Camp Point, :;; 
 where he lived for a number of years, devoting his time and energies during 
 that period to farming. 
 
 Madison C. Bates was educated in the public schools of Adams county and 
 in Cherry Grove Commons. He received excellent home training which de- 
 veloped in him habits of industry, perseverance and determination. Following 
 his marriage he purchased a farm in Cedar township and took up agricultural 
 pursuits on his own account. He has resided continuously in Knox county 
 since i86i save for the period of eight years spent in Oberlin, Ohio, and several 
 years in Toulon, Illinois. He has not confined his attention entirely to agri- , 
 cultural pursuits, for he was instrumental in organizing the First National Bank 
 of Abingdon and became its first president, serving for five years. When he 
 went to Ohio to live he disposed of his farm and since his return has lived 
 retired in Galesburg. ; 7-S:'r^^x.Vi^'-';>.''^-:L^^-;.^^ ''.-';;;;';''-''-. - \.' '-ix;;. 
 
 It was on the i6th of May, i86i, that Mr. Bates was united in marriage to 
 Miss Emma Lattimer, a daughter of Greorge G. Lattimer, of Cedar township, 
 Knox county, who came to this state from Tennessee. He was a son of Joseph 
 Lattimer who brought the family from Tennessee in the fall of 1832, making 
 the journey by wagon. That was the year of the Black Hawk war in which he 
 served as a soldier, and in this section of the state there were many evidences of 
 pioneer life at that early period, the family experiencing all of the hardships 
 incident to residence on the frontier. In his family were eight children of whom 
 five reached years of maturity. One of these, William D. Lattimer, attended 
 Knox College and after his graduation there entered the Albany (New York) 
 Law School, from which he was in due time graduated. He then enlisted in 
 the Civil war, serving in the quartermaster's department, but while at the front 
 was stricken with yellow fever and was buried at sea, off Fortress Monroe. 
 The three surviving members of the family of George Lattimer are: Mrs.,:;/ 
 Emma Bates; Mrs. Mire E. Patten, of Enid, Oklahoma; and Mrs. D. B. Miller,. , 
 of Abingdon. 
 
 George G. Lattimer, the father of Mrs. Bates, was a young man when he 
 accompanied the family to Illinois. While en route, in Sangamon county, he 
 
154 HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY :;: ^ ;; :.^^ ;[ -r^: 
 
 met Miss Rebecca Drennan, his future wife, subsequently returning to that 
 county where he married her. They made the journey to Knox county on horse- 
 back and here spent their remaining days, Mr. Lattimer following the occupa- 
 tion of farming. They provided their children with good educational privileges, 
 making it possible for them to attend the seminary located near what is now 
 Abingdon or, as it was known in an early day. Cherry Grove. Mr. Lattimer 
 assisted in establishing that school and was very liberal in its support. 
 
 Unto the marriage of Mr. and Mrs. Bates there were born five children: 
 George L., who is now in Africa ; Mrs. Ula G. Lee, who was a missionary in 
 Turkey for twenty years ; Mary D., the wife of Dr. A. I. Sargent ; Harriet B., 
 the wife of W. E. Gould, of Kewanee, Illinois ; and Madison C., professor of 
 English in the State College at Brookings, South Dakota. 
 
 Both Mr. and Mrs. Bates hold membership in the Central Congregational 
 church of Galesburg and in former years he was identified with the Masonic 
 fraternity but has been demitted. His political allegiance has been given to the 
 republican party since age conferred upon him the right of franchise and while 
 he has never been a politician in the sense of office^seeking he has always kept 
 well informed on the questions and issues of the day and for seven years filled 
 the office of supervisor from Cedar township. In 1911, he and his wife cele- 
 brated their golden wedding, on which occasion all of the family were united at 
 a reunion. 
 
 : HENRY F. ARNOLD. v J 
 
 Henry F. Arnold, engaged in the general insurance business, with offices in 
 the Commercial block, has always been a resident of Galesburg and is, therefore, 
 well known to its citizens. His parents were Benjamin F. and Ella (Ferris) 
 Arnold, who are mentioned at length elsewhere in this work. The son spent 
 his youthful days in his native city and at the usual age entered the public 
 schools, mastering the different branches of learning that constitute the curric- 
 ulum until graduated from the high school with the class of 1885. He then 
 entered the classic walls of old Knox a college that has never lowered its 
 standards through all the years of its existence and was graduated therefrom 
 in 1890. The initial year of his business experience was spent in the general 
 offices of the Chicago, Burlington & Quincy Railroad at Galesburg and for five 
 years thereafter he was connected with the Galesburg Electric Motor & Power 
 Company as secretary and treasurer. Since 1897 he has been engaged in the 
 insurance business and fourteen years' identification with this line stands as 
 incontrovertible proof of the fact that success must have attended his efforts in 
 this field, while careful analyzation of his career indicates that close application 
 and indefatigable energy have been the salient features in his progress. 
 
 On the 27th of April, 1893, Mr. Arnold was married to Miss Anna Ward, 
 of Springfield, a daughter of Henry and Pauline (Roth) Ward. Her father 
 came from Ohio, while her mother was at one time a resident of Camp Point, 
 Illinois. The latter died in Galesburg, April 6, 1908, at the age of fifty-nine 
 years, while Mr. Ward had departed this life in Ohio many years before. Fol- 
 
. , -v :. HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY r^:' 155 
 
 lowing his demise his widow became the wife of C. J. Owen, of Camp Point, 
 and he, too, is now deceased. She was a daughter of John and Pauline (Schell) 
 Roth, who were early settlers of Camp Point, where they reared their family of 
 four children, Theodore, John, Pauline and Anna, the last named the wife of 
 E. A. Rhea. Mr. and Mrs. Arnold have become the parents of a daughter and 
 son, Esther Pauline and Henry Ferris, Jr. The parents hold membership in 
 the Central Congregational church and are allied with many movements that 
 contribute to the material, intellectual, social and moral welfare of the com- 
 munity. His political views accord with the principles of the republican party 
 and as city assessor for three years he proved himself a capable official, individual 
 interests being at all times made subservient to the general good. 
 
 ::;;. V. ...::; :;: :,;. DAVID McWILLIAMS. .. ' . I '^'<^--''--].i ''(..: 
 
 The late David McWilliams was one of the well known fanners of Knox 
 county and he also served in a number of public offices, having acted as constable 
 of Knoxville and Orange township for twenty-five years. He was bom in 
 Maquon township, this county, on the 7th of April, 1846, and was a son of 
 Robert and Margaret (Thurman) McWilliams. The parents were natives of 
 Ohio, whence they came in the pioneer days to Knox county, settling on a farm 
 the father purchased in Maquon township. The cultivation of his, land engaged 
 his attention during the remainder of his active life and there they both passed 
 away. Their family consisted of six sons and four daughters, of whom there 
 are now living three sons and two daughters : John ; Manson, who lives in 
 Maquon township ; Anson, also of Maquon township ; Mandana, the wife of 
 Frank Burtnett, of Galesburg; and Rosella, who married Edward Buck, now 
 residing in the vicinity of Galesburg. -i 
 
 Reared under the paternal roof, in the acquirement of his education David 
 McWilliams attended the district schools until he had mastered the common 
 branches. He was early trained in the work of the fields and care of the stock, 
 devoting his entire attention to agricultural pursuits from the time he left school 
 until the opening of the war. Although he was only sixteen at the opening of 
 hostilities he enlisted at Maquon in the Fourteenth Illinois Volunteer Cavalry, 
 starting to the front from Peoria. He continued in the service until after Lee's 
 surrender, participating in many of the notable battles of the war. After receiv- 
 ing his discharge he returned to Knox county and again took up farming. ' 
 
 On the nth of January, 1866, Mr. McWilliams and Miss Mary E. Rambo 
 were united in marriage. She was born in Gallia county, Ohio, on the 26th of 
 June, 1846, and is a daughter of Harvey and Deborah (Faulkner) Rambo, also 
 natives of Ohio, the father's birth having occurred in March, 1825. Mr. and 
 Mrs. Rambo came to Knox county in the early days, settling on a farm he 
 bought in Orange township. Here they spent the remainder of their lives, the 
 mother's death occurring on the 25th of April, 1904. Unto them were bom 
 two sons and four daughters, four of whom are now living, Mrs. McWilliams, ''._ 
 being the eldest of these. The others in order of birth are as follows : Emery, 
 who lives near Maquon ; Lodema, the wife of Thomas Painter, who also lives 
 
156 HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY : / , 
 
 in the vicinity of Maquon ; and Andrew. Levi Rambo, the grandfather of Mrs. 
 Me Williams, was a veteran of the war of 1812. The family originally settled 
 in Virginia, when they came to America, removing from there to Ohio, thence 
 to Illinois, Unto Mr. and Mrs. McWilliams there were born five children, one 
 of whom died in infancy. The eldest of the family is Flora, the wife of Leonard 
 Stegall, who has one son, Floyd. Frank, who is a resident of Seattle, Washing-. 
 ton, married Miss Ollie West, a native of this county, and they have two 
 children. Alma and Lucy. Elmer married Miss Mertie- Gearhart, of New Mexico, 
 and they are now living in Canyon City, Colorado. Lodema, the next in order 
 of birth, is deceased. Hattie married Andrew Peterson and they have four 
 children : Forest, Isil L., Dorothy O. and Clara May. 
 
 In matters of faith Mr. McWilliams was a Universalist, and his widow is a 
 member of the Methodist Episcopal church. He was always one of the honored 
 members of the local post of the Grand Army of the Republic and Mrs. Me- 
 Williams is identified with the Women's Relief Corps. All matters of public 
 interest engaged the attention of Mr. McWilliams, who served with efficiency 
 as deputy sheriff and city marshal of Knoxville, while he also acted as school 
 director. That he discharged the duties of the different offices he filled with a 
 conscientious sense of his public responsibilities is manifested by the long period 
 of his service. . 
 
 : :K-> MARK E. TUCKER. V . 
 
 The late Mark E. Tucker, who passed away on the I2th of November, 1907, ^ 
 was one of the highly successful agfriculturists and stockmen of Truro town- 
 ship. He was born in Knox county in 1869, and was a son of Samuel and Mary ;= 
 Tucker, who are mentioned at greater length elsewhere in this work. ' ': 
 
 : Having been reared on a farm, Mark E. Tucker obtained his education in 
 the district schools, during which time he was laying the foundation for a sue- : 
 cessful agricultural career by assisting his father with the work of the fields and 
 care of the stock. After leaving school he devoted his entire attention to 
 farming, first at home under the capable supervision of his father, and later - ."; 
 for himself. He was an indefatigable worker with practical and intelligent 
 ideas, and so capably directed his endeavors that he met with a most gratifying 
 degree of success. At the time of his death he owned four hundred acres of 
 land, under high cultivation and well improved, that his widow is now -operating, v 
 His fields were carefully tilled and devoted to such cereals as were best adapted 
 to the soil, the greater portion of which he used in feeding. In connection with 
 his general farming he also raised stock, and for several years prior to his 
 death he extensively engaged in buying and shipping cattle and hogs. ' . 
 
 For his wife Mr. Tucker chose Miss Nellie J. Oberholtzer, and to them were -; '' 
 bom three children : Mary Alina, who died at the age of one month ; Edna { 
 Ida, who was born November i, 1899; and Otto John, whose birth occurred 
 on the 3Oth of December, 1905. The two latter are both in school. ; .- 
 
 Fraternally Mr. Tucker was a Mason and his political support he gave to :.-'"; 
 the republican party. A capable agriculturist and a business man of more than > -' i 
 
156 :' HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY 
 
 in the vicinity of Maquon ; and Andrew. Levi Rambo, the grandfather of Mrs. 
 McWilliams, was a veteran of the war of 1812. The family originally settled 
 in Virginia, when they came to America, removing from there to Ohio, thence 
 to Illinois. Unto Mr. and Mrs. ]\IcWilliams there were born five children, one 
 of whom died in infancy. The eldest of the family is Flora, the wife of Leonard 
 Stegall, who has one son, Floyd. Frank, who is a resident of Seattle, Washing- 
 ton, married Miss Ollie West, a native of this county, and they have two 
 children. Alma and Lucy. Elmer married Miss Mertie Gearhart, of New Mexico, 
 and they are now living in Canyon City. Colorado. Lodema, the next in order 
 of birth, is deceased. Hattie married Andrew Peterson and they have four 
 children : Forest, Isil L., Dorothy O. and Clara May. 
 
 In matters of faith Mr. McWilliams was a Universalist, and his widow is a 
 member of the Methodist Fpiscopal church. He was always one of the honored 
 members of the local post of the Grand Army of the Republic and Mrs. Mc- 
 Williams is identified with the Women's Relief Corps. All matters of public 
 interest engaged the attention of Mr. McWilliams, who served with efficiency 
 as deputy sheriff and city marshal of Knoxville, while he also acted as school 
 director. That he discharged the duties of the different offices he filled with a 
 conscientious sense of his public responsibilities is manifested by the long period 
 of his service. 
 
 . ;. MARK E. TUCKER. : 
 
 The late Mark E. Tucker, who passed away on the I2th of November, 1907, 
 was one of the highly successful agriculturists and stockmen of Truro town- 
 ship. He was born in Knox county in 1869. and was a son of Samuel and Mary 
 Tucker, who are mentioned at greater length elsewhere in this work. 
 
 Having been reared on a farm. Mark E. Tucker obtained his education in 
 the district schools, during which time he was laying the foundation for a suc- 
 cessful agricultural career by assisting his father with the work of the fields and 
 care of the stock. After leaving school he devoted his entire attention to 
 farming, first at home under the capable supervision of his father, and later 
 for himself. He was an indefatigable worker with practical and intelligent 
 ideas, and so capably directed his endeavors that he met with a most gratifying 
 degree of success. At the time of his death he owned four hundred acres of 
 land, under high cultivation and well improved, that his widow is now operating. 
 His fields were carefully tilled and devoted to such cereals as were best adapted 
 to the soil, the greater portion of which he used in feeding. In connection with 
 his general farming he also raised stock, and for several years prior to his 
 death he extensively engaged in buying and shipping cattle and hogs. 
 
 For his wife Mr. Tucker chose Miss Nellie J. Oberholtzer, and to them were 
 born three children : ^Vlary Alina. who died at the age of one month ; Edna 
 Ida, who was born November i. 1899; and Otto John, whose birth occurred 
 on the 3Oth of December, 1905. The two latter are both in school. 
 
 Fraternally Mr. Tucker was a Mason and his political support he gave to 
 the republican party. A capable agriculturist and a business man of more than 
 
(' , 'ti cA'f / . : 
 
, I 
 
 I 
 1 
 
; - - ; HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY .f. ^^ . 159 
 
 average foresight and sagacity, he was recognized as one of the most successful 
 citizens of the township. He was public-spirited and progressive in his ideas, 
 and took a deep interest in promoting the development of the community, and 
 gave his unqualified indorsement to every movement that he felt was at all 
 likely to advance the welfare of the township. A member of one of the well 
 known pioneer families, he was widely known and highly respected, possessing 
 many substantial qualities that won him the esteem of all with whom he had 
 transactions. '; ''\^':--\ :7;, >';'':'-;:/ ';;!^^^V/':^^;:^'"-v^''^' -. ' '''"-:'.-''' 
 
 w. GRUBB. i:^^^/ \-- r.;;>'^>;vv,-; 
 
 James W. Grubb, secretary, treasurer and manager of the West Drug Com- 
 pany of Galesburg, was bom in Atlanta, Georgia, July 15, 1868, his parents 
 being Samuel W. and Jane A. (Wright) Grubb. The father was a native of 
 Washington, D. C., born August 19, 1832, and the mother's birth occurred in 
 Selma, Alabama, July 20, 1840. Samuel W. Grubb learned the printer's trade 
 and when a young man went to Atlanta, Georgia, where he secured a position 
 on the Atlantic Telegram, becoming superintendent of that paper. In 1872 he 
 removed to Galesburg, purchasing the Republican and consolidating it with the 
 Register. For thirty years he remained at the head of the Register and made 
 it one of the leading papers of the state outside of the large Chicago dailies. 
 He became recognized as one of the foremost journalists of Illinois. When 
 his son, James W. Grubb, took over the stock the father retired and spent his 
 remaining days in the enjoyment of well earned rest. He commanded the 
 respect and honor of all with whom he came in contact and was recognized as 
 an influential factor in the community, his paper being at all times recognized 
 as a force and power for good along the lines of general advancement, reform 
 and improvement. His political allegiance was given to the republican party 
 and while residing in Atlanta he filled the office of alderman. He was also 
 prominent in the Odd Fellows society and served as grand scribe of the grand 
 lodge of the state of Georgia. In the Episcopal church, in which he long held 
 membership, he filled the office of vestryman and at all times was a willing 
 cooperant in its well defined lines of work for the moral progress and uplift of 
 the community. He died on the 6th of September, 1909, and is still survived by 
 his widow who is now a resident of Atlanta, Georgia. They were married 
 November 28, 1867 Thanksgiving Day at Atlanta. Georgia, and became the 
 parents of three sons, but Lucien and William A. both died in infancy. 
 
 James W. Grubb, the eldest of the family, pursued his education in the 
 Galesburg schools, having been brought to this city by his parents when a lad 
 of four years. After completing his public-school course he attended Knox 
 Academy and then worked in his father's newspaper office, of which he became 
 foreman. Gradually as his experience increased and his business ability de- 
 veloped, he more and more largely assumed the management and control of the 
 paper and following his father's retirement became secretary, treasurer and 
 business manager. He was thus active in shaping the policy and molding the 
 destiny of the paper until the I7th of April, 1909, when he disposed of his stock 
 
 Vol. n 8 
 
160 ' HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY ; ; 
 
 in the Republican-Register. He afterward engaged in dealing in real estate to a 
 limited extent and on the 5th of June, 1911, again entered into active relations 
 with the business interests of Galesburg as the secretary, treasurer and manager 
 of the West Drug Company. They conduct a retail drug business and enjoy an 
 extensive trade, the business policy of the house being such as to commend it 
 to the confidence and support of the general public. 
 
 On the I4th of July, 1892, Mr. Grubb was united in marriage to Miss Jose-v 
 phine Parry, a daughter of Samuel J. and Martha (Scofield) Parry, of this city. 
 Her father was born in Athens, Pennsylvania, January i, 1825, and the mother's 
 birth occurred in the state of New York, July 4, 1831. Samuel Parry was a 
 contractor and on coming to the middle west settled in Canton, Illinois. He 
 afterward lived in Viola, Mercer county, this state, before coming to Galesburg, 
 where he continued in business as a contractor, becoming senior partner of the 
 firm of Parry & Stevens. He was thus long associated with industrial interests 
 in this city but is now living retired, his former enterprise and perseverance 
 having brought to him the substantial competence that now enables him to 
 enjoy rest from further labor. His political allegiance is given to the republican 
 party and he has served as school director but has never sought nor held political 
 office. He belongs to the Independent Order of Odd Fellows and to the Central 
 Congregational church, and during the years of his residence in Galesburg his 
 well spent life has ever commanded the confidence and good-will of those who 
 know him. Unto him and his wife were born four children but the first two, 
 Jeanette and Mary, are deceased. The others are Dr. H. E. Parry and Mrs. 
 Grubb, who was born in Galesburg. July 7, 1873, and by her marriage has be- 
 come the mother of two children : Samuel Parry, born in Galesburg, September 
 i8, 1893; and Jeanette Parry, born in this city, July ii, 1901. 
 
 Since age conferred upon him the right of franchise Mr. Grubb has voted 
 with the republican party and keeps well informed on the questions and issues 
 of the day. He is a member of Central Congregational church, is serving as one 
 of its trustees and is interested in its various lines of work. He also belongs to 
 the Odd Fellows lodge and to the Country Club, and those who know him and 
 his friends are many find him a social, genial gentleman, always courteous and 
 approachable. He has long since learned not to select the second best but to 
 choose those things which count for greatest worth in business, in municipal 
 affairs and in character development. . . , . :. 
 
 . :,: BENJAMIN F. ARNOLD. : i ; 
 
 During more than a half century Benjamin F. Arnold has figured conspicu-. 
 ously in the public life of Galesburg and Knox county, as a lawyer, a real-estate 
 dealer and an agriculturist, and as a citizen whose interest in public aflFairs has 
 prompted active and helpful cooperation in many measures for the general good. 
 If a pen picture could accurately delineate his life such might be given in these 
 words: A progressive spirit ruled by more than ordinary intelligence and good 
 judgment ; a deep earnestness impelled and fostered by indomitable perseverance ; 
 and a native justice expressing itself in correct principle and practice. He was 
 
VV^;; VV; ;, .\ HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY ' , . 
 
 born in Otsego county, New York, July 26, 1833. His father, Horace Arnold, - 
 was a native of Greene county. New York, and a son of the Rev. Horace Arnold, 
 Sr., who was a soldier of the Revolutionary war. He became a minister of the 
 Baptist church and, removing with his wife to Cairo, Dutchess county. New > 
 York, they there spent their remaining days, passing away at an advanced age. .; 
 Their family numbered four or five sons, including Horace Arnold, who was ' 
 reared in the Empire state and served his country as a soldier of the war of 
 1812. In early life he learned and followed the mason's trade. From Greene :^ 
 county he removed to Otsego county. New York, about 1817, and later became 
 a resident of Delaware county, that state, where he resided for some time and , : 
 there died in 1850, at the age of fifty-two years. In early manhood he had ^ 
 wedded Harriet Hine, who was born in Greene county. New York, and after his v 
 death came to Galesburg, to live with her son Benjamin F., with whom she ; . 
 remained for thirty years, passing away at the age of ninety-three years. She 
 was of the Methodist faith, while her husband held to the Universalist faith. 
 In their family were fifteen children, fourteen of whom reached years of. ma- 
 turity: Mortimer; Noble; Mrs. Hannah Wilbur; Martha, who became the wife .-. 
 of Ichabod Wilbur; Seymour; Elijah; Edward; George; Benjamin F. ; Elida; I; 
 Harriet, who married Hiram C. Smith; William; Julia, who also married; and : 
 Mary. The other member of the family died in early life. ^ 
 
 Benjamin F. Arnold spent the greater part of his youthful days upon a farm 
 in Delaware county. New York, pursuing his education in one of the old-time 
 log schoolhouses. where the curriculum was limited, yet thorough instruction ;;. 
 was given in the fundamental studies. Later he became a clerk in a hotel, 
 following that pursuit in the winter months, while the summer seasons were ' 
 devoted to agricultural pursuits. At length he came west to Galesburg in 1856 
 and has since made his home here, covering a period of fifty-five years. The 
 first salary which he ever earned here was fifty cents per day. In the winter he .. 
 took up the profession of teaching but later turned his attention to the real- 
 estate business and while thus engaged began studying law in Galesburg under 
 the direction of Judge Smith and E. P. Williams. In May, 1862. he was admitted 
 to the bar and for about fifteen years continued in the practice of law, being ; 
 associated for half of the time with Judge Douglass and during the remainder : 
 with Judge Kitchell. His business often took him to Springfield, where he made 
 the office of Abraham Lincoln his headquarters. This was in 1857 and 1858. 
 In 1860 he attended the democratic national convention at Baltimore. It was ';; 
 in that convention that he heard Ben Butler's famous speech. Mr. Arnold had 
 been reared in the democratic faith but after spending some time in Missouri ?; 
 and Kansas and being a witness of the conditions that there existed he joined '. 
 the ranks of the new republican party and has never faltered in his allegiance ' 
 thereto since that time. Moreover, he has ever kept well informed on the ques- 
 tions and issues of the day, supporting his position by intelligent and compre- -' 
 hensive argument. For over a half century he has also been engaged in the 
 real-estate business and his operations in that field have been unusually profit- v 
 able, contributing at the same time to the welfare and progress of the com- 
 munity. He has laid out twelve additions to the city of Galesburg and has 
 erected over two hundred houses, selling them on monthly payments. He has "{ 
 also carried on farming on an extensive scale, cultivating not less than a section 
 
162 HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY .'>:; 
 
 of land for over forty years. In the summer of 1857 he purchased a quarter 
 section of land and throughout that summer engaged in breaking prairie. This 
 was the beginning of his connection with farming interests, with which he has 
 since been identified, and the rich soil of the Prairie state has amply rewarded 
 his efforts in this direction. 
 
 On the 26th of May, 1864, Mr, Arnold was married to Miss Ella Ferris, a 
 daughter of Henry and Elizabeth (Hudson) Ferris. Mrs. Arnold was born in 
 Galesburg, while her parents were natives of New York, the birth of her father 
 having occurred north of Utica, where her grandfather had settled at an early 
 day. Both Mr. and Mrs. Ferris were early settlers of Galesburg, the former 
 spending his first year in Knox county in a dugout. He was, indeed, one of the 
 earliest settlers here and his labors constituted an element in the growth and 
 progress of the community. His father, Sylvanus H. Ferris, was one of the 
 first residents of Galesburg, sent out here to locate Knox College. Unto Mr. 
 and Mrs. Henry Ferris there were born five children who reached adult age: 
 Alfred, who was supposed to have been murdered by the Mormons when on his 
 way to California ; Harriet ; Ella, who became Mrs. Arnold ; Timothy ; and 
 Lilly C., the wife of Congressman Prince, of Galesburg. Of the marriage of 
 Mr. and Mrs. Arnold there were born nine children, Ella May, the eldest, be- 
 came the wife of Edwin M. Williams but both are now deceased. They had 
 two children, Dorothy and Edwin. Laura, the second daughter, is the 
 wife of George A. Felt, of Galesburg, and they have two children, 
 Eleanor and Rebecca. Henry, who is engaged in the insurance business 
 in Galesburg, married Anna Ward, of Spring^eld, and has two children, 
 Esther Pauline and Henry Ferris. Wilfred, a lawyer of Galesburg, wedded 
 Nina Lahann, of Monmouth, Illinois, and has one daughter, Katherine. Frances 
 is the wife of Frederick C. Wood, of Galesburg. Louis E., a dentist of Salt 
 Lake City, Utah, wedded Marie Raymond, and they have one son, Raymond. 
 Ray M. is a lawyer and also owns large tracts of land in this vicinity. Elizabeth 
 H. is the wife of Dr. Charles H. Lowman, of Los Angeles, California, and 
 Harriet is at home. The mother is a member of the Congregational church and 
 Mr. Arnold is prominent in Masonry, holding membership in Vesper Lodge, 
 A. F. & A. M., Galesburg Chapter, R. A. M., and Galesburg Commandery, K. 
 T. Mr. Arnold has lived in the same house for forty-seven years, his home be- 
 ing at No. 759 East Main street. From time to time, however, he has added im- 
 provements to his place, ever keeping it one of the attractive and modern resi- 
 dences of the city. In public affairs he has ever been deeply and helpfully 
 interested and his name has become inseparably interwoven with the history of 
 this city. For fifteen successive years he served as a member of the city council, 
 ever exercising his official prerogatives in support of measures for the general 
 good. For one term he served as mayor of Galesburg and he has assisted in the 
 execution of many public commissions. He was on the building committee for 
 the erection of the Central Congregational church, also for the public library, 
 the Brown Hotel, the Union Hotel, the Commercial block and the gymnasium of 
 Knox College. For many years he has been one of the trustees of Knox College 
 and at all times has been a friend and champion of education. Such in brief is 
 the life history of Benjamin F. Arnold, who though he has now passed the age 
 of seventy-eight years is still in a considerable measure an active factor in the 
 
V . V- : : ^ HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY ' ^ / ' .^ ' 
 
 business life and interests of his adopted county. His intellect early grasped 
 the eternal truth that industry wins and industry became the beacon light of 
 his life. He realized, too, the fact that opportunities slip away from the sluggard 
 and tauntingly play before the dreamer but that they surrender to the individual 
 with high purpose, undaunted courage and indefatigable determination. He 
 has, therefore, employed those qualities in every relation of life and has today 
 "the blessed accompaniments of age honor, riches, troops of friends." -: . 
 
 .;:' - ^"^ ROBERT GORDON SINCLAIR. ; ;';/"'> 
 
 . Realizing at the outset of his business career that success has its root in 
 unfaltering diligence and determination, Robert Gordon Sinclair has employed 
 those qualities in the attainment of the present enviable position which he occu- 
 pies in business circles. He is now engaged in the manufacture of ice cream, 
 ices and soft drinks, employing about eighteen people. He was bom in Cam- 
 bria county, Pennsylvania, October 9, 1866, and is a son of Alexander and 
 Margaret (Griffith) Sinclair. The father's birth occurred in that county, August 
 24, 1839, but the mother was a native of Wales, her birth occurring in that 
 little rock-ribbed country on the loth of March, 1834. She was only four 
 years of age when she was brought to the United States by her parents, who 
 established their home near Ebensburg in Cambria county, Pennsylvania. Alex- 
 ander Sinclair pursued his education in the public schools of Pennsylvania and 
 in early manhood engaged for a time in teaching school, but eventually took 
 up the occupation of farming and, on removing westward, in 1870, established 
 his home near South Haven, in Van Buren county, Michigan. There he 
 worked in a sawmill until the fall of 1876, when he removed to Livingston 
 county, Illinois, where he followed farming until 1910. His well directed labors 
 during all these years had brought him a substantial measure of success and 
 thus with a handsome competence to meet his needs through his remaining 
 days he retired to private life. In his political views he is a republican, always 
 loyal to the party, yet never seeking nor desiring office. He has served as 
 school director and the cause of education finds in him a warm friend. Both 
 he and his wife are members of the Methodist Episcopal church and their lives 
 have ever been in consistent harmony with their professions. They are the 
 parents of five children, namely : Barbara E., at home ; Robert Gordon, of this 
 review; Evan Barker, of Galesburg; and Mary F. and Irwin A., both at home. 
 . In the public schools of Michigan and of Livingston county, Illinois, Rob- 
 ert G. Sinclair pursued his education and in his youth worked upon his father's 
 farm, early becoming familiar with the duties and labors incident to the de- 
 velopment and cultivation of the fields. He was twenty-two years of age when 
 he abandoned the plow in order to become connected with commercial inter- 
 ests, which he believed would prove more congenial and hoped would prove 
 more profitable. For three years he was employed in a grocery store in Pon- 
 tiac, Illinois, and then embarked in business on his own account, forming a 
 partnership with S. W. Strong for the conduct of a grocery store in Pontiac. 
 After two years he purchased his partner's interest and carried on the business 
 
164 : HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY K< , 
 
 alone until October, 1899, when he sold out and went upon the road as a 
 traveling salesman. In the spring of 1901 he came to Galesburg and estab- 
 lished an ice-cream business which he carried on independently for two years. 
 He then sold a half interest to his brother, E. B. Sinclair, and in 1909 they 
 removed from their old location at No. 471 East South street to the adjoining 
 building, thus obtaining more commodious quarters. On selling his interest 
 in the business to his brother, R. G. Sinclair removed to Pontiac where he 
 engaged in the real-estate business for two years. He was also circuit clerk 
 of Livingston county for four years and then returned to Galesburg where he 
 again became interested in business, now employing from fifteen to eighteen 
 people in the manufacture of ice cream, ices and soft drinks. His enterprise 
 has assumed extensive proportions, its sales reaching a large annual figure, 
 owing to the excellence of their output and their reliability and enterprising 
 business methods. 
 
 On the 2d of October, 1895, Mr. Sinclair was united in marriage to Miss 
 Maude Thompson, a daughter of Hugh and Frances (Ketcham) Thompson, 
 of Pontiac. Their children are five in number, namely: Robert Elwood, born 
 in Pontiac, Illinois, August 17, 1897; Clyde Evan, born in Pontiac, January 25, 
 1899; Maude Louise, whose birth occurred in that city on the 23d of February, 
 1903 ; William Gordon, born on the 25th of December, 1905, in Pontiac ; and 
 Margaret Frances, born there March 5, 1908. Both Mr. and Mrs. Sinclair 
 have a wide acquaintance in Galesburg and enjoy the high regard of their many 
 friends. His political support is given to the republican party and he has 
 always kept well informed on the questions and issues of the day. His relig- 
 ious faith is that of the Presbyterian church and he is now acting as a trustee 
 of the church to which he belongs. He is likewise a member of the Masonic 
 fraternity, the Benevolent Protective Order of Elks, the Woodmen camp and 
 the Galesburg Club. Those who know him, and he has a wide acquaintance, 
 find him a social, genial gentleman, and his business associates speak in high 
 terms of his enterprise, progressiveness and thorough reliability. ; 
 
 ?: . H. R. GRIFFITH. C: ^..v^ 
 
 H. R. Griffith, whose well cultivated farm forms one of the attractive features 
 of Cedar township, was born on his father's homestead south of Galesburg, 
 Knox county, Illinois, on the 8th of January, i86l. His father, Morris Griffith, 
 was a native of Pennsylvania, his birth having there occurred on the I7th of 
 February, 1836. When a lad of four years he removed with his parents to 
 Ohio, where they resided until 1852, when they came to Illinois, settling in the 
 vicinity of Galesburg. There Mr. Griffith continued to live until the year prior 
 to his death, when he went to reside with a son living north of Galesburg, where 
 he passed away on December 9, 1906, being laid to rest in the cemetery at Knox- 
 ville. His parents, Abel and Hannah (Gore) Griffith, also spent their latter 
 days in Knox county. For his wife and helpmate Morris Griffith chose Miss 
 Elizabeth Harmony, their marriage being celebrated on the 27th of December, 
 1859. Mrs. Griffith, who was born near Chambersburg, Pennsylvania, died in 
 
< 
 '^ 
 
 Q 
 
164 .'. . HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY 
 
 alone until Octol)er, 1899, when he sold out and went upon the road as a 
 traveling salesman. In the spring of 1901 he came to Galesburg and estab- 
 lished an ice-cream business which he carried on independently for two years. 
 He then sold a half interest to his brother. E. B. Sinclair, and in 1909 they 
 removed from their old location at Xo. 471 East South street to the adjoining 
 building, thus ol)taining more commodious quarters. On selling his interest 
 in the business to his brother, R. G. Sinclair removed to Pontiac where he 
 engaged in the real-estate business for two years. He was also circuit clerk 
 of Livingston county for four years and then returned to Galesburg where he 
 again became interested in business, now employing from fifteen to eighteen 
 people in the manufacture of ice cream, ices and soft drinks. His enterprise 
 has assumed extensive proportions, its sales reaching a large annual figure, 
 owing to the excellence of their output and their reliability and enterprising 
 business methods. 
 
 On the 2d of October, 11895, ^^^- Sinclair was united in marriage to Miss 
 Maude Thompson, a daughter of Hugh and !' ranees (Ketcham) Thompson, 
 of Pontiac. Their children are five in number, namely : Robert Elwood, born 
 in Pontiac, Illinois, August 17, i<S97; Clyde Evan, born in Pontiac, January 25, 
 iiSf)^; Maude Louise, whose birth occurred in that city on the 23(1 of February, 
 1903; VVilliam Gordon, born on the 25th of December, 1905, in Pontiac; and 
 Margaret Frances, Ixrn there March 5, 1908. Doth Mr. and Mrs. Sinclair 
 have a wide acquaintance in Galesburg and enjoy the high regard of their many 
 friends. His political sui)port is given to the republican party and he has 
 always kept well informed on the questions and issues of the day. His relig- 
 ious faith is that of the Presbyterian church and he is now acting as a trustee 
 of the church to which he belongs. He is likewise a member of the Masonic 
 fraternity, the Benevolent I'rotective Order of Elks, the \\'oodmen camp and 
 the Galesburg Club. Those who know him, and he has a wide acc|uaintance. 
 find him a social, genial gentleman, and his Inisiness associates speak in high 
 terms of his enterprise, progressiveness and thorough reliability. 
 
 11. R. GRIFFITH. 
 
 H. R. Griffith, whose well cultivated farm forms one of the attractive features 
 of Cedar town>hi]). was born on his father's homestead south of Galesburg, 
 Knox county. Illinois, on the 8th of January. 1861. His father. Morris (iriffith. 
 was a native of Pennsylvania, his birth having there occurred on the I7th of 
 February. 1836. \\'heu a lad of four years he removed with his parents to 
 Ohio, where they resided until 1832. when they came to Illinois, settling in the 
 vicinity of Galesburg. Tliere Mr. Griffith continued to live until the year prior 
 to his death, when he went to reside with a son living north of Galesburg. where 
 he passed away on December 9. KX^^), being laid to rest in the cemetery at Knox- 
 ville. His parents. Abel and Hannah (Gore) Griffith, also spent their latter 
 days in Knox county. For his wife and helpmate Morris Griffith chose Miss 
 Elizabeth Harmony, their marriage being celebrated on the 27th of December, 
 1859. Mrs. Griffith, who was born near Chambersburg, Pennsylvania, died in 
 
X. 
 
r ;, >: " V;l HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY ^ A:?;/^ 
 
 Knox county on February 12, 1901, at the age of sixty-seven years. Of the 
 union of Mr. and Mrs. Griffith there were born seven children, of whom our 
 subject was the eldest. Etta, the second in order of birth who was born on 
 the 22d of May, 1862, was married on March 28, 1895, to G. C. Hutson, and is 
 now living in the vicinity of Arkansas City, Kansas. William E., whose birth 
 occurred on the iSth of January, 1864, married Mattie Brooks on January 27, 
 1892, and resides near Galesburg. Arthur, who was born on January 22, 1866, 
 chose for his wife Ella Hutson, to whom he was married on March 17, 1898, 
 now living near Galesburg. Frank M., born on the 24th of August, 1868. was 
 married on the 2Oth of October, 1898, to Lennie Hutson and is living near 
 Knoxville. Mary E., the next in order of birth, was born on the 21 st of April, 
 1871, and died on the 21 st of September, 1872, being laid to rest in the cemetery 
 at Knoxville. Jessie A. was born on the 2ist of June, 1877, and on December 
 27, igoo, married Marvin McGahey. The parents were earnest members of 
 the Presbyterian church, while his political support Mr. Griffith accorded to the 
 republican party. He took an active interest in all public affairs and held some 
 of the township offices, the duties of which he discharged with efficiency. 
 
 Born and reared on a farm, Mr. Griffith has always been more or less actively 
 identified with agricultural pursuits. His preliminary education was obtained 
 in the public schools, after the completion of which he entered Knox College 
 at Galesburg. He remained at home with his parents until he was thirty-two 
 years of age, when he came to his present place on section 20, Cedar township. 
 He owns eighty-seven and a half acres of land here upon which he has made 
 most extensive improvements, having erected some fine buildings, planted an 
 orchard and grove, in addition to effecting various minor changes. He has 
 applied himself diligently and intelligently to the cultivation of this property, 
 his efforts in this direction having been rewarded in a most substantial and 
 gratifying manner. In addition to his fine home farm he owns one hundred 
 and sixty acres of land in Dundy county, Nebraska, while his wife has forty 
 acres in Orange township, this county. 
 
 On the 24th of August, 1893, Mr. Griffith was married to Miss Flora A. 
 Parmenter, whose birth occurred in Orange township, Knox county, on the ist 
 of November, 1868. Her paternal grandparents were among the pioneer settlers 
 of the county and here her father, John Parmenter. whose birth occurred Janu- 
 ary 1 8, 1842. was united in marriage on December 31, 1867, to Miss Anna 
 Haynes, who was born December lO, 1842. Both parents passed away in the 
 same year, the father on December 29, 1880, and the mother on August 29 of 
 that year. Mrs. Griffith was the eldest of the four children born of this union. 
 In order of birth the other three are as follows: Asa H., a resident of Gales- 
 burg, whose birth occurred on the i6th of June, 1870; Charles E., who was born 
 on May 21, 1875, now living in Watertown, Illinois; and Lenna, whose birth oc- 
 curred on the i8th of November, 1877, the wife of Henry Godfrey, of Kansas. 
 Of the marriage of Mr. and Mrs. Griffith five children have been born: Jessie 
 May, who was bom on the 6th of November, 1894; Claude Russell, whose 
 birth occurred on October 25, 1895 ; Harold O., born on the I9th of December. 
 1897; Mary L., born February 17, 1903: and John Herbert, who was born on 
 the i8th of December, 1908. 
 
168 . HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY Y; : / '^ 
 
 Mr. and Mrs. Griffith after coming to their present location united with the 
 Congregational church of Abingdon and are devoted members thereof. Mr. 
 Griffith has now held for over six years the office of deacon, while his wife has 
 for five years been assistant superintendent of the Sunday school. His political 
 prerogatives Mr. Griffith exercises in support of the men and measures of the 
 republican party and he has served in the capacity of school director and tax 
 collector. , . ; 
 
 :;: V^ . SIMEON B. DAVIS. v; ' ;' > 
 
 Death gives the perspective which enables one to judge of the real worth of 
 an individual, placing him in proper relation with his contemporaries and those 
 things which went to make up his life's contacts and experiences. Judged from 
 the standpoint of success and of personal character, Simeon B. Davis measured 
 up to the highest standard of manhood and of citizenship and was honored and 
 respected by all who knew him. His life record covered the intervening period 
 between the 7th of December, 1836, on which day his birth occurred in Ashland 
 county, Ohio, and the first of March, 1909, when he passed away in Galesburg. 
 His parents were Amos and Nancy (Crawford) Davis, both of whom were 
 natives of Ohio, and the former was a daughter of Colonel Samuel Crawford, 
 an officer of the war of 1812. 
 
 At the usual age Simeon B. Davis became a pupil in the public schools near 
 his father's home and throughout his life he continued his reading and study, 
 thus adding greatly to his knowledge and promoting his efficiency as a factor in 
 the world's work. When eighteen years of age he became a resident of ATc- 
 Donough county, Illinois, where for eight years he followed the profession of 
 teaching, being regarded as one of the most capable and successful educators in 
 that part of the state. He then turned his attention to farming and stock-rais- 
 ing and in addition to the cultivation of his fields engaged in shipping stock to 
 the Chicago market for a number of years. His farm constituted a fine tract of 
 land in Hire township, McDonough county, and he brought his fields under a 
 high state of cultivation and added many substantial improvements to the place 
 in the way of good buildings, well kept fences and the latest improved machinery. 
 At length he retired from the farm and removed to Macomb, the county seat 
 of McDonough county, where he established a marble and granite business, de- 
 veloping one of the leading monument enterprises in this part of the state. 
 There he carried on business until 1887, when he removed to Galesburg and 
 opened a similar establishment, which he conducted with profit up to the time 
 of his death. In all of his business life he was strictly honorable and upright, 
 never taking advantage of the necessities of his fellowmen in any business trans- 
 action, and by reason of the excellent work which he did he won a very gratify- 
 ing patronage. 
 
 In September, 1860, Mr. Davis was united in marriage to Miss Artimesa 
 Stambaugh, a daughter of the Rev. Adam and Margaret (Shields) Stambaugh. 
 Her father was a native of Pennsylvania and her mother was born in Indiana 
 but was reared in Canton, Illinois. Unto Mr. and Mrs. Davis were bom nine 
 
;' : . ' : \ :\/ HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY : \ v 
 
 children, Emma, Eva, Margaret, Elsie A., Stewart A., Alice J., Louie May, 
 James E. and Stella, but the last named is now deceased. Mr. Davis was ever 
 devoted to the welfare and happiness of his family and found his greatest joy/ 
 in ministering to their pleasure. Following his demise Mrs. Davis carried on 
 the business until July i, 1910, when she was obliged to give it up in order to - 
 look after the realty interests of the estate. The business, however, is still 
 continued by her son under the style of the S. B. Davis Granite Company. 
 
 In his political views Mr. Davis was a stalwart republican, recognized as 
 one of the leaders of the party in the central section of Illinois. He was a pleas- 
 ing public speaker and took prominent part in many of the presidential campaigns, -/ 
 speaking throughout the state and doing good service for the organization. In 
 1880 public honors were conferred upon him in his election to the office of 
 state representative from the district comprising Warren and McDonough ; 
 counties. During the regular session of i88i and the special session of 1882 he > 
 was a member of several important committees and rendered valuable and effi- ; 
 cient service in those connections to the commonwealth. He was always much 
 interested in local progress and improvement and while residing in Galesburg . 
 served for several terms as a member of the city council, in which connection he ' 
 exercised his official prerogatives in support of various progressive and beneficial ' 
 measures. Fraternally he was connected with the Independent Order of Odd ,-, 
 Fellows and with the Ancient Order of United Workmen and was ever a most ; 
 loyal and helpful member of the Methodist Episcopal church. Following his : 
 demise the house of representatives of the Illinois legislature passed the follow- 
 ing resolutions: 
 
 "Whereas, by reason of the promulgation of an unappealable infinite decree, 
 the Hon. Simeon B. Davis rests to-day in his last sleep at Galesburg, Illinois, : 
 and :,; .' .'.r'^'. ..;;/-'::/'.;'' '' '., 'I" '- 
 
 "Whereas, the said Simeon B. Davis was an honored and respected mem- . 
 bet of this house, having served his people with distinction in the thirty-second v 
 and thirty-third general assemblies, and : 
 
 "Whereas, in the departing of Mr. Davis to obey such divine decree, his '. 
 city and state have sacrificed an upright and patriotic citizen, his family a kind 
 and affectionate father and husband and his associates a friend. 
 
 "Therefore, be it resolved by the house of representatives of the state of 
 Illinois, in regular session assembled that we deeply deplore the death of Mr. 
 Davis and as a mark of respect to his memory, this house do now adjourn, 
 and be it further 
 
 "Resolved, that a copy of this resolution be spread upon the journal of this 
 house and an engrossed copy be forwarded to the family of the deceased." 
 
 Mr. Davis was one of the most widely and favorably known of the resi- 
 dents of Galesburg and his influence was always found on the side of those 
 activities which uplift mankind and promote general progress. He was a most 
 earnest arid helpful member of the church and the Methodist denomination in ; : 
 Galesburg owed much to his cooperation. In the funeral services, conducted 
 by the Rev. Dr. Blodgett, of Cincinnati, who had formerly been his pastor, . 
 the minister said: "The deathlessness of the friendship existing between the 
 man -whose body lies before us and myself is evidence to me of the immor- ; 
 tality of man." Later he said: "Mr. Davis was a man of virile blood. He v 
 
170 HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY /y;^ ;X 
 
 came of good ancestry of a class of men that make nations. He was drilled 
 in the school of poverty and by an inherent force made himself felt in the state 
 and in the city. He was not a trimmer, but had a broad charity in his judg- 
 ments of others, although very positive in his own convictions of the right. 
 As a churchman he believed thoroughly in the book, basing his beliefs more 
 on a personal experience of God than on any critical analysis. He believed 
 that the church is a means to an end and, therefore, utilized all of its forces not 
 only as an unlift for society but for his own personal benefit. As a citizen he 
 believed in the highest integrity of the state. His home life was like a mid- 
 summer dream, to him his wife was the pearly gate always through which he 
 entered into all of his joys. I tested his friendship at a time which was critical 
 in the history of this church and he was one of the few men who through his 
 belief in the right made it possible for the church to be rebuilt. It was well 
 worth to know such a man and enter with him into the inner circle of his 
 friendship." There was in all the life record of Simeon B. Davis only such 
 qualities as won him honor and respect. While he gained success, it was not 
 this which secured for him the regard of his fellowmen, but the sterling traits 
 of character which he ever displayed, the honor, integrity, kindly spirit and 
 the words of helpfulness and cheer which he spoke, and thus it is that those 
 things which men learn to value more than gold and gems are the treasures of 
 friendship and memory. . . . ., . . . . , 
 
 ; / : ADDISON JOSIAH BOUTELLE. ;-;. 
 
 . Addison Josiah Boutelle, states attorney for Galesburg since 1900, his twelve 
 years' connection with the office standing as incontrovertible evidence of his 
 ability in the field of his chosen profession, was born November 9, 1869, on a 
 farm near Rutland, La Salle county, Illinois. His father, Josiah Boutelle, died 
 in 1872 but the mother, Mrs. Ellen (Hastie) Boutelle, is still living. She is a 
 daughter of James H. Hastie, one of the early settlers of Sparta township, Knox 
 county. In her girlhood she heard the Lincoln and Douglas debate held in 
 Galesburg and has written an interesting account of that historic event and the 
 incidents that occurred on that memorable day. 
 
 ; During the boyhood of Addison Josiah Boutelle the family removed to Knox 
 county and he pursued his education in the Galesburg schools, being gradu- 
 ated from the high school with the class of 1887. He afterward entered Knox 
 College, from which he was graduated with the degree of Bachelor of Arts in 
 the class of 1891. He was a member of the Gnothautii Literary Society in Knox 
 and was honored with its presidency. In debate he won the Colton prize for 
 oratory. Nature endowed him with gifts that constituted an excellent founda- 
 tion upon which to build his success at the bar for which he early made prepar- 
 ation by reading law in the office of the late J. J. Tunnicliflf, former states 
 attorney of Knox county. He was admitted to practice in 1893 and has since 
 been continuously engaged in the work of his profession in this city. His con- 
 stantly developing ability brought to him a growing clientage, his work increas- 
 ing in volume and in importance as the years passed by. In 1897 he was elected 
 
;:; :V "^ HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY ; . . r N; 
 
 city attorney of Galesburg and was reelected in 1899, serving continuously for 
 four years. In 1900 he was chosen states attorney, which office he has held to 
 the present time, carefully safeguarding the interests of the district in the faith- 
 ful and prompt discharge of his duties in that position. 
 
 Mr. Boutelle has always given his support to the republican party since age 
 conferred upon him the right of franchise, and has done considerable campaign 
 work under the direction of the state central committee in various cities of the 
 state. Fraternally he is a Knight Templar and in his life exemplifies many of 
 the high principles of Masonry. He is also connected with the Ancient Order 
 of United Workmen, the Benevolent Protective Order of Elks and the Knights 
 of Pythias, and he belongs to the Galesburg Business Men's Club. 
 
 On the I7th of October, 1899, in Galesburg, Mr. Boutelle was married to 
 Miss Elizabeth Lee Switzer, a daughter of Charles E. and Mary B. Switzer. 
 They have one child, Mary Elizabeth. Mr. and Mrs. Boutelle are well known 
 socially in this city where they have long resided and where he has so directed 
 his efforts that he is today classed with the leading lawyers, representative men 
 and progressive and respected citizens. 
 
 -'::',:[ 'V;--'-.-' . '^';':-'''^"' HARLEY F. DRURY. ;.; ,. v' ' .^\y;;:o; ;.,':-; 
 
 In the establishment and conduct of the florist's business Harley F. Drury 
 has displayed an aptitude for successful management, combined with unfalter- 
 ing determination and industry, that have brought him to a prominent position 
 among the prosperous business men of Galesburg. This city has drawn a con- 
 siderable quota of its citizens from New England and Mr. Drury is a repre- 
 sentative of this class, having been born in Essex, Vermont, June 13, 1855. 
 His parents were Jacob and Caroline (Bascom) Drury, also natives of the 
 Green Mountain state. The former was a son of Isaac and Sallie (Herrick) 
 Drury. They became the parents of seven children, Betsey. Annie. Daniel, 
 Hannah, Jacob, Harriet and Mary Ann. The maternal grandfather of Harley 
 F. Drury was a Vermont farmer and both he and his wife died at an old age 
 after rearing a large family. 
 
 Jacob Drury, father of our subject, spent his youthful days in Vermont and 
 was reared to the occupation of farming, which he chose as his life work, but 
 after tilling the soil for a number of years he took up the business of manu- 
 facturing brick. He not only figured actively and prominently in business cir- 
 cles but also in connection with public affairs, holding a number of local offices 
 and also representing his district in the state legislature. Both he and his wife 
 were members of the Methodist church and were earnest, consistent Christian 
 people. He died in Essex, Vermont, in 1889, at the age of eighty-one years, 
 having for three years survived his wife, whose death occurred in 1886, when 
 she was sixty-eight years of age. They were the parents of seven children: 
 Hannah M., widow of the late Byron A. Stevens, of Galesburg; George B., 
 now a resident of Essex, Vermont ; Jannette, widow of the late C. C. Field, of 
 Essex ; Charles K., also living in Essex ; Edwin I., deceased ; Harley F. ; and 
 Homer D., likewise living in Essex, Vermont. '..;.;-; .: -^3:';^ 
 
.; HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY :!\- ' /: 
 
 ' . 1^ - , .' I . : :*-- 
 
 In the place of his nativity Harley F. Drury si>ent his youthful days and 
 attended the public schools, afterward pursuing his studies in the Vermont 
 Methodist Seminary at Montpelier, from which he was graduated in 1875. 
 Later he remained at home for two years, during which period he assisted his 
 father in the office of the brickyard. His residence in Galesburg dates from 
 1878, at which time he entered the employ of Lake W. Sanbom as a clerk in 
 his insurance office, there remaining for about two years. He next became 
 connected with the grocery trade, spending two and one-half years in the em- 
 ploy of C. E. Landstrum. On the expiration of that period he established a 
 grocery store on his own account, conducting it successfully for eighteen years, 
 during which period he ever maintained an honorable position in commercial 
 circles. He then sold out and turned his attention to the cultivation of flowers, 
 establishing greenhouses which are situated on Broad, Sanbom and Cherry 
 streets and which contain forty-five thousand square feet. Here he raises almost 
 every variety of flowers and the business has grown rapidly until now his sales 
 reach a large annual figure. He is likewise a director of the Farmers & 
 Mechanics' Bank. 
 
 On the 28th of March, 1883, Mr. Drury was united in marriage to Miss 
 Nellie Trask. a native of Ohio, as were her parents. Homer and Belinda (Lane) 
 Trask, who emigrated to Galesburg about forty-five or fifty years ago, both hav- 
 ing now passed away. They were survived by three daughters, Nellie, Kitty and 
 May, while a son had died in early childhood. Mr. and Mrs. Drury have but 
 one child, Louise, who is now attending the high school. The parents are mem- 
 bers of the Christian Science church, and in politics Mr. Drury is a republican 
 who has been somewhat active in local politics, serving for one term as alderman 
 from the fifth ward. His position upon any vital question is never an equivocal 
 one and he seeks always to aid the measures and movements for the general 
 good. He is well known socially, holding membership in the Elks Club and in 
 the Soangetaha Country Qub and the Galesburg Club, being now president of 
 the latter. For a third of a century he has been a resident of this city and the 
 sterling traits of character which he has manifested throughout the entire period 
 have gained for him the unqualified regard and good-will of his fellow men. 
 
 ^ SETH CRUMP. ;/; / 
 
 ' ' '", ' ' ' - ' ' - ,--J :-.'' - ., 
 
 Seth Crump was a lifelong resident of Knox county and had a wide acquaint- 
 ance, while his many sterling traits of character gained for him a position in 
 public regard that made his death the occasion of deep and widespread regret. 
 He was born near Hermon, in this county, November 24, 1842, a son of Madi- 
 son and Rebecca (Massey) Crump, who were early settlers of this county. The 
 father was both a farmer and carpenter. He followed these occupations for 
 some time and also conducted a hotel in Knoxville during the early days, his 
 hostelry being known as the Virginia Hotel. Both he and his wife remained 
 worthy and respected residents of Knoxville until called to their final rest. 
 -'':. Seth Crump spent his youthful days under the parental roof and in his boy- 
 hood acquired his education in the public schools, which he attended through the 
 
HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY ;; ; :.r 
 
 winter seasons, while the summer months were devoted to farm labor. After 
 putting aside his text-books he gave all of his attention to farm work until the 
 outbreak of the Civil war, when his patriotic spirit was aroused and he offered 
 his services to the government, enlisting from Knox county as a member of 
 Company E, Eighty-third Illinois Volunteer Infantry, with which he served 
 throughout the Civil war, participating in many important engagements. After 
 the close of hostilities, in all of which he bore himself with signal credit and honor, 
 he returned to Knoxville and here remained until his death, which occurred on 
 the lOth of December, 1908, when he had reached the age of sixty-six years. 
 
 Mr. Crump had been married on the I5th of August, 1870, to Miss Henrietta 
 Woolsey, of Knoxville, who was born here on the 23d of December, 1853, a daugh- 
 ter of William and Margaret Woolsey, who were natives of Pennsylvania and at 
 an early period in the development of this part of the state came to Knox county, 
 where they resided until called to their final home. In their family were eleven 
 children, namely : Frederick, now deceased ; James, who served as a soldier of 
 Company E, Eighty-third Illinois Volunteer Infantry, and is now a resident of 
 Iowa; Henry, who also served in the Civil war and is now living in Atlantic, 
 Iowa ; John, who valiantly espoused the cause of the Union on southern battle- 
 fields and also makes his home in Atlantic ; Byram, now deceased ; Wright, who 
 has also passed away ; Henrietta, now Mrs. Crump ; Kate, the wife of William 
 Meecham, of Knoxville; Clayton, a resident of Atlantic, Iowa; William, of 
 Atlantic, Iowa, and Fayette, deceased. The father of Mrs. Crump was also 
 a soldier in the Union army and died from wounds while in the service and 
 thus the family made a splendid record for loyalty and bravery. 
 
 Unto Mr. and Mrs. Crump were born three children, the elder being Mina L., 
 wife of Claude Vangilder, now deceased ; Catherine, the wife of William Venell, 
 of St. Joseph, Missouri ; and Valda, a son, living at home with his mother. Mr. 
 Crump always maintained pleasant relations with his old arniy comrades through 
 his membership in the Grand Army of the Republic. He was also interested 
 in local affairs and at one time served as city marshal of Knoxville. His aid 
 and cooperation could ever be counted upon to further progressive public move- 
 ments and he was accounted a valued citizen, upright and honorable, his sterling 
 worth winning for him the confidence and good-will of all who knew him. He 
 had a wide acquaintance in Knox county, where his entire life was passed, and 
 many of the comrades of his youth remained the friends of his manhood, indi- 
 cating that his life record was ever a creditable one. 
 
 '...:>';..; /... .;":-^-'^ JAMES c. SIMPSON. ;;^'^V:.;.- : Y^' ;.,V;^.---:^:- 
 
 There have been many theories advanced concerning success, but careful analy- 
 sis of the lives of many men, who have risen from comparative obscurity in busi- 
 ness to a position of prominence, indicates the fact that all honorable success has 
 had its root in straightforward dealing, indefatigable industry and persistent pur- 
 pose. Such has been the record of the senior partner and manager of the firm of 
 James C. Simpson & Company, operating country lumberyards, and president of 
 the Simpson, McClure Lumber Company of Galesburg. .. . ., 
 
176 HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY ' ; 
 
 ' ' 'w . . 
 
 James C. Simpson was born in Punxsutawney, Pennsylvania, April 13, 1864, 
 and his parents, William E. and Sarah Ann (Means) Simpson, were also natives 
 of that state. The former was a son of John H. and Eliza (Lewis) Simpson. 
 John H. Simpson, born in Virginia, was a farmer by occupation. His family in- 
 cluded William, Jane, Ann, David, Thomas, Irwin, Caroline, Theodosia and 
 Harry. Of these David and Thomas were killed while serving as soldiers in the 
 Union army. The maternal grandfather of James C. Simpson was Edward 
 Means, a native of Pennsylvania, who engaged in both merchandising and farm- 
 ing. He married a Miss Hopkins, who died at a comparatively early age, while 
 Mr. Means lived to the age of seventy-seven years. Their children were Sarah 
 Ann, Jane, Dr. William A. Means, the Rev. Theodore Means, Mary, Charlotte, 
 Thompson, Milton and Thomas. The last two died while serving in the Union 
 army during the Civil war. . , :.:::''' .>v;"v.; \| 
 
 William E. Simpson, father of James C. Simpson, was reared in Jefferson 
 county, Pennsylvania, pursued his education there and became a public-school 
 teacher and farmer. He served as a soldier in the Civil war for one year, acting 
 as assistant to the surgeon and doing duty on a federal hospital boat on the James 
 river. He passed away at Punxsutawney in 1906, at the age of sixty-five years. 
 His first wife, Sarah Ann Means, had died in 1873, ^^ the age of thirty years. 
 Both were members of the Presbyterian church and were consistent Christian 
 people. For his second wife William E. Simpson married Miss Anna North. 
 There were six children born of the first marriage, of whom three are now living : 
 James C. ; Mrs. Etta Farrand, of Chicago; and Wade M., of Galesburg. Frank, 
 Clayton, and Ida died at an early age. The children of the second marriage were 
 also six in number: Blanche, the wife of Lex N. Mitchell, of Punxsutawney, 
 Pennsylvania ; Burt, living in Kewanee, Missouri ; Blaine, a resident of Oregon ; 
 Mrs. Catharine Lindsay, of Portland, Oregon ; Vere, living in Punxsutawney ; 
 and Raymond, whose home is in Lawrenceville, Illinois. 
 
 The youthful days of James C. Simpson were spent on a farm in the vicinity 
 of Punxsutawney. He attended the district school, while later he became a 
 student of the Covode (Pa.) Academy and in J. C. Duncan's Business College of 
 Davenport, Iowa. He came to the middle west in 1884, making his headquarters 
 first at Albany, Illinois. He had previously engaged in teaching through three 
 winter terms in the country schools of his native state, and also followed that 
 profession for three terms in Whiteside county, Illinois. During the first five 
 years of his residence in this state he was also employed during the summer 
 months as a clerk on a Mississippi river steamboat, and later as a traveling sales- 
 man for a wholesale lumber house, which he represented for six years. In the 
 winter of 1894 he became a resident of Galesburg, where he has since made his 
 home. Unfaltering industry and careful expenditure enabled him here to em- 
 bark in business on his own account. He purchased the lumberyard owned by 
 O. Hawkinson & Company and conducted the business under the name of J. C. 
 Simpson & Company. This yard was afterward incorporated under the name 
 of the Simpson, McClure Lumber Company. During the seventeen years of his 
 residence in Galesburg he has made for himself a creditable position in its business 
 circles. Promptness, reliability and persistency of purpose have been the factors 
 employed in the attainment of success and have gained for him an enviable posi- 
 tion among Galesburg's leading citizens. .-; . .' . 
 
; V: HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY ^ ;::::;; 
 
 On the 1 7th of February, 1897, Mr. Simpson was united in marriage to Miss 
 Harriette H. Post, a daughter of General Philip Sidney and Cornelia A. (Post) 
 Post, natives of New York. Mrs. Simpson's father served in the Civil war and 
 was afterward made consul at Vienna. Subsequently he served as congressman, 
 from 1887 until his death in January, 1895. His wife passed away in 1908. 
 They were the parents of three children, Harriette H., Philip S., and William 
 S. Mr. and Mrs. Simpson have five children, Sidney, Cornelia, William, Harriet 
 and Mary. The family reside at No. 516 North Prairie street and theirs is one 
 of the hospitable homes of the city. In his political views Mr. Simpson is a 
 republican and, while never seeking nor desiring office, has always kept well in- 
 formed on the general issues and questions of the day. He holds membership in 
 the Galesburg and Elk Clubs and of the former is a director. He is also one of 
 the trustees of Galesburg Hospital and the present chairman of its board. In all 
 his life, duty and honor have been his watchwords and justice has been one of 
 his strong characteristics. In his business career he is prominent as a man whose 
 constantly expanding powers have taken him from humble surroundings to the 
 field of large enterprise and continually broadening opportunities. , " ,.: - . \-/ 
 
 : ;. .',; -'^ ,-,' :::-i-, (:: THOMAS KEEFE. --jy. -^ . ' :; ' -'':'-'^ -''.<.-. 
 
 The United States has become peopled by the native sons of every country 
 and among the worthy residents that the green isle of Erin has furnished to 
 Galesburg is numbered Thomas Keefe, now one of the prosperous lumber 
 merchants of this city. He is a self-made man, starting out in life empty-handed 
 and depending upon industry, perseverance and diligence for his success. He 
 still continues active in trade circles although he is now seventy-two years of 
 age. He was born in County Roscommon, Ireland, April 22, 1839, a son of 
 Thomas and Catherine (Farrell) Keefe, who were also natives of the same place. 
 There they were reared and married and in the early '503 they came to the United 
 States, settling in Delaware county. New York, where the father secured employ- 
 ment in a tannery. He worked in that way for six or seven years and then began 
 farming, which he followed in Delaware county until his death. His wife passed 
 away in the same locality. They were members of the Roman Catholic church 
 and Mr. Keefe gave his political allegiance to the democratic party. In their 
 family were the following children : Patrick, John and Maria, all now deceased ; 
 Thomas, of this review ; Luke and Margaret, who have also passed away ; Cath- 
 erine, the wife of James W. Tucker, of Cooperstown, New York ; and Michael, 
 deceased. 
 
 ; Thomas Keefe was a lad in his teens when he accompanied his parents on 
 the long voyage across the Atlantic to the United States. His education, which 
 had been begun in the schools of his native country, was continued in the public 
 schools of New York, and for a time he gave his attention to farm work in the 
 Empire state, but in i86i he came to the middle west, settling in Henderson 
 township, this county, where he entered the employ of Henry and Will Sisson, 
 working on a farm for three years. He was afterward employed for a year by 
 Captain Grant and spent a similar period on the Potter farm. Twenty years 
 
178 HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY 
 
 were passed in the employ of G. W. Bamett in the grain business and during 
 the last seven years of that period he was in partnership with Mr. Bamett in 
 the grain trade at St. Augustine, Illinois. At the time the Santa Fe Railroad 
 was being built he came to Galesburg and established a lumber business at his 
 present location. During the years of his connection with the business interests 
 of this city he has made steady progress, has a well equipped lumberyard and 
 enjoys a good patronage. 
 
 On the 22d of December, 1864, Mr. Keefe was united in marriage to Miss 
 Winifred O'Hare, a daughter of Simon O'Hare, of Tuam, Galway County, Ire- 
 land. The children of this marriage are : John, now living in Sioux City, Iowa ; 
 Winifred, who is the wife of John Scanlon, of Chicago, and has four children; 
 Marie, Genevieve, John and George ; Frank, living in San Francisco, California ; 
 Ursula and Teresa, both at home ; Ita, who is the wife of T. H. Kevlin, of Chi- 
 cago, and has one child, Marion ; Anastasia, living in Chicago ; and Regina, at 
 home. The wife jind mother died July i8, 1907, at the age of sixty-three years, 
 her death having occurred at her home in Galesburg. 
 
 In politics Mr. Keefe is independent, voting as his judgment dictates rather , 
 than by the promptings of party rule. He is a member of the Corpus Christi :.'. 
 Catholic church and also holds membership with the Knights of Columbus. 
 He may truly be called a self-made man and as the architect of his own fortune .,': 
 has builded wisely and well. He has never allowed obstacles or difficulties to , 
 discourage him and his persistency of purpose and energy have opened for him -: 
 the way to success. : ' .' ; ' ' : ' "! i : .^'. 
 
 :%: ISAAC FRANK COLE. :';. 
 
 For the past thirty-one years Isaac Frank Cole has been successfully en- 
 gaged in general farming and stock-raising on a hundred and twenty acres of 
 land, located two miles south of Williamsfield. His birth occurred two miles 
 east of here in Brimfield township, Peoria county, on the 2ist of December, 
 1851. He is of English extraction in the paternal line, his grandparents hav- 
 ing come from Yorkshire, while his father, William F. Cole, was bom in Pitts- 
 burg, Pennsylvania on the i8th of July, i8i8. Upon their arrival in this country 
 the family located in Pennsylvania in the vicinity of Pittsburg. In his early 
 manhood William F. Cole came west, settling in Brimfield township, Peoria 
 county, in the spring of 1844. There he engaged in farming until 1854, when 
 he removed with his family to Millbrook township, where he acquired one hun- 
 dred and twenty acres of land that he cultivated until his death on December 
 23, 1883. For his wife Mr. Cole chose Miss Mary Ann Cutter, who was born 
 in the vicinity of Ashland, Richland county, Ohio, on the 29th of July, 1829. 
 As a child of four years she accompanied her people on their removal to Peoria 
 county in 1833, and there she was reared to womanhood and married on the 
 i6th of April, 1846. She survived her husband for a number of years, her 
 death occurring on March 15, 1894. Thirteen children were born to Mr. and 
 Mrs. Cole, as follows: John, a veteran of the Civil war, who is a physician in 
 Williamsfield ; one, who died in infancy ; William H., who is farming in the 
 
o 
 
 X 
 
178 HISTORY OF KXOX COUNTY 
 
 were passed in the employ of G. W. Barnett in the grain business and during 
 the last seven years of that period he was in partnership with Mr. Barnett in 
 the grain trade at St. Augustine, Illinois. At the time the Santa Fe Railroad 
 was being built he came to Galesburg and established a lumber business at his 
 present location. During the years of his connection with the business interests 
 of this city he has made steady progress, has a well equipped lumberyard and 
 enjoys a good patronage. 
 
 On the 22d of December. 1864. Mr. Keefe was united in marriage to Miss 
 Winifred O'Hare, a daughter of Simon O'Hare, of Tuam, Galway County, Ire- 
 land. The children of this marriage are : John, now living in Sioux City, Iowa ; 
 Winifred, who is the wife of John Scanlon, of Chicago, and has four children; 
 Marie, Genevieve, John and George: Frank, living in San Francisco, California; 
 Ursula and Teresa, both at home: Ita, who is the wife of T. H. Kevlin, of Chi- 
 cago, and has one child, Marion : Anastasia, living in Chicago : and Regina, at 
 home. The wife snd mother died July i8, 1907, at the age of sixty-three years, 
 her death having occurred at her home in Galesburg. 
 
 In politics Mr. Keefe is independent, voting as his judgment dictates rather 
 than by the promptings of party rule. He is a member of the Corpus Christi 
 Catholic church and also holds membership with the Knights of Columbus. 
 He may truly be called a self-made man and as the architect of his own fortune 
 has builded wisely and well. He has never allowed obstacles or difficulties to 
 discourage him and his persistency of purpose and energj' have opened for him 
 the way to success. 
 
 ISAAC FRANK COLE. 
 
 - For the past thirty-one years Isaac Frank Cole has been successfully en- 
 gaged in general farming and stock-raising on a hundred and twenty acres of 
 land, located two miles south of Williamsfield. His birth occurred two miles 
 east of here in Brimfield township, Peoria county, on the 2 1st of December, 
 1851. He is of English extraction in the paternal line, his grandparents hav- 
 ing come from Yorkshire, while his father. \\'illiani F. Cole, was born in Pitts- 
 burg, Pennsylvania on the iSth of July. iSiS. Upon their arrival in this country 
 the family located in Pennsylvania in the vicinity of Pittsburg. In his early 
 manliood William F. Cole came west, settling in P>rimfield townshij), Peoria 
 county, in the spring of 1844. There he engaged in farming until 1854, when 
 he removed with his family to Millbrook township, where he acquired one hun- 
 dred and twenty acres of land that he cultivated until his death on December 
 23. 1883. For his wife Mr. Cole chose Miss Mary Ann Cutter, who was born 
 in the vicinity of Ashland, Richland county. Ohio, on the 29th of July, 1829. 
 As a child of four years she accompanied her people on their removal to Peoria 
 county in 1833, and there she was rearefl to womanhood and married on the 
 i6th of April, 1846. She survived her husband for a number of years, her 
 death occurring on March 15, 1894. Thirteen children were born to Mr. and 
 Mrs. Cole, as follows: John, a veteran of the Civil war, who is a physician in 
 \\'illiamsfield : one. who died in infancy: William II.. who is farming in the 
 
X. 
 
<-:.::'-'^,-:-"r'r:----''-:^^ HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY ': ' isi ::-; v 
 
 vicinity of Joplin, Missouri; Isaac Frank, our subject; Charles, a fanner near :' . . 
 Iota, Allen county, Kansas; Sarah, the wife of G. L. Doubet; Lucy, who mar- ; - 
 ried George Nelson, of Elmwood; Minnie, who died at the age of thirteen; ' ;, . 
 Lemuel, who is a farmer of Canada; Marge, who died on the nth of May, . : .; 
 1903, the wife of Samuel M. Parker; Fred G., who lives in Truro township; ' ' - 
 Job, who resides in Williamsfield ; and Newton J., residing a half mile south of . . r ' 
 Williamsfield, who is a rural mail carrier. 
 
 > There were no particular events in the early life of Isaac Frank Cole to >; . 
 differentiate it from those of other lads reared in the rural communities at that . 
 period. He attended the district schools until he had mastered the common v. 
 branches of English learning, and during that time he was also laying the . . / 
 foundation of a future agricultural career by assisting his father with the work . . 
 of the fields and care of the stock. Laying aside his school books, he gave his . . 
 entire time and attention to agricultural pursuits in Peoria county until he had , : 
 attained the age of twenty-five years. On the i6th of April, 1877, he came to -> 
 Knox county, settling on a rented farm for three years, whence, in 1880, he /; . 
 removed onto the place where he has ever since lived. He has one hundred / 
 
 * - ' . j- 
 
 and twenty acres of land here that he has brought under high cultivation dur- : 
 ing the long period of his ownership. Mr. Cole has prospered in both his ' .. . 
 general fanning and stock-raising, and from year to year has made such im- . :' 
 provements in his property as his circumstances would warrant. All of the '. - 
 buildings now standing on the place have been erected since he bought it. His . 
 bams are large and commodious, affording ample shelter for his stock and , . 
 grain, and he also has substantial outbuildings for the protection of fanning .. 
 implements and a very comfortable farm house. He has always given his i ,. 
 undivided attention to the plowing, sowing and harvesting of his' fields, and to . - 
 his painstaking application is probably attributable much of his success. His 
 land is very productive and he annually realizes a goodly dividend on his sunv : ;. 
 mer's labor. :. : ' - 
 
 On the nth of January, 1877, Mr. Cole was united in marriage to Miss 
 Martha Ann Nelson, whose natal day was the I4th of September, 1854. Mrs. ' 
 Cole is a daughter of Josiah and Margaret (King) Nelson, the father a native . 
 of Pennsylvania, his birth occurring in the vicinity of Altoona in i8i6. Mr. ' - 
 and Mrs. Cole have been the parents of eight children: John, who was born ; 
 November 27, 1877, and died at the age of eleven months; Mary Ann, whose , , 
 birth occurred on the 5th of March, 1879: Maude, born on November i8, 1880; : 
 Lemuel J., whose natal day was the nth of February, 1884; Marge who was :, 
 born on May 6, 1886; Sarah, who was born May 13, 1888, and died on the ; < 
 25th of February, 1889; Martha, who was born September i6, 1889; and F. H., -I ; ' 
 who was bom on the 23rd of August, 1891. Maude, who is the third in order V ; 
 of birth, married Harry F. Blank and they have four children: Wilbur; Grace, 5 
 who died at the age of six weeks: Dwayne; and Edna. Lemuel J., the eldest 
 living son, married Mary A. Lagergren, and they have two daughters, Marie : . 
 and Ann. Marge, the next in order of birth, became the wife of Alfred H. 
 Lamboley, and they had two children: Jeannette; and Charles who died No- .; - 
 vember, 20, 1911. ; 
 
 ' " 
 
182 HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY ;J:t' 
 
 The fraternal relations of Mr. Cole are confined to his membership in the > .; 
 Modern Woodmen of America and the Knights of Pythias. In his political ;,;.''. 
 views he has always been a stanch republican, but has never had either the 
 time or inclination to enter public life, all his energies finding ample scope in ; ! ..V 
 the development of his personal interests, in which he has met with success. ;/ :; 
 
 ;.^/ FRANK E. WOOLSEY. : = . 
 
 The late Frank E. Woolsey, for many years engaged in the harness and sad- 
 dlery business in Knoxville, was born here, on the 3Oth of August, 1851, and was .|; 
 a son of Edwin and Mary (Tingle) Woolsey. The father was a native of the 
 state of New York, where he engaged in farming until 1848 when he came to '; 
 Knoxville. Soon after his arrival here he engaged in business, continuing to '; 
 be identified with the commercial activities of the town until his retirement. He ; 
 had resided here but a short time when he was married to Miss Tingle, a native 
 of Ohio, and they became the parents of six sons and two daughters, as fol- 
 lows : Frank E., our subject, who was the eldest ; James E., who is engaged in the ; 
 wholesale grocery business in Chicago ; Charles, who is living near La Junta, 
 Colorado; Hattie, who died at the age of eighteen years; Ida; George, who is 
 also deceased ; Arthur, a brick mason of Knoxville ; and Leroy, who is deceased. 
 The mother passed away in 1907, at the age of seventy-nine, while the father 
 was eighty-four years of age when he died in 1910. He was a veteran of the 
 Civil war, having enlisted and gone to the front from Knoxville, when hostilities . 
 first broke out, continuing in the service for three years. ; ; 
 
 Frank E. Woolsey was educated in the common schools of Knoxville, and 
 when old enough to commence preparations for his life work, learned the harness- ! 
 maker's trade. He followed this for a time in his native town, when he went to ; 
 Moline and subsequently took a position on the road. Withdrawing he re- 
 turned to Knoxville and established a harness and saddlery business that he con- ^ 
 ducted until his death, which occurred on May 30, 1895. The business was con- 
 tinued for about a year thereafter under the supervision of his widow, who then . 
 disposed of it. . '::' ,: , ': J ^ ; -v ' ';i- ./' - I '- ' , : 
 
 Rock Island, Illinois, was the scene of the marriage of Mr. Woolsey, on the : 
 I9th of March, 1882, to Miss Hannah Arabella Simpson. She was born ii> : 
 Westmoreland county, Pennsylvania, and is a daughter of Jesse Swan and Eliza 
 (Gunnell) Simpson. Her father was also a native of Westmoreland county, his 
 birth occurring in Hempfield township, on the iSth of November, 1815, his parents 
 being James and Hannah (Steinmetz) Simpson. James Simpson was born and ; 
 reared in Scotland, whence he emigrated to America in the very early days, lo- . 
 eating in Pennsylvania before the war of 1812, in which he participated. His wife 
 was a native of Germany and a daughter of John and Mary Steinmetz, who were 
 also among the early settlers of Westmoreland county. Mrs. Woolsey was born I 
 on the old homestead in Pennsylvania, where her grandfather Simpson lived and 
 died. In the maternal line Mrs. Woolsey is of French extraction, her great- . 
 grandfather having emigrated to America from France in the early days of the : 
 last century and settled in Westmoreland county, Pennsylvania. The grand- 
 
: ' ; ; HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY ^ >';: 
 
 father, Corbin Gunnell resided there until 1862, when he removed to Molina, 
 Illinois, where he for many years was engaged in the dry-goods business, but 
 he was living retired at the time of his death, which occurred in Moline. His 
 parents were Jonathan and Parmelia Gunnell, the father a veteran of the Revo- 
 lution having served under General Washington. Jesse Swan Simpson, Mrs. 
 Woolsey's father, came to Rock Island, Illinois, in 1869, locating in Coe town- 
 ship, where he bought a farm that he operated until his death on the 3Oth of 
 June, 1903, in his eighty-seventh year. Her mother, who died very suddenly 
 from heart failure on October 4, 1908, at the age of eighty-six, was born in Penn- 
 sylvania, on the nth of May, 1823. Of their marriage there were bom six sons 
 and five daughters, as follows: Benjamin F., who is now deceased, a veteran of 
 the Civil war, having enlisted from Pennsylvania; Maria C., the wife of Joseph 
 Askew, of Cordova township. Rock Island county; Mary Jane, who died when 
 she was twenty- four; Silas M., who resides near Hillsdale, Rock Island county; 
 Jesse L. and Almira, twins, the latter the wife of William Aldridge of Port Byron, 
 and the former also a resident of Rock Island county; Mrs. Woolsey ; Emma C., 
 the wife of John Groom, editor of the Aurora Daily Beacon, of Aurora Illinois; 
 Curtis, who is living in St. Louis; Elmer E., a farmer of North Dakota; and 
 Ulysses Grant, who is a resident of Rock Island, so named from General Grant, 
 a cousin of Mr. Simpson. Unto Mr. and Mrs. Woolsey there was born one son, 
 Jesse Francis, a manufacturing chemist connected with the firm of Strong, Cobb 
 & Company of Cleveland. He married Miss Maude Belle Johnston, a native of 
 Indiana, and they have one son, Robert J. Woolsey. -' ,- 
 
 Mr. Woolsey was a member of the Presbyterian church, as is also his widow 
 and son, and fraternally he was connected with the Ancient Order of United 
 Workmen. He belonged to the Sons of Veterans and his political support he 
 gfave to the republican party. Mrs. Woolsey has continued to live in Knoxville 
 ever since the death of her husband, where she owns a very pleasant residence 
 and has many friends, by whom she is held in high esteem. 
 
 ; ; ' -.:. LUCIAN P. STEEPLETON. ; ^ n^ '; . 1^^'- 
 
 ;, '".-'.' - "... - .' .-..':."> '-^'- ,:'". i^r.. '1-'^ ::'.'.>'- ;. , -,'>'{"--.';- .-;'^::'; 
 
 Lucian P. Steepleton, who is conducting a grocery and meat market on North 
 Cherry street, is one of the enterprising and progressive merchants i>f Gales- 
 burg. He was born on a farm in the vicinity of Gilson, Knox county, on the 
 1 7th of September, 1867, and is a son of Harrison and Ellen (Parkins) Steeple- 
 ton. The father was a native of Indiana, his birth occurring in the vicinity of 
 Harrisburg, on August i6, 1831, while the mother was born in Illinois, in Novem- 
 ber, 1841. Harrison Steepleton, who was an agriculturist, came to Illinois in his 
 early manhood, locating at North Henderson, this county. There he engaged in 
 farming for a while but subsequently removed to the vicinity of Gilson, where 
 he was later married. Agricultural pursuits engaged his energies during the en- 
 tire period of his active life, but he has now withdrawn from the work of the 
 fields and is living retired in Gilson. He has always taken much interest in pub- 
 lic aflFairs, although he was never an office seeker, and gives his political support 
 to the republican party. The family of Mr. and Mrs. Steepleton numbered nine. 
 
184 HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY 
 
 as follows : Lorena, who is deceased ; Winfield Scott, who is a resident of Gilson ; 
 and Melissa, Ella and Dorrance, all of whom are deceased; Lucian P., our sub- .. > 
 ject; Vesta, the wife of Charles I. Butt, who resides five miles east of Knoxville; 
 Jennie, the wife of Edward Hiler of Knoxsville; and Ed, who is also a resident 
 of Gilson. V-'^ ' , ".. 
 
 The public schools of Gilson provided Lucian P. Steepleton with an education, 
 and after he was graduated from the high school, he taught for two years in 
 one of the near-by districts. At the expiration of that time he applied himself 
 to learning telegraphy and when he had mastered the key, he was appointed as- 
 sistant agent for the Chicago, Burlington & Quincy Railroad at Oneida. He re- ; / 
 mained in the service of this company for ten years, withdrawing from their 
 employ at the end of that time to become superintendent of the Galesburg & 
 Great Eastern. When their coal fields were exhausted he gave up railroading 
 in order to engage in mercantile pursuits. He first embarked in the grocery busi- . ' 
 ness at Wataga, where he conducted a store for eighteen months. At the end 
 of that time he went to Oneida, where he operated a similar enterprise for three 
 years. Disposing of his store, he withdrew from commercial activities and for 
 ten years gave his entire time and attention to the fraternal insurance business 
 in Galesburg. During that period he was also secretary for the Knox County 
 Farmers' Mutual Fire & Lightning Insurance Company for four years. He sub- 
 sequently returned to mercantile pursuits and is now conducting a grocery and 
 meat market on North Cherry street. Enterprising and progressive in whatever 
 he undertakes, Mr. Steepleton is meeting with success in his undertaking. He 
 carrier a comprehensive assortment of staple and fancy groceries that are attract- 
 ively displayed, and in his market can be found a choice line of fresh and cured 
 meats, fish, vegetables, fruits and dairy products. Care and discretion is always 
 displayed in the selection of all brands he offers to his customers, it being his 
 desire to provide the best the market affords for the price. Courtesy and consid- 
 eration are shown to all who accord him their patronage and he exerts every 
 effort to be accommodating. He is thoroughly modern in all of his ideas and 
 believes that the best interests of both patrons and merchants are protected 
 through the organization of the latter, whose effort it is to promote all of the 
 public utilities. At the present time he is secretary of the Retail Merchants 
 Association, having entered upon his duties in May, 1911, and enthusiastically 
 champions its endeavors to advance the development of the community. v-v- .- 
 
 On the 11th of May, 1892, Mr. Steepleton was united in marriage to Miss 
 Susan Wiles, a daughter of John and Margaret Wiles of Wataga, and they have 
 become the parents of one child, Wyllys, whose birth occurred on the 3Oth of 
 October, 1907. John Wiles was a native of England and there he passed the ';. 
 first eighteen years of his life. Believing that better advantages were afforded; 
 energetic and thrifty young men in America, at the end of that time he took 
 passage for the United States, coming directly to Illinois. He first located in 
 Peoria, where for many years he was employed in the coal mines. He subse- 
 quently retired to Wataga, where he passed away as did also the mother, and '. - . 
 there Mrs. Steepleton was born on the nth of April, 1870. Mr. Wiles was a 
 member of the Independent Order of Odd Fellows and his political support he 
 gpive to the democratic party. ;\ 
 
';;^f^< ;J::,- -Q HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY v^- 185 
 
 The religious views of Mr. and Mrs. Steepleton are manifested through their 
 membership in the Methodist Episcopal church. They take an active and helpful 
 interest in the work of its various societies and departments, and for many years 
 he has been teaching a Bible class, and he is also a member of the official board 
 of stewards. Fraternally he is affiliated with the Modern Woodmen of America 
 and he votes the prohibition ticket, thus voicing his views on the liquor traffic. 
 Mr. Steepleton represents the class of citizens who can successfully conduct their 
 personal interests and yet find time to fulfill their duties to society by giving 
 assistance in advancing the welfare of the community along those lines tha* 
 redound to the benefit of humanity at large. :: .. .- . ; : .. 
 
 V ;;. vv JOHN C. TOLER, M. D. y ;;:.-';;/ 
 
 While Dr. John C. Toler's degree indicates that he is qualified for the practice 
 of medicine and in fact he devoted his attention to the profession for a number 
 of years, he is now connected with commercial interests, having for some time 
 been traveling representative for the Peru (Indiana) Refrigerator Company in 
 eight of the central states. He was born in Astoria, Fulton county, Illinois, in 
 1860, a son of William T. Toler, a native of Virginia, whose father at one time 
 was professor of Greek and Latin in a university at Winchester, Kentucky. 
 William T. read medicine at an early age and when a young man went to Astoria, 
 Illinois, where he engaged in the practice of medicine successfully for more than 
 forty years. He was also interested in a general store and in a drug store there 
 and was an active, public-spirited man whose influence was always found on the 
 side of progress and improvement. He was regarded as one of the most promi- 
 nent, valued and honored citizens of his adopted town. He married Sarah A. 
 Morrow, a representative of one of the pioneer families of Bath, Mason county, 
 Illinois. Her death occurred December 13, 1911, in Astoria, at the advanced 
 age of eighty years. In their family were four children of whom three are living : 
 Temple E., who is a business man of Astoria; Allie E., a widow, living in that 
 place ; and Dr. Toler, of this review. 
 
 The last named, stimulated by the example and success of his father, took up 
 the study of medicine following the acquirement of his early education in the 
 public schools, and was graduated from the Missouri Medical College of St. 
 Louis with the class of i88i. For five years he practiced in his native town, 
 where he still has business interests, and in 1889 became a resident of Galesburg, 
 where he became associated with Dr. Cowan in the drug business. After two 
 years he purchased his partner's interests and conducted the store alone for a 
 year. He then sold out and purchased the stock of Van Shack & Bellows Hard- 
 ware Company, after which he conducted that business successfully for seven 
 years, or until his health failed him and he was obliged to sell out. He then went 
 to California where he spent two years and upon his recovery he returned to 
 Galesburg, since which time he has represented the Peru Refrigerator Company 
 as traveling salesman in eight of the central states. In this connection he became 
 widely known and is regarded as a business man of marked ability and enter- 
 prise, building up an excellent trade for the company which he represents, and 
 
186 ; HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY ,.,]:,.. 
 
 because of the faithfulness and efficiency of his service gaining an excellent remu- 
 neration for his labors. 
 
 Dr. Toler was married in Fulton county, Illinois, in 1882, to Miss Eva Kost, 
 and unto them have been born two children : Mrs. Henry W. Lass, of Galesburg, 
 and Ethelyn, at home. In his political views Dr. Toler is a democrat but with- 
 out desire for office. He belongs to the Galesburg Club and to the Methodist 
 church and his interests are always along those lines which represent the best 
 things of life and which promote the material, intellectual, social and moral prog- 
 ress of his city. 
 
 -; ROBERT WEIR COLVILLE. . ;.: ^ y "y 
 
 Robert Weir Colville, deceased, was for many years well known as a repre- 
 sentative of industrial interests in Galesburg, becoming master mechanic for the 
 Chicago, Burlington & Quincy Railroad in this city in 1878. In that position he 
 continued unt'il his death and the record which he made was at all times a credit- 
 able one a record of industry, diligence and faithfulness. 
 
 He was born March 31, 1839, in Glasgow, Scotland. His father was Robert 
 Colville, who is remembered by his many friends as a genial, generous and hon- 
 orable man whom all admired because of his many sterling qualities. At the 
 time of his death he had almost completed his second term's service in the office 
 of city treasurer of this city, having performed the duties of that responsible po- 
 sition to the satisfaction of all concerned. He was a native of Scotland who had 
 emigrated to the United States in early manhood. For many years he carried on 
 the business of bookbinding in Galesburg, but in the spring of 1869 was elected 
 to the office of city treasurer and continued therein until his life's labors were 
 ended in death. He was ever a courteous, polished gentleman whom it was a 
 pleasure to meet, and his conversation was enriched by allusions to literary sub- 
 jects with which he was thoroughly familiar. At his death he left a wife and 
 four sons to mourn the loss of a loving husband and devoted father, and his 
 demise was also the occasion of deep regret to many friends. His first wife, 
 who bore the maiden name of Anna Maxwell, died in i86i, and he subsequently 
 married Sarah Crocker, by whom he had one son. 
 
 His son, Robert Weir Colville, was a youth of twelve years when, in 1851, the 
 family crossed the Atlantic to the new world. In early life he learned the book- 
 binder's trade and was connected therewith in Chicago from 1851 until 1856, 
 when the family came to Galesburg. Here Robert W. Colville made his home 
 until his death, on December 28, 1909, with the exception of a few years spent in 
 Aurora, Illinois, in the employ of the Chicago, Burlington & Quincy Railroad 
 Company. At the time of the Civil war, however, he put aside all business and 
 personal considerations that he might aid in the struggle to preserve the Union, 
 enlisting in Company E of the Seventeenth Illinois Volunteer Infantry. He 
 continued at the front until 1863, when he mustered out on account of .failing 
 health that rendered him unfit for field duty. He was present at the battle of 
 Fort Donelson and also took part in the hotly contested battles of Shiloh. 
 
^;>;; ^^ HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY V ^ ' 189 
 
 : After being honorably discharged, Mr. Colville returned to Galesburg and, 
 having but little liking for the trade of bookbinding in which he had been assist- 
 ing his father, he entered the employ of the Chicago, Burlington & Quincy Rail- 
 road Company in the capacity of fireman. His faithfulness and ability later won 
 him promotion to the position of engineer and from 1863 until his death he was 
 in the employ of the railroad company, being advanced through various positions, 
 including that of foreman of the local roundhouse and foreman of the round- 
 house at Aurora until 1878, when he was made master mechanic at Galesburg, 
 continuing in that position until he met an accidental death under an engine. 
 
 On the 4th of March, 1866, Mr. Colville had been married in Galesburg to 
 Miss Edith Wilbur Cole, the daughter of George W. Cole, who came to this city 
 from Sheldon, Vermont, in 1856, and was engaged in the harness and saddlery 
 business. Mrs. Colville is justly proud of a most distinguished ancestry, in- 
 cluding patriots of the Revolutionary period, governors and men of note during 
 the colonial epoch and several who were passengers on the Mayflower, includ- 
 ing Governor Bradford. George W. Cole, her father, was one of the prominent 
 early merchants of this city but retired fifteen years prior to his death in 1902. 
 He married Almira Holcomb, of the state of New York, and their daughter, 
 Edith, became the wife of Mr. Colville. Three children were born of this mar- 
 riage, namely: Alma B., the wife of Victor E. Bender, owner of the Springfield 
 News ; Nita M., the wife of Nevin C. Lescher, a brick dealer of Galesburg ; and 
 Robert Rex, who married Jessie Ayre of Galesburg, and is in the employ of the 
 Chicago, Burlington & Quincy Railroad. 
 
 In his fraternal relations, Mr. Colville was a Mason and exemplified in his 
 life the beneficent spirit of the craft. He was also a member of the Elks lodge 
 of Galesburg and a charter member of the Galesburg Club, and had many friends 
 in those organizations as well as among his business associates and those whom . 
 he met in social circles. The greater part of his life was passed in this city and 
 those who knew him recognized in him the sterling traits of character which in 
 every land and clime win confidence and regard. He was for several years a 
 member of the board of education of Galesburg, was a democrat in politics btit 
 in the latter years of his life voted for the man instead of the party. ... . . ., . . 
 
 V V -;-:;' GEORGE BOARDMAN CHURCHILL. ; '; V V ! K 
 
 The steps in the orderly progression of George Boardman Churchill are easily 
 discernible. He has gradually worked his way upward until he is now at the 
 head of the Churchill Hardware Company, one of the largest commercial en- 
 terprises of Galesburg, He is also recognized as a man of marked public spirit, 
 whose interest in the general welfare has never been a perfunctory one. His 
 active and helpful cooperation in public movements has been the manifestation 
 of a deep interest in all that pertains to the progress, upbuilding and prosperity 
 of the community and his work of a public nature has always been fruitful of 
 substantial results. Galesburg numbers him among her native sons, his birth 
 having here occurred August i6, 1865. He represents one of the oldest families 
 of the city. His paternal grandfather was Norman Churchill, a native of New 
 
190 HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY 
 
 York, who served as a soldier in the war of 1812, while his father was one of 
 the heroes of the Revolutionary war. Norman Churchill became a pioneer of 
 Galesburg and is said to have made the first trade consummated here. He took 
 a very active and helpful part in the development and progress of this section of 
 the state and was also connected with many interests and projects of a public 
 nature outside of the field of business. He became one of the conductors on the 
 famous underground railroad, for his anti-slavery views prompted him to assist 
 many a negro on his way to freedom in the north. Both he and his wife 
 remained residents of Galesburg until called to their final rest. Their children 
 were : Wilberforce, who was killed while serving in the Civil war ; Emily ; Belle ; i 
 Elvira; Norman; Julia; and George. ' 
 
 The last named was the father of George Boardman Churchill, and was a -.; 
 native of New York. He was brought to Galesburg in 1839, when but ten years ' 
 of age, was here reared to manhood and devoted his entire life to the profession 
 of teaching. For forty-seven years he was one of the professors in Knox Col- ;-, 
 lege and his labors did much to place that institution in the high and honored 
 position which it has always held as one of the educational centers of the state. 
 He was also the founder of the public-school system of Galesburg and for many 
 years served on the board of education, his labors constituting a practical and 
 forceful element in the establishment of the schools and their conduct along 
 lines, rendering them of practical worth to the young as a preparation for life's 
 work. Professor Churchill also served for many years on the library board, was '-^. 
 city engineer for thirty years and was one of the first surveyors of the Military v 
 Tract Railroad, which became a part of the Chicago, Burlington & Quincy sys- ' 
 tem. He long filled the position of alderman and exercised his official preroga- 
 tives in support of every plan and project for the general good. His entire life 
 was actuated by the high and honorable principles which have their root in Chris- 
 tian faith and he was long a devoted member of the Central Congregational 
 church, serving as superintendent of its Sunday school for a quarter of a century. 
 He was twice married, his first wife being Qara Hurd, a relative of the Gale 
 family, who were the founders of Galesburg. They had one son, Milton E. 
 Churchill. After losing his first wife Professor Churchill wedded Ada Hayes, a 
 native of Vermont. She was a second cousin of ex-President Hayes, while 
 Professor Churchill was a second cousin of Samuel J. Tilden, the two men who 
 were rival candidates for the presidency in 1876. Mrs. Churchill was a daugh- 
 ter of the Rev. Gordon Hayes, whose father was a soldier in the Revolutionary 
 war. Gordon Hayes was a native of Vermont and a minister of the Congre- 
 gational church. He married a Miss Fassett and on removing westward settled 
 in Muscatine, Iowa, where both he and his wife passed away, his death occur- 
 ring when he was more than ninety years of age, while his wife died at the age 
 of eighty-nine. They had a large family : Mary, a missionary to China, who was 
 the wife of William Jones, an editor of the Old Curiosity Shop, a department of 
 the Chicago Inter-Ocean; Lilly, the wife of Walter Waugh; Ed.; Charles; 
 Daniel ; John ; and Ada. It was the last named who became the wife of Professor 
 Churchill, and unto them were born three children: Charles Edward, now liv- 
 ing in Montclair, New Jersey ; George Boardman ; and Mary, who was accident- 
 ally shot when three years old. The mother also met her death by accident in 
 April, 1869, after which Professor Churchill married Ellen Sanborn Watkins. 
 
,;,>^;;.-Vv' HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY ' 191 7^' 
 
 ..''.." *''"''*''., I*. ' 
 
 He died in Galesburg in 1899, at the age of seventy years, the city thereby los- = ; 
 ing one of its most honored and representative residents a man whose worth to ' ^: ' 
 the communty as a factor in its intellectual progress and its stability and pros- ; ' ^ ^~ 
 perity cannot be overestimated. 
 
 , George B. Churchill has been a lifelong resident of Knox county, spending the ' 
 entire period in Galesburg save for three years, during which he resided in Abing- . 
 
 don. He was a pupil in the public schools and in Knox College and following . 
 the completion of his education engaged in clerking for five months in the hard- '. 
 ware store of Main, Foltz & Givens. This sufficed to convince him that it was ' ; . ': 
 a congenial occupation and he then entered into partnership with W. B. Main, ; ' : ' 
 spending two and a half years in that relation in Abingdon. This terminated . ' .- 
 the three years' period of his absence from Galesburg, after which he returned to > ' 
 
 his native city and purchased the hardware store of O. T. Duvon, admitting his ^ : 
 brother-in-law H. F. Wetherbee to a partnership under the firm style of Churchill 
 & Wetherbee. This connection was continued until 1894, when he purchased his . ' 
 
 partner's interest and conducted the business under the name of the G. B. 
 Churchill Company. For the past eleven years it has been carried on under the . : 
 style of the Churchill Hardware Company and is one of the most extensive met- :;. 
 cantile enterprises of the city, a large stock of goods finding ready sale because .,^' .; 
 of the excellent line which he carries and his thorough reliability in all business V 
 transactions. In addition to his hardware enterprise Mr. Churchill has been .'\- ':" 
 closely associated with many business interests and activities of a semi-public ..';: '.^ 
 character, which have proved potent forces in the city's growth and development. ; .; 
 He was instrumental in securing the building of the switch between the Chicago, : ; 
 Burlington & Quincy and the Santa Fe Railroads. He was also chairman for V , 
 many years of the new enterprise committee of the Commercial Qub, which -': ' 
 instituted organized efforts for the public good. He is likewise president of the .. . : ; 
 Galesburg Union Telephone Company, which is the largest independent telephone - " 
 plant outside of Chicago in the state, and for many years he was a director of ; ; V 
 the Coulter-Disc Manufacturing Company, his labors being largely responsible : ;.; f 
 for the location of this plant in Galesburg. He was likewise one of the original v.y ; 
 ten men who built the street car line from Galesburg to Abingdon and thus his .: . . :: 
 work at all times has been a feature in the business development and public im- - 
 provement of the city. Mr. Churchill was a member of the committee on city : ''. ;r 
 buildings and as such instrumental in erecting the fire department building, the-'S:' : 
 city hall, the jail and patrol station, and also served on the committee that bought 
 
 the city park. . '': , - 
 
 Mr. Churchill was married, January 17, 1894, to Miss Made O'Connor, a -.-; 
 daughter of James and Mary (Ryan) O'Connor, but she died in the fall of the' .-'''. v 
 same year. On the I2th of February, 1896, he wedded Qara Scott Babcock, .>'; 
 who was born in Detroit, Michigan, a daughter of Charles M. and Maggie (Me- ' . . 
 Chesney) Babcock. Her father was a native of New York, while her mother was .;.. 
 
 one of the first children born in Galesburg. She is now living in Los Angeles, ;. v 
 California, but Mr. Babcock passed away in this city when about sixty-five years . ;' ; 
 of age. In their family were four children, O. Frank, George M., Mabel E., , ;' 
 and Clara. Mr. Babcock's father was a native of Oneida county. New York, : . 
 and his mother belonged to the Sherman family. The maternal grandfather of : ' 
 
 Mrs. Churchill was an early settler of Galesburg and married a Miss Scott. Unto ' ' ' 
 
192 . ; HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY 
 
 Mr. and Mrs. Churchill have been born three children. Lake George, Marjorie, 
 and William. The family residence is at No. 1042 North Cedar street and the 
 members of the household are prominent in the social circles of the city. Mr. 
 Churchill belongs to Veritas Lodge, No.. 478, L O. O. F., and to the Galesburg 
 Club, of which he was one of the founders. Any project or movement which 
 has its root in a desire to prove of public benefit receives his indorsement and co- 
 operation, for he is widely known as a public-spirited citizen, whose work has 
 been a resultant factor for good. His business interests and connections have 
 largely been of a character that has contributed to general progress and pros- 
 perity and his labors have been a most potent factor in stimulating trade relations. 
 
 :',:' '.ff'3t.' ' ' ;;;: JOHN 
 
 John Mosser is a self-made man of prominence, attaining to his present 
 
 position as president of the First State & Savings Bank of Abingdon by reason 
 
 ' . , of a well defined purpose and unfaltering effort and determination in its achieve- 
 
 * ment. He was born January i, 1832, in Preston county. West Virginia, his 
 
 ;. ; : parents being John and Susan (Frankhauser) Mosser, natives of Maryland and 
 
 ' Virginia respectively. The father was a farmer by occupation and removed 
 
 : from Maryland to West Virginia, where he passed away when almost eighty- 
 
 ' eight years of age. He had purchased a farm in that state, cleared and developed 
 
 / it and it is still in possession of the family, being now the property of Daniel 
 
 Mosser, the brother of John Mosser. The father was a soldier of the War of 
 
 1812 and his political support was given the democratic party. He came of 
 
 one of the old families of Maryland. 
 
 John Mosser, spending his youthful days in his native county, pursued his 
 
 education in select schools, where he spent only a few weeks each winter. The 
 
 little temple of learning was a log building supplied with slab benches and other 
 
 . primitive furnishings. The remainder of the year was devoted to work upon 
 
 : his father's farm in West Virginia and experience early impressed upon his 
 
 . mind the lessons of industry and perseverance. Like many another young 
 
 man, he felt that better opportunities might be afforded him elsewhere than in 
 
 ' his home district and on attaining his majority he started out to make his way 
 
 in the world. His choice of a destination was a wise one, for in 1855 he arrived 
 
 in Illinois. For a time he worked on a farm near Industry, this state, and then 
 
 went to the west, starting on the overland trip for Pike's Peak in' 1859 to dig 
 
 gold. After getting well into Kansas he turned around and came back to Illinois, 
 
 resolved that he would dig his gold from the fertile fields of the Prairie state. 
 
 ;. He then formed a partnership with his brother, Jacob F., for the conduct of a 
 
 blacksmith shop in Industry, where he remained until 1864. He then removed 
 
 to Abingdon, bringing with him the little capital which had accrued from his 
 
 earnest labor and his careful expenditure. Here he purchased the general store 
 
 of Swarts & Quinby and has since been allied with the business activities of 
 
 ^. this place. He built a two-story brick building and occupied both floors in the 
 
 conduct of a mercantile enterprise which prospered year by year. In 1895, 
 
 however, he withdrew from commercial pursuits and established a private bank 
 
0/^nr/ A^ , J . 
 
^J'i^^^-^^;: :;i: -.f HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY ^ ;^ 197 
 
 under the name of John Mosser & Company. Again success attended him and 
 on March il, 1902, he organized the First State & Savings Bank of Abingdon, 
 of which he became the president. He has continuously filled that position and 
 has made his bank one of the strong financial institutions of this part of the 
 state. In business matters his advice has always been sound and is frequently 
 sought. He has ever been conservative and this quality has given strength to 
 his banking career. 
 
 In 1860 Mr. Mosser was united in marriage to Miss Mary Carroll, a daughter 
 of William and Sarah (Conaway) Carroll, natives of Pennsylvania and Mary-.- . 
 land respectively. The father was a farmer by occupation and they were mar- 
 ried in the Keystone state, after which they removed westward in 1858, settling 
 in McDonough county, Illinois, where their remaining days were passed. Their 
 daughter Mary, who became Mrs. Mosser, died October 21, 1866, and in Novem- 
 ber, 1867, Mr. Mosser married her sister, Sarah J. Carroll. She was born in 
 Pennsylvania in 1849 and was therefore a little maiden of nine summers when 
 . the family came to this state. By the first marriage there were two children : 
 Samuel T., who wedded Kate Newell ; and Ida L., the wife of John Reed. The 
 three children of the second marriage are: Corliss G., who married Elizabeth 
 Snedaker ; Stacy C. ; and Doyd L. 
 
 Mr. Mosser is a member of the Independent Order of Odd Fellows and of 
 the Ancient Order of United Workmen. His political allegiance is given to the 
 prohibition party, for he has ever been a strong temperance man and believes 
 this to be one of the dominant issues before the country. For eighteen years 
 he served as school director of the Abingdon school district and the cause of 
 education has ever found in him a stalwart champion. He filled the office of 
 city treasurer of Abingdon in 1871-2, has been supervisor of Cedar township 
 and was mayor of the city from 1879 until i88i and again from 1888 until 
 1891. His long service as chief executive indicates his high standing as a citizen 
 and the confidence reposed in him by his fellow townsmen. He has ever reared 
 his family in the belief that honesty is the best policy and trained his children 
 to live within their means, saying that if an individual spends less than he 
 makes he will never see hard times. In a word, Mr. Mosser stands for every- 
 thing that is safe, sound, conservative and upright in the commercial world 
 and for all that is trustworthy and progressive in the individual. './'y-';;;-.' T:' 
 
 EDWIN F. HOLMES. 
 
 ;. :. : Edwin F. Holmes, who resides on his farm in Ontario township, is a member 
 of a family which has been identified with the agricultural interests of the town- 
 ship for nearly forty years. His birth occurred October 3, 1884. his parents be- 
 
 -; ing John and Aledo (Olson) Holm, the former a native of Sweden, having been 
 born in West Morland, July i8, 1850. The father was the son of Nels and Anna 
 
 ;>;,;,-/:.- >^? V'v.v;^:;^//^ . : 
 
198 HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY nv / 
 
 . - ' i, 
 
 Holm, both lifelong residents of Sweden, where the former lived to be ninety- ' 
 two years of age. John Holm received a common-school education in Sweden 
 and emigrated to this country in 1869, coming direct to Galesburg, where he en-. 
 tered the employ of the Charles Johnson Brick Company for a short time and 
 then accepted a position on a railroad at North Henderson before returning to 
 Galesburg in 1870. Since that time he has resided in Knox county continuously. 
 Coming to Ontario township in 1872 he purchased the land which was the nucleus 
 of his present three hundred and twenty acre farm, upon which he has lived re- 
 tired for the last fifteen years, his two sons, Fred L. and Edwin F., working the 
 farm on shares and devoting it to raising cattle and hogs. Mr. Holm has been 
 twice married. His first union was with Miss Olson, of Henry county, whose 
 death occurred in 1892 and his second marriage was to Helen Erickson, the daugh- ; 
 ter of Eric Erickson, of Knox county. In politics Mr. Holm gives his support to 
 the republican party, and in religious faith he is a Congregationalist, holding mem- ; 
 bership in the Congregational church of Oneida. He is also a school director. 
 
 Edwin F. Holmes acquired his education in the common schools of Ontario 
 township and since laying aside his text-books has devoted his entire attention to 
 agricultural pursuits on the home place. Until 1905 he assisted his father with the 
 general farm duties but during the last six years has been farming on his own ac- 
 count, engaging in general farming and also in raising cattle and hogs for the west-'? 
 ern markets. . .. ; --v vT/ -1 -'. : ' 
 
 On May 2, 1906, Mr. Holmes was married to Ruth Sturgeon, the daughter of 
 Sheldon and Rosa (Lowry) Sturgeon, of Henry county. The father was actively 
 engaged in agricultural pursuits until a few years prior to his death, in 1908, 
 and the mother is residing at Woodhull, Illinois. To Mr. and Mrs. Holmes two 
 children, Willard V. and Harriet Ruth, have been bom. 
 
 In politics Mr. Holmes gives his support to the men and measures of the 
 republican party, and he is a member of the Congregational church of Oneida, 
 and of Camp, No. 555, M. W. A. Although still a young man he has already 
 won a creditable measure of success in the pursuit to which he has faithfully 
 devoted his entire energy thus far, and because of his intelligent and industrious 
 labor he is regarded as a man of sterling worth to the industrial development of 
 the township. ,' v : 
 
 r;-V LOWRY J. EDGAR. .' " 
 
 Dating his residence in Knox county from 1854, Lowry J. Edgar has been 
 for more than four decades one of the important factors in aiding the agri- 
 cultural advancement for which this section of the country is noted. His birth 
 occurred in Hart county, Kentucky, November 19, 1827, and he was a son of 
 James and Sarah (Trowbridge) Edgar, whose childhood days belong to that 
 period in history when our country was in its tenderest infancy, the former 
 being born in Iredell county. North Carolina, June 5, 1781, the latter in Essex 
 county. New Jersey, April lo, 1787. They were married in Kentucky in 1807 
 and had eleven children, of whom Lowry J. Edgar was next to the youngest. 
 
:^:.;;;- ;;;;.; .;:;vi^ -HISTORY OE KNOX COUNTY r^':;^: 199 
 
 Equipped with tihe meager educational advantages which were offered by 
 
 the district schools of Kentucky as of other states in that day, Lowry J. Edgar 
 
 lent his assistance to the maintenance of the family by working on the farm 
 
 as soon as he was old enough. In 1849, during the exciting days of the gold 
 
 boom in California, he followed the multitude drawn thither, making his way 
 
 by New Orleans and the isthmus of Panama to San Erancisco. After four 
 
 and a half years spent in the far west, during which time he became richer in 
 
 r experience than in the acquisition of gold, he returned to the region east of the 
 
 V Mississippi, settling in Knox county, Illinois. He began to farm on his present 
 
 :^-. place which he has named "The Old Homestead," the tract of land which he 
 
 ; cultivated for a continuous period of forty-two years, pursuing the various 
 
 < departments of general farming and stock-raising. Eifteen years ago he retired 
 
 from active interest in the place, which comprises one hundred and eighty acres 
 
 ' of rich and productive land, now being operated by his sons. 
 
 ;.' The marriage of Lowry J. Edgar and Miss Martha A. Brown of Hart 
 
 county, Kentucky, occurred March 6, 1859, her parents being Armsted and 
 
 Sarah (Eerguson) Brown, natives of Kentucky. Mr. Brown waa born Decem- 
 
 ; ber i8, 1808, and his wife November 23, 1808, their marriage occurring in 
 
 : Kentucky March 3, 1830. Eive years later they left their native state and 
 
 .. settled in Knox county, Illinois, where their six children were reared. Mr. 
 
 '. Brown was a democrat in politics and with his family worshiped in the Baptist 
 
 church. He died December 17, 1851, twenty-three years before his wife, who 
 
 . passed away Eebruary 25, 1874. 
 
 ; In the family of Mr. and Mrs. Edgar were four children, of whom two are 
 
 deceased: Willett S., born December 27, 1859, who died in 1890; Lillian J., 
 
 . bom December 23, i86i, who died in 1880. Two sons are living, Erank L., 
 
 born August 30, 1865, and Charles, both of whom are living on the home farm 
 
 . which they manage. Mrs. Edgar passed away on May 8, 1911, at an advanced 
 
 I age. 
 
 Politically Mr. Edgar has always been a loyal supporter of the democratic 
 
 party and has voted for the men and measures which he felt would contribute 
 
 - to the welfare of his community, his state and his nation. He is a member of 
 
 ' the Baptist church and throughout his life has been faithful in the observance 
 
 of its lofty principles of moral rectitude. Although in his eighty-fifth year he 
 
 is still in the possession of good health and hearty spirits enjoying that peace 
 
 . of mind which is the crowning glory of a long life, well spent. . ,. . , -., . 
 
 -.:./;;;:,,-./:;.,'. v'^--;'-' ERANK L. EDGAR. . .'; ' /:.',V:,v. -: :';r' :. 
 
 Frank L. Edgar, bom August 30, 1865, is the son of Lowry J. and Martha 
 A. (Brown) Edgar. After a common school education in this locality, where 
 he has lived from the time of his birth, he engaged in agriculture on his father's 
 farm, assisting in the management until his father retired fifteen years ago 
 when he, in company with his brother, assumed full charge. 
 
 Mr. Edgar was united in marriage to Miss Adeline Paul of Galesburg, 
 Illinois, June 27, 1894. Her parents, Andrew and Lavina (Taylor) Paul, were 
 
200 HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY j:-'- ^ |. ; ; : 
 
 both natives of Canada and never came to the United States. They are now 
 deceased. Mr. and Mrs. Frank L. Edgar are the parents of four children, of 
 whom three are living at home and one is deceased. The living are: Lillian 
 Merle, Lavina Pauline and Martha Elise. 
 
 Mr. Edgar is a democrat in politics but has never sought for the honor of 
 public office. He is a successful farmer and a good citizen who subordinates 
 petty self-interest for the good of the community at large. . '."^ 
 
 ;,;..;:; ' FRED L. HOLMES. vV-rv-A; 
 
 Fred L. Holmes, who resides on his father's farm in Ontario township, has ^ 
 
 been engaged in agricultural pursuits since he completed his high school educa- .!;, 
 tion. He was born May 23, 1886, in Ontario township, his parents being John ' ' 
 and Aledo (Olson) Holm, both natives of Sweden, and he is the grandson of ";!.-" ;. 
 Nels and Anna Holm. The grandmother died in Sweden when her son was ^ ;; 
 very young, but the grandfather came to America after he gave up his farm in . . -V 
 Sweden and lived retired with his son until he passed away at the advanced '... 
 age of ninety-two years. ' ; . .^ /. :;.;^^ '-.-'^ /.^ ^^ ] v' / ;-. vl " 
 
 John Holm acquired his education in the common schools of his native /:'. 
 country and emigrated to America in 1869, when he was eighteen years of age. . :; ' 
 He located at once in Galesburg, where he remained for a short time, being in ;' . 
 the employ of the Charles Johnson Brick Company, but later he worked on a ;.::-' 
 railroad for a few months and then returned to Galesburg in 1870. Since that ' :.. . ' 
 time he has been a resident of Knox county and since 1872 he has resided upon :, / 
 his farm in Ontario township, which he cultivated until fifteen years ago. This . ;. 
 farm consists of three hundred and twenty acres and has been devoted to gen- - - . 
 eral farming and stock-raising. Mr. Holm was twice married. His first mar- -r'.; ' 
 riage occurred September 12, 1873, to Miss Olson, of Henry county, who died . 
 in 1892, and his second marriage February 7, 1893, to Helen Erickson, a resi- '' . ; 1 
 dent of Knox county, who is the daughter of Eric Erickson, a lifelong resident '.;' 
 of Sweden. Mr. Holm is a republican and for several years served as school ; . '! \ 
 director. He also holds membership in the Congregational church. !:>::' 
 
 Fred L. Holmes began his independent career at the age of nineteen years, , 
 when he rented the one hundred and forty acres of land which he now culti- ; : .:' 
 vates. Although he is one of the youngest agriculturists in Ontario township, .;-V- 
 he has already met with success in his work and his large crops attest to his ' , V; : 
 ability. His chief attention thus far has been given to general farming but he ." . ' ^ 
 has specialized somewhat in hog-raising. 
 
 On December 9, 1909, occurred the marriage of Mr. Holmes to Esther Olson, :..';'' 
 of Rio township. To this union one child, Karl Frederick, has been born. Mrs. ',,.>! 
 Holmes is the daughter of Charles W. and Emma (Selberg) Olson, who have :,''.,.;. 
 resided in Rio township for many years. Mr. Olson was born in Sweden, ''' 
 December 23, 1846, and is the son of Ole and Betty (Anderson) Person. .V ^' 
 They spent their entire lives in Sweden, Mr. Person being a carpenter by \ .>'.: 
 trade. The son, Charles W. Olson, received a common-school education and ; /"', 
 then engaged as carpenter until he came to America in 1871. After a three ::^ ';;. 
 
';;.v' :>-:> HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY v:v:'V;y||p 
 
 months' stay in Chicago he went to Wisconsin for a short time before coming 
 to Knox county, where he accepted employment on farms in Ontario and Rio 
 townships during the winter. He then removed to Clover township, Henry 
 county, and for about twenty years rented a farm there before purchasing his 
 present farm. This farm consisted of one hundred and sixty acres but at the 
 present time Mr. Olson is cultivating four hundred acres of land in Knox 
 county, engaging in general farming and cattle and hog-raising. In politics he 
 is a republican and during his nine years' service as road commissioner did 
 much to further the development of his township. He is a stockholder in the 
 Oneida Elevator Company and is a member of the Swedish Lutheran church of 
 Woodhull. On March i8, 1883, Mr. Olson was united in marriage to Miss 
 Emma Selberg, the daughter of Mr. and Mrs. John Selberg, who was a lifelong 
 resident of Kansas, where he was engaged in agricultural pursuits. To Mr. and 
 Mrs. Olson seven children were born, namely : Emil ; Herman ; Minnie ; Esther, 
 who is the wife of Fred L. Holmes; Hilmer; Hartwig; and Walter. 
 
 In politics Mr. Holmes gives his support to the republican party in the firm 
 belief that republican principles are most effective for good government. He 
 is also a member of the Illinois Banker's Life Association. In all his relations 
 he is conscientious and honorable and because of his unusual amount of energy 
 and foresight he is meeting with success in his agricultural pursuits. 
 
 V; v;-^'-;- ;:.:;;;.: '^.;-^:^;v LOUIS L. STEELE. :V-; ' ' ., - ' v'V O'.' ::/ ^ :: ^,- ''''.'/ ^'-' 
 
 Louis L. Steele, a factor in the business circles of Knox county, is now ^^ 
 serving as secretary and treasurer of the Churchill Hardware Company at Gales- 
 burg. His birth occurred in Dover, Illinois, on the i8th of May, 1863, his parents : . ^ 
 being Andrew and Susan (Zearing) Steele, who were natives of New York - - ; 
 and Pennsylvania respectively. The paternal grandfather, a gentleman of Scotch- ;/ 
 Irish descent, was born in Vermont and died in the east in middle life. His ',;;.. 
 widow, Mrs. Lydia (Abel) Steele, came west with her son Andrew and passed 
 away at Dover, Illinois, when sixty-five years of age. Their children were three \ 
 in number, namely: Henry P., Andrew L. and Leonora. Martin Zearing, the ', :\ 
 maternal grandfather of our subject, was a native of Pennsylvania and came of 
 German descent. In 1835 he removed to Dover, Illinois, there following gen- 
 eral agricultural pursuits throughout the remainder of his life. To him and his 
 
 wife, Mrs. Sarah Zearing, were born the following children: Martin; Louis; . 
 David; John; Henry, who was killed in the Civil war; Carolina; Elizabeth; 
 Sarah; Mary; and Susan. . 
 
 Andrew Steele, the father of Louis L. Steele, was reared near Buffalo, New 
 York, and became a very early settler of Bureau county, Illinois. For about 
 thirty-five years he was successfully engaged in general merchandising at Dover, 
 while his demise occurred at Princeton, Illinois, in January, 1910, when he had .:, 
 attained the age of eighty-two years. He gave his political allegiance to the 
 republican party and held various town offices. Fraternally he was identified A. / 
 with the Independent Order of Odd Fellows. His widow still resides at Prince- ; . 
 ton and is now eighty-three years of age. She is well known and highly esteemed ^ ''' 
 
202 HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY 
 
 throughout the town, having made her home near there for seventy-five years. 
 In religious faith she is a Baptist. By her marriage she became the mother of 
 six sons and one daughter, as follows: Charles D,, who is a resident of Chicago; 
 George, living in Dover, Illinois; John, of Gunnison, Colorado; Dick, who 
 makes his home at Springfield, Illinois; Louis L., of this review; Harry, of 
 Princeton, Illinois ; and Lottie, the deceased wife of W. J. Bailey, formerly of 
 Princeton, Illinois. 
 
 Louis L. Steele was reared in Dover and obtained his education in the public 
 schools and an academy of that town. Subsequently he followed the profession 
 of teaching for two terms. He was next eng^aged in general merchandising at 
 Alden, Iowa, for five years and on the expiration of that period removed to 
 Buda, Illinois, where for eleven years he was identified with business interests 
 as a hardware merchant. Coming to Galesburg, he became associated with the 
 Churchill Hardware Company as secretary and treasurer and in those capacities 
 has largely contributed to the continued growth and success of the concern. He 
 is a man of excellent executive ability and sound judgment, carrying forward 
 to successful completion whatever he undertakes. 
 
 On the I4th of February, 1889, Mr. Steele was united in marriage to Miss 
 Alice R. Carter, a native of Dover and a daughter of George F. and Emily (Par- - 
 sons) Carter, both of whom were born in Maine and became early settlers of 
 Dover, Illinois. The father, whose natal year was 1833, passed away at Dover 
 in March, 1911, when seventy-eight years of age. The mother still survives. 
 Mrs. Steele is one of a family of three children, the others being Charles E. 
 and Edwin P. The paternal grandfather of Mrs. Steele was born in Maine, 
 in which state both he and his wife passed away. They had three children, 
 namely ; George F., Mrs. Ruth Plummer and Lyman. The maternal grandfather 
 of Mrs. Steele was likewise a native of Maine. 
 
 Mr. and Mrs. Steele have two daughters, Lottie and Mildred. They are de- ; 
 voted and consistent members of the Central Congregational church, taking an 
 active and helpful part in its work. Mr. Steele is a man of many sterling traits 
 of character, enterprising in business, progressive in citizenship and at all times 
 trustworthy and reliable. -.,;.'.-...;-;:.: 
 
 ^:-\ JOHN MILLER McKIE. ^V/ > 
 
 John Miller McKie is one of the most prominent citizens and active busi- 
 ness men of the northern part of Knox county. Honored and respected by all, 
 he occupies an enviable position in financial circles not alone by reason of the 
 success he has achieved but also owing to the straightforward and progressive 
 business methods that he has ever followed. He has been a lifelong resident 
 of the county and therefore has a wide acquaintance. 
 
 His birth occurred in Copley township, June 4, 1844, his parents being Wilr 
 Ham and Margaret (Miller) McKie. The father was born in Scotland and 
 in his boyhood days became familiar with farm work. In 1840 he accompanied 
 his parents on their removal to America, at which time the family home was 
 established in Copley township, this county. There he continued his residence 
 
"'L 
 
'^::^..^^'^-'.- '' HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY ^^^^' : 207 
 
 throughout his remaining days. He married ]\Iargaret Miller and they became 
 the parents of two children, the sister of John M. McKie being Jeanette. now 
 the widow of William H. Leighton, a farmer of Copley township. After losing 
 her first husband Mrs. McKie became the wife of Peter McClymont. 
 
 In his boyhood days John M. McKie remained at home with his parents, 
 continuing with them until he had attained his majority, when he took up the 
 occupation of farming on his own account. He largely followed that pursuit 
 until 1876, when he came to Altona, where he turned his attention to commercial 
 pursuits, becoming proprietor of a dry-goods house. He was quite successful 
 in the management of his store and enjoyed a gratifying trade for a number of 
 years. At length, however, he became a factor in financial circles. In 1890 
 he was associated with Judge Craig in the establishment of a private bank in 
 Altona, and such was the success of the institution that on the 3d of October, 
 1891, the bank was reorganized under a state charter as the Bank of Altona. 
 Mr. McKie then became assistant cashier and so continued until 1895, when he 
 succeeded George H. Craig as cashier of the bank, which office he continued to 
 fill until the 29th of September, 1911, when, following the death of Mr. Craig, 
 he was elected to the presidency of the institution and is now its chief executive 
 officer, bending his energies to administrative control. He has furthermore be- 
 come known as a factor in banking circles in other connections, for he is also 
 the president of the State Bank of Victoria. He has important business interests, 
 being connected with a number of leading enterprises in the northern part of 
 the county, and he is also extensively engaged in farming and stock-raising. 
 His judgment is sound, his discrimination keen and whatever he undertakes he 
 accomplishes because of his ready adaptability and his enterprising spirit. A 
 confidence reposed in him has never been misplaced and he has been called upon 
 to settle many estates, about thirty in the last twenty years. One of these 
 amounted to one hundred thousand dollars, the heirs living in Edinburgh, Scot- 
 land, and Liverpool, England. In settling up another Mr. McKie had to give 
 bonds to the amount of one hundred thousand dollars, which shows the vastness 
 of the property involved. 
 
 On the 22(1 of February, 1872, Mr. McKie was united in marriage to Miss 
 Janet G. McDowell, a native of Copley township, and they are well known in 
 this part of the state, where they have an extensive circle of warm friends. 
 They hold membership in the Presbyterian church of Altona and labor con- 
 sistently and effectively for its upbuilding and for the advancement of all those 
 causes which lift man to a higher plane. 
 
 Politically Mr. McKie is a republican and his fellow townsmen, appreciative 
 of his worth and ability, have several times called him to local offices, the duties 
 of which he has discharged with credit to himself and satisfaction to his con- 
 stituents. For many years he served as an officer on the school board of Wal- 
 nut Grove township and in 1894 he was elected to the position of county treas- 
 urer, which he filled for four years or until 1898. He made an excellent record 
 as the custodian of public funds and is equally loyal in guarding the private in- 
 terests entrusted to his care as a banker. He has ever recognized the fact that 
 the bank which most carefully safeguards the interests of depositors is most 
 worthy of credit, and in his bank management his progressiveness is tempered 
 by a conservatism that has made the Bank of Altona a synonym for reliability 
 
 Vol 0110 
 
208 : HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY :';-';;'; 
 
 to those who are acquainted with the policy pursued. Mr. McKie is deserving 
 of much credit for what he has accomplished, for he has never allowed diffi- 
 culties nor obstacles to deter him. On the contrary when such have arisen they 
 have seemed to call forth renewed effort and his persistency of purpose and 
 capable management have constituted the foundation of an honorable success. 
 
 :^;;^ DANIEL WAINRIGHT. ,;,::::: 
 
 A long life of activity and enterprise devoted to agricultural pursuits gained 
 for Daniel Wainright the financial independence that now enables him to live 
 retired. For more than forty years he was successfully identified with the farm- 
 ing interests of Chestnut township, and was a prominent factor in promoting 
 its development along the various lines of public utility. He is a native of Ohio, 
 his birth occurring in Claremont, on the 4th of May, 1829, and a son of Vin- 
 cent and Nancy (Hall) Wainright. His father was born in New Jersey, in 
 1793, while the mother was a native of the state of Ohio. The paternal grand- 
 father, Daniel Wainright. was likewise born and reared in New Jersey, from 
 which state he joined the Continental ranks during the Revolution. In the mater- 
 nal line, Daniel Wainright is of English extraction, his grandfather, Jeremiah 
 Hall having emigrated from the mother country to the United States in the early 
 years of the last century. He was a carpenter and millwright by trade, but 
 subsequently withdrew from this vocation and took up farming, locating on a 
 tract of land in Claremont county, Ohio, that he cultivated until his death in 
 1844. Of the marriage of Mr. and Mrs. Vincent Wainright there were born 
 nine children, five sons and four daughters, as follows : Jonathan and Jeremiah, 
 both of whom are deceased ; Daniel, our subject ; Catherine and Delia Ann, who 
 subsequently became Mrs. Tuttle, both of whom are deceased ; Rachel M., the 
 wife of a Mr. Barr, William Henry and Hannah Lucinda, who are also deceased; 
 and Wesley, who is living near Springfield. ..: / . '-'. I' . : 
 
 The early years of Daniel Wainright's life were spent on his father's farm, in 
 the work of which he assisted while pursuing his education in the district schools. 
 In common with most country youths at that period his text-books were early 
 laid aside and his attention devoted to the work of the fields and care of the stock. 
 He was married at the age of twenty years and for some time following con- 
 tinued to engage in agricultural pursuits in his native state. Later deciding that 
 better opportunities awaited him in what at that time was termed the west, he and 
 his wife with their two children crossed the prairies to Illinois. Knox county 
 was his destination and upon his arrival he purchased some land on section 3, 
 Chestnut township, and there he continued to reside until 1901. Upon this 
 worthy young couple devolved all of the hardships and discouragements that are 
 incident to frontier life, but they were enterprising and hopeful and their deter- 
 mination never faltered. He applied himself intelligently and persistently to the 
 cultivation of his fields, improving his place as his means warranted from time 
 to time, and ultimately became one of the substantial agriculturists of the county. 
 With prosperity came the respect and esteem as well as friendship of his many 
 acquaintances, who recognized and appreciated the many fine qualities that made 
 
?;V:v; ':..;/ -HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY . . y' ;; 209 
 
 . ' ''.'.';..- '-'' '..^, -' - - -. - ^ 
 
 him a successful man and estimable citizen. Ten years ago, at the age of seventy- 
 two years, Mr. Wainright decided to withdraw from active work and he and 
 his wife left the farm and took up their residence in Knoxville, where they 
 continue to live. 
 
 Twelve years ago Mr. and Mrs. Wainright celebrated their golden wedding, 
 their marriage having occurred on the I3th of December, 1849. The maiden 
 name of Mrs. Wainright was Eliza Jane Cramer, and she, too, is a native of 
 Claremont county, Ohio, her birth occurring on the loth of November, 1830. 
 She is a daughter. of William and Sarah Ann (Shoats) Cramer, the father a 
 native of Germany and the mother of English extraction. She was an only child 
 and was left an orphan at an early age, but she had a half-brother, Joseph Herit- 
 age. To Mr. and Mrs. Wainwright were bom six children, two of whom are 
 deceased, Benedict, who was the fourth in order of birth, and Loretta, the next 
 younger, who died in infancy. Vincent, the eldest, whose birth occurred in Ohio, 
 married Miss Frances Hauk, a native of Illinois, and they have two children 
 Ernest and Ena. McGuire, also a native of Ohio, married Miss Arenia Coe, 
 of Missouri, and they have two children, Clara, who is married; and Jennie, 
 Joseph married Arenia Mallory, who was born in Kansas, and they have the fol- 
 lowing children : Arthur, Edith, Bertha, Mildred and Lloyd. Sarah Eliza, 
 is the wife of Bert Eikey, a farmer of Orange township, and their children are: 
 Louis, Bert, Ross and Henrietta. 
 
 Mr. and Mrs. Wainright have always been active members of the Methodist 
 Episcopal church and for forty years he was superintendent of the Sunday 
 school. Fraternally he is a Mason, being affiliated with Pacific Lodge, No. 66, 
 A. F. & A. M. He always recognized the obligation of citizenship by assuming 
 his share of the governmental responsibilities in his township. For three terms 
 he discharged the duties of supervisor and for three years he acted as road 
 commissioner, while for one term he served as school trustee and as school 
 director for twenty-eight years. A man of high principles and keen judgment, 
 Mr. Wainright's views were always valued in the community where he resided, 
 his foresight and powers of discernment giving weight to any opinion he might 
 advance relative to the public welfare. During a residence in the county that 
 has covered a period of more than half a century he has not only won many 
 friends, but has established for himself a reputation that will be to his children 
 a valued heritage. , ..^. -\/-- . v; ,.,;;.- .-..;:-/.-. ^... ';.:-.;/,.,:.- . :. -..- ,'/' ..-.-/v-. 
 
 ';;,;/;; .^,;- , ::x._,>-; ;.:^ FRANK G. MATTESON. . " .^' ^: ';-~--'i_^'\ 
 
 In the history of Galesburg's commercial and industrial development it is 
 imperative that mention be made of Frank G. Matteson because of his close 
 connection with one of the most important productive enterprises of the city, 
 he being now president of the Purington Paving Brick Company, the plant being 
 located in East Galesburg. He was born in Macomb, Illinois, August 24, 1867, 
 his parents being Asa A. and Helen M. (Gardner) Matteson. The father was 
 born in Berwick, Illinois, in 1837, and the mother's birth occurred in Knox- 
 ville, this state. In his boyhood days Asa A. Matteson came to Galesburg, pur- 
 
210 HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY; ,<-V:^; 
 
 sued his education here and engaged in farming for a time. He afterward prac- 
 ticed law in Macomb, Illinois, for a period and in 1874 again came to this city 
 where he entered financial circles as the vice president of the First National 
 Bank, with which he was connected until his death. He also became prominent 
 in the establishment and development of the business now conducted under the 
 name of the Purington Paving Brick Company and was associated with that 
 important undertaking to the time of his demise, which occurred January 2, 
 1895. His widow still survives and now makes her home in Webster Groves, 
 Missouri. Mr. Matteson gave his political support to the republican party, 
 held membership in the Odd Fellows lodge and in the Galesburg Club. They 
 were married in this city and unto them were born four children: Frank G., of 
 this review; Fred C., who is a resident of Aurora, Illinois; Grace M., the wife of 
 R. W. Willis, of Webster Groves, Missouri ; and Ralph, living in Rockford, 
 Illinois. 
 
 Frank G. Matteson was educated in the public schools and after leaving the 
 high school secured a position in the First National Bank, spending two or three 
 years as collector. He afterward devoted four years to service as order clerk 
 in the postoffice and next entered the office of the Purington Paving Brick Com- 
 pany as general office boy. His advancement since that day has been continuous. 
 The business was established in East Galesburg in 1890 by D. V. Purington and 
 Asa A. Matteson and was incorporated at that time with D. V. Purington as 
 president, W. S. Purington as vice president and Asa A. Matteson as secretary 
 and treasurer. The business was incorporated with a capital stock of two hun- 
 dred thousand dollars and was thus continued until 1892. The St. Louis Paving 
 Brick Company was organized in that year with a capital stock of two hundred 
 and fifty thousand dollars and No. 2 plant was built at East Galesburg. In 1893 
 the companies were merged under the name of the Purington Paving Brick Com- 
 pany and the capital stock was increased to five hundred thousand dollars. At 
 that time D. V. Purington became president ; W. S. Purington, vice president 
 and general manager ; Asa A. Matteson, treasurer ; and Charles H. Chamberlain, 
 secretary. These gentlemen constituted the board of directors together with 
 George C. Prussing, S. S. Kimball, A. W. Vanderveer and William E. Phillips, 
 The business has increased from year to year, enjoying a steady and continuous 
 growth, the output for the first year being fifteen million bricks, while the pres- 
 ent output has reached more than one hundred million. Their plant at first 
 contained but one kiln and from that small beginning they have increased their 
 capacity until they now have sixty-four kilns, theirs being the largest plant of the 
 kind in the United States. Their business extends to all parts of the country, 
 their brick being used in paving in Panama ; in Memphis, Tennessee ; Dead- 
 wood, South Dakota ; and Duluth and Superior, Wisconsin. The present officers 
 are : F. G. Matteson, president ; George C. Prussing, first vice president ; C. D. 
 B. Howell, second vice president ; C. H. Chamberlain, treasurer ; William H. 
 Terwilliger, secretary ; W. W. Porter, assistant secretary ; W. G. D. Orr, gen- 
 eral manager; and E. L. Swett, general superintendent; with D. V. Purington 
 as chairman of the board of directors, which board includes also Messrs. Prus- 
 sing, Howell, Matteson, Charles H. Chamberlain, William E. Phillips and P. T. 
 Walsh. They handle fifteen thousand car loads of freight in a year, use eighteen 
 car loads of coal per day, employ six hundred men and have two hundred acres 
 
; - ;^^';'' ;: ; :^ HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY :^V;: 211 
 
 in their plant. The United States government has standardized the shale used : 
 by this company and the business has grown in volume and importance until it ; 
 exceeds all other paving brick enterprises of the United States. 
 
 On the igth of October, 1892, occurred the marriage of Mr. Matteson and . 
 Miss Daisy L. Lamoreaux, a daughter of Dr. J. M. Lamoreaux, of Galesburg, 
 and their children are: Amy, whose birth occurred at Galesburg on the 22d of -> 
 December, 1897; Helen, whose natal day was December 27, 1901; and Asa 
 Gardner, who was born May 26, 1911. .; 
 
 / Mr. Matteson is a republican in his political views, but the demands of his . 
 business have left him no time for office seeking or office holding. He belongs - 
 to the Benevolent Protective Order of Elks, the Elks Club, the Loyal Legion, 
 the Galesburg Club and the Country Club. His life is proof of the fact that there ';: 
 is an impossibility of placing fictitious values upon industry, determination and . 
 perseverance, but when these qualities are arrayed against competition and the . 
 usual obstacles of business life they eventually win success. The experience of . 
 Mr. Matteson has been of wide range, as he has progressed from the position of 
 office boy to the presidency of the largest paving-brick manufacturing enter- : 
 prise of the country. .^, ^ ^^v . ^-V ' ' .'"'o *..-':;.:"-:. 's ""' ? :r : V ' 
 
 JOHN HOLAHAN. 
 
 John Holahan, who has been engaged in the real-estate business in Gales- 
 burg for the past six years, was born in Waukon, Iowa, on the i8th of September, 
 
 : 1871. He is a son of James and Catherine (Fenelon) Holahan, both natives of 
 
 Ireland, whence they emigrated to the United States during childhood. The 
 
 father was reared in Connecticut, where he later learned sign and carriage paint- 
 
 ing. In 1859 he came to Iowa, locating in Waukon, where he met the lady who 
 
 . subsequently became his wife. Here he engaged in the implement business with 
 
 " which he continued to be identified until his death on the 6th of March, 1902, 
 at the age of sixty-four years. He was a communicant of the Roman Catholic 
 church, as is also the mother who still resides in Waukon, and he voted the repub- 
 
 . lican ticket. The family of Mr. and Mrs. Holahan numbered nine, our subject 
 being the third in order of birth. The others are as follows: William J., who 
 
 . was born on June 12, 1868, residing at Mason City, Iowa ; Nellie M., the wife of 
 
 . William S. Hart, of Waukon; Maurice F., who was born on the 3d of July, 
 : 1873, "ow residing at Atlanta, Georgia; Thomas J., born March 28, 1875, who 
 
 is living at Dixon, Illinois; James, bom October ii, 1880, who is a resident of 
 Victoria; Anna, who was born June i6, 1884, still at home; Mayme, a Sister in 
 
 ^ St. Xavier's Convent, Chicago, born July 27, 1886, and Gretta, born March 20, 
 1894, who is also at home. 
 
 - . . ' Reared at home John Holahan attended the public and Presentation Convent 
 Catholic schools at Waukon in the acquirement of an education. His school 
 
 ; days were terminated at the age of sixteen years, when he laid aside his text- 
 books and entered his father's office, where during the succeeding five years he 
 
 ; applied himself intelligently and industriously to acquiring a thorough business 
 
 : training under the capable supervision of his father. Upon attaining his majority 
 
212 ' HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY - />-- 
 
 it was considered that he was fully qualified to beg^n working for himself, so he 
 went to Guttenberg, Iowa, and embarked in the implement business. He con- 
 tinued in this at that point for nine years, when he withdrew from commercial 
 activities and went to Cuba, where he remained four years, traveling and dealing 
 In lands. At the end of that time he returned to the United States and in April 
 1906, he came to Galesburg and engaged in the real-estate business. He was asso- 
 ciated with his brother, Thomas J., until 1909, when the latter withdrew from the 
 firm and Mr. Holahan has ever since been alone. In addition to local properties. 
 Both city and country, he has large tracts of land for sale in Cuba and also the 
 northwest. Since locating here he has met with good success and now is well 
 established and doing a gratifying amount of business. 
 
 Bayfield, Wisconsin, was the scene of the marriage of Mr. Holahan and 
 Miss Lucille Boutin, on the 4th of October, 1905. She was born in Bayfield, on 
 the 25th of July, 1884, ^^^ is a daughter of Frank and Louise (Kintz) Boutin, 
 who still reside there. Mrs. Holahan has four sisters and four brothers, and 
 their names and birthdays are as follows : Allan, March 24, 1888 ; Francis, March 
 13, 1890; Meta, July 22, 1892; Anna, March 13, 1895; Hiller, November 15, 
 1898; Dorothy, November 20, 1899; Ruth, February 26, 1902; and Herbert, 
 November 25, 1904. In the paternal line Mrs. Holahan is of French extraction. 
 Her father, however, was born and reared in Montreal, Canada, while the mother 
 was born in Antwerp, Belgium. He came to Bayfield during his early manhood 
 and engaged in the lumber business and he also owned and operated a number 
 of tugs on Lake Superior. He is a man of considerable prominence in his com- 
 munity, giving his political support to the republican party, and has served for 
 two terms as treasurer of the county. Both he and his wife are communicants 
 of the Roman Catholic church, and he also belongs to the Knights of Columbus 
 and the Lumbermen's Association. Mrs. Holahan was reared in Bayfield, but 
 completed her education at St. Mary's school in Prairie du Chien. 
 
 The political views of Mr. Holahan coincide with the principles of the repub- 
 lican party, and in matters of faith both he and Mrs. Holahan are Roman Catho- 
 lics and belong to Corpus Christi parish. He also holds membership in the 
 Knights of Columbus of SS. Vincent and Paul, the Galesburg Club and the 
 Benevolent Protective Order of Elks. Mr. Holahan has won favorable recogni- 
 tion in both a business and social way during his residence in Galesburg, and now 
 numbers among its citizens many stanch friends. 
 
 ;U r ; J AMES EDWARD HINCHLIFF.;; :^7":-.' 
 
 For seventeen years James Edward Hinchliff was well known as a prominent, 
 enterprising and reliable representative of commercial interests in Galesburg, 
 where he conducted a retail lumber business. Moreover, he had a wide acquaint- 
 ance throughout the county of which he was one of the native sons, his birth hav- 
 ing occurred in Rio, July 17, 1853. He came of English ancestry, for both of his 
 parents, James and Betsey Hinchliff, were natives of England, whence they emi- 
 grated to America in early life. They were married in the state of New York 
 and in 1852 removed to Illinois, settling in Knox county. 
 
,;/'V;: : HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY ;: . 215 
 
 The public schools of this county afforded James E. Hinchliff his early oppor- 
 tunities for acquiring an education and later he continued his studies in Lombard 
 College. He was reared to the occupation of farming and continued to follow it 
 during the early years of his manhood or until 1891, when, believing that he would 
 find a commercial career more congenial and hoping also to find it more profitable, 
 he removed to Galesburg, where the following year he opened a retail lumberyard, 
 continuing that business to the time of his death, which occurred March 28, 1909. 
 In that period he had built up a satisfactory business, his reliable methods, his 
 enterprise and his unfaltering energy being the qualities which served as the 
 foundation for his success. ..i;, 
 
 On the 1st of January, iSSo, in Rio, this county, Mr. Hinchliff was united in 
 marriage to Miss Ida M. Woodman, a daughter of David B. and Lourena Wood- 
 man. The children born of this marriage are : Everett E., who married Nell Town- 
 send on the I5th of October, 1907; Lulu M., who on the 2oth of September, 1911, 
 became the wife of Roy C. Ingersoll ; and Ray W. and Grace F., both yet at home 
 with their mother. 
 
 Mr. Hinchliff was devoted to his family, his interests centering in his own 
 home, where he was a devoted husband and father and a genial and hospitable 
 host. His political allegiance was given to the republican party and his study of 
 the questions and issues of the day confirmed him in the belief that its principles 
 contained the best elements of good government, but he neither sought nor de- 
 sired public office as a reward for party fealty. His religious faith was evidenced 
 by the fact that he was a member of the Central Congregational church, to the 
 teachings of which he was ever loyal and devoted, making his a manhood that 
 measured up to the highest standards and won for him the admiration, high re- 
 gard and trust of all with whom he came in contact. ' . ' .';;'; 
 
 '..:;.-,...>;;;;, RANSOM C HUNT. .;\v:-- '. .;:-"''' :i.>' 
 
 Ransom C. Hunt is actively connected with a profession which has important 
 bearing upon the progress and stable prosperity of the community and in the 
 practice of law, where advancement depends entirely upon individual merit and 
 ability, he has made continuous progress, his careful preparation of his cases 
 and his thorough knowledge of the law giving him a power in the courts that 
 enables him to win many favorable verdicts. 
 
 Mr. Hunt was born on a farm two and a half miles southwest of Burlington, 
 Iowa, January 24, 1844, his parents being John B. and Mary (Love) Hunt, 
 natives of Illinois and Virginia respectively. The former was a son of John 
 Beal Hunt, who was born in Maryland and made farming his life occupation. 
 He married a Miss Bartlett and they removed from Tennessee to Illinois, estab- 
 lishing their home within the borders of this state ere it was admitted to the 
 Union. For a time they were residents of Bond county and afterward removed 
 to McDonough county. In 1833 they went to the territory of Iowa, where Mr. 
 Hunt secured a tract of wild land in the central part of the state and his five sons, 
 Charles W., Jesse, Samuel, Clayborn and John B., all had land around him so 
 that the family took active and prominent part in the agricultural development of 
 

 216 HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY :>>': jV;^:;- 
 
 that section. There were six daughters in the family, Martha, Lydia, Mary Ann, 
 Esther, Louisa and Sarah. The maternal grandfather of Ransom C. Hunt was 
 David Love, a native of Virginia, who also made farming his life work. Remov- 
 ing westward with his family, they became pioneer residents of a district, south- 
 west of Burlington, Iowa, where they spent their remaining days, Mr. Love pass- 
 ing away at the age of eighty-five and his wife when eighty-eight years of age. 
 Their children were Wesley, Rodney, Joshua, James, Mary and Elizabeth. 
 
 John B. Hunt, father of Ransom C. Hunt, was a young lad when he accom- 
 panied his parents to Iowa. He was reared to the occupation of farming and con- 
 tinued to engage in tilling the soil until 1849, when, attracted by the discovery of 
 gold in California, he crossed the plains to the Pacific coast. Not winning the 
 fortune which he had hoped to gain, he returned in 1851 and again took up his 
 abode on the farm in Des Moines county, Iowa, which he had left when he started 
 for the west. There he engaged in agricultural pursuits until 1856, when he 
 removed to Bushnell, Illinois, where he conducted a lumber business until 1863 
 and likewise filled the position of postmaster. He next removed to Macomb, 
 Illinois, where he engaged in the grain business until June, 1865. At that time 
 the family came to Galesburg, where he died November 14, 1904, at the age of 
 eighty-four years and six months, while his wife's death occurred in 1887, when 
 she was sixty-five years of age. She was a faithful member of the Methodist 
 church. Their -family numbered a son and two daughters: Ransom C. ; Clara, the 
 deceased wife of W. T. JelliflF; and Lois V., the deceased wife of Jesse Pickerell. 
 
 Ransom C. Hunt is the only surviving member of the family. He was reared 
 on his father's farm in Iowa and during that period attended the district schools 
 and also the public schools of Burlington and the old Denmark (la.) Academy. 
 He went with his father to Bushnell in 1856 and there worked in the lumberyard 
 and also attended school. Subsequently he became a student in the Lombard 
 University of Galesburg. He continued with his father in the lumber trade in 
 Bushnell until the father removed to Macomb, when he became a student in the 
 law office of Hon. J. C. Thompson. In the fall of 1863 the family removed to 
 Galesburg but Ransom C. Hunt and his father remained in Macomb until 1865, 
 when they joined the others in Galesburg, and the subject of this review entered 
 the law office of the Hon. A. C. Mason, who directed his reading until his admis- 
 sion to the bar in June, 1866. In 1869 he formed a partnership with the latter 
 preceptor but for the past twenty years has engaged in practice alone. He has 
 ever been devotedly attached to his profession, systematic and methodical in habit, 
 sober and discreet in judgment, diligent in research and conscientious in the dis- 
 charge of every duty qualities which have enabled him to take high rank among 
 the representatives of the Galesburg bar. 
 
 On the 1st of May, 1879, occurred the marriage of Mr. Hunt and Miss Irene 
 Johnson, a native of St. Paul, Minnesota, and a daughter of S. F. and Hannah 
 (Neeley) Johnson, who were originally from New York and became early resi- 
 dents of Galesburg. Later they removed to St. Paul, where the father con- 
 ducted a shoe business, and for two years he was also a resident of Grinnell, Iowa. 
 They then returned to Galesburg, where they still reside. In their family were 
 seven children, Irene, Mary, Harry M., Guy B., Charles N., Mabel F. and 
 Blanche. The daughter Mabel is now the widow of E. A. Davis. The maternal 
 grandparents of Mrs. Hunt were James and Sabrina Neeley, who were among 
 
.,.;';-;' -;^^^" HISTORY OF KNOx COUNTY - !^^:^^ 21? 
 
 V "the colony" that settled Galesburg. Mr. and Mrs. Hunt have become the par- 
 
 ;.'.,: ents of two daughters and two sons: Beulah M., the wife of Harold M. Holland, 
 
 . ; of Galesburg; Albert V., who was educated in Lombard College ; Harry C., who is 
 
 ; in the employ of the Chicago, Burlington & Quincy Railroad Company ; and 
 
 , ; Florence I., who is attending school. The parents are members of the Central 
 
 i; ', Congregational church and in its work take deep and helpful interest. Mr. Hunt 
 
 V gives his political allegiance to the democratic party but the only office that he 
 
 has ever held was that of police magistrate, in which position he served from 1889 
 
 ':. ;; until 1896. He has always preferred to concentrate his energies upon his pro- 
 
 -' f ession and few lawyers have made a more lasting impression upon the bar of 
 
 . V ' .- the county both for legal ability of a high order and for the individuality of a 
 
 personal character which impresses itself upon a community. 
 
 :^^;^/^:.V/;.:^^'/;^'v)^^v ,:;;;;:: IRA S. CALLENDER. -':.'- ^. - AV :.::'; ^//vV;;.;.:;;.--: 
 
 ; ' Ira S. Callender, president of the Glenwood Ice & Coal Company and thus 
 
 , -. prominent in the business circles of the city as head of one of the important 
 
 ' . industrial projects here, was born in Peoria, Illinois, July 31. 1857, a son of 
 
 . Isaac and Sarah A. (Smith) Callender. His father was born in Henry county, 
 .:; Kentucky, September lo, 1833, and for many years followed farming in Illi- 
 : . - nois but at length retired from active life and removed to Galesburg, where he 
 
 .; ' .' passed away September lo, 1907. He always voted with the republican party 
 
 ; and filled the office of county supervisor, the duties of which he discharged with 
 , .- credit to himself and satisfaction to his constituents. He held membership in 
 . the Central Congregational church, to which his widow still belongs. She was 
 
 born April 13, 1833, and yet makes her home in Galesburg. In their family were 
 eight children: Ira S., of this review; James J., who is a resident of Tulsa, 
 , . V Oklahoma; Albert B., living at Matehuala, Mexico; William H., of Galesburg: 
 
 Adella, the wife of Dr. T. F. Clark, of Kansas City, Missouri; Lilly Belle and 
 
 Frank Edwin, both residing in Galesburg, Illinois; and Mary Catherine, who is 
 
 the wife of A. E. Wells, of Galesburg. 
 
 Ira S. Callender, whose name introduces this record, pursued his education 
 
 in the public schools of Geneseo, Illinois, and remained upon his father's farm 
 . until twenty-one years of age. He made good progress in his studies and when 
 -' a young man began teaching school, which profession he successfully followed 
 . - for a time, displaying ability in imparting readily and clearly to others the 
 
 knowledge which he had acquired. In 1880 he went to Nebraska, where he 
 -'' - divided his time between general agricultural pursuits and teaching school for 
 
 : three years. On the expiration of that period he returned to Galesburg in De- 
 7 cember, 1883, and purchased an interest in the ice business with which he has 
 
 since been connected. The business was established in 1885 under the name 
 .. . . of the Glenwood Ice Company handling ice only, when in 1891 the scope of the 
 
 business was extended to include the sale of coal as well. In 1907 the present 
 . ^^ ;: firm style of the Glenwood Ice & Coal Company was assumed and the business 
 ; r was reincorporated. The officers in 1892 were: John Robson, president; A. D. 
 ,',.:' Shults, treasurer ; and Ira S. Callender, secretary. At the present writing Mr. 
 
 
218 HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY ^ C; 
 
 Callender is president, A. E. Wells, secretary and C. S. Burnside, treasurer. 
 The business is incorporated with a capital of one hundred thousand dollars 
 and the company owns well equipped ice houses on the lakes east of Galesburg 
 and at New Boston and Moline, Illinois. The coal trade is also an important 
 branch of the business, coal being sold at retail. The enterprise has had a 
 continuous, steady and gratifying growth, as is indicated by the fact that in 
 the first year of its existence its sales amounted to twenty-five hundred tons of 
 ice, while at the present writing the sales have reached fifty thousand tons of 
 ice annually. In the first year but two wagons were used in delivery, while in 
 the present year eleven wagons were used and forty men are employed outside 
 of the office in Knox county, ten of the number being at New Boston. A large 
 part of the ice harvested is furnished to dealers in other towns surrounding 
 Galesburg, and to the Chicago Burlington & Quincy Railroad Company. The 
 company also handles wood, kindling and oil, and the business is a most gratify- 
 ing and profitable one. Its success is undoubtedly due in large measure to the 
 honorable, straightforward business policy that is ever followed as well as to 
 the progressive methods instituted by the president and his associate officers. 
 
 On the 2d of February, 1882, Mr. Callender was united in marriage to Miss 
 Alice Bassford, a daughter of Samuel and Mary Antoinette (Lane) Bassford, 
 of Brooklyn, New York. Their children are : Ira I., now deceased ; Wallace 
 V., who is living in Pasadena, California ; Alice B., who is the wife of Archer 
 Laurence, of Plainfield, New Jersey; Ida E., the wife of Hans John Von Hangen, 
 of Matehuala, Mexico; Gladys M. and Ruth S., both at home. . |\-. . ,. 
 
 While Mr. Callender has never been an active party worker, he does not fail 
 to make his way to the polls and cast a ballot in support of the principles of the 
 republican party, for he regards this as the duty as well as the privilege of every 
 American citizen. He is prominent in the Elks lodge of Galesburg and is serv- 
 ing as one of its trustees but his position is preeminently that of an active, enter- 
 prising business man who is ever alert and determined and who brooks no 
 'obstacles in the path to success that can be overcome by persistent effort and 
 indefatigable energy. V ; ' : .' ' j: J " \ ' 
 
 . >/. : . LAURENCE R. RYAN, M. D. 
 
 Laurence R. Ryan was bom in Pontiac, Michigan, February 27, 1858. He 
 is descended from old Irish stock. His father was Bernard Ryan and his mother 
 Maria C. Kelly. Both parents were born near Boyle, in County Roscommon, 
 Ireland. They came to this country in the same ship and were married in 
 1848, in Detroit, Michigan. Twelve children were born to them and Dr. Ryan 
 was the seventh. Bernard Ryan was a boiler maker by trade and held the re- 
 sponsible position of foreman at the Chicago, Burlington & Quincy Railroad 
 shops in Galesburg for many years. He died in Galesburg, April 20, 1883. at 
 the age of sixty-one. The mother was a devout Catholic and a home-loving 
 woman. She lived for the church and her family. She died twenty-five years 
 after her husband in the consciousness of having spent an absolutely pure Chris- 
 tian life, and in the eighty-sixth year of her age. ^''^''ii,.--'-'^:^: 
 
;vr--;;r^^ HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY /A^'' 221 
 
 Dr. Ryan attended the public schcxjis in Aurora and Galesburg until he was 
 thirteen years of age, at which time he was apprenticed to the boiler-maker trade :-' 
 under his father in the Chicago, Burlington & Quincy shops. He worked at the ' 
 trade almost continuously and for ten years, rising from the position of rivet 
 heater to that of foreman before he was twenty-five years of age. 
 
 During the time he was working in the shops he realized the necessity oF ... 
 securing an education, so he attended the business college and night school, which 
 was then held in the Churchill school building. Having the ambition to rise , . 
 higher than the position of boiler-maker foreman, but seeing no possibility of . 
 advancement along the lines he had started, he finally gave up the shop work >: 
 and entered Knox College, determined to graduate and finally to enter his -' 
 chosen profession, the practice of medicine. Because of the large family, the ; 
 father had to support, he was forced to rely on his own resources and finance ', 
 himself. This he did by working during the summer at his trade and had the C 
 pleasure of going through Knox College and Jefferson College without receiv- ... 
 ing a gratuity from anyone. While in college he entered into all the activities :' 
 and besides having a high grade in scholarship, was active in athletics and on - : 
 two occasions received prizes for excellence in gymnastic work. He gradu- .:.' 
 ated in 1886 and had the honor of being one of the commencement speakers. 
 
 Two years before his graduation in Knox College, he registered for the " 
 study of medicine in the office of Drs. Aldrich and Wilson, so that by the time he 
 graduated, he was well equipped for entering the medical school. He entered '.; 
 Jefferson Medical College, Philadelphia, in 1886 and after a severe course had 
 the honor of securing the first prize of one hundred dollars for excellence of . . 
 scholarship and best theses, graduating April 5, 1888. ; 
 
 Immediately after graduation he returned to Galesburg and entered into the . 
 practice of medicine with Drs. Aldrich and Wilson, securing a lucrative prac- 
 tice from the start. After a year in general practice he was tendered the posi- ;. 
 tion of medical examiner for the Chicago, Burlington & Quincy Railroad, with V. 
 control of the whole Galesburg division, which then comprised five hundred . 
 miles. This position he accepted and held for three years. With the ambition ': 
 to do better still spurring him on, he left the Chicago, Burlington & Quincy 
 after a service of three years and went to Europe to study his chosen specialty, 
 the eye, ear, nose and throat. He was a student in the Berlin University, besides . ; 
 having private instruction, and also took a course in England, graduating from ;. 
 the London Post Graduate School in 1892. Since his return from Europe in . 
 1892, Dr. Ryan has devoted himself exclusively to the practice of his specialty :' 
 in Galesburg. i- =. 
 
 For the last twenty years Dr. Ryan has enjoyed a most excellent practice, - . 
 drawing patronage from a radius of fifty miles, and has done much to further ) 
 the interests of medicine. He is a great believer in medical organization and 
 cooperation for the good of the profession and, therefor, belongs to numerous 
 medical societies and attends many conventions. He was one of the organizers of . 
 the first Galesburg Medical Society and was its first secretary. He was also 
 one of the organizers of the Knox County Medical Society and became its presi- , 
 dent in 1903. He filled at different times every official position in the Military _ 
 Tract Medical Society and was also the president of that society. He has pre- .. 
 pared and read many scientific papers in the various societies from the city to I ' 
 
 
222 HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY ':':;;) 
 
 the American Medical Association. He was regular and special pension exam- 
 ining surgeon for many years and is now the official oculist for the Chicago, Bur- 
 lington & Quincy Railroad. He served on the staff of the Galesburg Cottage 
 Hospital for several years. 
 
 Dr. Ryan is at present a member of the Galesburg Medical Society, Knox 
 County Medical Society, Military Tract Medical Society, Tri State Society, Chi- 
 cago Ophthalmological Society, Illinois State Medical Society, American Academy 
 of Ophthalmology and Oto-Laryngology, and the American Medical Association. 
 
 Dr. Ryan has never courted political honors, but was a candidate for elector 
 on the gold democratic ticket in 1896. He has never devoted much time to so- 
 ciety or social affairs, secret societies or clubs. His interest has all been along 
 the line of scientific study and travel. He has, however, for many years been 
 a member of the Galesburg Business Men's Club, and was a director for six 
 years, from 1900 to 1906. He has been a member of the Elk's organization since 
 1904. He has travelled extensively. Besides visiting all parts of the United 
 States and Mexico, in 1898 he took a trip around the world, going an unusual 
 way. On this journey he visited Australia, New Zealand, Samoa and the Sand- 
 wich Islands. Recently he has taken another extended trip from Galesburg to 
 New York city, thence by steamer to Colon, across the isthmus to the city of 
 Panama by rail, and finally up the coast of Central America and Mexico to San 
 Francisco by steamer. On this trip he took occasion to examine carefuHy the 
 excavations and locks of the Panama Canal which is reaching completion. 
 
 Dr. Ryan was married in 1889 to Margaret S. McChesney, also a graduate 
 of Knox College. Seven children were born to them, five of whom still 
 survive, namely : Helen Margaret Ryan, Marion Cecilia Ryan, Robert Laurence 
 Ryan, Harriet Ewing Ryan and Dorrance Bernard Ryan. The first three are 
 students in Knox College, while the other two are in the public schools of Gales- 
 burg, and all are unusually capable. . . . -. ' '.- ' ; 
 
 c:-- ; DE FORREST SEACORD. V^>. "'':>.=.; 
 
 De Forrest Seacord needs no introduction to the readers of this volume for he .:'.;. 
 
 has been a lifelong resident of Knox county and his important business interests :' '; 
 
 have made him widely known. He was born in Oneida in 1862 and after at- ' i; ;. 
 
 tending the public schools became a student in Knox College and afterward -.v 
 
 attended college at Racine, Wisconsin. Regarding his education complete, he ,;:';' 
 
 then turned his attention to the business of importing Norman horses and owned v -. - 
 
 and conducted extensive stables in Galesburg for a number of years. Later he ;. " 
 
 turned his attention to street-railway interests of which he was superintendent ; 
 
 for nine years or until the company sold out to the McKinley interests. At that :; . ':'-^: 
 
 time Mr. Seacord went to Springfield, Illinois, and was superintendent of con- . ;; 
 
 struction for the McKinley lines in the building of the electric road from Spring- ..y '; .-': 
 
 field to St. Louis, a mammoth and important undertaking which he successfully , '.I'^V 
 
 executed. He then returned to Galesburg and later engaged in the sale of motor f...' 
 
 cars. He has secured an extensive business in this connection, selling a large '>.- 
 
 number of cars annually. '; t 
 
/;-':;>-: HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY 223 
 
 On the 1 5th ^f October, 1884, De Forrest Seacord was married to Miss 
 Alice Updyke, and unto them were born two children, Marie and Wilkins, the 
 latter being now associated with his father in business. The family is prominent 
 socially and their own home is justly celebrated for its attractive hospitality. 
 Mr. Seacord belongs to the Benevolent Protective Order of Elks and is a char- 
 ter member of the Country Club. His political allegiance is given to the repub- 
 lican party and as a public-spirited citizen he is widely known, his aid and coope- 
 ration being a tangible factor for success in the conduct of many important 
 public enterprises. In his business he has so promoted his interests as to gain 
 for him a prominent position among the substantial residents of Galesburg. 
 
 -;., , PROFESSOR LOREN R. WITHERELL. , ^^ '^'^f. 
 
 Unquestionably one of the most versatile and highly cultured residents of 
 Knoxville is Professor Loren R. Witherell, who is not only a scholar and writer 
 of more than local reputation, but an able attorney and a successful lecturer, 
 in addition to which he has taken out patents on twenty-five different articles, 
 all of which are in common use. He was born in Erie county, Pennsylvania, 
 on the loth of May, 1843, and is a son of. Ephraim H. and Rebecca (Donald- 
 son) Witherell. The father was bom in Vermont, on May i, i8i6, his parents 
 being Asaph and Johanna (White) Witherell, natives of Massachusetts. Asaph 
 Witherell was the first manufacturer in America of the cut nail, in the making 
 of which he engaged in his native state for many years. Together with his wife 
 and family in i8i8 he started westward to Pennsylvania. They made the jour- 
 ney in the winter, and as Lake Erie was frozen they started to go from New 
 York to Pennsylvania on the ice, but as it was thin in places they deemed the 
 crossing unsafe, and returned to the shore. When they reached the northwest 
 corner of Pennsylvania, they went south for about fifteen miles to the vicinity 
 of Wattsburg, spending the night at the home of James Donaldson. Ephraim 
 Witherell at that time was a lad of two years, while his future wife was a babe 
 of one day. As his parents located in the vicinity, Ephraim Witherell there 
 grew to manhood and learned the carpenter's trade. At the age of twenty-six 
 years with his family he removed to Washington county, Indiana, where he 
 engaged in contracting and building for five years. At the end of that time they 
 crossed the prairies in a wagon to Peoria county, Illinois, residing there until 
 the spring of 1851, when they came to Knoxville. The mother of our subject 
 was born in Pennsylvania, on the 5th of March, i8i8, her parents being James 
 and Mary (Moore) Donaldson, who were also natives of the Keystone state. 
 In both the paternal and maternal lines Professor Witherell is descended from 
 old colonial families, both of his grandfathers being veterans of the war of 1812, 
 while some of his mother's ancestors located in this country more than two 
 hundred and fifty years ago. The family of Mr. and Mrs. Ephraim Witherell 
 numbered seven, the four eldest having been born before they located in Knox 
 county. In order of birth they are as follows: Ursula, who died at the age of 
 twenty years ; Loren R., our subject ; George, who is a fanner, residing a mile 
 south of Knoxville ; and Eri A., who is in the lecture field on a western circuit 
 
224 HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY :;;">;; 
 
 and is also engaged in teaching ; Willard W., who engages in the real-estate busi- 
 ness and also in building and contracting in Visalia, California ; Silas, who is 
 secretary and treasurer of a manufacturing company in Spring^eld, Missouri ; 
 and Oscar C., who was engaged in the drug business in Knoxville, but has now 
 passed away, his demise occurring at the age of thirty-eight years. 
 
 Professor Witherell received his introduction to the elements of English 
 learning in the common schools of Peoria county, which he attended for one 
 year. His education was continued in the public schools of Knoxville until he 
 was eighteen years of age when he was sent to a private school in Erie county, 
 Pennsylvania, where he studied for two winters. He was a brilliant student, pos- 
 sessing the retentive mind, strong powers of concentration and rapid reasoning 
 faculties that mark the natural scholar. Study was to him not a hardship, but 
 a joy and he applied himself so attentively to his work that he made. the best 
 record of any pupil in the school, standing at the head of his classes in every 
 subject. Upon the completion of his course he returned to his Illinois home 
 and subsequently entered Lombard College. He matriculated in the latter institu- 
 tion in 1864, and there pursued special studies for three years, making a most 
 creditable record. Having decided to take up the study of law, at the expiration 
 of that time he entered the office of Willoughby and Grant in Galesburg, where 
 for three years he diligently applied himself to the mastery of the principles of 
 jurisprudence. He was admitted to the bar in 1871, and immediately thereafter 
 opened an office in Rock Island county, where he engaged in practice for several 
 years. He was meeting with most excellent success and was building up a very 
 good clientage when trouble with his eyes compelled him to abandon his profes- 
 sion. In order to restore his sight and improve his health generally he turned 
 his attention to fruit-raising and for thirty years devoted his summers to this 
 occupation. In the winters he lectured on astronomy, geology and natural his- 
 tory in different schools, colleges and societies of the northwest, addressing 
 more than a thousand different audiences. Although he still occasionally delivers 
 a lecture, he has not followed the work regularly for about ten years, having 
 withdrawn from it in 1901. Much of his time now is devoted to writing for the 
 current magazines, while he also contributes editorials to various newspapers in 
 both Iowa and Illinois. He has had more than one hundred of his poems pub- 
 lished in papers throughout the country and in 1877 he published a history of 
 John Brown in the Davenport Gazette. Not only does Professor Witherell 
 possess unusual literary ability, but rare mechanical skill and he has always 
 devoted much of his time to perfecting various contrivances upon which he 
 holds patents. His first invention was a sugar-cane stripper, which he patented 
 in 1865, when he was only twenty-two years of age. Later he patented a spiral 
 gate and door spring, that is now used all over the world, while to him must 
 be given the credit for the rubber stamp and printing wheels, which were placed 
 on the market in 1866. He also invented the first computing postal scale, and 
 he likewise holds the patent on a dusting brush and window fastener, as well 
 as a clothes wringer and corn popper, and a number of other useful articles. 
 On the 5th of March, 1868, Professor Witherell was united in marriage to 
 Miss Lottie A. Anderson, the ceremony being performed in Knoxville. Mrs. 
 Witherell was born in Sweden, in 1852, and is a daughter of Swan and Mary 
 Anderson, who emigrated to the United States and located in Knoxville during 
 
, :^C:: V ;V^- HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY ; : ^^ 225 
 
 ; the early days. The parents are now both deceased and Mrs. Witherell passed 
 
 .'' away, on March 13, 1909. None of the children born of this marriage lived and 
 
 V Professor and Mrs. Witherell adopted two children, Arthur L. and Augusta. 
 
 The former is now married and residing in Seattle, Washington, where he is 
 
 :j. superintendent of a large printing and publishing company. Augusta is the 
 
 .; wife of Robert McCall of Davenport, Iowa. Professor Witherell has resided 
 
 ; in the house he now occupies for fourteen years, the place being known as 
 
 ;^ "Shady Hill," because it contains the largest and oldest tree in Knox county, 
 
 '.; which stands in the front yard. The kitchen of this house was built by Profes- 
 
 sor Witherell and it is a most interesting room. It is constructed from wood 
 
 taken from a number of historical houses in Knoxville, the old Hebbard House 
 
 ; providing th6 door. This was taken from the room that was occupied by Abra- 
 
 ^ ham Lincoln, on the night of October 6, 1858, the time he and Douglas held 
 
 . their memorable debate. 
 
 In addition to all of his other talents. Professor Witherell is endowed with 
 ' considerable musical ability and he has devised a number of clever musical instru- 
 C- ments of real artistic value from squashes, gourds and other vegetables. Pro- 
 fessor Witherell has been an ardent curio collector for over fifty years, and 
 : has an immense and beautiful collection, handsomely arranged in cases, which 
 \. he has named "The Old Curiosity Shop" and which he will locate permanently 
 in some public park, where it will be a permanent attraction and of great value 
 ;.' to the public for years to come. He has always been too deeply engrossed in 
 the pursuit of his various personal interests to devote much attention to outside 
 affairs, so has very few public connections. He is a member of the Modern 
 Woodmen of America, belonging to the Knoxville camp, one of the oldest in the 
 ' county, which is his only fraternal connection. Professor Witherell has a 
 wide and favorable acquaintance among the citizens of Knox county, where he 
 . . has spent practically his entire life and is recognized as a man of rare worth 
 and ability. 
 
 V r ^ WILLIAM D. FLEHARTY. > . V / ^- - 
 
 .o,'' />'.^''">^-' /. - '^ -:.._[-' ''':'i ' '^/-^^\':'^V^;::'-.'-'V\.:"' 'i:'.'\-v- , . ..'^'-'..'./'' .'V' :^./ 
 Among the worthy citizens of Galesburg death has claimed, yet whose memory 
 is enshrined in the hearts of those who knew them, is numbered William D. 
 Fleharty. His was a noble character and his high ideals and lofty principles 
 were manifest in the active part which he bore in church work and his unselfish 
 devotion thereto. He was the first white child born in North Henderson town- 
 ship. Mercer county, Illinois, his natal day being October 4, 1834. His parents. 
 Covert S. and Margaret H. Fleharty, were pioneer settlers of the state, casting 
 in their lot with the early residents of Mercer county, when its settlements were 
 few and when the work of development and progress seemed scarcely begim. 
 The family lived upon a farm and it was on the old homestead that William 
 D. Fleharty spent his youthful days, experiencing many of the hardships and 
 privations of pioneer life, yet finding in these conditions the things which tested 
 the mettle of his own character and constituted the foundation of his later suc- 
 cessful career and nobility. Throughout the period of his minority he assisted 
 
226 HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY ^; 
 
 in developing the home farm and in 1860 he started out in life independently 
 at the time of his marriage to Miss Mary C. Petrie, a daughter of William 
 Petrie, of New Windsor, Illinois. They began their domestic life upon a farm 
 in Henry county, Illinois, near Alpha, and there lived for about nine years, when, 
 in 1869, they removed to New Windsor, where Mr. Fleharty turned his attention 
 to the grain trade, meeting with success in that business during the twenty years 
 which he devoted to the work. After the death of his wife he removed to 
 Galesburg and in 1890 was again married, his second union being with Emma A. 
 Gordon, a daughter of William H. and Martha Gordon, pioneers of Mercer ''. ,:- 
 county, Pennsylvania, who had also become a resident of Galesburg in 1890. 
 There was one daughter by his first marriage, Anne. 
 
 Mr. Fleharty's influence was always found on the side of progress and 
 improvement, especially along intellectual and moral lines. He was an active 
 supporter of the schools of New Windsor and served in official connection - -^ ;'\; , 
 therewith. In politics he was a stanch republican and filled the office of supervisor 
 in Mercer county. He became one of the charter members of the New Windsor 
 Congregational church, was superintendent of its Sunday school for a number 
 of years and for a long time carried almost the entire work of the church on ; 'l^ ;. 
 his shoulders. After removing to Galesburg he placed his membership in the i.^- '.' 
 Old First church, which later became the Central church, and continued equally ,/ i'?^:' - 
 faithful to its interests and active in its support and work. Men came to know *:'-:".'' 
 that what William D. Fleharty promised he would do, that his word was as > -V .: 
 good as any bond solemnized by signature or seal and that in every relation of , ;'' 
 life he sought to follow the Golden Rule. "Not the good that comes to us but the 
 good that comes to the world through us" is the measure of our success, and 
 judged by this standard the life of William D. Fleharty was a most successful ''.':;. 
 one. . : . - : , - .- ^- . . /. - ---i- ..... 
 
 ; .' . BOANNERGES ELY. .. . 
 
 Boannerges Ely, a resident of Knox county since 1846, was for many years 
 successfully engaged in agricultural pursuits and is now living retired at his 
 home in Wataga. He was born December 21, 1821, in Cumberland Gap, Clai- , 
 borne county, Tennessee. His father, Solomon Ely, came in 1834, at the close 
 of the Black Hawk war, to DeWitt county, Illinois, where he fanned until his 
 death in 1865, when sixty-nine years old. He was an elder in the Christian , 
 church and in his politics was a stanch democrat until the time of Lincoln, 
 when he joined the ranks of the republican party and remained a loyal mem- 
 ber till the last. He was married to Rachel Turner, whose death occurred in 
 1848 at the age of forty-five. There were ten children in the family. The 
 living are: Susanna, the wife of James Stewart, residing in Kansas; and 
 Boannerges, the subject of this sketch, who was the youngest of the family. 
 The grandparents on the father's side were Isaac and Katherine Ely, the former 
 a native of Virginia, and the latter of Germany. The grandparents on the 
 mother's side were William and Susan Turner, both natives of Virginia. 
 
.; :. t V'v - HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY ;> 231 
 
 , When a boy, Boannerges Ely attended the district school and after school 
 
 : helped his father about the farm, beginning his apprenticeship at farming at 
 
 ; the tender age of seven. When old enough to do a man's share of work he 
 
 '; farmed in the employ of others, working for eight dollars a month. At the 
 
 age of twenty-one he began to farm on his own account and in 1846 came to 
 
 Knox county and 1x>ught land in Sparta township. Beginning with one hun- 
 
 ; . dred and twenty acres, he increased his holdings by additional purchases until 
 
 ' he now owns three hundred and ninety acres. He was very successful both 
 
 . in general farming and in stock-raising through progressive methods, and the 
 
 ',. handsome farm which he improved and operated for many years proves his 
 
 efficiency of management. He retired some years ago, renting his land from 
 
 , which he enjoys a comfortable income. .'';.-'' 
 
 ;'... The marriage of Mr. Ely and Miss Mary Duvall, who was born in Ken- 
 
 tucky, July 7, 1834, occurred November 3, 1850. Her father, Thomas Duvall, 
 
 :' was a native of Bath county, Kentucky, born February 28, 1802, a son of 
 
 James and Judith (Jennings) Duvall. His father was a soldier in the War of 
 
 1812. Thomas Duvall became a resident of Illinois in 1835, settling in Warren 
 
 ; county. The following year he removed to Henderson township, Knox county, 
 
 where he engaged in farming on a large scale, owning at one time two thousand 
 
 . acres of land. On the 22d of April, 1822, he was married to Miss Nancy 
 
 '. Shumate, a native of Virginia, born August 19, 1804. Mr. Duvall died in the 
 
 fall of 1890, on September 25, and his wife passed away March 2, 1888. 
 
 Mrs. Ely was one of ten children, of whom five are still living. There were 
 
 . three children in the family of Mr. and Mrs. Boannerges Ely: Nancy, the 
 
 widow of John Deming, who lives at Wataga, Illinois; William, who married 
 
 " Belle McGinnis, and is a farmer in North Dakota; and Ella, deceased, who 
 
 was the wife of Samuel Temple and the mother of two children. 
 
 Mr. and Mrs. Ely are devout members of the Christian church at Wataga, 
 
 of which Mr. Ely was one of the charter members. He is a republican and 
 
 has held office on the town board for eight years. Mr. and Mrs. Ely have led a 
 
 happy, peaceful life. Being among the oldest residents of this section of the 
 
 . > country, they are well known to many people and have a host of friends. Mrs. 
 
 : Ely still passes an occasional hour at her old spinning wheel that she used 
 
 when a girl and in the still silence broken only by her rythmic tread she lives 
 
 over again events that happened in the days of long ago when Knox county 
 
 was a region of prairie land and neighbors lived many miles apart. . . 
 
 ::.;:;-;:/,,';., "'^;,:--: GUSTAVE WENZELMANN. ' : '. : '"JV; ^^^^^^f'.-; 
 
 The name of Gustave Wenzelmann figures prominently in connection with 
 the industrial and manufacturing interests of Galesburg, in which city he took 
 up his abode in 1904. He now has an extensive manufacturing plant, which 
 stands in the midst of sixteen acres of ground, affording him excellent shipping 
 facilities over the Chicago, Burlington & Quincy and Santa Fe Railroads. In 
 business management he displays all those requirements which are essential to 
 success and has gradually worked his way upward to a creditable and gratify- 
 ing position. . .. .. . ^ . ... .:.-.. ... .. 
 
 voL n 11 .'',:''}-''': :'^.-: '^:^ '-'''' 
 
232 HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY '/ ;>r:^.| ^:;: 
 
 Mr. Wenzelmann was born in Neunkhausen, Germany, on the 8th of March, 
 1867, a son of Ludwig and Rosina (Schneider) Wenzelniann, who were also 
 natives of Neunkhausen, the father having been born on the 7th of January, 
 1838, and the mother on the loth of October of the same year. Ludwig Wenzel- 
 mann was a cabinetmaker and sawmill owner and continued in business in his 
 native country until 1882, when he came to the United States, settling in Kan-, 
 kakee, Illinois, where he followed his trade. He lived a life of usefulness and . 
 activity, his labors being terminated only in death, on the I7th of May, 1910. 
 Fora considerable period he had survived his wife, who died in 1886. Both were 
 members of the German Evangelical church and his political allegiance was 
 given the democratic party. In their family were three children : Alwina and 
 Bertha, both now deceased ; and Gustave. 
 
 The last named pursued his education in Germany, becoming a gymnasium 
 student, and in the high school of Kankakee he continued his studies following 
 the arrival of the family in America. After putting aside his text-books he 
 secured employment in a lumberyard and store at Kankakee in the capacity of 
 bookkeeper and later he utilized his earnings in establishing a general merchan- 
 dise store at Missal, Illinois, embarking in business there on his own account 
 in 1884. From the beginning he enjoyed a good trade and continued in active 
 connection with this commercial interest for a considerable period, also serving 
 as postmaster. In 1895, however, he disposed of his store and removed to 
 Streator, Illinois, where he turned his attention to manufacturing, being thus 
 active in the business affairs of that place until 1904, when he came to Gales- 
 burg and built the plant which he is now operating. He manufactures portable 
 elevators, hardware specialties, power wash machines, vacuum cleaning plants, 
 electric light outfits for farm houses and general labor-saving devices as well 
 as gas engines and he also has a small piano factory. There is also a well 
 'equipped chemical laboratory connected with the establishment. The business 
 is conducted under the name of the Wenzelmann Manufacturing Company and 
 was incorporated in 1899, with Gustave Wenzelmann as the president, Mrs. 
 Wenzelmann as vice president and E. H. Overholt as secretary and treasurer. 
 Employment is furnished for many people and the company owns sixteen acres 
 of ground adjoining the tracks of the Chicago, Burlington & Quincy and Santa 
 Fe Railroads. The building covers eighty-three thousand square feet of floor 
 space and is splendidly equipped for the different lines of manufacture there ; 
 conducted. All departments of the business are well organized and, keeping in 
 close touch with the trade, Mr. Wenzelmann understands the demands of the 
 public and the needs of the times and so conducts his business as to meet these. 
 
 Mr. Wenzelmann has been married twice. In the spring of 1892 he wedded 
 Miss Florence Esther Powell, a daughter of Rev. A. B. and Mary (Haffner) 
 Powell, of Missal, Illinois. They became the parents of four children, Rosa, 
 Naomi, Jessie and Maxwell, all at home. The wife and mother passed away 
 June 22, 1907, and on the I2th of August, 1908, Mr. Wenzelmann wedded Miss 
 Marion Rees, a daughter of David and Mary Ann Rees, of Galesburg. There 
 is one child of this marriage, Ann. Both wives of Mr. Wenzelmann were suc- 
 cessful schoolteachers prior to their marriage. In politics he is a republican 
 and has served as school director of the first ward but has never sought nor 
 desired office in recognition of his party fealty. He belongs to the Galesburg 
 
'r:s:-.A;--; t;K;: HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY /./ :>:^ 233 
 
 Club and to Grace Episcopal church, of which he is a vestryman. While he is 
 winning success in his business undertakings, his interests are not confined by his 
 manufacturing activities but extend beyond to the broader and more general in- 
 terests of life, he being ever recognized as a progressive citizen whose coopera- 
 tion in public affairs marks him as a valued resident of Galesburg. ,': :T' ': 
 
 ;:5^- ';.: ;: >W; CHARLES MILLER.:/^ :'-:V;' r;;.X^-v 
 
 Charles Miller, a prominent contractor and builder residing at No. 1007 North 
 Cedar street in Galesburg, has made his home in this city since coming to the 
 United States in 1887. He has been continuously identified with building inter- 
 ests for the past third of a century and many of the most important structures 
 of Galesburg stand as monuments to his skill and ability. His birth occurred 
 in Kent county, England, on the 3d of November, 1862, his' parents being Wil- 
 liam John George and Emma Sarah (King) Miller, who were likewise natives 
 of that country. The paternal grandfather was also born in England. Both he 
 and his wife attained a ripe old age and reared a large family of children, includ- 
 ing the following named : William John George, Edward and Susie. George 
 King, the maternal grandfather of our subject, was likewise a native of the 
 Merrie Isle. Both he and his wife, who bore the maiden name of Emma Allen, 
 were well advanced in years when called to their final rest. Their children 
 were as follows : Emma Sarah, Anna, M. H., Susanna, George and Charles. 
 
 William J. G. Miller, the father of Charles Miller, was a job master and 
 liveryman in Walmer, England. His demise occurred in 1903, when he had 
 attained the age of sixty-four years, while his wife was called to her final rest 
 in 1907 at the age of sixty-eight. They were faithful members of the Church 
 of England. Unto them were born seven sons and four daughters, as follows : 
 Emma Mary Ann, who is a resident of Walmer, Kent, England ; John William 
 George, also living at that place ; Charles, of this review ; James, who makes his 
 home in St. Louis ; George Allen, who is deceased ; Herbert Edward, of London, 
 England; Percy, residing in Australia; Frederick, of Kent; Susanna Frances, 
 the wife of James Grew, of Croydon, England; and two daughters, who died 
 in infancy. ..-v.:" ^;V-- .. ';V' "': .;^ ^v ,^'-.:<-'-l\.:J .- ''.-^'V'. " ' -''': '. .Vr; : '-' 
 
 Charles Miller was reared and educated in his native county. When a youth 
 of fourteen he put aside his text-books and was bound out to a lawyer that he 
 might learn the trade of a builder, which he has followed continuously since 
 1877. In 1887 he emigrated to the United States and took up his abode in 
 Galesburg, Illinois, where he has remained to the present time. Many of the 
 prominent structures of the city were erected by him, among them being the 
 public library ; the Young Men's Christian Association, the building of which 
 he superintended ; the First National Bank ; the People's Trust & Savings Bank ; 
 the Holmes building ; the quarters of the Lass & Larson Company and the O. T. 
 Johnson Company ; and the power house of the People's Traction Company. 
 He has likewise erected hundreds of residences and is frequently called in con- 
 sultation by other builders. In addition to his extensive and important interests 
 as a contractor and builder he is a stockholder in the Lass & Larson Wall Paper 
 
234 HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY .. ./ 
 
 Company. Mr. Miller carries forward to completion whatever he undertakes, '. 
 having a resolute spirit and strong determination that enables him to overcome ' . 
 all difficulties and obstacles and make steady progress toward the goal of , ./ 
 prosperity. 
 
 On the 2d of October, 1884, Mr. Miller was united in marriage to Miss 
 Elizabeth Lass Spinner, a native of Deal, Kent county, England, and a daughter :': 
 of Henry Clement and Elizabeth Ann (Lass) Spinner, who were also born in y 
 that country. The father passed away at the early age of thirty-two years, 
 while the mother died at the age of fifty-six. Henry C. Spinner was a dairy ; 
 merchant. Unto him and his wife were born six children, namely: William . 
 H., Ellen, Elizabeth, Eannie M., and two who died in early life. Richard 
 Spinner, the paternal grandfather of Mrs. Miller, was a gentleman farmer. To 
 him and his wife, who bore the maiden name of Sarah Stokes, were born the 
 following children : Henry, Susan, Fannie, Mary Ann and Jennie. William !- 
 and Sarah (Eastes) Lass, the maternal grandparents of Mrs. Miller, had thir-.., >,- 
 teen children, of whom the following are known : Frank, Elizabeth, Nora, ; 
 Grove, Ebenezer, William, Loremia, John, Thomas, Mary and Sarah. Charles . ! 
 Miller, our subject, and Mrs. Miller were the parents of nine children, as fol- .:- 
 lows: Harry William, a builder and farmer of Canada; Clarence and George, ;'... 
 who died in infancy; Herbert L., a student; Ethel, at home; Clement, who is ; 
 deceased; Ruth and Elizabeth, who are under the parental roof; and Emory G., . 
 
 who has passed away. ' 
 
 In politics Mr. Miller is independent, supporting men and measures rather 
 than party. At the present time he is serving as alderman of the first precinct ; 
 in the third ward. Fraternally he is identified with the Masons, belonging to 
 Alpha Lodge, No. 155, A. F. & A. M. ; Galesburg Chapter, R. A. M. ; Gales- ': 
 burg Commandery, No. 8, K. T. ; Knoxville Council, R. & S. M. ; and Mohammed - 
 Temple of the Nobles of the Mystic Shrine. He is also a member of the Gales- . '. 
 burg lodge of the Independent Order of Odd Fellows. He belongs to the Gales- 
 burg Club and made the second subscription for the erection of a club building. -. 
 His religious faith is indicated by his membership in the Central Congregational 
 church, to which his wife likewise belongs. The circle of their friends is almost ; 
 coextensive with the circle of their acquaintances and all who know them enter- ' . 
 tain for them the warmest esteem and regard. v - 
 
 ';;; .: EDGAR J. LOCKWOOD. ^-.fv; 
 
 Edgar J. Lockwood, who is living in Knoxville at the age of eighty-eight 
 years, has devoted the greater part of his life to spreading the gospel as a 
 minister of the Baptist church. He was born in Plattsburg, New York, on June 
 30, 1823, and is a son of Sheldon and Parthenia (Clark) Lockwood. His 
 father was a native of New Milford, Connecticut, his birth occurring on the 
 2Oth of November, 1789, while his mother was born in Hartford, New York, 
 on the 1st of September, 1795. Left an orphan in his early childhood at the 
 age of seven years Sheldon Lockwood was bound out to a hatter in Connecticut. 
 He also learned the furrier's trade, continuing to follow both occupations in his 
 
':} ': V ; - - /v''^ HISTORY OF KXOX COUNTY :;: :' 235 
 
 native state until 1812, when he enlisted in the army for seven years' service 
 and participated in the second war with Great Britain. After the close of hos- 
 tilities he located in Plattsburg, New York, where he established a furrier shop 
 and also engaged in the manufacture of hats until 1825. EHsposing of his busi- 
 ness he then came west with his family, stopping for a time in Chicago, but 
 later went to Ottawa, whence he subsequently removed to Lewiston. He resided 
 there for several years then went to Warren county, purchasing some land in 
 the vicinity of Berwick, that he cultivated for many years. There he passed 
 away on the 2ist of May, 1851, but the mother survived until January 21, 1889, 
 her death occurring in Galesburg, and was laid to rest beside her husband in 
 the cemetery at Berwick. Warren county. The family of Mr. and Mrs. Lock- 
 woofl numbered the following children, all of whom are deceased with the 
 exception of our subject. In order of birth they are as follows : Melissa, who 
 married Erskine Wilbur ; Edgar J., our subject ; Rachel, the wife of Daniel 
 Belden ; Catherine ; Emily E., who for nineteen years was a teacher in the public 
 schools of Galesburg; Alva C. ; Ira W. and Mason M., who were twins; Henri- 
 etta; Jane E., the wife of S. P. Phelps, of Monmouth ; and Mary Louisa. ' 
 . The greater part of the education of Edgar J. Lockwood was acquired 
 through reading and study after attaining maturity, his early advantages being 
 confined to the brief and irregular sessions of the district school. Being the 
 eldest son of a large family he was early compelled to assume the duties of 
 manhood and at the age of nine years was entrusted to plow the fields. He was 
 an ambitious youth, however, and longed to devote his life to a noble purpose, 
 feeling deeply drawn to the ministry where he recognized great opportunities 
 for usefulness. While little more than a lad he determined to devote his life to 
 the spreading of the Gospel and with this purpose in view devoted every moment 
 he was nbt occupied in the fields in reading and study. Ultimately he attained 
 his ambition and was admitted to the ministry of the Baptist church. His first 
 pastorate was in the vicinity of Prairie City, Illinois, where he remained for 
 four years, at the expiration of that period being transferred to the church in 
 Prairie City. Some of his charges were very small, and his duties being light, 
 he also engaged in farming. Erom Illinois he went to Iowa, his first church in 
 the latter state being at Bedford, whence he removed to Emerson. After leav- 
 ing there he located on a farm in the vicinity of Bedford and in connection with 
 the cultivation of this he also held the ministry of a country church. He next 
 went to Kansas, locating in the vicinity of Emporia, where he preached for a 
 time, going from there to West Plains, Missouri, where he resided for twenty 
 years and had charge of a church. At the expiration of that time he withdrew 
 from the ministry and coming to Galesburg lived with a daughter until the ist 
 of September, 1908, when he came to Knoxville. Although he has not held a 
 charge for more than fifteen years, and seldom occupies a pulpit any more, Mr. 
 Lockwood takes an active interest in all church work, and never misses a religious 
 service unless the condition of his health prevents his attendance. He has always 
 been a zealous and conscientious worker, and despite the many trials and hard- 
 ships that confront every man who devotes his life to public service he has 
 ever been sustained by the faith that is the comfort and solace of his age. He 
 has never faltered but has faithfully discharged every duty in accordance with 
 what to him seemed best. ; > : . ^ ^ ;^^ . :";; / .=: V '. ; ^ 
 
236 . HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY ;:':: ";.:::;. 
 
 . . '.S --_. : 
 
 In Henry county, Illinois, on the 2ist of June, 1849, Mr. Lockwood was 
 united in marriage to Miss Mandana A. Jones, whose birth occurred in Canada, 
 on the 2d of January, 1831. She is a daughter of Daniel and Atlanta (Bartlett) 
 Jones, the father also a native of Canada, his birth occurring on February 22, 
 1808, while the mother was bom in Vermont, on the 2d of January, i8io. They 
 were among the pioneer settlers of Illinois, first locating in Mercer county, 
 where the father engaged in farming, but later took up his residence in Gales- 
 burg, and there both he and the mother passed away. They were the parents 
 of seven children, of whom Mrs. Lockwood was the eldest. The others were as 
 follows : Louisa, the widow of Leonidas Anderson, of Oklahoma ; Orson, a 
 veteran of the Civil war, now deceased ; Harriet, also deceased, who is buried 
 in the cemetery at Knoxville ; Granville, who is a resident of Galesburg ; Norvel, 
 also of Galesburg ; and Corwin, who lives in Shenandoah, Iowa. Unto Mr. and 
 Mrs. Lockwood there were born two daughters : Alice Irene, the deceased wife 
 of Elisha White, by whom she had one son, Walter, now living in Chicago ; and 
 Effie Louise, who married Marshall Goodsill of Galesburg, and is the mother 
 of four children : Ruth, Claire, Inez and Max. 
 
 Despite his advanced years, Mr. Lockwood is still in full possession of his 
 faculties and takes an active interest in all matters pertaining to the public 
 welfare, particularly of a religious nature.- ,; , . .,.,,;..: , 
 
 /-;^V , EDWARD PAYSON WILLIAMS. y^^xri 
 
 It is a difficult matter during the life of any one, to render a satisfactory 
 tribute to his character, especially when the man concerned is of a' disposi- 
 tion so retiring and unobtrusive as E. P. Williams. He was born at Russia, 
 New York, in the year 1833, and moved to Galesburg with his parents in the 
 year 1836. 
 
 It seems most fitting and appropriate that he should be. mentioned in this 
 volume in the History of Knox County, of which he has been so important 
 a factor for many years. In the absence of a personal biography, we copy by 
 permission from the "Bench and Bar of Illinois," edited by the late John M. 
 Palmer of Springfield, Illinois, former governor and former senator from 
 Illinois, the following historical sketch of Mr. Williams: ./ V. j - , . 
 
 "Edward Payson Williams has resided in Galesburg for more than fifty years, 
 and for the past twenty-five years has been the recognized leader of the Knox 
 county bar. His modest and unassuming nature has kept him from the public 
 gaze, but the strength, clearness and accuracy of his judgment, coupled with an 
 unHecked purity and integrity of life, have made him known and respected and 
 loved by all who have been either his clients or his friends. 
 
 "His father, Sherman Williams, was one of the early abolitionists, and first 
 settled in Missouri ; but his views on the slavery question were not accepted there 
 and he was driven from the state by the pro-slavery element, fleeing by night 
 with his wife and young children. His mother. Sally (Bradley) Williams, was 
 a woman of very remarkable intellectual power, an omnivorous reader, with a 
 genius and love for guiding and instructing youthful minds. 
 
236 HISTORY OF KXOX COUXTY 
 
 In Henry county, Illinois, on the 2ist of June. 1849, Mr. Lock\voo(l uas 
 united in marriage to Miss Manclana A. Jones, whose birth occurred in Canada, 
 on the 2(1 of January, 1831, She is a daughter of Daniel and Atlanta (I'artlett ) 
 Jones, the father also a native of Canada, his birth occurring on I-'ebruary 22, 
 1808, while the mother was born in \'ermont, on the 2d of January, 1810. They 
 were among the jiioneer settlers of Illinois, first locating in Mercer county, 
 where the father engaged in farming, but later took up his residence in Gales- 
 burg, and there both he and the mother passed away. They were the i)arents 
 of seven children, of whom Mrs. Lockwood was the eldest. The others were as 
 follows : Louisa, the widow of Leonidas Anderson, of Oklahoma ; Orson, a 
 veteran of the Civil war, now deceased : Harriet, also deceased, who is buried 
 in the cemetery at Knoxville : Granville, who is a resident of Galesburg; Xorvel, 
 also of Galesburg; and Corwin, who lives in Shenandoah, Iowa. Unto Mr. and 
 Mrs. Lockwood there were born two daughters: Alice Irene, the deceased wife 
 of Elisha \\'hite, by whom she had one son, \\'alter, now living in Chicago; and 
 Eflfie Louise, wlio married Marshall Goodsill of Galesburg, and is the mother 
 of four children ; Ruth, Claire, Inez and Max. 
 
 Des])ite bis advanced years, Mr. Lockwood is still in full pos.session of his 
 faculties and takes an active interest in all matters pertaining to the public 
 welfare, particularly of a religious nature. 
 
 EDWARD PAYSOX WILLIAMS. ' 
 
 It is a difficult matter during the life of any one, to render a satisfactory 
 tribute to his character, especially when the man concerned is of a disiKjsi- 
 tion so retiring and unobtrusive as E. P. \\'illiams. 1 le was Ixjrn at Rus.sia, 
 Xew York, in the year 1833, and moved to Galesburg with his j)arents in the 
 year 1836. 
 
 It seems most fitting and appropriate that he should be mentioned in this 
 volume in the History of Kno.x County, of which he has been so important 
 a factor for many years. In the absence of a personal bi()grai)hy, we copy by 
 I)ermissiun from the "I'.ench and 15ar of Illincjis," edited by the late John M. 
 J 'aimer of S])ringtiel(l, Illinois, former governor an<l former senator from 
 Illinoi>^, the following historical sketch of Mr. \\'illiams: 
 
 "l-'dward Payson \\'illiams has resided in Galesburg f(tr more than fifty years, 
 and for the past twenty-five years has I)een the recognized leader of the Knox 
 county bar. His modest and unassuming nature has kei)t him from the public 
 gaze, but the strength, clearness and accuracy of his judgment, coupled witli an 
 unHecked jmrity and integrity of life, have made him known and respected and 
 loved by all who have been either bis clients or bis friends. 
 
 "His father, Sherman \\'illiams, was one of the early abolitionists, and first 
 settled in Missouri; but his views on the .slavery cjue.stion were not accepted there 
 and he was driven from the state by the pro-slavery element, fleeing by night 
 uitb bis wife and young children. His mother. Sally M'.radley) \\'illiams, was 
 a woman of very remarkable intellectual ])ower, an omnivorous reader, with a 
 genius and love for guiding and instructing youthful minds. 
 
: ;vC y- ^v- : HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY ^ivrv/r 239 
 
 "Mr. Williams' early life was spent on a farm, and, excepting portions of a 
 v'; few years which were spent in the district school and in Knox College, he did 
 ; the hard and exacting work of the farm until he had passed his twenty-fifth 
 -.year. An injury which he then received disabled him from continuing in that 
 i calling, and he took up with indomitable purpose his preparation for the prac- 
 ' tice of the law. After two years of study, he was admitted to the bar of Illi- 
 nois on an examination conducted in person by the late Judge Corydon Beck- 
 with. From the very beginning of his practice, he took rank as a lawyer who 
 :; knew the law and could present it clearly, who prepared his cases with thor- 
 oughness and who tried them both skillfully and honorably; who gave the same 
 ' high service to the small cause and to the poor client that the largest interests 
 ' could command; and it was soon known to all that he would neither take a re- 
 tainer because the professional rewards were to be large if the cause did not com- 
 '' mend itself to his judgment and conscience, nor refuse a cause that seemed to 
 '. him meritorious though no reward were promised and its advocacy was un- 
 popular. 
 
 ' "His name will be found as counsel in nearly every volume of the reports of 
 the supreme court of Illinois from the forty-eighth to the present time. Upon 
 
 important or intricate questions of law, no better briefs than his have been filed 
 . in that court. They have furnished the basis for the opinions of the supreme 
 
 court in many leading cases; notably, in the celebrated county seat fight between 
 
 Knoxville and Galesburg, settling the right of citizens by a bill in equity to purge 
 
 ' poll books and election returns of the illegal votes cast, and to have the court 
 
 ,' determine the result of the legal votes at such election. Knox County versus 
 
 ' Davis, Illinois Reports, volume 63, page 405. In Stowell versus Bair. Illinois 
 
 ;/' Appellate Reports, volume 5, page 104, he filed a masterly brief on the question 
 
 ,v of the priority of lien upon growing crops between the landlord and the mort- 
 
 ' gagee. In Patterson versus McKinney, Illinois Reports, volume 97, page 41, 
 
 his brief upon the proposition that conveyances to one's family made while heavily 
 
 indebted and engaged in speculations can be set aside in equity as fraudulent, 
 
 .; is preserved in the report. In Kiernan versus C., S. F. & C. Railway Company, 
 
 Illinois Reports, volume 123, page i88. the court sustained his splendid set of 
 
 : instructions as to weight of evidence in condemnation cases. 
 
 ' "During his long career at the bar he has met in professional contests nearly 
 every prominent lawyer of the Military Tract, and has won his full share of 
 ; victories. In the early days his practice was not confined to Knox county, but 
 ;: extended to all the counties of the circuit. In Fulton county he practiced with 
 ' ' Hon. William C. Goudy, who afterward became a well known lawyer in Chi- 
 '. cago, and Hon. S. P. Shope, afterward justice of the supreme court and now in 
 
 active practice in Chicago. He was often retained with or against Hon. Thomas 
 
 .' . G. Frost, afterward of Frost & Miller, of Chicago ; Hon. A. M. Craig, now one 
 
 .; of the justices of the supreme court; Hon. Charles B. Lawrence, afterward 
 
 >. justice of the supreme court, and then one of the leaders of the Chicago bar, 
 
 , and many others. He was an early friend of John P. Wilson, Esq., and of 
 
 'Judge Blodgett, of Chicago. All who have met him in the courts or have in 
 
 other ways come to know him, esteem him for his fidelity as a friend and his 
 .' integrity as a citizen, and warmly admire the ability and conscience which have 
 
 ;; characterized every act of his professional life. But his best work and high- 
 
240 HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY 
 
 est title to distinction does not lie in his purely professional work. His greatest 
 influence has been wielded as a man of honor and moral bravery, and through 
 the many men who have gained their professional ideals and inspiration while 
 students in his office. 
 
 "From the day he entered a law office until now, he has placed the obliga- 
 tions of a lawyer before his rewards and has always cared more to settle strife 
 and protect rights by fair compromise than to encourage litigation or imperil 
 his clients' interests in the hope of professional reward or distinction. 
 
 "He has not drawn the line merely against dishonest claims or methods, but 
 against causes and courses that while entirely honest might prove hardships to 
 the party, though beneficial to the attorney. For example, a mortgage for over 
 twenty thousand dollars was sent him with instructions to begin foreclosure pro- 
 ceedings. The mortgagor was in default and a foreclosure proceeding would 
 have brought an attorney's fee of an unusual size and of which, on account of 
 the large number of persons dependent upon him, he was in real need. Yet 
 because the mortgagee was honest and would, in his judgment, be able to pay 
 the larger portion of the defaulted interest within the next six months, he made 
 the unasked recommendation of a postponement of the foreclosure proceedings. 
 The result was that the mortgagor saved his land and the mortgagee secured his 
 debt, and Mr. Williams received but a nominal fee. And examples of this sort 
 might be multiplied. The golden rule controls him both as a lawyer and as a 
 man. 
 
 "Students from his office are found in the upper ranks of the profession from 
 New York to Seattle, Washington, and all hold him both as a lawyer and citizen 
 in the highest regard and affection. 
 
 "He is a republican in politics, as was natural from his early experiences, 
 but he has never sought public* office. In the early days of his practice he was 
 city attorney of Galesburg for one term, and master in chancery of the circuit 
 court for a short time. His friends have long desired to place him upon the 
 circuit bench, where his profound knowledge of the law, tempered by his fine 
 sense of justice, would have been so valuable to litigants ; but he has been un- 
 willing to make any canvass for the place or to undergo the strife of a polit- 
 ical campaign. He has neither the temperament nor the natural gifts of an 
 advocate, though in cases appealing strongly to his feelings he has made some 
 very notable and effective arguments to juries. His conspicuous preeminence, 
 however, is as a wise counselor who always sought and rarely missed 'the right 
 of the matter.' Though past three-score years, he is still in active practice m 
 the full possession of his ripened powers, and has associated with him in the 
 practice two sons Messrs. Edwin N. and G. P. Williams who are rendering him 
 strong and efficient aid in conducting the litigation in which the firm is retained." 
 The Bench and Bar of Illinois, pages 452 to 454. 
 
 Since this biography was published, Mr. Williams has continued in the suc- 
 cessful practice of his profession at Galesburg, Illinois, with a constantly in- 
 creasing reputation. His life has been filled with deepest sorrows. His wife, 
 for fifty years his constant and loving companion, assistant and adviser, has 
 passed away, and two of his sons who were associated with him in the practice 
 of law have also passed to the beyond. Perhaps no bjetter idea can be given of 
 the estimate in which Mr. Williams is held by the bar of Knox county, than to 
 
,>: Y ;;::,;:: .>f^' HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY . / ' i^^^:: 241 
 
 quote a resolution unanimously passed at a meeting of the bar association of ' ' 
 Knox county, held for the purpose of adopting resolutions upon the life and . 
 services of the late Justice Alfred M. Craig, in January, 1912. V 
 
 "The Bar Association of Knox county assembled for the purpose of paying ;; 
 its respects and tribute to the memory of a distinguished member, who has ." 
 passed away, are reminded of the fact that we have still with us, in active : 
 practice, the Nestor of this bar, whose seventy-ninth birthday will soon be here. 
 While paying our tribute to the deceased, it is fitting that we remember the liv- ,. 
 ing who is still with us to guide and to inspire, and to extend to him our felicita- 
 tions upon his approaching anniversary. Edward Payson Williams, by a long : 
 and distinguished career at the bar, has brought distinction, not only to himself, 
 but the bar of which he is the acknowledged leader. By his unselfish public serv- ' : 
 ice, he has well served his day and generation. His unfailing kindness has en- 
 deared him to us all. and his integrity and moral worth is an example to us. May .- 
 his sorrows be tempered to him and his remaining years be filled with joy." ;- ; 
 
 We cannot close this brief sketch without mentioning one of the greatest hon- - 
 ors that ever came to Mr. Williams, or in fact, to any other attorney of this 
 state, and it must always stand as a most beautiful and substantial tribute to 
 his memory and legal attainments. 
 
 In the year 1899 the legislature of the state of Illinois passed a resolution 
 creating a "Practice Commission" for the purpose of making a thorough 
 examination of the Practice Act and to suggest needed reforms and com- -'':.- 
 mission seem to be necessary and conducive to the improvement in court ; 
 procedure. Two members were to be appointed from Cook county, one by \ 
 the Cook County Bar Association, one by the appellate court of the First district, . 
 and of the remaining three, one by the State Bar Association, one by the governor -V 
 o^ the state and one by the supreme court of the state of Illinois. Mr. Williams, ' 
 of all the attorneys of this state, was selected by the supreme court to act upon 
 that commission, thus signifying the full confidence of that august body in him . 
 as being qualified in every way to represent it in all the questions that might . . 
 come before the commission. His appointment bears date September 15, 1899. 
 
 ....-:;^-;;r:;-/r> .;>;--. :v :;:;.;:'' MAX j. MACK. '::y- -;A -':-.v"--^^> - 
 
 Max J. Mack, who for more than a third of a century has been actively 
 identified with the business interests of Galesburg as a clothing merchant, has 
 since 1895 been a member of the firm of Jacobi Brothers & Mack. His birth 
 occurred in Cincinnati. Ohio, on the 6th of August, 1854, his parents being 
 Jacob L. and Amelia (Thurnauer) Mack, both of whom were natives of Bavaria,' 
 Germany. The paternal grandfather was also born there. Jacob L. Mack, the 
 father of our subject, emigrated to America half a century ago and settled in 
 Cincinnati, where he embarked in business as a wholesale clothier. His demise 
 there occurred when he had attained the age of seventy years. His wife, sur- 
 viving him, was seventy-two years old when called to her final rest. Their 
 children were six in number, namely: Edward J., who is deceased; Leopold J., 
 
242 HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY 
 
 a resident of Cincinnati, Ohio ; Herman, who has also passed away ; Carrie, 
 r living in Cincinnati ; Max J., of this review ; and Samuel J., who makes his 
 * '. home in Anderson, Indiana. 
 
 '. Max J. Mack was reared to manhood in his native city and attended the 
 
 " public schools in the acquirement of an education, being graduated from the 
 
 high school in 1872. Subsequently he attended a night law school for a time. 
 
 Later he secured employment as bookkeeper in a wholesale house, holding that 
 
 ,. position until he left Cincinnati and came to Galesburg in 1875. Here he em- 
 
 ?'. barked in the clothing business on his own account and at the end of a year 
 
 became a partner of his father-in-law, Abraham Jacobi, the business being con- 
 
 . . ducted under the firm style of Jacobi & Mack until 1895. For the past sixteen 
 
 years the establishment has borne the name of Jacobi Brothers & Mack. The 
 
 '; partners now enjoy an extensive business and are very successful in its conduct. 
 
 [ On the 3d of May, 1876, Mr. Mack was united in marriage to Miss Fanny 
 
 ' ; ' Jacobi, a' native of Knoxville, Illinois, and a daughter of Abraham and Qara 
 
 ..' (Schriesheimer) Jacobi, both of whom were born at Mannheim, Germany. They 
 
 emigrated to the United States in 1848, first settling in Knoxville, Illinois, and 
 
 later coming to Galesburg. Here Abraham Jacobi passed away in 1909, when 
 
 ;, eighty-five years of age. His widow, who still survives him, has now attained 
 
 the age of eighty-two years. To Mr. and Mrs. Mack were born two children, 
 
 Hattie C. and Julian J., both at home. The wife and mother was called to her 
 
 N, final rest in 1904, when forty-nine years of age, her death being the occasion of 
 
 >. sincere regret in the county in which she had spent her entire life. 
 
 ; Mr. Mack, a stanch republican in politics, acted as alderman of the first 
 
 :':. ward for eighteen years. He is now a member of the library board and served 
 
 .: as its president for two years. Fraternally he is identified with the Masons, 
 
 . being a valued member of Vesper Lodge. His life has been one of well directed 
 
 '. effort and enterprise, resulting in the attainment of a creditable and gratifying 
 
 ., measure of success. In all his relations he has enjoyed the respect and confi- 
 
 dence of his fellowmen because he is honest, upright, persistent and determined. 
 
 HERBFRT W. WOOD. '. 
 
 Herbert W. Wood is now living retired in Galesburg but in former years 
 was identified with general merchandising, with the grain trade and financial 
 enterprises. The success which he achieved while still an active factor in busi- 
 ness circles brought him a handsome competence that now relieves him from the 
 necessity of further labor, save for the supervision which he gives to his invested 
 interests. He was born in Westford, Vermont, April 24, 1844, a son of William 
 S. and Phylena (Smith) Wood. The father was also a native of Westford and 
 the mother's birth occurred in Braintree, Orange county, Vermont. William 
 S. Wood followed merchandising in his native town and also conducted a tan- 
 nery, after which he removed to Burlington, Vermont, where he filled the office 
 of deputy sheriff. In the spring of 1859, he came to the middle west settling 
 in Watag^, Knox county, Illinois, where he carried on general merchandising 
 and also engaged in the grain trade for a number of years. He likewise con- 
 
HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY 
 
 247 
 
 ducted a banking and loan business at a later date and carried forward to suc- 
 cessful completion whatever he undertook. He was ever watchful of any oppor- 
 tunity and in its improvement steadily advanced toward success. In 1884 he 
 went to Elgin, Illinois, where he resided for three or four years living retired 
 during that period. In 1888, he came to Galesburg, where he also lived retired 
 up to the time of his death, which occurred February 3, 1897. For more than 
 three years he had survived his wife who died in this city, September 21, 1893. 
 In his political views William S. Wood was a republican and served in some 
 local offices, acting as justice of the peace and as treasurer of his town. His 
 life was upright and honorable and both he and his wife were members of the 
 Congregational church in which he served as a trustee. They were married in 
 Braintree, Vermont, and unto them were born four children, of whom Herbert 
 W., is the eldest, the others are: Ella J., the widow of George F. Niles of 
 Hartford, Connecticut; Qarence E., who was born July i, 1850, and died April 
 29, 1852, and Carrie M., the widow of Albert T. Lewis of Elgin, Illinois. 
 
 Herbert W. Wood was educated in the schools of West ford and in the 
 Burlington high school, after which he attended Knox College in Galesburg 
 during the year 1863-4. His education completed, he entered his father's store 
 as a clerk and received thorough training in commercial methods as applied 
 especially to general mercantile interests. In 1868 he became his father's suc- 
 cessor in business and formed a partnership with his uncle, H. P. Wood, which 
 connection continued until 1880. They carried on the same line of business and 
 also engaged in general banking. Throughout that period they conducted a pros- 
 perous business carrying a large and well selected line of goods for which they 
 found a ready sale. The growth of their trade brought them an excellent annual 
 income which in time afforded Mr. Wood a competence sufficient to enable him 
 to retire from active life. He came to Galesburg in 1888, and has since retired 
 from further labor save for the supervision which he gives to his invested in- 
 terests. He is now a stockholder in the First National Bank and has important 
 realty holdings. He served as town clerk and in many other local pffices, being 
 corporation clerk at Wataga for a time. :. 'i 
 
 On the 2ist of January, 1904, Mr. Wood was united in marriage to Mrs. 
 Emma Walton, a daughter of Joseph and Orlena A. (Kirk) Woods of Plymouth, 
 Illinois. Her father was born near Mt. Sterling, this state, May lo, 1829, of 
 German parentage and died June 30, 1905. He was a soldier of the Mexican 
 war, serving for a year and one-half after which he was honorably discharged. 
 He followed the occupation of farming, owning and cultivating a tract of land 
 until the time of his death. He was also an ordained minister of the Baptist 
 church and his life was ever a helpful one, his time being largely spent in 
 efforts to uplift and benefit humanity. In his political faith he was a democrat 
 and he served as school director, but never sought political office. His wife 
 died July 19, 1909, at the home of her daughter, Mrs. Wood, in Galesburg, 
 There were seventeen children in their family, of whom Mrs. Wood was the 
 seventh in order of birth. Her early education was acquired in the schools of 
 Providence, Illinois, and later she spent three years in Eureka College. She was 
 also an art and music pupil in Chicago, studying under Seabeck and Liebling 
 for three years. She afterward engaged in teaching music in Macomb. Camp 
 Point and Augusta ^three towns of central Illinois. ; . -....; . 
 
 
248 ', : HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY :: '-;.S 
 
 She is a member of the First Christian Church, Galesburg, 111., Woman's 
 Christian Temperance Union, Woman's Relief Corps and the Round Table Club, 
 A lady of broad intelligence and wide reading, she is prominent in the social 
 circles of the city and shares with her husband a popularity that has brought him 
 many friends. 
 
 '.. :'A%.. ,. ^ . ' ' REV. JOSEPH COSTA. - ''''' V; v-'" ;-: ;i- '^>--X:f {/^ 
 
 . Rev. Joseph Costa, O. C., R. D. C., who for more than a third of a century 
 has labored with untiring and consecrated zeal for the development of Catholic- 
 ity in Galesburg. is the pastor of Corpus Christi church and also a dean of the 
 Peoria diocese. He was born October i8, 1823, in Pettinengo. province of Biella, 
 Italy, about thirty miles northeast of Turin, his parents being Antonio and Angela 
 Maria (Facio) Costa. The father was occupied in land industries and also con- 
 ducted a tailoring establishment. Joseph was the youngest of four brothers and 
 the only one who entered the ministry. The records of the family, dating back 
 for more than six hundred years, show members of it belonging to the priesthood. 
 
 Father Costa received his early instruction in letters and music in the schools 
 of his native town. Subsequently he entered the college named Banchette and 
 began the study of Latin under Rev. Professor W. Scaglia. Later he pursued 
 his studies in classics in the city of Biella, and after an interval of two years 
 of rest began his philosophical course in the College Melerio Rosmini in the 
 city of Domodossola, remaining a student under Professor Parma for two years. 
 Having passed his examination in philosophy and being a member of the Order 
 of Charity, he applied himself, under able professors, to the study of divinity 
 in the Rosminan Institute at Stresa on the borders of Lago Maggiore. In 1851, 
 as a member of the order, he was sent by the General, the Rev. Antonio Rosmini, 
 to the English missions belonging to the same order. In that country he re- 
 viewed his theology under Professor Caccia and prepared for the reception of 
 holy orders. On February i8, 1853, he was examined and ordained priest in 
 the church of Oscott College by the Rt. Rev. Bernard Ullathorne, bishop of 
 Birmingham. As a priest he labored in Great Britain for eleven years, doing 
 parish work, preaching at missions or teaching in college. 
 
 In 1864, at the request of Dr. Yunker, bishop at Alton, Illinois, Father Costa 
 was sent by the general of his order to work in that bishop's diocese. In the 
 United States the field of his labors was chiefly Illinois Springfield, Jacksonville, 
 El Paso and Lincoln. Finally, in 1877, he was sent to Galesburg by Dr. John 
 L. Spalding, first bishop of Peoria, for the special purpose of establishing 
 parochial schools. From that time to the present he has worked earnestly and 
 faithfully for the upbuilding of the Catholic church. In the spring of 1878 was 
 begim the erection of St. Joseph's Academy, which was opened for use in the 
 autumn of 1879, with ten teachers and four hundred pupils. Stevens & Parry 
 of Galesburg built the structure, which, including heating apparatus and exclud- 
 ing furniture, cost sixteen thousand, eight hundred and fifty-eight dollars and 
 thirteen cents. The convent adjoining the academy was partly erected by Jacob 
 Westfall of Peoria, who failed to complete the contract and the building was 
 finished under the direction of Father Costa. The work, which was commenced 
 
:> 5 HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY 
 
 251 
 
 in 1880 and finished in iSSi, engendered an expenditure of eleven thousand, 
 three hundred and eighty-eight dollars and fifty-two cents. The ground upon 
 which Corpus Christi church stands cost four thousand, eight hundred and 
 eighty-five dollars. The contract for the building was given to Matthias 
 Schnell, of Rock Island, and its cost, including heater, seats, bell, etc., was 
 thirty-eight thousand, six hundred and eleven dollars and forty-three cents. 
 Corpus Christi rectory, including heating apparatus, cost five thousand, five hun- 
 dred dollars. The lot of St. Mary's primary, on the corner of Fourth and Semi- 
 nary streets, cost twenty-five hundred dollars and the new building six- 
 teen thousand dollars. The lot on which Corpus Christi lyceum stands was 
 purchased for five thousand dollars, while the building and furniture cost about 
 forty-two thousand dollars. Its erection was begun in 1891 and completed in 
 1894. This edifice is private property of the Order of Charity in the United 
 States. Father Costa has done much in the erection of buildings in Galesburg, 
 expending more than one hundred and forty thousand dollars for that purpose 
 and the benefit of his church. He has now passed the eighty-ninth milestone 
 on life's journey, and his long years of unselfish ministrations and activities have 
 been a potent factor for good and his personal characteristics are such as have 
 endeared him to his parishioners and fellowmen. 
 
 JOHN BECKETT. 
 
 The late John Beckett, a well known civil engineer, of Knoxville, was bom 
 
 , in the vicinity of Oxford. Ohio, on the ist of February, 1845, his parents being 
 
 \: William and Sarah Beckett. His father was born and reared in Virginia, 
 
 . . but in his early manhood he removed to Indiana, where he resided for some 
 
 >: years, subsequently becoming a citizen of Ohio. There he engaged in farming, 
 
 continuing to follow that occupation until his death, which occurred on his 
 
 homestead near Oxford. The family of Mr. and Mrs. William Beckett consisted 
 .. of five sons: Prestley, who died at the age of sixteen years; John, our subject; 
 !' Arthur, who is living in Ohio; Zacharias. who is deceased; and Edward. 
 
 ; ' " The education of John Beckett was obtained in the common schools, during 
 that period much of his time being devoted to assisting with the work of the farm, 
 
 Although he was only sixteen years of age when the war broke out he enlisted 
 ,/: in the Eighty-sixth Ohio Volunteer Infantry and went to the front for three 
 
 months. At the close of his term he reenlisted, remaining in the service until 
 
 ;;, the close of hostilities. He participated in many battles during that period but 
 
 .. the greater part of the time he was stationed at Cumberland Gap. Upon receiving 
 
 .V his discharge he returned to his home and entered a tailor shop, where he 
 
 ' ; learned the trade. This vocation did not prove entirely to his liking, however, 
 
 . and he did not follow it after leaving Ohio in 1871. In the latter year he came 
 
 ; to Illinois, settling in Monmouth, where he took up civil engineering. He 
 
 . enjoyed the work very much and continued to follow.it the remainder of his 
 
 life, meeting with good success. His development was marked by rapid progress 
 
 /; and he became connected with some of the important surveys of the state, hav- 
 
 . ing had the distinction of driving the first stake for the Iowa Central Rail- 
 
252 ^ HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY -. 
 
 road from Peoria to Keithsburg, Illinois. Mr. Beckett was a capable engineer 
 and a good business man, but had hardly reached the zenith of his powers when 
 death terminated his career on the 2ist of August, 1889. ..':;.' 
 
 On the 6th of March, 1882, he was united in marriage to Miss Elizabeth 
 Downard, who was born in Clinton county, Ohio, on the I4th of May, 1846, and 
 is a daughter of Jesse and Sallie (Showalter) Downard. The birth of the 
 father occurred near Uniontown, Pennsylvania, while the mother was a native 
 of Westmoreland county, that state. In the early years of their domestic life 
 they came to Ohio, where they spent the remainder of their lives. The father 
 was a shoemaker by trade and having been given the advantages of a good 
 education he also taught school for a time, but his latter years were devoted 
 to farming. The family of Mr. and !Mrs. Downard numbered thirteen, seven ' 
 sons and six daughters : William Wallace, who was a veteran of the Civil war, 
 having enlisted from Indiana, now deceased ; Edwin, also a veteran of the 
 war, now a resident of Oklahoma ; Mary, the deceased wife of Robert Harland ; 
 Benjamin, a veteran of the Civil war, now living at London Mills ; and Lafay- 
 ette and William, who were also in the Union service, now deceased ; Stephen, 
 who was killed during the war ; Jennie, the wife of Scott Snedeker of Dayton, 
 Ohio; Mrs. Beckett; Emma, the wife of William Tyner, of Elk City, Kansas; 
 Amanda, who is the deceased wife of Nelson Kennedy; Alice, also deceased; 
 and Phineas, who lives in Iowa. Mr. Downard was one of the prominent citi- 
 zens of Log^n county, Ohio, where for several years he held the office of 
 county surveyor. Of the marriage of Mr. and Mrs. Beckett there were born 
 three children : Jesse, who is deceased ; Frank, who is living in Knoxville ; and 
 Lysle, the wife of Stephen Smith, formerly of Knoxville but now Palm Beach, 
 Florida, by whom she has had three children, Thomas, Matthew and Stephena. 
 
 Mr. Beckett gave his political support to the Republican party. He was not 
 identified with any religious denomination but always attended the Presbyterian 
 church, of which Mrs. Beckett was a member. The early years of their domestic 
 life they spent in Abingdon, but they subsequently removed to London Mills, 
 where they resided until 1886 when they came to Knoxville, purchasing the resi- 
 dence, which has ever since been the family home. Mrs. Beckett is well known 
 here and has many friends, whose esteem has been won through her many 
 estimable qualities of both heart and mind. . .. , ^. . , 
 
 ; ; V:^. BENJAMIN FRANKLIN SEATON. ' ; 
 
 Benjamin Franklin Seaton came to Galesburg in the evening of life, but 
 while he was never connected with business affairs here he brought with him 
 the record of active and honorable service in business in his earlier years, and 
 during the period of his connection with Galesburg, he won the respect and 
 good-will of all with whom he came in contact. He was born in Port Hope, 
 Ontario, Canada, on the nth of November, 1820, his parents being William 
 and Mary (Adams) Seaton, the latter a cousin of John Quincy Adams, at one 
 time president of the United States. The family is of Scotch descent, and in 
 his life Benjamin F. Seaton displayed many of the sterling characteristics of his 
 
HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY -^ , 253 
 
 Scotch ancestry. His education was acquired in the schools of his native town 
 and in the state of New York, whither he accompanied his parents on their 
 removal to the vicinity of Winchester. Later he went to Massillon, Ohio, and 
 became closely associated with the commercial interests of that place as a whole- 
 sale dealer in furniture. His next change of residence took him to Marion, 
 Iowa, where he engaged in the live-stock business for ten years, and on the 
 expiration of that period established an agricultural implement business. He 
 was not only prominent in the commercial circles of the city, but also as a factor 
 in public life and his fellow townsmen, appreciative of his worth and ability, 
 called him to a number of offices. For five years he served as sheriff of Linn 
 county and was also mayor of Marion for several terms, giving to the city a 
 business-like and progressive administration that resulted in bringing about 
 many needed reforms and improvements. At one time he was superintendent 
 of the waterworks there and his influence was always a potent element for the 
 benefit of the town. In 1903 he came to Galesburg and here made his home with 
 his daughter, Mrs. Norman E. Ives. He spent the last twenty years of his life 
 in retirement and passed away April 27, 1911, at the advanced age of ninety 
 years. For ten years he had survived his wife, who passed away at Marion, 
 Iowa, March 2, 1901. 
 
 It was on the I4th of December, 1852, that Benjamin F. Seaton was united 
 in marriage, in Ashtabula, Ohio, to Miss Ruth M. Hurlburt, who was born in 
 Winchester, Connecticut, July i, 1833. They were both loyal and devoted mem- 
 bers of the Methodist Episcopal church and their well spent lives won for them 
 the high regard and confidence of all who knew them. Mr. Seaton served as a 
 trustee of the church for many years and did all in his power to promote its 
 growth and extend its influence. He voted with the republican party and always 
 kept well informed on the questions and issues of the day. While he came to 
 Galesburg in his later years, he won many friends during the period of his 
 residence here and received the respect and veneration which should always be 
 given one who has traveled far on life's journey and whose record has ever 
 been honorable and upright. 
 
 In the family of Mr. and Mrs. Seaton there were seven children: Carrie E., 
 now deceased ; May G., who became the wife of L. M. Lillis and has also passed 
 away; Anna and Grace, both deceased; Fannie, the wife of Norman E. Ives, 
 of Galesburg ; Frank Hurlburt, deceased ; and Grace Lillian, the wife of Leslie 
 C. Bolton. of Missoula, Montana. 
 
 Of this family Mrs. Ives, to whom we are indebted for the history of her 
 father, was born at Marion, Iowa, and supplemented her public-school educa- 
 tion by a course in Cornell College at Mt. Vernon, that state. On the 9th of 
 September, 1885, she gave her hand in marriage to Norman E. Ives, of Marion, 
 who was born there on the ad of April, 1853, and is a son of Norman and 
 Hannah (Gray) Ives. His father was a native of Connecticut, born July 30, 
 1819, and his mother's birth occurred in Kentucky, October i, 1823. They were 
 married October 12, 1843, in Marion, Iowa, the father, who was a farmer by 
 occupation, having come to the west from Connecticut in 1841, at which time 
 he settled in Linn county, Iowa, where he carried on general agricultural pur-, : 
 suits until his death on the ist of March, 1890. His wife survived him for 
 about twelve years, her death occurring March 23, 1902. Both were members 
 
254 : ' . HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY . 
 
 of the Baptist church, in the work of which they were actively and helpfully 
 interested, Mr. Ives serving as a deacon for several years. He voted with the 
 democratic party and kept well informed on the questions of the day. Unto 
 him and his wife were bom seven children: Lucy A., now the wife of Morgan 
 Bunting, of Marion, Iowa ; Rachel B., who is the wife of John Booth, of Marion ; 
 Mary L., the wife of Joseph Lake, of Marion; Norman E. ; John J., also of 
 Marion; and Isadore and Isabel, twins, both deceased. 
 
 Of this family, Norman E. Ives was educated in the public schools of 
 Marion and after leaving the high school, entered Cornell College at Mt. Ver- 
 non. He studied law and after careful preparation was admitted to the bar. 
 For several years while living in Linn county, he served as deputy sheriff and 
 was also postmaster of Marion under President Cleveland during his first ad- 
 ministration. After filling the office for two years, however, he resigned, and 
 passing a civil service examination, was appointed special pension examiner, 
 filling that office at Cleveland, Ohio, for a time, and later at Fort Wayne, Indiana ; 
 St. Joseph, Missouri ; Springfield, Missouri ; and Chicago, Illinois, where he 
 continued for eight years. He also spent three years in the pension department 
 at Washington, D. C., and in September, 1902, came to Galesburg, where he 
 has since been located. 
 
 Unto Mr. and Mrs. Ives have been born two children : Haroldine C., who 
 is a graduate of Knox College of the class of 1911, married December 14, 1911, 
 to Lewis C. Hazen, of Galesburg, Illinois ; and Norman Seaton, who is now 
 attending high school. Mr. Ives has always been an advocate of democratic 
 principles and is a member of the Baptist church, in which he has served as 
 deacon. Mrs. Ives and her children are members of the First Methodist Episco- 
 pal church. Mr. and Mrs. Ives have been cordially received into the best social 
 circles of the city and wherever known are highly esteemed. Mr. Ives has made 
 a most creditable record as an official of the pension office, his capability being 
 evenly balanced by his loyalty and trustworthiness. 
 
 ^;;^ : . JUDGE ALFRED M. CRAIG. ; -''- 
 
 The life history of Judge Alfred M. Craig forms a connecting link between 
 the primitive past and the progressive present and with the advancing years he 
 ever remained a potent force in the progress that has brought the state to its 
 present position in the galaxy of the nation. Fame came to him and honors were 
 multiplied unto him yet he bore all with becoming modesty. However, he left 
 the impress of his individuality in large measure upon the judicial history of Illi- 
 nois and his activity in business fields as well constituted a factor in the progress 
 and prosperity of Knox county and surrounding districts. His last illness was of 
 short duration and therefore he remained an active factor in the world's work 
 almost to the end, preserving the precious prize of keen mentality to the last. No 
 history of Knox county would be complete without extended reference to Judge 
 Craig who entered actively upon the work of development here when this was 
 still a pioneer region and ever thereafter gave impetus to the labors that made 
 this in time one of the richest sections of the Mississippi valley. 
 
^' 
 
254 HISTORY OF KXOX COUNTY 
 
 of the Baptist church, in the work of which they were actively and helpfully 
 interested, Mr. Ives serving as a deacon for several years. He voted with the 
 democratic party and kept well informed on the questions of the day. Unto 
 him and his wife were born seven children: Lucy A., now the wife of Morgan 
 Bunting, of Clarion, Iowa; Rachel B., who is the wife of John Booth, of Marion; 
 Mary L., the wife of Joseph Lake, of Marion; Norman E. ; John J., also ul 
 Marion ; and Isadore and Isabel, twins, both deceased. 
 
 Of this family, Norman E. Ives was educated in the public schools of 
 Marion and after leaving the high school, entered Cornell College at iNIt. V'er- 
 non. He studied law and after careful preparation was admitted to the bar. 
 For several years while living in Linn county, he served as deputy sheriff and 
 was also postmaster of Marion under President Cleveland during his first ad- 
 ministration. After filling the office for two years, however, he resigned, and 
 passing a civil service examination, was appointed special pension examiner, 
 filling that office at Cleveland, Ohio, for a time, and later at F'ort \\'ayne, Indiana ; 
 St. Joseph. Missouri; Springfield, ^lissouri ; and Chicago, Illinois, where he 
 continued for eight years. He also spent three years in the pension department 
 at \\'ashington, D. C., and in September, 1902, came to Galesburg, where he 
 has since been located. 
 
 Unto Mr. and Mrs. Ives have been born two children: Ilaroldine C., who 
 is a graduate of Kno.x College of the class of 1911, married December 14, 191 1, 
 to Lewis C. Hazen, of Galesburg, Illinois; and Norman Seaton, who is now 
 attending high school. Mr. Ives has always been an advocate of democratic 
 princii)les and is a member of the liajnist church, in which he has served as 
 deacon. Mrs. Ives and her children are members of the First Methodist Ei)isco- 
 pal church. Mr. and Mrs. Ives have been cordially received into the best social 
 circles of the city and wherever known are highly esteemed. ^Ir. Ives has made 
 a most creditable record as an official of the pension office, his capability being 
 evenly balanced by his loyalty and trustworthiness. 
 
 JUDGE ALFRED M. CRAIG. 
 
 The life history of Judge Alfred M. Craig forms a connecting link between . ' 
 the i)rimitive past and the ])rogressive present and xvith the advancing years he ' ., 
 ever remained a potent force in the progress that has brought the state to its , . '. 
 present position in the galaxy of the nation. Fame came to him and honors were ; 
 multi])lied unto him yet he bore all with becoming modesty. However, he left 
 the impress of his individuality in large measure upon the judicial history of Illi- . . :: 
 nois and his activity in business fields as well constituted a factor in the progress 
 and prosperity of Knox county and surrounding districts. His last illness was of 
 short duration and therefore he remained an active factor in the world's work " i 
 almost to the end, preserving the precious prize of keen mentality to the last. No 
 history of Knox county would be complete without extended reference to Judge . 
 
 Craig who entered actively upon the work of development here when this was ' '. . ; 
 still a pioneer region and ever thereafter gave impetus to the labors that made .' . , 
 this in time one of the richest sections of the Mississippi valley. 
 
'V^^-^<A\; X^^^ HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY :. '.fv^' 257 
 
 Mr. Craig was bom in Paris, Edgar county, Illinois, January 15, 1831. The 
 
 ; ;/ family comes of Scotch-Irish ancestry and the grandfather of the Judge was 
 
 : Thomas Craig, who came from the north of Ireland to America, settling 
 
 ; in Pennsylvania where David Craig, the father of the Judge, was bom. Having 
 : arrived at years of maturity he married Minta Ramey, who was a native of Ken- 
 
 .' ; tucky and a daughter of Sinnet Ramey, who was born in Virginia and became 
 
 one of the pioneer residents of Kentucky, associated to some extent with Daniel 
 
 Boone in the work of exploration in what became known as the dark and bloody 
 
 ground. Sinnet Ramey devoted his energies to farming in the Blue Grass state 
 
 for a period and afterward became one of the pioneer settlers of Illinois, taking 
 
 ./ up his abode in Fulton county where he again carried on general agricultural 
 
 pursuits until he passed away when well advanced in years. His daughter Minta 
 
 was his only child. David Craig, however, was one of several children including 
 
 ^ two brothers, James and Joseph Craig. When a young man David Craig re- 
 
 ' moved to Kentucky and it was in that state that he was married. He was a mill- 
 
 '.: . wright and that trade in connection with farming fully occupied his attention 
 
 throughout his life. Like hundreds of other Kentucky citizens who did not de- 
 
 ' pend upon the institution of slavery as a source of revenue he removed from 
 
 V Kentucky to Illinois and for a brief period was a resident of Edgar county, dur- 
 
 - . ing which time his son. Judge Craig, was born. From that district they removed 
 : to the Military tract, settling in Fulton county, near Canton, and David Craig be- 
 
 '.-- came a prosperous fanner as prosperity was rated at that day. As a millwright 
 
 ^ he erected many of the old mills along the Spoon river to provide the flour and 
 feed for the early settlers. It was in 1832, the year of their arrival in Fulton 
 county, that the Black Hawk war broke out and the women and children sought 
 
 '. refuge and protection in a blockhouse pending the settlement of the war while 
 the men of the neighborhood aided in fighting the Indians. The history of David 
 
 ..;. Craig's family was like that of many other pioneer families living on the Illinois 
 frontier. He there died when about sixty-five years of age, having for a few 
 
 .: years survived his wife, who was also sixty-five years of age at the time of her 
 demise. She was a devoted member of the Methodist church and Mr. Craig at- 
 tended its services with her. His political allegiance in an early day was given 
 to the whig party and he was a warm admirer of Henry Qay. In his family were 
 ten children but only one is now living. ; Mrs. Harriet Barnwell, of Los Angeles, 
 California. The others were: Nancy, who became the wife of Perry Crosthwait; 
 . Madison ; Margaret, the wife of Enoch Crosthwait ; Sinnet ; Thomas, who died 
 'v when twelve or fourteen years of age; Alfred M. ; Mrs. J. L. Miller; Mrs. Sarah 
 
 Ash ; and Mrs. Marilda Randolph. 
 
 , . Judge Craig was reared upon his father's farm in Fulton county, meeting 
 . every experience and hardship which fell to the lot of the early settler. His 
 educational privileges were very limited in early youth but later he had the op- 
 portunity of pursuing a course in Knox College, becoming a member of the pre- 
 : paratory class in the fall of 1848, while in June. 1849, he was admitted to the 
 freshman class and in June, 1853, won his degree. Thinking to find the practice 
 of law a congenial profession he began studying with that end in view, his pre- 
 ceptor being William C. Groudy, of Lewiston. A year later he was admitted to 
 practice in the courts of Illinois and opened a law office in Knoxville which was 
 then the county seat. "';. V' '.: ;/; ' ; -' " ''u^v " .; 
 
 ToL n 11 
 
258 HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY .;.. 
 
 > By close application and determination he built up a large practice in a few 
 years' time, riding the circuit as was customary in those days in company with 
 the judge, who held court in various places in the circuit. Lincoln, Douglas and 
 scores of other pioneer lawyers of Illinois visited Knox county in this manner 
 and were acquaintances and colleagues of Judge Craig, who frequently related 
 most interesting experiences of those early days. It was not unusual for him to 
 make the trip on horseback and on reaching Spoon river he would have to swim 
 that stream astride his mount. In 1856 he was appointed state's attorney by 
 Governor Mattison, the circuit then comprising the counties of Mercer, Hender- 
 son, Warren, Knox and Fulton. This appointment was for the unexpired term 
 caused by the resignation of W. C. Goudy and in November, i86i, he was elected 
 to the office of county judge, serving on the bench for four years. In 1869 he 
 was elected to represent Knox county in the constitutional convention of 1870 
 which formulated the present organic law of the state. It was he who devised 
 the present township organization plan whereby counties are governed by a com- 
 bination of the old Virginia system and the New England town-meeting system, 
 providing for a board of supervisors as the legislative body. Throughout the 
 years of his private practice his clientage was large and of a very important char- 
 acter. He was employed to assist the late J. J. Tunnicliff, then state's attorney, 
 in the prosecution of Osborn who was tried for the murder of Mrs. Mathews 
 near Yates City, the trial resulting in conviction leading to the only reported legal 
 execution in Knox county. He was also one of the lawyers for the defendant in 
 the case of DeHague in a political murder case which was brought to Knox 
 county on a change of venue and secured the acquittal of his client. He was like- 
 wise counsel in the county seat trials and such was his recognized ability that his 
 practice not only covered Knox but also many adjoining counties. Many judicial 
 honors were also conferred upon him in fact he filled every judicial office in the 
 state with the exception of circuit judge, nor was his fame confined to Illinois 
 for he was favorably mentioned in connection with the position of chief justice 
 of the United States in 1888, President Cleveland considering him as a candidate 
 for the honor which was finally conferred upon Melville W. Fuller. At different 
 times he was also mentioned in connection with the democratic nomination for 
 the vice presidency. However, he continued in the strict path of his profession 
 and the record which he made as one of the supreme court judges of Illinois made 
 him the peer of the ablest members who have sat upon the bench of this court of 
 last resort. . . ; -.i:: ;,-.-: v ,;;-.'...- I'"'.;- /,; 
 
 Judge Craig was first elected to the office in 1873 and was again elected in 
 1882 and 1891, his reelections coming to him as the expression of popular ap- 
 proval of his previous course as supreme court judge. From the time that he took 
 his seat on the bench until he left it he was known for his fidelity to the interests 
 of the people. In several of his decisions he rendered not only the people of Illi- 
 nois but the nation as well a conspicuous service. His decision in the case of the 
 people of the state of Illinois against the Wabash, St. Louis & Pacific Railroad 
 Company was particularly notable. At that time the Granger element was a 
 strong one in the state and the fanners were complaining of the discrimination in 
 railroad rates. The case in question came in 1882 from Ford county, resulting 
 from a railroad charge of sixty-five dollars for the shipment of a carload of grain 
 from Gilman to New York, whereas the charge on a carload froni Peoria to New 
 
: '^-'>|'v:--::::r;^;':^ \KrHISTORY OF KN :-^\^v'"\ 259 
 
 -''':'<.'*''-'-'."'"' --':"' '" ;"^>.'";'r 
 
 ' York, a longer distance, was but thirty-nine dollars. In the trial the railroad com- 
 
 : pany demurred on the ground that the law did not apply to it as it was incor- 
 
 ;; porated in another state and Illinois had no jurisdiction over the rates. The 
 
 question came before the supreme court on a writ of error and it fell to Justice 
 
 Craig to write the clear and forceful opinion that gave him national fame. In 
 ": this opinion, in which all but one of the judges concurred, it was set forth that the 
 
 law did apply to rate fixed by companies incorporated outside the state but doing 
 
 business over their lines in that state. The law was held not to be limited to 
 
 home companies but to all with whom the people had relations inside Illinois. 
 ; Judge Craig laid down the principle that a state has the right to regulate that part 
 
 of interstate commerce directly affecting its citizens. The case was taken by the 
 , railroad company to the United States supreme court where Judge Craig's deci- 
 
 sion was upheld and the rule was firmly established that a state has power over the 
 
 ':"': traffic inside of its borders even though carried on by an outside corporation. 
 
 .. This important principle has since then been expanded to cover other than rail- 
 
 ; road companies. In the discussions in congress over the amendments to the in- 
 
 terstate commerce bill much was said of this decision and its bearing on commerce 
 ; inside states and on the decision of the United States supreme court the right of 
 
 congress in the premises found substantial footing. Another noted case was that 
 
 .^'^ of the Illinois Central Railroad Company in 1898 against the city of Chicago. At 
 
 ; . that time Chicago was trying to prevent the railroad company from using the 
 
 submerged land of the lake for railroad purposes. The company sought to en- 
 
 join the city from interfering, claiming its right to the submerged land under the 
 
 . provisions of its charter. The lower court overruled the application for an in- 
 
 . junction and the company appealed to the supreme court. Justice Craig wrote 
 
 -.; the opinion, holding that the submerged land belonged to the state and that the 
 
 \' state could not part with it for the purpose named but must conserve the inter- 
 
 ests of the public. Justice Craig maintained that the sole purpose of the company 
 
 was to take the land for railroad purposes and that it had no right even as a 
 ;: riparian owner to fill up the lake. This great decision saved the lake for Chicago 
 
 and kept it from being filled with roundhouses and other railroad structures and 
 
 its announcement was hailed in Chicago with great pleasure. On this decision 
 ' also rests the investigation now in progress with the view of restoring to the state 
 
 filled-in lands taken by private persons without the knowledge or consent of the 
 
 V state. Judge Craig made a special study of land titles about which in those days 
 
 there was much ambiguity, and his decisions along this line rerhoved these doubts 
 
 ' ; and established ownership, much to the relief of thousands of property owners 
 
 : in this state. Moreover, in one of his decisions he upset the contention of com- 
 
 '. panies that employes were responsible for defects in equipment and machinery 
 
 4 and that it was their business to ascertain whether these defects existed. Judge 
 
 Craig held that it was the business of the companies to know about the condition 
 
 '; of their equipment and keep the same in good repair. This decision has been the 
 
 . . means of protecting multitudes of lives and has made companies responsible for 
 
 '.; damages in such cases. Judge Craig held railroad companies responsible for ob- 
 
 - struction along the right-of-way that were a menace to the public ; forced them to 
 ; give viaducts a proper height and to provide necessary precautions to protect life; 
 
 and in other ways while not hostile to the companies made them shoulder their 
 .. responsibility in these matters. Another thing that is remembered here kindly is 
 
260 HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY ' ^'/ k: 
 
 his attitude toward the case in which was involved the rights of colored pupils 
 to attend the public schools. In this case he upheld this right. j -. 
 
 The last public work in which Judge Craig engaged was in connection with 
 the state tax commission appointed by the governor. His business career was as 
 notable in this way as its connection with the supreme court of the state which 
 covered twenty-seven years. At the outset of his carer he was a poor man but 
 as opp)ortunity offered he made investments in farm land, predicting that the 
 prairies of this section would one day be worth two hundred dollars per acre ^a 
 prediction which he lived to see realized. He was also the owner of large realty " 
 in Galesburg and erected a number of its leading business blocks. The present 
 Bank of Galesburg building was purchased by him for the bank and for a con- 
 siderable period he figured prominently in financial circles in this state, being at 
 the time of his death president of the Bank of Galesburg, the Bank of Altona, 
 the Farmers State Bank of Alpha, the Bank of North Henderson and the Bank 
 of Prairie City, the two last named being private banking institutions. He has 
 also been a director and heavily interested in the Farmers National Bank of 
 Knoxville and the State Bank of Victoria. Those who have been associated with 
 him in the local banks speak highly of his sound judgment in matters of a finan- 
 cial nature. ... >':-::' v^^;/ ;;?.' 
 
 Judge Craig was twice married. He first wedded Elizabeth P. Harvey, a 
 daughter of Curtis K. and Hannah K. (King) Harvey. They became 
 parents of four children: Carrie, who married William Bradford but 
 both are now deceased ; Harvey A., now a physician of Galesburg, who was en- 
 gaged in the drug business here for a number of years ; Charles C., a well known 
 attorney of this city ; and George H., deceased. He was a graduate of Notre 
 Dame University of South Bend, Indiana, and then entered the banking business 
 and became teller in the Bank of Galesburg. The death of Mrs. Craig occurred in 
 1901 and therein the Presbyterian church lost a faithful member, her family a de- 
 voted wife and mother, and her acquaintances a loyal friend. She was born in 
 Knoxville, while her parents were natives of Vermont who became pioneer resi- 
 dents of Knox county, Illinois, where their remaining days were passed, her father 
 there practicing law. Their children were : Curtis K. ; Mrs. Sanborn ; and Eliza- 
 beth, who became Mrs. Craig. Judge Craig was again married in 1908 when he 
 wedded Miss Mary Davis, a native of Galesburg where her parents, who were 
 natives of Ireland, settled at an early period in the development of this city. Her 
 father passed away but her mother is still living. Their children were Mary, Kate 
 and Ellen. Mrs. Craig is a member of the Episcopal church and is widely known , 
 in Galesburg, where her entire life has been passed. 
 
 Judge Craig was a charter member of Pacific Lodge, A. F. & A. M.. of Knox- 
 ville, but cared little for attractions other than his home offered. For ten or 
 twelve years he served as a trustee of Knox College and at the time of his death 
 was also serving on the executive committee of the board. From that college he .; 
 had received the degree of Doctor of Laws. It was after a brief illness with 
 pneumonia that Judge Craig passed away at his home in Galesburg, September 6, 
 1911. Throughout the period of his long service on the supreme bench he had > 
 continued to make this city his place of residence and there was none perhaps in 
 all Galesburg who was better known or more highly respected. The public ser- 
 vice of few men has continued over a more extended period and none has been 
 more faultless in manner, fearless in conduct or stainless in reputation. Colonel 
 
^^ :^:;v; : ;: ; ' HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY '-l'-^- 261 
 
 Clark E. Carr, himself a veteran member of the Galesburg bar and long a col- 
 league of Judge Craig said : "I knew him when he was a boy in Knox College. 
 He was an earnest student and it was understood then that he intended to be- 
 come a lawyer. He was, as every good lawyer is, rooted and grounded in the 
 statutes. He was not what would be called a brilliant lawyer but was thorough 
 and safe and no other Galesburg attorney was so successful in practice. As a 
 member of the constitutional convention he proposed and carried into effect some 
 of its best provisions. While there were other more scholarly men on the su- 
 preme bench scarcely any other jurist has left a greater impress upon their juris- 
 prudence, and the opinions of scarcely any other judge are more often quoted 
 and followed. Three times, although a democrat, he was elected in a republican 
 district. When an enterprise commended itself to his judgment few men were 
 more public-spirited, a fact indicated by his liberal donation of ten thousand dol- 
 lars to Knox College when that institution needed money more than ever before 
 in all her history." 
 
 Judge J. D. Welsh said: "Judge Craig was noted for applying common sense 
 to the legal problems that came before the court and was a great judge." Said 
 Congressman Prince : "Judge Craig as a lawyer of the bar in Knox county was 
 one of the most successful men that ever practiced here. As a judge on the su- 
 preme bench he took rank among the ablest judges in the United States. His 
 decisions on real estate ranked unusually high and were commented on in the law 
 schools like Harvard and Columbia. When there was a vacancy on the supreme 
 bench of the United States his name was given careful and long consideration by 
 President Cleveland before Chief Justice Fuller was appointed. The mere fact 
 that the name of a judge or lawyer is considered by the executive of the nation for 
 the exalted position of chief justice puts for all time such a judge or lawyer in 
 the front rank of jurists." Others bore testimony of his fairness in business 
 transaction, naming him as the soul of honor, and still others attested to his kind- 
 ness to the younger members of the bar. In fact in all the relations of life Judge 
 Craig measured up to the highest standards of manhood and citizenship in the 
 wise and able use which he made of his time and talents, in his recognition of his 
 obligations to his fellowmen and of his duties as a citizen in his relations to the 
 state and nation. . , . . _ 
 
 , REV. GEORGE PRESTOX DOUBLEDAY. :;:>";; ^^^;^ 
 
 Rev. George Preston Doubleday, whose labors have been a potent factor in 
 the moral and educational development of Knox county, is now serving as 
 president of Corpus Christi College at Galesburg. His birth occurred in Pieter- 
 . maritzburg. Natal, South Africa, on the 23d of June, 1869, his parents being 
 George and Mary (Curry) Doubleday, who were natives of England and Ire- 
 land respectively. The father . passed away in London, in 1902, when sixty-two 
 . years of age. His wife also lived to attain the age of sixty-two, being called to 
 . her final rest in 1897. Both were faithful communicants of the Catholic church. 
 ' Their children were five in number, as follows: Rev. Arthur Doubleday, repJgr 
 of the seminary in Guildford, England; Rev. George Preston, of this review; 
 
262 HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY ^^ 7 ; ; 
 
 Charles Edward, living in London, England; Mary, a nun in Streatham, Lon- /'';.:' 
 don; and one who died in infancy. -.. ; .; ; ;; ^:;i^:,J' :;'. ;;,^>:>^/y 
 
 Rev. George P. Doubleday was two years of age when 'taken to England by 
 his parents, who settled in Canterbury, where he received his common and 
 classical education. In 1889 he entered the Order of Charity at Wadhurst, 
 England, where he studied for three years, later spending five and a half years . ' 
 at Domodossola, Italy, in preparation for the priesthood. In November, 1898, 
 he was ordained at Novara, Italy, and on the 24th of December of the same 
 year arrived in America, making his way direct to Galesburg, Illinois. Here 
 he acted as assistant to Rev. Father Costa for two years and then became pastor 
 of St. Patrick's church, thus officiating for seven years. On the expiration of 
 that period he became president of Corpus Christi College and has remained in 
 that capacity to the present time. The institution has an attendance of one 
 hundred and three boys, who are under the instruction of four professors, 
 namely: Rev. Doubleday, Rev. John Phelan, Rev. James Lyons and Rev. Francis ' 
 
 Baines. , .-.->.; . 
 
 -.V n;7 CHARLES F. HURBURGH. ^ ' 
 
 Charles F. Hurburgh, state senator from Knox county and recognized as one / 
 of those who is close to the present administration, in an effort to secure the 
 passage of meritorious measures and prevent the corruption and graft which ^ 
 have been entirely too prominent in the political history of the state, was born . 
 January lo, 1872, in Smaland, Sweden, a son of Gustav and Susanna (Johnson) "' 
 Hurburgh, the latter a daughter of Yngakarin Johnson. The father died in 
 Sweden in 1885, at the age of fifty-five years, and the mother passed away in 
 1909, when nearly seventy years of age. There were two children in the family 
 but the elder, a sister, died in infancy. Charles F. Hurburgh was a little lad of 
 four years when, owing to the illness of his mother, he went to live with his 
 uncle, A. J. Johnson, who was born in Sweden, November i8, 1842, and came . 
 to America in 1868. He first located in Plymouth, Indiana, and in 1873 he mar- 
 ried Mrs. Louisa Christina Anderson, the widow of Swan Anderson. She also 
 bore the maiden name of Anderson and was born in Sweden, May 18, 1830, a 
 daughter of Samuel and Analine (Hansen) Anderson. She came to the new 
 world when twenty-four years of age, making her way to Laporte, Indiana, . 
 where she lived until her marriage. Mr. and Mrs. Johnson established their . 
 home in Knox county and his energies were devoted to farming up to the time 
 of his death, which occurred about 1907. His widow still resides upon the 
 home farm. Her only child was David Anderson, who was born February 8, 
 1875, and is now a farmer of Walnut Grove township. He married Hannah 
 Linderholm. a daughter of John and Hedda Linderholm, her father a merchant 
 of Galesburg. ;.: o -^ . ^ // '''-.^'^"V'^.'^ '.../':. '..I ^' .'^-'^r'v-;'-'i-' 
 
 Spending his youthful days in the home of his uncle, Mr. Johnson, Charles 
 F. Hurburgh, whose Swedish name was Frederick Carl Hurburgh but who 
 adopted the simpler American name of Charles F. pursued his education in the 
 district schools and afterward in the Swedish Lutheran school. He also at- ; 
 
262 HISTORY OF KXOX COUNTY 
 
 Charles luhvard, living in London. England; Mary, a nun in Streatham, Lon- 
 don ; and one who died in infancy. 
 
 Rev. (ieorge I'. Doubleday was two years of age when "taken to England by 
 his parents, who settled in Canterbury, where he received his common and 
 classical education. In iXS'9 he entered the Order of Charity at Wadhurst, 
 England, where he studied for three years, later spending five and a half years 
 at Domodossola, Italy, in i)reparation for the priesthood. In November, 1898, 
 he was ordained at Xovara, Italy, and on the 24th of December of the same 
 year arrived in America, making his way direct to (lalesburg, Illinois. Here 
 he acted as assistant to Rev. l-'ather Costa for two years and then became pastor 
 of St. I'atrick's church, thus officiating for .seven years. On the exi)iration of 
 that i)eriod he became i)resident of Corjius Christi College and has remained in 
 that cai)acity to the ])resent time. The institution has an attendance of one 
 hundred and three boys, who are under the instruction of four professors, 
 namely: Rev. Doubleday. Rev. juhii I'helan, Rev. James Lyons and Rev. Francis 
 TJaines. 
 
 ': Cll. \KLKS \'. IIL'klU'UCill. ; ., 
 
 Charles !'. llurburgh. state senator from Knox county and recognized as one 
 of those who is close to the present administration, in an effort to secure the 
 passage of mcritcjrious measures and prevent the corruption and graft which 
 have been entirely too prominent in the i)olitical history of the state, was born 
 [anuary lO, 1872, in Smaland, S\veden, a son of (justav and Susanna (Johnson) 
 llurburgh. the latter a daughter of ^ ngakarin Johnson. The father died in 
 Sweden in iXS5, at the age of fifty-five years, and the mother passed away in 
 i(jO9, when nearly seventy years of age. 'I'here \vere tuo children in the family 
 but the elder, a sister, died in infancy. C'harles !'. llurburgh was a little lad of 
 four years \vlien, owing to tlie illness of his mother, he went to live with his 
 uncle, A. J. Johnson, who was born in Sweden, .November iX. 1842, and came 
 to America in iXOS. lie first located in I'lymouth, Indiana, and in 1873 he mar- 
 ried Mrs. Louisa Christina Anderson, the widow of .S\van Anderson. She also 
 bore the maiden name of .\nderson and was born in Sweden, May ;8, 1830, a 
 daughter of Samuel and Analine (llaiiseii) Anderson. She came to the new 
 world when twenty-four years of age, making her way to Laporte, Indiana, 
 where she lived uiilil her marriage. Mr. and Mrs. Johnson established their 
 home in Knox county and his energies were devoted to farming up to the time 
 of his death, which occurred alxjut iix)7. Mis widow still resides upon the 
 home farm, ller only child was David Anderson, who was born I'ebruary 8, 
 1875, and is now a farmer of \\'alinu drove townshi]). lie married Hannah 
 Linderholm. a daughter of John and I ledda Linderholm, her father a merchant 
 of (lalesburg. , . : ' 1. . 
 
 S])en(ling his youthful days in the home of his uncle, Mr. Johnson, Charles 
 V. llurburgh. whose Swedish name was I'rederick Carl llurburgh but who 
 ado])ted the simi)ler American name of Charles !'. pursued his education in tlic 
 district schools and afterward in the Swedish Lutheran school. He also at- 
 
I ; -:;^ .: HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY . :k:^'.- 265 
 
 tended the high school of Altona, from which he was graduated, and for a time 
 was a student in the Abingdon normal school, in which he completed a course 
 in 1892. He afterward entered Knox College and is numbered among its alumni 
 of 1895. Taking up the profession of teaching, he was principal of the Maquon 
 school from 1895 until igoo. During that period he took up the study of law 
 in Galesburg, devoting his leisure hours to the mastery of the principles of 
 jurisprudence. All through his boyhood days he had worked when opportunity 
 offered and had thus largely supplied the means for meeting the expenses of 
 his education. At different times he worked at farm labor in the home neigh- 
 borhood and assisted in threshing until an accident finally prevented his further 
 work in that direction. His entire life has been one of unfaltering activity and 
 his intelligently directed labors have constituted forceful factors in the accom- 
 plishment of what he has undertaken. In 1900 he withdrew from educational 
 work to accept the position of deputy sheriff under R. G. Mathews and after 
 two years' service in that capacity was elected sheriff of Knox county, which 
 position he filled until 1906, when he was elected to the state senate. 
 
 Charles F. Hurburgh has made an excellent record as one of the Illinois legis- 
 lators. He found the senate in the grip of a powerful combine and united with 
 other men of high principles holding to high ideals of government to break the 
 force of this combine and wrest the state from machine rule. History records 
 the success of their efforts and indorsement of his course was given him in his 
 reelection. When he entered upon his second term he was recognized as one 
 of the senate leaders and all through the regular and special session was in close 
 association with the' governor in urging the passage of meritorious measures. 
 His efforts were an effective force in promoting the passage of the two-cent- 
 passenger-fare bill and he was made chairman of the committee on appropria- 
 tions, one of the most important of the senate, doing much to keep the demands 
 made upon the state treasury within the limit. His work on that committee dis- 
 closed his large grasp of details and his broad understanding of a multitude of 
 situations which came up for discussion. When the facts developed regarding 
 the scandal attached to the election of a United States senator Mr. Hurburgh, 
 who had respected the vote of his district on the senatorship, was one of the 
 foremost in the senate to urge an investigation and as the result of his position 
 and that of a number of his colleagues a committee was named that brought 
 out many facts relating to the case and helped purge the legislature. In all this 
 he disclosed himself a foe to graft. 
 
 In his home town of Galesburg and throughout the county, where he is very 
 widely known, Mr. Hurburgh is popular. He is a member of the Trinity Luth- 
 eran church and his influence is always on the side of progress, reform and im- 
 provement. As a republican leader in Illinois he is today prominently before 
 the state and his fellow citizens are strongly urging his candidacy for governor. 
 In a recent meeting held in Galesburg the following resolutions were unani- 
 mously passed : . . 
 
 We, citizens and residents of Galesburg and of Knox county, friends and 
 neighbors of Charles F. Hurburgh, one of our leading citizens, distinguished 
 member of the state senate of Illinois, having noted with a great deal of pride 
 the favorable comment upon the announcement of his candidacy for the repub- 
 lican nomination for the governorship at the April primaries. Resolve that. 
 
266 ; ^ HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY .VV-^::-:: 
 
 ;' Whereas, Charles F. Hurburgh has grown up among us and in all his life 
 has walked on the high plane of good citizenship, never swerving from right 
 conduct, actuated by lofty motives, and has been untiring in his efforts to pro- 
 mote the material and moral welfare of this city and county in all its enterprises, 
 and has been a public-spirited citizen whose aid has always been freely given 
 to worthy undertakings ; and, ;;..'.;:; ' I , .'.''" 
 
 Whereas, both as county officer and state senator he has by his wisdom and 
 courageous course reflected honor upon himself and credit upon the city and 
 county and district ; and, 
 
 ..: Whereas, while a member of the senate, Charles F. Hurburgh has been one 
 of the chief supporters and advocates on the people's side of legislative ques- 
 tions, always a foe to the spoils and to corrupt practices of all kinds, and in 
 general always identified with all that is best in legislation ; and. 
 
 Whereas, he has shown himself in all his official acts a true believer in pro- 
 gressivism in the sense that progressivism means the doing away with special 
 privilege, the defeat and extinction of spoils politics, the conservation and de- 
 velopment of natural resources and the restoration to the people of the essential 
 powers of governm'^nt ; 
 
 .. Therefore, Be It Resolved, that as citizens vitally interested in the future 
 welfare of this city and community and of this state, we hereby express the 
 utmost confidence in Charles F. Hurburgh as a candidate for governor of Illi- 
 nois and recommend his candidacy to the people of the state; that we aid his 
 candidacy in every possible way and tender him our heartiest support in his 
 efforts to secure the nomination at the primaries and to this end we pledge our 
 loyal and active support and resolve that we will individually exhaust every hon- 
 orable means to bring about the nomination and election of Charles F. Hurburgh 
 as governor of Illinois. iv ':<,- .: > : t'^/^ ' ; 'v 
 
 Whether elected to office or not, there is no question in the minds of his 
 friends that Charles F. Hurburgh will ever stand, as he does today, for clean 
 government and for the exercise of party strength in behalf of the entire people 
 and not for the benefit of a coterie of politicians. : V: ' 
 
 >';';^-. : JOSHUA R. CROUCH. o^-.: : ': 
 
 The late Joshua R. Crouch, who for sixteen years prior to his death had 
 followed the brick-mason's trade in Knox county, was born in Rising Sun, 
 Indiana, on the 7th of April, 1828. His parents were Nehemiah and Mary 
 (Clark) Crouch, the father a native of Pennsylvania and the mother of Rising 
 Sun. The former passed away when our subject was a child of two years, but 
 the mother lived to attain the venerable age of eighty-three years, spending her 
 entire life in her native town. Of the marriage of Mr. and Mrs. Crouch there 
 were born two sons, both of whom are now deceased. The younger was Nathaniel 
 C., who fought in the Indian wars with General Custer. 
 
 Joshua R. Crouch attended the common schools of his native town until he 
 had mastered the common branches and then began working at the mason's 
 trade, first in Rising Sun and later in Covington, Kentucky. He continued to 
 
::. :.'r-y^;-: ; ; :V ' HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY - - ' 267 
 
 follow this occupation until the Civil war broke out, when he offered his services 
 to his country. He enlisted at Lawrenceburg, Indiana, in Company C, Eighty- 
 third Indiana Volunteer Infantry, and spent the three succeeding years on the 
 battlefields of the south. He took part in many of the notable battles and was 
 present at the siege of Vicksburg and was with Sherman when he made his 
 famous march. He was mustered out at Washington, D. C., and returning to 
 Rising Sun he joined a party of gold seekers, who were going to California. In 
 1892 Mr. Crouch with his wife and family came to Rio, this county, where for 
 nine years he followed his trade and also did general contracting. At the ex- 
 piration of that time they became residents of Knoxville, purchasing the prop- 
 erty still owned and occupied by Mrs. Crouch. Here he continued to engage in 
 brick masonry until the week before his death, which occurred on the i6th of 
 August, 1908. ''.':\"'- .\^:: ./.''-':':': '^ "'\.:-.7- " 
 
 Mr. Crouch was married in Switzerland county, Indiana, on the 27th of 
 August, 1873, to Miss Mary J. Wilson, a native of that county, her birth having 
 occurred on the 8th of July, 1843. She is a daughter of Alfred and Jane 
 (Monroe) Wilson, the father a native of Kentucky, and the mother of Indiana. 
 Mr. Wilson was an agriculturist and for many years engaged in farming in 
 Switzerland county, and he also ran a flatboat from Lawrenceburg to New 
 Orleans, conveying produce to the various markets along the Ohio and Missis- 
 sippi rivers. Later he and his family, consisting of his wife and two daughters, 
 removed to Kansas, where the parents both died, their last days being spent in 
 Hutchinson, that state. They had each reached the age of seventy-four years 
 at the time of their demise. Their other daughter, Mrs. Maggie Geary, has for 
 many years been a resident of Hutchinson, Kansas. Unto Mr. and Mrs. Crouch 
 there were born three daughters and one son. Maggie, who is the eldest, mar- 
 ried James S. Hemphill, of Rising Sun, and they have two children, Joseph and 
 Mills. Clara is the wife of La Verne Bloomfield, of Galesburg, and they have 
 two children, Verna and Leona. Bessie married Clifton Weedin, a blacksmith 
 of Burns, Missouri, and they have five children, Lyman, Nina, Flora, Joshua 
 and Marion. Nathaniel W., who is the youngest of the family, resides in Knox- 
 ville and makes his home with his mother. 
 
 Mr. Crouch was an honored member of the Grand Army of the Republic, 
 having joined the post at Rising Sun after leaving the army, while at the time 
 of his death he belonged to the one at Knoxville. His political allegiance he 
 accorded to the republican party and in matters of faith he was a Methodist, 
 holding membership in the church at Knoxville, with which his widow is still 
 identified. 
 
 3,;: /-. : "''''>''': LUCIEN F. SENNETT. ' ^ / ;..':;;; :^' ' ' 
 
 Lucien F. Sennett, superintendent and headmaster of St. Alban's School 
 at Knoxville, was born in Syracuse, New York, August 6, 1868, a son of Lucien 
 and Elizabeth (Frank) Sennett. The father's birth occurred near Syracuse, 
 while the mother was born in Schenectady, New York. The Sennett family comes 
 of Irish lineage, the first American ancestors leaving Dublin preparatory to 
 
268 HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY 
 
 emigrating to the new world, and at a very early period the family was founded 
 at Syracuse, New York, where the death of Lucien Sennett occurred in 1869. 
 His widow still survives and now makes her home in Knoxville with her 
 son Lucien. 
 
 Professor Sennett of this review was only about a year old at the time of 
 his father's demise. He spent his youthful days with his mother, who care- 
 fully reared him and stimulated in him that love of learning which has been 
 the foundation for the successful work he has done as an educator. His youth- 
 ful days were spent in Auburn, New York, where he pursued his education until 
 graduated from the high school of that city. He afterward attended Trinity 
 College of Hartford, Connecticut, and was graduated therefrom with the class 
 of 1889, winning the degree of Bachelor of Arts, while three years later the Master 
 of Arts degree was conferred upon him by his alma mater. Determining to devote 
 his life to educational work, he became master of St. Mark's School near Boston, 
 Massachusetts, where he did excellent work for nine years. He then accepted a 
 position at the head of the Pomfret School in Pomfret, Connecticut, where the 
 succeeding four years were passed, after which he went to Lake Forest, Illinois, 
 and was connected with the academy at that place for two years. On coming to 
 Knoxville he accepted the position of superintendent and headmaster of St. 
 Alban's School and under his guidance the institution has made continuous and 
 substantial progress, promoting its standards of teaching and of scholarship. 
 Professor Sennett holds to high ideals in his work and is never content until he 
 has accomplished the task to which he has set himself. He belongs to two college 
 fraternities, the Phi Beta Kappa and the Alpha Delta Phi, and is a member of the 
 Episcopal church. 
 
 v': '/'v--' ; . JOHN B. 
 
 When the history of Galesburg and her prominent men shall have been written 
 its pages will bear no name better known than that of Colton, which has long 
 been a potent factor in the activities and resultant prosperity of the city. It is 
 not only compatible, but absolutely imperative, that mention be made of the Colton 
 family if a true history to commemorate and perpetuate the lives of those men 
 whose records have been intimately connected with the growth of Galesburg is to 
 be made. He whose name introduces this review is today the eldest descendant 
 of the family which has left its impress upon the progress and civilization of 
 two states. I- -' V :-. 
 
 He was born August ii, 1831, in the state of Maine. Quarter Master George 
 Colton, who was the first of the family to settle in America, emigrated from Sut- 
 ton, Coldfield, Fngland, about 1640, settling at Long Meadow, Massachusetts. 
 The family was especially prominent during the Revolutionary war, and Captain 
 Thomas Colton, a son of George Colton, had previously been very active in the 
 Indian wars. Since 1714 the name of Colton has frequently occurred in the civil 
 list of representatives in the town of Long Meadow and in the Massachusetts 
 legislature. The family traces its lineage from Quarter Master George Colton 
 through the eldest sons down to the present time as follows : Quarter -Master 
 
268 HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY 
 
 emigrating to the new world, and at a very early period the family was founded 
 at Syracuse. Xew York, wlicre the death of Lucien Sennett occurred in 1869. 
 His widow still survives and now makes her home in Knoxville with her 
 son Lucien. 
 
 Professor Sennett of this review was only about a year old at the time of 
 his father's demise. He spent his youthful days with his mother, who care- 
 fully reared him and stimulated in him that love of learning which has been 
 the foundation for the successful work he has done as an educator. His j'outli- 
 ful days were spent in Auburn. Xew York, where he ])ursued his education until 
 graduated from the high school of that city. He afterward attended Trinity 
 College of llartfor<I. Connecticut, and was graduated therefrom with the class 
 of i8{^9. winning the degree of llachelor of Arts, while three years later the Master 
 of Arts degree was conferred upon him by his alma mater. Determining to devote 
 his life to educational work, he became master of St. Mark's School near Uoston, 
 Massachusetts, where he did excellent work for nine years. I le then accepted a 
 position at the head of the I'omfret School in I'omfret. Connecticut, where the 
 succeeding four years were passed, after which he went to Lake Forest. Illinois, 
 and was connected with the academy at that ])lace for two years. On coming to 
 Knoxville he accepted the position of superintendent and headmaster of St. 
 Alban's School and under his guidance the institution has made continuous and 
 substantial ])rogress. i)romoting its standards of teaching and of scholarship. 
 Professor Sennett holds to high ideals in his work and is never content until he 
 has accomi)lished the task to which he has set himself. I le belongs to two college 
 fraternities, the I 'hi Ucta Kajipa and the Alpha Delta I 'hi. and is a member of the 
 K])iscoi)al church. 
 
 .; ; ;; JOIIX 15. COLTOX. ' . ' 
 
 When the history of Galesburg and her prominent men shall have been written 
 its pages will bear no name better known than that of Colton, which has long 
 been a potent factor in the activities and resultant prosperity of the city. It is 
 not only compatible, but absolutely imperative, that mention be made of the Colton 
 family if a true history to commemorate and perpetuate the lives of those men 
 whose records have been intimately connected with the growth of Galesburg is to 
 be made. He whose name introduces this review is today the eldest descendant 
 of the family which has left its impress upon the progress and civilization of 
 two states. 
 
 He was born August ii. 1^31, in the state of Maine. Quarter Master George 
 Colton, who was the first of the family to settle in America, emigrated from Sut- 
 ton. Coldtield. England, about 1640. settling at Long Meadow, Massachusetts. 
 The family was especially i)rominent during the Revolutionary war. and Captain 
 Thomas Colton, a son of George Colton. had previously been very active in the 
 Indian wars. Since 1714 the name of Colton has fre(|uently occurred in the civil 
 list of rei)resentatives in the town of Long Meadow and in the Massachusetts 
 legislature. The family traces its lineage from Quarter Master George Colton 
 through the eldest sons <lown to the present time as follows: Quarter Master 
 
' ' ' - ^ HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY -' 271 
 
 George, Captain Simon, Captain Gad, Justin, Chauncey Sill, and John Burt, who 
 is the subject of this sketch. 
 
 On the prairies of Knox county, John B. Colton was reared to manhood un- 
 der the parental roof. He acquired such education as the common schools and 
 academy afforded, but his interest was always in the pioneer life, which was ever 
 present before him. When a mere boy, he would lie in the high grass along the 
 little creek which then ran through what is now the public square and always held 
 his bow and arrow ready to shoot the deer or wolf that came across the prairie 
 at sunset. At the age of eighteen years, after he had completed his education and 
 while the spirit of adventure was still strong within him, he joined a train of 
 '49ers, setting out for California. He spent five years in the camps in that state 
 and on the trails in search for adventure and gold. His reminiscences of those 
 days if they could be reproduced minutely would of themselves give a valuable 
 account of the interesting experiences that the pioneers encountered in those 
 early days on the frontier. He became personally acquainted with many 
 of the most prominent western characters, such as Kit Carson, Jim Baker, and 
 Jim Bridger, the latter of whom he was a personal friend. He assisted in build- 
 ing a monument to him at Kansas City and was one of his friends to exhume his 
 body on December 4, 1904, when they removed the remains from the grave near 
 Dallas, Missouri. At the present time, Mr. Colton has in hif possession several 
 small pieces of the old casket in which his friend was buried. Mr. J. B. Colton 
 is one of the four surviving members of a party of thirty-six who undertook to 
 shorten their journey to the mines by crossing the desert country between Little 
 Salt Lake to the head of the San Joaquin valley. They were lost for three 
 months, fifty-two days of which they were without provisions except their 
 starved cattle and going at times five days without water, undergoing great suf- 
 fering, four of the party died in the desert ; they discovered Death Valley and 
 arrived at a ranch on the Pacific coast, February 4, 1850. He returned to Gales- 
 burg in 1854 and was still residing here when the Civil war broke out. He 
 assisted General Harding in raising the Eighty-third Regiment of Illinois In- 
 fantry and was an officer in this regiment. Later he was on the staff of General 
 Grant. Although later in life he resided in Kansas City for several years, he has 
 always maintained his interest in Illinios politically and otherwise. He is an ex- 
 tensive property owner of the state of Nebraska and his ranch is one of the most 
 highly cultivated in the state. He is at present residing on North Broad street, 
 Galesburg, Illinois, where he is surrounded by the comforts and luxuries which 
 are the fitting rewards of the useful and industrious life which he has led. 
 
 Mr. Colton has been twice married. His first union occurred in Chicago, 
 where he was married on the 3Oth of March, 1857, to ^liss Flizabeth McClure, 
 whose birth occurred in Philadelphia on the i6th of September, 1835. To this 
 union two children were born, both of whom are now deceased, Chauncey Mc- 
 Clure and Flizabeth. The mother's death occurred in Galesburg on the iQth of 
 January, i86i. "Col." Colton was again married on the ist of December, 1868. 
 at Galesburg, his second union being with Miss Mary A. Thomas, who was bom 
 May 8, 1849, ^t Homer, New York. To this union three children were born, 
 John B., Jr., Chauncey S. and Fdward T. 
 
 A resident of Galesburg through much of the time during a period of over 
 
272 - HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY :;:'!> 
 
 seventy-five years, his fellow townsmen have come to know him as a man of 
 honor and worth and give him that tribute of respect and admiration which the 
 world instinctively pays to him who uses his talents for the benefit of the com- 
 munity as well as for individual gain. 
 
 :;:;:;':: FRED L. REFD. ,;": ; :/x- 
 
 Fred L. Reed, a member of the firm of E. S. Willard & Company, with 
 which he has been connected since 1910, was born in Knoxville, this county, on 
 1876. He is the eldest son of William and Mary A. (Heagy) Reed, the father 
 a native of Monmouth, Illinois, and the mother of this county. In his early 
 manhood, William Reed came to Knoxville and opened a meat market, which he 
 successfully conducted for some years. He was living at Monmouth at the 
 time of his death, however, which occurred when he was forty-two years of 
 age. Of the marriage of Mr. and Mrs. Reed there were born three children, 
 two sons and one daughter. The latter, Eva V., died at the age of four years, 
 and the other son, William, is a resident of Boise City, Idaho. 
 
 Knox county has always been the home of Fred L. Reed, who received his 
 education in the public schools of Knoxville, terminating his student days upon 
 his graduation from the high school. He subsequently turned his attention to 
 agricultural pursuits, taking a position on a farm in Copley township. When he 
 had become familiar with the practical methods of plowing, sowing and caring 
 for the crops, as well as the other tasks connected with general farming, he 
 purchased some land, which he operated on his own behalf. He continued to 
 follow this occupation until 1910, and being a man of practical ideas and pro- 
 gressive methods he prospered in his undertakings. In the latter year he dis- 
 posed of his farm, deciding that he preferred commercial to agricultural pur- 
 suits and, coming to Williamsfield, he bought the interest of the late E. T. 
 Merry in the firm of E. S. Willard & Company. Financially this has proven 
 to be a very successful undertaking, as the business has increased in a most 
 gratifying manner during the two years he has been connected with it, and is 
 steadily developing. This is the only company of furniture dealers in the town, 
 and they also have a very good assortment of crockery, hardware, wall paper, 
 musical instruments and carpets. Besides their varied stock, of house furnish- 
 ings, they have an undertaking department, which is unquestionably equal or 
 superior to any maintained by a town of similar size in the state. They are lo- 
 cated on Main street and have a very attractive store, every department of which 
 is fiourishing. They have an unusually good assortment of merchandise for a 
 town of this size, which they offer at reasonable prices, the quality of their 
 wares in every instance being fully commensurate with the amount charged. 
 , For his wife Mr. Reed chose Miss Doris A. Harmison and unto them has 
 been born one child, Harold S. 
 
 Mr. and Mrs. Reed both hold membership in the Methodist Episcopal church, 
 and fraternally he is affiliated with the Independent Order of Odd Fellows and 
 
HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY 
 
 273 
 
 the Modern Woodmen of America, while his political support he gives to the 
 republican party. As he has spent his entire life in Knox county Mr. Reed is 
 widely known in the vicinity of Williamsfield, where he has a large circle of 
 friends who accord him the esteem and respect his honorable business methods 
 well merit.;. ,./'-^\ :'...>:' ^': :-,"' ''.v';'-^' 'X.;. 'v..^.? '^-. ''':'-'"." 
 
 .-, ?-;^^'i: .;.' ' :. ^ ':::[!,,;' V-^^-' N. E. OLSON, -...-^.vv- ?;,, ; , . '. ::-.^,;:;-^ :::;.';':- 
 
 N. E. Olson is the owner of a valuable farm of eighty acres on section 22, 
 Galesburg township, the rich prairie land of central Illinois returning to him 
 a substantial income for the care and labor which he bestows upon the fields. 
 He has resided in this county continuously for more than a third of a century 
 and during that period has become widely known as a representative of agri- 
 cultural interests here. He was born in Broby, in the southern part of Sweden, 
 November 7, 1857, his parents being Ola and Kama (Benson) Nelson, both of 
 whom were natives of Sweden. The father was a farmer and brewer and built 
 the first brewery in Sweden outside of the large cities. He devoted some time 
 to general agricultural pursuits but brewing was his principal occupation and . 
 he continued in business at Broby up to the time of his death. He was well 
 educated in music and was a man of liberal culture as well of good business 
 ability. His widow still lives in Sweden and has now reached the advanced 
 age of eighty-two years. 
 
 N. E. Olson was the eldest of a family of three children and in the acquire- 
 ment of his education attended the common and high schools of his native 
 town, after which he took up the profession of teaching but was also employed 
 by an uncle in business there. At the age of nineteen years, however, he bade 
 adieu to friends and native country and sailed for the new world, making his 
 way at once to Knox county. He arrived in Galesburg in 1877 and afterward 
 went to Alexis, Illinois, but soon returned to Knox county where he has since 
 lived. For five years he was connected with a second-hand store in Galesburg 
 and then embarked in business on his own account, conducting a house-furnish- 
 ing-goods establishment in which he continued until 1897. At length he with- 
 drew from commercial pursuits to turn his attention to general agricultural 
 pursuits and purchased his present farm of eighty acres, which is situated on 
 section 22, Galesburg township. The land is unusually rich and productive, 
 and the progressive methods which he follows in its cultivation enables him to 
 annually gather substantial harvests. In addition to general fanning he is en- 
 gaged in feeding hogs and thus adds in considerable measure to his income. 
 
 In February, 1889, Mr. Olson was united in marriage to Miss Helen Behrin- 
 ger, a daughter of Michael Behringer, and they have two children, Edna and 
 Florence, the former a pupil of Knox College. Mr. Olson is a republican in 
 his political views and keeps well informed on the questions and issues of the 
 day but has never sought nor desired public office. He has served, however, 
 as school clerk of his district and is a stalwart champion of a high standard of 
 education. He belongs to the Masonic fraternity in Galesburg and finds pleas- 
 
274 ':..'., HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY . AV 
 
 ant relations with his brethren of the craft. He has always lived a busy, active 
 and useful life and his energy, determination and honorable dealing have been 
 the basic elements of success which has crowned his efforts. 
 
 . /;;;^;;:\ , CHARLES A. WHITE. :';;-t.; 
 
 '..'-..:';. -; V; VV', : ' -. ' '""'"[.' 
 
 , :- Charles A. White, who has been engaged in the real-estate and insurance 
 business at Galesburg since 1890, has built up an extensive clientage in these 
 : connections. His birth occurred in Greenville, Illinois, on the 26th of February, 
 
 " 1860, his parents being Richard and Nancy (McAdow) White, both of whom 
 I were natives of Bond county, Illinois. The paternal grandfather, Wesley White, 
 : was bom in North Carolina and became an early settler of Bond county, Illinois; 
 
 He was an agriculturist by occupation and lived to attain the age of about eighty- 
 seven years. He was three times married and reared a large family of children. 
 Judge Samuel McAdow, the maternal grandfather of our subject, served at 
 . . one time as county judge of Bond county. He was a native of North Carolina, 
 . - followed farming as a life work and lived to attain a ripe old age. His wife, 
 I : who bore the maiden name of Paisley, died when still a comparatively young 
 woman. To them were born four daughters and two sons, namely: John, 
 William, Emily, Elizabeth, Lucy and Nancy. 
 
 ; Richard White, the father of Charles A. White, was a contractor and builder 
 
 on an extensive scale. He erected the courthouse at Greenville, where his de- 
 mise occurred in 1886, when he had attained the age of fifty years and five 
 months. His first wife died when our subject was but two years of age, and 
 ,' for his second wife he chose Miss America Moss, by whom he had four chil- 
 dren, as follows: Anna, who married a Mr. Kelly; Frank; Sarah; and Elsie. 
 
 Charles A. White was reared on a farm at Elm Point, Bond county, Illinois, 
 
 and obtained his early education in, the country schools. Subsequently he at- 
 
 :' tended the public schools at Newton, Kansas, and later pursued a course of 
 
 -v study in a business college at Keokuk, Iowa. After putting aside his text-books 
 
 , he started out as an agriculturist on his own account, following farming near 
 
 Greenville, Bond county, until 1882, when he removed to Newton, Kansas. In 
 
 ; . 1890 he came to Galesburg and embarked in the real-estate and insurance busi- 
 
 : ness, in which he has been successfully engaged to the present time, enjoying a 
 
 large clientage. He has thoroughly informed himself concerning realty values 
 
 and its appreciation or diminution in price and is thus enabled to assist his 
 
 clients in making judicious investments and profitable sales. . He owns farm 
 
 lands in Morgan county, Missouri. 
 
 '; On the 2Oth of October, 1886, Mr. White was united in marriage to Miss 
 
 Keziah McCulla, a native of Cincinnati and a daughter of Thomas and Mary 
 
 (Abemathy) McCulla. The father passed away at Birmingham, Missouri, 
 
 when about seventy-five years of age, but the mother is still living at the age of 
 
 \ / eighty-six and makes her home in Greenville, Illinois. They were the parents 
 
 , of four daughters and one son, as follows: Lillian, Harriet, Addie, Keziah and 
 
 . J Thomas A. Mr. and Mrs. White had four children, namely: Edna B., Ruby 
 
4-VJ vr : HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY : 275 
 
 M., Frances and one who died in infancy. The family residence is at No. 752 
 North Cherry street. 
 
 In politics Mr. White is a republican, while his religious faith is indicated 
 by his membership in the Presbyterian church, to which his wife and daughters 
 all belong. Fraternally he is identified with the Masons, belonging to Vesper 
 Lodge, No. 584, A. F. & A. M. ; also Council No. i, at Knoxville; and Gales- 
 burg Chapter, No. 46, R. A. M. He is likewise a member of the Court of Honor 
 and the Illinois Commercial Men's Association. He is alert and enterprising, 
 possessing the progressive spirit of the times and accomplishing in business cir- 
 cles what he undertakes, while his geniality and deference for the opinions of 
 others have made his circle of friends almost coextensive with the circle of his 
 acquaintances. 
 
 : ^ ; : ; DANIEL JUDSON GRISWOLD, D. D. s. ;;; j ;:<:>; 
 
 Dentistry may be said to be almost unique among occupations, as it is at 
 once a profession, a trade and a business. Such being the case, it follows that 
 in order to attain the highest success in it one must be thoroughly conversant 
 with the theory of the art, must be expert with the many tools and appliances 
 incidental to the practice of modern dentistry and must possess business quali- 
 fications adequate to dealing with the financial side of the profession. In all 
 of these particulars Dr. Griswold is well qualified and therefore has attained 
 prestige among the able representatives of dentistry in Galesburg, where he has 
 practiced for the past seventeen years. His birth occurred in Jasper county, 
 Indiana, on the agth of September, 1865, his parents being Ames A. and Eliza- 
 beth (Adams) Griswold, who are natives of Vermont and Indiana resi>ectively. 
 The paternal grandfather was also born in the Green Mountain state and was a 
 gentleman of English descent. He died when past middle life, while his wife 
 lived to attain the age of about seventy years. Their children were four in 
 number, namely : Ames A. ; Abner ; Mrs. Letitia Hall ; and Abbie, the wife of 
 Charles Long. The maternal grandfather of our subject was an agriculturist 
 by occupation and both he and his wife passed away in Jasper county, Indiana, 
 at an old age. Their children were as follows : William, Joseph, Marion, Henry, 
 Mrs. Ann Hoover, Mrs. Milton Beal and Mrs. Elizabeth Griswold. 
 
 Ames A. Griswold, the father of Daniel J. Griswold, was successfully identi- 
 fied with farming interests throughout practically his entire business career. He 
 became an early settler of Marshall county, Illinois, and there resided for many 
 years or until the time of his retirement, when he removed to Washburn, Illinois, 
 where he now makes his home. In 1852 he made an overland trip to California 
 and engaged in mining for a short time. Both he and his wife are Baptists in 
 religious faith. Unto them were born twelve children, eight of whom still 
 survive, namely: Ida, who is the widow of Thomas Lee Goodell and resides 
 in Washburn, Illinois; Marcia, the wife of J. W. Rains, of Minnesota; Lillie, 
 the wife of A. L. Kuhn, of Chicago; Daniel Judson, of this review; Florence, 
 who gave her hand in marriage to L. L. Hester and now lives near Minonk, 
 Illinois ; Delia, who is the wife of Basil Tustin and lives near Washburn, Illinois ; 
 
276 . HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY ::' 
 
 Nora Bell, who is the wife of Byron Stitt, of El Paso, Illinois ; and Cora Bell, 
 twin sister of Nora Bell, who is the wife of George Stauter and lives near 
 Washbum, Illinois. 
 
 Dr. Daniel J. Griswold was reared on his father's farm in Marshall county, 
 Illinois, and obtained his early education in the district schools. He was gradu- 
 ated from the Washburn high school in 1885 and subsequently spent almost 
 four years in Knox College, while later he prepared for the practice of his 
 chosen profession by a three-years' course in the Philadelphia Dental College, 
 being graduated from that institution in 1894. On the igth of March of that 
 year he opened an office at Galesburg, which city has since remained the scene 
 of his professional labors and where he has been accorded an extensive and 
 remunerative practice. Dr. Griswold has extensive property holdings, owning 
 one thousand acres of land in the province of Alberta, Canada ; farm lands in 
 Finney county, Kansas ; and also property in Lee and Van Buren counties, 
 Iowa ; Meade county. South Dakota ; Otsego county, Michigan ; and lola, Kan- 
 sas, as well as a house and lot in Galesburg. He likewise owns fruit land in 
 Colorado and has mining interests in Gilpin county, that state. 
 
 On the I2th of September, 1899, ^^- Griswold was united in marriage to 
 Miss Grace Agnes Ballard, a native of La Crosse, Wisconsin, and a daughter 
 of Dr. J. A. and Henrietta (Sutor) Ballard, who were born in Maine and 
 Canada respectively. They became early settlers of La Crosse, Wisconsin, and 
 are now residents of Galesburg. Dr. J. A. Ballard served as a soldier of the 
 Civil war. Dr. and Mrs. Griswold had three children : John Ballard, who died 
 in infancy ; Frederick Anthony, who passed away at the age of two years ; and 
 William Ballard. 
 
 In his political views Dr. Griswold is a republican, while fraternally he is 
 identified with the Independent Order of Odd Fellows, belonging to Veritas 
 Lodge, No. 478 ; he also holds membership in the Galesburg Club and the Young 
 n Men's Christian Association. Both he and his wife are devoted and consistent 
 members of the Central Congregational church. His personal characteristics 
 render him popular with many friends and he is much esteemed in social and 
 professional circles of Galesburg. , ' .:; 
 
 ; ; AUGUST WERNER BERGGREN. . ; 
 
 The name of August Werner Berggren is closely interwoven with the history 
 ; ; of the industrial, commercial and financial enterprise in Galesburg and also with 
 the political history of county and state, for he has been called to various posi- 
 tions of public honor and trust. At the present time, however, (1912) he is 
 N living retired, having with the incoming of the twentieth century given up all 
 ; active business associations save for the supervision of his interests in property 
 > and investments. He was born August 17, 1840, in Amots Bruk, Ockelbo Socken, 
 Sweden, his parents being Johan and Karin (Hanson) Berggren. The father 
 .V was the third in a family of six children whose parents were Jan and Stina (Per- 
 son) Larson, who were married in 1787. The latter was a daughter of Anders 
 and Maria (Hanson) Person and they were married in 1759. Johan Berggren 
 
276 HISTORY OF KXOX COUNTY . 
 
 Nora Bell, who is the wife of Byron Stitt. of El Paso, Illinois; and Cora Bell, 
 twin sister of Nora Bell, who is the wife of George Stauter and lives near 
 Washburn, Illinois. . . 
 
 Dr. Daniel J. Griswold was reared on his father's farm in IMarshall county, 
 Illinois, and obtained his early education in the district schools. He was gradu- 
 ated from the Washburn high school in 1885 and subsequently spent almost 
 four years in Knox College, while later he prepared for the practice of his 
 chosen profession by a three-years' course in the Philadelphia Dental College, 
 being graduated from that institution in 1894. On the iQth of March of that 
 year he opened an office at Galesburg, which city has since remained the scene 
 of his professional labors and where he has been accorded an extensive and 
 remunerative practice. Dr. Griswold has extensive property holdings, owning 
 one thousand acres of land in the province of Alberta, Canada ; farm lands in 
 Finney county, Kansas ; and also property in Lee and \'an Buren counties, 
 Iowa ; Meade county. South Dakota ; Otsego county, Michigan ; and lola, Kan- 
 sas, as well as a house and lot in Galesburg. He likewise owns fruit land in 
 Colorado and has mining interests in Gilpin county, that state. 
 
 On the 1 2th of September, 1899, ^^- Griswold was united in marriage to 
 Miss Grace Agnes Ballard, a native of La Crosse, Wisconsin, and a daughter 
 of Dr. J. A. and Henrietta (Sutor) Ballard, who were born in Maine and 
 Canada respectively. They became early settlers of La Crosse, Wisconsin, and 
 are now residents of Galesburg. Dr. J. A. Ballard served as a soldier of the 
 Civil war. Dr. and Mrs. Griswold had three children : John Ballard, who died 
 in infancy; Frederick Anthony, who passed away at the age of two years; and 
 William r.allanl. 
 
 In his political views Dr. Griswold is a republican, while fraternally he is 
 identified with the Independent Order of Odd Fellows, belonging to \'eritas 
 Lodge, No. 478 ; he also holds membership in the Galesburg Club and the Young 
 Men's Christian Association. Both he and his wife are devoted and consistent 
 members of the Central Congregational church. His personal characteristics 
 render him popular with many friends and he is much esteemed in social and 
 professional circles of Galesburg. ' . ' . 
 
 . V AUGUST WERNER BERGGRFN. . 
 
 The name of August Werner Berggren is closely interwoven with the history 
 of the industrial, commercial and financial enterprise in Galesburg and also with 
 the political history of county and state, for he has been called to various posi- 
 tions of public honor and trust. At the pre.sent time, however, (1912) he is 
 living retired, having with the incoming of the twentieth century given up all 
 active business associations save for the supervision of his interests in property 
 and investments. He was bom .\ugust 17, 1840, in .\mots Bruk, Ockelbo Socken, 
 Sweden, his parents being Johan and Karin (Hanson) Berggren. The father 
 was the third in a family of six children whose parents were Jan and Stina (Per- 
 son) Larson, who were married in 1787. The latter was a daughter of Anders 
 and Maria (Hanson) Person and they were married in 1759. Johan Berggren 
 
;--^-xy:'-- HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY : V: 279 
 
 was bom in 1793 and he and two of his brothers adopted the surname of Berg- 
 gren, which he afterward bore. It was in 1828 that he wedded Karin Hanson, 
 who was bom in 1800. He was a self-educated man and won his way to success 
 by his shrewdness and native ability. He read broadly but learned his most valu- 
 able lessons in the school of experience. At different times he held minor offices 
 and looked after cases in court, also administered estates and did other public 
 service of similar character. For thirteen years he operated a flouring mill and 
 afterward purchased a farm, on which he resided until he emigrated to America 
 in 1856. His death occurred February i, 1863, while his wife passed away in 
 Sweden, February 24, 1845. 
 
 August W. Berggren was a pupil in the village schools of Sweden until four- 
 teen years of age, during which time he lived on the home farm. He also later 
 attended the public schools of Galesburg for a short time, when not employed at 
 his trade. In his fourteenth year, he was apprenticed in his native land to learn 
 the tailor's trade, the contract, drawn by his father, providing that for the first 
 three years he should work for his master without remuneration and for the 
 fourth year he was to receive thirty-five riksdaler and for the fifth forty riks- 
 daler, each coin of that denomination being equal to about twenty-seven cents in 
 American money. His father was also to fumish the cloth for the tailor to make 
 the apprentice's clothing. In case of the death of the boy during the first year of 
 his apprenticeship, the father should pay the tailor fifteen riksdaler, and when 
 Johan Berggren decided to emigrate to this country he was obliged to pay the 
 master tailor fifty riksdaler for the release of his son. 
 
 The family home was established in Knox county, and at Victoria August W. 
 Berggren first found employment in the tailoring establishment of Jonas Hall-'^ 
 Strom at eight dollars per month, in addition to which he was to receive his board 
 and laundry for a year. In 1857 he came to Galesburg, where he followed his 
 trade as opportunity offered and in 1860 he went to Monmouth, Warren county, 
 where he was employed by Captain Denman, a merchant tailor of that place. Be- 
 fore the close of the war he returned to Galesburg and became a solicitor of life 
 insurance. During that period he devoted considerable attention to music, play--, 
 ing the violin and acting as leader of string bands in both Galesburg and Mon- 
 mouth and arranging the music for these bands. For many years after the war 
 his time and energies were largely devoted to public service and eventually he 
 became closely associated with the important business interests of Knox county 
 as an investor in the Galesburg Stoneware Company, the National Perefoyd 
 Company, the Galesburg Paving Brick Company, the Galesburg National Bank, 
 the Bank of Galesburg and the firm of Berggren & Lundeen, which was suc- 
 ceeded by the J. A. Lundeen Company and still later by the Berggren Clothing 
 Company. In 1884 he was one of the petitioners for the charter of the Gales- 
 burg National Bank and has since been a member of its directory, while for sev- 
 eral years he has served as its vice president, in which connection he still con- 
 tinues. r'ViV- / ' .t 
 
 Mr. Berggren's military experience had its beginning at the first call for vol- 
 unteers to put down the Rebellion, at which time he went to Knoxville and joined 
 the Swedish company commanded by Captain Holmberg. Two companies were 
 there one composed of Americans, the other Swedes and the former was mus- 
 tered into the service, while the latter was disbanded. He then went back to 
 Tci n 1 
 
280 HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY V.'; > 
 
 Monmouth, where he remained until returning to Galesburg in 1864. It was five 
 years later that he was elected justice of the peace and while serving in that office 
 he was appointed one of the supervisors for the city. His efficiency and fidelity in 
 each position which he filled recommended him for other official service. In 1872 
 he received the republican nomination and was elected sheriff of the county, to 
 which office he was reelected in 1874, 1876 and 1878. In 1880, while still the in- 
 cumbent in that position, he was nominated and elected senator from the twenty- 
 second district, composed of Knox and Mercer counties. Four years later he 
 was reelected from the new district composed of Knox and Fulton counties, and 
 when the senate was organized in 1887 he was chosen president p'ro tempore of 
 that body. On the ist of May, 1889, there came to him the appointment of war- 
 den of the Illinois state penitentiary at Joliet, which position he resigned in 
 March, 1891, to take active supervision of the Covenant Mutual Life Association 
 of Illinois, with principal offices in Galesburg. He had been president of the 
 company from its organization and during the last three years prior to its con- 
 solidation with the Northwestern Masonic Association of Chicago, W. H. Smol- 
 linger served as its president, with Mr. Berggren as treasurer of the association. 
 On the 8th of March, 1866, at Knoxville, Illinois, Mr. Berggren was 'married 
 to Miss Christina Anderson, a' daughter of Olof and Brita Anderson, who with 
 six of their seven children emigrated to this country in 1854, joining the Bishop 
 Hill colony. Mr. and Mrs. Berggren became the parents of six children: Capi- 
 tola Maud, the wife of the Rev. Franklin E. Jeffery ; Guy Werner, who married 
 Minnie Flanders of New York; Ralph Augustus, who was run over by a train 
 of cars and killed in 1887; and Qaus Eugene, a bachelor. Jay Valentine, who 
 married Bessie Sears, and Earl Hugo, who married Margaret Newton, all of 
 Chicago. . '- -' ; : I . ^ - ~ > J ' 
 
 : In politics Mr. Berggren has always been a republican and was for a long -v . ': 
 period a recognized leader in the ranks of his party in this county. He is an 
 Odd Fellow and a Mason, having joined the former order in 1868 and the latter 
 in 1869. He is now affiliated with the several Masonic bodies in Galesburg and . 
 in the Odd Fellows society has taken a very active interest, filling every office in ; ' - 
 the subordinate bodies and the principal offices of the grand lodge. He was 
 grand master and presided over the deliberations of the grand lodge at Danville, 
 Illinois, in 1880, and represented the grand lodge in the sovereign grand lodge at '': 
 Baltimore, Maryland, in 1885. Through his influence the First Scandinavian 
 Lodge, No. 446, of Galesburg, was organized in 1871. It was the first Odd Fel- 
 lows lodge in the world composed exclusively of Scandinavians, as its name indi- 
 cates. Mr. Berggren has also been a member of the Galesburg Club from an ' 
 early period in its existence. He was confirmed in the Lutheran church in 
 Sweden the year in which he emigrated to America and since coming to this :. 
 country has affiliated with the Swedish Methodist church, in the work of which 
 he has taken an active and helpful interest. He served as a lay delegate to the 
 general conference of the Methodist Episcopal church in Cincinnati, Ohio, in :," 
 
 1880. ;.-^..; --.;:;.:.:, v:-:.:.:.x:...,v:::v,;4^' '"' ' 
 
 Mr. Berggren has also been interested in educational matters and has on dif- / - 
 
 ferent occasions contributed liberally to Knox College when calls for aid have f . - 
 
 been urgent. , 
 ; Thus his interests and activities have been broad and varied, his influence 
 
 being always found on the side of progress, reform, improvement and advance- ' 
 
C \;:' ; r: V; V : HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY ^:^ V - 
 
 ment. In business his well formulated plans have brought him success, and his 
 energy and determination have carried him into important relations, enabling him 
 at length to put aside all business cares and enter upon a well earned rest. His 
 official record, too, is most commendable, for over the record there falls no 
 shadow of wrong or suspicion of evil. All through his life he has been actuated 
 by high and honorable purposes and his labors, whether for the benefit of himself 
 or for the community, have been fruitful of good results. 
 
 :'>.,^ :';.--:;v:'.;:\,.:,;.y:'..A'^;; MARCUS T. PERRIN.^ ;A:; .,. .'::'/':;-;"/-;:> 
 
 . ; ' -' Marcus T. Perrin is a self-made man who as the architect of his own for- 
 tunes has builded wisely and well. His record is another proof of the fact that 
 it is only under the stimulus of necessity and of opposition that the best and 
 
 : strongest in men is brought out and developed. From the age of sixteen years 
 
 - he has been dependent upon his own resources and his advancement marks the 
 wise use of his time, talents and opportunities. He was born in Southbridge, 
 
 , Massachusetts, June 29, 1832, a son of Horace and Theresa (Richardson) 
 
 . Perrin, both of whom were natives of Massachusetts, the father engaging in 
 
 business in Lee, that state, as a woolen manufacturer. He continued in that 
 
 connection with the business circles of Lee until his death and his wife passed 
 
 - away in the same city, in August, 1890. Horace Perrin had given his early 
 political allegiance to the democratic party but when Lincoln and Douglas be- 
 
 - came candidates for the presidency he supported the former and was ever 
 >' afterward a stanch republican. He held membership with the Independent 
 
 . Order of Odd Fellows and both he and his wife were members of the Congre- 
 ; gational church. They had but two children, the younger being a daughter, 
 / Lucinda Josephine, who is now the widow of Manson P. Shaler and resides in 
 Lee, Massachusetts. ^^ ;>^ '^^ ' 
 
 Marcus T. Perrin pursued his education in the district schools and in the 
 Lee Academy, which he attended for one term. At the age of sixteen years he 
 was apprenticed to a woolen manufacturer for a term of three years and followed 
 ; that business until twenty-two years of age, when he came west to Illinois, travel- 
 ing by rail to Rock Island, which was the terminus of the line and thence walk-- 
 ing to Mercer county. He made his way to the home of an aunt about twelve 
 miles east of Keithsburg, Illinois, but after a brief time left there and entered 
 the employ of George W. Brown as a traveling salesman, spending five years 
 '' upon the road. He next began farming in Warren county, where he carried 
 on agricultural pursuits for six years, after which he sold his land and in the 
 , - winter of 1871 engaged in dealing in corn. He was for a time connected with 
 a corn-planter works and for a period of six years was identified with a bank 
 .. in Creston, Iowa. On the expiration of that period he returned to Galesburg, 
 /; where he was superintendent of the corn-planter works for several years, after 
 .: which he was elected to the presidency of the company and continued as its 
 . chief executive head until his retirement from active business in 1904. 
 
 On the 27th of June, 1858, Mr. Perrin wedded Miss Elizabeth A. Brown, a 
 .daughter of George W. and Maria (Terpening) Brown, of Galesburg, who 
 
282 ; HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY :^( V ;( 
 
 were natives of Saratoga county, New York, where they were reared and 
 married. The father was a carpenter by trade and in 1833 made his way west- 
 ward, settling in Warren county, Illinois, about seven miles from Galesburg, 
 when the entire district was largely a wild and undeveloped region. He at once 
 began the occupation of farming and later followed carpentering. Realizing 
 the necessity of improved farm machinery, he called his inventive genius into 
 play with the result that his skill and ingenuity brought forth a corn planter 
 which he began to manufacture in Galesburg. The new machine filled a much 
 felt want and he continued in its manufacture until five or six years prior to 
 his death, when he retired. His life -work was of value to the community as 
 well as a source of profit to himself. It greatly facilitated the work of the 
 farmer and his manufactory in Galesburg furnished employment to many work- 
 men. He also figured prominently in many public connections, serving for one 
 term as mayor of Galesburg. His political allegiance was given to the republican 
 party and he was ever loyal and unfaltering in his devotion to its principles. 
 Both he and his wife were lifelong members of the Methodist Episcopal church 
 and he served on the official board of stewards for about half a century. He 
 died on the 5th of June, 1895, a man honored and respected wherever known 
 and most of all where he was best known. His life was indeed of worth to the 
 community in which he lived, as a factor in its material, political, social and 
 moral progress. He made wise use of his time and opportunities and of his 
 native talents and his well directed energies brought to him the material reward 
 of his labor and the respect of his fellowmen as well. His daughter, Mrs. 
 Perrin, was born March 21, 1839, in Warren county, and by her marriage be- 
 came the mother of four children: George, who died April i, 1901, at the age 
 of forty years ; Arthur E., of Chicago ; Myra Theresa, the wife of Clarence A. 
 Hurlburt, of Galesburg; and Genevieve Josephine, the wife of Herbert A. Smith, 
 of this city. Both Mr. and Mrs. Perrin hold membership in the Methodist 
 Episcopal church, in the work of which he has taken an active and helpful part, 
 serving for many years on the board of stewards and cooperating in all of the 
 projects to promote the growth and extend the influence of the church. His 
 political indorsement is given to the republican party. A well spent life has 
 brought him the merited reward of labor and the respect and good-will of his 
 fellowmen. 
 
 ;;-^;-'';; HERBERT ARNOLD SMITH. ; ;,v 
 
 Herbert Arnold Smith, who has remained a resident of Galesburg from his 
 birth to the present time, is well known as an extensive dealer in lands and also 
 devotes considerable attention to the insurance business. His natal day was 
 August 12, 1871, his parents being Hiram C. and Harriet (Arnold) Smith, both 
 of whom were natives of the state of New York. The paternal grandfather 
 was likewise born in the Empire state and both he and his wife lived to a ripe 
 old age. They reared a large family of children, including John, William and 
 Hiram C. . . . . 
 
'^^v :,;:::-:; HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY ;:: ^ 283 
 
 ' : ^ - The last named, who became the father of our subject, was reared in New 
 ; York and took up his abode among the early settlers of Galesburg, Illinois. 
 
 Here he was successfully engaged in the nursery business for a number of years 
 or until his health failed. Subsequently he served as constable for about twenty 
 
 ":-' years. His demise occurred at Galesburg in 1905, when he had reached the age 
 
 of seventy-nine years. His widow still survives and is now seventy-five years 
 
 . old. In religious faith she is a Methodist. Her children were three in number, 
 
 ! namely : Minnie L., a Latin teacher in the Galesburg high school ; Herbert A., 
 
 . ; of this review; and Lillian, who died in infancy. 
 
 ; '; . Herbert Arnold Smith was reared in the city of his nativity and completed 
 
 V,' the high-school course by graduation in 1889. He then worked in the offices of 
 
 ..: the Chicago, Burlington & Quincy Railroad Company and subsequently secured 
 
 a position as stenogfrapher in the law offices of Williams, Lawrence & Bancroft. 
 
 In 1893 he embarked in the real-estate business in partnership with his uncle, 
 
 Seymour Arnold, the relationship being maintained for two years. For the 
 
 past sixteen years, however, he has been in business alone, handling large land 
 deals in the Saskatchewan country of Canada, where he also owns several farms. 
 
 . He is a stockholder and director in the Hope Abbey Mausoleum and likewise 
 , a director in the Fidelity Savings & Loan Association. In all of his business 
 affairs his judgment is sound, his sagacity keen and his enterprise unfaltering. 
 On the 8th of December, 1903, Mr. Smith was united in marriage to Miss 
 Genevieve Perrin, a native of Galesburg and a daughter of Marcus T. and Eliza- 
 beth (Brown) Perrin, who were born in Connecticut and Illinois respectively. 
 '. They have remained residents of Galesburg since their marriage, which was 
 here celebrated fifty-three years ago. Mr. Perrin was connected with the corn- 
 
 planter works conducted by G. W. Brown until the business was closed out. 
 : To him and his wife were born six children, four of whom reached mature 
 
 years, namely : George, who passed away in 1902 ; Arthur ; Myra ; and Genevieve. 
 The maternal grandparents of Mrs. Smith were George W. and Maria (Tur- 
 
 - pening) Brown. Our subject and his wife have one daughter, Harriet Eliza- 
 ' . beth. The family residence is at No. 474 North Academy street. 
 
 Mr. Smith gives his political allegiance to the republican party, believing that 
 
 : its principles are most conducive to good government. Both he and his wife 
 
 :. are devoted and consistent members of the Methodist Episcopal church. He 
 
 . likewise belongs to- the Country Club and is a director in the Galesburg Club. 
 
 In the city where they have spent their entire lives both Mr. and Mrs. Smith 
 are well and favorably known, the circle of their friends being coextensive with 
 
 ; the circle of their acquaintances. 
 
 ::-'>:: .;;;:.;.."; JOSEPH GROSS. .'C ; - ^''^'I'^H'-' 
 
 During the thirteen years of his residence in Galesburg, Joseph Gross has 
 won recognition as a resourceful and enterprising business man and his manu- 
 facturing interests have constituted an important element in the commercial 
 activity of the city. As a member of the firm of Gross Brothers he is now 
 conducting a successful overall manufactory which was established in 1901. 
 
284 . HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY 
 
 He has wisely used his time and opportunities and the splendid business con- 
 cern which he has built up is a monument to his labors, his enterprise and his 
 ability. He was bom in Russia, March i6, 1866, a son of Isaac and Rachel 
 Gross. As a boy he came to the United States, first settling in Omaha, Nebraska. 
 He started in business by making a house to house canvass as a peddler in the 
 sale of merchandise at Creston, Iowa, and in 1892 he opened a second-hand 
 store in Creston. Four years later, in 1896, he established a branch business 
 at Burlington and in 1898 sold out in Creston. In that year he removed from 
 Burlington to Galesburg, disposing of his business in the former city to his 
 brother, and in this city he established a retail general merchandise store, which 
 he conducted successfully for about three years. In February, 1901, he began 
 the manufacture of overalls on the second floor of the building on East Main 
 street, where he continued for a year. Then in order to secure more com- 
 modious quarters he removed to the third floor of a building, where 
 he continued for five years or until the 1st of June, 1906, when he came to his 
 present location at the corner of Mulberry and Seminary streets. He erected 
 the building here a four-story structure, sixty-six by one hundred and twenty 
 feet, having thirty-one thousand, six hundred and eighty square feet of floor 
 space. Something of the rapid and gratifying growth of the business is indi- 
 cated in the fact that while he at first employed only ten people, he now has 
 one hundred and seventy-five names on the pay roll. The plant is thoroughly 
 equipped with modern machinery and independent motors and the business 
 is represented on the road by seven traveling salesmen who cover the territory 
 of Illinois, Indiana, Michigan, Wisconsin, Minnesota, North and South Dakota, 
 Iowa, Oklahoma and Kansas. The output is now very extensive, being shipped 
 to nearly all of the middle west states, and the business has assumed propor- 
 tions which make it one of the most important productive industries of the city. 
 On the 20th of October, 1901, Mr. Gross was united in marriage to Miss 
 Libby Oppenheim, a daughter of Max and Yetta Oppenheim, of Peoria, Illi- 
 nois. Mr. Gross holds to the religious faith of the Jewish church and in politics 
 is an independent voter. He belongs to the Benevolent Protective Order of 
 Elks and to the Galesburg Club and is well known in the city socially as well as 
 in business circles, where he is regarded as a most enterprising, progressive man, 
 who with resolute spirit carries forward to successful completion whatever he 
 undertakes. ''-'"'.'':!.- ''<~:^"-. '' -I:-''" 
 
 '; /-v-:-;!':-- . .: .'^ ' s. w. MAY. '; ^.-^^',:' '''-"' 
 
 S. w. May, who is living retired on his farm of five hundred and thirty acres 
 in Rio township, has been actively connected with this district for many years 
 both as an agriculturist and as a manufacturer. He was born March 20, i836j 
 in Genesee county, New York, his parents being Harvey H. and Delia Duwayne 
 (Ray) May. The family comes of English and Dutch ancestry on the paternal 
 side and is of German and French lineage on the maternal side. Harvey H. May 
 was born in Washington county. New York, and his wife's birth occurred in the 
 Empire state in 1806. The former was a son of Nathaniel May, a very prominent 
 
MltS. S. \\. MAY 
 
S. \\. MAV 
 
,;,>;-- / HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY ; 289 
 
 church worker of New York and a farmer by occupation. He owned four hun- 
 dred acres of rich and valuable land and always continued his residence in New 
 York. 
 
 In that state Harvey H. May was reared and educated and in 1837 came to 
 Illinois, accompanied by Dr. Gorham, to look over the country. They made horse- 
 back trips throughout this district, viewing the land with the idea of locating here 
 in the near future. A year later H. H. May brought his family and household 
 goods to Knox county, traveling by raft from the state of New York by way of 
 Lake Erie and the Ohio river and bringing with him the lumber from which he 
 built the first pine building in Log City. This he placed on skids and hauled it to 
 Galesburg with ten yoke of cattle. He possessed marked mechanical skill and 
 ingenuity and was proprietor of the first factory in Galesburg. For some time he 
 prospered in business but during the financial crash in the '5O's he lost nearly all 
 that he had made. He is most entitled to honor and remembrance by reason of 
 the fact that he was the inventor of the first steel plow which he made from two 
 old mill saws, molding them to the shape desired. He applied for a patent for 
 the use of steel in manufacturing plows so they would scour, in 1842 but it was 
 not granted at that time. He had considerable difficulty in getting a plow that 
 would scour bright but after much discouragement and many trials he finally 
 succeeded in securing material that could be highly polished and would remain 
 that way. Through political reasons he was never able to obtain a good patent 
 but between the years 1867 and 1871 the case was decided by Judge Sidney N. 
 Breese in the United States supreme court. In his decision Judge Breese said: 
 "The history of the plow goes back to 1841." Later he said that "May of Gales- 
 burg manufactured a plow in shape nearly the form of that manufactured now." 
 This is S. W. May's earliest recollection of seeing a steel mold board as referred 
 to by Robert N. Tate in the testimony. The share and mold board were com- 
 bined at that time and May was the first man that laid any claim to the improved 
 steel plow. Later the judge referred to seven working models of plows " copied 
 strictly after the May plow." and added : "I essentially consider May the sole 
 constructor in the form of the western steel plow." By this decision Harvey H. 
 May had the honor and credit of giving to the world this most useful implement. 
 By this invention he demonstrated that a man could do two days' work in one 
 day. In 1842 H. H. May began the manufacture of his plow and continued until 
 about 1859. During the early '4Os he had begun the purchase of land in this 
 country and at one time had several thousand acres but through speculation and 
 widespread financial panic in which the country became involved he lost nearly 
 everything that he had. The little that remained was turned over to his son, 
 Samuel W. May, who although a young man took up the work laid down by his 
 father and assumed the task of regaining the fortune his father had lost. H. H. 
 May continued to reside in Galesburg until the time of his death, which occurred 
 in 1886, when he had reached the advanced age of eighty-four years. In politics 
 he was independent, voting as his judgment dictated. In early life he attended 
 the Presbyterian church but was afterward a member of the Congregational 
 church for many years. 
 
 In his youthful days Samuel W. May attended the public schools and at the 
 age of thirteen assisted his father, going upon the road as a traveling salesman 
 and selling the plows which the father manufactured. He continued successfully 
 
290 , HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY - ( 
 
 in this work for some time but afterward engaged in teaming between Galesburg 
 and Peoria. Realizing his need and also the value of education, Mr. May when 
 twenty-two years of age entered Knox Academy and diligently applied himself 
 to the mastery of a course of study which prepared him to enter Knox College, 
 where he remained as a student for two years. He next rented a farm in Hender- 
 son township which he cultivated for two years prior to his removal to Rio town- 
 ship in 1 86 1. There he purchased farm land which was the nucleus of his pres- 
 ent extensive possessions, now comprising five hundred and thirty acres. He 
 has brought his farm under a high state of cultivation and as the reward of his 
 fifty years of labor now has one of the finest properties in Rio township. He has 
 always followed progressive and scientific methods, carrying out his plans with 
 persistency and energy, his labors proving effective in developing the farm for 
 general agricultural purposes. In former years in addition to the cultivation of 
 the soil he also engaged in raising cattle and hogs which proved a profitable 
 branch of his business, nor were his efforts confined to agriculture alone for he 
 engaged in the manufacture of the May windmill which he invented. This has 
 been very successful and has been commonly used in this county for more than 
 thirty years. The first two hundred mills were manufactured on his farm in Rio 
 township but afterward, in order to meet the increasing demands, he made ar- 
 rangements for their construction with Candee & Company, at Oneida, with Nel- 
 son Latueratt & Company, at Bushnell, and with H. L. May, at Galesburg, there 
 operating under the firm name of May Brothers, the business proving very profit- 
 able. Although Mr. May now rents his land, he still resides at the old home and 
 is one of the prosperous agriculturists of the county. 
 
 On the 27th of November, 1870, occurred the marriage of Mr. May and Miss 
 Elizabeth Hanan, a daughter of William and Eleanor (Handlen) Hanan. On 
 the paternal side the family is of Scotch origin and was founded in America in 
 colonial days, her great-grandfather serving as a soldier in the Revolutionary 
 war. Her paternal grandfather, George Hanan, died in the war of 1812. In 
 politics Mr. May has always maintained an independent attitude, voting for men 
 and measures rather than for party principles. His fellow townsmen frequently 
 called him to office and for ten years, beginning in i88o, he served as township 
 supervisor. He is one of the oldest and most prominent residents of Rio town- 
 ship. His life has been spent in persistent and diligent labor for the improve- 
 ment of his own interests and for the development of the community. In all his 
 business and social relations he has never been neglectful of any duty whether 
 of a public or private nature, and his conduct has always been in accordance with 
 his high sense of citizenship. 
 
 :-e"^V: SMILEY S. RICKORDS. ;':;. 
 
 Smiley S. Rickords, who for the past fourteen years has been en one of the 
 rural mail routes of Knoxville, was born in Pike county, Ohio, on the 8th of 
 February, 1842, his parents being Benjamin and Sabrina (Kilpatrick) Rickords. 
 His father was born and reared in Maryland, of which state the family had 
 been residents for several generations. He received a common-school education 
 
H. H. MAY 
 
290 HISTORY OF KXOX COUNTY 
 
 in this work for some time but afterward engaged in teaming between Galesburg 
 and Peoria. Realizing his need and also the value of education, Mr. May when 
 twenty-two years of age entered Knox Academy and diligently applied himself 
 to the mastery of a course of study which prepared him to enter Knox College, 
 where he remained as a student for two years. He next rented a farm in Hender- 
 son township which he cultivated for two years prior to his removal to Rio town- 
 ship in i86i. There he purchased farm land which was the nucleus of his pres- 
 ent extensive possessions, now comprising five hundred and thirty acres. He 
 has brought his farm under a high state of cultivation and as the reward of his 
 fifty years of labor now has one of the finest properties in Rio township. He has 
 always followed progressive and scientific methods, carrying out his plans with 
 persistency and energy, his labors proving effective in developing the farm for 
 general agricultural purposes. In former years in addition to the cultivation of 
 the soil he also engaged in raising cattle and hogs which proved a profitable 
 branch of his business, nor were his efforts confined to agriculture alone for he 
 engaged in the manufacture of the May windmill which he invented. This has 
 been very successful and has been commonly used in this county for more than 
 thirty years. The first two hundred mills were manufactured on his farm in Rio 
 township but afterward, in order to meet the increasing demands, he made ar- 
 rangements for their construction with Candee & Company, at Oneida, with Xel- 
 son Latueratt & Company, at Bushnell, and with H. L. May, at Galesburg, there 
 operating under the firm name of May Brothers, the business proving very profit- 
 able. Although Mr. May now rents his land, he still resides at the old home and 
 is one of the prosperous agriculturists of the county. 
 
 On the 27th of November, 1870, occurred the marriage of Mr. May and Miss 
 Elizabeth Hanan, a daughter of William and Eleanor (Handlen) Hanan. On 
 the paternal side the family is of Scotch origin and was founded in America in 
 colonial days, her great-grandfather serving as a soldier in the Revolutionary 
 war. Her paternal grandfather, George Hanan, died in the war of 1812. In 
 politics Mr. May has always maintained an independent attitude, voting for men 
 and measures rather than for party principles. His fellow townsmen frequently 
 called him to office and for ten years, beginning in 1880, he served as township 
 supervisor. He is one of the oldest and most prominent residents of Rio town- 
 ship. His life has been spent in persistent and diligent labor for the improve- 
 ment of his own interests and for the development of the community. In all his 
 business and social relations he has never been neglectful of any duty whether 
 of a public or private nature, and his conduct has always been in accordance with 
 his high sense of citizenship. 
 
 V SMILEY S. RICKORDS. : 
 
 Smiley S. Rickords. \vho for the past fourteen years has been en one of the 
 rural mail routes of Knoxville, was born in Pike county, Ohio, on the 8th of 
 February, 1842, his parents being Benjamin and Sabrina ( Kilpatrick) Rickords. 
 His father was born and reared in Maryland, of which state the family had 
 been residents for several generations. He received a common-school education 
 
II. MAY 
 
;-: : HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY 
 
 and subsequently learned the blacksmith's trade, but in common with many 
 young men he decided to pursue his business career amid new environments. 
 With this purpose in mind he came to Ohio, at that time termed the west, 
 locating in Pike county, and there he met the lady who was destined to become 
 his wife. She was a native of that county, of Irish extraction, her father, Brice 
 Kilpatrick, havirtg been born and reared in Dublin, Ireland. Benjamin Rickords 
 established a shop and engaged in blacksmithing and horseshoeing and also 
 manufactured wagons in Pike county until May, 1857. The lure of the west 
 once more proving irresistible, he disposed of his interests and with his wife 
 and family of eleven children started for Illinois, with Lx>gan county as his 
 destination. He settled in the vicinity of Lincoln and there resumed his trade, 
 which he followed until 1874, when he and the mother made their home with 
 their son John in Arkansas. There she passed away on the 27th of September, 
 that year, and was survived only a few weeks by the father, his death occurring 
 on the I4th of October. The family of Mr. and Mrs. Rickords consisted of six 
 sons and five 'daughters, as follows: Richard E., who is a resident of Belle 
 Plaine, Kansas ; William, who is living in Lincoln, Illinois ; Sarah E., who is 
 deceased and was the wife of Samuel Watts ; Mary J., also deceased, who mar- 
 ried Andrew Lawson ; Eliza Ann, the deceased wife of John Lawson ; Smiley 
 S., our subject; John W., who was a member of Company H, Sixty-eighth 
 Illinois Volunteer Infantry during the Civil war, being discharged with the rank 
 of corporal, now living in King^sher, Oklahoma ; Joseph A., who is deceased ; 
 Samuel B., a resident of Seymour, Iowa ; Druzilla, the deceased wife of Andrew 
 Laswell ; and Rebecca, the wife of Mahlon Lawson, of Williamsville, Illinois. 
 
 Smiley S. Rickords was a lad of fifteen years when he removed with his 
 parents to Logan county, in which public schools he completed his education. 
 After leaving school he entered his father's shop and learned the blacksmith 
 trade, following this occupation for many years in Logan county. From there 
 he went to Hancock county, settling at Carthage where he spent several months 
 before coming to Knoxville. In the late 'QOS Mr. Rickords withdrew from his 
 trade in order to assume the duties of his present position. He is one of the 
 soldier boys whom Illinois sent to the battlefields of the south during the Civil 
 war, and first enlisted for three months in Company H, Sixty-eighth Illinois 
 Volunteer Infantry and at the expiration of that period reenlisted in Company 
 F, Fifty-eighth Illinois Volunteer Infantry, remaining at the front until the 
 close of hostilities, receiving his discharge at Springfield, Illinois. 
 -:; On the 7th of June, 1864, Mr. Rickords married Miss Eliza J. Porter, who 
 was born in East Liverpool, Ohio, on the 3d of August, 1849. She is a daughter 
 of John Thomas and Mary (Hickey) Porter, natives of Maryland, whence they 
 removed in early life to Ohio. Farming always engaged the energies of the 
 father, who with his wife and family again started westward. He crossed the 
 prairies of Ohio and Indiana to Illinois, settling on a farm in Logan county and 
 there both he and the mother passed away. Six children were born to Mr. and 
 Mrs. Porter and beside Mrs. Rickords they are as follows : James H., who 
 enlisted from Bloomington in Company H, Thirty-ninth Illinois Volunteer In- 
 
294 ; ' : HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY ^^vC v. 
 
 fantry and was wounded at the battle of Richmond, when last heard from resid- 
 ing at Edinburg, Illinois ; John, who was killed at the battle of Hilton Head, 
 South Carolina, during the Civil war ; Rebecca Jane and Josephine, who are de- 
 ceased ; and George, who is living at Galesburg. The children of Mr. and Mrs. 
 S. S. Rickords are named below : Mary, married Louis Faass, a farmer at 
 Billings, Oklahoma, and they have five children: Clarence, Raymond, Mabel, 
 Donald and Walter. George T., who is living at Knoxville, married Zona B. 
 Miller and they are also the parents of five children : Elma, Spencer, Wesley, 
 Edith and Mabel. Fred, who is a resident of Knoxville, chose for his wife 
 Nora B. Way, and to them have been born three sons : Stanley, Charles and 
 Harry. Gertrude is the wife of Jesse Ward of Oregon and the mother of 
 seven sons : James, William, Roy, Harvey, Charles W., Owen, and Howard. 
 Garfield B. married Lottie Foster, of Knoxville, where they continue to reside, 
 and has two sons, Cecil B. and William Dean. The two next in order of birth 
 are William B. and Lincoln Grant, both of whom are still at home. Bessie, who 
 is the youngest member of the family, married Clyde Brown, a brakeman on 
 the Chicago, Burlington & Quincy Railroad, and they live at G&lesburg. 
 
 His political allegiance Mr. Rickords has always given to the republican 
 party, considering its policy best qualified to serve the highest interests of the 
 nation. In matters of faith the family affiliate with the Methodist Episcopal 
 church of which the mother is a member. Mr. Rickords is identified with the 
 local post of the Grand Army of the Republic, through the medium of which 
 he maintains relations with his comrades of the war. The life of Mr. Rickords 
 has been similar to that of hundreds of American citizens, who do their duty 
 steadfastly to the best of their ability, discharging their obligations to their 
 families and society, while at the same time they establish the nation's standard 
 of citizenship. : ' ' ; ' . ' ; C'X '. >^' '' r 
 
 ' - ^ - HENRY ALONZO ALLEN. : . i'' y-'- 
 
 Henry Alonzo Allen is a native son of Galesburg and has spent much of his 
 life in this city, although at intervals he has resided elsewhere. In 1908 he erected 
 a comfortable residence here and now divides his time between Galesburg and 
 Tennessee, where he has important lumber manufacturing interests. His birth 
 occurred December lo, 1842, his parents being Sheldon William and Fidelia 
 (Leach) Allen. 
 
 Sheldon W. Allen was born September 28, 1808, in Oneida county. New York, 
 and was a son of Chester Ephraim Allen, who was born at or near New Haven, 
 Connecticut. The latter married Eunice Baldwin, of Bethlehem, Connecticut, 
 and removed to Augusta, Oneida county. New York, where they reared their 
 family of nine children, namely, Sophia. Juliette, Sheldon, Algenia, Amanda, 
 Adaline, Mary, Homer and Asahel. In the county of his nativity, Sheldon W. 
 Allen was reared and after arriving at years of maturity he was married in Janu- 
 ary 1834, to Miss Fidelia Leach, who was born in the Empire state in 1812. 
 Three years after their marriage they removed westward, settling in Galesburg, 
 Illinois, in 1837. They were the parents of eight children, James Sherman, Shel- 
 
294 .;. HISTORY OF KXOX COUNTY 
 
 fantr\- and \vas wounded at the battle of Richmond, when last heard from resid- 
 ing at Edinl)urg, Illinois; John, who was killed at the battle of Hilton Head, 
 South Carolina, during the Civil war ; Rebecca Jane and Josephine, who are de- 
 ceased : and George, who is living at Galesburg. The children of Mr. and Mrs. 
 S. S. Rickords are named below : Mary, married Louis Faass, a farmer at 
 r>illings. Oklahoma, and they have five children: Clarence. Raymond. ^label, 
 Donald and \\'alter. George T.. who is living at Kjioxville. married Zona B. 
 Miller and they are also the parents of five children: Elma. Spencer, Wesley. 
 Edith and Mabel. Fred, who is a resident of Knoxville. chose for his wife 
 Xora I>. Way. and to them have been born three sons : Stanley. Charles and 
 Harry. Gertrude is the wife of Jesse Ward of Oregon and the mother of 
 seven sons : James. William. Roy. Harvey, Charles \\'.. Owen, and Howard. 
 Garfield B. married Lottie Foster, of Knoxville. where they continue to reside, 
 and has two sons. Cecil B. and William Dean. The two next in order of birth 
 are \\'illiam 15. and Lincoln Grant, both of whom are still at home. Bessie, who 
 is the youngest member of the family, married Clyde Brown, a brakeman on 
 the Chicago. Burlington i!<: Ouincy Railroad, and they live at (I.Mesburg. 
 
 His ]K)litical allegiance Mr. Rickords has always given to the republican 
 party, considering its ])olicy best cjualified to serve the highest interests of the 
 nation. In matters of faith the family affiliate with the Methodist Episcopal 
 church of which the mother is a member. Mr. Rickords is identified with the 
 local post of the Grand Army of the Republic, through the medium of which 
 he maintains relations with his comrades of the war. The life of Mr. Rickords 
 has been similar to that of hundreds of American citizens, who do their duty 
 steadfastly to the best of their ability, discharging their obligations to their 
 families and society, while at the same time they establish the nation's standard 
 of citizenship. 
 
 IIEXRV ALOXZO ALLEX. 
 
 Henry Alonzo Allen is a native son of (ialesburg and has spent much of his 
 life in this city, although at intervals he has resided elsewhere. In 1908 he erected 
 a comfortable residence here and now divides his time between (ialesl)urg and 
 Tennessee, where he has important lumber manufacturing interests. His birth 
 occurred December lo. 1842. his i)arents being Sheldon \\iniam and Fidelia 
 ( Leach) .Mien. 
 
 Sheldon \\'. .\llen was born September 28. 1808. in Oneida county. Xew York, 
 and uas a son of Chester ICphraim .\llen. who was born at or near Xew Haven, 
 Connecticut. The latter married Eunice I Baldwin, of I'>etblehem. Connecticut, 
 and removed to Augusta. ( )neida county. Xew ^'ork. where they reared their 
 family of nine children, namely. Sophia. Juliette, Sheldon, .\lgenia. Amanda, 
 Adaline. Mary. Homer and Asahel. In the county of his nativity, Sheldon W. 
 Allen was reared and after arriving at years of maturity he was married in Janu- 
 arv 1834. to Miss I-'idelia Leach, who was born in the EmjMre state in 1812. 
 Three years after their marriage they removed westward, settling in Galesburg, 
 Illinois, in 1837. They were the i)arents of eight children, James Sherman, Shel- 
 
- ' ' , HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY ;: / ; / 297 
 
 don Oberlin, Albert Herman, Henry Alonzo, Norman Taylor, Chester Ephraim, 
 Mary Fidelia and John Stebbins. The wife and mother passed away November 
 23, 1855, and Sheldon W. Allen afterward married Nancy Shaver, by whom he 
 had Seven children, George, Frank, Alida, Fred, Ida, Minnie and Willie. Of 
 these Frank, Alida and Fred are still living. Of the children of the first mar- 
 riage all are yet living with the exception of Sheldon and Mary. 
 
 Galesburg was but a tiny western town when the Allen family was established 
 there and had not advanced far toward its present prosperous and progressive 
 condition when Henry A. Allen was pursuing his education in its public schools. 
 He afterward entered Knox College, wherein he continued his studies until the 
 I5th of October, i86i, when he left the junior class to enlist as a soldier in the 
 Civil war. Later he continued his education in Eastman's Business College at 
 Poughkeepsie, New York, from which he was graduated on the 226. of March, 
 1866. In the meantime he had seen four years military service, having on the 
 I5th of October, i86i, joined Company C, of the Eleventh Regiment of Illinois 
 Cavalry. He was injured in action near Boliver, Tennessee, August 30, 1862, 
 sustaining a gunshot wound through the left hand and left leg. On the ist of 
 June, 1863, he was promoted to the rank of commissary sergeant and was mus- 
 tered out with his regiment October i8, 1865. He had participated in a number 
 of important engagements and for four years had given tangible proof of his 
 valor, his loyalty and his patriotism. 
 
 After completing his education in Eastman's Business College of New York 
 Mr. Allen became connected with the butchering business at Galesburg, where he 
 remained until the spring of 1869. He then removed to Viola, Illinois, where he 
 conducted a lumberyard until the spring of 1871. At that date he became a resi- 
 dent of Pettis county, Missouri, where he engaged in fanning, but in December, 
 1873, returned to Galesburg, where he followed farming and butchering until the 
 spring of 1877. He was then elected justice of the peace and served for four 
 years, his decisions being strict and impartial so that his course won the approval 
 of the public. On the ist of August, i88i, he was appointed United States 
 storekeeper and while discharging the duties of that position resided in Peoria 
 until the ist of February, 1886, when he removed to Russell county, Kansas, 
 where he engaged in farming. In September, 1896, he returned with his family 
 to Galesburg but in the spring of 1899 removed to Fayette county, Tennessee, 
 where he again took up the occupation of farming. In 1904 he purchased a 
 sawmill, which he operated in connection with his agricultural pursuits. In 1908 
 he returned with his family to Galesburg, erecting an attractive home here, and 
 has since divided his time between this city and Tennessee, giving supervision 
 to his agricultural and industrial interests in that state. In addition to his other 
 interests Mr. Allen was a director and president of the Farmers Alliance Ex- 
 change Company of Russell, Kansas, for several years and was also a director 
 and secretary of the Fanners Union Warehouse Company, of Somerville, Ten- 
 nessee. ' '.' ''''.; ''' ':'^- ':;:'.:-' ''^': : ^ "' / :- 
 
 On the i6th of September, 1867, at Denison, Iowa, Mr. Allen was united in 
 rrtarriage to Miss Sue McIIhenny Cobean, a daughter of Robert and Nancy (Mc- 
 Tlhenny) Cobean. Her father was a son of Samuel and Elizabeth (Cunningham) 
 Cobean. The latter was a daughter of Robert and Martha (Watt) Cunningham, 
 whose parents were John and Elizabeth Cunningham and David and Mary Watt 
 
298 ; ;/ . HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY ':-' ; j;/ '^ 
 
 respectively. John Cunningham, the great-great-grandfather of Mrs. Allen, came 
 to this country from the aorth of Ireland about the year 1748. His son Robert 
 settled in Adams county, Pennsylvania, abou^ I77O, and served in the Revolu- 
 tionary war, being commissioned a lieutenant. David and Mary Watt, great- 
 great-grandparents of Mrs. Allen, came to the new world from the vicinity of 
 Glasgow, Scotland, in the decade between 1740 and 1750, settling near Oxford, 
 Chester county, Pennsylvania. The tall monument to John Watt in the burial 
 ground of Trinity church on Broadway, opposite Wall street. New York, and . 
 the Watt monument in Glasgow, Scotland, both indicate where ancestors of Mrs. 
 Allen lie buried. Mrs. Nancy Cobean, the mother of Mrs. Allen, was a daughter 
 of Victor and Agnes E. W. (Orr) Mcllhenny, the latter a daughter of George 
 Orrand the former a son of Robert and Martha (King) Mcllhenny. This Robert : 
 Mcllhenny was a son of Robert Mcllhenny, Sr., and his wife, Martha King, was 
 a daughter of Victor King. Both of these were great-great-grandfathers of Mrs. 
 Allen and both came from the north of Ireland, settling in Adams county, Penn- 
 sylvania, in 1767. Hier great-great-grandfather Victor King and her great-grand- 
 father Robert Mcllhenny both served in the Revolutionary war and both were 
 commissioned lieutenants. 
 
 Unto Mr. and Mrs. Allen were born seven children. Sue Fidelia, the eldest, 
 born August 25, 1869, was married February 14, 1889, to George W. Chew, and 
 they had three children : Anna Grace ; Mary Allen ; and William Henry, who 
 died in childhood. Harry Myrtle Allen, born October 4, 1874, wedded on April 
 15, 1896, Anna Melissa Bunner, and they have three children, Thomas Henry, 
 Donald Ray and Harry Bunner. Nettie Cobean Allen was born April 15, 1877, 
 and is at home with her parents. Bessie Leach, born December 7, 1879, is a 
 missionary at Teheran, Persia. Ralph Chester, born April 15, 1882, was married 
 January 3, 1904, to Pearl Lavinia Kolla, and they have three children, Chester 
 Robinson, James Everett and Robert Cobean. Sheldon Robert, born April i8, 
 1884, was married July 12, 1906, to Edna Josephine Parnell. Willis Ray, bom 
 July 23, 1889, died February 17, 1893. 
 
 Mr. Allen has always been regarded as a man of prominence and influence 
 in the different localities in which he has lived and has done not a little toward 
 molding public opinion. In politics he is a republican, always stanch in support 
 of the party. While living at Viola, Illinois, he was elected village trustee in the 
 spring of 1869. In April, 1877, he was elected justice of the peace in Galesburg 
 and filled the position for four years. This was followed by his appointment 
 to the position of United States storekeeper at Peoria, in which capacity he 
 served from August i, i88i, until February i, 1886. In November, 1888, he was 
 elected county commissioner of Russell county, Kansas, for a term of three years, 
 and was reelected in November, 1891. During five of the six years of his service 
 he was chairman of the board and he also served for several years as school di- 
 rector in the same county. As president of the Russell County Farmers Alliance 
 he attended the meeting of county presidents at Topeka, Kansas, and voted 
 against the formation of the populist party. He was a delegate to the sixth 
 district republican congressional convention at Colby, Kansas, in 1892. There 
 several ballots were taken yet no candidate received a sufficient number of votes 
 to become the party nominee. Then his name was presented and he received so 
 many votes on the first ballot as to alarm the regular candidates, who secured 
 
j; ;y; <, ; HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY : ;;:-, 299 
 
 an adjournment and fixed up their differences, which resulted in the nomination 
 of Webb McNall. He was urged by his friends in Russell county to allow his 
 name to be presented as a candidate before the populist convention but declined. 
 
 He has been elected to various offices outside the pale of politics, serving as 
 president of the Fanners Alliance at Russell, Kansas, and also as president of 
 the County Alliance of Russell county, Kansas. He has likewise been secretary 
 of the Fayette County Farmers Union at Somerville, Tennessee, and was pres- 
 ident of the Farmers Institute at Russell, Kansas. In fact, he has been a very 
 prominent worker in behalf of organized effort for the benefit of the agricul- 
 tural class and his labors have been productive of much good. He is well known, 
 too, in fraternal relations and has the highest regard of many of his brethren 
 in the different lodges to which he belongs. In 1879 he joined the Masonic order 
 and has since taken the degrees of the chapter and commandery. He has served 
 as high priest of Russell Chapter in Russell, Kansas, and also as high priest of 
 the chapter at Somerville, Tennessee. He was a charter member of the Grand 
 Army post at Galesburg, served as its first officer of the day and its third com- 
 mander, and he was also commander of the post at Russell, Kansas. 
 
 His has been an extremely active, busy and useful life. His labors have been 
 attended by substantial and gratifying results for the benefit of the different or- 
 ganizations with which he is identified, while in business affairs his well directed 
 efforts have brought him a substantial and gratifying measure of success. 
 
 EDWIN NASH, M. D. .;./:' ^ ;;V:--.v.>.,^.v::' -. ^ 
 'o -'..'.!.':. 'i'.-. '"! ?;':;.;';::.:;'. v"-".;".-:'!-'.- V- ; .- ;'';;-'. 
 
 Dr. Edwin Nash, a physician and surgeon of Galesburg, has there practiced 
 his profession since 1904 and has won an enviable reputation as a skilled repre- 
 sentative of the medical fraternity. His birth occurred in Chicago, on the 2ist 
 of November, 1876, his parents being Orrin and Martha (Heald) Nash, who 
 are natives of Massachusetts and Illinois respectively. The paternal grand- 
 father, Hervey Nash, was bom in the state of New York and became a railroad 
 contractor. He and his wife, Mrs. Anna (Swift) Nash, settled in Chicago about 
 1856 and spent the remainder of their lives in Illinois, passing away in Gibson 
 City at an old age. They had quite a number of children, including : Nicholas ; 
 Milton; James; Hervey; Orrin; Loraine, who gave her hand in marriage to 
 John Carver; Marilla; and Marietta. Alexander Heald, the maternal grand- 
 father of our subject, was a native of New York and a contractor by trade. 
 He and his wife, Mrs. Naomi (Pope) Heald, took up their abode among the 
 early settlers of Lake county, Illinois, and passed away in Chicago when well 
 advanced in years. Their children were four in number, namely: Martha, 
 Mary, James and Nelson. 
 
 ,' Orrin Nash, the father of Dr. Nash, accompanied his parents on their re- 
 moval to Illinois when a youth of thirteen, the family home being established 
 in Chicago, where he grew to manhood and completed his education. In April, 
 1862, he joined the Union army as a private, serving until the cessation of 
 hostilities with the Chicago Mercantile Battery, Artillery. After the close of 
 the war he went to Louisville, Kentucky, and followed bridge building in part- 
 
300 ; HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY :':.' A,': ':'.. 
 
 nership with his brother for a number of years. After returning to Chicago 
 he was elected to various county offices and acted as committee clerk of the 
 board of commissioners for about thirty years. At the present time he makes 
 his home in Boston. He is a worthy exemplar of the Masonic fraternity and 
 both he and his wife are Universalists in religious faith. They have two sons: 
 Wilmar, living in Boston; and Edwin, of this review. . ';. 1' 
 
 The latter was reared in the city of his nativity and is a graduate of the 
 Oak Park high school. After leaving that institution he entered the Chicago 
 Homeopathic Medical College and was graduated therefrom in 1900. Subse- 
 quently he spent eighteen months as interne in the Cook County Hospital and 
 then devoted another year to study in Rush Medical College, of which institu- :5 
 tion he is likewise a graduate. He first located for practice in Chicago but in 
 1904 came to Galesburg and has here since remained, his patronage steadily 
 increasing as he has demonstrated his skill and ability in coping with the intricate ' 
 problems which continually confront the physician in his efforts to restore health 
 and prolong life. Through his membership in the Knox County Medical Society 
 and the Illinois State Medical Society he keeps in close touch with the progress 
 which is constantly being made by the profession. ' 
 
 ; On the 2d of October, 1902, Dr. Nash was united in marriage to Miss Jessie ^ 
 Scofield, a native of Rock county, Wisconsin, and a daughter of George and 
 Sarah (Hurd) Scofield, who were also born in that state. The father passed 
 away in Janesville, Wisconsin, but the mother still survives and makes her 
 home at that place. They had seven children, namely: Mitta, Clara, Willis, :; 
 Elma, Jessie, Bertha and Floy. Silas Hurd, the maternal grandfather of Mrs. . 
 Nash, was a native of New York, became a farmer and miller by occupation .;- 
 and took up his abode among the early settlers of Rock county, Wisconsin. Dr. ; 
 and Mrs. Nash have two children, Edwin and Lois. 
 
 Since age conferred upon him the right of franchise Dr. Nash has supported 
 the men and measures of the republican party, believing that its principles are 
 most conducive to good government. In religious faith both he and his wife 
 are Universalists. Though yet a young man, he has already attained a creditable 
 position in professional circles, while the salient characteristics of his manhood 
 are such as have brought him the warm regard of those with whom he has been 
 otherwise associated. '. 
 
 ;:v;,.;; EDISON P. METCALF. ,> ; ; 
 
 Edison P. Metcalf, deceased, who during his active business life was asso- 
 ciated with farming interests in Knox county, was born in the state of New - 
 York on the 8th of July, 1838, his parents being Jonathan G. and Phoebe ' 
 (Fountain) Metcalf, who were likewise natives of New York. There the father V" 
 followed the occupation of farming until he removed westward with his family, , 
 settling in Knox county at an early period in its development and improvement. .; 
 He took up his abode upon a tract of land east of Knoxville and continued to 
 engage in the cultivation of the fields until his life's labors were ended in death. - 
 His diligence and reliability in business made him a valued citizen and one ; 
 
:v:v ^ >: HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY 301 
 
 worthy the regard uniformly g^ven him. In the family were the following chil- 
 dren, but the only one now living is Mrs. Mary Ferry, of Knoxville. Sarah, 
 Edison P., Rufus and Mrs. Harriet Vermillion are deceased, 
 u Edison P. Metcalf was a young lad when he accompanied his parents on their 
 removal westward to Knox county. He pursued his early education in the 
 district schools and afterward continued his studies in the schools of Knox- 
 ville. He was trained to the work of the farm and took up farming on his own 
 account when a young man. He continued to engage in agricultural pursuits 
 throughout his entire life and became the owner of a well developed property, 
 the fields being brought under a high state of cultivation, while substantial im- 
 provements were made upon the farm in the shape of substantial buildings and 
 well kept fences. 
 
 On the 1 8th of December, 1862, Mr. Metcalf was united in marriage to 
 Miss Marion Gould, who was bom in Adams county, Illinois, February i6, 
 1840, a daughter of William and Sallie Ann (Mapes) Gould, natives of New 
 Hampshire and Vermont respectively. This section of Illinois was still largely 
 undeveloped when they came to the state, taking up their abode in Adams county, 
 where the father devoted his attention to farming. He was also a carpenter 
 by trade and his skill with tools enabled him to keep everything about his farm 
 in excellent condition. He remained in Adams county for some time and then 
 removed to Knox county when Mrs. Metcalf was a small child but during the 
 fall before she was thirteen the family went to Morgan county, Missouri, where 
 the mother died and was buried. The family afterward returned to Knox county, 
 Illinois, and here the father lived until called to his final rest. They were the 
 parents of nine children, of whom five died in infancy, while four reached years 
 of maturity, namely : John, now deceased ; Mrs. Metcalf ; William, who is 
 living in this county; and Mrs. Samantha Metcalf, who resides northeast of 
 Knoxville. 
 
 Unto Mr. and Mrs. Metcalf there were born seven children. Marietta, the 
 eldest, became the wife of Stephen M. Turner but is now deceased. In their 
 family were eight children : Geneva ; Oran ; Eva ; Gertrude ; Lee ; Maude ; and 
 Merle and Pearl, twins. Melissa Ann, the second of the daughters of Mr. and 
 Mrs. Edison Metcalf, is the deceased wife of Charles A. Ramp, of this county, 
 and of their five children two died in infancy, the others being Alice G., Inez 
 L. and Lavon. Emma Metcalf is the wife of Charles M. Hawley, a resident 
 farmer of this county, and they had seven children, of whom Robert C. and 
 Lessie are deceased, the others being Sylva S., Selma M., Ray, Roy and Allie. 
 Ellen Mae became the wife of William Armstrong but both have passed away. 
 They are survived by three living children : Bessie R., Minnie J. and Aileen 
 M. Charles W. Metcalf makes his home near London Mills, FuUon county. 
 Alma A., the next of the family, died in infancy. Alice G. is the wife of Frank- 
 lin Sargent and they reside in Knoxville, Illinois. They have four living chil- 
 dren : Charles E. ; Celia Mae and Cecil Merle, twins ; and Vivian. They have 
 lost their first daughter, Catherine M. Geneva Turner married Frank Howalter, 
 of Knox county; and Eva Turner became the wife of Thomas Davidson. 
 ; The death of Mr. Metcalf occurred in 1906 when he had reached the age 
 of sixty-eight years. He was a member of the United Brethren church and his 
 wife holds membership in the Methodist Episcopal church. His political allegi- 
 
 
302 HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY > ., 
 
 ance was given the republican party and he was always loyal to his honest 
 belief. Those who knew him, and he had a wide acquaintance, entertained for 
 him warm regard. He was devoted to the welfare and happiness of his family, 
 was progressive and public-spirited in citizenship and loyal in friendship, and 
 because of his many sterling traits of character he left to his family the priceless 
 heritage of an untarnished name. , , .. - '.' 
 
 ;V ; .; EDWARD RICHMOND ADAMS. ^ : ^ 
 
 Almost three decades have passed since Edward Richmond Adams was called 
 to his final rest, and yet his memory is enshrined in the hearts of many who knew 
 him and who entertain for him the warmest regard because of his individual 
 traits of character and the important part which he played in the public life of 
 Galesburg. He figured prominently here for many years as a merchant and in 
 matters of citizenship his influence was always given on the side of progress, re- 
 form and improvement. He was born in Stoughton, Massachusetts, February 5, 
 1809, and traced his ancestry back to Henry Adams who, on coming from Eng- 
 land in 1632, settled in Braintree, Massachusetts, where the family home was 
 maintained until the Rev. Jedediah Adams was called to a pastorate in Stoughton 
 after 1733. Dr. Peter Adams, the father of Edward R. Adams, was born in 
 Stoughton, June 3, 1756, and was graduated from Harvard College in 1778. He 
 studied medicine and was the first regularly settled physician in Stoughton. In 
 1805 he wedded Sarah Johnson, a daughter of Lewis and Mary (May) Johnson 
 of that place. The father died in 1832 and the mother passed away the following 
 
 Edward R. Adams pursued his education in the common schools, but remained 
 throughout life a broad reader of the best literature and kept well informed upon 
 all topics of general and vital interest. After leaving his native town he engaged 
 in business in Boston until 1836 when he removed westward to Illinois, settling 
 first in Henderson county where he engaged in buying all kinds of produce which 
 he shipped to New Orleans. In 1854 he came to Galesburg and about 1855 he 
 established a business that constituted the nucleus of the present saddlery and 
 hardware establishment of Adams & Johnson Company. About 1855 he built the 
 stores at Nos. i and 3 Main street, and throughout the period of his residence in 
 Galesburg, covering almost three decades, was prominently, closely and honorably 
 associated with its business activities and its upbuilding. He always followed con- 
 structive methods, never taking advantage of the necessities of another, and his 
 enterprise, diligence and honorable dealing brought him well merited success. He 
 was one of the original incorporators of the Farmers' & Merchanics' Bank, and 
 served as a member of its board of directors until he resigned in September, 1882. 
 
 Mr. Adams was married twice. He first wedded Miss Mahala Choate, of 
 Lowell, Massachusetts, in 1842. Her death occurred the following year and on 
 the I2th of August, 1846, he wedded Miss Nancy Gilbert Thomas of New Haven, 
 Connecticut, a daughter of Lewis and Mary (Gilbert) Thomas. There were 
 seven children of this marriage, of whom four died in infancy or in childhood. 
 while three survived their parents. They are: Edward Quincy, who was mar- 
 
302 ;. HISTORY OF KXOX COUXTY : / 
 
 ance was given the republican party and he was always loyal to his honest 
 belief. Those who knew him. and he had a wide acquaintance, entertained for 
 him warm regard. He was devoted to the welfare and happiness of his family, 
 was progressive and public-spirited in citizenship and loyal in friendship, and 
 because of his many sterling traits of character he left to his family the priceless 
 heritage of an untarnished name. . 
 
 EDWARD RICHMOXD ADAMS. 
 
 Almost three decades have passed since Edward Richmond Adams was called 
 to his final rest, and yet his memory is enshrined in the hearts of many who knew 
 him and who entertain for him the warmest regard because of his individual 
 traits of character and the important part which he played in the public life of 
 Galesburg. He figured prominently here for many years as a merchant and in 
 matters of citizenship his infiuence was always given on the side of progress, re- 
 form and improvement. He was born in Stoughton, Massachusetts, February 5, 
 1809, and traced his ancestry back to Henry Adams who, on coming from Eng- 
 land in 1632, settled in Braintree, Massachusetts, where the family home was 
 maintained until the Rev. Jedediah Adams was called to a pastorate in Stoughton 
 after 1733. Dr. Peter Adams, the father of Edward R. Adams, was born in 
 Stoughton, June 3, 1756. and was graduated from Harvard College in 1778. He 
 studied medicine and was the first regularly settled physician in Stoughton. In 
 1805 he wedded Sarah Johnson, a daughter of Lewis and Mary (May) Johnson 
 of that place. The father died in 1832 and the mother passed away the following 
 year. . , ," . : , | . 
 
 Edward R. Adams pursued his education in the common schools, but remained 
 throughout life a broad reader of the best literature and kept well informed upon 
 all topics of general and vital interest. After leaving his native town he engaged 
 in business in IJoston until 1836 when he removed westward to Illinois, settling 
 first in Henderson county where he engaged in buying all kinds of produce which 
 he shipped to Xew Orleans. In 1854 he came to Galesburg and about 1855 he 
 established a business that constituted the nucleus of the present saddlery and 
 hardware establishment of Adams & Johnson Company. About 1855 he built the 
 stores at Xos. i and 3 Main street, and throughout the ])eriod of his residence in 
 Galesburg, covering almost three decades, was ])roininently, closely and honorably 
 associated with its business activities and its upbuilding. He always followed con- 
 structive methods, never taking advantage of the necessities of another, and his 
 enterprise, diligence and honorable dealing brought him well merited success. He 
 was one of the original incorporators of the Farmers' & .Merchanics' Dank, and 
 served as a member of its board of directors until he resigned in September, 1882. 
 
 Mr. Adams was married twice. He first wedded Miss Mahala Choate, of 
 Lowell, Massachusetts, in 1842. Her death occurred the following year and on 
 the I2th of August, 1846, he wedded Miss Xancy Gilbert Thomas of Xew Haven, 
 Connecticut, a daughter of Lewis and Mary (Gilbert) Thomas. There were 
 seven children of this marriage, of whom four died in infancy or in childhood, 
 while three survived their parents. They are: Edward Quincy, who was mar- 
 
\ 
 
-.;> H- , HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY -- -y 305 
 
 ried in 1885 to Miss Helen L. Gay, of Easton, Massachusetts, and has two chil- 
 dren; Katherine Amelia, the wife of Wallace S. Johnson, whom she married in 
 1884 and by whom she has two children ; and Harriett Marsh, living at Galesburg. 
 The death of Mr. Adams took place on October 2, 1883. 
 
 Mr. Adams was the possessor of an unusually fine tenor voice and was a mem- 
 ber of the two oldest musical societies in the country, the Stoughton Musical 
 Society, which was formed in 1756 and of which his father. Eh*. Peter Adams 
 was a charter member, and the Handel & Hayden Society of Boston which was 
 founded in 1815. While not a menriber, Mr. Adams was a generous contributor to 
 and constant attendant of the services of the Congregational (brick) church and 
 the Universalist church in which he had been reared, his grandfather, the Rev. 
 Jedediah Adams having been the first regularly settled minister of that faith in 
 Stoughton. Mr. Adams was recognized as a man of high moral character whose 
 devotion to his duty was unquestioned, and who ever sought those infiuences and 
 aids which are of the most value in promoting individual and community prog- 
 ress. He was devoted to his home and family, was always a generous friend and 
 gave freely of his means to those who needed assistance. Many testify as to his 
 generosity and his kindly spirit, and the name of Edward Richmond Adams is yet 
 an honored one in Galesburg where he so directed his labors as to make his work 
 of lasting benefit to the city. 
 
 ,: : . ; GEORGE FREEMAN CONLEY. 
 
 George Freeman Conley, who for the past fourteen years has been repre- 
 senting the fourth ward in the city council, is one of the well known residents 
 of Galesburg. He was born on a farm in the vicinity of Wataga, Knox county, 
 on the 22d of July, 1853, the only child of Linzley and Catherine (Anderson) 
 Conley. The father was born in Glasgow, Barren county, Kentucky, on June 
 i6, 1827, while the mother's birth occurred in Hancock county, Indiana, May 
 6, 1830. When he was a lad of three years Linzley Conley came to Illinois 
 with his father, Levey P. Conley, who had been given a grant for one hundred 
 and sixty acres of land in Knox county, eighty for services rendered in the 
 Black Hawk war and eighty on account of the war of 1812. For many years 
 Levey P. Conley devoted his entire time and attention to the further develop- 
 ment and improvement of his farm, and there he passed away on January 4, 
 1870, at the age of seventy-eight years, while his wife died November lo, 1864. 
 His son, Linzley Conley, was reared and educated on the old homestead, where 
 he also received his agricultural training. When he had attained his majority 
 he left the parental home and began working for himself, continuing to follow 
 farming. At the breaking out of the Civil war, in i86i, he enlisted in Company 
 K, Forty-fifth Illinois Volunteer Infantry as a private and went to the front 
 where he remained for nearly three years. The hardships and privations inci- 
 dent to army life completely undermined his health, and he returned to the old 
 farm practically an invalid. He again turned his attention to the cultivation of 
 the fields, devoting his energies to agricultural pursuits until 1868. In the latter 
 year he gave up farming and came to Galesburg, and from that period until his 
 
 Vol. JI 14 
 
 
306 HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY 
 
 ; death on the I3th of February, 1899, engaged in sinking artesian wells. The 
 
 mother had passed away many years before on the farm, her demise occurring 
 on April 27, 1854. They were married, June 22, 1851. They were members 
 of the Baptist church, and the father also belonged to the Grand Army of the 
 Republic. In his political views he was a republican and while residing at 
 Galesburg served as constable. .:]:;.", 
 
 The early years in the life of George Freeman Conley were spent on the old 
 farm, in the work of which he assisted while pursuing his studies in the com- 
 mon schools of Wataga. On the loth of June, 1870, at the age of seventeen 
 years, he began work as a section hand on the Chicago, Burlington & Quincy 
 Railroad. He had higher aspirations, however, and on October 13, 1872, began 
 braking on a freight train. In the discharge of his services he was both efficient 
 and satisfactory and on the 2Oth of June, 1876, he was promoted to the position 
 of conductor. He continued in this capacity for twenty years, at the expiration 
 of which period he was given a passenger train. He is now and has been for 
 some time on the Peoria and Galesburg division of the road. In years of con- 
 tinuous service he is one of the oldest men in the employ of the company, 
 having been with them for over forty-one years. . - v''^/-:'V ;;'/::.)..''. 
 
 On the 2Oth of March, 1875, Mr. Conley was married to Miss Mary Mat- 
 thews, a native of Scott county, Iowa, who passed away on February 25, 1885. 
 One daughter was born unto them, Grace W., who is at home with her father. 
 On October 19, 1889, .Mr. Conley married Mrs. H. H. McSkinnens, whose 
 death occurred on June 12, 1908. 'I 
 
 Mr. Conley has ever been loyal to the principles of the republican party and 
 
 for fourteen years has been alderman from the fourth ward. That he has dis- 
 
 charged his duties in a highly satisfactory manner is evidenced by the length 
 of his period of service. Fraternally he is a Mason, belonging to the Blue Lodge, 
 council and commandery, and he is also a member of the Fraternal Reserve, 
 Court of Honor, Benevolent Protective Order of Elks and the Elks Club. He 
 is a member of the legislative committee for the state of Illinois, of the Order 
 of Railway Conductors and has held all of the chairs. Mr. Conley possesses a 
 high sense of honor, and always discharges any duty assigned him with a con- 
 scientious appreciation of his responsibility. 
 
 -i^';;;-;-- ; S. A. WAGONER. '.''..: ':'x.'":^;v ' 
 
 Persistence of purpose and unfaltering energy have been strong forces in 
 winning success for S. A. Wagoner and thorough training in his especial line 
 has also constituted a feature in the establishment of his present prosperous 
 business which is conducted under the name of the Wagoner Printing Company 
 at Galesburg. The business was established in 1897, and since that time Mr. 
 Wagoner has been active in its control and management. He is one of Wis- 
 consin's native sons, his birth having occurred near Viroqua, March 25, 1863, 
 his parents being Alexander and Hannah (Bahr) Wagoner. The father was 
 born near Watertown, Jefferson county. New York, and when a young man 
 came to Wisconsin. He was a farmer by occupation and at one time engaged 
 
^^; ;':':: > HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY v : ^ ^ 307 
 
 -.''-- '^ ', ^ ' 
 
 in the conduct of a meat market in Laporte City, Iowa. He afterwards spent 
 six years as a minister in connection with the Evangelical Association and then 
 returning to commercial life became manager for a lumber company in Duluth, 
 Minnesota, and now resides at Tower, Minnesota. 
 
 It was in i86i that he married Hannah Bahr, who was born near Harrisburg, 
 Pennsylvania, and they became parents of two children, Simon Alvey and Wil- 
 Ham E., both residents of Galesburg. The father is a republican in his political 
 views and in his fraternal relations is connected with the Independent Order 
 . of Odd Fellows. Simon A. Wagoner was educated in the public schools in his 
 native state and also in the high school at Red Oak, Iowa. He was only four- 
 teen years of age when he began learning the printing business at Anita, Iowa, 
 where he remained for two years. He then returned to Laporte City, Iowa, 
 where he followed his trade for nine years, and during his residence in that 
 place established the Laporte City Review in connection with a partner with 
 whom he remained for nine years. While there he made the acquaintance of 
 A. D. Thurston, night telegraph operator, and they formed a partnership for 
 the publication of the monthly paper called the Railroad Telegrapher. These 
 two men called a meeting of the telegraph operators of the United States at 
 Cedar Rapids, Iowa, in July, 1886, and one hundred delegates from a number 
 of different states assembled in convention there and established the Order of 
 Railroad Telegraphers, Mr. Thurston becoming the first grand chief telegrapher 
 of the order. Mr. Wagoner remained the editor and manager of the paper which 
 was printed at Laporte City, Iowa, until 1888, when he removed to Vinton, 
 Iowa, where he remained for three years and in November, 1891, he came to 
 Galesburg as superintendent of the printing plant of the Brotherhood of Rail- 
 road Trainmen, of which he was in charge until it was removed from Galesburg 
 five years later. At the same time he conducted a small fruit farm near the city, 
 and in 1897 he established his present business in which he was joined by W. E. 
 Wagoner and G. H. Mehler. They began business in a small way on the third 
 floor of the Bank of Galesburg building on Main street where they continued 
 until 1901 when they consolidated their interests with the job-printing depart- 
 ment of the Evening Mail, called the Mail Printing Company. The business 
 was incorporated for thirteen thousand dollars with S. A. Wagoner, as president, 
 F. H. Sisson, vice president, E. S. Tobey, secretary and C. H. May, treasurer. 
 They removed to the Mail building on Cherry street, and there continued until 
 1909 when the business was reincorporated under the style of the Wagoner 
 Printing Company and capitalized for twenty thousand dollars, with S. A. Wag- 
 oner as president and manager, H. W. Lass, vice president and E. S. Tobey sec- 
 retary and treasurer. They employ thirty-five people and conduct a general 
 printing business, a complete system of direct-connected individual motors to all 
 machines forming a part of the equipment of the plant. The business has 
 steadily grown until it amounts to seventy-five thousand dollars annually, two 
 thirds of which comes from outside the city. They make a specialty of college 
 and fraternity printing and keep in touch with the most modern and advanced 
 styles of the printing art. 
 
 On the 25th of November, 1885, Mr. Wagoner was married to Miss Emma 
 R. Fischer, a daughter of Henry Erhardt and Catherine (Freiberger) Fischer, 
 of Laporte City, Iowa. Her parents were natives of Darmstadt, Germany, 
 
808 
 
 HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY 
 
 and came to the United States in the '505, settling in Ondaga county, New 
 - York, where the father followed the occupation of farming and also as a repre- 
 sentative of the ministry of the Evangelical Association engaged in preaching 
 in Utica and in Troy, New York. He died in Manlius, New York, in 1868, 
 after which his widow came to the west, settling in Cedar Falls, Iowa, while 
 later she became a resident of Laporte City, Iowa, where she married the Rev. 
 George Fckhard. He died November 28, 1910. Mrs. Eckhard still survives and 
 ' : now makes her home in Cedar Falls. Her daughter, Mrs. Wagoner, was bom 
 ' in Utica, Ondaga county. New York, March 28, 1865, and by her marriage has 
 : become the mother of two daughters but the younger, Helen R., who was born 
 in Galesburg, died when but eighteen months old. The elder daughter, Nora 
 M., was born in Laporte City, Iowa. 
 
 Both Mr. and Mrs. Wagoner are members of the Methodist Episcopal 
 
 : church, in the work of which they take active and helpful part. Mr. Wagoner 
 
 : is now serving on the board of stewards, is secretary of the building committee, 
 
 ; is one of the trustees of the church and is teacher of the men's bible class in the 
 
 Sunday school. He is greatly interested in Sunday-school work and is serving 
 
 on the executive committee and finance committee of the Knox County Sunday 
 
 School Association. He is also an exemplary member of Vesper Lodge, No. 
 
 ' 584, F. & A. M. ; Camp No. 667, M. W. A. He is also a member of the Gales- 
 
 " burg Club and is president of the Retail Merchants' Association. He has made 
 
 . an excellent record in business, wisely used his time and opfxartunities, and as 
 
 the years go by, has steadily progressed, winning success along the legitimate 
 
 . business lines. He has ever recognized the fact that satisfied customers are the 
 
 . best advertisement, and the excellent work which he has done has been the chief 
 
 factor in his enviable and well merited success. 
 
 FRANK SEARS BARTLETT. / . 
 
 Frank Sears Bartlett, a representative of an old and prominent family of 
 Knox county, is successfully engaged in business as a member of the real-estate 
 and insurance firm of Bartlett '& Robbins and is likewise the secretary of the 
 Mutual Loan & Building Association of Galesburg. His birth occurred in this 
 county, on the 4th of December, 1855, his parents being Erasmus Almon and 
 Helen J. (Sears) Bartlett, both of whom were natives of the state of New York. 
 The paternal grandfather, John D. Bartlett, was bom in Vermont and when 
 four years of age was taken by his parents to Genesee county. New York, where 
 he g^ew to manhood and conducted a hotel in Alexander. In 1842 he visited 
 Illinois on horseback and two years later brought his family here, purchasing 
 land in Rio township. He passed away at the age of seventy-eight years, while 
 his wife, who bore the maiden name of Sarah Pryor, was about eighty-two years 
 when called to her final rest. Their children were five in number, namely : Livona, 
 who gave her hand in marriage to E. C. Field; Loamma M.; Erasmus A.; Sarah, 
 who became the wife of E. R. Rhoades; and John D., Jr. William Sears, the 
 maternal grandfather of our subject, was a native of Cortland county. New 
 York. He and his wife, Mrs. Caroline (Vaile) Sears, became pioneer settlers 
 
Vnv-; Jr i V^^..'; ; V-^ HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY /^'v:::'; 309 
 
 of Knox county, Illinois, locating at Henderson, where Mr. Sears conducted a 
 hotel, a flouring mill and a sawmill and also engaged in farming. In 1869 he 
 
 ;': removed to Iowa, settling in Harrison county, where his demise occurred when 
 
 ' : he was past eighty years of age. His wife was also past that age when called 
 
 .. to her final rest. They had thirteen children, including the following named : 
 
 :, Helen J. ; Frank W. ; Crandall ; Lottie, who married a Mr. Baird ; Charles ; and 
 
 :/ LeGrand. 
 
 Erasmus A. Bartlett, the father of Frank S. Bartlett, followed general agri- 
 
 ; cultural pursuits throughout his active business career. In 1844 he was brought 
 
 'v^, to Knox county, Illinois, by his parents, the family home being established in 
 
 .. Rio township, where he grew to manhood and began farming. At the time of 
 
 , his demrse he owned one hundred and thirty acres of rich and productive land in 
 
 - Rio township. He died in 1908, when seventy-eight years of age, passing away 
 . in the faith of the Universalist church. The period of his residence in this county 
 
 covered more than six decades and he was well known and highly esteemed within 
 its borders. He served as a school director and held various township offices. 
 - His first wife, the mother of our subject, passed away in 1869 at the compara- 
 ,: tively early age of thirty-six. She was the mother of eight children, of whom 
 .: Frank Sears is the only one now living. For his second wife Erasmus A. Bart- 
 lett chose Mrs. Elizabeth A. Edwards, by whom he had two children : Charles 
 E., of Rio township; and Sarah A., who died at the age of thirty-two years. 
 
 .; Frank S. Bartlett remained on his father's farm until eighteen years of age, 
 
 first attending the district schools and later continuing his education in Knox 
 
 College. After putting aside his text-books he began clerking in the storehouse 
 
 : of the Chicago, Burlington & Quincy Railroad Company. He remained in the 
 
 service of that corporation for eighteen years and three months and was steadily 
 
 : . promoted as he demonstrated his capability and trustworthiness, holding the 
 
 . position of division storekeeper when he resigned. Subsequently he embarked 
 
 ' in the real-estate and insurance business, \vhich has claimed his time and energies 
 
 continuously since. In 1906 he admitted William A. Robbins to a partnership 
 
 ; in the business, which has since been conducted under the firm style of Bart- 
 
 , ;, lett & Robbins. Their efforts have been attended with gratifying success and 
 
 their clientage is of a most extensive and important character. 
 
 On the loth of January, 1877, Mr. Bartlett was united in marriage to Miss 
 
 : . Sarah A. Fleharty, a native of Rio township, Knox county, Illinois, and a daugh- 
 
 : ter of William L. and Elizabeth (Terrell) Fleharty, who became pioneer settlers 
 
 ' of this county, taking up their abode in Rio township. The father served as a 
 
 , soldier of the Civil war. Mr. and Mrs. Fleharty passed away at Galesburg in 
 
 .; middle life. They had six children, namely: Stephen T., Sarah A., William 
 
 : H., Elizabeth, Belle M. and Vinnie May. 
 
 . William and Amelia (Kirkpatrick) Fleharty, the paternal grandparents of 
 
 . Mrs. Bartlett, were early settlers of Knox county and passed away here, the for- 
 ; mer when about eighty-four years of age and the latter when about fifty years 
 ^' old. Unto them were born five children: Jesse J. ; William L. ; John and Henry, 
 ;' twins ; and Stephen F. Unto Mr. and Mrs. Bartlett were also born five children, 
 ..- as follows: Alice Helen, living in Aurora, Illinois, who is the wife of M. T. 
 : Bruner, by whom she has two daughters, Lois and Helen ; John D., a physician 
 ;;, and surgeon by profession, who wedded Miss Ethel Booker and has one son. 
 
310 HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY ^-'Vvr^ 
 
 John D. ; William A., who married Miss Maude Shussler and is engaged in the 
 real-estate business at Galesburg; Walter L., who died when a youth of thirteen 
 years ; and Winfield Franklin, who is attending school. 
 
 In politics Mr. Bartlett is a republican and his fellow townsmen, recognizing 
 his worth and ability, have called him to several positions of public trust. He 
 served as a member of the board of education for twelve years, was alderman 
 of the fourth ward for one term and acted as a member of the board of super- 
 visors for two terms. Fraternally he is identified with the Masons, belonging 
 to Vesper Lodge, F. & A. M. ; Galesburg Chapter, No. 46, R. A. M. ; and Gales- 
 burg Commandery, No. 8, K. T. He serves as trustee and treasurer of the 
 Universalist church, to which his wife also belongs. They have spent their 
 entire lives in Knox county and enjoy an extensive and favorable acquaintance 
 within its borders. . .. . ,, . - - - - 
 
 -V V^v- : GEORGE CHURCHILL. v.:;;,V.:^:;:'; 
 
 An enumeration of the residents of Galesburg who have won honor and dis- 
 tinction and at the same time whose records have been an honor to the city, 
 would be incomplete and unsatisfactory were there failure to make prominent 
 reference to George Churchill. His work in behalf of public education would 
 alone entitle him to distinction and yet in other relations of life his labors were 
 equally commendable and were crowned with far-reaching and beneficial effects. 
 Progress and patriotism might well be termed the keynote of his character, 
 prompting his active cooperation in every movement for the public good and 
 his loyal support of the salient features of good citizenship. 
 
 Dr. Churchill was born in Herkimer county. New York, April 2, 1829, a 
 son of Norman and Ann (Eggleston) Churchill. The father first visited Illi- 
 nois early in the fall of 1836, at which time he purchased ten acres of land on 
 West Main street in Galesburg which is still known as the Churchill home. 
 To this he removed in 1839 and remained thereafter an active and honored 
 resident of this city where he passed away on the 2Oth of September, 1886, at 
 the age of eighty-seven years. He was born in Hubbardton, Vermont, Novem- 
 b^r 5, 1799, the son of the Rev. Jesse Churchill. 
 
 George Churchill was a lad- of only ten years when the family home was 
 established in Galesburg and from that time until his death he was an interested 
 witness of the changes which here occurred and the growth that wrought the 
 present prosperity of the city. He entered Knox College as a student in the 
 preparatory department in the first year of its history and when other prepara- 
 tions had qualified him for advanced study, he entered the college class and 
 was graduated in 1851. He then crossed the threshold of the business world, 
 spending a year as civil engineer in connection with the construction of the 
 Central Military Tract Railroad, which later became a part of the main line of 
 the Burlington. However, his interest in the cause of education had been 
 aroused and he was giving much time and thought to the study of the public- 
 school system. He recognized the fact that the schools in Galesburg and vicinity 
 were inadequate to the needs of a community that was g^rowing rapidly and he 
 
810 ' HISTORY OF KXOX COUNTY 
 
 John D. ; \\'illiaiii A., who married Miss Maude Shussler and is engaged in the 
 real-estate business at Galesburg; Walter L., who died when a youth of thirteen 
 years: and Winfield Franklin, who is attending school. ' 
 
 In politics Mr. llartlett is a republican and his fellow townsmen, recognizing 
 his worth and ability, have called him to several positions of public trust. He 
 served as a member of the board of education for twelve years, was alderman 
 of the fourth ward for one term and acted as a member of the board of super- 
 visors for two terms. Fraternally he is identified with the Masons, belonging 
 to Vesper Lodge. F. & A. M. ; Galesburg Chapter, Xo. 46, R. A. M. : and Gales- 
 burg Commandery. Xo. 8. K. T. He serves as trustee and treasurer of the 
 Universalist church, to which his wife also belongs. They have spent their 
 entire lives in Knox county and enjoy an extensive and favorable acquaintance 
 within its borders. . . , 
 
 : v' GEORGE CHURCHILL. , ; 
 
 An enumeration of the residents of Galesburg who have won honor and dis- 
 tinction and at the same time whose records have been an honor to the city, 
 would be incomplete and unsatisfactory were there failure to make j^rominent 
 reference to George Churchill. His work in behalf of public education would 
 alone entitle him to distinction and yet in other relations of life his labors were 
 equally commendable and were crowned with far-reaching and beneficial effects. 
 Progress and ])atriotism might well be termed the keynote of his character, 
 prompting his active coojieration in every movement for the public good and 
 his loyal sup])ort of the salient features of good citizenship. 
 
 Dr. Churchill was born in Herkimer county. Xew York, April 2, 1829, a 
 son of Xorman and Ann (Eggleston) Churchill. The father first visited Illi- 
 nois early in the fall of 1836, at which time he purchased ten acres of land on 
 West Main street in Galesburg which is still known as the Churchill home. 
 To this he removed in 1839 and remained thereafter an active and honored 
 resident of this city where he passed away on the 2oth of Se])tember, 1886, at 
 the age of eighty-seven years. He was born in Hubbardton, \'ermont, Xovem- 
 ber 5, 1799, the son of the Rev. Jesse Churchill. 
 
 George Churchill was a lad of only ten years when the family home was 
 established in Cjalesburg and from that time until his death he was an intere.sted 
 witness of the changes which here occurred and the grtiwth that wrought the 
 present prosperity of the city. He entered Knox College as a student in the 
 preparatory department in the first year of its history and when other prepara- 
 tions had (|ualified him for advanced study, he entered the college class and 
 was graduated in 1851. He then crossed the threshold of the business world, 
 spending a year as civil engineer in connection with the construction of the 
 Central Military Tract Railroad, which later became a part oi the main line of 
 the Burlington. However, his interest in the cause of education had been 
 aroused and he was giving much time and thought to the study of the public- 
 school system. He recognized the fact that the schools in Galesburg and vicinity 
 were inadecjuate to the needs of a community that was growing rapidly and he 
 
a -'.: ::v: ; ; ,; : HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY ^. ^^vV^ 
 
 desired to supplant that system by an improved one. This desire took him to 
 Europe in order that he might make a most thorough inspection of the schools 
 of Prussia. He carried with him letters from the United States secretary of 
 state which enabled him to gain an accurate knowledge of the system of instruc- 
 tion of the country which he visited. He gained many valuable ideas which 
 his practical ability enabled him to adapt to the needs of the Galesburg schools 
 and upon returning to this city he at once undertook the task of arousing public 
 sentiment in favor of an improved school system. He not only gave generously 
 of his time and energies but his work also made large inroads upon the small 
 salary that he received as a teacher. He did not hesitate, however, in the 
 accomplishment of his purpose and called to his assistance the Hon. Henry 
 Barnard, of Connecticut, who afterward received the first appointment as com- 
 missioner of education for the United States. His determined perseverance 
 finally resulted in procuring a special charter by which the former district 
 schools were consolidated and the foundation of the present system was laid. 
 The board of education has shown a just appreciation of Dr. Churchill's ser- 
 vices by naming one of the grammar schools in his honor and by adopting, on 
 the 1 4th of January, 1896, special resolutions commending him for his work. 
 He may well be termed the father of the public-school system of Galesburg, 
 for it received its impetus toward improvement from his untiring labors and 
 practical, far-reaching methods. For thirteen years he was a member of the 
 board of education and labored untiringly to arouse the standard of the schools. 
 
 This by no means comprised the extent of Dr. Churchill's public service or 
 indicates the limit of his usefulness. For twenty-two years he served as city 
 engineer and in other public oflSces labored for the welfare and upbuilding of 
 the city. For two terms he was alderman, for eight years was a member of the 
 board of park commissioners and for twenty-three years or until the time of 
 his death held a position on the library board. For forty-four years he was 
 one of the professors of Knox College, and that institution, ever regarded as 
 one of the strong and stable educational forces of the state, owes to him a debt 
 of gratitude which can never be paid. Far beyond any pecuniary recompense 
 that could be made him were his labors in behalf of the college. He never low- 
 ered the high standard which he set up but sought ever to work toward it and his 
 own enthusiasm and zeal constituted an inspiration to fellow teachers and pupils. 
 Of him it was written: "He was born to be useful; he was born to be good; 
 he was born especially as an educator of the youth." While he always strove 
 to attain high ideals his methods were ever practical and he proved his worth 
 and force in business circles as well as along professional lines. He became 
 one of the directors and the just president of the Mechanics Homestead & 
 Loan Association, occupying this position from its organization in 1882. Its 
 assets and disbursements in 1899 amounted to two and a half million dollars. 
 
 Dr. Churchill was married three times. He first wedded Clara A. Hurd and 
 to them was born a son, Milton F.. who is now professor of Pomona College at 
 Qaremont, California. His second wife was Ada H. Hayes and they had one 
 daughter and two sons: Mary H., now deceased; Charles F., an attorney of 
 Montclair, New Jersey; and George B., of Galesburg. For his third wife Dr. 
 Churchill chose Ellen Sanborn Watkins, who died five years ago, and they 
 had one son, William David. By a former marriage Mrs. Churchill also had 
 
314 > HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY >;:;:; 
 
 a daughter, Mrs. Nellie Sanborn (Watkins) Wetherbee. It was in 1851 that 
 Mrs. Churchill came with her parents from Bronfield, Illinois, to Knox county. 
 Previously they had been residents of Vermont. Her father, David Sanborn, 
 after coming to Galesburg, was engaged in the dry-goods business and later 
 became president of the Second National Bank. He was also prominently 
 connected with public affairs, at one time serving as postmaster of Galesburg, 
 and was active in the establishment of the Burlington railroad. He married 
 Sophie A. Ramsey and continued his residence in Galesburg until his death, 
 which occurred April 9, 1883. Their daughter, Mrs. Churchill, was first 
 married to Albert T. Watkins, who removed from New York to Illinois when 
 twenty years of age and died at the age of thirty years. He was engaged in the 
 grocery business in Galesburg and also owned and operated one of the first 
 presses for baling hay, selling his product to the army during the Civil war. He 
 afterward aided in organizing the Second National Bank and was a very promi- 
 nent and influential business man and citizen here, but death terminated his 
 career at an early age. 
 
 The death of Dr. Churchill occurred in September, 1899. As a man and citi- 
 zen he was very popular, readily winning the friendship of those with whom he 
 came in contact while his sterling traits of manhood enabled him to retain their 
 high regard. Added to his keen intelligence and strong manhood was a most 
 amiable and cordial disposition. He was reported as a man of strong character 
 and marked individuality and it was known that his position was never an 
 equivocal one. He was always a friend to the poor and gave generously of his 
 means where assistance was needed. At the age of sixteen years he became a 
 member of the First Congregational church and later placed his membership 
 with its successor, the Central Congregational church. He was a member of the 
 building committee of the new church. From the time that he identified himself 
 with a religious organization he took an active part in church work, serving for 
 fourteen years as deacon, for twenty-five years as superintendent of the Sun- 
 day school and for more than a half century as leader of the choir. One of the 
 local papers said : "There is scarcely a department inaugurated for the im- 
 provement of the city or for the betterment of the conditions of its people with- 
 out a trace of his handiwork. He has been part and parcel of the city of Gales- 
 burg and of Knox College almost from their inception and his life record is 
 inseparably interwoven with their history." A review of his life indicates that 
 he was ever faultless in honor, 'fearless in conduct and stainless in reputation. 
 
 '>;';: WILLIAM ALLEN 
 
 William Allen Robbins, who has maintained his residence in Knox county 
 for forty-five consecutive years, is one of the prominent and esteemed citizens 
 of Galesburg and since 1906 has been engaged in the real-estate and insurance 
 business as a member of the firm of Bartlett & Robbins. His birth occurred in 
 the old town of Oxford, Henry county, Illinois, on the loth of April, 1851, his 
 parents being Edward S. and Temperance (Allen) Robbins, both of whom 
 were natives of the state of New York. The paternal grandfather, Levi Rob- 
 
. ^ y Vv : ' HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY *-;^^" 315 
 
 bins, was a native of Massachusetts. Both he and his wife, Mrs. Dinah (Good- 
 enough) Robbins, passed away in Copenhagen, Lewis county. New York. He 
 was an agriculturist by .occupation and enjoyed an enviable reputation as a 
 prominent, popular and highly esteemed citizen of his community. At the time 
 of his demise he was one hundred years and five months old. His first wife, 
 the grandmother of our subject, was more than seventy years of age when 
 called to her final rest. Their children were as follows: Austin. Edward, Levi, 
 Orrin and Chloe. The maternal great-grandfather of our subject was Ebenezer 
 A. Denison, son of Daniel, and was born on the 26th of January, 1760. In 1784 
 he wedded Mrs. Elizabeth (Spencer) Jones, with whom he resided in Berne, 
 Albany county. New York. The founder of the Denison family in the United 
 States was William Denison, who came to America in 1631, settling at Rox- 
 bury, Massachusetts. The maternal grandparents of William A. Robbins were 
 William and Catharine (Denison) Allen, the former born at Groton. Connecti- 
 cut, on the 3ist of October, 1782, and the latter in 1786. Both died in Lewis 
 county. New York, William Allen passing away in the '7os and his wife at 
 the age of eighty-seven years. Unto them were born eleven children who lived 
 to maturity and had families; Avery, Eliza, Temperance, Ebenezer, Ephraim. 
 Elizabeth, Ira, Hannah, Orpha, Paulina and Lydia. 
 
 Edward S. Robbins, the father of Mr. Robbins of this review, was reared 
 on a farm in Lewis county. New York, and in 1836 located among the earliest 
 settlers of Knox county, taking up government land near Log City, where he 
 began farming. Subsequently he spent a number of years in Sparta township 
 and later removed to a farm in Henry county. Disposing of the property, he 
 took up his abode in Galesburg, on the 8th of March, 1866, and here passed 
 away at the age of seventy-eight years. The death of his wife occurred when 
 she was eighty-two years old. They were originally Baptists in religious faith 
 but at the time of their demise and for many years prior were identified with the 
 Second Adventists. Edward S. Robbins successfully practiced medicine for a 
 number of years. Unto him and his wife were born five children, as follows: 
 Edward C. D., who died while serving as a captain in the Civil war and was 
 buried in the Vicksburg National Cemetery ; Mildred E., who first wedded 
 Albert T. Boyd and is now the wife of George H. Hotaling, of Grant City, 
 Missouri; Orpha C., who is the widow of Joseph Pine and resides in Gales- 
 burg; William A., of this review; and Levi, who died in infancy. 
 
 William Allen Robbins, whose name introduces this review, remained on 
 his father's farm in Henry county until fifteen years of age and then came 
 to Knox county, within the borders of which he has since resided. He began 
 his education in the country schools and later spent two years in the public 
 schools of Galesburg. When a youth of seventeen years he put aside his text- 
 books and entered the grocery store of Dunn & Kingsbury, serving as a clerk 
 for three years. He then spent about a year, in 1871, with the Frost Manu- 
 facturing Company and next became an employe of George D. Crocker, whom 
 he served in the capacity of clerk for about seven years. On the expiration 
 of that period he became a partner of his employer and the relation was main- 
 tained with mutual pleasure and profit for twenty-six years. In 1893-4 Messrs. 
 Crocker and Robbins erected the Arlington Hotel. Mr. Robbins was the pioneer 
 in the pure- food movement in this section. In 1906, one year after severing his 
 
316 / ' HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY 
 
 business connection with Mr. Crocker, he became a partner of Mr. Bartlett 
 in the real-estate and insurance business and has since enjoyed a gratifying 
 clientage as a member of the firm of Bartlett & Robbins. He owns farm lands 
 in Cass and Steele counties, North Dakota, and has followed general agricultural 
 pursuits there for six years, maintaining his residence, however, in Galesburg. 
 
 On the I3th of October, 1874, Mr. Robbins was united in marriage to Miss 
 Nettie E. Carr, a daughter of Dr. M. S. and Susan M. (Espy) Carr. They 
 had two children, namely: Elizabeth, who gave her hand in marriage to E. L. 
 Tilden and resides in Buffalo, New York; and Elmer A., who died at the age 
 of ten years. 'kvv- ! 
 
 In politics Mr. Robbins is a stanch republican, loyally supporting the men 
 and measures of that party. He was a deacon of the First Baptist church for 
 twenty-seven years and acted as chairman of the board for seventeen years. 
 His wife is likewise a devoted and faithful member of that church. His career 
 has been one of continuous activity, in which has been accorded due recognition 
 of labor and today he is numbered among the substantial and representative 
 citizens of his county. 
 
 /^:.vV^ CHARLES A. MALCOLM. ; :r . 
 
 * ' *, ; ">''.' ' : ."'.*_"-. 
 
 Charles A. Malcolm, an agriculturist now residing in Ontario township, was 
 born on the 22d of April, 1866, in Safsjo, in the central part of Sweden, his 
 parents being John and Johanna (Charlotta) Malcolm, both of whom are na- 
 tives of Sweden, the former having been born there on the 2gth of January, 
 1837. In his native land John Malcolm was engaged in farming until he set out 
 for America, in 1868, with his family, locating first near Andover, Henry county, 
 Illinois. The trip across the country from Genoa to Andover was made with 
 teams in a heavy hail and rain storm, this being but one of the many hardships 
 which the travelers in those early days encountered. Because of his lack of ex- 
 perience Mr. Malcolm was forced at first to accept inferior employment, his first 
 work being plowing corn at fifty cents per day. But earnest and persistent labor 
 always leads to better fortunes and Mr. Malcolm was soon ready to undertake 
 the cultivation of a small tract of land and later purchased a small piece of 
 property for himself. After ' fourteen years he added twenty acres and subse- 
 quently purchased forty acres of timber land, which he cleared and started to 
 farm. Disposing of the various holdings, he bought one hundred and sixty acres 
 of valuable land, upon which he resided for twenty-seven years before removing 
 to his present farm. At one time he held three hundred and twenty acres of land 
 in the county and eighty acres in Henry county, but he is now living retired, hav- 
 ing sold all of his property to his children. His home is now called Malcolm- 
 ville and the other farm which he at one time owned was called Malcolm Dandy. 
 Mrs. Malcolm passed away on the 23d of February, 1909, in Knox county, at 
 the age of seventy-two years. 
 
 Charles A. Malcolm received his education in the common schools and spent 
 much of his youth in assisting his father on the home farm, here having his first 
 experience in the occupation he was to make his life work. Desiring to start out 
 
Q 
 
 
 
316 , HISTORY OF KXOX COUNTY ' 
 
 business connection with Mr. Crocker, he became a partner of Mr. Bartlett 
 in the real-estate and insurance business and has since enjoyed a gratifying 
 clientage as a member of the firm of Bartlett & Robbins. He owns farm lands 
 in Cass and Steele counties, North Dakota, and has followed general agricultural 
 pursuits there for six years, maintaining his residence, however, in Galesburg. 
 
 On the I3th of October, 1874, Mr. Robbins was united in marriage to Miss 
 Nettie E. Carr. a daughter of Dr. M. S. and Susan M, (Espy) Carr. They 
 had two children, namely : Elizabeth, who gave her hand in marriage to E. L. 
 Tilden and resides in Buffalo, New York; and Elmer A., who died at the age 
 of ten years. 
 
 In politics Mr. Robbins is a stanch republican, loyally supporting the men 
 and measures of that party. He was a deacon of the First Baptist church for 
 twenty-seven years and acted as chairman of the board for seventeen years. 
 His wife is likewise a devoted and faithful member of that church. His career 
 has been one of continuous activity, in which has been accorded due recognition 
 of labor and today he is numbered among the substantial and representative 
 citizens of his countv. 
 
 . CHARLES A. MALCOLM. 
 
 Charles A. Malcolm, an agriculturist now residing in Ontario township, was 
 born on the 22d of April, 1866, in Safsjo, in the central part of Sweden, his 
 parents being John and Johanna (Charlotta) Malcolm, both of whom are na- 
 tives of Sweden, the former having been born there on the 29th of January, 
 1837. In his native land John Malcolm was engaged in farming until he set out, 
 for America, in 1868, with his family, locating first near Andover, Henry county, 
 Illinois. The trip across the country from Genoa to Andover was made with 
 teams in a heavy hail and rain storm, this Ijeing but one of the many hardships 
 which the travelers in those early days encountered. Because of his lack of ex- 
 perience Mr. Malcolm was forced at first to accept inferior employment, his first 
 work being plowing corn at fifty cents per day. But earnest and persistent labor 
 always leads to better fortunes and Mr. .^lalcolm was soon ready to undertake 
 tbe cultivation of a small tract of land and later purchased a small piece of 
 property for himself. After fourteen years he added twenty acres and subse- 
 quently jnirchased forty acres of timber land, which he cleared and started to^ 
 farm. Disposing of the various holdings, he Ixiught one hundred and sixty acres 
 of valuable land, upon which he resided for twenty-seven years before removing 
 to his present farm. At one time he held three hundred and twenty acres of land 
 in the county and eighty acres in Henry county, but he is now living retired, hav- 
 ing sold all of his property to his children. His home is now called Malcolm- 
 ville and the other farm which he at one time owned was called Malcolm Dandy. 
 Mrs. Malcolm passed away on the 23d of February, 1909, in Knox county, at 
 the age of seventy-two years. . ' | . 
 
 Charles A. Malcolm received his education in the common schools and spent 
 much of his youth in assisting his father on the home farm, here having his first 
 experience in the occupation he was to make his life work. Desiring to start out 
 
^;:> HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY ;; 819 
 
 independently, he farmed for six years in Henry county and then for seven years 
 just south of his present location. In January, 1909, he removed to his present 
 farm and has since been engaged in general farming and raising hogs. His prop- 
 erty is known as "Fairview farm." 
 
 On the 25th of December, 1895, Mr. Malcolm was married to Miss Delphia 
 C. Walgreen, a daughter of John P. and Anna (Fredericks) Walgreen, who have 
 been connected with the agricultural interests of Knox county for many years. 
 At present Mr. Walgreen is residing in Altona, where he is living retired. He 
 is one of the oldest settlers of the county, having come here over fifty years ago. 
 To Mr. and Mrs. Malcolm seven children have been born. Violet E. J., Ger- 
 maine I. W., Weslye W., Ludella V. G., Curtis C., Myrna A. C., and Pauline 1. M. 
 
 In politics Mr. Malcolm gives his support to the republican party, taking an 
 active interest in all the measures proposed for political welfare. He also holds 
 membership in the Swedish Lutheran church and is interested in the incorporated 
 bank of Galva and in the elevators at Oneida and Nekoma. In connection with 
 the development of his property he has exercised good judgment and under his 
 management it is yielding profitable crops in return for the labor expended upon 
 it, and as a citizen he is highly estemed in the community where he has always 
 resided. . , . - .. - .. .. v.. .,,..., ,. 
 
 :;;..--.,, WILLIAM LORENZO BELDEN. -'I;: v'-V^'^j-^;; 
 
 William Lorenzo Belden is a retired farmer of Galesburg, who for many 
 years was associated with general agricultural pursuits in Orange township and 
 also engaged in the practice of veterinary surgery. The success which crowned 
 his labors enables him at the present time to enjoy the comforts of life without 
 further recourse to business activity. He was born at Cayuga Lake, New York, 
 in 1836, a son of Alonzo and Hannah (Swartz) Relden, who were also natives 
 of the Empire state. They removed to Ohio when their son William was a 
 lad of seven years and in 1850 came to Knox county, Illinois. The father was a 
 plasterer by trade and spent his last years in this county, while his wife died in 
 Nebraska, where she had gone after the death of her husband. In their family 
 were seven children, of whom William L. and a brother, George C., are the 
 only ones now living. Two of the brothers served as soldiers in the Union 
 army during the Civil war, George C. and Charles, who was killed by the 
 notorious Rand at Gilson. 
 
 After spending the first seven years of his life in the state of New York, 
 William L. Belden accompanied his parents to Ohio and for about seven years 
 was a resident of Marion county, that state. He came to Knox county, Illinois, 
 when a lad of fourteen years and for more than six decades has resided within 
 its borders, witnessing the many changes which have occurred as the work of 
 development and improvement has been carried forward. Settling in Orange 
 township, near Knoxville, he began farming and from a timber tract developed 
 a richly improved farm of eighty-eight and three-fourths acres. He made all 
 of the improvements upon the place, set out an orchard, erected substantial 
 buildings and built good fences. Year after year the work was carried steadily 
 
320 ' -r . HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY T ;- > : 
 
 forward and, as the result of early spring plowing and planting, good crops 
 were gathered in the autumn. The methods which he pursued in the develop- 
 ment of his land were both practical and progressive and his crops found a 
 ready sale on the market. He continued to make his home upon his farm until 
 1911, when he left the care of the property to others and took up his abode in 
 Galesburg, where he is now living. He still owns the old home place and while 
 residing thereon he engaged in the practice of veterinary surgery. 
 
 In 1865 Mr. Belden was united in marriage to Miss Emily Hawley, who 
 was born in Orange township, this county, and is a daughter of Henry and 
 Sarah (Westerfield) Hawley. Her father came to Illinois from New York and 
 established his home in Orange township, where he carried on farming through- 
 out his remaining days. To him and his wife were born eight children, of whom 
 two sons and two daughters yet survive, all being residents of Knox county. 
 The children of Mr. and Mrs. Belden are : Henry A., who follows farming in 
 Kansas; Nellie, the wife of Charles Miller, of Iowa; Loretta, the wife of Milo 
 Brown, also of Kansas ; Mrs. Mattie Bowhay, who likewise makes her home 
 m the Sunflower state; and Zenana, yet at home. 
 
 On attaining his majority William L. Belden proudly cast his first vote for 
 republican candidates and has since stanchly supported the party. He has 
 served as road commissioner and in other local offices but has not sought or 
 desired political preferment. From the age of fourteen years he has been a 
 member of the Methodist Episcopal church and has guided his life by its teach- 
 ings, ever endeavoring to follow the Golden Rule. Undoubtedly he has made 
 mistakes as who has not but they have been of judgment rather than of 
 intention, for at all times he has sought to do to others as he would have them 
 do unto him. He has now reached the advanced age of seventy-five years and 
 during sixty-one years of this time has been a resident of Knox county, so that 
 he has witnessed much of its progress and improvement, aiding at different 
 times in work that has contributed to its growth and development. He has 
 personal knowledge of many things which are to others matters of history and 
 his memory recalls many interesting events of the early days. ; - 
 
 - '.;-i--; LOREN STEVENS. -W -\:.::: 
 
 Loren Stevens had for seven years occupied the responsible position of 
 cashier in the First National Bank when he retired to private life to enjoy the 
 fruits of his labor. He now gives his supervision only to his investments which 
 include loans and real-estate interests. He was born in Chittenden county, Ver- 
 mont, May 25, 1845, the younger of the two sons of Cassius P. and Clamentia 
 (Smith) Stevens, both of whom were natives of Vermont. He comes of ances- 
 try represented in the Revolutionary war, his great-grandfather having been 
 Abram Stevens, who was born in Killingsworth, Connecticut, and at the age of 
 sixteen years joined the Continental army under the valorous leader of the Ver- 
 mont troops. General Seth Warner. He afterward became colonel under Mont- 
 gomery and for many years lived to enjoy the fruits of liberty, his death occur-' 
 ring in 1830. He was a native of England and had come to the new world with 
 
;l: '<v^ r-'--; ::^ ^^ .HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY ; ' : ^' ' 321 
 
 two brothers. His son, Alonzo Stevens, was born in Vermont and served his 
 country as a soldier in the war of 1812, while later he became colonel in the state 
 militia. He devoted his life tQ farming and died at the age of seventy years, 
 having long survived his wife. They were the parents of two sons and six 
 daughters, Cassius P., Alonzo J., Lucia, Mary, Almira, Louisa, Cornelia and 
 Rosamond. The maternal grandfather of Loren Stevens was Thomas Smith, 
 who was born on November lo, 1765. He spent his entire life in the Green 
 Mountain state, devoting his time and energies to farming. His death occurred 
 May 17, 1837, and his wife, Mrs. Mollie Smith, who was born July 24, 1768, died 
 on the 1 3th of January, 1834. Their family numbered ten sons and a daughter, 
 Repline, Hiram, Philemon, Loren, Orrin, Roswell, Sidney, Ceylon, Loyal, Lou- 
 don and Clamentia. 
 
 : : Like others of the family Cassius P. Stevens devoted his life to farm work, 
 owning and cultivating a tract of land in Chittenden county, Vermont, where 
 his worth as a business man and citizen was widely acknowledged. Both he and 
 his wife were consistent and faithful members of the Methodist church, closely 
 following its teachings. His death occurred in 1892, when he was seventy- 
 seven years of age and his wife passed away in 1876 when sixty-one years of age. 
 Their eldest son, Byron A., died in 1895, leaving Loren Stevens the only surviv- 
 ing member of the family. 
 
 ^ During the first twenty years of his life Loren Stevens remained a resident 
 of Vermont, residing on his father's farm until seventeen years of age. During 
 that period he attended the district school and for a short time pursued an academ- 
 ical course. After leaving home he engaged in driving a team for one sum- 
 mer and during the following fall entered the employ of the Central Vermont 
 Railroad Company but gave up that position to attend business college when 
 eighteen years of age, recognizing how necessary is educational training for 
 success in life. After completing his course he was offered and accepted the 
 position of teacher in the same institution, there remaining for a year and a 
 half, but thinking that the west offered better and broader opf>ortunities he made 
 his way to Ohio, where he spent the fall and winter of 1865. In the spring of 
 1866 he came to Galesburg, where he has now lived for more than forty-five 
 years. Here he entered the office of the Brown Cornplanter Works with which 
 he was connected for a year and later spent two years in the office of Benjamin 
 Lombard, Jr., as bookkeeper. The head man of the Brown Works died in the 
 meantime and Mr. Stevens was then offered the vacant position, remaining 
 there as secretary of the company for seventeen years, or until 1886. He then 
 turned his attention to buying and selling real estate and making loans and 
 that business together with traveling occupied his time for ten years. He next 
 entered the First National Bank as cashier, continuing in the position for seven 
 years, when he retired from active business save that he still makes loans, his 
 keen discrimination and sound judgment largely preventing the possibility of 
 loss in that direction. He also owns a large orange orchard at Riverside, Cali- 
 fornia. 
 
 Mr. Stevens was married. May 25. 1870, on his twenty-fifth birthday and 
 exactly four years after his arrival in Galesburg, to Miss Lizzie C. Simmons, 
 who died on the 26th of March, 1911, when nearly sixty-three years of age. 
 She was a member of the Universalist church. Mr. Stevens has traveled quite 
 
 
322 HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY ...;.. 
 
 extensively, visiting every state in the Union, as well as the West Indies, old 
 Mexico and the Hawaiian islands, besides various parts of Canada from Van- 
 couver to Quebec. He was a charter member of the Galesburg Club and is 
 also a member of the Country Club. His political allegiance has ever been 
 given to the republican party and for two years he served as mayor of the city, 
 having been elected in the spring of 1889. He has ever been recognized as a 
 public-spirited citizen whose aid and cooperation can be counted upon to further 
 progressive public measures. A review of his life indicates that he has made 
 wise use of his time and opportunities, has utilized the chances for careful and 
 remunerative investment and now as a result of his labors, intelligently directed, 
 he stands among the prosperous residents of his adopted city. -.. - 
 
 i'\ '''-SA C'i ' OLEY C. NELSON. ^ ; v -;;- i/.;:;. '; ^.}- ;',' ' 
 
 Oley C. Nelson, who owns a farm adjacent to Knoxville that he is now 
 operating, has been a resident of this county for fifty-nine years. He was born .' 
 in Sweden, on the i4th of November, 1836, and is a son of Carl and Hannah 
 (Ingamonson) Nelson, for some years numbered among the farming people of ' 
 this county. Carl Nelson, who was born in 1813, engaged in agricultural pur- ,' 
 suits in his native land until 1852, when he disposed of his interests there and 
 together with his wife and family took passage for the United States. They 
 landed in New York city seven weeks later and came from there directly to 
 Knox county, which was their destination. Here the father subsequently bought 
 some land, to the further cultivation and improvement of which he devoted 
 his attention until his death in September, 1854, at the age of forty-two years. 
 The mother survived until 1885. Their family consisted of three sons and 
 one daughter, of whom our subject is the eldest, the others being as follows : 
 Swan, who is deceased ; John, who is living in Knoxville ; and Sarah, the widow ; 
 of Ola Peterson, who was living in Essex, Iowa. Oley C. Nelson was a youth 
 of sixteen years when he emigrated to the United States with his parents and 
 acquired his education in the schools of his native land, the course there pur- 
 sued being later supplemented by one term's study in the district schools of ' 
 Knox county in the winter of 1855, for the benefit of his English. Long be- 
 fore leaving Sweden he had begun to assist his father in the fields, his energies . 
 ever since having been devoted to agricultural pursuits with the exception of 
 ten years, when he prospected in Colorado. At the expiration of that period 
 he returned to Knox county and again engaged in farming, locating on the 
 place where he now resides. Mr. Nelson has met with a fair degree of success 
 in his undertakings, being an industrious and enterprising man of practical' 
 ideas and thrifty habits. 
 
 Knoxville was the scene of Mr. Nelson's marriage, on the 6th of October, 
 1867, to Miss Hannah Erickson, who was born in the southern part of Sweden, 
 on February 3, 1851. She is a daughter of Ola and Ellen (Johnson) Erickson, 
 who emigrated to the United States in 1852, locating on a farm a mile and a 
 half from Knoxville, where they passed the remainder of their lives, the father 
 passing away in 1904, at the age of ninety-two years and the mother in 1908. 
 
;>\-;:;v :: < : HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY -^ 323 
 
 eighty-three years of age. By a former marriage Mrs, Erickson had one son, 
 John Nelson, who now lives in Knox county, and Mr. and Mrs. Erickson had 
 in their family beside Mrs. Nelson, their eldest daughter, the following in order 
 of birth : Emma, the deceased wife of Michael E. Schuck, of Pennsylvania ; 
 Erick, who is living in Kansas ; Joseph, who passed away in that state ; Jacob, 
 who is also a resident of Kansas ; Olaf , who lives in Knoxville ; Emanuel, living 
 in Kansas and one who died in infancy. Mr. and ^rs. Nelson have become 
 the parents of eight children, three of whom are now deceased. August, who 
 is living in Knoxville, married Mary Anderson and they have four children: 
 Naomi, Howard, Sterling and Lorenz. Rosie, who is the only living daughter 
 of Mr. and Mrs. Nelson, is the wife of William Carlson of Knoxville and the 
 mother of two sons, Laverne and Francis. Albert, who is a resident of Wataga, 
 chose for his wife Mattie E. Foster and they have two children. Alberta and 
 Oliver, and eight grandchildren. Oscar and Joseph, the two youngest members 
 of the family, are living at home with their parents. 
 
 The family are all members of the Swedish Evangelical Lutheran church, 
 and number among its congregation many friends. Mr. Nelson, who is now 
 seventy-five years of age, is one of the highly esteemed citizens that Sweden 
 has contributed to Knox county, where his energy and application has num- 
 bered him among the successful agriculturists. 
 
 '.:':.: -; '":::/'^- /' .-,. :,', .'; ^:'. .; '^'^: HENRY EMRICH. V^;:^: ^'^.. ''. \ '-:;:-v,;^> ;>.^'.;^ 
 
 Henry Emrich, president of the Plaindealer Printing Company, was born 
 January 26, 1844, in a little village in Hesse-Darmstadt, five miles from Bingen- 
 on-the-Rhine, Germany. His mother died in 1850 and two years later Mr. 
 Emrich, with his father and brother, came to the United States, living in New 
 York city until 1856, when with his father he came to Galesburg. In December, 
 1858, he entered the Free Democrat printing office as an apprentice and in 
 1862, when just eighteen years of age, he enlisted in Company H of the Thir- 
 teenth Illinois Cavalry, participating with his regiment, or on special duty, in 
 nearly every campaign in southeastern Missouri, northeastern Arkansas, the 
 capture of Little Rock and the operations in and around central and south- 
 eastern Arkansas. After the capture of Little Rock in September, 1863, and 
 some special duty as orderly at the headquarters of Major General Eugene A. 
 Carr, Mr. Emrich was permanently attached as orderly at the headquarters of 
 the First Brigade, First Division, Seventh Army Corps, General Samuel A. 
 Rice commanding, and in that capacity took part in what is known as "the 
 Camden trip," during which General Rice was twice wounded, the second 
 wound proving fatal, while Captain Townsend, one of General Rice's aids, was 
 killed and another aid's horse and Adjutant John F. Lacey's horse were wounded. 
 Mr. Emrich's horse was struck twice in the same moment by canister shot on 
 April 2d and his eyes injured by an exploding shell on the loth of April, 1864. 
 The death of General Rice dissolved the "headquarters family," Major Lacey 
 being attached to the headquarters of Major General Fred Steele, commanding 
 
324 HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY 
 
 the Seventh Army Corps, and a few days later Mr. Emrich was attached to 
 the same headquarters for special duty, thus serving to the end of his enlistment. 
 
 Being mustered out of the service in 1865, Mr. Emrich returned home and 
 resumed the printer's trade in the office of the Quincy Herald, but a few 
 months later returned to Galesburg and took a position in the office of the Free 
 Democrat, in which he had learned his trade some years before. , 
 
 In 1867 Mr. Emrich, was married to Miss Caroline Rulf and to them five 
 children were born. In 1870, in connection with Joe Prior, Mr. Emrich began 
 the publication of the Galesburg Republican and in 1872 he went to Quincy, ., 
 
 where he again entered the Herald office, remaining there until December, v- ;^.; - 
 1879, when he returned to Galesburg and purchased an interest in the Plain- ';' 
 dealer, which paper is mentioned elsewhere in this volume. ' : 
 
 : In politics Mr. Emrich has always been a republican, taking an active part - '.- 
 personally and editorially in every campaign during the past thirty -three years. 
 He and the Plaindealer presented General P. S. Post to the republicans of the ;>/ 
 then tenth congressional district as a candidate for congress in 1886, the General . , - ,' 
 being elected and remaining in congress until his death in 1893, when Mr. r.; .:. 
 Emrich and the Plaindealer presented the Hon. George W. Prince as his sue- vV'-; : 
 cessor and he has represented the district ever since. In city affairs Mr. Em- , \ .,- 
 rich has also taken an active part, always striving -for good municipal govern- . ;..:^ 
 ment and the advancement of the material prosperity of the city. He is a :'v ^V 
 member of the Central Congregational church, taking an active interest in the V X- 
 conduct and work of that institution. As a citizen and business man he stands .^ :.";; 
 well in the community and his personal friends are many. He is a member of ',, ; 
 the Galesburg Club and of Post No. 45, G. A. R., having been commander of . ,v , 
 that post and junior vice commander of the Department of Illinois and a fre- :.':.. 
 quent delegate to the national encampments. ; ; , ... . 
 
 :".,^:';- JOHN C. FAHNESTOCK. ^V/j/v- Vv 
 
 John C. Fahnestock is well known in the business circles of Galesburg, having 
 handled land and immigration interests for the Atchison, Topeka & Santa Fe 
 Railroad and at present conducting a general insurance and real-estate business. 
 He is now in the seventy-fourth year of his age but is yet very active, and such 
 a record should put to shame many a man of much younger years who has 
 grown weary of the struggles of life and wishes to relegate to others the burdens 
 that he should bear. Mr. Fahnestock was born October 20, 1838, in Warren, Qies- 
 ter county, Pennsylvania, his parents being William and Ann Elizabeth (Ernst) 
 Fahnestock. He traces his ancestry back to Diedrich and Margarette Fahne- 
 stock, who emigrated from Prussia in 1726 and settled near Ephrata, Pennsyl- 
 vania, where representatives of the name have since been found. J . rv ; ;', 
 
 John C. Fahnestock was educated at Blair Hall in his native county and, en- 
 tering business life, became connected with the sale of books and stationery. He 
 has been a resident of Galesburg since 1865, conducting a book and stationery 
 business for several years, after which he acted as land and immigration agent 
 for the Atchison, Topeka & Santa Fe Railroad for ten years. His time is now 
 

324 HISTORY OF KXOX COUNTY 
 
 the Seventh Army Corps, aiul a fe\v tlays later Mr. Emrich was attached to 
 the same headquarters for special duty, thus serving to the end of his enlistment. . 
 
 Being mustered out of the service in 1865, Mr. Emrich returned home and 
 resumed the printer's trade in the office of the Quincy Herald, but a few 
 months later returned to Galesburg and took a position in the office of the Free 
 Democrat, in which he had learned his trade some years before. j 
 
 In 1867 Mr. Emrich was married to Miss Caroline Rulf and to them five 
 children were bom. In 1870, in connection with Joe Prior, Mr. Emrich began 
 the publication of the Galesburg Republican and in 1872 he went to Quincy, 
 where he again entered the Herald office, remaining there until December, 
 1879, when he returned to Galesburg and purchased an interest in the Plain- ; 
 dealer, which paper is mentioned elsewhere in this volume. 
 
 In politics Mr. Enu'ich has always been a republican, taking an active part 
 personally and editorially in every campaign during the past thirty-three years. 
 He and the Plaindealer presented General P. S. Post to the rei)ublicans of the 
 then tenth congressional district as a candidate for congress in 1886, the General 
 being elected and remaining in congress until his death in 1893, when Mr. 
 Emrich and the Plaindealer presented the Hon. George W. Prince as his suc- 
 cessor and he has rei)resented the district ever since. In city affairs Mr. Em- 
 rich has also taken an active ])art. always striving -for good municipal govern- 
 ment and the advancement of the material prosperity of the city. He is a ' 
 member of the Central Congregational church, taking an active interest in the 
 conduct and work of that institution. As a citizen and business man he stands 
 well in the community and his personal friends are many. He is a member of 
 the Galesburg Club and of Post Xo. 45, G. A. R., having been commander of 
 that post and junior vice commander of the Department of Illinois and a fre- . 
 quent delegate to the national encampments. , 
 
 JOHX C. FAHXESTOCK. ;, 
 
 John C. Falinestock is well known in the business circles of Cialesburg, having 
 handled land and immigration interests for the Atchison, Topeka & Santa Fe 
 Railroad and at present conducting a general insurance and real-estate business. 
 He is now in the seventy-fourth year of his age but is yet very active, and such 
 a record should ])Ut to shame many a man of much younger years who has 
 grown weary of the struggles of life and wishes to relegate to others the burdens 
 that he should bear. .Mr. Fahnestock was born October 20, 1838, in Warren, Ches- 
 ter county, Pennsylvania, his parents being \\illiam and Ann Elizabeth (Ernst) 
 Fahnestock. He traces his ancestry back to Diedrich and Margarette I'ahne- 
 stock, who emigrated from Prussia in 1726 and settled near Ejjhrata, Pennsyl- 
 vania, where rei)resentatives of the name have since been found, 
 
 John C, Fahnestock was educated at IMair Hall in his native county and, en- 
 tering business life, became connected with the sale of books and stationery. He 
 has been a resident of Galesburg since i8r5, conducting a book and stationery 
 business for several years, after which he acted as land and immigration agent 
 for the Atchison, Topeka & Santa I'e Railroad for ten years. His time is now 
 
i^^iJXr J : ' HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY / " '^;- ^ 327 
 
 f, '..'. V.' ."'*.,-. ' ' 
 
 fully occupied by his real-estate and insurance business, and these different lines 
 are well managed by reason of his sound judgment, his earnest purpose and his 
 wise use of opportunities. 
 
 : On the 7th of November, 1878, in Galesburg, Mr. Fahnestock was married to 
 Miss Grace D. Carr, a daughter of Clark M. and Fanny L. Carr, of this city. She 
 is the only sister of General Eugene A. Carr, now deceased. Colonel B. O. Carr, 
 Rev. Horace M. Carr, Hon. Clark E. Carr and Captain George P. Carr, whose 
 early death by accident, occurred in 1871. Unto Mr. and Mrs. Fahnestock were 
 born two children: Fanny E., who married Alfred Williams and died May 12, 
 1906; and Grace, the wife of Dr. Thomas F. Birmingham, of Galesburg. 
 
 Mr. Fahnestock gives his political allegiance to the republican party and, 
 while never an aspirant for office, has always been loyal to its principles and a sup- 
 porter of its activities. His social connections are with the Galesburg Club and 
 his religious faith is that of the Presbyterian church. He is well known in this 
 city, where sterling traits of character have placed him in a high position in pub- 
 lic regard. V ' 
 
 ? : - ;'- HENRY P. BURGLAND. ^ / 
 
 In a h'story of the successful men of Galesburg mention should be made 
 of Henry P. Burgland, who is now living retired. Industry, unfaltering and 
 persistent, has been the basis of hi.' , success, enabling him to work his way 
 gradually upward. He was born in Sweden, April 20, 1834, and was reared 
 and educated there, after which he entered business circles as a dealer in live 
 stock and sold meat from a market place, as was the custom at that time. He 
 came to America in 1854, then a young man of twenty years, hoping that he 
 would here find better business opportunities than could be secured in the old 
 world. He did not tarry on the Atlantic coast but made his way at once into 
 the interior of the country with Galesburg as his destination. Afterward he 
 resided for a time in Bishop Hill, Avon and Monmouth but returned to this 
 city where he has since made his home, living here for more than half a cen- 
 tury, during which period he has witnessed much of its growth and develop- 
 ment and to a considerable extent, in a quiet way, has aided in its progress. 
 Embarking in business here, he opened a meat market which he conducted for 
 many years, carrying always a good line, which in combination with his straight- 
 forward and honorable dealing, brought to him constantly growing success. 
 He likewise bought and shipped live stock and both branches of his business 
 proved profitable. He early recognized the fact that energy and determination 
 are the basis of advancement, and by reason of these qualities he has worked 
 his way steadily upward. On account of illness years ago he retired from busi- 
 ness for a time and made two trips to Sweden for the benefit of his health, 
 there visiting the friends of his youth and the scenes among which his bo)'hood 
 days had been passed. For a quarter of a century he has lived retired, enjoying 
 the fruit of his former toil. After ceasing to carry on the meat market, he 
 continued to buy stock for some time but ultimately withdrew from all trade 
 connections. 
 
 '..',"V:Tot 1116 . -;:".'/';;:,:'. - ,: .- -V/^''/^'-. ;;.;.'''; '-'vV:*'." -;''..' \ -^ ', . ;.:.- ;;'? -i'"'/ '>' 
 
;. 328 :: HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY -, : ;: ' v : 
 
 ;;. December 23, 1856, Henry P. Burgland was united in marriage to Miss 
 
 Matilda Nelson and they became the parents of six children, of whom three 
 ; are now living: Jennie B., who is the widow of Charles A. Peterson, who for 
 ! many years conducted a shoe store ; Amanda, at home ; and Edward O, The 
 parents are both members of the First Swedish Fvangelical Lutheran church 
 and for a long period Mr. Burgland was regarded as one of its leading repre- 
 : sentatives, serving for many years as a trustee and taking an active and helpful 
 interest in all of the church work. His religious belief has fostered those prin- 
 ciples which constitute the basis of honorable manhood and citizenship, and 
 while he has never sought to figure prominently in public affairs, his life, ever 
 '; straightforward in all its relations, has commended him to the respect and 
 : good- will of those with whom he has come in contact. In looking back over his 
 past he can experience no great feeling of regret that he left his native land. 
 He found a welcome on the free soil of America and in her avenues of com- 
 merce he found a field for his abilities that the old country might not have 
 afforded. j 
 
 He was succeeded by the firm of Burgland & Johnson, Edward O. Burgland, 
 
 who has been associated in the conduct of the business with his cousin, Erick 
 M. Burgland, since 1893, conducting the market. They have one of the oldest 
 
 ; ; markets in the city and do a large business. ; : r /,.v,v ;?; . >; v. ; v ) ; '. 
 .; Edward O. Burgland was married September 14, 1899, to Miss Minnie 
 Esther Fredericks, a native of Galesburg township, Knox county, and a daughter 
 of Mr. and Mrs. Lewis F. Fredericks, who were natives of Sweden but became 
 early residents of this county and are now living in Galesburg. For some 
 years her father was identified with agricultural interests in this part of the 
 state. In the Fredericks family were but two daughters, the younger, Julia, 
 being the wife of Forrest L. Hallin, a prominent merchant of Kewanee, Illinois. 
 
 - ; Unto Mr. and Mrs. Edward O. Burgland has been born a son, Frederick Henry. 
 
 Like his father, Edward O. Burgland has always given his political allegiance 
 : to the republican party, supporting its principles continuously since age con- 
 ferred upon him the right of franchise. He possesses much natural musical 
 i . '; talent and his ability in that direction has brought him many pleasant hours. 
 : For some years he was connected with the Galesburg Military Band and for 
 - : the past two years has had charge of and directed the orchestra of the First 
 % Swedish Evangelical Lutheran church of this city. He has followed closely 
 in the footsteps of his father in relation to church work as well as in other 
 ' lines and is serving as one of its trustees. The name of Burgland has ever 
 : been an honored one in Galesburg since Henry P. Burgland came from Sweden 
 to try his fortune in the new world. 
 
 ;:':;'..::.;':>''';'; ^ '- GEORGE CRAIG. "-;':'. ^v'/^-V:--;.^. 
 
 George Craig, of the firm of Craig & Harris, monument manufacturers, 
 located at 132 East Simmons street, Galesburg, was born in Quincy, Massachu- 
 setts, on the ist of February, 1865. He is a son of Robert and Janet (Smith) 
 Craig, natives of Scotland, the father having been born in Edinburgh, on March 
 
;^,:;../ ./^v:;:;- HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY ^ ^^;--; 329 
 
 22, 1823, and the mother in Glasgow, on Christmas day, 1834. Robert Craig 
 remained in the country of his birth until he was twenty-four years of age. 
 After completing his education he learned the granite cutter's trade and also 
 served for a time in the English army. In 1847, he took passage for the 
 United States, and upon his arrival located at Quincy, Massachusetts, where 
 about three years later he was married to Miss Smith. He followed his trade 
 there for many years, but subsequently removed to Richmond, Virginia, where 
 he resided for a year or two, when he returned to Quincy, where he passed 
 away at the age of sixty-three years. The mother is still living and continues to 
 make her home in Quincy. In matters of faith they were both conformists in 
 the old country, and always affiliated with the Episcopal church after coming 
 here. The family of Mr. and Mrs. Craig numbered twelve, as follows : John 
 E. and William Wallace, both of whom are deceased ; Isabella, the widow of 
 William Jones, of Quincy, Massachusetts; Robert Alexander, who is deceased; 
 James, who is living in Quincy ; Janet, who married Henry Wilson, also of 
 Quincy; George, our subject; Angus Grant, living in Buffalo, New York; 
 Charles Henry, of Newark, New Jersey ; Walter, who is living in Batavia, New 
 York; Arthur, who is deceased; and Frank D., who is a resident of New York 
 city. 
 
 In the acquirement of his education George Craig attended the public schools 
 of his native city until he had mastered the common branches. He then laid 
 aside his text-books and entered his father's shop for the purpose of learning 
 the stone-mason's trade. When he attained his majority he left the parental 
 home and began working for himself. His first position was in Philadelphia, 
 Pennsylvania, where he followed his trade for a time and then went on the 
 road, selling monuments. He made Philadelphia his headquarters for five years 
 thereafter, when he removed to St. Louis, continuing to sell monuments until 
 the spring of 1891. In June of the latter year he located in Kewanee, Illinois, 
 and went into business. In April of 1893 they first came to Galesburg to do 
 the stone work on the Baptist church, for which they had been awarded the 
 contract. Although they employed twelve men in the work, the building was 
 some time in the course of construction, and during that period they became 
 quite familiar with conditions here and felt convinced that there was a good 
 opening for a business such as they are now conducting. They continued their 
 establishment at their present stand, still continuing to take building contracts. 
 During the eighteen years that have elapsed since then, they have practically 
 withdrawn from contracts of this nature and now give their entire attention to 
 the manufacture of monuments and ornamental stone work. They have a 
 spacious building, which they erected for the purpose, fully equipped with 
 pneumatic tools and all modern inventions and conveniences required in the 
 business. At the present time they have five men in their employ, all first- 
 class, skilled mechanics, and are being favored with a very good patronage. 
 Each piece of work that leaves their factory is passed upon by both Mr. Craig 
 and Mr. Harris, his partner, who give their personal supervision to every detail 
 of the business. They have a high standard to which they rigidly adhere, and 
 no order is ever permitted to leave their shop unless they feel that it reflects 
 credit upon the industry. Thus they have established a reputation for high- 
 class work as well as trustworthiness and reliability, and both as a firm and 
 
330 > HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY ::?/::^^:; 
 
 individually are accorded the respect of all with whom they have had transactions. 
 Their enterprise has prospered from the first and they are now firmly estab- 
 lished with a constantly increasing patronage, and every assurance of success. 
 On the 27th of September, 1894, Mr. Craig was united in marriage to Miss 
 Alice Broadbent, a daughter of William and Martha (Prince) Broadbent, of 
 Kewanee, Illinois. Six children have been born unto Mr. and Mrs. Craig, as 
 follows: Robert Sidney and Leonard George, both of whom are deceased; 
 Wilbur and Kenneth, both of whom are at home; Martha, who is deceased; 
 and Alice Janet. '^^:? :;:..; v^ -.'-, v ' 'j^ .^t^'' ' 
 
 Both Mr. and Mrs. Craig hold membership in the Episcopal church, and 
 fraternally he is affiliated with the Modern Woodmen of America. He also 
 I belongs to the Galesburg and Country Clubs, and politically he is a republican. 
 In local elections, however, he casts an independent ballot, giving his support 
 to such men and measures as he deems best qualified to protect the interests of 
 the majority. Mr. Craig is a business man of sagacity and foresight, as he has 
 demonstrated during the period of his residence in Galesburg, and in matters 
 of citizenship he is progressive and enterprising, taking an active interest in 
 all matters pertaining to the welfare of the community. ;-.;. . : 
 
 ^ ;.v.;^ :- JOHN L. BRADBURG. :V:: ;;:^:^.; 
 
 ''-' ' John L. Bradburg, connected with the W. O. Houghton Lumber Company, 
 
 was born in Sweden, October 20, 1855, and is a son of Lewis H. Bradburg, 
 
 also a native of that country. The father was engaged in construction work 
 
 . on the railroads and remained a resident of Sweden until 1869, when he bade 
 
 adieu to friends and native land and sailed for the United States. He at once 
 
 came to Galesburg and began working for the Chicago, Burlington & Quincy 
 
 -Railroad Company, after which he entered the employ of Ben Huflf. His 
 
 capability won him advancement to the position of foreman, in which capacity 
 
 -_ he continued until his death. His wife had died when her son John was ten 
 
 r years old. The father later married a Mrs. Heddendahl, also deceased, and 
 
 one daughter, now Mrs. Nels Samuelson was bom by this marriage. The father 
 
 died at Galesburg, a victim of a railroad accident, in 1889. After coming to 
 
 America and taking out naturalization papers Lewis H. Bradburg gave his 
 
 political support to the republican party and his religious faith was that of 
 
 the Swedish Lutheran church to which his wife also belonged. They were the 
 
 , parents of but two children, the younger being August Bradburg, now a resi- 
 
 dent of Soperville, Illinois. 
 
 John L. Bradburg spent the first fourteen years of his life in his native 
 country and during that period pursued his education in the schools of Sweden 
 while later he continued his studies in Galesburg. He afterward worked in 
 the nursery of Hunt & Mason for a time and later was employed by L. L. 
 Gibson for five years. On the expiration of that period he beg^n working in 
 , . the lumberyard of Sargent & Lewis, with whom he continued for two and a 
 
 half years, when they sold out and he spent the succeeding year with C. H: 
 . Bogue. He was afterward connected with Anthony & Myers for seven years 
 
; i^- HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY :- - 331 
 
 ,' : and continued with Mr. Anthony for four years after the dissolution of the 
 
 ' '. firm. Later he entered the employ of Mr. Myers with whom he continued for 
 
 several years and is now with the W. O. Houghton Lumber Company. He has 
 / thus long been connected with the lumber trade in this city and is widely known 
 
 in business circles. 
 
 On the 5th of April, 1894, occurred the marriage of Mr. Bradburg and Miss 
 
 . Lottie Peterson, a daughter of A. P. and Mathilda Peterson, of Galesburg, who 
 were natives of Sweden and on coming to the new world, in 1857, first settled 
 ./, i in the east but several years ago they came to this city. Here the father was 
 employed in the freight house of the Chicago, Burlington & Quincy Railroad 
 until his death. His wife still survives and is now making her home with Mr. 
 ' and Mrs. Bradburg. Mr. Peterson was a republican in his political affiliations 
 , \ and he belonged to the Swedish Methodist Episcopal church. Mrs. Bradburg 
 , was born in Sweden and was brought to the United States with her parents 
 ': when but a year and a half old, so that she was reared and educated in this 
 ;. country. Both Mr. and Mrs. Bradburg are loyal in their relations to the Eng- 
 lish Lutheran church, in which they hold membership, and politically he is 
 . well known as a republican although he has never sought nor desired office. 
 Fraternally he belongs to both the subordinate lodge and encampment of Odd 
 Fellows and has passed through all of the chairs. ,':.-. '' ' ,?- ^:: c 
 
 ';--V ';;,-.:/': ,.-.--'V -';,:;'- JOHN BRANDT, .r/^;-/ /' / ;:..:;' '';^'->^':'--- 
 
 John Brandt was born in Sweden, December 8, 1817, and departed this life 
 in Knoxville on the 2Oth of October, 1899, when almost eighty-two years of 
 age. During his active connection with business affairs he had devoted many 
 years to the painting and decorating business and in trade circles as in other 
 relations of life had commanded the confidence and good-will of his fellowmen. 
 His parents were Swan and Bengta (Swanson) Brandt, who were likewise 
 natives of Sweden, in which country the father passed away. John Brandt was 
 connected with the Royal Swedish army in his native land, serving for thirteen 
 years as an officer in the same. His education had been acquired in the mili- 
 tary schools and his wise home training qualified him for the practical and 
 responsible duties which later devolved upon him. In 1853, accompanied by 
 his mother, he carne to America, attracted by the broader business opportunities 
 of the new world. They made their way direct to Knoxville, where Mrs. Brandt 
 continued to reside until her death, which occurred in 1872, when she had reached 
 the age of eighty-five years. The family numbered five sons and two daughters, 
 namely : Mrs. Inga Larson, who died in Sweden ; Swan, who has also passed 
 away ; John, of this review ; Hakon and Andres, both now deceased ; Nilla A., 
 the wife of John Holcomb, of Altona, this county; and Peter, who came to 
 America and died in Minnesota. 
 
 In his native land John Brandt learned the trade of painting and decorating 
 and after coming to Knoxville followed that pursuit, remaining for a time in 
 the employ of others and later engaging in contracting along that line on his 
 own account. His excellent workmanship and honorable dealing won for him 
 
882 HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY j 
 
 a substantial return for his labors, a liberal patronage being accorded him so 
 that he was enabled to provide his family with all of the comforts of life. 
 
 Ere leaving his native land Mr. Brandt was united in marriage in 1853 to 
 Miss Bengta Swanson. Her parents never came to America, spending their 
 entire lives in Sweden. In their family were seven children, five sons and two 
 daughters, namely: Swan, deceased; Mrs. Hannah Basser, of Knoxville, now 
 deceased ; Nels and Jens, both of whom have passed away ; Mrs. Brandt ; Ola, 
 deceased ; and John, who is the twin brother of Ola and is living in Elsmore, 
 Kansas. To Mr. and Mrs. Brandt were born three children but the eldest, 
 Franz G., died at the age of two years. The daughter, Carrie, is the wife of 
 Alexander Peterson, of Knoxville, and the second son, Frank August, died at 
 the age of seven years. 
 
 In his political views Mr. Brandt was a republican, always voting for the 
 men and measures of the party yet never seeking nor desiring office for him- 
 self. He lived a busy and useful life, being ever an industrious, painstaking 
 and thoroughly reliable man who merited success by reason of the good work 
 which he did and his straightforward dealings. These qualities, too, won him 
 the regard of those with whom he was associated and he had a wide acquaintance 
 in Knoxville and this part of the state. ::' ^;^^ ;; . :' '. 
 
 .: ;-'^>^';'; . .: * ROBERT E. ERVIN. , ;^'-0 '- 
 
 Robert E. Ervin is now living retired in Galesburg, his activity and enter- 
 prise in former years bringing him a comfortable competence that enables him 
 at this time to rest from further labors in the enjoyment of the fruits of his 
 previous toil. He lived for a long period in Wenona, Illinois, before his re- 
 moval to the city which is now his home. He was bom, however, near Cincinnati, 
 Ohio, in 1841, a son of Newton S. and Jane (Jones) Ervin, both of whom were 
 natives of Virginia. They lived for a time in Ohio and when their son Robert 
 was seven years of age removed to Illinois, where the father engaged in farm- 
 ing until 1868, in which year he became a resident of Missouri. 
 
 Robert E. Ervin has spent the greater part of his life in this state and in 
 its public schools acquired his education, while his vacation periods were devoted 
 to work in the fields. He had but recently attained his majority when, on the 
 9th of August, 1862, he offered his services to the government, enlisting as a 
 member of Battery A, of the Third Illinois Light Artillery. He was enrolled 
 at Wenona and went into camp at Camp Butler, from which point the regiment 
 proceeded to the front. The first battle in which he engaged was at Little Rock, 
 Arkansas, and later he participated in the battles of Prairie I>am and Oklahoma, 
 after which he returned to Jenkins Ferry. In the spring of 1865 he was again 
 at Little Rock and on the 3Oth of June of that year was mustered out at Spring- 
 field. He had held the rank of sergeant all through the war and had proved 
 himself a loyal soldier, never faltering in the performance of any duty whether 
 it called him to the firing line or stationed him at the lonely picket line. 
 
 After the war was over Mr. Ervin engaged in farming near Wenona and 
 also made stock raising an important branch of his business. Year by year he 
 
Mi;s. 
 
 K. Ki:\i\ 
 
.\>.:/^v;xv ,^> HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY ' - ,; 337 
 
 carefully tilled the fields, which responded readily to the care and labor which 
 he bestowed upon them, yielding to him rich crops. In 1882, however, he left 
 his farm and took up his abode in Wenona, where at different times he was 
 
 - connected with various business enterprises, conducting an implement business, 
 : later a livery stable and afterward engaging in the manufacture of cultivators. 
 . Whatever he undertook he carried forward to successful completion and as the 
 
 - years passed by, he added annually to his capital until he felt that the sum was 
 ' sufficient to provide him through his later years with the necessities and com- 
 
 forts of life. Accordingly, he put aside business cares, removed to Galesburg 
 and has since lived retired. He traces his genealogical record back to 343 and a 
 
 - work is now being published which will contain his branch of the family and 
 . will be in print in about a year. 
 
 In Wenona in the fall of 1865 Mr. Ervin was united in marriage to Miss 
 Marietta A. Howe, a native of Missouri, who removed to Illinois when six 
 ': years of age, accompanying her parents. Peter and Arvilla (Park) Howe, who 
 were natives of Vermont and who settled at Wenona. Her father followed 
 farming in that district for a considerable period and later turned his attention 
 to financial interests, becoming owner of the Bank of Wenona, which is now 
 being conducted by his son. Unto Mr. and Mrs. Ervin have been born two 
 children but the daughter, Ella Irene, died when only six years old. The son, 
 Newton Howe, is now engaged in the stock and dairy business at Galesburg. 
 Mr. Ervin has ever been devoted to the welfare and happiness of his family. 
 He is preeminently a home man and yet he has never neglected his duties in 
 other relations of life. He is a valued member of Shields Post, No. 45, G. A. R., 
 and has served as its commander. Politically he is a stalwart republican and 
 was mayor of the city of Wenona in 1888 and 1889, his administration being 
 businesslike and progressive. His religious faith is that of the Presbyterian 
 church, to which Mrs. Ervin also belongs. She is descended from the same 
 ancestry as Martha Washington and the Rebecca Park Chapter of the Daughters 
 of the American Revolution was named in honor of one of her maternal ancestors. 
 Mrs. Ervin is a prominent member of this chapter and has served on a number 
 of its important committees. She was also junior vice in the Grand Army of 
 the Republic Circle of Abingdon and she is a prominent worker in the Women's 
 Relief Corps. Both Mr. and Mrs. Ervin occupy a prominent position in the 
 regard of many friends and are widely known in Galesburg and throughout 
 this part of the state. 
 
 Their son, N. H. Ervin, was born in Wenona, August 9, 1875, and there 
 pursued his education until 1891. In the following year he came to Galesburg 
 and entered Knox College, where he remained as a student for four years, 
 pursuing the scientific course. After leaving college he went abroad and traveled 
 for three years, gaining that comprehensive knowledge and culture which only 
 find their source in travel. After living in various places for a time he returned 
 to Galesburg and established a suburban home at No. 1264 West Main, known 
 as Ervindale. He has here thirteen acres, upon which are found substantial 
 and commodious buildings, erected in attractive modern styles of architecture, 
 while the equipments and the improvements of the place in every particular are 
 most pleasing. He now makes a specialty of raising Jersey cows, having some 
 fine specimens of that breed, and in this branch of his business is very successful. 
 He also conducts a dairy, which is likewise a source of gratifying profit. 
 
338 HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY ^v -V ;< 
 
 On the I4th of September, 1902, N. H. Ervin was united in marriage to 
 Miss Lula H. Hicks, of Bushnell, Illinois, who was born and educated there, 
 Mr. Ervin belongs to the Knights of Pythias and to the Dramatic Order of the 
 Knights of Khorassan. He also holds membership in the Presbyterian church 
 and he gives his political support to the republican party, keeping at all times 
 well informed on the questions and issues of the day, yet never seeking nor 
 desiring public office. .. , . ........ 
 
 r.^^i .- JOHN WILLIAM SMITH. - -v^ :. , 
 
 John William Smith resides at No. 1688 North Broad street, where he has 
 a well developed and highly cultivated tract of land of six acres. He was born 
 in Wythe township, Hancock county, Illinois, November 19, 1863, his parents 
 being John W. and Eliza (Yenawine) Smith, both of whom were natives of 
 Kentucky, as were the paternal grandparents, Denton and Rebecca (Landers) 
 Smith, bom in iSoo and iSoi respectively. Mr. Smith died in 1884, while his 
 wife had preceded him in death in 1882. The maternal grandparents, also 
 natives of Kentucky, were Jacob and Ann Maria (Bence) Yenawine. Mr. 
 Yenawine's birth occurred in 1795 and his demise took place in 1863, while his 
 wife had been born in 1803 and died in 1859. John W. Smith, Sr., made farm- 
 ing his life work and at an early day became a resident of Hancock county, 
 Illinois, where he lived for many years, his time and energies being devoted to 
 general agricultural pursuits. He died in Keokuk, Iowa, in July, 1906, at the 
 age of seventy-one years, and is still survived by his wife, who is making her 
 home in Keokuk, at the age of seventy-four. For many years they were de- 
 voted and loyal members of the Christian church and Mr. Smith held various 
 township offices, the duties of which he discharged with credit to himself and 
 satisfaction to his constituents. Unto him and his wife were born twelve chil- 
 dren, of whom nine are now living: George W. and Benjamin F., both of 
 whom are residents of Keokuk ; Sadie, who is married and lives in Andover, 
 Kansas ; Charles H., of Galesburg ; John W. ; James E., also of this city ; Lou, 
 the wife of Will Dooley, of Keokuk, Iowa; Homer D., also of Keokuk; and 
 Maude, the wife of Burt Clark, of that city. : : t . 
 
 John W. Smith spent his boyhood in the usual manner of farm lads, re- 
 maining through the period of his youth upon his father's farm in Hancock 
 county, during which time he attended the district schools in the winter months 
 and in the summer seasons aided in the work of the fields. He lived at home 
 until he had attained his majority and then rented land, after which he engaged 
 in cultivating the soil in this manner for several years in Hancock county. In 
 1900 he came to Galesburg, where he was engaged in the grocery business for 
 a little more than seven years. On the expiration of that period he sold out 
 and returned to farming. He now has six acres of land in his home place, 
 rents other land and likewise owns some town property. 
 
 Mr. Smith was married November i, 1887, to Miss Ella McCracken, a 
 daughter of Benjamin and Jane (Hendricks) McCracken. Mrs. Smith died 
 eight years later and on the 7th of December, 1898, Mr. Smith wedded Miss 
 
:;;., '>/ -^ HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY A-; 339 
 
 Cora Ethel Dodge, who was born in Hamilton, Hancock county, Illinois, a 
 daughter of Thomas and Caroline (Atwater) Dodge, who were natives of 
 Fulton county, Illinois. The father was a son of Henry and Lorana (Jolly) 
 Dodge and her mother was a daughter of Charles and Jane (Dawson) Atwater. 
 The death of Thomas Dodge occurred at Quincy, Illinois, in 1891, when he 
 was fifty-one years of age, but his widow, who still survives, makes her home 
 in Hamilton. They were the parents of thirteen children, of whom eleven are 
 now living: Laura, who is the wife of William Kirkpatrick; Sherman Dodge; 
 Charles ; Howard ; Ola, the wife of John Miller ; Jefferson ; Bert : Cora E. ; 
 Daisy, the wife of John Curtis Taylor; Julian; and Gertrude. The two who 
 died in early childhood- were Edward and Winona. .. 
 
 Mr. and Mrs. Smith have become the parents of two children, Lucile and 
 Edwin. The parents are members of the Christian church and Mr. Smith 
 gives his political support to the democratic party. He has worked hard and 
 his life of industry and perseverance has brought him a substantial measure 
 of success. At all times he has commanded the respect and good-will of his 
 fellowmen because in every relation he has been honorable and straightforward. 
 
 : ,:: .r /: / :? JOHN MICHAEL BOHAN, M. D. / \::} :^K '^1*^ 
 
 John Michael Bohan is one of the younger representatives of the medical 
 profession in Galesburg but has become established in practice in a way that 
 rriany an older member of the profession might well envy. The college train- 
 ing is so far in advance of what it was even a quarter of a century ago that the 
 young man of today enters upon his professional duties with an equipment that 
 the older generation had to gain through years of experience. Moreover, Dr. 
 Bohan brings to bear sound judgment in all of his professional service, com- 
 bined with a ready sympathy that enables him to quickly understand both the 
 physical and mental condition of his patients. He was born in Henderson 
 county, on the boundary line of Mercer county, Illinois, March 13, i88i, his 
 parents being John and Bridget (Haney) Bohan. The family name indicates 
 the ancestral line to have had its root in Ireland. The father was born in 
 County Mayo, that country, in 1830, and the mother's birth occurred in the 
 same county, on the I2th of January, 1839. In 1851 John Bohan, then a 
 young man of twenty -one years, bade adieu to friends and native land and sailed 
 for the United States, settling in the state of New York, where for a time he 
 was employed at various occupations. In 1854 "he went to Keithsburg, Illinois, 
 where for ten years he engaged in teaming. He next turned his attention to 
 agricultural pursuits, settling upon a farm about eight miles east of Keiths- 
 burg, his remaining days being devoted to the development and cultivation of 
 the soil in the production of the crops best adapted to climatic conditions. His 
 political indorsement was given to the democratic party and he held member- 
 ship in the Catholic church. He died February 13, 1903, and his wife, who is 
 now living in Keithsburg, still survives him. They were married in that place 
 on the 2ist of October, 1863, and became the parents of ten children, as fol- 
 lows : John, who is deceased ; John, tfie second of the name, who has also 
 
340 ; HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY 
 
 passed away; Anna, the wife of William Callahan, of Mercer county, Illinois; 
 William P., living in Alexis, this state; Margaret, deceased; Mary, twin sister 
 of Margaret, who is now the wife of Mark Humphrey, of Keithsburg, Illinois; 
 Peter T., a practicing physician of Kansas City, Missouri; Bertha, at home; 
 James A., residing on the old homestead place ; and John Michael, of this review. 
 
 The last named pursued his education in the public schools until he had 
 completed a high-school course at Seaton, Illinois. He afterward entered Knox 
 College and eventually matriculated in the medical department of the North- 
 western University at Chicago, Illinois, from which he was graduated with the 
 class of 1907. In December of the same year he came to Galesburg, where he 
 has since continued in general practice, and the work that he has done indicates 
 his thorough understanding of the profession and the scientific principles which 
 underlie his labors. 
 
 Dr. Bohan proudly cast his first vote for the candidates of the democratic 
 party and has always adhered to that political faith. He is a Catholic in re- 
 ligious belief, holding membership in Corpus Christi church, and his fraternal 
 relations are with the Knights of Columbus, the Benevolent Protective Order 
 of Elks, the Modern Woodmen and the Mystic Workers. 
 
 WILLIAM LARSON. 
 
 William Larson is the owner of five hundred and ten acres of fine land in 
 Knox county, his home farm, comprising one hundred and twenty acres, being 
 situated in Copley township, near the Persifer township line. He was born in 
 Gefle, Sweden, April 25, 1830, the oldest of three children in the family of Lar- 
 son and Eliza (Anderson) Oleson. His father spent all his life in Sweden, 
 where he died at the age of forty-seven. His mother, after the death of her 
 husband, came to America and lived for a number of years with her son Wil- 
 liam in Knox county, Illinois, later making her home with her daughters in 
 Minnesota, where she died at the age of seventy-five. William had one brother, 
 Andrew Bourgelon, who died in Sweden, and one sister, Eliza, who was the 
 wife of John Beckus and lived in Minnesota, where she and her husband both 
 died. .v-vv.-. /.:.; -.... / \ '';-'-^-': 
 
 . William Larson was reared and educated in Sweden and was there married 
 in 1855 to Miss Annie Shustrom, a daughter of John and Annie Shustrom, both 
 of whom died in Sweden. Mrs. Larson was born June 29, 1829, in that country 
 and was also reared and educated there. For one and one-half years after their 
 marriage Mr. and Mrs. Larson resided in their native land, where their first 
 child was bom, then coming to America, settling in Knox county, Illinois. Look- 
 ing around for a location they moved at first to various places, but after four 
 or five years located on their present farm, on section 36, Copley township, 
 Knox county, where they built a one-room log house and Mr. Larson began on 
 a small scale to raise cattle. Mr. Larson paid an enormous price for the first 
 team he ever owned, having earned the purchase money by digging coal and 
 mixing lime. From these meager conditions Mr. and Mrs. Larson by thrift, 
 honesty and prudent management have come to their present good financial cir- 
 

 a 
 "7. 
 
340 HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY 
 
 passed away; Anna, the wife of William Callahan, of Mercer county, Illinois; 
 William P., living in Alexis, this state ; Margaret, deceased ; Mary, twin sister 
 of Margaret, who is now the wife of Mark Humphrey, of Keithsburg, Illinois; 
 Peter T.. a practicing physician of Kansas City, Missouri; Bertha, at home; 
 James A., residing on the old homestead place ; and John Michael, of this review. 
 
 The last named pursued his education in the public schools until he had 
 completed a high-school course at Seaton, Illinois. lie afterward entered Knox 
 College and eventually matriculated in the medical department of the North- 
 western University at Chicago, Illinois, from which he was graduated w'ith the 
 class of 1907. In December of the same year he came to Galesburg, where he 
 has since continued in general practice, and the work that he has done indicates 
 his thorough understanding of the profession and the scientific principles which 
 underlie his labors. 
 
 Dr. Bohan proudly cast his first vote for the candidates of the democratic 
 party and has always adhered to that political faith. He is a Catholic in re- 
 ligious belief, holding membership in Corpus Christi church, and his fraternal 
 relations are with the Knights of Columbus, the Benevolent Protective Order 
 of Elks, the Modern Woodmen and the Mystic Workers. 
 
 WILLIAM LARSON, 
 
 William Larson is the owner of five hundred and ten acres of fine land in 
 Knox county, his home farm, comprising one hundred and twenty acres, being 
 situated in Copley township, near the Persifer township line. He was born in 
 Gefie, Sweden, April 25, 1^30, the oldest of three children in the family of Lar- 
 son and Eliza (Anderson) Oleson. His father spent all his life in Sweden, 
 where he died at the age of forty-seven. His mother, after the death of her 
 husband, came to America and lived for a number of years with her son Wil- 
 liam in Knox county, Illinois, later making her home with her daughters in 
 Minnesota, where she died at the age of seventy-five. William had one brother, 
 Andrew P>ourgelon, who died in Sweden, and one sister, Eliza, who was the 
 wife of John Beckus and lived in .Minnesota, where she and her husband both 
 died. .. . : . : I 
 
 William Larson was reared and educated in Sweden and was there married 
 in 1855 to Miss Annie Shustrom, a daughter of John and Annie Shustrom, both 
 of whom died in Sweden. Mrs. Larson was bom June 29, 1829, in that country 
 and was also reared and educated there. Eor one and one-half years after their 
 marriage Mr. and Mrs. Larson resided in their native land, where their first 
 child was born, then coming to America, settling in Knox county, Illinois. Look- 
 ing around for a location they moved at first to various places, but after four 
 or five years located on their present farm, on section 36, Cojiley township, 
 Ivnox county, where they built a one-room log house and Mr. Larson began on 
 a small scale to raise cattle. Mr. Larson paid an enormous price for the first 
 team he ever owned, having earned the jiurchase money by cligging coal and 
 mixing lime. From these meager conditions ]\Ir. and Mrs. Larson by thrift, 
 honesty and prudent management have come to their present good financial cir- 
 
.;..>;;. :^^:- HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY : 343 
 
 cumstances. Gradually Mr. Larson has increased his cattle-raising business until 
 it has become very extensive. He has added to his holdings until he now owns 
 five hundred and ten acres of some of the most valuable land in the county and 
 he has on his home farm a very fine residence. 
 
 Mr. and Mrs. Larson have become the parents of five children. The eldest, 
 Lewis, who resides in Copley township, married Miss Emma Samuerson and 
 they have five children : Mrs. Mabel Scandland ; Elmer, who lives in Chicago ; 
 and Effie, Charles and Hattie, at home. John and William, the second and 
 third sons, are unmarried and live at home with their parents. Annie, who 
 died at the age of one year and seven months, is buried in the Victoria ceme- 
 tery. Emma, who is the wife of Emil Carson, resides on the old home farm. 
 She has two sons, Eloyd and Charles, both of whom are in school. 
 
 In politics Mr. Larson is independent and in religion he strictly adheres to 
 the faith of the Lutheran church, of which church his entire family are earnest 
 and devoted members. He was at one time pathmaster of Copley township. 
 Mr. Larson has attained the advanced age of eighty-one years and in every 
 relation, whether as a business man, friend or citizen, has commanded the con- 
 fidence and regard of those with whom he has been brought in contact. He 
 has never regretted his determination to seek a home in America, for he here 
 found the opportunity he sought, and by his well managed business affairs has 
 gained a handsome competence, which supplies him in his advanced age with the 
 necessities, comforts and some of the luxuries of life. 
 
 . \ : ; : LLOYD H. DENNISON. :;;;'/>-' 
 
 Lloyd H. Dennison, whose successful operations in the field of real estate 
 indicate his thorough knowledge of the business and his sound judgment in 
 investment, was born in Warren county, Illinois, May 22, 1876, a son of John 
 and Elizabeth (Buck) Dennison, the former a native of New York and the 
 latter of Ohio. The grandfather likewise bore the name of John Dennison and 
 was a native of the Empire state. Unto him and his wife were born the fol- 
 lowing children : Daniel, George, Mary, Samantha and John. The last named 
 was reared to farm life in the Empire state and always devoted his energies 
 to the work of tilling the soil. On coming to Illinois he settled in Warren 
 county among its earliest residents and worked out by the month as a farm 
 hand 'until he was able to save from his earnings a sum sufficient to enable him 
 to engage in business on his own account. Later he bought a farm of one 
 hundred and eighty acres, which he cleared and improved and to it added until 
 he had eight hundred acres near Gerlaw, although the town was not established 
 when he first located there. His industry and determination were the basis of 
 his success and he became in time one of the foremost agriculturists of his 
 community, his prosperity being visible evidence of his life of well directed 
 energy and thrift. He died upon the old homestead farm in 1889, at the age 
 of fifty-two years, while his wife passed away in 1899, at the age of sixty 
 years. She was a daughter of Norman Buck, a native of Vermont and a 
 farmer by occupation. He married a Miss Murray and they removed west- 
 
344 "': HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY -:v 
 
 ward to Illinois, becoming pioneer settlers of Rushville, in Schuyler county. 
 Subsequently they removed to Warren county, where their remaining days were 
 passed. They were the parents of six children, all daughters, namely: Ade- 
 line, Ann, Lou, Elizabeth, Emily and Ellen. Of these Elizabeth became the 
 wife of John Dennison and the mother of Lloyd H. Dennison. Her family 
 numbered two sons and three daughters : Harriet, the wife of Henry Clayton, 
 now of Monmouth ; Lulu, the wife of N. I. Waters, of Millington, Illinois; 
 Ray W., who is living on the old home place in Warren county ; Florence, the 
 wife of I. Q. Robison, of Monmouth ; and Lloyd H., of this review. 
 : The last named was reared in Warren county upon his father's farm and 
 attended the district schools, remaining at home until he had attained his 
 majority. The father left each of his children a farm and Lloyd H. Dennison 
 came into possession of one hundred and sixty acres in Monmouth township. 
 Warren county, which he still owns and which he cultivated with success until 
 1902. He then rented the property and removed to Galesburg, purchasing a 
 fine home on North Broad street, which he still occupies. 
 
 On the 25th of September, 1901, Mr. Dennison was married to Miss Frances 
 E. Kiernan, a daughter of Thomas and Ann (McGraw) Kiernan. Her mother 
 died in 1903, at the age of forty-five years, but her father is now living, spend- 
 ing much of his time in Galesburg. In their family were three children, Mary, 
 Frances and John. The paternal grandfather of Mrs. Dennison was Francis 
 Kiernan, a native of Ireland, who became a pioneer settler of Warren county. 
 Her maternal grandfather was also born on the Emerald isle and became an 
 early settler of Knox county. Mr. and Mrs. Dennison have but one child, a 
 son, John R. The mother is a member of the Catholic church. Mr. Dennison 
 belongs to the Benevolent Protective Order of Elks ; politically he has always 
 been a republican and while living in Warren county he filled the office of 
 supervisor. Since rehioving to Galesburg he has engaged in real estate deals, 
 having an office at No. ii8 East Main street. His work here has been crowned 
 with substantial success and he is now thoroughly conversant with realty values 
 and knows the property that is upon the market and what it can be bought for. 
 As a valuator of real estate it is seen that his judgment is sound and at all 
 times he is watchful of opportunities, which enables him to promote his in- 
 dividual interests and to safeguard the interests of his clients. 
 
 '- :.;;-"- ' SWAN. H. PETERSON. . ,; ",: -^i'^ .';:;;:;:; V 
 
 Swan H. Peterson has reached the venerable age of eighty-five years. Nature - . 
 
 seems to have intended that man should enjoy a period of rest in the evening '/: .:Vt- ; 
 
 of life for in youth he possesses vigor, energy and hopefulness which in time , ' A 
 
 develops into habits of industry and perseverance. If his labor is directed by ._".. 
 
 sound judgment he may at length reach success, enabling him to spend his last 'r ; : 
 
 days in retirement from business. Such has been the record of Swan H. ^ _- 
 
 Peterson who for a long period was connected with agricultural pursuits in ' '-' 
 Knox county but now makes his home in the village of Knoxville. He was 
 bom in Sweden, December 3, 1826, a son of Peter and Nellie (Benson) Peter- 
 
^ ; HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY ',: ' 345 
 
 son. His parents never came to America, passing away in Sweden after attain- 
 ing an advanced age. In their family were four sons and two daughters of 
 whom Swan H. is the eldest, the others being Peter, Nels, Mons, Elsie and 
 Hannah. ' ,!"; 
 
 In the schools of his native country Swan H. Peterson pursued his educa- 
 tion and at the age of twenty-one years became connected with the military 
 service, remaining in the army for five years. In his youthful days he worked 
 at farm labor under the direction of his father and in 1854 when about twenty- 
 eight years of age he sought a home in the new world, thinking that better 
 business opportunities might be secured on this side of the Atlantic. Accord- 
 ingly he landed in Quebec, after a voyage of six weeks upon the ocean, and 
 from that point made his way direct to Illinois, settling in Knoxville. Here 
 he engaged in farming, working out, first by the day, but as soon as his labors 
 had brought him sufficient capital, he purchased land and continued to engage 
 extensively in farming until advanced years compelled his retirement. He 
 brought his fields under a high state of cultivation in raising the cereals best 
 adapted to soil and climate, and at all times his farm work was characterized 
 by practical and progressive methods. 
 
 In August, 1854, Mr. Peterson was united in marriage in Knoxville to Miss 
 Truen Olson, who was born in Sweden, August 29, 1828. Her parents never 
 came to America, spending their entire lives in Sweden. In their family were 
 four sons and three daughters. Peter, Swan, Hannah, Andrew, Bengta, Truen 
 and Nels. Unto Mr. and Mrs. Peterson were born three sons and two daugh- 
 ters, Mons, Ellen, Anna, John and Otto. Of these John married Miss Betty 
 Nelson and they have two children, Hattie and John. In 1910 Mt. Peterson 
 was called upon to mourn the loss of his wife, who died on the lath of June, 
 of that year. They had traveled life's journey together for more than fifty- 
 five years, their love and confidence increasing as time passed on. Mrs. Peter- 
 son belonged to the Swedish Lutheran church, in which Mr. Peterson still 
 holds membership. His entire life has been in harmony with his religious pro- 
 fessions and has been characterized by faithfulness to duty, by strict integrity, 
 by charity and kindliness. 
 
 .:' ::.:-U-;' "'...''; --/v-::: JOHN NEIL cox, M. D. -. ,,. ''-;''.'':';'::;.; 
 
 Dr. John Neil Cox, who has been engaged in the practice of medicine in 
 Galesburg for the past four years, was born in Mercer county, Illinois, on the 
 2Oth of January, 1851. He is a son of Richard R. and Sarah L. (Epperson) 
 Cox, the father having been the first male white child born in Crawford county, 
 Indiana, while the mother was a native of Virginia. Richard R. Cox was reared 
 and educated in his native state, where he later engaged in agricultural pursuits 
 until he had attained the age of twenty-six years. He then came to Illinois, 
 acquiring some land in Mercer county, near Oxford, that he developed during 
 the remainder of his active life. His efforts in this direction proved so lucrative 
 that he was able to withdraw from active farm work and spent his latter days 
 in retirement in Oxford, where he passed away on the nth of September, 1877. 
 
346 HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY 
 
 He had long survived his wife, who died on the old homestead on February 
 14, 1863. Mr. Cox, who was a veteran of the Black Hawk war, at the time of 
 the Rebellion was a lieutenant colonel in the Illinois National Guards and was 
 offered the rank of colonel if he would go to the front with the Ninth Illinois 
 Volunteer Infantry, but was compelled to decline because of physical infirmities. 
 His political support he always gave to the republican party and was chairman 
 of the first board of supervisors in Mercer county. Mr. and Mrs. Cox were 
 married in Crawford county, Indiana, and there spent the early years of their 
 domestic life. Seven children were born to them, as follows: Charles E., who 
 is living in Pittsfield, Illinois; Joseph R., who passed away in 1869; Mary, the 
 wife of William L. Thomas, of Clarinda, Iowa ; Augustus B., who died at 
 Andersonville prison; Hiram S., who is living in Plainview, Texas; John Neil, 
 our subject; and Julia Etta, the deceased wife of Thomas Pike, of Sioux City, 
 Iowa. The religious views of the parents accorded with the tenets of the 
 Baptist church in which they held membership. 
 
 The youthful years of Dr. Cox were spent on his father's farm in the work 
 of which he assisted while pursuing his studies in the public schools of Oxford. 
 He was a very ambitious young man and desired a better education, aspiring 
 to a professional career. It was necessary that he earn the money for further 
 study and with this aim in view at the age of sixteen he began teaching. Thus 
 he acquired the means to pay for his tuition in the Northern Indiana Normal, 
 at Valparaiso, from which he was graduated with the class of 1878, with the 
 degree of Bachelor of Arts. He subsequently attended the University of Wooster, 
 Ohio, graduating from that institution in 1889, while his professional course 
 was pursued in the Chicago Medical College. Teaching engaged his attention 
 for practically twenty-one years, or until he was thirty-seven, except when he 
 was in college. He completed his medical course in 1889, and immediately 
 thereafter established an office at Lakefield, Minnesota, and engaged in prac- 
 tice. At the end of a year he removed to North Henderson, Illinois, where he 
 remained until 1907, when he came to Galesburg, where he still engages in 
 general practice, but makes a specialty of diseases of the chest. Although he 
 has resided here but four years. Dr. Cox has met with good success, and num- 
 bers among his patients some of the leading people of the town. Intelligent 
 and practical in his ideas, those who seel? his advice are always favorably im- 
 pressed and inspired with confidence in his abilities. 
 
 On the 26th of September, 1889, Dr. Cox was united in marriage to Miss 
 Bettie Dalhouse, a daughter of William and Bettie (Bruington) Dalhouse, of 
 Trenton, Missouri, and they have become the parents of three daughters : Cella 
 and Gladys, who are at home ; and Mabel, who is deceased. 
 
 Dr. Cox is a deacon in the Baptist church, with which his family are also 
 affiliated, and fraternally he is identified with the Independent Order of Odd 
 Fellows and the Masonic order, having attained the rank of Knight Templar 
 in the latter. He keeps in touch with the other members of his profession 
 through his connection with the City and Knox County Medical Societies, and 
 the Illinois State and National Medical Associations. His membership in or- 
 ganizations of a more purely social nature is confined to the Galesburg Club, 
 iwhile in politics he is independent. He is interested in all questions that vitally 
 affect the municipality, but his ballot is always cast for the man or measures he 
 
^: ; : x'.;?^ - ^ : HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY f'-"^: 347 
 
 considers best adapted to meet the exigencies of the situation, irrespective of 
 party affiliation. He has never aspired to public honors or the emoluments of 
 office but served as county superintendent for one year, while living in Henry -r 
 county, Illinois. Dr. Cox is a man whose influence is freely exercised in ad- 
 vancing the welfare of the community through the highest standards of citizenship. 
 
 ':':;v';:--t'v:--''\ , V-ift^ V^' V-'"- SWAN A. ANDERSON. ;/:-,; ^: : ';^.: ';^:''' '' ^""''":-,-- .;/ 
 
 In the years of his connection with the active business interests of Gales- ...!;. 
 burg Swan A. Anderson conducted a tailoring establishment and a furnishing- . ; , 
 goods store and by reason of his excellent workmanship and honorable dealing ' 
 made for hirriself a most creditable name in commercial circles. Success at ; 
 
 length crowned his labors, enabling him to retire from active business some 
 time prior to his death, which occurred on the 7th of July, 1900. He was then ., 
 in the sixty-ninth year of his life, his birth having occurred in Sweden on ... 
 September 26, 1831. His father, Andrew Anderson, was also a native of that ~ .. '- 
 country and there followed farming and merchandising, continuing a resident ;; 
 of Sweden until his life's labors were ended. In his family were seven chil- ' ' _ 
 dren of whom Andrew, Nels, Swan and Oliver are all now deceased. Caroline . 
 is still living in Sweden, but the other daughters of the family, Celia and Annie. ' 
 
 have also passed awav. : 
 
 Swan A. Anderson was educated in Sweden and at the age of twenty-three 
 years came to the United States. He desired to make the best possible use of \, 
 
 his time and opportunities and believed that better returns could be secured 
 for labor in the new world than in the old. Accordingly in 1854 he crossed . ; ' . 
 the Atlantic and made his way at once from the coast to the interior of the ^ . 
 country, settling at Galesburg. That was before the railroad had reached this 
 city and he walked here from Geneseo. He first worked as a painter and fol- ': .' 
 
 lowed this trade for several years. Later he engaged in the tailoring business , ' 
 in company with John Peterson and had in the course of years several partners, - 
 
 the last of whom was Frank Brown. He then established an independent busi- 
 ness under his own name, carried on in connection with a furnishing-goods 
 store, which he conducted until eight years prior to his death, when he retired. 
 He was an excellent workman and had built up a good business owing to the 
 fact that he always carried a well selected line of dependable goods, kept up , 
 with all the changes in style and turned out most attractive garments. 
 
 Mr. Anderson was most pleasantly situated in his home life. On the 5th 
 of January, i86i, he married Miss Betsy Erickson, a daughter of Eric and Anna . 
 (Peterson) Erickson, of this city. Her parents, however, were natives of . 
 Sweden and on coming to the United States in 1854, first located in Chicago and ^.> 
 Michigan, making their way to Galesburg in 1856. Mr. Erickson had been ;. , . 
 reared to the occupation of farming and continued to make it his life work, . ;; 
 owning and cultivating a tract of land which he transformed into productive ;..':,,. 
 fields and upon which he made various substantial improvements. Year after . . - . 
 year his labors were crowned with good harvests and the sale of his crops . . - 
 brought him a substantial financial return, that enabled him at length to put . . 
 
348 .v: HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY 
 
 aside business cares and live retired for several years prior to his death. In 
 his political views he was a republican, interested in the success of the party 
 yet never seeking office. He held membership in the Swedish Lutheran church 
 and at all times lived an upright, honorable life that gained him the favorable 
 regard and good-will of his fellowmen. Unto him and his wife were born 
 seven children, of whom Oliver, Peter, John and William are now deceased. 
 Mrs. Anderson was bom in Sweden July i8, 1842, and was the next in the 
 family. Elsie is the widow of Andrew Hedburg, of this city, and Mathilda is 
 the wife of Matt Gibson, of Monmouth, Illinois. Unto Mr. and Mrs. Anderson 
 there were born three children but they lost their first two, Emma and Andrew 
 Edward. The only surviving child, Frederick, is at home with his mother. 
 
 The death of Mr. Anderson occurred July 7, 1900. He was a republican in 
 politics, loyal to the party because he believed that its principles would best 
 conserve good government. He belonged to the Independent Order of Odd 
 Fellows and to the First Lutheran church, from its organization, and his life 
 was in strict conformity with his professions. He was a quiet man, of good 
 judgment and kindly ways, thoughtful and of well balanced nature, of good 
 habits and an upright life. He never had occasion to. regret his determination 
 to come to America. His hope of finding improved business conditions was 
 realized and he found that better returns were secured for his endeavor. 
 
 HON. JAMES PADEN. ' -^^r^.vV :' 
 
 A well spent life established the Hon. James Paden in a most enviable posi- 
 tion in public regard and throughout the years of his connection with Knox 
 county he was prominently connected with its development and progress and 
 at the same time carefully conducted his business affairs so that success finally 
 rewarded his labors, making him one of the men of affluence of this part of the 
 state. He was born June 17, 1827, in Crawford county, Pennsylvania, and was 
 the second son of Isaac Paden and Celia (Fish) Paden. The family is of 
 Scotch origin but has been represented in Arfterica throughout several genera- 
 tions. Isaac Paden was born in the Keystone state, while his wife was a native 
 of New York. In 1843 they removed westward, establishing their home in Knox 
 county, Illinois, on a farm southeast of the city of Galesburg. There Isaac Paden 
 resided for many years and was well advanced in life when called to his final 
 rest. He remained a continuous resident of Illinois to the time of his death, 
 save for a brief period which he spent in Minnesota. He returned then to Henry 
 county, Illinois, where he tilled the soil for a considerable period, but his last 
 days were spent in Knox county, where he passed away at the advanced age of 
 ninety-five years. 
 
 James Paden was a lifelong farmer and always kept in touch with the most 
 progressive methods of agriculture. His labors, too, were of a very practical 
 character, as shown in the excellent results which attended his work. Year by 
 year he plowed and tilled his fields, and in the autumn gathered rich harvests. 
 As time passed on he became one of the substantial residents of the county, 
 acquiring a very gratifying reward for his labors, and he also became well known 
 
JAMES PADEX 
 
348 HISTORY OF KXOX COUNTY 
 
 aside business cares and live retired for several years prior to his death. In 
 his political views he was a republican, interested in the success of the party 
 yet never seeking office. He held membership in the Swedish Lutheran church 
 and at all times lived an upright, honorable life that gained him the favorable 
 regard and good-will of his fellowmen. Unto him and his wife were born 
 seven children, of whom Oliver, Peter, John and William are now deceased. 
 Mrs. Anderson was born in Sweden July i8, 1842, and was the next in the 
 family. Elsie is the widow of Andrew Hedburg, of this city, and Mathilda is 
 the wife of Matt Gibson, of Monmouth, Illinois. Unto Mr. and Mrs. Anderson 
 there were born three children but they lost their first two, Emma and Andrew 
 Edward. The only surviving child, Frederick, is at home with his mother. 
 
 The death of Mr. Anderson occurred July 7. 1900. He was a republican in 
 politics, loyal to the ])arty because he believed that its principles would best 
 conserve good government. lie belonged to the Independent Order of Odd 
 Fellows and to the First Lutheran church, from its organization, and his life 
 was in strict conformity with his professions. He was a quiet man, of good 
 judgment and kindly ways, thoughtful and of well balanced nature, of good 
 habits and an upright life. He never had occasion to regret his determination 
 to come to America. His hoj)e of finding improved business conditions was 
 realized and he found that better returns were secured for his endeavor. 
 
 ^ ' HOX. JAMES PADEX. ; ' 
 
 A well spent life establisbed the Hon. James Paden in a most enviable posi- 
 tion in public regard and tbroughout the years of his connection with Knox 
 county he was prominently connected with its development and progress and 
 at the same time carefully conducted his business affairs so that success finally 
 rewarded his labors, making him one of the men of aflluencc of this i)art of the 
 state. He was born June 17, i<^27, in Crawford county. Pennsylvania, and was 
 the second son of Isaac Paden and Celia (Fish) Paden. The family is of 
 Scotch origin but bas been represented in America throughout several genera- 
 tions. Isaac Paden was born in the Keystone state, while his wife was a native 
 of Xew York. In 1843 they removed westward, establishing their home in Knox 
 county. Illinois, on a farm southeast of the city of Galesburg. There Isaac Paden 
 resided for man\' years and was well advanced in life when called to his final 
 rest. Pie remained a continuous resident of Illinois to the time of his death, 
 save fora brief period which he spent in Minnesota. He returned then to Henry 
 county, Illinois, where he tilled the soil for a considerable i)eriod. but his last 
 days were spent in Knox county, where he passed away at the advanced age of 
 ninety-five years. 
 
 James Paden was a lifelong farmer and always kept in touch with the most 
 progressive methods of agriculture. His labors, too, were of a very practical 
 character, as sbown in the excellent results which attended his work. Year by 
 year he plowed and tilled his fields, and in the autumn gathered rich harvests. 
 As time passed on he became one of the substantial residents of the county, 
 acquiring a very gratifying reward for his laljors, and he also became well known 
 
.lAMKS I'ADKX :; 
 
HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY 851 
 
 in financial circles as a director of the First National Bank of Galesburg, and in 
 every relation of life he maintained a high standard of integrity. From the time 
 of his arrival in Knox county, in 1843, until his death he continued a permanent 
 resident here save for a single year passed in Minnesota prior to his marriage. 
 
 On the 1st of January, 1851, he wedded Mrs. Martha (Edgar) Fuqua, who 
 was a native of Kentucky and for a few years was a widow prior to her marriage 
 to Mr. Paden. They traveled life's journey together most happily for more 
 than a half-century and were then separated by the death of Mrs. Paden on the 
 26th of July, 1904. Their only child, Alonzo F. Paden, owns the old homestead 
 farm and with him the father resided after the death of his wife. 
 
 Mr. Paden was a most public-spirited man, always deeply and helpfully in- 
 terested in the welfare of the city and county. He served for several terms on 
 the board of supervisors, representing Galesburg in that body, and was filling 
 that position when the present courthouse was erected. He acted on various im- 
 portant committees and his labors were a most effective and beneficial element in 
 the progress and upbuilding of the county during his long connection with 'the 
 office. He also labored earnestly to promote the best interests of the agricultur- 
 ists and cooperated in every project which tended to work for the permanent 
 benefit of the farming class. In politics he was a stanch Republican and was a 
 warm admirer of Abraham Lincoln, whose debate with Douglas he heard in ante- 
 bellum days. In his death, which occurred in 1908, Knox county lost one of its 
 most honored pioneers and valued citizens. For more than six decades he had 
 resided in the county, thus witnessing almost its entire development. He had 
 seen its wild lands converted into productive farms, its tiny villages grow into 
 thriving towns and cities, had seen churches and schoolhouses built and in every 
 possible way had aided in advancing the work of civilization. He was thoroughly 
 reliable in business, bearing an untarnished reputation in all of his transactions, 
 and thus he left to his family the priceless heritage of a spotless name as well as a 
 substantial fortune, which was the reward of his years of earnest and unremit- 
 ting toil. '''_':'/;' .-'. '^'- - /' -^^.v .-'/^' 
 
 j- /> ALADINE CUMMINGS LONGDEN, A. M., PH. D. '^^.v-:-: 
 
 Aladine Cummings Longden, professor of physics and astronomy in Knox 
 College since 1901 and recognized as one of the able educators of the state, 
 was bom in Leesville, Ohio, February 19, 1857. His parents were Samuel and 
 Adaline (Cummings) Longden, the former born near Manchester, England, 
 while Leesville, Ohio, was the birthplace of the latter. The paternal grand- 
 father of Professor Longden was an architect in England and died in that 
 country when well advanced in years. Unto him and his wife were born several 
 children, the family including John, Thomas, George, James and Samuel, of 
 which number George was a captain in the Crimean war. The maternal grand- 
 father of Professor Longden was Dr. James Cummings, who for many years 
 successfully engaged in the practice of medicine in Leesville, Ohio. He wedded 
 Mary Margaret Moore and both lived to be past middle life, the latter dying 
 
 ToL n ! 
 
' HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY i , 
 
 :''> ''.^^:. . . '-, . ',:, ';':f'.'- >^ 
 
 when seventy-five years of age. Their children were Thomas, James, Edwin, 
 Adaline, Edy, Mary and Annie M. 
 
 Samuel Longden was reared in England and became a preacher of the 
 Methodist Episcopal church. He was born July 24, 1815, and on attaining 
 his majority came to America in 1836, settling in eastern Ohio, where he be- 
 came a member of the Erie Conference. He was an itinerant preacher and 
 rode horseback through the newly developed country of eastern Ohio and 
 Pennsylvania, preaching the gospel to the pioneer residents of that section. He 
 also had various charges in that country and his labors proved a potent force 
 for good. He was married in Ohio to Miss Adaline Cummings and they were 
 residents of Leesville at the time of the birth of Professor Longden. The 
 mother there died April 2, 1857, when her son was but six weeks old. He was 
 the youngest of six children, four of whom reached years of maturity : Thomas 
 E., now a resident of Philadelphia; Mary S., deceased; Rev. Wilbur C., a 
 Methodist Episcopal missionary, now at Chinkiang, China; and Professor Long- 
 den of this review. The other two died in infancy. Having lost his first wife 
 the Rev. Samuel Longden married Miss Sarah E. Boyer and unto them were 
 born three children: Henry B., now professor of German in De Pauw Uni- 
 versity, Greencastle, Indiana ; Martha, who was librarian of De Pauw Univer- 
 sity for a number of years ; and James Albert, who died of typhoid fever at 
 the age of twenty-one. Rev. Longden closed a most active and useful life in 
 his eightynfourth year, passing away at Greencastle, Indiana, in 1898. I ;;-:. 
 
 Professor Longden, owing to his mother's early death, spent the first ten 
 and one-half years of his life with his aunt, Annie M. Cummings, in Poland, 
 Ohio. He then resided for a part of a year with an uncle, Edwin B. Cum- 
 mings, in Cattaraugus, New York, and at the age of eleven years joined his 
 father in Indiana, where his later boyhood and early manhood were spent. His 
 preliminary educational advantages were supplemented by a course in De Pauw 
 University, from which he was graduated A. B., in i88i, while in 1884 his 
 alma mater conferred upon him the degree of Master of Arts. He won his 
 Ph. D. degree in Columbia University in the city of New York, in 1900 but in 
 the meantime had entered the educational field and had done excellent work 
 therein. He presents clearly and cogently the knowledge he has acquired. He 
 occupied the professorship of physics and chemistry in the State Normal school 
 of Westfield, Massachusetts, from 1888 until 1897, and in the latter year he 
 became a graduate student in physics and chemistry in the University of Chi- 
 cago, spending a scholastic year there, and in 1898 he was appointed assistant 
 in physics at the University of Chicago, there remaining for a year. He be- 
 came a graduate student of Columbia University in 1899, pursuing his studies 
 there through the ensuing year, while in 190x3-1 he was an instructor in physics 
 in the University of Wisconsin. In the latter year he was called to Knox Col- 
 lege as professor of physics and astronomy and has occupied that position to 
 the present day, his ability as an educator making his classes most attractive 
 and constituting him one of the forceful factors in the success of the school. 
 
 Professor Longden was married December 24, 1884, to Miss Jeanie Humble, 
 a daughter of John and Mary (Campbell) Humble, of Buffalo, New York. 
 In that city Mrs. Longden was born, her parents having removed there imme- 
 diately after their marriage.' Her father was a ship architect, builder, and 
 
 
-' : ' ' ^ HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY - 353 
 
 owner and for a number of years superintendent of one of the largest dry docks 
 in Buflfalo. He designed and built the Erastus Corning, at that time the largest 
 freighter on the Great Lakes. He and his wife still reside in Buffalo and there 
 they reared their family of three children, of whom Mrs. Longden is the eldest. 
 Her sister Mary Ella, who is now deceased, became the wife of Charles W. 
 Wells, president of the Republic Metalware Company, and her brother, Fred 
 W. Humble, is a well known architect of Buffalo. 
 
 Both the Professor and Mrs. Longden were reared in the Methodist faith 
 but are now identified with the Presbyterian church. They have been residents 
 of Galesburg for ten years and their home, at No. 643 West North street, is 
 attractive by reason of its warm-hearted hospitality. Professor Longden votes 
 with the republican party but while he has never sought office, has always been 
 a great student of the sociological, political and economic questions which en- 
 gage the attention of the thinking men of the age. Something more of the 
 nature of his interests is indicated in the fact that he is a Fellow of the Ameri- 
 can Association for the Advancement of Science; a member of the American 
 Physical Society and of the Belgian Astronomical Society. His reading has 
 been broad, his research extensive, and his intellectual progress has placed him 
 in a position where association with him means inspiration and elevation. 
 
 ;>;.., ;-: - v^f. JOHN FRANCIS CORBIN, M. D. : i';: '.^ '"'' " 
 
 Dr. John Francis Corbin, successfully engaged in the practice of medicine 
 and surgery in Galesburg, with offices in the Holmes building, was born near 
 Dahinda, Illinois, on the banks of Spoon river, on Christmas Day of 1869. He 
 represents one of the old pioneer families of this state. His grandfather was 
 Henry J. Corbin, a native of Ohio, who became an early settler of Truro 
 township, Knox county, there taking up his abode when the district was largely 
 wild and undeveloped. He secured land, began the development of property 
 and in course of time became an extensive and prosperous farmer. He died 
 of typhoid fever upon his homestead when about fifty-eight or fifty-nine years 
 of age. Among the children born to him and his wife, Mrs. Olive Corbin, was 
 Edwin A. Corbin, the Doctor's father, his birth occurring on the old homestead 
 farm in Truro township. At an early day he began farming on his own account. 
 Subsequently, however, he removed to Knoxville, where he engaged in the prac- 
 tice of law for a quarter of a century, having previously prepared for the bar 
 as a student in the office of Z> Cooley, a well known attorney of an early day. 
 Edwin Corbin has served as city attorney of Knoxville for a number of years 
 and still makes his home there. He married Miss Lucinda Beatty, also a 
 native of Illinois, her parents being farming people of this state. Of that 
 marriage there were born five children, four sons and a daughter, namely: 
 Henry Butler, of Galesburg; Dr. John F., of this review; George Clement, of 
 Toledo, Ohio; Mary Etta, the wife of Charles A. Johnson, of Galesburg; and 
 Al E., of Peoria. For his second wife Edwin Corbin chose Elizabeth Utter and 
 unto them were bom four children, as follows : Lucinda, the wife of Charles 
 
 
354 HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY >.. ; -Jv/ -A; 
 
 Ferguson, of Chicago; Lee and Harold, also of Chicago; and Hortense, who 
 married Kenneth Hawkins, of Galesburg. 
 
 Dr. Corbin, whose name introduces this record, was reared in Knox county 
 and completed his public-school education by graduation from the high school 
 with the class of 1888. He then entered Knox College, from which he was 
 graduated in 1895. During his college course he devoted one year to teaching 
 school and later took up the study of medicine, matriculating in the University 
 of Illinois where he completed the full course in the medical department and 
 was awarded his M. D. degree. He then began practice in Galesburg in 1898 
 and has since been a representative of the profession in this city, building up 
 a business that has increased annually, both in extent and importance. Many 
 who came to him as casual patients have continued as patrons when the need 
 for professional service has been felt. 
 
 On the nth of November, 1903, Dr. Corbin married Miss Marian Say- 
 wright, who was born near Toronto, Canada, as w6re her parents, Mr. and 
 Mrs. William Saywright, who still reside in that locality. She was the eldest 
 of their four children, the others being James, Norman and Cora. Dr. and 
 'Mrs. Corbin have an interesting little daughter, Maxine Frances, who was 
 bom on the I7th of July, 1905. Mrs. Corbin belongs to the Episcopal church. 
 Df- Corbin is a republican in his political views and is a member of the pension 
 board but has never sought nor desired office outside the strict path of his pro- 
 fession, for he prefers to concentrate his time and energies upon his chosen 
 life work and his broad reading and continued study have given him compre- 
 hensive knowledge of the science of medicine and added to experience have 
 continuously promoted his efficiency. 
 
 ;^^;;:^^: SAMUEL MICHAEL HUGHES. V :.;>.;; 
 
 ''""'=':'.';' ^''C;'-''"-, .'^ , . ' ,'".'. :V.-'ii'^- .''-{;'' .-^''V..- 
 
 Samuel Michael Hughes, who since August, 1906, has been successfully 
 engaged in the real-estate business at Galesburg, was born in Fall Creek town- 
 ship, near Quincy, Adams county, Illinois, on the 2Oth of December, 1868, his 
 parents being Michael William and Cynthia Anna (Thompson) Hughes. The 
 father's birth occurred in New Ross, County Wexford, Ireland, on the 7th of 
 January, 1837, while the mother was born in Fall Creek township. Adams 
 county, Illinois, on the 3Oth of May, 1845. The paternal grandparents, Henry 
 and Catherine (MacDonald) Hughes, were likewise natives of the Emerald 
 isle, the former having been born in County Cavan and the latter in County 
 Carlow. Henry Hughes was an agriculturist by occupation. Unto him and 
 his wife were bom four children, as follows : Katherine, the wife of a Mr. 
 Ormsby, of Dublin, Ireland ; Harriet, who is deceased ; Michael William, the 
 father of our subject; and Mary Anna, the widow of a Mr. Dickinson, who 
 made his home in Evanston, Illinois. 
 
 Michael W. Hughes acquired his education in a Catholic college near Dublin, 
 Ireland, and emigrated to Canada when a youth of seventeen, thence making his 
 way, via the St. Lawrence river and the Great Lakes, to Washington county. 
 
:y:;,^>x;.;, ;v^:r:^': HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY ; 355 
 
 Ohio, where he began the manufacture of pumps. In the latter part of 1860 
 he began the overland journey to California and had reached St. Joseph, Mis- 
 souri, when the Civil war broke out. He enlisted as a private in the Thir- 
 teenth Missouri Volunteer Infantry and was captured at Lexington, Mis- 
 souri, in i86i. On the expiration of his term he reenlisted as a private of 
 Troop I, Third Missouri Cavalry, winning promotion to the rank of captain. 
 In the fall of 1864 he was discharged because of physical disability due to 
 wounds and went to Quincy, Illinois, having charge of a sawmill south of the 
 city for a few years. Subsequently he turned his attention to general agri- 
 cultural pursuits, being busily engaged in the work of the fields until the time 
 of his retirement in 1905. He is still numbered among the honored and respected 
 residents of Quincy, Illinois. His political allegiance is given to the republican 
 party and he still maintains pleasant relations with his old war comrades 
 through his membership in the Grand Army of the Republic. It was on the 
 8th of January, 1865, in Fall Creek township, Adams county, that he wedded 
 Miss Cynthia Anna Thompson, who was educated in the public schools of 
 Adams county and in a seminary at Quincy. Unto them were bom five chil- 
 dren, as follows : Harriet Evelyn, the wife of Almond D. Stratton, of Plain- 
 ville, Illinois ; Samuel Michael, of this review ; Josiah Henry, living in Quincy, 
 Illinois, who is engaged in the real-estate business in association with his brother 
 Samuel; Katherine Priscilla, the wife of Jacob Blauser, of Payson, Illinois; 
 and William Terrence, an advertising agent of St. Louis, Missouri. 
 ' ; Samuel Michael Hughes obtained his early education in the public schools 
 of Adams county and later entered Knox College, in which institution he fin- 
 ished the sophomore year with the class of 1891. Subsequently he followed 
 farming and also taught school in Adams county for six years and during the 
 next two years served as deputy county recorder of this county. He was then 
 employed by T. C. Poling, a mortgage banker of Quincy, Illinois, for four 
 years and on the expiration of that period embarked in the real-estate business 
 on his own account at that place. In August, 1906, he came to Galesburg,, 
 Illinois, and has here conducted his real-estate interests to the present time, 
 dealing in Illinois and Iowa corn-belt lands. 
 
 On the I7th of May, 1894, Mr. Hughes was married to Miss Mary Camp- 
 bell Robbins, whose birth occurred in Payson, Illinois, on the 8th of October, 
 1869, her parents being Daniel and Anna C. (Thompson) Robbins, likewise 
 natives of that place. Jonathan Robbins, the great-great-grandfather of Mrs. 
 Hughes, served in the Revolutionary war with the rank of captain, enlisting 
 from Massachusetts. Daniel and Mary (Prince) Robbins, the paternal grand- 
 parents, were natives of New Hampshire and Massachusetts respectively. Daniel 
 Robbins followed the profession of teaching after coming to Payson, Illinois, 
 in the early '3Os but later devoted his attention to the work of the fields. Both 
 he and his wife passed away at Payson. The maternal grandparents of Mrs. 
 Hughes were Philo and Ellen (Wallace) Thompson, both natives of Connecti- 
 cut. They also came to Payson, Illinois, in the early '3os and were there mar- 
 ried. Philo Thompson followed farming as a life work and was a devoted 
 member of the Congregational church. Daniel Robbins, Jr., the father of Mrs. 
 Hughes, joined the Union army at the beginning of the Civil war as a private 
 of Company D, Seventh Illinois Volunteer Cavalry, remaining with that com- 
 
356 HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY i 
 
 mand for four years and being promoted to the rank of captain. He is an agri- 
 culturist by occupation and gives his political allegiance to the republican party, 
 having served as school trustee for a number of years. His religious faith is 
 that of the Congregational church, in which he acts as deacon. He also belongs 
 to the Grand Army of the Republic. His wife, who bore the maiden name of 
 Anna C. Thompson and whom he wedded at Payson, Illinois, was called to 
 her final rest on the 8th of June, 1904. They had five children, as follows: 
 Ellen R., who married a Mr. Arnett, of Fresno, California ; Mrs. Hughes ; 
 Grace Prince, the widow of Albert T. McCrory, of Okmulgee, Oklahoma; 
 Ernest T., of Chicago, who is assistant editor of the Breeders Gazette ; and 
 Edith Anna, at home. 
 
 Since age conferred upon him the right of franchise Mr. Hughes has sup- 
 ported the men and measures of the republican party. He is a worthy exemplar 
 of the Masonic fraternity and also belongs to the Congregational church of 
 Quincy, to Phi Delta Theta, a college fraternity. Delta Chapter of Knox College 
 and the Galesburg Club. His life has been one of well directed effort and 
 enterprise, resulting in the attainment of a creditable and gratifying measure 
 of success. In all its relations he has enjoyed the respect and confidence of 
 his fellowmen because he is honest, upright, persistent and determined. 
 
 /-..;:;/;; ,' ;: .;/ ; " JOHN E. ERICSON. . ^/^pv. . '-;-^':v.,;',-.::\', 
 
 John E. Ericson, who with his father is the owner of three hundred and 
 twenty acres of land on sections 9 and lO, of Victoria township that he is devot- 
 ing to general farming, was born on the place, where he now resides, on the 27th 
 of May, 1866. Eric Ericson, his father, was born in Sweden and there he passed 
 the first fourteen years of his life. At the expiration of that period he emi- 
 grated to the United States, locating in Wisconsin. There he met and subse- 
 quently married Miss Christina Bloom, the mother of our subject, likewise a 
 native of Sweden, who came to the United States the same year as her husband. 
 During the early years of their domestic life they removed to Illinois, settling 
 in Knox county, which was thereafter their home. Mr. Ericson subsequently 
 purchased the farm that his son John E. is now operating and settled there with 
 his family. This was an improved place and was under cultivation, but he 
 energetically applied himself to bringing it into a higher state of productivity 
 and during the period of his operation wrought many changes that added greatly 
 to the value of the property. Here the mother passed away, in 1897, at the 
 age of fifty-nine years and was laid to rest in the cemetery at Victoria. The 
 father is still living, however, and continues to make his home on the farm with 
 his son. He is a member of the Swedish Methodist Episcopal church, to which 
 the mother also belonged and in the faith of which they reared their family. 
 Mr. and Mrs. Ericson were parents of one son, John E., our subject. 
 
 The entire life of John E. Ericson has been passed amid his present environ- 
 ments. When old enough to begin his education he attended the district schools, 
 later supplementing his elementary knowledge by a commercial course in a col- 
 lege at Galesburg, thus qualifying himself for the practical duties of business 
 
X 
 
 ^ 
 
 X. 
 
 jr 
 
 X. 
 
; HISTORY OF KXOX COUNTY ' ; 
 
 mand for four years and being promoted to the rank of captain. He is an agri- 
 culturist by occupation and gives his political allegiance to the republican party, 
 having served as school trustee for a number of years. His religious faith is 
 that of the Congregational church, in which he acts as ileacon. He also belongs 
 to the Grand Army of the Republic. His wife, who bore the maiden name of 
 Anna C. Thompson and whom he wedded at Payson, Illinois, was called to 
 her final rest on the 8th of June, 1904. They had five children, as follows: 
 Ellen R., who married a Mr. Arnett, of Fresno, California; Mrs. Hughes; 
 Grace Prince, the widow of Albert T. McCrory, of Okmulgee, Oklahoma; 
 Ernest T., of Chicago, who is assistant editor of the Breeders Gazette ; and 
 Edith Anna, at home. 
 
 Since age conferred upon him the right of franchise ^Ir. Hughes has sup- 
 ported the men an<l measures of the republican party. He is a worthy exemplar 
 of the Masonic fraternity and also belongs to the Congregational church of 
 Quincy, to Phi Delta Theta, a college fraternity. Delta Chapter of Knox College 
 and the Galesburg Club. His life has been one of well directed eflfort and 
 enterprise, resulting in the attainment of a creditable and gratifying measiire 
 of success. In all its relations he has enjoyed the respect and confidence of 
 his felloxvmen because he is honest, upright, persistent and determined. 
 
 ; ' JOHN E. ERICSOX. ' 
 
 John E. Ericson, who with his father is the owner of three hundred and 
 twenty acres of land on sections 9 and lo, of \'ictoria township that he is devot- 
 ing to general farming, was born on the place, where he now resides, on the 27th 
 of May, 1866. Eric Ericson, his father, was born in Sweden and there he passed 
 the first fourteen years of his life. At the expiration of that period he emi- 
 grated to the I'nited States, locating in Wisconsin. There he met and subse- 
 (juently married Miss Christina Bloom, the mother of our subject, likewise a 
 native of Sweden, who came to the United States the same year as her husband. 
 During the early years of their domestic life they removed to Illinois, settling 
 in Knox county, which was thereafter their home. Mr. Ericson subsec|uently 
 purchased the farm that his son John E. is now operating and settled there with 
 his family. This was an im])roved place and was under cultivation, but he 
 energetically ap])lied himself to bringing it into a higher state of productivity 
 and during the period of his operation wrought many changes that added greatly 
 to the value of the property. Here the mother passed away, in 1897, at the 
 age of fifty-nine years and was laid to rest in the cemetery at Victoria. The 
 father is still living, however, and continues to make his home on the farm with 
 his son. He is a member of the Swedish Methodist E])isco])al church, to which 
 the mother also belonged and in the faith of which they reared their family, 
 Mr. and Mrs. I-'ricson were parents of one son, John E., our subject. 
 
 The entire life of John E. Ericson has l)een ])assed amid his present environ- 
 ments. When old enough to begin his education he attended the district schools, 
 later supi)lemcnting his elementary knowledge by a commercial course in a col- 
 lege at Galesburg, thus qualifying himself for the practical duties of business 
 
X 
 
 7. 
 
^^ ; ;:: V ; ':- HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY ; : f^'>:' 359 (,./^; 
 
 life. While still a small lad he was assigned light duties about the home, thus .' ,. '. 
 early instilling in him lessons in the value of industry and patience as well as '^>' 
 thrift. As his strength and sense of responsibility increased with the passing '! 
 years his duties became heavier, and after laying aside his text-books he gave ".'..;. 
 his undivided attention to the work of the fields and care of the stock. By the v. " 
 time he had attained his maturity he was thoroughly proficient in the practical 
 methods of agriculture and fully qualified to assume the management of the , ' 
 farm. This he ultimately did, so advantageously directing his activities, that he ; : 
 later came in possession of a half interest in the property. Mr. Ericson operates ' 
 
 his farm along general lines, but as he is a man of progressive ideas quite closely ,: ; 
 adheres to modern ideas in his methods. During recent years he has installed . . 
 various appliances and conveniences deemed essential to the agriculturist of ' 
 
 today but unknown a generation ago, and now has one of the most completely . V 
 equipped farms in the community. ' 
 
 Mr. Ericson established a home of his own when he married Miss Amanda ,; : 
 Johnson, who was born in Sweden, but was brought to America by her parents .'"'.; 
 at the age of three years. She is a daughter of Mr. and Mrs. John A. John- / 
 son, well known residents of Victoria township. The family of Mr. and Mrs. X 
 Ericson numbers six, as follows: Edna, the wife of Henry Linderholm, of !'' ; 
 
 Victoria township; Alice, who became the wife of John L. Jarnigan, of Gales- v : 
 burg; and Earl, Carl, Willard and Wendell. After his marriage Mr. Ericson . . 
 brought his bride to the old home farm, and here his children have been born, . ,'; 
 
 reared and educated. ': 
 
 Both Mr. and Mrs. Ericson hold membership in the Swedish Methodist Epis- ; '. 
 
 copal church. He votes with the republican party and, despite the fact that his ./ 
 personal interests require nearly all of his time, has always taken a deep interest .-, 
 in local politics and has assumed his share of the governmental duties of the 
 township. He is a public-spirited man and has high standards of the respon- ; -. 
 sibilities of citizenship and strives to live up to them. Eor the past eight years .' . 
 he has been road commissioner, the length of his term attesting his efficiency in ; . 
 
 this capacity. He was school trustee for twelve years and for one he was asses- V 
 
 sor, discharging the duties of both offices in a highly capable and satisfactory - :. " 
 manner. Mr. Ericson has become one of the substantial citizens of Victoria -' . 
 township; he is one of the popular and highly esteemed men of the community, . 
 
 where his ideas have much weight in influencing public opinion, owing to his . 
 recognized capabilities as a business man and his common sense as a politician. , ' 
 
 :!;. : ALVAH ISOME SARGENT, D. D. S. .'/: -;:!:;; 
 
 Dr. Alvah Isome Sargent, a successful practitioner of dentistry, has fol- 
 lowed his profession in Galesburg for the past fourteen years and has built 
 up an extensive and profitable patronage in this connection. His birth occurred 
 in South Wayne, Wisconsin, on the 26th of April, 1870, his parents being 
 Charles Edward and Nancy (Riggs) Sargent. The father was bom near 
 Springfield, Illinois, on the 25th of December, 1834, while the mother's birth 
 occurred at Wiota, Wisconsin, in 1840. Charles E. Sargent removed to Wis- 
 
360 HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY >;; 
 
 consin when a lad of twelve years and was successfully identified with general 
 agricultural pursuits throughout his active business career. For the past few 
 years he has lived in honorable retirement, now making his home at Warren, 
 Illinois. He gives his political allegiance to the republican party and is a de- 
 voted and consistent member of the United Brethren church. His wife was 
 called to her final rest on the loth of March, 1882. Their cliildren were five in 
 number, namely : Lewis, who is a resident of Huron, South Dakota ; John, 
 living in Warren, Illinois ; Mary, the wife of H. J. Smith, of Warren, Illinois ; 
 Frank, who makes his home at South Wayne, Wisconsin ; and Alvah I., of this 
 review. 
 
 The last named is a graduate of the high school at Warren, Illinois, and also 
 spent one year in college at Beloit, Wisconsin. Subsequently he entered the 
 Chicago Dental College and was graduated from that institution with the class 
 of 1896. Opening an office at Huntington, West Virginia, he there remained 
 for a year and a half and on the expiration of that period came to Galesburg, 
 Illinois. As a practitioner of dentistry he enjoys an enviable reputation among 
 the members of the profession as well as with the general public, having built 
 up a gratifying patronage and also acting as secretary of the Knox County 
 Dental Society at the present time. 
 
 On the 25th of June, 1896, Dr. Sargent was joined in wedlock to Miss Mary 
 Bates, a daughter of Madison C. and Emma (Latimer) Bates, of Oberlin, Ohio. 
 They have two children : Constance L., who was born at Huntington, West 
 Virginia, on the 29th of September, 1897; ^"d Hubert Drennan, whose birth 
 occurred in Galesburg, on the I3th of March, 1904. 
 
 Since age conferred upon him the right of franchise Dr. Sargent has sup- 
 ported the men and measures of the republican party, being convinced that its 
 principles are most conducive to good government. His religious faith is indi- 
 cated by his membership in the Central Congregational church, of which he 
 acts as deacon and has acted as trustee. He belongs to the Masonic fraternity 
 and is a director in the Young Men's Christian Association. His salient char- 
 acteristics are such as are worthy of emulation and have gained for him the 
 respect and good-will of a large circle of warm friends. 
 
 ;':;:,: PROFESSOR WILLIAM FREDERICK BENTLEY. : 
 
 William Frederick Bentley, director of the Knox Conservatory of Music 
 and professor of singing in Knox College, has been a potent factor in 
 the development of the musical taste of this section for many years. His 
 native talent in this direction was soon manifest and after laying the founda- 
 tion of a general education in a mastery of the fundamental principles of 
 knowledge, he concentrated his efforts more and more largely upon the study of 
 music, and thorough training in this land and abroad has qualified him for the 
 position of responsibility that he has filled in connection with Knox College for 
 more than a quarter of a century. 
 
 Professor Bentley was born at Lenox, Ohio, September 12, 1859, and is a 
 representative of an old New England family. His paternal grandfather, Arnold 
 
;T ;-,;;.;:; HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY -'>: 361 
 
 Bentley, was a native of Massachusetts and a blacksmith by trade, but for some 
 years conducted a general store in Pittsfield, Massachusetts. He married Lx)is 
 Beach and both lived to an advanced age, rearing several sons and daughters, 
 including Anna, Mary, Lucy, Cyrus and Emily. The only son, Cyrus Bentley, 
 the father of Professor Bentley, was born January 4, 1822, at Pittsfield, 
 Massachusetts. The family soon after moved to E^st Otto, Cattaraugus 
 county. New York, where the boy grew to manhood. He became a singing 
 teacher and conductor of musical conventions, and when a young man removed 
 to Ohio, settling in Ashtabula county, where he spent the greater part of his 
 life. For three years he engaged in teaching music in Marietta, Ohio, and for 
 about ten years was a professor of music in Oberlin Conservatory of Music. 
 Among his pupils were: the late Charley Williams, the famous Evangelist 
 singer ; George W. Andrews, the distinguished organist, and many other people 
 of renown in musical circles, including Professor Rice, now deceased, who was 
 the former director of the Oberlin Conservatory of Music. Professor Cyrus 
 Bentley was married in Harpersfield, Ohio, October i6, 1851, to Miss Harriet 
 Prentice, a native of that state and a daughter of Daniel Prentice, who was 
 born in Stonington, Connecticut, August 25, 1773, and as a young man came 
 to Ohio and carried on business as a farmer and cattle buyer. He married 
 Mary Atwater Hotchkiss, who was born June 21, 1779, at Cheshire, Connec- 
 ticut, and they had several children, including John, Noyce, Henry, Eunice, 
 Salina, Lucinda and Harriet. The marriage of Cyrus and Harriet (Prentice) 
 Bentley was blessed by three children: Alice, now deceased, who was the wife 
 of Corydon Sexton; Ralph Prentice, of Dorset, Ohio; and Professor Bentley 
 of this review. 
 
 ' The last named spent his youthful days upon his father's farm in Ashtabula 
 county, Ohio, where he mastered the branches of learning taught in the district 
 schools and later attended the public schools of Marietta, Ohio, the Normal 
 school at Geneva, Ohio, and the high school of Oberlin. His father's recogni- 
 tion of his musical talent led to his education along that line and he was grad- 
 uated from the Conservatory of Music of Oberlin College. He then went 
 abroad for further study, spending three and one-half years in the musical 
 centers of the old world, including Leipsic, Berlin, Paris and London, where 
 he had the benefit of instruction from some of the ablest masters. In the 
 meantime he had engaged in teaching music for two years and after his return 
 from Europe he came to Galesburg, to accept the position of director of the 
 Knox Conservatory of Music, in which capacity he has continued since 1885, 
 making this one of the popular and well patronized departments of the college. 
 Professor Bentley was married, November 28, 1883, to Julia Asenath Web- 
 ster, a native of Geneva, Ohio, and a daughter of Dennis and Mary A. (Samp- 
 son) Webster, who were natives of Ohio and New Hampshire, respectively. 
 Her father is now .deceased, but her mother still resides at Geneva, Ohio. In 
 their family were four children, George, Julia, Mary and Harriet. Professor 
 and Mrs. Bentley have a daughter, Florence May, who is now attending Knox 
 College. The parents are members of the Central Congregational church and 
 are well known in the city where their residence covers a period of twenty- 
 six years. Their home has ever been a hospitable one and the center of a 
 cultured circle of society. Professor Bentley has held to high ideals in his 
 
362 HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY :^. 
 
 profession and his ability, based upon technical training and natural talent, and 
 has well qualified himself to uphold the standard of his department and to 
 stimulate his pupils with much of his own zeal and interest in and devotion to 
 the work. . . -..-.,,. >..... 
 
 ::o^y-, ; WILLIAM A. BARTLETT.:;V^ ;:;;:; V 
 
 William A. Bartlett, a well known and prosperous young citizen of Ga_les- 
 burg, has here been engaged in the real-estate business since 1907. He was born 
 in Galesburg on the 25th of October, 1882, his father being Frank Sears Bart- - 
 lett, a sketch of whom appears on another page of this volume. After acquir- 
 ing his education in the schools of his native city he went to Winnipeg, Canada, 
 there spending one year in the employ of the Deering Harvester Company. He 
 next acted as a clerk in the stock house of the Chicago, Burlington & Quincy 
 Railroad for one year and then became engaged in the hardware business at 
 Monmouth, Illinois, in association with his father-in-law, George A. Schussler, : 
 this relation being maintained for three years. On the expiration of that period 
 he went to Racine, Wisconsin, as purchasing agent for the J. I. Case Plow 
 Works, but resigned at the end of a year and removed to Colorado for the 
 benefit of his health, remaining in that state for two years and having charge 
 of a lumber concern. In 1907 he came to Galesburg, Illinois, and has since 
 devoted his attention to real-estate interests here with excellent results, selling 
 Red River lands in North Dakota. 
 
 On the 3Oth of June, 1903, Mr. Bartlett was united in marriage to Miss 
 Maude Frank Schussler, a daughter of George A. and Mary J. (Barnes) , 
 Schussler, of Monmouth, Illinois. In politics Mr. Bartlett is independent, sup- ; 
 porting men and measures rather than party for party principles. He is a de- ; 
 voted and consistent member of the Universalist church and also belongs to the 
 Benevolent Protective Order of Elks, the Elks Club, the Galesburg Club and 
 the Country Club. His nature is social and his disposition cordial, and while 
 he has at all times commanded the respect and admiration of his business asso- 
 ciates, he has also enjoyed the warm friendship of those who have come within 
 the closer circle of his acquaintance. . '. 
 
 ; , "'.^': ' ANGUS MOOR. :'-'v:;:.; ;;;: ^ -.; ; 
 
 Moor, who is now living retired on his farm on section 36, Rio town- ; 
 ship, was for many years successfully engaged in general farming and stock- 
 raising in this county. His birth occurred at Anson, Somerset county, Maine, 
 on the 8th of Februar>', 1835, his parents being Eber S. and Lydia T. (Daggett) 
 Moor. The parents were also natives of Maine, the father's birth occurring on .:. 
 the I5th of October, 1807, and that of the mother on January 8, 1805. The pater- 
 nal ancestors came from Massachusetts, the great-grandfather, John Moor, was 
 a veteran of the Revolutionary war, having participated in the battle of Bunker ' 
 
^ -f- 
 
MI!S. AM MS 
 
A\(;rs 
 
}-v3:-y V;-^;-; HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY - 367 
 
 '' . - 
 
 Hill, but the mother was of English extraction. Mr. and Mrs. Moor were mar- 
 tied in Maine, in November, 1830, and there they passed the early years of their 
 domestic life. In 1844 they came west, Illinois at that time being considered the 
 frontier, and in April of the following year they located on the farm, where our 
 subject is now living. Mr. Moor devoted his energies to the further improve- 
 ment and cultivation of this property and also raised and fed stock for the 
 market during the remainder of his active life. He passed away on the home- 
 stead on the 4th of March, 1879, having attained the age of seventy-one years. 
 Although he was not a professed Christian, nor affiliated with any church, he 
 lived in the Christian spirit and exemplified many most estimable qualities of 
 character. Of a kindly, generous nature, he was always ready to assist the un- 
 fortunate, being charitable in his criticism and lenient in his judgment. In poli- 
 tics he was a whig, but was never an office seeker, although he served very effi- 
 ciently as road commissioner. He was survived for some years by his widow, 
 who died on the 27th of December, 1889, at the venerable age of nearly eighty- 
 five years. The family of Mr. and Mrs. Moor numbered six. 
 
 A lad of nine years when he came to Illinois with his parents, Angus Moor 
 had begun his education, which he completed in Knox county. He shared with 
 his people the hardships and privations incident to pioneer life, and although 
 he was only a boy assisted much in the operation of the farm and the care of the 
 stock. After leaving school he g^ve his entire time and attention to the tilling 
 of the fields and the performance of other duties about the homestead until he 
 had attained has majority. Confidence in himself and his acquirements induced 
 him to launch upon a career as an independent agriculturist, and leaving home 
 he engaged in farming for himself. He forsook his labors two years later, in 
 1859, and joined a party of gold seekers going to California. They made the 
 trip in a prairie schooner and it was a long, hard journey, occupying several 
 months. He remained on the coast prospecting for about eight years, meeting 
 with but indifferent success, and then returned to Knox county, by the way of 
 the Missouri river in a row boat. Upon his return in September, 1866, he again 
 turned his attention to agricultural pursuits, ultimately acquiring the old home 
 place, containing one hundred and thirty-seven acres, where he now lives. He 
 has ever since made this place his home, but is now living retired, leaving to 
 his son the operation of the farm. Mr. Moor always directed his undertakings 
 along practically the same lines as his father, engaging in general farming and 
 stock-raising, and met with gratifying success in both. 
 
 On the 23d of December, 1882, Angus Moor was united in marriage to Mrs. 
 Lydia F. Stevens, who was born at Atkinson, Maine, on the I7th of June, 1844. 
 She was a daughter of George Daggett, a farmer of Maine, where he passed 
 his entire life and Mrs. Moor was reared. In her early womanhood she was 
 married to a Mr. Stevens and they removed to Winnebago county, Illinois, and 
 there he died in 1878. Six children were born to them, five of whom are living. 
 Mr. and Mrs. Moor became the parents of one son, Don Angus. He married 
 Ethel Knox of this county, a daughter of Charles Knox, formerly of Wataga. 
 but now of Iowa, and is living on his father's farm. In 1911, they made a visit 
 to Maine and there Mrs. Moor passed away very suddenly of apoplexy, on 
 August 31. ^^r'^-' ''^:-''"^'- '^;'X'-'>-^''-'-'^':' '':-' ;'^ix'-'y , / :;-,''":/';' :;-.^;''.^ 
 
368 HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY ';;;;: 
 
 -''.'' ' ^ ' .''. ' '' ,'' 
 
 In his political views Mr. Moor has always stanchly adhered to the prin- '\ 
 ciples of the republican party, but he has never aspired to public honors or the 
 emoluments of office, although he meets the requirements of good citizenship 
 by going to the polls on election day. The greater part of his life has been ..'' 
 passed in the immediate vicinity of his present home, where he is widely known v 
 and has many loyal friends. , .., 
 
 ::' -^. ; GEORGE D. AMENT. v-'r^'v';-\; 
 
 ' - V ' ' ^* . , : - - ' . ' > ';'. ' ' ';''''' 
 
 George D. Ament, proprietor of the Galesburg Steam Laundry, was born .: ^.:-v 
 
 in Pontiac, Illinois, July 23, 1871, a son of William T. and Harriet B. (Baker) .; -'I.C 
 
 Ament, both of whom were natives of the state of New York. The paternal ,'.}.;. 
 
 grandfather was there also born and was a farmer by occupation but removed :./';.. 
 
 to Illinois with his family and both he and his wife died in La Salle county at '/';; 
 
 an advanced age. They were the parents of four sons and a daughter, Oscar, ; .. 
 
 Cyrus, Jutt, William T. and Catherine. William T. Ament was but a boy ..; ; 
 
 when he accompanied his parents on their removal from the Empire state to . ':;'; 
 Ottawa, Illinois, where he was reared to manhood and obtained his education . .-, 
 
 as a public-school student. He afterward removed to Pontiac, Illinois, where ; 'v- 
 
 he engaged in the practice of law for many years. In this state he married ; - " \ 
 
 Harriet B. Baker, whose parents were early settlers of La Salle county, Illinois, v 
 
 where they lived until called to their final rest. Her father was killed in a i, >;- 
 
 runaway accident when driving a young team. Her mother lived to be more ;^:. 
 
 than ninety years of age. Their children were James E., Joseph E., Cyrus, . ', 
 
 Charles and Harriet B. Unto Mr. and Mrs. William T. Ament there were '..._ 
 
 born seven children, as follows: William L., deceased; Mabel, the wife of ;, 
 
 Sidney Herzberg, of Chicago; Charles, who has also passed away; Lou, the ^; v' 
 
 wife of Dr. W. L. Tallman, of Chicago; Joseph B., residing in Las Vegas, New ^ . 
 
 Mexico; George D., of this review; and Harriet, the deceased wife of Glenn .. 
 
 Martin. The father passed away when sixty- four years of age and the mother .;.-.; 
 
 died two years later. He was a Presbyterian in religious faith while she held ;; 
 
 membership in the Episcopal church. He ranked high as a member of the bar . 
 
 and, in addition to the large private practice accorded him, he served as prose- '}-;; 
 
 outing attorney and was also at one time county judge of Livingston county. > 
 
 George D. Ament spent his youthful days in Pontiac, Illinois, in the manner ; / 
 
 of most boys who receive the stimulus and encouragement of good home train- /- 
 
 ing. He attended the public schools there and made his initial step in industrial ', , . 
 
 circles as an employe of Henry Foster in the electrical business in Pontiac. : - 
 
 Subsequently he became connected with the General Electric Company of Chi- :'. -r'/ 
 
 cago, but afterward turned his attention to the laundry business in Pontiac and ;.-'! 
 
 subsequently continued in the same line at Joliet, Illinois. He also spent one j V 
 
 year in the laundry business in Los Angeles, California, and for four years was . : 
 
 identified with real-estate interests and mining in that section of the country. ;' :.:' 
 
 He then returned to Joliet, where he again conducted a laundry until 1907, i ^^ . 
 
 when he came to Galesburg and purchased the laundry business of E. J. Cowan , 7<; 
 
;;';:;:vv :;:.;. :^^^^ HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY ;-:;;:;;. 
 
 of which he has since been proprietor, conducting an establishment under the ";.. 
 name of the Galesburg Steam Laundry at Nos. 151-153 North Cedar street. . , v ,. 
 
 Mr. Ament was married to Miss Analla Booth, a native of Logan county, ...'.'': 
 Ohio, and a daughter of Thomas C. and Elizabeth (Young) Booth, natives of '.t ' 
 New Jersey and Pennsylvania respectively. Leaving the east they removed to ; . . 
 Ohio and the mother died in Marion county, that state, but the father is still ;' ' .' 
 living. They were parents of the following children: Lorenzo W., Keokuk B.. ;.<:' 
 Harrison O., Osceola and Analla. The paternal grandfather of Mrs. Ament i?' . 
 was a native of England, who lived for a time in America but returned with . ' 
 his wife to their native land, where they spent their last days. They had three .;-',. 
 children, John, Thomas and Hester. :v ' 
 
 Mr. and Mrs. Ament are identified with the Christian Science church and . . .: 
 his political views connect him with the republican party. He belongs to the , . 
 
 Benevolent Protective Order of Elks, to the Galesburg Qub and to the Soan- '..:.v' ' 
 getaha Country Club. He is thus well known in the social circles of the city 
 where attractive personal qualities and a genial manner have gained him many ' :- . .^ 
 friends. He also occupies a creditable position in business circles as a reliable, . - ; 
 enterprising man and whatever success he has achieved is attributable to his =' ' 
 own efforts, for he started out empty-handed and has worked his way upward . V 
 through energy, determination and the improvement of the opportunities that -^ 
 have come to him. \' 
 
 -:;';;': -^^ ';...: \;X;'' WILLIAM BURNSIDE. '.-.' .' ';:;:;'.."-;;"-:'; 
 
 William Burnside, formerly prominently associated with the agricultural 
 interests of Knox county but now living retired, still derives much of his in- 
 come from his interests in farm property. He has passed the seventy-eighth 
 milestone on life's journey and the rest which he is enjoying is well merited for 
 it has been won through the close application, unfaltering energy and unassail- 
 able integrity which he manifested when conducting his agricultural pursuits. 
 He was born in Ohio, August 13, 1833, ^"d was one of the eight children of 
 William and Margaret (Callison) Burnside, who were natives of Virginia, the 
 latter a daughter of Thomas Callison, who was a farmer of the Old Dominion. 
 William Burnside, Sr., was reared in Virginia and, following his removal to 
 Ohio, there engaged for a ntomber of years in farming. Subsequently, however, 
 he went to Indiana, but in the fall of 1850 came to Illinois, settling in Chestnut 
 township, Knox county, where he purchased ninety acres of land, to which he 
 added as opportunity offered and his financial resources permitted, until his 
 farm embraced two hundred and forty acres of rich land. He died on the 
 old homestead, at the age of eighty- four years, and his wife -passed away at the 
 age of seventy. She was a devoted member of the Methodist church and most 
 carefully and conscientiously reared her family. The children were as follows : 
 John, Anthony and Isaac, all now deceased ; Elizabeth, the widow of John Hed- 
 ley, of Kansas ; William ; Mary, the widow of Samuel Coffman, of Chicago ; 
 and George, who is living in Abingdon, Illinois. ., -,.,. .:'".': 
 
370 mSTORY OF KNOX COUNTY " .;^V^' ^' - 
 
 William Burnside was three years old when his parents went to Indiana 
 and was a youth of seventeen when the family came to Illinois. Here he was 
 reared to manhood upon his father's farm in Knox county, attending the dis- 
 trict schools in the winter seasons, and in the summer months aided in the 
 cultivation of the home farm. The occupation to which he was reared he 
 determined to make his life work and started out on his own account by renting 
 a farm in Chestnut township. He carefully saved his earnings during that 
 period and was at length enabled to purchase ninety acres, to which he added 
 
 r from time to time until he became the owner of fifteen hundred acres or more, 
 thus winning a place among the most extensive landowners of central Illinois. 
 
 . The rapid settlement of this part of the state and the improvements which he 
 placed upon his land greatly enhanced its value and won for him a position 
 
 ' among the most prosperous agriculturists of Knox county. He engaged in 
 farming and in raising and shipping stock until the fall of 1892, when he 
 removed to Galesburg and purchased a fine home at the corner of Seminary 
 and Grove streets. This he occupied until 1907, when he removed to his present 
 residence, at No. 1078 North Broad street. , , * v .i. ' : 
 
 In i86i Mr. Burnside was united in marriage to Miss Julia Terry, a daughter 
 of John Terry. Mrs. Burnside was born in Knox county while her parents 
 were natives of Virginia. The children of this marriage were six in number. 
 Marcus T., who is now a farmer of Chestnut township, married Maude Cranston 
 and has three children, Roy, Pearl and Orpha. Nellie is the wife of D. E. 
 Meeks, of Galesburg, and they have two children, William and Fay. Charles 
 S., a farmer living at Maquon, Illinois, married Jennie Clark. Fannie died in 
 early childhood. Albert Guy, who is proprietor of a hotel at Spirit Lake, Iowa, 
 married Mabel Ackerman and has one son. Carl. The youngest of the family 
 is Carl S., who is operating one of. his father's farms in Chestnut township. 
 The mother died in 1895, at the age of fifty-three years, and on the 24th of 
 February, 1897, Mr. Burnside wedded Mrs. Lydia Fdgerton, widow of Dr. 
 R. C. Edgerton, and a daughter of John and Cordelia (Clark) Tiflfany. She 
 was born in Harpersfield, Delaware county. New York, June 8, 1842, and her 
 parents were also natives of the Empire state although their ancestors came 
 from Connecticut. Her grandfather, Horace Tiflfany, was a native of Con- 
 necticut and of English descent. He married Martha Osborn and they had 
 eight children, Hiram, John, Peter, Nathan, Eliza, Olive, Sallie and Charles. 
 
 .The maternal grandfather of Mrs. Burnside was John Clark and unto him 
 and his wife, who died when a comparatively 'young woman, there was born a 
 son and four daughters. John Tiflfany, the father of Mrs. Burnside. was a 
 soldier in a New York regiment in the Civil war and died from illness while in 
 the service. His wife lived to be sixty-three years of age and reared their 
 family of five children, Louise, Hiram, Lydia, Mary and Peter. By her former 
 marriage Mrs. Burnside had one son, Hubert C. Edgerton, who is married and 
 lives in Burley, Idaho. Mrs. Burnside belongs to the Universalist church. Mr. 
 
 Burnside votes with the republican party and has filled the office of road com- 
 missioner but has not taken an active part in politics because of the demands 
 made upon him by his extensive business interests. His real-estate holdings 
 are the visible evidence of a life of well directed energy and thrift. Starting 
 out empty-handed, he made the best possible use of his time and opportunities. 
 
^^r^^^^iv: V V A : HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY > 371 
 
 and by honorable and straightforward methods, coupled with unflagging industry, 
 gained a position among the prosperous and honored residents of this section 
 of the state. His life may well serve as an inspiration and an example to 
 others who desire to attain success and an untarnished name. - .,.->, -.>. 
 
 ; = ;. JOHN DONNINGTON BARTLETT, M. D. ^i . ';-/^' 
 
 Dr. John Donnington Bartlett, an able physician and surgeon of Galesburg, 
 is numbered among the worthy native sons of that city, his birth having there 
 occurred on the 3Oth of July, 1880. A sketch of his father, Frank Sears 
 Bartlett, appears on another page of this work. He pursued his early education 
 in the public schools of Galesburg and was graduated from the high school in 
 1897. Subsequently he entered Lombard College and was graduated from that 
 institution with the class of 1901, winning the degree of Bachelor of Arts. Hav- 
 ing determined upon the practice of medicine as a life work, he matriculated 
 in Rush Medical College of Chicago, Illinois, and completed the prescribed 
 course in 1905. Following his graduation he spent six months at the Lying-in 
 Hospital as interne and during the next year and a half was associated with 
 Dr. Nicholas Senn as interne at St. Joseph's Hospital. He acted as surgeon of 
 the Chicago police department for three years and was also examining physician 
 of the Police Benevolent Association, while for two years he served as physi- 
 cian at the Riverview Emergency Hospital. Dr. Bartlett was appointed by 
 examination to the rank of first lieutenant in the Medical Reserve Corps of the 
 United States army and was commissioned by President Taft on the nth of 
 September, 1911. He maintained his office at No. 823 Sheridan road, Chicago, 
 for three years, and on the ist of January, 1911, came to Galesburg, having 
 here been engaged in general practice to the present time. As a representative 
 of the medical profession he has won a gratifying measure of success, enjoy- 
 ing an extensive practice that has come to him in recognition of his skill and 
 ability in the application of remedial agencies. He acted as university marshal 
 of the medical department of the University of Chicago in 1902 and in the line 
 of his profession is connected with the Chicago Medical Society, the Physicians 
 Club of Galesburg, the Physicians Club of Chicago, the Knox County Medical 
 Society and the American Medical Association. - .: 'x- 
 
 On the 4th of September, 1904, Dr. Bartlett was united in marriage to Miss 
 Ethel Letitia Booker, who was born in Helena, Montana, on the 3d of October, 
 1880, her parents being George C. and Martha Elizabeth Booker. The father's 
 birth occurred in St. Louis, Missouri, on the 7th of February, 1838, while the 
 mother was born in Jefferson City, Missouri, on the 23d of January, 1855. 
 George C. Booker journeyed westward in 1865, finally locating in Helena. 
 Montana, where he became identified with mining interests. At the present 
 time he is living retired at Helena, enjoying the fruits of his former toil in 
 well earned ^ease. In Masonry he has attained high rank, now acting as secre- 
 tary of the Helena and state Masonic bodies. Unto him and his wife were 
 born three children, as follows : Mrs. Bartlett ; Clinton Talbott ; and Lester 
 Harry. Mrs. Bartlett was graduated from the high school of Helena with the 
 
 .'v- ',-..:' :"' ' ': ."';';'''': ^ - '''V i^:-- ^ . :-'''v >' : ' ''....''^'- '''' '' . '. ::' '":' '-'.v-' 
 
372 " HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY 
 
 class of 1898 and subsequently pursued a special course of study in the Uni- 
 versity of Chicago. She had charge of the kindergarten department of the 
 Helena public schools for four years and is still a member of the kindergarten 
 board at that place. She now belongs to the Mosaic and Tourist Clubs of 
 Galesburg and has already won many friends in this city. By her marriage 
 she has become the mother of one son, John Donnington, Jr., whose birth oc- 
 curred in Chicago, Illinois, on the loth of March, 1909. 
 
 In politics Dr. Bartlett is a republican, while his religious faith is indicated 
 by his membership in the Universalist church. His wife is a member of the - 
 Episcopal church. His fraternal relations are with Chicago Lodge, No. 4, ';; 
 B. P. O. E., and Vesper Lodge, No. 584, A. F. & A. M. He is likewise a valued 
 member of the Galesburg Club, the Sigma Nu fraternity and Phi Rho Sigma, 
 a medical fraternity. Dr. Bartlett is a popular young man, making steady 
 progress in his profession and gaining steadily in the friendship of those with 
 whom he comes in contact. 
 
 ;;;:;/ MRS. FREDERICKA GOLDQUIST. :; 
 
 , ', :''^'"v - : : >-" 
 
 One of modem philosophical trend of thought has written "in the good that 
 comes to us, by the good that comes to the world through us, is the measure of 
 our success," and judged in this way the life of Mrs. Fredericka Goldquist was 
 a most successful one. Her labors were a continuous element for good in the 
 community in which she lived and her life was, indeed, a serviceable one for she 
 was continually holding out a helping hand, or speaking a word of encourage- 
 ment, or kindly advice. She held closely to the high standards of Christian living 
 and it has fallen to the lot of but few women in Galesburg to fill so large a sphere 
 of genuine usefulness as did Mrs. Goldquist, who passed away on the 27th of 
 March, 1889. 
 
 Fredericka Peterson was a native of Sweden, born in the parish of Hag- 
 gersda, November 20, 1824, and was, therefore, twenty-three years of age when 
 in 1848 she accompanied her father's family to the new world, their destination 
 being Knox county, Illinois. This was the year of the terrible cholera scourge. 
 The little band of emigrants first contracted the disease while passing through the 
 Erie canal. As they proceeded on their journey by way of the Great Lakes and 
 across the prairies of Illinois in lumber wagons, victim after victim was buried 
 by the way. The mother and a brother of Mrs. Goldquist were of the number. 
 Strange as it may seem, Mrs. Goldquist, although a constant caretaker of the 
 dying and the dead, experienced no touch of the disease. The travelers proceeded 
 to Andover, Henry county, where a heroic physician. Dr. Calhoun, came and min- 
 istered to them, but he too fell ill and passed away. After the scourge had spent 
 its force the family moved to Knoxville, where they lived for two years. They 
 then moved to Galesburg. Mrs. Goldquist was thus one of the first Swedish 
 residents of the county. 
 
 Soon after taking up their abode in Galesburg she was married to Qatis Olof- 
 son Goldquist, who died June 5, 1864, leaving her with five children. One of the 
 local papers in writing of her and her .experiences at this period in her life said. 
 
MRS. FREDERICKA GOLDQUIST 
 
372 HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY 
 
 class of 1898 and sul)se(iuently pursued a special course of study in the Uni- 
 versity of Chicago. She had cliarge of the kindergarten department of the 
 Helena public schools for four years and is still a member of the kindergarten 
 board at that i)lace. She now belongs to the Mosaic and Tourist Clubs of 
 Gales1)urg and has already won many friends in this city. By her marriage 
 she has become the mother of one son, John Donnington. Jr., whose birth oc- 
 curred in Chicago, Illinois, on the loth of March, 1909. 
 
 In politics Dr, Bartlett is a republican, while his religious faith is indicated 
 by his membership in the Universalist church. His wife is a member of the 
 Episcopal church. His fraternal relations are with Chicago Lodge, No. 4, 
 B. r. O. E., and \'esper Lodge, Xo. 584, A. F, & A, ]\I. He is likewise a valued 
 member of the Galesburg Club, the Sigma Xu fraternity and Phi Rho Sigina, 
 a medical fraternity. Dr. Bartlett is a popular young man, making steady 
 progress in his profession and gaining steadily in the friendship of those with 
 whom he comes in contact. 
 
 MRS, FREDERICKA GOLDQUIST. . 
 
 ' One of modern philosophical trend of thought has written "in the good that 
 conies to us, by the good that comes to the world through us, is the measure of 
 our success," and judged in this way the life of Mrs. Fredericka Gold(|uist was 
 a most successful one. Her labors were a continuous element for good in the 
 community in which she lived and her life was, indeed, a serviceable one for she 
 was continually holding out a helping hand, or speaking a word of encourage- 
 ment, or kindly advice. She held closely to the high standards of Christian living 
 and it has fallen to the lot of but few women in Galesburg to fill so large a sphere 
 of genuine usefulness as did Mrs. Goldquist, who passed away on the 27th of 
 
 Fredericka Peterson was a native of Sweden, born in the parish of Hag- 
 gersda, November 20, 1824, and was, tlierefore, twenty-three years of age when 
 in 1848 she accompanied her father's family to the new world, their destination 
 being Knox county, Illinois. This was the year of the terrible cholera scourge. 
 The little band of emigrants first contracted the disease while passing through the 
 Erie canal. As they ])roceetled on their journey by way of the Great Lakes and 
 across the prairies of Illinois in lumber wagons, victim after victim was buried 
 by the way. The mother and a brother of Mrs. Gold(|uist were of the number. 
 Strange as it may seem, Mrs. Goldcjuist, although a constant caretaker of the 
 dying and the dead, experienced no touch of the disease. The travelers proceeded 
 to Andover, Henry county, where a heroic ])hysician. Dr. Calhoun, came and min- 
 istered to them, but he too fell ill and i)assed away. After the scourge had spent 
 its force the family moved to Knoxville, where they lived for two years. They 
 then moved to Galesburg, Mrs. Goldcjuist was thus one of the first Swedish 
 residents of the county. 
 
 Soon after taking up their abode in Galesburg she was married to Claus Olof- 
 son Goldquist, who died June 5, 1864, leaving her Avith five children. One of the 
 local i)apers in writing of her and her experiences at this period in her life said, 
 
MI!S. 
 
 KA 
 
, ,:::;;V:n;.;^^ HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY : . ,; 375 
 
 "the quality of her nature and her strength of character are seen in the spirit with 
 which she assiuned the burden thus imposed by death upon her, and the complete 
 manner in which she met this responsibility." All the children were given a 
 public school education and had the joy of living in a cheerful and inspiring 
 home atmosphere. 
 
 In spite of the responsibilities and cares of home, Mrs. Goldquist found time 
 to take an active part in good work for the benefit of others. Her life was an 
 illustration of interested unselfishness. During the war she was an active mem- 
 ber of the Soldiers' Aid Society and met often with -Mrs. T. L. Clark, Mrs. 
 Clement Leech, Mrs. D. C. Raymond and others of the good women of the city, 
 in the basement of the First Congregational church, where boxes were filled with 
 articles for the soldiers. When, after the war, this organization became the 
 Dorcas society, Mrs. Goldquist remained a member and was for over ten years 
 a ward visitor for the Seventh ward. There are scores of people in that ward 
 who can recall her kindnesses. When the Dorcas society was merged in the Free 
 Kindergarten Association, Mrs. Goldquist retained her connection, and took a 
 deep interest in this institution. It is said that, being unable to attend the last 
 meeting of the association, she sent an order for some shoes for the little folks 
 in need of them. She was seventh ward visitor also for the association. 
 
 In addition Mrs. Groldquist was at the head of an industrial school at the 
 First Baptist church and one afternoon every week met twenty-five or thirty 
 girls in one of the rooms at that edifice. In this work she had the help of sev- 
 eral of the church women. She made her old age bright with helpful and beau- 
 tiful deeds. 
 
 When one attempts to analyze the secret of Mrs. Goldquist's usefulness, he 
 finds it in her sincere faith in Christ and in her desire to serve Him by minis- 
 tering through every possible, accessible channel, to mankind. She was a member 
 of the First Baptist church for nearly forty years, and all through was active and 
 interested. For a long time she was a busy member of the various women's so- 
 cieties. For thirty-five years she was a teacher in the Sunday school. Her class 
 was composed for over twenty years of young ladies, who as the years went by 
 gave place to others many of these being pupils of the high school. She was a 
 successful and inspiring teacher, so much so that at times her class room was 
 crowded. .While she was obliged on account of her failing health to relinquish 
 some of her church work, she continued her labor of love in the Sunday school. 
 The last time that she met her class was on Sunday previous to her illness, and 
 that she could not be present the following Sabbath was to her a cause of sincere 
 regret. Her heart was in the work. Owing to her kind, loving and helpful in- 
 fluence many of the lives of those belonging to her class have been moulded 
 along Christian lines. She was regarded with affection by these pupils and they 
 will never forget her. 
 
 Mrs. Goldquist, until her illness, was a constant attendant at the church serv- 
 ices. She appeared in close touch with divine things. She was always ready to 
 serve. But she also took a keen interest in the affairs of the city and was a 
 faithful reader of current events. It is said of her that her nature was kind and 
 deeply sympathetic and that any case of distress or suffering appealed strongly to 
 her. At the time of the Chicago fire and of the Kansas famine she was a zealous 
 solicitor for contributions for relief. It is said of her that as a ward visitor when 
 
 ToL 
 
376 HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY ^; ' Y- - 
 
 she heard of a case of need she would go to the house, not send some one else. 
 With her sympathy was combined a bright and cheerful disposition that made her 
 presence welcome. All through she has also felt concern in all efforts to better 
 the community. In the early days of the W. C. T. U. she was a member of that 
 organization. 
 
 If lives are to be measured by kind acts, by sympathetic words and by good 
 influences, then Mrs. Goldquist's life deserves the warmest praise and the loving 
 tribute. Her career can be said to be worked like golden threads into the better 
 natures of hundreds of men and women here. When death called Mrs. Gold- 
 quist the Rev. W. H. Geistweite, of Chicago, delivered a most earnest and im- 
 pressive address upon the text, "She hath done what she could." Hers was the 
 history of a life of responsibility, of toil and of sacrifice; a life that was one 
 long labor of love in which she wrought not for herself but for others. She 
 left her impress for good upon the city in which she long made her home and the 
 memory of such a one can never die while living monuments remain, upon which 
 were imprinted the touch of her noble soul. . . : 
 
 FRANK E. ROGERS. 
 
 Frank E. Rogers, who has been in the employ of the Chicago, Burlington 
 & Quincy Railroad Company continuously for the past thirty-six years, was 
 born in Warren, Trimble county, Ohio, on the 3Oth of March, 1848. His 
 father, Pitt D. Rogers, was born and reared on a farm in the vicinity of Nor- 
 wich, Connecticut, whence he removed in the early '4os to Trimble county, 
 Ohio. There he met and subsequently married Miss Effie Ewalt, a native of 
 that state, who passed away when our subject was in his first year. Pitt D. 
 Rogers engaged in buying and selling stock in Ohio, where he resided until 
 about 1845 or 1846, when he came to Knoxville. He there conducted the old 
 Hibbard House, of which he subsequently became the proprietor, until his 
 death in 1896. For his second wife he chose Miss Lavina P. Hibbard, whose 
 father was one of the pioneer settlers of Knoxville, where he built the hotel 
 that bore his name. Mr. Rogers was a member of the Episcopal church and 
 while residing in Connecticut he belonged to the state militia. 
 
 The only child born unto his parents, after the death of his mother, Frank 
 E. Rogers was taken to the home of his paternal grandparents in Connecticut. 
 There he passed his boyhood and early youth, pursuing his studies in the com- 
 mon schools. He subsequently joined his father in Knoxville, completing his 
 education in the old college at Abingdon, this state. After leaving school he 
 returned to the hotel, where he assisted his father until January, 1875, when he 
 became a freight brakeman on the Chicago, Burlington & Quincy Railroad. 
 He was later promoted to the position of conductor, but is now and has been 
 for some time in the block office of this company at Galesburg. | '-..: 
 
 On the loth of November, 1878, Mr. Rogers was united in marriage to 
 Miss Ella C. Sipherd, a daughter of Jacob and Mary (Webb) Sipherd, farming 
 people residing three miles north of Knoxville. Four children have been born 
 of this marriage, as follows : Harry E., who is in the railway passenger service 
 
^;V.;^ :.-.: HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY ' -f :v- 377 
 
 in Chicago ; George E., who is engaged in the real-estate business in New York 
 city; Clara, the wife of H. W. Caldwell, of Galesburg, by whom she has had 
 one daughter, Winifred; and Ralph Van, in the government irrigation service 
 in the state of Washington. 
 
 , : In matters of faith Mr. and Mrs. Rogers are Presbyterians, and his political 
 support he gives to such men and measures as he deems best qualified to protect 
 the interests of the majority. Fratertially he is identified with no organization 
 save the Order of Railway Conductors, his local connection being with Division 
 No. 83 of Galesburg. Mr. Rogers is one of the oldest men in the company's 
 employ, in years of continuous service, and is well known to all of the local 
 trainmen among whom he numbers many stanch friends of long standing. 
 
 STEPHEN A. INGERSOLL. 
 
 - . , 
 
 Stephen A. Ingersoll, president of the Galesburg Coulter-Disc Company, is 
 at trte head of one of the important industrial and manufacturing enterprises 
 of the city, contributing substantially to its business development. In the 
 management of this undertaking he displays characteristic energj', determination 
 and foresight, qualities which have enabled him to overcome obstacles, meet 
 competition and so control his activities that success in substantial measure has 
 resulted. He was born in Sullivan county. New York, near Barryville, April 
 27, 1858, a son of At-aham and Sarah (Swartout) Ingersoll, who were likewise 
 natives of the Empire state. The paternal grandfather, however, was a native 
 of Pennsylvania and was of English lineage. Unto him and his wife were born 
 a son and five daughters, including Mrs. Sarah Kent and Abraham Ingersoll. 
 The latter was reared in Sullivan county. New York, and for many years en- 
 gaged in the lumber business but afterward turned his attention to farming. 
 Coming to Illinois in January, 1867, he settled near Wenona, Illinois, where he 
 purchased land, devoting his attention to its development and improvement until 
 the death of his wife, after which he made his home with his children. He 
 had mar-ied Sarah Swartout whose father, a native of New York, followed 
 farming near Port Jervis, Orange county. New York. To Mr. Swartout and 
 ' his wife were bom a son and five daughters, including Peter, Sarah, Eliza, 
 Jane and Mrs. Abraham Ingersoll. As stated, the last named passed away on 
 the old homestead, near Wenona, Illinois. Mr. Ingersoll died at Sandoval, 
 Illinois, in 1895, at the age of ninety-five years. He was remarkable in that his 
 eyesight remained good through his entire life, never requiring the use of 
 glasses. He was a democrat in politics and while living in the east filled several 
 minor offices. Both he and his wife were members of the Congregfational 
 church and were ever loyal to their professions. Their family numbered the 
 following children: Matilda, deceased, who was the wife of Frederick Nodine; 
 Susan, who became the wife of John Knight and is now deceased ; Eliza, the 
 wife of Thomas B. Kent, of Kalispell, Montana ; Emma, the wife of Charles 
 Allen, of Forrest, Illinois ; Naomi, the wife of Peter Marker, of Rutland, 
 Illinois; Sarah, who died unmarried; and Stephen A., of this review, 
 
378 ; HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY -';::;.;;> 
 
 The last named was eight years of age when the family came to Illinois, 
 so that he was reared upon the old homestead farm in La Salle county. The 
 summer months were devoted to the work of the fields and the winter seasons 
 to the acquirement of an education in the district schools until he entered the 
 high school of Wenona. Later he spent the greater part of four years as a 
 pupil in the Northern Indiana Normal College of Valparaiso, after which he 
 took up the profession of teaching, which he followed for a time, as he did also 
 the occupation of farming. He then removed to Marion county, Illinois, where 
 he engaged in the lumber business from i88i until 1905, living at Sandoval. 
 In the latter year he came to Galesburg. In the meantime he had turned his 
 attention to manufacturing interests and on coming to this city removed the 
 plant to this place. They now manufacture agricultural specialties, disc blades, 
 plow discs, and kindred articles. They employ from fifty to one hundred 
 people, according to the season. Their building is located at the western edge 
 of the city and is one hundred and forty-four by two hundred and sixteen feet. 
 It is thoroughly equipped with modern machinery and everything necessary to 
 facilitate the business and produce an output that will find a ready and profit- 
 able sale on the market. The officers of the Galesburg Coulter-Disc Company 
 at present are : Stephen A. Ingersoll, president ; R. C. Ingersoll, vice president ; 
 H. A. Nelson, secretary; and L. P. Wertman, treasurer. 
 
 In November, 1884, Mr. Ingersoll was married to Miss Cordelia L. Gaylord, 
 a native of Illinois and a daughter of Perry B. and Cordelia (Cowles) Gay- 
 lord, who were natives of New York. Mr. and Mrs. Ingersoll had a family of 
 five children. Roy C., the eldest, married Lulu Hinchliff. Winifred has spent 
 seven years in Knox College, pursuing the musical, scientific and classical 
 courses and is now in the senior year of the regular course. Harold G. was 
 graduated from Knox College in June, 1911, and now has charge of his father's 
 ranch in Judith Basin, Montana. Jennie was drowned in August, 1909, when 
 seventeen years of age. Stephen, who completes the family, is a pupil in the 
 high school. The parents are members of the Central Congregational church 
 and Mr. Ingersoll's views upon the temperance question are indicated in the 
 fact that he votes with the prohibition party. His influence is always found on 
 the side of right, progress, truth, reform and improvement, and his cooperation 
 may always be counted upon to further any movement or measure calculated 
 to advance the general good. His long life has ever been honorable and upright 
 in all of its phases and he sustains an unassailable reputation for business 
 integrity as well as for enterprise and careful management. 
 
 ; 'X ' PROFESSOR WILLIAM BLAKE CARLTON. ; 
 
 William Blake Carlton, teacher of voice and head of the musical history 
 and sight-singing department of the Knox Conservatory of Music at Gales- 
 burg, was born at Versailles, Tennessee, November 15, 1873. He was a son 
 of William and Nancy Virginia (Williams) Carlton and a grandson of Blake 
 and Mary (Walker) Carlton. The family comes of English ancestry and the 
 name was originally spelled Carleton. Blake Carlton, a native of North Caro- 
 
;- ' . ^ ; ^^ HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY :.^;.:v-> 379 
 
 -.'"''. j- -- -'.'-- -. .. L . - 
 
 lina, was a farmer by occupation and met an accidental death when about forty 
 Thomas and Minos. The maternal grandparents of William Blake Carlton 
 were James G. and Phoebe (Spence) Williams, the former born in Brunswick 
 county, Virginia, May 2, 1812. He was of German descent and during his 
 active life followed farming and blacksmithing. He reached the venerable age 
 of eighty-six years while his wife was seventy-eight years of age at the time 
 of her death. They had five children, who lived to maturity, as follows: 
 Nelson, Elizabeth, Nancy Virginia, Adna and Enoch. 
 
 Both William and Nancy Virginia Carlton were natives of Tennessee and 
 the former, who was reared in Rutherford county of that state, still makes his 
 home there, having devoted his entire life to general agricultural pursuits. At 
 the time of the Civil war he espoused the cause of the Confederacy and went 
 to the front as a private of Company A, Twenty-fourth Tennessee Volunteer 
 Infantry. Following the cessation of hostilities he took the oath of allegiance 
 to the United States government. In community aflfairs he has been somewhat 
 active, serving for one term as tax assessor and for many years as a member 
 of the school-board, the cause of education finding in him a stalwart friend. 
 He is a member of the Primitive Baptist church while his wife holds member- 
 ship in the Presbyterian church. Of their family of seven children three were 
 sons and four were daughters, as follows: Mary, the wife of Andrew Jackson, 
 of Murfreesboro, Tennessee ; Adna, the widow of Charles H. Hale, residing 
 near Versailles, Tennessee; Elizabeth, who married Jasper W. Jackson, of 
 Nashville, Tennessee ; William Blake, of this review ; Nelson Clay, of Spring- 
 field, Tennessee; Ella, the wife of W. Freeland Jackson, of Eagleville, Tennessee; 
 and Dr. John D., of Union City, Tennessee. William Carlton was twice mar- 
 ried, his first wife having been Sarah Spence, by whom he had two children, of 
 whom one reached adult age, James F., now of Brownwood, Texas, while the 
 other died in infancy. 
 
 William Blake Carlton was reared in Rutherford county, Tennessee, spend- 
 ing his youthful days upon his father's farm, in the vicinity of which was 
 received his English education in the district schools of that county and at Haley, 
 Tennessee. When eighteen years of age he started out in the world on his 
 own account by clerking in a general store and later was connected with a 
 grocery house in Springfield, Tennessee, for seven years in the capacity of 
 salesman. He then became one of the proprietors of that establishment in 
 partnership with his brother Nelson Clay, under the firm style of Carlton 
 Brothers, which business association was maintained for five years. On the 
 expiration of that period he came to Galesburg and pursued a course in Brown's 
 Business College. He recognized the fact that nature had endowed him with a 
 good singing voice and he was ambitious to develop his talents in that direction, 
 so that he entered the Knox Conservatory of Music, pursuing the full course 
 and graduating with the class of 1908. He taught for a year and a half, in- 
 structing such pupils as could not be accommodated in the college, beginning 
 this work in 1907. In September, 1908, he became a regular teacher of voice 
 in Knox College and the following year was made head of the department of 
 musical history and sight reading. In this connection he is proving not only 
 that he has musical talent himself, but that he also has ability as an instructor, 
 his pupils making rapid and substantial progress under his direction in propor- 
 tion to their talent. 
 
380 ' HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY 
 
 On the 1 8th of June, 1902, Mr. Carlton was married to Miss Ellen Kendall 
 A very, who was born in Galesburg, March 9, i88i. Her parents, Robert H. 
 and Sarah (Ayers) A very, were also natives of Illinois and in this state her 
 father died in 1892 and her mother in 1898. They were the parents of six 
 children, Minnie, Fred, Sarah, Cornelia, Ellen and Elizabeth. The paternal 
 grandfather of Mrs. Carlton was George Avery, one of the pioneer residents of 
 Knox county and a charter member of the Congregational church of Galesburg. 
 Her maternal grandparents were Thomas N. and Sarah Ayers, whose family 
 numbered the following, named : Cornelia, Sarah, Jessie, Abbie, Fannie, George, 
 Henry, James and Nelson. Unto Mr. and Mrs. Carlton have been born three 
 daughters, Margaret E., Esther A. and Sarah Jean. The^ parents are both 
 members of the Congregational church and in Galesburg they are widely and 
 favorably known, Mrs. Carlton having spent her entire life here, while Pro- 
 fessor Carlton has gained an extensive acquaintance during the period of his 
 residence in this city. His work is recognized as a valuable factor in upholding 
 the standard of the departments with which he is connected, and his own love 
 for and enthusiastic interest in music does much to inspire his pupils and to 
 promote musical culture and taste in this city. ; , . : ' 
 
 : C;;A WILLIAM LUCAS STEELE. ;.:,.;;;.:- 
 
 William Lucas Steele, superintendent of the city schools of Galesburg and , . u 
 prominently known in educational circles throughout the state, was born in Adams ; "i-V ' 
 county, Ohio, July 22, 1854, a son of William Lucas and Anna (Johnston) Steele. ' ;v ,' vv 
 The father was born near Londonderry, Ireland, in which city he acquired his ; . ;. 
 education. He came to America when about twenty years of age and devoted . ^^^ :':. '^ . 
 his life to farming. His wife was born near Chillicothe, Ohio, but her parents ;<^V 
 were natives of Scotland and resided for a time in Nova Scotia before coming '.':.'- 
 to the United States. ; , ;.. 
 
 During his early boyhood William L. Steele accompanied his mother on her >.. 
 removal to Randolph county, Illinois, where he attended a country school dur- ;%:. y : 
 ing the winter months until fourteen years of age. He afterward spent a >::';, 
 year as a public-school student in Monmouth, Illinois, and obtained his advanced - .:' ' v . 
 training in Monmouth College, from which he received the degree of Master ; / 
 of Arts, while Knox College has since conferred upon him the Ph. D. degree. 
 Difficulties and obstacles have at times beset his path. His father died when 
 he was but a year old and his mother was left with three small children, her ;- ; 
 property inheritance consisting of a farm, which she continued to manage after 
 her husband's death. It was in 1859, when her son, William L. Steele, was five 
 years of age, that she removed with her family from southern Ohio to a small 
 farm in southern Illinois, where the succeeding ten years were passed, at which 
 time the mother removed to Monmouth in order to educate her children, and 
 Mr. Steele was given the opportunities hitherto indicated. He early knew what 
 it was to labor and to meet the heavy responsibilities of life. At eight years 
 of age he worked in the fields with a team and when twelve years of age was do- 
 ing a man's regular work. He was ambitious to learn and made good use of 
 

 W. L. STEELE 
 
380 HISTORY OF KXOX COUNTY . 
 
 On the i8th of June. 1902, Mr. Carlton \va.s married to Miss Ellen Kendall 
 Avery, who \vas l)orn in Galeshurg, March <), i88i. Her parents. Robert H. 
 and Sarah (Avers) Avery, were also natives of Illinois and in this state her 
 father died in 1892 and her mother in 1898. They were the parents of six 
 children, Minnie, Fred. Sarah, Cornelia, Fllen and Elizabeth. The paternal 
 grandfather of Mrs. Carlton was George Avery. one of the ])ioneer residents of 
 Kno.x county and a charter member of the Congregational church of Galeshurg. 
 Her maternal grandparents were Thomas X. and Sarah .Avers, whose family 
 numbered the following, named : Cornelia, Sarah, Jessie, Abbie, Fannie. George, 
 Henry, James and Xelson. Unto Mr. and Mrs. Carlton have been born three 
 daughters, Margaret E.. Esther A. and Sarah Jean. The parents are both 
 members of the Congregational church and in Galesburg they are widely and 
 favorably known. Mrs. Carlton having si)ent her entire life here, while Pro- 
 fessor Carlton has gained an extensive ac(|uaintance during the ])erio(l of his 
 residence in this city. His work is recognixec] as a valuable factor in uj^holding 
 the standard of the departnu'uts with wliich lie is connected, and his own love 
 for and enthusiastic interest in music does much to inspire his pu])ils and to 
 promote musical culture and taste in this city. 
 
 ; WILLIAM LUCAS STEELE. 
 
 \\'illiam Lucas Sleele, superintendent of the city schools of (ialesburg and . 
 prominently known in educational circles throughout the state, was born in Adams 
 county, Ohio, July 22, 1^54, a son of \\'illiam Lucas and Anna (Johnston ) Steele. 
 The father was born near Londonderry. Ireland, in which city he accjuired his 
 education. He came to America when aljout twenty years of age and devoted 
 his life to farming. His wife was born near (,'hillicothe. ( )hio, but her parents : 
 were natives of Scotland and resided for a time in .\ova Scotia before coming 
 to the United States. 
 
 During his early boyhood \\'illiam L. Steele accom])anied his mother on her ' 
 removal to Randolph county. Illinois, where he attended a country school dur- , 
 ing the winter months until fourteen years of age. He afterward spent a ' 
 year as a ])ublic-school student in Monmouth. Illinois, and obtained his advanced ' 
 training in Monmouth College, from which he receive<l the degree of ^faster 
 of Arts, while Knox College has since conferred upon him the I'h. 1). degree. 
 Difficulties and obstacles have at times beset his ])ath. His father died when 
 he was but a year old and his mother was left with three small children, her 
 property inheritance consisting of a farm, which she continued to manage after ,/ 
 her husband's death. It was in 1859. when her son. \\'illiam L. Steele, was Hve 
 years of age. that she removed with her family from southern Ohio to a small 
 farm in southern Illincjis. where the succeeding ten years were passed, at which 
 time the mother removed to Monmouth in order to educate her children, and , , 
 Mr. Steele was given the opj)ortunities hitherto indicated. He early knew what 
 it was to labor and to meet tbe heavy resjOTnsibilities of life. At eight years 
 of age he worked in the fields with a team and when twelve years of age was do- 
 ing a man's regular work. He was ambitious to learn and made good use of ; ' 
 
';<;:'^- .;'- HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY .;>.' J: . 383 
 
 .V V. i \ . - ; . . :_ ,-'.,> . . * . ' 
 
 his opportunities in that direction and while pursuing his college course engaged 
 in teaching in the rural schools for three winters. Following the completion of 
 his collegiate work in 1876 he was elected principal of the schools at Yates City, 
 Illinois, which position he held until January, 1883, when he resigned to .take 
 up the duties of county superintendent of Knox county, to which position he 
 had been elected in November, 1882. He thus served until September, 1885, 
 when he resigned to accept the superintendency of the city schools of Galesburg. 
 He has since been at the head of public instruction in this city, covering a period 
 of twenty-seven years, and the present efficient school system is largely the monu- 
 ment to his indefatigable energy and ability in the field of his chosen profession. 
 He has cooperated in many movements which have stimulated intellectual pro- 
 gress, always doing everything in his power to disseminate that knowledge which 
 constitutes the basis of a higher civilization. When principal of the schools at 
 Yates City he founded the Yates City School and Public Library, which con- 
 tained over two thousand volumes when he removed to Galesburg. While serv- 
 ing as county superintendent of schools he prepared the first course of study or 
 outline of school work for the country schools of the county. This was pub- 
 lished by the board of supervisors and ten copies placed in each district. Dur- 
 ing his incumbency as superintendent of schools in Galesburg the high school 
 has made remarkable development. It was the first public high school in the 
 state to introduce manual training and the first high school in the country lo 
 adopt the elective system in studies. He is continually seeking out new methods 
 to promote the work of the schools, rendering it of practical value as a prepara- 
 
 . tion for life's responsible duties. 
 
 In addition to filling the office of county superintendent of schools of Knox 
 
 county from December, 1882, until September, 1885, Professor Steele has filled 
 
 V other positions of trust and prominence. He has been honored with the presi- 
 
 - dency of the Central Illinois Teachers' Association, the Schoolmasters' Club of 
 Illinois and also the Illinois State Teachers' Association. He is at present a mem- 
 ber of the state commission of education, to which position he was appointed 
 by the governor. His efforts have done much to stimulate coworkers with much 
 of his own zeal and enthusiasm and while working toward high ideals his meth- 
 ods have always been of a most practical and resultant character. In addition 
 to his labors in the field of education he has since 1909 been president of the 
 Fidelity Savings & Loan Society, an institution whose assets are over eight hun- 
 dred thousand dollars. He has also been a member of the board of directors of 
 the First National Bank since 1905 and has been a member of the board of 
 Hope cemetery association since 1894. He has been the secretary of the board 
 of trustees of the Presbyterian church for over twenty years, of which church 
 he is a member. >:>..- 
 
 - - . > . 
 
 On the 2Oth of October, 1887, in Chicago, William L. Steele was united in 
 marriage to Miss Helen Carter Benedict, a daughter of the late Rev. Thomas N. 
 Benedict. For several years prior to her marriage Mrs. Steele was a successful 
 teacher in the Galesburg schools. She died May 3, 1893, survived by her two 
 daughters, Gertrude H. and Helen B. Her death was the occasion of deep regret 
 to many friends as well as to her immediate family, for her many excellent traits 
 of character had endeared her to all who knew her. 
 
384 ; HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY ':'.: 
 
 Mr. Steele's political allegiance has always been given to the republican 
 party, though he has not taken an active part in politics since leaving the county 
 superintendency in 1885. In manner he is quiet and unassuming, yet is con- 
 stantly working with a definite purpose in view and seldoni fails in its accom- 
 plishment. ' . ., :./:;..::...:' 
 
 ; f : . AUGUST RINELLA. .; V ^^ ^' ;.. v 
 
 August Rinella, who for the past thirteen years has been engaged in the 
 wholesale and retail fruit and confectionery business in Galesburg. was born 
 in Termini, Italy, on October 19, 1869. He is a son of Samuel and Josephine 
 (Cardarone) Rinella, natives of the same place, the father's birth occurring on 
 the 3d of June, 1846, and that of the mother on the 25th of September, 1856. 
 Samuel Rinella resided in his native land, engagihg in farming, .until 1890, 
 when with his wife and family, all except our subject, he emigrated to the 
 United States, having located in Chicago, where he successfully conducted a 
 fruit market for fifteen years. At the expiration of that period he retired and 
 removed to Kewanee, this state, and there he and the mother and five younger 
 members of their family continue to live. Six children were born to Mr. and 
 Mrs. Rinella, as follows: August, our subject; Joseph; Anthony; James; John; 
 and Angelo. The parents are communicants of the Roman Catholic church, 
 and his political support the father gives to the democratic party. 
 
 The first twenty-four years in the life of August Rinella were spent in 
 Italy, to whose schools he is indebted for his education. After laying aside his 
 text-books he assisted his father in the work of the farm until he had attained 
 his majority. He then entered the Italian army, as is customary in that country, 
 serving for three years as a musician. At the expiration of his period of enlist- 
 ment, in 1893, he took passage for the United States to join his people, who 
 came to this country about the time he joined the army. EHiring the first two 
 years of his residence in America he worked for his father, but at the end of 
 that time he started a business of his own that he conducted for three years. 
 As competition was very keen in Chicago, he looked about for a location else- 
 where, deciding in favor of Galesburg, where he located in 1898. Here he 
 established a wholesale and retail fruit and confectionery business, that has 
 prospered from the very first. Mr. Rinella is a business man of unusual 
 capabilities, and although he had only lived in the United States for five years 
 when he removed to Galesburg, he early manifested his ability to successfully 
 compete with merchants, who had been born and reared in this country and 
 were thoroughly familiar with its commercial conditions and methods. He 
 has built up an extensive local patronage and also enjoys an excellent country 
 trade, increasing so rapidly that it now requires the services of four salesmen 
 to call upon his customers. 
 
 In Chicago on the 2d of November, 1894, Mr. Rinella was united in mar- 
 riage to Miss Josephine Caruso, a daughter of Philip and Josephine (Purpera) 
 Caruso. Mrs. Rinella was born in Termini, on November i, 1873, and there 
 she was reared and educated. Her parents, who were farming people, were 
 
; ; - V '1 ''; HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY j . rV" 385 
 
 natives of the same place, the father being born in 1829 and the mother ten 
 years later. There the father passed away in 1891. The mother and family 
 remained in Italy until 1893, when they emigrated to the United States, locating 
 in Chicago, but Mrs. Caruso now makes her home with her daughter, Mrs. 
 Rinella, at Galesburg. The family of Mr. and Mrs. Caruso numbered ten chil- 
 dren, as follows: Antonema, the wife of Anthony Guiffre, of Chicago; Frank, 
 who is living in Galesburg; Gidia, who died in Italy; Philip, whose death oc- 
 curred in Chicago; Marie and Gustie, who both died before leaving their native 
 land ; Carmila, who passed away in Chicago ; Josephine, now Mrs. August 
 Rinella; August, living in Chicago; and Joseph, who died in that city. Mr. and 
 Mrs. Rinella have had the following children, namely : Josephine, born October 
 7, 1895; Samuel, born March 9, 1897; Gustie, born January 17, 1900; Philip, 
 born July 4, 1902; Joseph, born March 13, 1906; Mary, born October 8, 1908, 
 and who has passed away; and August. Jr., born May 19, 1910. 
 
 Mr. and Mrs. Rinella are Roman Catholics and belong to Corpus Christi 
 parish, and he is a member of the Knights of Columbus. As one of the enter- 
 prising and progressive business men of the city Mr. Rinella belongs to the 
 Retail Merchants Association. In matters politic he is a democrat, having given 
 his unqualified support to that party ever since granted the right of franchise 
 through naturalization. During the period of his residence in Galesburg he 
 has shown himself to be in every way a most desirable citizen, possessing many 
 substantial personal qualities. His integrity in all business transactions has 
 always been found to be above questioning and he is thoroughly loyal to the 
 country of his adoption. 
 
 . ; ; \,:' ; ;,.-;-:...;--. AARON BOWERS. ;-^: .V :';.;. -;:..r-'- " '^_-: 
 
 Aaron Bowers is a retired farmer living with his sister. Miss Elizabeth 
 Bowers, at No. 371 West North street in Galesburg. He was born in High- 
 land county, Ohio, March 21, 1829, and is a son of Silas and Phoebe (Lewis) 
 Bowers, who were natives of Virginia or Pennsylvania. The maternal grand- 
 parents were Jonathan and Elizabeth (Feasel) Lewis, both of whom lived to 
 old age and reared a family of several children, namely: Isaac, Phoebe, Aaron, 
 John, Christina, Nancy and Barney. Silas Bowers, the father of our subject, 
 became a farmer of Highland county, Ohio, and afterward, removing west- 
 ward, was an early settler of Parke county, Indiana. He passed away in Ver- 
 milion county, Indiana, when about sixty years of age. His wife survived him 
 and passed away in 1876 at the advanced age of eighty-two years and eight 
 months. She was a consistent member of the Methodist church. In their 
 family were ten children, namely: Mary Ann, who is the widow of John Wil- 
 son and resides in Sigourney, Iowa; Aaron, of this review; Elizabeth, living in 
 Galesburg; Sarah, the wife of J. H. Griggs, of Wheaton, Illinois; Christina, 
 the deceased wife of William Redford ; Lucinda, the deceased wife of J. A. 
 McCoy; and four who passed away in early life. 
 
 Aaron Bowers spent a part of his youthful days in Ohio and also remained 
 for a time in Indiana. He pursued his education in one of the old-time, log- 
 
386 HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY 
 
 cabin subscription schools. He was a particularly fine speller and knew the 
 old elementary spelling book by heart. In 1855 he came to Illinois, settling in 
 Warren county, where he purchased a quarter section of land in Coldbrook, 
 for which he paid twenty-five dollars per acre. Later he bought a farm in 
 Floyd township, where he now owns four hundred and one and a half acres, 
 in addition to his one hundred and sixty-acre tract in Coldbrook township and 
 a farm of two hundred and forty acres in Iowa. He lived in Coldbrook and 
 Floyd townships for forty-five years but has made his home in Galesburg for 
 the past eleven years and in this city owns a fine home where he lives retired, 
 he and his sister Elizabeth living together. While his life was devoted mainly 
 to general agricultural pursuits, in which line of business he won substantial 
 success, he has also done some public service, acting as road commissioner for 
 twelve years and also as school director for one term. 
 
 Elizabeth Bowers was born in Parke county, Indiana, October 31, 1833, 
 and has always remained with her brother, acting as his housekeeper. She is 
 a very devoted member of the Methodist church and takes a most helpful part 
 in its work. Mr. Bowers was formerly a member of the Masonic fraternity 
 and still holds his Masonic papers. He is yet a member of the Odd Fellows 
 lodge at Cameron. He is now more than eighty-two years of age and his life 
 has been that of a successful farmer and stockman. He began as a poor boy 
 without money and has made all of his property himself, placing his dependence 
 upon energy, industry and determination. He certainly well deserves the pros- 
 perity that came to him. He has been a resident of this part of the state for 
 fifty-six years and its history is therefore largely familiar to him, while in the 
 work of its agricultural development he has borne an important part. 
 
 V .-. : CHARLES S. CLARK. / V/-: ;^.\/- 
 
 One of the most extensive landowners and successful agriculturists of ;' 
 Victoria township is Charles S. Clark, who in addition to the duties connected 
 with the operation of his extensive acreage is officially connected with a num- 
 ber of the leading banking institutions of Knox county. He is a native of New 
 York, his birth occurring in Roxbury, Delaware county, on the 4th of June, 
 1835, and the eldest son of Job W. and Hepsey (Woods) Clark, while his . 
 paternal grandfather was Hazard Clark. The father was born in Berkshire, 
 Massachusetts, on the 7th of July, 1812, while the mother was a native of Rox- ; 
 bury, her birth occurring in 1815. In his early manhood Job W. Clark came to 
 New York, locating in Roxbury, where on the I3th of July, 1834, he was united 
 in marriage to Miss Woods. There they spent the early years of their domestic ' 
 life, but in 1855 they came west, and in December of that year settled in the .. 
 village of Victoria. Mr. Clark subsequently purchased a quarter section of 
 land west of there, known as the Mound farm. Later he and his wife removed ; 
 to an eighty-acre tract in Victoria township, and there he passed away on the 
 24th of January, 1884, his wife surviving until the I3th of October, 1886, when . 
 her death occurred on the home farm. Both were laid to rest in the cemetery 
 at Victoria. Of the marriage of Mr. and Mrs. Clark there were born six chil- ' 
 
CHARLES S. CLARK 
 
386 . HISTORY OF KXOX COUNTY 
 
 cabin subscrijition schools. lie was a particularly fine speller and knew the 
 old elementary spelling book by heart. In 1855 he came to Illinois, settling in 
 \\'arren county, where he purchased a quarter section of land in Coldbrook, 
 for which he paid twenty-five dollars jier acre. Later he bought a farm in 
 Floyd township, where he now owns four hundred and one and a half acres, 
 in addition to his one hundred and sixty-acre tract in Coldbrook township and 
 a farm of two hundred and forty acres in Iowa. lie lived in Coldbrook and 
 Floyd townships for forty-five years but has made his home in Galesburg for 
 the past eleven years and in this city owns a fine home where he lives retired, 
 he and his sister Elizabeth living together. While his life was devoted mainly 
 to general agricultural pursuit>. in which line of business he won substantial 
 success, he has also done some public service, acting as road commissioner for 
 twelve years and also as school director for one term. 
 
 Flizabeth Dowers was born in Parke county. Indiana. October 31. i<^33, 
 and has always remained with her l)n)ther. acting as his housekeeper. She is 
 a very devoted member of the Methodist church and takes a most helpful i)art 
 in its work. Mr. Bowers was formerly a member of tbe Masonic fraternity 
 and still bolds bis Masonic |ia])ers. lie is yet a member of the Odd Fellows 
 lodge at Cameron, lie is now more than eighty-two years of age and his life 
 has been that of a succe-sful farmer and stockman. He began as a poor boy 
 without money and lias made all of his pro])erty himself, placing his dependence 
 upon energy, industry and determination. He certainly well deserves tlie pros- 
 perity that came to him. I le has been a resident of this ]xnrt of the state for 
 fifty-six years and its history is therefore largely familiar to him. while in the 
 work of it.-i agricultural development he has borne an important part. 
 
 : ;: CHARLES S. CLARK. : 
 
 One of the most exten--ive landowners and successful agriculturists of 
 Victoria township is Charles S. Clark, who in addition to the duties connected 
 with the operation of his extensive acreage is ofificially connected with a num- 
 ber of the leading banking institutions of Knox county. He is a native of Xew 
 York, his birth occin-ring in Roxbury, Delaware county, on the 4th of June, 
 1833, and the eldest son of Job \V. and Hepsey (Woods) Clark, while his 
 paternal grandfather was Hazard Clark. The father was born in Berkshire, 
 Massachusetts, on the /th of July, 1812. while the nunher was a native of Rox- 
 bury, her birtb occurring in 1815. In his early manhood Job W. Clark came to 
 Xew York, locating in Roxbury, where on the I3th of July, 1834. he was united 
 in marriage to Miss \\'oods. There they spent the early years of their domestic 
 life, but in 1855 tbey came west, and in December of that year settled in the 
 village of \'ictoria. ]\Ir. Clark subse(|uently purchased a quarter section of 
 land west of there, known as the Mound farm. Later he and his wife removed 
 to an eighty-acre tract in \'ictoria township, and there he passed away on the 
 24th of January, i8<84, his wife surviving until the I3th of October, 1886, when 
 her death occurred on the home farm. Both were laid to rest in the cemetery 
 at \'ictoria. Of the marriage of Mr. and Mrs. Clark there were born six chil- 
 
" CIIAKLKS S. CLARK 
 
;',;::^",^ vv;v v^^. ; HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY . 
 
 dren, the eldest of whom is Charles S., of this sketch. William Perry, who was 
 born on June ii, 1839, now residing in Talmage, Nebraska, married Adaline 
 Hines, a native of Victoria, from whom he was subsequently divorced. Of 
 this marriage there were born three children : Carrie Augusta, who is deceased ; 
 Charles Perry; and William Bird, who is also deceased. On the I2th of March, 
 1887, he was married to Mary Peterson, also of Victoria, and they have three 
 children: Marion Caroline; Ella May; and Mary Louise. Marian A., whose 
 birth occurred on February 14, 1846, married Charles D. Sornborger, who was 
 born in Victoria on the 26th of October, 1843. Their marriage occurred on the 
 1 2th of April, 1870, and on the 5th of March, seven years later, she passed 
 away and was buried in the cemetery at Victoria. Unto them there were born 
 three sons: Clifford Ford, whose natal day was the I2th of June, 1871; Clyde 
 Wilson, born on July 24, 1874; and Earl Charles, who was born on August 13, 
 1877, and died on the 8th of April, 1878. Judson E., the fourth in order of 
 birth of the children of Mr. and Mrs. Job W. Clark, was born in February, 
 1848, and died in 1850. Sarah Ella was born on Christmas day, 1850, and on 
 the 29th of March, 1871, she was married to Elmer C. Powell, of Springfield, 
 Ohio, whose natal day was November i, 1849. Unto them were bom the 
 following children : Osborne Wayne, Augusta. Maurice Clark, Mabel Clarion, 
 Mildred Bell, Reed McKinley and Sybil Marie. Luman Reed was united in 
 marriage on the 23d of May, 1884, to Matilda R. Cummings, who was born on 
 the I4th of June, 1859, and she died in Kansas on the 2Oth of March, 1894. Of 
 this marriage there were born five children, Arthur Wilcox, Nellie Belle, Charles, 
 John Gilmore and Luman Reed, Jr. 
 
 Charles S. Clark was educated in the common schools of his native state, 
 where he spent the first twenty years of his life. After the family removed to 
 Victoria he began his independent business career, and for two years thereafter 
 clerked in Whitting & Copley's mercantile establishment. Much of his life hav- 
 ing been spent on a farm, he was thoroughly familiar with agricultural pursuits, 
 and as this vocation seemed to afford better opportunities of advancement than 
 commercial lines he left the store and the succeeding two years devoted to 
 farming. In 1860 he made a trip to the mining sections of Colorado, making 
 the journey with a team and wagon. There he secured a gold claim and spent 
 eight months in prospecting. At the expiration of that period he returned to 
 Victoria and bought a farm of one hundred and sixty acres a mile east of town. 
 He subsequently disposed of this property and bought the place where he is 
 now living, located on the east side of the north and south road in section 7, 
 Victoria township, containing one hundred and thirty acres of fertile land, that 
 is well improved and carefully kept up. In the operation of his fields Mr. Clark 
 has always manifested the intelligence and capability that characterizes the suc- 
 cessful business man in any line of activity, and as a result he has been unusually 
 prosperous. Well tilled and carefully cultivated land, where all other conditions 
 are favorable, invariably responds to the attention bestowed upon it by yielding 
 abundant harvests, and such has been the experience of Mr. Clark, who annually 
 realizes a handsome dividend from his fields. In connection with diversified 
 farming he raises stock, and this branch of his business has also proven to be 
 very remunerative. As his means have warranted he has added to his holdings 
 until he now owns eleven hundred acres of land, all of which is under cultiva- 
 
390 HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY ; t . 
 
 tion. With the exception of two eighty-acre tracts that are located in Copley 
 township, all of his land is in Victoria township. All of the buildings now 
 standing on his homestead have been erected during the ownership of Mr. 
 Clark, with the exception of the residence. He has large, substantially con- 
 structed barns and outbuildings for his stock, which is of a good grade, and 
 ample provision is also made for the protection of his grains and farming 
 implements. 
 
 On the 2ist of March, i86i, Mr. Clark was married to Miss Almina C. 
 Hedstrom, who was born at Farmington, Illinois, on the I2th of October, 1840, 
 and passed away on the farm, where Mr. Clark now resides on November 5, 
 1887, of typhoid fever. She is buried in the cemetery at Victoria. Her father 
 was a Swedish minister and her mother a sister of Anson Sornborger, formerly 
 of Worcester, Oswego county. New York. Unto Mr. and Mrs. Clark there 
 were born five children. Irwin J., who is the eldest, was born on the 23d of 
 September, 1862, and died on October 5, 1888. Mary Lois, who was born on 
 the I9th of May, 1864, married Xevvton C. Robbins, of Copley township, and 
 they have nine children, Glenn, Maurine, Edith, Eva, Reuben, Stewart, Howard, 
 Jean and Lucille. Charles Delbert, who was bom on November 14, 1866, and 
 died in April, 1898, married Nettie Doak, this event occurring on the 5th of 
 November, 1895. Unto them were bom two sons, John Stewart and Charles 
 Doak. On the 24th of April, 1900, Mrs. Charles Delbert Clark passed away 
 and was laid to rest beside her husband in the cemetery at Victoria. She was a 
 daughter of John and Janet Doak, of Oneida, Illinois. Both Mr. and Mrs. 
 Charles D. Clark were members of the Methodist Episcopal church. He always 
 took an active interest in all political affairs, his allegiance being given to the 
 republican party, and he held a number of township offices. Jennie Becker was 
 born on the 29th of September, 1869, and makes her home with her father. She 
 is a member of the Congregational church. John Perry, whose natal day was 
 the I7th of September, 1871, married Eva Gordon, a daughter of Harry and 
 Mary Gordon, and is a resident of Victoria. Of this marriage there have been 
 born five children, Gordon Wilder, Ralph Perry, Fred Richard, Helen Janet 
 and Jean Almina. The Victoria cemetery, where so many members of the Clark 
 family are buried, originally belonged to the farm now owned by our subject, 
 but was deeded away, for the purpose it is now used, before he bought the place. 
 
 In matters of faith Mr. Clark is a Methodist, as was also his wife, while his 
 political views accord with the principles of the republican party. Although he 
 has for many years had extensive business interests, that claimed the greater 
 part of his attention, Mr. Clark never neglects his civic duties. He takes an 
 active and helpful interest in the political affairs of the township, and served 
 for twelve years as school trustee and director and for three terms as township 
 supervisor. In the administration of his official duties he manifested the same 
 sagacity and discretion as characterizes his transactions in business life, his 
 service being marked by rare efficiency. Mr. Clark possesses not only unusual 
 business acumen but great versatility, as anything that he has undertaken has 
 been so capably directed, that it has proven a success from every point of view, 
 and the methods used in its achievement have at all times been above question. 
 He has the rare faculty of recognizing opportunities ignored by the man of 
 less foresight, that he ably directs to his own advantage, and to this can be at- 
 
; ^v::;x V ;/ J -^^ ::- ' 39i 
 
 tributed his unusual success. In addition to his valuable realty holdings he is 
 
 - a stockholder and director of the State Bank of Victoria, and a stockholder of 
 , the Oneida State Bank of Oneida, and of the State Bank of Altona, while he 
 
 ;- is also a director and vice president of the latter institution. Through the entire 
 
 period of his business career, Mr. Clark has at all times given evidence of pos- 
 
 sessing the qualities that would have won him recognition as a man of unusual 
 ; mental powers and judicious discernment in any vocation he might have elected 
 
 to follow. All of his transactions evidence the clear judgment, careful regard 
 for details, keen discrimination and above all else the determination of purpose 
 that characterize the successful man and give him the power wherewith he domi- 
 . nates conditions. 
 
 ; . : ; ; ; V JOHN C. OBERG. " : -, ; . 
 
 "'"; :^:;^i^ ^;';^-'-'\ \.;^-'--:;':; -^:^,^ -I;;';;' ;'-v:.^;,v.^^ ; - S' ':".'-; 
 
 John C. Oberg, a well known railroad man of Galesburg, where he has re- 
 sided for over forty years, was born in Sweden, on October 19, 1849. His 
 parents were John and Christine (Hanson) Oberg, who were born, reared and 
 married in Sweden. The father, as is customary in that country, served in 
 the army during his early manhood and subsequently worked as a laborer, 
 never having learned a trade. In 1855 with his wife and family he emigrated 
 to the United States, first locating at Altona. There he worked as a laborer for 
 a few months, but in 1856 he removed his family to Wataga, where he and the 
 mother passed away. They were members of the Swedish Lutheran church, 
 and his political allegiance was accorded to the republican party. Eight chil- 
 dren were born to Mr. and Mrs. Oberg, of wEom our subject is the eldest, the 
 others in order of birth are as follows : Christine, who is deceased ; Annie 
 and Andrew, twins, the former a resident of Lake Forest, Illinois, and the 
 latter deceased; Mary, who is also living in Lake Forest; and Oliver, Louise 
 and Carrie, residents of Wataga. 
 
 As he was only a child of four years, when he accompanied his parents on 
 their emigration to the United States, John C. Oberg acquired his education in 
 the common schools of Wataga, where he was reared to manhood. On the 
 I4th of February, 1871, he came to Galesburg and obtained employment as a 
 brakeman on a freight train. He was an efficient and reliable employe, and two 
 and a half years later was promoted to the position of conductor. Ten years 
 later, in 1893, he was again promoted, this time being assigned a passenger 
 train. He is now on the Galesburg & Quincy division of the Chicago, Burling- 
 ton & Quincy Railroad, on which he has been detailed for some time. He has 
 two million, five hundred thousand miles to his credit, and during the forty 
 years of his service with this company has never had an accident of more than 
 a minor nature. 
 
 On September 24, 1879, Mr. Oberg was united in marriage to Miss Mathilda 
 Jacobson, a daughter of John and Anna Jacobson, of Galesburg. Mrs. Oberg 
 was also a native of Sweden, her birth having occurred on May 6, 1849, while 
 she passed away in Galesburg in 1905. The family of Mr. and Mrs. Oberg 
 
892 HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY , .;; /"I 
 
 numbered five children, of whom three died in infancy ; the others are Lilly L, 
 and Sophia A., both of whom are at home. . ..[ ' 
 
 Mr. Oberg is a member of the Swedish Lutheran church, with which his 
 wife was also affiliated, and fraternally he belongs to the Order of Railway 
 Conductors, being identified with Galesburg Division, No. 83, in which he has 
 held the various offices. He is independent in his political views, giving his 
 support to such men and measures, he deems most Ikely to subserve the best 
 interests of all of the people. Mr. Oberg's life has not been distinguished by 
 any unusual events, but has been passed in the unobtrusive manner that char- 
 acterizes the thrifty and industrious citizen, who discharges his duties to his 
 family and society at large to the best of his ability. , ' . 
 
 ' ':/ JOHN HJERPE. ;;;.;;'/ ; / 
 
 ' John Hjerpe, identified with the building interests of Galesburg for twenty- 
 eight years, during the greater portion of which period he has been engaged in 
 contracting, is one of the leading representatives of his line of business in the 
 city. One of Sweden's enterprising sons, his birth occurred in Wermland, 
 on December 5, 1862, and there his parents. Carl and Martha (Haney) Hjerpe, 
 were also born and reared. Seven children were born to Mr. and Mrs. Hjerpe, 
 as follows : Carl, who is a resident of New Britain, Connecticut ; Tilda, the 
 widow of John Anderson, of Upsala, Sweden ; Ullrika, the wife of John Ander- 
 son, of Kewanee, Illinois ; Eric G., who is a minister, now a resident of Chi- 
 cago; John, our subject; and two who died in infancy. Carl Hjerpe during the 
 entire period of his active life followed the blacksmith's trade in his native 
 town and there he died in 1892, at the age of about ninety years. The mother 
 survived for three years thereafter, her death occurring after she had passed 
 the seventy-third anniversary of her birth. In matters of religious faith both 
 were Lutherans. : ;.V ''':'' I';'-" 
 
 Reared in the land of his birth, after completing his schooling, John Hjerpe 
 was apprenticed to the mason's trade. He was a thoughtful and ambitious 
 youth and it was early brought to his realization that conditions prevalent in 
 his own country, practically precluded any possibility of a rapid rise and the 
 prosperity to which he aspired, which decided him to try his fortune in the 
 new world. In 1883 he took passage for the United States, proceeding directly 
 to Galesburg and here he has ever since lived. During the early years of his 
 residence he worked under the direction and supervision of others, thoroughly 
 mastering his trade and being a mechanic of more than average ability, who 
 creditably performed every duty assigned him, he soon established a reputation 
 that made it possible for him to work independently. After about seven years 
 in the service of other contractors, he decided to found a business of his own, 
 having established a reputation for excellent workmanship and trustworthiness; 
 that he felt assured of his success. Thoroughness and reliability have been the 
 principal factors in- the upbuilding of Mr. Hjerpe's business and he is now 
 numbered among the foremost contractors in the city. He is conscientious in 
 the execution of his work, feeling that whatever is worthy of his attention is 
 
'' HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY a/;V '' > 393 
 
 deserving of his best efforts and this guiding principle has attained for him 
 enviable prosperity. Ehiring the long period of his connection with the building 
 interests of Galesburg he has been awarded the contracts for some of the prin- 
 cipal business buildings and private dwellings, and in every instance his work 
 has been performed in a manner to bring him recognition as an efficient crafts- 
 man and capable business man. 
 
 On the 3d of July, 1886, Mr. Hjerpe was married to Miss Hanna Peterson, 
 who was born in this city, on July 13, 1867. She is a daughter of Gustavus 
 and Johanna (Johnson) Peterson, both natives of Sweden, whence they emi- 
 grated to the United States in 1852. Upon their arrival in this country they 
 came directly to Illinois, first locating in Princeton, where they resided for a 
 year. At the end of that time they removed to Galesburg, which was there- 
 after their home. Gustavus Peterson was identified with various activities 
 until age compelled his retirement, having been janitor of Knox College for 
 fourteen years and sexton of the cemetery for fifteen, while for ten years he 
 worked as a gardener. He passed away in 1907, at the age of eighty-four years 
 and the mother was eighty-three at the time of her death, in 1906. They were 
 members of the Swedish Evangelical Mission, regularly attending its various 
 services. The family of Mr. and Mrs. Peterson numbered eight, five of whom 
 lived to attain maturity, as follows : Caroline, the wife of the Rev. George 
 Wiberg ; Josephine, who married E. G. Hjerpe ; Joseph ; Joshua, who died in 
 1905 ; and Hannah, now Mrs. John Hjerpe, whose paterna^ grandparents were 
 Peter and Charlotte (Stonewall) Sangren, and to them were born three chil- 
 dren : Gustavus, the father of Mrs. Hjerpe ; Aaron ; and Sander. Mr. and 
 Mrs. Peter Johnson, Mrs. Hjerpe's maternal grandparents, had but one child, 
 Johanna, who became the wife of Gustavus Peterson. Mr. and Mrs. John 
 Hjerpe have had nine children : Harold, who is now attending high school ; 
 L jslie, Eric and Stanley, who are at home ; Carl, who died at the age of fifteen ; 
 Edna, whose death occurred when she was thirteen; and three who died in 
 infancy. ''^. '.;;''.-' -C ,.'' '";'>'':^. :'?.- ''' ' -' ^ / '':',- 
 
 The family attend the Swedish Evangelical Mission, in which the parents 
 hold membership, Mr. Hjerpe having been one of the trustees of this organiza- 
 tion for twenty-one years. His political indorsement he has always accorded 
 the republican party since granted the full rights of citizenship, but he does 
 not approve of their attitude toward the liquor traffic, his views in that regard 
 conforming strictly to those of the prohibition party. Mr. Hjerpe has many 
 friends in Galesburg, as has his wife, who is a woman of culture and refinement 
 and graciously presides over their pleasant home, the hospitality of which is 
 freely extended to their large circle of friends. -7; ;':..:.:--:'....- 
 
 -.,/;;; CHARLES H. CHAMBERLAIN. 
 
 Charles H. Chamberlain is a prominent factor in industrial circles as treas- 
 urer of the Purington Paving Brick Company, one of the most important pro- 
 ductive enterprises of Galesburg and the most extensive establishment of its 
 kind in the United States. His birth occurred in Pratts Hollow, Madison county. 
 
394 HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY 
 
 New York, on the i2th of September, 1851, his parents being Orason and 
 Lucinda C. (Lewis) Chamberlain. The father was born at that place on the 
 2ist of February, 1819, while the mother's birth occurred in Morrisville, Madi- 
 son county. New York, on the I5th of May, 1823. Orason Chamberlain, who 
 was one of the proprietors of a woolen mill at Pratts Hollow, New York, re- 
 moved to Dubuque, Iowa, in 1858 and was there engaged in the commission 
 business throughout the remainder of his life, his demise occurring on the 5th 
 of August, 1865. He gave his political allegiance to the republican party and 
 was a valued member of the Universalist church, acting as one of its trustees. 
 It was at Morrisville, New York, that he wedded Miss Lucinda C. Lewis, who 
 still survives him and makes her home with our subject. They became the 
 parents of three children, as follows: Annette and Dwight L., both of whom 
 are deceased ; and Charles H., of this review. 
 
 The last named obtained his early education in the schools of Ehibuque, 
 Iowa, and later continued his studies in the high school at Englewood, Illinois. 
 After putting aside his text-books he entered the First National Bank of 
 Chicago as a messenger boy, winning gradual promotion as he demonstrated 
 his worth and ability until he was given charge of the country books. In 1886 
 he left that institution and went to Kansas for the benefit of his health, riding 
 the range for six years. On the expiration of that period, in 1892, he came to 
 Galesburg, Illinois, as secretary of the Purington Paving Brick Company, which .' ' 
 position he held for some time. He is now serving as treasurer of this im- . : .. 
 portant concern and his efforts have contributed in no small degree to its con- .';' 
 Jtinued growth and success. He is likewise a stockholder in the Farmers & . 
 Mechanics Bank and has long held a leading place among the representative ,-;.;/ 
 business men and citizens of Galesburg. :-: 'i , 
 
 On the nth of May, 1876, Mr. Chamberlain was united in marriage to Miss ..;;: :i 
 Helena Gorton, a daughter of Truman and Elizabeth (Searle) Gorton, of Rock :/' 
 Island, Illinois. Unto them were born three children, as follows: Lewis Gor- .. ;: 
 ton, who is deceased; Ethel, the wife of Gail Porter, of East Orange, New .;. 
 Jersey; and Ruth Helen, at home. ...,'.':: ir^r-'' :^^ ;/' I'! :.>'? ''':i^;V 
 
 Mr. Chamberlain gives his political allegiance to the republican party and 
 has served as alderman of the third ward for four years. His religious faith is . 
 that of the Universalist church and his official position therein is that of chair- - 
 man of the board of trustees. He also belongs to Englewood Council of the 
 National Union and is a valued member of the Galesburg Club. Mr. Chamber- 
 lain is a thoroughgoing business man. improving his opportunities for the attain- 
 ment of financial success, and his diligence has been the source of his prosperity. 
 
 : V-.;:, , JOHN C M. REDMON. ; > ; ; ' 
 
 For almost a quarter of a century John C. M. Redmon has continued his resi- 
 dence upon the farm which is yet his home, and during that period his close 
 application and well directed efforts along agricultural lines have brought to 
 him a competence which now ranks him among the successful residents of 
 Cedar township. He has long since passed the Psalmist's allotted span of three 
 
JOHN C. M. REDMON 
 
394 HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY - 
 
 Xe\v York, on the i2th of September, 1851, his parents being Orason and 
 Lucinda C. (Lewis) Chamberlain. The father was born at that place on the 
 2ist of February, 1819, while the mother's birth occurred in Morrisville, Madi- 
 son county. New York, on the I5th of May, 1823. Orason Chamberlain, who 
 was one of the proprietors of a woolen mill at Pratts Hollow, Xew York, re- 
 moved to Dubuque, Iowa, in 1858 and was there engaged in the commission 
 business throughout the remainder of his life, his demise occurring on the 5th 
 of August, 1865. He gave his political allegiance to the republican party and 
 was a valued member of the Universalist church, acting as one of its trustees. 
 It was at Morrisville, Xew York, that he wedded Miss Lucinda C. Lewis, who 
 still survives him and makes her home with our subject. They became the 
 parents of three children, as follows: Annette and Dwight L., both of whom 
 are deceased ; and Charles H., of this review. 
 
 ' The last named obtained his early education in the schools of Dubuque, 
 Iowa, and later continued his studies in the high scliool at Fnglewood, Illinois. 
 After putting aside his text-books he entered the First Xational P.ank of 
 Chicago as a messenger boy, winning gradual jiromotion as he demonstratetl 
 his worth and ability until he was given charge of the country books. In 1886 
 he left that institution and went to Kansas for the benefit of his health, riding 
 the range for six years. On the expiration of that period, in 1892, he came to 
 Galesburg, Illinois, as secretary of the Purington Paving IJrick Company, which 
 position he held for some time. He is now serving as treasurer of this im- 
 portant concern and his efforts have contributed in no small degree to its con- 
 tinued growth and success. He is likewise a stockholder in the Farmers & 
 Mechanics P.ank and has long held a leading place among the representative 
 business men and citizens of Galesburg. 
 
 On the nth of May, 1876, Mr. Chamberlain was united in marriage to Miss 
 Helena Gorton, a daughter of Truman and Elizabeth fSearle) Gorton, of Rock 
 Island, Illinois. Unto them were bom three children, as follows : Lewis Gor- 
 ton, who is deceased; Fthel, the wife of Gail Porter, of East Orange, Xew 
 Jersey; and Ruth Helen, at home. ., j 
 
 Mr. Chamberlain gives his political allegiance to the republican party and 
 has served as alderman of the third ward for four years. His religious faith is 
 that of the Universalist church and his official position therein is that of chair- 
 man of the board of trustees. He also belongs to Englewood Council of the 
 Xational I'nion and is a valued member of the Galesburg Club. Mr. Chamber- 
 lain is a thoroughgoing business man. improving his opportunities for the attain- 
 ment of financial success, and his diligence has been the source of his prosperity. 
 
 JOHX C. M. REDMOX. _ 
 
 For almost a quarter of a century John C. M. Redmon has continued his resi- 
 dence upon the farm which is yet his home, and during that period his close 
 application and well directed efforts along agricultural lines have brought to 
 him a competence which now ranks him among the successful residents of 
 Cedar township. He has long since passed the Psalmist's allotted span of three 
 
JOHX C. M. HKDMOX - 
 
I 
 
,:;.-;/:':..: HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY v :^^; 397 
 
 score years and ten, for his birth occurred on the 9th of April, 1832, the place 
 of his nativity being Adair county, Kentucky. His parents, Thomas Jefferson 
 and Harriett M. (Booher) Redmon, were also natives of that county and there 
 the father followed farming for a number of "years. His death occurred in 
 the Blue Grass state, while the mother's death occurred suddenly at Belle Plaine, 
 Kansas. In their family were eleven sons and three daughters but only three 
 : . of this number survive. 
 
 ;.. In the schools of Adair county, Kentucky, John C. M. Redmon acquired his 
 
 ; education, while his practical training came to him through the assistance which 
 
 he gave to his father in the operation of the home farm. He remained with his 
 
 ' parents until the outbreak of the Civil war, when, putting aside all personal 
 
 \ interests, he enlisted from Mount Vernon, Kentucky, on the 3ist of July, i86i, 
 
 :, becoming a soldier an Company I, Third Kentucky Volunteer Infantry, for three 
 
 years' service. At the expiration of this term he reenlisted at Loudon, Ten- 
 
 : ' nessee, on the ist of January, 1864, and his second term continued until a severe 
 
 '.' wound caused his retirement from the army. He participated in many im- 
 
 .' - portant battles and was four times wounded; in the head at the battle of Chick- 
 
 ^. amauga, Georgia, in October, 1863; ^"d in the leg during the battle fought near 
 
 : Big Shanty, Georgia, on the i8th of June, 1864, when he also received a breast 
 
 ';!; wound. The fourth wound, which was received in battle in June, 1864, caused 
 
 his withdrawal from the ranks and he was mustered out at Jeffersonville, Indiana, 
 
 ;,,; on the 8th of September, 1865. 
 
 After the close of a most honorable and creditable military service Mr. 
 
 . Redmon went to Gosport, Indiana, to which place his parents had removed in 
 
 1865, and later he accompanied them to Kansas. For twenty-two years he con- 
 
 '.' tinued to make his home in the Sunflower state and then, in 1887, he came to 
 
 ' .' Knox county, Illinois, where he has since remained, his residence here covering 
 
 r . a period of almost a quarter of a century. Throughout this entire period the 
 
 : farm upon which he now lives, located on section 33, Cedar township, has 
 
 ; remained the scene of his activities, and under his capable management has 
 
 ' become one of the valuable properties of the region. His attention has ever been 
 
 ; given to agricultural pursuits and his close application thereto and his compre- 
 
 . hensive knowledge concerning the best methods of plowing, planting and har- 
 
 ,: vesting, have been salient qualities in the acquirement of a success which is 
 
 today both substantial and creditable. 
 
 Mr. Redmon was married, on the I4th of February, 1886, to Miss Minerva 
 
 ' Ellison, who was born in Knox county, October 3, 1842, a daughter of Thomas 
 
 ..: and Nancy Ellison. Hei*sparents, the father a native of Kentucky and the 
 
 ,; mother of Indiana, came to Knox county at a very early day, at which time 
 
 they settled upon the place which is now the home of their daughter, Mrs. 
 ; Redmon, and which has long been known as the old Ellison family homestead. 
 A Mr. and Mrs. Ellison both passed away in Abingdon, where the former was 
 
 familiarly known as Captain Ellison. Their family consisted of ten children. 
 
 : A brother of Mrs. Redmon, James Milton Ellison, now resides in Colorado, 
 
 : ; while a sister, Mrs. Mary Jane Andrews, makes her home in Helena, Montana. 
 
 In religious faith Mr. Redmon is a Seventh Day Adventist, while his wife 
 
 . belongs to the Methodist church and is also identified with the Ladies Circle of 
 
 -. the Grand Army of the Republic. He maintains pleasant relations with his old 
 
 " 
 
 TOl 
 

 398 HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY -- - , 
 
 .:..-.' ' - ' ' . .'.' 
 
 army comrades through his membership with Post No. 58, G. A. R., of Abing- 
 don, while in politics he is a republican. Although numbered among the older 
 residents of Cedar township he is still active in the world's work and takes a 
 deep and public-spirited interest in all matters relative to the upbuilding and 
 progress of the locality. His life has been one of continuous activity in which 
 his industry and perseverance have won their just reward in material success, 
 while upright principles and worthy purposes have won the regard and esteem 
 that crown honorable old age. v > . ' '! !'.'';' ' 'V 
 
 V :.Vv .. FREDERICK R. HAZLETT. - / 
 
 Frederick Russell Hazlett, secretary and treasurer of The Lake W. Sanborn 
 Agency of Galesburg, makes his home at No. 827 North Cedar street. He 
 was born in Freeport, Illinois, May 17, 1878, and is a representative of old 
 pioneer families of this state. ^;:,;. , , ^:^':. V:;'^^'- . -, I ^ ^^ : 
 
 His grandfather. Dr. Thomas Jefferson Hazlett, was a native of Pennsyl- 
 vania, and became a physician, devoting his life to the practice of medicine and 
 surgery, when he was called to his final rest in Freeport when he had but 
 passed middle life. He married Cornelia Russell, who at the time was pre- 
 ceptress of Mt. Morris Seminary, this state. She long survived him, her final 
 resting place being Freeport, Illinois. They had a family of four children of 
 whom the following are still living: Russell Jefferson, Frederick Buckley and 
 Fannie. ,, ''-- . '''' ^ .^".'' ' ::/'^'--':'-.-:'-''^'- i. '','_ .'-';;' 1 ,'.'' .''''^; 
 
 Of these, Frederick B. Hazlett, father of Frederick R. Hazlett, was bom in 
 Iowa, moving to Freeport later, where he was reared and educated, becoming 
 an electrician immediately after leaving school. About i88i he moved to Gales- 
 burg as manager for the Bell Telephone Company. Shortly after this he be- 
 came interested in the electrical business and secured the first franchise rights 
 granted in the city to operate an electric light and power plant. In 1876 he 
 married Clara L. Pollard, a native of Coventry, England, and a daughter of 
 George and Sarah (Taylor) Pollard, who were likewise natives of Coventry, 
 where the father learned and followed the watch-maker's trade. They came 
 to America just prior to the Civil war, settling in Brooklyn. After the out- 
 break of hostilities Mr. Pollard enlisted for active duty at the front, serving 
 between two and three years during which time he participated in the hotly 
 contested battle of Bull Run. After the war he located at Grand Crossing, 
 Illinois, and subsequently went to Elgin, where he died when well advanced in 
 years. His wife lived to be eighty-nine years of age and passed away in Gales- 
 burg. Their only child was the mother of our subject. As before mentioned 
 she became the wife of Frederick B. Hazlett, two sons being born to them, 
 Frederick R. and George T. Both parents are members of the Baptist church 
 and are well known socially, their many good qualities of heart and mind en- 
 dearing them to a large circle of friends. 
 
 Frederick R. Hazlett has lived in Galesburg from the time he was four 
 years of age and passing through the consecutive grades of the public schools 
 was at length graduated from the high school in the spring of 1897. He then 
 

 ; .. , ..-K;; ; ; 'r;4;': HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY ^v:^;^^ 399 
 
 : ~ became fireman and later engineer for the Galesburg Electric Light and Power 
 
 ; . Company, having become familiar with this work during vacation months of 
 
 : ;,' previous years. In this capacity he continued until the ist of October, 1898, 
 
 . : when he began working in the office of Lake W. Sanborn, thus entering into 
 
 active connection with the insurance business. He thoroughly acquainted him- 
 
 self with every phase of the business during the time that he remained in the 
 
 ^- office as an employe. On the first day of January, 1906, he was admitted to a 
 
 . . " partnership in the business under the firm name of The Lake W. Sanborn 
 
 V. Agency. They conduct the largest general insurance business in this part of 
 
 . ; the state and their success has its root in close application, fairness to both 
 
 ; : their clients and the companies they represent, and a thorough understanding 
 
 of the work which claims their attention. 
 
 / Mr. Hazlett is pleasantly situated in his home life. He was married, October 
 
 22, 1902, to Miss Zora Aldrich, a daughter of Percy and Emma (Pierce) Ald- 
 
 . . ' rich, who were natives of Illinois. Her father, however, after spending five 
 
 ' : years in California, moved to Chariton, Iowa, where he died in early age, and 
 
 ; her mother's death occurred in Galesburg in 1900, when she was thirty-eight 
 
 . years of age. They had six children, Zora, Ralph R., Elmer W., Lloyd L., and 
 
 ;. two who died in infancy. The only daughter became the wife of Mr. Hazlett 
 
 ^ and is now the mother of two interesting children, Janet P. and Doris A. 
 
 Both Mr. and Mrs. Hazlett hold membership in the First Baptist church, 
 
 . ' in which he served for a number of years as church treasurer and later trustee. 
 
 . He exercises his right of franchise in support of men and measures as he thinks 
 
 : best although he has always been identified with the republican party, and fra- 
 ternally he is an Elk. He is likewise prominent socially and for several years 
 
 . - ' :/ has been secretary of the Galesburg Club and vice president of the Soangtaha 
 
 . ' Country Club, which at once gives evidence of his standing among his fellow- 
 
 : ' men. Conspicuous to the eye of the writer as he sat down by Mr. Hazlett's 
 
 , ?' desk for a little talk, was two group pictures of his wife and children and a 
 
 ; motto by Elbert Hubbard: 
 
 , , V ' . . "Live Every Day So That You Can 
 
 Look Any Damn Man In The Eye 
 And Tell Him To Go To Hell." . . 
 
 His record needs little comment for he has practically spent his entire life 
 in Galesburg and the high mark he has made is indicated by the fact that many 
 of the comrades of his youth remain as the friends of his youth. 
 
 v-V;;'\v'v^--;;:^; ;;.;'.;;',. MICHAEL MOUNT. .. ': .".^^^Crv^i^; -:.v.<;:;-; 
 
 Michael Mount, who is the oldest conductor in point of years of continuous 
 service now running out of Galesburg, on the Chicago, Burlington & Quincy 
 Railroad, was born in Jefferson county, Tennessee, in the vicinity of Knoxville, 
 on January 22, 1841. He is a son of William T. and Alzaria (Cates) Mount, 
 the father a native of Virginia, his birth occurring in 1799, and the mother bom 
 
: HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY .:;'< 
 
 and reared in Jefferson county, Tennessee, where they were married. In his 
 
 ' early youth William T. Mount left his native state and went to Tennessee, 
 
 settling in Jefferson county, where he engaged in farming until his death in 
 
 1857. The mother survived him for many years, her death occurring in the 
 
 county where she had passed her entire life in 1896. They were both members 
 
 of the Baptist church, and his political support the father accorded to the whig 
 
 \: party. He was a public-spirited man and took much interest in local politics, 
 
 always assuming his share of the governmental responsibilities and for some 
 
 ' years served as justice of the peace. The children of Mr. and Mrs. Mount, all 
 
 of whom are now deceased with the exception of three, numbered nine, as fol- 
 
 : lows : Margaret, the widow of Joseph Bailey, of Jefferson county, Tennessee ; 
 
 - John, who is deceased ; Humphrey, a soldier in the Confederate army who 
 died at Vicksburg in 1863; Martha and Nancy, both of whom are deceased; 
 
 Michael, our subject ; Mattie, the widow of Joseph Miles, of Knoxville, Ten- 
 -; nessee; and William and James, who are deceased, , ,1 ' | ' ' 
 
 Having been reared on his father's farm, in the acquirement of his educa- 
 
 , tion Michael Mount first attended the district schools of the vicinity and later 
 the college at New Market. Tennessee. He remained at home assisting his father 
 and brothers in the cultivation of the fields until i86i. In the latter year he 
 enlisted as a private in the Confederate army, going to the front as a member 
 of Company A, First Tennessee Light Artillery, He participated in some of 
 
 : the most sharply contested battles of the war. being present at Shiloh, Corinth. 
 Columbus and the siege of Vicksburg, and was mustered out in 1863 with the 
 
 '- rank of corporal. After the close of his period of enlistment he returned home, 
 remaining there until December, 1863, when he came to Illinois, locating at 
 
 . Quincy. Soon thereafter he obtained employment on a farm in that vicinity, 
 where he worked until the ist of August, 1864, when he came to Galesburg, 
 
 ; and entered the service of the Chicago, Burlington & Quincy Railroad Company 
 as brakeman on a freight train. In 1869 he was promoted to the position of 
 conductor, and on the ist of March. 1884, was assigned passenger duty. Dur^ 
 ing the first four years of his connection in this capacity, he was on the Gales- 
 burg and Peoria division, and the succeeding two years he ran from here to 
 Chicago. He was next transferred to the Galesburg and Quincy division, 
 where he was retained for ten years and at the end of that time he was detailed 
 on the Peoria line, his present run. I . 
 
 ~ Fowler, Illinois, was the scene of the marriage of Mr. Mount and Miss 
 
 Annie Virginia Mitchell, the event being celebrated on the 28th of April. 1868. 
 Mrs. Mount was born at Fowler, on the 2 ist of December. 1851, and is a 
 daughter of Wylie J. and Nancy (Ballard) Mitchell. The father was born at 
 Wheeling. West Virginia, on the I3th of January, 1805, and the mother at 
 Lynchburg, Virginia, on January 28. 1814. Wylie J. Mitchell came to Iowa 
 during the pioneer days, locating at Burlington when it contained but fourteen 
 
 , houses. There for many years he conducted a hotel and among his guests were 
 
 . the first governor and the Indian chief. Black Hawk. Later he removed to 
 Missouri, but subsequently located on a farm in the vicinity of Fowler, and 
 there he passed away on October 3. 1870. He was survived for more than 
 
 '/ thirty years by his widow, whose death occurred on May i, 1902. In politics 
 he was a republican, but he never held any office save that of school director. 
 
. V i ^ "^;^> HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY ' '. 'J.x. ; 401 
 
 Mr. and Mrs. Mitchell had seven children, the youngest of whom is Mrs. 
 Mount. The others are as follows : Thomas B., who is deceased ; Mary Mar- 
 garet and Sarah Jane, twins, who are also deceased ; James W., who died on 
 the 28th of March, 1904; Susan E., who is deceased; and Nancy, the wife of 
 John Watson, of 'Aberdeen, Washington. The parents were both members of 
 the Methodist Episcopal church, and for many years the father was one of the 
 official stewards. Four children have been born to Mr. and Mrs. Mount. Charles 
 H., who is an engineer on the "Q" running out of Galesburg, is married and 
 has one daughter, Annie Adelia. Alzaria Virginia married E. J. Ross of Chi- 
 cago, and they have one daughter, Virginia Helen. Rolla, who is also a resident 
 of Chicago, is niarried and has three daughters: Alzaria Catherine, Ruth 
 Roberta and Mary Ann. James, who is the youngest, has passed away. 
 
 Fraternally Mr. Mount is a worthy exemplar of the Masonic order, being 
 a member of the blue lodge and the commandery of Galesburg. In his political 
 views he is independent giving his support to such men and measures as he 
 deems best adapted to serve the highest interests of the municipality. Having 
 been a resident of Galesburg for over forty-seven years, Mr. Mount is widely 
 known in the community, where he has many friends, who accord him the 
 respect his many fine qualities justly merit. , .. - '.*...... 
 
 .;:.;' ' .,;.; ' ;;;;.;;/;; vrr GEORGE SMITH GATES. : '. , ;';v :'.-:;;:.;;';>" '^^ 
 
 ^ Dr. George Smith Gates, who for the past five years has been engaged in 
 the practice of veterinary surgery in Galesburg, was born in Morristown, Lamoille 
 county, Vermont, on the I5th of July, 1839, a son of George W. and Betsey 
 (Smith) Gates. The father was also a native of Morristown, where his birth 
 occurred on the nth of October, i8io, and the mother was born in Elmore, 
 Vermont, on September 22, 1814, and there passed her girlhood. They were 
 married at Elmore in October, 1837, and began their domestic life in the vicinity 
 of Morristown, where the father engaged in farming until his death, on the 
 26th of January, 1890. The mother passed away on May 26, 1901. The family 
 of Mr. and Mrs. Gates consisted of four children of whom our subject is th'e 
 eldest, while the others, in order of birth, were as follows : Elizabeth M., who 
 is deceased; one who died in infancy; and Emma Mary, the wife of E. W. 
 Smith of Wellsriver, Vermont. The parents were Methodists, although the 
 father was superintendent of the Congregational Sunday school for twenty-five 
 years. He was a supporter of the republican party and took an active interest 
 in all matters of a political nature and for a number of years discharged the 
 duties of justice of the peace. 
 
 In the acquirement of his education Dr. Gates first attended the district 
 schools in the vicinity of his home, subsequently becoming a student of the 
 People's Academy of Morrisville, Vermont. After laying aside his school 
 books he engaged in teaching for nine terms, the last three years in Ontario 
 township, Knox county, where he located in 1866. Having grown up on a 
 farm, he received a thorough training in the practical methods of agriculture. 
 When he came to this county he settled upon a farm, devoting his energies to 
 
402 HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY 
 
 its operation until 1894. During that period he was also studying veterinary 
 surgery with a view of adopting it for a vocation, and in 1894 was awarded his > 
 degree from the Ontario Veterinary College at Toronto, Canada. Immediately 
 thereafter he removed to Blandinsville, McEtonough county, this state, where 
 he established and maintained an office until 1906, when he ckme to Galesburg. , 
 Dr. Gates has met with success in his profession, his long experience in raising i; 
 stock proving of invaluable assistance to him in his practice. ,; 
 
 On the gth of March, 1864, Dr. Gates was united in marriage to Miss Helen . 
 Louise West, who was born in Waterbury, Vermont, on April 13, 1835. She ' 
 was a daughter of J. P. and Lx)uise West, both natives of Orange county, Ver- : 
 mont, where the father passed away. The mother subsequently came to La . 
 Crosse, Wisconsin, and there spent her latter days. They were both members 
 of the Universalist church. In politics he was a republican and at one time 
 occupied the position as justice of the peace. Four children were born to Dr. 
 and Mrs. Gates. Ernest William, who is married and lives at Morrisville, 
 Vermont, has four children : Harold Cortez, Madeline Hattie, Raymond Smith ;. 
 and Catherine. Carroll Levi, who lives at Costello, New Mexico, is also mar- -.' 
 ried and has two children, Erroll and Helen. Lulu Anna, the only daughter ;^ 
 of Dr. and Mrs. Gates, passed away. Harry Washington, who resides in ; 
 Galesburg, is married and has one daughter, Florence. On the 2d of October, ^ 
 1883, the family was called upon to mourn the loss of the wife and mother. ; 
 Dr. Gates married, on the 28th of September, 1884, Mrs. Allie Walter, a . 
 daughter of Jesse and Jerusha (Stire) Everitt, of Prairie City, Illinois. Mrs. 
 Gates is a native of New Jersey, her birth having occurred on September 28, 
 1843, ^"d two children have been born to Dr. ,and Mrs. Gates : Marion Ethel, 
 who is living at La Junta, Colorado; and Vernon Fitch, who will graduate trom 
 Knox College with the class of 1914. 
 
 Dr. Gates is a deacon in the Elast Main Street Congregational church, in . 
 which Mrs. Gates also holds membership, and in his political views he is a : 
 republican. When residing in Vermont in 1862, Dr. Gates was a member of 
 the state militia, being sergeant in Company I, Second Regiment, which was .'. 
 organized to protect the northern border of the United States from Canadian , 
 raiders. Forty-five years have elapsed since he first became a resident of Knox 
 county, and during that time he has been an interested observer of its marvelous . 
 development as pioneer conditions have passed with the advent of a newer and .. 
 higher civilization. . ..: .;:,..-,- 
 
 ;:^'^': \ . JOHN R. YOUNG. ' :' - ^r ^ .:v;' 
 
 ''.'..-. ' . ',-'.'*--'-'. - . 
 
 One of the representative agriculturists of Knox county is John R. Young, 
 whose enterprise and progress is manifested through the attractive appearance 
 of his highly cultivated and improved farm, located on section 32 of Persifer 
 township. Foresight and sagacity have always characterized Mr. Young, who 
 has so intelligently directed his activities as to become one of the extensive 
 landowners of the county, his holdings now aggregating six hundred acres. -^ 
 
JOHN R. YOUNG 
 
402 . HISTORY OF KXOX COUNTY 
 
 its operation until 1894. During that period he was also studying veterinary 
 surgery with a view of adopting it for a vocation, and in 1894 was awarded his 
 degree from the Ontario X'etcrinary College at Toronto, Canada. Immediately 
 thereafter he removed to Dlandinsville, McDonough county, this state, where 
 he estahlished and maintained an office until 1906, when he came to Galeshurg, 
 Dr. Gates has met with success in his profession, his long experience in raising 
 stock proving of invaluable assistance to him in his practice. 
 
 On the 9th of March, 1864, Dr. Gates was united in marriage to Miss Helen 
 Louise West, who was lx)rn in \\'aterbury, X'ermont, on April 13, 1835. She 
 was a daughter of J. I*, and Louise West, both natives of Orange cotmty, \"er- 
 mont, where the father passed away. The mother subsequently came to La 
 Crosse, Wisconsin, and there spent her latter days. They were both members 
 of the Universalist church. In politics he was a republican and at one time 
 occupied the position as justice of the peace. I'our children were born to Dr. 
 and Mrs. Gates, lamest William, who is married and lives at Morrisville, 
 \'ermont, has four children: Harold Cortez, Madeline Ilattie, Raymond Smith 
 and Catherine. Carroll Levi, who lives at Costello. Xew Me.xico, is also mar- 
 rieil and has two children, Erroll and Helen. Lulu Anna, the only daughter 
 of Dr. and Mrs. Gates, passed away. Harry \\'ashington, who resides in 
 Galesburg, is married and has one daughter. Florence. On the 2(1 of October, 
 1883. the family was calle<l upon to mourn the loss of the wife and mother. 
 Dr. Gates married, on the 28th of SejHember, 1884, Mrs. Allie Walter, a 
 daughter of Jesse and Jerusha (.Stire) Fveritt. of Prairie City, Illinois. Mrs. 
 Gates is a native of Xew Jersey, her birth having occurred on September 28, 
 1843, and two children have been born to Dr. and ^^rs. Gates: Marion Fthel, 
 who is living at La Junta, Colorado; and \'ernon Fitch, who will graduate trom 
 Knox College with the class of 1914. 
 
 Dr. Gates is a deacon in the East Main Street Congregational church, in 
 which Mrs. Gates also holds membershii), and in his political views he is a 
 republican. WJien residing iu \^ermont in 1862, Dr. Gates was a member of 
 the state militia, l)eing sergeant in Company I, Second Regiment, which was 
 organized to protect the northern border of the United States from Canadian 
 raiders. I'orty-five years have elapsed since he first became a resident of Knox 
 county, and during that time he has been an interested observer of its marvelous 
 development as jiioneer conditions have passeil with the advent of a newer and 
 higher civilization. 
 
 ; ' JOHX R. 
 
 One of the repre>eutative agriculturists of Knox county is Jolin R. ^^)nng, 
 whose enterprise and progress is manifested through the attractive appearance 
 of his higlilv cultivated and im])roved farm, located on section 32 of I'ersifer 
 township. l'\)re>ii;;ht and sagacity have always characterized Mr. \'()nng, who 
 has s.) intelligently directed his activities as to become one of the extensive 
 landowners of the county, his holdings now aggregating six hundred acres. 
 
.101 IN i;. voi 
 
v^ : ;^; -; : . -;^i HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY : ^ . ;^ .406 
 
 His birth occurred on the old family homestead on section 31, Persifer town- 
 ship, on the 23d of May, 1852, his parents being Robert and Mary F. (Johns- 
 ton) Young. Robert Young was a native of Warren county, Ohio, and there 
 he was also reared and educated, receiving his agricultural training on his 
 father's farm. In his early manhood he left his native state and came to Illi- 
 nois, engaging in farming in this county during the remainder of his active life. 
 He subsequently settled in Persifer township, acquiring the title to three hun- 
 dred and twenty acres of land on section 31, that upon his death was equally 
 divided among his children. He was an extensive stockman and met with 
 lucrative returns from both this and his agricultural pursuits, becoming one 
 of the substantial citizens of the community. He was one of the prominent set- 
 tlers of the pioneer period, his efforts having contributed much toward 
 promoting the development of this section of the county. Although he 
 withdrew from the active work of the fields during his later days, he con- 
 tinued to make his home on the farm and there passed away at the venerable 
 age of eighty-one years. He was buried in the cemetery at Knoxville, as was 
 also the mother, who was seventy-five when she died. She was a native of 
 New Jersey and a daughter of Edward and Elizabeth Johnston, who came to 
 Illinois during the pioneer period settling in Knoxville, where they both passed 
 away. Seven children were born to Mr. and Mrs. Young, four of whom are 
 residents of this county, as follows: Edward J., who lives in Galesburg; Han- 
 nah E., the wife of E. M. Collins, of Knoxville; John R., our subject; and 
 Robert L., wKo is a resident of Knox township. In matters of faith the parents 
 were Methodists and politically the father was a republican, but never held any 
 office save that of school director, the duties of which he discharged efficiently 
 for several years. ':"' -' ''Ar-i' v^:- . 
 
 Persifer township has always been the home of John R. Young, who com- 
 pleted his education at Hedding College. He subsequently returned to the farm 
 and has ever since diligently applied himself to agricultural pursuits. In the 
 direction of his activities he has used as much discretion and has as carefully 
 adhered to a definite system of operations as he would have followed in any 
 industrial pursuit, and to this fact unquestionably can be attributed much of his 
 success. Mr. Young is a practical man, at the same time he is progressive in 
 his ideas, and is always ready and willing to adopt a new method if it appeals 
 to him as being practicable. In the cultivation of his fields he has closely fol- 
 lowed the most highly approved methods of the modem agriculturists, and his 
 efforts have been well rewarded by abundant harvests. He has six hundred acres 
 of land, four hundred and ninety-one of which is embraced in his homestead 
 and is tilled under his personal supervision. His farm is fully equipped with all 
 modern appliances and conveniences that will reduce the labor or expedite the 
 work, while his large commodious barns and outbuildings provide ample shelter 
 for all the stock and farming machinery and implements. He has thoroughly 
 tiled his land wherever necessary, having eight miles of tiling on one quarter 
 section, and the soil is carefully watched and studied being supplied with such 
 fertilizer as is deemed essential to promote its productivity. One hundred and 
 ten acres of his land, located on section 13, of Knox township, is used exclu- 
 sively for pasturage. Here he also has a sawmill that was called into requisi- 
 tion when he was clearing the timber away preparatory to placing the land under 
 
 
406 'C HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY v,;lv;:^:-;^ 
 
 cultivation. During the long period of his ownership Mr. Young has erected 
 some very fine buildings on his farm, which are kept in good repair. From time 
 to time he has also installed various modern conveniences and improvements, 
 consistent with the spirit of progress he has at all times manifested in his under- 
 takings. His fields are well fenced and under high cultivation, the grounds 
 about his residence are neat and attractive in appearance and everything about 
 the place evidences the close supervision and careful regard for details that are 
 indicative of capable and efficient management. 
 
 Mr. Young has been married twice. His first union was with .Miss Samantha 
 Lotts, a daughter of Mr. and Mrs. Milton Lotts, and they became the parents 
 of four children : Earl L., who married Pearl Adams, and is now living at home ; 
 John R., Jr., who married Marie Wolf, a daughter of John Wolf, of Haw Creek, 
 residing on one of his father's farms ; Merrill, who married Marie McClure ; 
 and Trella, the wife of Robert J. Tarpy, who is living on section 32, Persifer 
 township. The mother of these children passed away at the age of thirty-seven 
 years and was laid to rest in the cemetery at Knoxville. In 1891, Mr. Young 
 married Miss Mary England, a daughter of George and Susan England, and 
 they have two children, Leon D. and Margie, both of whom are still at home. 
 
 In matters of faith Mr. Young has no strongly pronounced views and has 
 never identified himself with any organization. He is in hearty sympathy with 
 all church and Christian work, however, and liberally contributes toward the 
 maintenance of the various denominations and has generously assisted in erect- 
 ing a number of edifices for religious purposes in this vicinity. His fraternal 
 relations are confined to his membership in the Modern Woodmen of America, 
 his affiliation being with the camp at Gilson. Politically he is a stanch advocate 
 of the principles of the republican party and casts his ballot in support of their 
 candidates. He has assumed his share of the governmental responsibilities in 
 the township and has efficiently served in various capacities. For twenty years 
 in succession he discharged the duties of supervisor, while for three he served 
 as road commissioner and as assessor for one, and he was likewise school direc- 
 tor for a time. He is interested in various local enterprises, and is now president 
 of the Knox County Farmers' Mutual Fire & Lightning Insurance Company, 
 having been identified with this office for six years, while for twelve he was 
 a director. He also owns stock in the Gilson Farmers' Telephone Company and 
 is one of the directors of the Farmers' & Mechanics' Bank at Galesburg. Mr. 
 Young is one of the estimable citizens of his community, where he has passed 
 his entire life and numbers among his many friends the comrades of his boy- 
 hood, whose regard is a high tribute to his character, as it covers a period of 
 more than fifty years of close acquaintanceship. -:,;:';. 
 
 . ; %; . WILLIAM HENRY WILLCOX. ] ; : i :.: ' 
 
 William Henry Willcox is a retired farmer now living at No. 940 North 
 Prairie street in Galesburg. He was born in Moriah, Essex county. New York, 
 January 9, 1836, his parents being Henry and Mary K. (Meacham) Willcox, 
 the former a native of Bridport, Vermont, and the latter of Poultney, Ver- 
 
.:--/v :''-;:-' HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY " ; ':^ ' 407 /' 
 
 mont. The Willcox family comes of Saxon origin and was seated at Bury St. 
 Edmunds, in the county of Suffolk, England, before the Norman conquest. .,; 
 James Willcox, the grandfather of our subject, was born at Bridport, Vermont, . -, ' 
 and was a son of Giles Willcox, of Killingsworth, Connecticut. He joined a -V 
 band of immigrants from Connecticut towns for the "New Hampshire grants" ; 
 and bought a tract of land on the Vermont shore of Lake Champlain, in Brid- '. ;; 
 port township. On the memorable morning of May lo, 1775, he acted as one '- 
 of the guides to Colonel Ethan Allen, who was bent upon the capture of Fort 
 Ticonderoga. He served as a soldier in the Revolutionary war, participating 
 in the movements of the Green Mountain boys in that district. The maternal ^ 
 grandfather of William H. Willcox was William Meacham, who was born at ' ' 
 North Adams, Massachusetts, September 20, 1771. He married Keziah Howe, . v, 
 whose birth occurred at Poultney, Vermont, May 25, 1775. They were married . 
 August 14, 1796, and both passed away in the state of New York when well : :,; ' 
 advanced in years. Their children were William H., Laura M., Martha J., i. 
 Jemimah C., Mary K. and Lorain E. ; ;:. 
 
 Henry Willcox, father of W. H. Willcox, was reared upon a farm and in : ' 
 Moriah, New York, wedded Mary K. Meacham. He afterward worked in a \v': 
 woolen mill on Lake Champlain until he decided to come to the west and with r 
 his wife and family made his way to Knox county in October, 1836. He then ; 
 located on the present site of Galesburg, just north of what is now Henderson . 
 street, owning a ten-acre lot there and purchasing a farm of eighty acres just - . 
 west of the town. He afterward removed to his farm and improved it, also ^ 
 extending its boundaries until it comprised one hundred and twenty-seven acres. \ : 
 Upon that place he reared his family, but in 1866 again took up his abode in ' 
 Galesburg, where he died in 1872 at the age of seventy-five years. His wife, .'* 
 who was bom in 1803, lacked but ten days of being eighty-five years of age when ' / 
 she passed away in 1888. They were both charter members of the Congrega- .; ' 
 tional church, in which Mr. Willcox served as an elder. In their family were 
 two sons and two daughters: Erastus, who acts as librarian in Peoria; Mary \. 
 Helen, who gave her hand in marriage to William T. Bartle and passed away V 
 when about twenty years of age; William H., of this review; and Clarissa ' 
 Adeline, the deceased wife of Edwin R. Willcox, a cousin. :. 
 
 William Henry Willcox was reared upon a farm adjoining Galesburg and ; 
 is one of three of the original colony who are still living in this city, the others 
 being Mrs. Charles Hinckley and Mrs. Henry Sanderson, whose husband was - 
 the first mayor of Galesburg. Mr. Willcox spent his youth in the usual manner ; ' 
 of farm lads and attended the first school in Galesburg. its site being on what ; ; 
 is now the public square. He was afterward a student in Knox Academy and ' ; 
 when he had completed his education he purchased his father's farm of one '/ 
 hundred and twenty acres, to which he added seven acres. There he continued i, ' 
 to engage in general farming until the spring of 1879, when he removed to 
 Trego county, Kansas, where he operated a ranch for eleven and a half years. 
 At that time he returned to Illinois and engaged in farming in the northwestern ; t{ 
 part of Peoria county for another eleven years. He next removed to Wyoming, ' j 
 Stark county, where he lived for six years and in 1907 he returned to Gales- 
 burg, where he has since made his home, now enjoying a well earned rest, '. 
 made possible through the success which he won while he followed farming. 
 
408 HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY 
 
 On the 3d of October, 1866, Mr. Willcox was married to Miss Eliza P. 
 Kellogg, who was born August 3, 1838, and died March 6, 1905. She was 
 originally a member of the Presbyterian church but afterward joined the Con- 
 gregational church of Galesburg with her husband. Unto Mr. and Mrs. Willcox 
 were born five children. Elizabeth, the eldest, is the wife of Dr. Alvin F, 
 Sherrill, of Atlanta, Georgia, who is dean of the theological seminary there. 
 Edward K., who is a farmer of Wyoming, Stark county, Illinois, married Ella 
 Jane Austin and they have four children: Dorothy A., Lawrence A., Marion 
 E. and Charles F. John H., who follows farming near Billings, Montana, mar- 
 ried Hattie Jaques and has three children : Marjorie I., William J. and Lois E. 
 Caroline is the fourth member of the family. Maurice M., who is the youngest, 
 is a graduate of the state university and now follows the profession of civil 
 engineering in Minneapolis, Minnesota. He married Eve I. Dills and they 
 have three sons : Henry K., Philip M. and John T. 
 
 In his political views William H. Willcox has always been a republican, 
 having attained his majority soon after the party was organized. He is en- 
 titled to wear the Grand Army button, for on the 5th of August, 1862, he 
 enlisted as a member of Company A, Seventy-seventh Illinois Volunteer In- 
 fantry. He was mustered in as duty sergeant and was mustered out July lO, 
 1865, as second lieutenant. Among the battles in which he participated were 
 those that occurred in the vicinity of Vicksburg leading to the capture of that 
 city. Mr. Willcox was made a prisoner of war at Sabine Crossroads, April 
 1 8, 1864, and was sent to Camp Ford near Tyler, Texas, where he was held 
 until the close of hostilities. After the war he followed farming successfully 
 for a number of years but eventually retired to enjoy a rest which he has truly 
 earned and richly deserves. He has ever commanded the respect and confi-.^ 
 dence of his fellow citizens and has a very wide and favorable acquaintance in :;, 
 Knox county. . ^/ 
 
 -:-.e^:- . N. H. GOODSPEED. : :^^: :: '. :-:v 
 
 - -. v ,-:/.. . ^ ..'-',..'..'...'.' 
 
 N. H. Goodspeed, a well known agriculturist and stockman of Victoria town- 
 ship, owns one hundred and seventy acres of land on section 15, that he devotes 
 to general farming. He was born in Athens county, Ohio, on the I4th of May, 
 1849, but the Goodspeed family originally came from Massachusetts. His grand- 
 father, Nathan Goodspeed, came to the Buckeye state in his early manhood and 
 engaged in farming. There he was subsequently married and passed the remain- 
 der of his life. The father of our subject, Daniel H. Goodspeed, was born and 
 reared in Ohio and there he later married Miss Martha Wingett who was a 
 native of the same state. They spent the early years of their domestic life in 
 the vicinity where they had always resided, but they later disposed of their inter- 
 ests there and, in 1855, came to Illinois. Upon their arrival in the state they 
 located on the farm where their son, N. H., now lives and there the mother passed 
 away in 1856 and was laid to rest in the cemetery at Victoria. The father sur- 
 vived her for many years, his death occurring in Victoria, in 1891, at the age of 
 seventy years. They always attended the Congregational church and his political 
 
DANIEL H. GOODSPEED 
 
408 HISTORY OF KXOX COUNTY 
 
 On the 3(1 of October, 1866, Mr. Willcox was married to Miss Eliza P. 
 Kellogg, who was born August 3. 1838, and died March 6. 1905. She was 
 originally a member of the Presbyterian church but afterward joined the Con- 
 gregational church of Galesburg with her husband. Unto ^Ir. and Mrs. Willcox 
 were born five children. Elizabeth, the eldest, is the wife of Dr. Alvin E. 
 Sherrill, of Atlanta. (iecM-gia. who is dean of the theological seminary there. 
 Edward K.. who is a farmer of Wyoming, Stark county. Illinois, married Ella 
 Jane Austin and they have four children : Dorothy A., Lawrence A., Marion 
 E. and Charles E. John II.. who follows fanning near r)illings, ^lontana, mar- 
 ried Ilattie Ja(|ues and has three children: Marjorie I., William J. and Lois E. 
 Caroline is the fourth member of the family. Maurice M., who is the youngest, 
 is a graduate of the state university and now follows the profession of civil 
 engineering in Minneapolis, Minnesota. He married Eve I. Dills and they 
 have three sons: Ilenry K.. Philip M. and John T. 
 
 In his political views \\'illiam II. \\'illco.\ has always been a republican, 
 having attained his majority soon after the ])arty was organized. He is en- 
 titled to wear tlie ("irand Army button, for on the 5th of August, 1862. he 
 enlisted as a member of Com])any A, Seventy-seventh Illinois \olunteer In- 
 fantry, lie was mustered in as duty sergeant and was musterc<l out July lo, 
 1865. as second lieutenant. Among the battles in whicli he participated were 
 those that occurred in the vicinity of X'icksburg leading to the capture of that 
 city. ]\rr. Willco.x was made a prisoner of war at Sabine Crossroads, A])ril 
 i8. 18^14. and was sent to Camp Eord near Tyler. Texas, where he was held 
 tmtil the close of hostilities. After the war he followed farming successfully 
 for a number of years but eventually retired to enjoy a rest which he has truly 
 earned and richly deserves. lie has ever commanded the respect and confi- 
 dence of his fellow citizens and has a very wide and favorable ac(|uaintance in 
 Knox countv. 
 
 ... X. II. GOODSPEED. : . 
 
 X. 11. Goodspeed, a well known agriculturist and >tockman of \'ictoria town- 
 ship, owns one hundred and seventy acres of land on section 15. that he devotes 
 to general farming. lie was born in Athens coimty, Ohio, on the I4th of May, 
 i84f;, but the Goods])eed family originally came from Massachusetts. Ilis grand- 
 father, Xathan Goodspeed, came to the lUickeye state in his early manhood and 
 engaged in farming. There he was subsecjuently married and passed the remain- 
 der of his life. The father of oiu' subject, Daniel II. Goodsi)ee(l. was born and 
 reared iu Ohio and there he later married .Miss Martha \\'ingett who was a 
 native of the same state. They spent the early years of their domotic life in 
 the vicinilv where they had always resided, but they later dis])osed of their inter- 
 ests there and, in 1855. came to Illinois. Upon their arrival in the state they 
 located on the farm where their son, X. II.. ni>\v lives and there the mother passed 
 away in 1836 and was laid to rest in the cemetery at X'ictoria. The father sur- 
 vived her for many years, his death occurring in X'ictoria. in i8<;i. at the age of 
 seventy years. They always attended the Congregational church and his political 
 
DANIEL H. GCIODSPKKU 
 
-^;;V;; V ;:; HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY 411 
 
 support Mr. Goodspeed gave to the republican party. He was a public-spirited 
 man and always took much interest in township affairs, serving for several years 
 as road commissioner. The family of Mr. and Mrs. Goodspeed numbered six, 
 all of whom were born in Ohio. They are as 'follows : Elizabeth, the wife of 
 J. B. Cochran, of Lynn township; Georgiana, who married G. W. Short, resid- 
 ing in Lynn township ; John Oliver, who makes his home with his brother, N. 
 H. ; he, whose name stands at the head of this sketch ; Eunice, the widow of 
 Orlando Short, of Galva, Illinois ; and Eleanor, who is deceased. 
 . : N. H. Goodspeed was only a lad of six years when he came to Victoria town- 
 ship with his parents and he has since passed practically his entire life on the 
 farm where he is now residing. His early years were not unlike those of other 
 lads reared in the country during the pioneer period. He attended the district 
 school until he had mastered the common branches, during which time, he also 
 assisted with the work about the farm. He subsequently gave his entire atten- 
 tion to agricultural pursuits and after attaining his manhood took over the man- 
 agement of the homestead, to the further cultivation and improvement of which 
 he has ever since devoted his energies. He engages in general farming but makes 
 a specialty of raising horses, cattle and hogs, and has met with success in his 
 undertakings. His farm is well improved and under high cultivation and is 
 fully equipped with all modern conveniences and appliances, deemed essential 
 to the successful pursuits of agriculture. < J 
 
 Mr. Goodspeed married Miss Ruth Young, a native of Knox county and a 
 daughter of John Young, and to them was born one son, Fred N., who is now 
 living in California. He married Emma Strom, who is deceased, and they had 
 three children : Gladys, Wayne Stodard and Vance, who are living with Mr. and 
 Mrs. Goodspeed. 
 
 The political allegiance of Mr. Goodspeed is given to the republican party, 
 but he has never held any township office. He is a member of the Independent 
 Order of Odd Fellows, and has held all of the chairs in the Victoria lodge; he 
 also belongs to the Masonic order, being affiliated with the lodge at Victoria. 
 In addition to his fane farm and other interests, Mr. Goodspeed is a stock- 
 holder in the Victoria Mutual Telephone Company. He has applied himself 
 intelligently and industriously to the development of his undertakings and his 
 efforts have been rewarded correspondingly, his prosperity being recognized by 
 his friends as the well merited dividend from his long years of toil and self- 
 denial. 
 
 -;:;,: r PROFESSOR ISAAC AUGUSTUS PARKER. .> 
 
 '.' '.' '. . .'' ' - * '.->".>'..-''','' '. >. 
 
 :' ; Professor Isaac Augustus Parker, emeritus professor of Greek of Lom- 
 bard College, ranked throughout the period of his active connection with edu- 
 cational interests as one of the foremost, educators of Illinois. He is now enjoy- 
 ing a well merited rest at the age of eighty-six years. His has largely been the 
 ideal age that grows stronger and better mentally and physically as the years 
 go by and gives out of the rich stores of its wisdom and experience for the 
 benefit of others. He was born in South Woodstock, Vermont, December 31, 
 
412 HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY ;'{: .^; 
 
 1825, a son of Isaac and Lucia (Wood) Parker, who were also natives of 
 Woodstock. Their family numbered but two children, the elder being a daugh- 
 ter, Elvira, who became the wife of Loyal M. Wood and died in South Wood- 
 ; stock at an advanced age. Professor Parker is a descendant of James Parker, 
 who came from England and finally settled at Groton, Massachusetts. The 
 paternal grandfather was Eleazer Parker, who lived in Mansfield, Connecticut, 
 whence he removed to Vermont, settling in South Woodstock. He was a farmer 
 by occupation and a soldier of the Revolutionary war, responding to the Lexing- 
 ton alarm, at which time he left the plow and gave valued aid to the country in 
 her struggle for independence. He wedded Mary Royce and they reared a 
 large family, including: Eleazer; Isaac; Elizabeth, who married Charles Mc- 
 Kenzie ; Ruth, who became the wife of William Prior ; Mary, who gave her 
 hand in marriage to Humphrey Rood ; Lydia, who married David Aiken and 
 lived in Chautauqua county. New York; Lavina, who first became the wife of 
 William Benton and subsequently married Platt Benedict, who was the founder 
 of Norwalk, Ohio ; Sarah, who married Elias Smith ; and Lucy, who gave her 
 hand in marriage to Oliver Kendall. Eleazer and Mary (Royce) Parker, the 
 parents of this family, lived to the ages -of seventy-three and eighty-one years 
 respectively. In tracing the ancestry of Professor Parker in the maternal line 
 it is found that he had four ancestors who were passengers on the Mayfiower, 
 namely : John Tilley and his daughter, Elizabeth Tilley ; John Howland ; and 
 George Soule. The Wood family originated in England but Henry Wood, the 
 first of the ancestors in that line, came from Holland, as did his wife, who bore 
 the maiden name of Abigail Jenney. ' ..;.;; | ''-,.. 
 
 The maternal grandfather of Professor Parker was Joseph Wood, a native 
 of Middleboro. Massachusetts, who made farming his life work. He lived for 
 some time at South Woodstock and his death occurred at that place. He served 
 in several campaigns during the Revolutionary war. He married Mrs. William 
 Gray, a widow, who bore the maiden name of Bethiah Palmer. His death 
 occurred when he was sixty-five years of age, while his wife lived to be more 
 than eighty years of age. Their children were Joseph, Jr., Benjamin Palmer, 
 Samuel, Ira, Ora, Erastus and Lucia. The last named became the wife of 
 Isaac Parker and the mother of Professor Parker of this review. Isaac Parker 
 was reared to farm life and also learned the trades of a shoemaker and tanner, 
 in early life but afterward withdrew from those trades and devoted the greater 
 part of his days to general farming. He held the office of selectman and was 
 also justice of the peace. He likewise served as captain of a company of the 
 state militia and was in command of the company that escorted General Lafay- 
 ette into Woodstock when he made his visit to America more than a quarter of 
 a century after the Revolutionary war. Both he and his wife were members 
 of the Universalist church. He died in South Woodstock when about eighty- 
 six years of age and his wife survived him for a time, passing away at the age 
 of eighty-seven. 
 
 Professor Parker was reared in South Woodstock, Vermont, and attended 
 Dartmouth College, from which he was graduated in 1853. He received the 
 degree of Master of Arts from Dartmouth College in 1855 and the honorary 
 degree of Doctor of Philosophy from Buchtel College in 1892. He took up 
 the profession of teaching and for five years was principal of the Orleans 
 
HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY v'-'^. 418 
 
 Institute at Glover, Vermont. On the expiration of that period he came to 
 Galesburg as professor of ancient languages in Lombard University and such 
 was his ability as an instructor that his services were retained by the college 
 until 1908, when he resigned because of the weight of years. He contributed 
 much to the success of Lombard, his instruction being an important element in 
 the upbuilding of the school. 
 
 On the i8th of February, 1856, Professor Parker was married to Miss 
 Sarah A. Labaree, a daughter of William and Parthena (Whitmore) Labaree. 
 Mrs. Parker was a great-great-granddaughter of Peter Labaree, who was taken 
 captive by the Indians at Charlestown, New Hampshire, and sent to Canada, 
 where he was afterward released. The Rev. Benjamin Labaree, for many years 
 president of Middlebury College, was a cousin of her father, William Labaree. 
 The latter was born in New Hampshire and devoted his life to general agri- 
 cultural pursuits. He married Parthena Whitmore and their children were- 
 John Wesley: Ralph; William H. ; Charles K. ; Benjamin Franklin; Sarah Ann; 
 Harriet; Adeline; and Louisa, who became the wife of Ira Thompson and died 
 many years ago. Of these, Sarah Ann became the wife of Professor Parker. 
 She was born in Weathersfield, Vermont, in 1827, and died in Galesburg, in 
 1889, when sixty-two years of age. She held membership in the L'^niversalist 
 church and was a lady of many admirable characteristics and qualities. By her 
 marriage she became the mother of two children but the daughter, Izah Tenney, 
 died in Banning, California, in 1891. She had been a teacher in the public 
 schools of Galesburg and also in Lombard College. The son, William Augustus, 
 a civil engineer by profession, is now chief engineer of the St. Joseph & Grand 
 Island Railway and has his office in St. Joseph, Missouri. 
 
 Professor Parker's lite record is largely a familiar one to the residents of 
 Galesburg, for he has so long made his home in their midst. Well descended 
 and well bred, his tastes are innately those of refinement and culture and his 
 influence has always been given on the side of progress and advancement. He 
 has stood for the highest ideals in educational work and while instructing pupils 
 in the "dead" languages he has also kept before them the living issues of the 
 day in his efforts to prepare those under his instruction for the practical and 
 responsible .duties of life. His influence, exerted consciously or unconsciously, 
 has ever been a force for good in the lives of those with whom he has come in 
 contact. .. .. , .. ,.--,-., ^ .;, ,. ,^. .,;..-:... ..,, :...-.., . . .;- - ,.-.-.;,;; 
 
 : ? WILLIAM S. WILLIAMSON, M. D. ;^-;K;;/p;y 
 
 V. 
 
 ; Dr. William S, Williamson, a well known and successful representative of 
 the medical profession in Knox county, has continuously practiced at Galesburg 
 for more than two decades. His birth occurred in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 
 on the 2 1st of August, 1848, his parents being Hiram and Lydia (Pierce) Wil- 
 liamson. The father was born in \'irginia, on the I2th of May, 1800, while the 
 mother's birth occurred in Dauphin county, Pennsylvania, on the 4th of May, 
 i8io. The paternal grandparents of our subject, Hiram and Martha (Mc- 
 Clellan) Williamson, were planters of Virginia and were representatives of 
 
414 HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY "';:';; 
 
 old families of that state. Hiram Williamson, Jr., the father of Dr. William- 
 
 ,. son, was engaged in business as a lumber contractor and also owned large timber 
 
 .' tracts in western Pennsylvania. In 1856 he came west and took up his abode 
 
 in Henry county, Illinois, there devoting his attention to general agricultural 
 
 pursuits with excellent success. The last few years of his life were spent in 
 
 honorable retirement at Orion, Henry county, Illinois, where his demise oc- 
 
 , curred on the i8th of July, 1884. He gave his political allegiance to the re- 
 publican party and while living in the east served as justice of the peace and 
 also as a member of the school board. In early manhood he was a member of 
 
 .;;: the Society of Friends but after locating in the west affiliated with the Methodist 
 Episcopal church, acting therein as class leader and also as a member of the 
 board of stewards. It was on the 4th of May, 1828, in Indiana county, Penn- 
 sylvania, that he had wedded Miss Lydia Pierce, who passed away in May, 
 1900. Unto them were born ten children, as follows : Jacob, who was killed 
 
 ' in the battle of Vicksburg while a member of the Union army, serving in Com- 
 pany D, Thirteenth Illinois Infantry; Eliza Jane, who is also deceased; Hiram 
 F., living at Central City, Nebraska; Sarah and Joseph, both of whom have 
 passed away ; Lydia, the wife of Smith F. Purdy, of Abingdon, Illinois ; James, 
 ' deceased ; William S., of this review ; F. Nettie, who gave her hand in marriage 
 - to Samuel McGee and resides in Aurora, Nebraska ; and Sevena C., the wife of, 
 
 >' Aaron Elder, residing in Indiana county, Pennsylvania. - .. 1 ": / 
 
 William S. Williamson obtained his early education in the public schools 
 of Henry county, Illinois, later attended Prairie Home Academy and subse- 
 
 : , quently continued his studies in Grinnell College of Iowa. He next read 
 medicine under the direction of Dr. John N. McKelvey, of Orion, Illinois, and 
 
 . afterward entered the University of Michigan, from which he was graduated 
 with the class of 1875. Lx)cating for the practice of medicine at Rio, Knox 
 county, Illinois, he there remained for eight years and then removed to Aurora, 
 Nebraska, where he followed his profession for six years. On the expiration 
 of that period he entered the Jefferson Medical College of Philadelphia, com- 
 pleting the full course in 1889. In that year he opened an office at Galesburg, 
 Illinois, and this city has since remained the scene of his professional labors, 
 his success in the administration of remedial agencies and the restoration of 
 health insuring him a constantly growing and highly remunerative patronage. 
 There is also a military chapter in the life history of Dr. Williamson, for 
 at the time of the Civil war he enlisted as a member of Company B, Sixty-fifth 
 Illinois Volunteer Infantry, remaining with that command as a private for three 
 years. --' ;;';-- '. ''"'' :''' 'i 'X. -.' /":' ^ ' ' 1 ^^ '' \ .'. . " 
 
 On the 29th of April, 1875, Dr. Williamson was united in marriage to Miss 
 Elizabeth Burns Cook, who was born in Glasgow, Scotland, on the 4th of August, 
 1860, her parents being Alexander and Mary (Burns) Cook, of Mercer county, 
 Illinois. The father was a native of the Isle of Arran, off the coast of Scotland, 
 while the mother was born in the Scotch highlands. They were married in Glas- 
 ' gow, Scotland, and emigrated to the United States in 1862, locating in Lynn, 
 Henry county, Illinois, where Alexander Cook followed farming. His last days 
 
 _> were spent in honorable retirement at Swedona, Illinois, where both he and his 
 wife passed away. In politics he was a republican, while his religious faith 
 
 ' was that of the Presbyterian church, in which he served as a deacon, elder and 
 
HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY v ;;.':. 415 
 
 trustee. Unto Dr. and Mrs. Williamson were born four children, namely: Win- 
 field Howard, who is a resident of Desmet, Idaho; Jean Burns, the wife of Dr. 
 John C. Murchison ; Nellie, deceased ; and Bessie, who is at home. 
 
 At the polls Dr. Williamson supports the men and measures of the republi- 
 can party, believing firmly in its principles. Fraternally he is identified with the 
 Masons, the Knights of Pythias, the Woodmen and the Red Men. Both he 
 and his wife belong to the Central Congregational church and take an active 
 and helpful part in its work. Genial in disposition, unobtrusive and unassuming, 
 he is patient under adverse criticism and in his expressions concerning brother 
 practitioners is friendly and indulgent. . . ::... . : . > : x.- 
 
 :- Vv ;.-/' V'^. :'.:;-;,;',> ^ DAVID B. EDWARDS. ';-./. v/''^'^v^'':''y::''-^."'-v'^'--': 
 
 ; '.. David B. Fdwards, who for fifteen years has been a conductor on the Chicago, 
 Burlington & Quincy Railroad, his run being from Galesburg to Quincy, has 
 throughout his entire life been connected with railway service and his efficiency 
 and faithfulness are indicated in the fact that he has always remained with the 
 one road. He was born in Henderson county, Illinois, three miles south of 
 Kirkwood, on the ist of May, 1862, a grandson of John Edwards, who was of 
 Welsh birth and lineage and came to the United States at the time of the Revo- 
 lutionary war with the British army but deserted from its ranks and joined the 
 colonial forces, his sympathy being with the troops who were struggling for 
 independence. He located in Belmont county, Ohio, where his remaining days 
 were passed. 
 
 The parents of David B. Edwards were Thomas R. and Susan (Cook) 
 Edwards, both of whom were natives of Belmont county, Ohio, the father having 
 been born on the 29th of November, 1820, and the mother on the 2ist of August, 
 1827. Both were educated there and their marriage was celebrated in their native 
 county on the 25th of February, 1854. The father was a blacksmith by trade 
 and in the fall of 1860 came to Illinois, driving across the country to Henderson 
 county, where he secured a tract of land and engaged in farming. Year after 
 year he devoted his attention to the cultivation of the fields until his death which 
 occurred June 5, 1895. His widow survived him for eleven years and passed 
 away October 27, 1906. They were both consistent members of the Methodist 
 Episcopal church, in the work of which they were actively and helpfully inter- 
 ested, Mr. Edwards serving as one of the church trustees. In politics he was a 
 republican and served as township trustee, as road commissioner and as school 
 director, faithfully discharging his duties and also giving active and helpful sup- 
 port to every measure and movement intended for the public good. Unto him 
 and his wife were born six children : John Walter, a railway conductor on the 
 Rock Island Railroad, now living at Cedar Rapids, Iowa ; OrlofF D., a farmer of 
 Sumner county, Kansas ; Stephen C., who also follows farming in Sumner county ; 
 David B. ; Charles H., living on the old homestead in Henderson county ; and 
 Emma F., a twin sister of Charles, and now the wife of John W. Gordon, of 
 Hooker, Oklahoma.: _^ ,. , , ..:.;.,;- ..;..- . ..... ,-- 
 
416 ; HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY 
 
 V David B. Edwards has spent his entire life in Illinois and is indebted to its 
 public-school system for the educational privileges he enjoyed. In starting out 
 in life on his own account he secured a position as brakeman on the Chicago, 
 Burlington & Quincy Railroad, serving in that capacity until promoted to the 
 position of conductor on the 2d of February, 1896. He has since served in that 
 capacity, his run being from Galesburg to Quincy, and his loyalty, capability and 
 faithfulness are indicated in his long retention in the position. 
 
 On the I5th of July, 1885, Mr. Edwards was united in marriage to Miss 
 Augfusta Ervin, who was born August 23, 1866, at Statesville, North Carolina, 
 a daughter of Claude P. and Jane (Morrison) Ervin, of Biggsville, Illinois. 
 Her father was born June i6, 1843, in Iredell county. North Carolina, and 
 enlisted for service in the Confederate army under Colonel Vance, serving as 
 a private in the cavalry for three years and six months. He removed with his 
 family to Biggsville during the early girlhood of Mrs. Edwards, who was there 
 educated. By her marriage she has become the mother of two children : Walter 
 Earl, who was born in Biggsville, October 4, 1886, and died August 27, 1887; 
 and Gertrude May, who was born in Biggsville, February 17, 1888, and is living 
 with her parents. It was in 1885 that Mr. Edwards removed to Galesburg and 
 in 1907 he erected the residence which he and his family now occupy. He still 
 holds membership in the Odd Fellows lodge at Biggsville and belongs to the 
 Brotherhood of Railway Trainmen, Lodge No. 24. at .Galesburg. His political 
 indorsement is given to the republican party but he has no desire or aspiration 
 for public office and its rewards. His wife is a member of the Baptist church 
 and during the twenty-six years of their residence in the city they have made 
 many friends. 
 
 ALBERT W. TAPPER. > 
 
 Albert W. Tapper, a successful and representative agriculturist of Ontario 
 township, was born in Osco, Henry county, Illinois, on the 5th of December, 
 1871, his parents being Erick G. and Christina (Carlson) Tapper, who were 
 natives of Tjarstad, Estergetlan and Hoena, Sweden, respectively. The father 
 was born on November 13, 1831, and at the age of twenty-six years came to 
 the United States to seek his fortune in the agricultural district of the Middle 
 West, heretofore having spent his time in military training and agricultural pur- 
 suits. He settled first at New Sweden, Iowa, where he remained until 1863, 
 v.'hen he removed to Andover, Illinois, and located upon a farm near Osco. 
 At this place he became the owner of two hundred acres of valuable land, 
 which he successfully cultivated until 1889^ when he removed to Ontario town- 
 ship, Knox county, settling upon the farm, on which his son, A. W. Tapper, now 
 resides. This farm, which consisted of two hundred and seventy-one and a half 
 acres, was his home until his death, on the 23d of July, 1902, at the age of seventy 
 years. In politics he was a stanch and enthusiastic republican and he held mem- 
 
 
Ki;i( K TAIM'KK 
 
AM) KA 
 
'V:>^^;; :; HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY 421 
 
 ..; ":'". -.' '' . i' -' \ 
 
 bership in the Swedish Lutheran church at Andover, Illinois. In 1867 he was 
 married to Christina Carlson, whose birth occurred on the ist of January, 1840. 
 She left her native land for the United States in 1854 and resided with an aunt 
 near Orion, Illinois, until her marriage. She is now residing at Woodhull, Illinois. 
 
 Albert W. Tapper spent his early years at home, assisting his father and at- 
 tending the common schools in the acquirement of an education. At twenty-one 
 years of age he began attending Brown's Business College at Galesburg during 
 the winter months, although he still spent much time working on the farm. He 
 began his independent career in the spring of 1897, when he went to Monmouth 
 and engaged in the laundry business, which he conducted during the following four 
 or five years. After this, for a similar length of time, he was in the employ of 
 the Kingman Plow Company at Peoria, before again engaging in ag^cultural pur- 
 suits, at first for three years, on an eighty acre tract owned by Joe Cox, Sr., and 
 later, in the spring of 1908, on the homestead where his mother needed his as- 
 sistance. He has the entire farm under cultivation and is carrying on general 
 fanning most profitably in addition to feeding cattle and hogs. In the few years 
 in which he has been thus engaged, he has given his attention almost exclusively 
 to his farm and has shown his ability to equip it and operate it scientifically and 
 profitably. Among the later improvements which he has added is the silo, which 
 has a capacity of one hundred and twenty tons. 
 
 In September, 1898, Mr. Tapper was married to Miss Millie Samuelson, a 
 daughter of Olaf and Christina Samuelson, both of whom were natives of Sweden 
 and are now deceased. Mrs. Tapper was born March 15, 1871, in Woodhull 
 and spent the greater part of her childhood in that town, where she was prom- 
 inent socially and in the Lutheran church. Her death occurred on October 21, 
 1907, when she was thirty-six years and seven months of age. To Mr. and Mrs. 
 Tapper two children were bom, namely : Elsie Marie, who is thirteen years of 
 age and who is residing with her father and attending school ; and Ruby Emelia, 
 whose death occurred on the nth of March, 1909. 
 
 In politics Mr. Tapper is a republican and takes an active interest in public 
 aflPairs, having served for the last few years as district clerk of Ontario Town- 
 ship Centennial School District No. 22. He holds stock in the Woodhull and 
 Oneida grain elevators and is also a stockholder in the Woodhull State Bank. His 
 fraternal affiliations are with the Independent Order of Odd Fellows, of Wood- 
 hull and the Modern Woodmen of America, of that place, associations which in- ~ 
 dicate rnuch of the nature of his interests and the rules which govern his life. '; 
 
 WILLIAM ALBERT GEBHART. 
 
 William Albert Gebhart has been engaged in teaming in Galesburg for forty 
 years and during half of that time has conducted a wholesale and retail hay and 
 straw business. He is a native of Knox county, where he was born on a farm 
 in Henderson township, on the 27th of August, 1855. The father, Allen Geb- 
 hart, a son of Kentucky, where he was reared, engaged in agricultural pursuits 
 after concluding his schooling. At Pleasant Hill church, Taylor county, that 
 
 state, on the I2th of February, 1849, he was united in marriage to Miss Eliza 
 
 
 n 1 
 
422 - HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY 
 
 Feather, also a native of the Blue Grass state, in which they continued to reside 
 until 1850, when they came to Illinois, settling on a farm in Henderson town- 
 ship, this county. Mr. Gebhart devoted his energies to the improvement and 
 cultivation of this place until 1869, when with his wife and family he removed to 
 Galesburg. Here he followed the occupations of lathing and plastering during 
 the remainder of his active life, passing away in 1889, at the age of sixty-three 
 years. The mother is still living and is now in her eightieth year, having been 
 born in Taylor county, Kentucky, on February 20, 1832. Mr. Gebhart was a 
 veteran of the Mexican war, in which he fought as a member of one of the first 
 regiments that left Louisville. In politics he was a stanch republican. The 
 family of Mr. and Mrs. Gebhart numbered eight children, as follows : Mary 
 and John, both of whom are deceased; Henry, who was killed in a railroad 
 accident ; William Albert, of this review ; David, who is a resident of McDer- 
 mott, Idaho; Edward, deceased; Lulu, the wife of Henry Hunt, of Kearney, 
 Nebraska ; and Richard, who is a resident of Ogden, Iowa. The paternal 
 grandparents were Thomas and Nellie (Robbins) Gebhart, natives of Virginia 
 and of Campbellsville, Taylor county, Kentucky, respectively. They were among 
 the early settlers of Knox county, passing away in Henderson township at a 
 ripe old age. He was a blacksmith by trade and continued to follow this occupa- 
 tion until age compelled his retirement from regular work. They had three 
 daughters and four sons : Rachel ; Jane ; Sarah ; John ; Allen, the father of Wil- 
 liam Albert Gebhart; Thomas and William. The family is of German extrac- 
 tion, the great-grandfather of William Albert Gebhart having emigrated to the 
 colonies when he was a lad of fourteen years, prior to the Revolution. He grew 
 to manhood in this country and gave his services to the land of his adoption in 
 its struggle for independence. In the maternal line, William Albert Gebhart 
 is descended from old colonial southern families. His grandparents, John and 
 Polly (Harp) Feather, removed from Niles, North Carolina, to Kentucky, locat- 
 ing in Taylor county, where they died at the ages of ninety-four and eighty- 
 three years respectively. They were the parents of ten children, the eldest of 
 whom, Eliza, was the mother of our subject, the others being: Catherine, who 
 died when young; Elvira; Albert; John; Reuben; William; Mary; Louisa; and 
 Rial. . V i 
 
 The education of William Albert Gebhart began in the district school, in the 
 vicinity of his father's farm, until he was ten years of age, and was completed 
 in the public schools of Galesburg. In his sixteenth year he laid aside his text- 
 books and began earning his own living. The first work that offered happened 
 to be teaming, and now for forty years he has continued to be identified with 
 this business. About twenty years ago he began dealing in hay and straw, and 
 as this venture proved to be remunerative he has ever since followed it in con- 
 nection with his teaming business. Mr. Gebhart is a practical man, enterpris- 
 ing and industrious, and has met with good success in his undertakings, owing to 
 his close application, unceasing effort and good judgment. 
 
 On the 4th of March, 1883, he was united in marriage to Miss Mary 
 Feather, a daughter of Albert and Diema (Wilson) Feather, and a native of 
 Kentucky, her birth having occurred in Taylor county, on the 25th of Feb- 
 ruary, 1862. Her parents were also natives of the Blue Grass state, whence 
 they moved to Illinois in 1883, locating in Knox county. They are now residents 
 
i^ HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY V ' 423 
 
 of Galesburg. The following children were born to Mr. and Mrs, Feather: 
 Mary, now Mrs. Gebhart; Ermine; Emmett, who is deceased; Olive; John; 
 and Timothy. The paternal grandparents of Mrs. Gebhart were John and Polly 
 (Harp) Feather, and in the maternal line she is descended from Robert and 
 Nellie (Colvin) Wilson. Mr. and Mrs. Gebhart are the parents of five children: 
 Leroy, who died in infancy ; Charles, who was eleven years of age at the time 
 of his death ; Harry, who graduated from the high school and Knox College 
 and is now studying medicine at the University of Michigan, at Ann Arbor ; 
 Erminie, a graduate of the high school and Brown's Business College, who is 
 now employed as stenographer in the Farmers' and Mechanics' Bank in this 
 city; and Bessie, who died when she was eleven years of age. 
 
 His political franchise Mr. Gebhart exercises in support of the men and 
 measures of the democratic party. Fraternally he is affiliated with the Modem 
 Woodmen of America and both he and Mrs. Gebhart hold membership in the 
 Baptist church, and number among its congregation many close friends. Mr. 
 Gebhart has always led a rather unobtrusive life, but he is a man of tireless 
 energy, clear judgment and foresight and has quietly advanced his interests 
 during the long period of his business career, until he is now numbered among 
 the substantial citizens of the community. .. . , 
 
 . ; ;.::; ;',.;;- > - ;; : . :'/-z ;:;'; JOHN B 
 
 John B. McAuley, a well known civil engineer and contractor of Galesburg, 
 who has twice been city engineer, was bom here, on the i8th of November, 
 1863. His parents are Thomas and Margaret (Mulqueney) McAuley, natives 
 of Ireland, the father's birth having occurred in County Antrim, on the 2d of 
 February, 1832, and that of the mother in County Clare. When a young man 
 Thomas McAuley emigrated to the United States, locating in Galesburg in 
 1854. Here he entered the employ of the Chicago, Burlington & Quincy Rail- 
 road in the capacity of foreman of track construction. He subsequently went to 
 Iowa, settling on a farm in Lee county, to the further development of which 
 he devoted his energies until 1884. In the latter year he disposed of his prop- 
 erty and returned to Galesburg, again entering the service of the "Q." He con- 
 tinued in that employ as assistant foreman of the yards until 1904, when he 
 withdrew from active work and is now living retired at No. 649 South Academy 
 street. The mother is also living. They are both communicants of the Roman 
 Catholic church and belong to the parish of St. Patrick. Ever since granted 
 the right of franchise Mr. McAuley has given his support to the democratic 
 party and although he never aspired to public office, has always taken an active 
 interest in all political affairs. To Mr. and Mrs. McAuley there have been born 
 six children, the eldest of whom is our subject. The others are as follows : 
 Thomas Francis, who is living in Chicago : Mary, the wife of W. G. Mathews ; 
 Margaret, who is at home; Charles H., of Galesburg; and Grace, who is also 
 at home. The parents were married in Galesburg. 
 
 The education of John B. McAuley was obtained in the public school and 
 also a private school conducted by Mr. and Mrs. Hennessey. Upon attaining 
 
424 HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY ' "-1;";: 
 
 his majority in 1884 he entered the employ of the Chicago, Burlington & 
 Quincy Railroad Company. He was first assigned duty on the tracks and in the 
 switch yard, his first promotion being to the civil engineer department, and in 
 October, 1884, he was appointed assistant to F. J. Allen, division engineer, in 
 the capacity of chain and rodman in the engineer department. Subsequently he 
 was placed in charge of the division engineer's office, remaining in this position 
 until March, 1891, when he resigned to assume the responsibilities of city 
 engineer. He was appointed to this office by Mayor Forrest F. Cooke, his term 
 expiring in 1893, and in May of that year he went to Canton, this state, where 
 he was engaged until the following May as city engineer for that city. Upon 
 his return to Galesburg he established an office and took contracts for construc- 
 tion work of various kinds, principally brick pavements, sewers, waterworks 
 and also in both concrete and brick masonry. In 1901 he was again appointed 
 city engineer by Mayor William O. R. Bradley, but upon the expiration of 
 his term of office he once more gave his undivided attention to his private inter- 
 ests. Mr. McAuley has laid, or has had direct charge of construction, as en- 
 gineer, of the greater portion of the pavement in Galesburg and has contracted 
 for and laid all of the better class of pavement such as that to be found on 
 Mary street. Chamber street, E. Losey street, Seminary street and Prairie street. 
 He has also built the brick and steel bridges and the reinforced concrete bridge 
 over Cedar Fork creek. His building operations and concrete work have been 
 of a most important character and indicate his position as a prominent repre- 
 sentative of industrial activity in Galesburg. In 1895 he completed and pub- 
 lished a new map of the city and he also has received at difiPerent times contracts 
 on the city waterworks plant. Mr. McAuley has become quite well known 
 in this portion of the state through his contracts on pavements, sewers, water- 
 works, railroads and bridges, and in addition to the work already mentioned he 
 : paved a number of streets and alleys in Kewanee, Illinois. He is a practical 
 man and does his work thoroughly and efficiently, giving his close personal 
 supervision to every contract assigned him. ;.;. 
 
 On the i/th of November, 1897, Mr. McAuley was married to Miss Eliza- 
 beth Frances Connolly, a daughter of Terence and Ellen Connolly of this city. 
 Mrs. McAuley was born May 28, 1867, and departed this life at her home at 
 No. 649 South Academy street, on the 2d of September, 1901. She was a con- 
 sistent member of St. Patrick's Catholic church to which Mr. McAuley also 
 belongs. To them were born twin sons, John Thomas and Robert Francis, 
 whose birth occurred on the 3d of July, 1900. Mr. McAuley belongs to the 
 Galesburg Club and the Elks Club and has most cordial relations with many of 
 the members of those organizations. In his political views he is a republican 
 and while he has firm faith in the party, he has never sought nor desired office 
 save the one which he held and which was in the strict path of his profession. 
 His support of progressive municipal affairs, however has been a factor in gen- 
 eral progress and improvement. The steps in his orderly progression are easily 
 discemable. Since starting out in life in a humble capacity he has made con- 
 tinuous advancement, wisely utilizing his time, talents and opportunities and 
 correctly judging of life's contacts and experiences. Early in his business career 
 he recognized the fact that there is no royal road to wealth, but that advance- 
 ment and success must depend upon the worth of an individual's work to his 
 
;/,;:;:;:-;:::> HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY };:;/ 425 
 
 - - fellowmen. He has always held to high standards and whether in the execution 
 .'V : ; of public or private contracts has ever given adequate return for value received. 
 '; ; ;5 Moreover he has cultivated skill and efficiency which have won for him a lead- 
 -':'". ing place among the prominent representatives of his profession in this part of 
 < . Illinois. 
 
 '. ''.-^v'V'/ ';-,.;;-'';;..;-,;''' ;.^. WALTER D. BELONG. !; '-^ '; '.f]^:^- ^.v^ie/'^i: -; 
 
 Walter D. DeLong, who has been conducting a transfer and storage business 
 in Galesburg for the past nine years, was born on a farm at Center Point, three 
 and a half miles northeast of this city, on the 29th of July, 1865. His parents 
 were Marshall and Mary (Harding) DeLong, the father a native of Vermont 
 and the mother of the state of New York. Three children were born to them 
 as follows : Walter D., our subject ; Mary, the wife of C. R. Neeley of Sparta 
 township ; and Harriet, who married Addison Hasty, of Seattle, Washington. 
 At the age of ten years, Marshall DeLong accompanied his parents on their 
 removal from Vermont to Illinois, their destination being Knox county. The 
 family arrived late in the fall of 1836 and spent their first winter in old Hender- 
 son, but in the spring they located on a farm in Sparta township. There Mar- 
 shall DeLong completed his education and was reared to manhood. Always 
 having had his energies directed along agricultural lines, when old enough to 
 choose a vocation, naturally he adopted the one in which he felt he was most 
 likely to succeed. He subsequently purchased a farm at Center Point that he 
 operated until 1886, when he was appointed superintendent of the county poor 
 farm. He continued to discharge the duties of this office until his death on the 
 29th of January, 1892, at the age of sixty-six years. The mother survived for 
 five years thereafter, passing away at the same age. Mr. DeLong always took 
 an active interest in all public affairs, and was for many years postmaster at 
 Center Point, and he also efficiently served as justice of the peace and was at 
 one time a member of the board of supervisors. All matters of an agricultural 
 nature interested him and he was one of the enthusiastic members of the county 
 agricultural board for several years, of which he was president. The f>aternal 
 grandparents were Julius and Juliana (Sanford) DeLong, also natives of Ver- 
 mont, who died on the old homestead in Sparta township, at an advanced age. 
 They had one son and two daughters : Marshall, Mary and Harriet. The mater- 
 nal grandparents were also pioneers of Knox county, having located on a farm 
 in the vicinity of Cherry Grove, near Abingdon, in the early days. She passed 
 away in middle life, but the grandfather, James Harding, was ninety-nine at the 
 time of his death. Six children were born to them : the mother of our subject ; 
 Ann ; Roderick, who was a captain in the Civil war ; Lucinda and Nett. 
 
 The boyhood and youth of Walter D. DeLong were passed on his father's 
 farm in Sparta township, where the family had then resided for nearly forty 
 years. In the acquirement of his early education he attended the district school, 
 but he later supplemented this by a business course in one of the commercial col- 
 leges. He subsequently returned to the home place in the operation of which 
 he assisted until his father became superintendent of the poor farm in 1886, when 
 
426 HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY 
 
 he took over the management of the homestead. He continued to operate the 
 entire farm until after the death of his father in 1892, when he inherited one 
 hundred and one and a half acres, that he cultivated together with some land 
 he rented from the other heirs. In 1902, Mr. DeLong disposed of his property 
 and came to Galesburg and emharked in the business he is still conducting. 
 He was first associated with Ralph Belden, but for the past six years he has 
 been in partnership with E. B. Ogden. 
 
 On the 5th of June, 1889. Mr. DeLong was united in marriage with Miss 
 Genevieve Ferris, who passed away on January 12, 1902. She was a daughter 
 , of Mr. and Mrs. Lorenzo D. (Carpenter) Ferris, the former of whom was a 
 native of the state of Ohio. Four children were born to Mr. and Mrs. DeLong, 
 as follows: Earl, Harold, Clarice and Lorenzo. The mother was a most esti- 
 mable Christian woman and held membership in the Congregational church. 
 On the 27th of April, 1904, Mr. DeLong married Mrs. Margaret Wilson, whose 
 maiden name was Riley, the widow of Elliott Wilson, by whom she had four 
 children: William; James, who died at the age of fifteen years; Elliott; and 
 Kenneth. . ;, 
 
 Mr. DeLong is a member of the Congregational church, and he is also affi- 
 liated with the Galesburg Club. He was a member of the executive board of 
 Knox county agricultural association for thirteen years, and its treasurer for 
 one year. His political support he gives to the republican party, but he has never 
 held any office save that of school director while he was residing in Sparta town- 
 ship. He is one of the capable business men of Galesburg, where he has con- 
 ducted his transactions in a highly creditable manner and is in every way regarded 
 as a worthy representative of one of Knox county's estimable pioneer families. 
 
 ; :--'':-^*'--' "' C. W. ROE. >-;.';;.';.'.'*:>;,'-':' 
 
 C. W. Roe successfully operates a finely equipped farm of three hundred 
 and forty-two acres on sections i6 and 17 in Indian Point township, Knox county, 
 nor far distant from his birthplace, section 20 of this township. The date of 
 his birth was March i, 1867. He is the son of T. H. and Lucinda (Stephenson) 
 Roe. His early education C. W. Roe received in the Hunt district schools after 
 which he attended Hedding College and the Dixon Normal school at Dixon, 
 Illinois. When twenty-four years old he left home and began farming for him- 
 self on section i6, where he bought one hundred and seventy acres of land. 
 This remained his home until January of the present year, when he removed 
 to the farm on which he is now residing. The home is handsome and well con- 
 structed and thoroughly modern in all its appointments and the farm buildings 
 also are substantial and equipped with every needed device for efficient farming 
 and stock-raising, since Mr. Roe is extensively engaged in both of these occu- 
 pations. 
 
 Mrs. C. W. Roe, who was formerly Miss Eva May Shaw, was married to 
 Mr. Roe, February 22, 1900. She was born in Cedar township, Knox county, 
 a daughter of Philip and Selecta (Morse) Shaw. Her parents, who are both 
 dead, were among the New England settlers of Knox county, her father having 
 
MR. AND MRS. C. W. ROE 
 
HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY . 
 
 he took over the management of the homestead. He continued to operate the 
 entire farm until after the death of his father in 1892, when he inherited one 
 hundred and one and a half acres, that he cultivated together with some land 
 he rented from the other heirs. In 1902, Mr. DeLong disposed of his property 
 and came to Galesburg and embarked in the business he is still conducting. 
 He was first associated with Ralph P.elden. but for the past six years he has 
 been in partnership with E. \\. Ogden. 
 
 , On the 5th of June. 1889. Mr. DeLong was united in marriage with Miss 
 Genevieve Ferris, who passed away on January 12, 1902. She was a daughter 
 of Mr. and Mrs. Lorenzo D. (Carpenter) Ferris, the former of whom was a 
 native of the state of Ohio. Four children were born to Mr. and Mrs. DeLong. 
 as follows: Earl. Harold. Clarice and Lorenzo. The mother was a most esti- 
 mable Christian woman and held membership in the Congregational church. 
 On the 27th of Ajiril. u;o4. Mr. DeLong married Mrs. Margaret Wilson, whose 
 maiden name was Riley. the widow of Elliott Wilson, by whom she had four 
 children: \\'illiam ; James, who died at the age of fifteen years: Elliott: and 
 Kenneth. | 
 
 Mr. DeLong is a member of the Congregational church, and he is also affi- 
 liated with the Galesburg Club. He was a member of the executive board of 
 Knox county agricultural association for thirteen years, and its treasurer for 
 one year. His political support he gives to the republican party, but he has never 
 held any office save that of school director while he was residing in Sparta town- 
 shij). He is one of the capable business men of Galesburg. where he has con- 
 ducted his transactions in a highly creditable manner and is in every way regarded 
 as a worthy representative of one of Knox county's estimable pioneer families. 
 
 ^'- C. W. ROE. 
 
 C. W. Roe successfully operates a finely ecjuipped farm of three hundred 
 and forty-two acres on sections if) and 17 in Indian Point township. Knox county, 
 nor far distant from his birthplace, section 20 of this township. The date of 
 his birth was March i. 1867. He is the son of T. H. and Lucinda (Stephenson) 
 Roe. His early education C. W. Roe received in the Hunt district schools after 
 which he attended Hedding College and the Dixon Normal school at Dixon. 
 Illinois, \\lien twenty-four years old he left home and began farming for him- 
 .self on section i6. where he bought one hundred and seventy acres of land. 
 This remained his home until January of the present year, when he removed 
 to tlie farm on which he is now residing. The home is handsome and well con- 
 structed and thoroughly modern in all its appointments and the farm buildings 
 also are substantial and e(|ui])ped with every needed device for efficient farming 
 and stock-raising, since Mr. Roe is e.xtensively engaged in both of these occu- 
 |)ations. 
 
 Mrs. C. W. Roe. who was formerly Miss Eva May Shaw, was married to 
 Mr. Roe, February 22. 1900. She was born in Cedar township. Knox county, 
 a daughter of IMiili]) and Selecta (Morse) Shaw. Her parents, who are both 
 dead, were among the \'e\v England settlers of Knox county, her father having 
 
ilR. AXI) MItS. ('. \V. |!(K 
 
.^:; V V c^V HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY 
 
 ' '' '*-''> - "' ' ' . . 
 
 been a native of Maine and her mother a native of Massachusetts. They were 
 married in the east and later settled in Indian Point township, where Mr. Shaw 
 followed agricultural pursuits until his death on March 20, 1905. His wife's 
 death occurred seventeen years earlier, on February 27, 1888. 
 
 To Mr. and Mrs. Roe were born four children, as follows : Lucile V., born 
 December ii, 1901; Mildred S., bom May ii, 1902; Marjorie, born February 
 26, 1905; and Delwyn Truman, bom July 13, 1911. Mr. Roe votes the republi- 
 can ticket but has never been an aspirant for office. He belongs to the Inde- 
 pendent Order of Odd Fellows of Abingdon. > Both Mr. and Mrs. Roe ar loyal 
 supporters of the Congregational church and possess a large circle of friends 
 in Abingdon and the neighboring communities. , .. .. -,<.-.... -. 
 
 .^:,--,.;';;',f;---;:.;:. ;;./;; ANDREW F. MCCORNACK. -{': -- ';-:'.' /'-K- 
 
 While living retired in Galesburg, Andrew F. McComack is still interested 
 in agricultural pursuits as the owner of three hundred and twenty-five acres of 
 valuable land in Knox county, from which he derives a substantial annual income. 
 While an active factor in the world's work he engaged in general farming and 
 his diligence and intelligently directed industry were manifest in the excellent 
 results that attended his labors, bringing him the handsome competence that now 
 enables him to live retired. He was born in Knox county, August 14, 1839, and 
 is, therefore, one of its oldest residents in years of continuous connection with 
 this part of the state. His parents were Samuel and Jeannette (Tait) McCor- 
 nack, who were natives of Scotland and were three months in making the trip 
 from that country to Illinois, spending two months on the sea and the remainder 
 of the time in crossing the country, journeying by canal and by wagon. The 
 father was from Kirkcudbrightshire and it was in the year 1839 that he brought 
 his family to the new world. He was a son of John McComack, who also came 
 to Knox county with his son and passed away here a short time afterward. He 
 made his home with his son Andrew and died at a very advanced age. His wife, 
 Mrs. McComack, has long since passed away. The maternal grandfather of our 
 subject was a lifelong resident of Scotland and following his death, his widow 
 came to the new world, spending her last days in Knox county, her remains 
 being interred in the John Knox cemetery. She had a small family, including 
 Mrs. McQuie, Jeannette and William. In the family of John McComack, the 
 paternal grandfather, were the following children: Samuel, Robert, Andrew, 
 John, William, James, Elizabeth, Mary, Margaret, and Helen. 
 
 After crossing the Atlantic and making the long journey overland to Illi- 
 nois, at a period when there were no railroads in this state, Samuel McComack 
 settled in Persifer township, where he took up the occupation of farming, pur- 
 chasing thirty acres of land. Subsequently he removed to Copley township, 
 establishing his home near Oneida, in 1852, and there he died when seventy-two 
 years of age. His wife survived him for two or three years and was eighty-four 
 years of age at the time of her demise. Both were Presbyterians in religious 
 faith and he became a charter member of the John Knox church, in which he 
 long served as elder, taking an active and helpful part in promoting the church 
 work. He also held various township offices and for many years filled the posi- 
 
430 - HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY ':-;" 
 
 tion of supervisor. In his family were four children, William, Margaret, James 
 L. and Andrew F. 
 
 The last named was reared in Persifer township, amid the wild scenes and 
 environments of pioneer life, for Knox county was then a frontier district, in 
 which comparatively little settlement had been made. He, therefore, became a 
 factor in the early progress and improvement here and until his fifteenth year 
 spent his time upon his father's farm, attending the district schools and also pur- 
 suing his education for a short period in Monmouth College. He then resumed 
 the occupation of farming, which he has followed throughout his entire life and 
 in which he is still engaged although now seventy-two years of age. He con- 
 tinued to assist in the cultivation of the old place until his marriage, when he 
 established his home on one hundred and sixty acres of land in Copley township. . 
 This he improved and cultivated year after year, making his home upon that farm 
 until 1895, when he removed to Galesburg, to occupy the present fine residence 
 which he had erected the previous year. From here he has since supervised his 
 agricultural interests and is now the owner of three hundred and twenty-five 
 acres of rich and valuable land, which returns to him a gratifying annual income.:. 
 
 On the 24th of May, 1876, Andrew F. McCornack was united in marriage 
 to Miss Ella B. Brown, who was born in Greene county, Ohio, November 26, 
 1845, a daughter of Robert and Jean (Carruthers) Brown. Her paternal grand- 
 father was David Brown, who was married in Scotland, November 20, 1812, to 
 Euphemia Fletcher. He was then twenty years of age, having been born in Ber- 
 wickshire, Scotland, October 6, 1792, while his wife was born in Selkirkshire, 
 June I, 1788. Their children were Agnes, Robert, Walter and Magdalene. The 
 maternal grandfather of Mrs. McCornack was John Carruthers, who wedded 
 Mary Bell. They lived in Chillicothe, Ohio, coming there from Scotland with 
 their children, and later were residents of Greene county, Ohio. They died when 
 well advanced in years. Their family included Thomas, Sarah, Jean, William, 
 James, Mary and Robert. '-^; ;:-.X>' >:; ' L >':>^; 
 
 The parents of Mrs. McCornack were natives of Scotland and the father 
 was only four years of age when brought by his parents to the United States, 
 while the mother came in her teens. They were reared in Chillicothe, Ohio, and 
 were married there, and their last days were passed in Greene county, the father .; 
 dying in 1885, when seventy-four years of age, and the mother passing away in 
 1849. They had six children, of whom three reached maturity: John C., who is' 
 now living in Jamestown, Ohio ; Thomas, of Coshocton, Ohio ; and Ella, now 
 Mrs. McCornack. Following the death of the mother the father afterward mar- 
 ried again, his second wife being Margaret McCornack. They had a family of 
 six children, of whom two reached adult age ; Euphemia A., the wife of War- 
 ren Garrett, of Santa Cruz, California; and Andrew M. Brown, of Los y\ngeles. 
 
 To Mr. and Mrs. Andrew F. McCornack have been born two sons: Walter 
 Roy, who is a graduate of the school of Technology in Boston, where he now 
 follows the architect's profession ; and Clyde, who is a civil engineer for the 
 Phoenix Bridge Company of Phoenixville, Pennsylvania. The elder son mar- 
 ried Lillian Amsden, and they have one son, Donald Amsden McCornack. The 
 younger son wedded Mabel Robinson. ,' .- - . '> 
 
 Both Mr. and Mrs. McCornack are members of the Presbyterian church, in 
 which he is serving as an elder. His entire life has been passed in harmony with 
 
' ^ - ' '"... ' ' : .. - 
 
 : A - -i V HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY 431 
 
 his professions, and principles of integrity and honor have shaped his career and 
 made him one of the representative citizens of this county. It would be difficult 
 to find one who has more intimate knowledge of its history, for he has lived to 
 witness the many changes which have been wrought and which have brought the 
 county from a wild condition to its present state of development and prosperity.-: 
 Those who know him and he has a wide acquaintance throughout this section 
 of the state entertain for him the highest regard because his life has been well 
 spent in devotion to duty of both a public and private character. 
 
 :':;;>,:;; x:7\';'y'.y^''';>-:-:'^- GEORGE H. GRAHAM. :; ' ;^ -^-v,.- ^/"v''^; ;-'"/.' - 
 
 George H. Graham, a railway conductor living in Galesburg, was bom at 
 Savannah, Georgia, July i, 1867, and is a son of Elisha J. and Marietta (Enochs) 
 Graham. The father was born in Lexington, Kentucky, and the mother's birth 
 also occurred in the Blue Grass state, the natal year being 1837. Elisha Graham 
 learned the trades of coopering and carpentering in early life and about 1866 
 removed to Savannah, Georgia, becoming owner of a plantation in that locality, 
 which he conducted for three years. On the expiration of that period he removed 
 to Henderson, Kentucky, where he followed the carpenter's trade for a number 
 of years. In 1899 he became a resident of Peoria, Illinois, where he again engaged 
 in carpentering, being thus identified with building operations up to the time of 
 his death, which occurred in March, 1894. His widow still survives him and is 
 now a resident of Chicago. She holds membership in the Southern Methodist 
 Episcopal church, of which Mr. Graham is also a member. His political views 
 accord with the principles of the democratic party. This couple was married 
 in Lexington, Kentucky, and unto them were born six children of whom George 
 H, is the eldest. The others are : Carrie, Lucretia and Minnie, all now deceased ; 
 Jennie, who is living with her mother; and Thomas, who has also passed away/. ' 
 
 George H. Graham was educated in the schools of Evansville, Indiana, and 
 began learning dentistry with Dr. Morris of that place, with whom he continued 
 for a year. Finding the practice of the profession not congenial, he accepted the 
 position on the Peoria, Lincoln & Decatur Railway as a brakeman, serving in 
 that capacity for a year. He then entered the employ of the Chicago, Burling- 
 ton & Quincy Railroad Company as brakeman and after two years was pro- 
 moted to the position of conductor, in which capacity he has since served, now 
 making the run between Galesburg and Quincy. 
 
 On the 23d of March, 1892, Mr. Graham was united in marriage to Miss 
 Delia Briggs, a daughter of Joshua and Mallay (Flowerree) Briggs, of Hanni- 
 bal, Missouri. Mrs. Graham was bom in Center, Missouri, September 27, 1872, 
 was educated in the Louisiana (Mo.) Seminary and died on the 24th of March, 
 1911, leaving a son, Le Roy, who was born at Hannibal, Missouri, August I, : 
 1894, and survived his mother for only seven days, passing away on the 3ist 
 of March, 1911. Mr. Graham belongs to the Brotherhood of Railway Trainmen 
 and to the Order of Railway Conductors. His political allegiance is given to 
 the democratic party and he is a member of the Southern Methodist Episcopal 
 church. Practically all of his business experience has been in the line of rail- 
 
432 HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY 
 
 reading and that he is capable and trustworthy is indicated in the fact that he 
 has long been retained in the service of the company which he now represents. 
 Perhaps no corporate interest demands greater faithfulness and loyalty on the 
 part of its employes than do the railroads, knowing that they must safeguard 
 the interests and lives of their patrons and long continuation in railway service 
 is therefore incontrovertible proof of efficiency and loyalty on the part of an 
 employe. 
 
 ./.-''^'-- " ; FRANK B. MOTT. v;''..->^^>.;^-;v^; V. . 
 
 Frank B. Mott, one of the well known members of the state labor commis- 
 sion, who has been in the employ of the Chicago, Burlington & Quincy Rail- 
 road Company for twenty-eight years, was born in Galva, Henry county, this 
 state, on the 24th of September, i86i. His parents were William Henry and 
 Jane Elizabeth (Hill) Mott, both natives of Dutchess county. New York, the 
 father's birth having occurred at Poughkeepsie, on the I5th of March, 1836, 
 and that of the mother at Lafayette, September i8, 1836. William H. Mott, who 
 was a blacksmath. came west in 1853, locating at Wethersfield, Illinois. He re- 
 mained there for a few months then returned to Dutchess county, where he 
 and Miss Hill were married on the 2Oth of January, 1854. Very soon there- 
 after he and his bride came to Illinois settling at Galva. There he established 
 a shop and followed his trade during the remainder of his active life. When 
 the call came for troops during the early days of the war he enlisted as a member 
 of the band of the Forty-seventh Illinois Volunteer Infantry, remaining at the 
 front until the close of hostilities. After receiving his discharge, he returned 
 to Galva and there resided until his death on April lo, 1904. The mother is 
 still living and now makes her home in Brooklyn, New York, where her three 
 youngest sons reside. The family of Mr. and Mrs. Mott numbered five, as fol- 
 lows : William Irving, who was born on March 24, 1860, and died on the gth of 
 May, 1890; Frank B., our subject ; Oscar H., who was born on the 3d of Decem- 
 ber, 1863; Walter H., whose birth occurred on June 6, 1867; and Valentine E., 
 whose natal day was the I7th of June, 1871. In matters of religious faith the 
 father was a Baptist and the mother a Congregationalist, while fraternally he 
 was affiliated with the Grand Army of the Republic and the Masonic order. 
 He was a stanch republican in his political views, and one time served as deputy 
 sheriff of Henry county. In the paternal line the Motts trace their family 
 back to the early colonial days. William Henry Mott was a son of Henry, who 
 was born in Dutchess county. New York, on February 8, 1812, and married Mar- 
 garet Denton. His father was William Mott, whose natal day was the 4th of 
 December, 1787, and he in turn was descended from William Mott, who was 
 born July 4, 1753, and married Letitia Lasee. whose birth occurred on the 25th 
 of May, 1755. 
 
 It was in the public schools of Galva, this state, that Frank B. Mott re- 
 ceived his education, his student days being terminated at the age of thirteen 
 years. He began to work out as a farm hand, but later gave up this vocation and 
 went to work in a drug store, in Galva, where he learned the trade. On the I7th 
 
FRANK B. MOTT 
 
432 HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY ' 
 
 roading and that he is capable and trustworthy is indicated in the fact that he 
 has long been retained in the service of the company which he now represents. 
 Perhaps no corporate interest demands greater faithfulness and loyalty on the 
 part of its employes than do the railroads, knowing that they must safeguard 
 the interests and lives of their patrons and long continuation in railway service 
 is therefore incontrovertible proof of efficiency and loyalty on the part of an 
 employe. 
 
 FRANK B. MOTT. : 
 
 Frank B. Mott, one of the well known members of the state labor commis- 
 sion, who has been in the emjiloy of the Chicago, Burlington & Quincy Rail- 
 road Company for twenty-eight years, was born in Galva, Henry county, this 
 state, on the 24th of September. i86i. His parents were William Henry and 
 Jane Elizabeth (Hill) Mott, both natives of Dutchess county. New York, the 
 father's birth having occurred at Poughkeepsie, on the I5th of March, 1836, 
 and that of the mother at Lafayette, September i8, 1836. William H. Mott, who 
 was a blacksniith. came west in 1853. locating at Wethersfield. Illinois. He re- 
 mained there for a few montlis then returned to Dutchess county, where he 
 and Miss Hill were married on the 2Oth of January. 1854. Very soon there- 
 after he and his bride came to Illinois settling at Galva. There he established 
 a shop and followed his trade during the remainder of his active life. When 
 the call came for troops during the early days of the war he enlisted as a member 
 of the band of the Forty-seventh Illinois \'olunteer Infantry, remaining at the 
 front until the close of hostilities. After receiving his discharge, he returned 
 to Galva and there resided until his death on April lo, 1904. The mother is 
 still living and now makes her home in Brooklyn, New York, where her three 
 youngest sons reside. The family of Mr. and Mrs. Mott numbered five, as fol- 
 lows : William Irving, who was born on March 24, 1860. and died on the Qth of 
 May. 1890; Frank B., our subject: Oscar H., who was born on the 3d of Decem- 
 ber. 1863; Walter H., whose birth occurred on June 6. 1867; and \^alentine E., 
 whose natal day was the lyth of June. 1871. In matters of religious faith the 
 father was a P.aptist and the mother a Congregationalist. while fraternally he 
 was affiliated with the Grand Army of the Republic and the Masonic order, 
 lie was a stanch republican in his political views, and one time served as deputy 
 sheriff of Henry county. In the paternal line the Motts trace their family 
 back to the early colonial days. William Henry Mott was a son of Henry, who 
 was born in Dutchess county, Xew York, on February 8, 1812. and married Mar- 
 garet Denton. His father was William Mott, whose natal day was the 4th of 
 December, 1787, and he in turn was descended from William Mott, who was 
 bom July 4, 1753. and married Letitia Lasee, whose birth occurred on the 25th 
 of May, 1755. 
 
 It was in the public schools of Galva. this state, that l-'rank 15. Mott re- 
 ceived his education, his student days being terminated at the age of thirteen 
 vears. He began to work out as a farm hand, but later gave up this vocation and 
 went to work in a drug store, in Galva, where he learned the trade. On the I7th 
 
I!. MdTT . 
 
;<;.:. v;;'-. ^ ;; HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY yy^ 485 
 
 of January, 1883, he came to Galesburg and obtained employment as a freight 
 brakeman on the Chicago, Burlington & Quincy Railroad. He discharged the 
 duties of this position until 1887 when he was promoted to that of conductor, 
 and he is now, and has been for some time, running to Mendota. 
 
 On the 28th of November, 1888, Mr. Mott was married to Miss Dora Mor- 
 gan, a daughter of Joseph and Harriet (Dunn) Morgan, of Gladstone, Illinois. 
 The parents are both natives of Kentucky, the father's birth having occurred in 
 Bracken county, that state, in the vicinity of Louisville. Mr. and Mrs. Mott 
 have one daughter, Vera M., who was bom at Gladstone, Illinois, October 8, 
 1889. .; 
 
 Fraternally, Mr. Mott is affiliated with the Brotherhood of Rail Trainmen, 
 being a charter member of Galesburg E)ivision, No. 24, in which he has held all 
 of the offices. He also belongs to the Benevolent Protective Order of Elks, 
 Galesburg Lodge, No. 894, and the Modem Woodmen of America, Galesburg 
 Camp No. 667 ; and Mrs. Mott is a member of the Advent church. His political 
 support is given to the republicans, and he is a member of the board of super- 
 visors. All matters affecting the welfare of the working classes eng^e the in- 
 terest of Mr. Mott, who is a member of the Illinois State Labor Commission, 
 and as such devotes much time and attention to those vital questions pertaining 
 to the conditions that surround the laborer and involve society generally. 
 
 ; / .- AARON GORDON HUMPHREY, M. D. - :A;:,. ^ 
 
 In the long years of his residence in Galesburg Dr. Aaron G. Humphrey has '.- 
 engaged in the practice of medicine and has also become well known in connec- 
 tion with his activities along horticultural lines. He resides at No. 325 Division 
 street, in the midst of a twenty-acre fruit farm, on which he has made his home 
 since 1890. He was bom in Lancaster county, Ohio, about fourteen miles north 
 of Columbus, July 19, 1832. His parents, Aaron Gordon and Betsey (Starr) 
 Humphrey, were natives of Connecticut and the former when a lad of about 
 six years accompanied his parents on their removal from the Charter Oak state 
 to Ohio and grew to manhood in the vicinity of Columbus. There he was mar- 
 ried and engaged in farming. He also became a local minister of the Methodist 
 church and during the greater part of his life divided his time between agricul- 
 tural pursuits and the preaching of the gospel. In 1840 he removed westward 
 to Iowa, settling in Cedar county upon a farm two miles south of Tipton. That 
 district was then comparatively new and unsettled and, while taking an active 
 part in its agricultural development, he also contributed to its moral progress 
 through his teachings as a minister of the Methodist church. Later, however, 
 careful study led him to embrace the doctrines of the Universalist church and 
 he was ordained as a minister of that faith in Iowa City, Iowa, preaching his 
 own ordination sermon. He became well known as a representative of that 
 denomination in eastern Iowa, preaching the gospel as he interpreted it to the 
 time of his death, which occurred when he was seventy-seven years of age. His 
 wife passed away when about sixty-five years of age. Politically he was a 
 radical whig and several times served as chairman of the conventions of his 
 

 :-J--:f-^:\\ ' " HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY /;-,;;. ;:^^;;'' 
 
 party. He also delivered many public addresses in support of the principles 
 which he advocated and was a recognized party leader in his adopted state. Unto 
 him and his wife were born ten children, four sons and six daughters, Lurinda, 
 Philo D., Chester C., Aaron G., Lucinda, John W., Sophronia, Laura, Emily 
 . and Eliza. 
 
 :'.. ' Of this family Dr. Humphrey, the fourth in order of birth, was a young 
 lad when he accompanied his parents on their removal to ,Iowa, where he 
 continued his education as a pupil in the Congregationalist school at Davenport 
 and afterward in the Baptist Seminary of Mount Carroll, Illinois. He also 
 engaged in teaching for about three terms in Iowa. With his first wife he 
 went to New York city, where both studied medicine and surgery in the Hygio- 
 therapeutic College, from which both were graduated. They afterward opened 
 a health institution at Lancaster, Ohio, where they practiced for several years, 
 and then came to Galesburg, opening a similar institution in this city in the north- 
 ern part of the town. About fifty years ago Dr. Humphrey removed to the 
 Lombard fruit farm in the southeastern part of Galesburg and in connection 
 with the conduct of his health institute also engaged extensively in horticultural 
 pursuits, conducting his fruit farm until 1890, when he removed to his present 
 residence a comfortable, two-story frame dwelling, standing in the midst of a 
 twenty-acre tract of land devoted to the raising of vegetables and fruits. Here 
 he conducted his health institute for about ten years but since that time has prac- 
 tically lived retired, giving his attention only to the raising of fine fruits and 
 fine poultry, which work he carries on through the aid of an assistant. He has. 
 ever been a close student of the scientific methods of fruit-raising and is a life 
 member of the State Horticultural Society. His broad reading and study and 
 his practical experience have made his opinions largely an authority upon the 
 production of various kinds of fruit in this section. In the course of years he 
 accumulated an extensive library on horticulture, which he has now given to two 
 colleges. 
 
 More than a half century ago Dr. Humphrey lost his first wife, who bore 
 the maiden name of Sarah R. Randall and was a daughter of Richard Randall. 
 On the i6th of February, 1868, he married Lovina Swartzendruver, a daughter 
 of Christian and Catharine (Berges) Swartzendruver. Mrs. Humphrey was 
 bom in Wayne county, Ohio, October ii, 1844. Her maiden name indicates 
 her German ancestry. Her paternal grandparents were Vincent and Mary 
 (Brennemann) Swartzendruver, who spent their entire lives in Germany. Her 
 maternal grandparents were Christian and Christina (Gingerich) Berges. The 
 parents of Mrs. Humphrey were natives of Waldeck, Germany, and in early 
 life came to the new world. In i86i they removed to Davis county, Iowa, where 
 her father died at the age of eighty-three years, while her mother reached the 
 advanced age of eighty-eight. They were the parents of ten children, all of 
 whom lived to adult age, namely, Susan, John, Elizabeth, Fanny, Mary, Daniel, 
 Solomon, Rebecca, Christian and Lovina. As previously stated, the last named 
 became the wife of Dr. Humphrey in 1868 and they have one son, Albert S., 
 who is teaching the art of expression and public speaking in the Westport high 
 school of Kansas City, Missouri. He is a graduate of the Columbia School of 
 Oratory, now the Columbia College of Expression of Chicago, and for seven 
 years was at the head of the department of expression in Knox College at Gales- 
 
>;v:;>V^';; / /^^ HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY , - 437 
 
 :'':.''' , ,'",':' --i^^ '' " ' . ' '. . '' . - ; 
 
 burg. Dr. and Mrs. Humphrey attend the Universalist church and for many 
 years he has been affiliated with the Odd Fellows society and is a past grand of 
 Galesburg lodge. His political allegiance has been given the republican party 
 since its organization and in former years he was somewhat active politically, 
 serving as alderman of the city, also as a member of the board of health for a 
 number of years and as city physician for some time. In past years he has been 
 a frequent contributor to the press, writing numerous articles for medical jour- 
 nals, free-thought magazines and agricultural papers, as well as for the local 
 press. His articles have always shown originality, careful investigation of the 
 subject discussed, and a breadth of vision that has awakened the interest and 
 attention of many readers. 
 
 ',;.";:;',:/;--;, ^.^^\^ CHARLES M. HAWKINSON. \. '^ : . '^-^ r ---t:':;^'-.'^'?'-^ 
 
 Charles M. Hawkinson, who has been a resident of Galesburg for twenty- 
 one years during which time he has been identified with the building interests, 
 first in the capacity of a carpenter, later as a contractor and now as the owner 
 and operator of a planing mill, was born in Kronoberg (laen), Sweden, on the 
 24th of April, 1872. He is a son of Hoken and Bertha (Anderson) Nelson, 
 also natives of Sweden, whence they emigrated to the United States in 1887. 
 Upon his arrival in this country Hoken Nelson, who is also a carpenter, came 
 directly to Galesburg, and very soon' thereafter obtained work in the lumber 
 yard of the Chicago, Burlington & Quincy Railroad Company. He continued 
 in their employ for twenty years, but is now living retired in Galesburg. The 
 mother passed away in March, 1911, at the age of seventy-one years. She was 
 an earnest member of the Swedish Lutheran church, with which the father 
 is also affiliated. Six children were born to Mr. and Mrs. Nelson, three of whom 
 are still living as follows : Charles M., John A. and Jennie. The paternal 
 grandparents were Mr. and Mrs. Nels Tjell, both of whom passed their entire 
 lives in Sweden, his death occurring at the age of eighty-three years and hers 
 at eighty-two. Five children were bom to them, among them : Hoken, the father 
 of our subject ; Carl and Jans. 
 
 Having remained a resident of his native land until he had attained the age 
 of eighteen years, Charles M. Hawkinson obtained his education in the com- 
 mon schools, which he attended until he was fifteen. He then laid aside his 
 text-books and began his apprenticeship as a carpenter, continuing to serve at 
 this trade until he took passage for America in 1890. Upon his arrival in this 
 country he came directly to Galesburg to join his parents and here he has ever 
 since resided. When he first came here he obtained employment at his trade 
 and for some years thereafter worked under the supervision and direction of 
 others. He is a skilled mechanic, however, efficient and capable and as he 
 applied himself painstakingly and conscientiously to any task assigned him, soon 
 established a reputation for trustworthiness and reliability as well as good work- 
 manship, that is a most valuable asset to any craftsman. Thus he was subse- 
 quently able to begin working independently and for six years successfully 
 engaged in contracting. In 1910 he decided to extend his activities along another 
 
438 ' HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY ; i ' n'^" 
 
 .' , , ' - ' :'' ' 
 
 line and established a planing mill that he has now been operating for more than 
 a year. Although he has been identified with this industry for but a brief period, 
 it has been of sufficient length for him to make some estimate of the probable 
 development of the undertaking, and judging by present indications he has every 
 reason for feeling most encouraged and Hopeful regarding the future of his 
 business. Mr. Hawkinson has the advantage of knowing the local conditions 
 from first hand, and he also enjoys a wide and favorable acquaintance among 
 workmen, which has been of inestimable assistance to him in the upbuilding 
 of his factory. At the present time it requires the services of from two to five 
 employes to fill the orders and his trade is constantly increasing in a most gratify- 
 ing manner. 
 
 On the 24th of September, 1902, was celebrated the marriage of Mr. Hawk- 
 inson and Miss Ellen M. Nelson, who was also born in Sweden, a daughter of 
 Mr. and Mrs. Nels Erickson. At the age of twelve years Mrs. Hawkinson emi- 
 grated to the United States, locating in Galesburg, where she was joined four 
 years later by her parents and the other members of the family. Mr. and Mrs. 
 Erickson, who are still residents of this city, are the parents of six children, as fol- 
 lows : Amanda, who is deceased ; Sophie ; Carl Oscar ; Hannah ; Swan ; and 
 Ellen M., now Mrs. Hawkinson. Two daughters and one son have been born 
 to Mr. and Mrs. Hawkinson: Alice Sophie, Carl Wilfred and Marion Irene. '- 
 
 In matters of faith both Mr. and Mrs. Hawkinson are Lutherans and hold 
 membership in the Swedish church of this city, and in politics he is a Republican. 
 He has never sought official honors, preferring to concentrate his energies upon 
 the development of his own undertakings, in which he is meeting with a goodly 
 measure of success. Mr. Hawkinson possesses the perseverance and determina- 
 tion and also the capability to attain prosperity and is so intelligently directing 
 his present industry that it gives every assurance of becoming one of the well 
 established and flourishing enterprises of the city. 
 
 DAVID WILLARD BRADSHAW. 
 
 On the long list of Galesburg's honored dead appear the names of a number 
 who rendered valiant service to their country in the darkest hour of its history, 
 men who faced the enemy's fire under conditions which tried the stoutest hearts. 
 Among this number was David Willard Bradshaw, and through his valor and 
 loyalty he rose from the ranks to become captain of his company. He after- 
 ward lived for many years in Galesburg, where he was known as a worthy and 
 respected citizen. He was bom in Montgomery county, Kentucky, December 
 26, 1836. His education was acquired in the schools of his native state and 
 when seventeen years of age he became a resident of Earmington, Illinois, where 
 he learned the carriage-maker's trade. In 1855 he removed to Abingdon, Knox 
 county, settling upon a farm, and to the cultivation of the fields he devoted his 
 energies until after the outbreak of the Civil war, when his patriotic spirit was 
 aroused and on the loth of August, i86i, he enlisted, joining the boys in blue 
 of Company D, Seventh Illinois Cavalry. He left Knoxville on the 2d of Sep- 
 tember for Camp Butler and was soon promoted to the rank of first sergeant 
 
y : V^-Jx ^"-, ' ; ; HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY ' 439 
 
 and in the spring of 1862 became a lieutenant of his company. Further promo- 
 tion followed and in the spring of 1863 he was chosen captain, with which rank 
 he served until honorably discharged on the I7th of November, 1865. His own 
 bravery and loyalty inspired and encouraged men who served under him and 
 made his military record a most creditable and worthy one. 
 
 When the war was over, Mr. Bradshaw returned to Knox county and his 
 fellow townsmen, appreciative of his worth and ability, and feeling that a loyal 
 soldier would also make a loyal officer in private life, elected him sheriff in 1866. 
 He removed to Knoxville, where he resided until his term of office expired and 
 then came to Galesburg, where he engaged in the livery business. In this con- 
 nection he secured a liberal patronage, because of his earnest effort to please 
 his customers and his straightforward dealing. The years brought him suc- 
 cess as the reward of his industry and close application to business and with a 
 comfortable competence he retired, spending his remaining days in the enjoyment 
 of well earned rest. 
 
 On the 29th of May, 1868, Mr. Bradshaw was united in marriage to Miss 
 Ella Cooley, a daughter of Zelotes and Julia Ann (Hanks) Cooley of Knox- 
 ville, Illinois. Her father was born in East Windsor, Connecticut, November 
 lo, 1808, and was a son of Aaron and Chloe (Bidwell) Cooley, of whose four 
 children he was the eldest. In i8i6 the family removed to Glastonbury, Con- 
 necticut, and Zelotes afterward learned the carpenter's trade in Hartford that 
 state. Later he engaged in carpentering in Westfield, Massachusetts, but event- 
 ually abandoned industrial pursuits to enter commercial circles and established 
 a grocery store in Poughkeepsie, New York. There he resided until September, 
 1837, when he left the east and came to the middle west, settling in Carthage, 
 Illinois, where he formed a partnership with Alva Wheeler and again took up 
 carpentering and contracting. They built the courthouse at Carthage, Illinois, 
 and in 1839 came to Knoxville, erecting the courthouse of Knox county. Mr. 
 Cooley continued in the contracting business until 1846, when, by the board of 
 county commissioners, he was appointed treasurer of the county, which office 
 he filled until the following year, when he was elected county clerk thus serving 
 until December, 1852, He retired from office as he had entered it, with the con- 
 fidence and good-will of all concerned. In the meantime he had taken up the 
 study of law, which profession he practiced until his death. He became a resident 
 of Galesburg in 1890 and needed no introduction to the people of this city 
 because of his long previous residence in the adjoining village of Knoxville. In 
 his political views he was a democrat, somewhat active in the work of the party, 
 and in its councils his opinions carried weight. After seven years of residence 
 in Galesburg, he passed away in 1897, having for a long period survived his 
 wife, who died in 1868. They had been married, in December, 1833, and their 
 family included Mrs. Bradshaw, who was born in Knoxville, March 14, 1844. 
 Her education was acquired in St. Mary's Academy of that place and in 1868 
 she gave her hand in marriage to David W. Bradshaw. To them were born 
 four children: Nellie, who was born in Galesburg and is now deceased; Cooley 
 R., living in this city ; Vera Margaret, who is now the wife of Presson Waverly 
 Thomson, of Los Angeles, California; and Fred, deceased. 
 
 Mr. Bradshaw always maintained pleasant relations with his old army com- 
 rades through his membership in the Grand Army post. He belonged also to 
 
440 HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY v'- -f ;v 
 
 the Masonic fraternity, which found in him an exemplary representative, loyal 
 to its teachings, concerning mutual helpfulness and brotherly kindness. In his 
 political views he was a republican but cared nothing for the honors or emolu- 
 ments of office. He was always loyal in matters of citizenship, manifesting the 
 same faithfulness to his country that he displayed when he followed the old 
 flag on southern battlefields. He died February 12, 1893, when in the fifty- 
 seventh year of his life, and the community lost a worthy and representative 
 citizen, who throughout the long period of his residence here had enjoyed the 
 friendship and high regard of those with whom he had been associated. 
 
 ; W. H. MONTGOMERY. V^:^ ':-.:. 
 
 .. W. H. Montgomery, who is engaged in the operation of a fine farm of eighty 
 acres on section 13, Persifer township, has the distinction of having served 
 for thirty years as a school director in his district. He was born in Knox 
 township, this county, on the I3th of December, 1849, ^^^ is a son of Zadok 
 and Sarah (Church) Montgomery. His father, who was left an orphan in his 
 early boyhood, was a native of Indiana, whence he came in 1837, at the age of 
 twelve years, to Knox county with his brother. Here he completed his educa- 
 tion in one of the subscription schools, subsequently turning his attention to 
 agricultural pursuits. Immediately after his marriage he located on eighty acres 
 of land in Knox township, that he had previously purchased, and 'there he en- 
 gaged in general farming and stock-raising. He met with excellent success 
 in both undertakings and ultimately became the owner of four fine farms in 
 Iowa. In his political views Mr. Montgomery was originally a republican, 
 but in his later years he preferred the jxjlicy of the populist party. He passed 
 away at the age of seventy-five years and was laid to rest in Van Gilder ceme- 
 tery in Knox township. The mother was a native of West Virginia and a 
 daughter of Cyrus and Margaret Church, who were also bom in West Vir- 
 ginia. They came to Knox county during the pioneer days and located on a 
 farm in Knox township, where they spent their last days. Mrs. Montgomery 
 was sixty-six at the time of her death and she is buried in the family lot in 
 Van Gilder cemetery. She was an active member of the Methodist Episcopal 
 church, with which she had long been affiliated. Her grandfather in the mater- 
 nal line, John Williams, was a veteran of the Revolution, while her grandfather. 
 Church, participated in the war of 1812. Of the marriage of Mr. and Mrs. 
 Zadock Montgomery there were born three sons and seven daughters, nine 
 of whom are now living. In order of birth they are as follows: Margaret, 
 the wife of James Coburn of Iowa ; W. H., our subject ; David and John, twins, 
 the former a resident of East Galesburg, and the latter formerly of Gales- 
 burg, now deceased; Martha, now Mrs. Moser, of Dahinda; Sabina, the wife 
 of Henry Wyman, of Oneida, Illinois ; Mary, who married Walter Beaver, 
 ^of Kansas; Jennie, the wife of George Gilbert, of Oklahoma; Clara, who mar- 
 ried Allen Ramble, of the state of Washington; and Letta, now Mrs. Daniel 
 Doan, of Iowa. 
 
MR. AND MRS. W. H. MOXTCDMEKY 
 
440 HISTORY OF KXOX COUNTY 
 
 the Masonic fraternity, which found in him an exemplary representative, loyal 
 to its teachings, concerning mutual helpfulness and brotherly kindness. In his 
 political views he was a republican but cared nothing for the honors or emolu- 
 ments of office. He was always loyal in matters of citizenship, manifesting the 
 same faithfulness to his country that he displayed when he followed the old 
 flag on southern battlefields. He died February 12, 1893, when in the fifty- 
 seventh year of his life, and the community lost a worthy and re])resentative 
 citizen, who throughout the long period of his residence here had enjoyed the 
 friendship and high regard of those with whom he had been associated. 
 
 \ . \V. H. MOXTGOMFRY. -;. . 
 
 \V. H. Montgomer}'. who is engaged in the operation of a fine farm of eighty 
 acres on section 13, Persifer township, has the distinction of having served 
 for thirty years as a school director in his district. He was born in Knox 
 township, tliis county, on the I3th of December, 18^9, and is a son of Zadok 
 and Sarah (Church) Montgomery. His father, who was left an orphan in his 
 early boyhood, was a native of Indiana, whence he came in 1837. at the age of 
 twelve years, to Knox county with his brother. Here he completed his educa- 
 tion in one of the subscription schools. subse(|uently turning his attention to 
 agricultural pursuits. Immediately after his marriage he located on eighty acres 
 of land in Kmxx townsbi]). that he had previously purchased, and there he en- 
 gaged in general farming and stock-raising. He met with e.xcellent success 
 in both undertakings and ultimately became the owner of four fine farms in 
 Iowa. In his political views Mr. ^^ontgomery was originally a republican. 
 but in his later years be preferred the policy of the populist party. He passed 
 away at the age of seventy-live years and was laid to rest in \'an Cilder ceme- 
 tery in Knox township. 'I'he mother was a native of \\'est X'irginia and a 
 daughter of Cyrus and Margaret Church, who were also born in West \ ir- 
 ginia. They came to Knox county during the pioneer days and located on a 
 farm in Knox tDwnship. where they spent their last days. .Mrs. Montgomery 
 was sixty-six at the time <if her death and she is buried in the family lot in 
 \'an Gilder cemetery. She was an active member of the Metbodist I-ljjiscopal 
 church, with which she had long been affiliated. Her grandfather in the mater- 
 nal line, John \\'illiams, was a veteran of the Revolution, while her grandfather, 
 Church, particii)ated in the war of 1812. Of the marriage of Mr. and Mrs. 
 Zadock Montgomery there were born three sons and seven daugliters, nine 
 of whom are now living. In order of birth they are as follows: Margaret, 
 the wife of James Coburn of Iowa; \V. H., our subject: David and Jdlin, twins, 
 the former a resident of East Galesbiirg, and the latter formerly of Gales- 
 burg, now deceased: Martha, now Mrs. Moser, of Dahinda : Sabina, the wife 
 of Henry \\'vman, of Oneida, Illinois: Mary, who married \\'alter Beaver, 
 of Kansas: Jennie, the wife of George Gilbert, of Oklahoma: Clara, who mar- 
 ried Allen Ramble, of the state of \\'ashington : and Letta, now Mrs. Daniel 
 Doan, of Iowa. 
 
Ml!. AM) Ml!^. \\. 
 
HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY 
 
 44t 
 
 As he was the eldest boy in a large family, where the income was limited. 
 
 \ W. H. Montgomery's schooling was confined to a few terms in the districts of 
 Knox and Persifer townships, his text-books early being laid aside in order that 
 he might assist in the support of the other children. Agricultural pursuits 
 
 . have always engaged his attention, and soon after his marriage he settled in 
 Bureau county, Illinois, but later removed to Persifer township, where he has 
 now resided for many years. He purchased the farm he now owns from his 
 brother, David L. Montgomery. He has made extensive improvements in the 
 place during the period of his ownership, having erected all of the buildings 
 now standing, in addition to which he has effected many minor changes. His 
 
 * fields have always been devoted to the raising of such cereals as were best 
 adapted to the soil and climate in connection with which he also raises stock. 
 
 vy For his wife Mr. Montgomery chose Miss Dora E. Dawson, who was born 
 
 X in this township and is a daughter of James and Margaret Dawson, both of 
 
 : whom are now deceased. Of this marriage there have been born two children: 
 
 Stella May, who died at the age of three months ; and James Isaac, who was 
 
 nine years at the time of his death. 
 
 In all national elections Mr. Montgomery votes the straight democratic ticket 
 but locally he gives his support to the man he deems best qualified to meet 
 the reqi'irements of the office, regardless of party affiliation. He has always 
 taken an active and helpful interest, in governmental affairs in his township, 
 and is now serving his second term as supervisor, having been elected on the 
 v people's ticket. He has also served for four years as justice of the peace, was 
 the township assessor for two terms, road commissioner for one and served 
 on the school-board, the cause of education ever having found in him an ardent 
 supporter.-: -_ ':''...:-;:'..'/:: :^'.'', :'^.'-^^--. -. >-':' ;:;l-;--..'.r / '' -V'.'.--'.-:. 
 
 :, ; : \ WILLIAM BURDETTE , MOORE. > ''^^^v^ ^ ;i: 
 
 William Burdette Moore is classed with the enterprising business men of 
 Altona where he is engaged in dealing in harness and saddlery. He was bom 
 in the town, December lo, 1867, and comes of English ancestry. His father, 
 William Moore, was born in England, July 4, 1833, and was only a child when 
 he came with his parents to America, the family locating in VVilkes-Barre, Penn- 
 sylvania, where the grandfather and his wife spent their entire lives. Their son, 
 William Moore, took up the trade of harness making and when a young man 
 came to Altona, arriving in this county in 1857. He then abandoned his trade 
 and engaged in farming for several years but afterward returned to the harness- 
 making business. On the 25th of May, i86i, only a few weeks after the out- 
 break of the Civil war, he enlisted for service as a private, joining Company D, 
 Seventeenth Illinois Infantry, at Altona for a period of three years. Later he 
 reenlisted as principal musician of the One Hundred and Forty-eighth Regiment, 
 on the 28th of January, 1865. He had been ruptured during the period of his 
 first enlistment so that at his second enrollment in the service he was assigned to 
 less arduous duty as drum major. Following the war he returned home and en- 
 gaged in the harness business in Altona up to the time of his death, which oc- > 
 
 ToL n 20 V 
 
444 ^ HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY --" ' 
 
 curred May 13, 1907. He was a prominent Mason and was a citizen whose 
 military service was indicative of the loyalty which he always displayed to his 
 adopted country and her welfare. He married Mrs. John Bemis, who is now 
 living at the age of seventy-nine years. She was married twice, her first hus- . 
 band having been John Bemis, who died, leaving one son, J. L. Bemis, who is 
 now in the mail service and resides in Galesburg. Unto Mrs. Moore's second 
 marriage there were born three children : William Burdette ; Abbie, the wife of 
 C. E. Linney; and Daisy, the wife of W. Alexander, master mechanic with the 
 Chicago, Milwaukee & St. Paul Railroad Company, at Milwaukee, Wisconsin. 
 
 After acquiring a public-school education William B. Moore assisted his .: 
 father in the harness business until 1888, when he left Illinois for Concordia, ' 
 Kansas, where he engaged in clerking in a dry-goods store for two years. He 
 afterward spent four years in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, devoting two years of that 
 time to service as bill clerk for the North Western Railway Company. He af- 
 terward became fireman on the Chicago, Milwaukee & St. Paul Railroad and 
 later returned to Altona and joined his father as a partner in the harness-making 
 business. This association was maintained until 1900, when Mr. Moore pur- 
 chased his father's interest, the latter retiring at that time. William B. Moore 
 still continues his harness and saddlery establishment and enjoys a good trade. 
 He has worked up a satisfactory business as the owner of an extensive apiary ^ 
 and is one of the prominent representatives of bee culture in this part of the , 
 state. That he is regarded as authority upon the subject and is prominent in this 
 field of activity is indicated by the fact that he is now first vice president of the 
 Illinois State Bee Keepers Association. 
 
 Mr. Moore was united in marriage to Miss Mary O. Bigger, who was born 
 August 17, 1870, in southern Illinois, a daughter of Robert and Angeline (Cut- -; 
 right) Bigger. Her father is a Civil war veteran and is now at the Soldiers' 
 Home, in Quincy, Illinois. Unto Mr. and Mrs. Moore have been born five chil- .. 
 dren, Donald Chase, Faith Angeline, Harriet Inez, Hazel Mary and Abbie Bell. 
 
 Mr. Moore is a member of the Methodist church, in the work of which he 
 is actively interested, serving at the present time as one of the church trustees. 
 He also belongs to the Masonic lodge and the Maccabees at Altona and is a 
 prominent and influential worker in the ranks of the republican party. Since 
 1904 he has served as village clerk and his worth, fidelity and capability in office , 
 was indicated by the fact that he has served in this position for seven years. 
 He has a wide acquaintance in this part of the county and is accounted one of 
 the leading and representative citizens because of his business activity and prog- 
 ress and his devotion to the political and religious principles in which he believes. 
 
 j- .;, ; HEBER GILLIS. .'!-:;-: 
 
 Heber Gillis, who for more than half a century has been a resident of Knox 
 county, is now living retired on his farm, which is situated in Rio township. He 
 was born in Argyle, Washington county. New York, September 8, 1837, his par- 
 ents being Dr. George and Mary (Shepard) Gillis, the father a native of Argyle,- . 
 born November 6, 1798, and the mother of Clinton county, born in September, , 
 
' : ' V; :: V HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY - ;;;. 446 
 
 1809. The family originally came irom Scotland, the grandfather, Alexander 
 Gillis, being a native of that country, who was allotted by the British govern- 
 ment a tract of land in New York, where he settled in a community of people 
 of his own religious faith. Dr. Gillis was reared in his native state and received 
 his professional education in the New York City Medical College, after which 
 he practiced in his native state until 1858. In that year he removed to Illinois, 
 settling near the village of Rio, in Rio township, where he intended to live re- 
 tired. but his calls were so numerous that he continued in practice until his deach, 
 which occurred March i, 1871. He had thus been in active practice over forty- 
 five years. The mother, Mary (Shepard) Gillis, belonged to a family that orig- 
 mally came from Connecticut. Her father, who was a merchant, was killed in 
 the war of 1812. After his death she and her mother resided with an uncle, 
 who was a prominent lawyer in his time. He was also an extensive slave owner 
 but later became an' abolitionist. His son was the founder of Oberlin Collie 
 at Oberlin, Ohio. 
 
 Heber Gillis, who was reared in his native state, began his education in an 
 academy there, later attended Union College and subsequently began fanning. 
 In 1856 he came to Knox county, where he purchased his present farm of one 
 hundred and sixty acres and has resided on the same ever since. He engaged in 
 general farming and also raised quite extensively thoroughbred Shorthorn cattle 
 and Poland China hogs. He has been very successful in his farming interests 
 and is now living retired. 
 
 In October, 1872, Mr. Gillis was married to Miss Medora Milton, who was 
 a daughter of George and Mary A. Milton, of Ontario township. The father 
 was a farmer by occupation and came from Indiana to Knox county, Illinois, in 
 the early '308, settling in Ontario township. His daughter, a sister of Mrs. 
 Gillis, was the first white child bom in the county. Mr. and Mrs. Gillis have 
 become the parents of three children: Nellie; James; and Myra, who is now 
 the wife of Dr. Arthur . Gammage, of Chicago. 
 
 Mr. Gillis is a republican in politics and has taken an active interest in local 
 party work. He has now resided in Rio township on his present farm for over 
 fifty-five years and has been an interested witness to the growth and development 
 of this section of the country. He has here, both in the business and social world, 
 a host of friends to whom his life record is well known and who regard him as a 
 man of genuine worth and sterling integrity. ';! "o-.' - ': ; 
 
 ; X - ^ ANDREW BORLAND ANDERSON. r::^;::^ V^- 
 
 . '.:' ' . ' ': --.^' . : i . ''''',. 
 
 Closely associated with the financial interests of Knox county is the name of 
 Andrew Borland Anderson, senior member of the firm A. B. Anderson & Son, 
 of Oneida. Of Scotch ancestry he was born in Ayrshire, Scotland, September lo, 
 1832. His father, James Anderson, a son of John Anderson, was a blacksmith 
 by trade, following this occupation all his life in his native country. In 1860 he 
 came to America and made his home with his son in Knox county. He died here 
 in 1865. Mr. Anderson was married to Miss Mary Borland and they were the 
 parents of nine children. ;::- .' ; : ;- . .: : :: ' :;v - '.'." ; 
 
446 HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY '.- 
 
 Andrew Borland Anderson was educated in Scotland in the common schools ,'./ 
 and in a private institution. He was trained at the forge and became a black- .': 
 smith but did not work at this occupation long before he resolved to go to Amer- -; 
 ica and seek larger opportunities for making his fortune and wider fields for his ' 
 activities. In 1850 he landed on this side of the Atlantic and settled in Paris, . : 
 Ontario, Canada. In the spring of 1853 he crossed the border and found his J' ; 
 way to Illinois, locating in Victoria, Knox county, where he followed his trade :;,;;: 
 for a few years. In 1857 he purchased a building in Oneida and twenty years '''.^ 
 later engaged in the banking business here in partnership with Frank Murdoch. /. , 
 Good judgment in financial matters and in investments as well as a liberal busi- 
 ness policy soon proved Mr. Anderson and his partner efficient business managers, ^;- 
 who were successful in building up a banking institution that is a great credit to > :' . 
 Oneida. In 1908 Mr. Murdoch died and thereupon Mr. Anderson's son John, . y 
 who had been a bookkeeper up to this time, was taken into the company and the . 
 firm style became A. B. Anderson & Son. Besides this chief business interest .^ ; 
 Mr. Anderson owns six hundred acres of land in Knox county and other holdings 
 in various counties, and he is a stockholder in the Galesburg National Bank. He : ; 
 is an enterprising man and despite his advanced years is energetic and keen in - 
 business transactions. ,/; 
 
 The marriage of Mr. Anderson and Miss Mary McQuie occurred in Decem- iV 
 ber, 1860. Three children were born of this union: William H., who lives on ;: 
 his father's farm, is married and has six children ; John H., who is married :,- 
 and is in partnership with his father in the bank; and Mary Ella, the wife of . T 
 Dr. Stewart of Oneida, who lives with her father and has one boy. 
 
 In his political views Mr. Anderson is a democrat, believing in the principles - , 
 of that party and voting for its men and supporting its measures. He served in 
 the office of treasurer of the township for twenty years. Fraternally he is con- 
 nected with the Odd Fellows of Oneida and with the local lodge of the Masonic . v, 
 order, in which he has held all the offices. Those who know Mr. Anderson ^and ? - 
 his acquaintance is a wide one, extending beyond the confines of Knox county V . 
 esteem him for his lofty sense of honor and his unfailing integrity. 
 
 /v JOHN R. PARKINSON. > p .;-x4"- : :: 
 
 John R. Parkinson, cashier of the Bank of Wataga, is one of the enterprising 
 young men of Sparta township, of which he is a native, his birth having here ' . 
 occurred on June 19, 1893. He is the only child born of the union of Samuel R. '. 
 and Elizabeth (Campbell) Parkinson, prominent in Knox county and a sketch of " . 
 whom appears elsewhere in this volume. 
 
 Reared amid the environments of a good home, in the acquirement of an 
 education John R. Parkinson was sent to the public school at the usual age, re- . 
 maining a student there until he completed his course at sixteen. From his > 
 earliest boyhood principles of thrift and industry were inculated in his youthful , . 
 mind, and while yet a young lad he began preparations for a useful business .;, 
 career by assisting his father, who in addition to his various other interests was 
 engaged in the general mercantile business. After completing his education he , 
 
: : ' '/^\: HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY -?: i" 447 
 
 entered the bank as clerk and general bookkeeper, in which capacity he served 
 with such efficiency that he is now cashier. He is an industrious, enterprising 
 young man, whose abilities and opportunities should enable him to become one 
 of the foremost business men of this section of the county. 
 
 Mr. Parkinson lives at home. He is not yet old enough to cast a ballot, while 
 his church connection is that of the Roman Catholic. He represents the third 
 generation of his family in this township, in the upbuilding of which they have 
 been important factors. ,;,-. - .v.v.. . > -;-...:. .. . =: . . .-..,../ 
 
 CARL WARNER MERRILL. 
 
 Carl Warner Merrill, manager of the Terry Lumber Company was born in 
 La Porte, Indiana, on the Qth of October, 1865, the youngest child of Joseph 
 H. and Nancy J. (Wadsworth) Merrill. They were both natives of the state of 
 New York, the father's birth having occurred at Lebanon Springs, Columbia 
 county, February 17, 1828, and that of the mother in Randolph, Cattaraugus 
 county, on the 24th of August, 1832. Joseph H. Merrill, who was a son of John 
 Merrill, a native of Connecticut, and the fourth child in a family of ten, was 
 reared in the town of his birth, where he received a meager education, after 
 which he apprenticed himself to the carpenter's trade under an uncle for three 
 years for the sum of one hundred dollars. He completed his period of service 
 in 1844 and immediately thereafter went to La Porte, Indiana, entering the employ- 
 ment of the Lake Shore & Michigan Southern Railway Company, with whom he 
 remained for six years. Later he engaged in contracting in connection with which 
 he also conducted a meat market for a time, continuing to reside in La Porte until 
 1868. On the 26th of March of that year he located in Wataga, where he re- 
 sumed his contracting, this business engaging his attention until 1900. During 
 that time he became associated with W. H. Wood in the lumber business, of 
 which enterprise he subsequently became the sole owner. In 1880 he purchased 
 and removed to the present location of C. L. Tomkins, where he continued to 
 be engaged in the lumber business until 1905, when he sold his interests to 
 Terry & Lewis, now W. E. Terry & Ccwnpany, living retired until his death 
 on the 24th of March, 1910. Joseph Merrill was twice married, his first union 
 having been with Miss Rena J. Wadsworth, who died in 1851. She was a 
 daughter of Samuel Fenn Wadsworth, while her mother prior to her marriage 
 was a Miss Wheeler. For his second wife Mr. Merrill chose his sister-in-law, 
 Miss Nancy J. Wadsworth, who passed away on the 1 2th of October, 1906. 
 Three children were born of this union: Leroy, who is deceased; Cora, of 
 Watag^ ; and Carl Warner, our subject. Fraternally Mr. Merrill was a member 
 of the Masonic order, belonging to Wataga Lodge, No. 291, A. F. & A. M. and 
 the Order of the Eastern Star. He was also affiliated with the Odd Fellows, 
 holding membership in Wataga Lodge, No. 598, I. O. O. F. and the Rebekah 
 Lodge. Both he and his wife were united with the Baptist church, and polit- 
 ically he was a republican. He always took an active interest in all municipal 
 affairs and served for eight years as president of the village board. 
 
.^::: 448 HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY 
 
 . Wataga has been the home of Carl Warner .Merrill since he was a child of 
 three years. At the usual age he entered the public schools, where he mastered 
 the common branches, until seventeen years of age. For three years thereafter 
 he worked as a laborer, during which time he also assisted his father about the 
 lumberyard. In 1892 he engaged in painting and paper hanging, following 
 this vocation continuously for eleven years. Mr. Merrill assumed the manage- 
 ment of the Terry Lumber Company in October, 1906, and has ever since 
 been identified with this position. ' i 
 
 On the I5th of June, 1892, was celebrated the marriage of Mr. Merrill and 
 
 Miss Alice E. Milroy, whose birth occurred on the loth of January, 1868. Mrs. 
 . Merrill is a daughter of John E. and Rachel (Waffle) Milroy, the former a 
 
 native of Scotland and the latter of the United States and of English descent. 
 : Unto Mr. and Mrs. Merrill has been born one child who died in infancy. 
 
 His allegiance in matters politic Mr. Merrill gives to the republican party 
 and has always been a prominent factor in the government of the municipality, 
 
 . having long been a member of the board of aldermen, while for thirteen years he 
 'V was village clerk. Fraternally he is identified with the Masonic order, holding 
 
 membership in Wataga Lodge, No. 291, A. F. & A. M.; and Oneida Chapter, 
 No. 173, R. A. M. He also belongs to the Woodmen of America, being affil- 
 iated with Wataga Camp, No. 3229, and the Odd Fellows, his local connection 
 being with Wataga Lodge, No. 598. Mr. Merrill is widely known in and about 
 
 ' Wataga, where he has many friends, the majority of whom were the comrades 
 
 of his boyhood, their loyalty being a tribute to his character. 
 
 ' ;^:;'. ALBERT HERMAN ALLEN. ::/-\ .^:/ 
 
 Albert Herman Allen is now living retired, save that he is financially inter- 
 ested in some business projects, a life of well directed energy and thrift having 
 brought him to his present substantial position, which renders further active 
 'labor unnecessary as a means of support and comfort. He is one of Galesburg's 
 native sons, his birth having here occurred, June 9, 1841. His parents, Sheldon 
 William and Fidelia (Leach) Allen, were both natives of Oneida county. New 
 York, and the former was a young man when he removed westward to Knox 
 county, Illinois, making the journey across the country with a team and wagon, 
 accompanied by his wife and their one child, James S. Allen, who was then a 
 year and a half old. At length they arrived in Log City, Knox county, in June, 
 1837, and there resided until 1838, when they came to Galesburg, the father 
 erecting a house at the corner of Mulberry street and Allen avenue, which resi- 
 dence is still the property of his son Albert. The father was a farmer by occupa- 
 tion and also followed the butchering business but retired several years prior 
 to his death. In all of his business affairs he was very successful, never allow- 
 ing difficulties or obstacles to bar his path if they could be overcome by honor- 
 able and persistent effort. He donated to the city the land which is now called 
 Allen avenue. He was the owner of twenty acres between Main and South 
 streets and also of forty acres at the corner of Main and Farnum streets. He 
 platted this land into city lots, calling it the S. W. Allen addition, and through 
 
ALBERT H. ALLKX 
 
448 ; . HISTORY OF KXOX COUNTY ," 
 
 Wataga has been the home of Carl Warner .Merrill since he was a child of 
 tliree years. At the usual age he entered the public schools, where he mastered 
 the common branches, until seventeen years of age. For three years thereafter 
 lie \vorked as a laborer, during which time he also assisted his father about the 
 lumberyard. In 1892 he engaged in painting and paper hanging, following 
 this vocation continuously for eleven years. Mr. Merrill assumed the manage- 
 ment of the Terry Lumber Company in October, 1906, and has ever since 
 been identified with this ix>sition. 
 
 On the 15th of June. 1892. was celebrated the marriage of Mr. Merrill and 
 Miss Alice E. ^lilroy, whose birth occurred on the loth of January, 1868. Mrs. 
 Merrill is a daughter of John E. and Rachel (Waffle) Milroy, the former a 
 native of Scotland and the latter of the United States and of English descent. 
 Unto Mr. and Mrs. [Merrill has been lx>rn one child who died in infancy. 
 
 His allegiance in matters ix)litic Mr. Merrill gives to the republican party 
 and has always been a prominent factor in the government of the municipality, 
 having long been a member of the board of aldermen, while for thirteen years he 
 was village clerk. Fraternally he is identified with the Masonic order, holding 
 membership in Wataga Lodge, Xo. 291, A. F. & A. -M.; and Oneida Chapter, 
 No. 173, R. A. M. He also belongs to the \\'oodmen of America, being affil- 
 iated with Wataga Camp, No. 3229, and the Odd Fellows, his local connection 
 being with Wataga Lodge, Xo. 598. Mr. Merrill is widely known in and about 
 \\'ataga, where he has many friends, the majority of whom were the comrades 
 of his lx)vhood, their lovaltv being a tribute to his character. 
 
 * . * o 
 
 ;' ALBERT HERMAN ALLEX. . 
 
 Albert Herman Allen is now living retired, save that he is financially inter- 
 ested in some business projects, a life of well directed energy and thrift having 
 brought him to his present substantial position, which renders further active 
 labor unnecessary as a means of support and comfort. He is one of Galesburg's 
 native sons, his birtli having here occurred, June 9, 1841. His parents, Sheldon 
 William and Fidelia (Leach) Allen, were both natives of Oneida county. New 
 York, and the former was a young man when he removed westward to Knox 
 county, Illinois, making the journey across the country with a team and wagon, 
 accompanied by his wife and their one child, James S. Allen, who was then a 
 year and a half old. At length they arrived in Log City, Knox county, in June, 
 1837, and there resided until 1838. when they came to Galesburg, the father 
 erecting a house at the corner of Mulberry street and Allen avenue, which resi- 
 dence is still the property of his son Albert. The father was a farmer by occupa- 
 tion and also followed the butchering business but retired several years prior 
 to his death. In all of his business affairs he was very successful, never allow- 
 ing difficulties or obstacles to bar his ])ath if they could be overcome by honor- 
 able and persistent effort. He donated to the city the land which is now called 
 Allen avenue. He was the owner of twenty acres between Main and South 
 streets and also of forty acres at the corner of Main and Farnum streets. He 
 platted this land into city lots, calling it the S. W. Allen addition, and through 
 
II. .M.I.KN . 
 
HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY ;:; 451 
 
 the sale of real estate added materially to his income. He was always a stanch 
 republican in politics but never aspired to office, preferring to concentrate his . V 
 
 energies upon his business affairs, which ultimately brought him a_ gratifying ".,. .. ^ 
 return. Both he and his wife were members of the old First church and their ; ,-V: 
 influence was a substantial factor in the moral development and progress of :\...; :. 
 the community. They were married in Oneida county. New York, in 1834, and y : . 
 became the parents of eleven children: James Sherman, now living in Gales- .v. : ' .' 
 burg; Sheldon Oberlin, who died in 1901, leaving a widow, who resides at No. .-' . . 
 
 1416 North Broad street; Albert Herman; Henry Alonzo, who is living in Sum- V - '= t 
 merville, Tennessee; Norman T., of Galesburg; Chester Ephraim, who makes ...-.-.- 
 his home at the corner of Mulberry and Pearl streets; Mary Fidelia, the deceased V.,',.. ,. . 
 wife of John H. Wyckoff, of Canton, Illinois; John Stebbins, a practicing physi- .:;.' 
 cian of Keithsburg, Illinois; Frank S., a resident of Los Angeles, California; v.:;. ' v 
 Lida, the wife of Adam Kiefner, of Aspen, Colorado; and Fred S., who is liv- ;.'';; .' .- 
 ing in St. Augustine, Florida. . V 
 
 When he had mastered the branches of learning taught in the public schools ^; . 
 of Galesburg, Albert H. Allen continued his education in Madison University, ''.}..'' 
 at Hamilton, New York. He worked upon his father's farm until 1867 and . 
 
 then engaged in the butchering and live-stock business for twenty years, meet- ;. . 
 
 ing with success in that undertaking whereby he was enabled at length to live ... 
 retired. He was diligent and determined and carried forward to completion ; . .- 
 whatever he undertook. In his trade transactions he was always thoroughly ' . 
 reliable yet watchful of the details of his business, while sound judgment was /"^. , 
 
 brought to bear in the management of his affairs and ultimately won for him : . 
 
 a handsome competence. He is still a stockholder in the Galesburg Telephone ' . 
 
 Company, the First National Bank and also in the Chicago, Burlington & Quincy 'f^r 
 railroad. '::;:- 
 
 Mr. Allen has been married twice. On the ist of April, i86i, he wedded . . . 
 
 Miss Mary Agnes Leach, a daughter of Daniel and Agnes (Baird) Leach, of \; , 
 Marine City, Michigan. The children of that marriage are: Rose Agnes, who ^ ~. 
 
 first became the wife of Felix M. Katar, her second marriage being with Captain -' : - 
 J. R. Basiger, of Auburndale, Florida; Jennie Leach, at home; and Daniel .' '.vv. 
 Ephraim, of Galesburg. The wife and mother passed away, January 19, 1876, ; . ' Vj 
 and on the 26th of December, 1899, Mr. Allen was married to Miss Lillian v- . v 
 Goddard, a daughter of George C. and Agnes (Friend) Goddard, of Lamed,/. : . .-- 
 Kansas. Her father was bom in New York city, February 7, 1824, and his ; : ^-v 
 wife's birth occurred in Washington county, Maryland. July 27, 1829. He ' ; 
 
 came to Illinois in the early '4Os, settling in Fulton county, where he followed 
 farming, but in 1863 he removed to Canton, Illinois, in order to better educate ' :, 
 
 his children. In 1884 he removed to Lamed, Kansas, where he carried on gen- : i:^^ 
 
 eral agricultural pursuits for ten years and then retired, still making his home - ' 
 
 in Larned. He is a stanch advocate of republican principles and is a member ' > 
 
 of the Methodist Episcopal church, his religious belief having been the guiding " > 
 
 factor in his life. His wife, who died February 12, 1906. was also a member ' .',.-. 
 of that church. Their daughter, Mrs. Allen, was born January 25, i86i, near .... 
 
 Canton. Mr. Allen also has several grandchildren, namely: Lillian Leah Katar. - , . . ' 
 born January 15, 1894; Violet Josephine Allen, born April 25, 1896; Glenn Hubert , '- . -v 
 
 Allen, born May lo, 1898; and Herman Meeks Allen, bom March 20, 1903. ; : ' ^ 
 
452 HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY 
 
 Throughout the entire period of his residence in Galesburg and this part of 
 the state Mr. Allen has been deeply interested in public projects and those move- 
 ments which have direct bearing upon the welfare and progress of the com- 
 munity. He has always voted with the republican party yet has never been an 
 aspirant for public office. For three years he was a member of the Galesburg 
 Fire Department and served as its chief. He attends the First Methodist Epis- 
 copal church and at all times has been interested in those projects which have 
 contributed to the material, intellectual, social and moral welfare of the com- 
 munity. His life record proves that success is not a matter of genius, as held 
 by some, but is rather the outcome of clear judgment, experience and inde- 
 fatigable energy, for those qualities have been salient factors in the success 
 which has crowned his labors, enabling him now to live retired in the enjoyment 
 of comforts won by his former toil. . V " ' - 
 
 ;.;.; ANDREW OUVER LINDSTRUM. >^:' ' ' : - .; 
 
 Andrew Oliver Lindstrum needs no introduction to the citizens of Gales- 
 burg, for he is well known in its business circles as a prominent representative 
 cf insurance and commercial interests, being at the head of the Lindstrum In- 
 surance Agency, secretary of the Provident Savings Association and president 
 of the Lindstrum-West Drug Company. His record as an enterprising, pro- 
 gressive and reliable business man is a credit to Illinois, his native state. He 
 was born, twenty-six miles northeast of Galesburg, at Bishop Hill, May 29, 
 1873, and is a son of Erick and Breta (Oleson) Lindstrum. The father was 
 born in Westmanland, Sweden, December 24, 1822, and the mother's birth oc- 
 curred in Helsingland, Sweden, August 5, 1827. Both were members of the 
 Bishop Hill Colony. The former came to the United States in 1850, and was 
 a farmer by occupation. After the dissolution of the colony he engaged in tilling 
 the soil until his death, which occurred at Bishop Hill, March 8, 1889. His wife 
 had passed away on the 27th of December, 1887. They were both members 
 of the Methodist Episcopal church and took active and helpful part in its work. 
 Mr. Lindstrum serving on the board of trustees and as treasurer of the board. 
 His political views were in harmony with the principles of the republican 
 party and he capably filled a number of township offices. His wife had come 
 to the United States in 1845, ^"d at Bishop Hill the parents of our subject 
 were married. Unto them were born five children: Caroline, Eric, Charlotte, 
 Albert and Andrew, of this review. 
 
 The last named pursued his early education in the schools of his native 
 town and afterward entered Knox College, completing the scientific course 
 with the class of 1895. He then went to Geneseo, Illinois, and in company 
 with James H. Andrews established a daily paper, which they conducted for 
 about a year. Mr. Lindstrum then sold his interest to his partner and aided in 
 organizing the Kewanee Daily Courier, which he published for a year. He 
 next went to Chicago and worked on the Chicago Post for a few months. On 
 the 1 7th of October, 1897, he came to Galesburg and began working on the 
 Evening Mail in the business department, with which he was connected foi 
 
^^:.: \;. ^. HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY : , 458 
 
 three years. He filled the office of deputy county clerk under Frank Adams 
 for two years and then became publisher of the Evening Mail, continuing at 
 the head of that paper from 1903 until the ist of November, 1907, when he pur- 
 chased the Holmes & Chase Insurance Agency, which he still carries on in the 
 Holmes building. In this connection he represents the Continental, Fidelity- 
 Phenix, Fire Association, Franklin, Hamburg-Bremen, Liverpool & London 
 Globe, North British & Mercantile, Philadelphia Underwriters, Royal, Spring- 
 field, Svea, The Ocean Accident & Guaranty Corporation, Fidelity & Deposit 
 Company, Standard Live-Stock Insurance Company, and Bankers Like of Lin- 
 coln, Nebraska. On the ist of January, 1910, Mr. Lindstrum organized the 
 Provident Savings Association and was elected its secretary, in which position 
 he still continues. His agency is one of the largest in this part of the state and 
 he also has voice in the management of other business projects. Today he is 
 a stockholder of the Lindstrum- West Drug Company, and other Galesburg in- 
 stitutions. 
 
 On the 3d of October, 1898, Mr. Lindstrum was united in marriage to 
 Miss Sybil Winifred Chaiser, a daughter of John P. and Betsy (Linbbeck) 
 Chaiser, of Bishop Hill, who received her schooling in Knox College, graduating 
 in 1898. Her father was born in Balinge Parish, in Upland, Sweden, January 
 I, 1844, and on coming to America in 1850 joined the Bishop Hill Colony. In 
 early life he followed the cooper's trade for some time but afterward engaged 
 in the grain and lumber business and also acted as agent for the Rock Island 
 & Peoria Railroad Company for a number of years. In 1888, with a handsome 
 competence acquired from his labors, he retired from active life. His political 
 allegiance is given to the prohibition party. .Mrs. Chaiser was bom in Gefleborg, 
 Sweden, May 24, 1848, and came to America in 1849. They were married 
 February 5, 1870, and became parents of three daughters: Alice E., S. Winifred 
 and Juna C. 
 
 To Mr. and Mrs. Lindstrum has been born a son, Herbert James, whose 
 birth occurred at Galesburg, June 3, 1906. In his political views Mr. Lindstrum 
 has always been a republican since age conferred upon him the right of franchise 
 and while he has not sought nor held political office he has been especially in- 
 terested in the welfare and progress of the city and has coop>erated in many 
 movements for the general good. From 1907 until 1910 he was a member and 
 secretary of the library board. Mr. and Mrs. Lindstrum are both members of 
 the Central Congregational church. His business record has been characterized 
 as honorable and upright and he deserves classification with the leading business 
 men of the city. '-V;'-^.\/--- ' / ''^:-"^'''^ -C'-'-^;'' ^r' ' -^^'.- 1.'- ' '' ^'' 
 
 '^- '-'- ^' :.-.::' ---^ -:.:- THOMAS JUNK. ;'::':., ' .. X'v. ;-,,;:;; ^:^:. 
 
 Thomas Junk, a retired farmer and stock-raiser and at one time an artisan in 
 the carpenter trade, resides in Henderson village, Knox county, Illinois. He is 
 a native of Union Town, Fayette county, Pennsylvania. The date of his birth 
 is March 27, 1833. As noted in his brother's sketch, he is of Gennan origin 
 on his father's side, his grandfather having been born in Germany. His mother, 
 
454 HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY - 
 
 whose maiden name was Elizabeth Lincoln, was a second cousin of Abraham 
 Lincoln. His father was bom in Pennsylvania to which state his people had 
 come after a short residence in New Jersey where they had settled on coming 
 to this country. He followed the pursuit of farming in Pennsylvania all his 
 life, passing away in 1877, when he was seventy-six years of age. He was a 
 stanch democrat in politics and in his religious predilections was a Presbyterian. 
 
 Thomas Junk was educated in the district schools of his native locality. 
 When old enough to handle a plow he began to farm, first as hired help and 
 then for himself. In 1856 when twenty-three years of age he came west, locat- 
 ing in Knox county where he learned the carpenter trade, following this calling 
 for some years. Then, wishing to engage in farming, he gave up the trade in 
 which he had been trained and bought a farm of eighty acres in Knox county. 
 This he operated with much success, raising abundant crops, hogs and cattle. 
 Some years ago he retired and removed to a residence in Henderson village. 
 
 Thomas Junk's marriage to Miss Maria Kilgore took place November lo, 1859. 
 She was a daughter of David Kilgore, for years an agriculturist in Franklin 
 county, spending his winter months teaching school, but who left Pennsylvania 
 and became one of the famous "forty-niners" in the days of the California 
 gold boom. There were seven children born of this union. Jessie Louise, the 
 wife of John Nisley, a farmer in Nebraska, is the mother of five children. Some 
 of these are married and have children of their own, thus giving Thomas Junk 
 the distinction of being a great-grandfather. Frances is living at home. James 
 E. is married and operates a farm in Stuart, Iowa. W. S. is living in Knox 
 county on the farm where he was born. He is married and the father of four 
 children. Minnie is the wife of Jasper Strode, a farmer in Ktiox county. She 
 is the mother of five children. Edith is the wife of Charles Sears, connected 
 with mercantile interests in Loveland, Colorado. She is the mother of two 
 children. David died at the age of twenty-three. \ . - 
 
 Although keenly interested in the political welfare of his community and of 
 the state and nation, Mr. Junk has never been bound by party ties. He votes for 
 the man who in his judgment is best fitted to discharge the duties of the office 
 for which he is a candidate. He has served as trustee of his township and as 
 school director. In religious allegiance he and his wife subscribe to the faith 
 of the Reorganized church of Latter Day Saints. Mr. Junk is living a com- 
 fortable, care-free life in the village of Henderson, is in good health, and from 
 all indications seems to possess the grace of providence granting him the enjoy- 
 ment of many added years. ; ' v '-'' ^;;"''--;f'' '''':: 
 
 : ; -i ' JOHN BOWEN VIVION, M. D. vk 
 
 Dr. John Bowen Vivion was a distinguished physician, honored by the pro- 
 fession throughout the state. Study and close application constantly promoted 
 his ability and gave him prominent place in the ranks of the medical fraternity 
 in Illinois. He was born in Clark county, Kentucky, October 23, i8io, a son 
 of Henry and Mildred (Ryan) Vivion, both of whom were natives of Virginia, 
 being reared upon farms in the vicinity of Alexandria, that state. They re- 
 
DR. JOHN B. VIVION . 
 
454 HISTORY OF KXOX COUNTY 
 
 whose maiden name was Elizabeth Lincoln, was a second cousin of Abraham 
 Lincoln. His father was born in Pennsylvania to which state his people had 
 come after a short residence in New Jersey where they had settled on coming 
 to this country. He followed the pursuit of farming in Pennsylvania all his 
 life, passing away in 1877. when he was seventy-six years of age. He was a 
 stanch democrat in politics and in his religious predilections was a Presbyterian. 
 Thomas Junk was educated in the district schools of his native locality. 
 When old enough to handle a plow he began to farm, first as hired help and 
 then for himself. In 1856 when twenty-three years of age he came west, locat- 
 ing in Knox county where he learned the cari>enter trade, following this calling 
 for some years. Then, wishing to engage in farming, he gave up the trade in 
 which he had been trained and bought a farm of eighty acres in Knox county. 
 This he operated with much success, raising abundant crops, hogs and cattle. 
 Some years ago he retired and removed to a residence in Henderson village. 
 
 Thomas Junk's marriage to Miss Maria Kilgore took place November lo, 1859. 
 She was a daughter of David Kilgore, for years an agriculturist in Franklin 
 county, spending his winter months teaching school, but who left Pennsylvania 
 and became one of the famous "forty-niners" in the days of the California 
 gold boom. There were seven children born of this union. Jessie Louise, the 
 wife of John Nisley, a farmer in Nebraska, is the mother of five children. Some 
 of these are married and have children of their own, thus giving Thomas Junk 
 the <listinction of being a great-grandfather. Frances is living at home. James 
 E. is married and operates a farm in Stuart, Iowa. W. S. is living in Knox 
 county on the farm where he was born. He is married and the father of four 
 children. Minnie is the wife of Jasper Strode, a farmer in Knox county. She 
 is the mother of five children. Edith is tlie wife of Charles Sears, connected 
 with mercantile interests in Loveland, Colorado. She is the mother of two 
 children. David died at the age of twenty-three. 
 
 Although keenly interested in the political welfare of his community and of 
 the state and nation, Mr. Junk has never been bound by party ties. He votes for 
 the man who in his judgment is best fitted to discharge the duties of the office 
 for which he is a candidate. He has served as trustee of his township and as 
 school director. In religious allegiance he and his wife subscribe to the faith 
 of the Reorganized church of Latter Day Saints. Mr. Junk is living u com- 
 fortable, care-free life in the village of Henderson, is in good health, and from 
 all indications seems to possess the grace of providence granting him the enjoy- 
 ment of many added years. 
 
 JOHN' I'.OWl'.X X'lVIOX, .\I. I). 
 
 Dr. John Mowen \ ivion was a distinguished physician, honored by the pro- 
 fession throughout the state. Study and close application constantly promoted 
 his ability and gave him jjrominent place in the ranks of the medical fraternity 
 in Illinois. He was born in Clark county. Kentucky. October .23, i8io, a son 
 of Henry and Mildred (Ryan) \'ivion. both of whom were natives of Virginia, 
 being reared upon farms in the vicinity of Alexandria, that state. They re- 
 
DK. JOHN 15. VIVIUX 
 
U:^V;^^:J V\;; : HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY :- .,. 457 
 
 /'' moved westward to Clark county, Kentucky, when it was almost an unbroken 
 
 wilderness and took helpful part in its reclamation and development. Botb 
 
 ' were firm believers in the Christian religion and held membership in the Baptist 
 
 V. church until that denomination divided upon the question of missions, after 
 
 which they joined the Christian church. Henry Vivion devoted his life to general 
 
 : agricultural pursuits and was recognized both as a good farmer and good citizen. 
 
 .;' He at one time owned about fifteen slaves, their labor being used in the devel- 
 
 ' opment and cultivation of his fields. He was ever a most charitable and benevo- 
 
 ;, lent man, giving freely of his means to aid the poor, and in 1822, when a scarcity 
 
 ' ' of corn caused great suffering among them, he refused to sell at the advanced 
 
 price which was being asked, saying that what he could spare he would give to 
 
 \ those who needed. About i8io the family removed from Clark to Warren 
 
 .:'', county, Kentucky, there remaining for six years, at the end of which time they 
 
 :'- went to Howard county, Missouri, where they resided until the father's death 
 
 . when he was seventy-nine years of age. The mother then made her home in 
 
 ' Clinton county, Missouri, with her son James, and reached the advanced age of 
 
 ; ninety-five years. 
 
 Dr. Vivion received limited educational opportunities, yet when the chance 
 
 : oflfered attended the district schools near his father's homestead until eighteen 
 
 years of age and afterward engaged in teaching school for two or three years-. 
 
 . However, he had decided to make the practice of medicine his life work and 
 
 V during his leisure hours he studied medicine, reading alone. When twenty-two 
 
 years of age, at Huntsville, Missouri, he began reading under the direction of 
 
 . Drs. Head and Rutherford, with whom he studied for one and a half years. He 
 
 ^!' then went to Winchester, Kentucky, where he spent a year and a half under the 
 
 K preceptorship of Drs. Frasier and Vivion. He next attended lectures in the 
 ' medical department of Transylvania University at Lexington, Kentucky, and on 
 
 the ist of May, 1836, began practice in Dover, Missouri, thereafter following 
 . his profession for more than sixty-five years. For thirty-five years he practiced 
 . in accordance with the tenets and principles of the allopathic school, but in 1866 
 . became an advocate and practitioner of homeopathy, winning a diploma in Hahne- 
 ; , mann College. In 1851 he removed from Dover to Waverly, Missouri, and two 
 ' years later purchased a farm about two miles from Dover, on which he resided 
 . . for seven years, practicing all that time. In 1860 he sold this property and went 
 : to College Mound, Missouri, while in 1865 he became a resident of Ursa, Illi- 
 nois. Three years later, or in 1868, he came to Galesburg, where he continued 
 to reside until his death, which .occurred on July i, 1902. His work in his 
 ;, profession was most serviceable and throughout the period of his practice his 
 ; skill and ability increased because of his wide reading and study, and his broad 
 ;. experience. His standing among his professional brethren is indicated by the 
 fact that he was honored with the presidency of the State Medical Association, 
 . " but resigned in favor of a younger man. 
 
 On the 26th of September, 1836, Dr. Vivion was united in marriage to Miss 
 
 ; Maria Jane Atkinson, and for a half century they traveled life's journey to- 
 
 gether but were separated through the death of the wife, on the 25th of August, 
 
 .1887. In their family were eight child'-en of whom four reached adult age, 
 
 ;, namely: Sarah Ann, the wife of Thomas Gorham; Robert, who was a Union 
 
 ;; soldier in the Civil war and died from hardships undergone in the field ; John 
 
458 HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY -''^V'Vv^ 
 
 G., deceased; and Edward L. On the i6th of May, 1888, Dr. Vivion was again 
 married, his second union being with Lucy Xeely, a daughter of James Xeely, 
 who came to Galesburg after the arrival of "the colony'' from the state of New 
 York. For ten years he resided at Log City and then removed to Center Point, 
 where he followed farming until his death. His wife, who bore the maiden name 
 of Sabrina Arnold, was also from the Empire state. His brother, Abram Xeely, 
 came to Knox county at a very early day and owned a mill upon the present 
 site of the Santa Fe depot and also a great deal of land on what is now Broad 
 street. 
 
 Dr. Vivion gave his early political allegiance to the whig party and following 
 its dissolution he joined the democratic party in 1856 and remained thereafter 
 one of its strong supporters. He filled a number of local positions, serving as 
 health commissioner of Galesburg for several years, as city health officer for 
 two years and as city physician for five years. He was also prominent in church 
 work and in 1843 was elected an elder of the Qiristian church, which position 
 he filled throughout the remainder of his days. Church services were held in 
 his office in Galesburg and the Lord's Supper was administered there until 1871, 
 when his denomination built a church in this city. He afterward filled the pul- 
 pit much of the time until 1890. when a regular minister was secured. His life 
 was ever characterized by high and honorable principles, his course conforming 
 to his religious professions. He was always kind and generous to the poor and 
 was a loyal, devoted friend. His entire life was characterized by progress, 
 whether in the field of his profession, in public service or in church relationships, 
 and certainly the world is better for his having lived. 
 
 : GEORGE LOUIS NEWBERG. : y :; :- . 
 
 George Louis Newberg, the present mayor of Wataga, has always devoted 
 his energies to general farming and stock-raising, in both of which occupations 
 he has met with a goodly degree of success. He is one of Knox county's native 
 sons, his birth having ocurred in Copley township, on the 7th of January, 1862, 
 the pioneer period, being members of the Bishop Hill Colony. By trade Mr. New- 
 berg was a charcoal and lime burner, which occupation he followed in connection 
 with his farming in Copley township. He was very successful, being a thrifty, 
 hard-working man and at the time of his demise was one of the leading men 
 of the community. Of the marriage of Mr. and Mrs. Newberg there were 
 born five children, four of whom are living, our subject being the second in 
 order of birth, while the others are as follows: Mathilda, the wife of William 
 Hedstrum, of Copley township; Johanna, the wife of Harvey Larson, of Cali- 
 fornia; and Christiana, who married Samuel Sambo, also of California. The 
 father passed away at the venerable age of eighty-four years, on the 5th of May, 
 1899, but the mother had only reached an age of forty at the time of her demise 
 on the 25th of January, 1875. 
 
 : The district schools in the vicinity of his home provided George Louis New- 
 berg such educational advantages as he enjoyed, his student days being terminated 
 at the age of sixteen. During the succeeding five years he gave his undivided at- 
 
' /;; I HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY xv^.r 459 
 
 tention to the operation of the home farm under the supervision of his father. 
 At the expiration of that period he left the parental roof to make his own way in 
 the world, first engaging in farming in Copley township, but later he removed 
 to Oneida, where he remained until 1905, when he became a citizen of Wataga. 
 In connection with general farming, Mr. Newberg made a specialty of raising 
 and shipping stock, activities proving to be very remunerative under his capable 
 management. He has always been an energetic man, who considers that any- 
 thing worthy of engaging his efforts, is deserving of the best of them and has 
 so directed his endeavors. 
 
 For his wife and helpmate Mr. Newberg chose Miss Anna C. England, who 
 was born in Persifer township, this county, in May, 1864. Mrs. Newberg is a 
 daughter of George England, who was born in Pennsylvania, in 1826, a son 
 of William England. He was reared to manhood in his native state and there , 
 he later married Miss Susie Webb, who was also born in the Keystone state. 
 Their domestic life was begun in Pennsylvania, but they removed to Illinois 
 it! 1856, locating in Knox county. Mr. England was one of those who responded 
 to his nation's call during the Civil war and enlisting in Company A, Thirty-sixth 
 Illinois Volunteer Infantry, in 1864 went to the front, being mustered out on 
 the 15th of March, 1865. He passed away in 1911, at the age of eighty-five 
 years, but the mother is still living in her seventy-second year. To Mr. and 
 Mrs. Newberg have been born five children: Ivan, a farmer of Wataga, aged 
 twenty-two years, who married Ethel Edwards; Mary, a young woman of 
 twenty ; John, who is eighteen ; Nathan, now fourteen ; and James, who is 
 eight. Martha, a niece, is a little maid of four years and makes her home with 
 Mr. and Mrs. Newberg. 
 
 The family attend the Methodist Episcopal church of Wataga, in whidi 
 the parents hold membership, and Mr. Newberg is also an Odd Fellow and a 
 Mason, being identified with the lodges of Wataga; he is a member of Oneida 
 Camp of the Modern Woodmen of America and Lxxige No. 671, of the Mystic 
 Workers of the World. His political support is given to the men and measures 
 of the republican party and he takes a deep interest in all municipal affairs. He 
 served as school director for several terms and in 1910 was elected mayor of 
 Wataga, the responsibilities of which office he is discharging in a manner highly 
 pleasing to the community and most creditably to himself. 
 
 ^ ' . . . CHARLES BROWN. -/: ^ : v r 
 
 Charles Brown is manager and superintendent of the Farmers' Elevator Com- 
 pany, of Wataga, where he has resided for the past fourteen years. He is a 
 native of Sweden, having been bom in Halland, on April 7, 1856, a son of Xels 
 Johnson and Johanna (Johnson) Brown. Both parents spent their entire lives 
 in the old country, the father, who was born in i8io, devoting his energies to 
 farming until his demise, which occurred in 1892. Three children, born of the 
 union of Mr. and Mrs. Brown, are living, as follows: Charles, our subject; 
 Hetta, who is living at home; and August, who is operating the home farm. 
 
460 HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY ^^^ ^ - -I : v V 
 
 Charles Brown was reared and educated in his native land to the age of 
 fourteen years when he went to Denmark, where he worked for two years at 
 the jewelry trade. In 1877 he emigrated to the United States, locating in 
 Chicago, where for twelve years he followed the barber's trade. At the expira- 
 tion of that period he came to Wataga and bought out a barber shop that he 
 operated until 1903, then withdrew to become manager and sup>erintendent of 
 the Farmers' Elevator Company. During the succeeding six years he has been 
 successfully identified with this enterprise, the business of which has develoi>ed 
 in a most gratifying manner during the period of his connection with it. 
 
 For his wife and helpmate Mr. Brown chose Miss Maggie S. Campbell, who 
 was born in 1873, a daughter of William H. and Mary Ann Campbell, now resi- 
 dents of Wataga, but natives of Ireland, whence they emigrated to the United 
 States in 1867. 
 
 Mr. Brown votes the republican ticket but he has never been an office seeker. 
 He is a member of the Brotherhood of American Yeomen, and a charter mem- 
 ber of the Mystic Workers of the World, Wataga Lodge, No. 671. Although 
 he has always led a somewhat unobtrusive life, never having actively par- 
 ticipated in the public affairs of the municipality, Mr. Brown can always be 
 depended upon to indorse every movement that is at all likely to promote the 
 interests of the community. 
 
 :V FRANK O. RYLANDER. : ;: 
 
 Many of Sweden's native sons have sought the broader opportunities of the , ' ,:, 
 new world, bringing with them the unremitting energy and perseverance char- -' 
 acteristic of that nation, and in the great majority of cases they have attained ' ; . . 
 success in the management of varied business affairs. Such is the record of ;. , 'y 
 Frank O. Rylander, who was bom in Smaland, Sweden, on the 23d of October, ,. 
 1864, a son of Johanas and Clara (Johnson) Johnson. The parents were both ' ;\ 
 born in Sweden and there spent their entire lives, the father engaging in farm- :' 
 ing as a life occupation. Both are now deceased, the father's death occurring ; ; . ; 
 in 1899, while the mother died in 1903. They were consistent members of the ':". 
 Swedish Lutheran church. : : 
 
 In the common schools of his native land Frank O. Rylander acquired a v : ;~ 
 good education and after laying aside his text-books he assisted in the work .V ,: 
 of the farm for a while. Later he spent two years in Stockholm, working at ' , ' 
 the cooper's trade, and then, on the I5th of May, 1887, he came to the /; 
 United States, attracted by the business opportunities which he heard were ' ' 
 here offered. He made his way direct to Illinois, locating in Oneida, Knox .!; 
 county. From there he went to Davenport, Iowa, where he was employed as T - v 
 a carpenter until September, 1887, when he began working out by the month. *.. .'?'C' 
 He was thus engaged for several years and in 1893 took up agricultural pur- ;- ' 
 suits in Ontario township, Knox county, Illinois. Meeting with success in this . , 
 venture he was able in 1907 to purchase a farm upon which he might engage in 
 farming independently and he now owns a fine tract of one hundred and sixty ' , ^ . 
 acres on section 21, Ontario township. Here his time is fully occupied with the . ' 
 
." .; HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY \ 461 
 
 ' '-''"(:' ''''.'': ' . .; -S-.- v' ; *. 
 
 various phases of agriculture and in addition to the cultivation of the fields 
 he makes a sf>ecialty of feeding hogs, in both of which lines he is meeting with 
 well merited success. 
 
 It was on the 29th of March, 1893, that Mr. Rylander was married to Miss 
 Anna C. Halstead, a daughter of John P. and Christiana (Carlson) Halstead, 
 both of whom were of Swedish descent. The father, a farmer by occupation, 
 was killed by a train at Oneida, his death occurring on the 29th of April, 1899. 
 His widow still survives and makes her home in Woodhull, Henry county, Illinois. 
 In the family of Mr. and Mrs. Rylander are seven children, namely, George E., 
 Clara A., Ottis R., Mildred L., Frances M., Robert L. and Everett Lester, all 
 of whom are yet at home. In the various relations which go to make up the 
 public life of the community Mr. Rylander is deeply interested and he is recog- 
 nized as one of the representative citizens of Ontario township. He holds mem- 
 bership in the Ontario Congregational church and fraternally belongs to Oneida 
 Camp, No. 555, M. W. A., at Oneida, and to the Mystic Workers. A review 
 of the political question of the country led him to give his support to the re- 
 publican party and since becoming an American citizen he has never faltered in 
 his allegiance to the principles of that organization. He has never sought nor 
 desired public office, however, the only position which he has ever filled being 
 that of school director, as which he has served for nine years. He has never 
 regretted the step which he took when he sought a home in the United States, 
 for here he has found good opportunities for business advancement and in their 
 utilization has won a substantial degree of prosperty. Illinois, also, has found 
 in him a valued citizen for he has ever manifested admirable traits of character 
 and exhibited a public-spirited devotion to the best interests of his adopted land. 
 
 : ;.'. -^':'^'- .. "'-':-" DAVID P. NILES. .. /v .-/..-: i.. '';'; -'vv'U'^ 
 
 A well known retired farmer of Sparta township is David P. Niles, who is 
 the oldest pioneer in point of years of continuous residence now living in this 
 district. He was born in Hillsdale, Columbia county. New York, on October 
 20, 1824, and is a son of Sill and Louisa (Olmstead) Niles. The mother passed 
 away in 1852, but the father survived until 1871, his demise occurring at the age 
 of seventy-six years. The paternal grandfather, Thomas Niles, who was a vet- 
 eran of the Revolution, was a blacksmith by trade, in connection with which 
 he also engaged in farming. He was a native of Connecticut as was Steven 
 Olmstead, the maternal grandfather. The family of Mr. and Mrs. Sill Niles num- 
 bered eight, those beside our subject being as follows : Eliza, the wife of Charles 
 D. Loomis, of Columbia county. New York ; George F., who is deceased ; Charles 
 H., deceased, who also was a resident of Columbia county ; Helen C., now Mrs. 
 Kane, of Columbia county; Martha, the widow of H. Ten Broeck, of Columbia 
 county ; and two who died early in life. ,.; .; 
 
 In his early boyhood David P. Niles attended the district schools in the 
 vicinity of his father's farm in the acquirement of an education, subsequently 
 giving his undivided attention to agricultural pursuits until 1856. He then 
 decided to remove to the west and three years later became a resident of Wataga, 
 
462 HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY -' . I ' , 
 
 making his home with a family by the name of Smith. He purchased the old 
 Wataga mill that he successfully operated for seven years, when he bought three 
 hundred acres of land and engaged in farming. Agriculture at that period in- 
 volved much more drudgery than at the present, many tasks, that then required 
 days to do by hand, now being performed by the aid of modern machinery in 
 a few hours. Despite the hard work and discouragements he encountered, 
 Mr. Niles p)ersisted in his undertakings and eventually became one of the largest 
 landowners in the county. In connection with the operation of his fields he made 
 a specialty of raising and feeding stock, both proving to be most lucrative under 
 his capable direction. During the long years of his efficient management of his 
 affairs, he so intelligently concentrated and directed his efforts that he acquired 
 a competence that enabled him to retire, and he is now renting his property 
 and enjoying the ease and comfort awarded the well spent years of his early 
 life. 
 
 For his wife Mr. Niles chose Miss Helen C. Johnson, who was born in 
 Sweden in 1849. Of this union there was born one child, who is now deceased. 
 
 During his early years Mr. Niles was a whig but when this party merged 
 into the republican he gave his support to the men and measures of the latter 
 body. Although he never prominently participated in the political activities 
 of his township he served as road commissioner, the duties of which office he 
 discharged in a highly creditable manner. Mr. Niles has now p>assed the eighty- 
 seventh milestone on life's journey, but despite his many years his eyesight is 
 remarkably good and his faculties as acute as those of a man years his junior. 
 He is still able to look after his own business affairs and takes a lively interest 
 in all public questions. During his long period of residence here he has been 
 the interested observer of the development of the country as it kept pace with 
 the progress of civilization, and many are the interesting reminiscences he relates 
 of the pioneer days. 
 
 ' JAMES CHAMPION McMURTRY, M. D. 
 
 Dr. James Champion McMurtry, a former citizen of Knox county and. until 
 his death, devoting himself unselfishly to the service of others in the practice of 
 his profession, was bom in Crawford county, Indiana. February 3, 1829. His 
 parents were William and Ruth (Champion) McMurtry, both natives of Ken- 
 tucky. He was a descendant of ancestors distinguished in the service of their 
 country for generations. The great grandfather of Dr. McMurtry, whose name 
 was John McMurtry. was a Revolutionary war hero, killed in the battle of 
 Cowpens. The father, William McMurtry, was a ranger in the Black Hawk 
 war. 
 
 On November i. 1829. the year in which Dr. McMurtry was born, his father 
 removed his family to Knox county, Illinois. Before this they had resided in 
 Indiana, where William McMurtry was active in politics besides carrying on 
 agricultural pursuits. He served as lieutenant governor under Governor French, 
 of Illinois. He was state senator of Illinois for many years. Mr. McMurtry, 
 descended of French Huguenot origin, was a man of superior mental qualities 
 
: /" 
 
;,;v; .;-,;: HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY i I V > 467 
 
 possessing an excellent education, and made many friends through his genial 
 manner and magnetic personality. He was an intimate friend of Stephen A. 
 Douglas and occupied a prominent position in the democratic party in Illinois 
 when the political battle was growing in intensity before the final triumph of 
 President Lincoln and the newborn republican party. Dr. McMurtry's father 
 was a captain in the Sixty-seventh Regular Militia of Illinois and a colonel of 
 the One Hundred and Second Volunteer Infantry of Illinois. In 1846, he was 
 made a member of the Henderson Lodge, F. & A. M. 
 
 Unlike most youths of his time Dr. McMurtry had every educational advan- 
 tage that could prepare him adequately for the profession of his choice. He 
 began with a common-school education, supplementing this by a course at Knox 
 College and at Union College in Schenectady, New York. After this liberal edu- 
 cation he narrowed down the field of his studies and devoted himself to medi- 
 cine as his specialty. For this purpose he entered Rush Medical College of 
 Chicago, from which he received his degree. He then returned to his home 
 county, where he established a practice for himself in which he continued till 
 death terminated his activities. He was one of the leading practitioners in this 
 section of the country, noted for his kindness in the treatment of his patients 
 and for his generous acts of charity towards those who were less able to meet 
 the heavy financial tax which illness entails. He was a splendid athlete devoted 
 to indoor exercises and outdoor sports, and was modern in his mode of living 
 and his views of life. ;^ ^ ^ ;^ 'V :- ^-'''.r'^'.'' 
 
 The marriage of Dr. James McMurtry and Miss Caroline Nelson, of War- 
 ren county, Illinois, occurred June 9, 1855. Her parents were Andrew and Susan 
 (Hawley) Nelson. Mr. Nelson was a merchant, coming originally from Am- 
 herst, Massachusetts. On July 3, 1843, he settled in Henderson, Knox county, 
 where he engaged in business. 
 
 Five children were born to Dr. and Mrs. McMurtr}'. James W. is an attor- 
 ney at law in Elk City, Oklahoma. He is the father of seven children. Franklin 
 H. died in infancy. Susan H. lives on the home farm in Henderson township. 
 She is a graduate of Knox College, of the class of 1886. Caroline is the wife of 
 H. B. Conyers, a jeweler in Urbana, Ohio, and is the mother of one child. She 
 is also a graduate of Knox College, of the class of 1886. Mary is at home 
 supervising the place and managing the estate. She, too, was graduated from 
 Knox College, in 1886. 
 
 Dr. McMurtry died March 29, 1903. He was well-to-do, owning at the time 
 of his death a very fine farm of three hundred and thirty acres of land, devoted 
 to general farming. Fraternally he was connected with a number of organiza- 
 tions in which he took an active 4)art. He was a member of Hiram Lodge, No. 
 26, F. & A. M., of Henderson, and was worshipful master for twenty-two years. 
 In 1855, he became a member of Horeb Chapter, No. 4, R. A. M., at Knoxville, 
 Illinois. He held the office of grand pursuivant in the grand lodge of Illinois, 
 in 1855, 3^nd grand marshal of the grand lodge of Illinois, from 1880 till 1884. 
 He was elected to all the offices in the Grand Chapter, R. A. M., of Illinois. He 
 was chosen high priest in 1877 and for a number of years was grand representa- 
 tive of Georgia in the Grand Chapter of Illinois. Since 1862 he was a member 
 
 of the Galesburg Commandery, No. 8, K. T. .'.:':::: '; . ..- -^ 
 
 vdL n 21 .,''''> .-; , -'./ ."i:' '':'. j.''- ' : 
 
468 HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY V'.:-'. . 
 
 In politics Dr. McMurtry was a republican. He voted for Lincoln for his 
 second term, although he was up to that time a loyal democrat. He was a man 
 of political influence and a strong party leader. He was the founder of the 
 Union League of Henderson township and served as the first president of that 
 organization. Large-minded in his convictions and of a powerful personality, 
 he possessed in a marked degree many of the characteristics which distinguished 
 his father before him, clear-sighted vision, the faculty of foreseeing the con- 
 sequences of a situation or of an action long before those consequences occurred. 
 Among the many residents of Knox county who knew Dr. McMurtry intimately 
 he possessed the friendship of a large number of people and the warm regard 
 of all. 
 
 :V:: ; WILLIAM S. CAMERON. : .W ; ; ; 
 
 William S. Cameron, who has been a resident of Galesburg for more than 
 a quarter of a century, is a prominent factor in industrial circles as the president 
 of the Frost Manufacturing Company, to which office he was elected in 1900. 
 His birth occurred near Elgin, Scotland, on the I7th of January, 1864, his par- 
 ents being Robert and Elspit (McBeth) Cameron, who were likewise natives 
 of that country. The paternal grandfather, Alexander Cameron, was also born 
 in Scotland and became a mason contractor. Unto him and his wife were born 
 the following children : William, John, Peter, Robert, Jane and Annie. William 
 McBeth, the maternal grandfather of our subject, was likewise a mason con- 
 tractor and passed away near Elgin, Scotland, when seventy-eight years of 
 age. His wife, Mrs. Ann (Proctor) McBeth, was seventy-six years old when 
 called to her final rest. Their children were as follows : James, William, Robert, 
 Jane, Annie, Elspit and Helen. -' ' ':^ - '"^' .^:: ': ;r .;! 
 
 Robert Cameron, the father of William S. Cameron, grew to manhood in 
 the vicinity of Elgin, Scotland, and largely devoted his life to general agricul- 
 tural pursuits throughout his active business career. He lived retired for a 
 number of years prior to his demise, which occurred at Rothes, on the lOth of 
 July, 1911, when he had reached the age of eighty-four years. His wife 
 passed away in 1871, when only twenty-seven years of age. Both were faith' 
 ful members of the Established church. Unto them were born five children, 
 namely : William S., of this review ; James, who is a resident of Elgin, Scotland ; 
 Ann, who died in infancy; Alexander, who died when a young man of twenty- 
 one years ; and Nellie, living at Elgin, Scotland. 
 
 William S. Cameron obtained his education in the schools of St. Andrews, 
 Lhanbryd and Elg^n and remained in his native land until nineteen years of 
 age. After putting aside his text-books he served an apprenticeship in the 
 general contracting business. In 1884, wishing to test the truth of the many 
 favorable reports which he had heard concerning the opportunities and advan- 
 tages of the new world, he crossed the Atlantic to the United States and settled 
 in Galesburg, Illinois, where he has remained almost continuously since. He 
 was first employed by the Chicago, Burlington & Quincy Railroad Company for 
 two years and then entered the service of the Frost Manufacturing Company, 
 
'.HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY .' /-yv ' 469 
 
 taking charge of the pattern department. In 1900 he was chosen president of 
 the concern and has remained its chief executive officer to the present time. 
 The Frost Manufacturing Company was established in 1851 and has manu- 
 factured principally engines, boilers and dry pans. Its products are sold in all 
 parts of the United States and a number of foreign countries. Three hundred 
 people are employed in the plant, which consists of the following departments : 
 machine shop, boiler shop, forge shop, foundry, pattern shop and flange shop. 
 As the head of this extensive and important industry Mr. Cameron has dis- 
 played splendid executive ability and keen discernment. Intricate business prob- 
 lems he comprehends with rare quickness and the solution which he proposes 
 almost invariably proves to be the correct one. 
 
 On the 27th of September, 1888, Mr. Cameron was married to Miss Margaret 
 S. Davidson, a native of Alves, Scotland, and a daughter of Peter McL. and 
 Margaret (Bremner) Davidson, who were likewise born in that country. Em- 
 igrating to the United States, they settled in Galesburg, where Mrs. Davidson 
 passed away in 1909 at the age of fifty-eight years. Peter Davidson, a con- 
 tractor and builder, still survives. He was the father of six daughters, namely: 
 Margaret, Isabel, Elsie, Grace, Delia and Genevieve. Samuel and EUsie (Mc- 
 Conachie) Davidson, the paternal grandi>arents of Mrs. Cameron, had eig^t 
 children: James, Samuel, William, John, Peter, George, Elsie and Jessie. The 
 maternal grandparents of Mrs. Cameron had the following children: Alexander, 
 James, David, Margaret and Annie. Unto our subject and his wife were born 
 three children: Robert LeRoy, bom on April 13, 1890, who died at the age of 
 six years ; Margaret Mae, born on March 27, 1892, a graduate of the Galesburg 
 high school, who is now attending St. Mary's school at Knoxville, Illinois ; and 
 William Ray, born on December 22, 1897, a public school student. 
 
 Fraternally Mr. Cameron is identified with the Benevolent Protective Order 
 of Elks and he is also a member of the Galesburg and Soangetaha Clubs. His 
 wife is a devoted member of the Presbyterian church. They are prominent in 
 the social circles of Galesburg and their own home is a favorite resort with 
 many friends. Coming to the new world in early manhood, Mr. Cameron util- 
 ized his opportunities to the best advantage and now enjoys an enviable reputa- 
 tion as one of the most prosperous and esteemed citizens of his community. ., 
 
 V.; ' /; ;/ . GEORGE L. STEPHENSON. / ; v.^'^;: '- 
 
 George L. Stephenson, a representative of the mercantile interests of Knox 
 
 county, has a flourishing store at Oneida and has been a prominent factor in 
 
 the political and social life of this community with which he has been identified 
 
 ; , since 1865. Born in Kirkbright, Scotland, October 20, 1838, he is a son of 
 
 George and Isabella (McMillan) Stephenson, who left their home in Scotland, 
 
 in 1850, for a new one in America. Mr. Stephenson was a farmer and came to 
 
 ; Illinois on account of the excellent agricultural opportunities, settling in Copley 
 
 township where he bought at the outset forty acres of land. Later he increased 
 
 ; his holdings by buying eighty acres more and spent the remainder of his life 
 
 , in the cultivation of this land, death terminating his labors in 1884. He was 
 
470 HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY ;V 
 
 twice married, George L. Stephenson being a son of his first wife, who died in 
 1862. His second wife is also deceased. 
 
 George L. Stephenson was the sixth of a family of eight children of whom 
 one died in infancy. He received the usual education available in a country 
 school and when able to support himself took up agriculture until 1863. He 
 then came to Oneida village, engaging in the grocery business for two years, 
 which position he gave up for clerking, remaining, however, only for a short 
 time in this vocation, when he went into another department of the mercantile 
 business with C. F. Matteson, who was conducting a clothing and men's fur- 
 nishings establishment. Three or four years later he saw his chance of open- 
 ing a profitable business on his own account and became the owner of a general 
 store carrying dry goods, clothing, men's furnishings and the usual stock in 
 trade, and he has been properously engaged in this enterprise ever since. He 
 has also ably acted in the capacity of auctioneer for over forty years. 
 
 On October 26, 1866, Mr. Stephenson was united in marriage, in Copley town- 
 ship, to Miss Grace L. Stewart, a native of Scotland, her father being engaged 
 in the furniture business in Glasgow. Five children were born of this union:. 
 Frank S., a farmer in Walnut Grove township, who is married and has five 
 children, three boys and two girls ; Milton J., who is married and employed as a 
 railroad man in Chicago and has had a high-school education; Grace, the wife 
 of David N. Olson, an undertaker and embalmer, who lives in Evanston, Illi- 
 nois ; Jessie, who lives at home and takes care of her mother ; and Harry H., 
 a graduate of Knox College, who died August 15, 1907. 
 
 Mr. and Mrs. George L. Stephenson are members of the Presbyterian church 
 of Oneida. In his political sympathies Mr. Stephenson votes with the republi- 
 cans and, his townspeople recognizing in him a citizen well qualified to hold public 
 office, have called him to serve again and again. He was mayor of the village 
 for ten years, and acted on the council for a number of years, while he filled 
 the position of town supervisor for seventeen years, during ten of which he 
 presided as chairman. He is active in the Masonic order, being a member of 
 the Oneida Lodge, F. & A. M., and was a member of the Galesburg Chapter, 
 but withdrew from there and helped organize the Oneida chapter. He is an 
 ardent worker in the Galesburg Commandery, and is associated with the Medinah 
 Temple of the Mystic Shrine at Chicago. Mr. Stephenson is a man of strong 
 personality and has a gift for making friends, in whose aflfections he holds a high 
 place and by whom he is regarded as a man of absolute integrity. 
 
 j ALBFRT L. SQUIRES. .;:; - 
 
 For more than forty years Albert L. Squires has been associated with agri- 
 cultural interests in Knox county. He was born in Trumbull county, Ohio, Feb- 
 ruary 25, 1845, his parents being Ira and Caroline (Stewart) Squires. Passing 
 his boyhood in his native land, he was scarcely out of school, when he was 
 fired with enthusiasm at the outbreak of the Civil war and enlisted in Ashtabula 
 county, Ohio, with Company I, Twenty-ninth Ohio Volunteer Infantry, One 
 Hundred and Twenty-fifth Corps, Second Division, sen'ing under General 
 
//;;';;,;:: HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY ^ : ;;r^ ' 
 
 Hooker, for three years. His company, of which James J. Smith was the cap- 
 tain, fought with General Meade in the battle of Gettysburg. He was honorably 
 discharged in 1865, at the close of the war, and returned to his home in Ohio, 
 assisting with the work of the fields for several years. In 1868 he came to 
 Knox county, Illinois, to visit his sister, Mrs. Alexander Gehring. Being pleased 
 with the agricultural prospects in Knox county, he remained here and engaged 
 in farming, which he has pursued ever since. 
 
 In 1865 Mr. Squires was united in marriage to Miss Jane Howland, a 
 daughter of Fred Howland, originally from Connecticut, but later a resident of 
 Ohio. Two children were born to Mr. and Mrs. Squires. Mary Luella, residing 
 in Cherry Valley, Ohio, is the wife of David Robinson, a farmer, and has eight 
 children. Kate, a resident of Niles, Ohio, is the wife of George Champlain, 
 a carpenter, and has seven children. The wife of Mr. Squires i>assed away in 
 1908, at the age of sixty-seven years. He is a member of the .Methodist Epis- 
 copal church of Wataga, Illinois. Fraternally he is associated with Lodge No. 
 589, I. O. O. F., of Wataga, and J. D. Shields Post, No. 45, G. A. R., of Gales- 
 burg. Ever faithful in the performance of his duties, he has found much enjoy- 
 ment in his work and in the pleasant home of his sister, .Mrs. Gehring, he passes 
 his life quietly and with contentment of spirit. ; , s ,..-;, 
 
 V ;-: JOHN MAGNUS APPLEGREN. . '-;;.. : 
 
 John Magnus Applegren, who has long been successfully identified with the 
 commercial activities of Wataga. was born in Alfta, Gefieborg Laen, Sweden, 
 on October lo, 1848. His father, Johann Frederick Applegren, was born on 
 the loth of August, 1826, was one of the prominent and well known men in his 
 province. All his life he was connected with the op>eration of a tannery on 
 his ancestral estate, where he was living when he passed away at the age of 
 eighty-five years. He organized in his native town an insurance company of 
 which he was secretary for forty-five years, and upon his retirement was pre- 
 sented by the members of the company and the policyholders with a loving 
 cup valued at one thousand dollars. He was a member of the Lutheran church 
 and a representative of the government for his province. He was married 
 three times, his first union being with Miss Elizabeth Lunn, a daughter of J. 
 Lunn, an officer in the Swedish army. She passed away in 1851, leaving two 
 children : John Magnus, our subject ; and Peter Fred Applegren. For his sec- 
 ond wife Mr. Applegren chose Miss Karen Johnson, who died in 1858. Of 
 this union there was born one son, Andrew Gustave, a wholesale merchant in 
 Sweden. Mr. Applegren's next marriage was with Miss Anna Elizabeth Sorl- 
 ing, and unto them were born four children : Anna, Johanna, Breta and Maria, 
 all of whom are residents of Sweden. The paternal grandparents of our sub- 
 ject were Johann Magnus and Margaret Applegren. The former, who was a 
 native of Falun. Sweden, passed away in 1854 at the age of fifty-five years, but 
 his wife, whose birth occurred in 1797, lived until 1887. He was the founder 
 of the large tannery on his estate, which is still owned and operated by the 
 family. ..::'. :....:.. --. ..:.-.'..'.-. ,\. :.;;::-, v . v-- --v. -/-- . .:,' :.-,-- 
 
472 HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY v : 
 
 The school days of John Magnus Ap^legren, who was reared at home, were 
 terminated at the age of fifteen years when he was sent out by his father to 
 buy and trade leather and hides. Later he assisted in the general store main- 
 tained and conducted for the benefit of the employes of their factory, serving 
 in this capacity until he was nineteen when he took passage for America. Upon 
 his arrival in this country he made his way inland to Wataga, and here engaged 
 in farming until 1874, when he entered the store of H. P. Woods. He remained 
 there for ten years and then went to work in the railway carshops, but after 
 following this for two years returned to his former employment. After being 
 identified with this business for another decade he made a trip to Sweden and 
 upon his return together with a Mr. Sundberg bought a mercantile establish- 
 ment in Wataga. This connection continued until 1902, when Mr. Applegren 
 bought his partner's interest and took his son into the business. 
 
 In 1874 was celebrated the marriage of -Mr. Applegren to Miss Mary Peter- 
 son, who was born on the I5th of April, 1853, a daughter of Jonas and Christina 
 (Hedman) Peterson, the father one of the pioneer settlers of Knox county, 
 where for many years he engaged in farming. Both parents are now deceased, 
 the mother having passed away in 1904. Of the marriage of Mr. and Mrs. 
 Applegren there has been born one son, Fred, whose birth occurred on May 
 2, 1875. He is unmarried and has been associated in business with his father 
 for nine years. He belongs to the Masonic order, being a member of Wataga 
 Lodge, No. 291, A. F. & A. M., of which he was secretary in 1910, and he is 
 also affiliated with the Modern Woodmen of America Camp, No. 3229, Wataga, 
 and served several years as clerk of the local order. 
 
 Mr. Applegren gives his political support to the men and measures of the 
 democratic party, the policy of which he fully endorses, but he has never been 
 an office seeker, always having preferred to concentrate his energies upon the 
 development of his personal interests, in which he has met with a goodly degree 
 of success. . . / - ... ;;:-;;-. :;.--. 
 
 -' :..v;:v;-.-' AMES A. BARLOW, v' ^;^V^.'V\ ..;-;;;':-:'".:; 
 
 Ames A. Barlow has become well known in real-estate circles in Galesburg, 
 handling both city and farm property. His intellect early grasped the eternal 
 truth that industry wins, and industry became the beacon light of his life. It 
 has prompted him to become thoroughly acquainted with every phase of the 
 business in which he engages and to have a knowledge of all the property that 
 is upon the market and the valuation thereof. Because he has done this he has 
 been enabled to negotiate many important realty transfers and now has a large 
 and gratifying clientage. 
 
 Mr. Barlow is a native of Lafayette, Stark county, Illinois, bom February 
 25, 1857, although he has lived in Knox county ever since he was three years 
 old. His parents were Gideon A. and Martha B. (Peterson) Barlow. The 
 father was born in Sullivan county. New York, July i8, 1833, while the mother's 
 birth occurred in Sweden, October 8, 1837. The former was a son of Nathan 
 Barlow, who was likewise born in the Empire state and was a farmer by occupa- 
 
AMES A. BARLOW 
 
472 HISTORY OF KXOX COUNTY 
 
 The school days of John Magnus Applegren, who was reared at home, were 
 terminated at the age of fifteen years when he was sent out by his father to 
 buy and trade leather and hides. Later he assisted in the general store main- 
 tained and conducted for the benefit of the employes of their factory, serving 
 in this capacity until he was nineteen when he took passage for America. Upon 
 his arrival in this country he made his way inland to VVataga, and here engaged 
 in farming until 1874, when he entered the store of H. P. Woods. He remained 
 there for ten years and then went to work in the railway carshops, but after 
 following this for two years returned to his former employment. After being 
 identified with this business for another decade he made a trip to Sweden and 
 upon his return together with a Mr. Sundberg bought a mercantile establish- 
 ment in Wataga. This connection continued until 1902, when Mr. Applegren 
 bought his partner's interest and took his son into the business. 
 
 In 1874 was celebrated the marriage of Mr. Applegren to Miss Mary Peter- 
 son, who was born on the i5th of April, 1853, ^ daughter of Jonas and Christina 
 (Hedman) Peterson, the father one of the pioneer settlers of Knox county, 
 where for many years he engaged in farming. Both parents are now deceased, 
 the mother having passed away in 1904. Of the marriage of Mr. and Mrs. 
 Applegren there has been born one son, Fred, whose birth occurred on May 
 2, 1875. He is unmarried and has been associated in business with his father 
 for nine years. He belongs to the ^Masonic order, being a member of Wataga 
 Lodge, Xo. 291, A. F. & A. 'M., of which he was secretary in 1910. and he is 
 also affiliated with the Modern Woodmen of America Camp, Xo. 3229, Wataga, 
 and served several years as clerk of the local order. 
 
 Mr. Applegren gives his political support to the men and measures of the 
 democratic party, the policy of which he fully endorses, but he has never been 
 an office seeker, always having preferred to concentrate his energies upon the 
 development of his personal interests, in which he has met with a goodly degree 
 of success. 
 
 V AMES A. BARLOW. 
 
 Ames A. I'.arlou- has become well known in real-estate circles in Galesburg, 
 handling both city and farm property. His intellect early grasped the eternal 
 truth that industry wins, and industry became the beacon light of his life. It 
 has i)romptecl him to become thoroughly acquainted with every phase of the 
 business in which lie engages and to have a knowledge of all the ])roperty that 
 is upon the market and the valuation thereof. P.ecause he has done this he has 
 been enabled to negotiate many important realty transfers and now has a large 
 and gratifying clientage. 
 
 Mr. P.arlow is a native of Lafayette, Stark county. Illinois, bom February 
 25, 1857. although he has lived in Knox county ever since he was three years 
 old. His parents were Gideon A. and Martha B. (Peterson) Barlow. The 
 fatlier was born in Sullivan county, Xew York, July i8, 1833, while the mother's 
 birth occurred in Sweden, October 8. 1837. The former was a son of Xathan 
 Barlow, who was likewise born in the Empire state and was a farmer by occupa- 
 
AMKS A. BAIILOXV 
 
: . : ^ 'n-;. . ;, ; HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY -: - 476 
 
 tion. In the year 1844 he removed westward with his family, establishing^ his 
 home in Illinois when his son Gideon was but eleven years of age. The latter 
 worked on his father's farm through the period of his minority and afterward 
 took up the same line of business on his own account, following that occupation 
 until he retired, a few years prior to his death. He worked diligently and per- 
 sistently to cultivate his fields and make them productive and in time they returned 
 to him a substantial competence. He passed away, December lo, 1898, in Galva, 
 Illinois, where his widow is still living. There he was recognized as a valued 
 and representative citizen and enjoyed the respect and good-will of all with whom 
 he came in contact. In politics he was always a republican for he came to his 
 majority about the time that the republican party sprang into existence. He filled 
 a number of township offices and in all connections of vital interest to the com- 
 munity manifested a public-spirited devotion to the general good. He was a 
 member and trustee of the Baptist church, to which his wife also belongs. They 
 were married on the 2Oth of May, 1856, and became the parents of eight chil- 
 dren : Ames A., Frederick W. and Gideon B., who are residents of Galva ; Ada 
 L., the wife of John W. Swickard, of Galesburg; Edgar Sherman, who is living 
 in Kewanee, Illinois ; John F., a resident of Kansas City, Missouri ; Forest S. 
 and Lewis W., both of Galva. 
 
 Ames A. Barlow pursued his education jn the Galva schools and after he 
 had finished the high-school course there, pursued a commercial course in Daven- 
 port, Iowa. He then became an active factor in the further development and 
 improvement of his father's farm and so continued until the 2d of December, 
 1902, when he entered the county treasurer's office to serve for a period of four 
 years. He proved a faithful custodian of the public funds, carefully and syste- 
 matically discharging the duties of his position, and upon the expiration of his 
 term of office he received the commendation of all concerned. He then began 
 operating in the field of real estate, in which he still continues, handling both 
 city property and farm lands, together with realty in Florida. He brings to 
 bear a most enterprising and progressive spirit and is largely regarded as an 
 authority upon anything pertaining to real estate in Knox county. 
 
 On the I7th of August, 1879, Mr. Barlow was married to Miss Celinda S. 
 Hathaway, a daughter of Arthur F. and Jane (Mowatt) Hathaway, of Galva. 
 Her father was a native of Salem, Massachusetts, born October 21, 1821, and her 
 mother's birth occurred in Montreal, Canada, Mr. Hathaway became a lumber 
 dealer of Galva, where he took up his abode in 185^, remaining actively in busi- 
 ness there until he retired, about twenty years prior to his death, which oc- 
 curred on the 8th of August, 1894. He had for two years survived his wife, who 
 died in 1892. He voted with the republican party and served as supervisor and 
 in other township offices ; but whether in office or out of it he was always loyal 
 to the best interests of the community and gave his active cooperation to many 
 projects for the general gtx)d. Unto him and his wife were born four children : 
 Mrs. Barlow, whose birth occurred in Galva, July lo, 1856; Abbie, who was 
 born November i6, 1860, in Galva, where she is still living; Jeptha B., born in ' 
 Galva, March 23, 1863 ; and Jennie, born in Galva, October 5, 1865. The two 
 younger daughters are still residents of their native town. Mr. and Mrs. Bar- 
 low are the parents of three children: Lawrence W., who was born in Galva, 
 I>ecember 14, 1880, resides in Galesburg and is married and has one daughter, 
 
476 V:: HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY ^':J:;/: ^' -I ;;;;: 
 
 Grace. Mabel M., born in Galva, April i, 1883, is the wife of S. R. Scott, of 
 Galesburg, and has two children, Maxine and Genevieve ; Abbie A., born in 
 Galva, July 24, 1894, is yet at home with her parents. . ;.' j '. > 
 
 Politically Mr. Barlow is a republican, having continuously supported the 
 party since attaining his majority. The only office he has held for many years 
 was that of county supervisor and he is never remiss in the duties of citizenship 
 and when his aid and cooperation are sought for the benefit of the community 
 they are freely given. He has attained high rank in Masonry, being a member 
 of the Knight Templar Commandery, the Woodmen and the Elks Lodges. He 
 is also a member of the Elks Qub and of the Galesburg Club, and is ever appre- 
 ciative of the social amenities of life. In manner he is genial and cordial and 
 his many attractive qualities have won for him an extensive circle of warm 
 friends. 
 
 - -'^ :\ \ ALBERT CHESTER KEENER, M. D.' : /:. -V 
 
 Dr. Albert Chester Keener has become well known because of his con- 
 nection with educational interests in central Illinois and his present connection 
 with the medical profession as a practitioner at Altona. He was born July 23, 
 1873, in Biggsville, Henderson county, this state, and represents one of the 
 old families of this section. His grandfather was Marton Keener, who mar- 
 ried Miss Meyers and came with his family to Illinois in 1868, settling near 
 Biggsville, where he followed the occupation of farming. His son, James T. 
 Keener, the father of the Doctor, was born in York county, Pennsylvania, and 
 in his boyhood days devoted his time to the acquirement of an education in the 
 country schools in his native state and also to the work of the fields on the 
 home farm. During the period of the Civil war he drove a team on the canal 
 near the Susquehanna river, being thus employed until the removal of the 
 family to Illinois. His wages were four dollars per month and he frequently 
 tells interesting tales of how he rode the mules many a night upon the tow 
 path. He came with his parents to this state in 1868 and in early manhood 
 learned the plasterer's trade which he followed for a time, but afterward re- 
 turned to the occupation of farming which he followed until his labors had 
 brought to him a substantial competence that he regarded as sufficient to supply 
 him with the necessities and comforts of life throughout his remaining days. 
 He then retired and is now living in Biggsville at the age of sixty years. He 
 married Eliza Jane Edwards, who is now fifty-six years of age. In their family 
 were five children : Charles Lester, a resident of South Dakota ; Mary Blanch. 
 the wife of P. Stevenson, of Monmouth, Illinois ; John Creston, living on the 
 home farm ; and Maud, who is with her parents. 
 
 The other member of the family is Dr. Keener, of this review, who in his 
 boyhood days attended school in Biggsville, Illinois, and afterward took up the 
 profession of teaching, which he followed for eight years and three months 
 following his graduation at Biggsville. He proved a capable educator and 
 made steady progress in this profession until his ability was recognized and 
 he was elected county superintendent of schools. His election furthermore was 
 
^ ^^;C, :^ C^ , ; .; 5 HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY -yc .; 477 
 
 a notable compliment as he is the only democrat that has been elected to this 
 office in Henderson county, a fact which indicates his personal popularity and 
 the confidence reposed in him. He filled the office for four years but two 
 months before the close of his term he entered the Northwestern University 
 Medical School at Chicago, having determined to engage in practice as a life 
 work. There he pursued a four years' course and was graduated in June, 
 1910, being president of his class in the senior "year. In September of the same 
 year he removed to Tower Hill where he entered upon the active practice of 
 his profession but in the following March bought out the practice of Dr. J. H. 
 Conwell, of Altona, where he is now located and is well established in his 
 chosen life work. 
 
 On the loth of June, 1896, Dr. Keener was married to Miss Nannie Magee, 
 who was born in Henderson county, Illinois, February 12, 1873. They have be- 
 come parents of two children. Alberta Faye and Darcy Dale, aged respectively 
 fourteen and eleven years. The parents are members of the Presbyterian church 
 of Altona and are well known socially in the town, having gained many warm 
 friends during the brief period of their residence here. Dr. Keener belongs to 
 the Masonic lodge at Carman, Illinois, and formerly to the Woodman camp at 
 Biggsville but has transfered his membership to Altona. He was also iden- 
 tified with the Mystic Workers at Biggsville and his political support is given 
 to the democratic party. He holds membership with the Phi Qii fraternity and 
 belongs also to the County Medical and State Medical Societies. Through the 
 proceedings of those bodies as well as by private reading and study he keeps 
 in touch with the advanced work being done by the medical profession and in 
 his private practice he holds to high ideals, performing his work with a sense 
 of conscientious obligation. 
 
 /"; .; ' - ;;./.o: ;;.,:;.:. ANDREW RYLANDER. :' v.' ' --/:-^ ^^-^^' ---; 
 
 Andrew Rylander, who is an enterprising farmer of Ontario township, was 
 bom in Sweden, September 19, 1862. His parents were Johanas and Clara 
 (Johnson) Johnson, who spent all their lives in their native country, where the 
 father was engaged in farming. They were zealous members of the Swedish 
 Lutheran church. The father died in 1899 and the mother in 1903. 
 
 Andrew Rylander was reared and received a common-school education in 
 his native country and at the age of fifteen began working on a farm there, 
 where he remained until 1882. At that date he came to America and in the 
 fall of the same year located in Knox county, where he was employed on a farm 
 for eight years. In 1890 he rented a place in Ontario township and engaged 
 in farming it for eighteen years. In 1905 he purchased his present farm of one 
 hundred and sixty-seven acres and moved on it in 1908. He engages in general 
 farming and makes a specialty of raising hogs and cattle. 
 
 On the 1 5th of January, 1897, Mr. Rylander wedded Miss Jennie Holcomb, 
 who was brought from Sweden to America in 1869 by her parents, Haukin 
 and Elsie (Martin) Holcomb, both natives of Blekinge, Sweden, when she was 
 SIX years of age. The parents located in Knox county, where they later pur- 
 
478 HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY 
 
 chased a farm and where the father died in 1884. The mother is now living 
 with a daughter in Kansas. Mr. and Mrs. Rylander have become the parents 
 of three children, all of whom are residing at home. They are: Clell V., who 
 was graduated from a business college ; Floyd E. ; and Carl Milo. 
 
 In politics Mr. Rylander is a republican, and fraternally he is a member of 
 Oneida Lodge, No. 555, M. W. A. He is greatly interested in the cause of 
 education and has served as school trustee for six years. Both he and his wife 
 are members of the Lutheran church at Altona. He possesses keen discernment 
 and in the years of his residence in EJIOX county has gained a handsome meas- 
 ure of success, placing him with the prosperous farmers in this portion of the 
 state. 
 
 ,. ri^-V'- GEORGE GARDNER STEARNS. :^' '/..' ^^^, 
 
 George G. Stearns, deceased, was for some time connected with the agricul- 
 tural interests of Knox county, but prior to his death retired from business, 
 spending the evening of his life in well earned rest. He was bom in Conway, 
 Massachusetts, February 9, 1836, a son of George and Fannie (Arms) Steams,- 
 who were also natives of Conway and spent their entire lives in the east where 
 the father followed the occupation of farming and thus provided a good living 
 for his family. Both he and his wife were consistent and faithful members of 
 the Baptist church and his political indorsement was given to the republican 
 party. In their family were seven children: Isabelle, George G. and Henry, all 
 now deceased ; Clara, the wife of Tyler Harding, of Des Moines, Iowa ; Harriet, 
 who has also passed away ; Fannie, who married John Holcomb, of Conway, 
 Massachusetts ; and Jennie, deceased. 
 
 In the public schools of his native town George G. Stearns pursued his educa- 
 tion and was reared to the work of the farm, early becoming familiar with all 
 the duties and labors that fall to the lot of the agriculturist. On leaving New 
 England he removed westward to Indiana, where he lived for a year, and in 1858 
 came to Knox county, turning his attention to farming in the vicinity of Knox- 
 ville. There he resided until i86i, when his patriotic spirit was aroused by the 
 attempt of the south to overthrow the Union and he joined the army, enlisting 
 as a private in the First Illinois Cavalry, with which he served for four years. 
 He was then mustered out with the rank of captain of Company A, of the 
 Seventy-seventh Illinois Infantry. He had served for one year as orderly ser- 
 geant and was captured and for nine months was held as a prisoner of war. 
 His valor and courage won him promotion until he was given command of the 
 company and as its head his personal bravery inspired and encouraged the men 
 who served under him. When the war was over he resumed the pursuits of 
 private life and once more engaged in farming, continuously following that pur- 
 suit until about twelve years prior to his death, when he retired to private life 
 and made his home in Knoxville. He always gave stalwart support to the re- 
 publican party which was the defense of the Union during the dark days of the 
 Civil war and which he ever believed to be the party of reform and progress. 
 He held membership in the Grand Army of the Republic and thus maintained 
 
GEORGE G. STEARXS 
 
478 HISTORY OF KXOX COUNTY 
 
 chased a farm and where the father died in 1884. The mother is now living 
 with a daughter in Kansas. Mr. and Mrs. Rylander have become the parents 
 of three children, all of whom are residing at home. They are: Clell V., who 
 was graduated from a business college ; Floyd E. ; and Carl Milo. [ . 
 
 In politics Mr. Rylander is a republican, and fraternally he is a member of 
 Oneida Lodge. Xo. 555, M. W. A. He is greatly interested in the cause of 
 education and has served as school trustee for six years. Both he and his wife 
 are members of the Lutheran church at Altona. He possesses keen discernment 
 and in the years of his residence in Knox county has gained a handsome meas- 
 ure of success, placing him with the prosperous farmers in this portion of the 
 state. 
 
 GEORGE GARDXER STEARXS. ' .' . 
 
 George G. Stearns, decease<l, was for some time connected with the agricul- 
 tural interests of Knox county, but prior to his death retired from business, 
 spending the evening of his life in well earned rest. He was born in Conway, 
 ^Massachusetts, February 9, 1836, a son of George and Fannie (Arms) Stearns,- 
 who were also natives of Conway and spent their entire lives in the east where 
 the father followed the occupation of farming and thus provided a good living 
 for his family. Pioth he and his wife were consistent and faithful members of 
 the liaptist church and his political indorsement was given to the republican 
 party. In their family were seven children : Isabelle, George G. and Henry, all 
 now deceased : Clara, the wife of Tyler Harding, of Des Moines. Iowa : Harriet, 
 who has also passed away ; Fannie, who married John Holcomb. of Conway, 
 Massachusetts ; and Jennie, deceased. 
 
 In the public schools of his native town George G. Steams pursued his educa- 
 tion and was reared to the work of the farm, early becoming familiar with all 
 the duties and labors that fall to the lot of the agriculturist. On leaving Xew 
 England he removed westward to Indiana, where he lived for a year, and in 1858 
 came to Knox county, turning his attention to farming in the vicinity of Knox- 
 ville. There he resided until i86i, when his patriotic spirit was aroused by the 
 attempt of the south to overthrow the Union and he joined the army, enlisting 
 as a private in the First Illinois Cavalry, with which he served for four years. 
 He was then mustered out with the rank of captain of Company A. of the 
 Seventy-seventh Illinois Infantry. He had served for one year as orderly ser- 
 geant and was captured and for nine months was held as a prisoner of war. 
 His valor and courage won him promotion until he was given command of the 
 company and as its head his personal bravery inspired and encouraged the men 
 who served under him. When the war was over he resumed the pursuits of 
 private life and once more engaged in farming, continuously following that f)ur- 
 suit until about twelve years prior to his death, when he retired to private life 
 and made his home in Knoxville. He always gave stalwart support to the re- 
 publican party which was the defense of the L'nion during the dark days of the 
 Civil war and which he ever believed to be the party of reform and progress. 
 He held membership in the Grand Army of the Republic and thus maintained 
 
(;i-:oi!(;K c;. STKAKNS 
 
^i:\-^:-':y^-,^^^^^^^ HISTORY. OF KNOX COUNTY : . / :'''f:.:,-^-'" 481 
 
 pleasant relations with the boys in blue. He was also an exemplary representa- 
 tive of the Masonic fraternity and his religious faith was evidenced in his mem- 
 bership in the Presbyterian church. He died August 8, 1898, and in 1906 his 
 widow removed to Galesburg, where she still lives. 
 
 It was on the 2d of October, 1865, soon after his return from the war, that 
 Mr. Stearns was united in marriage to Miss Lucy Runkle, a daughter of Eldirt 
 and Nancy (Bowen) Runkle, of Knoxville, who were natives of New York and 
 were married in the Empire state. Her father was a mill man by occupation and 
 came to the west when this region was still a pioneer district, settling at Knox- 
 ville in 1835. There he followed the occupation of farming until his death, 
 which occurred in June, 1865, and during the intervening period of thirty 
 years his labors constituted an element in the substantial development and prog- 
 ress of the locality in which he lived. He was a republican in his political views 
 and in his religious faith was a Presbyterian. His wife long survived him and 
 died in October, 1890, at the advanced age of eighty-one years. In their family 
 were six children but only Mrs. Stearns, who was born in Knoxville, is now 
 living. She was the fourth in order of birth. The others were Elizabeth, James, 
 Mary H., George and Frank. 
 
 To Mr. and Mrs. Stearns there were born five children, namely: George E., 
 of Olympia, Washington; Arthur D., residing in Galesburg; Fred R., of Omaha. 
 Nebraska; Fannie, the wife of Henry Carl, of Hatfield, Massachusetts; and 
 Mary, who married Fred Holloway, their residence being at 997 North Broad 
 street, Galesburg. ' Mr. Stearns was nearly sixty-two years of age when called 
 to his final rest. He had lived an active, -busy and useful life and his death was 
 the occasion of deep regret to many who knew him as well as to his immediate 
 family. He was always reliable in business affairs and straightforward in his 
 dealings and in matters of citizenship he was as true and loyal to his country 
 as when he followed the old flag upon the battle fields of the south. 
 
 :;:^ ,;.;: FRANK c. HOPKINS. :: : '-.' V: -^L . 
 
 Frank C. Hopkins is well known as a representative of the grain trade in 
 Knox county, being manager of the Altona Grain Company. He was bom 
 January 12, 1885, in the town which is still his home, and is a representative 
 of one of the old families of the county, his grandmother, Mrs. Samuel Hopkins, 
 having been one of the first hotel proprietors of Altona. His father, Samuel 
 Hopkins, resided in Altona for many years and in early life engaged in team- 
 ing but afterward became connected with grain buying. At one time he was em- 
 ployed in connection with the elevator at this place and for fifteen years was 
 very prominent as a grain merchant, conducting a large and profitable business. 
 He figured as one of the leading citizens of the town by reason of the extent 
 and importance of his business activities and connections. He married Harriet 
 Pierce, a daughter of D. A. and Sylva Pierce. She had been previously mar- 
 ried, however, and by her first union had one child. Lulu, now the wife of 
 Harry Gehring, a resident fanner of Walnut Grove township, and the mother 
 of one child, Mary Frances Gehring. By her second marriage Mrs. Hopkins 
 
^^'' : HISTORY OF KNOX-COUNTY x ' 
 
 became the mother of six children, all of whom are yet living, namely: Frank, 
 Mabel, Ermma and Blanch, at home ; Arthur, who is following the painter's 
 trade in Altona; and Earl, who is engaged in clerking in Altona. The father 
 died in 1905 at the age of forty-six years ancl the community lost a valued 
 and representative citizen and business man and the family a devoted husband 
 and father. Mrs. Hopkins now makes her home with her son Frank C. and is 
 forty-six years of age. 
 
 Frank C. Hopkins was a pupil in the public schools of Altona through much 
 of the period of his youth, and started out in the business world as a clerk in 
 his native town, being employed in connection with hardware and grocery stores 
 for ten years. He then turned his attention to the grain trade, becoming a 
 buyer for G. S. Dole, whom he thus represented for three years. He after- 
 ward spent a similar period as buyer for the Jackson Grain Company and, in 
 igio, became associated with the Altona Grain Company at Altona as manager. 
 The officers of this company are D. N. McMaster, president ; C. C. Sawyer, 
 secretary; and C. S. Nelson, treasurer. Mr. Hopkins, with varied previous 
 experience, is well qualified to handle the business at this place as general man- 
 ager and keeps in close touch with the grain market. The company finds him 
 an efficient and trustworthy representative and in this connection he has become 
 well known in business circles although one of the younger business men of 
 the county. His fraternal relations are with the Modern Woodmen of America. 
 He is also well known socially in his native town and the surrounding country 
 and many admirable traits of character have made him popular. 
 
 ; - v' HENRY FRANK WILLIS. ,.:;; . 
 
 Henry Frank Willis, president of the Willis Manufacturing Company, man- 
 . - ufacturers of architectural sheet-metal goods, was bom in P'reeport, Ohio, Au- 
 - gust 24, 1854. He is descended in the paternal line from English ancestry al- 
 ; though the family was founded in America at an early day. His grandfather 
 was Isaac Willis, a native of New Jersey, who married Martha Humpers and 
 removed to Ohio, settling in Harrison county where he died when well ad- 
 ' vanced in years. Among his children were George, John, Elizabeth, Alexander, 
 Amos F., Isaac, Charlotte E., William and Joseph. His wife was a daughter 
 of Alexander Humpers, a native of New Jersey, who served as lieutenant in 
 , : the Revolutionary war, enlisting in the Fifth New Jersey Regiment and after- 
 ward reenlisting in the Fifth New York Regiment. 
 
 Isaac Willis, father of our subject, was born May i6, 1822, ere the removal 
 
 of the family to Ohio, but much of his youth was spent in the latter state 
 
 . = where he learned and followed the shoemaker's trade. He came to Illinois in 
 
 1856, settling first at Ipava, Fulton county, where he conducted a shoe business. 
 
 Subsequently he removed to Havana, Illinois, where he resided for eight years, 
 
 ' ' , and then returned to Ipava where he died in 1875, ^^ the age of fifty-three years, 
 
 \ While a resident of Ohio he had wedded Mary Jane Murphy, a native of that 
 
 state who died May 17, 1857. He was a member of the Society of Friends 
 
 or Quakers while his wife held membership in the Methodist church. They 
 
-v?;V;;S ;:;--: HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY ; >^? *88 , /v 
 
 had a family of three sons and two daughters, of whom two died in early child- 
 hood. The others were: John Montgomery, who died in 1869; Anna Ruhamy, - . -; 
 the deceased wife of William E. Ladd; and Henry Frank, of this review. ;. 
 
 Henry Frank Willis spent his boyhood days in Ipava and Havana, Illinois, . . ; 
 having been but two years old when his parents removed to Ipava. He is in- : ;-. 
 debted to the public-school system for the educational privileges he enjoyed and , 
 after putting aside his text-books, in 1872, learned the harness-maker's traxle at 
 Canton, Illinois, following that pursuit until 1891, when he came to Galesburg 
 and joined his cousin, I. H. Willis, in establishing his present business under the , 
 name of the Willis Manufacturing Company. In 1900 he took over his cousin's : . 
 interest and is now president and chief stockholder in the concern. He has {" 
 since established with him in the business his sons, I. R., J. D., and R. B. ; 
 
 Willis. The company manufactures all kinds of architectural sheet-iron goods 
 and they employ about twenty-five or thirty people, shipping their output to all -. 
 parts of the United States and also to Mexico and Canada. The business is 
 constantly developing in its ramifying trade interests for the modern methods 
 of manufacture employed and the reliable dealings of the house constitute ; ' 
 features in business growth and success. ; . . . ; ' 
 
 Mr. Willis has been married twice. On the I3th of August. 1879, he wedded s^- , ' 
 Miss Mary Fmma Gamble, who was born in Crawford county, Pennsylvania. ;:. 
 and was the daughter of John Gamble. Her father was of Scotch-Irish descent ' { 
 and was born in the north of Ireland, whence he came to America in his boyhood . v/ 
 days. Both he and his wife spent the remainder of their lives in Crawford ' '"' 
 county, Pennsylvania, and reared a family of twelve children all of whom reached f . . 
 years of maturity. This number included Mary Emma, who became the wife ' : 
 of Mr. Willis, by whom she had five children. The eldest. Isaac Ralph, now . . 
 vice president of the Willis Manufacturing Company, married Beatrice Irene r " 
 Hagarty and they have two children, Henry Frank and Beatrice Jean. John 
 D.. treasurer of the Willis Manufacturing Company married Irene Park Camp- . ! 
 bell. Robert Bruce, secretary of the company, married Genevieve Davidson. -' ; 
 Jessie Ann died at the age of two years and Emma Frank, the youngest, is :, ... 
 the wife of Park N. Williams, a resident of Wilcox, Canada. The mother of /, 
 these children died January 30. 1902, at the age of fifty-one years, in the faith :?;. 
 of the Presbyterian church of which she had been a devoted member. On the > ^ 
 7th of March, 1907, Mr. Willis married Miss Mary Eva Wood, who was born . 
 
 at Ipava, Illinois, August 19, 1872. and was the daughter of Mr. and Mrs. . ;. 
 Oliver Wood, who were natives of Ohio and became early settlers of Ipava. 
 Her father was a soldier in the Civil war. going to the front as musician but .; .- 
 returning as hospital steward. He is still living at Ipava but Mrs. Wood, who ;. - ; 
 in her maidenhood was Miss Sarah Elizabeth Farquhar, died there in i88i. > 
 Their children were Joseph Russell, Ann Elizabeth, Mary Eva, Katharine and :' ' 
 Susanna. The death of Mrs. Mary Eva Willis occurred December i6th, 1910, ; 
 when she was but thirty-eight years of age. She left one child, a daughter, y 
 Sarah Louise, born October 21, 1908. 
 
 Mr. Willis is a member of the Presbyterian church, as were both of his 
 his wives, and in the work of the church he is much interested, contributing 
 generously to its support. He belongs to Veritas Lodge, I. O. O. F., also to ^ 
 the Modern Woodmen Camp. His position concerning political questions has 
 
-:-:::.: HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY - -' 
 
 never been an equivocal one. He is a republican and while residing in Fulton 
 county he served as village clerk of Ipava and was city treasurer of Astoria 
 and also supervisor from Astoria township. There have been no spectacular 
 phases in his life. He has pursued the even tenor of his way, quietly and cap- 
 ably conducting his business interests, his energy, careful management and 
 determination constituting salient forces which have brought him substantial suc- 
 cess. At the same time he belongs to that class of citizens who promote the public 
 prosperity in advancing individual interests. . :.; '>.':;! 1' ;';''. 
 
 , ;^:: :\:.<.:V:v;;. / . ' G. W. DUNBAR, ^,.. :'';' ./^^^ ''''.:'.'': 
 
 G. W. Dunbar is one of the successful and progressive farmers of Hender- 
 , son township. He was born in La Fayette, Stark county, Illinois, March 8, 
 1846, his parents being George and Millie (Collins) Dunbar, both natives of 
 Kentucky, who came to Illinois in 1826 and settled in Stark county on a farm 
 which they had previously purchased. Twenty-two years later they removed 
 to Knox county and again engaged in agricultural pursuits, continuing here up 
 to the time Mr. Dunbar retired from active life. His death occurred in Gales- 
 burg in 1903.. In politics he was a republican and looked upon the policies of 
 that party as being most conducive to efficient government. In religious faith 
 he was a member of the Free Methodist church. 
 
 G. W. Dunbar received his education in the common schools, and in March, 
 . 1864, enlisted in Company K, Eighty-third Regular Illinois Volunteers, serving 
 until the close of the war. He was discharged at Springfield, Illinois, in July, 
 1865, and immediately engaged in farming. At the age of twenty-one years he 
 started upon his indef>endent career by purchasing the farm upon which he 
 still resides and which comprises one hundred and thirty acres. He carries on 
 general farming and also raises cattle and hogs. In addition to his agricultural 
 pursuits, for thirty years he has engaged in the machine and threshing business. 
 The well developed condition of his farm and the profitable crops which he 
 harvests annually attest to his ability as an agriculturist. ,>l . ' 
 
 Mr. Dunbar has been twice married. In September, 1867, occurred his 
 marriage to Nancy Hogan, the daughter of William and Martha Hogan, natives 
 of Knox county, where Mr. Hogan owned a sawmill. They are both deceased. 
 Mr. and Mrs. Dunbar were the parents of three children, only one of whom 
 survives, Mrs. Eva Henderson, who is engaged in the dressmaking business. 
 Mrs. Dunbar died in 1871. In 1873 occurred Mr. Dunbar's marriage to Eva 
 McElhaney, the daughter of James and Rose (Dubbs) McElhaney, both de- 
 . ceased. Mr. McElhaney was a harness maker by trade and resided in Knox 
 county. To Mr. and Mrs. Dunbar three children were born, namely: Vema, 
 who is the wife of Henry Barr, a coal miner, and resides in Mathersville, Illi- 
 nois; Lola, who is the wife of R. E. Davidson, a merchant of Henderson, by 
 whom she has one child, Doris; and Archie, an agriculturist, who is married 
 and resides in Henderson. .<.,'' 
 
 Mr. Dunbar is a republican, and is a member of the Methodist church. His 
 activities have always been along the lines of progress, and the well developed 
 
.'. \'^;'- HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY 4" ^ . 485 
 
 condition of his farm is indicative of his successful agricultural methods. Hav- 
 ing been a resident of Knox county during practically his whole life, he has 
 been identified with many of the plans for improvement in the county and in 
 every undertaking has proven his worth and ability. 
 
 -: . ^*;'y; WILLIAM E. - 
 
 E. Dunn, who is living retired on his farm located on section 24, 
 Rio township, was born in Lewis county. New York, on the 24th of May, 1852. 
 He is a son of Frederick J. and Susan P. (Wetmore) Dunn, who were born 
 and reared in Oneida county, New York, the father's natal day being May 22, 
 1819. They were married 1847 or 1848, continuing to make their home in the 
 Empire state until 1853, when they came to Knox county, locating on a farm in 
 Ontario township. When they first settled here the father worked in a saw- 
 mill in Rio township, but he subsequently purchased a farm to the further de- 
 velopment of which he devoted his energies for many years. He was given the 
 advantages of a good education and taught school during his younger days 
 both in his native state and Knox county. During the war he was collector 
 in the country and after the close of hostilities he entered the ministry of the 
 United Brethren church, but continued to operate his farm. In the early '6os 
 he was ordained and thereafter gave his entire attention to his ministerial 
 duties. Mr. Dunn, who has attained the venerable age of ninety-three years, 
 now makes his home in Knoxville, where he has been residing since 1907. The 
 mother, however, died on March 24, 1864 and in 1865, the father married Maria 
 Rine, of Henderson township, this county. She was a native of Pennsylvania 
 and of German parentage. She passed away in February, 1894, and in 1896, 
 Mr. Dunn was united in marriage to his present wife, formerly Miss Maggie 
 Wolloch. Four children were born to Mr. Dunn and his first wife, our subject 
 being the second in order of birth, and two of his second marriage. The paternal 
 grandfather was David Dunn, who was born in the Empire state on Noveniber 
 14, 1791. He came to Knox county in 1853 and passed the rest of his life in 
 this county, where he engaged in farming. :-.--;'.-' 
 
 As he was only a child one year of age when his parents brought him to 
 Knox county, the memories of William E. EKinn's entire life are associated with 
 the scenes familiar to his manhood. He was educated in the district schools, 
 and immediately after laying aside his text-books gave his entire attention to 
 farming. Agricultural pursuits have ever engaged his attention with the excep>- 
 tion of three years, when he worked on the railroad and also followed the car- 
 penter's trade. He is now living on the old home farm, containing eighty acres, 
 which is being operated by his son. Here for many years, Mr. Dunn engaged 
 in general farming and stock-raising, and was extensively engaged in the feeding 
 and marketing of hogs. 
 
 On the 5th of March, 1885, he was united in marriage to Miss Addie C. 
 Haskins, a daughter of Cyrus and Harriet (Case) Haskins. The maternal 
 grandparents were Erastus and Parmelia (Graf ton) Case, who came west and 
 passed their latter days with Mr. and Mrs. Haskins. The families originally 
 
486 HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY ' ' 
 
 came from Vermont, whence they removed to Illinois, Mr. and Mrs. Raskins 
 locating on a farm in Ontario township, Knox county, in 1853. Two sons have 
 been bom to Mr. and Mrs. Dunn. Roswell E., who received a high-school 
 education, married Hattie Carr of Ontario township, a daughter of the Rev. 
 James S. Carr, minister of the Ontario Congregational church, and they have 
 two children : Maurice and Ralph. Oark A., who is the younger, is living at 
 home. 
 
 Mr. and Mrs. Dunn hold membership in the Congregational church of Ontario 
 township, and fraternally he is a member of Oneida Lodge, No. 337, F. & A. 
 M. and also the Knights of Pythias. His political support he gives to the re- 
 publican party and has always taken an active interest in affairs of the town- 
 ship. He was school director for fifteen years and trustee for three, while for 
 five he discharged the duties of assessor. Mr. Dunn continues to live on the 
 farm but has retired from the active work of the fields, which are now being 
 cultivated by his eldest son. The greater part of his life has been passed in 
 the immediate vicinity of his present home, where he enjoys a large and favor- 
 able acquaintance. : ..^: ; ':... "i.:. :.;- 
 
 ^' ;:;i^: ISRAEL JOHN HARRIS. x^;\;: 
 
 A prominent citizen of Abingdon and one whose family name has been con- ; , 
 nected with the history of this locality for four decades past, is Israel John Harris, ^ ; 
 a member of the firm of Craig & Harris ; stone cutters and dealers in monuments. ^^ >' 
 He traces his lineage back five generations to colonial days in the early part of .--,';, 
 the eighteenth century and to the days of the American Revolution, when one .? 
 of his ancestors brought luster to the family name by his unfaltering devotion to ' ' 
 the American cause and his prowess throughout the struggle. Israel John Har- 
 ris was the son of Joseph and Matilda C. (Hart) Harris. His father, Joseph : 
 Harris, was a son of James and Rebecca C. (Jennings) Harris, a grandson of 
 Israel and Betsy (Mead) Harris, a great-grandson of Israel and Sarah (Morse) 
 Harris, and a great-great-grandson of John and Rachel (Moss) Harris. Of / 
 these antecedents Israel Harris, the great-great-grandfather of the present mem- 
 ber of the family bearing this name, was born at Cornwall, Connecticut, on Feb- 
 ruary i6, 1746. Concerning his participation in the war of the Rebellion the 
 Old Northwest, a genealogical quarterly, of April, 1898, has the following to : 
 say: "In May, 1775, he joined the famous body of young patriots afterwards 
 known as the Green Mountain Boys and, as orderly sergeant, assisted in the dar- 
 ing rush to and the capture of Fort Ticonderoga, serving with Seth Warner and 
 probably sharing later in the outlawry of the leaders of the regiment which by 
 its success opened the way for the ill-fated expedition of Montgomery and fur- 
 nished supplies for the siege of Boston. He was still with Warner's forces when 
 that commander joined General Stark near Bennington, Vermont, in the late sum- 
 mer of 1777 and defeated the efforts of Colonel Baum to seize the supplies laid 
 up at that place for the patriot forces, a defeat which caused the surrender of 
 Burgoyne at Saratoga two months later. Early in 1778 he was made lieutenant 
 and for bravery on the battlefield given his commission as captain in the Old 
 
MUS. I. .1. IIAIMds 
 
I. .1. IIAKItIS 
 
HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY > 491 
 
 Continentals in 1779. In October, 1780, owing to complete disability, the result 
 of wounds and exposure, he was honorably discharged and returned to his for- 
 mer home where he remained until 1782, when he removed to Rutland, Ver- 
 mont. His record as a brave soldier and, above all, his connection with the most 
 famous band of partisan troops the north could boast of, made him an instant 
 leader in that village and one of its most influential citizens." 
 
 Israel J. Harris, the subject of this bic^raphy, who is justly proud of the 
 honorable record of his illustrious forefathers, was born in Elba township, Knox 
 county, Illinois, October 24, 1857. His father was born in Montgomery county, 
 Ohio, April 17, 1827, and his mother was bom in Preble county, Ohio, August 
 6, 1829. They were married in Rochester, Peoria county, Illinois, where his 
 mother was living at the time, having accompanied her parents thither when she 
 was a child. His father came to Illinois in 1853, when a young man, and located 
 on the west half of section 21, in Elba township, Knox county, where he bought 
 three hundred and twenty acres of land which he cultivated. From time to time 
 he increased his holdings by additional purchases until he owned at one time five 
 quarter sections. Here he resided until the fall of 1868 when he removed to a 
 farm west of Abingdon, living there one year. Then he came to Abingdon to 
 reside, remaining there until his death April 20, 1883. His wife died October 
 13, 1901. His father was a republican in politics and served one term as justice 
 of the peace in 1856. He voted for Lincoln when elected for the first term. 
 He was a member of the Christian church and, while the war was in progress, 
 on account of his rigid religious scruples, came to the stern conviction that war 
 was wrong. Having taken this stand, he went one step further and, feeling his 
 opposition to the national policy of union even at the cost of war, he volun- 
 tarily denied himself the right of the ballot. For this reason he did not vote 
 again for a federal officer until Garfield's campaign when, influenced by the noble 
 Christian life of Garfield, he felt justified in voting for him. 
 
 Israel J. Harris was reared at home and began his schooling in the Elba Center 
 district school. For certain reasons it seemed best to his parents, however, to 
 keep him at home. Consequently he was withdrawn after three days at school 
 and his mother undertook his training and education at home. At the end of 
 the school term it was found that he had advanced in his studies far beyond his 
 sister who had been attending the district school. His mother therefore taught 
 both children after that until their removal to Abingdon, when Israel, then in 
 his twelfth year, was fitted to enter old Abingdon College. During his career in 
 this institution his studies were frequently interrupted on account of ill health, 
 so that he was not quite able to complete the course. As a variation from study- 
 ing he beg^n to teach in 1876, at the age of nineteen, and continued teaching at 
 intervals and attending school until his father's death in 1883. He then took 
 charge of the operation of the farm and pursued agricultural occupations till 
 1889 when he returned to the schoolroom, teaching until the spring of 1896 
 when he was stricken with a complete nervous breakdown making him an invalid 
 for four years. At the end of this time, his health being once more restored, 
 he engaged in his present business of monument dealing and became identified 
 with the firm of Craig & Harris. ' 
 
 The marriage of Mr. Harris and Miss Emma Nelson was solemnized Septem- 
 ber I, 1887. She was a daughter of Swan Nelson, a resident of Knoxville but 
 
 VoL n M 
 
 
492 vl HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY .";:- 
 
 later a farmer of Cedar township near Abingdon, and now deceased. Five chil- 
 dren were born to Mr. and Mrs. Harris and they are in order of their births: 
 Joseph Victor, graduated from the Abingdon high school with the class of 1906, 
 who is a reporter on the Galesburg Mail; Vema Pernella, graduated from the 
 Abingdon high school with the class of 1911, who will enter the teaching profes- 
 sion this fall; Olive Caroline, a member of her sister's class, graduated in 1911, 
 who will either teach or enter college this fall ; Yerda Thresa, who is a student - 
 in high school ; and Israel J., Jr., the youngest in the family. 
 
 Mr. Harris gives his political allegiance to the republicans but has strong 
 prohibition and anti-saloon proclivities. He served for two terms as alderman 
 from the second ward. In his earlier years he was a member of the Christian 
 church, the faith in which he was brought up, but a schism in the church in 
 1883 caused him to leave it. Later he and his family became members of the 
 Congregational church, in which he is a deacon at the present time. For a num- . 
 ber of years he was the superintendent of the Sunday school and on his retire- . 
 ment in 1909 was presented by the school with a handsome silver loving cup 
 which he prizes very highly. He was president of the Knox County Sunday 
 School Association for two years and is now the vice-president of this association. 
 
 The house in which Mr. Harris and his family are now residing and which ; 
 he remodeled in 1902 is the original Harris homestead bought by his father, j 
 Joseph Harris, in 1869. The old Harris farm west of Abingdon has for the 
 most part been laid out in town lots and is now known as the Harris addition of 
 Abingdon. Throughout his career Mr. Harris has been an exponent of a high ' 
 code of business as well as social ethics, living an exemplary life that makes 
 him conspicuously deserving of the public trust placed in him as one of Abing- 
 don's leading citizens. 
 
 CHARLES C. REYNOLDS. 
 
 Charles C. Reynolds was born in Ontario township, on the I4th of June, . ;:> ;^ ..' 
 1870, his parents being Alvah and Susan (Hayden) Reynolds. The father, who -' : 
 was a carpenter by trade, was born on the 22d of May, 1830, at Bedford, West- V ' .<!' 
 Chester county. New York, and the mother's birth occurred in Indiana in 18^39. ';.'. 
 Alvah Reynolds, who has been engaged in agricultural pursuits, followed the '-;;., 
 carpenter's trade for thirteen years after starting to earn his own livelihood ;; .. 
 at the age of sixteen. His marriage occurred in Illinois, on the loth of May, .;/. 
 1859, to Susan Hayden, a daughter of Jonathan and Hulda (Reeves) Hayden, .;'.:. 
 of Henry county, where they settled in 1853. He began his independent agri- . V: | v 
 cultural career by purchasing one hundred and sixty acres of land in Ontario .! . ' , 
 township and was the owner of seven hundred and twenty acres upon his re- ^ ; .;' . 
 tirement. In 1893 he gave eighty acres of land to each of his children and dis- :C 
 continued active farming. He had been most successful in stock-raising and ,' 
 had brought his farm under a high state of cultivation. In politics he is a ,' 
 republican and has served as school director of his district for thirty-six years. --.,;;-; 
 
 Charles C. Reynolds received his education in the common and high schools i v'':V 
 of Oneida, the Abingdon Normal school and Hedding College. After discern- ;^ 
 
:--,;-;' HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY ' . -^--J': 498 
 
 tinuing his studies he engaged in agricultural pursuits and has followed this 
 occupation ever since, at first being employed by his father and later working 
 independently. 
 
 Mr. Reynolds was married on the 25th of December, 1901, to Miss Edith 
 Ward, a daughter of Frank and Nellie (Abernathy) Ward. Mrs. Ward, who 
 was of Scotch descent, belonged to one of the pioneer families of the county, 
 the father having come while the Indians were still here. Mrs. Reynolds' brother 
 Frank is a resident of the township and Amos Ward, who came to the county 
 in 1838, served as county commissioner and as justice of the peace. To Mr. 
 and Mrs. Reynolds four children were bom, Nellie B., M. Ward, Birdice L. and 
 Helen E. Mrs. Reynolds' death occurred in May, 1896, on the home place. 
 
 In politics Mr. Reynolds is a stanch republican, believing that the policies 
 of that party are most conducive to good government. He also holds member- 
 ship in the Christian church of Ontario township and has served as school 
 director in his district. He is one of Ontario township's enterprising men and 
 has contributed much toward the general welfare of the community, where he 
 is held in high esteem and is numbered among its substantial agriculturists 
 and representative citizens. Vr; ;:. v';^ 
 
 ;v, ;<' ' ;'' ^ . . '';.', HARMAN J. KUNKEL. ; ./-^ ' ;W : 'j- ''?'^" ''^'^' 
 
 Harman J. Kurrkel, who owns and operates the largest gristmill not only 
 in Knox county but in this section of the state, is one of Wataga's self-made 
 men, having begun here in his early youth with no capital save his untiring 
 energy and determination. He was born in Cashtown, Adair county, Pennsyl- 
 vania, on the 27th of October, 1872, and is a son of Joseph and Elizabeth (Smith) 
 Kunkel, both of whom are now deceased, the father having passed away in 
 1877 and the mother in 1879. Joseph Kunkel, who was a veteran of the Civil 
 war, was a blacksmith by trade but he had been educated for a music teacher, 
 which vocation he sometimes followed while he also engaged in farming. Five 
 of the children born to Mr. and Mrs. Kunkel are still living, those beside our sub- 
 ject being as follows : Sarah, the wife of George Kadel. now deceased, of 
 Waynesboro, Pennsylvania; Mary, the wife of Harry E. Smith, of Knoxville; 
 John, who is a resident of Gettysburg, Pennsylvania; and Irwin, who is living 
 in Wellsville, Pennsylvania. 
 
 Left an orphan at the age of seven years, Harman J. Kunkel was reared 
 in the county of his birth, whose common schools he attended until he was 
 thirteen, during which time he also worked on a farm. After laying aside his 
 text-books he apprenticed himself to the carpenter's trade, serving for three 
 years, at the expiration of which period he came west. He was only a youth 
 of sixteen when he came to Knox county and first located at Wykofif, near 
 Wataga, where he worked at his trade for fifty cents per day. He subsequently 
 went to Galesburg, where he engaged as carpenter for two years, returning to 
 Wataga, where he farmed until his marriage in 1893. During the succeeding 
 five years he operated a farm in the vicinity of Wataga, but later he bought a 
 place which he has sold, on moving to Wataga, where he is now residing. In 
 
 '',;v^'-/''-::-^ .-.-' ./../:/V'.''V' '"'- .^^:^^^;/!.;/-';-''''.^:^/.'^' '--''(l^ :-. ' ^''-:' '':.'':'' ''':^ 
 
494 HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY -^ 
 
 1907 he purchased a flour and feed mill here and soon thereafter withdrew from 
 his agricultural pursuits, giving his undivided attention to the operation of his 
 mill. This proved to be a very lucrative undertaking and on the 3Oth of March, ' 
 1911, he extended the scope of his activities by becoming the owner of the mill 
 belonging to the estate of Warden & Son. He has one of the finest plants in this 
 part of the state, the capacity being far greater than that of any other mill in 
 his vicinity, while it is fully equipped with all modern machinery. Mr. Kunkel 
 has been very successful in all of his undertakings and in addition to his mill '. 
 is the owner of the electric light plant in Wataga, which he installed in May, 1909. > 
 Such success as has come to him has been the result of his own intelligently 
 directed effort and unceasing application, as he began his career in Knox county ; 
 without either capital or influence, but he possessed those qualities that invar- 
 iably win : industry and determination of purpose. 
 
 Mr. Kunkel's plans for a home of his own had their culmination in his - 
 marriage, in October. 1893. to Miss Minnie A. Morgan, of Wataga. Illinois. 
 Mrs. Kunkel is a daughter of Abram and Elizabeth Morgan, both of whom are 
 now deceased. The father was a coal miner. Of the union of Mr. and Mrs. 
 Kunkel there have been born the following children: Sarah Elizabeth, who is 
 sixteen ; Mary Frances, now fourteen ; John Morgan, who is thirteen ; Beulah 
 Fern, nine years of age ; Harry, who is six ; and George Harman, who has passed . 
 the fourth anniversary of his birth. . ' :- .J , ^"V 
 
 The family attend the services of the Methodist Episcopal church, of which 
 the mother is a member, and Mr. Kunkel is an active member of a large num- , 
 ber of fraternal organizations. He is afliliated with the Masonic order through 
 his membership in Wataga Lodge, No. 291, A. F. & A. M. ; and he is an Odd 
 Fellow, his local connection with this society being through Wataga Lodge, 
 No. 598, L O. O. F., and he also belongs to the Odd Fellows encampment at . 
 Galesburg. The Mystic Workers ; Brotherhood of American Yeomen ; and 
 United Commercial Travelers, Galesburg Lodge, No. 269, claim his affiliation : 
 also. Political activities have never occupied much of Mr. Kunkel's attention 
 his entire time and thought having been concentrated upon the development of 
 his personal interests, in which he has met with notable success. However, 
 he is always ready to g^ve his cooperation or indorsement to any movement he 
 deems qualified to advance the community or to promote municipal enterprises. ; 
 
 ; ; ; v' - ALEXANDER GEHRING. :;':;;.':'.;: 
 
 Alexander Gehring, a well known and successful farmer and stock- raiser of , 
 Sparta township, Knox county. Illinois, is still engaged in cultivating the farm '". 
 on which he has lived for nearly forty-six years. His birth occurred in Baden, 
 Germany, on the ist of EXecember, 1844. His father, Anthony G., was born ., 
 March 12, 1821, and his mother, whose maiden name was Mary Mosier, was ' 
 born June 24, 1823. They came to America and settled in Sparta township in 
 1857. His paternal grandparents were Bennett and Elizabeth (Closman) Gehr- ;. 
 ing and his great-grandparents were Mathias and Susan Gehring. His maternal C 
 grandparents were Jacob and Mary Mosier. Alexander Gehring was the oldest ./ 
 
HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY _.--.'':::,'( 495 
 
 of three children, a sistei who is dead, and a brother named Martin, a fanner 
 in Sparta township, with whom his mother makes her home. 
 
 Alexander Gehring began his education in Germany, continuing his studies for 
 a little time after coming to this country. When a mere boy, at the age of four- 
 teen, he commenced to work on the farm, first for his father and later hiring out 
 to a neighbor. At twenty-one he began to work for himself and in 1867, after 
 his marriage, took possession of the farm which he is now operating. In addi- 
 tion to general fanning he devotes much time to stock-raising in which pursuit 
 he has been very successful. Bom to his calling he loves his work and the in- 
 terests which fill a farmer's life and has no wish to retire while his farm yields 
 him the comfortable income \yhich he now enjoys. 
 
 The marriage of Alexander Gehring to Miss Jerusha Squires, of Trumbull 
 county, Ohio, occurred May 30, 1867. Her father, Ira Squires, was bom in 
 Ireland in iSiS and came to America when six years old. Her mother, Caroline 
 Stewart was born in 1820 of Scotch parentage. When Mrs. Alexander Gehring 
 was three years old her parents died whereupon she was reared by Isaac and 
 Sarah (Hillergast) Baker. She was the granddaughter of Jason and Dorothea 
 (Tew) Squires. Mrs. Gehring has one brother, Albert Squires, who lives at 
 her home. 
 
 In the family of Mr. and Mrs. Alexander Gehring were four children. 
 Carrie, who remained single and was living at home, died in August, 1911, at the 
 age of thirty-four, at Greenville, Pennsylvania, while on a visit. She was a very 
 devout woman and an untiring worker in the Methodist Episcopal church. She 
 was an offi-cer in the missionary society of her church and a member of the 
 Epworth League. Alice, the wife of James Parkinson, a farmer in Kansas, is 
 the mother of five children. Sarah Luella, the wife of Benjamin Morgan of 
 Wataga, Illinois, has four children. Ira Anthony, married to Effie Richmond, 
 lives in Galesburg and is the father of two children. 
 
 The Gehring family holds membership in the Methodist Episcopal church 
 of Wataga, Illinois, in which Mr. Gehring is a steward and a trustee. In hjs 
 political views he is a republican and has always been an ardent worker for his 
 party. He served as roadmaster for several terms and was on the school board 
 three terms. Coming to this locality more than fifty years ago, Alexahder 
 Gehring has not only witnessed the agricultural growth and development of 
 Knox county but has been a large contributor to the prosperity for which this 
 community is noted. , ,y ;- ^ . v :-:, :--., ...... ...-.-: ', .-. ;.:. .- 
 
 -;"'/ V '., ' l "-.' 'OLIVER swANsoN. ;;:.;(;..:,-' . . ,;-'::;.--.,.. . ,., 
 
 '' Oliver Swanson was bom on the i6th of February, 1853, at Solvesborg, a 
 town in the southern part of Sweden, his parents being Swan and Kama (Person) 
 Olson. The father, whose birth occurred in 1825, engaged in agricultural pur- 
 suits in Sweden until his death, which occurred when his son Oliver was a child 
 of but two years. Both mother and father spent their entire lives in Sweden. 
 Oliver Swanson received his education in the common schools of his native land 
 and at the age of eighteen years, after having assisted on the home farm, came 
 
^; 496 " HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY 
 
 to America settling at Woodhull. For a time he worked out by the month and 
 
 ' then came to Ontario township where he settled on a farm in i88i. In 1893 he 
 
 came to his present home. This property consists of eighty acres and has been 
 
 his residence ever since. Although he devotes his time and energy principally 
 
 - to general farming, he also raises shorthorn cattle and feeds hogs and cattle for 
 
 . .the market. In these various branches he is meeting with the success, which is 
 
 the reward of persistent and diligent labor. On the I2th of April, 1879, Mr, 
 
 Swanson was married to Marie Anderson, a resident of Knox county, and 
 
 i a daughter of Anders and Anna (Johnson) Anderson, both of whom were na- 
 
 , - tives of Sweden, where they were engaged in farming. The father died in Sweden 
 
 and the mother came to Henry county, in 1875. They were the parents of five 
 
 / children. To Mr. and Mrs. Swanson three children have been bom : Hattie S., 
 
 who is the wife of William Sebastian, a resident farmer of Henry county; Hart- 
 
 : wick, whose birth occurred in 1884 and who died in January 1905; and Florence, 
 
 who is attending high school in Altona, Illinois. 
 
 ' . ' In politics Mr. Swanson gives his support to the men and measures of the 
 republican party and has served as road commissioner and is assessor at the pres- 
 ent time. In religious faith he holds membership in the Lutheran church of 
 Altona. By his earnest work and diligent application to his agricultural pursuits 
 and by his interest and furthering of all measures pertaining to the higher social 
 and moral development of the community, Mr. Swanson has become recognized 
 as a citizen of substantial and honorable worth. 
 
 ^ ^ FRANKLIN PIERCE TYLER, M. D. : ;; 
 
 ' " ^ _; ^- ,*. 
 
 Dr. Franklin Pierce Tyler, engaged in the general practice of medicine in 
 Galesburg, was born in Rock Island county, Illinois, June 21, 1854, his parents 
 being Dr. Truman Murray and Mary Ann (Cutler) Tyler. The family home 
 was first established in Galesburg in 1862. The father was bom in the state 
 of New York in 1804 and the mother's birth occurred in Massachusetts in i8io. 
 In early manhood he prepared for the practice of medicine and for a time fol- 
 lowed his profession in Ohio, after which he came to Illinois, settling in Illinois 
 City. His next place of residence was in Edgington, this state, and afterward 
 he lived for a time at Rock Island, coming to Galesburg in 1862. Here he 
 opened an office and continued in active practice until his life's labors were 
 ended in death twenty-one years later. He was widely known as a capable 
 physician whose scientific knowledge was supplemented by broad humanitarian 
 principles, thus making his work of great worth in the world. His widow sur- 
 vived him and died at the home of her son. Dr. Tyler, in Clifton, Kansas. Dr. 
 Truman Tyler, Sr., was a democrat in his political views and fraternally was 
 connected with the Masons, which order found him an exemplary representa- 
 tive. Both he and his wife were members of the Universalist church and were 
 people of kindly purpose and of high principles. In their family were three 
 children, Stella Louise, the elder, who died in 1908; and Christopher C., who 
 like our subject is also a resident of Galesburg. 
 
' i. - .: 
 ' , ' , 'rr'. 
 
 DR. F. P. TYLER 
 
496 .; HISTORY OF KXOX COUNTY 
 
 to America settling at Woodhull. For a time he worked out by the month and 
 then came to Ontario township where he settled on a farm in i88i. In 1893 he 
 came to his present home. This property consists of eighty acres and has been 
 his residence ever since. Although he devotes his time and energy principally 
 to general farming, he also raises shorthorn cattle and feeds hogs and cattle for 
 the market. In these various branches he is meeting with the success, which is 
 the reward of persistent and diligent labor. On the i2th of April, 1879, Mr. 
 Swanson was married to Marie Anderson, a resident of Knox county, and 
 a daughter of Anders and Anna (Johnson) Anderson, both of whom were na- 
 tives of Sweden, where they were engaged in farming. The father died in Sweden 
 and the mother came to Henry county, in 1875. They were the parents of five 
 children. To Mr. and Mrs. Swanson three children have been born: Hattie S., 
 who is the wife of William Sebastian, a resident farmer of Henry county; Hart- 
 wick, whose birth occurred in 1884 and who died in January 1905; and Florence, 
 who is attending high school in Altona, Illinois. 
 
 In politics Mr. Swanson gives his support to the men and measures of the 
 republican party and has served as road commissioner and is assessor at the pres- 
 ent time. In religious faith he holds membership in the Lutheran church of 
 Altona. By his earnest work and diligent application to his agricultural pursuits 
 and by his interest and furthering of all measures pertaining to the higher social 
 and moral development of the community, Mr. Swanson has become recognized 
 as a citizen of substantial and honorable worth. . 
 
 X FRANKLIN PIERCE TYLER, M. D. 
 
 Dr. Franklin Pierce Tyler, engaged in the general practice of medicine in 
 Galesburg, was born in Rock Island county, Illinois, June 21, 1854, his parents 
 being Dr. Truman Murray and Mary Ann (Cutler) Tyler. The family home 
 was first established in Galesburg in 1862. The father was born in the state 
 of New York in 1804 and the mother's birth occurred in Massachusetts in i8io. 
 In early manhood he prepared for the i)ractice of medicine and for a time fol- 
 lowed his profession in Ohio, after which he came to Illinois, settling in Illinois 
 City. His next place of residence was in Edgington, this state, and afterward 
 he lived for a time at Rock Island, coming to Galesburg in 1862. Here he 
 opened an office and continued in active practice until his life's labors were 
 ended in death twenty-one years later. He was widely known as a capable 
 physician whose scientific knowledge was supplemented by broad humanitarian 
 princi])les, thus making his work of great worth in the world. His widow sur- 
 vived him and died at the home of her son. Dr. Tyler, in Clifton. Kansas. Dr. 
 Truman Tyler, Sr., was a democrat in his political views and fraternally was 
 connected with the Masons, which order found him an exemjilary representa- 
 tive. P>oth he and his wife were members of the L^niversalist church and were 
 people of kindly purpose and of high jirinciples. In their family were three 
 children, Stella Louise, the elder, who died in 1908; and Christopher C., who 
 like our subject is also a resident of Galesburg. 
 
I)K. !. I'. TVI.Ki; 
 
HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY ^^i ; 490 
 
 Dr. Tyler, Jr., whose name intrcxluces this record, was a lad of but eight 
 years when the family removed to this city, so that his education was largely 
 acquired here. After attending the public schools, he entered Lombard Uni- 
 versity, where he pursued his more specifically literary course. His professional 
 training was received in Rush Medical College, from which he was graduated 
 with the class of 1885. He then went to Clifton, Kansas, where he opened an 
 office and continued in active practice for twelve years. On the expiration of 
 that period he returned to Galesburg, where he still follows his profession as a 
 general practitioner, having comprehensive knowledge of the principles of medi- 
 cine and surgery, while his broad and extended exf>erience has added greatly 
 to his efficiency. 
 
 On the I2th of October, 1886, occurred the marriage of Dr. Tyler and Miss 
 Emilia Brewer Laux, a daughter of Professor Carl Rupert Laux, of Galesburg. 
 The children of this marriage are : Carl Rupert, who was bom in Clifton, Kan- 
 sas, in September, 1887; and Cecil May, also a native of Clifton. Both are 
 still at home. Mrs. Tyler is a member of the First Congregational church and 
 Dr. Tyler holds membership with the Modem Woodmen of America and the 
 Knights and Ladies of Security. His political allegiance is given to the demo- 
 cratic party but without desire for office, his ballot merely expressing his ap- 
 proval of the policies and principles of the party. He belongs to the city and 
 county medical societies and is ever deeply interested in anything that tends to 
 bring to man the key to the mystery of life. He is extremely careful and con- 
 scientious in all of his professional work and his ability has gained for him a 
 liberal patronage. 
 
 f ^ ;: : ^ BENJAMIN THOMAS HART, ^'i^ r ^?;- ; - 
 
 The commercial activity of Altona finds a worthy representative in Benjamin 
 Thomas Hart, who is now proprietor of a drug store. He has conducted this 
 for three years and is accorded a good patronage. He was born at Camp Point, 
 Illinois, December 3, 1877. The early ancestral history of the family has been 
 lost. It is supposed, however, that the great-grandfather was stolen by the 
 Indians and was carried to Kentucky. The grandfather, Thomas W. Hart, 
 was a native of that state. He married Miss Wheeler and they became parents 
 of a son, George M. Hart, who was born in Frankfort, Kentucky, January 29, 
 1837. When a boy of six years he accompanied his parents on their removal to 
 Quincy, Illinois, where his boyhood days were i)assed. He leamed and fol- 
 lowed the cooper's trade and from Quincy removed to Camp Point, Illinois, 
 being at that time twenty years of age. This was some time prior to 1859. ^^ 
 the early '6os he walked from Quincy to Denver, Colorado, starting with an 
 emigrant train that traveled by way of Leavenworth. At length he returned 
 to Camp Point, Illinois, where he engaged in the cooperage business for many 
 years but is now living retired. He married Rhoda Bryant, who also survives 
 and is now sixty-eight years of age, her birth occurring on the 2Oth of July, 
 1843, in Kentucky. She was a daughter of Moses Bryant. Unto him and his 
 wife were born six children of whom Benjamin T. Hart and two sisters are 
 
500 ^ HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY -- " 
 
 now living. The sisters are: Elitha May, the wife of Charles H. Montgomery, 
 of Council Bluffs, Iowa ; and Hazel Gertrude, who is teaching in the Loraine 
 high school. Three of the children died in infancy. 
 
 : Benjamin Thomas Hart spent his youthful days in his parents' home and 
 after his education was over, began clerking in a drug store at Camp Point on 
 the ist of March, 1892. For two years he attended the Chicago College of 
 Pharmacy and, in May, 1899, came to Altona where he conducted a drug bus- 
 iness for two years. He then returned to Chicago where he finished his course 
 of study with the class of 1902. On locating in Altona he engaged in clerking 
 where he now carries on business for himself. He also spent a year in Burt's 
 drug store in Galesburg and in August, 1904, purchased his present drug store 
 at Altona. ' He has also been engaged in the restaurant business at Altona 
 since 1908 and both branches have proven profitable. He has a well appointed 
 and well conducted establishment and his business methods are such as will bear 
 the closest investigation and scrutiny. 
 
 On the 2Oth of April, 1902, Mr. Hart was united in marriage to Miss Eliza- 
 beth Updike, who was born in Altona, February 12, 1879, and is a daughter 
 of Josiah W. and Edith (Van Scyok) Updike, the father a pioneer resident 
 of this county. Unto Mr. and Mrs. Hart have been born two children : Harry 
 Worth, who was born February 8, 1903 ; and Marjory Lois, born December 
 20, 1905. Mr. Hart and his wife are members of the Methodist church of Al- 
 tona and at the present time he is financial secretary of the church. Fraternally 
 he is a Mason, belonging to Altona Lodge, No. 330, F. & A. M. He also holds 
 membership with Altona Camp. No. 3737, -M. W. A., of which he is past con- 
 sul, and he likewise belongs to the Illinois Pharmaceutical Association. He is a 
 young man and yet, in business and in social life, he has made a record which 
 is creditable and enviable, gaining for him the respect and admiration of his 
 fellowmen. 
 
 ^ ^-^ FRANK C. KRANS. ' 
 
 Trained in the printing trade and in editorial work, Frank C. Krans is well 
 qualified to fill the position which he now occupies as editor and manager of 
 the Oneida News, a weekly paf>er published in Oneida, Knox county, Illinois. 
 During a period covering more than twenty years he has gained his experience 
 in Illinois, in Nebraska, Oregon and V/ashington, coming in contact with news- 
 papermen and printers from every section of the country, since the members of 
 this fraternity are of a roving disposition fond of seeking new scenes for their 
 field of labor. Frank C. Krans was born July 6, 1870, in Galva, Illinois, a son 
 of O. and Christiana (Aspequist) Krans, natives of Sweden. The father came 
 to America with his parents when he was a young man and made his way to a 
 Swedish settlement at Bishop's Hill, walking all the way from Chicago. When 
 a boy he assisted in hauling the lumber from Bishop's Hill to Galva when the 
 first building was erected in the latter town. At the outbreak of the war he 
 enlisted in Company D, of the Fifty-seventh Volunteer Infantry of Illinois, from 
 Princeton. At the close of the war he returned to Galva, Illinois, where he 
 
; ;;. ' :- HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY : v - .^ - SOlT 
 
 followed his trade as painter and decorator until ten years ago when he re- 
 moved to Altona, Illinois, and has resided there ever since, still actively interested 
 in his work. He is a member of the Grand Army of the Republic of Galva. 
 
 Reared at home Frank C. Krans was educated in the common schools and 
 in the high school of Galva. He prepared himself for his career by acting 
 as assistant on the Galva News learning the many varied features of the work. 
 He then went to Altona where he took charge of a paper started by C. F. Mc- 
 Donough and continued in the management of the same for two years, when he 
 decided to gratify his desire to move farther west and secured employment 
 in Ogalalla, Nebraska. A year later he went to the Pacific coast and remained 
 there, working at the printer trade for five years. In the fall of 1893 he re- 
 turned to Illinois and purchased the Altona Record which he conducted until 
 1906 when he sold it to Mills & Company. Thereupon he went to Kewanee, 
 Illinois, where he held a responsible position on the Star Courier and labored 
 there until 1911, serving one term of this time as president of the Typographical 
 Union of Kewanee. During the current year he bought an interest in a stock 
 company in Oneida, organized in 1900, which publishes a weekly, the Oneida 
 News, and of this he became editor and manager. He is spirited and en- 
 thusiastic in his work and in the brief period since coming to this position has 
 already demonstrated his eflfkiency. 
 
 The marriage of Mr. Krans and Miss Anna Olson, of Altona, was celebrated 
 October 2, 1898. She is a daughter of Peter Olson and obtained her education 
 in the grammar and high schools of Altona and the Normal school of Bushnell, 
 after which she followed the vocation of teaching for a number of years. She 
 gave that up, however, and entered the Hospital Training School at Galesburg 
 where she was fitted for the profession of nursing and after her graduation 
 was given a position on their staff. Mr. and Mrs. Krans are the parents of 
 three children : Kenneth, who is attending school, and two younger ones, John 
 and Walton. 
 
 Mr. Krans is a republican in his political affiliation^ and served as town clerk 
 for five years during his residence in Altona and also as village clerk for an 
 equal period of time, while as a member of the council he gave his efforts to the 
 advancement of the welfare of the community. He is a member of the Masonic 
 order, being connected with Lodge No. 320, F. & A. M., of Altona and the 
 Knights of Pythias, of Oneida, whose beneficent principles he tries to follow in 
 all the relations of his daily life. ----M .; .v, . - .- ... - , .. . 
 
 J -.. ^- .,...' .' f ' . . -' - .--.. .''-:.''. 
 
 v-;-..^ ^ ; :.-;.-;.':;:: -: ":/: HENRY WELCH. .\,\,;-^:/ ; : -i;^^-:,-.^. s>'t ;'. 
 
 Henry Welch, who is a resident of Ontario township, has been connected with 
 agricultural interests in Knox county throughout his life. He was born in Rio 
 township, March 6, 1871, and is the son of John and Ann Welch, the former, 
 whose birth occurred May 28, 1836, a native of Kings county, Ireland, and the 
 latter a native of New York. John Welch, whose parents, John and Sarah 
 rClarke) Welch, were agriculturists in Ireland and there resided all their life, 
 worked on the farm and received a common-school education while at home, and 
 
502 ; HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY 
 
 after emigrating to this country, in 1850, continued in agricultural pursuits. Go- 
 ing to Galesburg in 1857, he worked out by the day until he removed to Rio 
 township in 1862, at which time he rented a farm. After cultivating this for 
 some time, he purchased two hundred acres of land near by and has ever since 
 made that farm his home although he now rents it and lives retired. This farm 
 is a high tribute to his ability and labor and stands as evidence of his rise from 
 a day laborer, husking corn at fifty cents per day to a successful agriculturist, who 
 has acquired a competence sufficient to provide for a comfortable retired life. Mr. 
 and Mrs. Welch have been the parents of six children, namely : Mrs. Mary Staf- 
 ford, a widow, who is the mother of two children, Clare and William ; Henry, the 
 subject of this sketch ; Charles, who is married to Winiferd Barry, the daughter 
 of James Barry, and who is the mother of one child, Anna May, of Sparta town- 
 ship; Margaret, who is the wife of J. H. Rittenhouse, a traveling salesman of 
 Galesburg and to whom two children, Neal and Ruth, have been born; Nellie, 
 the wife of Ira Rice, who conducts a general store at Wataga; and Edward, 
 deceased. 
 
 Henry Welch received a common-school education and then worked on his 
 father's farm until he started in life for himself, at the age of twenty-seven years. 
 He began his independent career on a farm in Rio township, which he cultivated 
 for ten years, and, in 1900, he came to Ontario township and purchased the one 
 hundred and fifty-three acres of land comprising his present farm, which is all 
 under high cultivation and returning profitable yields to the labor expended upon 
 it. Mr. Welch is raising grain and general farm products and is also engaged in 
 cattle and hog-raising for the western markets. 
 
 On February 2, 1898, occurred Mr. Welch's marriage to Lucy Barry, 
 the daughter of James and Frances (Edwards) Barry, who have long been resi- 
 dents of Knox county. To Mr. and Mrs. Welch three children have been born, 
 Maurice E., Francis M. and Florence L. 
 
 - Mr. Welch is a democrat and is a member of the Roman Catholic church of 
 Woodhull. In these, as in other relations he is consistently loyal, living in ac- 
 cordance with the highest ideals of citizenship. .. , . . ;^ 
 
 - K;-;;:^ ORANGE LOWELL CAMPBELL. ;:::.:-^ - ' ( 
 
 The consensus of public opinion places the name of Orange Lowell Camp- 
 bell high on the roll of representative and honored residents of Knoxville, where 
 he is now filling the position of postmaster. This is his native town, his birth 
 having here occurred, March 7, 1852. His parents were Elisha and Mary A. 
 (Lowell) Campbell. The father was born in Gallipolis, Ohio, in 1825, and 
 was a son of Dr. John and Mary (Webb) Campbell, both of whom were natives 
 of Virginia, where the grandfather engaged in the practice of medicine, becom- 
 ing recognized as a prominent member of the profession and a prolific writer 
 who made valuablue contributions to medical literature. His father had been a 
 native of Scotland and Dr. John Campbell displayed in his life many of the 
 sterling characteristics of his Scotch ancestry. At an early day he removed 
 from Virginia to Ohio, settling in Gallipolis, and subsequently he came to Illinois, 
 
O. L. CAMPBELL 
 
502 HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY 
 
 after emigrating to this country, in 1850, continued in agricultural pursuits. Go- 
 ing to Galesburg in 1857. he worked out by the day until he removed to Rio 
 township in 1862, at which time he rented a farm. After cultivating this for 
 some time, he purchased two hundred acres of land near by and has ever since 
 made that farm his home although he now rents it and lives retired. This farm 
 is a high tribute to his ability and labor and stands as evidence of his rise from 
 a day laborer, husking corn at fifty cents per day to a successful agriculturist, who 
 has acquired a competence sufficient to provide for a comfortable retired life. Mr. 
 and Mrs. Welch have been the parents of six children, namelj : .Mrs. 'Mary Staf- 
 ford, a widow, who is the mother of two children, Clare and William; Henry, the . 
 subject of this sketch; Charles, who is married to Winiferd Barry, the daughter 
 of James Barry, and who is the mother of one child, Anna May, of Sparta town- 
 ship; Margaret, who is the wife of J. H. Rittenhouse, a traveling salesman of 
 Galesburg and to whom two children, Xeal and Ruth, have been born ; Nellie, 
 the wife of Ira Rice, who conducts a general store at Wataga; and Edward, 
 deceased. 
 
 Henry Welch received a common-school education and then worked on his 
 father's farm until he started in life for himself, at the age of twenty-seven years. 
 He began his independent career on a farm in Rio township, which he cultivated 
 for ten years, and, in 1900, he came to Ontario township and purchased the one 
 hundred and fifty-three acres of land comprising his present farm, which is all 
 under high cultivation and returning profitable yields to the labor expended upon 
 it. Mr. Welch is raising grain and general farm products and is also engaged in 
 cattle and hog-raising for the western markets. 
 
 On February 2, 1898, occurred Mr. Welch's marriage to Lucy Barry, ; 
 the daughter of James and Frances (Edwards) Barry, who b.ave long been resi- 
 dents of Knox county. To Mr. and Mrs. Welch three children have been bom, 
 Maurice E., Francis M. and Florence L. 
 
 Mr. Welch is a democrat and is a member of the Roman Catholic church of 
 \\'oodhull. In these, as in other relations he is consistently loyal, living in ac- 
 cordance with the highest ideals of citizenship. . . 
 
 ORANGE LOWELL CAMPBELL. . 
 
 The consensus of public opinion places the name of Orange Lowell Camp- 
 bell high on the roll of representative and honored residents of Knoxville, where 
 he is now filling the position of postmaster. This is his native town, his birth 
 having here occurred, March 7, 1852. His parents were Elisha and Mary A. 
 (Lowell) Campbell. The father was born in Gallipolis, Ohio, in 1825, and 
 was a son of Dr. John and Mary (Webb) Campbell, both of whom were natives 
 of Virginia, where the grandfather engaged in the practice of medicine, becom- 
 ing recognized as a prominent menil)er of the ])rofession and a prolific writer 
 who made valuablue contributions to medical literature. His father had been a 
 native of Scotland and Dr. John Campbell displayed in his life many of the 
 sterling characteristics of his Scotch ancestry. At an early day he removed 
 from X'irginia to Ohio, settling in Gallipolis, and subsequently he came to Illinois, 
 
<i. r,. ( AMI'liKr.L 
 
HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY r 505 
 
 establishing his home in Quincy, where he lived to the time of his death. When 
 a young man he not only practiced medicine but also engaged in the practice of 
 law and, at the time of the war of 1812, manifested his patriotic loyalty to his 
 country by active service in the field. His wide reading made him a well in- 
 formed man and as a ready writer he discussed through the press many questions 
 of widespread interest. 
 
 The maternal grandparents of O. L. Campbell were natives of England, while 
 the paternal grandmother, Mrs. Mary (Webb) Campbell, was of German lineage. 
 Elisha Campbell, the father of O, L. Campbell, spent his youthful days under 
 the parental roof and in early manhood took up the profession of teaching, 
 which he followed successfully in Ohio until his removal to Illinois. He also 
 learned the plasterer's and mason's trades and thus became well qualified for 
 the attainment of success along different lines of activity. It was in 1848 that 
 he became a resident of this state and in May, 1850, he was married in Knox- 
 ville to Miss Mary A. Lxjwell. On coming to the Mississippi valley he had 
 spent a short time in St. Louis, Missouri, and thence made his way to Peoria, 
 Illinois, where he also remained for but a brief period. On the expiration of 
 that time he came to Knoxville, where he followed his trade and also engaged 
 in teaching school. His life was thus busily passed until August, 1862, when 
 he responded to the country's call for troops, enlisting here as a member of 
 Company E, Eighty-third Illinois Volunteer Infantry, with which he served for 
 three years. He was appointed corporal of his company and later was advanced 
 to the rank of sergeant. On account of the wounds which he had sustained, 
 he was assigned to a position in the recruiting service, as he was unfit for active 
 field duty, and as such, enlisted a company of negro soldiers at Fort Donelson. 
 Following the close of the war he returned to Knoxville, but afterward became 
 a resident of Council Bluflfs, Iowa, where he died in 1880, the interment being 
 made, however, in Red Oak, Iowa. His wife survived him until June 2, 1900, 
 passing away at Omaha, Nebraska, and her grave, too, was made at Red Oak. 
 In their family were ten children, five sons and five daughters, as follows: 
 Orange L., who is the eldest in the family ; Almira, the second of the family, 
 who was for twenty-one years a teacher in the public schools of Omaha ; Qara ; 
 Charles, engaged in business in Los Angeles, California ; Lloyd, mechanic of 
 Detroit, Michigan, acting as foreman of the paint department of the Chalmers 
 Automobile Company of that city ; John and George, both of whom died in 
 infancy ; Emma and Louise, twins, deceased ; and Ella, also deceased. The first 
 two were teachers in the public schools of Iowa. 
 
 Orange L. Campbell pursued his education in the public schools of his native 
 town and, passing through consecutive grades, was eventually graduated from 
 the high school. When a young man he learned the printing trade, which he 
 followed during the summer seasons while continuing his education in the 
 winter months. His first work was in the office of the Knox County Republican, 
 with which paper he continued during the period of the Civil war and until 
 he had completed eight years' service in that connection. He then went to 
 Watseka, Illinois, where he remained for a year, after which he secured a posi- 
 tion on one of the leading papers at Quincy, Illinois. Returning to Knoxville, 
 he purchased in 1876 the Knox County Republican, which he edited until 1910, 
 making it one of the progressive country papers of this part of the state, with 
 
HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY 
 
 a good circulation and large advertising patronage. He put aside private busi- 
 : ness affairs, however, to enter upon public office, being first appointed post- 
 '.: master under President Harrison and later by Presidents McKinley and Roose- 
 ' velt. while at the present time he 'is filling the position by appointment of Pr<!;si- 
 : , dent Taft. His administration of the office has always been business like and 
 systematic, his course winning the approval of the many patrons of this office. 
 In 1887 he was elected to the position of town clerk and served for eight years. 
 He was also the first secretary and clerk of the public library and for eight years 
 was secretary of the board of education. During seventeen years he served as 
 secretary of the Knox County Agricultural Association and was the first secre- 
 tary of the Knox County Farmers' Institute, which position he filled for eight 
 years. He is an honored member of the Knox County Old Settlers' Associa- 
 , tion and has been its secretary for twenty-seven years. His activities have 
 . , touched the general interests of society along many lines and in every connec- 
 . V tion he has been found faithful to the trust reposed in him. 
 _;. '. ., Fraternally Mr. Campbell is connected with Pacific Lodge, No. 66, A. F. 
 & A. M., of which he has been the secretary. He belongs also to Raboni 
 . Chapter, No. 95, R. A. M., and to Illinois Council, No. i, which was the first 
 lodge of this kind in the state. He became one of the organizers of the Fraternal 
 Reserves and was its first state vice president. He likewise has membership 
 : with the Modem Woodmen of America, with the Sons of Veterans of Gales- 
 burg and for two terms was captain of the Knoxville Sons of Veterans, having 
 also been one of the organizers of this society. He is the vice president of the 
 Fifteenth Congressional District Postmasters' Association and is president of 
 the Military Tract Association. All of his varied interests have brought him 
 a wide acquaintance and everywhere he is held in high regard. 
 
 On the igth of June, 1873, in Knoxville, Mr. Campbell was united in mar- 
 riage to Miss Aug^ista Stowe Bull, who was born in Milford, Connecticut. 
 '., July 2, 1851, a daughter of Captain William and Phoebe (Stowe) Bull. Her 
 father came to Knox county at an early day, purchased a farm and resided 
 thereon until his death in 1862. Her mother died in 1909, at the age of eighty- 
 ; nine years, having spent her last days in the home of Mr. and Mrs. Campbell. 
 The Stowe family of which Mrs. Campbell is a representative in the maternal 
 line came from Milford, Connecticut, and from the same ancestry descended 
 ' Harriet Beecher Stowe. The great-grandfather of Mrs. Campbell was a soldier 
 _ of the Revolutionary war under General Washington. Unto Captain and Mrs. 
 But there were bom seven children, of whom the Rev. Cornelius Bull was the 
 eldest. He is a minister of the Free Methodist Episcopal church and resides in 
 Fullerton, Kansas. The other members of the family were: Mrs. R. J. Over- 
 street, of Galesburg ; I. T. Bull, living in Shenandoah, Iowa ; John S., of Fort 
 Wayne, Indiana; Philip H., of Galesburg; and one, who died in infancy. Mrs. 
 S Campbell, also a member of this family, has become the mother of three chil- 
 dren, of whom the eldest. Sterling H., now resides in St. Louis, Missouri, being 
 ; sales agent for the American Railway Equipment Company, in which connec- 
 ' tion he travels all over the United States. He is a graduate of St. Alban's 
 , ;'; School of Knoxville. Charlotte W. is vice principal and teacher of language 
 and literature in St. Mary's school. Mary, the youngest, is now a student in 
 that school. Both Mr. and Mrs. Campbell hold membership in the Presbyterian 
 
^^: ;;.?' \'^^^^ HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY ' / v ' 507 
 
 church and he is a member of its choir. Their daughters, Charlotte and Mary, 
 are members of the Episcopal church. In the religious organization to which 
 he belongs Mr. Campbell has always taken an active interest and has served as 
 secretary and treasurer of the Presbyterian Sunday school. His political alle- 
 giance is given to the republican party and he has ever been a stalwart champion 
 of its principles. He is also much interested in music, possessing considerable 
 natural talent and ability, and for six years he has been a member of the Gales- 
 burg Musical Union. Mr. Campbell has a very wide acquaintance not only in 
 Knox county but in other parts of the state and his sterling worth has won him 
 high regard, while his geniality and cordiality have gained for him enduring 
 friendships. He is popular wherever known and everywhere is spoken of in 
 terms of good-will, confidence and respect. 
 
 ; ;: ^: ::v^: ;;';. ' ' -' ;';;...;:> JOHN SCHWARZ. -7::;/:,:; "' _:: :y.:"-:\-:':.'^:y-::-':'. 
 
 ' John Schwarz, one of the successful farmers and dairymen of Sparta town- 
 ship, Knox county, was born in Wurtemberg, Germany, on the 4th of Decem- 
 ber, 1866. He is a son of John George Schwarz, who spent the first forty-five 
 years of his life in the fatherland, his birth there occurring on November 14, 
 1827. His parents were John and Margaret Schwarz, who sp/ent their entire 
 lives in their native land, where they were identified with agricultural pursuits. 
 Left an orphan at the age of seven John George Schwarz was reared by an 
 elder brother until old enough to become self-supporting. For his wife he chose 
 Rosina Moessner, a daughter of Matthew Moessner, a school teacher in Ger- 
 many. She was also a native of Wurtemberg, her birth occurring on January 
 3, 1827. Five of the children born of the marriage of Mr. and Mrs. Schwarz 
 are living, those beside our subject being as follows : Leonard, who is a cooper, 
 Mathias and Michael, all residents of St. Clair county; and Anna Margaret, 
 the wife of Conrad A. Fritz, of Belleville, Illinois. Together with his wife and 
 family John George Schwarz emigrated to the United States in 1872, locating 
 in St. Clair county. There for a time he worked as a laborer, but later by 
 means of his thrift and unceasing energy he was able to buy a small farm that 
 he cultivated until his death on June i6, 1882. The parents were both members 
 of the German Lutheran church and assisted in the organization of the church 
 in the vicinity of their home, Mr. Schwarz being one of the trustees until his 
 death. Although he became a citizen of the United States he never actively par- 
 ticipated in political affairs, devoting his entire attention to the development 
 of his personal interests. 
 
 Having been only a lad of six years when he emigrated to the United States 
 with his parents John Schwarz obtained practically his entire education in the 
 district schools of St. Clair county, which he attended until he was thirteen 
 years of age. His energies were then directed toward assisting his father in 
 the cultivation of the home farm, where he continued to live until twenty-three 
 years of age. He then came to Knox county, and during the first two years of 
 his residence here he worked as a laborer on the Chicago, Burlington & Quincy 
 Railroad. After his marriage he rented the farm where he is now living, so in- 
 
 
508 '' HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY ^-^^--^. v 
 
 telligently directing his efforts in its cultivation that he acquired the means to 
 purchase it in 1890. Mr. Schwarz takes great pride in his homestead and its 
 appearance, giving his personal supervision to everything about his place. His 
 fields are carefully tilled and annually yield abundant harvests in return for his 
 labor, while his dairy business is also proving most lucrative. 
 
 Mr. Schwarz has been ably assisted in his efforts by his wife, whose maiden 
 name was Wilhelmina Schultz. She is a native of Galesburg, her birth there 
 occurring on the 22d of October, 1871. Her parents are William and Margaret 
 (Sauter) Schultz, both of whom are still living. The father, who is a black- 
 smith, was for many years actively engaged in his trade, but having attained 
 the age of sixty-seven is now living retired. The mother is a daughter of 
 Jacob and Dorothea (Zeller) Sauter, the former still living at the venerable 
 age of eighty-seven, but the wife passed away in 1873, when she was fifty- 
 eight. She was a daughter of Christoph and Katherine Zeller, the father a 
 laborer of Lauterberg, Germany, while the parents of Jacob Sauter were Johann 
 and Anna Margaretha (Maier) Sauter. Johann Sauter passed away in 1850 at the 
 age of seventy-eight. Of the union of Mr. and Mrs. Schwarz there have been 
 born seven children : George William, who is nineteen and living at home ; 
 Dorothea Paulina, who is seventeen ; Rosa, fourteen ; Carolina, who is twelve ; 
 Wilhelmina, aged nine; Anna Margaretha, who is seven; and Ruth Irene, aged 
 three weeks. 
 
 The family manifest their religious views through their membership in the 
 Lutheran church, while his political support Mr. Schwarz gives to the repub- 
 lican party. He takes an active interest in all matters pertaining to the township 
 and served for thirteen years as a member of the school board, while at the 
 present time he is serving in the capacity of road commissioner. He is held 
 in high esteem in his community where he is known as a straightforward up- 
 right man, whose business transactions are always conducted in a fair and hon- 
 orable manner. . ' . ; ,'':- : ;:f 
 
 Vvt^K. JOHN McMASTER. ^ 
 
 John McMaster, who is now living retired in Altona, Illinois, is one of the 
 men whom his fellow citizens regard with honor and respect because his life ex- 
 emplifies all that is commendable and in accordance with high principles. He was 
 an earnest and diligent laborer and his integrity in any business dealing has never 
 been questioned. He was born on the I5th of May, 1827, at Daldillan, parish of 
 Sorn, Ayrshire, Scotland, and in 1852 came to America with his parents, John and 
 Ann (Struthers) McMaster, the latter being a daughter of James and Mary (Wat- 
 son) Struthers. The father was the only son of John McMaster, who was an 
 agriculturist of Scotland, his death having occurred at the age of ninety-two years, 
 in 1868, Mrs. McMaster having passed away ten years previous, at the age of 
 eighty-five years. They were the parents of : David, who is living retired in Cop- 
 ley township; George, a resident of Henry county; Thomas, who is living in 
 Walnut Grove township ; and John, the subject of this sketcli. The McMasters 
 made the trip from their native land in company with the Struthers family and 
 
 
HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY > '^- - 509 
 
 went direct to Chicago and thence overland with teams to Peoria, from which 
 place they set out for Copley township, Knox county. There they built the first 
 log house which was erected in that district on eighty acres of land, which Mr. 
 McMaster and his children brought under such a state of cultivation that it was 
 suitable for a home. 
 
 At the age of fourteen years John McMaster began his active career on the 
 home farm. Subsequently he purchased a team of horses and by hard labor and 
 constant saving was soon able to make a home for his parents. After his mar- 
 riage he bought eighty acres in Walnut Grove township but disposed of it two 
 years later, when he purchased one hundred and sixty acres, which formed the 
 nucleus of the more extensive farm he owned at the time of his retirement in 
 
 1898. 
 
 Mr. McMaster was married on the 22d of August, i86i, to Miss Lorinda 
 Helen Multer, who is a daughter of Captain Joseph and Susan (Becker) Multer 
 and whose birth occurred at South Worcester, Ostego county. New York, on the 
 loth of May, 1838. Captain Multer was a veteran of the war of 1812. Mrs. 
 Multer was a daughter of Louis Becker, of Germany, and Joseph Multer was of 
 Dutch descent, his father having been the royal family's physician. Mrs. Mc- 
 Master came to Knox county to visit her brother in 1860 and was one of thirteen 
 children, her two surviving sisters being : Catherine, the wife of E. Daily, of New 
 York ; and Susan, who is the widow of George Payne, of New York. Mr. and 
 Mrs. McMaster became the parents of five children : Chauncey J., who is mar- 
 ried to Frances Reed and is living in Walnut Grove township ; David N., a resi- 
 dent of Walnut Grove township, who married Miss May Thompson ; Anna, who 
 is the wife of Frank Brown, of Galesburg, and has one child, Margaret; John 
 E., also residing in Walnut Grove township, who married Minnie Lock and has 
 two children, Lola M. and Bequeeth ; and Mary E., the wife of William Thom- 
 son, of Walnut Grove township, and the mother of two children, Helen A., and 
 Mary M. :'V- "';\'^; '-,.;-' 
 
 On the 22d of August, 1911, Mr. and Mrs. McMaster celebrated their golden 
 wedding anniversary, an occasion which gave one hundred and seventy-five of 
 their friends, who had assembled from various parts of the United States and 
 even as far as India, an opportunity to show the regard and esteem in which this 
 worthy couple is held. They were the recipients of the hearty congratulations 
 of their neighbors and of many substantial and valuable gifts. The following 
 poem, which was written and read by J. W. McQueen, gives an idea of the affec- 
 tion felt for Mr. and Mrs. McMaster: 
 
 ; ; ' "Fifty years you have walked together .. .- >. 
 
 Along the pathway of life, 
 
 '^- Amid the storm and shiny weather . ' ,: 
 
 ': ^; -You've not faltered in the strife. . :. ' 
 
 / '- "Yes those years have drawn you nearer, ' -:.. 
 
 ; - / Dearer far than tongue can tell :: 
 
 . V;-;:, Have your lives together blended . \' J 
 
 : - V In the race you have run so well. . ;. , 
 
510 
 
 HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY 
 
 ..- 7;:'\'. - . .: 
 
 . ,^. *"*,. f- ' 
 
 "Golden weddings are not common, 
 
 Few can reach that auspicious day, 
 Yours has been a happy concourse 
 
 Friends you've made along the way. 
 
 "Life without friends would be dreary, 
 
 If we lived for ourselves alone . 
 
 The days would go so long and weary ::':'' vi 
 Life a void and empty tomb. :;;;: 
 
 "Here today we meet and greet you 
 
 Children, neighbors, friends have come 
 To extend the hand of friendship .'. 
 
 On this your gala nuptial day. , . ' 
 
 "May the golden sunshine brighten ' 
 
 Many happy days ere yet to come 
 As adown life's road you travel ; . 
 
 Towards the setting of the sun." .;' ;> 
 
 ;' In politics Mr. .McMaster has always given his support to the republican party 
 and has frequently held township offices, thus having opportunity to serve his 
 community. Mrs. MoMaster holds membership in the Methodist church, in the 
 work of which she takes an active and helpful interest. They have passed their 
 entire married life in this vicinity and by their kindly spirit, charitable disposition 
 and generous acts have won the affection and regard of all who know them. 
 
 ALAN McQUARRIE. 
 
 This country is in a large measure indebted for its civilization and institu- 
 tions to the sturdy natives of Scotland who have been prominent in stimulating 
 the march of progress and in directing affairs along safe and conservative lines. 
 Alan McQuarrie, who passed away December 29, 1903, and was well known 
 in Copley township, Knox county, is a native of that country, his birth having 
 occurred in Ayrshire, near Glasgow, December 31, 1814. He was the descendant 
 of a family which can trace its ancestry far back in the annals of the Highland 
 Scotch race and at the present time the family has in its possession a tartan worn 
 by one of the earliest generations. 
 
 Mr. McQuarrie began his active career in his native land, first engaging in 
 agricultural pursuits, but later he became the owner of coal lands which gave 
 promise of valuable mineral beds and also contracted with his government to 
 drain a section of the adjacent lowlands. These undertakings were all of the 
 kind calling for hard labor and yet would not yield immediate profits and America 
 seemed to him to offer greater opportunities to the man who was willing to sac- 
 rifice and labor. Accordingly, he set out for the United States with his wife 
 
. \I..\N M.i.l AliUlK 
 
ilHS. ALAN M<(,rAIJl!ll-; 
 
HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY /^ 515 
 
 and two children, in 1851, and came directly to Knox county, where he located 
 upon the Copley township property which is the present McQuarrie homestead. 
 That he was one of the earliest pioneers to enter the district is seen in the fact 
 that his was the first log house built. Throughout his life the greater part of 
 his time and attention was given to dealing in land and farming, although he 
 was engaged in contracting and railroad grading near Altona, Illinois. At 
 various times he bought and sold tracts of land in Iowa. 
 
 Mr. McQuarrie was married June 15, 1849, to Miss Mary Watson McMas- 
 ter, who was born in Scotland, on the 2Oth of August, 1824, and died on the 
 29th of January, 1895, at the age of seventy years. She was a daughter of John 
 McMaster, also a native of Scotland, who came to the United States in 1850, 
 locating in Copley township, Knox county, where his death occurred at the age 
 of ninety-two years. He was married to Ann Struthers, who was a daughter 
 of James Struthers, whose death occurred in 1868, at the age of ninety-five 
 years. Mr. and Mrs. McQuarrie became the parents of five children. Margaret, 
 who is the wife of J. Gordon, was born in 1852. She is residing in Altona. 
 Mary Watson was born on the ijth of January, 1855, on the home farm and has 
 devoted her entire life to her parents. She is a member of the Presbyterian 
 church and is at present residing on the home farm. Alan John, whose birth 
 occurred on the 3Oth of April, 1859, in the old log cabin, has engaged in agri- 
 cultural pursuits throughout his entire life. He casts his vote with the demo- 
 cratic party but has never taken an active interest in politics. Agnes Florence 
 is married to Albert Erickson, of Walnut Grove township. Ann Struthers 
 became the wife of Alexander .Morgan and both are now deceased. 
 
 In politics Mr. McQuarrie was a democrat and, although he was not an 
 active politician, he was always interested in public affairs and contributed his 
 influence and support toward securing the election of those candidates whom 
 he thought would be most efficient in promoting measures which would be to the 
 interest of public welfare. He was a man of high moral character, industrious 
 and enterprising, and his honesty and uprightness always merited the confidence 
 and respect of his neighbors. -,......-:, - . :<, ,-...'...-,. 
 
 :-^x'.i^'''v^;':'-;^'-^'^- ':';:' ''"'-.''v' STEWART j. cox. ;:o-6-'': ,/....: '.:i,;v-;:i-:3- 
 
 ;' Stewart J. Cox, an agriculturist residing on section i6, Ontario township, was 
 bom on the 3d of October, 1876, upon the farm where he is now living. He is a 
 son of L. J. and Elizabeth (West) Cox, of whom mention is made elsewhere in 
 this volume. 
 
 Stewart Cox received his education in the common schools and has since as- 
 sisted in the cultivation of the farm. In 1895 he began farming independently 
 and now is the owner of two hundred and ten acres of land, which he devotes 
 to general farming and to feeding hogs for market purposes. In his agricultural 
 'pursuits he has gained the success which is the reward of hard labor and per- 
 sistent effort conscientiously carried on, even though the start is made without 
 capital. 
 
516 ^ HISTORY OF KXOX COUNTY :^ V. .:^ '/- 
 
 On the 3d of October, 1900, Mr. Cox was married to Miss Mildred White, a 
 daughter of John and Mary (Barrer) White, the father being engaged in farm- 
 ing. Mr. and Mrs. Cox have become the parents af three children: Stewart 
 Garrett, Minnie E. and James Richard. In his political allegiance Mr. Cox re- 
 tains an independent attitude, casting his vote for the man or measure which he 
 .- thinks will be most effective for good government rather than according to the 
 dictates of any party. He holds membership in the subordinate lodge of the Odd 
 , Fellows and the encampment of the Modern Woodmen of America, of Wood- 
 hull. In all life's relations, whether as a business man, citizen or in fraternal af- 
 .! fairs, he is progressive and believes that the individual should continually ad- 
 vance through the recognition and improvement of opportunities which present 
 :;: ^ themselves. :.::'-'. ::'' ','. 
 
 /;.x:: GEORGE BEHRINGER. ; :A:.; ; 
 
 George Behringer, who has long been identified with the agricultural interests 
 of Knox county, being engaged in general farming and stock-raising in Sparta 
 township, was born in Galesburg, on the 4th of November, 1856. His father, 
 Michael Behringer, was born in Wurtemberg, Germany, on March 5, 1824, and 
 there he passed the first twenty-five years of his life. He was in the government 
 service, being employed in the capacity of mail driver and express courier, but 
 early recognizing that there was little possibility of his ever attaining such a posi- 
 tion as he aspired to, he determined to leave his native land and come to America. 
 In 1849 he took passage for the United States, coming directly to Chicago, where 
 he remained for three years. Almost immediately upon his arrival he obtained a 
 position with the Chicago, Burlington & Quincy Railroad, continuing in their ser- 
 vice during the remainder of his life. Being entirely unfamiliar with the language 
 and customs of the country, as well as with railroading his early duties were of 
 a minor nature. He proved to be an efficient and trustworthy employe, however, 
 and was promoted from time to time to jMJsitions of greater responsibility and 
 for many years was overseer of the freight yards, and during the cholera year 
 was placed in charge of the coaches in transit wherein were placed those stricken 
 with this fatal disease. For his wife Mr. Behringer chose Miss Helen Schmidt, 
 also a native of Wurtemberg, her birth there occurring on March 24, 1824, and 
 a daughter of Daniel Schmidt, a fruit-grower and a manufacturer of wine. The 
 paternal grandfather, Michael Behringer, was a weaver by trade. Both of the 
 parents were members of the Lutheran church and for many years the father 
 discharged the duties of trustee. Four of the children born to Mr. and Mrs. 
 Behringer are still living, our subject being the eldest of the family. The others 
 are as follows: Daniel .M., who is a merchant in Nebraska; William, who lives 
 in Sparta township; and Helen C., the vnic of N. E. Olson, a farmer in the 
 vicinity of Galesburg. 
 
 George Behringer was reared in Galesburg and educated in the common 
 schools. When old enough to qualify himself for a life vocation, he entered the* 
 machine shops of the "Q" at Galesburg, but after being there employed for three 
 years, he decided he preferred agricultural pursuits, so turned his attention to 
 
; -A;: .:,;.: ^:^ HISTORY OF KXOX COUNTY ." f^^ :-'' 517 
 
 farming. He subsequently located on the place where he is now living, meeting 
 with such excellent success in his undertakings that he ultimately became owner 
 of the property. The place was well improved when he purchased it, but during 
 the period of his occupancy he has effected various changes and installed some 
 modern conveniences, that have greatly added to its appearance. As he is ener- 
 getic and capable, Mr. Behringer has met with good success in both his farming 
 and stock-raising and is known as one of the prosperous citizens of Sparta town- 
 ship. He was one of the organizers of the Wataga State Bank, of which he is 
 now vice president, and he is interested in various other local enterprises. 
 
 On the 3d of March, 1887, Mr. Behringer was united in marriage to Miss 
 Hannah Benson, who was born in Warren county, Illinois, on the 25th of October, 
 1866, and is a daughter of Tufve and Catherine (Allison) Benson, the 
 father a native of Sweden. The mother passed away on the iSth of November, 
 1909, at the age of sixty-eight years. Eight children were born to Mr. and Mrs. 
 Benson, as follows: Samuel, a retired real-estate dealer of Galesburg; Carrie, 
 the wife of H. Gehring, now retired, also of Galesburg; Mrs. Behringer; Ira, a 
 plumber of Maplewood, Missouri ; Harvey, a farmer of Salem, Illinois ; Jeannette, 
 who married Charles Harpman, a teacher at Pittsburg, Kansas ; Hazel, who is at 
 home; and Edith, who is deceased. Mr. and Mrs. Behringer have three children:: 
 Dessa, who is twenty-two years of age, now attending Lombard College ; Frank 
 Lloyd, who will soon attain his majority, and Herald, a youth of twelve years, 
 are both at home. 
 
 Mr. Behringer is a member of the Lutheran church and Mrs. Behringer of 
 the Congregational, being affiliated with the Ladies' Aid Society and for three 
 years president of this organization. Fraternally he is identified with the Wataga 
 camp of the Modern Woodmen of America, and he also belongs to the Mystic 
 Workers of the World. His political allegiance he has never accorded any one 
 body, but gives his support to such men and mezisures as he considers best adapted 
 to protect the highest interests of the majority. Although he takes a deep interest 
 in all public affairs, Mr. Behringer has had neither time nor inclination to seek 
 political honors, preferring to give his undivided attention to the development of 
 his business affairs. .v"V-;.:;-----;-\'- :v.'/: 'S'-v': '.,..';:'-::;'-' .. , :".-'.. "-.v. .> 
 
 / V ; . GEORGE HILL SMITH, D. D. S. ' ' ,> - 
 
 Dr. George Hill Smith, engaged in the practice of dentistry in Galesburg, was 
 born in Brownsville, Pennsylvania, October 19, 1874, a son of Robert Starrett 
 and Sarah (Hill) Smith. The ancestry is traced back through several genera- 
 tions to Robert and Mary (Starrett) Smith, who were the great-grandparents in 
 the paternal line. There is a strain of Scotch on the paternal side of the family 
 and of Scotch-Irish on the maternal. Robert Smith, the grandfather of Dr. 
 Smith, was a native of Franklin township, Fayette county, Pennsylvania, bom 
 November 19, 1799. He was a farmer by occupation and devoted his entire life 
 to that pursuit. He married Rosetta Shotwell, also a native of Franklin town- 
 ship, and a daughter of John and Sarah (Skanklin) Shotwell. The ancestors of 
 John Shotwell came from Scotland and settled in New Jersey, in 1680. The 
 
518 ' HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY V-^ ^ 
 
 name was originally Shadwell, but upon witnessing the skill in markmanship of 
 one of them the king exclaimed: "Well done, Shotwell," since which time this 
 family has been known as Shotwell. Robert Starrett Smith, son of Robert and 
 Rosetta (Shotwell) Smith, was born in Franklin township, January 20, 1837, 
 pursued his education there and afterward engaged in teaching school for a time. 
 Later he took up the occupation of farming, which he followed at Brownsville, 
 Pennsylvania, until his removal to the middle west in 1879, when he settled near 
 Galva, Illinois, where he carried on farming until 1894. In that year he retired 
 and came to Galesburg, where he is still living. In early manhood he wedded 
 Sarah Hill, who was born in East Liberty, Fayette county, Pennsylvania, Novem- 
 ber I, 1841, and was a daughter of Colonel Alexander McClelland and ^lary 
 (Johnston) Hill. Her father was born in 1802 and died March 17, 1863, while 
 her mother, whose birth occurred in 1805, passed away on the nth of January, 
 1863. Alexander McClelland Hill was colonel of a Pennsylvania regiment and 
 was twice a member of the state legislature, representing the district of Fayette 
 and Westmoreland counties (1851-52) and was prominent in the public life of his 
 locality. He was among the pioneers of the coke manufacture in this country 
 and an earnest advocate of the extension of the Baltimore & Ohio Railroad 
 through Fayette county, and labored hard to effect it. He was a son of Rev. 
 George and Elizabeth (McClelland) Hill, the latter being a daughter of Alexander 
 McClelland, of Fayette county, Pennsylvania. Rev. George Hill was born in 
 York county, Pennsylvania, March 13, 1764, and was ordained as the Presby- 
 terian pastor of Wheatfield on the I3th of November, 1792, later accepting the 
 charge of Legonier, Westmoreland county, where he continued to serve until the 
 time of his death, June 9, 1822. Mrs. Sarah (Hill) Smith was educated in the 
 east, attending Blairsville Seminary, which school was founded by her cousin, 
 George Hill, D. D., who was a grandson of Rev. George Hill of Legonier, Penn- 
 sylvania. It was on the 27th of December, 1860, that Robert S. Smith and Sarah 
 Hill were married, and unto them were born six children : Alexander, who died 
 in infancy; Mary Rosetta, the wife of Charles E. Eldridge, of Sioux City, Iowa; 
 Annetta P.; Alice J. at home; David Wilson, deceased; and George Hill. 
 
 Dr. George Hill Smith spent his youthful days under the parental roof and 
 was educated in the Galva high school and in Knox College. He then entered 
 the Northwestern University Dental School, of Chicago, from which he was 
 graduated with the class of 1902. He first located for practice in Ottawa, Illi- 
 nois, where he remained for three years and then came to Galesburg in July, 
 1905. He has since continued in this city and his ability is attested by the liberal 
 patronage now given him. He has a well appointed office, splendidly equipped 
 with all modern dental appliances, and his work is highly satisfactory, for, added 
 to his scientific knowledge, is superior mechanical skill, which is one of the re- 
 quisites of successful dentistry. He belongs to the Knox County Dental Associa- 
 tion, in which he has held all of the offices, having been honored with election 
 to the presidency two years ago. 
 
 On the 29th of June, 1903, Dr. Smith was united in marriage to Miss Mabel 
 Lou Foster, a daughter of Julian Albert and Huldah Elizabeth (Parker) Foster, 
 cf Salem, Wisconsin. Mrs. Mabel (Foster) Smith was graduated from the Cum- 
 nock School of Oratory, Northwestern University, with the class of 1902. She is 
 a member of the Daughters of the American Revolution through the service of 
 
j:^^ ; X :' ' , HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY ^ ' ::V'^^ 519 
 
 Asa Parker, whose grandfather was one of the five Parker brothers who came 
 to Haverhill, Massachusetts, from Macclesfield, England, about 1640 and later 
 settled in Andover, Connecticut. Her grandparents on the paternal side, Andrew 
 William and Prudence (Cornwall) Foster, were among the early settlers of Ke- 
 nosha county, Wisconsin, making the trip in wagons from Oswego, New York, 
 in 1841. Both Dr. and Mrs. Smith have many friends in Galesburg, occupying 
 an enviable position in social circles. He also belongs to the Supreme Chapter 
 of Delta Sigma Delta, a dental fraternity, and to a number of societies and clubs. 
 He is an. exemplary representative of Vesper Lodge, No. 584, A. F. & A. M., 
 and also of the Modern Woodmen camp, and he likewise holds membership in 
 the Galesburg Club. He is true to his home teaching in religious matters for his 
 parents are members of the Presbyterian church, to which the Doctor and Mrs. 
 Smith also belong, and in politics he has followed in the footsteps of his father, 
 being a stanch republican, his mature judgment sanctioning the policy and prin- 
 ciples of that party. The skill and ability which he has displayed in his profes- 
 sion have placed him in a prominent position in the ranks of the dental fraternity 
 in Galesburg and his personal qualities and sterling worth have assured him high 
 position socially. 
 
 : . -: ; . ; THOMAS PETER MAIN. ;':/;:;:; 
 
 Thomas Peter Main, who is residing on his farm in Walnut Grove township, 
 Knox county, was born in the old Main homestead, on the 2Oth of March, 1873, 
 his parents being Elias and Mary Ann (Huntington) Main. The father was 
 a native of Otsego county. New York, but spent the greater part of his active 
 career in Knox county, where he engaged principally in the wagon-making trade. 
 
 Thomas Main's entire life has been spent in Knox county, and he has done 
 much to further agricultural interests of the county during the last twenty years. 
 His methods have always been practical and scientific, and his application has been 
 so constant that he has met with the success which is due to the energetic and 
 persistent worker. 
 
 On the 24th of March, 1908, Mr. Main was married to Patience Jannan, the 
 daughter of Jonathan Jannan of Salem township, Knox county. The father was 
 a native of Brown county, Ohio, where he assisted his father in agricultural pur- 
 suits previous to his removal to Knox county when he was very young, his parents 
 being George and Rebecca (Bevens) Jannan. Jonathan Jannan married Clara 
 May Phelps, who is the daughter of Samuel and Emeline Lucy (Frisbie) Phelps. 
 She is living in Knox county at present at the age of fifty-nine years, and Mr. 
 Jannan reached his seventy-second birthday on the 5th of September. Their son, 
 Henry Phelps Jannan, is a prominent agriculturist of Salem township, and is 
 married to Lorine Bowers. Mrs. Main was born on the loth of February, 1882, 
 and received her education in the Elmwood high school, and three years later 
 was graduated from the University of Illinois at Urbana. Subsequently she 
 taught music until her marriage. To this union one child has been born, Qara 
 Ruth, whose birth occurred on the 2nd of April, 1910. : ' ; ^^^/tvJ 
 
520 HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY 
 
 Both 'Mr. and Mrs. Main are active and prominent members of the Presby- 
 terian church, of Altona and Mr. Main also holds membership in the Masonic 
 Lodge of his home city. In church and fraternal circles he is held in high re- 
 gard, and has ever stood to maintain the same honorable relations with which 
 he is accredited in industrial circles. In farming and stock-raising he has shown 
 his readiness to keep abreast with the spirit and development of the times, and has 
 won for himself a name which stands for efficiency, aggression and stability. 
 
 .: V^ IRA L. PILLSBURY. ..:/:;;- 
 
 A highly successful florist of Galesburg is Ira L. Pillsbury, who came here 
 seventeen years ago. He commenced in rather a small way but has so intelli- 
 gently directed his business, that it has developed until he now maintains one 
 retail store and has several times multiplied the size of his original greenhouse. 
 He was born in Macomb, Illinois, on the 3d of February, 1859, and is a son of 
 Ithamar and Caroline E. (Miller) Pillsbury. The father was born in Dracut, 
 Massachusetts, on the 22d of August, 1794, and the mother in Smithtown, Long 
 Island, on the I4th of October, i8i8. Ithamar Pillsbury was educated at Yale 
 Divinity College for the Presbyterian ministry and was graduated in 1822. Sub- 
 sequently he became a missionary to seamen and sailors in New York city. 
 Later he preached at various points in the east until 1836, when he came to 
 Illinois, bringing the first colony to Henry county, having acquired the land for 
 his settlement from the government. He continued to follow the ministry and 
 organized a church at Andover, where he preached for several years. In Macomb 
 he filled subsequently the pulpit of the Presbyterian church and was also presi- 
 dent of McDonough College. During his active connection with the ministry 
 he assisted in organizing fourteen churches in Illinois. The first church that he 
 formed was at Burlington, August 27, 1836, and the last at Dixon, Illinois, 
 January 29, 1852. Andover, Illinois, was the scene of the marriage of the Rev. 
 Ithamar Pillsbury and Miss Miller on December i8, 1837, and there they spent 
 the latter years of their life. Reverend Pillsbury passed away on the 2Oth of 
 April, 1862, and his wife survived until June 8. 1896, her death occurring at 
 Macomb. During the war of 1812 he served as a private and his political sup- 
 port he gave to the republican party. The family of Mr. and Mrs. Pillsbury 
 numbered ten, our subject being the ninth in order of birth. The others are as 
 follows: Elizabeth, who was born on the I2th of October, 1838, and died 
 August i6, 1886; James Lebbius, born October 26, 1840, who died in 1841; 
 Edward Payson, who was born on April 27, 1842, and died on the loth of May, 
 1898; Asiel Nettleton, who was born on November 29, 1844, and is now living 
 at Palma Sola, Florida; Mary Louisa, who was born May 2, 1847, and died on 
 the 1st of June, 1909; Sarah Adelia, who was born on the 3d of April, 1849. 
 the wife of Charles F. Fairfield, of Minneapolis, Minnesota ; Francis Ithamar, 
 who was born June 14, 1851, and died January 8. 1893: Alfred Sawyer, bom 
 on November 2, 1854. now residing at West Plains, Missouri ; and Ithamar, 
 whose natal day was the I9th of August, i86i, a resident of Macomb. 
 
I. L. PILLSBURY 
 
520 HISTORY OF KXOX COUXTV ; ^ 
 
 ' '",'-'' 
 
 Doth 'Mr. and Mrs. Main are active and prominent members of the Presby- 
 terian church, of Altona and Mr. Main also holds membership in the ^Masonic 
 Lodge of his home city. In church and fraternal circles he is held in high re- 
 gard, and has ever stood to maintain the same honorable relations with which 
 he is accredited in industrial circles. In farming and stock-raising he has shown 
 his readiness to keep abreast with the spirit and development of the times, and has 
 won for himself a name which stands for efficiency, aggression and stability. 
 
 IRA L. PILLSBURY. 
 
 A highly successful florist of Galesburg is Ira L. Pillsbury. who came here 
 seventeen years ago. He commenced in rather a small way but has so intelli- 
 gently directed his business, that it has develo])e(l until he now maintains one- 
 retail store and has several times multiplied the size of his original greenhouse. 
 He was born in Macomb. Illinois, on the 3d of February. 1859. and is a son of 
 Itliamar and Caroline F. ( Miller) Pillsbury. The father was born in Dracut. 
 ^fassachusetts. on the 22<1 of .\ugust. 1/94. and the mother in Smithtown. Long 
 Island, on the I4tli of October. 1818. Ithamar Pillsbury was educated at Yale 
 Divinity College for the Presbyterian ministry and was graduated in 1822. Sub- 
 sequently he became a missionary to seamen and sailors in Xew York city. 
 Later he preachcfl at various i)()ints in the east until 1836. when he came to 
 Illinois, bringing the first colony to Henry county, having acquired the land for 
 his settlement from the government. He continued to follow the ministry and 
 organized a church at Andovcr. where he ])reached for several years. In Macomb 
 he filled subsc(|Ufiitly the ])ulpit of the Presbyterian church and was also presi- 
 dent of McDonough College. During his active connection with the ministry 
 he assisted in organizing fourteen churches in Illinois. The first church that he 
 formed was at lUuMington. August 27. 1836. and the last at Dixon. Illinois, 
 January 29. 1852. Andover. Illinois, was the scene of tlie marriage of the Rev. 
 Ithamar Pillsbury and Miss .Miller on December 18. 1837. and there they s])ent 
 the latter years of their life. Reverend Pillsbury pas>ed away on the 2Oth of 
 April. 1862. and his wife survived until June 8. 18*^6. her death occurring at 
 Macomb. During the war of 1812 he served as a ])rivate and his political su])- 
 jjort he gave to the re])ublican party. The family of ]\lr. and Mrs. I'illsbury 
 numbered ten. our subject being tlic ninth in order of birth. Tbe otiicrs are as 
 follows: l-llizabeth. who was born on tlie I2th of October. 1838. and died 
 August \Ci, i8SC>: James Lebbius. born October 26. 1840. who died in 1841: 
 Fdward Payson. who was born on .\pril 27. 1842. and died on the loth of May. 
 l8<j8; Asiel Xettleton. who was born on Xovember 29. 1844. and is now living 
 at Palma Sola. I'lorida : Marv Louisa, wlio was born Mav 2. 1847. and died on 
 the 1st of June. 1909; Sarah Adclia. who was born ou the 3d of Ajjril. 1849. 
 the wife of Charles F. I'^airficld. of Minneapolis. Minnesota: I-Vancis Ithamar. 
 who was born June 14. 1851. and die<l January 8. 18(^3: .\lfred Sawyer, born 
 on Xovember 2. 1854. now residing at \\'est Plains. Missouri: and Ithamar. 
 whose natal ilay was the T9th of .\ugust. 1861. a resident of Macomb. 
 
I.. 
 
; ';:,:('<"/. ^ :A r:^ HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY ' v : ^v; 523 
 
 Ira L. Pillsbury attended the common schools of Macomb in the acquire- 
 ment of an education. He graduated from the public school in 1876 and very 
 soon thereafter he engaged in market gardening, meeting with such success in 
 this undertaking that he later extended the scope of his activities by raising 
 flowers and ornamental plants. He continued in his horticultural activity until 
 1894, when he disposed of his gardens and came to Galesburg, engaging in 
 business as a florist. At the beginning he had but one hothouse, twenty by 
 sixty feet, but during the past seventeen years he has developed his enterprise 
 
 : A until he now needs eight greenhouses and has a retail salesroom. A store com- 
 bined with his greenhouses is located on East Main and Locust streets and the 
 floral establishment at 65 South Seminary street. He makes a specialty of 
 carnations, roses, violets, chrysanthemums and ornamental potted plants, of the 
 flowering and plain variety. From six to ten people are constantly employed in 
 his greenhouses and stores, and during the busy seasons he requires the assistance 
 of several more. Mr. Pillsbury is resourceful and of an inventive turn of mind, 
 so to obviate the heavy loss sustained by every florist in the handling of carna- 
 tions, caused by the splitting of the calyx of this flower, he has originated a 
 
 .- clever little device known as "Pillsbury's carnation staple." It is made of very 
 fine green wire and, being practically invisible, can be used without detracting 
 from the flower's appearance. The artiflce has been found practical and has 
 proven economical in his own business and since placing it upon the market, he 
 has been favored with orders from florists throughout the country. .; ': .r' v 
 At Macomb, Illinois, on the igth of March, 1885. Mr. Pillsbury and Miss 
 Dollie B. Harris were married. She is a daughter of the Rev. Ralph and Mary 
 (Wilson) Harris, and was born at Cameron, .Missouri, on the nth of April, 
 
 -% 1859. Mr. Harris filled the pulpit of the Presbyterian church at Macomb for 
 some years and was also president of McDonough College. He was born April 
 6, 1812, in Charlotte county, Virginia, and united with the church at Charlotte 
 Courthouse in 1828. He acquired his education at Center College in Danville, 
 Kentucky, which institution conferred upon him the degrees of A. M. and D. D. 
 In 1840 he was licensed to preach and in 1843 was ordained as an evangelist 
 and sent as a missionary to the mountains of Kentucky and Tennessee. In 
 1849 he accepted the presidency of McDonough College, after having had charge 
 of several different churches, and in 1852 he was called to the pastorate of the 
 Presbyterian church at Macomb, Illinois, where he remained until 1855. when 
 he removed to Cameron, Missouri. When the Civil war broke out he went to 
 the front with the Fighty-fourth Regiment of Illinois Volunteers as their chap- 
 lain but on account of ill health was forced to return before the close of the war.'- 
 He afterward took up the study of medicine and in 1864 was graduated from 
 the Hahnemann Medical College of Chicago and entered upon active practice, 
 in which he continued until 1882. when he retired. He died March 19. 1895, 
 having for only eight weeks survived his wife. They traveled life's journey 
 happily together as man and wife for nearly flfty-eight years and were among the 
 most highly esteemed residents of Macomb. Dr. Harris was twice married, his 
 first union being with Martha P. Hughes on the 2d of October, 1834. They had 
 one daughter, Fllen Amanda, who was born in 1835. and became the wife of 
 Fdward Maguire. The wife and mother died in 1836 and on the 3ist of May, 
 
 .. 1837, Dr. Harris was married to Miss Mary P. Wilson, who was born near 
 
524 - HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY >' 
 
 Crab Orchard, Kentucky, February 27, i8i8, and passed away January 24, 
 1895. Dr. and IVIrs. Harris were the parents of ten children. James Harvie, 
 who was born May 7, 1838, died January 4, 1893. Robert Campbell, who was 
 born January 19, 1840, was killed by guerrillas, October 17, i86i, while serving 
 as a soldier of the Civil war. William Thomas, born September 18, 1841, was 
 a soldier of the Union army and is living in Keosauqua, Iowa. Miss Martha 
 Perry Hughes, born November 25, 1842, is living in Macomb. Ralph Erskins, 
 born July 4, 1846, is living in Pocatello, Idaho. John Green, born August 24, 
 1848, died August i6, 1849. Mary Elizabeth, born January 29, 1850, died 
 February 28, 1892. Charles Stewart, born March 24, 1852, is living in Gales- 
 burg. Sarah Cornelia, who was born March 24, 1854, died November 15, 1905. 
 Dollie Bailey, born April ii, 1859, is now the wife of Ira L. Pillsbury. Mr. 
 and Mrs. Pillsbury have three children. George M., who was born in Macomb, 
 on May i6, 1886, is now engaged in farming near Englewood, Kansas. He is 
 married and has two children, Gertrude Agnes, who was born May 7, 1910 and 
 Dollie Irene, born October 8, 1911. Ira Harris, whose birth occurred at Macomb, 
 on July 25, 1887, graduated from Knox College and is now a student in the 
 McCormick Theological Seminary at Chicago. He has had the unusual distinc- 
 tion of delivering a sermon in the Presbyterian church at Macomb, where both 
 of his grandfathers formerly preached. Walter E., who was born on the 3d of 
 September, 1890, is still at home and is assisting his father in the business. -. - 
 Both Mr. and Mrs. Pillsbury are active members of the Presbyterian church 
 and take a deep interest in all Christian work. He is deacon of the church and 
 assistant Sunday school superintendent, and he was formerly president of the 
 McDonough County Sunday School Association. He is also affiliated with the 
 Young Men's Christian Association and the Court of Honor, No. 171. Being 
 a progressive and enterprising business man he is a member of the Retail Mer- 
 chants Association of Galesburg and the National and Illinois State Florists' 
 Associations. Mr. Pillsbury is a stanch republican in politics but, never having 
 had either the time or inclination for public office, does not prominently parti- 
 cipate in municipal campaigns of political nature. By reason of his foresight 
 and sagacity he is meeting with excellent success in his business, which is now 
 firmly established and flourishing in its various departments. 
 
 l-^;.; OSCAR H. LITTLE. ;:,;.>. ^ 
 
 Since the establishment of The Continental, a men's clothing establishment in 
 Galesburg, Oscar H. Little has been at the head of the business, and as manager 
 has contributed in a substantial measure to its growth and success. Throughout 
 his life he has been connected with the clothing trade and his long experience, his 
 enterprise and earnest purpose have been the elements of making his establish- 
 ment one of the leading commercial concerns of Galesburg. He was born in New- 
 ton, Iowa, September 21, 1863, and is the son of William T. and Emily J. (Grey) 
 Little. The father, who was born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, December 8, 
 1836, was a clothing merchant of Newton, Iowa, having come to the west as a 
 young man. Later he went to Chicago where he engaged in the wholesale cloth- 
 
^^;;- /- ' v':; .;^v HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY 7* 525 
 
 ing business, and after some years opened a real-estate office in that city. At 
 length he retired from business life, and in 1906 removed to Galesburg where he 
 passed away November i8, 1908. His widow still survives and is now living in 
 Rogers Park, one of the Chicago suburbs. She was born in \^irginia, January 23, 
 ' 1843. Mr. Little was a republican in his political views and both he and his wife 
 were members of the Society of Friends. They were married in Lynnville, Iowa, 
 January, 1859, and they became parents of three children: Ida L., Oscar H. and 
 William G. 
 
 Oscar H. Little was educated in Newton, Iowa, and his initial experience in 
 business came to him as an employe in his father's store, whom he first repre- 
 sented in Carroll, Iowa, as manager of one of his stores. Two years later he went 
 to Newton, Iowa, and continued in the business with his father for six years, 
 after which he moved to Chicago and engaged in the wholesale clothing business 
 for two years. He remained with his father until 1892 when he entered the em- 
 ploy of Samuel Stern of Chicago. At Hampton, Iowa, he represented Mr. Stem 
 for one year and then, after a brief period spent in Chicago, came to Galesburg, 
 on the loth of December, 1895. It was on that day that The Continental opened 
 its doors for business at No. 7 Main street, Mr. Stern having established the 
 business of which he made Mr. Little the manager. The trade grew so rapidly 
 that within a year and a half The Continental was forced to seek larger quarters, 
 and in September 1897 removed to their present location at Nos. 152 and 154 
 East Main street. In May, 1906, the business was incorporated with Mr. Stem 
 as president, N. J. Ullman, vice president and treasurer, S. Schiff, secretary and 
 Oscar H. Little, manager. On the I5th of December, 1908, a fire broke out and 
 that part of the store which was not destroyed by the fiames was damaged by 
 water, and the entire remaining stock was then sold to the Underwriters' Salvage 
 Company. For three months Mr. Little was out of business, during which time 
 the room was being refitted and an entire, new stock assembled. The firm is now 
 again successfully conducting a large enterprise in Galesburg, each year having 
 witnessed steady growth in their trade. They carry a large and well selected line 
 of goods, and the business policy of the house is based upon progressive methods 
 and irreproachable commercial integrity. 
 
 On the i8th of February, 1889, Mr. Little was united in marriage with Miss 
 Mary Long, a daughter of James and Mary Long, of Newton, Iowa. Unto this 
 marriage was born a son, Harlan William, whose birth occurred at Newton, Iowa, 
 February 28, 1890, and who is now connected with The Continental. After los- 
 ing his first wife, who died in 1892, Mr. Little was again married September 9, 
 1902, his second union being with Miss Mae Starnes, a daughter of P. M. and 
 Mahala J. (Van Horn) Starnes, of Ipava, Illinois. Hei- father was born near 
 Nashville, Tennessee, November lO, 1837, and her mother's birth occurred in 
 Harrisville, Ohio, October 8, 1845. For some time the father was engaged in 
 merchandising at Ipava, Illinois. He is a republican in his political views, and 
 both he and his wife are members of the Methodist Episcopal church, loyal to its 
 teachings and active in its work. 
 
 Mr. Little is a member of the Galesburg Club, the Retail Merchants' Associa- 
 tion and the Elks Lodge. For a number of years he was connected with the Elks 
 Lodge at Monmouth and was one of the petitioners for the establishment of the 
 Elks Lodge at Galesburg. His friends, and they are many, find in him a social, , 
 
 
526 HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY 
 
 genial gentleman, courteous and obliging. His business associates know him as 
 a reliable, enterprising merchant, and one whose success has been honorably 
 achieved, and is therefore well deserved. Galesburg numbers him among her lead- 
 ing citizens, and the position is one to which he has attained by his own earnest 
 efforts. ' -,;.;;.:. ..\' ^ ;,.; -^rs-v /''..:;' ;-:i:';:^' ;'--:; 
 
 ':.'.;: :;,.;' /-^ :,:,;. , BYRON A. STEVENS.,';-"-^- '..;: ;>v'-:.', 
 
 In the record of Byron A. Stevens are found many qualities such as com- 
 mand confidence and respect. His influence was always on the side of material, 
 political, intellectual and moral progress. He was always loyal to duty, mani- 
 festing the same splendid qualities which he displayed when a soldier on the 
 field of battle, defending the stars and stripes. 
 
 / . Mr. Stevens was born in Westford, Vermont, September 9, 1841, a son of 
 
 ; Cassius P. and Clamentia (Smith) Stevens. The father was born in Essex, 
 
 .' Vermont, January ii, 1815, and the mother's birth occurred in Monkton, Ver- 
 
 . mont, on the 4th of June, 1814. Cassius Stevens was a farmer by occupation 
 
 and always remained a resident of the Green Mountain state. His pplitical alle- 
 
 . glance was given to the republican party. Mrs. Stevens was a member of the 
 
 ; Methodist Episcopal church. To them were born two sons, the younger, Loren, 
 
 being a resident of Galesburg, Illinois. Both Cassius Stevens and his wife passed 
 
 -: away in Essex, Vermont; the former on the 5th of February, 1892, and the 
 
 latter on July 27, 1876. '-;''. :;;'^ :v ''^ r-.' . 
 
 Byron A. Stevens pursued his education in the schools of Vermont, com- 
 
 - : pleting his course in the Classical Institute at Essex. He afterward took up 
 
 the profession of teaching, which he followed for three or four years prior to 
 
 the outbreak of the Civil war. With the beginning of hostilities his patriotic 
 
 ' ; spirit was aroused and later he enlisted as a private. However, he was at once 
 
 made first lieutenant of Company H of the One Hundred and Ninth Colored 
 
 Infantry and served until the close of the war, making an honorable record by 
 
 reason of his loyalty and his fearlessness. 
 
 When the country no longer needed his military aid, Mr. Stevens returned 
 to Essex, Vermont, and again engaged in teaching school. He was also superin- 
 tendent of schools of Essex for several years. For a short time he conducted 
 .; a store. Later he turned his attention to the insurance business, in which he 
 was engaged for a number of years. In the fall of 1877 he came to Galesburg, 
 , ; Illinois, where he entered the employ of George W. Brown in the capacity of 
 > traveling salesman. For several years he remained upon the road and was then 
 V called to the office, where he proved a valuable man, his previous broad ex- 
 ' perience and knowledge of the business giving him understanding of what was 
 ': : necessary in his office work as manager of the sales department. At all times 
 . he was thoroughly reliable and progressive, and he bore an excellent reputation 
 
 ;: in business circles. 
 
 . '.' On the 7th of December, 1862, Mr. Stevens was united in marriage to Miss 
 
 : Hannah M. Drury, who was born in Westford, Vermont, December 21, 1840, 
 
 : .' a daughter of Jacob K. and Caroline (Bascom) Drury. Her father was born 
 
586/':V HISTORY OF KXOX COUNTY 
 
 genial gentleman, courteous and obliging. His business associates know him as 
 a reliable, enterprising merchant, and one whose success has been honorably 
 achieved, and is therefore well deserved. Galesburg numbers him among her lead- 
 ing citizens, and the position is one to which he has attained by his own earnest 
 efforts, . 
 
 ,:-;: BYROX A. STEVEXS. 
 
 In the record of Ilyron A. Stevens are found many (|ualities such as com- 
 mand confidence and res])ect. His influence was always on the side of material, 
 jwlitical, intellectual and moral jirogress. He was always loyal to duty, mani- 
 festing the same splendid (|ualities which he displayed when a soldier on the 
 field of battle, defcMiding tlie stars and stripes. 
 
 Mr. Stevens was born in \Vestford, \'ermont, September 9, 1841, a son of 
 Cassius \\ and Clamentia (Smith) Stevens, The father was born in Essex, 
 \'erinont, January ii, 1815, and the mother's birth occurred in Monkton, \'er- 
 mont, on the 4tli of June, 1814, Cassius Stevens was a farmer by occupation 
 and always remained a resident of the dreen Mountain state. His political alle- 
 giance was given to the republican party. Mrs. Stevens was a member of the 
 Methodist Iq)iscopal church. To them were born two sons, the younger, Loren, 
 being a resident of (lalesljurg, Illinois. I'.oth Cassius Stevens and his wife passed 
 away in I'>sex, X'ermont ; the former on the 5th of February, 1892, and the 
 latter on July 27, 1876. . 
 
 ISyron A. Stevens jjursued his education in the schools of X'ermont, com- 
 pleting his course in the Classical Institute at Essex. He afterward took up 
 the profession of teaching, which lie followed for three or four years prior to 
 the outbreak (tf the Civil war. \\'ith the heginning of hostilities his patriotic 
 spirit was aroused and later he enlisted as a private. However, he was at once 
 made first lieutenant of C'ompany 11 of the One Hundred and X'inth Colored 
 Infantry and served until the close of the war, making an honorable record by 
 reasfin of his loyalty and his fearlessness. 
 
 When the country no longer needed his military aid, Mr. Stevens returned 
 to Essex, \'ermont, and again engaged in teaching school. He was also superin- 
 tendent of schools of Essex for several years. I'or a short time he conducted 
 a store. Later he turned his attention to the insurance business, in which he 
 was engaged for a number of years. In the fall of 1877 he came to Galesburg, 
 Illinois, where he entered the employ of (icorge \\'. I'.rown in the ca|)acity of 
 traveling -alesman. I'or several years he remained upon the road and was then 
 called to the office, where he proved a valuable man, his jjrevious broad ex- 
 ])erience and knowledge of the I)usiness giving him understanding of what was 
 necessary in his office work as manager of the sales department. At all times 
 he was thoroughly reliable and |)rogrcs<ivc, and he bore an excellent re|)Utation 
 in business circle-^. 
 
 On the 7th of December, 1862, Mr. Stevens was united in marriage to ^liss 
 Hannah ^I, Drury, who was horn in \\'estfonl, \'ennont, December 21, 1840, 
 a daughter of Jacob K. and Caroline diascom") Drury. Her father was born 
 
:V;j:-'- HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY >^ 529 
 
 at Milton, Vermont, March 30, 1808. His wife's birth occurred in Fairfax, 
 Vermont, August i, iSiS. Mr. Drury was a farmer by occupation, devoting 
 his early life to the tilling of the soil, but later he established a brick manu- 
 factory at Essex, which he conducted up to the time of his death on the agth 
 of September, 1889. For about three years he had survived his wife, who 
 passed away November 9, 1886. In his political views Mr. Drury was a republi- 
 can, and for a time he represented his district in the state legislature. He was 
 also prominent in local political circles. For many years he served on the official 
 board of the Methodist Episcopal church, of which both he and his wife were 
 members. 
 
 Three children were born to Mr. and Mrs. Stevens: Arthur L., who was 
 born in Essex, Vermont, April 25, 1867, and who is now a traveling salesman, 
 making his home in Minneapolis ; Charlie S., who was born October 6, 1869, 
 and died February 19, 1874 ; and Mabel, who was born at Essex, June 28, 1872, 
 and makes her home with her mother in Galesburg, Illinois. She was graduated 
 from Knox College in 1895 and later became a teacher in the public schools of 
 Galesburg. '; > ' - 
 
 Mr, Stevens was a loyal member of the Masonic fraternity and exemplified 
 in his life the beneficent spirit of the craft. He also belonged to the Independent 
 Order of Odd Fellows, and to the Grand Army post at Galesburg, and he was 
 for many years a member of the Galesburg Club. Although he had never united 
 with the church, in his religious belief he was in sympathy with the Methodist 
 Episcopal church, of which his wife and daughter are' members. In his political 
 views he was a republican, believing that the principles of the party contained 
 the best elements of good governnlent, yet he never sought or desired office. 
 .;<; Mr. Stevens' genial manner, his kindly disp>osition, and his unfailing courtesy 
 made him popular wherever he was known. He passed away November 19, 
 1895, leaving behind him a circle of warm friends, to whom he was endeared 
 by reason of his sterling traits of character. 
 
 HARRY E. MAIN. ':,(/-/,-': '', ^\'--'\ !.:::., 
 
 Only twenty-six years of age Harry E. Main has already made a place for 
 himself among the enterprising and progressive business men of Knox county, 
 and as the manager of the Terry Lumber Company for the past five years, in 
 charge of the yards at Wataga when the company was first organized and for 
 the past three years filling a similar position at Oneida, has demonstrated his 
 executive ability and efficiency. He was born in Galesburg township, August 15, 
 1885, a son of Charles A. and Harriet (Mosher) Main, natives of New York, 
 where the grandfather, Thomas Main, was engaged in agriculture until well on 
 in years, when he came west and settled in Boone, Iowa. The father was for 
 twenty-four years in the employ of the Chicago, Burlington & Quincy Railroad 
 until he gave up this connection and took charge of a farm of eighty acres which 
 he had purchased some years previously and on which he had done occasional 
 labor by way of variation from the confining nature of the duties which devolved 
 upon him in his capacity as passenger conductor. He found great pleasure in the 
 
530 ' HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY' 
 
 open-air work, tilling the fields, and sowing and gathering the crops, continuing 
 in this occupation from about 1880 until some years ago, when he met with a _ 
 runaway in which he was fatally injured. His widow resides in Marshall, Michi- 
 gan, with her daughter. There were three children in the family: Frances M,, 
 who is the wife of J. G. France, the manager of a fruit farm ; Earl T., who was 
 killed in a railroad wreck at Marshalltown, Iowa, in the spring of 1910, just five 
 months after his marriage; and Harry E. 
 
 Living in Knox county all his life Harry E. Main obtained his education here 
 first in the elementary schools, and later in the high school at Galesburg. He 
 secured employment with the Terry and Lewis Lumber Company at Galesburg 
 and remained with them fourteen months working in the yards. He then went 
 to Wataga, Illinois, and took charge of the management of the yards of the Terry 
 Lumber Company just organized in that town, filling this position for a year and 
 a half when he was transferred, in 1908, to their lumber yards at Oneida and has 
 been here ever since. He is dependable in the execution of his duties and has a 
 promising future before him. He is also interested in a farm of two hundred 
 acres near Delavan, Faribault county, Minnesota. ; :v\ U -' : :.' v 1 ; ' 
 
 Mr. -Main was united in marriage to Miss Sadie Graves, on November 22, 
 1906. Her parents were George and Minnie (Sherman) Graves, and came from 
 New Hampshire, her father, who was a grain dealer at Wataga, being now de- 
 ceased. The mother is residing in Wataga. I. 
 
 In his political persuasion Mr. Main is republican and has been called upon 
 to serve as city treasurer. He is an enthusiastic worker in fraternal circles, be- 
 longing to Lodge No. 894, B. P. O. E. of Galesburg, to the Modern Woodmen 
 of America and to the Mystic Workers. Mr. and Mrs. Main are social favorites 
 among the younger set in Oneida and have many warm friends among the older 
 people as well, being considerate and courteous towards all. . . . 
 
 ;:-;:V:-;-': JOSEPH FISHER. : 'r' 
 
 Joseph Fisher, who has been a resident of Knox county for over sixty years, 
 is residing on section 28, Ontario township, Knox county, where he is engaged 
 in farming. He was born on the 27th of May, 1831, in Lancaster, England, his 
 parents being David and Jane (Morris) Fisher, both of whom were natives of 
 England. The father, whose birth occurred in Lancaster, engaged in mining. 
 When the family came to America in 1833 they settled first in Canada but five 
 years later crossed over into the United States, where they located in Ohio, for 
 a short time previous to going to Henry county, Illinois. Mr. Fisher passed away 
 in that county, in January, 1844, and Mrs. Fisher's death occurred in 1876, at the 
 home of her son Joseph in Knox county. 
 
 Joseph Fisher received his education in the little log cabin district school- 
 house, but the duties which naturally fell to him, the eldest son, after his father's 
 death made any advanced studying impossible, and in April of that year he re- 
 moved to Sparta township with his mother. The same year, at the early age of 
 fourteen years, he started to make his own way in the world by accepting em- 
 ployment on a farm until he was able to purchase land for himself. His first 
 
v; i-Vi;-r ^:;;^ ; : V HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY ^ ;,::'; 531 
 
 purchase was an eighty acre plot which cost him one dollar per acre at the time 
 but subsequently he had to pay six hundred and fifty dollars, in order to obtain 
 a clear title to the property. He and his wife own two hundred and forty acres, 
 all of which has been brought under a profitable state of cultivation. His entire 
 active career has been devoted to agricultural pursuits, general farming and dairy- 
 ing having received the greater part of his attention. 
 
 On October 20, 1852, Mr. Fisher was married to Miss Emily Fisher. Her 
 death occurred in 1888 and besides her husband she was survived by an adopted 
 daughter, Nellie. Mrs. Fisher was born in Kentucky, in 1834, and was one of 
 three children born to Woodford Fisher, all of whom are now deceased. Her 
 parents removed to Marshall county, Illinois, when she was very young and later 
 came to Knox county. Joseph Fisher was again married, his second union being 
 with Elizabeth Pittard, whom he married on the 3Oth of October, 1890. She was 
 
 . a daughter of Viel and Jane (Kember) Pittard, who came to America in 1854 
 and located in Knox county in the following year. They were both natives of 
 Somersetshire, England. The father was a blacksmith by trade in his native land 
 and also for a short time in the United States before engaging in agricultural pur- 
 suits. His death occurred in Ontario township on the 5th of July, i88i, when he 
 was sixty-eight years of age. Mrs. Pittard was tx)m May 5, i8ii, and was mar- 
 ried on the 24th of December, 1838. She was a member of the Congregational 
 church and her death occurred at the age of seventy-eight years, July 7, 1889. 
 Five children were bom to this union, the eldest having died in infancy. 
 
 ; Mr. Fisher is an active member of the republican party and has been elected 
 to office many times. For three terms he served as road commissioner, for two 
 years as highway commissioner and for three terms in the county court. For 
 over sixty-five years he has been connected with the agricultural interests of 
 Knox county and during that time has done his share in developing the resources 
 of the soil of the county, a work which has called for self denial, the encounter- 
 ing of hardships, persistent, hard labor and the ability to give constant applica- 
 tion to an undertaking not always showing immediate profits. -:..:-; 
 
 -:;';' .^-'''. " ^v V- '.'.": BEN J. HUFF, JR. -.::;.'- . '.V,.'^- '-;;.:; 
 
 Ben J. Huflf, Jr., who for the past four years has been city clerk of Gales- 
 burg, has the distinction of being the youngest man ever elected to that office in 
 the city. He is a native son, his birth having occurred here, on the 6th of January, 
 1883, ^nd he is the younger of two children born of the marriage of Ben J. and 
 Mary (Phillips) Huff. Their elder child is a daughter, Helen, the wife of Harry 
 N. Thurman, of Galesburg. Ben J. Huff was born in Kentucky, the son of 
 George N. and Elizabeth Huff, also natives of that state. In his early boyhood 
 the parents removed to Indiana, where he was reared to manhood, later becom- 
 ing a resident of Illinois. In 1870 he came to Galesburg and entered the repair 
 yards of the Chicago, Burlington & Quincy Railroad, and there he has ever since 
 been employed. He proved to be a trustworthy and efficient workman and was 
 promoted from time to time until he is now general foreman of the car depart- 
 ment. The grandfather, who was a veteran of the Civil war, was also an employe 
 
532 HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY f^:V^ ;--.,; 
 
 of the "Q," but had withdrawn from active life prior to his death, which oc- ; 
 curred at the age of eighty-five years. The grandmother was sixty when she 
 passed away. They also had two children: Ben J., the father of our subject; 
 and Helen, who married T. C. Salvetor, a master car builder. The maternal 
 grandparents were Edward and Adelia Phillips, who were among the pioneer ^ 
 settlers of Galesburg. They both lived to attain a ripe old age, Mrs. Phillips 
 having been killed by a train at Clinton, Illinois, at the age of ninety-six years. 
 They had three children : Charles, Mina, and Mary, the mother of our subject. 
 In religious faith Ben J. Huff was reared a Methodist and his wife a Roman : 
 Catholic. Mrs. Huff was born in Galesburg and here she has passed her entire 
 life. 
 
 The life of Ben J. Huff, Jr., up to the age of eight years was very similar to ; 
 that of other lads otthe same circumstances. At that time, however, he had the - 
 misfortune to be kicked by one of his schoolmates, and the injuries sustained 
 made of him a permanent cripple. He attended the public schools in the acquire- 
 ment of his education, and after he was graduated from the high school he en- 
 tered Brown's Business College, where he pursued a commercial course. When 
 qualified to begin earning his own living he entered the offices of the "Q" in the 
 capacity of stenographer. He continued in this capacity until 1903, when he ; 
 resigned to enter upon the duties of assistant city clerk. He was retained in 
 this position for four years, and at the expiration of that period, in 1907, was the 
 successful candidate for the office of city clerk, of which he is still the incum- 
 bent. That Mr. Huff has proven to be well qualified for the responsibilities of 
 this position and that he has discharged his duties with efficiency is manifested 
 by the length of his term. 
 
 On the 9th of July, 1905, Mr. Huff was married to Miss .May Winifred Ful- 
 ler, who was born in Bedford, Taylor county, Iowa, and is a daughter of Marshall ; 
 and Mary Fuller. One child has been born to them, Charles Raymond. 
 
 Mr. and Mrs. Huff manifest their religious views through their membership 
 in the Baptist church, and fraternally he is affiliated with the Independent Order 
 of Odd Fellows and the Benevolent Protective Order of Elks. He is also a v 
 member of the Galesburg and Crescent Oubs. In his political views he is a 
 republican, considering that the policy of this party is best adapted to subserve 
 the high.est interests of the majority. Mr. and Mrs. Huff have a very pleasant 
 home at No. 215 North Chambers street, the hospitality of which is freely ex- 
 tended to their large circle of acquaintances. 
 
 ::;-;>>; : CHARLES E. HOLMES. :--:',; :-:;V ^^./V.' 
 
 A capably tilled farm of three hundred and twenty acres located on section 
 15, Ontario township, does full credit to the agricultural skill of Charles 
 E. Holmes, one of the estimable citizens Sweden has furnished Knox county. 
 His birth occurred in Sweden, on the nth of December, 1864, his parents being 
 N. P. and Anna (Larson) Holmes. The father, who was also a farmer, en- 
 gaged in the cultivation of land in his native country until 1875, when he emi- 
 grated to the United States. He arrived in Oneida, this county, on the 5th of 
 
:,V^ ^^' /. V ^ HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY ';:;.-- V; 533 ^. 
 
 August, 1875, and took up his residence with a son, who had preceded him to : 
 
 America, continuing to make his home with him until his death in February, . 
 
 1910, at the advanced age of ninety-two years. 
 
 Charles E. Holmes had his attention turned to agricultural pursuits when still 
 a small lad, his early energies being devoted to assisting with the lighter duties .. 
 about the farm. These increased with the development of his strength and 
 sense of responsibility during the passing years, and by the time he had attained 
 his maturity he was familiar with the practical methods of agriculture. For 
 twenty-two years he has now lived on his present farm, leasing the land from Mr, 
 A. B. Anderson. Mr. Holmes is a practical man and devotes his fields to such = v ; . 
 cereals as he feels are best adapted to the soil, the plowing, planting and har- 
 vesting being given his personal attention. In connection with general farming 
 he raises stock, making a specialty of feeding cattle and hogs for the market. -- / - 
 His farm is fully equipped with all modern appliances, essential to the pursuit 
 of agriculture and everything about the place is suggestive of the business . 
 sagacity and spirit of progress that, invariably characterize Mr. Holmes' under- . ; 
 takings. '' -v '' ''-'.^ "'^Jj-;.-:'- .. 
 
 On the 28th of March, 1890, Mr. Holmes was united in marriage to Miss ; 
 Minnie Rosene, adopted daughter of John Rosene, and they have become the par- ' .' 
 ents of eleven children: Walter, Everett, William, Forrest, Laveme, Harold, .- , 
 Robert, Frankie, Ebbie, Wendell and Richard. .! - ' 
 
 Ever since granted the right of franchise through naturalization, Mr. Holmes '^ ^ ^ 
 has given his support to the men and measures of the republican party, and at ,: . 
 the present time is acting as school director. Fraternally he is a member of ,. 
 Oneida Camp, No. 555, M. W. A. Mr. Holmes is another energetic foreigner, . . 
 who has clearly demonstrated that it is possible to attain prosperity in America v 
 by close application and unceasing industry, as he began without any capital ' 
 
 save his ambition and determination of purpose. . ' . . 
 
 ; : ; V /; ' WILLIAM STEPHEN SON. r .-;'.; :: '' iv 
 
 It is a notable fact that the native sons of Scotland who have come to our 
 shores to delve with their hands and work with their brains have added a leaven 
 in our melting-f>ot of nations that has left its stamp upon the character of our 
 people infusing a firmer virility and a note of greater seriousness. Of this type 
 is William Stephenson, born January 20, 1833, the son of George and Isabella 
 (McMillan) Stephenson. The father was a stone mason by trade and in the 
 fall of 1850 came to America and took up his residence in New Orleans. Soon 
 after, however, he moved northward and settled in Knox county, buying a farm 
 of eighty acres in Copley township, where he lived until the time of his death 
 in 1883. The death of the mother occurred at an earlier date. There were nine 
 children in the Stephenson family, of whom one died before they left Scotland, 
 while only three are living now, namely : William Stephenson ; his brother, George 
 Stephenson of Oneida, whose biography appears elsewhere in this volume ; and 
 a sister, Mrs. David Hamilton. The father was a republican in politics and with 
 his family worshipped in the Presbyterian church. ,. - ...--;.-...., 
 
534 ' HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY 
 
 William Stephenson received a common-school education and became self- 
 supporting at an early age, securing employment with Robert McCormick for 
 his first year at a wage of eight dollars a month. He worked seven years more 
 under several other employers until, in 1857, he engaged in farming on his own 
 account and continued in this calling, operating a farm of eighty acres in On- 
 tario township, until 1906 when he retired, and removed to Oneida. He owns 
 no land now but has disposed of his holdings and is freed from all the respon- 
 sibilities which the possession of property entails. 
 
 On November 25, 1858, the marriage of William Stephenson and Miss Susan 
 Cornish, a daughter of Thomas and Susan Cornish of Knox county, occurred. 
 Mrs. Stephenson passed away in November, 1882, leaving two children: Eliza- 
 beth, the wife of John McCullough, who lives on a farm at Princeton, Illinois, 
 and has two children, both high-school graduates; and Fred, a graduate of the 
 high school of Oneida, who is in business at St. Joseph, Missouri, is married and 
 has one child. Mr. Stephenson married again on May 6, 1886, his second union 
 being with Rachel Wood, a daughter of Alexander and Mary (Phillips) Wood, 
 and a native of Scotland. Her father died when she was a little girl and her 
 mother later became the wife of Lockhart Leighton, coming to this country in 
 1853 and settling in Copley township, Knox county. 
 
 In his fraternal relations Mr. Stephenson is affiliated with the Oneida Lodge, 
 F. & A. M. In politics he is a strong worker in the republican party, sup- 
 porting this party's measures and voting for its candidates. He served twelve 
 years as alderman of Oneida. Mr. and Mrs. Stephenson are members of the 
 Congregational church and give their active and sincere aid in spreading the 
 spirit of Christianity by their devotion to truth and righteousness and their 
 good-will towards men. ., - " - .J- , - : . 
 
 V ;;;:, LAKE W. SANBORN. r-VJ:.;/:;.' 
 
 Lake W. Sanborn, well known in Galesburg as a representative of insurance 
 interests and also as secretary of the Mechanics' Homestead & Loan Associa- 
 tion, was bom in Brimfield, Peoria county, Illinois, January lo, 1845, his 
 parents being David and Sophia A. (Ramsay) Sanborn, who were natives of 
 Vermont and of Walpole, New Hampshire, respectively. The former was left 
 an orphan at an early age and in his childhood became a member of the house- 
 hold of the Lake family of Vermont. His first employment was in connection 
 with the sale of the old Mitchell school map and atlas but, feeling that his busi- 
 ness opportunities in New England were more limited than he desired and that 
 better advantages could be obtained in the middle west, he made his way to the 
 Mississippi valley in 1846 and settled at Winchester, Illinois, where he lived for 
 a year. He next removed to Peoria county, where he engaged in farming until 
 1851, when he came to Knox county, settling in Galesburg. He was a man of 
 high character, resolute and purposeful, and at all times held to advanced stand- 
 ards of manhood and citizenship. While in Peoria county he was chosen to 
 represent his district in the state legislature. After coming to Galesburg he 
 occupied a prominent and honored position in financial circles in connection 
 
HISTORY OF KXOX COUXTY 
 
 \\'illiani Stephenson received a common-school education and became self- 
 supporting at an early age, securing employment with Robert AlcCormick for 
 his first year at a wage of eight dollars a month. He worked seven years more 
 under several other employers until, in 1857, he engaged in farming on his own 
 account and continued in this calling, operating a farm of eighty acres in On- 
 tario township, until 1906 when he retired, and removeil to Oneida. He owns 
 no land now but has disposed of his holdings and is freed from all the respon- 
 sibilities which the i)ossession of property entails. 
 
 On November 25, 1858, the marriage of William Stephenson and Miss Susan 
 Cornish, a daughter of Thomas and Susan Cornish of Knox county, occurred. 
 Mrs. Stephenson passed away in November, 1882, leaving two children : Eliza- 
 beth, the wife of John McCuIlough, who lives on a farm at Princeton, Illinois, 
 and has two children, both high-school graduates; and Fred, a graduate of the 
 high school of Oneida. who is in business at St. Joseph, ^Missouri, is married and 
 has one child. Mr. Stephenson married again on ]\Iay 6, 1886, his second union 
 being with Rachel Wood, a daughter of Alexander and Mary (Phillips) Wood, 
 and a native of Scotland. Her father died when she was a little girl and her 
 mother later became the wife of Lockhart Leighton, coming to this country in 
 1853 and settling in Copley township. Knox county. 
 
 In his fraternal relations Mr. Stephenson is affiliated with the Oneida Lxjdge, 
 F. & A. M. In politics he is a strong worker in the republican party, sup- 
 porting this party's measures and voting for its candidates. He served twelve 
 years as alderman of Oneida. Mr. and Mrs. Ste])henson are members of the 
 Congregational church and give their active and sincere aid in spreading the 
 spirit of Christianity by their devotion to truth and righteousness and their 
 good-will towards men. . ... 
 
 : LAKK W. SANBORX. / - 
 
 Lake \\ . Sanl)i)rn, ucll kiioxvii in (.ialesburg as a representative of insurance 
 interests and also as secretary of the .Niechanics' Homestead & Loan Associa- 
 tion, was born in IJrimfield, I'eoria county, Illinois, January lo, 1845, his 
 parents being David and So])hia A. (Ramsay) Sanborn, who were natives of 
 \ermont and of \\ alpf)le. New Ham|)shire, respectively. The former was left 
 an orphan at an early age and in liis childhood became a member of the house- 
 hold of tlie Lake family of X'crniont. His first eiiii)l()ynient was in connection 
 with the sale of the old ^litchell school map and atlas 1)Ut, feeling that Iiis busi- 
 ness opportunities in Xew England were more limited than he desired and that 
 better advantages could be obtained in the middle west, he made his way to the 
 Mississippi valley in 1846 and settled at \\'inchester. Illinois, where he lived for 
 a year. He next removed to Peoria comity, where he engaged in farming until 
 1851, when he came to Knox county, settling in Galesburg. He was a man of 
 high character, resolute and purposeful, and at all times held to advanced stand- 
 ards of manhood and citizenship. While in Peoria county he was chosen to 
 represent his district in the state legislature, .\fter coming to Galesburg he 
 occupied a prominent and honored position in financial circles in connection 
 
_ ; /V>;;A HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY ^: ;: 537 
 
 with the old Second National Bank, which he organized and of which he re- 
 mained the president for forty years. At length that institution was merged 
 into the People's Trust & Savings Bank. Nor was this his only contribution 
 to the business stability and progress of the county and district. He was the first 
 treasurer of the Chicago, Burlington & Quincy Railroad Company ; for years 
 was treasurer of Lombard College ; and was long actively interested in the 
 development of Galesburg, his labors proving of practical benefit in its upbuilding 
 and progress. During the period of the Civil war he served as United States 
 assessor and for three years was city assessor of Galesburg. In every relation 
 of life his record would bear the closest investigation and scrutiny and stands 
 as an example that others may well follow. He died in 1883, when more than 
 sixty-nine years of age, and his wife, surviving him, passed away in January, '' 
 1910, in her ninetieth year. Both were members of the Universalist church and 
 their recognition of the obligations of life was manifest in a helpful spirit to- 
 ward all mankind. They became the parents of a family of six children, of 
 whom four are now living, namely: William D., a resident of San Francisco, 
 California; Ellen S., the wife of Professor George Churchill; Mary S., the 
 wife of James K. Mitchell; and Lake W. The last three are all residents of 
 Galesburg. Two daughters, Lelia R. and Hattie, have both passed away, the 
 former in early womanhood and the latter when six years of age. !: 
 
 Lake W. Sanborn, so called because of his father's appreciation of the kind- 
 ness of those who had given to him parental care and protection when he was 
 left an orphan, was but six years of age when the family came to Galesburg 
 and here he has since made his home. After attending the public schools he 
 continued his education in Lombard College and later served an apprenticeship 
 at the machinist's trade but put aside all business cares and other personal con- ' 
 siderations when the country became involved in Civil war, enlisting as a mem- ; 
 ber of Company D, One Hundred and Thirty-ninth Illinois Volunteer Infantry, 
 in 1864. He was then but nineteen years of age and he served until the close 
 of hostilities, holding the rank of sergeant. After the war he followed his 
 trade for a time and then spent two years as a clerk in the employ of H. A. 
 Watkins & Brother. He entered the insurance field in 1867 and therein still 
 continues, his usefulness and, therefore, his success increasing in that field. In 
 1882 he organized the Mechanics' Homestead & Loan Association, nor did 
 this comprise the limit of his activities, and his serviceable work is a factor in 
 the upbuilding of Galesburg. In 1905 he was called to the office of mayor and 
 during a two years' term gave to the city a businesslike administration charac- 
 terized by needed reform and by substantial progress. In 1907-8 he was presi- ' 
 dent of the United States League of Building and Loan Associations and during . 
 the past ten years has been treasurer of the State League of Building and Loan 
 Associations of Illinois. For years he was a director of the old Second National 
 Bank and he also promoted the People's Traction Company, building an inter- ; 
 urban line from Galesburg to Abingdon. His brother, William D. Sanborn, ;' 
 now living in San Francisco, California, has been general western agent for the 
 Chicago, Burlington & Quincy Railroad for twenty-six years. 
 
 Mr. Sanbom has ever given his political allegiance to the republican party ' 
 nor has he seen cause to change his views, believing that the party has ever 
 
 endeavored to promote progress and to uphold the national honor in all the 
 Vol. n 14 
 
538 - HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY ^ ' I ^ ^^ ;. : 
 
 multitudinous phases of our national and international relations. Mr. Sanborn 
 is widely known in the Masonic fraternity, holding membership in Vesper Lodge, 
 A. F. & A. M. ; Galesburg Chapter, No. 46, R. A. M. ; Galesburg Commandery, 
 K. T. ; and Mohammed Temple of the Nobles of the Mystic Shrine. He is also 
 identified with Galesburg Lodge, No. 142, L O. O. F. ; Galesburg Lodge, No. 
 894, B. P. O. E. ; and sustains pleasant relations with his old army comrades as 
 a member of General Shields Post, No. 45, G. A. R. His activities have touched 
 many lines and many interests and have never been selfishly centered upon his 
 own advancement but have also constituted a valuable factor in the city's prog- 
 ress and improvement. His long residence in Galesburg and his sterling char- 
 acteristics have made his acquaintance a very wide one and the circle of his 
 friends is almost coextensive therewith. ' -:'-:,': 
 
 -=.; ; LEWIS W. PETERSON. -v; ;: 
 
 Lewis W. Peterson, who is residing on his farm in Sparta township, Knox 
 county, was born in Gestrikland, Sweden, on the 22d of February, 1858. He is 
 a son of Olaf Peterson and a grandson of Peter Peterson, who was the owner of 
 a very large estate in Sweden, which had been in the Peterson family for many 
 generations. His death occurred in 1863, when he was seventy years of age. 
 Olaf Peterson was born in i8i8 and died the second day after arriving in Amer- 
 ica in 1868. In his native land he had been the owner of a farm of nine hundred 
 acres, thus being one of the prominent and extensive agriculturists of his dis- 
 trict. He was a member of the Swedish Lutheran church. He was married to 
 Carrie Peterson, whose birth occurred in 1825 and who was a daughter of Peter 
 and Carrie Hanson. Mr. and Mrs. Peterson were the parents of six children 
 who came to America, four of whom were: Lewis W., the subject of this sketch; 
 Betsy, the wife of William N. Olson, of Galesburg; Christine, who became the 
 wife of A. J. Hubbard, a resident of South Dakota; and Cora, deceased, who was 
 married to Joe Gehring. Mrs. Peterson went to Oneida with her family after 
 her husband's death and resided there for three years before removing to Sparta 
 township, where they were engaged in farming for three years. The mother died 
 on a farm east of Wataga in 1893. 
 
 At the age of seventeen years Lewis W. Peterson began managing his mother's 
 farm, and continued till about the age of twenty-six, when he married and began 
 farming for himself. He continued his agricultural pursuits and in 1888 pur- 
 chased his present home, where he is now successfully engaged in general farm- 
 ing, stock-raising and threshing, always operating his own machinery. By 
 persistent effort and hard labor he has brought his property under a high state 
 of cultivation and is accounted one of the most able and successful agriculturists 
 in the township. 
 
 In 1883 Mr. Peterson was married to Miss Kate Faulkner, whose birth oc- 
 curred January 12, 1865, and who died on the i6th of August, 1910, at the age 
 of forty-five years. She was a daughter of George and Bertha (Emerson) Faulk- 
 ner, who were also engaged in agricultural pursuits and stock-raising. Mrs. r 
 Faulkner's birth occurred in 1838 and her family first located in Racine, Wiscon- 
 
-y'v;v: :' - .>;.: HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY . ;%-;: y 
 
 sin, before settling in Knox county. The grandfather, William J. Faulkner, who 
 was a native of New York state, was the first of the Faulkner family to locate in 
 Knox county. He was one of seven children, all of whom engaged in agricultural 
 pursuits. His death occurred on the old homstead in April, 1875, when he was 
 ninety-one years of age. George Faulkner was born on the I3th of November, 
 1827, in Orange county. New York, and removed with his parents in 1839 to 
 Sparta township. Throughout his life Mr. Faulkner was a stanch republican and 
 did much to further the success of his party in Sparta township. His death oc- ' 
 cured in February, 1904. In her early life Mrs. Peterson was a member of the - 
 Methodist church but one year before her death affiliated with the Congregational 
 church. She was a member of the Ladies' Aid Society and was eligible to mem- . 
 bership in the Daughters of the American Revolution, the Faulkner family, who . 
 were residents of New York city, having been represented in the Revolutionary :; 
 war. To Mr. and .Mrs. Peterson three children have been born. Harry was bom C 
 February 6, 1888, and married Miss Eleanor Douglas Gilmer, a daughter of John . 
 Gilmer, of Quincy, who is state's attorney, and whose mother-in-law, Nancy N. :\ 
 Crippen, is the oldest living person in Adams county. Harry Peterson is at pres- .f 
 ent aiding in the management and cultivation of his father's farm. Edith, who 
 is eighteen years of age, is employed in a clerical capacity. One child died in 
 infancy. 
 
 Mr. Peterson is a member of the Congregational church and is active in its 
 various departments, being superintendent of the Sunday school and one of the > 
 deacons of the church. In politics he is a republican and has frequently held ;: 
 office, having been road commissioner and at present is serving as school trustee. 
 Though born across the water, Mr. Peterson is thoroughly American in thought . 
 and feeling and is patriotic and sincere in his love for the land of his adoption. : 
 His career is identified with the agricultural development of Knox county, where .' 
 he has met with unqualified success and where he is an honored and respected v 
 citizen. 
 
 ;//:;";';- --' 'C JAMES TANNEY. -0;''':''-::- -, :' .: 'r;- :,;-: ^X'-'-' 
 
 [ James Tanney, the owner and manager of the largest general mercantile store 
 in St. Augustine, Knox county, was born in County Roscommon, Ireland, 
 August 31, 1857. He is the third child born of the marriage of Patrick and 
 Catharine (Tiernan) Tanney, also natives of County Roscommon. The father, 
 who was a gardener and farmer in the old country, emigrated to the United 
 States with his wife and family in 1857, first locating in Upper Sandusky, Ohio. 
 After living there for five or six years they removed to Macomb, McDonough 
 county, Illinois, residing there until 1878, when they came to Knox county. 
 Upon their arrival here they located on a farm adjacent to St. Augustine, and 
 there Mr. Tanney passed away in 1910, at the age of eighty-five years and was 
 laid to rest in the Catholic cemetery of St. Augustine. He always took an in- 
 terest in local political affairs, giving his support to the candidates of the demo- 
 cratic party. The mother is still living at the age of seventy-five years and 
 continues to reside upon the family homestead. The family of Mr. and Mrs. 
 
540 - HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY 
 
 Tanney numbered eight: P. H., who is a farmer of Warren county; Winifred, 
 the wife of S. S. Strickland of Galesburg; James, our subject; John, chairman 
 of the grievance committee of the Burlington Railroad, Lincoln, Nebraska; 
 Anna, the wife of E. P. Burk, a farmer of St. Augustine, Illinois ; Kate, the 
 widow of John O'Mara, now residing with her mother ; Thomas L., a farmer 
 of Fulton county, Illinois ; and Frank, who is a train dispatcher of Galesburg. 
 
 As he was only an infant when his parents emigrated to the United States, 
 practically the entire life of James Tanney has been spent in this country. He 
 attended the common schools of Sciota, Illinois, in the acquirement of an edu- 
 cation, after which he learned the carpenter's trade. He remained at home 
 with his parents until he was twenty-three years of age when he went to Peoria, 
 following his trade in that city for three years. In 1883 he removed to Kansas 
 City, where for seven years he engaged in carpentry work. At the expiration 
 of that time he returned to Knox county, and here continued to pursue his 
 vocation as a carpenter for six years, and then came to St. Augustine and estab- 
 lished the business he has ever since conducted. This has proven to be very 
 lucrative, and in addition to his fine mercantile establishment Mr. Tanney has 
 acquired quite extensive real-estate interests in St. Augustine. 
 
 In 1887 Mr. Tanney established a home for himself by his marriage to Miss 
 Mary Comer, a native of Ohio. Four children have been born of this union : 
 Catherine Frances, the wife of Fred Barnfield, of Indian Point township ; and 
 Anna Gertrude, Mary Lillian, and Edward Joseph, all of whom are at home. 
 
 The family are all communicants of the Roman Catholic church, and Mr. 
 Tanney is a member of the Knights of Columbus, of Galesburg, and the Modern 
 Woodmen of America, of St. Augustine. In matters politic he accords his 
 support to the men and measures of the democratic party and served for one 
 term as justice of the peace, but his extensive personal interests have prevented 
 his taking a prominent part in municipal affairs of political nature. 
 
 -\ ;'' S^}^-.'\ ^ ; ' JOHN LAFFERTY. " '.; -,;''/:;-;;':-' :-:v. ^ 
 
 John Lafferty, who is a prosperous fanner of eighty acres, residing ori sec- 
 tion 13, Victoria township, was born in Lynn township, February 12, 1849. His 
 father, John Lafferty, was a native of Ashland, Ohio, and came to Illinois in 
 1839, settling in Lynn township, where he purchased one and one-half sections 
 of land and resided until his death, when he had reached the age of sixty-seven 
 years. His wife, Sarah (Slocum) Lafferty, whom he wedded in Ohio and who 
 was also a native of that state, survived him by several years, dying at the age 
 of eighty-two. They are both buried in McClennaghan cemetery. In connection 
 with farming the father was an auctioneer. In politics he was a republican and 
 very active in public work, serving as supervisor of the county, as justice of 
 the peace and as constable. In their family were seven children : Eleezer, Elias 
 and Euphemia, all of whom were bom in Ohio; and Edward, Royal, John and 
 Ophelia, who were born in Lynn township, Knox county, Illinois. . I -' : 
 
 John Lafferty, of this review, received his education in the common schools 
 of Lynn township and after his school days worked on his father's home place 
 
'"';^: ;.: : '-^ HISTORY OF KXOX COUNTY ,. / , 541 
 
 until 1870, when he settled on his present farm, which then belonged to his 
 father. He took the land in hand in raw condition, undertook its cultivation, 
 erected all the buildings and made all of the general improvements. He now 
 has a well developed place, where he engages in general farming and sells yearly 
 his products at a good margin of profit. = ; 
 
 : On the 15th of November, 1870, Mr. Lafferty was united in marriage to 
 Miss Vienna Stettler, who was a native of West Virginia, born December 17, 
 1852. Her parents were Robert and Margaret (Smith) Stettler, both of whom 
 were born and reared in West Virginia. The father, who was a democrat in 
 his political views, served in the Confederate army during the Civil war and 
 died of fever while in service, at the age of thirty-nine, in West \'irginia. The 
 mother died at the age of seventy-three and is buried in West Jersey, Stark 
 county, Illinois. They were the parents of five children : Alice ; Vienna, now Mrs. 
 John Laflerty ; Mary ; Christopher ; and Lemon. To Mr. and Mrs. Lafferty have 
 been born ten children: Loverna, who is the wife of Ed McNeal, of Peoria, Illi- 
 nois, and the mother of one child. Garland ; Laura, now Mrs. Harry Miller, of 
 Victoria township; Pless, of Maquon, Illinois, who married Rosa Sandal and 
 is the father of five children, Charles, Edwin, Mary, Agnes and Alice ; Walter, 
 who married Emma Parmelee and is principal of the Peoria high school ; Alfred, 
 who is a practicing physician and surgeon of La Rose, Marshall county, Illinois, 
 and is married to Eleanor Scott ; William, at home ; Florence, who is engaged in 
 teaching school; Fairy, who is a music teacher and the wife of Walter Heer; 
 Venus, who attends the common schools ; and Wylie, who is a pupil in the high 
 school at Maquon, Illinois. 
 
 Mr. Lafferty gives his political allegiance to the republican party but has 
 neither sought nor desired office. A man of strict integrity and of exemplary 
 habits, he is one of the best and most favorably known citizens of this vicinity. 
 
 \ ;;.;:'. ;-\v--; .Vf.^x';- ;.:-' CARL s. BURNSIDE. 'i' \\. ;' ,;;/;'i^^'^ ,;'vV:r 
 
 Carl S. Burnside, who is engaged in the operation of six hundred acres of 
 land in Chestnut township, four hundred and forty of which he owns, is num- 
 bered among the highly successful and prosperous agriculturists of Knox county. 
 He was born on the farm, where he now resides on the ist of April, 1873, ^"<1 
 is a son of William and Julian (Terry) Burnside. The father is a native of 
 Ohio, whence he was brought when a little child, to Illinois by his parents, who 
 located in Knox county and here spent the remainder of their lives. His father, 
 who was an agriculturist, acquired a tract of government land, in Chestnut town- 
 ship, to the cultivation and improvement of which he devoted his attention during 
 the remainder of his active career. It was there William Burnside was reared to 
 nianhood, and educated and trained for an agriculturist, this vocation engaging 
 his energies until his retirement in 1893, since which time he has made his home 
 in Galesburg. The mother, who was a native of Chestnut township, passed away 
 m 1895. Of the marriage of Mr. and Mrs. Burnside there were born six chil- 
 dren: Mark, who is a farmer in Chestnut township; Nellie, the wife of D. E. 
 Meeks, a resident of Galesburg; Charles, who is living in Maquon, Illinois ; Albert 
 
542 HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY ;--:l-:-: 
 
 G., who is a resident of Spirit Lake, Iowa ; Carl S., our subject ; and Fanny, 
 who is deceased. 
 
 The entire life of Carl S. Bumside has been spent in the community, where 
 he is now living. His boyhood and youth were very similar in every respect to 
 those of other lads of the neighborhood. He attended the district schools in 
 the acquirement of his early education, assisted with the work of the fields and 
 indulged in such sports as usually afforded amusement to country youths. After 
 completing the course of the country schools he went to Quincy, where he pur- 
 sued a business course, thus acquiring a more comprehensive knowledge of 
 modern commercial methods. Returning home he once more resumed agricul- 
 tural pursuits, having decided to adopt farming for his life work. He has been 
 very successful in his undertakings, having applied himself to the intelligent 
 direction of his affairs in accordance with the best accepted modern methods of 
 scientific farming. Clear judgment, practical ideas and unremitting energy are 
 the secrets of his prosperity. In addition to his own fine farm Mr. Burnside is 
 operating one hundred and sixty acres of land which he rents, thus making the 
 aggregate of the acreage he has under cultivation six hundred. He is also the 
 owner of a tract of land in the vicinity of Hereford, Texas. 
 
 Mr. Burnside has not married. He is a member of the Benevolent Pro- 
 tective Order of Elks, of Galesburg and of the Galesburg Club. His political 
 support he accords to the republican party, but his extensive interests have 
 always demanded so much of his time as not to permit of an active part in town- 
 ship affairs. Mr. Burnside is constantly forging ahead, his business sagacity 
 and progressive ideas making of him a practical agriculturist, who realizes that 
 success in farming as in any other vocation depends upon system and method in 
 the execution of the work. - . . .. 
 
 THOMAS JEFFERSON HUBBELL. / ,>: Js 
 
 Thomas Jefferson Hubbell is now practically living retired in Altona, al- 
 though he is filling the office of justice of the peace, being one of the oldest in 
 that position in Knox county, having first been elected in 1888. His long reten- 
 tion in this office is incontrovertible proof of the fairness and impartiality of his 
 decisions and of his devotion to duty. He was bom in Victoria township, this 
 county, April 14, 1842, and is therefore numbered among the older of its native 
 sons. His father, M. C. Hubbell, was born in Seneca county. New York, April 
 4, 1806, and reached a ripe old age, passing away December 28, 1884, his re- 
 mains being interred at Victoria. His educational privileges in youth were quite 
 limited for circumstances forced him to begin the battle of life early. Thus when 
 a young lad he worked on a small farm belonging to his j>arents. He was only 
 seven years of age when his father died in 1813, and at the age of ten years he 
 accompanied his mother on her removal to Delaware county, Ohio, remaining 
 at home with the family, consisting of two brothers and four sisters, in order 
 to aid in the support of his mother. The burdens and responsibilities of life 
 rested heavily on young shoulders and yet he bravely took up the duties that 
 awaited him. After reaching manhood he married Philena Buck, who was born 
 
THOMAS J, HUBBELL 
 
542 - HISTORY OF KXOX COUNTY 
 
 G., who is a resident of Spirit Lake, Iowa; Carl S., our siil)ject; and Fanny, 
 who is deceased. 
 
 The entire life of Carl S. lUirnside has been spent in the community, where 
 he is now living. His Ijoyhood and youth were very similar in every respect to 
 those of other lads of the neighborhood. He attended the district schools in 
 the ac(|uirement of his early education, assisted with the work of the fields and 
 indulged in such sports as usually afforded amusement to ccnintry youths. After 
 completing the course of the country schools he went to Ouincy. where he pur- 
 sued a business course, thus acquiring a more com])rehensive knowledge of 
 modern commercial methods. Returning home he once more resumed agricul- 
 tural pursuits, having decided to adopt farming for his life work. He has been 
 very successful in his undertakings, having applied himself to the intelligent 
 direction of his affairs in accordance with the best accepted modern methods of 
 scientific farming. Clear judgment, practical ideas and unremitting energy are 
 the secrets of his prosperity. In addition to his (nvn fine farm Mr. lUirnside is 
 operating one hundred and si.xty acres of land which he rents, thus making the 
 aggregate of the acreage he has under cultivation six hundred. He is also the 
 owner of a tract of land in tlie vicinity of Hereford, Texas. 
 
 Mr, Ilurnside has not married. He is a member of the Benevolent Pro- 
 tective Order of Elks, of Galesburg and of the Galesburg Club. His jxilitical 
 support he accords to the republican party, but his extensive interests have 
 always demanded so much of his time as not to ])ermit of an active part in town- 
 ship affairs. Mr. I'.urnside is constantly forging aliead, his business sagacity 
 and progressive ideas making of him a practical agriculturist, who realizes that 
 success in farming as in any other vocation depends upon system and method in 
 the execution of the work. 
 
 ; THOMAS JEFFERSON HL'IHSELL. 
 
 Thomas Jefferson Ilubbell is now practically living retired in Altona, al- 
 though he is filling the office of justice of the peace, being one of the oldest in 
 that ])osition in Knox county, having first been elected in 1888, His long reten- 
 tion in this office is incontrovertiljle proof of the fairness and impartiality (jf his 
 decisions and of his devotion to duty. He was lx)rn in Victoria township, this 
 county, April 14, 1842, and is therefore numbered among the older of its native 
 sons. His father, M. C. Hubbell, was bom in Seneca county. New York, April 
 4, 1806, and reached a ripe old age, passing away December 28, 1884, his re- 
 mains being interred at \'ictoria. His educational privileges in youth were cjuitc 
 limited for circumstances forced him to begin the battle of life early. Thus when 
 a young lad he worked on a small farm belonging to his parents. He was only 
 seven years of age when his father died in 1813, and at the age of ten years he 
 accompanied his mother on her removal to Delaware county, Ohio, remaining 
 at home with the family, consisting of two brothers and four sisters, in order 
 to aid in the sui)i)ort of his mother. The burdens and responsibilities of life 
 rested heavily on young shoulders and yet he bravely took up the duties that 
 awaited him. After reaching manhood he married Philena I'.uck, who was born 
 
THOMAS. I. Ill I5I5KLL 
 
HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY 
 
 545 
 
 in October, 1808, in Christian county. She was but four years of age when dur- 
 ing the progress of the war of 1812 she was taken to Ohio by her uncle, living 
 with his family until her marriage. Her uncle continued a resident fanner of 
 Ohio up to the time of his death. During the pioneer epoch in the history of 
 Knox county Mr. and Mrs. M. C. Hubbell came to this state and the father se- 
 cured land and devoted his attention to general agricultural pursuits. Following 
 his demise in 1884 his widow ever remained true to his memory and passed 
 away in Victoria, January 21, 1897. In the family were ten children of whom 
 four are yet living : Phoebe Philena, now the wife of N. J. Johnson, of McCook, 
 Nebraska ; Joseph L., who is living retired in Nebraska ; Ruth, the wife of David 
 Swickard, a resident of Victoria; and Thomas J., of this review, who is the 
 youngest living member of the family. 
 
 The boyhood days of Thomas J. Hubbell were spent upon the home farm 
 and almost as soon as old enough to handle the plow, he began work in the fields, 
 to which he devoted his time from early spring planting until crops were har- 
 vested in the late autumn. In the winter seasons he attended school until twenty 
 years of age, when he put aside all personal considerations that he might offer 
 his services to his country, then engaged in Civil war. He enlisted on the nth 
 of August, 1862, for three years as a member of Company K, Eighty-third Il- 
 linois Volunteer Infantry, under Captain George W. Reynolds, his regiment be- 
 ing assigned to duty with the Army of the Cumberland. He could not serve out 
 the entire term of his enlistment because of disability and was discharged on 
 the nth of January, 1865, at Clarksville, Tennessee. 
 
 ;-; When no longer able to remain at the front Mr. Hubbell returned to his home 
 in Victoria township and made farming his life work, continuing actively in the 
 labor of the fields until 1886, when he retired from' business life and removed 
 to Altona, where he has since enjoyed a well earned and well merited rest. While 
 upon the farm he carefully and systematically cultivated his fields and his well 
 directed business interests and unfaltering diligence brought him the competence 
 that now enables him to rest from further labor. 
 
 On the i6th of March, 1867, Mr. Hubbell was united in marriage to Miss 
 Matilda Bell, who was born near Belleville, Canada, on the I7th of February, 
 1846, a daughter of Peter and Emeline (Yaeger) Bell and a granddaughter of 
 Fred Bell, of Canada. Her father. Peter Bell, followed farming in the Domin- 
 ion until about 1863, when he crossed the border into the United States and made 
 his way to Knox county, settling in Victoria township where he followed that 
 occupation until his death, which occurred in 1895. His wife, who was of Ger- 
 man descent, still survives him and is now living with a daughter in Missouri 
 at the advanced age of ninety-seven years. Unto Mr. and Mrs. Hubbell have 
 been born the following children: George W., a resident farmer of Walnut 
 Grove township, who married Mrs. Bell Lawrence, the widow of Thomas Law- 
 rence ; William H., of Campbell, Minnesota, who married Minnie Whitcomb and 
 has two children, Ruth and Firn ; and Charles A. 
 
 In his political views Mr. Hubbell has always been a republican, supporting 
 the party which was the defense of the Union during the dark days of the Civil 
 war, and has always been a member of reform and progress. He has made a 
 most creditable record in office, having been elected justice of the peace in his 
 township in 1888. He has since filled the position and is undoubtedly one of the 
 
546 HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY ^^\ -^:: ' ^;: 
 
 oldest justices in years of continuous service in Knox county. He has made an 
 excellent record in presiding over this court, his decisions being ever based upon 
 the law and the equity of the case. He maintains pleasant relations with his old 
 army comrades through his membership in the Grand Army post at Galesburg, 
 and his religious belief is evidenced in his membership in the Methodist Epis- 
 copal church. His has been an active, useful and well spent life, devoted to 
 duty and to the high principles in which he believes, and there is in his entire 
 life history no esoteric chapter. . . ,- -.;>.. . / 
 
 :; ;:>;;;/ REV. STUART M. CAMPBELL, D. D. : ; v ' 
 
 One of the strongest forces in the moral development and progress of Gales- 
 burg is the First Presbyterian church, of which Dr. Stuart M. Campbell is the 
 pastor. Thoroughly versed in the church doctrines and in the principles of the- 
 ology, he has, too, that broad human sympathy which enables him to reach out in 
 helpful spirit toward all whom he seeks to influence in their choice of the things 
 of life that are most worth while. He first became connected with Galesburg 
 during his college days, for he was a student at Knox. Later his work called 
 him to various other fields and in June, 1907, he returned to this city to accept 
 his present pastorate. 
 
 Dr. Campbell is of Canadian birth, a native of the province of Ontario. He 
 was born July 13, 1859, being one of the twelve children of Thomas and Margaret 
 (McAlpine) Campbell, natives of Edinburgh, Scotland. The former was a son 
 of Thomas Campbell, who lived at Thurso, Scotland, where his son Thomas was 
 born. He was a stonecutter, thus providing for his family, which numbered three 
 sons and a daughter. The maternal grandfather of Dr. Campbell was Thomas 
 McAlpine, a native of Prestonpans, Scotland. Both he and his wife lived to a 
 ripe old age and reared a large family. 
 
 Thomas Campbell, the father of Dr. Campbell, spent his youthful days in 
 Edinburgh, Scotland, where he became a merchant tailor. He crossed the Atlantic 
 to Canada when forty years of age and lived for some time at Picton and at Gait, 
 Ontario, but is now living retired in Toronto, at the venerable age of ninety years. 
 He is a Presbyterian in religious faith, as was his wife, who died in 1896, at the 
 age of about sixty-five years. In their family were seven sons and five daughters, 
 of whom nine reached adult age : John ; Thomas ; Jessie, the wife of George W. 
 Scott, of Toronto ; James ; Margaret, the wife of William MoMaster, of Toronto ; 
 Walter; Charles, deceased; Agnes, the wife of J. H. G. Russell, of Winnipeg, 
 Canada ; and Stuart M. Three daughters of the family died in infancy. 
 . Dr. Campbell spent his youthful days in his native country, leaving Picton 
 at the age of ten years to become a resident of Gait, where he was reared to man- 
 hood and acquired his preliminary education. He afterward devoted several 
 years to the newspaper and printing business in Gait and then crossed the border 
 to seek the opportunities of this country, where competition is greater but where 
 advancement is more quickly secured. He made his way to Chicago where he 
 worked as a printer until 1884. Realizing the fact that intellectual progress must 
 constitute the basis of success in professional lines, he then entered Knox College 
 
'- ^ V: " -^ y . HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY 547 
 
 in the fall of that year and was graduated with the class of 1888. In the mean- - 
 time he had determined to enter upon the active work of the ministry and with 
 that end in view became a student in the McCormick Theological Seminary of 
 Chicago, in which he remained for a year. He afterward spent two years in the 
 Princeton Theological Seminary of New Jersey and was graduated in May, 1891. 
 Ordained to the ministry, he became pastor of the Presbyterian church at Lyons ., 
 Farms, near Newark, New Jersey, where he continued until the fall of 1894, when 
 he accepted the pastorate of the Emerald Avenue Presbyterian church in Chi- 
 cago. In 1903 he was called to the pastorate of the Second Presbyterian church f' 
 of Evanston, Illinois, and in June, 1907, came to Galesburg as minister of the 
 First Presbyterian church of this city, with which he has since been identified. 
 : On the lOth of September, 1889, Dr. Campbell was united in the holy bonds < 
 of matrimony to Miss Martha Eunice Kent, who was bom in Akron, Ohio, a r;, 
 daughter of Oscar and Charity Kent, who were likewise natives of the Buckeye . 
 state and resided upon a farm near Akron. There her father died a number of , 
 years ago and her mother passed away in Chicago in 1909, at the age of seventy- . 
 eight years. They were members of the Christian church and they had a family , 
 of two sons and four daughters, George, William, Cordelia, Alice, Martha and ;:;. 
 Mary. Four children have been born unto Dr. and Mrs. Campbell, Gladys M., 
 Helen, Stuart M. and Marion K. During the four years of Dr. Campbell's pas- ' 
 torate here he has carefully systematized the work and the different societies and ;; 
 organizations of the church are now in a flourishing condition. He is an earnest, ;: 
 logical and effective speaker, a deep student not only of the Bible but of humanity - 
 as well, and is thus able to make of his teachings a practical force for good in 
 the lives of those who come under his ministry. ;, .t. V ''-,.';;;,..::" 
 
 '"':*-'' --'.- .-.:"' -:'-'- ^- G. W. VAN' BUREN.: .^^'. - ' ' . -'J--.^^-^.- ;-' 
 
 .7 .V --< . - - - . - ............ 
 
 G. W. Van Buren, formerly a wagonmaker and blacksmith of Victoria, now 
 retired, was born February 15, 1831. A native of Delaware county. New York, 
 he is the son of Peter Van Buren, a well known farmer of Victoria township. 
 Peter Van Buren was born in Delaware county. New York, in 1800, and was 
 reared and educated there. He married in early youth Charity Sornberger, 
 also of Delaware county. New York. She was the daughter of George Sorn- 
 berger, who later was a resident of Knox county, Illinois, where he died. Mr. 
 and Mrs. Van Buren came to Illinois in 1838 and settled on a farm of one hun- 
 dred and five acres, one and one-half miles south of Victoria, where they lived 
 during the remainder of their lives, he dying at the age of fifty-six and she^ at 
 the age of sixty-five years. They are both buried in the Victoria cemetery. 
 Mr. Van Buren was a very prominent man in his community and for ten and 
 one-half years was justice of the peace of Victoria township. He was a demo- 
 crat in politics and both he and Mrs. Van Buren were devoted workers in the 
 Methodist Episcopal church, of which they were members. They were the 
 parents of nine children, of whom G. W. was the third in order of birth. The 
 others were: Ambrose; Benjamin, who lived and died in Oregon; Elizabeth, 
 who became the wife of Moses R. Aldridge and is now deceased ; Katherine, 
 
548 HISTORY OF KXOX COUNTY 
 
 who married Franklin Force and is also deceased; Martha, now Mrs. John W. 
 Harold, of Missouri; Mary M., who married Abraham Files, of Kewanee, 
 Illinois; Helen, who is the wife of Novates Tiffany, of Nebraska; and John, 
 who was murdered in Idaho. 
 
 G. W. Van Buren was six years of age when his parents came to Victoria. 
 He was educated in an old-time, rudely constructed log schoolhouse with its 
 desks made of slabs supported by pegs that were fastened in holes bored into 
 the wall, and with its seats that were long wooden benches. After his school 
 days he learned the carpenter trade, working for six years all over this part of 
 the county. He then took up farming, managing and operating the old home- 
 stead until i86i, at which time he came to Victoria and began the work of 
 wagonmaking and blacksmithing, a business which for forty-seven years he 
 successfully pursued, retiring in 1908. 
 
 He was married in 1857 to Emma J. Force, who came as a young girl with 
 her parents, Thomas and Phoebe (Wiley) Force, from New York to Knox 
 county. Seven children were born to Mr. and Mrs. Van Buren but the eldest, 
 an infant girl, died at the age of six months. The second child, John, who is a 
 resident of Victoria, is a carpenter and contractor, and in the strawberry busi- 
 ness. He married Lulu Tripp and they are the parents of two children, Edna 
 and Bessie. Arthur, deceased, married Grace Cummings, who is and has been 
 for five years postmistress at Victoria. They have one child, Marie. Cora, 
 the wife of William Hosford, of Michigan, has no children. Mary Emma, the 
 wife of John Cooke, lives in Truro township, Knox county, and has nine chil- 
 dren, Bernice, Mabel, Sydney, Van, Calvert, Phyllis, Kenneth, Margaret and 
 Harlan. Alice, the wife of John Doak, resides in Copley township and has one 
 son. Dale. Charles E. married Ella Rice, a daughter of Amos Rice. Mrs. Van 
 Buren, the mother of these children, a lifelong member of the Methodist Episco- 
 pal church, died in July, 1904. . ,:,...( '' , 
 
 Mr. Van Buren has been an active member of the Methodist Episcopal 
 church since he was twenty years of age and has given it faithful service, 
 having held almost all of the church offices. He is a republican in politics, has 
 given much time to public service, and has at different times in his life held 
 most of the town offices. Few men have had the opportunity to render to their 
 community such long and efficient service as has Mr. Van Buren. Eighty-one 
 years of age, having lived in the county more than seventy-four years, he has 
 seen its development from the formative to the present state and has rendered 
 at all times whatever help he could to bring about better conditions in his 
 community. 
 
 ''vVi'. . ' .; :. A. L. HURD. ...';.; 7 V --,;-.: .-:^;:X'. 
 
 Many years of industry and enterprise devoted to agricultural pursuits en- 
 abled A. L. Hurd to acquire a competence that now permits him to live retired in 
 full enjoyment of all the comforts and many of the luxuries of life. His birth 
 occurred in Portage county, Ohio, May 2, 1837, his father being Nehemiah Hurd, 
 a native of the state of New York, but a resident of Ohio during the greater part 
 
A. I.. Ill III) 
 
MKS. A. I.. lUltl) 
 
HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY ; ;:' 553 
 
 of his life. In 1851 he removed with his family to Illinois, locating on a farm 
 in Knox county, to the further cultivation and development of which he devoted 
 his energies during the remainder of his active years. 
 
 A. L. Hurd was a lad of thirteen years when he left his native state, in the 
 common schools of which he began the education that was completed in those of 
 Illinois. After he had mastered the common branches he laid aside his school 
 books and gave his entire attention to the work of the home farm, in the opera- 
 tion of which he had been assisting his father when not engaged with his studies. 
 In 1863 he responded to his country's call for volunteers and enlisted in Com- 
 pany C, Eighty-first Illinois Volunteer Infantry, serving until peace was restored. 
 When mustered out he returned to farming, continuing to devote his efforts to 
 ' this occupation until 1891, when he withdrew from the active work of the fields 
 : and came to Williamsfield, where he has ever since lived retired. Mr. Hurd owns 
 a farm of one hundred and thirty seven and a half acres of farming land in Truro 
 '''" township, that he successfully operated for many years. In connection with the 
 cultivation of his fields he also engaged in stock-raising, both branches of the busi- 
 : ness proving to be very remunerative. / 
 
 ^ On February 12, 1868, Mr. Hurd's plans for a home had their culmination in 
 
 : ' his marriage to Miss Eliza Jane Balch, a native of New Hampshire, born June 15, 
 ; 1847. In his political views Mr. Hurd is loyal to the principles of the republican 
 '' party, the policy of which he has always indorsed, and he is an honored member 
 /; of the Grand Army of the Republic. Mr. Hurd feels that he has most miracu- 
 lously escaped physical injuries on many occasions, as he went through the war 
 ; without sustaining any wounds and a few years after returning, in 1870, he was 
 ;; cleaning a well on the farm when a rock slipped and the sides caved in, burying 
 
 him beneath about sixteen feet of stone and dirt, but when rescued he was found 
 :.; to be without injury. He has always led a very unobtrusive life, his attention be- 
 ;; .: ing entirely concentrated upon his own interests, unless he felt there was need 
 
 . of his personal services as when he fought on the battlefields of the south. The 
 .; courage and the quiet and efficient manner in which he discharged his duties 
 ,. there has characterized him in all of his relations of life, and he has established 
 
 , . a reputation for trustworthiness and reliability in the community where he resided 
 for so many years, that would be a valuable asset to any man. 
 
 ^^: : , \-;y; - v; .; ; CLYDE T. LIKEN, D. D. s. -: ' .:; {/v- -- ; 
 
 Dr. Clyde T. Liken, who enjoys a constantly increasing and lucrative dental 
 practice in Knoxville, was born in Henry county, Illinois, on the 7th of May, 1878. 
 His father, Thomas P. Liken, is a native of Allegheny county, Pennsylvania, 
 born on the 2Oth of November, 1846, and is a son of Thomas and Sarah (Sands) 
 Liken. Thomas Liken, Sr., was a native of Ireland but was brought to America 
 when only four years of age. His parents settled in Pennsylvania, and he was 
 there reared to manhood. When Thomas Liken had reached adult age he mar- 
 ried Sarah Sands, who was a native of the Keystone state, where the family re- 
 mained until 1865, when they came to Illinois. Thomas Liken engaged in 
 farming in Munson township, where he purchased land for ten dollars per acre. 
 
 
554 ' HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY ^ ;;:>::. 
 
 His labors converted this raw land into a valuable tract and he continued a resi- 
 dent of the state until his death, which occurred about thirteen years ago. He 
 had a brother, who was a soldier of the Civil war and died in Andersonville 
 prison. One of his sons, William Liken, an uncle of Dr. Liken, served in the 
 war between the north and south, enlisting in Company E, One Hundred and 
 Fifty-fifth Regiment of Pennsylvania Volunteers, and was killed at Peters- 
 burg, June 8, 1864. ' , 7 "'. ..-'-"; v'/,'-?::^-'.^: s: '.'- I : 
 
 The first nineteen years in the life of Thomas P. Liken were spent in his 
 native state, but in 1865 he removed to Illinois with his parents, who settled in 
 Henry county. There his father bought land and successfully engaged in farm- 
 ing, becoming one of the extensive property owners and prosperous agriculturijts 
 of the county. Thomas P. Liken was reared to manhood on his father's farm 
 in Henry county, where he became proficient in tilling the fields and caring for 
 the crops, thus qualifying himself for the vocation that he followed during the 
 entire period of his active life. On December 27, 1871, Thomas P. Liken was 
 united in marriage to Miss Rachel Victoria Hill, who was born in West Vir- 
 ginia, on the 27th of April, 1851, and was a representative of one of the old and 
 honored pioneer families of Virginia. Her grandfather, John K. Hill, was bom 
 in that state and served as a soldier of the war of 1812. Her parents were. 
 William T. and Elizabeth (Lockhart) Hill, the latter a daughter of a Virginia 
 planter. After her marriage to Mr. Hill, they lived for a time in the Old 
 Dominion and in 1855 they removed westward to Henry county, Illinois, becom- 
 ing early settlers of that part of the state, where they ever after made their home. 
 Mr. Liken actively engaged in farming until eight years ago when he retired to 
 Geneseo, where he and Mrs. Liken continue to make their home. They are the 
 parents of two sons and three daughters, all of whom are living: William E., 
 who is living on the old homestead in Henry county ; Clyde T., our subject ; 
 Maude, the wife of Joseph Coombs, of Henry county ; Myrtle, who married D. C. 
 Shaw, a banker of Pittsburg; and Grace, who is living at home with her parents. 
 
 The boyhood of Dr. Liken was spent on his father's farm in the work of 
 which he assisted while attending the district schools, where he obtained his ele- 
 mentary education. Later he became a student of the Geneseo Collegiate Insti- 
 tute, being graduated from there in 1897, when he entered Knox College. Upon 
 the completion of the work of his junior year he left college and began to make 
 his own way, his first position being that of associate editor of the Geneseo Daily 
 and Weekly Arena, with which publication he was identified for two years. At 
 the expiration of that period he decided to enter the dental profession and to 
 realize his ambitions matriculated in the Chicago College of Dental Surgery, 
 being awarded his degree with the class of 1904. Educationally Dr. Liken is 
 well equipped for his life work as in addition to his collegiate studies he took a 
 commercial course, being a graduate of the Cedar Rapids Business College, and 
 since entering upon his practice he has taken some post-graduate work in 
 dentistry. He first engaged in practice in West Chicago, where he maintained 
 an office for two years and then came to Knoxville, locating here in 1907. 
 Although he has been identified with his profession in this city little more than 
 four years, the period has been of sufficient length for him to demonstrate the 
 quality of his work and its thoroughness in every detail. His ability, business- 
 like methods of conducting his practice and pleasing personality have all been 
 
/.-i'r:^' ,; ;V V : HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY , :-. 555 
 
 ' > .. __'/,.-! ..'-..- ^' 
 
 very important factors in enabling him to build up the excellent practice he now 
 has. 
 
 In Knoxville, on the 2Oth of October, 1908, was celebrated the marriage of 
 Dr. Liken and Miss Elizabeth Alvira Charles, whose birth occurred in this county 
 on the 2ist of July, 1884. Mrs. Liken is a daughter of A. G. and Charlotte 
 (Rogers) Charles, both natives of Knox county, where the mother resides; the 
 father has passed away. Mr. Charles' birth occurred in 1846 and his wife was 
 born on the 3ist of January, 1848. Her father was a native of Connecticut and 
 her mother a native of England. To Dr. and Mrs. Liken has been born one child, 
 Mary Alice, on July 12, 1911. 
 
 Dr. and Mrs. Liken are members of the Presbyterian church and he is affiliated 
 with Pacific Lodge, No. 66, F. & A. M., of which he is past master; Knoxville 
 Camp, No. 411, M. W. A.; and Horatio Lodge, No. 362, K. P. While in col- 
 lege he joined the Delta Sigma Delta fraternity and his political support he 
 accords the republican party. Dr. Liken's outlook toward the future is most 
 promising in every way as he is popular socially and highly regarded as a repre- 
 sentative of his profession. ^' ii-^ -^ .->..-"' -V , .'';^''^':; ' . 7V .^v^ > 
 
 .:--'-:'. -, -:-^-:- CARL V. NELSON. -;;y ' ; . :.^ : '^-'.X-.-'-^ : / 
 
 Carl V. Nelson, the cashier of the State Bank of Victoria, Illinois, is a pro- 
 gressive and reliable young man with remarkable business abilities. A native of 
 Victoria, born February 2, 1887, he is keenly alive to the interests and advance- 
 ment of his town. ::-^::: . ' v:; 'vi>'''v; 
 
 George M., father of Carl V. Nelson, was born in Sweden, October 12, 1846, 
 the second son of a family of four children of Nels and Mary (Erickson) John- 
 son, of Sweden. All of this family came to America except the father and 
 mother, both dying in Sweden at the ages of fifty-six and thirty-five years, re- 
 spectively. George M. Nelson was educated in Sweden and came to America in 
 1869, where he settled at Oneida, in Knox county, Illinois. He was married in 
 1876 to Sophie Peterson, the daughter of Peter Peterson, who also was born and 
 educated in Sweden. Mr. and Mrs. Nelson later located in Victoria, where he 
 engaged in the trade of wagon making and repair work, a line which he is still 
 successfully pursuing. To them were born seven children, of whom Carl V. Nel- 
 son is the sixth, the others being: Mrs. Alma Welin, of \'ictoria. who is the 
 mother of two children, Vincent and Harris ; Gertrude, formerly a school teacher ; 
 Frank, of El Paso, Illinois; William, also a resident of El Paso, who married 
 Edna (Van Buren) Nelson, by whom he has two children, Dorothy and Millicent; 
 John, who makes his home in South Dakota ; and Grace, who resides at home. 
 The Nelsons are active members of the Swedish Methodist church of \'ictoria. 
 Mr. Nelson is a member of the Modern Woodmen of America and is an independ-;. 
 ent in politics. 
 
 Carl V. Nelson, reared under the parental roof where he still resides, was 
 educated in the public schools of Victoria and after completing a high-school 
 course began work in the State Bank of Victoria as a bookkeeper. Ever faithful 
 and efficient, he was soon promoted to the position of assistant cashier. In this 
 
V '^:i HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY ^- ^-^^ ^ ' 
 
 place his splendid business qualities were shown more strongly, and on July i, 
 1911, he was again promoted, this time to the position of cashier, in which 
 capacity he is now serving. He takes an active part in all local politics and is 
 known in his township as a conscientious and efficient public servant of the city 
 party. He has been for three years town clerk of Victoria township and is now 
 serving a first term as village treasurer. With whatever organization he is allied, 
 he usually is entrusted with positions of trust and responsibility. Fraternally, he 
 belongs to the Modern Woodmen of America and is clerk of the local lodge. He 
 is an earnest worker in the Swedish Methodist church of Victoria, of which he 
 is a member, and is treasurer of the Epworth League and also of the Galesburg 
 District League. Mr. Nelson's rapid progress so far in life gives promise of his 
 being one of the most prominent and successful business men of the county, as 
 well as one of its most honest and useful citizens. ; , - - - - ; . , . 
 
 ; :::Vv--. PETER STROM. : :- : -^...V ;.x 
 
 Prominent among the business men of his part of the county is Peter Strom, 
 cashier and general manager of the Victoria Exchange Bank. He was born in 
 Victoria township, on the 28th of February, 1876, and is a son of Eric Strom, 
 who is now living retired one-half mile south of Victoria, on section i8, Vic- 
 toria township. The father was born in Bollnas, Helsingland, Sweden, August 
 4, 1839, his parents being Eric and Martha (Peterson) Strom. The grandfather 
 of our subject spent his entire life in Sweden, dying in that country when his 
 son Eric was seventeen years of age. His widow come to this country in 1846 
 with her son Peter and made her home in Bishop Hill until her death in Decem- 
 ber, 1907. Here she married Suralla Helborne, of Bishop Hill. She was a mem- 
 ber of the Adventist church. 
 
 Eric Strom, father of our subject, was reared and educated in his native 
 land and was there married in 1862 to Miss Carrie Nelson, who was also born 
 in Bollnas, August 20, 1841, and was a daughter of Nels and Carrie Nelson, who 
 were lifelong residents of Sweden. By this marriage the following children 
 were born. Eric, Jr., who controls and manages a coal bank for C. S. Clarke 
 and resides in Victoria township, married Ida Grimm and they have eight chil- 
 dren, Harry, Merle, Earl, Grace, George, Archie, Ross and Gehrl. Carrie, the 
 second child of Eric Strom, Sr., died at the age of seven years and was buried 
 in Bishop Hill. Delia is the wife of Oliver Peterson, a barber of Victoria, and 
 they have three children, Roy, Floyd and Alice. Annie died at the age of four- 
 teen months and was buried in Victoria cemetery. Emma, who died at the age 
 of thirty-one years and was buried in Victoria cemetery, married Fred Good- 
 speed, of California, and to them were born three children, Gladys, Wayne and 
 Vans. Henry is unmarried. Carrie is the wife of Ned Cadwell and has two 
 children, Lavone and Winthrop. Peter, of this review, completes the family. 
 It was in 1867 that his parents came to America, arriving at Bishop Hill, Illi- 
 nois, on the 6th of August of that year, but the following year removed to Vic- 
 toria, where the father worked as a farmer and coal miner until 1874, when he 
 
^ W-%; V HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY / ^' 
 
 purchased his present home. He is a republican in politics but has never cared 
 for official honors. 
 
 Peter Strom was reared in Victoria township, where as a youth he attended 
 the public schools. After finishing a business course at Quincy, Illinois, he was 
 employed for a while in the Victoria Bank, leaving there to become a book- 
 keeper in the State Bank of Galva, Illinois, where he remained until November, 
 1903, when he entered upon his present position. 
 
 He was married December 25, 1910, to Etta Conner, a daughter of William 
 D. and Sarah A. (McMullen) Conner, of Victoria township. Her father was 
 born in Licking county, Ohio, in August, 1832. He was a son of Samuel and 
 Anna (Griffith) Conner, who came from old Virginia families that migrated to 
 Ohio at the time when Anna Griffith was fifteen years of age. William D. Con- 
 ner was married in Licking county in 1856 to Sarah A. McMullen, who was the 
 daughter of M. M. and Harriet (Pyle) McMullen, also descendants of old Vir- 
 ginia families, but both born in Ohio. M. M. McMullen was reared in Bowling 
 Green, Ohio, and spent all his life in Licking county. He died at the age of 
 forty-four years and his wife at the age of seventy-eight, both being buried at 
 Brownsville, Ohio. They were members of the Methodist church. Mr. Mc- 
 Mullen was a democrat in politics, served as a school director and held many 
 township offices, always performing his duties faithfully. The children of M. M. 
 and Harriet (Pyle) McMullen were: George; Joseph, who went to California 
 in 1849; Drusilla, the deceased wife of Stephen Smith, of Missouri; Sarah A., 
 the mother of Etta (Conner) Strom; Lemuel, who died in Knox county, Illi- 
 nois, at the age of twenty-two years ; Robert, who died in Knox county ; Mary, 
 who is the present wife of Stephen Smith, of Missouri, the former husband of 
 her sister; Margaret, the wife of a Mr. Chaplear, of Mount Vernon county, 
 Ohio ; and Lewis, who resides on the old home farm in Licking county, Ohio, 
 and is the father of five living children. After the marriage of William Conner 
 he spent eighteen months in Iowa, and then moved to Stark county, Illinois, 
 living there six years. He came in 1895 to Knox county, Illinois, where he re- 
 sided until the time of his death, which occurred September 6, 1909, on his farm 
 of seventy-four acres, which is within the corporation limits of Victoria and is 
 now the home in which his wife, Sarah (McMullen) Conner, and Mr. and Mrs. 
 Peter Strom live. To William and Sarah Conner were born eight children, 
 of whom Etta Strom is the fourth in order of birth. The other children are as 
 follows. Edgar, of Victoria, wedded Mary Sornborger and they are the parents 
 of eight children, Clarence, Albert, Sadie, deceased, William, Florence, Earl, Eva 
 and Mary. Belle is the wife of Charles Johnson, of Beardstown, and is the mother 
 of three children : May and Maud, twins, and Sadie. Carrie, the wife of William 
 R. Church, of Bureau county, Illinois, is the mother of three children, Russell, 
 Niles and Nettie. William, Elmer, Mamie and Alice May are deceased, William 
 dying at the age of five years and the other three in infancy. William Conner, 
 always a leading man in his community, was a democrat in politics, a trustee of 
 the town board and school director when in Iowa. His wife is a member of the 
 Methodist Episcopal church. 
 
 .-. Peter Strom is very active in all local politics and is a stanch prohibitionist, 
 believing the principles of this party to be most conducive to good government. 
 Both he and his wife are faithful workers in the Methodist church, he being a 
 
558 ' HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY ' 
 
 member of the board of trustees. Mrs. Strom is also a great worker in the 
 Ladies' Aid Society. Mr. Strom belongs to the Independent Order of Odd 
 Fellows and has filled all the chairs in the local lodge. Ever conscientious and 
 efficient, his faithfulness to his tasks and his duties make him one of the leading 
 citizens of his town. . . 
 
 ; ;:y^; ! ; . KARL R. HAGGENJOS. A;V^-/^;? 
 
 Karl R. Haggenjos, well known as a representative of journalism in central 
 Illinois, now owning and publishing the Illinois Democrat at Galesburg,^ together 
 with a number of other papers in different towns in this section of the state, was 
 born in Chicago, February 19, 1859. His parents, John and Fortunata (Siedle) 
 Haggenjos, were both natives of Villingen, Germany, the former born on the 
 25th of December, 1833, ^"d the latter on the 2d of September of the same year. 
 It was in 1856 that John Haggenjos sailed across the broad Atlantic to the United 
 Slates and made his way into the interior of the country to Chicago, where he 
 followed carpentering and contracting. For a long p>eriod he was associated with 
 the building interests of that city but retired about five years prior to his death, 
 which occurred July 30, 1890. He was survived for seventeen years by his wife, 
 who passed away May 6, 1907. His political support was given to the democracy 
 and his religious faith was that of the Catholic church, St. Michael's numbering 
 him as one of its communicants. It was in Chicago, in April, 1858, that he 
 wedded Fortunata Siedle, who came to America in the spring of 1847, with her 
 brothers and sisters and settled in Pittsburg, Pennsylvania, she, however, com- 
 ing to Chicago in 1858. Unto them were born nine children : Karl R., of this 
 review ; Emily, Michael, Albert, Stephanie and Josephine, all of whom are resi- 
 dents of Chicago, Illinois; Wilhelmine and Mary, both deceased; and Wilhel- 
 mine, the second of the name, who makes her home in Chicago. 
 
 In his youthful days Karl R. Haggenjos was a pupil in St. Michael's paro- 
 chial school of Chicago and when his school days were over at the age of twelve 
 years, he sought and obtained a position on the Freie Presse, a German news- 
 paper, serving as compositor for five years, during which period he gained inti- 
 mate knowledge of various branches of newspaper publication. In 1877 he came 
 to Galesburg and entered the employ of his uncle, Charles Haggenjos, in the 
 rendering business. Another five years was thus passed, at the end of which 
 time he went to Denver, Colorado, and worked on the Rocky Mountain News. 
 He afterward had charge of the Colorado Journal at Denver and subsequently 
 began the publication of the Denver Freie Presse. He also established the Den- 
 ver Volksblatt, a morning paper. After his removal to Pueblo, that state, he 
 started the Colorado Freie Presse of that city and when he sold out returned to 
 Galesburg in 1891. He began the publication of the Tribune in East Galesburg, 
 in 1892, but has since changed the name of the paper to the Illinois Democrat, 
 removing the plant to Galesburg. In addition to its conduct he also publishes 
 the Rio Reporter, at Rio ; the St. Augustine Eagle, at St. Augustine ; the North 
 Henderson Review, at North Henderson ; The Maquon Tomahawk, at Maquon, 
 Illinois ; and the Cameron Gazette, at Cameron, Illinois. 
 
KARL R. HAGGEXJOS 
 
558 V HISTORY OF KXOX COUNTY 
 
 member of the board of trustees. Mrs. Strom is also a great worker in the 
 Laches' Aid Society. Mr. Strom belongs to the In(lei)endent Order of Odd 
 Fellows and has tilled all the chairs in the local lodge. Ever conscientious and 
 efficient, his faithfulness to his tasks and his duties make him one of the leading 
 citizens of his town. 
 
 - KARL R. HAGGEXJOS. 
 
 Karl R. Haggenjos, well known as a representative of journalism in central 
 Illinois, now owning and publishing the Illinois Democrat at Galesburg, together 
 with a nuniljer of other papers in different towns in this section of the state, was 
 born in Chicago, February ig, 1859. His parents, John and Fortunata (Siedle) 
 Haggenjos, were both natives of \'illingen, Germany, the fomier torn on the 
 25th of December, 1833, and the latter on the 2d of September of the same year. 
 It was in 1856 that John Haggenjos sailed across the broad Atlantic to the United 
 Slates and made his way into the interior of the country to Chicago, where he 
 followed carj^entering and contracting. For a long period he was associated with 
 the building interests of that city but retired about five years prior to his death, 
 which occurred July 30, 1890. He was survived for seventeen years by his wife, 
 who passed away May 6, 1907, His |>olitical support was given to the democracy 
 and his religious faith was that of the Catholic church, St. Michael's numbering 
 him as one of its communicants. It was in Chicago, in April, 1858, that he 
 wedded Fortunata Siedle, who came to America in the spring of 1847, with her 
 brothers and sisters and settled in Pittsburg, Pennsylvania, she, however, com- 
 ing to Chicago in 1858. Unto them were born nine children: Karl R., of this 
 review ; Emily, Michael, .\lbert, Stei)hanie and Josephine, all of whom are resi- 
 dents of Chicago, Illinois; \\'illielniine and Mary, both deceased; and Wilhel- 
 mine, the second of the name, who makes her home in Chicago. 
 
 In his youthful days Karl R. Haggenjos was a pupil in St. Michael's paro- 
 chial school of Chicago and when his school days were over at the age of twelve 
 years, he sought and obtained a position on the Freie Presse, a German news- 
 paper, serving as comjjositor for five years, during which period he gained inti- 
 mate knowledge of various branches of newspaper publication. In 1877 ^^^ came 
 to Galesburg and entered the employ of his uncle, Charles Haggenjos, in the 
 rendering business. Another five years was thus passed, at the end of which 
 time he went to Denver, Colorado, and worked on the Rocky Mountain Xews. 
 He afterward had charge of the Colorado Journal at Denver and subsequently 
 began the publication of the Denver Freie Presse. He also established the Den- 
 ver \'olksblatt, a morning ])ai)cr. After his removal to Pueblo, that state, he 
 started the Colorado Freie Presse oi that city and when he sold out returned to 
 Galesburg in 1891. He began the publication of the Tribune in East Galesburg, 
 in 1892, but has since changed the name of the jiaper to the Illinois Democrat, 
 removing the ])lant to Galesljurg. In addition to its conduct he also publishes 
 the Rio RejKirter, at Rit); the St. Augustine Eagle, at St. Augustine; the North 
 Henderson Review, at North Henderson: The Maquon Tomahawk, at Maijuon, 
 Illinois; and the Cameron tiazetto. at C'amcrun, Illinois. 
 
KARL U. HA(i;KNMOS 
 
HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY > 561 
 
 On the lOth of August, 1884, Mr. Haggenjos was married at Denver, Colo- 
 rado, to Miss Minnie Haessel, a daughter of Peter and Catherine (Brill) Haessel, 
 of Peoria, Illinois, who were natives of Bavaria, Germany. The father, who 
 was a soap manufacturer, was born September 7, 1813, and his wife's birth oc- 
 curred on the 29th of January, 1819. On coming to the United States they 
 settled in Pittsburg, Pennsylvania, where they remained for a year, and then 
 removed to Peoria, Illinois. In 1867 the family removed to Galesburg, where 
 Mr. Haessel died July 3, 1872. He was survived for almost a third of a century 
 by his wife, whose death occurred March 28, 1904. In politics he was a re- 
 publican and both were consistent members of the Lutheran church. Unto them 
 were bom four children: Philippine, the wife of Charles Haggenjos, of Gales- 
 burg, Illinois, who is deceased; Catherine, living in Galesburg; Adam, who has 
 passed away; and Mrs. Karl R. Haggenjos, whose birth occurred in Peoria, 
 Illinois, on the 6th of August, 1859. Mr. and Mrs. Haggenjos have become the 
 parents of seven children: Albert, who was bom in July, 1885, and who is still 
 at home ; Mabel, the wife of Bertrand Weingartner, of Galesburg ; Maude, twin 
 sister of Mabel, who is at home ; Carolyn ; Virginia, the wife of J. Glenn Bragg, 
 of Pittsburg, Pennsylvania; and John and Philippine, who are also yet under 
 the parental roof. The first four were born in Denver, Colorado, while Virginia 
 and John were bom in Pueblo, Colorado, and Philippine in East Galesburg, 
 Illinois. 
 
 Since age conferred upon him the right of franchise Mr. Haggenjos has sup- 
 ported the democratic party and publishes his papers in its interest He is a 
 member of the Typographical Union and is very widely known in newspaper 
 circles. Gradually he has worked his way upward to success and the prominent 
 position which he now occupies, and in the publication of his papers he has held 
 to the high standards of modern journalism, giving to his readers a compre- 
 hensive review of the chief points of interest as the days go by. , , ..... 
 
 %'- ^Sv':-->." FRED G. SMITH.-'.. 
 
 Fred G. Smith, who for^en years has been engaged in the cultivation of his 
 home farm in Henderson township, was born on the 2Sth of August, 1882, in 
 Henderson. He is the son of Anthony L. and Margaret A. (Davidson) Smith, 
 more extended mention of whom is made under the caption of a sketch of George 
 A. Smith. 
 
 Fred G. Smith acquired his education in the common schools and since then 
 has been connected with the agricultural pursuits of the county, at first as an 
 assistant to his father and for the last few years as an independent agriculturist 
 on the farm of one hundred and twenty acres which he has recently purchased. 
 This is a valuable piece of land and by capable management and progressive 
 methods it can be developed into a highly productive farm. 
 
 On October 25, 1905, occurred the marriage of Mr. Smith to Helen M. 
 Rhodes. To this union two children, Charles Anthony and Robert R., have been 
 born. Mrs. Smith is the daughter of Charles H. and Frances Rhodes, prominent 
 agriculturists of Henderson township. . .: 
 
 VoL n 2B . . ^-- --/"; :':--. . 
 
662 "'' HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY I 
 
 In politics Mr. Smith accords his support to the candidates of the democratic 
 party and his interest in the welfare of the schools of his district has led him to 
 act as school director but otherwise does not seek office as a reward for party 
 fealty. In political and social questions, as well as in his agricultural pursuits, 
 his ideas are practical and intelligent and throughout his community he has made 
 himself felt as a man standing for the best development of his county. 
 
 '',-.'-:^.:'f'4.'':-' . BENJAMIN DAYTON. :;V^\-:''- .:;-"-'y ;'' 
 
 Benjamin Dayton, deceased, was numbered among the successful and promi- 
 nent agriculturists of Walnut Grove township, the energy which he displayed in 
 this pursuit bringing to him the success that enabled him to rest from labor during 
 his last days. He was bom in Delaware county. New York, March 13, 1834, 
 his parents being Bryant C. and Lydia (Copley) Dayton. The father was bom 
 in 1800 in New York, in which state he always resided, giving his attention to 
 general farming. His death occurred in 1845. The mother, also a native of 
 Delaware county, was bom in i8io and was a daughter of Joseph and Lydia 
 (Birdsall) Copley, who moved to Copley township after their children were 
 grown and after whom the township was named. Mrs. Dayton's death occurred 
 April 14, 1885, at the home of her son Benjamin Dayton, with whom she had 
 resided for some time. The paternal grandfather, Plyment Dayton, who was a 
 native of Connecticut, married a Miss Bryant and died in 1834. The great-g^and- 
 father, Charles Dayton, and four of his family were soldiers in the Revolutionary 
 war, one of them having been killed in battle. To Mr. and Mrs. Bryant C. Day- 
 ton seven children were born, five of whom died in infancy and one son, William 
 O., died in Oneida, Illinois, in 1909. ,' 'I 
 
 At the early age of twelve years, after having laid aside his text-books, Ben- 
 jamin Dayton started to earn his own livelihood by working on a farm for three 
 years at five dollars per month. Subsequently, at the age of fifteen years, he 
 went to work on his mother's farm doing a man's work, and five years later came 
 to Knox county, Illinois, where he was employed in Victoria at ten dollars per 
 month. During the same time in which he was engaged at the carpenter's trade 
 he taught school for several terms in this county, receiving fifteen dollars per 
 month, and in 1859 he removed to Walnut Grove township and in 1864, after his 
 mother arrived here, he purchased the farm where he continued to reside through- 
 out the remainder of his life. About the same time his brother William O. Day- 
 ton enlisted in the Civil war in the Eighty-ninth Illinois Infantry and was made 
 corporal in Company G, the company in which Ira B. Copley was first lieutenant, 
 Mr. Copley being a prominent merchant of Victoria and the father of Ira C. 
 Copley, who was elected to congress from the Aurora and Joliet district in 1909. 
 In his younger days Benjamin Dayton was also employed in a clerical position in 
 Victoria and neighboring towns. Among the many trying experiences he had to 
 encounter was when he first arrived in Peoria and had but fifteen cents in his 
 possession. His first night was spent in a lumberyard and because the team he 
 had intended to drive had departed he was forced to walk to his uncle's home in 
 Victoria. Throughout the greater part of his life Mr. Dayton continued to 
 
^^ HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY :^ ^ 568 
 
 engage in his agricultural pursuits and placed his farm under high cultivation. 
 His was the first brick house erected in Walnut Grove township. Many of the 
 difficulties he encountered would have discouraged a less ambitious and deter- 
 mined man, but Benjamin Dayton worked steadily and faithfully and his record 
 is evidence of what industry and perseverance will do if reinforced by intelli- 
 gence, for he began with neither means nor influence and became a prominent 
 man in his community and the owner of a highly profitable farm. 
 
 In politics Mr. Dayton gave his support to the men and measures of the 
 republican party and he served as delegate to many conventions, being an active 
 worker in his party. He also served as highway commissioner and school trus- 
 tee and for six of his fifteen years' service as director of the Altona Library 
 served as its president. In all of his social, business and political relations he 
 was thoroughly reliable, helpful and progressive, giving his aid and influence to 
 many measures for the public good. He died on the 3d of November, 1911, and 
 was laid to rest by the side of his mother and brother in Oneida cemetery. 
 
 V;: v::;-,.;' ' WILLIAM O. DAYTON. :; v J : 
 
 William O. Dayton, a soldier of the Civil war and a highly esteemed citizen 
 of Knox county, was born on the nth of July, 1841, in Harpfersfield, New York, 
 a son of Bryant C. and Lydia (Copley) Dayton. He spent the first seventeen 
 years of his life in his native state, attending the schools of Harpersfield and 
 assisting in the work of the home farm. It was in 1858 that he came to Illinois 
 and took up his residence in Knox county, where he was living at the outbreak 
 of the Civil war. Feeling that his country needed his services, he enlisted in 1864 
 as a corporal in Company G, Eighty-ninth Illinois Volunteer Infantry, and after 
 one year's service was discharged for disability. 
 
 .C On the 6th of March, 1870. Mr. Dayton was united in marriage to Miss 
 Jennie Churchill, a daughter of Levi and Mary Churchill, of Imlay City, Lapeer 
 county, Michigan, where her father was engaged in farming. By this union one 
 son was born, Edmund O., who is now a resident of Oneida, Illinois. Mr. Day- 
 ton died on the Qth of May, 1909, and is still survived by his widow, who also 
 makes her home in Oneida. He was one of the prominent and influential men of 
 his community and stood high both in business and social circles. 
 
 .,;;-..;. :.,\;:.V^.;--- ;,-::';':.;; -^/'^; GEORGE w. REED. ;.:'';'-:''>;: ':.' ..v-.:4 ..;::;.:.;; 
 
 Among the residents of Victoria township who are closely associated with 
 agricultural interests in this part of the state is George W. Reed, the owner of 
 an excellent farm of two hundred and forty acres on section i of Victoria town- 
 ship, Knox county, and the adjoining eighty acres of section 6, West Jersey town- 
 ship. Stark county. He was born November 2, 1858, in Galva township, Henry 
 county, and was reared in Victoria township, where he received his education 
 at the Union schoolhouse. After his school days he began farming on his home 
 
664 HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY 
 
 '^ place, where he remained until 1882, when he came to his present farm, part of 
 : which was inherited by his wife. He has worked diligently and persistently to 
 develop and improve his farm, has erected all the buildings on the same, and he 
 now owns one of the most valuable tracts of land in the community. At the 
 present time all of his land is rented but he owns a half-interest in all the hogs, 
 sheep and cattle on the farm. 
 
 On the 27th of December, 1882, Mr. Reed was united in marriage to Lenora 
 : C. Gibbs, who was a native of Lynn township and a daughter of Joseph D. and 
 . Elizabeth (Gitzenger) Gibbs, both of whom have passed away. Mrs. Reed re- 
 ceived her early education in the public schools of her home community and later 
 attended Knox College at Galesburg, Illinois. She passed away in January, 1905, 
 and is buried in Galva cemetery. Her death was deeply regretted by a host of 
 friends and acquaintances throughout Knox county. She was a member of the 
 Christian church, and socially was connected with the Royal Neighbors. After 
 , her death Mr. Reed gave up housekeeping but he remains on his farm. He has 
 been a lifelong republican and has filled the office of commissioner of highways, 
 in which capacity he served for twelve years. In all his business dealings he is 
 straightforward and reliable and enjoys to the fullest extent the confidence and 
 good-will of those with whom he comes in contact. . . 
 
 :,;;:-,; ::>-';-; ;vr\.'; ' ' j. B. MERRIS. '^^;:\y/:::-A''- /V-; 
 
 J. B. Merris, who for twenty-seven years has been engaged in general farming 
 .in Knox county, was born in Scott county, Illinois, October 22, 1849, being a son 
 of Bethol and Mary (Crawford) Merris. The father was also a native of Scott 
 county, and there he married Miss Crawford, whose birth occurred in the vicin- 
 ity of Columbus, Ohio. In 1851 they removed to Warren county, Illinois, 
 . locating on a farm near Greenbush, where the father passed away in 1891. The 
 ": mother survived for seven years thereafter, her demise occurring on the 24th 
 of December, and was laid to rest beside her husband in Olive cemetery in War- 
 ren county. In the paternal line the family was originally of Irish extraction, 
 but for several generations have been American citizens, while the Crawfords 
 ^ came from New England. Six children were born unto Mr. and Mrs. Merris: 
 
 . Meribah, who passed away on the 23d of October, 1910; J. B., our subject; and 
 , Liza and Flora, both of whom are deceased; Almira, who is the widow of G. 
 Ray, of Warren county ; and Malissa, who is unmarried and living in Avon, 
 ' - Illinois. The family always affiliated with the Christian church of which the 
 . ' ; mother was a member. 
 
 . Illinois has always been the home of J. B. Merris, who obtained his education 
 ,v- in the common schools of Warren county. Having been trained in agricultural 
 .' pursuits from his earliest boyhood upon attaining his majority he decided to 
 ' .. ' ; make farming his life vocation and continued to remain at home assisting his 
 ; . father with the work of the farm until he was thirty-one. He then decided on 
 
 . an independent career and coming to Knox county located in Indian Point town- 
 
 ship, where he now owns seventy-one acres of land. This is devoted to general 
 farming and in a high state of cultivation and well improved. He has met with 
 
t^^i ;f;<-v'> HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY ; -^ife 
 
 success in his endeavors and in addition to the place where he resides owns 
 eleven acres of timber land in Fulton county, Illinois. 
 
 Mr. Merris has never married. He attends the Christian church, while his 
 political allegiance is given to the democratic party. He is one of the energetic x,-;; 
 and capable farmers of the community in which he resides and has met with --7 
 substantial rewards through the intelligent direction of his energies. ,--..-.: 
 
 ':'::^::'-:::-^.[ .-"^.^-^::- .'/: '^f.--. w. H. SELBY. ',';.;-:;- 'IV: --::-;' :;.>,.... 
 
 W. H. Selby, who is now living retired, was for many years successfully ;. , ; 
 engaged in the operation of his homestead of three hundred and seventy-five u.' .'..,;: 
 acres, located a half mile east of Maquon, that is now being cultivated by his 
 son. His birth occurred on this place in 1850 and here he has spent practically . ; -, 
 his entire life, and is watching his grandchildren grow to manhood and woman- :,;-;/''' 
 hood surrounded by the scenes familiar to his own youth. His father, Philemon ,;.; ^^: : 
 B. Selby, was born in Lancaster, Ohio, in 1807, and there he grew to manhood :'-;'. .' 
 and studied to be a physician, but later engaged in the cattle business. In 1834 ': . v ; ,; 
 he came to Illinois, locating on some land in the vicinity of Aqua Vitae Springs, > ; : 
 but later he disposed of this and bought the farm where our subject now lives. V- /; 
 Here he devoted his energies to general farming and stock-raising until his demise , . . 
 in 1868 at the age of sixty-one years. He was one of the very early settlers in . .^ 
 the county, and one of the first to build a dam across the Spoon river and erected 'fl ."-'.' 
 a sawmill, which was the first one in Knox county and which he afterward -.....'' 
 remodeled into a gristmill. There were no bridges in this section of the state '; ' 
 at that time and soon after locating here, Mr. Selby drove a herd of five hundred '^V . 
 cattle to Ohio, being the first man in this vicinity to assume such an undertaking ' .j-; / . 
 as they had to be driven across the Illinois river. He was one of those men -=; ' 
 who possess the essential characteristics for pioneering, having the determination f- :. 
 and indomitable purpose that enabled him to carry to a successful issue, in the ...%.. 7::.;. 
 face of every discouragement, whatsoever he undertook. He was married on 
 November 12, 1837, to Miss Elizabeth Gullett, a native of Indiana and a daugh- ; ./ 
 
 ter of Joshua Gullett. Mrs. Selby 's mother, .prior to her marriage was a Miss ' . 
 
 Housh, an aunt of the family of that name now residing in Maquon. Of the * ^^ ' '. 
 marriage of Mr. and Mrs. Philemon B. Selby were born the following children: !-; . 
 
 Nelson and Mary, both of whom are deceased; Elisha, who owns a farm in / 
 Maquon township, but is now a resident of Kansas; Amanda, who married > ; 
 Arthur Summers, of this county; Salina, the wife of Thomas A. Clark; W. H., , 'X 
 our subject; and Ruth, who became the wife of George Bigelow, of Haw Creek^- > ^ . . 
 township. ;"-'-; V . 
 
 The youthful years of W. H. Selby were very similar in every respect to'/ ::.''.:' 
 those of other lads of that period and circumstances. He attended the public -.' j.^.^r 
 schools of Maquon in the acquirement of his preliminary education, later sup- >:;.;-;. 
 plementing the knowledge therein gained by a course in a business college at =-: 
 Galesburg. While attending school he always assisted in the work of the farm, : ' ': '. 
 his duties being increased from year to year as his strength and ability developed. V- '. 
 After laying aside his text-books, he returned home and resumed agricultural .' , . . 
 
566 HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY 
 
 pursuits, giving his undivided attention to the cultivation of the fields and care 
 of the stock. When he came into possession of the property, Mr. Selby erected 
 all of the buildings now standing and made other extensive improvements, thus 
 making his one of the most attractive and valuable farms in this section of the 
 county. It has many natural beauties and advantages not common to the majority 
 of farms in this vicinity, being plentifully supplied with springs, which furnish 
 water for both household purposes and the stock. Across one portion of the 
 land runs an old Indian trail. In connection with his general farming Mr. Selby 
 made a specialty of raising stock, meeting with most substantial returns from 
 both undertakings. 
 
 Mr. Selby married Miss Florence Isabel Allen, a daughter of William Allen, 
 of Orange township, a well known agriculturist at that time. Of this union there 
 was born one son, William Floyd, whose birth occurred in 1880. He was edu- 
 cated in the public schools of Maquon, following which he attended Lombard 
 College. After the completion of his education he returned to the farm, the 
 entire control and management of which is now vested in him. He married Miss 
 Myrtle Harler, a daughter of W. W. Harler, and they have became the parents 
 of three children : Walter Ferree, Helen Isabel and Grace Maurine. Mrs. W. 
 H. Selby is now deceased, her demise occurring on the 24th of January, 1904. 
 
 Fraternally Mr. Selby is a Mason, to which organization as well as to the Odd 
 Fellows, the Knights of Pythias, and the Mystic Workers of the World, his son 
 also belongs. The political views of Mr. Selby coincide with the principles of 
 the democratic party, but he has never been an aspirant to official honors, pre- 
 ferring to give his entire attention to the direction of his own affairs, in the 
 conduct of which he met with a most gratifying measure of success. He is a 
 well known and highly respected representative of Knox county's esteemed 
 pioneer citizens, to whom must be given much credit for the development of 
 Maquon township, where the family has now resided for more than seventy 
 years. ' .' ' ':-" ' ; ';-.... '-';;: ;",:'''f^V'Vy^';^'-;^;v'-^, 
 
 ' ::-^^: PHILIP H. FRENCH. ^; r^^/r 'S^V^ ,; ' 
 
 Philip H. French is well known in Sparta township, being connected with 
 the railway mail service. He was born in North Henderson, Illinois, Septem- 
 ber II, 1885, and is a son of Hugh French, a native of Cum^berland county, 
 Pennsylvania, who was born in 1838. The latter was a son of John and Sarah 
 (Young) French, who with their family removed westward during the boyhood 
 of their son Hugh, the family settling first in the vicinity of Knoxville but after- 
 ward removing to Mercer county. Following the death of his parents Hugh 
 French responded to the country's call for aid, enlisting in Company A, of the 
 One Hundred and Second Illinois Regiment, at Knoxville. He served with that 
 command until the close of the war, the regiment being attached to the Army 
 of the Cumberland. As a companion and helpmate for life's journey Hugh 
 French chose Miss Louisa Schroeder, who was born in the state of New York, 
 July 31, 1848, and was a daughter of Henry F. and Mary (Stahl) Schroeder. 
 The Schroeder family removed from the east to Henderson, Illinois, where the 
 
HUGH FRENCH 
 
566 ''' HISTORY OF KXOX COUNTY 
 
 pursuits, giving his undivided attention to the cultivation of the fields and care 
 of the stock. When he came into possession of the property, Mr. Selby erected 
 all of the buildings now standing and made other extensive improvements, thus 
 making his one of the most attractive and valuable farms in this section of the 
 county. It has many natural beauties and advantages not common to the majority 
 of farms in this vicinity, being plentifully supplied with springs, which furnish 
 water for both household purposes and the stock. Across one portion of the 
 land runs an old Indian trail. In connection with his general farming Mr. Selby 
 made a specialty of raising stock, meeting with most substantial returns from 
 both undertakings. 
 
 Mr. Selby married Miss Florence Isabel Allen, a daughter of William Allen, 
 of Orange township, a well known agriculturist at that time. Of this union there 
 was born one son, William Floyd, whose birth occurred in 1880. He was edu- 
 cated in the jniblic schools of Matjuon, following which he attended Lombard 
 College. After the comjiletion of his ethication he returned to the farm, the 
 entire control and management of which is now vested in him. He married Miss 
 Myrtle Harler, a daughter of \V. W. Harler, and they have became the parents 
 of three children: Walter Ferree, Helen Isabel and Grace Maurine. Mrs. W. 
 H. Selby is now deceased, her demise occurring on the 24th of January, 1904. 
 
 Fraternally Mr. Selby is a Mason, to which organization as well as to the Odd 
 Fellows, the Knights of Pythias, and the Mystic Workers of the World, his son 
 also belongs. The political views of Mr. Selby coincide with the principles of 
 the democratic party, but he has never been an aspirant to official honors, pre- 
 ferring to give his entire attention to the direction of his own affairs, in the 
 conduct of which he met with a most gratifying measure of success. He is a 
 well known and highly respected representative of Knox county's esteemed 
 pioneer citizens, to whom must be given much credit for the development of 
 Maquon township, where the family has now resided for more than seventy 
 years. : . 
 
 PHILIP H. FRENCH. 
 
 Philip H. French is well known in Sparta township, being connected with 
 the railway mail service. He was bom in North Henderson, Illinois. Septem- 
 ber II. 1885, and is a son of Hugh French, a native of Cumberland county, 
 Pennsylvania, who was born in 1838. The latter was a son of John and Sarah 
 CN'oung) French, who with their family removed westward during the boyhood 
 of their son Hugh, the family settling first in the vicinity of Knoxville but after- 
 ward removing to Mercer county. Following the death of his parents Hugh 
 French responded to the country's call for aid, enlisting in Company A, of the 
 One Hundred and Second Illinois Regiment, at Knoxville. He served with that 
 command until the close of the war. the regiment lx:ing attached to the Army 
 of the Cumberland. As a companion and helpmate for life's journey Hugh 
 French chose Miss Louisa Schroeder. who was born in the state of New York, 
 July 31, 1848. and was a daughter of Henry F. and Mary (Stahl) Schroeder. 
 The Schroeder faniilv removed from the east to Henderson, Illinois, where the 
 
KKKNC II 
 
.,v.^ ..=;;;.,; HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY ; 569 
 
 father of Mrs. Hugh French followed the cabinet-maker's trade, which he had 
 previously learned. Later he opened a mercantile establishment at Henderson 
 and also filled the office of postmaster there. After conducting his business 
 successfully for a number of years he sold out and retired, enjoying well earned 
 rest up to the time of his death, which occurred in 1885, when he was seventy- 
 five years of age. His wife survived him until 1893 and passed away at the 
 age of seventy-six years. It was their daughter Louise who became tiie wife of 
 Hugh French, and unto them were bom three children : Minnie, who is now the 
 wife of E. W. Goldsmith ; Charles, a resident of St. Paul, Minnesota, who mar- 
 ried Ethel Daniels and has two children, Edward and Harvey; and Philip H,, 
 of this review. The father, long a valued and respected resident of Knox 
 county, as loyal to his country in days of peace as when he followed the old 
 flag on southern battlefields, died on the I2th of December, 1907. 
 
 Philip H. French, whose name introduces this review, spent his youthful 
 days in his parents' home and acquired his education in the public schools. He 
 now gives his attention to official duties as a clerk in the railway mail service, his , 
 run being over the Burlington road. 
 
 Mr. French was united in marriage to Miss Minnie Williamson, who was bom 
 April 3, 1889, in Sparta township, and is a daughter of John E. and Christina 
 (Hanson) Williamson, who are residents of that township, her father being now 
 forty-nine and her mother forty-seven years of age. The former was a son of 
 Jonas Williamson, a native of Sweden, now deceased. Mr. and Mrs. French have 
 become the parents of two children: Constance, who was bom January i, 1910; 
 and Delwin, born July 29, 1911. Both Mr. and Mrs. French have spent their en- 
 tire lives in this county and are well known among a circle of friends who enter- 
 tain for them warm regard and who extend to them the cordial hospitality of 
 their home. 
 
 ' -; \.v:V-;^- ' :.:-. --.'^'^- C. E. SHUMAKER.V .^''.^v'.., . ; .' . ;/ ;. vv-iVi;-: 
 
 C. E. Shumaker, a former agriculturist of Knox county and now living in a 
 comfortable home at No. 402 Carlisle avenue, Abingdon, is a native of Knox 
 county, born in Indian Point township, February 3, 1864. Gallipolis, Ohio, was 
 the birthplace of his father, James Shumaker, who came to Indian Point town- 
 ship, Knox county, when a boy and became one of the pioneer agriculturists, 
 joining in the widespread movement that converted the raw prairie lands of 
 Illinois into richly producing farmlands. He pursued farming until his death 
 terminated his labors. His widow, who is still living and is now in her seventy- 
 second year, is a native of Knox county, Illinois, a daughter of one of the early 
 settlers of this community. She resides in Abingdon where her declining years 
 are often gladdened by the happy occasions when her children gather about her. 
 The latter are seven in number, all but one inhabitants of Illinois and living 
 within easy distance from her. C. E. Shumaker is the eldest child. The others 
 are : Ella, the widow of L. Blisa, of Abingdon ; W. F., living near Hermon, Illi- 
 nois; J. L., farming in Swaledale, Iowa; Myrtle, the wife of J. R. Stephens, 
 
570 HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY 
 
 New Boston, Illinois ; Mamie, the wife of Daniel Rodenbaugh, a farmer of St. 
 Augustine ; and Alta May, the wife of Bert Dawdy, of Abingdon. 
 
 C. E. Shumaker had a common-school education supplemented by training 
 in commercial branches at the General City Commercial College, of Quincy, 
 Illinois. He remained at home with his parents until he was twenty-four years 
 old, when he bought a farm on section ii, Indian Point township, and engaged 
 independently in farming. After some years he removed to a farm on section 
 13 and gave his efforts to the improvement of the land which soon yielded abund- 
 ant crops. Four years ago, in 1907, he retired from farming, purchasing a hand- 
 some new house in Abingdon where the family now resides. He still has valu- 
 able farm holdings, two hundred and forty acres in Knox county which he rents, 
 and a half section in the Saskatchewan valley in Canada. From these and from 
 investments in various industrial plants in Abingdon he enjoys a liberal income 
 enabling him to live not only in ease but in affluence. 
 
 Twenty-five years ago, in 1886, C. E. Shumaker was united in marriage to Miss 
 Ella Davis, a native of Knox county. They are the parents of two children, 
 Verda Maud, aged twenty, a graduate of the Abingdon high school and now at- 
 tending college at Lynchburg, Virginia ; and James Harry, aged seventeen, a 
 student in high school. Mr. Shumaker and his family are members of the Chris- 
 tian church. Like his father before him, he is republican in his political predilec- 
 tions and, although loyal to his party, he has never cared for the honors of public 
 office. Fraternally he is connected with the Abingdon lodge of the Knights of 
 Pythias in which organization he has passed through all the chairs. He is a man 
 of determination and excellent judgment, qualities which have been no small 
 factor in winning for him the success that is justly his. ,.. 
 
 ; ; V ;X^ GEORGE A. SMITH. ;:;::-.; '^ 
 
 For the last year George A. Smith has been engaged in cultivating the two 
 hundred acre farm in Henderson township upon which he resides. He was born 
 in Henderson township, April 28, 1876, and is the son of Anthony L. and Mar- 
 garet A. (Davidson) Smith, who were among the early settlers of Knox county. 
 The father, whose birth occurred June 24, 1839, in Ulster county. New York, 
 was the son of Samuel and Clarissa (Gosso) Smith, both natives of Brooklyn, 
 New York, having been born there in 1792 and 1795, respectively. Samuel Smith 
 served for two years in the war of 1812, under General Jackson, and was colonel 
 of his regiment. He engaged in various pursuits during his active career, such as 
 agriculture, the tanning business and the lumber business. At the same time 
 that he owned and managed his five hundred acre farm in Ulster county he also 
 built and ran a tannery for twenty-five years and engaged to a considerable extent 
 in the lumber business, which he continued even after he had sold the tannery. 
 After having disposed of this, his last business interest, he retired from an active 
 life and lived with his son. In politics he was a member of the whig party, and 
 in religious faith, a Methodist. Both Mr. and Mrs. Smith died at the age of 
 eighty-three years, the former passing away at the home of his son, Anthony 
 Smith. 
 
.. . ;;/; > I --V HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY . V; 571 
 
 Anthony L. Smith was the eleventh of the twelve children bom to his parents. 
 After receiving what education the common schools could give him, he began 
 to earn his own livelihood by working in a sawmill and hauling logs and sub- 
 sequently accepting employment on a farm, at which work he continued until 
 eighteen years of age, when he came west. He left New York, September 27, 
 1857, and after arriving in Illinois settled in Henderson Grove, where he worked 
 in a sawmill for more than thirty years. At that time he purchased a farm of two 
 hundred acres, the cultivation of which occupied his time until his retirement, in 
 February, 1906. He is now living comfortably in Henderson and his sons are 
 managing the farm. On February 7, 1867, he was married to Maggie A. David- 
 son, a daughter of Robert and Julia A. (Flishier) Davidson, who were among 
 the early settlers in Knox county. To Mr. and Mrs. Smith three children were 
 born, namely : George A., the subject of this sketch ; Fred G., who married Helen 
 Rhodes and to whom two sons, Charles A. and Robert, have been born ; and 
 Harvey. The two oldeF sons are residng on the father's farm and Harvey makes 
 his home with his parents. In religious faith Mr. Smith is a member of the 
 United Brethren church, and in politics gives his support to the democratic party, 
 by whom he has frequently been elected to office. Among the offices he has held 
 are those of supervisor, collector, assessor and school trustee. 
 
 George A. Smith acquired his education in the common schools, the Hender- 
 son high school and Brown's Business College. His first employment after finish- 
 ing these courses was on a farm, but in 1903 he accepted a clerical position in 
 Galesburg and for four years was stockman for the W. A. Jordan Company, 
 wholesale grocers. During the next two years he was employed by the Gales- 
 burg office of the Prudential Life Insurance Company, remaining with them until 
 he removed to the two hundred acre farm upon which he now resides. 
 
 On September lo, 1895, Mr. Smith was married to Rebecca Windom and 
 to this union one child has been born, Irene, who is a student in the Galesburg 
 high school and the Knox Conservatory of Music. Mrs. Smith was the daughter 
 of William and Mary Windom. The father was a native of Ohio, where his 
 death also occurred, and the mother has been a resident of Knox county since 
 she was twenty-seven years of age. 
 
 In politics Mr. Smith gives his support to the republican party and is a loyal 
 supporter of its principles and an advocate of its policies as being the most effi- 
 cient for good government. He is a member of the Elks Lodge of Galesburg, 
 No. 894. In the various business positions he has held and in his social relations 
 Mr. Smith has always shown himself to be a man of integrity and ability, one, 
 who is an advocate of any measure standing for improved social conditions or 
 business progression.' ',.'^; ;'-' "';'^. 'v^ 
 
 ; ; ;>-:'. ARTHUR JOSFPH GEHRING. ^ ' ':-':'..-': 
 
 Our modern improved methods of education and the more comfortable mode 
 of life amid which our young people are being brought up, these, it has frequently 
 been demonstrated, are not a hindrance but a help in the better administration 
 of affairs whether in business life, on the farm or in the home. A good illustra- 
 
572 HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY 
 
 tion of this fact may be noted in Arthur Joseph Gehring, one of the rising gen- 
 eration of young farmers rapidly coming to the front and .commanding the recog- 
 nition of their elders for their alertness and efficiency. He has been operating 
 the home farm since the retirement of his father, Joseph Gehring, in 1903 and 
 is now only twenty-six years old. 
 
 His birth occurred August 21, 1885, in Sparta township, Knox county, on the 
 homestead where he is living. He is a son of Joseph and Cora (Peterson) 
 Gehring. His father is a resident of Wataga and was bom east of that town, in 
 Sparta township, March i6, 1856. He lost his mother when a boy ten years of 
 age, her death occurring in 1895 when she was thirty-five years old. The family 
 took possession of the farm in 1869 and for twenty-four years the father carried 
 on general farming and stock-raising, devoting himself to improving the land and 
 enriching the soil until he had greatly enhanced the value of the property. 
 
 In the district schools of Sparta township Arthur J. Gehring obtained his 
 early education, following this by a course at the Wataga -high school and there- 
 after attending the Brown Business College at Galesburg. In 1903 he under- 
 took the management of the farm for his father, continuing the former policy of 
 general farming and stock-raising in accordance with improved methods and 
 progressive ideas. 
 
 Mr. Gehring was united in marriage to Miss Nina McDonald December 27, 
 1911. She was born May lo, 1889, in Burlington, Iowa, and, being left an orphan 
 in her infancy, was reared by Mrs. Ella (Woods) Bird, of Girard, Kansas, a 
 sister of her mother, whose maiden name was Laura Woods. Mrs. Gehring has 
 two brothers : Vernon, a farmer in Knox county ; and Frank, living in Denver, 
 Colorado. '.: -' ' - '^^. '. '. ^. - 
 
 Mr. Gehring and his wife are members of the Methodist Episcopal church 
 and Mr. Gehring is a member of its official board. In the social life of the com- 
 munity they are popular with young and old alike. 
 
 > ^'^ ,,::: --"^- .'; _ CORNELIUS WAYM AN/ ;;;::: --.r -:'::;-;;;::-;: 
 
 . Cornelius Wayman is now living retired in Altona. He has passed the sev- 
 enty-fifth milestone on life's journey, his birth having occurred in Otsego county, 
 New York, June 3, 1836. His father, Thomas Wayman, died in 1860, when sixty 
 years of age. He had followed farming throughout his entire life and was long 
 known as an industrious, energetic agriculturist of Otsego county. His wife died 
 when their son Cornelius was a boy, and of the three children of the family he 
 is now the only one living. His educational advantages were limited, for his ser- 
 vices were needed upon the home farm and he worked diligently and with de- 
 termination through the period of his boyhood and thus laid the foundation for 
 whatever success he has enjoyed. He first came to Wisconsin in 1857, when 
 twenty years of age, making his way from there to Victoria, Illinois. Soon he 
 secured a situation as a farm hand and was thus employed until after the out- 
 break of the Civil war. The country was but entering upon the long, four-year 
 period of hostilities when he offered his services, enlisting on the 25th of May, 
 i86i, as a member of Company D, Seventeenth Illinois Infantry, under Captain 
 
CORNELIUS WAYMAX 
 
572 : HISTORY OF KXOX COUNTY , V 
 
 tion of this fact may be noted in Arthur Joseph Gehring, one of the rising gen- 
 eration of young farmers rapidly coming to the front and commanding the recog- 
 nition of their elders for their alertness and efficiency. He has been operating 
 the home farm since the retirement of his father, Joseph Gehring, in 1903 and 
 is now only twenty-six years old. 
 
 His birth occurred August 21, 1885, in Sparta township, Knox county, on the 
 homestead where he is living. He is a son of Joseph and Cora (Peterson) 
 Gehring. His father is a resident of Wataga and was born east of that town, in 
 Sparta township, March i6, 1856. He lost his mother when a boy ten years of 
 age, her death occurring in 1895 when she was thirty-five years old. The family 
 took possession of the farm in 1869 and for twenty-four years the father carried 
 on general farming and stock-raising, devoting liimself to improving the land and 
 enriching the soil until he had greatly enhanced the value of the property. 
 
 In the district schools of Sparta township Arthur J. Gehring obtained his 
 early education, following this by a course at the Wataga high school and there- 
 after attending the Brown Business College at Galesburg. In 1903 he under- 
 took the management of the farm for his father, continuing the fonner policy of 
 general farming and stock-raising in accordance with improved methods and 
 progressive ideas. 
 
 Mr. Gehring was united in marriage to Miss Xina McDonald December 27, 
 191 1. She was born May lO, 1889, in Burlington, Iowa, and, being left an orphan 
 in her infancy, was reared by Mrs. Ella ( Woods) Bird, of Girard, Kansas, a 
 sister of her mother, whose maiden name was Laura Woods. Mrs. Gehring has 
 two brothers : \ ernon, a farmer in Kno.x county : and I'rank, living in Denver, 
 Colorado. ' . ' , ' t 
 
 Mr. Gehring and his wife are members of the Methodist Episcopal church 
 and Mr. Gehring is a member of its official board. In the social life of the com- 
 munity they are popular with young and old alike. 
 
 CORXELIUS WAYMAN. 
 
 Cornelius Wayman is now living retired in Altona. He has passed the sev- 
 enty-fifth milestone on life's journey, his birth having occurred in Otsego county, 
 Xew York, June 3, 1836. His father, Thomas Wayman, died in 1860, when sixty 
 years of age. He had followed farming throughout his entire life and was long 
 known as an industrious, energetic agriculturist of Otsego county. His wife died 
 when their son Cornelius was a boy, and of the three children of the family he 
 is now the only one living. His educational advantages were limited, for his ser- 
 vices were needed upon the home farm and he worked diligently and with de- 
 termination through the period of his boyhood and thus laid the foundation for 
 whatever success he has enjoyed. He first came to Wisconsin in 1857, when 
 twenty years of age. making his way from there to X'ictoria, Illinois. Soon he 
 secured a situation as a farm hand and was thus employed until after the out- 
 break of the Civil war. The country was but entering uix>n the long, four-year 
 period of hostilities when he offered his services, enlisting on the 25th of May, 
 i86i, as a member of Company D. Seventeenth Illinois Infantry, under Captain 
 
((HtXKI.HS \\.\N.MAN' 
 
HISTORY OF KNOX COUNT^ ' ? 575 
 
 Henry Bush, of Galva. The regiment was with the Western Army under Gen- 
 eral Grant. Mr. Wayman served for his three years' term of enlistment and then 
 veteranized, at which time he was transferred to the Eighth Illinois under Captain 
 Caldwell and was with the Army of the Gulf until the close of the war. His last 
 commander was General Canby, who commanded the Department of the Gulf. 
 With his regiment he went to Mobile and later through Texas and afterward was 
 sent up the Red River gathering up arms following the cessation of hostilities. 
 He was mustered out at Baton Rouge in 1866 and left that place for Springfield, 
 Illinois, where he was honorably discharged, having made a most creditable mili- 
 tary record during the five years in which he wore the country's blue uniform. 
 Mr. Wayman returned to Victoria and was again engaged in farming for nine 
 
 years, after which he removed to Wataga, where he followed teaming for two 
 years. He then came to Altona and is now living retired. For a long period, 
 however, he was janitor of the high-school building, occupying that position for 
 thirty years beginning in i88i. During that period his daughter and his grand- 
 
 daughter were graduated from that school. 
 
 Mr. Wayman married Letitia Blackwood, who was bom in Ohio and died 
 October 14, 1911, at the age of sixty-four years. She was a daughter of Beverly 
 D. Blackwood, a carpenter by trade. Mrs. Wayman was a devout member of 
 the Methodist church and an active worker in its various departments, partic- 
 
 ulariy in the Ladies' Aid and Missionary Societies. When she was quite young 
 her mother died and her father married again. She remained at home with her 
 stepmother up to the time of her marriage, which was celebrated in Knoxville, 
 
 ; Illinois, on the nth of September. 1866. Mr. and Mrs. Wayman began their 
 . domestic life near Victoria in the plain, old-fashioned way. As the years passed, 
 four children came to brighten their home but death entered the household and 
 . only one is now living, Mrs. Harriet E. Peacock, who was bom February i6, 
 1868. She is the wife of James J. Peacock, who was born near New Brenton, 
 Illinois, July i, 1864, ^ son of Joseph Peacock, who was bom in 1820 and was 
 f a brickmaker. He wedded Mary D. Kindred, who was born in 1825. Mr. Pea- 
 cock was a native of England but was only seven years of age when brought by 
 ':. his parents, Thomas and Ann (Payne) Peacock, to the new world. Joseph Pea- 
 ; cock, after reaching manhood, engaged in brickmaking in the state of New York 
 r but in early manhood removed westward to Peoria, Illinois, where he married. 
 He operated the first brickyard at Peoria, Illinois, its location being near the old 
 fair grounds on Knoxville avenue. In early manhood he served as a soldier in 
 
 the Indian war which occurred in Florida. It was his son, James J. Peacock, 
 who wedded Harriet E. Wayman and unto them were bom three children : Claude 
 J., nineteen years of age ; Eldna B., seventeen years of age ; and Ralph E., a youth 
 of fifteen. In early manhood James J. Peacock leamed and followed the brick- 
 maker's trade, continuing in that line of business in Iowa county, Iowa, until 
 thirty-two years of age, when he came to Altona, where he has since made his 
 home, being now recognized as one of the representative residents of that place. 
 
 Mr. Wayman is classed with the most widely known and highly esteemed citi- 
 zens of Altona, his upright life having gained for him the warm regard of all 
 who know him. He is a devoted member of the Methodist church and has served 
 as one of its trustees for many years. Fratemally he is connected' with the In- 
 dependent Order of Odd Fellows and has passed all of the chairs in the local 
 
HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY 
 
 lodge to which he belongs. His life has been well spent and his devotion to duty 
 and his irreproachable integrity have been the salient qualities which have gained 
 for him the confidence and good-will of all who know him. His life has been in 
 many respects an exemplary one and furnishes many an example that might well 
 be followed by others. . . . . ; -.;,;:. . 
 
 '::''.''' -^^'-^'-^: ' JOHN HEFFERNAN. ..../;. -.-.'" vv-;-'^-' ''''V-^'' 
 
 John Heffernan, a retired farmer and now proprietor of a boarding house 
 on Main street in Victoria, Illinois, was bom June 15, 1841, in Medina county, 
 Ohio. He is the grandson of John HefFeman, who resided all his life in Charles- 
 ton, South Carolina. The father, Francis Heffernan, was born, reared and edu- 
 cated in Charleston. After leaving school he chose to take up as his trade the 
 work of shoemaking, a business which he followed with much success all his 
 life. In youth he married Miss Caroline Hodgeman, a daughter of William 
 Hodgeman and a native of Vermont. A few years after his marriage he settled 
 in Medina comity, Ohio, where he lived for fourteen years, and then moved to 
 Victoria, where he began his trade in the old shop that is still standing. He was 
 a republican in politics and although he was not an office seeker, he took a great 
 interest in a private way in helping t'o better the conditions of his town. He 
 followed his trade loyally all his life and up to the time of his death, when he had 
 reached the venerable age of seventy-eight years. Untiring and faithful labor 
 netted him an income ample for his wants and comforts. His wife passed away 
 at the age of seventy-four years and they are both buried in the Victoria ceme- 
 tery. Their family consisted of two children : Isabelle, who died in Ohio, at the 
 age of fifteen; and John, of Victoria. v > - ' .: I 
 
 John Heffernan after finishing his course in the public schools of Victoria 
 began farming, working by the month for seven years for David Swickard, now 
 of Victoria. After leaving that employ he was married, in 1866, to Miss Mar- 
 garet Smith, who was born in Victoria township, December 5, 1840, a daughter 
 of John and Mary (Gingrich) Smith, both of whom were bom in Little York, 
 York county, Pennsylvania. Mr. and Mrs. Smith were the parents of ten chil- 
 dren, eight of whom lived to maturity. The parents, leaving Pennsylvania with 
 their two children, went to Ohio where they remained one year, moving to Illi- 
 nois in 1835 and settling on a farm of three hundred and twenty acres upon 
 section 24, Victoria township. Having made the trip from Ohio in wagons, Mr. 
 and Mrs. Smith lived in this fashion of camping until they had constructed a 
 log house which contained one room on the first floor and one above. Later this 
 log house was moved to another part of the farm and used as a tenant house. 
 Mr. Smith was a stock-raiser and farmer whose labors won much success. 
 Although willing to do all he could for his community, he never sought office. 
 He was a democrat in his political views and a Lutheran in religion, of which 
 church both he and his family were faithful members. He died in 1889, at the 
 age of eighty-three, and his wife passed away in 1892, at the age of eighty, 
 both being laid to rest in the Victoria cemetery. ^ . . . 
 
HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY 
 
 577 
 
 After his marriage John Heffernan settled in Victoria township, where he 
 lived for about five years, or until 1870, at which time he moved to PCansas, where 
 he resided for four years. Returning to Knox county in 1874, he lived in Cop- 
 ley township until 1887, when he moved to Victoria township, residing at the 
 old Smith homestead for six years, at the close of which time he took charge 
 of the boarding-house which he now has at Victoria. He is the father bf two 
 children. The elder, Frank W., of Victoria township, married Miss Susan 
 Mosher, a daughter of Charles Mosher, and they are the parents of four chil- 
 dren, Mabel A., Edna Lucy, Bessie Courtney and Jessie May. Their other child 
 is Mary C., the wife of Charles F. Nelson, of Walnut Grove township, and 
 mother of seven children, Clio L., Vera B., Vaun O., Clem A., Vivian I., Clare 
 D. and Willard Ivan. 
 
 .' ; Fraternally Mr. Heffernan is identified with the Modern Woodmen of 
 America, while politically he adhers to the republican party. He attends the 
 Methodist Episcopal church with his wife, who is a member thereof, and alsc 
 an active worker in the Ladies' Aid Society and a member of the Royal Neigh- 
 bors. Mr. Heffernan while in Kansas was a trustee of the school board and 
 although he has never cared for positions of public trust, whenever such occasion 
 did arise, he rendered services which have been most beneficial to the community 
 and township of his residence. 
 
 .:;;- ;x.:;; .:;' .'''i-'-'^: JONAS JOHNSON. .>;^;--.--:'. . ' .-xXiv./H'-'n^' 
 
 - , Jonas Johnson owns a farm of eighty- four acres located on section 5, of Vic- 
 toria township, where his well tilled fields manifest his agricultural skill. He is 
 one of the worthy citizens that Sweden has contributed to Knox county, his natal 
 day being the 5th of February, 1872, and his parents Jonas and Annie Johnson 
 passed their entire lives in the old country. 
 
 In the common schools of his native land, Jonas Johnson obtained a good, 
 practical education and there he also received his early agricultural training. By 
 the time he had attained the age of twenty years he felt oppressed by the limita- 
 tions of expansion and opportunities in his native land. Carrj^ing the convic- 
 tion that conditions more admissible of ambition and more conducive to prog- 
 ress were prevailing in the western hemisphere, he determined to put to the test 
 the wonderful stories he had heard regarding the advantages awaiting the 
 ambitious and enterprising young man in America and. in 1892, took passage for 
 the United States. Upon his arrival in this country he came directly to Knox 
 county, first locating in Galva. Later he purchased his present farm, at that 
 time the property of a Mrs. Brott, and here he has ever since lived. Although 
 the place was improved and under cultivation when he bought it, during the 
 period of his ownership Mr. Johnson has wrought many and extensive changes. 
 The greater part of the buildings now standing have been erected since he located 
 here, and he has also added various other improvements, thus thoroughly 
 modernizng it and at the same time greatly enhancing its value. He is industrious 
 and practical in his methods and has always given his personal attention to the 
 tilling of his fields and gathering of his crops. His labors are annually rewarded 
 
/. . ..;v9^-i,-::;:;.:. : ; /' '-,::'^^'-" v,- ;.'/ ''/-:''''/'- ";' 
 
 ^ Vv;v^v. HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY '' '^ - - : .: 
 
 by abundant barvests, tbe quality of wbicb is in every way fully equal to tbe 
 quantity. Stock-raising as well as general farming bas engaged tbe attention 
 of Mr. Jobnson, wbo bas met witb lucrative returns from botb brancbes of bis 
 business. Clear judgment, persistence and tbe determination of purpose tbat 
 refuses to accept defeat bave been tbe most striking cbaracteristics manifested 
 by bim in tbe direction of bis activities. Owing to bis painstaking efforts and 
 the intelligent direction of his endeavors he has prospered from the first and is 
 now numbered among tbe substantial citizens of tbe community. In addition 
 to bis fine bomestead Mr. Jobnson owns stock in tbe Victoria Telepbone Company. 
 In tbe attainment of prosperity Mr. Jobns.on bas been capably assisted by 
 tbe efficient management of tbe bousebold affairs by bis wife, wbose maiden name 
 was Anna Jobnson. Sbe, too, is a native of Sweden, wbence sbe emigrated to 
 tbe United States by berself as a cbild of ten years. Six cbildren bave been 
 born to Mr. and Mrs. Jobnson, as follows : Vema, Elmer, Herman, Clinton, 
 Helen and Hilda. 
 
 . Tbe parents botb bold membersbip in tbe Metbodist Episcopal cburcb at 
 Victoria, and Mr. Jobnson is affiliated witb tbe Modern Woodmen of America, 
 bolding membersbip in tbe camp at Victoria. Ever since attaining rigbts of 
 citizensbip be bas given bis political support to tbe candidates of tbe republican 
 party but bas never been an office seeker. His private interests always required 
 bis undivided attention and be bas concentrated bis energies upon the develop- 
 ment of the farm. He now has bis land tiled and under bigb cultivation, and is 
 making sucb furtber improvements as bis returns warrant, from year to year, 
 and takes great pride in bis bomestead, wbicb be desires to make one of tbe 
 most attractive properties in tbe townsbip. . . 'r " ' /. 
 
 AMBROSE L. KING. 
 
 One of Knox county's patriotic citizens wbo donned tbe blue and went to tbe 
 front during tbose troublesome days in tbe '6os is Ambrose L. King. He is now 
 and has been for a long period engaged in general farming and stock-raising in 
 Victoria townsbip, wbere be bas resided for fifty-eigbt years. His birtb occurred 
 in Wyandotte county, Obio, on tbe 27tb of December, 1843, bis parents being 
 Ambrose and Harriet (Porter) King. Tbe fatber was born in tbe state of New 
 York, in 1798, and tbere be was reared and educated. In bis early manbood be 
 went to Pennsylvania, locating in tbe vicinity of Erie, wbere be met tbe lady 
 wbo later became bis wife. During tbe early years of tbeir domestic life tbey 
 removed to Obio, residing tbere until 1853. In tbe latter year tbey crossed the 
 prairies of Indiana to Illinois, settling in Victoria townsbip, a mile east of our 
 subject's farm, wbere tbe fatber acquired six bundred and forty acres of land. 
 Here closed bis active and useful life in its eightieth year, while the mother was 
 only sixty-six years of age at the time of her death. They were botb members 
 of tbe Seventb Day Adventist cburcb and be was a stancb advocate of tbe 
 political principles of tbe republican party, but never beld an office. Tbe family 
 of Mr. and Mrs. King numbered six, as follows : Nelson ; Herman ; Homer ; 
 Ambrose, our subject ; Sarab ; and Corwin. 
 
;J '. -^.A ^ HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY/: . '^^ ; 579 ; ' 
 
 Ambrose L. King was only a lad of ten years when he removed with his ' . ' ^. , 
 parents to Knox county, where he was reared to manhood, completing his educa- ' ' . 
 tion in the common schools of Victoria township. He had early been impressed ; . : j, 
 with a fine appreciation of patriotic duties and responsibilities toward one's .. :. 
 
 country, so when the nation's chief sent out a call for volunteers in the early days ' ; .- 
 of the war, it aroused his fervor and he responded by enlisting in Company B, ' 
 One Hundred and Thirty-eighth Illinois Volunteer Infantry. During the period .- ; 
 of his service he participated in several of the notable conflicts of the war but ' , 
 
 was never wounded or captured by the enemy. When mustered out he returned 
 to Knox county and resumed the duties of civil life as an agriculturist and has ,,; 
 
 always continued to be identified with this vocation. He now owns eighty acres 
 of land located on section 5, Victoria township, where he has resided ever since. - 
 his marriage. Here he engages in general farming and stock-raising and has met . ' " 
 with lucrative returns from both. He is a man of practical ideas and progres- ' , 
 sive methods, who uses intelligence and discretion in the direction of his under- ... ^ 
 
 takings and is recognized as one of the capable agriculturists of the community. / . 
 
 The lady who now bears the name of Mrs. Ambrose L. King was known T - 
 during her girlhood as Miss Sarah Collinson. She was bom and reared in Wilkes- :. . ; ; ! 
 Barre, Pennsylvania, whence she removed with her parents, Mr. and Mrs. Charles ! - 
 Collinson, to Lynn township, Knox county. Six children were born to Mr. and ' . ' 
 Mrs. King, as follows: Ivy, the wife of Charles Spencer, of Williamsfield ; Ida, ^. . 
 
 who married Fred Grant, of Victoria township; Kate, who became the wife of . . . ':V ' 
 Homer Patty, of Riverside, California; Sarah; Ora, who married Bert Thomas; ' A ' , 
 and Avery, who is at home. -, . s 
 
 Mr. King votes with the republican party, considering its policy best adapted .- ; 
 
 to subserve the highest interests of the country. He takes a deep interest in the :' . 
 development of the community and its political activities, but he has never aspired 
 to public office. During the long period of his residence in Knox county he has .; ' - 
 been an interested observer of its development and increasing prosperity, having ' 
 
 witnessed the introduction of modern methods and inventions that in rapid evolu- . 
 
 tion and on-march have completely revolutionized commercial, industrial and _ \ 
 agricultural life. His early manhood covered that formative period in the state's - 
 
 progress when pioneer methods were being superseded by modern conditions, f ol- -^ ^ 
 lowing the advent of a newer and higher form of civilization that developed after 
 the war, :'-'' ':.':..: '':.--:'-7r-'--^'^''r{-'''-.'--:-"'-' :"'''' .'';;/:-:-.; '," '^.' .-<- 
 
 ; , '; .- ABRAHAM L. HOOFNAGLE. . : M .> JC-'. 
 
 A resident of Knox county for the past twenty-seven years Abraham L. ;-. 
 Hoofnagel has not only witnessed the agricultural development of this section of V ; 
 the country but he has been an active participant of the movement, being sue- . 
 cessfully engaged in the pursuits of general farming. He owns and operates :::' 
 a fine farm on section 15, in Orange township. He claims Adams county, Penn- 
 sylvania, as the place of his birth, which there occurred April 25, i86i. His . 
 parents were Henry and Nancy (Caldwell) Hoofnagle, both natives of Penn- .;>,;- 
 sylvania. The father, who was a farmer and carpenter by occupation, and lived ' -s : 
 
580 HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY 
 
 until his death in Adams county, enlisted in the army at the time of the Civil war 
 and saw active service in a number of important battles. There were seven chil- 
 dren in the family, two daughters who are deceased, and five sons, all living. 
 They are : Samuel, at Fairfield, Pennsylvania ; Robert and John, also of that state ; 
 Grant, who lives in the state of Washington ; and Abraham, of this review. 
 
 During his boyhood days spent in Adams county, Pennsylvania, Abraham 
 Hoofnagle obtained an elementary education in the rural schools of his locality, 
 and when not engaged with his text-books was employed in various occupations 
 about the farm thus learning at an early age the many details necessary to know 
 in connection with the tilling of the soil and the raising of cattle. In 1874 he 
 came to Knox county, settling in Knox township where he first worked on a farm 
 in the employment of another. Later he engaged in agriculture on his own 
 account. Seven years ago, in 1904, he purchased the tract of land on which he 
 now lives, eighty acres of the soil of which is particularly rich and productive. 
 He is progressive in his methods and untiring in his efforts to make his place one 
 of the attractive spots in the county, conspicuous for its good equipment and its 
 thorough cultivation. . -.',;'. .',..' 
 
 Mr. Hoofnagle was united in marriage to Miss Amy Brown, the marriage 
 occurring in Knox county in 1895. She was a daughter of Amos Brown, an 
 early pioneer settler in the county. Both parents are now deceased. Mr. and 
 Mrs. Hoofnagle are ihe parents of six children : Mabel, Alva, Bernice. Russell, 
 Eva and Cecil, all living at home. Surrounded by an interesting family for 
 whom he wishes to provide a comfortable living and make larger opportunities 
 possible, Mr. Hoofnagle finds that impelling inspiration in his work that urges 
 him on to constantly renewed effort and cannot fail of winning success. ; .. . 
 
 V ^A J. ORTON FINLEY. -. -V^.k" 
 
 J. Orton Finley, who resides on section 24, Ontario township, was bom on 
 the iSth of December, 1874, and is a son of J. Alexander and Mary E. (Cox) 
 Finley, a sketch of whom appears elsewhere in this volume. 
 
 Mr. Finley of this review received his early education in the common schools 
 and later was a student at the University of Illinois. As soon as he had com- 
 pleted his education he took up farming on the old homestead, where he worked 
 according to the modern and scientific principles, which he acquired in his univer- 
 sity course. In the spring of 1905 he started in for himself and is now operating 
 four hundred acres of land, all under a high state of cultivation, which he 
 devotes to live-stock raising. He feeds over a thousand head of sheep, many 
 of which are used for exhibition purposes, as, for instance, Mr. Finley is the 
 largest and most successful exhibitor of sheep, at the International Fat Stock 
 Show in Chicago. He also exhibits cattle. In addition he carries on general 
 farming and also feeds cattle and hogs. 
 
 On the 24th of December, 1904, Mr. Finley was married to Miss Anna S. 
 Fox, a daughter of the Rev. J. W. and Charlotte (Stanley) Fox, the former a 
 Congregational minister. Mrs. Finley received her education at Wheaton, grad- 
 uating with the class of 1900, and at Oberlin College, of Oberlin, Ohio. To Mr. 
 
J. ORTOX FIXLEY 
 
580 HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY 
 
 until his death in Adams county, enlisted in the army at the time of the Civil war 
 and saw active service in a numher of important hattles. There were seven chil- 
 dren in the family, two daughters who are deceased, and five sons, all living. 
 They are : Samuel, at Fairfield, Pennsylvania ; Robert and John, also of that state ; 
 Grant, who lives in the state of Washington : and Abraham, of this review. 
 
 During his boyh<io(l days si>ent in Adams county. Pennsylvania, Abraham 
 Hoofnagle obtained an elementary education in the rural schools of his locality, 
 and when not engaged with his text-books was employed in various occupations 
 about the farm thus leaming at an early age the many details necessary to know 
 in connection with the tilling of the soil and the raising of cattle. In 1874 he 
 came to Knox county, settling in Knox township where he first worked on a farm 
 in the employment of another. Later he engaged in agriculture on his own 
 account. Seven years ago. in 1904. he purchased the tract of land on which he 
 now lives, eighty acres of the soil of which is particularly rich and productive. 
 He is i)rogressive in his methods and untiring in his efforts to make his |)lace one 
 of the attractive sjmts in the county, conspicuous for its good ecjuipment and its 
 thorough cultivation. :. ) 
 
 Mr. Hoofnagle was united in marriage to Miss Amy P.rown, the marriage 
 occurring in Knox county in 1895. She was a daughter of Amos Hrown, an 
 early pioneer settler in the county. IJoth parents are now deceased. Mr. and 
 Mrs. lloofnagle are the parents of six children: Mabel, .\lva, P.ernice, Russell, 
 Eva and Cecil, all living at home. Surrounded by an interesting family for 
 whom he wishes to provide a comfortable living and make larger oi)])ortunities 
 possil)le. Mr. lloofnagle finds that inijjelling inspiration in his work that urges 
 him on to constantly renewed effort and cannot fail of winning success. 
 
 J. ORTOX FIXLEY. 
 
 J. Orton Finley, who resides on section 24, Ontario township, was born on 
 the iSth of December. 1874, and is a son of J, Alexander and Mary E. (Cox) 
 Finley, a sketch of whom appears elsewhere in this voltime, 
 
 Mr, Finley of this review received his early education in the common schools 
 and later was a student at the University of Illinois. As soon as he had com- 
 pleted his education he took up farming on the old homestead, where he worked 
 according to the modern and scientific principles, which he acquired in his univer- 
 sity course. In the spring of nx^S he started in for himself and is now operating 
 four hundre<l acres of land, all under a high state of cultivation, which he 
 devotes to live-stock raising. He feeds over a thousand head of sheep, many 
 of which are used for exhibition purposes, as, for instance, Mr. Finley is the 
 largest and most successful exhibitor of sheej). at the International Fat Stock 
 Show in Chicago. He also exhibits cattle. In addition he carries on general 
 farming and also feeds cattle and hogs. 
 
 On the 24th of December, 1004, Mr. Finley was married to Miss Anna S. 
 Fox, a daughter of the Rev, J. W. and Charlotte (Stanley) Fox. the former a 
 Congregational minister. Mrs. Finley received her education at Wheaton, grad- 
 uating with the class of 1900, and at Oberlin College, of Oberlin, Ohio. To Mr. 
 
.1. OUTON I-'INI.KV 
 
HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY 583 
 
 and Mrs. Finley three children have been born, Mary C., Sarah E. and Anne 
 Josephine. In political views Mr. Finley is a republican and keeps well informed 
 on the questions and issues of the day. He has served as school director for a 
 number of years and the cause of education finds in him an ardent champion 
 whose labors in its behalf are practical, beneficial and far reaching. His religious 
 faith is indicated by his membership in the Congregational church of Oneida. 
 He occupies a prominent position in agricultural and social circles and has aided 
 materially in the upbuilding and advancement of the county, being widely rec- 
 ognized as a public-spirited citizen. ^ : 
 
 :/-;:-:/ :/ :,; - , v:^ FRED O. McFARLAND. . ':^^^:' 
 
 Fred O. McFarland, a practitioner of the Galesburg bar, a member of what 
 
 is one of the leading law firms of the city under the name of Williams, Lawrence, 
 '; Welsh & Green, was bom in Mendon, Adams county, Illinois, June 6, 1875, 
 
 His father, Adam McFarland, was also a native of this state and was a son of 
 
 John McFarland, who was born near Clearland, Ohio, but became one of the 
 y; early residents of Adams county, Illinois. He died when seventy-five years of 
 , age. The children of his first marriage were David, Thomas, Elizabeth, Jose- 
 phine and Mary J. After losing his first wife he married Catharine Taylor, a 
 
 '; native of Kentucky, and unto this union there were born five children, William, 
 Adam, Sarah, Martha and Olive. 
 
 Adam McFarland was reared in Adams county, Illinois, and in early life 
 ' learned the carpenter's trade, which he followed until his death, in 1882. He 
 '. married Deborah Ely, a native of this state and a daughter of Ralph and Per- 
 
 melia Ely. Her father was a native of Ohio and became one of the pioneer set- 
 { tiers of Adams county, Illinois, where both he and his wife died when well 
 ': advanced in years. Their family numbered five children, Jared, Phoebe, Emma, 
 
 .'- Deborah and Lewis. Deborah became the wife of Adam McFarland and unto 
 
 : . them were born five children, of whom four reached years of maturity : Fred 
 ^ O. ; Herman, who died in the Spanish- American war; Ralph; and Floyd, who is 
 living in Norman, Oklahoma. 
 
 Fred O. McFarland spent his youthful days in the usual manner of lads of 
 
 V the locality and period, dividing his time between the duties of the schoolroom and 
 
 . -. the pleasures of the playground, and when about twelve years old began to leam 
 
 :' the printer's trade which he followed during school and college vacations for a 
 
 number of years. He completed the high-school course in 1892 and following his 
 
 graduation entered Knox College in the fall of 1893. He is numbered among 
 
 its alumni of the class of 1898 and in the fall of that year he removed to Knox> 
 
 ville, Illinois, where he became editor of the Knox County News, continuing 
 
 with this publication until the ist of August, 1899. He regarded his newspaper 
 
 career, however, merely as an initial step and help toward professional life, for 
 
 in the fall of the latter year he matriculated in the law department of the Iowa 
 
 University, in which he spent one year. He then came to Galesburg and was 
 
 . a student in the office of Williams, Lawrence & Welsh, prominent attorneys. 
 
 At the same time he provided for his own support by working on the Galesburg 
 
 Evening Mail and the Republican Register and later he entered the circuit 
 
 VoL 
 
584 HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY 
 
 clerk's office in the position of deputy in September, 1902, and so continued for 
 seven years, his service being entirely acceptable in this connection. It was during 
 that period that, in 1906, he took the bar examination and was admitted to prac- 
 tice in the month of June. However, he continued in the circuit clerk's office 
 until December, 1909, when he entered the office of Williams, Lawrence, Welsh 
 & Green as a member of the firm. 
 
 On the i6th of December, 1903, Mr. McFarland was married to Miss Edith 
 Simpson, a native of Knoxville and a daughter of James S. and Mary (McGowan) 
 Simpson. Her paternal grandfather, William Simpson, was a native of Penn- 
 sylvania and an early settler of Knoxville, Illinois, where he operated a mill for 
 many years. He married Susan Gallagher and to them were born three chil- 
 dren, James S., Jane and Nancy. The maternal grandfather was William Mc- 
 Gowan and he, too, was an early resident of Knoxville and a prominent citizen 
 there in pioneer times. Unto him and his wife were born twelve children, of 
 whom eight reached maturity, Henry, Curtis, Mary, Harry, Charles, Frank, Car- 
 rie and Belle. James S. Simpson was a native of Westmoreland county, Penn- 
 sylvania, and his wife was bom and reared in Knoxville, Illinois. Mr. Simpson 
 died August ii, 1911. They became parents of two sons and a daughter, Irvin, 
 Edith and Harry. Unto Mr. and Mrs. McFarland has been born but one child, 
 Maxine. Mr. McFarland holds membership in the Congregational church and 
 his wife in the Presbyterian church. He has voted with the republican party 
 since age conferred upon him the right of franchise and is somewhat prominent 
 in its local ranks. He is a member of the county central committee and is serving 
 now as a member of the city council, having been elected from the sixth ward in 
 1909 and reelected in 1911, thus receiving indorsement of his first term. He 
 is deeply interested in all matters pertaining to the city's welfare and improve- 
 ment and in the questions which come before the council for settlement he seeks 
 ever to support those plans and projects which eliminate useless expenditure and 
 misrule in public affairs and promote the general good. ': - . 
 
 .>;V^ V GEORGE PATTY. ;;:;': t-\>;v 
 
 George Patty, a well known agriculturist of Victoria township, who has re- 
 tired from the active work of the fields but still makes his home on his farm, 
 is a native of Knox county, his birth having occurred in the township, where 
 he now lives, on the lOth of July, 1849. His parents were Josiah and Rebecca 
 (Brown) Patty, the father a native of Tennessee, where he was also reared, 
 and the mother of North Carolina. They were married in Tennessee and there 
 they passed the early years of their domestic life, coming to Knox county in 
 1837. Upon their arrival they located in Victoria township, where the father 
 successfully engaged in agricultural pursuits during the remainder of his active 
 life. He acquired extensive property interests, and at the time of his death 
 owned five hundred and twenty acres of land, three hundred and twenty of 
 which was under cultivation and the remainder in timber. Both parents passed 
 away on the homestead and were buried in Salem cemetery. The family of 
 Mr. and Mrs. Patty numbered eight, the two eldest of whom were born in 
 Tennessee and the others in this county. In order of birth they are as follows: 
 James ; William ; Sarah J. ; Nancy A. ; Obed ; Robert ; George ; and Josiah. 
 The parents originally joined the Baptist church, but after locating in Victoria 
 
-r .;/:>; ;;;;.^:v:; HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY . T f vr 585 
 
 township, Mrs. Patty united with the Methodist Episcopal church. The father 
 .^: voted the democratic ticket, but never sought office. 
 
 The entire life of George Patty has been passed in the immediate vicinity 
 ' of his present home, his education having been obtained in the Center Prairie 
 
 ' district school. When still in his early boyhood he was assigned duties about 
 
 the farm, and, as in common with other lads of the pioneer period, he had to 
 
 assume his share of the duties and responsibilities that devolved upon both 
 
 . young and old living on the frontier. By the time he had attained his maturity 
 
 ., he was a practical agriculturist, continuing to devote his entire attention to this 
 
 vocation until 1904, when he turned over the operation of his farms to his son 
 : V and son-in-law. He early manifested the energy and perseverance that have 
 
 been the salient factors in his success, so intelligently directing his undertakings 
 . . that he acquired three hundred and eighty acres of valuable land, all of which 
 . \- is under high cultivation. His holdings are located on section 14, of Victoria 
 
 township, on the east side of the north and south road. During the period of 
 
 his ownership he has erected all of the buildings now standing, including the 
 
 '''' house, which was built in 1876, and has wrought various other improvements 
 
 - consistent with the spirit of progress and enterprise he has at all times evinced. 
 
 . For his wife Mr. Patty chose Miss Rosetta Florence Cain, who was bom 
 
 ,_ ' in Stark county, Illinois, and is a daughter of Joseph and Barbara Cain. Four 
 
 . children have been born to them, as follows: Joseph Delbert, who married 
 
 V Pearl Tucker and is now residing on one of his father's farms; Roy, who chose 
 
 ' , for his wife Blanch Jarnagan, and lives in Galesburg; Stella, the wife of Fred 
 
 , Orwig, who is living on the home farm ; and Etta, who is a music teacher. 
 
 : Ever since age conferred upon him the right of franchise, Mr. Patty has 
 .: ; cast his ballot for the candidates of the democratic party. He has always taken 
 ' . an active interest in township affairs, and during his early manhood assumed 
 : his share of public office, serving with efficiency both as justice of the peace and 
 ' ; constable, having resigned from the latter office before the expiration of his 
 , term. His energies were equally divided between general farming and stock- 
 raising during the long period of his agricultural career, both occupations prov- 
 ing to be remunerative under his intelligent and capable supervision. He is now 
 . enjoying the ease and comfort afforded by the goodly income received from his 
 ; > property; the reward of the well ispent years of his early life. 
 
 _.;;:." CARL G. JOHNSON, M. D. : A: -U- ; 
 
 . A capable representative of the medical fraternity of Galesburg is Dr. Carl 
 
 ' G. Johnson, who was born in Ascarshamn, Sweden, on the 5th of January, 1865. 
 
 .' He is a son of Carl X. and Helena S. (Malstrom) Johnson, who were natives 
 
 ; of the same locality, the father's birth occurring on March 15, 1842, and that 
 
 ::: of the mother on Christmas day, 1841. In his early youth the father followed 
 
 ; ;.' the sea, but later he turned his attention to agricultural pursuits. Chafing under 
 
 ; the limitations of his native land and its meager opportunities, he, in 1869, to- 
 
 ,-: gether with his family, emigrated to the United States. He came directly to 
 
 . ' Galesburg and for a short time was employed in a lumberyard here, subse- 
 
 ; quently taking a position as boiler maker with the Frost Manufacturing Com- 
 
 .: pany. He was an efficient employe, thoroughly reliable and trustworthy as well 
 
86 _ HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY 
 
 as thrifty and enterprising, and about 1882 he purchased stock in the company, 
 and later was made foreman of his department. In 1894 he withdrew from 
 active work, having acquired a competence that provided him and his wife with 
 all of the comforts and many of the luxuries of life, and has ever since lived 
 retired. Mr. and Mrs. Johnson were married in Ascarshamn, Sweden, in the 
 fall of 1863, and to them were born three children, of whom our subject is the 
 eldest. The second member of the family, Selma S., the wife of Nathan Hoog- 
 ner, lives in Minneapolis, and Hulda A., the youngest, is deceased. The parents 
 are members of the Swedish Lutheran church, in the faith of which they reared 
 their family, always taking an active interest in the work of the various depart- 
 ments of this organization, Mr. Johnson having for many years been one of 
 the deacons. He gives his political support to the men and measures of the 
 republican party, but has never been an office seeker. 
 
 As he was only a lad of four and a half years when he came to Galesburg 
 with his parents. Dr. Johnson has passed practically his entire life in this city. 
 He acquired his preliminary education in the common and high schools of the 
 city and then entered Augustana College at -Rock Island, graduating from the 
 scientific department with the class of 1889. Having decided to adopt the 
 medical profession for his life vocation, the following autumn he matriculated 
 in the Long Island College Hospital, of Brooklyn, New York, being awarded 
 the degree of M. D. with the class of 1892. In order to better qualify himself 
 for the duties of a general practitioner, immediately following his graduation 
 he became an interne in the Eastern District Hospital, being identified with this 
 institution from June to September. Resigning his position in the latter month, 
 he went to Minneapolis and entered the City Hospital in the same capacity. He 
 remained there until June, 1895, when he came to Galesburg, where he was 
 associated with Dr. Wilson until November, 1896. His various experiences had 
 brought him to a full recognition of his deficiencies and needs and he subse- 
 quently went abroad, spending four months in post-graduate work in the hos- 
 pitals of London, Berlin and Braunschweig. Upon his return to Galesburg he 
 established an office and has ever since been engaged in general practice. In 
 addition to an excellent equipment for the profession. Dr. Johnson is by nature 
 well qualified for the varied and exacting duties of a physician. He possesses 
 a kindly sympathetic nature, an abundance of vitality and the ease and assurance 
 as well as the perception that inspires confidence in him and the school he repre- 
 sents. During the period of his connection with the medical profession of Knox 
 county, he has had ample opportunity to manifest his skill both as a physician 
 and surgeon. In his diagnosis he is seldom if ever at fault, while he possesses 
 the acute mental faculties, delicate yet firm touch and deft hand so essential in 
 the operating room. His abilities have received their full recognition, and he is 
 enjoying a large and lucrative practice. He was a member of the Galesburg 
 City Hospital board for fourteen years, during four of which he was chief of 
 the staff and for the past seven years he has been a member of the staff of 
 Augustana Hospital in Chicago. 
 
 On the 5th of August, 1896, Dr. Johnson was united in marriage to Miss 
 Hannah Larson, a daughter of Paul and Hannah Larson, of Moline, Illinois, 
 and they have two children: Helena Katharine, whose birth occurred in Gales- 
 burg, on the 3d of October, 1900; and Fritiof Paul, bom in Chicago, February 
 8, 1909- , .... . . ... 
 
V.;v;A: - ; : 5^ HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY : ^ V ' 587 
 
 For the past seven years, Dr. Johnson has been a trustee of the Swedish 
 Lutheran church, in which both he and Mrs. Johnson hold membership. Fra- 
 ternally he is a member of the Independent Order of Odd Fellows and he also 
 belongs to the Galesburg Club, while he maintains relations with the members 
 of his profession, through his connection with the City and Knox County Medi- 
 cal Societies and the Illinois State and American Medical Associations. His 
 political allegiance is given to the republican party and he takes aft active interest 
 in all municipal questions, and during the years of 1904-5 represented the 
 second precinct of the second ward as alderman, while he filled the office of 
 health commissioner of the city during 1906 and 1907 to the general satisfaction 
 of the constituency. Dr. Johnson is a man who takes a deep interest in all 
 matters pertaining to the community and its welfare, and cooperates in every 
 progressive movement. Educational matters in particular engage his attention 
 and for twelve years he was a member of Augustana College board of trustees. 
 Efficiency is one of the most striking of Dr. Johnson's characteristics, and is 
 especially marked in his conscientious devotion to the interests of his patients 
 and his loyalty to every trust reposed in him. ' - : ; , ' : 
 
 ^ : -^ ^ /;V JOSEPH G. REED. 
 
 Joseph G. Reed owns and controls one hundred and sixty acres of rich and 
 valuable land on section i, Victoria township, where he makes a specialty of 
 raising thoroughbred Hereford cattle, on which he has won several prizes. He 
 was born in Henry county, Illinois, November 27, 1860, the son of George and 
 Jane (Cockburn) Reed, both of whom were natives of England and were 
 married in that country. The parents on coming to the United States, located 
 in Henry county and after several years removed to Knox county, residing first 
 in Victoria township and later in Lynn township, where the father still resides, 
 at the venerable age of ninety-one years. The mother passed away at the age 
 of eighty-one and is buried in Lynn township. She was a member of the Bap- 
 tist church and her husband belongs to the Christian church, although in their 
 native country both were natives of the Church of England. The father even 
 at his advanced age has a remarkable memory. He is a stanch republican and 
 has been a very active politician in his time. Fraternally he is associated with 
 the Masonic lodge. In their family were ten children, namely: Annie, Mary 
 and John, who were born in England; Gabriel and Mary, whose birth and 
 demise occurred in that country ; and George, Joseph, Emma and two who are 
 deceased, William and an infant girl all of whom were born in Henry county, 
 Illinois. 
 
 Joseph G. Reed was three years old when his parents removed to Victoria 
 township, where he was reared and received his education. On reaching man's 
 estate he was employed for some time on a farm in Victoria township, after 
 which he engaged in farming for two years in Lynn township. Subsequently 
 returning to Victoria township, he rented land for a few years and, in 1895, 
 purchased of Lafe Kennedy his present farm, on which he has made all of the 
 improvements and erected all of the buildings. He engages to some extent in 
 
588 HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY 
 
 general farming but does not attempt to raise more g^ain than is needed to 
 feed his Hereford cattle, of which he has yearly about thirty head. Besides his 
 fanning interests Mr. Reed owns stock in the Farmers' Mutual Telephone Com- 
 pany and is vice president and director of the La Fayette Fair Association. 
 
 Mr. Reed was united in marriage to Miss Jessie I. Grant, a native of Lynn 
 township and a daughter of H. P. and Lucy (Norton) Grant, the father bom 
 in Peoria county, Illinois, and the mother in the state of Connecticut. The 
 parents were married in Stark county and lived in Lynn township until the 
 time of the retirement of. the father who first removed to Galva, Illinois, and 
 later to La Fayette, where he now resides, making his home with his daughter. 
 The mother died at the age of seventy-one years and is buried in La Fayette. 
 The father followed the occupation of farming and in connection was an auctioneer 
 and also served as assessor and later as supervisor of Lynn township, being 
 elected on the republican ticket. They were the parents of seven children: 
 Ellen, the wife of John Reed, of Galesburg township ; Arthur, who resides in 
 Stark county, Illinois ; Jessie I., now Mrs. Joseph G. Reed ; Fred, who re^des 
 in Victoria township; Maude, of Galesburg; N. B., of Stark county; and Harold, 
 of Victoria township. Mr. and Mrs. Reed have become the parents of two 
 sons : Walter A., who was born in Lynn township and lives at home ; and 
 Roy W., who was born in Victoria township and died there at the age of eight 
 years. He is buried in the Galva cemetery. Mr. Reed in political allegiance 
 is indei>endent and fraternally he is identified with the Masonic order and is 
 master of the lodge. Both he and his wife are members of the Christian church 
 at La Fayette and all their acquaintances entertain for them the highest regard. 
 
 ^^",c-; CHARLES C. CRAIG. -;;;-<', 
 
 Charles C. Craig, lawyer, was bom in Knoxville, this county, on the i6th of 
 June, 1865, his parents being Alfred M. and Elizabeth P. (Harvey) Craig. 
 
 Mr. Craig began his education in the public schools and afterward attended 
 Knox College, Notre Dame University and the United States Naval Academy. 
 He was a student in the law office of Stevenson & Ewing, of Bloomington and 
 also attended the Wesleyan Law School. Following his admission to the bar, in 
 1888, he began practice and for twenty-three years has been an active representa- 
 tive of the legal profession in Galesburg. He has been in general practice and 
 the success which he has attained is due to his own efforts and merits. He has 
 been counsel in many important cases tried in Knox and adjoining counties and 
 has enjoyed a large practice before the courts of this state and in other states. In- 
 addition to his law practice Mr. Craig is interested in farming and is identified 
 with various business interests in this cty. He has been a director of the Bank 
 of Galesburg and also its attorney for several years and is now president of that 
 bank. Mr. Craig is a democrat and has taken an active interest in politics until 
 his increasing law practice and business interests demanded his entire time. He 
 was elected a member of the forty-first and forty-second general assembly, was 
 chairman of the committee on agriculture of the Illinois commission at the Loui- 
 siana Purchase Exposition at St. Louis ; was nominated as the candidate of his 
 
C. C. CRAIG 
 
588 HISTORY OF KXOX COUNTY ; : 
 
 general farming but does not attempt to raise more grain than is needed to 
 feed his Hereford cattle, of which he has yearly about thirty head. Besides his 
 farming interests Mr. Reed owns stock in the Farmers' Mutual Telephone Com- 
 pany and is vice president and director of the La Fayette Fair Association. 
 
 Mr. Reed was united in marriage to Miss Jessie I. Grant, a native of Lynn 
 township and a daughter of H. P. and Lucy (Xorton) Grant, the father born 
 in Peoria county, Illinois, and the mother in the state of Connecticut. The 
 parents were married in Stark county and lived in Lynn township until the 
 time of the retirement of the father who first removed to Galva. Illinois, and 
 later to La Fayette. where he now resides, making his home with his daughter. 
 The mother died at the age of seventy -one years and is buried in La Fayette. 
 The father followeil the occupation of farming and in connection was an auctioneer 
 and also served as assessor and later as supervisor of Lynn township, being 
 elected on the republican ticket. They were the parents of seven children : 
 Ellen, the wife of John Reed, of Galesburg township: Arthur, who resides in 
 Stark county. Illinois : Jessie I., now Mrs. Joseph G. Reed : Fred, who res'ides 
 in Victoria township: Claude, of Galesburg: X. B.. of Stark county: and Harold, 
 of Victoria township. ^Mr. and Mrs. Reed have become the parents of two 
 sons : Walter A., who was born in Lynn township and lives at home : and 
 Roy W.. who was born in Victoria township and died there at the age of eight 
 years. He is buried in the Galva cemetery. Mr. Reed in political allegiance 
 is independent and fraternally he is identified with the Masonic order and is 
 master of the lodge. Both he and his wife are members of the Christian church 
 at La Fayette and all their acquaintances entertain for them the highest regard. 
 
 CHARLES C CRAIG. 
 
 Charles C. Craig, lawyer, was lx>m in Knoxvillc. this county, on the i6th of 
 June. 1865. his parent^ being Alfred M. and Elizabeth P. (Harvey) Craig. 
 
 Mr. Craig began lii> education in the pul)lic schools and afterward attended 
 Knox College. Xotre Dame L'niversity and the L'nitetl States Xaval Academy. 
 He was a student in the law oflfice of Stevenson & Ewing, of Bloomington and 
 also attended the \\'esleyan Law School, l-'ollowing his admission to the bar. in 
 1888, he began practice and for twenty-three years has been an active representa- 
 tive of the legal jirofession in Galesburg. He has been in general practice and 
 the success which he has attained is due to his own efforts and merits. He has 
 been counsel in many im])ortant cases tried in Knox and adjoining counties and 
 has enjoyed a large ])ractice before the courts of this state and in other states. In- 
 addition to his law practice Mr. Craig is interested in farming and is identified 
 with various business interests in this cty. He has been a director of the Bank 
 of Galesburg and also its attorney for several years and is now president of that 
 bank. Mr. Craig is a democrat and has taken an active interest in politics until 
 his increasing law jjractice and business interests demanded his entire time. He 
 was elected a member of the forty-first and forty-second general assembly, was 
 chairman of the committee on agriculture of the Illinois commission at the Loui- 
 siana Purchase Exposition at St. Louis : was nominated as the candidate of his 
 
r. r. CRAK; 
 
^ <; HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY "x : 691 
 
 party for judge of the supreme court, in 1909, and only defeated by a small ma- 
 jority. He also has an interesting military chapter in his life history, having for 
 several years served as captain of Battery B, of the First Artillery, Illinois Na- 
 tional Guard, while at the present writing he is lieutenant colonel and ordinance 
 officer, on the staff of General Kittleson, of the Third Brigade and is instructor 
 and supen'isor of rifle practice of the various companies in the Northwest part 
 of the state. 
 
 On the 1 5th of July, 1893, Mr. Craig was married to Miss Louise Dary, a 
 daughter of Eugene and Sidonia (Benedict) Dary, of New Orleans. Her father 
 was a merchant of that city and Memphis. Both he and his wife are now de- 
 ceased. Their daughter, Mrs. Craig, has been continuously a resident of Gales- 
 burg since her marriage. Both he and Mrs. Craig are well known socially in 
 this city and throughout the state. Colonial Craig is a member of the Galesburg 
 Club, the Elks and several other societies, while in Masonry he has attained 
 high rank, holding membership in Galesburg Commandery, Knights Templar and 
 in the Mystic Shrine. His interests are wide and varied and his influence is 
 found on the side of progress and improvement. He has always been popular 
 with his business associates. 
 
 :::-l':-/-.,y-;.-.^^-^^^^ BULSON. -- ^r ' . 're-'''-^ 
 
 Ira Bulson, one of the well known native sons of Victoria township as well 
 as one of the highly successful and capable agriculturists, was born on the farm, 
 where he now resides, on the 7th of October, 1863. His father, Frederick Bul- 
 son, one of the pioneer settlers of Knox county, was bom and reared in Otsego 
 county. New York. At an age between twenty-one and twenty-two years he 
 left his native state and came west, locating in Knox county. Here he met and 
 married Miss Mary Heinline, who was a native of Kentucky, subsequently locat- 
 ing on the farm now owned and operated by their son Ira. Mr. Bulson was an 
 ambitious, enterprising agriculturist and capable business man, who directed his 
 undertakings with intelligence and sagacity. He met with success ultimately, 
 although the early years were well filled with the usual obstacles and difficulties 
 that confront the pioneer. He erected practically all of the buildings now 
 standing on the place and brought the fields into a high state of productivity. 
 The family of Mr. and Mrs. Bulson numbered eight, our subject being the 
 seventh in order of birth. The others are as follows : Sarah, the wife of Clin- 
 ton Bradley, of Iowa ; Hannah, the deceased wife of David Shearer ; Lizzie, 
 who married M. A. Shearer of Clay county, Nebraska ; Georg^, who died in 
 childhood; Alice, the wife, of Henry Turner of Clay county, Nebraska; Mary, 
 who is a resident of Santa Anna, California ; and Adam, who passed away at the 
 age of twenty-two years. The children were born and reared on the farm and 
 there the parents passed the latter years of their life, the mother being sixty at 
 the time of her death, while the father had attained the venerable age of eighty- 
 six when called to his final rest. They are both buried in the cemetery at Vic- 
 toria. Mr. Bulson was one of the foremost citizens of the township and took an 
 active and helpful interest in its -political affairs, giving his support to the can- 
 
592 HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY 
 
 didates of the democratic party. He discharged with efficiency the duties of 
 pathmaster and at one time he was also a member of the board of school 
 directors. 
 
 The entire life of Ira Bulson has been passed on the farm he now owns 
 and which is endeared to him by the memories of childhood as well as the asso- 
 ciations of his mature years. He attended the district school in the vicinity of 
 his home, and while mastering the elements of English learning assisted with the 
 work of the farm, the services of the entire family being required to perform 
 the multitudinous duties connected with its operation. When he had acquired a 
 sufficient public-school training, he gave his entire attention to agricultural pur- 
 suits, with the intention of qualifying himself to adopt this life vocation upon 
 attaining his maturity. After his marriage he brought his bride to the home of 
 his parents, later acquiring the title to the property. Since becoming the owner 
 of the farm, Mr. Bulson has remodeled and improved many of the buildings to 
 which he has also made additions. As his circumstances have warranted during 
 the passing years he has introduced various modern conveniences and appliances 
 
 ,. that have added greatly to the ccMnfort and value of the place. His operations 
 have always been conducted along the lines of general farming, but in connection 
 therewith he has also raised stock, both lines of departure having proven remu- 
 nerative under his capable direction. Success has attended the efforts of Mr. 
 Bulson and in addition to his valuable property he owns stock in the Farmers' 
 Elevator at Victoria and the Farmers' Cooperative State Bank at Galva. 
 
 Mr. Bulson has twice married, his first union being with Miss Minnie Dud- 
 ley, and they became the parents of a son and daughter, Harry and Jessie. On 
 the 2d of June, 1911, Mr. Bulson and Miss Laura Boggs were united in marriage. 
 The present Mrs. Bulson is a native of Galva and a daughter of Light and Laura 
 Boggs, residents of that place. His holdings are located in Lynn and Victor 
 townships, but he resides on section 6 of Victoria township, his house facing 
 the road that divides Copley and Victor townships. 
 
 Ever since granted the right of franchise upon attaining his majortiy, Mr. 
 Bulson has accorded his support to the men and measures of the democratic party. 
 Although he is interested in local political activities and meets the requirements 
 of good citizenship by the casting of his ballot on election day, he has never 
 aspired to office, always having preferred to give his undivided attention to the 
 development of his private affairs. Both Mr. Bulson and his family are held 
 in high esteem in the community, where the name has been held in favorable 
 regard for three generations, and the hospitality of the best homes is freely 
 accorded them. . .''%;'; 
 
 . ^ .-i.>: WILLIAM HENRY GIBBS. ' ' ; ; M^ 
 
 William Henry Gibbs, who is successfully engaged in the insurance business 
 in Galva, Illinois, was bom February 8, 1849, '" Philadelphia, his parents being 
 Joseph D. and Ann Elizabeth (Goetzinger) Gibbs, natives of Delaware county, 
 New Jersey. The father came to Knox county with his father, Martin Gibbs, 
 who located at Gibbs settlement, being at that time beside a Mr. Lafferty the only 
 
^ ^ ; :^,/ : : ; HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY ';;;::. 593 
 
 settler in Lynn township. Subsequently Joseph D. Gibbs returned home, going 
 by boat as far as Pennsylvania and working his way overland through that 
 state. The grandmother, Hannah Beck, died in Illinois, in 1849. Joseph Daven- 
 port Gibbs passed away in 1891. 
 
 After spending a few years in the common schools and attending Galva high 
 school for two years and Coles Business College in Peoria, Illinois, William 
 H. Gibbs assisted his father on the home farm until he was twenty-four years 
 of age. At that time he was married and removed to the property which is now 
 the Goff farm and where he remained fifteen years previous to coming to Galva, 
 in 1890. Upon his arrival in this town he engaged in the insurance business, 
 which he is still conducting in connection with the real-estate business. 
 
 Mr. Gibbs was married to Miss Harriett Westerdale, who is a native of Lon- 
 don, England, having been born there in 1855. Her parents, William and Sophia 
 (Bampton) Westerdale, formerly of London, came to Copley township in 1849 
 and engaged in agricultural pursuits, which they followed for many years. In 
 the meantime Mr. Westerdale returned for a short visit to England and upon the 
 conclusion of this he returned to Copley township, where he again took up his 
 residence. His death occurred there in 1897, at the age of eighty-eight years. 
 Mrs. Westerdale was a daughter of James and Henrietta Bampton, also natives 
 of England, where the grandfather, William Westerdale, Sr., enlisted for active 
 service in the Crimean war. He was a florist in London, and came to America 
 with his family by way of Canada and settled near Peoria. Illinois. 
 
 Mr. and Mrs. Gibbs have become the parents of three children. Eva H., the 
 eldest, is the wife of James S. Richmond, of St. Charles, Illinois. After grad- 
 uating from Knox College she served as principal of the high school for six 
 years. Jessie Bruce is teaching vocal music in Clinton, Illinois. She makes her 
 home with her father. James Bampton is bookkeeper and auditor with Parlin 
 & Orendorff at Canton, Illinois. 
 
 In politics Mr. Gibbs casts his vote independent of any party, voting for the 
 man or measure which he thinks will be most effective in carrying out the policies 
 which will promote civic welfare. He was town clerk for seven years, having been 
 elected on the people's ticket. He holds membership in the Methodist church 
 of Galva and is a member of the Mystic Workers. Mrs. Gibbs is a prominent 
 worker for the temperance cause in her district and has served as president of 
 the Galva Women's Christian Temperance Union for four years. Both Mr. and 
 Mrs. Gibbs have won for themselves the respect and esteem of all who know 
 them and the circle of their friends is almost coextensive with the circle of their 
 acquaintances. : ' 
 
 y . - ; ' AUGUSTUS LUDING APPELL. ;^-^ ' .V;;:-. 
 
 Augustus L. Appell, who has been a resident of Lynn township since his 
 birth on the Appell homestead, on the 23d of August, 1877, is a son of Charles 
 L. and Sophia (Anderson) Appell. To the parents, whose births occurred on 
 June II, 1837. and in April, 1849, respectively, eleven children were born, namely: 
 Lydia, who is the wife of Rev. G. A. Brandell of Denver, Colorado; the Rev. 
 
594 HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY 1;'. 
 
 Alfred Appell, who is residing in Pittsburg; Hannah, who is married to Gust 
 Liljaroot, of Lynn township, Knox county; Carl J., who is an attorney in Chi- 
 cago ; Amanda, who is the wife of Otto Johnson, of Henry county, Illinois ; 
 Augustus L., the subject of this review; Edward J., who is a resident of Lynn 
 township; Alfrida and Ferdinand L., both of whom are residing at home; Mar- 
 tin, who is living at home ; and Edith, who is also residing at home. 
 
 Augustus L. Appell spent his boyhood and youth in the manner common to 
 the average boy living on the farm. He attended the district school for a few 
 years and at the same time assisted his father with the duties which daily came 
 to hand on the farm. Later he devoted his entire time and efforts to agricul- 
 tural pursuits in which his father was engaged, there learning to work along 
 lines of profitable and practical methods. Subsequently he worked out as a 
 farm hand until he was thirty years of age, when he began farming independently 
 on a part of the home property, where he is now successfully engaged in gen- 
 eral farming and stock-raising. During the five years of his management this 
 property has been brought under a greater productivity than it ever before showed, 
 and the energy, hard labor and attention to details which Mr. Appell is display- 
 ing will in future years bring him increasing returns. 
 
 On September 25th, 1907, Mr. Appell was married to Miss Esther Alfrida 
 Nelson, whose birth occurred on the 22d of June, 1886, in Henry county, and 
 who is a daughter of Bert L. and Anna (Westman) Nelson. The parents are 
 fifty-five and forty-five years of age respectively and are residing in Galva. Illi- 
 nois. They became the parents of four children, namely, Ambrose L., who is a 
 resident of Henry county ; Mrs. Augustus L. Appell ; and Dora Norena and Edna, 
 both of whom are living at home. .: . . .- :;;.; | . 
 
 Although Mr. Appell is very active in political circles and gives his support 
 to the republican party, he neither seeks nor desires office excepting, where he 
 can assist in promoting local welfare. At present he is serving his second term 
 as justice of the peace. In religious faith he is a Lutheran, holding member- 
 ship in the Lutheran church of Galva. In his community he enjoys the respect 
 and esteem of all who know him. accorded him because of the fidelity and 
 integrity, which characterize all his undertakings and relations. 
 
 JOHN LOCKLIN. ;V :: ,^- >^ 
 
 John Locklin, a native and lifelong resident of Rio township, was born Jan- 
 uary 1 6, 1865, his parents, Henry and Bridget (Welch) Locklin, both being 
 natives of Dublin, Ireland. The father left his native country in the '5Os and 
 after arriving in America, resided in New York state for one year before coming 
 to Knox county and settling at Galesburg, where he engaged in farming. From 
 that time until his death in Henry county, in 1902. at the age of sixty-seven years, 
 he was an agriculturist. His farm comprises six hundred and forty acres and 
 had been well cultivated for successful general farming. Mrs. Locklin, who is 
 seventy-three years of age, is still a resident of Knox county. 
 
 John Locklin received his education in, the common schools and the remainder 
 of his life has been spent in agricultural pursuits. Until he was twenty-nine years 
 
JOHN LOCKLIX 
 
594 HISTORY OF KXOX COUNTY ; 
 
 Alfrctl Appcll. \vho is residing in Pittsburg; Hannah, who is married to Gust 
 Liljaroot, of Lynn township. Knox comity; Carl |.. who is an attorney in Chi- 
 cago; Amanda, who is the wife of Otto Johnson, of Henry county, Illinois; 
 Auj,'ustns 1,., the subject of this review; Kdward J., who is a resident of Lynn 
 townshi]); Alfrida and l-'enhnand I... both of whom are residing at home; Mar- 
 tin, who is living at home; and I'.dith. who is also residing at home.] , -' 
 
 Augustus L. Api)ell sjjcnt his boyhood and youth in the manner common to 
 tlic average boy living on the farm. He attended the district scliool for a few 
 years and at the same time assisted his father with the duties which daily came 
 to hand on the farm. Later he devoted his entire time and efforts to agricul- 
 tural purstiits in which his father was engaged, there learning to work along 
 lines of i)rotital)le and practical methods. Sttbse(|uently he worked out as a 
 farm hand until he was tliirty years of age, when he began fanning independently 
 on a ])art of the home ])ro])erty. where he is now successfully engaged in gen- 
 eral farming and stock-raising. During the five years of his management this 
 property has been brotight under a greater i)rodttctivity than it ever before showed, 
 and the energy, hard labor and attention to details which Mr. Appell is display- 
 ing will in future years bring him increasing returns. 
 
 On .*>eptember 25th, 1907. Mr. .\i)pell was married to Miss Ksther .Mfrida 
 Xelson, whose birth occurred on the 22d of Jtme. 1886, in Henry county, and 
 who is a daughter of Uert L. and Anna (\\'estman) Xelson. The parents are 
 I'lfty-live and forty-live years of age respectively and are residing in (Jalva, Illi- 
 nois. They became the ])arents of fotir children, namely, .\mbrose L., who is a 
 resident of Henry county; Mrs. .Augustus L. Aiipell ; and Dora Xorena and I'.dna. 
 both of whom are living at home. 
 
 .\ltliough .Mr. Appell is very active in i)olitical circles and gives his support 
 to the re])ublican party, he neither seeks nor desires office exce])ting, where he 
 can assist in ])ronioting local welfare. .\t present he is serving his second term 
 as justice of the iieace. In religious faith he is a Lutheran, holding member- 
 shi]) in the Lutheran church of ( lalva. In his community he enjoys the res])ect 
 and esteem of all who know him. accorded him because of the fidelity and 
 integrity, which chararteri/t- all his undertakings and relations. 
 
 ; ;; : JOHX LOCKLIX. v- . 
 
 John l.ocklin, a native and lifelong resident of Rio townshij), was born Jan- 
 uary if), iW>5, his jiarents, Henry and I'.ridget (Welch) Locklin, both being 
 natives of Dublin, Ireland. The father left his native country in the '5os and 
 after arriving in America, resided in Xew \or\< state for one year before coming 
 to Knox county and settling at ( ialesburg, where he engaged in farming. From 
 that time until his death in I lenry county, in 1902. at the age of sixty-seven years, 
 he was an agriculturist. His farm comprises six hundred and forty acres and 
 had been well cultivated for successful general farming. Mrs. Locklin, who is 
 seventy-three years of age, is still a resident of Knox county. 
 
 John Locklin received his education in the common schools and the remainder 
 of his life has been spent in agricultural ptirsuits. Until he was twenty-nine years 
 
101 IN 1,(H KLIN" 
 
HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY 687 
 
 of age he resided on his father's farm and assisted in its cultivation, here learn- 
 ing the methods which have brought his own farm to its high state of product- 
 ively. He made his independent start on the property of three hundred and 
 twenty acres which is still his home. Besides carrying on general farming he 
 also raises cattle and hogs for market purposes. 
 
 , On January 25, 1894, Mr. Locklin was married to Miss Ella Torticill, the 
 daughter of James and Mary Torticill, who reside on their farm in Sparta town- 
 ship. To Mr. and Mrs. Locklin was bom a son, Bernard. On the death of his 
 first wife Mr. Locklin married Catherine Butler, and to them have been bom 
 three children, namely: Eilene; Lucile; and Alice. 
 
 In politics Mr. Locklin gives his support to the democratic party, of whose 
 principles he is a loyal supporter, and in religious faith he is a member of the 
 Roman Catholic church. By devoting practically his whole attenticm to his chosen 
 pursuit not only has he proven his worth and ability but he has also shown that 
 the successful agriculturist is the one who possesses energy and power for in- 
 defatigable labor. 
 
 A highly prosperous agriculturist, who has acquired extensive property inter- ' 
 ests in Rio township is J. H. Junk, whose realty holdings in Knox county aggre- ' 
 gate twelve hundred acres. He is the second in order of birth of the four children 
 in the family of Samuel and Anna (Henderson) Junk, his natal day being the 
 3Oth of January, i86i. The parents were both natives of Pennsylvania and there 
 they were also reared and educated. Samuel Junk, although a carpenter by trade, 
 engaged in farming during practically the entire period of his active life. He 
 came to Knox county with his brother John, now a resident of Henderson, during 
 the pioneer period. In 1867, he removed from Henderson to Rio township, where 
 he bought a farm for ten dollars per acre, to the further cultivation of which he 
 devoted his energies for many years. He subsequently retired from the work of 
 the fields and he and the mother removed to Rio, where they lived the remainder 
 of their lives. He passed away on the 8th of August, 1908, at the age of seventy- 
 three, and the mother, who was a daughter of Thomas and Hannah (Ehinlap) 
 Henderson, died on the 24th of February, 1903. 
 
 After he had completed his studies in the district schools, J. H- Junk attended 
 Knox College for a time and he also pursued a commercial course, thus better 
 qualifying himself for practical business duties. In common with other lads 
 who are reared in the country, he was early assigned duties about the barn and 
 fields and by the time he had attained his maturity he had a thorough knowledge 
 of the practical methods of agriculture. After completing his education he re- 
 turned to the home farm, and has ever since engaged in agricultural pursuits 
 with the exception of two years when he was in the hardware and also the real- 
 estate business, in Galesburg. He is a practical man possessed of foresight and 
 sound judgment, and has so intelligently directed his undertakings that he has 
 prospered. In 1903 he purchased the place, where he now lives containing three 
 hundred and sixty acres of land. It is in a high state of productivity and equipped 
 
598 HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY ' .?^ :A 
 
 with good modern improvements and, an Mr. Junk takes great pride in his home- ' 
 stead, he devotes much time to keeping up its appearance. Here he engages in 
 general farming and stock-raising and under his capable and intelligent direction 
 both are proving to be very remunerative. He annually reaps abundant harvests 
 from his fields, the quality of which is fully commensurate with the quantity and 
 he keeps a good grade of stock. Everything about his place manifests a careful 
 regard for details and thrift, as well as the spirit of progress that characterizes 
 the successful modern ag^culturist. 
 
 At Hennepin, Illinois, on the 2ist of September, 1887, Mr. Junk was united 
 in marriage to Miss Leota N. Corson, a daughter of William and Harriet (Shinn) 
 Corson. The father was a native of Northumberland, Pennsylvania, and the 
 mother was bom and reared in Virginia. William Corson, who was a farmer, 
 first located in Henry county, Illinois, but later went to Putnam county, whence 
 he removed, in 1891, to Knox, and he and his wife went to Rio, where he lived 
 retired until his death in 1910. The mother passed away in 1907. Three chil- 
 dren have been born to Mr. and Mrs. Junk, as follows : Albertus and William, 
 both of whom are attending high school ; and La Vonne, who is studying in the 
 Knox Conservatory of Music. 
 
 Ever since age conferred upon him the right of franchise, Mr. Junk has 
 given his political support to the men and measures of the democratic party and 
 he takes an active interest in all public questions pertaining to the progress and 
 welfare of the community. Mr. Junk is one of the enterprising and successful 
 residents of Rio township, where he is held in high esteem by reason of his many 
 fine personal qualities asi well as his business sagacity. ' .'-'-: . ' -^r ' 
 
 ....I,, :-;;^::'::- ' _ NED S. STUCKEY. v :-Y'^'-v. '1; :'-' 
 
 Ned S. Stuckey, a resident farmer of Walnut Grove township, was bom July 
 22, 1877, on his present home place, and is a son of Richard C. and Mary (Tim- -I 
 mens) Stuckey. His paterna! ancestors came from Germany to America at 
 an early period in the development of this country. The grandfather, Charles 
 Stuckey, married Rebecca Silvers and devoted his life to farming in Pennsyl- ,' 
 vania. He died in 1872 at the age of seventy-two years. His son, Richard C. ' : i 
 Stuckey, was born in Bedford county, Pennsylvania, March 12, 1833, and came ' 
 to Knox county in May, 1853, locating on what has since been known as the <. 
 old homestead farm. There he continued to reside until 1897, when he retired 
 and removed to Altona, where his death occurred October 8, 1910. He wedded 
 Mary Timmens, who was bom in Madison county, Ohio, February 29, 1836, a j 
 daughter of Thomas Timmens, of Carlton, Pennsylvania, who was born in 1800 ' 
 and died in 1863. In 1833 he removed to Ohio and became one of the active and .. : 
 progressive farmers of his locality and was especially prominent in the Univer- ' 
 salist church. Unto Mr. and Mrs. Richard C. Stuckey were bom nine children, ;)'; 
 but five of the number are now deceased. More extended mention of the family . 
 is made in connection with the sketch of Richard C. Stuckey on another page ' 
 of this work. 
 
V ; - a;^ HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY V ; : 599 
 
 After acquiring his education Ned S. Stuckey continued to engage in the work ; 
 of the home farm, managing the place and carrying on its cultivation along 
 progressive lines. His early training had been thorough and he has kept in touch 
 with progressive methods, so that he is thoroughly familiar with the best ways ; 
 of tilling the soil and caring for the crops. Everything about his place presents 
 a neat and thrifty appearance and indicates his careful supervision. He is not 
 afraid of work, and earnest, intelligently directed labor has been the basis of the . 
 success which has come to him. 
 
 Mr. Stuckey was united in marriage to Miss Nellie Chapman, who was born ;. 
 December 25, 1887, in Henry county, Illinois, and is a daughter of Robert and 
 Carrie (Baer) Chapman. Her father is now living at La Fayette, Illinois, where 
 he follows farming, but her mother died in 1910 at the age of forty years. Unto 
 Mr. and Mrs. Stuckey have been born two children : Mary Irene, who was born 
 October 17, 1908; and Jessie May, born September 3, 1910. Mr. Stuckey is a 
 member of the Owl Lodge of Galva. He has never been active in f>olitics, pre- . 
 ferring to concentrate his energies upon his business affairs. The occupation r 
 to which he was reared, he chose to make his life work, and in the further 
 development of his farm in Walnut Grove township he is proving himself a 
 capable and progressive business man. His entire life has been spent in this - 
 locality, where he now has a wide acquaintance, while his sterling traits of 
 character have gained for him the friendship and regard of many. 
 
 .;;:. .; : ^ ;,'::, /:;-^:;iV:::'. JOHN w. ASPLUND. .;; -':U}-'^''/' ;'':': ^ 
 
 John W. Asplund, who is an agriculturist residing on section 34, Ontario 
 township, was born in Sweden on May 4, 1850, his parents being John P. and 
 Anna (Lotta) Asplund, both of whom were natives of Sweden, the former hav- 
 ing been born there in 1819 and the latter in 1829. The father was engaged in 
 farming in his native country until he came to the United States with his family 
 in 1867 and settled in Henry county, Illinois. They located hrst in Andover, 
 where Mr. Asplund accepted employment on a near-by farm. He continued in 
 this line of work until his death, which occurred in 1893. Mrs. Asplund passed 
 away in Henry county several years later. Of their thirteen children, six came 
 to the United States and three were born in this country. 
 
 John W. Asplund, who was the second child born to his parents, received 
 a common-school education both in Sweden and in America and after he had 
 laid aside his text-books was employed by the month at farm work until he made 
 himself independent at the age of twenty-two years. Since that time he has 
 operated a farm. In 1884 he came to Knox county and after renting for twelve 
 years he purchased one hundred and forty acres, which is now highly developed 
 and well equipped for modern and intensive cultivation. In addition to general 
 farming he feeds cattle and hogs for market purposes and at one time was also 
 extensively engaged in raising sheep. 
 
 Mr. Asplund has been married three times. On the 25th of April, 1873, he 
 was married to Carrie Johnson, a daughter of Samuel Johnson, who is an agri- 
 culturist of Henry county, where he located in 1869. To this union five children 
 
600 HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY : \: - :. 
 
 were born, namely : Frank A., who is employed on a railroad in Nevada ; Wil- 
 liam W., an agriculturist of Illinois ; Peter M., deceased ; Josephine W., who is 
 married to Oscar Hagerstrom, a plumber of St. Louis ; and Amanda C., who is 
 residing in Galesburg and is the wife of G. E. Carlson, a railroad fireman and 
 to whom one child, Frances Josephine, has been born. Mrs. Asplund's death 
 occurred in August, 1882. Mr. Asplund's second union occurred in September, 
 1884, when he wedded Emma Christina, who was a daughter of Swan Johnson 
 and whose death occurred in 1895. In October of 1897 ^^^- Asplund married Clara 
 Anderson, a daughter of John August and Anna Anderson, of Burlington, Iowa. 
 To this union five children have been bom, namely : Robert, deceased ; and Irene, 
 Maria, Alma and John Wilbur. 
 
 Mr. Asplund gives his political allegiance to the republican party and in religi- 
 ous faith is a Lutheran, holding membership in the Swedish Lutheran church of 
 Wataga. His fraternal affiliations are with the Masons of Oneida. 
 
 - WILLIAM FRITZ. ';-".: 
 
 . . '"' ' -V - ' .- ' ' 
 
 William Fritz, who is now living retired in Rio, where he owns a very com- 
 fortable home, was for many years actively engaged in agricultural pursuits in 
 Knox county. His birth occurred in Milford township, Somerset county, Penn- 
 sylvania, on the 8th of February, 1834, his parents being Adam and Elizabeth 
 (Phillippi) Fritz, who were likewise natives of Somerset county. In the pater- 
 nal line he is of German extraction, the great-grandfather having been born and 
 reared in the old country, whence he emigrated to America, settling in Penn- 
 sylvania. There his son, William Fritz, the grandfather of our subject, passed 
 his entire life, devoting his energies to the operation of a large farm which he 
 owned in Somerset county. 
 
 The boyhood and youth of William Fritz were passed in a community, where 
 his family had resided continuously for three generations. He was given a 
 common-school education, such time as he was not occupied with his studies 
 being passed in a manner very similar to that of other lads of the same period 
 and circumstances. After laying aside his school books, he gave his entire at- 
 tention to the work of his father's farm, where he received a good training in 
 the practical methods of agriculture. Later he worked for an uncle and a cousin, 
 both of whom were farmers, continuing to reside in his native state until he had 
 attained the age of eighteen years. In 1852 together with John B. SenneflF, a 
 brother-in-law, Mr. Fritz came west, making the entire journey from Pennsyl- 
 vania to Illinois in a wagon he had built for the purpose. Upon their arrival in 
 this state they first located in Lee county. He remained there for a year and then 
 went to Warren county, where he spent a similar period, his next removal being 
 to Mercer county. There he acquired a farm that he successfully operated until 
 1875, when he disposed of it and came to Knox county, investing his capital 
 in one hundred and thirty-seven and a half acres of land, located on the dividing 
 line between this and Mercer counties. The further development of this place 
 engaged the energies of Mr. Fritz until the 21 st of August, 1895, when he with- 
 drew from the active work of the fields and removed to the village of Rio. Here 
 
V ^^^^^^^^V^^^^^^;^^^ HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY --0 601 
 
 '; he is enjoying the ease and comfort that is the justly merited reward of his 
 
 f long years of labor and self-denial, but his life is far from being an idle one. as ' 
 he owns four acres of land that he devotes to gardening. He has always been ^ 
 too active and enterprising to retire from all work, and takes great delight in - 
 keeping up his property and takes especial pride in his garden, which is said to 
 be one of the finest in the village. 
 
 : On the 3d of August, 1858, Mr. Fritz was united in marriage to Miss Caro- -> 
 
 line C. Abell, a daughter of Simon Kingsley and Lydia (Proctor) Abell. The > 
 . father was a native of the state of New York and the mother of Vermont, but in : 
 their early youth they removed to Ohio, where they met and were subsequently 
 married. The father engaged in farming in Lake county, that state, for many , '- 
 years, removing from there to Carroll county, Illinois, in 1852. The parents 
 thereafter continued to reside in this state, passing away in Mercer county. The - 
 paternal grandfather, Asa Abell, was one of the pioneers of Ohio, removing i 
 there from New York, where he had always followed the carpenter and cabinet 
 maker's trade. Six children have been bom unto Mr. and Mrs. Fritz. Charles - 
 W., who was the eldest, died in infancy. Asa E., who owns a fine farm in Mer- ' 
 cer county, married Clara Breckenridge, of that county, and they have eight 
 children : William H. ; Lillian E. ; Raymond ; Donald, who is deceased ; John ; Ira ; ; 
 Rollo; and Charles Wesley. Ira E., a twin brother of Asa E., completed his 
 . education in the college at Shenandoah, Iowa, and is now eng^aged in the furni- 
 
 ; ture business at Galesburg. Lillian A. lives in Galesburg, where she keeps house - 
 for her brother. Fred married Eva Buffin and has two children, Blanche and 
 Charles. Carrie completed her education at Hedding College, after which she 
 taught for a time in Rio township, but is now bookkeeper for the Anderson 
 Hardware Company, at Rio. , .: . .'3 > 
 
 The religious faith of Mr. and Mrs. Fritz is manifested through their mem- 
 bership in the Methodist Episcopal church, in the faith of which they reared . 
 their family. He is a republican in politics, but does not endorse the policy of 
 this party regarding the liquor traffic, favoring the stand the prohibitionists take 
 on this particular question. While residing in the country he served as school 
 trustee and pathmaster, always taking an active interest in all township affairs. : 
 : Mr. Fritz has led an unobtrusive but efficient life, having discharged his duties '- 
 from day to day to the best of his ability, his every act guided and directed by 
 the high standards and upright principles that characterize the best type of 
 citizens. . . ..... . . 
 
 :v-^\-'\^ ^'--; ';:/'.. ^'':o> '-:-- GUST LOFGREN. ;':' '.' '^.;''":-;;':',:,^--/-:^^^ 
 
 Gust Lofgren, who resides on his farm which is situated on section 12, 
 Ontario township, was born in Kalmar, Sweden, July i, 1859. He was the 
 son of John and Anna (Bowgren) Lofgren, both of whom were natives of 
 Sweden. The father, who was engaged in farming there, died in 1859, when 
 his son Gust was only eleven weeks old. The mother resided in her native 
 country until 1883, when she came to America and spent her remaining days 
 with a son in Sparta township. She died in 1907, at the age of eighty-three 
 years. 
 
602 HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY 
 
 Gust Lx)fgren was reared and received a common-school education in his 
 native country, working on his father's farm until 1880. At that date he came 
 to America, locating in Henry county, Illinois, where he remained five years. 
 Subsequently he came to Knox county, where he purchased one hundred and 
 sixty acres of land, on which he now resides. He engages in general fanning 
 and also raises hogs and cattle quite extensively. He is very successful in the 
 financial world and owns stock in the Oneida Farmers' Elevator and also in 
 elevators in Nekoma, and is a stockholder in the bank at Galva. 
 
 On the 8th of April, 1886, Mr. Lofgren wedded Miss Almeda Peterson, a 
 daughter of Charles and Etorothea (Bloomberg) Peterson, of Henry county. 
 The father was an old settler in that county, having come there in 1854, at the 
 time of the construction of the railroad, and later engaged in farming. Both 
 he and his wife are now deceased. Mr. and Mrs. Lofgren have become the 
 parents of three children, Ella, Edward and Dora. In politics Mr. Lofgren 
 is a republican, and he has served as road supervisor. He gives much attention 
 to the interests of education and has been a member of the school board. Both 
 he and his wife are members of the Swedish Lutheran church at Altona and 
 are highly esteemed residents of the community, having won the warm regard 
 of all with whom they have come in contact. . -../. 
 
 -il^-^ , ' ' '^ ,.. JAY WELSH. ,,v ^:- ; .;'-;;:::..::" ^f: 
 
 Jay Welsh, who owns and operates one of the largest farms in Truro town- - . . ' 
 ship, was born in the township where he now resides, in i86i, and is a son of >. 
 Squire Michael Welsh. .. ^,. ., , . r..- 
 
 A descendant of one of Knox county's early pioneers. Jay Welsh is well 
 known in this vicinity, where he has passed his entire life. When old enough 
 to begin his education he entered the school of his home district, and was there 
 introduced to the elements of English learning, afterward attending school at 
 Maquon. His early schooling was subsequently supplemented by a course at 
 Lombard College, from which institution he was graduated. Having been 
 reared on a farm, when confronted with the necessity of selecting a vocation 
 after leaving college, he decided in favor of the one to which he had been 
 trained from childhood. That his decision was a wise one is manifested by the 
 success attending his efforts. His is one of the most highly cultivated and best 
 improved farms in the township. In the direction of his undertakings, Mr. 
 Welsh has as rigidly adhered to system and method as he would have followed 
 in directing either an industrial or commercial enterprise. He is practical in 
 his ideas and progressive in his methods, and his personal attention is given to 
 everything about his place. His fields annually yield abundant harvests, the 
 quality of which is fully equal to the quantity, and in connection with his gen- 
 eral farming he also raises stock of a good grade. 
 
 Mr. Welsh is a communicant of the Roman Catholic church, and his polit- 
 ical support he gives to the democratic party. He takes an active interest in 
 township affairs of a governmental nature and has discharged the duties of tax 
 collector, road commissioner and school director. The greater part of his life 
 
602 HISTORY OF KXOX COUNTY 
 
 Gust Lofgren \vas reared and received a common-school education in his 
 native country, working on his father's farm until 1880. At that date he came 
 to America, locating in Henry county, Illinois, where he remained five years. 
 Subsequently he came to Knox county, where he purchased one hundred and 
 sixty acres of land, on which he now resides. He engages in general farming 
 and also raises hogs and cattle quite extensively. He is very successful in the 
 financial world and owns stock in the Oneida Farmers' Elevator and also in 
 elevators in Xekoma. and is a stockholder in the bank at Galva. 
 
 On the 8th of April, 1886. Mr. Lofgren wedded Miss Almeda Peterson, a 
 daughter of Charles and Dorothea (Bloomberg) Peterson, of Henry county. 
 The father was an old settler in that county, having come there in 1854, at the 
 time of the construction of the railroad, and later engaged in farming. Both 
 he and his wife are now deceased. Mr. and Mrs. Lofgren have become the 
 parents of three children, Ella, Edward and Dora. In politics Mr. Lofgren 
 is a republican, and he has served as road supervisor. He gives much attention 
 to the interests of education and has been a member of the school board. Both 
 he and his wife are members of the Swedish Lutheran church at Altona and 
 are highly esteemed residents of the community, having won the warm regard 
 of all with whom they have come in contact. 
 
 JAY WELSH. - 
 
 Jay U'elsh. wlio owns and operates one of the largest farms in Truro town- 
 ship, was born in the township where he now resides, in i86i, and is a son of 
 Squire Michael Welsh. , \ 
 
 A descendant of one of Knox county's early pioneers. Jay Welsh is well 
 known in this vicinity, where he has passed his entire life, \\hen old enough 
 to begin his education he entered the school of his home district, and was there 
 introduced to the elements of English learning, afterward attending school at 
 Mac|uon. His early schooling was subsequently su])plemented by a course at 
 Lombard College, from which institution he was graduated. Having been 
 reared on a farm, when confronted with the necessity of selecting a vocation 
 after leaving college, he decided in favor of the one to which he had been 
 trained from childhood. That his decision was a wise one is manifested by the 
 success attending his efforts. His is one of the most highly cultivated and best 
 improved farms in the township. In the direction of his undertakings, Mr. 
 Welsh has as rigidly adhered to system and method as he would have followed 
 in directing either an industrial or commercial enterprise. He is practical in 
 his ideas and progressive in his methods, and his personal attention is given to 
 ever>'thing about his place. His fields annually yield abundant harvests, the 
 quality of which is fully equal to the quantity, and in connection with his gen- 
 eral farming he also raises stock of a good grade. I 
 
 Mr. Welsh is a communicant of the Roman Catholic church, and his polit- 
 ical support he gives to the democratic party. He takes an active interest in 
 township affairs of a governmental nature and has discharged the duties of tax 
 collector, road commissioner and school director. The greater part of his life 
 
^ ":v\ V '-V ;>::;: HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY 605 
 
 has been devoted to farming, although for a number of years in his early man- 
 hood he engaged in teaching. He is widely known in this immediate vicinity, 
 where he has many friends, the majority of whom have known him from, early 
 boyhood and were the comrades of his youth. :'.';.;.:..';. 
 
 ERICH LARSON. - ':^-.:>-Js-^:- '':':-. 
 
 Among the residents of Altona and the northern part of Knox county are 
 many of Swedish birth and the work which they have done in upbuilding and 
 developing this section of the county is worthy of most favorable comment and 
 consideration. Erich Larson is numbered among those whose labors have con- 
 stituted a force for progress here, and in a review of his life in all of its connec- 
 tions one is reminded of the statement of an eminent lecturer who said that 
 "Sweden is the home of the honest man." It has been this characteristic national 
 quality of integrity that has constituted an important feature in the success of 
 Mr. Larson, who for many years was identified with farming interests but is 
 now living retired. He was born at Bollnas, Sweden, June 4, 1837. His paternal 
 grandfather was Lars Larson and his father was Erich Larson, who died in 1849. 
 He was a tailor by trade and started for America with his family in 1849. While 
 en route his death occurred on Lake Michigan, being occasioned by cholera, and 
 an older brother of our subject died in Chicago. There were altogether three 
 of the family who died while en route. The others proceeded on their way to 
 Andover and afterward became residents of Victoria, Illinois, Erich Larson ac- 
 companying his mother on that trip. They secured land in Knox county and 
 engaged in farming. Mrs. Larson, who bore the maiden name of Anna Carlson 
 and was a daughter of C. Carlson, long survived her husband and died in 1887 
 at the age of eighty-eight years, three months and ten days. Unto Mr. and Mrs. 
 Erich Larson, Sr., were born seven children, of whom the following are now liv- 
 ing : Caroline, who is the widow of P. Nelson and is a resident of Galva ; Anna, 
 who is unmarried and lives in southern California ; and Erich. 
 
 The last named spent the first twelve years of his life in the land of his 
 nativity and then started with his parents for the new world. His education i 
 completed he worked on a farm, breaking the land, and when a boy of thirteen 
 years did as much work as any man in the fields. He remained with his mother 
 until he reached the age of twenty-two years and then started out independently, 
 from which time forward he was indebted entirely to his own resources and 
 his labor for the success which he achieved. After his marriage he removed to 
 Victoria, where he resided for two years, when he purchased another farm, now 
 the old home place. He afterward spent four years in Ontario township and 
 then returned to his mother's farm, on which he lived for two years. In 1875 
 he located in Walnut Grove township, where he purchased a large farm, con-: 
 tinuing thereon until 1904, when he came to Altona and retired. While actively 
 engaged in business he converted his fields into productive tracts of land from 
 which he annually gathered bountiful harvests. He used the most progressive 
 
 methods in tilling the soil and caring for his crops and annually found ready sale 
 ToL n 27 : 
 
606 HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY .;.-' 1 
 
 for his produce and stock. During the past eight years he has lived retired, 
 enjoying a rest which he has truly earned and richly deserves. 
 
 In i86i Mr. Larson was united in marriage to Miss Mary Elizabeth Pitts, 
 who was born in Henry county, Indiana, January i, 1837. Her great-grandfather 
 was a native of Ireland. Her grandparents were John and Hannah (Hall) 
 Pitts and her parents were William H. and Cynthia (Knight) Pitts. The father 
 was born in North Carolina and became a shoemaker by trade. The mother ' 
 was also a native of that state and was a daughter of Elias and Sarah (Cary) - 
 Knight, who were of English descent. It was in the year 1850 that the parents : , 
 of Mrs. Larson came to Knox county from Indiana and later, in 1852, they .' 
 removed to Iowa, where their last days were passed, the father dying in 1871 >j 
 at the age of sixty-one years, while his wife passed away in 1875 at the age of j : 
 sixty-four years. In their family were the following children: John W., who 
 starved to death in Andersonville prison during the Civil war ; William Harvey, 
 now living in Iowa, who was also a volunteer for the Union cause and was crip- < 
 pled for life ; George M., a resident of Vinton, Iowa ; Elias H., who is also located 
 in that state ; Aril Emery, of Kansas ; Mary Elizabeth, now Mrs. Larson ; Rachel - 
 L., now Mrs. Brody; and Sarah, who is living in Vinton, Iowa, and is married .^ 
 to Joseph Berry. 
 
 Unto the marriage of Mr. and Mrs. Larson were born the following named : V 
 Cynthia Ann, now deceased; George William, at home; John Henry, who was , 
 bom in 1866 and is living in Walnut Grove with his wife, who was formerly . 
 Ellen Swanson, and their four children ; and Emma Jane, who was born in ; _ 
 1869 and is the wife of E. E. Thrasher, who is living on the home farm. There - 
 are two grandchildren and one great-grandchild, Helen May Walsh, who is 
 the daughter of C. and Fay (Thrasher) Walsh. 
 
 Both Mr. and Mrs. Larson are members of the Baptist church and his politi- . 
 cal allegiance is given to the republican party but while he has always kept well -, 
 informed on the questions of the day, he has never sought nor desired office, , 
 preferring in his earlier years to concentrate his energies upon his business affairs ; 
 and so capably and successfully did he manage his farming interests that he ^; 
 gained in time a substantial competence, enabling him to live retired. He is' 
 now seventy-four years of age and receives the respect which should ever be 
 accorded one who has traveled thus far the journey of life and whose record : 
 has at all times been creditable and honorable. . . 
 
 r> CHARLES AUSTIN. : ;. : 
 
 Charles Austin is profitably engaged in general farming and stock-raising 
 in Knox, his native county, his birth having occurred on the old homestead irt 
 Walnut Grove township on the 2gtii of May, 1857. He represents a family 
 which, long established in America, came originally from England. His grand- 
 parents, James and Beulah (Jennings) Austin, were both natives of Ohio, the 
 former born in Preble county, September 5, 1798, and the latter on the 3Oth of 
 April, 1798, and both lived to a ripe old age, the father's death occurring on 
 the 28th of October, 1886, and the mother's on the 3Oth of September, 1888. 
 
HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY --v ;?'::1^ 
 
 Their son Allen, the father of our subject, was also born in Ohio, on the 
 
 of February, 1823, and in early life learned and followed the carpenter's trade. 
 
 On the 2d of March, 1854, he came to Knox county, Illinois, making the journey 
 
 ' on horseback. Subsequently he returned to Preble county, Ohio, and later again 
 came to Knox county, the second trip being made on foot. Taking up his 
 abode on a farm near Altona he there established what is now known as the 
 
 ' old Austin homestead, and there he engaged in agricultural pursuits until about 
 nine years prior to his death, when he removed to Altona and lived retired until 
 
 : called from this life on the I4th of May, 1898, when seventy-five years of age. 
 
 , He was a faithful and consistent member of the Presbyterian church and was 
 deeply interested in the public life of the community in which he resided, giving 
 stalwart support to the party of his choice although not a politician in the sense 
 
 ' of office seeking. He was twice married. On the i8th of May, 1856, he wedded 
 Miss Louisa Gehringer, who was bom on the ist of May, 1839, a daughter of 
 Levi Gehringer, who was born on the I4th of September, 1806. He married 
 Catherine Reynard, who was born March 2, 1805, and died May 15, 1889. Her 
 father, Henry Reynard, was a representative of a family that came to Knox 
 county, Illinois, in 1855, from Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania. In the family of 
 
 Mr. and Mrs. Allen Austin were seven children, of whom five still survive, as 
 follows : Charles, of this review ; Emily, at home ; Albert, a resident of Douglas, 
 Illinois; John, living in Burlington; and Harry, of California. On the 22i\ of 
 April, 1878, the wife and mother passed away and for his second wife Mr. 
 Austin chose Miss Emily Gehringer, a sister of his former wife. Unto the 
 second union of Allen Austin there were born two children: Olive, the wife 
 of William McClure, of Altona; and Ida, yet at home. The Gehringer family 
 is of German origin and its representatives were numbered among the early 
 settlers of Knox county, Illinois, whence they came from Pennsylvania at an 
 early day. They ever took a deep interest in the work of the Presbyterian church. 
 Charles Austin, whose name introduces this review, was reared amid the 
 busy activities of rural life, spending the period of his boyhood and youth on 
 his father's farm, and after securing a good education in the district schools 
 of Walnut Grove township he assisted in the cultivation of the fields until after 
 the death of his mother, which occurred when he was about twenty-one years 
 of age. He then carried on agricultural pursuits independently on the old home- 
 stead for a number of years, and in 1898 took up his abode on his present farm, 
 since which time he has concentrated his eflForts upon the further development 
 and improvement of this place. He carries on general farming and stock-raising 
 and in both lines is meeting with excellent success for his methods are practical, 
 his ideas progressive and his well directed efforts and intelligently applied labor 
 productive of good results. 
 
 On February 14, 1884, Mr. Austin was united in marriage to Miss Grace 
 McGaan, who was born October 21, 1860, a daughter of William and Agnes 
 (Andrews) McGaan, both of whom were natives of Scotland, the father's birth 
 there occurring on the ist of January, 1817, and the mother's in the year 1819 
 Mrs. Austin's grandfather, William McGaan, Sr., was born in Scotland and 
 there passed his entire life. He married a Miss Hunter. Their son William 
 came to the United States with his family in 1857 and here took up farming 
 near Altona, Illinois, following that line of activity throughout his active career. 
 
608 HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY - ' /; -'; 
 
 He is living at the old home ' farm at the remarkable age of ninety-five years. 
 
 In his family were three sons and one daughter, the brothers of Mrs. Austin V- 
 
 being: William, an attorney of Clarke, Dakota; Hugh, operating the home .'[. 
 
 farm; and James, living retired in Altona. With the passing of the years four :; ' 
 
 children were added to the household of Charles Austin and his wife, as follows: : /' 
 
 Edgar and Perry, aged respectively twenty-five and twenty-two years, at home; ... 
 
 Grace Ethel, who at the age of nineteen years is teaching school; and Charles .v- _-.,; 
 R., fourteen years of age, who is also under the parental roof. I \\- '..:.; 
 
 Reared in the faith of the Presbyterian church, Mr. Austin has long been : / 
 
 an active and helpful worker in the church of that denomination in Altona and )' . 
 
 for the past twenty years has served as elder. At the polls he gives loyal sup- ''; '''', 
 
 port to the men and measures of the republican party although he has never ;{. ' 
 
 sought nor desired public office for himself, and feels a deep interest in all .':'.'.. 
 
 matters which have to do with the welfare of the community at large. His .:,:.:.: 
 
 life, which has been an active one, has been lived to good advantage, a fact which :.v: 
 
 is attested not only by the material gain which has come to him as the reward ,^ ; 
 
 of well directed efforts in agricultural lines but also by the high place which he ,'..;' 
 occupies in the esteem, good-will and confidence of his fellowmen. 
 
 ; :,-^^< GUSTAF E. FREDRICKS. ^v^'V; : X - ' 
 
 Prominent among the farmers of this vicinity is Gustaf E. Fredricks, who 
 accompanied his parents from their old home in Sweden on their journey to 
 the new world and their new home which they established in Knox county, in 
 1857, when he was a lad five years of age. His birth occurred, October 23, 
 1852, his parents being Charles J. and Inga C. (Larson) Fredricks, natives of 
 Sweden, where the father was a laborer. On their advent in this county they 
 settled in Galesburg and lived there for two years, removing to Soperville, in 
 1859, where the father bought ninety-six acres of land and engaged in farming 
 and teaming. In 1867 he sold this place and went to Log City and farmed there 
 until 1870, then coming to Ontario township, where he bought a tract of land, 
 comprising one hundred and sixty acres, at thirteen thousand dollars, and tilled 
 the soil on this place until 1878, when he removed his family to Altona. In 
 addition to his farming he ran a threshing machine for a great many years. 
 His wife died January ii, 1892, at the age of seventy-four years, and his death 
 occurred March 9, 1899, at the age of eighty-two years and twenty-five days. 
 He was a man of means owning at the time of his death five hundred and twenty 
 acres of land. In politics he g^ave his support to the republican party and with 
 his family he worshipped in the Swedish Lutheran church of Altona. 
 
 Gustaf E. Fredricks acquired his education in the common schools and early 
 in life devoted himself to agricultural pursuits working in the fields for a wage 
 until twenty-three and a half years of age, when he rented a farm and started 
 out for himself. Later he purchased the old homestead and has developed and 
 improved this ever since, possessing a fine farm of two hundred acres of rich 
 and productive land. He is a successful farmer and finds much pleasure in his 
 daily round of labors in which he still continues since he has his son Newton 
 
';-;;./.:- HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY vy;:: 909 
 
 with him who lightens the responsibilities greatly and performs the heavier 
 duties. In addition to his farming he operated a threshing machine for thirty- 
 four years, which he ran for ten years by horse-power and during the latter 
 twenty-four by steam. He uses a Case threshing machine and was one of the 
 first in the county to buy a self-binder and a traction engine. He has provided 
 a substantial income for his family and is accounted a man of wealth, who 
 enjoys handsome financial returns, not only because he worked hard and lived 
 simply, but also because he had good judgment and knew the value of sacrificing 
 immediate enjoyment to permit him to accumulate means for future invest- 
 ments which he made wisely and with deliberation, for his own benefit and 
 contributing to the commercial upbuilding of his community. He is a stock- 
 holder in the Oneida State Bank, in the Altona Bank and in the Galesburg 
 Street Car Company. He also owns real estate of considerable value in Nebraska. 
 :; On February 26, 1876, Mr. Fredricks was united in marriage to Miss Ida 
 Matilda Walgreen, a daughter of Nelson P. and Johanna Walgreen, long since 
 deceased, who lived in the county where the father carried on agricultural pur- 
 suits. Eight children were born to Mr. and Mrs. Fredricks : Clara A., the wife 
 of C. E. Swanson, a tailor at Lewiston, Illinois, who has one daughter ; Mollie 
 C., who lives at home ; Fannie C., at home ; Jennie, who is also living under the 
 parental roof ; Emma R., at home ; Minnie H., who is a graduate of the Oneida 
 high school, of Oneida and of Brown's Business College at Galesburg; Hilda C., 
 a graduate of the Galesburg high school, who lives at Galesburg; and Qarence 
 N., who assists his father on the farm. Mrs. Fredricks died on August 5, 1905, 
 at the age of fifty-four years, her birth having occurred February 4, 1851. 
 
 Mr. Fredricks and his family belong to the Swedish Lutheran church of 
 Altona. He gives his political support to the republican party and is an earnest 
 worker for its issues and candidates, being elected on the ticket to the office of 
 road commissioner and town supervisor, serving twelve years and four years 
 respectively. Mr. Fredricks is a man of genial disposition and cordial bearing 
 and has won many warm friends during the long years of his residence in 
 Knox county. /';.'>..:..;;..':. ^ .: . :;-o': --^ 
 
 .-. - -': V ', .>vr?.^-:-y ALONZO L. ROBY. ^ ^ r'-'^ ,::;;.:/V.:'^?':'' -:;:; 
 
 Alonzo L. Roby, who rents a farm in Walnut Grove township, where he is 
 eng-aged in farming and stock-raising, was bom January lo, 1874, at Bethesda, 
 Ohio, his parents being Eriah and Martha (Hinkle) Roby. The father was 
 also a native of Bethesda, who is living retired at the age of seventy-five years 
 but the mother passed away in 1905 at the age of fifty-five years. They were 
 the pafents of eleven children, six of whom survive, who beside our subject are 
 as follows : Lola, who is the wife of R. Clay, of Belmont county, Ohio ; Ella, 
 who is married to Jefiferson Medley, a resident of Morristown, Ohio ; Lily, who 
 is the wife of Jesse Atkins, a resident of Bethesda, Ohio ; Ernest, who is resid- 
 ing in Barnesville, Ohio ; and Hugh, who is living in Belmont, Ohio. 
 
 Alonzo Roby spent his early days attending the common schools and accept- 
 ing employment on the farm until he was eighteen years of age, when he re- 
 
610 HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY 
 
 moved to Knox county and engaged in farming pursuits for four years. Sub- 
 ' sequently, in 1901, he rented the farm near Altona upon which he is now re- 
 siding. He has met with unusual success in both general farming and stock- 
 . raising, and to these pursuits has given his undivided attention, his early training 
 
 fitting him for close application and scientific methods. 
 
 Mr. Roby has been twice married. His first union was to Mabel Shear, who 
 was born on the 6th of September, 1876, and whose death occurred on the 4th 
 of May, 1903. To this union three children were born: Ralph, whose birth 
 occurred March 31, 1893; Warren, who was born September 28, 1896; and 
 . Lelah, born November ii, 1899. His second union was to Mrs. Belle Gibson, 
 the widow of Jerry Gibson, a native of Canada. Mrs. Belle Roby before her 
 first marriage was a Miss Dixon, a daughter of George and Sarah Ann (Tedder) 
 Dixon, both natives of Canada. The father was born in the province of On- 
 tario, where he attended school and grew up, following the occupation of farm- 
 ing. He died in 1890. To them were born eleven children, in the following 
 order of birth: John Nelson; Hannah Margaret, deceased; Isabelle, the wife 
 
 of Alonzo L. Roby, our subject ; Mary Tedder ; George Warner ; Bertha Florence 
 Elizabeth; Franklin James Alfred, deceased; Irene Lillian Gertrude; and three 
 others who died in early life. Mrs. Roby removed to the United States from 
 Canada in 1901 with her first husband, Mr. Gibson. 
 
 In politics Mr. Roby gives his support to the republican party and has done 
 much active service in promoting its progress and influence. In religious faith 
 ; both he and his wife are members of the Methodist church of Altona, Mrs. 
 Roby holding membership also in the Ladies' Aid Society. Mr. Roby belongs to 
 Lodge No. 330, A. F. & A. M., and is at present worshipful master of this 
 , organization. He also belongs to the Independent Order of Odd Fellows and 
 . is the treasurer of this order, and is also a member of the Modern Woodmen 
 of America, of Altona. He is a man of strong character, whose natural ability 
 makes him a worthy representative in any community and he has won for him- 
 self a creditable place among Walnut Grove township's leading citizens. /. 
 
 .'"" /^'\:-- . '. FRANK N. GAY. ':"-.. ":;:.';:-; ' 
 
 Frank N. Gay, who since 1869 has been connected with the Farmers & 
 Mechanics Bank of Galesburg, at which time he assumed the office of assistant 
 cashier, was bom in Henderson, this county, June 20, 1845, his parents being 
 Joseph and Maria Antoinette (Rhodes) Gay, both of whom were natives of 
 Vermont. The father came west in 1838 and settled in Log City, Knox county, 
 where he was employed in getting out timber for the old Galesburg House. 
 At length he went to Henderson, where he built a store, and in addition to com- 
 mercial pursuits there also engaged in farming, and buying live stock of all kinds, 
 which he sold at St. Louis. He followed general merchandising until 1860, when, 
 with a well earned and substantial competence, he retired from business life and 
 came to Galesburg, where his remaining days were passed. His political allegiance 
 was given to the republican party and he filled a number of township offices, 
 discharging his duties with credit to himself and satisfaction to his constituents. 
 
FRANK X. (JAY 
 
' : HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY . 
 
 moved to Knox county and engaged in farming pursuits for four years. Sub- 
 sequently, in 1901, he rented the farm near Altona upon which he is now re- 
 siding. He has met with unusual success in both general farming and stock- 
 raising, and to these pursuits has given his undivided attention, his early training 
 fitting him for close application and scientific methods. 
 
 Mr. Roby has been twice married. His first union was to Mabel Shear, who 
 was born on the 6th of September, 1876, and whose death occurred on the 4th 
 of May, 1903. To this union three children were born : Ralph, whose birth 
 occurred March 31, 1893; Warren, who was born September 28, 1896; and 
 Lelah, born November ii, 1899. His second union was to Mrs. Belle Gibson, 
 the widow of Terry Gibson, a native of Canada. Mrs. Belle Roby before her 
 first marriage was a Miss Dixon, a daughter of George and Sarah Ann (Tedder) 
 Dixon, both natives of Canada. The father was born in the province of On- 
 tario, where he attended school and grew up, following the occupation of farm- 
 ing. He died in 1890. To them were born eleven children, in the following 
 order of birth : John Nelson ; Hannah Margaret, deceased ; Isabelle, the wife 
 of Alonzo L. Roby, our subject ; Mary Tedder ; George Warner ; Bertha Florence 
 Elizabeth: Franklin James Alfred, deceased; Irene Lillian Gertrude; and three 
 others who died in early life. Mrs. Roby removed to the United States from 
 Canada in 1901 with her first husband, Mr. Gibson. 
 
 In politics Mr. Roby gives his support to the republican party and has done 
 much active service in promoting its progress and mfluence. In religious faith 
 both he and his wife are members of the Methodist church of Altona, Mrs. 
 Roby holding membership also in the Ladies' Aid Society. Mr. Roby belongs to 
 Lodge No. 330, A. F. & A. M., and is at present worshipful master of this 
 organization. He also belongs to the Independent Order of Odd Fellows and 
 is the treasurer of this order, and is also a member of the Modern Woodmen 
 of America, of Altona. He is a man of strong character, whose natural ability 
 makes him a worthy representative in any community and he has won for him- 
 self a creditable place among Walnut Grove township's leading citizens. 
 
 FRANK N. GAY. 
 
 Frank N. Gay, who since 1869 has been connected with the Farmers & 
 Mechanics Bank of Galesburg, at which time he assumed the office of assistant 
 cashier, was born in Henderson, this county, June 20, 1845, his parents being 
 Joseph and Maria Antoinette (Rhodes) Gay, both of whom were natives of 
 Vermont. The father came west in 1838 and settled in Log City, Knox county, 
 where he was employed in getting out timber for the old Galesburg House. 
 At length he went to Henderson, where he built a store, and in addition to com- 
 mercial pursuits there also engaged in farming, and buying live stock of all kinds, 
 which he sold at St. Louis. He followed general merchandising until 1860, when, 
 with a well earned and substantial competence, he retired from business life and 
 came to Galesburg, where his remaining days were passed. His political allegiance 
 was given to the republican party and he filled a number of township offices, 
 discharging his duties with credit to himself and satisfaction to his constituents. 
 
I'liANK N. (l.\\ 
 
yv:-v;:^---v ^ HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY - .-v ^ 6i3 
 
 Both he and his wife held membership in the Congregational church. Mr. Gay 
 . survived his wife for a considerable period, her death having occurred in Hen- 
 derson in 1854. In their family were four children: David and Loraine, both 
 now deceased ; William M., living in Madison, Wisconsin, who was born in Log 
 ; City, August 30, 1838, and said to be the first white male child bom in the colony ; 
 V and Frank N. :':. -^ r ^ "':'.:^- ''':-.:''''' 
 
 The last named pursued his early education in the public schools of his 
 
 . native town and afterward entered the academic department of Knox College. 
 
 Subsequently he went to Ellington, Connecticut, where he was a pupil in the 
 
 Hall school, and following his return to Knox county began clerking in a store 
 
 ' in Henderson. He afterward spent three or four years as a salesman in Reid's 
 
 V dry goods store in Galesburg and for a year was connected with the house of 
 
 ; O. T. Johnson. He afterwards was salesman in the clothing store of Mr. Arnold 
 
 - for two years and subsequently spent a few years in the employ of E. F. Thomas, 
 / to whom he returned after the suspension of Mitchell & Rhykerd. After the 
 : death of Mr. Thomas he was with J. B. Colton, the successor of Mr. Thomas, 
 
 - and for six years was upon the road as traveling salesman in the boot and shoe 
 ' trade. In 1889 he entered the Farmers & Mechanics Bank as assistant cashier, 
 
 which position he still holds, and he is furthermore connected with the financial 
 interests of Galesburg as a stockholder in the First National Bank. He is now 
 well known as a representative of the banking interests of this city and county, 
 : and his ability in this field is attested by his long connection with the Farmers 
 & Mechanics Bank, covering a period of more than twenty-two years. 
 
 On the 25th of June, 1872, Mr. Gay was united in marriage to Miss Mary 
 
 - Dellgratia Clark, a daughter of the Rev. William D. and Mary Qark, of Quincy, 
 ' Illinois. Two children were born of this marriage but the elder, Frank Nelson, 
 
 is now deceased. The daughter, Loraine, is the wife of George T. McCandless, 
 
 = who is cashier of a bank in Anson, Kansas, and they have two children, Frank 
 
 Gay and George McCandless. Mr. and Mrs. Gay are members of the Central 
 
 Congfregational church society, and in his political views he is a republican. 
 
 : They have a large circle of warm friends in Galesburg and Mr. Gay has for niany 
 
 .; years been identified with the business interests of this city, whereby he has 
 
 gained a wide acquaintance, while his business ability and sterling personal worth 
 
 have won for him the warm regard, good-will and confidence of those with whom 
 
 he has been associated. He has not sought to figure prominently in public life, 
 
 but has been content to do the duty nearest at hand day after day, and it is such 
 
 citizens who constitute the real source of strength and stability in a community. 
 
 GLAUS EMIL QUICK. 
 
 A large percent of the citizens of Knox county claim Sweden as the land 
 of their nativity or that of their forefathers, and through the exercise of the 
 sturdy qualities peculiar to their race combined with the more prog^ressive spirit 
 of the new world, are meeting with substantial success in the various avenues 
 of labor in which they eng^age. In this class is numbered Claus Emil Quick, 
 who was born in Smalands, Jonkoping Ian, Sweden, on the 24th of June, 1859, 
 
614 HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY H-.-^ 
 
 a son of Carl Johann Quick, also a native of that country, his birth occurring 
 April 9, 1823. The father, who was a son of Johan Johanson, followed the 
 occupation of farming as a life work and also served for a time in the Swedish 
 army. At an early age he married Fredericka Anderson, a daughter of A. Ander- 
 son, and in igcxD they celebrated their golden wedding anniversary. Of their 
 family of nine children one daughter is now deceased. In 1875 four of their 
 sons came to this country, locating in Altona, Illinois, where they worked as 
 farm hands until 1886. The six succeeding years were passed in farm labor 
 in Lynn township and then they moved to Walnut Grove township and 
 rented land, where Claus Emil Quick has since engaged in general farming and 
 stock-raising. In 1877 the father and remaining members of the family also 
 came to the United States, and here the father passed away on the igth of April, 
 1910. The mother who still survives him at the age of eighty-four years, makes 
 her home in Knoxville. . - .. ' |- - v:v- 
 
 Claus Fmil Quick was a pupil in the schools of his native town until twelve 
 years of age, when he put aside his text-books to learn the tailor's trade. Two 
 years later, however, not finding that field of labor congenial, he took up farm- 
 ing, to which occupation he has devoted his attention continuously throughout 
 the intervening years. That these years have brought substantial success is 
 due to the fact that Mr. Quick has ever made wise use of his opportunities and 
 in the conduct of his affairs has manifested industry, perseverance and thrift, 
 characteristic elements of the Swedish race. He has never been afraid of hard 
 work but has labored untiringly in the prosecution of agricultural pursuits and 
 as a result is today numbered among the enterprising and progressive farmers 
 of his locality. 
 
 It was on the 6th of March, 1886, that Mr. Quick was united in marriage 
 to Miss Helga Mathilda Amenoff, who was bom in Aspey, Linkoping Ian, Sweden, 
 on the 1 7th of March, 1865. Her father, John Amenoff, was born in Sweden 
 on the 29th of April, 1837, and is a son of Theodore Amenoff. The latter, a 
 representative of a well known family of Sweden, was a merchant and official 
 of that country, where he passed away on the 6th of August, 1871. He had 
 married Sophia Ohnstadt, who was born in Sweden in i8io, and the only son 
 born unto this union was John Amenoff, who in 1874 came with his family to 
 the United States. He located upon a farm northeast of Altona, in Knox county, 
 Illinois, and for twenty years was successfully engaged in agricultural pursuits 
 upon that place. At the expiration of that period his accumulations made it 
 possible for him to withdraw from active work and in 1906 he took up his 
 residence in Altona, where he is now living retired. Ere leaving his native 
 country he had been married, in i86i, to Miss Johanna Luisa Carlson, who was 
 born on the 22d of October, 1835, a daughter of Carl and Adela Carlson, both 
 now deceased. The father, a farmer by occupation, passed away in 1849 at 
 the age of fifty years and the mother's death occurred in 1889 when she had 
 reached the ripe old age of eighty years. Of their family of six children five 
 still continue their residence in Sweden. Mrs. Quick was one of six children 
 born unto John and Johanna Amenoff, and she now has one living brother, 
 Alex, of Galva, Illinois. On December 15, 1911, Mrs. Johanna Luisa Amenoff, 
 the mother of Mrs. Quick, passed away and was laid to rest in the cemetery at 
 A.ltona. She was a lady of rare qualities and refinement and not onlv greatlv 
 
:;^ ;::::".:-; ;^ HISTORY OF KXOX COUNTY ;::.; ; -^ 
 
 beloved by her immediate family but venerated by a host of devoted friends. 
 By her marriage to Mr. Quick Helga Mathilda Amenoff has become the mother 
 of three children. The eldest, Ida Charlotte, was born on the 2gth of July, 
 1887, and is now the wife of Ora Krumstadt, a resident of Galva. The second 
 daughter, Minnie Olivia, born July 5, 1889, after her graduation from high 
 school pursued a course of study at Geneseo school, and also at Valparaiso, 
 Indiana, and is now successfully engaged in teaching school. Edward Theo, 
 born October i, 1891, is still at home. 
 
 The religious belief of Mr. Quick is indicated by his membership in the 
 Swedish Lutheran church of Altona, and in fraternal relations he belongs to 
 the Modern Woodmen of America. Since becoming a naturalized American 
 citizen he has given stalwart support to the republican party and for fifteen 
 years has held public office, in the capacity of school director and also as road 
 master. He has ever proved a most popular official and a valued, public-spirited 
 citizen for his interests are thoroughly identified with those of his adopted 
 country, for whose laws and institutions he has the highest regard. 
 
 ' r::'-.:v.,y :;;:/, f^;:; J. ALEXANDER FINLEY. ; . .:;.'-; ''; ''^v;'-^v'" ;:;.;:;;; 
 
 ' J. Alexander Finley, a resident of Knox county since he was four years of 
 age, is a progressive and thoroughly modern man believing in the value of 
 higher education both for its practical value as the shortest means of preparing 
 adequately for a business or professional career and also for its purely aesthetic 
 value, since education is the necessary basis for all broader culture and fuller 
 enjoyment of the things worth while in life. He was born in Delaware, Ohio, 
 March 26, 1839, his parents being Joseph and Jane (Ferris) Finley, the former 
 a native of Highland county, Ohio, and the latter of West Virginia. The 
 father, who followed agricultural pursuits with much success on his farm in 
 Ohio, came to Illinois, in 1838, and purchased a quarter section of land. In 
 1843 he removed his family to his farm situated in Ontario township and be- 
 came a resident of the county remaining here until his death in 1865. He was 
 a prosperous farmer and at his death left a tract comprising five hundred acres 
 of well improved farmland to be divided among his heirs. He was twice mar- 
 ried, his first wife dying when J. Alexander Finley was aged two years, and his 
 second marriage occurring in 1843, the year of his removal to Knox county. 
 There were four children in the family, of whom the subject of this review 
 was the third in order of birth. Mr. Finley was a supporter of republican 
 policies and a loyal member of the Presbyterian church. 
 
 J. Alexander Finley had no educational advantages beyond the district 
 schools of Ontario township, but what he was denied in his childhood he made 
 up in later years and through his wide reading and careful observation gained 
 a fund of information concerning the most varied topics, on which he discourses 
 with much fluency and native charm. At the age of twenty-two years he in- 
 terrupted his labors in the fields, where he had worked since old enough to 
 assist his father, and enlisted in the army with Company D, First Regular Illinois 
 Cavalry, on April 23, i86i, after Fort Sumter was fired upon. His company 
 
616 HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY 
 
 was mustered in July 15, i86i, and he was taken prisoner at Lexington, Missouri, 
 and paroled, being mustered out July 14, 1862. He operated a farm for forty- 
 one years, meeting with unusual success in raising crops and in his more spe- 
 cialized undertaking, the breeding of Clydesdale horses. He is the owner of 
 four hundred acres of very valuable land which he cultivated until 1904, when 
 he retired to Oneida and has lived there ever since. 
 
 On November 6, 1868, the marriage of Mr. Finley and Miss Mary E. Cox 
 occurred. She was born in Somerton, England, and her parents, Joseph and 
 Elizabeth Cox were natives of England, who came to America in 1853 and 
 settled on a farm in the county. They are both deceased, the father's death 
 having occurred in 1904, and the mother's some years earlier. Five children 
 were born to Mr. and Mrs. Finley: Gertrude, the wife of W. L. Allen, a 
 retired farmer, who resides in Oneida; George, who attended Knox College and 
 lives at home; J. Orton, who attended the State University of Illinois and now 
 operates a farm, and is married and has two daughters ; Dr. Clyde A. Finley, 
 who is married and practices as a physician at Galesburg, having received his 
 professional training at Bellevue College, New York; and Louise B., who is a 
 graduate of Knox College, and now teaching school in Eureka, Utah. 
 
 Mr. Finley is a republican in his political affiliations and with his family 
 holds membership in the Congregational church of Oneida. Possessed of a 
 keen sense of duty, he has devoted himself throughout his life to the interests 
 of his family providing his children with every opportunity that lay within his 
 reach in order to make of them exemplary men and women, such as we need in 
 larger numbers in every state in the land. 
 
 :;:;;/ V ; ' . ; v; .. - JAMES COOK. .:./.,: :%; ;;.;,.; 
 
 -; James Cook, now deceased, was one of the prosperous agriculturists and 
 extensive landowners of Knox county and his business record may well serve 
 as a source of encouragement and inspiration to others, showing what may be 
 accomplished when energy and determination lead the way. He was born in 
 Roxburyshire, Scotland, October 22, i8i6, and his life record covered the inter- 
 vening years to February 12, 1887, when he passed away. His parents were 
 Robert and Janet (Lockie) Cook, who spent their entire lives in the land of 
 hills and heather, where the father devoted his attention to farming. In their 
 family were the following children : Jane, Agnes, Margaret, William, Janet, 
 Mary, James, Elizabeth and Robert. 
 
 James Cook spent his youthful days in his native land and assisted his father 
 on the home farm until 1836, when at the age of twenty years he bade adieu to 
 home and friends and sailed for the new world. He possessed a young man's 
 ambition to make the most of life and believed that better opportunities would 
 be offered him in the United States. He first made his way to Buffalo, New 
 York, and thence to Canada, where he continued for a time. He afterward 
 went to Ross county, Ohio, settling near Chillicothe, and for six years was 
 engaged as a drover, driving cattle to New York and Philadelphia. The ist 
 of July, 1845, witnessed his arrival in Knox county, where he soon completed 
 
616 HISTORY OF KXOX COUNTY 
 
 was mustered in July 15. i86i. and he was taken prisoner at Lexington, Missouri, 
 and paroled, being mustered out July 14, 1862. He operated a farm for forty- 
 one years, meeting with unusual success in raising crops and in his more spe- 
 cialized undertaking, the breeding of Clydesdale horses. He is the owner of 
 four hundred acres of very valuable land which he cultivated until 1904, when 
 he retired to Oneida and has lived there ever since. 
 
 On November 6. 1868. the marriage of Mr. Finley and ^liss Mary E. Cox 
 occurred. She was born in Somerton. England, and her parents. Joseph and 
 Elizabeth Cox were natives of England, who came to America in 1853 and 
 settled on a farm in the county. They are both deceased, the father's death 
 having occurred in i<)O4. and the mother's some years earlier. Five children 
 were born to Mr. and Mrs. Finley: Gertru<Ie, the wife of \V. L. Allen, a 
 retired farmer, who resides in Oneida : George, who attended Knox College and 
 lives at home : J. Orton. who attended the State University of Illinois and now 
 operates a farm, and is married and has two daughters ; Dr. Clyde .\. Finley. 
 who is married and practices as a physician at Galesburg. having received his 
 professional training at Bellevue College. New York ; and Louise B.. w^ho is a 
 graduate of Knox College, and now teaching school in Eureka, Utah. 
 
 Mr. Finley is a rei)ublican in his political affiliations and with his family 
 holds membersbi]) in the Congregational church of Oneida. Possessed of a 
 keen sense of duty, he has devoted himself throughout his life to the interests 
 of his family providing his children with every opportunity that lay within his 
 reach in order to make of them exemplary men and women, such as we need in 
 larger numbers in every state in the land. 
 
 , JAMES COOK. 
 
 James Cook, now deceased, was one of the prosperous agriculturists and 
 extensive landowners of Knox county and his business record may well serve 
 as a source of encouragement and inspiration to others, showing what may be 
 accomplished when energy and determination lead the way. He was born in 
 Roxburyshire. Scotland. October 22. i8i6, and his life record covered the inter- 
 vening years to February 12. 1887. when he ]>assed away. His parents were 
 Robert and Janet (Lockie) Cook, who spent their entire lives in the land of 
 hills and heather, where the father devoted his attention to farming. In their 
 family were the following children : Jane. Agnes. Margaret. William. Janet, 
 Mary, James. Elizabeth and Robert. 
 
 James Cook spent his youthful days in his native land and assisted his father 
 on the home farm until 1836. when at the age of twenty years he bade adieu to 
 home and friends and sailed for the new world. He possessed a young man's 
 ambition to make the most of life and believed that better opportunities would 
 be offered him in the United States. He first made his way to Buffalo. New 
 York, and thence to Canada, where he continued for a time. He afterw-ard 
 went to Ross county. Ohio, settling near Chillicothe. and for six years was 
 engaged as a drover, driving cattle to New York and Philadelphia. The 1st 
 of July, 1845, witnessed his arrival in Knox county, where he soon completed 
 
HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY ;- : 619 
 
 arrangements for the purchase of a farm near Rochester, becoming the owner - 
 of one hundred and twenty acres. After two years he sold that property and ; 
 purchased eighty acres on section i6, Copley township, to which he added from 
 time to time as his financial resources permitted until he became the owner of ^ ' 
 eight hundred acres of valuable Illinois farm land, all of which was in his 
 possession at the time of his death. His last ten years were spent in honorable '' 
 retirement from labor in the enjoyment of a rest which he truly earned and ' : 
 richly deserved. . 
 
 On the 3d of March, 1853, ^^- Cook was united in marriage to Miss Ag^es ; ' 
 Stein, a daughter of Andrew and Margaret (Carr) Stein, of Edinburgh, Scot- r;; 
 land. Her father, who was born near that city, devoted his life to farming and > ^ 
 died in 1829. His wife was also born in the vicinity of Edinburgh and died in o 
 May, 1867, at the age of seventy-five years. They were the parents of eight ' 
 children: William, Mary, Isabelle, Janet and Margaret, all now deceased; :^ 
 
 Agnes, now Mrs, Cook ; and John and Andrew, deceased. Of this family Agnes, 
 the sixth in order of birth, became the wife of James Cook. She was born . 
 
 near Edinburgh, May 28, 1823, and was educated in her native country. She . 
 
 came to the new world to visit her sister who was living at Knoxville, and dur- ; 
 
 ing her visit became acquainted with Mr. Cook, who sought her hand in mar- ^ ; 
 riage. She is now living with her daughter, Janet Cook, at No. 960 North -; 
 
 Cherry street in Galesburg, By her marriage she became the mother of seven 
 children. Isabelle, the eldest, is the wife of Nathan A. Milroy, of Copley town- ' 
 ship, and they have six children: Mary, the wife of Martin Gibbs, living in ' :. 
 Victoria township; William; Samuel, living at home; Edna, the wife of Glenn : 
 Gibbs, of Victoria township; Archie and James Milroy, both at home. William, 
 the second member of the Cook family, is living on North Cherry street in . 
 
 Galesburg. His wife died in October, 1888, and he subsequently married Miss ; : 
 
 Helen Stephenson and they had one child, Marion, deceased. Janet, the third 
 of the family, is living with her mother. Margaret is the wife of Alexander 
 Wylie, of Vinton, Iowa, and their children are: Mabel, James C., Jean, Agnes, 'v' 
 Margaret, Effiie and Isabelle. Mary A. became the wife of Houston Tait but 
 both are now deceased. They had three children: Agnes, the wife of Louis . 
 Jamagin, of Victoria township; Dwight Cook, living in Cascade, Montana; and : 
 Jennie Tait, whose home is in Copley township, this county. Agnes, the sixth 
 member of the Cook family, is the wife of George M. Huston, of Miami, ' ' 
 Florida, and their children are: Margaret, now deceased; Agnes; Georgine; '; :. 
 and George. Elizabeth, the youngest member of the Cook family, died in in- .: ' 
 fancy. Mrs. Cook now has four great grandchildren: Dale and Dean, sons /.,.' 
 of Martin Gibbs; and Helen and May Louise Tait. ;., ' 
 
 The death of James Cook occurred February 12, 1887, when he was in his ; ' 
 seventy-first year. After taking out naturalization papers, he became a sup- . 
 porter of the republican party and remained loyal to its interests. He served 
 as school trustee and as road commissoner, yet was never a politician in the 
 sense of the office seeker. He was always however, mindful of his public duty . 
 and was faithful to every trust reposed in him. His widow remains a con- -^ 
 sistent and loyal member of the Presbyterian church to which Mr. Cook long '; 
 belonged and in which he served as trustee. His was a well spent, useful life 
 and at all times and in all relations his fellow townsmen found him an honor- i^ - 
 
620 / HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY <..,:-:; Cv- 
 
 able man who held to high ideals and therefore commanded the respect and 
 esteem of those who knew him. While more than a quarter of a century has 
 passed since he was called from this life, he is yet remembered by many of the 
 old settlers of the county who had for him warm esteem and the admiration 
 which is always given to a successful man whose prosperity is well won. 
 
 ';;;' .Vv;;::--;v JAMES s. PAYNE. /'.:::' .'^--'v' ;''-'^'v 
 
 James S. Payne, who is at present engaged as carrier in the rural delivery 
 department of the United States postoffice, is residing in Altona, Knox county. 
 His birth occurred on the I7th of March, 1865, in Harrisonville, Missouri. He 
 was the grandson of William and Susan (Stephenson) Payne, both natives of 
 Kentucky, and was the son of William B. Payne, a native of Lexington, Ken- 
 tucky, who is at present living in Virginia, Illinois, at the age of eighty-nine 
 years. William Payne started in life on his own account by accepting a clerical 
 position and subsequently went to Harrisonville, Missouri, where he interested 
 himself as partner with his former employer and engaged in the mercantile 
 business for three years before removing to Virginia, Illinois, where he con- 
 ducted a store. These various enterprises were both agreeable and profitable, 
 and desiring to continue in the same line of business, Mr. Payne opened stores 
 in Chandlersville and Ashland, Illinois. He was conducting these establishments 
 at the time the new bankruptcy law became effective. This law affected his 
 resources so badly that he lost practically all he had accumulated, and in 1898 
 was forced to retire. He was married to Hannah E. Allender, whose death 
 occurred in 1895, and who was the daughter of Hiram Allender. To Mr. and 
 Mrs. Payne eleven children were born, eight of whom are now living: John 
 W., a resident of Kansas City; Eva, the wife of J. Chapman of Birmingham, 
 Alabama; Richard and Wm. G., both of whom are residents of Kansas pty, 
 Missouri ; Charles F., who is living in Hot Springs, Arkansas ; Henrietta, who 
 is married to D. Crum, a resident of Virginia, Illinois ; Miranda, who is the 
 wife of A. M. Thompson of Washington ; and James S., the subject of this 
 review. 
 
 After finishing his education in the common schools, James Payne attended 
 Brown's Business College at Jacksonville, and Illinois College of Jacksonville, 
 Illinois, from which he was graduated and prepared to enter upon a business 
 career. His first position was in Oberlin, Kansas, where he was a clerk in the 
 government land office for two years. Subsequently he left for Tecumseh, 
 Nebraska, and engaged in the abstract business in Johnson county. Returning 
 to Illinois he was employed in Virginia as a department commercial clerk for 
 a short time previous to leaving for Beatrice, Nebraska, where he was engaged 
 as express and baggage man for the Burlington & Missouri River Railway, now 
 a part of the Burlington system. Again returning to Virginia he served in the 
 capacity of deputy sheriflF and ex-officio tax collector for three years and then 
 left for Topeka, Illinois, where he purchased a drug store previous to going to 
 Altona in 1896. Later he moved his drug store and, in 1901, entered the United 
 States mail service as rural delivery man. At the present time he is serving in 
 
;;-' ;;/;;:. g HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY ; ;': xCtf;; 621 
 
 that capacity and is also interested in western real estate and other business 
 enterprises. In all these positions Mr. Payne has shown a true regard for the 
 essentials and principles of business and has been an accurate and reliable 
 employe. 
 
 Mr. Payne was united in marriage to Anna A. Buckman, who is the daughter 
 of C. F. and Mary E. (Mauck) Buckman, and was born on the 5th of August, 
 1870. The parents are both living and are very active in their home duties. 
 Mr. Buckman was a soldier in the Civil war. To Mr. and Mrs. Payne three 
 children have been born: Marie, who is twenty-two years of age; Cal C., who 
 is twenty years of age; and Doris, who is fourteen years of age. 
 
 Mr. Payne gives his political support to the democratic party and, although 
 he has never sought office, he has been very active in promoting the policies of 
 the party he thinks will be the most effective in producing good government. 
 Recently he was elected police magistrate but could not accept the office because 
 of his official position in the United States postoffice. Both he and his wife 
 hold membership in the Presbyterian church and he is also a member of the 
 Knights of Pythias of Osceola, Iowa. At present he enjoys the confidence and 
 respect of the members of his community, and both he and his wife are held in 
 the highest regard because of their social characteristics and their sterling worth. 
 
 .'..,:. CHARLES H. RHODES. '^'-/.CVr^V 
 
 For more than half a century Charles H. Rhodes has been a witness of the 
 progress in the material and intellectual development of Knox county, having 
 been born in Henderson, March 3, 1854. His father, William 'M. Rhodes, a 
 native of Vermont, came to Illinois and settled in Henderson in the year 1851 
 or 52, plying his trade, that of wagon-making, which he had learned in the east. 
 He had a shop of his own for a time and found much demand for his services 
 in those days, when much of the transportation of farm products was done by 
 wagon before the ramified system of local railroads was installed. He married 
 Mary J. Brown, a native of Henderson township and a daughter of Wilson 
 Brown who came to Knox county from Kentucky in pioneer days. Four chil- 
 dren were born to Mr. and Mrs. Rhodes, of whom Charles H. Rhodes was the 
 eldest. They were members of the Methodist Episcopal church which lost a 
 loyal supporter at the death of Mr. Rhodes in 1882. In his political allegiance 
 he was a republican. ' ; . ; 
 
 Charles H. Rhodes was educated in the village school and became self- 
 supporting at an early age choosing farming for his calling, not only for the 
 invigorating and varied nature of the labors which this occupation involves 
 but also for the promising future which he foresaw. His judgment proved right 
 as his later prosperity showed. In the choice of his home he always confined 
 himself to the immediate vicinity of Henderson, where he purchased a farm of 
 one hundred and six acres after some time and for twenty years devoted himself 
 to its cultivation and development. He retired a few years ago and now rents 
 the land from which he makes a good income. During the period of his activities 
 
622 HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY ; - /- 
 
 he was modem in the methods of farming which he employed, and progressive 
 and alert in his administration of the place. 
 
 The marriage of Mr. Rhodes and Miss Frances Martin was solemnized Feb- 
 ruary 1 8, 1880. She was born in Pennsylvania and was a daughter of William 
 and Drusilla (Pope) Martin, natives of Pennsylvania, her father coming to 
 Knox county in 1857, when he settled on a farm and followed agricultural pur- 
 suits throughout the remainder of his life. Three children were born to Mn 
 and Mrs. Rhodes : Harry, who is married, a farmer in Ontario township, Knox 
 county; Helen M., the wife of Fred Smith, a farmer, who has two children; 
 and Margaret E., the wife of Harry L. Pople, employed in a general store in 
 Monmouth, Illinois, who has one son, Irwin R. Dale. 
 
 Mr, Rhodes votes with the republicans and has been entrusted with the re- 
 sponsibilities of public office a number of times, serving as constable, justice of 
 the peace and as school trustee, holding the latter office for a considerable length 
 of time. With his family he worships in the Christian church of Henderson, 
 believing in the doctrine of righteousness and truth as the basis upon which 
 every religion and philosophy must be built. He is a man of serious mind and 
 sterling traits of character devoted to his family and his friends. 
 
 : ; . X IRVING W. DAVISON. ' /: 
 
 Irving W. Davison, who resides in Henderson township, was born in Hen- 
 derson, March 31, 1877, his parents being Joseph and Isabella (Kilgore) Davi- 
 son, both of whom were natives of Pennsylvania. The father, who had been a 
 resident of Knoxville, came to Henderson and engaged in the shoe business 
 prior to entering upon agricultural pursuits which he carried on extensively 
 later in life, owning four hundred and forty acres of land and raising cattle for 
 the western market until his death, October 27, 1910. 
 
 Irving W. Davison received a common-school education and then assisted 
 his father on the latter's farm until he started out on his own account, in 1907, 
 on the one hundred and forty-acre tract of land he now owns and devotes to 
 general farming. Although he has been farming independently for only four 
 years, he has already met with a good measure of success and has shown that 
 long years of experience are not necessarily indispensable to succes^ if energy 
 and determination take their place. ' . - . .r -^ ; I . ' 
 
 On October 17, 1902, Mr. Davison was married to Emma J. Nelson and to 
 this union five children have been born, namely : Mary L., Helen C.,' Evelyn 
 M., Gertrude B., and Gladys Margaret, deceased. Mrs. Davison is the daughter 
 of Nels and Hannah Nelson, who have been residents of Knox county for many 
 years. Nels Nelson was bom in Christianstad, Sweden, October 6, 1855, and 
 received a common-school education in his native land, where he engaged in 
 fanning until 1877, when he came to America, there he has since carried on the 
 same pursuit. He first settled in Henry county and was employed there for 
 several years, although he resided in Knox county during the latter part of that- 
 time. After five or six years he began farming near Henderson and Wataga 
 and, in 1898, located upon the forty-acre farm which he had recently acquired 
 
HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY :}^r"' 623 
 
 and upon which he now resides. In politics Mr. Nelson gives his support to 
 the republican party and has served as road commissioner. He holds member- 
 ship in the Swedish Lutheran church of Wataga, as well as Galesburg Camp, 
 No. 667, M. W. A. On January 4, 1882, Nels Nelson was married to Mrs. Anna 
 (Samuelson) Peterson, whose parents remained in Sweden, their native country. 
 To Mr. and Mrs. Nelson six children have been born, of whom five are now 
 living. The eldest, Christina, is married to Gust Malcolm, an agriculturist, who 
 resides in Ontario township and has three children. Emil, who is an agriculturist 
 in Henderson township, is married and is the father of two children. Emma is. 
 the wife of Irving W. Davison, of this sketch. George is married and is an 
 agriculturist in Henderson township. Minnie, the youngest, is residing a* home. 
 Mr. Davison gives his political support to the republican party, having a firm 
 belief that its policies are most effective in securing good government. In this, 
 as in his other relations, he is loyal and consistent, always acting according to 
 his interpretation of the highest citizenship. . 
 
 '. .>:'.' .,.^- '>:>-.;-. '':^-'; THOMAS CRAVER. ,v. , ; :;::\:-v ;.';'->;;'{'. 
 
 Thomas Craver, now deceased, who resided for many years in Walnut Grove 
 township, was born May 26, 1824, in Hanover, Pennsylvania, and is a son of 
 John and Christina (Stoekel) Craver, who were Pennsylvania Germans. 
 
 Thomas Craver, who was an undertaker by trade, spent his early life on the 
 home farm, but after his marriage in 1851 came to Lynn township, Knox county, 
 and settled in a little log house upon the farm which he cultivated for twenty- 
 seven years previous to removing to Altona in 1885, where he lived retired until 
 his death. 
 
 Mr. Craver was married September 17, 1851, to Miss Rebecca Cameron, 
 who was a daughter of Angus Cameron and was born on September 14, 1832, 
 in Susquehanna county, Pennsylvania. The father was a native of Scotland, 
 his birth having occurred there in 1807, and he came to America with his 
 brothers at the age of sixteen years. They located first in Canada but soon re- 
 moved to' Carbondale, Pennsylvania, with an uncle, where they remained through- 
 out their lives. In Carbondale he followed the cabinet-maker's trade and showed 
 a skill and ability which won him rapid promotion. He was married to Sabrina 
 Snyder, whose birth occurred in New York state. May 31, 1812, and who passed 
 away on the I7th of April, 1896. Mrs. Cameron was a daughter of Jacob and 
 Margaret Snyder and a granddaughter of John and Mary Cameron, the former 
 a shepherd boy in his youth. Mr. Cameron held membership in the Methodist 
 church and his death occurred on September 29, 1896. To him and his wife 
 nine children were born, six of whom are living. Mrs. Craver, the eldest, is 
 the widow of Thomas Craver, the subject of this sketch. Duncan was bom 
 in Pennsylvania, October 3, 1834, and is at present residing with Mrs. Craven 
 At the age of twelve years he began assisting his father as a cabinet-maker and 
 _ remained with him until 1859. In 1864 he removed to Iowa and again took up 
 his trade, remaining in Cedar Falls for two years before removing to South 
 Dakota. Subsequently he returned to Iowa and until 1905, when he came to 
 
 
624 HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY ;^ 
 
 live retired with his sister, was engaged as a millwright. He was twice married, 
 his first union being to Harriet Hoadley, of Wayne county, Pennsylvania, a 
 daughter of Luther and Sophia (Sampson) Hoadley. To this union one child, 
 Luther, was bom, his death occurring when he was but one year old. Mrs. 
 Cameron passed away in 1863, at the age of thirty years. His second marriage 
 was to Mary M. Cockerell, a native of Wisconsin and a daughter of J. Cockerell, 
 a native of England. Her death occurred in 1905, at the age of sixty years. 
 Mr. Cameron has never given active support to any political party. He holds 
 membership in the Baptist church and formerly was a member of the Knights of 
 Pythias. Angus, the next in order of birth in the family of Mr. and Mrs. Angus 
 Cameron, resides in Carbondale, Pennsylvania. Libby is the wife of P. Gray and 
 resides in Streator, Illinois. Anna is the widow of J. Scurry, of Carbondale. 
 Emma is married to Charles Gray and is residing in Luzerne county, Pennsylvania. 
 
 Mr. and Mrs. Craver became the parents of eleven children. Mary E., the 
 eldest, is the wife of John S. Collinson and resides in Galva, Illinois. They are 
 the parents of three children : Dennis, who is married and has three children ; 
 Wiley, who is married and has one child ; and Cora. William V. resides in 
 Lynn township and married Jessie McClatchey, by whom he has two children, 
 Glenn and Thomas. John A. is also a resident of Lynn township and is mar- 
 ried to Jessie Cochren and has one child, Ira Ross. Harriet is the wife of E. 
 Burkhart, of Nebraska, and has two children, Jennie and Jessie. Anna is mar- 
 ried and resides in California. She has one daughter, Stella, who married Dr. 
 Mills. .Minnie is the wife of A. A. Scott, of Altona, and Judge T., who resides 
 in Walnut Grove township, married Emma Kermode. Four, Flora, Ira, Florence 
 and Emma, died early in life. 
 
 Mr. Craver was a member of Altona Lodge, No. 330, A. F. & A. M., of 
 Altona, and also belonged to the Order of the Eastern Star. Mrs. Craver is a 
 member of the Presbyterian church of Altona and is active in its Ladies Social 
 Union Society. Industry and persistency were the salient features in his career 
 and were potent elements in the acquirement of his success, which not only 
 spoke in terms of material gain but also won him the regard and high esteem 
 of his fellowmen. . , 
 
 -;""-. ' N. B. IVES, SR. ::/'/. :-;--^^:' 
 
 N. B. Ives, Sr., who is now living retired, owns a fine farm of two hundred 
 and thirty-eight acres on section 7, Victoria township, where for many years he 
 successfully engaged in general farming and stock-raising. He is one of the 
 four children born of the marriage of Joshua and Katherine (Wilber) Ives, ' 
 his birth occurring in Otsego county. New York, on the pth of November, 1833. -, 
 The parents passed their entire lives in Otsego county, the mother's death oc- - 
 curring at the age of twenty-three, when our subject was a child of two years, .; 
 but the father lived to attain the venerable age of seventy-nine. They were . v 
 members of the Lutheran church, while his political support Joshua Ives always ..- 
 accorded the republican party. , . i .. . 
 
624 HISTORY OF KXOX COUNTY 
 
 live retired with his sister, was engaged as a millwright. He was twice married, 
 his first union being to Harriet Hoadley, of Wayne county, Pennsylvania, a 
 daughter of Luther and Sophia (Sampson) Hoadley. To this union one child, 
 Luther, was born, his death occurring when he was but one year old. Mrs. 
 Cameron passed away in 1863, at the age of thirty years. His second marriage 
 was to ^^ary M. Cockerell. a native of Wisconsin and a daughter of J. Cockerell, 
 a native of England. Her death occurred in 1905, at the age of sixty years. 
 Mr. Cameron has never given active supjwrt to any political party. He holds 
 membership in the Baptist church and formerly was a member of the Knights of 
 Pythias. Angus, the next in order of birth in the family of Mr. and Mrs. .\ngus 
 Cameron, resides in Carbondale, Pennsylvania. Libby is the wife of P. Gray and 
 resides in Streator. Illinois. Anna is the widow of J. Scurry, of Carbondale. 
 Emma is married to Charles Gray and is residing in Luzerne county, Pennsylvania. 
 Mr. and Mrs. Craver became the parents of eleven children. Mary E., the 
 eldest, is the wife of John S. Collinson and resides in Galva, Illinois. They are 
 the parents of three children : Dennis, who is married and has three children ; 
 \\'iley, who is married and has one child ; and Cora. William V. resides in 
 Lynn township and married Jessie McClatchey, by whom he has two children, 
 Glenn and Thomas. John A. is also a resident of Lynn township and is mar- 
 ried to Jessie Cochren and has one child, Ira Ross. Harriet is the wife of E. 
 Burkhart, of Nebraska, and has two children, Jennie and Jessie. Anna is mar- 
 ried and resides in California. She has one daughter, Stella, who married Dr. 
 Mills. Minnie is the wife of A. A. Scott, of Altona, and Judge T., who resides 
 in Walnut Grove township, married Emma Kermode. Eour, Flora, Ira, Florence 
 and Emma, died early in life. 
 
 . Mr. Craver was a member of Altona Lodge, No. 330, A. F. & A. M., of 
 Altona, and also belonged to the Order of the Eastern Star. Mrs. Craver is a 
 member of the Presbyterian church of Altona and i;, active in its Ladies Social 
 L'nion Society. Industry and persistency were the salient features in his career 
 and were potent elements in the ac(|uirement of his success, which not only 
 spoke in terms of material gain but also won him the regard and high esteem 
 of his fellowmen. 
 
 V N. B. IVES, SR. - '^ 
 
 . N. B. Ives, Sr., who is now living retired, owns a fine farm of two hundred 
 and thirty-eight acres on section 7, \'ictoria township, where for many years he 
 successfully engaged in general farming and stock-raising. He is one of the 
 four children born of the marriage of Joshua and Katherine (Wilber) Ives, 
 his birth occurring in Otsego county, Xew York, on the 9th of November, 1833. 
 The ])arents ])assed their entire lives in Otsego county, the mother's death oc- 
 curring at the age of twenty-three, when our subject was a child of two years, 
 but the father lived to attain the venerable age of seventy-nine. They were 
 members of the Lutheran church, while his political support Josluia Ives always 
 accorded the republican party. 
 
HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY 
 
 627 
 
 The agricultural training of N. B. Ives was received under the supervision 
 of his father on the old homestead in Otsego county, while pursuing his educa- 
 tion in the district schools. He continued to follow farming in his native state 
 until he was twenty-three years of age, when he decided that the west afforded 
 better opportunities and greater advantages to the young man, so in 1856 he 
 ' came to Illinois. Upon his arrival in Knox county he located in Victoria town- 
 ship and for two years thereafter worked as a farm hand by the month. At 
 the end of that time he bought the place he now owns, which is located a mile 
 northeast of Victoria. This was the property of the Force boys and was un- 
 improved with the exception of forty acres. Mr. Ives was an enterprising, 
 industrious young man, however, and had no hesitancy in undertaking the arduous 
 task of placing the entire tract under cultivation. He was young, strong and 
 full of ambition, and the thought of owning a farm proved an incentive to yet 
 greater effort and the last forty acres of his land he broke entirely unassisted. 
 Naturally he encountered the disappointment and discouragements common to 
 pioneer life, but he never lost hope, possessing absolute confidence in ultimately 
 attaining success. The operation of his farm was always given his personal 
 supervision, the greater part of the work being done by him alone during the 
 early years. His fields were devoted to the raising of such cereals as were best 
 adapted to the soil, and under his capable direction annually yielded harvests 
 that fully compensated for the labor expended in their cultivation. In connec- 
 tion with general farming he raised cattle, hogs and, on a smaller scale, horses 
 all of a high grade, and attained lucrative results from these undertakings. Mr. 
 Ives was actively engaged in the operation of his farm until fifteen years ago, 
 when he had the misfortune to suffer a stroke of paralysis, and he has ever since 
 been an invalid. He still resides on his homestead but the land is being culti- 
 vated by his son. It is a very attractive place, and has always been a source of 
 great pride to its owner, representing as it does the self-denial, toil and struggles 
 of his early manhood and middle age. All of the buildings now standing on the 
 place have been erected during the period of his occupancy, the lumber for most 
 of them having been hauled from Galva, this state, at that time the nearest trad- 
 ing post. His only prolonged absence from the farm since he settled upon it 
 was during the war. As a member of Company K, Eighty-third Illinois Volun- 
 teer Infantry he went to the front, proving as efficient a soldier as a farmer. 
 He saw much active service but was never wounded or taken prisoner and was 
 mustered out at Nashville, Tennessee, with the rank of sergeant, receiving his 
 discharge at Chicago. 
 
 On the 2d of January, i86i, Mr. Ives was united in marriage to Miss Susan 
 Oark, who was born in Otsego county. New York, on the 2Oth of May, 1842. 
 She is a daughter of William P. and Dinah (Soules) Clark. The parents were 
 also natives of Otsego county, but they later removed to Knox county, and here 
 the mother passed away at the age of seventy years, while the father reached the 
 patriarchal age of eighty-seven. The family of Mr. and Mrs. Ives numbers five, 
 as follows: W. J., v^rho is a resident of Chicago; Ola C., who married Frank 
 M. Robinson and is living in Houston, Texas ; N. B., Jr., who married Minnie 
 Watson and is also a resident of Houston ; Ulysses S., a resident of this town- 
 ship, who married Mabel Robinson ; and Sherman, who married Miss Florence 
 Craver, now operating his father's farm. ,.:... ..,- , . -, ,. 
 
 VoL n 28 V^' ''. ''.-'-'"' ' T'V '' ''vV\.-';/-V. 
 
HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY ' >-^;i- 
 
 Ever since granted the right of franchise upon attaining his majority, Mr. 
 Ives has given his unqualified indorsement to the principles of the republican 
 party. He cast his first vote for Abraham Lincoln and on each succeeding elec- 
 tion has given his support to the candidates of the party of his early choice. 
 Being a public-spirited man, he has taken an active interest in township politics 
 and has served as collector, school trustee, director and pathmaster, the duties ' 
 of which offices he discharged in a creditable manner. Mr. Ives is one of the 
 honored members of the local post of the Grand Army of the Republic, and for 
 many years held the chaplain's chair in this organization. He is highly regarded 
 as a citizen of his township, in the development and upbuilding of which he has 
 taken an active and helpful interest during the fifty-five years of his residence, 
 and is numbered among its substantial agriculturists. :' > . " ., 
 
 :' /^vvx:; : . SAMUEL RANKIN. ;.:, >/y;:-'^-.::'c 
 
 One of the substantial citizens of Knox county and for many years a farmer 
 of progressive ideals who occupied a place in the front ranks of the representa- 
 tives of his calling, is Samuel Rankin, now living on his farm in Henderson 
 township. His birth occurred in Uniontown, Fayette county, Pennsylvania, 
 March lo, 1844. He was a son of William and Eliza (Junk) Rankin, both 
 natives of Pennsylvania, the former of Scotch-Irish descent, born in 1800. His 
 father, who was an active whig in politics, carried on agricultural pursuits in 
 Pennsylvania until his death in 1877. His mother died in 1894. ( . 
 
 During his boyhood and youth, Samuel Rankin remained with his parents 
 in his native state, where he was educated, first in the elementary branches 
 taught in the common schools, and then at DuflFs College, in Pittsburg, Pennsyl- 
 vania, from which institution he was graduated in i86i. This education, al- 
 though much above the average advantages of the youth of his day, did not 
 fully satisfy him and consequently he entered Madison Institute, in Uniontown, 
 Pennsylvania, in order to have specialized training for a profession. At the 
 close of the course he engaged in teaching and followed this calling for a num- 
 ber of years. In 1864 he went to Colorado and there spent some months in 
 military service against the Indians. The following three years he spent at 
 home in Pennsylvania and, in 1867, severed the last close ties that bound him 
 to the scenes of his childhood and came to the middle west, settling in Henry 
 county, Illinois. There he farmed for nine years on rented land and at the end 
 of this period bought a farm of one hundred and sixty acres in Henry county. 
 This remained in his possession for two years, when he sold it and removed 
 to Knox county, buying a farm in Henderson township. He carried on general 
 farming and feeding cattle for market with much success. A few years ago 
 he temporarily retired, turning over the management of the farm to his son, 
 but returned to the same and is now carrying on general farming as before. 
 He owns two hundred and seventy-four acres of land in this county and farms 
 it all. .; --,; .^ . ',-/;;; :' .. i '^'V- ^-'.^j^-iS 
 
 Mr. Rankin was twice married. His first wife was Mary D. Henderson, a 
 daughter of Thomas and Hannah (Dunlap) Henderson. Her father settled in 
 
HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY 
 
 629 
 
 this county in 1855 and in his manhood engaged in farming. He died in 1873 
 and his wife died in 1869. Mrs. Rankin passed to her future reward in the 
 year 1886. She was the mother of five children, one of whom died in infancy. 
 W. F., who is married and living in Cleveland, is a general agent for the Collier's 
 Works. Mary E., the wife of Thomas Marks, resides in St. Louis. Samuel, 
 Jr., married, is a farmer in Orange township, Knox county. Horace A., who 
 is living .in Oklahoma, is married and the father of one child. 
 
 On December 3, 1889, Mr. Rankin was married to Miss Nancy A. Pitman, 
 his present wife, at Henderson. Her parents, Gideon and Mary J. (Champion) 
 Pitman, were old settlers in this county, where her father was a prosperous 
 farmer. By his second marriage Mr. Rankin is the father of one child, Ralph 
 E., living at home with his parents. 
 
 Mr. and Mrs. Rankin worship in the Methodist Episcopal church of Hen- 
 derson. In his political views Mr. Rankin is a republican. He has given much : 
 of his efforts and time to public service and for three terms was supervisor, 
 for two terms assessor, and for two terms highway commissioner. Mr. Rankin 
 is a public-spirited man actively interested in the advancement of the intellectual 
 and social growth of his community. ,:..:/'"' ' 
 
 :> ' V NEWTON MCDOWELL MILROY. >^ ^^^^ ;:: -^ "^ ^ 
 
 Newton McDowell Milroy, who is engaged in farming and stock-raising in v;' 
 Copley township, was born July 27, 1867, on his present homestead, his parents V 
 being Alexander and Janette (McDowell) Milroy. The father came to his - 
 present home in 1848, when a young man, and passed his entire active life upon ; 
 that place until his retirement a few years before his death which occurred in ;/: 
 Oneida on August 26, 1890, when he was sixty-nine years of age. In addition '.. 
 to general farming he also engaged in general stock-raising. Mrs. Milroy was 
 the daughter of John and Elizabeth (McCornack) McDowell and was bom on 
 the 5th of January, 1830. Her death occurred in March, 1908. They were the ' 
 parents of eight children, of whom four survive : John P., a resident of Oneida ; . ; 
 Maggie, who is the wife of N. Nish of Waukee, Iowa ; Jennie, who is the wife ' , 
 of Charles Lansberry, of Iowa ; and Newton M., who is the subject of this ": 
 sketch. Mr. Milroy was a member of the John Knox church in which he took ; 
 an active interest, and was also very active in the republican party. : 
 
 Newton M. Milroy spent his boyhood and youth attending school until eigh- ; 
 teen years of age, and then assisted his father on the home farm until he be- . 
 came of age. After that he farmed independently one hundred and forty acres 
 of land which had been left to him by his father. So successful was this under- , 
 taking that he has since been able to add one hundred and forty acres of land, ^ 
 which adjoin the original farm. Upon this he is spending all his energy and 
 labor. The farm is highly improved and well equipped with all the necessary - 
 buildings and machinery to carry on modern farming. By strict attention to - 
 business and employing modem methods his farming and stock-raising has }': 
 become one of the most profitable undertakings of the kind in the township. 
 
HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY - 
 
 In 1891, Mr. Milroy was married to Sarah Lavina Olmsted, whose birth 
 occurred May 28, 1869, near Altona, and who is the only child of William H. 
 and Lavina (Youngs) Olmsted. Mr. Olmsted was born in Delaware county, 
 New York, and removed to Knox county with his parents in 1856, settling in 
 Victoria, where he spent his active career in farming. However, eighteen years 
 previous to his death which occurred in 1899, he removed to a residence near 
 Victoria. Mrs. Olmsted, whose birth occurred in Victoria in 1841, passed away 
 in 1908, she being the daughter of Benjamin and Sarah (Missmore) Youngs, 
 natives of Ohio, the former born August 23, 1796. Her paternal grandfather, 
 Stephen S. Olmsted was an agriculturist and cabinet-maker, and was married 
 to Clarissa McMorris. His death occurred in 1897. To Mr. and Mrs. Milroy 
 six children have been born : Newton L., whose birth occurred December i8, 
 1891 ; Leslie F., who was born Aug^ist i8, 1893 ; Mary Ethelyn, born November 
 20, 1898; Lavina Jenette, born January 7, 1902; and Marietta Agnes and Bethea 
 Margaret, who were born February 21, 1908, and March 22, 1911, respectively. 
 
 Mr. Milroy gives his political support to the republican party, and although 
 he does not desire the reward of office he has served as school trustee because 
 of his interest in the educational development of his community. Both he and 
 his wife are church members. That Mr. Milroy is a member of a family who 
 have long been landholders in the L'nited States is attested by the fact that 
 he has in his possession a deed of land title signed by President Van Buren in 
 1840, and also one signed by President Tyler. Mr. Milroy is a man of high 
 morals, and it has been a feature of his life to devote much of his time to 
 further the moral and social development of his community, and his high aims 
 and industry have won for him the respect and confidence of his fellow citizens. 
 
 ROBERT DAVISON. 
 
 Among the younger agriculturists of Henderson township Robert Davison 
 .stands out prominently as one who has worked for success along the most pro- 
 gressive lines. He was born in Henderson township, November 26, 1872, and 
 is the son of Joseph and Isabella (Kilgore) Davison, the former a native of 
 England and the latter of Pennsylvania. The father came to America in 1853 
 and almost immediately settled in Knox county, where he spent the remainder 
 of his life, engaging in the shoemaking trade in Knoxville at first and next con- 
 ducting a shoe store in Henderson, in which he had some eight or nine employes 
 at one time. He conducted this business successfully until he began his career 
 as an agriculturist on a farm of forty acres situated west of Hendersonville. 
 This land was the nucleus of the extensive farm of four hundred and fifty 
 acres which he owned at the time of his death, October 27, 1910. His marriage 
 occurred, in 1872, in Henderson township and his wife is still living, her present 
 home being in Watertown. In politics Mr. Davison g^ve his support to the 
 republican party and served as township clerk for many years. He was identi- 
 fied with the Masonic order, belonging to Lodge No. 264, F. & A. M., of 
 Henderson. . ... 
 
::;;:> /;^: HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY ;;:';^ 631 v 
 
 Robert Davison received his education in the common schools and the Nor- .' -;. 
 mal school at Abingdon, Illinois. Returning home after he had completed these - .=^ 
 courses, he assisted his father on the farm until he began his independent career 
 in 1901, on the land which is his present home. This estate of one hundred and 
 fifty acres shows how successful he has been as an agriculturist the land 
 yields abundantly, the buildings are modern and the machinery adequate for:, 
 cultivation according to advanced and scientific methods. In addition to gen- ... 
 eral farming Mr. Davison raises cattle and hogs for the eastern markets. ; 
 
 On November 28, 1901, Robert Davison was united in marriage to Mary ': -. 
 E. Windom, the daughter of William and Mary (Folger) Windom, the former '-v . 
 a native and lifelong resident of Ohio, where for twenty years he was engaged 
 in agricultural pursuits in Monroe county. The mother was also born in Ohio 
 and was a resident of Monroe county for twenty years, before she came to 
 Henderson, where she passed away in 1904. She was one of the eight children 
 of Robert and Nancy (Haines) Folger, natives of New Hampshire county, ;.. 
 Virginia. Mr. and Mrs. Davison are the parents of one child, Joseph E., who 
 is living at home. }'] 
 
 In politics Mr. Davison is a member of the republican party and has served 
 as township collector. He holds membership in the Methodist church of Hen- ,: 
 derson. In both of these relations he is loyal and honorable and his example '. 
 is one which has done much to further the integrity of his fellow citizens. 
 He has earned for himself the name of a thorough and progressive agriculturist 
 and has done much to develop his district and to raise its standard of cultiva- 
 tion and stock-raising. . -.,. ..:,.-,. ,. ... - ^ 
 
 -v;;'';- ;.;;; '\.'.^ :/;,;>-;; WILLARD B. GOFF. /:, .;-^-.,:;^>-->_.>r:^v^; \;.:- 
 
 Willard B. Goff, who resides on a farm of his mother's in Henderson town- ; : 
 ship, is the descendant of a family which has long been connected with;/ 
 agricultural pursuits. His parents, James F. and Mary J. (Baxter) GoflF, the V. V 
 former a native of Kentucky and the latter of Ohio, carried on agricultural pur- 
 suits in Henderson township, Knox county. They had three children : Charles 
 A., deceased; Willard B. Goff, who was born October 15, 1871; and Otis J., ' 
 living in Galesburg. James Goff came to Knox county early in life and resided 
 here almost continuously until his death in 1889. I" 1851 he joined the great 
 number of people going west to the California gold fields and the family still 
 has in its possession the saddle he used when returning. 
 
 Willard B. Goff received his education in the common schools, the Abingdon ' 
 Normal school and Brown's Business College in Galesburg. For the first three 
 or four years after he had completed his education he was employed in a gen- 
 eral store in Little York, Warren county, Illinois, and then went to Chicago 
 and engaged in the commission business for six years. Returning to his father's- 
 farm when he gave up his Chicago business, he immediately took an active part , 
 in farming the home place and has continued it up to the present time. The ^^' 
 farm consists of two hundred acres and is well adapted for raising cattle and 
 hogs and also for general farming. 'y^ .,;;;;:;.-' ' ' ..' :.-.^ :''.-.; ';. : .1\ :' 
 
632 HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY 
 
 ::|<..-;. 
 In February, 1903, Mr. Goff was married to Era Reynolds, the daughter 
 
 of James and Mehitable (Smith) Reynolds. The father, a native of Sugar Grove, 
 Illinois, was engaged in farming in Warren county until his death in 1889. 
 In politics he was a prohibitionist, and in religious faith a member of the United 
 Presbyterian church. Mr. and Mrs. GoflF have one child, Willard Percy, bom 
 December 24, 1906. 
 
 Mr. Goff has proved his ability as an agriculturist by the success he has 
 had in developing the farm he manages and his increasing returns show that a 
 state of cultivation has been reached which could be attained only by careful . 
 application of scientific and progressive methods. He has been engaged in this 
 pursuit for a comparatively few years and yet has had time to establish his -. ; 
 reputation as one of the successful agriculturists of Henderson township. . 
 
 MRS. ELIZA A. COLEMAN. . v- ,V 
 
 Mrs. Eliza A. Coleman, who resides on her farm of one hundred and twenty 
 acres, on section 13 of Victoria township, was bom in Stark county. Illinois, 
 February i6, 1854. She was a daughter of Joseph Kane, who was a native of 
 Beaver county, Pennsylvania, born June 9, 1812, and moved when a small boy 
 with his parents to Ohio, where he was reared and educated. The family later 
 came to Illinois and settled near Canton. In Fulton county, Illinois, in 1833 
 Mr. Kane was united in marriage to Miss Barbara Heckard, who was bom near 
 Baltimore, Maryland, July 2, i8i8, and was' a daughter of John Heckard, a na- 
 tive of that state. The parents resided in Fulton county for several years and 
 then removed to Knox county, where they remained until December, 1858, when 
 they repaired to Victoria township and spent the rest of their lives on the farm 
 now owned by George Patty. The father was engaged in general farming and 
 raised yearly a large number of hogs. He was a democrat in politics and much 
 interested in education, serving many years as school director. He died April 13. 
 1895, and his wife, having preceded him by nearly fourteen years, died June 12, 
 i88i, and they are both buried in West Jersey cemetery. In their family were 
 thirteen children : Mary Ann, Jane, Charlotte, Samuel, John, James, Joseph, 
 George and Miner, all of whom were bom in Fulton county, Illinois ; and Eliza 
 A., William and Rosetta, who were born in Stark county; and an infant child, 
 who was born and died in Knox county. :;- : l.f. .:- 
 
 Eliza A. Kane was five years of age when her parents removed to Victoria 
 township, where she was reared and educated. She was trained to the duties of 
 the household and remained at home with her parents until her marriage, which 
 occurred March 14, i88i. At that date she became the wife of James Cole- 
 man, who was bom in Mercer county, Pennsylvania, December 27, 1830, the 
 son of Samuel Coleman, a native of that state. James Coleman was reared 
 under the parental roof and remained at home until 1858, when he came to 
 Knox county, Illinois, arriving May 30. Shortly afterward he wedded Char- 
 lotte Kane, a sister of Eliza A. (Kane) Coleman. Charlotte (Kane) Coleman, 
 who was a member of the Methodist church at West Jersey, Illinois, died at 
 the age of thirty-nine years and is buried in West Jersey cemetery. She left 
 
MR. AND MRS. J.UIES COLEMAX 
 
632 HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY 
 
 In February, 1903. I\Ir. Goff was married to Fra Reynolds, the daughter 
 of James and Mehitable (Smith) Reynolds. The father, a native of Sugar Grove, 
 Illinois, was engaged in farming in Warren county until his death in 1889. 
 In politics he was a prohibitionist, and in religious faith a member of the United 
 Presbyterian church. Mr. and Mrs. Goff have one child, Willard Percy, born 
 December 24, 1906. 
 
 Mr. Goff has i)rove(l his ability as an agriculturist by the success he has 
 had in developing the farm he manages and his increasing returns show that a 
 state of cultivation has been reached which could be attained only by careful 
 application of scientific and progressive methods. lie has been engaged in this 
 pursuit for a comparatively few years and yet has had time to establish his 
 reputation as one of the successful agriculturists of Henderson township. 
 
 MRS. ELIZA A. COLEMAX. 
 
 Mrs. Eliza A. Coleman, who resides on her farm of one hunrlred and twenty 
 acres, on section 13 of Victoria township, was born in Stark county. Illinois, 
 February i6, 1854. She was a daughter of Joseph Kane, who was a native of 
 Beaver county, Pennsylvania, born June 9, 1812, and moved when a small boy 
 with his parents to Ohio, where he was reared and educated. The family later 
 came to Illinois and settled near Canton. In Fulton county, Illinois, in 1833 
 Mr. Kane was united in marriage to Miss P.arbara ITeckard, who was born near 
 Baltimore, Maryland, July 2, i8i8, and was a daughter of John Ileckard, a na- 
 tive of that state. The parents resided in Fulton county for several years and 
 then removed to Knox county, where they remained until December, 1858, when 
 they repaired to Victoria township and spent the rest of their lives on the farm 
 now owned by George Patty. The father was engaged in general farming and 
 raised yearly a large number of hogs. He was a democrat in politics and much 
 interested in education, serving many years as school director. He died April 13, 
 1895, and his wife, having preceded him by nearly fourteen years, died June 12, 
 i88i, and they are both buried in West Jersey cemetery. In their family were 
 thirteen children : Mary Ann, Jane, Charlotte, Samuel, John, James, Joseph, 
 George and Miner, all of whom were born in Fulton county, Illinois; and Eliza 
 A., William and Kosetta, who were born in Stark county: and an infant child, 
 who was born and dieil in Knox county. 
 
 Eliza .\. Kane was five years of age when her parents removed to \'ictoria 
 township, where she \vas reared and educated. She was trained to the duties of 
 the household and remained at home with her parents until her marriage, which 
 occurred March 14, i88i. At that date she became the wife of James Cole- 
 man, who was born in Mercer county, Pennsylvania, December 27, 1830, the 
 son of Samuel Coleman, a native of that state. James Coleman was reared 
 under the parental roof and remained at home until 1858, when he came to 
 Knox county, Illinois, arriving May 30. Shortly afterward he wedded Char- 
 lotte Kane, a sister of Eliza A, (Kane) Coleman. Charlotte (Kane) Coleman, 
 who was a member of the Methodist church at West Jersey, Illinois, died at 
 the age of thirty-nine years and is buried in West Jersey cemetery. She left ' 
 
MI;. AM) MHS .lA.MKS (OI.KMAN 
 
HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY : 635 
 
 five children, the oldest of whom, a daughter, is now deceased. After their 
 marriage James and Eliza A. (Kane) Coleman lived on the farm on which Mrs. 
 Coleman now resides and there Mr. Coleman was actively engaged in general 
 farming. His business insight, energy and perseverance brought to him a goodly 
 measure of success and Mrs. Coleman is now comfortably situated in life. They 
 were the parents of four children. Qyde, who is a graduate of Toulon Academy 
 and of Williams College at Williamstown, Massachusetts, is now a graduate 
 student in the chemistry department of the University of Chicago. In 1910 he 
 was a teacher in the Military Academy at Culver, Indiana. Francis J. resides 
 at home with his mother and operates the home place. Ada and Susie L, who 
 complete the family, are both living at home. The death of the husband and 
 father occurred on November 20, 1904, and he is buried in West Jersey ceme- 
 tery. His death was deeply regretted by his many friends and was an irreparable 
 loss to his immediate family. He was a republican in politics, a citizen of 
 progressive spirit, who was much interested in all that pertains to the public wel- 
 fare. He gave much attention to the cause of education and served as school 
 director throughout most of the time of his residence in Knox county. He at- 
 tended the Methodist Episcopal church of West Jersey, services of which or- 
 ganization, Mrs. Coleman, who is a lady of many good traits of heart and mind, 
 and whose life is in harmony with her Christian profession, also faithfully 
 attends. She has passed much of her life in Victoria township and has a large 
 circle of friends, in whose regard she stands very high. . ''''"' 
 
 :-;.;':": '' '.:"- ..': '-.''I. .';,:" WILLIAM SNIDER. " -^^-'..v :''/' = '- ; :''r ^:-:^-(_ 
 
 -. 
 
 One of the substantial citizens of Abingdon and of prominent standing in 
 his community is William Snider, whose birth occurred in Clermont county, 
 Ohio, November 4, 1835. His parents, Abraham and Elizabeth (Meyers) Snider, 
 both died of the cholera, in 1849, leaving their son William an orphan at the 
 age of thirteen years. Thrown wholly upon his own resources in the tender 
 years of his youth, he cast about for a suitable occupation. Farming lay nearest 
 at hand, and this he pursued for some little time. He then went to Goshen, 
 where he found employment, dividing his time between farm work and, for a 
 time, work in a cabinet-maker's shop. He continued as a farm hand in the 
 summer and a teamster in the winter months. In 1855 ^^<^ the year following 
 he operated a threshing machine. 
 
 William Snider was married to Miss Angelina C. Harvey of Clermont county 
 near Goshen. Two weeks after their marriage, the bridal couple set out in a 
 wagon overland for Knox county, Illinois, where they began housekeeping and 
 spent the winter. In the spring of the following year Mr. Snider bought a 
 farm in Chestnut township, seven miles southeast of Abingdon. There they 
 lived for seven years. In the spring of 1864 he returned to Abingdon and 
 bought a home on the site where his present residence stands, living there for 
 the following two years. He then bought what is known as the Mound farm, 
 a tract of one hundred and eighty acres, two miles east of Abingdon, where the 
 family lived for another period of two years. In 1868 he yearned again for 
 
: HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY -- > 
 
 the comforts of town life, so he repurchased his former residence and property 
 in Abingdon, living there for a brief period. The year 1869 he spent in the 
 Rocky mountains, and on his return in the spring of 1870 purchased a one 
 hundred and sixty-acre farm, one and one-half miles east of Abingdon, where 
 he built a home, residing there until the spring of 1875. At this time he again 
 repurchased and occupied his former town home. The spacious colonial house 
 in which he is now living was built in 1884 and was the first handsome residence 
 erected in Abingdon. v;;> ' , . ' v- ~\"_. . '-:- i: : >'l' \^ ' .: ' ' 
 
 In business enterprises William Snider has always dealt on a large scale. 
 For more than forty years he was an extensive cattle buyer and shipper, doing 
 the greater part of the cattle shipping of this section. He was, besides, one of 
 the most extensive stock men in Knox county, feeding, on an average, a thou- 
 sand head of sheep, one hundred and fifty head of cattle and between three 
 and four hundred head of hogs annually. As a necessary adjunct to his cattle- 
 breeding industry he invested heavily in farm lands at various times. In 1878, 
 he bought a farm of one hundred and sixty acres and, in 1880, another farm 
 of two hundred and forty acres, both in Indian Point township. These he 
 operated with hired help for a number of years, using the produce of the same 
 for feeding his stock. During this period he also acquired three farms in 
 Iowa. Two of these were in Taylor county, one consisting of two hundred 
 acres and the other of one hundred and forty acres. The third was a tract of 
 two hundred acres in Van Buren county. In 1909, however, he disposed of 
 the last of his farm holdings, having retained his two farms in Indian Point 
 township up to that time. 
 
 To Mr. and Mrs. Snider no children were born. Mr. Snider has always been 
 actively interested in politics and served on the republican county central com- 
 mittee for a period of about sixteen years. Beyond this honor, however, he 
 always consistently refused to consider public preferment of any kind. Since 
 1864 he has been a member of the Abingdon Lodge, No. 184, I. O. O. F. 
 Throughout his life Mr. Snider has met with more than the average degree of 
 success, due to his daring enterprise and his untiring application to his duties. 
 He thinks and acts in large units, but never to the neglect of the important 
 details which are essential in the conduct of every business. In his own com- 
 munity he is highly esteemed and claims many friends, and few men of this 
 vicinity enjoy a wider acquaintance in the adjoining counties. 
 
 CLARK ANDREW MAIN. 
 
 Clark Andrew Main, who is an agriculturist in Walnut Grove township, was 
 born December i8, 1879, upon the farm on which he is now residing. He is 
 the grandson of Peter and Jane (Ferguson) Main, the former having come to 
 America with his three children after the death of his wife in Scotland. After 
 arriving in Chicago they proceeded directly to Knox county, but subsequently 
 went to Minnesota for a short residence before returning to this county, where 
 his death occurred May i, 1878, at the age of sixty-nine. Clark Main is the 
 son of Andrew and Ellen (Moore) Main, the former having been born Decem- 
 
.;;: -. ^; V :v HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY ;'.:'';vv 637 
 
 ber 6, 1846, in Mothler, Ayrshire, Scotland, and the latter in Rio township, on 
 the I3th of March, 1848. Mr. Main arrived in America when he was but seven 
 years of age, and was in Chicago during the time of the cholera epidemic, which 
 caused the death of his only sister. Mrs. Main was the daughter of Lyman K. 
 and Mary S. (Woodman) Moore, the former a native of New York state and 
 the latter of Massachusetts. The paternal grandfather, Holland Moore, of New 
 York, was married to Sarah Kendall. Mr. and Mrs. Lyman Moore came west 
 early in life and located in Rio township, where they were engaged in agri- 
 cultural pursuits until their death, Mr. Moore passing away in 1885 at the age 
 of seventy-one years and his wife dying the same year. -Mr. and Mrs. Main 
 were the parents of three children : J. Edwin, who is an agriculturist residing at 
 Altona; Kate, who is married to Walter D. McMasters, a resident farmer of 
 Walnut Grove township; and Clark A., the subject of this sketch. 
 - Mr. Main never took an active part in politics but was a prominent member 
 of the Presbyterian church in Altona. 
 
 Clark Main's boyhood and youth were spent in a way common to the youth 
 born and reared on the farms in the Mississippi valley. After laying aside his 
 text-books at an early age, he took up farming upon his father's farm, and 
 there gained his first experience in the occupation he was to follow throughout 
 his active career. After his father's death he took full charge of the home- 
 stead, and showed his early training had given him the ability to execute the 
 work which was entrusted to him. In addition to general farming he also en- 
 gaged in stock-raising. 
 
 Mr. Main was married on the i8th of January, 1905, to Kate Rhodes, whose 
 birth occurred February 12, 1883, and who is the daughter of Mr. and Mrs 
 E. B. Rhodes. Her grandparents were Edwin R. and Sarah (Bartlett) Rhodes. 
 E. B. Rhodes is a resident of Mason City, Iowa, and was married to Mary L. 
 Epperson, whose death occurred in 1884, when she was twenty-one years of 
 age. She was the daughter of William D. and Mary Jane (Westfall) Epper- 
 son, originally of Madison county, Kentucky, but who were residents of Knox 
 county after 1836. :.;;..:';. v : / .^^''^- ' ' 
 
 In politics 'Mr. Main gives his support to the republican party, but has never 
 sought office as a reward for party fealty. In religious faith he is a member of 
 the Presbyterian church of Altona, and lives in accordance with its teachings. 
 By his devotion to his farm and by his life, which has been spent in accordance 
 with the hiehest ideals of citizenship, he has won for himself the respect and 
 esteem of all. 
 
 ^ . JUNK. ,;:V -'.,.- '> H^'S -v^:'^-;^ ';-,; 
 
 John Junk, an octogenarian living in peaceful retirement in Henderson town- 
 ship, Knox county, was formerly closely associated with the agricultural in- 
 terests of this locality. Born in Fayette county, Pennsylvania, May 6, 1827, he 
 was a son of James and Elizabeth (Lincoln) Junk. On his paternal side he 
 was of German descent, his grandfather having been born in Germany and 
 
638 HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY 
 
 settled in New Jersey on coming to this country, in the middle of the eighteenth 
 century. From there he went to Pennsylvania, in 1765, where he engaged in 
 farming on a large scale, owning over two hundred acres of land. There his 
 son James, the father of the subject of this sketch, was born. On coming of 
 age James Junk engaged in agriculture, the calling which he followed through- 
 out his life. His death occurred in 1877. Mrs. Junk, the mother of John, was 
 a relative of Abraham Lincoln. 
 
 In the days when John Junk was a boy, the advantages of schooling were 
 meager indeed, he was, however, given the best education that the limited oppor- 
 tunities of his remote rural locality afforded, which was at that time a sub- 
 scription or private school presided over by a curiously interesting Irish school- 
 master. When grown to manhood John Junk learned the carpenter and mill- 
 wright trades. He came west and settled in Galesburg, Illinois, in 1855. There 
 he was about to enter upon a business career with G. W. Brown, who had a 
 corn-planter factory, but he had no sooner begun his new work than he was 
 given a contract from ex-Governor McMurtry to work on the new buildings 
 which he was erecting on his farm. Next he built a schoolhouse and thereafter 
 other contracts followed, so that he never lacked employment in carpentering. 
 He worked as an artisan three or four years when his wife, disliking his long 
 absences from home since his work often took him to distant parts of the 
 county, prevailed upon him to settle on a farm and cultivate the soil. Accord- 
 ingly he commenced farming. In 1865, he bought the farm in Henderson town- 
 ship which he still owns but which his son is managing for him. It is a very 
 fine tract of land comprising four hundred and thirty acres. His son is con- 
 tinuing the work in which he was so successful, that is, general farming and 
 stock-raising. He also made a specialty of breeding shorthorn cattle, for which 
 he won a considerable reputation. 
 
 On November 28, 1855, John Junk was united in marriage to Miss Eliza- 
 beth Robertson, a daughter of Alexander and Narcissa (Ferguson) Robertson, 
 pioneers of Knox county, who settled here in 1828 when her father purchased a 
 farm. Mr. and Mrs. John Junk are the parents of one child, Alexander, who 
 lives at home and operates his father's farm. Mr. Junk gives his political 
 sympathies to the democratic party. He has at different times served as super- 
 visor, assessor, road commissioner and as town clerk. Now, within sight of 
 the fields that have grown very dear to him through the passing years, Mr. 
 Junk is living in comfort, looking back upon his life with the calm serenity of 
 one who has performed his duty well. 
 
 ;;=i^y ; DAVID WOOLSEY. ^,: .; ?:;; ' 
 
 j- ' .- ' " .-. ' . '*, ', V" *.- ' ' . - ' 
 
 '-. ' ... -, ,_.,^ -, .; . . ^ 
 
 Like a patriarch of old, David Woolsey, who is in his eighty-fourth year, 
 presides at the head of a family of eight children and thirty-three grandchildren, 
 but unlike his forefathers of Biblical days he governs them only in spirit and by 
 the noble example of his own life. David Woolsey's residence in Knox county 
 covers a period of sixty-three years, and for the past forty-six years he has 
 lived on his present farm of three hundred acres on section 13 in Haw Creek 
 
638 HISTORY OF KXOX COUNTY 
 
 settled in New Jersey on coming to this country, in the middle of the eighteenth 
 century. From there he went to Pennsylvania, in 1765, where he engaged in 
 farming on a large scale, owning over two hundred acres of land. There his 
 son James, the father of the suhject of this sketch, was horn. On coming of 
 age James Junk engaged in agriculture, the calling which he followed through- 
 out his life. His death occurred in 18/7. Mrs. Junk, the mother of John, was 
 a relative of Ahraham Lincoln. 
 
 In the days when John Junk was a hoy. the advantages of schooling were 
 meager indeed, he was. however, given the hest education that the limited oppor- 
 tunities of his remote rural locality afforded, which was at that time a suh- 
 scription or private school presided over by a curiously interesting Irish school- 
 master. When grown to manhood John Junk learned the carpenter and mill- 
 wright trades. lie came west and settled in Galesburg, Illinois, in 1855. There 
 he was about to enter upon a business career with G. W. Brown, who had a 
 corn-planter factory, but he had no sooner begun his new work than he was 
 given a contract from ex-Governor McMurtry to work on the new buildings 
 which he was erecting on his farm. Next he built a schoolhouse and thereafter 
 other contracts followed, so that he never lacked employment in carpentering. 
 He worked as an artisan three or four years when his wife, disliking his long 
 absences from home since his work often took him to distant parts of the 
 county. i)revaile<l upon him to settle on a farm and cultivate the soil. .Accord- 
 ingly he commenced fanning. In 1865. he bought the farm in Henderson town- 
 ship which he still owns but which his son is managing for him. It is a very 
 fine tract of land comprising four hundred and thirty acres. His son is con- 
 tinuing the work in which he was so successful, that is. general farming and 
 stock-raising. He also made a specialty of breeding shorthorn cattle, for which 
 he won a considerable rejiutation. 
 
 On November 28. 1855, John Junk was united in marriage to Miss Eliza- 
 beth Robertson, a daughter of .Alexander and Narcissa (Ferguson) Robertson, 
 pioneers of Knox county, who settled here in 1828 w-hen her father purchased a 
 farm. Mr. and Mrs. John Junk are the parents of one child, Alexander, who 
 lives at home and operates his father's farm. Mr. Junk gives his political 
 sympathies to the democratic party. He has at different times served as super- 
 visor, assessor, road commissioner and as town clerk. Now, within sight of 
 the fields that have grown very dear to him through the passing years. Mr. 
 Junk is living in comfort, looking back upon his life with the calm serenity of 
 one who has performed his duty well. 
 
 :: ' D.UID \VOOLSEY. 
 
 T.ike a patriarch of old. David \Voolsey. who is in his eightv-fourth year, 
 presides at the head of a family of eight children and thirty-three grandchildren. 
 but unlike his forefathers of Biblical days he governs them only in spirit and by 
 the noble example of his own life. David Woolsey's residence in Knox county 
 covers a period of sixty-three years, and for the past forty-six years he has 
 lived on his present farm of three hundred acres on section 13 in Ha\v Creek 
 
. ., JV; ' V^ ^ HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY 'v'; 641 
 
 -;'; township. His grandfather, William Woolsey, remained a resident of his native 
 state, New York, until middle life, when he removed his family to Sandusky. 
 Plains, Ohio, where he lived until his death at the age of about eighty years, 
 his wife departing this life at an earlier date. His father, Hezekiah Woolsey, 
 . was born and brought up in Ulster county. New York, and was there married 
 to Miss Hannah Cutler, likewise a native of Ulster county, where her father, 
 David Cutler, was born. During Mr. and Mrs. Hezekiah Woolsey's residence 
 in Ulster county. New York, two children came to gladden their home, a son 
 named William, who died in Pennsylvania at the age of eight years, and David 
 Woolsey, born January 3, 18^8. The family then removed to Pennsylvania, 
 '' following Mrs. Woolsey's father thither, and lived there a year during which 
 ., time their daughter Elizabeth was born. She is the wife of Daniel McHenry 
 of the state of Washington and has five children. At the end of their year's 
 residence in Pennsylvania the family left that state for Sandusky Plains, Ohio, 
 . . where the parents remained until their death. There the following children 
 I were born: Sarah Jane, deceased, the wife of Stephen Longnell; Martha, de- 
 : ceased, the wife of William Talent; Mary, deceased; Walter, deceased, a former 
 ' .' resident of Knox county, married to a Miss Leighbarger ; Isaac, deceased, also 
 a former resident of Knox county, living at Gilson; Silas residing in the state 
 of Washington ; and two children, a girl and a boy, who died in infancy. Mr. and 
 Mrs. Hezekiah Woolsey were members of the Methodist Episcopal church, the 
 .' former dying in Ohio at the age of sixty years and the latter in Knox county, 
 Illinois, at the age of fifty-six years. .,..- ' >' 
 
 David Woolsey obtained his education in Ohio and when twenty years of 
 age came to Knox county, Illinois, having a capital of ninety dollars on which 
 to make his start in life. After living here five years he returned to Ohio with 
 a team, in order to bring his widowed mother to live with him in Knox county. 
 Soon after this he was married and settled on a farm which he rented in 
 Maquon township, continuing in the cultivation of this land and in performing 
 job contracts for his neighbors for ten years, removing thereafter to a farm 
 which he rented in Haw Creek township. In the spring of 1865 he bought with 
 the money he had laboriously saved up to this time the farm on which he now 
 lives retired, and which he bought of Jacob Wolf. He moved onto the new 
 place on April 5th, at which time the house was not yet completed nor a single 
 fence was up. Undaunted in his determination not to lose the opportunity of 
 the first year's harvest he set about the task of doing his spring sowing while 
 attempting to finish his home, to build the necessary farm buildings and to put 
 up the fences. He was successful in this ambitious undertaking and when the 
 summer crops were gathered, was richly rewarded with an abundant yield, being 
 obliged to hire help for only five days 'during that time. He devoted himself 
 to general cultivation of the soil and to stock-raising for shipment and from 
 time to time added to his holdings by further purchases until he became the 
 owner of more than a section of land. This he has since largely divided among 
 his children keeping the title to three hundred acres of land and residing there 
 while it is being operated by several of his sons. He was likewise a stock- 
 holder in the Maquon National Bank but has transferred his bank stock to his 
 wife, who is now the owner of it. 
 
642 HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY '^ "^ " . 
 
 Mr. David Woolsey was united in marriage to Miss Elizabeth Frye, a native 
 of Ohio, who died in Maquon township at the age of thirty-five years. To this 
 marriage were born three children, Leta, William and one who died in infancy. 
 
 Mr. Woolsey was ngain married, in 1856, his second union being with Miss 
 Mildred Logan, a native of Virginia and a daughter of Alexander Logan. Of 
 this union there were born ten children, five of whom are living. They are: 
 Alva, residing in Haw Creek township, who is married to Flora Hall and has 
 four children. Myrtle, ^label, and twins, Carter and Chester ; Lenora, the 
 widow of William Chase, who resides in Haw Creek township and has four 
 living children, Nina, Doris, Wayne and Paul ; Julia, the wife of Milton Sher- 
 man, residing in Oklahoma, who has six children, Harold, Everett, Clyde, Mil- 
 dred, Carl and Mabel ; Charles, operating his father's farm, who is married to 
 Bell Phillips and has three children, Lloyd, Percy and Opal ; and Clyde, sharing 
 the management of the homestead farm with his brother Charles, who is married 
 to Lulu Phillips and has two children, Mabel and Ethel. The deceased children 
 are : Alonza, who died when two years of age ; Arzella, who passed away in 
 January, 1912, and was the wife of Frank Nelson, residing in Elba township, 
 leaving five children, Floyd, Blanche, Warren, Russell and Selma ; Louisa, who 
 died at the age of seven months ; William, who was married to Nora Taylor, 
 and had two sons, Harley and Taylor ; and Deborah, who died at the age of 
 twenty years. . .'/";';..:--;.' . .:^^ --.;', ':'T.--'':- 
 
 Mr. and Mrs. David Woolsey belong to the United Brethren church. Fra- 
 ternally Mr. Woolsey is connected with the Odd Fellows, of Maquon. Since 
 the origin of the republican party he has been one of their loyal followers, sup- 
 porting their men and measures and the principles for which they stand, but he 
 has always declined the honor of public office, knowing that his time belonged 
 to his family and to the perplexing problems involved in the management of a 
 large estate. This single-minded devotion to his duties and to the goal which 
 he set himself at the outset of his career has been richly rewarded, so that he is 
 now numbered among the substantial men of Knox county who have built their 
 fortune by arduous labor, keen judgment and careful management. 
 
 ^ :::''---: CHARLES E. WEECH. : ./;;:. ^'v 
 
 :;; :'' -^^ '''---' ' ' ' ' ' -"' '^"- r' 
 
 Charles E. Weech, who is a farmer residing in Walnut Grove township, was 
 born in Knox county, on the I3th of June, 1869. He is a son of Joseph S. 
 and Nancy E. (Cox) Weech, the former a native of Somersetshire, England, 
 and the latter of Knoxville, Illinois. The father was a son of Joseph and 
 Martha (White) Weech, the former of whom died in 1871, at the age of fifty- 
 seven years. Joseph Weech left England with his wife and ten children, in 
 1859, and at once settled in Oneida, Illinois. Later he purchased the present 
 Weech homestead and until the end of his active career engaged in farming. 
 Mrs. Weech's parents were also natives of England ; her death occurred in 
 1892, at the age of seventy-seven years. The great-grandfather of our subject, 
 Stephen Weech, was also an agriculturist and his death occurred in 1846, at the 
 age of eighty-five years, his wife passing away at the age of eighty-seven. 
 
V :..;<:;-:; HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY : ^ '- f;;r . , 643 ; V:; 
 
 Joseph S. Weech, the father of our subject, was born January i6, 1842, and 
 came with his parents to the new world in 1859. Here he engaged in farming . 
 at home until he was twenty-four years of age but after his marriage, at that .- . 
 time, he purchased a small farm of forty acres in Walnut Grove township, . 
 
 ^ which he cultivated for three years before disposing of it and purchasing the 
 property upon which the homestead now stands. At this time the place com- . , 
 prised eighty acres and was the property of a brother before Joseph S. Weech 
 acquired title thereto. Since 1901 he has been living retired. He was married '. 
 to Nancy E. Cox, whose birth occurred in Knoxville and who is sixty-seven ; ; 
 years of age. Her parents, David and Hannah (Wooley) Cox, are among the ' 
 
 oldest settlers of the county. To Mr. and Mrs. Joseph S. Weech ten children - 
 were born: Charles, the subject of this sketch; Rosa, residing at home; Alice, . 
 
 the wife of E. Fudge; Ida May, who is married to Amos Beard, of Jefferson 
 county, Illinois; Joseph, who is wedded to Emma Fuchs and is residing in - .' 
 Walnut Grove township; Martha, who is living at home; Nora, who is the wife . 
 
 of Arthur Reece, of Walnut Grove township ; Arthur, who married Mabel ; 
 White and is a resident of Idaho; Winnie, who is the wife of Enos Devore, and - ' 
 is residing in Cass county, Iowa; and Etta, living at home. Joseph S. Weech 
 is a member of the Methodist church of Oneida, which he has supported by his - 
 
 liberal donations both at the time of the erection of its new building and annu- 
 ally toward its current expenses and he has held the office of township road . ':: 
 commissioner for several terms. -'^. .. {:? . ' ...".'' . 
 
 As a boy Charles E. Weech left school when but twelve years of age and j 
 
 began working on his father's farm, on which he continued until he was twenty- ' 
 one years of age, after which he farmed on the Joseph Weech property for six - 
 
 years and then, in 1895, removed to his present home, where he has engaged in : 
 
 general farming and stock-raising ever since. His success in this undertaking ' . 
 is due to the untiring energy and persistent labor which he has displayed in 
 cultivating the property. His farm comprises eighty acres in Knox county, and i 
 he also owns two hundred and forty acres in Canada. V 
 
 On the I2th of December, 1889, Charles E. Weech was married to Miss ^ 
 
 Anna May Davey, a daughter of Edwin Procter and Emily H. (Wagner) - 
 
 Davey, the former a native of Somerset, Somersetshire, England, bom March . 
 
 8, 1828, and the latter of Norwich, New York state. Mrs. Charles E. Weech ; 
 was born on the 3Oth of September, 1870, in Walnut Grove township. Her ..::/, 
 father came to America as a young man and located at once in Knox county, 
 where he devoted his life to agricultural pursuits, dying at Oneida when seventy 
 years of age. Mrs. Davey, whose birth occurred June ii, 1844, a daughter of : . 
 J. H. and Amanda (Walworth) Wagner, the family being of German descent, . { 
 
 passed away August 22, 1899, when fifty-five years of age. Her great-grand- . 
 father, Wagner, served in the Mexican war and Thomas Davey, her grand- > ' . 
 father on the paternal side, was a native of England, as was his father, Samuel .f 
 Davey. Mrs. Charles E. Weech was one of four children, the others being: 
 Nellie, the wife of J. Sheffield, of Campbell, Nebraska; Emma, who is married ; . 
 to George Sloan, a resident of North Dakota; and George Thomas, of Yates , ; .; 
 City. To Mr. and Mrs. Weech seven children have been born: Ethel, who '' . 
 died at the age of five years; Eva Adelia, who is nineteen years of age and is \ -; 
 teaching school; and Florence, Charles Edward, Hazel Leonora, Clarence Davey ; ' . 
 
644 HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY '"^ /T 
 
 and Fern Martha, who are seventeen, fifteen, twelve, eight and six years of 
 age, respectively, and are all residing at home. 
 
 Mr. Weech gives his political support to the republican party and has served 
 as school director for twenty-two years. He holds membership in the Modern 
 Woodmen of America of Oneida. He is a lifelong resident of Knox county 
 and because of his success in his agricultural pursuits he has become one of its 
 well known and much respected citizens. 
 
 i / ''' ' : WILLIAM MAIN.-,.. ;:' -^:;^,--'jV; :-,,-; 
 
 ;-- ' '' .": '.'. .'' . :- ''^''\ '''"':. '''':'' 
 
 William Main, who is now living retired in Altona, has been closely identi- 
 fied with the agricultural development of Knox county. He is one of the sturdy 
 and thrifty natives of Scotland whose natural characteristics so well fitted them 
 to achieve successful careers in the west, and although his life record is not 
 marked by exciting events, there is in his history much that is worthy of con- 
 templation and of emulation, for he has ever been loyal to duty, discharging 
 faithfully the tasks that come daily to his hand. He was born May 12, 1844, 
 in Blackhill on the banks of the Ayr river in Ayrshire, Scotland, and is the son 
 of Peter and Jane (Ferguson) Main and grandson of Peter and Elizabeth 
 (McKuan) Main, agriculturists who originally come from the Scotch High- 
 lands. The father, whose birth occurred in Galloway, Scotland, in 1809, came 
 to the United States in 1855, going directly to Chicago, where occurred the 
 death of one of his daughters who had contracted cholera. After a brief stay 
 in that city he removed to Millers Station and subsequently settled in Oneida. 
 where he worked by the month until 1857. In that year he removed to Minne- 
 sota, but in the fall of 1857 returned to Oneida, and for the next eight years 
 was engaged in agricultural pursuits in Copley township. In this he met with 
 a good measure of success but retired to the home of his son, where on May i, 
 1878, his death occurred. His wife died in Scotland in 1848 at the age of 
 twenty-eight years. Of his family of three children William Main, the subject 
 of this sketch, is the only surviving member. He was a member of the Presby- 
 terian church, and lived in accordance with its teachings. , ) - . : 
 
 William Main spent his early years attending the common schools until he 
 reached the age of twelve years. At that time he began active labor and did a 
 man's work on a farm, hiring out for board and clothes. Subsequently, as he 
 became more proficient, he earned ten dollars a month, and after working for 
 two years, he enlisted in Ontario township, in 1862, at the age of eighteen years, 
 in Company I, One Hundred and Second Illinois Infantry, under the command 
 of Captain F. C. Smith. Mr. Main has a wonderful war record and served in 
 the Western army under Sherman and Gordon Granger for three years, and 
 later under Sherman in the Atlanta campaign. He participated in the battles 
 from Chattanooga to Atlanta but was never wounded and, more remarkable 
 yet, never attended sick call. He accompanied Sherman on his march to the 
 sea, in which the hardships incident to fighting were even more bearable than 
 those caused by the swamps to be passed. On the 6th of March, 1865, he was 
 mustered out, marching through Washington in the grand review. He imme- 
 
HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY 
 
 645 
 
 ' :, :. diately returned home and hired out on a farm until, in partnership with his 
 
 ,: : : brother, he rented land and began farming independently for two years, at the 
 
 . ; 1 , end of which period they were able to purchase a tract of their own. Since 
 
 , that time his life has been devoted to agricultural pursuits until his retirement 
 
 -'/ , . in 1909, when he removed to Altona. After 1873 he purchased the farm which 
 
 .- : .'. his son now occupies, and devoted over thirty-five years to its cultivation. In 
 
 , V. ;' this undertaking he displayed many of the characteristics of the Scotch, thrift, 
 
 . ; perseverance and energy. He has always been recognized as one of the leading 
 
 '- business men of his community, and his ability as such has been clearly seen 
 
 .: in his service as director of the Altona Bank. 
 
 - In 1873 Mr. Main was married to Anna Andrews, whose birth occurred 
 ,- . March 15, 1849, '" Ayrshire, Scotland, and who was a daughter of Hugh and 
 
 ;. ; Margaret (Wilson) Andrews. The former passed away in 1878 at the age of 
 
 . - sixty-one years, and the latter, who was the daughter of John and Anna Wilson, 
 
 ; died in 1892 at the age of seventy-five years. Mr. Andrews came to Knox 
 
 -. ' . county in 1855 and resided on a farm which was situated in Ontario and Walnut 
 
 Grove townships during the remainder of his life. Mrs. Main was one of five 
 
 children born to her parents, the others being: John Andrews, a stock buyer 
 , :. of Altona; Thomas Andrews, an agriculturist; Grace, who is the wife of 
 
 Thomas Hobbs, a farmer; and Mary, who died in 1880 at the age of twenty- 
 
 : : .; one years. To Mr. and Mrs. Main three children have been born: Thomas P., 
 
 ; :. -who is residing on the old homestead and is married to Patience Jarman and 
 
 . has one child, Clara; May, who is the wife of J. E. Hubble of Philadelphia, 
 
 . - and has two children, Mary and John; and Jennie S., who became the wife of 
 
 ; A. Johnson of Galesburg and has three children, Erwin, Helen and Robert. 
 
 .;'... Mr. Main has always enjoyed excellent health and is a remarkably young- 
 
 'V : looking man. He gives his political support to the republican party. He has 
 
 ^ ; served as road commissioner for many years and has also been an active member 
 
 ;;;:,. of the school board. Both Mr. and Mrs. Main hold membership in the Presby- 
 
 terian church and she is active in the Ladies' Social Union and the Missionary 
 
 Society of that church and also holds membership in the county kindergarten 
 
 -;; .. board. Throughout their community Mr. and Mrs. Main are held in high 
 
 esteem and regard by all who know them and are numbered among Altona's 
 
 '':.- most representative and worthy citizens. 
 
 - - JOHN EMERY McMASTER. ^\-^^ ;'/-" 
 
 John Emery McMaster, who owns and operates a farm in Walnut Grove town- 
 ship, Knox county, was born in that township on the 6th of August, 1873, his 
 parents being Mr. and Mrs. John McMaster of Altona, of whom a sketch appears 
 elsewhere in this volume. ^^ .''"' .:t 
 
 John E. ]\IcMaster spent his early days at home attending school and assisting 
 his father on the farm, but in 1898 he started upon his independent career and on 
 September 8 of that year was engaged as fireman by the Chicago & North Western 
 Railway and subsequently in 1903 passed the examinations qualifying him to 
 act as engineer on that railroad, he being one of the five that passed their tests 
 
646 HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY 
 
 with credits of one hundred per cent, chosen out of two hundred and fifty appH- 
 ; , cants. During the next three years he was thus employed but at the end of that 
 time he entered upon agricultural pursuits and for the past five years has been 
 engaged in farming and stock-raising, meeting with the success which his per- 
 sistency, industry and progressiveness merit. 
 
 On April 20, 1903, ]Mr. McMaster was married to Miss Minerva Locke, 
 
 whose birth occurred August 17, 1879, in Jewell county, Kansas, and who is a 
 
 daughter of Clinton and Nettie (Clark) Locke, the former a native of Davis 
 
 county, Iowa, where he was born in 1851. He was a son of John and Mary 
 
 (Miller) Locke, the former coming to America when he was twelve years of age 
 
 and settling near Nashville, Tennessee. Later he removed to North Carolina 
 
 and his death occurred when he was ninety years of age. Mrs. Locke died in 
 
 1898, at the age of eighty-four years. Mrs. Clinton Locke was born March 6, 
 
 : 1855, in Sacramento, California, her parents being Frank and Catherine (Van- 
 
 / derford) Gark. the former having been engaged in the mercantile business. 
 
 ; The Clark family settled in California in 1852 but later removed to Iowa, where 
 
 ; the father died January 17, 1866, at the age of forty-four years, the mother still 
 
 : residing in Swan, Marion county. When Mr. Clark crossed the plains from 
 
 . . Red Rock, Iowa, he was one of a family of fifteen, who were making the journey. 
 
 ; It took them five months to reach the coast and the entire trip was fraught with 
 
 -, many dangers, the Indians met en route being particularly hostile. To Mr. and 
 
 Mrs. Clinton Locke four children were born, namely : Floyd, a resident of 
 
 Clinton, Iowa ; John, who is living in Reno, Nevada ; Mrs. Minerva McMaster ; 
 
 : and Rea, of Rock Island. After finishing school Mrs. McMaster was employed 
 
 in a clerical position until her marriage. To Mr. and Mrs. McMaster two chil- 
 
 dren have been born : Lola Mae, who is seven years of age ; and Bequerth, who 
 
 is five years of age. 
 
 In politics Mr. McMaster is a republican although he has never sought or 
 . . desired the honors or emoluments of office. He holds membership in Lodge 
 
 No. 330, A. F. & A. M.. of Altona, Illinois, and both he and his wife belong to 
 
 . the Baptist church of Boone, Iowa. Mr. McMaster has always been a resident 
 
 V of the county and has given practically his whole attention to farming, today 
 
 ;. being recognized as one of Walnut Grove township's progressive and able 
 
 agriculturists. :., . ., : . ...^ -.,_-.<... "-^ 
 
 .';;v,;V.^ ; .^.- ELIAS C. CALL. v',-;r;;:^ :,/': '. 
 
 Elias C. Call, who is now living retired in Altona, Knox county, was born in 
 Rutland county, Vermont, on the 22d of June, 1835, his parents being Osman 
 and Olive (Clark) Call. His grandfather, Isaiah Call, was the first member of 
 the family to leave his native state and locate in this county. He came here at 
 the time the Mormons had extensive settlements in this locality. After settling 
 in Walnut Grove township he devoted his entire life to agricultural pursuits 
 and the brickmaking trade, he being the first brickmaker in this county. Osman 
 Call was born at Woodstock. Vermont, in 1808, and followed the brickmaker's 
 trade until he removed to Illinois in January, 1855, and settled in Knox county. 
 
MR. AND MRS. ELIAS C. CALL 
 
HISTORY OF KXOX COUXTY 
 
 with credits of one huiKlred ]>er cent, chosen out of two hundred and fifty appli- 
 cants. During the next three years he was tlnis em])loyecl hut at the end of that 
 time he entered U])on agricultural i)ursuits and for the past five years has heen 
 engaged in farming and stock-raising, meeting with the success which his per- 
 sistency, industry and ])n)gressivencss merit. 
 
 On A])ril 20. 1<;O3. Mr. .McMaster was married to Miss Minerva Locke. 
 whose hirth occurred August 17. 1879. in Jewell county, Kansas, and who is a 
 (laughter of Clintun and Xettie (Clark) Locke, the former a native of Davis 
 county. Iowa, where he was horn in 1851. He was a son of John and Mary 
 (Miller) Locke, the former coming to America when he was twelve years of age 
 and settling near Xashville. Tennessee. Later he removed to Xorth Carolina 
 and his death occurred when he was ninety years of age. Mrs. Locke died in 
 i8<j8. at the age of eighty-four years. Mrs. Clinton Locke was Ixirn March 6, 
 1855. in Sacramento. California, her ])arents l)eing Frank and Catherine (A'an- 
 derford ) C'lark. tlic former having heen engaged in the mercantile husiness. 
 The Clark familv settle<l in C'alifornia in 1832 hut later removed to Iowa, where 
 the fatlier <lie(l January 17. bSr/), at the age of forty-four years, the mother still 
 residing in Swan. Marion county. \\'hen Mr. Clark crossed the jilains from 
 Red Rock. Iowa, he was one of a family of fifteen, who were making the journey. 
 It took tliem five montlis to reach the coast and the entire trij) was frauglit with 
 many dangers, the linlians met en route heing particularly hostile. To Mr. and 
 Mrs. Clinton Locke four children were horn, namely: I'loyd. a resident of 
 Clinton. Iowa: John, who is living in Keno. Xevada : Mrs. Minerva McMaster; 
 and Rea. of Rock Island. After finishing school .Mrs. McMaster was employed 
 in a clerical position until lier marriage. To Mr. and Mrs. McMaster two chil- 
 dren have heen horn: Lola Mae. who is seven years of age; and liecjuerth. who 
 is five years of age. 
 
 In politics Mr. McMaster is a rei)uhlican although he has never sought or 
 <lesired the honor.- or emoluments of office, lie holds memhership in Lodge 
 ^''>- 330- -^^ I'- "i^' \- ^f" "^ Altona. Illinois, and hoth he and his wife helong to 
 the llaptist cluirch of I'.oone. Iowa. Mr. McMa-ter has always heen a resident 
 of the ccnuity and has given practically his whole attention to farming, today 
 being recognized as one of \\'alnut Grove township's jjrogressive and al)le 
 agriculturists. . 
 
 FLIAS C. C.XLL. 
 
 Elias C. Call, who is now living retired in .\ltona. Knox county, was horn in 
 Rutland county. X'ermont. on the 22(1 of June. i8_^5. his i)arents heing f^sman 
 and Olive (Clark) Call. His grandfather. Isaiah Call, was the first memher of 
 the family to leave his native state and locate in this county. He came here at 
 the time the Mormons had e.xtensive settlements in this locality. After settling 
 in Walnut Cirove township he devoted his entire life to agricultural pursuits 
 and the hrickmaking trade, he heing the first hrickmaker in this county. Osman 
 Call was horn at Woodstock. \'ennont. in 1808. and followed the hrickmaker's 
 trade until he removed to Illinois in January. 1855, and settled in Knox county. 
 
.MIJ. AM) .Mils. KIJAS f. CALL 
 
,:?^':;ff; ;^; -^^^ HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY ^ - .. 647 
 
 f: V. Later in life he became an authority on arithmetic and was the author of a well 
 : -. known text-book on that subject. Mrs. Call was a daughter of J. Clark, a 
 '%; native of England, and her death occurred in Altona in 1895, at the age of 
 : .V eighty-five years and six months. Of this union three children survive: Elias, 
 ;> the subject of this review; Roenna Seymore, who is residing in Indianapolis, 
 ,; Indiana; and Loyal, who is living in California and who served in the Civil war. 
 ,-. Elias C. Call received his early education in the common schools, after 
 ':'.'' which he accepted employment by the month on various farms and subsequently 
 .worked in a sawmill in New York state previous to coming to Altona in 1854. 
 On the 22d of April, i86i, he enlisted for service in the Civil war, joining 
 ; Company F of the Twenty-second New York Infantry under Colonel Phelps, 
 ";' - serving in the Army of the Potomac near Washington. Because of severe illness 
 V . contracted during the service he was mustered out in 1863, the same year in 
 '; which his brother, who served in the Chicago Battery of Artillery, was made a 
 prisoner at Andersonville. After Elias Call's honorable discharge he went to 
 New York state and was again employed for a short time in a sawmill, but in 
 1864 he removed to Altona, making the trip by way of Canada. From that 
 time he engaged in agricultural pursuits and, although he is now living retired, 
 he still manifests an active interest in the farming problems of the county. In 
 the cultivation of his property he met with the success which is usually gained 
 in this rich agricultural district by the farmer who shows persistent and un- 
 remitting energy and who is willing to engage in constant labor. 
 
 Mr. Call has been twice married. His first union was to Miss Olive Haines, 
 and to them two sons were born : William H., who is a teacher in Utah ; and 
 Charles W., who is residing in Hubert, Crow Wing county, Minnesota. . Mr. 
 Call's second union was to Mrs. Mary Huntly White, who was the widow of 
 Peter White and whose birth occurred in 1836 in McConnellsville, Pennsylvania. 
 Mrs. Call is the mother of two children by her first husband, Joseph Stillwagon, 
 namely, Alice Stillwagon and Elizabeth Stillwagon. Of her union to Peter 
 White there were born eight children, Sadie, George, Levi, Henry, Ida, Mary, 
 Delia and David. ' ;; ; '/'/;^- ' ' - - 
 
 Without desire for office as a reward for party fealty Mr. Call gives his 
 unfaltering allegiance to the democratic party. He was a representative farmer 
 and by his application and sturdy character has gained many friends, and he 
 and his wife are held in high regard by all who claim the honor of their 
 acquaintance. ,.,- .-:.:;>.. ;, ^ n..--: ..:;-\ .\ ..-^,- -. ^:- .--i y,--.*..^ ;,--. 
 
 .::;;--'';:-;v,^; ;:': ..;.-;.' HON. EDWARD J. KING. ' . . ' :'':-'.:";:. 
 
 In legislative service, to which he has three times been called by popular s 
 frage, and in the practice of law Hon. Edward J. King has given evidence of 
 strong mentality, keen insight, a public spirit and devotion to duty that rank him 
 with the representative and valued citizens of Galesburg. He was born in Spring- . 
 field, Massachusetts, July i, 1867, and in both the paternal and maternal lines i? 
 a representative of old New England families. The line of descent in the King 
 family can be traced back in this country to about 1660, when the American 
 
 Td. n S 
 
648 ^ ' HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY ;;;!7x^^; 
 
 progenitor settled in Suffield, Connecticut. Captain Thaddeus King, the great- 
 great-grandfather, was a soldier in the Revolutionary war. The great-grand- 
 father was John King, also a native and resident of Connecticut. The grand- 
 parents of our subject, Albert and Louise (Leavitt) King, were natives of 
 Connecticut, where the former followed the occupation of farming to the age of 
 sixty-five years, when his life's labors were ended in death. His wife long sur- 
 vived him and reached the remarkable old age of ninety years. They were the 
 parents of two sons and a daughter : John A. ; Francis, who died at Suffield, 
 Connecticut; and Mrs. Julia Randall. ,S .; - j . .i'V 
 
 John A. King, the father of Edward J. King, was born in Connecticut, spend- 
 ing his youthful days in Suffield, whence in early manhood he removed to Spring- 
 field, Massachusetts, where he carried on business as a contractor and builder. 
 In that state he wedded Alice L. Houghton, a native of Massachusetts, and a 
 daughter of Albert and Louise (Rolph) Houghton. Her father was born in 
 Connecticut and was an engineer on the New York, New Haven & Hartford 
 Railroad. His wife was a descendant of a British officer. Mr. -and Mrs. Hough- 
 ton made their home in Springfield, Massachusetts, for many years but after- 
 ward went to Windsor, Connecticut. Mrs. Houghton is still living in Suffield, 
 Connecticut, at the unusual old age of ninety years. They were the parents of 
 the following children : Edward, who died at Sacramento, California, about 
 1906; Alice L., the wife of John A. King; Elizabeth, who married Charles 
 Mead, of Springfield ; Mrs. George Duncan, afterwards intermarried with Frank 
 Fisher, a widow ; Annie, the wife of Walter Fogg, of Springfield, Massachusetts; 
 Emma, the wife of Frank Leonard; and ^Martha, the wife of George Wallace, 
 of Suffield, Connecticut. 
 
 Mr. and Mrs. John A. King began their domestic life in Springfield, Massa- 
 chusetts, and about 1870 removed to Hamburg, Iowa, whence in 1877 after re- 
 . siding in various places, the father came to Galesburg, where for a number of 
 years he engaged in the livery business. During the past ten years, however, 
 he has conducted a grain business in Chicago. He was a soldier of the Civil 
 war, serving as a private in Company A, of the Forty-sixth Massachusetts Vol- 
 unteer Infantry. His political allegiance has always been given to the republi- 
 can party and his membership relations are with the Odd Fellows society. His 
 wife, who was a member of the Baptist church, died in Springfield, Massachusetts, 
 in the opening decade of the twentieth century at the age of fifty-seven years. 
 They had but two children and the daughter, Louise, died at the age of seven- 
 teen years. Mrs. Alice L. King, the mother of our subject, married a second 
 time, becoming Mrs. Lombard, of Springfield, Massachusetts, and there were 
 children of that union. '.-:>. f. . . . 
 
 Edward J. King spent his early boyhood in Springfield, Massachusetts, and 
 in Windsor and Suffield, Connecticut, on New England farms and in attending 
 the common schools there. He has been a resident of Illinois since 1880, at which 
 time he took up his abode in Galesburg and was a pupil in the public schools 
 until graduated from the high school in 1886. Later he entered Knox College 
 and is numbered among its alumni of 1891. He taught for one year before enter- 
 ing college and after the completion of his course at Knox took up the study of 
 law and was admitted to the bar in 1893, since which time he has followed his 
 profession in Galesburg, having here an extensive practice that connects him 
 
V ;v-:V : : HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY Uv- ;': 649 
 
 with much of the important litigation tried in the courts of the district. He 
 always prepares his cases with great thoroughness and care and his careful 
 analysis enables him to present his points in logical form and to draw therefrom 
 correct conclusions. 
 
 On the ist of January, 1895, Mr. King was married to Miss May B. Roberts, 
 a daughter of Rev. H. P. and Anna (Blanchard) Roberts. Mrs. King was born 
 in Cairo, Illinois, where her father, a Congregational minister, was preaching. 
 He served throughout the Civil war as a lieutenant and chaplain and died while 
 on a visit in Colorado in 1887. He was, however, a resident of Galesburg at 
 the time. His wife survived until September, 1896, and passed away at the age 
 of sixty-four years. They were the parents of but two children, the elder daugh- 
 ter being Nellie A., who is now the widow of Fred S. Rockwell and resides in 
 Denver with her son, Robert B. Rockwell. The younger daughter. May B., be-: 
 came the wife of Mr. King and they now have one son, Ivan R. King. The 
 mother is a member of the Central Congregational church. Mr. King is well 
 known in fraternal circles of this city, belonging to Alpha Lodge, No. 155, A. F. 
 &' A. M. : to the Odd Fellows society, the Knights of Pythias and the Elks. Since 
 age conferred upon him the right of franchise he has been a stalwart advocate 
 of the republican party and is a recognized leader in its ranks, thoroughly con- 
 versant with the vital questions and issues of the day and working along prac- 
 tical lines to secure the adoption of its principles. In 1893 he was elected city 
 attorney and served for one term. In 1907 he was again called to office in his 
 election to the house of representatives of the Forty-fifth Illinois general assembly 
 and indorsement of his first term came to him in his reelection to the Forty- 
 sixth and Forty-seventh general assemblies as a member of the house. Mr. King 
 was the republican caucus nominee for speaker of the house of the Forty-sixth 
 general assembly being defeated by Edward D. Shurtleff through a combination 
 of democrats and republicans, who afterward elected William Lorimer United 
 States senator. As a member of the state legislature he has carefully considered 
 questions which have come up for action and neither fear nor favor can swerve 
 him in his support of a cause which he believes to be just and right. He also 
 holds to a high standard of professional ethics, ever treats the court with that 
 courtesy which is its due and never indulges in malicious criticism because it 
 arrives at a conclusion in the decision of a case different from that which he 
 hoped to hear. He gives to his clients the service of well developed talent, un- : 
 wearied industry and wide learning, but he never forgets that there are certain 
 things due to the court, to his own self-respect and above all to justice and the 
 righteous administration of the law which neither the zeal of an advocate nor 
 the pleasure of success permits him to disregard. :; . 'V : ' . - ^ ' ; ; 
 
 . V ':';-::.. ./ j: JOHN S. MATHEWS. ';' .:;;:.. /v-\.;:. 
 
 John S. Mathews is the owner of a fine farm of three hundred and forty 
 acres, to the further development and improvement of which he devotes his at- 
 tention in connection with stock-raising, and is meeting with excellent success 
 in both. He was born on his present homestead located on section 22, Salem 
 township, on January 6, 1859, a son of William and Mary Jane (Montgomery) 
 
650 HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY ' : 
 
 Mathews, the father a native of Ireland and the mother of Pennsylvania. Wil- 
 liam Mathews emigrated from the Emerald isle to America in his early manhood, 
 locating in Knox county, where he acquired one hundred and sixty acres of 
 land. Being both ambitious and diligent he intelligently applied his eniergies to 
 the cultivation of his land, his efforts meeting with such lucrative returns that 
 he was later able to extend his holdings until he had acquired the title to three 
 hundred and forty acres of land, now the homestead of his son John S.. To 
 Mr. and Mrs. William Mathews there were born seven children, one of whom 
 died at the age of four months. The others are as follows: Sarah N., the 
 wife of Joseph W. Maxwell, of Yates City; John S., our subject; William C., 
 who is living north of Douglas ; Minerva Jane, the wife of Thomas Andrews, 
 also residing north of Douglas ; Robert T. a minister in the Presbyterian church, 
 located at Louisville, Kentucky ; and Clara B., now Mrs. Nixon of Yates City. 
 The parents are now both deceased, the father having passed away at the age 
 of seventy-seven and the mother at eighty-one, and are buried at Yates City. 
 They were charter members of the Presbyterian church of that city and always 
 took an earnest and helpful interest in all religious work, having given much 
 assistance in building the church at Farmington. Mr. Mathews was a republican 
 in politics and for many years held the office of school director in Salem town- 
 ship. He engaged in general farming and stock-raising during the entire period 
 of his active career and met with success, being numbered among the prosperous 
 agriculturists of the county. A man of high principles, his upright conduct and 
 unquestionable integrity won him the esteem of all with whom he had 
 transactions. 
 
 Together with his brothers and sisters John S. Mathews attended the com- 
 mon schools of Knox county in the acquirement of an education. They all ter- 
 minated their student days with the completion of the high school with the ex- 
 ception of the brother Robert T., who was graduated from Knox College and 
 afterwards attended the McCormick Theological Seminary. When his school 
 days were ended John S. Mathews gave his undivided attention to the cultivation 
 of the fields and care for the stock on the homestead, and many improvements 
 upon the place were instituted by him. After his marriage Mr. Mathews brought 
 his bride to the home of his childhood and here they have spent the entire period 
 of their domestic life. Until the last two years he has operated his entire hold- 
 ings, but he is now renting forty acres. Beside the cultivation of his fields he 
 raises high-grade cattle, hogs and horses, making a specialty of Hereford cattle 
 which are nearly all on the Wisconsin register, and Percheron horses. 
 : In i8go Mr. Mathews was married to Miss Qara Mabel Emery, born October 
 22, 1869, who is a native of Lynn township, Knox county, and a daughter of 
 David and Amelia (Brooks) Emery. Of the marriage of Mr. and Mrs. Mathews 
 there have been born four children : David W., Helen B., Amber G. and Bernard 
 Emery. 
 
 The family are members of the Presbyterian church, of which Mr. Mathews 
 has been a member of the board of trustees for eighteen years and is also an 
 elder. He is also a director of the Farmers Telephone Company, and was for- 
 merly president, and is a member and secretary of the Percheron Horse Com- 
 pany. His political affiliations are with the republican party and he has been 
 called upon to serve for four years as township assessor, while he has satis- 
 
;>'.'' HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY - . 651 
 
 factorily filled the position of school director for twenty-one years, a record which 
 bespeaks the confidence of his fellow citizens. His entire life has been spent in 
 the immediate vicinity of his present homestead, which is located on sections 
 21 and 22 of Salem township, and among his closest friends he numbers the 
 comrades of his boyhood, this in itself being a tribute to his character,.. .-:.:./ 
 
 V : / GEORGE W. DAVIDSON: , , - Iv^-- j 
 
 George W. Davidson formerly associated with the agricultural interests of 
 Knox county is now living retired in the village of Henderson. His father, 
 Robert Davidson, born in Ireland in 1817, was the son of Hans and Jane David- 
 son of Ireland, who came to this country in November, 1817, bringing with them 
 their son Robert who was then a babe six months old. They settled in Ohio, 
 where they lived for many years. When Robert was of age he went to Maryland 
 and there met Julia Ann Elishier whom he made his wife. At this time the 
 great influx of settlers was beginning to invade Illinois, chiefly attracted thither 
 by the promising agricultural prospects. Robert Davidson, too, followed the 
 throng and, accompanied by his bride, settled near Springfield. There they lived 
 for a little time during which period George W. Davidson, their first child, was 
 born December 28, 1846. Their next home was Peoria, Illinois, where they re- 
 mained until 1851, when they took up their residence in Galesburg. Mr. David- 
 son opened a plow shop in Henderson, and for four or five years made plows, 
 which he sold in distant as well as neighboring localities, often hauling his iron 
 and plows across the whole state to Iowa and other states. In 1856 he com- 
 menced farming and built a sawmill and in 1860 bought a farm, to which he re- 
 moved his family. Here he devoted himself to agriculture, operating three 
 hundred and fifteen acres of land. He was a man of marvelous physique and 
 great endurance, only once in his life being so ill, as to necessitate a doctor's call. 
 He continued in his farm work up to the time he was eighty-three years old and 
 passed away three years later in 1903. His wife died in 1891, at the age of sixty- 
 five years. She belonged to the Methodist Episcopal church. They were the 
 parents of two other children, daughters, one of whom died in 1855. The other 
 daughter is Mrs. Anthony Smith, of Henderson. Mr. Robert Davidson was a 
 democrat in politics and for many years served his county in the capacity of road 
 commissioner. He was not a member of any church but gave liberally to the 
 advancement of any worthy religious cause. ,.; , - 
 
 George W. Davidson had a common-school education and when old enough 
 engaged in agriculture. Ill health, however, followed him for many years. Dur- 
 ing the year 1873 he resided in Galesburg and at the end of this time returned 
 to his farm, where he stayed until 1880, when he again resided in Galesburg 
 for a brief period, only to return to the farm and once more pursue his agricultural 
 labors. He was engaged in general farming, raised hogs and stock and had 
 some reputation for breeding blooded Norman and trotting horses. He gave up 
 farming permanently October 20, 1907, when he retired to Henderson, where 
 he is now living. ,; . . ;,,^ . ..- -. - . : ^. - 
 
652 HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY v^; ' ' 
 
 The marriage of Mr. Davidson and Miss Serepta J. Baer was celebrated 
 October 7, 1869. She was a daughter of Rev. D. E. and Susan (Ryan) Baer, 
 who came originally from Germany but lived most of their lives in Spring Run, 
 Franklin county, Pennsylvania, where Mr. Baer was a minister in the United 
 Brethren church. Serepta (Baer) Davidson's grandfather and two of her 
 brothers were also preachers of the same faith. 
 
 Three children were born to Mr. and Mrs. Davidson. Minnie, the wife of 
 William Ward, a real-estate agent in Galesburg, is the mother of two children, 
 Geneva and Lucile. Robert, is a merchant in Henderson. David Earl, a whole- 
 sale coal dealer in Galesburg, by his first wife, Mamie McDermott, has one child,' 
 Leonora. His second wife was formerly Miss Lucile McCune. 
 
 Mr. and Mrs. George W. Davidson are ardent workers in the United Breth- 
 ren and Methodist churches in Henderson. They have a large circle of friends, 
 who esteem them highly for their progressive interest in every measure contribut- 
 ing to the moral and spiritual welfare of the community. 
 
 ;-: ^^ FRANK STEWART STEPHENSON. ; -> 
 
 Frank Stewart Stephenson, who owns and operates a farm in Walnut Grove 
 township, was born July 21, 1866, in Oneida, Illinois, his parents being George 
 L. and Grace (Stewart) Stephenson of Oneida, where the former is a prominent 
 representative of mercantile interests. 
 
 In the public schools of Oneida Frank S. Stephenson acquired his education. 
 After he had finished his school course he accepted a clerical position in his 
 father's store at Oneida, and remained there until 1903, when he removed to the 
 farm upon which he has since resided. His land is highly developed and well 
 equipped with buildings and machinery, adequate for carrying on its cultivation 
 according to the most advanced and most profitable methods. In addition to gen- 
 eral farming he is also extensively engaged in stock-raising. 
 
 It was while he was residing in Oneida that Frank Stephenson was married 
 on the 3Oth of September, 1891, to Miss Cummings, whose birth occurred 
 October 21, 1869, on the Cummings homestead, her parents being Leonard B. and 
 Celinda (Bulkeley) Cummings. The father was born in Union, Maine, near the 
 Atlantic seacoast, June 28, 1823, his parents being Suel and Sophia (Barnard) 
 Cummings, the former also a native of Maine, where he engaged in farming, 
 having passed away in 1866 at the age of seventy-seven years, the latter having died 
 in 1890 at the age of ninety-two years. Leonard Cummings, their son, left school 
 at an early age so as to give his time and attention to his father's farm. Later 
 he was employed at logging in a lumber camp for .two winters, and subsequently, 
 at the age of twenty-three years, he and his brother were employed in a trunk 
 factory in Boston, but this work was discontinued when he enlisted in the 
 Mexican war. His service covered a period of eighteen months, and after being 
 mustered out he joined the great army of gold seekers going to California in 
 1849. He made the trip by water, sailing in a sloop around Cape Horn. For 
 three years he remained in the mining district and then returned home, coming to 
 Galesburg in 1853. Subsequently he purchased the farm which has since been 
 
' ;i HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY 653 
 
 the Cummings homestead. Mrs. Cummings was bom on the 22d of August, 1838, 
 . in Lyme, Connecticut, and was the daughter of A. W. and Margaret Ann (Coven- 
 hoven) Bulkeley, the former having been born October i8, 1805, in Colchester, 
 Connecticut, and the latter, September 28, 1805, in New York city. Mr. Bulk- 
 eley followed the carpenter, contractor and cabinet-maker's trade throughout his 
 life. He removed to Fulton county in 1839, and in 1851 came to Copley town- 
 ship, Knox county, where his death occurred in 1879, his wife dying in 1886. 
 Mrs. Bulkeley was the daughter of James and Elizabeth (Demorist) Covenhoven, 
 who were of Dutch ancestry, but the family had long resided in this country, 
 James Covenhoven having been a soldier in the Revolutionary war, as were many 
 other members of the family. Mr. L. B. Cummings was a member of the Masons 
 belonging to the A. F. & A. M. lodge, of Altona, Illinois, and although he was 
 never active in politics he was wide awake to the issues of the day, and used 
 what influence he could to promote measures which would tend to public im- 
 provement. Mr. and Mrs. Stephenson have become the parents of five children : 
 Maude Aurelia, whose birth occurred July 28, 1892, and who is at present a 
 student at the Illinois Woman's College at Jacksonville ; Frank Stuart, Jr., whose 
 birth occurred. May 25, 1895, and who is a student in the Oneida high school; 
 George Cummings, born June 4. 1898, and attending school at present; Ruth 
 Celinda, whose birth occurred August 29, 1899; and Robert Bulkeley, whose 
 birth occurred December ii, 1901. ; 
 
 Mr. Stephenson is not interested in politics, but because of his interest in 
 the moral condition and the development of the community he has served as a 
 member of the school board of Oneida for five years. Fraternally he is con- 
 nected with the Modern Woodmen of America, of Oneida, Illinois, and lodge 
 No. 576 of the Knights of Pythias of Oneida, an organization of which he is a 
 charter member, and of which he is now chancellor commander. 
 
 :.'.'-\_:---^ .. ^: :,':''-.. -'-i^-^'-^l-'' A. C. . 
 
 A. C. Williams resides on section 4 of Victoria township, where he and his 
 brother Walter engage in general farming and stock-raising on a farm of one 
 hundred and fifty-four and three-fourths acres, that was formerly the property 
 of their father. He was born in England on the I2th of May, 1850, and is a 
 son of Thomas and Emma Williams, who emigrated to the United States with 
 their family in 1852. Upon their arrival in this country they came directly to 
 Knox county, where the father acquired the farm now owned by his sons. This 
 was partially improved but Mr. Williams made many changes during his life 
 time, erecting some new buildings and bringing the fields under higher cultivation. 
 Here he engaged in general farming and stock-raising until his death, which oc- - 
 curred at the age of sixty-three years. He was survived for several years by the 
 mother, who had passed the sixty-seventh anniversary of her birth at the time 
 of her demise. They were both buried on the family lot in the cemetery at 
 Galva. His political allegiance Mr. Williams accorded the democratic party and 
 in matters of faith he and his wife were Episcopalians. He always took much 
 interest in all public affairs, particularly those of a governmental nature, but 
 
654 HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY 7 : 
 
 never held any office save that of postmaster, the duties of which he discharged 
 
 at Milroy for twenty years. Six children were born to Mr. and Mrs. Williams, 
 
 ^ . of whom our subject is the youngest. In order of birth the others are as follows: 
 
 ' George, who married Miss Azelia Annis and resides at Galva ; Mary Ann, the 
 
 ' ; wife of John Freed, of California; Thomas, who married Mary Starboard and 
 
 : is now living in Missouri; Walter, who was born on the 27th of October, 1845; 
 
 and Emily, the wife of L. D. Blackwood, of Missouri. v I 
 
 As he was only a child of two years when he accompanied his parents on 
 " . their emigration to the United States, A. C. Williams was reared and educated 
 in Victoria township. He received his agricultural training on the farm, where 
 he now resides, under the capable direction of his father, during his boyhood and 
 "youth. After the latter's death the three sons, George, Walter and A. C., con- 
 tinued to operate the farm but the two latter subsequently bought the interest of 
 ' . their brother and have ever since continued alone. They have directed their 
 operations along the lines generally adopted by the modem agriculturist and 
 . their efforts have been correspondingly rewarded. Their fields are carefully 
 ' tilled and devoted to those cereals that are best adapted to the soil, and they an- 
 nually reap abundant harvests. During the period of their ownership they have 
 installed many modern conveniences and improvements and now have one of the 
 . well equipped farms of the township. In 1905 they tore down the old house that 
 had done service for many years, and erected a comfortable country-residence, 
 that has greatly added to the general appearance of the place. They keep the 
 fences and buildings in good repair, ample sheds are provided for their imple- 
 ments and machinery and their stock is well housed, in short everything about 
 their farm evidences capable management and thrift. ,. | , 
 
 Mr. Williams married Miss Sarah J. Sornborger and they have become the 
 parents of seven children, as follows : E. B. ; Helen, who is deceased ; and 
 Altha, Alfred, Bertha, Ruth and Bryan. He accords his political support to the 
 . : democratic party, as does also his brother, but they have never aspired to the 
 emoluments of office or public honors. Mr. Williams has passed fifty-nine of 
 the sixty-one years of his life in Victoria township, where both he and his brother 
 are widely known and held in high esteem, by reason of their upright principles 
 and honorable business methods, manifested in all of their transactions. '^ ' : 
 
 -;;>:- FRANK H. OLSON. >7v.:- ' n: :-: 
 
 Frank H. Olson, who is proprietor of one of the leading mercantile estab- 
 lishments of Altona and also the postmaster of the town, was born in Ontario 
 township, Knox county, November 25, 1873. His father. Peter Olson, who died 
 December 12, 1911, in Walnut Grove township, reached the age of eighty-one 
 years. He came as a young man to America and took up farming, which he 
 followed for some time but later turned his attention to merchandising at Wood- 
 hull, Illinois. For a number of years he carried on business with a fair measure 
 of success and eventually sold out. He lived up to his death retired near Altona, 
 making his home upon a farm which he owned. His only surviving brother is a 
 resident of Seattle, Washington. Peter Olson married Hannah Matson, who is 
 
^ ^ -v: ^ HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY -^>^: 055 
 
 also deceased. They became the parents of seven children: Oscar, who is now- 
 living in North Dakota; Edith, the wife of Charles Johnson, of Ontario town- 
 ship; Frank H., of this review; Emma, the wife of H. L. Peterson, a merchant 
 of Altona; Hilda, at home; Arthur, who is following farming in Canada; and 
 Harry, who has charge of the old home farm. v ' 
 
 After his school days were over, Frank H. Olson engaged in clerking in 
 Oneida, Illinois, for J. N. Conger, spending two years in that way. He after- 
 ward entered the Burlington Business College, where he studied for a term and 
 then went to Chicago, where he was employed by Marshall Field & Company. 
 He afterward returned to Oneida, where he embarked in business on his own 
 account, becoming a partner with Metcalf Brothers in the ownership and con- 
 duct of a grocery store. After three years he sold out and removed to Altona, 
 where he joined C. J. McMaster in the conduct of a grocery and hardware busi- 
 ness. Three years later he became connected with C. E. Cowles in a business 
 that was carried on for two years and later he formed a partnership with G. A. 
 Johnson, which association was maintained for three years. Mr. Olson then 
 purchased his partner's interest in the business and is now conducting a hard- 
 ware and grocery store, carrying a well selected line of goods in each depart- 
 ment and meeting with success in their sale. His business is well managed and 
 his familiarity with the trade enables him to buy judiciously and sell at a fair 
 profit, thus gaining the success which is the legitimate reward of all honorable 
 endeavor. /' '^ '~: V 
 
 Mr. Olson was united in marriage to Miss Bessie Bristol, a daughter of Frank 
 Bristol, who was a carriage manufacturer of Oneida but is now deceased, as is 
 his wife, Mrs. Emma Bristol. They were early residents of Oneida and were 
 widely and favorably known there. Unto Mr. and Mrs. Olson has been bom a 
 son, Frank Bristol, now fourteen years of age. The parents are members of the 
 Presbyterian church, in the work of which they are actively and helpfully inter- 
 ested, Mr. Olson serving as one of the church trustees. Fraternally he is con- 
 nected with the Woodmen of America as a member of Camp No. 3737. His 
 political support is given to the republican party and he held the office of town 
 clerk until appointed postmaster of Altona on the i6th of March, 1908. He is 
 still filling that position and in office has made as creditable a record as he has 
 in business. He is justly accounted one of the representative and public-spirited 
 citizens of Altona, accomplishing what he undertakes whether for his own benefit 
 or for the progress and welfare of the community at large, -.. ; . :... . . . . 
 
 ^\\: S'o.^^'v. /^l-:.--:'-:;v JOHN H. SHEAR. :;^'' ;.' 'v'v'-^^''^^^';::::^'^ 
 
 John H. Shear, who is residing on his farm in Walnut Grove township, Vas 
 born on the 22d of April, 1847, in Otsego county. New York, and is a son of 
 Henry D. Shear, whose father was the first of the family to come to America 
 from Holland. The father was born in New York state, April lo. 1813, and 
 after he finished his early schooling learned the carpenter's trade. Subsequently 
 he came with his brother to Illinois, locating in 1857, near Galesburg, Knox 
 county, Illinois. After farming for ten years near Galesburg he purchased the 
 
656 HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY 
 
 farm upon which William McMaster is now residing. His death occurred upon 
 this place, September 22, 1901. On the 3Oth of November, 1834, he was married 
 to Eliza A. Multer, of Summit, New York. She was born April 6, 1813, and 
 her death occurred on the loth of September, 1895. They were the parents of 
 seven children, four of whom are now living: Joseph, of Buxton, North 
 Dakota ; Moses Aaron, of Clay county, Nebraska ; Julia, the wife of George 
 McMasters, of Walnut Grove township ; and John H., who is the subject of 
 this sketch. Two sons, Cyrus M. and George A., died during the Civil war 
 while enlisted in Company F, One Hundred and Forty-eighth Regiment of 
 Illinois Infantry. 
 
 John H. Shear began his active career at the early age of twelve years, when 
 he began assisting his father on the home farm. He remained there until his 
 marriage, when he removed to the farm upon which he is now residing and 
 engaged in general farming and stock-raising. For a few years following 1876, 
 he also conducted a mercantile business in Altona, Illinois, but soon gave this 
 up to devote his whole attention to agricultural pursuits. 
 
 .;; On the 5th of August, 1891, Mr. Shear was married to Miss Maud White, 
 whose birth occurred June i6, 1871, in Belmont county, Ohio. She was a 
 daughter of Philander and Hannah Jane (Roby) White, the former having 
 passed away on the i6th of March, 1900, and the latter living in Altona. The 
 parents came to Knox county in 1890 and settled near Altona, where Mr. White 
 was engaged in farming until his retirement a short time previous to his death. 
 Mrs. Shear's grandfather, Thomas White, was one of the early settlers of Ohio. 
 To Mr. and Mrs. White six children were born, four of whom survive : Edwin, 
 of Newton, Kansas ; Alice, who is the wife of O. McGrew, of Altona ; Sally, 
 who is the widow of F. Lester and is residing with her mother ; and Mrs. Shear. 
 Mr. and Mrs. Shear are the parents of three children : Walter W., whose birth 
 occurred July 31, 1892; John Wesley, who was born on December i, 1896; and 
 Bertha, whose birth occurred April i. igoo. 
 
 In politics Mr. Shear gives his allegiance to the republican party and has 
 been elected to office by that party. In religious faith he is a member of the 
 Methodist church of Altona and is at present serving as one of its trustees. 
 His success in life has been due entirely to his own efforts and to diligent and 
 persistent labor. He ha^ displayed many of the praiseworthy traits which he 
 has inherited from his stalwart Dutch ancestry and stands as one of the sub- 
 stantial and valued citizens of his community. 
 
 '''"': . AUGUST PETERSON. ' " - ;o: ;^C. ;^ ; 
 
 August Peterson, who has been engaged in agricultural pursuits in Knox 
 county and is at present conducting a livery stable, was born in Altona, on the 
 2ist of July, 1887, his parents being Mr. and Mrs. Victor Dahlgreen. The 
 father's death occurred in 1905 and the mother passed away when her son was 
 but four years of age. ' 
 
 From that time August Peterson was reared in the home of N. A. and Chris- 
 tina (Lundgren) Peterson, of Galva. August Peterson remained there until 
 
AUGUST PETERSON 
 
656 HISTORY OF KXOX COUNTY ' ' 
 
 farm upon which \\'illiam McMaster is now residing. His death occurred upon 
 this place. September 22, I'joi. On the 3Oth of November, 1834. he was married 
 to Ehza A. Muher, of Summit. New York. She was born April 6. 1813. and 
 her death occurred on the loth of September, 1895. They were the parents of 
 seven children, four of whom are now living: Joseph, of Buxton, North 
 Dakota: Moses Aaron, of Clay county, Nebraska: Julia, the wife of George 
 McMasters, of \\'alnut drove township: and John H., who is the subject of 
 this sketch. Two sons. Cyrus M. and George A., died during the Civil war 
 while enlisted in Com])any F. One Hundred and Forty-eighth Regiment of 
 Illinois Infantry. 
 
 John II. Shear began his active career at the early age of twelve years, when 
 he began assisting liis father on the home farm. He remained there until his 
 marriage, when he removed to the farm u])on which he is now residing and 
 engaged in general farming and stock-raising. For a few years following 1876, 
 he also conducted a mercantile business in Altona. Illinois, but soon gave this 
 up to devote his whole attention to agricultural pursuits. 
 
 On the 5th of August. i8<ji. Mr. Shear was married to Miss Maud White, 
 whose birth occurred June i6. 1871, in P.elmont county. Ohio. She was a 
 daughter of Philander and Hannah Jane (Roby) White, the former having 
 passed away on the \(ii\\ of March, igoo. and the latter living in Altona. The 
 parents came to Knox county in i8go and settled near Altona, where Mr. \\'hite 
 was engaged in farming until his retirement a short time previous to his death. 
 Mrs. Shear's grandfather. Thomas \\'hite. was one of the early settlers of Ohio. 
 To Mr. and Mrs. \\'hite six children were born, four of whom survive: Edwin, 
 of Newton. Kansas: Alice, who is the wife of O. Mc(jrew, of Altona: Sally, 
 who is the widow of F. Lester and is residing with her mother : and Mrs. Shear. 
 Mr. and Mrs. Shear are the jjarents of three children : \\'alter \\'.. whose birth 
 occurred July 31. 1892: John \\'osley. who was born on December i. 1896; and 
 Bertha, whose birth occurred Ai)ril i, i<x>o. 
 
 In politics Mr. Shear gives his allegiance to the republican ])arty and has 
 been elected to office by that party. In religious faith he is a member of the 
 Methodist church of Altona and is at present serving as one of its trustees. 
 His success in life has been ilue entirely to his own efforts and to diligent and 
 persistent labor. He has displayed many of the praiseworthy traits which he 
 has inherited from his stalwart Dutch ancpstry and stands as one of the sub- 
 stantial and valued citizens of his communitv. 
 
 '; . AUGUST PFTFRSON. . . 
 
 August Peterson, who has been engaged in agricultural jnirsuits in Knox 
 county and is at present conducting a livery stable, was born in Altona, on the 
 2ist of July, 1887. his ])arents being Mr. and Mrs. \'ictor Dahlgreen. The 
 father's death occurred in 1905 and the mother jjassed away when her son was 
 but four years of age. 
 
 From that time Atigiist Peterson was reared in the home of N. A. and Chris- 
 tina (Lundgren) Peterson, of Galva. August Peterson remained there until 
 
Alca'ST I'KTKHSdN 
 
',^;.^;--^,: ;-r:^- ;.-" HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY - v 659 
 
 he was eighteen years of age. In his youth he attended the common schools and 
 also assisted his foster father in agricultural pursuits. Suhsequently he was 
 employed by a railroad for two years and during that time, on the i8th of 
 March, 1908, he met with an accident which incapacitated him for further manual 
 labor of that sort. Having been trained to habits of thrift, he had by this time 
 accumulated sufficient money that on the I2th of October, 1908, he was able to 
 engage in the livery business at Altona. He conducts a modern establishment 
 and his treatment of his patrons and his reasonable prices have secured him a 
 good patronage. 
 
 In the family of August Peterson were two brothers, George and David, 
 George was brought up by a Mrs. Smith, of Altona, but he died in 1905. David, 
 the other brother, was reared by a Mrs. Krohnland, who lived in Altona. Later 
 the family removed to Colorado and David accompanied them to that state. He 
 has now established his permanent residence in Denver and is still living with ^ 
 the Krohnland family. 
 
 Mr. Peterson is not particularly interested in politics, having given the 
 greater part of his attention to his business undertakings. His religious faith 
 is indicated in his membership in the Lutheran church of Altona. He is well 
 known in business and social circles and has many warm friends, whose high 
 regard has been gained by reason of his sterling worth. 
 
 .:- ;. . ' : : ; y/ CHARLES WESLEY MAIN. - ^/^v/VCj:::^/ 
 
 . : Charles Wesley Main, who is a resident agriculturist of Altona, Knox county, 
 was bom on the 2ist of March, 1856, his parents being Elias and Mary Ann 
 (Huntington) Main. The father, who was born in Otsego county. New York, 
 was a son of Peter Main, and came to Illinois for the first time in 1847, locating 
 at Belvidere, where he engaged in farming for two years before returning to New 
 York state. His trip westward, which was made in company with a brother, was 
 taken over the Great Lakes route to Fort Dearborn, Chicago. When they ar- 
 rived in Chicago they were offered fifteen acres of land where Lake street now is, 
 for fifteen dollars per acre. This instance shows how remarkable the growth 
 of Chicago has been, and how little investors realized its future greatness. The 
 return trip eastward was also made on ship board, and one of its interesting 
 incidents was the race which took place between two vessels during a heavy 
 storm. So great was the interest in the contest that even a wagon belonging to 
 Mr. Main was used for firewood in order to keep up the necessary amount of 
 steam. His brother, a sailor, attended to the sounding of the depths of the 
 water. After a short visit to the east the father returned west, to Altona, and at 
 that time built the home in which he is now residing, having procured the lumber 
 in Rock Island. The trip from Belvidere to Victoria was made in wagons at the 
 time the Chicago, Burlington & Quincy Railway was being graded. In his early 
 days he had learned the wagon-maker's trade, and throughout the greater part 
 of his life he was engaged in various kinds of wood construction work. In 
 addition to building wagons he also made caskets. As he was the only manufac- 
 turer of these in his district he received a large patronage and usually charged 
 
660 HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY 
 
 fifteen dollars apiece for them. He was married to Mary Ann Huntington, 
 whose birth occurred July 7, 1817, in Otsego county, New York. Her death 
 occurred on the nth of July, 1887, in the old homestead, and Mr. Main passed 
 away in 1901 at the age of eighty-six years. He held membership in the Meth- 
 odist church, being one of the original members and founders of this church at 
 Altona. Throughout its existence he was one of its most generous and enthusi- 
 astic supporters. So great was his interest in its welfare and progress that, at 
 the time of his death, he left a provision in his will which stated that the 
 Methodist church of Altona was to receive an annual contribution of one hun- 
 dred dollars to be used toward the pastor's salary, this provision to be operative 
 for ten years. His charitable spirit was also shown by the fact that he also pro- 
 vided for a three hundred dollar annual donation to Abingdon College. To Mr. 
 and Mrs. Main the following children were born : David E. and Dewitt C., both 
 deceased ; Delos S., who is living in Lebanon, Illinois ; Mary J., deceased ; Ella, a 
 widow, who was the wife of William Stockdale, a pharmacist of Altona, Illinois; 
 Emma L., who is married to R. Henderson, a resident of Houston, Texas ; 
 Joseph T., who is living in Galesburg; and Charles W. Main, who is residing in 
 Altona and is the subject of this sketch. 
 
 Charles Wesley Main has lived an active and useful life, and has done his 
 share in developing the agricultural interest of Knox county, a county which 
 depends so greatly upon its soil for its resources. His spirit of citizenship has 
 been such that he has won the regard and respect of his fellow citizens. 
 
 ".;^ ^;^^:;v;^' ; ^ _ . SAMUEL V. STUCKEY. ' -v;:'^v:>, ::-:; ^'' ' 
 
 Samuel V. Stuckey, cashier of the Farmers & Mechanics Bank, to which 
 position he was called in December, 1908, was born in Altona, this county, Septem- 
 ber 6, 1865. His father, John A. Stuckey, was a native of Cumberland county, 
 Pennsylvania, born in April, 1832, and in his youthful days he came to Illinois, 
 settling in Knoxville, where he engaged in farming. A few years later he became 
 connected with the hardware business in Altona and was prominently associated 
 with its commercial interests for an extended period, occupying an enviable posi- 
 tion as a reliable merchant and progressive business man. He is also prominent 
 in local political circles and, in 1880, was elected sheriff of Knox county, to 
 which position he was reelected, serving in all for six years. He afterward went 
 west to California and is now engaged in business in Rosemond, Kern county. 
 His fraternal relations are with the Independent Order of Odd Fellows. In his 
 political views he is a republican and in addition to the office of sheriff he filled 
 a number of township positions, discharging his duties with credit to himself 
 and satisfaction to his constituents. In early manhood he wedded Margaret 
 Norris, who was born near Baltimore, Maryland, about 1835. She died in 1899 
 in the faith of the Congregational church of which she had long been a faithful 
 member. In their family were four children : George N., now a resident of 
 Minneapolis, Minnesota; Samuel V.; Nellie, the wife of William T. Walsh, of 
 Los Angeles, California ; and John H., who is living in the same city. 
 
 
:;. ; ;V,:^' V ;': : HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY ': -^ 661 
 
 ''- , ' - : *.- '* - ' '' '-' 
 
 Samuel V. Stuckey pursued his education in the schools of Altona and Gales-' 
 burg, supplementing his early school course by study in Brown's Business College. 
 In 1883 he was appointed deputy sheriff under his father, being at that time a 
 youth of eighteen years, and continued in the office until the Qth of February, 
 1890. On that day he became clerk of the circuit court, which position he filled 
 until December, 1908. In the previous February he had entered financial circles, 
 having accepted the position of cashier of the Fanners & Mechanics Bank, with 
 which he is still connected. He had previously been a director of the bank for 
 ten years and was then called to the office of cashier, which position he has since 
 capably filled, proving a popular bank official, always courteous in his treatment 
 of the bank's patrons and at the same time careful in protecting the interests of 
 the institution which he represents. 
 
 .V On the 22d of September, 1887, Mr. Stuckey was united in marriage to Miss 
 Martha M. Clay, a daughter of Alonzo C. and Lovina M. (Derby) Qay, of 
 Galesburg, both of whom were natives of Andover, Vermont, and in 1836 the 
 father came to Knox county with his father, John T. Clay. He became a farmer 
 and in 1849, during the gold excitement, was one of the originators of the party 
 that left Galesburg, in January, 1849, overland by ox wagon, for the gold fields 
 of California, crossing the great American desert, but in a few years returned, 
 devoting many years to general agricultural pursuits. His wife came to Knox 
 county in January, 1850, and died in February, 1890. Mr. Clay gave his political 
 allegiance to the democratic party, filled a number of township offices and was 
 also county supervisor, serving as chairman of its building committee at the time 
 of the erection of the county jail. He was a Universalist and both he and his 
 wife displayed many sterling traits of character. His death occurred December 
 27, 1898. Their daughter, Mrs. Stuckey, was born in Galesburg, June 9, 1863. 
 The other member of the family was diaries C. Clay, who died May 5, 1909. 
 Mr. and Mrs. Stuckey are well known in Galesburg where they have an exten- 
 sive acquaintance. He has made a creditable record in office and in financial 
 circles and his ability constitutes one of the factors in the capable management 
 and successful control of the Farmers & Mechanics Bank. - . 
 
 / ::;;-,;.; LEO PRESTON BAIRD. 
 
 - Leo Preston Baird, general manager and principal stockholder of the Abing- 
 don Light & Power . Company, who is also successfully conducting a thriving 
 insurance agency, is one of the most enterprising and progressive young business 
 men of the town. He is a native of Knox county, his birth having occurred in 
 Elba township on the isth of July, 1885, and a son of B. P. and Josie (Gray) 
 Baird, who are mentioned at greater length elsewhere in this work. The father, 
 who is one of the prominent and influential residents of Abingdon, is a native of 
 Qinton county, Pennsylvania, while the mother was born and reared in Knox 
 county. Five children were bom to Mr. and Mrs. Baird, our subject being the 
 second in order of birth. The others are as follows: William Lemuel, who was 
 educated in Hedding College, now engaged in agricultural pursuits in this county ; 
 Lois Irena, a graduate of Hedding College, who for the past three years has 
 
662 - HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY ' 
 
 been teaching in the high school at Winfield, Iowa ; Eva Lena, also a graduate 
 of Hedding College, now principal in the schools at Whitehall, Michigan; and 
 Forest Gray, who is a senior at Hedding. Mr. Baird had one son by a previous 
 marriage, Newton Homer, who was educated at Knox College and is now con- 
 ducting a cattle ranch in the vicinity of Denver, Colorado, where he owns twenty- 
 four hundred acres of land. 
 
 Reared amid the refining influences of a cultured home, Leo Preston Baird 
 was given the social and educational advantages that prove most helpful, if they 
 are not essential, in the successful pursuit of any vocation. He received his 
 introduction to the elements of English learning in the district school in the vicinity 
 of his boyhood home, continuing to pursue his studies through the public schools 
 of Abingdon until his graduation from the high school with the class of 1902. 
 In the following autumn he matriculated at Hedding College, where he studied 
 for two and a half years, then entered the Illinois State University at Urbana, 
 being awarded the degree of B. A. with the class of 1907. After the comple- 
 tion of his collegiate course he turned his attention to teaching, his first position 
 being that of assistant principal in the schools of Atwood, Illinois. He remained 
 there only one year, then took the principalship of the schools at Princeville, which 
 he resigned at the end of two years. In the Autumn of 1910 he announced his 
 candidacy for the office of superintendent of schools in Peoria county, receiving 
 the nomination on the republican ticket. Although Mr. Baird was only twenty- 
 five years of age, and was not very widely known in the county, during the brief 
 period of his connection with the profession he had manifested those qualities 
 that made him recognized as one well qualified for the office. His opponent on 
 the democratic ticket was a man much his senior, who was not only widely known 
 in the county but had the additional advantage of being connected with several 
 influential families. Nevertheless, although he was the youngest candidate who 
 ever sought the office, Mr. Baird carried Peoria by five hundred majority, and 
 lost the election by only ninety-one votes, which were cast in precincts in the 
 outlying country where he was not known. Despite the fact that he lost the 
 office it was such a close contest in face of his opposition that Mr. Baird's friends 
 looked upon it almost as a victory, having felt from the first that his chances of 
 winning were very small. His opponent later told him that had he been better 
 known he would have carried the vote by a large majority. Following this episode 
 Mr. Baird returned to Abingdon and purchased a third interest in the Abing- 
 don Light & Power Company, of which he has ever since been general manager. 
 Feeling that he wanted to further extend his activities he later bought the insur- 
 ance business of Strawther Givens and is conducting this in connection with his 
 other duties. A young man of high principles and engaging personality, Mr. 
 Baird has the happy faculty of successfully carrying through anything he under- 
 takes, his affability and enthusiasm no less than his integrity and keen sense of 
 honor winning him recognition among all classes. He has not only succeeded in 
 retaining the many patrons of Mr. Givens, but has increased his business until 
 his clientage is second to that of no other agency in the city. He is one of the 
 more recent acquisitions to the business circles of Abingdon, where he is making 
 marked progress, and although his father's influence has unquestionably been of 
 assistance to him he possesses the faculties that would attain success despite 
 obstacles and defeats. . . . 
 
HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY - (J68 
 
 On the 3ist of July, 1907, Mr. Baird was united in marriage to Miss Gertrude 
 Perle Edwards, a daughter of W. F. Edwards of Galesburg, and to them has been 
 born one child, Richard Bruce, whose natal day was the igth of June, 1908. 
 
 Both Mr. and Mrs. Baird attend the Methodist Episcopal church, toward the 
 support of which organization he is a liberal contributor, and fraternally he is 
 affiliated with Princeville Lodge, No. 360, A. F. & A. M. He also belongs to 
 the Gamma Zeta Chapter of the Alpha Tau Omega fraternity, which he joined 
 while at the university. Mr. Baird has a large circle of friends, who are watching 
 with interest the progress of his career, feeling assured of his success. 
 
 ;' ;. , . /' ^^',. ;-.;.: .:\ ' . '.:: : GRANT GIBBS^ ...>r- . s l'-^ v;.:;:^'.;; ^v :->.;; -rV 
 
 Grant Gibbs, whose death occurred April 21, 1911. in the Augustana Hospital, 
 Chicago, was for many years a resident agriculturist of Sparta township. His 
 birth occurred in Knox township, on the 27th of February, 1867, his parents 
 being Nelson and Sarah (Henshaw) Gibbs, formerly residents of Athens county, 
 Ohio. Subsequently they removed to Adams county and later to Knox county, 
 where they purchased a farm, upon which they resided for a short time. After 
 disposing of this they located in Knox township and engaged in agricultural pur- 
 suits until their deaths, which occurred in Knoxville. The paternal grandfather, 
 Simeon Gibbs. also settled in Knox township, where he spent the greater part 
 of his active life in agricultural pursuits. 
 
 Grant Gibbs was married to Nettie Amanda Lane, who is a daughter of In- 
 man Herbert Lane and was born on the 27th of November, 1867, in Linn county, 
 Kansas. Her paternal grandfather, Lorenzo Lane, of Ohio, was married to 
 Julia Ann Wise, of New York, and they were among the early settlers of Persi- 
 fer township. The father was born in Persifer township and spent his early 
 Iffe on the farm previous to enlisting for service in the Civil war. After four 
 years' service he returned home and left for Linn county, Kansas, immediately 
 after his marriage, where he farmed for five years previous to removing to Rice 
 county and engaging in stock-raising for five years. Subsequently he went to 
 Linn county and then to Edwards county, where he conducted a grocery and meat 
 market. After a short residence in Hutchinson, Kansas, he removed to Califor- 
 nia and entered upon agricultural pursuits, giving the greater part of his atten- 
 tion to stock-raising. His death occurred in February, 1910, and was due to 
 the effects of injuries received in a train wreck. He was married to Miss Lamonia 
 Celissa Eldridge, a daughter of Gardner and Parmelia (Meecham) Eldridge, the 
 latter of Scotch-Irish descent. The Eldridge family were among the early set- 
 tlers of Copley township, Gardner Eldridge being its first representative, resid- 
 ing there until his death. Mrs. Eldridge died on the 21 st of April, 1876, at the 
 age of thirty-three years. Mr. Lane was a member of the Independent Order of 
 Odd Fellows and also the Grangers lodge in Rice county, Kansas. To Mr. and 
 Mrs. Lane five children were born, Mrs. Gibbs being the only one surviving. At 
 the age of eight years, after her mother's death, she removed to the home of her 
 grandfather, Lorenzo Lane, until she went to live with her father in Kansas, 
 when she was fourteen years of age. She resided there for four years previous 
 
664 HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY 
 
 to returning to Illinois, where she was married in 1888 to Grant Gibbs. To this 
 union five children were born, the only surviving one being Charles William, 
 of Wataga, whose birth occurred August 21, 1893. Mr. Gibbs was an active and 
 enthusiastic republican and held many offices in this district, being constable and 
 village police of Wataga for four years previous to his death. He also held mem- 
 bership in the Congregational church of Wataga, the Modern Woodmen of 
 America of Wataga, the Royal Neighbors of Wataga and the Yeomen of Gales- 
 burg. Mrs. Gibbs holds membership in the Royal Neighbors of Wataga, the 
 Yeomen of Galesburg and the Ladies Aid Society of the Congregational church 
 of Wataga. Mr. Gibbs' career was a commendable one and was one of the many 
 evidences of what patience and perseverance can do in overcoming difficulties, 
 surmounting discouragements and achieving success. He was an upright man, 
 interested not only in the agricultural but also in the social standing of his com- 
 munity, and he acquired the confidence and respect of his neighbors both 'as a 
 substantial farmer and a useful citizen. 
 
 '; EDWARD W. GOLDSMITH. ;, .:-::; 
 
 Edward W. Goldsmith, a well known agriculturist of Sparta township, was 
 born on the place, where he now resides, on the 2Oth of October, 1867. He is a 
 son of Edward H. and Ann Maria (Whiteford) Goldsmith, both natives of the 
 state of New York. The father was born in Orange county on December 22, 
 1834, but at the age of twenty years he came to Illinois with his father, who 
 located in Knox county. The paternal grandparents of our subject were Schuy- 
 ler H. and Katherine (Howell) Goldsmith; the former passed away in Knox 
 county and the latter in New York, where she was also buried. In later years 
 her son brought the body to Knox county and placed it in the family lot in the 
 Robbins cemetery. Schuyler H. Goldsmith subsequently married Mary Carley, 
 and to them were bom two children: Helen, the wife of A. McGill, of Kansas; 
 and Schuyler, who is a resident of Corning, Kansas. Schuyler H. Goldsmith, Sr., 
 came to Illinois with his .family in 1854, locating in Sparta township, where he 
 followed farming until his death in i86i. Having been given the advantages 
 of a very good education, after leaving school Edward H. Goldsmith taught 
 during the winter months in the various districts in this vicinity until 1877, de- 
 voting his summers to agricultural pursuits. During the early years of his 
 domestic life he settled on the farm, now operated and owned by his son, and 
 here he passed away on July 7, 1900, at the age of nearly sixty-six years. The 
 mother of our subject was born at Lodi, Seneca county. New York, on the 
 i2th of June, 1834, a daughter of William and Margaret (Williams) White- 
 ford. The father, who was a farmer, passed away when he was fifty and when 
 his daughter Ann Maria was a child of but four years. She was reared by B. C. 
 Osbom, a merchant of Burdett, New York, and his wife, Malinda (Winter) 
 Osborn, a native of New Jersey, continuing to make her home with them until 
 her marriage. Of the six children born to Mr. and Mrs. Whiteford two are now 
 living: Mary E., the widow of Lynn E. Harris, of Nevada; and James, who is 
 a resident of Elmira, New York. Mr. and Mrs. Edward H. Goldsmith were 
 
EinVARl) H. (;C)LDSMITH 
 
664 HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY 
 
 to returning to Illinois, ulic're she was married in 1888 to Grant Gibbs. To this 
 union five children were bom. the only surviving one being Charles \\'illiam, 
 of \Vataga, whose Ijirth occurred August 21, 1893. Mr. Gibbs was an active and 
 enthusiastic republican and held many offices in this district, being constable and 
 village police of \\'ataga for four years previous to his death. He also held niem- 
 bershi]) in the Congregational church of Wataga, the Modern \\'oodmen of 
 America of \\'ataga. the Royal Neighbors of \\'ataga and the Yeomen of Gales- 
 l)urg. Mrs. Gibbs holds membershij) in the Royal Neighbors of Wataga. the 
 Yeomen of Gidesburg and the Ladies Aid Society of the Congregational church 
 of Wataga. Mr. Gibbs' career was a commendable one and was one of the many 
 evidences of what i)atience and perseverance can do in overcoming difficulties, 
 surmounting discouragements and achieving success. He was an ujiright man, 
 interested not only in the agricultural but also in the social standing of his com- 
 munity, and he ac(|uired the confidence and respect of his neighbors both as a 
 substantial farmer and a useful citizen. 
 
 ;{; . RDW.XRD W. (lOLDSMITH. . . 
 
 Edward W. Goldsmith, a well known agriculturist of Sparta township, was 
 born on the j)lace. wliere he now resides, on the 2Oth of October. 1867. Me is a 
 son of Edward H. and Ann Maria (Whiteford) Goldsmith, both natives of the 
 state of New York. The fatlier was born in Orange county on Decemljer 22, 
 1834, but at the age of twenty years he came to Illinois with his father, who 
 located in Knox county. The ])aternal grandparents of our subject were Schuy- 
 ler H. and Katherine (Houell) Goldsmith; the former passed away in Knox 
 county and the latter in New York, where she was also l)uried. In later years 
 her son brought the body to Knox county and i)laced it in the family lot in the 
 Robbins cemetery. Schuyler H. Goldsmith subse(|uently married Mary Carley, 
 and to them were born two children: Helen, the wife of A. McGill. of Kansas; 
 and Schuyler. who is a resident of Corning. Kansas. Schuyler 1 1. ( ioldsmith, Sr., 
 came to Illinois with his family in 1854. locating in Sparta township, where he 
 followed farming until his death in i8f)i. Having been given the advantages 
 of a very good education, after leaving school l-'dward II. Goldsmith taught 
 during the winter months in the various districts in this vicinity until 1877. de- 
 voting his summers to agricultural i)ursuits. During the early years of his 
 domestic life he settleil on tlie farm, now ojjerated and owned by his son, and 
 here he passed away fm July 7, \f)OO, at the age of nearly sixty-six years. The 
 mother of our subject was born at Lodi, Seneca county. New ^'()rk, on the 
 I2th of June. 1834, a daughter of \\'illiam and Margaret (U'illiams) \\'hite- 
 ford. The father, who was a fanner, passed away when he was fifty and wlien 
 his daughter .\nn Maria was a cliihl of but four years. She was reared by 15. C. 
 Osborn. a merchant of I'.urdett. New "S'ork. and his wife, Malinda ( \\'inter) 
 Osl)orn. a native of Now Jersey, continuing to make her home with them until 
 her marriage. Oi the six children born to 'Mr. and Mrs. \\'hiteford two are now 
 living: Mary E., the widow of Lynn E. Harris, of Nevada: and James, who is 
 a resident of Elmira. New York. Mr. and Mrs. Edward H. Goldsmith were 
 
KDUAIM) II. (iOI.DS.MITII 
 
r:; -. = /.;.; Vv HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY >:- 667 
 
 married in New York, in March, 1859, but later settled on the farm now owned 
 and operated by their son, Edward W. They were the parents of two daugh- 
 ters and one son, but the former are both now deceased. In matters of faith 
 they were Congregationalists and for twenty-four years Mr. Goldsmith was 
 secretary of the church at Watag^. In politics he was a republican, but he 
 never held office. The later years of his life were entirely devoted to agricul- 
 tural pursuits, in which he met with a goodly degree of success. 
 
 Reared on the farm, where he is now living in the acquirement of his early 
 education, Edward W. Goldsmith attended the schools of the vicinity. After 
 mastering the common branches he enrolled in the academy of Knox College 
 at Galesburg, where he. studied for three years. Upon laying aside his text- 
 books he returned to the farm, assisting his father in its further improvement 
 and cultivation until he attained his majority, when he was taken into partner- 
 ship, receiving a share of the yearly dividends. This arrangement continued 
 until the death of Edward H. Goldsmith when the son came into the property, 
 being his father's sole heir. Enterprising and progressive in whatever he under- 
 takes, Mr. Goldsmith has met with more than average success in his farming and 
 stock-raising, and now owns one of the attractive and well equipped farms of 
 the community. ' ". :^ ". /^:.'':^^': . ^^: 
 
 For his life companion Mr. Goldsmith chose Miss Minnie L. French, who 
 was born in Sparta township, on the iith of January, 1868, and is a daughter 
 of Hugh and Louisa (Schroeder) French. Mr. and Mrs. Goldsmith have three 
 children; Frank F., who is now seventeen years of age, attending Galesburg 
 high school ; Anna I^., who is fifteen and a student of the Galesburg high school ; 
 and George S., aged twelve years. 
 
 His political support Mr. Goldsmith accords to the republican party, and for 
 twenty-two years he has served as school director, having taken an active interest 
 in all matters of an' educational nature. He is one of the public-spirited citizens 
 and capable business men of Sparta township, where he represents the third 
 generation of his family, whose various members have always been held in high 
 esteem. 
 
 ;; :..v^ JESSE WILMOT. Vv;/ 
 
 A well known agriculturist of Sparta township, who has passed practically 
 his entire life in the vicinity of his present farm is Jesse Wilmot. Brought here 
 as an infant during the early pioneer days he has watched with interest the 
 development of the country, as the vast forests and prairies have been converted 
 into productive farms, and thriving towns and villages have sprung up where 
 the Indian's tepee used to stand. 
 
 He is a native of New York, his birth having occurred in Steuben county, 
 on the I7th of February, 1836, and a son of Amos and Betsey (Crawford) 
 Wilmot. His father was born in Connecticut in 1803, and there he was reared 
 and educated. In his early manhood Amos Wilmot went to New York, locating 
 in Brown county, where he followed the shoemaker's trade until his marriage. 
 Soon after this event he located on a farm in Steuben county, and assiduously 
 
 Vol. n so 
 
668 . HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY '; 
 
 applied himself to its further improvement and cultivation for seven years. At 
 the expiration of that period, in 1836, together with his wife and family he 
 came to Illinois, locating in Sparta township, which at that time contained 
 scarcely an inhabitant. Here he erected a log cabin and he and his family 
 assumed the hardships and privations of pioneering. About them were vast 
 forests and great expanses of unbroken prairie, the woods abounded with game 
 of all kind and now and then an Indian was seen prowling about. Their nearest 
 neighbors were located a mile away and Peoria was the most convenient trading 
 post, while theirs was the first log house erected in the township and they were 
 likewise its first citizens. But both Mr. and Mrs. Wilmot were young and full 
 of courage, and cheerfully bore the many privations and discomforts that de- 
 volved upon them, passing the remainder of their lives on the farm, where they 
 reared their family. The mother, who was a native of the state of New York, 
 had attained the age of seventy years at the time of her death in 1878. Their 
 family was as follows : Sidney L., the eldest, who is mentioned at greater 
 length elsewhere in this volume ; Sarah, the wife of Thomas Manfield, both now 
 deceased, who celebrated their golden wedding on the I7th of February, 1902; 
 Hannah, the wife of Elmer Bennett, both of whom are now deceased; Jesse, 
 our subject ; Emma, the deceased wife of Edward Taylor ; Bradley, who is liv- 
 ing in Carroll county, Missouri ; Rebecca, who married J. R. Shull of Carroll 
 county, Missouri ; and Lydia, the wife of J. Rogers, of Lincoln, Nebraska. The 
 father was a member of the Congregational church of Ontario, and his political 
 allegiance he gave to the whigs until that party was merged into the republican, 
 after which he gave his support to their candidates. He was a public-spirited 
 man with high standards of the duties of citizenship and always took an active 
 interest in all township affairs. 
 
 Jesse Wilmot was only an infant when brought to Sparta township by his 
 parents on their removal to this county, and the greater part of his life has been 
 passed in the immediate vicinity of his present home. Educationally he was 
 afforded only the meager advantages of the district schools of that period, and 
 at the age of ten years assumed his share of the duties connected with the opera- 
 tion of the farm. He remained at home with his people until he was twenty-one 
 years of age, when he began working for himself. Having been reared in the 
 country, remote from a town or settlement of any kind, he had been given little 
 choice in selecting a vocation, so naturally he continued to follow agricultural 
 pursuits, which was the only career with which he had a chance to become 
 acquainted. He first settled on a place west of Wataga, but two years later he 
 came to his present place and here he has ever since resided. Farming fifty 
 years ago involved much more drudgery and hard, wearing labor than today, 
 when machinery at a comparatively small outlay will do in a few hours the 
 work that formerly consumed days to accomplish, and it is that period which 
 Mr. Wilmot recollects so vividly. In 1864, with his wife and family he started 
 across the country in an emigrant wagon to the eastern border of Kansas, but 
 as the Indians were giving considerable trouble upon their arrival in Worth 
 county, Missouri, they changed their course, going to Council Bluffs, Iowa. 
 From there they went to Webster City, that state, but after two years residence 
 there returned to Knox county. 
 
 Mr. Wilmot established a home for himself when he married Miss Eliza 
 
..;^ - ;: . ' HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY ^ k:- - 669 
 
 . Firkins, who was born at old Henderson, this county, on the 6th of March, 
 
 . 1842. She is a daughter of Russell and Margaret Jane (Teller) Firkins, natives 
 : of the state of New York, the father's birth having occurred in i8io. and that 
 .- of the mother in i8i6. They came to Illinois in 1837 and were among the first 
 / settlers of Henderson. From there they later removed to Sparta township, but 
 
 subsequently settled in Warren county, later coming again to Knox county, 
 
 , where the father passed away in 1857. He was long survived by the mother, 
 
 . , whose death occurred in 1890. Thirteen children were born to Mr. and Mrs. 
 
 - Firkins, who are, with the exception of two sons and four daughters, deceased. 
 :' In the paternal line Mrs. Wilmot is of English extraction, her grandfather, 
 
 George Firkins, a tailor by trade, having come to this country during the early 
 
 days of the Revolution. He was seized as a British subject by the English 
 
 soldiers, who found him concealed in a barrel on the vessel, but he managed to 
 V make his escape and came to America, where he enlisted in the army. He passed 
 ' away in 1858, at the venerable age of ninety-three years, and his wife, whose 
 
 maiden name was Lydia Titus, died in 1859. The family of Mr. and Mrs. 
 
 Wilmot numbers nine, as follows : Elizabeth, who first married George Wil- 
 ' . Hams, by whom she had one daughter, Minnie, and after his death became the 
 
 wife of John Peterson, of Henry county, and the mother of four children; 
 
 ' Hattie, the wife of George Howland, of Abingdon, this state; Sidney, of Sparta 
 
 , township, who married Ella Dobson and has seven children ; Almeda, the wife 
 
 I: of James Dobson, a street car conductor, of Galesburg, who has four children ; 
 
 - Milton J., who married Delia Salsbury and has five children, now a resident of 
 
 North Dakota ; Winfield, of Sparta township, who married Fay Bloomfield and 
 ; has three children; Harry, also of Sparta township, who married Delia Swadley 
 and has one son, George; Laura, the wife of Edward Fi-ampton, of Rio town- 
 ,. ship, by whom she has had two children; and Olive E., the deceased wife of 
 
 Wallace Stanard, who left one child, Francis, who is living with Mr. and Mrs. 
 
 Wilmot. They also have three great-grandchildren, Laura and Carl Peterson, 
 .,^^ the daughter and son of Minnie Williams, who married Emil Peterson, and 
 
 - Virgil Miller. On the 6th of September, 1909, Mr. and Mrs. Wilmot celebrated 
 :. their golden wedding, at which occasion there were present ninety-two members 
 
 of the family. 
 '': In his political views Mr. Wilmot is a stanch republican, but he has never 
 
 held an office, having preferred to give his attention to the development of his 
 V. personal interests. He is one of the well known representatives of a highly 
 
 respected pioneer family and has many friends in Sparta township, who accord 
 
 him the regard his high principles and substantial qualities well merit. 
 
 \-A'-. .; .'-V.'.. ;- .; ^^:/: THOMAS MCCLURE. ,.7;::' ' - l^'.':^-'^ -:' 
 
 : Thomas McClure, who is a well known agriculturist of Lynn township, Knox 
 county, was born on the 25th of July, 1852, at Stranraer, Scotland. He is a 
 son of Andrew and Jane (Carnahan) McClure. the former of whom passed 
 away in Scotland. Subsequently the mother came to America in 1867 with her 
 three children, Thomas, Robert and John, and settled in Walnut Grove town- 
 
670 HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY ''.;";''; 
 
 ship, this county, where she entered upon agricultural pursuits. Later she mar- 
 ried Simeon Collinson, who died in 1895, at the age of eighty years. To their 
 union one child was born, Ernest Collinson, who is in the insurance business in 
 Galva. 
 
 Thomas McClure attended the district schools for a short time and subse- 
 quently was bound out to Henry G. Collinson, until he became of age, when he 
 started out for'himself on his mother's farm, upon which he now resides. He 
 has been engaged in agricultural pursuits throughout his active career and has 
 met with the success which the persevering, energetic farmer wins in this rich 
 agricultural district. He possesses the salient characteristics of the Scotch race 
 which form such a valuable asset to the enterprising citizen of this country. In 
 addition to general farming he also engages in stock-raising to a considerable 
 extent, and this undertaking has become as profitable as farming. 
 
 On the loth of March, 1880, Mr. McClure was married to Miss Louise 
 Collinson, a daughter of Mr. and Mrs. Thomas Collinson of this county. To 
 their union eight children have been born : Henry Franklin, born October 3, 
 1880; Bell, whose birth occurred on the 25th of December, i88i, and who is 
 the wife of Albert Oark, of Oklahoma; John, born February 21, 1884, who is 
 a bank cashier at Oklahoma ; Andrew Thomas, born May 27, 1886, who is mar- 
 ried to Myrtle Callahan, and is residing in Walnut Grove township ; Arthur 
 Earl and Clara May, born February 12, 1891, and August 19, 1893, respectively; 
 and Ernest and Mary Jane, born April 28, 1895, and March 31, 1898, both of 
 whom are residing at home and attending school. .-,''' ;) 
 
 Mr. McClure is a democrat, giving his support to the democracy because 
 of his firm belief that its platforms are best suited for producing a practical 
 and able government. He has held the office of highway commissioner for 
 three years. Both he and his wife hold membership in the Methodist church 
 of Victoria, and he is one of its trustees. He is also a member of the Modern 
 Woodmen of America of Victoria and of the Fraternal Reserve Life Associa- 
 tion of Galesburg, of which his wife is also a member. He has never regretted 
 the fact that he left Scotland to make his career in a country which offers equal 
 opportunities to all its citizens, and he has become a most loyal citizen to the 
 country of his adoption. 
 
 i: JOHN C. NELSON. ,^': ; ; ;^ 
 
 John C. Nelson, who follows farming on section 32, Knox township, is one 
 of the substantial citizens that Sweden has furnished to this country and in his 
 life he exemplifies many of the sterling traits of his race. He was born in 
 Sweden, October 29, 1841, and his parents. Carl and Hannah (Ingeman) Nelson, 
 were natives of the same country. With their family, numbering five children, 
 they came to America and made their way at once across the country to Knox- 
 ville, where Mr. and Mrs. Carl Nelson resided until called to the home beyond. 
 The father was one of the cholera victims of 1854 and the mother, long sur- 
 viving him, passed away in 1891. Their children were: Olie C. ; Swan, who 
 died in Jefferson City, Indiana, in 1862 ; John C. ; Mrs. Sarah Peterson ; and 
 
;;;;/ : HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY ^ V^ }< 671 
 
 Carl, who died in infancy. The father was a carpenter by trade and built the 
 first Swedish church in Knoxville but his active life was cut short not long after 
 the arrival of the family in the new world. 
 
 John C. Nelson began his education in the schools of his native country and 
 afterward continued his studies in the public schools of Knox county. He has 
 always followed farming and gardening and now devotes his attention largely 
 to horticultural pursuits, conducting a berry and fruit farm and also raising . 
 much garden produce. He plans not only to produce fruit of excellent size but ' 
 also of superior flavor and the fine varieties which he raises insures for him a ' 
 ready sale on the market. ... S-^;;;: v;.;.- ';,<.?..,,; 
 
 In March, 1872, Mr. Nelson was united in marriage to Miss Inga Rumbeck, 
 who was born in Sweden, April 9, 1848, a daughter of Carl and Johanna Rumbeck, 
 who came to America in 1869, while Mrs. Nelson arrived the following year. 
 They settled in Knoxville, where the father later passed away but the mother - 
 now lives with her son in Kewanee, Illinois. Their family numbered seven - ; 
 children, of whom four are living: George, who makes his home in Elsmore, 
 Kansas ; Olaf , of Kewanee ; John, who is living in Amherst, Nebraska ; and y 
 Mrs. Nelson. By her marriage Mrs. Nelson became the mother of eight chil- '; 
 dren, of whom one died in infancy. The others are: Amanda, now the wife 
 of Oscar Hoarven, of Galesburg, by whom she has two children, Arnold and : 
 Edna ; Qara, who is the wife of Alden Carlson, of Knoxville, and has six 
 children. Hazel, Ralph and Harold, twins, Raymond, Sullivan and Dorothy; 
 William H., who married Julia Carlson, of Knoxville, and has two children, 
 Qifford and Roland; Minnie; Carl; Eben ; and Nellie, all yet at home. The 
 parents are members of the Swedish Lutheran church, in the work of which 
 they take an active and helpful part, Mr. Nelson now being trustee and treasurer 
 of the church. He has occupied his present farm since 1854 and his residence '- 
 was erected by his father. His land is valuable because of its high cultivation '^ 
 and the improvements he has made upon it. It constitutes one of the fine and : 
 well developed farms of Knox township and the passing years bring him good 
 harvests as the reward for the care and labor he bestows upon his fields. '.v .f 
 
 ' : . .' : V ROBERT E. DAVIDSON. V / : ^'^ '- ^''r-^' \/ 
 
 Robert E. Davidson is identified with the business interests of Henderson 
 through his conduct of a general merchandising establishment, in which he is 
 meeting with merited success. He is a native of Knox county, born in Hender- 
 son township, March i8, 1876, a son of G. W. and Serepta (Baer) Davidson, 
 the former of Irish descent, born near Springfield, Illinois, and the mother also 
 bom near that city. The father was for many years engaged in farming but 
 he is now living retired in Henderson. More extended mention of him is made 
 on -another page of this volume. ,.-...-.;-..-,.- .-r^.. ; 
 
 Robert E. Davidson acquired his education in the common schools and when 
 he reached years of manhood engaged in farming, the occupation to which he 
 had been reared. After a few years, however, he abandoned agricultural pur- 
 suits and opened a general merchandising establishment, which has claimed his 
 
 
672 HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY I. 
 
 time and attention to the present time. He carries a stock of goods of the best 
 quality and this, combined with his moderate prices and courteous treatment of 
 his patrons, has built up a good business and made this one of the best known 
 enterprises in this section of the county. : 
 
 Mr. Davidson was married, September 29, 1898, to Miss Lola Dunbar, a 
 daughter of G. W. and Eva (McElheny) Dunbar, old settlers of Knox county, 
 the father being engaged in farming and he also operates a threshing machine 
 in the summer seasons. Unto Mr. and Mrs. Davidson has been born one daughter, 
 Doris. 
 
 Politically Mr. Davidson is independent. A public-spirited citizen, he has 
 been called by his fellow townsmen to fill various positions of trust and responsi- 
 bility, having served two terms as supervisor of the township, while he has also 
 acted as township and village clerk of Henderson. Although yet a young man 
 he has already achieved success in his chosen field of labor and undoubtedly the 
 future holds in store for him still greater success. 
 
 " ^ JEPTHA REALS HATHAWAY. ' , . :/ 
 
 Jeptha Beals Hathaway, who is one of the most progressive agriculturists 
 of Lynn township, was born March 23, 1860, in Galva, Illinois, his parents being 
 Arthur Fields and Jane (Mowatt) Hathaway, the former a native of Berkshire 
 county, Massachusetts, and the latter a native of Dundee, Scotland. The father's 
 birth occurred on the 2ist of October, 1820, and he came west at the early age of 
 fifteen years with the intention of living with his brother in Michigan. Upon his 
 arrival there he engaged in various occupations until 1850. In that year he left 
 St. Joseph, Missouri, on the 8th of May with several friends from Pennsylvania 
 for the west, arriving at Weavertown, California, on the 8th of August, 1850. 
 In 1852, however, he returned east, going by way of the isthmus of Panama to 
 New York city. Subsequently he went to Michigan, where he engaged in the 
 lumber business with the J. Beidler & Brother Lumber Company, with head- 
 quarters at Muskegon. It was while he was thus engaged in business that on 
 the loth of May, 1855, he married Jane Mowatt and, on January 12, of the fol- 
 lowing year, left for Galva, Illinois. Here he engaged in the lumber business 
 for eighteen years previous to removing with his family to Lynn township, 
 Knox county, in 1874, where he farmed until 1883, when he returned to his late 
 residence at Galva, where he si>ent the remainder of his life, his death occurring 
 August 13, 1894. Mrs. Hathaway left her native country with her parents when 
 she was but one year old and settled in Brockville, Canada. She was a daughter 
 of John and Mary Mowatt and her death occurred at the age of sixty-five years, 
 December 28, 1890. Of the children of Mr. and Mrs. Hathaway three besides 
 the subject of this sketch survive : Celinda, who is the wife of Amos Barlow ; 
 Abbie ; and Jane. All are residents of Galva. 
 
 After laying aside his text-books Jeptha B. Hathaway worked for his father 
 on the home farm until the latter's death and subsequently, with Amos Barlow, 
 his brother-in-law, he continued the cultivation of the home place. After his 
 marriage he removed to the old loghouse which still exists on the father's farm 
 
MR. AND MRS. J. B. HATHAWAY 
 
672 HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY 
 
 time and attention to the present time. He carries a stock of goods of the best 
 (juality and this, combined with his moderate prices and courteous treatment of 
 his patrons, has built up a good business and made this one of the best known 
 enterjjrises in this section of the county. I . . 
 
 Mr. Davidson was married, September 29, 1898, to Miss Lola Dunbar, a 
 daughter of G. \V. aud Eva (McElheny) Dunbar, old settlers of Knox county, 
 the father being engaged in farming and he also operates a threshing machine 
 in the summer seasons. I'nto Mr. and Mrs. Davidson has been born one daughter, 
 Doris. 
 
 Politically Mr. Davidson is independent. A public-spirited citizen, he has 
 been called by his fellow townsmen to fill various positions of trust and responsi- 
 bility, having served two terms as supen'isor of the township, while he has also 
 acted as township and village clerk of Henderson. Although yet a yoiuig man 
 he has already achieved success in his chosen field of labor and undoubtedly the 
 future holds in store for him still greater success. 
 
 ; . JEPTHA DEALS HATHAWAY. V 
 
 Jeptha Pieals Hathaway, who is one of the most progressive agriculturists 
 of Lynn township, was born March 23. 1860, in Galva. Illinois, his parents being 
 Arthur Fields and Jane (Mowatt) Hathaway, the former a native of Berkshire 
 county, Massachusetts, and the latter a native of Dundee, Scotland. The father's 
 birth occurred on the 2ist of October, 1820, and he came west at the early age of 
 fifteen years with the intention of living with his brother in Michigan. Upon his 
 arrival there he engaged in various occupations until 1850. In that year he left 
 St. Joseph, Missouri, on the 8th of May with several friends from Pennsylvania 
 for tlie west, arriving at Weavertown, California, on the 8th of August, 1850. 
 In 1852, however, he returned cast, going by way of the isthmus of Panama to 
 Xew York city. Subse(|uently he went to Michigan, where he engaged in the 
 lumber business with the J. I'eidler & Brother Lumber Company, with head- 
 quarters at Muskegon. It was while he was thus engaged in business that on 
 the lOth of May, 1855, he married Jane Mowatt and, on January 12, of the fol- 
 lowing year, left for Galva, Illinois. Here he engaged in the lumber l)usiness 
 for eighteen years previous to removing with his family to Lynn township, 
 Knox county, in 1874. where he farmed until 1883, when he returned to his late 
 residence at Galva, where he spent the remainder of his life, his death occurring 
 .August 13, 1894. Mrs. Hathaway left her native country with her parents when 
 she was but one year oM and settled in Brockville, Canada. She was a daughter 
 of John and Mary Mowatt and her death occurred at the age of sixty-five years, 
 December 28, i8(/). Of the children of Mr. and Mrs. Hathaway three besides 
 the subject of this sketch survive: Celinda, who is the wife of Amos Barlow; 
 Abbie : and Jane. All are residents of Galva. 
 
 After laying aside his text-books Jeptha B. Hathaway worked for his father 
 on the home farm until the latter's death and subsequently, with Amos Barlow, 
 his brother-in-law, he continued the cultivation of the home place. After his 
 marriage he removed to the old loghouse which still exists on the father's farm 
 
MR. A\D MRS. .T. 15. IIATHAWAV 
 
^i v^ ^:: :- ":^ HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY : 675 
 
 and after nine years' residence there spent a year at Galva until the family estate 
 was settled. At that time he came to his present farm, which is one of the most 
 completely and modernly equipped and cultivated farms in this section. Among 
 the many unusual improvements which he has added is his own electric power 
 plant. 
 
 On the 2d of March, 1886, Mr. Hathaway was married to Miss Edith Jones, 
 whose birth occurred June 15, 1862, and who died March 30, 1902. She was a 
 daughter of Walter N. and Adeline (James) Jones, both natives of England. 
 The father, who is now deceased, after arriving in this country spent his life in 
 Ohio. Mr. and Mrs. Jones were the parents of seven children : Charles, an agri- 
 culturist of Galva ; James, who is residing on his farm in Lynn township ; Lotta, 
 the wife of C. Mason, of St. Joseph, Missouri; George N., an auctioneer and 
 stock-raiser of Lynn township ; Hortense, who married F. Mason, of St. Joseph, 
 Missouri ; William, also residing in St. Joseph ; and Edith, who was Mrs. Hath- 
 away. 
 
 ;. Mr. and Mrs. Hathaway were the parents of three children: Alta Adeline, 
 whose birth occurred July i, 1894; Howard Raymond, who was born August 
 27, 1899; ^"d Walter Field, whose death occurred in infancy. Mr. Hathaway 
 gives his political support to the republican party and, although he is thoroughly 
 alive to the issues of the day and interested in all the measures and policies of 
 his party, he has never desired office. He holds membership in the Knights of 
 Pythias, the Modern Woodmen of America and the Yeomen, all of Galva. He 
 has persevered in the pursuit of a persistent purpose and has gained a satisfactory 
 reward. His life is exemplary in all respects and he has ever supported those 
 interests which are calculated to uplift and benefit humanity, while his own high 
 moral worth is deserving of highest commendation. 
 
 -:/':,'.',;;''_' ^:'..^,:rC'v c w. ROBERTSON. ;'.. . "^:'-^^:;,:^VuV^ 
 
 One of the moving spirits in the commercial and industrial life of Abingdon 
 
 is C. W. Robertson, vice-president of the American Sanitary Factory, in which 
 
 : he is a heavy stockholder. He is also director of the Abingdon State Bank, having 
 
 been one of the original organizers of this institution. His investments in other 
 
 ' local concerns testify to his progressive spirit toward the upbuilding of his home 
 
 ' . manufactories and his loyalty to the community ideals of growth and prosperity. 
 
 Like many a successful man in our nation he began his career as a farmer, thus 
 
 , : securing sufficient means to retire and live in ease on the proceeds of his toil. 
 
 Mr. C. W. Robertson was born in Warren county, Illinois, May i8, 1858. 
 
 . His ancestors were Scotch, having came from Scotland to the Carolinas and 
 
 later settled in Kentucky, where his father, Isom Robertson, was born in Warren 
 
 , ' county. August 29, 1825, the latter came to Illinois with his people, who located 
 
 ' in Warren county which remained his home until his removal to Abingdon in 
 
 1878. After that he rtsided for a time in Galesburg, but returned to Abingdon, 
 
 where he now lives. The story of Mr. Robertson's rise is the story of many 
 
 ' a pioneer who came to this raw prairie with determination to wrest from its soil 
 
 V the tribute that patient industry demands. In retrospect it seems comparatively 
 
 
676 ^r HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY -:- Ovj-^ 
 
 easy to consider the laying out of a farm, where the soil is rich, and of improving 
 the land and reaping rich harvests, but those who faced the problem in the days, 
 when lack of good roads and facilities for transportation were huge obstacles to 
 contend with, will appreciate the tremendous efforts attending the success of the 
 early fanner. Mr. Robertson, however, had an added obstacle to handicap him 
 early in his struggle, one that might have disheartened many a young man. Be- 
 ginning with nothing he worked his way up until at length he was able to acquire 
 possession of a farm of one hundred and sixty acres of land. After making his 
 last payment on this, he had to forfeit the same for no fault of his own except 
 over-confidence in a friend who betrayed his trust. Several other experiences 
 of a similar nature taxed his courage and patience, but in the end success came 
 to him and today his income permits him to live not only comfortably but in 
 affluence. He spends his winters in California and his summers in Abingdon. He 
 is a member of the Christian church and in politics is a stanch republican. Be- 
 cause of unforeseen circumstances that made it difficult for him to leave home, 
 he did not enlist during the Civil war but hired a substitute who served for him. 
 His wife, formerly Miss Louisa Richie, of German and French parentage, was 
 born in New York city. Coming west she was married in Warren county, where 
 she resided up to her death. She died in 1879 and was buried at Meriden. Eleven 
 children were born by this union : Elizabeth, wife of Clinton Scoby, of St. 
 Frances, Kansas ; Emma F., the wife of Donald Lyman, of Abingdon ; C. W. 
 Robertson ; Bailey, whose tragic death occurred in the Indian Territory, where 
 his boat capsized while crossing the Spring river on a hunting and fishing trip 
 and he was drowned ; Glen I., who was kicked by a horse and killed, when only 
 five years old ; E. B., a ranchman in St. Frances, Kansas ; L. H., a stockman living 
 in Abingdon ; Etta, the wife of G. B. Walker, of Warren county, Illinois ; Lena, 
 wife of Frank Marks, of Abingdon, Illinois; Alta, wife of Howard Smith, of 
 Long Beach, California; and one child who died in infancy. 
 
 C. W. Robertson received his education in the district schools of Warren 
 county and remained at home until he was twenty-four years of age. He then 
 engaged in farming in Warren county, first on Pretty Prairie, where he remained 
 six years ; from there he went to Floyd township ; and lastly settled on a farm in 
 Berwick township. In 1900, he came to Abingdon to reside and now lives here 
 during the winter, spending part of his summers on the Berwick farm. This is a 
 large tract of valuable farm land consisting of four hundred and ninety acres 
 utilized for purposes of raising stock and grain. In the summer of 1910, Mr. 
 Robertson was cited to appear, in Washington, D. C., before the senatorial com- 
 mittee, headed by Senator Lodge, which was investigating the high cost of living. 
 His testimony was desired in regard to the comparative cost of producing beef 
 and pork during the last ten years, and, beside himself, there was only one other 
 cattle feeder from Illinois invited before the committee. The senators were 
 greatly appreciative of Mr. Robertson's clear and concise answers and figures, 
 pertaining to the subject under investigation and heartily complimented him 
 thereon. , ' ' ^ , . 'V- :-.' ' .'/. ''^~' ^'^^\- 
 
 In 1883, C. W. Robertson was united in marriage to Miss Addie Murphy, 
 a native of Warren county. They are the parents of one son, born October 7, 
 1894, who is attending high school in Abingdon. Mr. and Mrs. Robertson are 
 members of the Christian church. Mr. Robertson is actively interested in politics 
 
:1 .;'-;: ' ; V HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY - V^' ^ 677 
 
 ; :'; being a zealous republican. He has the distinction of being the only republican 
 
 :, supervisor ever elected in Berwick township, Warren county, and has held other 
 
 ' . offices. He was elected mayor of Abingdon for one term, was for nine years 
 
 a member of the school board, and for eight years has served on the Knox county 
 
 . : republican central committee. In fraternal circles he is very popular being affili- 
 
 . ated with numerous lodges. He has passed through all the chairs of the Odd 
 
 ; Fellows in Abingdon; he was a trustee of the Abingdon Knights of Pythias; 
 
 is a Mason, a member of the local lodge, in which he has held the office of treas- 
 
 ' : urer; a worthy patron of the Order of the Eastern Star, of which his wife is an 
 
 : active member; and belongs to the Dramatic Order of the Knights of Khoras- 
 
 ' san and to the Elks lodge of Galesburg. In social as well as business circles his 
 
 genial personality and spirit of good fellowship have won for him many warm 
 
 ;;... friends.-' -; ;,;>;.';: -c-'y^;- ;..':;. :.;"/. '._'.!': ... '':V'--'-^ \'.'-;:/':;-' /'' 
 
 GEORGE M. COLLINSOX. .:;:;:,-:,;:>; 
 
 ' . George M. Collinson, who is engaged in general farming and stock-raising 
 
 in Lynn township, Knox county, was born on the I2th of April, 1846, in Luzeme 
 
 . county, Pennsylvania. His grandparents also were residents of that state for 
 
 \ . a long time and there their deaths occurred. The grandfather was killed by a 
 
 . stranger whom he was entertaining in his home, when he was ninety-nine years 
 
 of age. This incident occurred near Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania, where he was 
 
 . residing. After the murder the citizens took the matter in hand, and as a result 
 
 of a careful search the guilty party was captured and made to pay the penalty 
 
 for his crime. The parents of Mr. Collinson were Thomas and Hannah (Kirby) 
 
 Collinson, both of whom were born in England, the former's birth occurring 
 
 in Billington, East Redding, Yorkshire, on the 2d of May, 1798. He came to 
 
 this country with his wife and two children, accompanied by his brother, on 
 
 ' the 4th of January, 1830, locating in Luzerne county, Pennsylvania, where he 
 
 farmed until 1852, when he came to Knox county and settled upon a farm which 
 
 /[. adjoins that which his son now owns. He spent the remainder of his life in 
 
 this county and died on the 28th of January, i88i. George Collinson was one 
 
 of ten children born to his parents, three of whom are now living, the others 
 
 being Benjamin F., of Page county, Iowa, and Louise, who is the^ wife of Thomas 
 
 McClure. The youth and boyhood of George M. Collinson were marked by 
 
 hard labor begun at an early age. When he was a lad of but nine years he was 
 
 engaged by his father to drive the team and did general farming work which he 
 
 continued until he was twenty-one years of age. On his eighth birthday he 
 
 assisted his father in building the hedge fence which still surrounds the old 
 
 ",:. farm. When he reached his majority he came to the farm upon which he is 
 
 now living, and in the cultivation of which he has constantly been engaged. In 
 
 addition to farming he carries on general stock-raising, and because of his hard 
 
 work, scientific management and enterprising spirit, he has become one of the 
 
 most prominent farmers in this section. The well equipped buildings with 
 
 which he has supplied his property and the adequate machinery to carry on 
 
678 HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY 
 
 modern agricultural pursuits attest to some degree the prosperity which he is 
 now enjoying. 
 
 Mr. Collinson is married to Miss Mary A. Murray, whose birth occurred on 
 the I4th of March, 1852, in Abingdon, Illinois. She is a daughter of George 
 W. and Eliza (Thompson) Murray, the former of whom was killed in the battle 
 of Stone River in 1862, while he was serving as a member of Company G, in 
 the Eighty -ninth Illinois Regular Volunteer Infantry. The mother's death oc- 
 curred in 1907 when she was seventy-two years of age. They were the parents 
 of one child, Mrs. Collinson. To Mr. and Mrs. Collinson five children have 
 been born : Nettie B., who is the wife of John Keck, of Oklahoma, and who 
 is the mother of three children ; Mrs. Myrtle Riner, who is now the wife of 
 John Goflf of Lynn township, and who has three children ; Isabell, who is mar- 
 ried to George Goff, of Copley township and who has two children ; Nellie, who 
 married Phil Weinrich, of Winfield, Kansas ; and Pearl, who is residing at home. 
 
 Mr. Collinson gives his political allegiance to the democratic party and he 
 has been one of its active members and enthusiastic supporters since the rights 
 of franchise were bestowed upon him. He held the office of assessor for two 
 terms, being first elected in 1878, and he has served for three terms as justice 
 of the peace of Lynn township. The prosperity which he now enjoys is due to 
 his own untiring efforts and to his substantial industrious habits. He is known 
 among his neighbors as a man who is ever willing to do not only that which 
 will increase his own prosperity, but also that which will aid in the development 
 and general welfare of the community. 
 
 :;-j;-v-.. ' ' - .- P. E. TENNERY. ^^,.x>'-: '"'/;''. ^^' 
 
 P. E. Tennery, who is one of the capable agriculturists of Elba township, 
 Knox county, owns and operates a fine farm of two hundred and forty acres 
 located four and a half miles northeast of Yates City. His birth occurred on 
 this place in 1869, his parents being N. H. and Samantha (Williams) Tennery. 
 The father was one of the pioneer settlers having located in Knox county in 
 1852, and here he engaged in farming during the entire period of his active life. 
 During the early years of his residence he operated a place a little below the 
 homestead of our subject. Subsequently he located here and spent the remainder 
 of his life on this place, his death occurring on the I5th of February, 1911, at 
 the age of eighty-eight years. He met with gratifying success in his under- 
 takings and made many and extensive improvements on his property, while he 
 brought the land under high cultivation. Of the marriage of Mr. and ^Irs. N. 
 H. Tennery there were born ten children, six of whom are living. ; 
 
 The education of P. E. Tennery was obtained in the common schools of 
 Yates City, and while pursuing his studies he was also assisting with the work 
 of the farm. After leaving school he gave his entire attention to the cultivation 
 of the home farm, first under the supervision of his father, but later he as- 
 sumed the management of the place, which he subsequently purchased. He now 
 owns two hundred and forty acres of productive land that he devotes to gen- 
 eral farming, and as he is practical and progressive in his methods he is meet- 
 
678 HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY 
 
 modern agricultural jjursuits attest to some degree the prosperity which he is 
 no\v enjoying. 
 
 Mr. Collinson is married to Miss Mary A. Murray, whose birth occurred on 
 the I4th of March. 1852. in .\bingilon. Illinois. She is a daughter of George 
 \V. and Eliza (Thompson) Murray, the former of whom was killed in the battle 
 of Stone River in i8r)2. while he was serving as a member of Com])any G. in 
 the Eighty-ninth Illinois Regular \'olunteer Infantry. The mother's death oc- 
 curred in Kp/ when she was seventy-two years of age. They were the jiarents 
 of one child. Mrs. Collinson. To Mr. and Mrs. Collinson live children have 
 been born: Xettie 15. . who is the wife of John Keck, of Oklahoma, and who 
 is the mother of three children; Mrs. Myrtle Riner. who is now the wife of 
 John Ciotf of Lynn township, and wlio lias tlirce children; Isabell. wlio is mar- 
 ried to George Goff. of C'ojjley township and who has two children; Xellie. who 
 marriefl Phil \\'einrich. of \\'infield. Kansas; and Pearl, who is residing at home. 
 
 ^Ir. C'ollinxm gives his ])olitical allegiance to the democratic party and he 
 has been one of its active members and enthusiastic sujiporters since the rights 
 of franchise were bestowed upon him. I le held tlie office of assessor for two 
 terms, being first elected in 1X78. and he has .-erved for three terms as justice 
 of the i)eace of Lynn township. The jirosperity which he now enjoys is due to 
 his own untiring eft'orts and to his substantial industrious habits. He is known 
 among his neighbors as a man \vh') is ever willing to do not only that which 
 will increase his own prns])erity. but also that which will aid in the development 
 and general welfare of the community. 
 
 .. ' P. E. TKXXERV. 
 
 .-..' 1' 
 
 P. E. Tennery. who is one of the c;i])able agriculturist-^ of Elba township, 
 Knox county, owns and operates a fine farm of two hundred and forty acres 
 located four and a half miles northeast of "S'ate-; City. His birth occurred on 
 this place in 1869, his parents being X. H. and Samantha (U'illianis) Tennery. 
 The father was one of the jiioneer settlers having located in Knox county in 
 1852. and here he engaged in farming during the entire period of his active life. 
 During the early years of his residence he operated a place a little belo\v the 
 homestead of our subject. Subse(|uently he located here and si)ent the remainder 
 of his life on this place, his death occurring on the I3th of Eebruary. i<;ii. at 
 the age of eighty-eight yc;irs. Me met with gratifying success in his under- 
 takings an<l made many and extensi\-e ini])rovcments on his j)ro|ierty. while he 
 brought the land luider high cultivation. Of the marriage of Mr. and ]\Irs. X. 
 H. Tennery there were born ten children, six of whom are living. 
 
 The education of P. E. Tennery was obtained in the common schools of 
 Yates City, and while i)ursuing his studies he was also as<i>ting with the work 
 of the farm. .After leaving school he gave his entire attention to the cultivation 
 of the home farm, first under the supervision of his father, but later he as- 
 sumed the management of the place, which he sul)sec|uently purchased. He now 
 owns two hundred and forty acres of productive land that he devotes to gen- 
 eral farming, and as he is i)ractical and progressive in his methods he is meet- 
 
;^ ;>;;;:-.-;; ^'r; HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY ^ . -^'l 681 
 
 ing with good results. In connection with the cultivation of his fields he is 
 breeding and raising stock, which undertakings result in remunerative returns. 
 
 For his wife and helpmate Mr. Tennery chose Miss Minnie Phares of Brim- 
 field township, Peoria county, and they have become the parents of two chil- 
 dren, George Edgar and Geneva May. 
 
 Fraternally Mr. Tennery is a member of the Woodmen and his wife attends 
 the Methodist Episcopal church. In his political views he is a democrat, and 
 is no.w discharging the duties of clerk of the school board. He has spent his 
 entire life in the community where he is now residing and is held in the high- 
 est respect both as a business man and a citizen, as the principles governing 
 him in both his public and private relations have ever been found to be above 
 question. 
 
 . ANDREW MAHOLLAND. ,: . ; ;:.. i 'i'^':-.''^ 
 
 Among the foreign-born residents of Knox county, Illinois, who during the 
 dark days of the Civil war came loyally to the support of their adopted country 
 is numbered Andrew Maholland, who throughout the period of his residence 
 in the United States has ever manifested the same loyalty to her welfare in his 
 citizenship. He is a native of Ireland, his birth occurring in Port Stewart, County 
 Derry, and his parents were Andrew and Jane (Stewart) Maholland. At an 
 early day the family emigrated to Glasgow, Scotland, and there four members 
 of the family, the mother, two daughters and a son, passed away as the result 
 of cholera. Shortly afterward the father with his three remaining sons crossed 
 the Atlantic to America, landing at Quebec, Canada, where they resided for a 
 year. At the expiration of that period they crossed the border into the United 
 States and came direct to Knox county, Illinois, where Andrew Maholland, Sr., 
 carried on fanning until his death. V ; /' 
 
 When yet a lad in years Andrew Maholland, of this review, took up farm- 
 ing on his own account and he was thus engaged until the outbreak of the Civil 
 war, when, on the loth of August, i86i, he enlisted for service as a private in 
 Company D, Seventh Illinois Volunteer Cavalry, with which he served until 
 February 14, 1863, when he was honorably discharged and returned home. Not 
 content to remain there, however, while the country still needed his services, he 
 reenlisted in the same company in January, 1865. He continued with his com- 
 mand until, being wounded, he was taken to the hospital, and was finally mus- 
 tered out at Nashville, Tennessee. He had served in many important engage- 
 ments, including the battle of Corinth, and his was a most honorable and credit- 
 able military record. 
 
 After the close of his military service Mr. Maholland returned to Knox 
 county, and with the exception of five years spent in Missouri has since con- 
 tinued to make this county the field of his business activity. His entire atten- 
 tion has been given to agricultural pursuits, and that substantial success has at- 
 tended his efforts is indicated by the excellent condition of his home place 
 which, under his wise direction and capable management, has been brought 
 under a high state of cultivation. He has equipped his farm with modern con- 
 
. : HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY ;/;K";: 
 
 veniences and accessories and the up-to-date and progressive methods which he 
 employs is an indication of the fact that he keeps abreast of the advancement 
 which is being made in this line of activity as well as along other lines of busi- 
 ness endeavor. 
 
 , On the 7th of November, i88i, Mr. Maholland was united in marriage to 
 Sarah Ogden, who was born in Ohio, a daughter of David and Rachel (Freeze) 
 Ogden. The parents, who are both deceased, came to Illinois at an early day 
 and here the father was engaged as a millwright throughout his remaining .days. 
 The religious belief of Mr. Maholland is that of the Methodist church, while 
 his fraternal relations are with Abingdon Post, No. 58, G. A. R. In politics he 
 has ever been a republican, remaining a strong advocate of the party which 
 was the support of the nation during the dark days of the Civil war. His life 
 has been actuated by a public-spirited interest in his adopted country and its 
 welfare, and in all matters pertaining to the upbuilding and development of 
 the immediate community in which he resides, his influence is ever upon the 
 side of progress and advancement. With him industry, diligence and persever- 
 ance have constituted the guiding posts of life, bringing him to the creditable 
 position which he now occupies among the prosperous and substantial residents 
 of Cedar township. . . : = . 
 
 : :';:;{ MRS. ANNA O. BRINK KRANS. ^ ;:.;: 
 
 Mrs. Anna O. Brink Krans is the widow of George E. Krans, who was a 
 farmer of Walnut Grove township, where he died January 13, 1908. The fam- 
 ily has long been prominent in this part of the county and Mrs. Krans is well 
 known here. She was born September 19, 1851, in Uggelbo, Sweden, and came 
 to America when eighteen years of age, taking up her abode upon the farm on 
 which she now resides. She was employed as a domestic in the neighborhood 
 until her marriage and in 1869 she became the wife of George E. Krans, who 
 was born in Uggelbo, Sweden, August 19, 1847, a son of Eric and Anna (Olson) 
 Krans. It was in the year 1855 that his grandfather came with his wife and 
 family to Illinois, settling first in Wataga. The members of the family followed 
 farming all their lives, first at the little town then called Log City. They later 
 came to Walnut Grove township in 1864, settling upon a tract of land which 
 was then improved with a small log house. A short time later he replaced this 
 by a frame residence, to which he afterward added and further improved. In 
 time he converted his land into rich and productive fields and resided upon that 
 place almost to the time of his death. He was born June 13, 1807, and died in 
 1897 at the venerable age of ninety years. On the 4th of March, of the same 
 year, his wife passed away, being then eighty-five years of age. Both were 
 members of the Lutheran church and they were honored and respected because 
 of their sterling worth and also by reason of the fact that they were numbered 
 among the pioneer settlers of the township, who contributed much to its de- 
 velopment and improvement. 
 
 Their son, George E. Krans, shared with the family in the usual experiences, 
 hardships and trials of pioneer life and aided in the arduous task of developing 
 
: : ^ . ;' HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY ; ;i; V 683 
 
 new land. He had had broad and practical experience as a farmer, when he 
 was married and began fanning on his own account. He and his wife began 
 housekeeping upon what is still known as the Krans homestead with the grand- 
 parents, who two years before their death removed to Altona, where they passed 
 away, being laid to rest in Walnut Grove cemetery. Mr. and Mrs. Krans worked 
 earnestly, diligently and indefatigably to gain a start, and success eventually 
 crowned their labors, making them owners, of one of the fine farms of the 
 northern part of the county. As the years passed by, several children were 
 added to the household. The first son, Victor, born March ii, 1871, is now 
 manager of a creamery at Victoria, Illinois. He married Esther Carlson and 
 they have two sons. Carl and Paul. Theodore Charles, born March 6, 1873, 'S 
 a carpenter of Victoria. John Alf, born February 25, 1875, in Lynn township, 
 married Emily Hallerstrum and they have three children, Harold, Donald and 
 Franklin. Oscar Peter, born October 7, 1877, manages the home farm. He is 
 well known in the community as an enterprising young business man, also as a 
 faithful member of the Methodist church of Victoria and as a stalwart supporter 
 of the republican party. David and Jonathan were twins, born April 23, i88i ; 
 the former a resident of Wheaton, Minnesota, was married in 1911. Julius, 
 born July ii, 1888, Lawrence Otto, born March 25, 1890, and Laura Ottilia, the 
 twin sister of Lawrence, are all at home and the last named is managing the 
 household for her mother. She is a member of the Epworth League. One 
 child, Mandel R., born May 25, 1893, died on the 8th of August of the same year. 
 George E. Krans gave his political allegiance to the republican party and held 
 some of the township offices. He was very active as a worker for his party, 
 for he believed firmly in its principles and earnestly sought its success. He 
 served for three terms as a member of the school board and was a stalwart 
 champion of the cause of education. The greater part of his life was passed 
 in Illinois, for he was only eight years of age when brought to Knox county. 
 For fifty-three years he lived to witness its growth and development and was 
 always interested in what was accomplished and in as far as possible aided in 
 the work of progress and improvement. He was always straightforward and 
 honorable in his business dealings and his fellow townsmen learned to know that 
 what he promised he would do. The Krans family has long been a leading one 
 in the northern part of the county and their friends are many. 
 
 .;-.:''--'.":''." : \ .-: ---.^'C:^ SILAS POTTS. ';<;-':;. '''-' '^^'.^'^r:-^''-\-'--' 
 
 > Silas Potts, one of the very successful agriculturists of Indian Point town- 
 ship, was born in Fulton county, Illinois, on May lo, 1859. He is a son of Lewis 
 and Emily (Bodwell) Potts, natives of Ohio, who were married in Illinois. 
 When he first came to this state Mr. Potts located in the vicinity of London 
 
 > Mills, Fulton county, where he engaged in farming until his death in 1895. The 
 " mother passed away in 1903. The family of Mr. and Mrs. Potts numbered eight 
 
 children : Alexander and Caroline, both of whom are deceased ; Silas and Cyrus, 
 twins, the former our subject, and the latter a resident of Abingdon, Illinois; 
 
'" HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY ''- ^ ' : ; 
 
 ' : ' ; . . '' 
 
 Florence, the wife of Sidney Smith, of Fulton county, Illinois; Cora, who is 
 unmarried and living at London Mills ; and two who died in infancy. 
 
 The early years in the life of Silas Potts were passed in the unvaried routine 
 that characterizes the rural districts. His winters were largely devoted to pur- 
 suing his education in the common schools located in the vicinity of his home, 
 while the summer months were occupied with such tasks as devolve upon the 
 farmer lad, his duties and responsibilities increasing with the passing years. 
 
 Having mastered the common branches and being familiar with the methods of 
 
 practical farming when he had attained his majority, he left the parental roof 
 .; and began to make his own fortune. For nine years thereafter he followed the 
 
 vocation of farming in his native county and then removed to Knox county. 
 He first located near Abingdon, where for eleven years he farmed as a renter. 
 
 ' Under his capable supervision and intelligent application financial returns mounted 
 
 up and at the expiration of that period his circumstances were such, that he 
 
 ... could purchase a place of his own and he bought his present homestead. This 
 
 property contains one hundred and forty acres of land on section 28, Indian 
 
 Point township. The value of the farm, which is in a high state of cultivation, 
 
 has been greatly enhanced by the substantially constructed and well kept build- 
 : ings erected upon it and is one of the most attractive farms in the township. 
 
 ^: Progressive in his methods, yet conservative in his ideas, Mr. Potts' efforts have 
 always been so intelligently directed that he has succeeded in realizing substan- 
 
 ; tial returns upon the expenditure of his energies. He is now recognized as 
 one of the prosperous and capable agriculturists of the community, whose suc- 
 . cess is the well merited reward of personal endeavor. 
 
 Mr. Potts' plans for a home of his own had their consummation in his mar- 
 riage in 1888 to Miss Mary C. Childs, who is a native of Fulton county, this 
 state. One son, Raymond, now twenty-two years of age has been bom of this 
 union. After completing the common-school course, he entered Brown's Busi- 
 ness College of Galesburg, from which institution he was subsequently gradu- 
 
 - ated. His attention has been directed to commercial pursuits and he is now a 
 resident of Abingdon. 
 
 Both Mr. and Mrs. Potts hold membership in the Christian church, and 
 fraternally he is a member of the Modern Woodmen of America, being affiliated 
 with the St. Augustine Lodge, and the Royal Americans. His political rights 
 Mr. Potts has always exercised in support of the men and measures of the 
 democratic party, but he has never been an office seeker. During the twenty- 
 two years of his residence in Knox county he has become quite well known and 
 numbers among its citizens many loyal friends. 
 
 - J.-- EDWARD DAVISON. ; /.;; ^ ' 
 
 The superiority of business opportunities and advantages in America is fully 
 realized by Edward Davison, who, on coming to the new world when a young 
 man, worked earnestly and persistently and eventually gained a competency that 
 now enables him to live in honorable retirement in a comfortable home in Hen- 
 derson. Mr. Davison was born in Northumberland county, England, Septem- 
 
;j ;v;' V . : ;. HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY ;-:>': 685 
 
 ber 9, 1839, a son of Robert and Mary (Charlton) Davison, who were likewise 
 
 I; . natives of that country, where the father was engaged in the shoe business. 
 
 ' V . Edward Davison acquired his education in the common schools of his native 
 
 : country and after completing his studies began learning the shoemaker's trade, 
 
 which he followed there for some time. When a young man, foreseeing that 
 
 there was no future for him in England, and having heard and read a great 
 
 deal about the freedom and the opportunity for advancement in this country, 
 
 he decided to try his fortune in the new world. Accordingly he set sail for 
 
 America and soon after coming to this country he located in Henderson in 
 
 . 1864, where he resumed his work at the shoemaker's trade. In 1871, having 
 
 , saved a sum of money, he purchased ninety acres of land, which he improved 
 
 and cultivated during the remainder of his active life. He has now put aside 
 
 all business cares, however, and is living retired in a pleasant home in Hender- 
 
 ' son, surrounded by the comforts of life and a host of warm friends. 
 
 - : Just prior to his emigration to the new world, Mr. Davison was married, in 
 
 June, 1864, the lady of his choice being Miss Jane Davison, a daughter of John 
 
 and Alice (Stobert) Davison, both natives of England. The former was a 
 
 blacksmith by trade, following that pursuit throughout his entire life. Both he 
 
 : and his wife are now deceased. Unto Mr. and Mrs. Davison of this review 
 
 have been born eight children but only five now survive. Minnie, the eldest, has 
 
 passed away. John is the next in order of birth. Joseph has also departed this 
 
 , life. Alice is the wife of James A. Miller, a farmer of Seward county, Nebraska, 
 
 by whom she has two children. Glen and Harvey. Lizzie remains at home with 
 
 her parents. Edward is deceased. Nellie is the wife of E. G. Pitman, a farmer 
 
 of Kansas and they have four living children, Fannie, Phillip, Helen, and Alice, 
 
 . . while Gladys, the fourth of the family, is deceased. Ray, the youngest of the 
 
 ; family, and now following railroading, lives in Galesburg, is married and has 
 
 : two children, Theodore and Wilmarth. 
 
 ;' Mr. Davison has always given his political support to the men and measures 
 
 of the republican party. He has taken an active part in public affairs, having 
 for more than thirty years served as township treasurer, a fact which is indicative 
 of his honesty and trustworthiness. He also filled the office of supervisor for 
 more than five years and served as highway commissioner for a decade, while 
 at the present time he is serving as assessor for the town. Through his public 
 and private life he has exerted an immeasurable influence in the community in 
 which he has so long made his home and to know him is to respect and honor 
 
 . him, for he possesses those sterling qualities of manhood which never fail to 
 command the highest regard. 
 
 . V '':.':-: CHARLES ABRAHAMSON. ;: '\ ''K^^ 
 
 Charles Abrahamson, foreman for the Chicago. Burlington & Quincy Rail- 
 road, residing at Altona. was born November 20. 1851. in Jonkoping Ian, Sweden. 
 His grandfather. Swan Abrahamson, was a miller by trade and also served as 
 custodian of the parish church and leader of the church choir. His father. 
 Swan Abrahamson, Jr., was born in Sweden in 1805 ^"d there learned the 
 
686 . HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY 
 
 miller's trade, but during the greater part of his life followed farming in Sweden 
 and also acted as custodian of the Swedish Lutheran church. He married Tina 
 Morganson, who was born in i8io and was a daughter of Swan Morganson. 
 The death of Swan Abrahamson, Jr., occurred in 1874, while his wife survived 
 him until 1879. In their family were eight children, of whom three are now 
 living: Charles; John, who is a resident of Kewanee, Illinois; and Stena, the 
 wife of John Johnson, of Iowa. 
 
 The educational opportunities of Charles Abrahamson were quite limited 
 owing to the necessity of providing for his own support at an early age. He 
 followed the miller's trade for four years, working in the employ of others, and 
 in 1872, upon attaining his majority, came alone to the new world, making his 
 way to Bureau county, Illinois, where he engaged in farming for three years. 
 He then took up railroading, which he followed for seven years, and in 1882 he 
 came to Altona. He has been in the employ of the Chicago, Burlington & 
 Quincy Railroad for thirty-six years and has been foreman for twenty-nine 
 years. He is one of the oldest in the service of the company on the Illinois 
 division and his faithfulness and capability are indicated in his long retention 
 
 by the company. -/':' '^ ''^' '' ^ :':. ':-;:>!- 
 
 Mr. Abrahamson was united in marriage to Miss Caroline Swanson, who was 
 bom in the same part of Sweden as her husband, her natal day being May 4, 
 1847. She was a daughter of Swan Peterson and came to America a year after 
 the arrival of Mr. Abrahamson, settling in Bureau county, Illinois, where they 
 were married. Unto them have been born six children. August, who is now a 
 train dispatcher at Aurora, Illinois, married Teckla Thumrod, of Sterling, Illinois, 
 and has two children, Ruth and Malcolm. Helma is the wife of Alf Norene 
 and has three children, Edna, Theodore and Harold. Oscar, an operator at 
 Galesburg, lost his first wife, Mrs. Grace Abrahamson, who died leaving a son, 
 Clarence, who has been reared by his grandfather, while the father married 
 again, Frances Winrod, of Galesburg, becoming his wife. Herbert, who is an 
 operator on the Chicago, Burlington & Quincy at Galesburg, married Delia 
 Hanson and has three children, Arthur, Delos and Erma. Albert, the youngest 
 of the family, is now nineteen years of age. Emma died when but nine months 
 of age. 
 
 The parents are members of the Swedish Lutheran church of Altona and 
 are prominent representatives of the people of their nationality who have done 
 so much for the upbuilding and improvement of the northern part of the county. 
 
 ;4'-: EDWIN P. WILLIAMSON. ;;;; 
 
 Equally capable of pursuing business enterprises and farming, Edwin P. 
 Williamson has established for himself a reputation that is known throughout 
 Knox county. Agriculturists know him for his success both in general farming 
 and stock-raising. He was born March 13, 1870, on the old homestead, where 
 he now resides and where the old home still stands. His father, William Wil- 
 liamson, was a native of Sweden, born October lo, 1833. When seven'teen 
 years old he accompanied his parents, Olof and Margaret Olofson to America. 
 

 '''.<- .*'- ' - '-^ . . '. ., . ' ;, 
 
 X 
 
 5: 
 
 X. 
 
 < 
 
 X 
 X 
 
686 HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY 
 
 miller's trade, but during the greater part of his life followed farming in Sweden 
 and also acted as custodian of the Swedish Lutheran church. He married Tina 
 Morganson. who was born in i8io and was a daughter of Swan Morganson. 
 The death of Swan Abrahamson. Jr., occurred in 1874, while his wife survived 
 him until 1879. In their family were eight children, of whom three are now 
 living: Charles; John, who is a resident of Kewanee, Illinois; and Stena, the 
 wife of John Johnson, of Iowa. 
 
 The educational opportunities of Charles Abrahamson were quite limited 
 owing to the necessity of providing for his own support at an early age. He 
 followed the miller's trade for four years, working in the employ of others, and 
 in 1872, upon attaining his majority, came alone to the new world, making his 
 way to Bureau county, Illinois, where he engaged in farming for three years. 
 He then took up railroading, which he followed for seven years, and in 1882 he 
 came to Altona. He has been in the employ of the Chicago, Burlington & 
 Quincy Railroad for thirty-si.x years and has been foreman for twenty-nine 
 years. He is one of the oldest in the service of the company on the Illinois 
 division and his faithfulness and capability are indicated in his long retention 
 by the company. ' : 
 
 Mr. Abrahamson was united in marriage to Miss Caroline Swanson, who was 
 born in the same part of Sweden as her husband, her natal day being May 4, 
 1847. She was a daughter of Swan Peterson and came to America a year after 
 the arrival of Mr. Abrahamson, settling in Bureau county, Illinois, where they 
 were married. Unto them have been born six children. August, who is now a 
 train dispatcher at .Aurora, Illinois, married Teckla Thumrod, of Sterling, Illinois, 
 and has two children, Ruth and ^Malcolm. Helma is the wife of Alf Xorene 
 and has three children, Edna, Theodore and Harold. Oscar, an operator at 
 Galesburg, lost his first wife, Mrs. Grace Abrahamson, who died leaving a son, 
 Clarence, who has been reared by his grandfather, while the father married 
 again, Frances Winrod, of Galesburg, becoming his wife. Herbert, who is an 
 operator on the Chicago, Burlington & Quincy at Galesburg, married Delia 
 Hanson and has three children, Arthur, Delos and Erma. Albert, the youngest 
 of the family, is now nineteen years of age. Emma died when but nine months 
 of age. 
 
 The parents are members of the Swedish Lutheran church of Altona and 
 are prominent representatives of the people of their nationality who have done 
 so much for the upbuilding and improvement of the northern part of the county. 
 
 V EDWIN P. WILLIAMSON. 
 
 Equally capable of pursuing business enterprises and farming, Edwin P, 
 Williamson has established for himself a reputation that is known throughout 
 Knox county. Agriculturists know him for his success both in general farming 
 and stock-raising. He was born March 13, 1870, on the old homestead, where 
 he now resides and where the old home still stands. His father, William Wil- 
 liamson, was a native of Sweden, born October lo, 1833. When seven'teen 
 years old he accompanied his parents, Olof and Margaret Olofson to America. 
 
X 
 
 7. 
 
 X 
 X 
 
' :5;'- ^ HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY ;;:; 689 l^'^^V- 
 
 William Williamson was one of six children that grew up, namely: Jonas, who -; . ^. 
 died in 1893; Peter, who lives at Chariton, Iowa; Margaret, the wife of W. C. ; ' ' 
 
 Olson; Moses, who lives in Galesburg; and John, who died in the Civil war, a --rV- 
 soldier from Knox county. They located in Sparta township, Knox county, j. 
 Illinois, in 1850, where the father engaged in farming. In 1854 William Wil- . 
 lianison bought a part of the farm on which his son Edwin now lives and which . ;. 
 has remained in the family ever since. He was a remarkable man, a fact patent ' ; ' ^ " 
 enough, when one considers the manifold business and commercial enterprises :^ ;S 
 in which he was the prime initiator and which were closely connected with the ; 
 development and growth of the economic life of varied and widely scattered '/. 
 ' communities at various times. He conducted a general mercantile business in 
 Moline, Illinois; he owned a flour mill at Qay Center, Kansas; in partnership -'v ' 
 with his brother he owned the Wataga Flour Mill, one of the oldest flour mills . ':, . 
 
 in Knox county; he was a stockholder in the Galesburg National Bank and in ':;.:; 
 the Bank of Galesburg ; with his son, L. O. Williamson, he managed a store at 
 Galesburg and gave liberally for the encouragement of other business enter- . : " 
 
 prises. He was a charter member of the Swedish Lutheran church at Wataga. : >.- 
 In politics he was a loyal worker for the republican party and served as school I ; 
 trustee and as commissioner of highways. In 1903 he removed from the farm ^; . / : 
 in Sparta township to Wataga, where he died on February 13, 1906. His wife, > , 
 the mother of Edwin P. Williamson, was formerly Katharine Olson, who was .; ' 
 bom in Sweden, April 7, 1836, and died December ii, 1908. Her father, Lars ' :V - 
 Olson, brought his family to America in 1849 and settled in Sparta township. . ' 
 
 Mrs. Williamson was one of a family of four, namely: Martha, the wife of ?:; 
 Oliver Stream, of Sparta township; Lars W. Olson, who died in 1907; and ' ' 
 
 William, who died in the Civil war, a soldier from Knox county. , 
 
 On September 28, 1855, William Williamson married Katharine Olson, a . ' 
 daughter of Lars and Katharine Olson, and to them were born ten children, of '.,'' = 
 whom only five are living at the present time. Mary J. was married to A. B. . 
 
 Danielson on October 22, 1875. She died on the 5th of February, 1885, leaving -; , 
 three children, Arthur, William and George. J. Henry married Natalie Byloff on v. .' ' ' 
 March 22, 1894, and in their family are five children, George, Grace, Raymond, - ^ . . 
 Harold and Louise. M. Amelia was united in marriage on September 3, 1885, to ' ' 
 
 the Rev. A. F. Nelson. Her demise took place on the 26th of January, 1890, and ; ' 
 she is survived by two children, Blenda and Ernst. Lars O. married Mary C.- : 
 Swanson on September 17, 1885. He died December 30, 1891, and his widow -. ' : 
 survived him until June i6, 1902. Amanda C. is the fifth in order of birth. ' 
 
 Martha E. passed away January 5, 1882. The next in order of birth is Edwin t::\^ x 
 P., whose name appears at the head of this review. George E. died February y .; ! L 
 12, 1894. Frederick L. was married on April ii, 1900, to Miss Daisy V. Wick- /%/-.., 
 Strom and they are the parents of three children, Maurice, Martha and Inga-' ; v 
 borg. Alvin L., the youngest member of the family, married on December i, ' I, 
 1909, .Miss Lena McKee. On September 28, 1905, Mr. and Mrs. Williamson . ^ ' 
 celebrated the fiftieth Anniversary of their wedding. The immediate family- 
 and a number of distant relatives and devoted friends gathered at the old farm V ^^ 
 
 home round the festive board and later on a group picture of the golden wedding ^ >: -' 
 guests was taken, which appears in connection with this sketch. Later in the 
 
 ToL 
 
690 HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY 
 
 afternoon two receptions were held at the town home by the worthy couple, 
 which were largely attended. 
 
 After the usual schooling in the elementary branches taught in the district 
 schools, Edwin P. Williamson began his career as a clerk in his father's store 
 in Moline. He remained there two years and in 1889 went home and farmed 
 for the next four years. At the death of his brother George he took charge of 
 the Wataga Flour Mill, which he managed successfully for two years. He then 
 engaged again in farming in Henderson township, where he remained four 
 years, until in 1903 he removed to the old homestead in Sparta township. Here 
 he has lived since that time, taking charge of the management of the farm when 
 his father retired and continuing the work after his death. His agricultural 
 labors have met with unusual success, a fact attested by the flourishing condition 
 of the farm and the generous profits which accrue therefrom. He is also a 
 director of the Wataga State Bank. 
 
 On March 22, 1899, Miss Lavinnie E. Olson gave her hand in marriage to 
 Edwin P. Williamson. She was born in 1871, in Sparta township, Knox county. 
 Her father was Jonas Olson, a native of Sweden, who came to this country in 1856 
 and made his home in Sparta township, east of Wataga. His death occurred in 
 1909. His wife, the mother of Mrs. Williamson, was Anna Catherine Danielson 
 before her marriage. She was born May 22, 1852, and died in i88i. She is a 
 daughter of Andrew and Betsy (Brita) Danielson, of whom the latter is still 
 living, being in her eighty-sixth year. 
 
 To Mr. and Mrs. Williamson were born the following children : Eva Cath- 
 erine and Andrew William, twins, deceased ; Ruth Amelia, bom January 27, 
 1907 ; and Amanda Pauline, born May i6, 1909. Mr. Williamson and his wife 
 are members of the Swedish Lutheran church of Wataga, in which he holds the 
 office of trustee. His political preference is for the republican party. He has 
 served as a member of the school board two terms and for two years was high- 
 way commissioner. Ever interested in the welfare of the community, he spares 
 no efforts in promoting its advancement and encouraging its progressive spirit, 
 which is one of its marked characteristics. . . . _. 
 
 :- ^ PETER McKISSOCK. ' V ^ : 
 
 Peter McKissock is a farmer and mail agent of Walnut Grove township. 
 He was born in Wistonshire, Scotland, on November 24, 1848, and traces his 
 ancestry back to David McKissock, his great-grandfather, who was a farmer 
 of that county. He married a member of the McGaw family and they became 
 parents of Hendry McKissock, who was cavalryman during the Napoleonic wars. 
 He, too, followed farming as his life work and passed away in 1870 at the ad- 
 vanced age of eighty-four years. His wife, who bore the maiden name of 
 Jeanette McWilliam, died in 1856 at the age of sixty-five years. Their son, James 
 McKissock, father of Peter McKissock of this review, was engaged in the dairy 
 business and in farming. He married Elizabeth Hogg, who died in 1850, when 
 but twenty-two years of age, leaving Peter McKissock an only child. The 
 father afterward married again, his second union being with Sarah Pringle, 
 
^/ 'V ^ ^ ; 'f V;;. HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY . ;: V ; ^ 691 
 
 who is still living in Scotland. By the second marriage there were two sons 
 and one daughter, all of whom yet reside in the land of the heather. The 
 father, James McKissock, passed away in 1880 at the age of sixty-six years. 
 
 Following his mother's death Pet^er McKissock went to live with his grand- 
 mother and after her demise spent his days with a cousin until he came to 
 America in 1871. He made his way first to Pittsburg, Pennsylvania, where he 
 was employed at general work in a lead factory. He was next engaged in a 
 glass warehouse, where he continued until he came to Knox county, Illinois, in 
 1876. He located at Altona as manager of the Mclntosh farm, remaining in 
 charge for two years. He afterward rented a part of the farm and cultivated 
 it for five years and later he came to his present home farm, where he now 
 carries on general agricultural pursuits. It is a well developed property of one 
 hundred acres and he has brought his fields under a high state of cultivation. 
 
 In 1877 Mr. McKissock was united in marriage to Miss Elizabeth Lawrence, 
 who was born in Beaver, Pennsylvania, and is a daughter of Dr. Milton Lawrence, 
 who served several terms as associate judge of Beaver county, Pennsylvania, 
 and was married to Miss Sarah McFerran. 
 
 . Mr. McKissock is a member of the Presbyterian church of Oneida and a 
 very active worker thereof. For years he has served as one of the elders of 
 the church and was formerly clerk of the sessions of the Presbyterian church of 
 Altona. For nine years he has been superintendent of the Sunday school of 
 Walnut Grove township and he does everything in his power to promote the 
 growth of the church and its kindred interests. In 1910 he made a visit to his 
 old home in Scotland, where he remained for a period of two months. While 
 en route he visited the world's Sunday school convention at Washington, to 
 which he was sent as a delegate, having been appointed by the state committee 
 of the state association. In politics he is a republican and on the i6th of 
 November, 1902, he was made rural mail carrier out of Altona and has since 
 served in that connection. He was also elected justice of the peace of Walnut 
 Grove township, which position he filled for four years, and he has also served 
 on the Altona library board, having been one of its first directors and was one 
 of the book committee that put in the first books for the library. His coopera- 
 tion can always be counted upon to further any progressive public movement 
 and his labors are a substantial element for growth and improvement. His own 
 life is actuated by high ideals and those who know him entertain for him the 
 warm regard which is ever given in recognition of honorable, upright manhood 
 
 V-:, :.'^ ;/'--';'; DR. FRANK CHAPMAN. ' \ -. '/'V^'-'v ,:..':.-.;;;: 
 
 Dr. Frank Chapman, who for the past twelve years has been successfully 
 engaged in the practice of osteopathy in Galesburg, was born in Spring Grove 
 township. Warren county, Illinois, on the 5th of May, 1871. He is a son of 
 A. A. and Ann M. (Buck) Chapman, natives of the state of New York and the 
 parents of three children: Norman Ward, who is living in Portland. Oregon: 
 Isa, the wife of Dr. Charles Owens of Chattanooga, Tennessee; and Frank, 
 our subject. A. A. Chapman was reared in Cayuga county. New York, and 
 
692 HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY "^ V, ."V^ 
 
 there he engaged in agricultural pursuits, after leaving school, until he was . 
 twenty-two years of age. In 1856 he left the Empire state and came to Illinois, 
 locating in Warren county, where for many years he was actively engaged in - 
 farming. He passed away in Galesburg in 1908, at the age of seventy- four years, 
 but the mother is still living although she has celebrated the seventy-fifth anni- 
 versary of her birth. The paternal grandparents were Orson and Rebecca . 
 (Gifford) Chapman, whose family numbered eight: Orson G., Olean, Alexan- 
 der A., Harriet, Sophia, Kate, Abbie and Esther. The grandfather was a native 
 of Connecticut, but he subsequently removed to the state of New York, where - 
 he engaged in farming until age compelled his retirement. He passed away 
 when he was seventy-six, but the grandmother was eighty-eight at the time of 
 her death. The maternal grandparents were Norman and Maria Buck, and to - 
 them were born six daughters : Adeline, Allura, Emily, Ann M., Elizabeth and . 
 Ellen. Mr. Buck was in middle life when called to his final rest, but she lived 
 to attain the venerable age of seventy-five years. : 
 
 The youthful years of Dr. Frank Chapman were passed upon the farm, 
 where he was born in Warren county. At the usual age he entered the district 
 schools but later went to Lombard College, where he was prepared for the State 
 University. After leaving the latter institution he returned to the farm, de- 
 voting his entire time and attention to agricultural pursuits until 1897. In the 
 latter year together with his wife he went to Kirksville, Missouri, where they 
 studied osteopathy. They were awarded their degrees in February, 1899, and 
 immediately thereafter returned to Illinois, establishing an office in Galesburg 
 that they have ever since maintained. Both Dr. Chapman and his wife are very 
 well equipped for their work in every way, their preliminary preparation hav- 
 ing been most thorough as well as their professional course. They are practical 
 and also progressive in their ideas, and have most ably and satisfactorily dem- 
 onstrated their skill during the period of their residence in Galesburg. Their 
 efforts have met with very good results and they have succeeded in building up 
 a large and lucrative practice, many of their patients representing the best ,. 
 families of the city. 
 
 On the 6th of November, 1895, Dr. Chapman was married to Miss Ada P. . 
 Hinckley, a native of Galesburg and a daughter of Charles A. and Clarissa N. 
 (Root) Hinckley. Dr. Ada Chapman was reared in this city, and after com- 
 pleting the public schools she entered Knox College, from which institution she 
 was graduated in 1891. She subsequently taught in the training school of Gales- 
 burg and also in the country schools until her marriage. Her parents were ' 
 natives of the state of New York, her father having come from Elmira and her 
 mother from Camden. Mrs. Hinckley was one of the pioneers of Galesburg, 
 having accompanied her father on his removal here in 1836. She has now at- 
 tained the age of eighty years, and has passed practically her entire life in this 
 city. Mr. Hinckley came west in 1846, locating in Knoxville. He was a well 
 known farmer of Knox county, but was living retired at the time of his death, 
 which occurred on the I5th of October, 1910, in Galesburg, at the age of eighty- 
 five years. The paternal grandparents of Dr. Ada Chapman were Alfred and ' 
 Eliza (Stanley) Hinckley, who migrated here in the pioneer period and lived 
 to attain a ripe old age, he being eighty-seven at the time of his death. Six 
 children were bom to them: Charles A., Mary E., George W., William S., 
 
,-: -; ^ --.; HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY , : 'C; ' ; 693 
 
 Harriet and Francis E. The maternal grandparents were Riley and Lavinia' 
 (Butler) Root. They were natives of the state of New York, and resided at 
 Camden, that state, until her death, when he removed to Knox county, where he 
 passed his latter years. She was quite young at the time of her death, but he 
 lived to the age of seventy-six. Five children were born to them, but only two 
 lived to attain maturity : Clarissa Noble and Dency E. 
 
 Fraternally Dr. Frank Chapman is affiliated with the Independent Order of 
 Odd Fellows and the Benevolent Protective Order of Elks, while his political 
 allegiance is given to the republican party. Although Dr. Frank Chapman is 
 one of the public-spirited and progressive citizens of Galesburg, always being 
 ready to assist in forwarding every movement that he deems at all likely to 
 redound to the benefit of the community at large, he does not prominently par- 
 ticipate in political affairs. He feels that the duties and responsibilities of his 
 profession make it practically obligatory for him to devote his entire time and 
 attention to his practice, in which he is meeting with such excellent success. 
 
 ; ;::./;.- -: ;: ..; ;-'!/ SUMMERFIELD MOATS. :{ ; -^;^-X': :V.X 
 
 Summerfield Moats, who for the past fifteen years has been living retired in 
 Hermon, has since his early youth been identified with the agricultural interests 
 of Knox county. His birth occurred in Clinton county, Ohio, on the 8th of 
 July, 1845, his parents being Joseph and Hannah (James) Moats, natives of 
 Maryland, the father having been born in 1794 and the mother in i8oi. Agri- 
 cultural pursuits always engaged the attention of Mr. Moats, who took up his 
 residence in Ohio with his family during the pioneer days. After living there 
 for some years he again started westward, Illinois being his destination. Knox 
 county was then but sparsely settled, and contained large tracts of government 
 .land, covered with native timber, while there were acres of prairie still un- 
 broken. Mr. Moats bought one hundred and ninety-three acres of land, erecting 
 thereon the necessary buildings and together with his wife began the hardships 
 and privations of pioneer life. Their courage never faltered and while he was 
 busily engaged in converting his place into a productive farm, she was lending 
 him every assistance by her capable direction of the household affairs and the 
 rearing of her children. They continued to live on their homestead until their 
 death, having wielded an influence in the community that forwarded its per- 
 manent development toward the highest standards of citizenship and social life. 
 In their family were thirteen children, five of whom are still living. The 
 youngest member of the family is the son Summerfield, our subject, and the 
 eldest now living the daughter, Cordelia, who makes her home in Hermon. The 
 others in order of birth are as follows : Bennett, who is a resident of Colorado 
 City, Colorado; Josephus, also living in Hermon; and Martin, who makes his 
 home in Iowa. One son, Luther, now deceased, was a soldier in the Civil war. 
 
 It was in the district schools of his native county that Summerfield Moats 
 received his introduction to the elements of English learning. The work there 
 begun was completed after the family located in Knox county, following which 
 he turned his entire attention to farming. From his earliest boyhood he was 
 
694 : -^ - HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY .v^-:-- 
 
 trained for the work which he so successfully followed during the entire period of 
 his active career. About fifteen years ago he withdrew from the work of the fields, 
 to the plowing, planting and harvesting of which he had for more than a quarter 
 of a century devoted his energies. A man of determination and purpose his 
 sound judgment and practical methods enabled him to retire, and he and his 
 wife are now living in Hermon, enjoying the comfort and ease to which their 
 early toil so justly entitles them. 
 
 Knoxville was the scene in 1871 of the marriage of Mr. Moats and Miss 
 Emma Pettingill, who was born in Iowa, a daughter of Horace Pettingill, a farmer. 
 He is now deceased as is also the mother, Mrs. Moats being the only surviving 
 member of her family with the exception of a half-brother. To Mr. and Mrs. 
 Moats were born six children, as follows : L. C., of Colorado City, Colorado ; 
 S. E., of Monmouth, Illinois ; L. Edna Nelson, of Los Angeles, California ; 
 Blanche Kinney, of Galesburg, Illinois ; N. S. ; and R. L., who is connected with 
 the Galesburg Cornice Works, of Galesburg, Illinois. 
 
 His political allegiance Mr. Moats has always accorded to the democratic 
 party, but he never actively participated in township governmental affairs. Mrs. 
 Moats is a member of the Christian church, but he is not identified with any 
 denomination. He was a member of the Odd Fellows fraternity, belonging to 
 Hermon Lodge, No. , I. O. O. F., the principles of this organization always 
 having served as a guide in the direction of his life. -'-;"'.?:-.:. 
 
 ';V;--; ALECK O. DONASON. .v^^:;- ; -' /; ^ -v . 
 
 Aleck O. Donason was one of the well known and highly successful agri- 
 culturists of Maquon township, owning at the time of his death four hundred . 
 acres of fine land. He was born in Belmont county, Ohio, on the loth of 
 October, 1834. When a lad of six years he accompanied his parents who re- ; 
 moved from Ohio to Illinois, locating in Knox county in 1840. Here he spent. -: 
 the remainder of his life with the exception of one year when he was in Ohio. 
 
 In the acquirement of an education Aleck O. Donason attended the common 
 schools, after the completion of which he entered Lombard College at Gales- 
 burg. Reared on a farm, naturally he chose agriculture for his vocation when 
 ready to begin his independent career. His first purchase of land was an eighty- 
 acre tract, upon which he subsequently erected a fine brick residence, where he 
 lived until his death. A man of tireless energy and keen judgment he so intelli- 
 gently directed his operations, that he met with good financial returns and ex- 
 tended his holdings from time to time until they aggregated four hundred acres. 
 
 On the nth of March, 1853, Mr. Donason was united in marriage to Miss 
 Ann M. Barbero, a daughter of Nathan and Calista (Loomis) Barbero, natives 
 of New York. Mrs. Donason was also a native of the Empire state, her birth 
 having occurred in Onondaga county, on the Erie canal, on June 9, 1833. Mr. 
 and Mrs. Barbero came to Illinois in 1839, locating in Maquon township, where 
 he passed away in January, 1885. Of the union of Mr. and Mrs. Barbero : 
 there were born four children : Ann M., who became Mrs. Donason ; Lodema ; 
 Henry; and John J. The family of Mr. and Mrs. Donason numbered seven: 
 Nathan, who is the eldest member of the family, is a resident of Maquon. 
 
-? :y;^^^ HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY / -^^ 095 
 
 Jack married Minnie Sylvester and lives in Mills, Nebraska. Charles married 
 Ada D. Simpkins and is living in Spokane, Washington. Calista G. became the 
 wife of Samuel Love and is now residing in Idaho. Fred, who is living on the 
 old homestead, married Mattie Simpkins and they have had nine children, six 
 of whom are living as follows. Carl, Aleck, Ada, Kozel, Mattie and Calista; 
 those deceased are Edith, Emma and Florence. Frank married Arra Holloway 
 and lives north of town. Katie, the youngest of the family,' is deceased. Mrs. 
 Donason is still living and is the owner of four hundred acres of land, one and 
 a half miles south of Maquon. ':<-,.;' 
 
 Mr. Donason was a member of the Masonic fraternity, while his political 
 support he gave to the democratic party. He was a public-spirited man and 
 always took an active and helpful interest in governmental matters and at one 
 time most efficiently filled the office of county supervisor. He was of an in- 
 ventive turn of mind and quite an adept in machinery, being the first to con- 
 struct a road grader in this county. He passed away at Eureka Springs, October 
 6, 1880, and was laid to rest in Maquon cemetery, deeply mourned not only 
 in his immediate family but by a large circle of acquaintances, who held him 
 in hi^ esteem, -v. :;_.., ' ;"^ ;';; 'V-"- V-",.v'v' ,;.:../ ' / X ';;-;-. -'^ ' >; 
 
 ^ ;. . I - : V 7 ELIAS J. KJELLANDER. .;: . . v\ i'}:';; :;; i"-'"i :; 
 
 Representatives of foreign countries are doing much toward peopling the . 
 great middle west and among them are many Germans and Swedes who, by 
 their energy and industry, have developed productive farms and have thereby 
 added greatly to the country's wealth. Among this number is Elias J. Kjellander, 
 whose name indicates his foreign origin. He was born in Sweden, on the 7th 
 of February, 1844. In his native land Mr. Kjellander was reared and educated 
 in its public schools, also attending college for a time, and there continued to 
 dwell until i88i, in which year he came to the United States, determined to . 
 seek here the opportunities which he had heard were open to those possessing V 
 ambition, industry and perseverance. That these qualities were not foreign 
 to his nature was soon manifest in the determination with which he at once set 
 himself to earning his livelihood in a strange land, amid strange people and 
 customs. He labored for some time and the spirit of thrift, which is the birth- 
 right of the Swedish nation, was strong within him and eventually he succeeded 
 to establish himself independently as a farmer. He purchased a tract of one 
 hundred and twenty acres on sections 14 and 15, Cedar township, and to its 
 development and improvement he has since devoted his energies. As the years 
 have passed prosperity has attended his efforts and he now has well cultivated 
 fields which annually return abundant harvests as a reward for the care and 
 labor expended upon them. 
 
 In 1884 Mr. Kjellander was united in marriage to Miss Antoinette Johnson, . 
 a native of Sweden, who in 1864 came to America in company with her parents, 
 both of whom are now deceased. They located in Galesburg, Knox county, 
 Illinois, where their remaining days were devoted to agricultural pursuits. 
 Unto Mr. and Mrs. Kjellander have been born four sons, as follows: Everett 
 and Anton, both residing in Canada; Justus, who lives in Warren county, 
 
696 ^ HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY : :'< ^ t 
 
 Illinois ; and Frederick, who resides at home and assists his father in his farm- 
 ing interests. The family are all members of the Swedish Lutheran church, 
 and are highly respected throughout the community in which they live, for 
 their many excellent traits of character. Since naturalization bestowed upon 
 Mr. Kjellander the privileges of citizenship he has given his political allegiance 
 to the republican party and of the interests and institutions of his adopted 
 country he has ever been a stalwart supporter. He has had no occasion to 
 regret his determination to seek his fortune in this country, for here he has 
 found the opportunities which he sought and in their wise utilization has won 
 creditable success. 
 
 y,.,;:;;-., THOMPSON L. ROUTH. ; : ,^ 
 
 Included in the number of Illinois' prosperous husbandmen is Thompson L. 
 Routh, an inhabitant of Knox county for many years. His grandparents, John 
 and Nancy (Moon) Routh lived in Ohio, where his father, Joseph M. Routh, 
 was born, January 22, 1813, and where Thompson L. was bom, April 21, 1850. In 
 the general emigrations from Ohio westward during the middle decades of the 
 nineteenth century the Routh family joined the moving current of population. 
 The grandfather had died of the cholera in Ohio, but the grandmother, Nancy 
 Morris, the mother of Mrs. Joseph M. Routh, with the others, traveling in 
 wagons, came to Knox county. They paused for awhile in Hermon and then 
 settled on a farm which the father, Joseph M. Routh, purchased on section 19 
 of Chestnut township in the fall of 1852. There he lived all his life with the 
 exception of a few years when he made London Mills, Illinois, his home. His 
 wife, the mother of Thompson L. Routh, in her maidenhood bore the name 
 Rutisha Morris. Her people lived in Virginia at the time of her birth. Her 
 marriage to Mr. Routh was blessed with the birth of four children, of whom 
 Thompson L. is the only one surviving. The others were : Cornelius, who died 
 in 1868; Thomas James, who served one year in the Seventh Illinois Cavalry 
 and died in 1896; and an infant child that died in its first year. The mother 
 lived to be eighty-seven years old, passing away at the home of her son in 1904. 
 Her husband had attained nearly the same age, his death having occurred in 
 1899 at the age of eighty-six years. They are buried side by side in the Hermon 
 cemetery. 
 
 Thompson L. Routh was reared upon the home farm, working in the fields 
 from the time he was old enough to handle a plow. He attended the district 
 schools of the vicinity. When he was twenty-one years old he located on section 
 19, where he devoted himself to thorough farming according to the efficient 
 methods in which his father had trained him. He chose for a helpmate Miss 
 Mary C. Leigh, to whom he was married the following year, in 1872. She was 
 born August 6, 1853, ^^ the place where she now resides. Her parents were 
 Clark and Sally (Long) Leigh, the father a native of Gallia county, Ohio, where 
 he was born March 2, 1831. In 1836 his father came to Knox county, Illinois, 
 on horseback to look over the ground with the view of locating here. Being im- 
 pressed with the promising growth of the agricultural prospects of this region, 
 he returned to Ohio and brought his family by wagon to Illinois. They settled 
 
; :; : :^ HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY . j..':^^5;-:. 697 
 
 near Hermon. They were accompanied thither by the Leigh family whose an- 
 cestors had been English. Archibald Long, Mrs. Thompson's maternal grand- 
 father, was an exhorter and had a church in his home until the small congrega- 
 tion which came to worship there had raised the means with which to erect a 
 church, when he contributed the lot upon which it was built, the Methodist 
 Episcopal church at Hermon, and where it still stands. He also laid out the 
 town of Hermon. Here- her father grew to manhood and after his marriage set 
 up his household in a cottage on the site, where Mr. and Mrs. Thompson L. 
 Routh now live. Later they built a large, comfortable home, living in this until 
 their deaths. Mr. Clark Leigh's death occurred in 1866 and his wife passed away 
 on April 2, 1911, having on March 7, 1888, married D. W. Shaflfer. Mr. and 
 Mrs. Dark Leigh are buried at Hermon. They had two children, Curtis A., a 
 merchant tailor in Chicago and Mary C., the wife of the subject of this sketch. 
 Mary C. Leigh received her education in the country schools near her home and 
 at Hedding College, and after completing her schooling she remained at home 
 until her marriage. She became the mother of two children : J. Arthur, whose 
 sketch is included in this volume; and Bessie Leigh, born February 14, 1886, 
 and died August 20, 1896. .X ' 
 
 For the past two years Mr. and Mrs. Thompson L. Routh have been living 
 in the home once occupied by the latter's father. They began their married 
 life on section 19, Chestnut township, where they lived in a modest cottage for 
 several years. The farm on section 19, consisting of eighty acres of valuable 
 land is still owned by Mr. Routh. His wife owns a farm of one hundred and 
 sixty acres, as well as forty acres in Fulton county, Illinois. 
 
 Mr. Routh and his wife are both faithful church workers, the latter is the 
 treasurer of the Methodist church and for years was steward ; the former is 
 elder and deacon in the Christian church. Mr. Routh is a republican. For 
 four years he served as town clerk and at present is assessor of his township. 
 For his adherence to high moral principles and his uprightness in his business 
 dealings he is regarded as one of the exemplary men of his community. 
 
 ',. ,"''"'':" ;.^':;'/:-">:,:;^\-V-:N. JOHN LARSON. V;..'^';\ / \r-:;-rJ:w:^v^":- ^^- 
 
 N. John Larson, who is engaged in farming on section 32, Knox township, 
 where he owns and cultivates a good tract of land, was born in Sweden, May 7, 
 1843, and his parents, Lars Frederick and Johanna (Nelson) Larson, were also 
 natives of that country. The hope of finding better conditions of life and broader 
 opportunities led them to the new world and their last years were spent in 
 America. Their family numbered two sons and three daughters, namely: Mrs. 
 Emily Walters, a resident of Fort Madison, Iowa ; Mrs. Qara R. Johnson, whose 
 home is in this county; N. John, of this review; Franz A., a resident of Oregon, 
 and Mrs. Augusta M. Benkson, whose home is in Dorchester, Nebraska. 
 
 N. John Larson acquired his education in the schools of Sweden and in the 
 school of experience has also learned many valuable lessons. He worked on a 
 farm in his native land until 1869 and then came to America, landing at New 
 York, whence he made his way direct to Chicago. There he continued for a 
 
698 HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY 
 
 V * -3' ' * . "I 
 
 .'.' V'..'.'.'-- ', 
 
 short time but afterward went to Quincy, Illinois, and later removed to Missouri, 
 where he worked as a farm hand for several years and was also employed on 
 the railroad. Since 1875 he has resifl'^d continuously in Knox county, and his 
 time and energies have been largely 'o general agricultural pursuits, his 
 
 labors being crowned with a substanti? ire of success. 
 
 On the 1st of June, 1876, Mr. Lar was united in marriage, in Knoxville, 
 to Miss Emma Gustine, who was bo -n in Sweden, November 25, 1854, and 
 came to the new world in 1859. Mr. nd Mrs. Larson have become parents of 
 eleven children, of whom ten are yel living, their second daughter, Clara L., 
 having passed away. The others are John Albert, Louise, Olivia, Esther, Edith, 
 Gertrude, Frank, Herman, Carl and Marie. Of these, John Albert is married and 
 lives in Des Moines, Iowa, with his wife and three children, Edna, Louise and 
 Marion. Olivia is the wife of George Peterson, of Galesburg. Edith became the 
 wife of Titus Endburg, of Galesburg, and they have one child, Herman. Esther 
 is the wife of Clarence Johnson, also of Galesburg. 
 
 In religious faith Mr. Larson is a Lutheran, holding membership in the 
 Swedish Mission church of Galesburg. He has never had occasion to regret 
 his determination to come to America, for while earnest labor has been his lot, 
 he here found the opportunities which he sought and through their improve- 
 ment has worked his way steadily upward until he now occupies a creditable 
 position in agricultural circles and is the owner of a valuable farm, which in its 
 neat and thrifty appearance indicates the careful supervision and practical methods 
 of him who cultivates it. 
 
 WILLIAM M. STOCKDALE. 
 
 \ William M. Stockdale had a wide acquaintance in Altona and throughout 
 
 .; the part of the county in which he had lived and all recognized in him a man of 
 
 substantial character, straightforward in his acts and honorable in his purposes. 
 
 His sterling characteristics won him high and sincere regard and his death on 
 
 July 22, 1904, caused deep regret throughout the community. He was born in 
 
 :: Elkhart, Indiana, on the 7th of January, 1844, his parents being Thomas and 
 
 Catherine (Mannington) Stockdale, the former a native of Pennsylvania and 
 
 . the latter of Ohio. The paternal grandfather, Hugh Stockdale, was. a native 
 
 of Ireland. 
 
 , Very early in life William Stockdale removed to Goshen, Indiana, with his 
 
 parents and on August 6, i86i, at the age of seventeen years, he enlisted for 
 service in the Twenty-ninth Indiana Infantry but was later transferred to the 
 ,. . Military Band and at the close of the war was in Company D, Second Indiana 
 Cavalry, and was in all the regular battles in which it engaged. In 1865 he 
 was mustered out of service and came direct to Altona, his parents having re- 
 . > moved to that town in the meantime. His first duties as a boy were as a painter 
 and decorator. In Altona, however, he took up the study of pharmacy while 
 . . ' he was employed for four years in a clerical capacity by C. Ward. During this 
 time, because of his quick and active mind, Mr. Stockdale acquired a fair knowl- 
 edge not only of the science of drugs but also of the art of salesmanship. Sub- 
 
WILLIAM M. STOCKDALE 
 
698 HISTORY OF KXOX COUNTY 
 
 . ',< ' '- 
 
 short time but afterward went to Qiiincy, Illinois, and later removed to Missouri, 
 where lie worked as a farm hand for several years and was also employed on 
 
 the railroad. Since 1875 he has resiH-^d continuously in Knox county, and his 
 time and energies have been largely '"> general agricultural pursuits, his 
 
 labors being crowned with a substantij' ire of success. 
 
 On the 1st of June, 1876, Mr. Lar was united in marriage, in Knoxville, 
 to Miss Emma Gustine, who was bo n in Sweden. \(n-eml)er ^5, 1854, and 
 came to the new world in 1859. Mr. nd Mrs. Larson have become parents of 
 eleven children, of whom ten are yet living, their second daughter, Clara L., 
 having passed away. The others are John Albert, Louise, Olivia, Esther, Edith, 
 Gertrude, Frank, Herman, Carl and Marie. Of these, John Albert is married and 
 lives in Des Moines, Iowa, with his wife and three children, Edna, Louise and 
 Marion. Olivia is the wife of George Peterson, of Galesburg. Edith became the 
 wife of Titus Endburg, of Galesburg, and they have one child, Herman. Esther 
 is the wife of Clarence Johnson, also of Galesburg. 
 
 In religious faith Mr. Larson is a Lutheran, holding membership in the 
 Swedish Mission church of Galesburg. He has never had occasion to regret 
 his determination to come to America, for while earnest labor has been his lot, 
 he here foiuid the o]:)portunities which he sought and through their improve- 
 
 . ment has worked his way steadily upward until he now occupies a creditable 
 position in agricultural circles and is the owner of a valuable farm, which in its 
 neat and tlu'ifty a])])earance indicates the careful supervision and practical methods 
 of him who cultivates it. 
 
 : . " . WILLIAM M. STOCKDALE. ; . . 
 
 ; AN'illiam M. Stockdale had a wide ac(|uaintance in Altona and throughout 
 the part of the county in whicli he had lived and all recognized in him a man of 
 substantial character, straightforward in his acts and honorable in his jnirposes. 
 His sterling characteristics won liini high and sincere regard and his death on 
 July 22, 1904, caused deep regret throughout the community. He was born in 
 Elkhart, Indiana, on the 7th of January, 1844, his parents being Thomas and 
 Catherine (Mannington) Stockdale, the former a native of Pennsylvania and 
 the latter of Ohio. The paternal grandfather, Hugh Stockdale, was a native 
 of Ireland. 
 
 ;. \'ery early in life William Stockdale removed to Goshen, Indiana, with his 
 parents and on August 6, i86i, at the age of seventeen years, he enlisted for 
 service in the Twenty-ninth Indiana Infantry but was later transferred to the 
 Military Hand and at the close of the war was in Company D, Second Indiana 
 Cavalry, and was in all the regular battles in which it engaged. In 1865 he 
 was mustered out of service and came direct to Altona, his parents having re- 
 moved to that town in the meantime. His first <luties as a lx)y were as a painter 
 and decorator. In Altona, however, he took up the study of ]iharmacy while 
 he was emjiloyed for four years in a clerical cai)acity by C. Ward. During this 
 time, because of his quick and active mind, Mr. Stockdale acquired a fair knowl- 
 edge not only of the science of drugs but also of the art of salesmanship. Sub- 
 
\VII.I.I.\M M. S'l'dl KDAI.K 
 
v: ' . ..- v^^.V:-- HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY ^ 701 
 
 sequently, after clerking for six years in Galva, Illinois, he returned to Altona 
 and opened up a drug store on his own account, an undertaking in which he 
 met with immediate success. He was well known as one of the oldest druggists 
 in northern Knox county and also as one of the most reliable pharmacists in 
 his section. He constantly applied himself to the study of his profession and 
 kept up with its progress and the evolution of its science. In addition to this 
 side of the business he carried a well selected line of goods and his success was 
 largely due to his honorable methods, earnest effort to please his customers and 
 the attractive display of the drugs and druggist's sundries which he carried. 
 Mr. Stockdale was equally prominent in musical circles. He organized the 
 first band of Altona and was its leader at the time of his death ; he was a mem- 
 ber of the orchestra of Altona and he was the cornetist of the Methodist Episcopal 
 church, in which he held membership. 
 
 On the 24th of December, 1870, Mr. Stockdale was married to Miss Ella 
 M. Main, a daughter of Elias B. and Mary Ann (Huntington) Main, who was 
 born on the i8th of November, 1847. To Mr. and Mrs. Stockdale one child 
 was born, Milo E., whose birth occurred September 29, 1879, and who passed 
 away on the I2th of June, 1884. Mrs. Stockdale remained at home after her 
 mother's death until her marriage. At the age of sixteen years she graduated 
 from school and immediately began making practical use of her education by 
 teaching in the district. She has always shown considerable interest in the 
 educational and moral development of her community and has been actively 
 connected with various organizations devoted to the furthering of these causes. 
 At present she is serving as the treasurer of the Ladies' Aid Society of the 
 Methodist Episcopal church of Altona, in which she holds membership and to 
 which her husband devoted much of his time, being trustee and financial secre- 
 tary at the time of his death. He also was a member of Lodge No. 360, 
 A. F. & A. M., of Altona, having served- as secretary for fifteen years, and he 
 belonged to the Grand Army post of Altona. His was a well spent life and he 
 became prominent and well known in his district, where his many substantial 
 qualities were both recognized and appreciated by all who knew him. He per- 
 formed his duties faithfully and efficiently, was thoughtful of the rights of 
 others and never neglected his obligations to his fellow citizens. 
 
 . ; ' : ISAAC CHEYNEY PRESTON. : :: ;-V:'x:v 
 
 .'-..''.'--'' "i, '. '-''. -,:'. ' -?;_ *- '.'" 
 
 Isaac Cheyney Preston is a retired farmer residing at No. 409 West North 
 street. He was born in Harford county, Maryland, November 9, 1841, a son 
 of Edniond and Phoebe (Hoskins) Preston, both of whom were natives of 
 Maryland. The former was a son of David and Judith ( Hollingsworth ) Pres- 
 ton, who were natives of Pennsylvania and of Delaware respectively. He sat at 
 the head of his meeting the Friends Society in his locality for many years. 
 He passed away at the age of seventy-two and his wife died when well advanced 
 in years. They had five children, namely: Isaac, Sylvester, Hannah, Edmond 
 and Deborah. Their son, Edmond Preston, was born in Maryland, devoted his 
 life to farming and spent his last days in Harford county of his native state, his 
 
702 HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY v ^. : i' - 
 
 remains being interred in the old Friends cemetery there, he and his wife being 
 consistent members of the Society of Friends. He married Phoebe Hoskins, a 
 daughter of Nathaniel Hoskins, whose wife in her maidenhood bore the family 
 name of Cheyney. Both lived to old age and reared a large family, including 
 Cheyney, Jesse, Eliza, Hiram, Edith, Sarah, William, Phoebe and Joseph. The 
 youngest daughter became the wife of Edmond Preston and unto them were 
 born eight children : Isaac C. ; David, who is deceased ; Louis H., living in 
 Brush, Colorado ; Henry C., who resides on the old home place in Harford 
 county, Maryland ; William S., who has passed away ; Judith, the deceased wife 
 of Joseph T. Hoopes ; Robert S., of Harford county, Maryland ; and Edmond, 
 who is deceased. 
 
 Isaac C. Preston was reared in Harford county, Maryland, on the old home 
 farm and after laying the foundation for his education in the Friends' school, 
 attended the public schools and afterward spent a year in the Union Chapel 
 Academy of Harford county, at which time his instructor was a Massachusetts 
 man. About that time his father purchased an interest in a business and drove 
 meat wagons in Harford and Baltimore counties. Isaac C. Preston became 
 driver of one of these wagons and was so employed for four years and at the 
 same time engaged in buying stock. He then came to the middle west in com- 
 pany with Elijah Lancaster. They took this step because their parents did not 
 wish them to go to war and after reaching the Mississippi valley they enlisted 
 in Company G, of the First Wisconsin Cavalry under Colonel LaGrange, serv- 
 ing during the last year of hostilities. Mr. Preston participated in the battle at 
 Hopkinsville, Kentucky, and for twenty-four days and nights, in December, 
 1864, was with his command in pursuit of General Lyons. The regiment then 
 went into winter quarters at Waterloo, Tennessee, where they remained for 
 four weeks. They afterward marched through Alabama and Mr. Preston was 
 in one of the last battles of the war, at West Point, on the Chattahoochee river. 
 He joined the army as a private, was made corporal and was afterward promoted 
 to the rank of sergeant. He contracted typhoid fever on the march from 
 Macon, Georgia, to Chattanooga, Tennessee, and from there was sent to Nash- 
 ville and on to Louisville, where he was placed in the Brown Hospital. He 
 remained there until he became convalescent, when his father went for him and 
 took him home to Harford county, Maryland. 
 
 Following his recovery Mr. Preston purchased a new threshing machine from 
 his father and operated it for two years. He then sold out and began shipping 
 fertilizer from the west, having in the meantime made a trip westward to 
 Illinois and Iowa. In 1870 he settled in Page county, Iowa, where he resided 
 until 1895, when he came to Galesburg for the purpose of educating his daughter 
 and here he has since lived retired. He purchased a good lot and built his 
 present home at No. 409 West North street, where he is now pleasantly located, 
 having in the meantime secured a handsome competence that now supplies him 
 with all the necessities and many of the luxuries of life. I . ' 
 
 On the 7th of December, 1871, Mr. Preston was united in marriage to Miss 
 Jennie C. Logan, a daughter of James and Elizabeth (Bowling) Logan and a 
 granddaughter of Michael and Margaret Logan, who were natives of Kentucky. 
 Her grandfather lived to the advanced age of eighty-five years. In his family 
 were eight children. The maternal grandparents of Mrs. Preston were Purton 
 
/-:;;-,:; HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY ^;.^ . 703 
 
 James and Margaret (Jones) Bowling, both of whom lived to old age. The 
 former was a native of Virginia. Their family numbered seven children : Eliza- 
 beth, John, Alvira, Armiza, Jane, Julia and Elvira. The father of Mrs. Preston 
 was born in Kentucky and her mother in Illinois. They were early settlers of 
 Springfield. Mr. Logan died in 1880, at the age of sixty-eight years, and his 
 wife passed away in 1893 ^t the age of seventy-six. They were very active and 
 faithful members of the Christian church. They had five children : William ; 
 Nannie; James C. and Jennie C., twins; and Josephine. The daughter Jennie 
 became the wife of. Isaac C. Preston. She was bom in Springfield, June 2, 1848, 
 and by her marriage had one daughter, Nannine Wren Preston, who was grad- 
 uated from Knox College under Dr. John Finley and has been a teacher in the 
 schools of Galesburg for about twelve years. 
 
 Mr. Preston still holds his membership with the Society of Friends in the 
 city of Baltimore, while his wife and daughter are members of the First Presby- 
 terian church of Galesburg. In his political views he is a republican and has 
 filled a number of local offices, the duties of which he has discharged with credit 
 to himself and satisfaction to his constituents. He was a member of the board 
 of supervisors of Page county, Iowa, for six years, was justice of the peace for 
 several terms and was postmaster of Essex, Iowa, for three years. Fraternally 
 he is connected with James T. Shields Post, No. 45, G. A. R., and was its com- 
 mander in 1890. He has thus kept in touch with the boys in blue of the Civil 
 war and he is as true and loyal to his country today as when he followed the old 
 flag on southern battlefields and thus g^ve proof of his advocacy of the Union 
 cause. He has ever been faithful to duty, whether in days of war or days of 
 peace, and his has at all times been an honorable record, his upright life com- 
 manding for him the confidence, good-will and friendship of the great majority 
 of those with whom he has come in contact. In business, too, he displayed ex- 
 cellent ability as a manager and in the wise promotion of his interests won sub- 
 stantial and well earned success. 
 
 ERNEST THOMAS COLLINSON. 
 
 Ernest T. Collinson, who has been living at Galva since he gave up his farm 
 in 1898, was born in Walnut Grove township, Knox county, on the old Collinson 
 homestead, on the lyth of October, 1875. He is a son of Simeon L. and Jane 
 (Carnahan) Collinson. The father was born in Yorkshire, England, on the 7th 
 of July, 1806, and on the 4th of November, 1831, settled in Wilkes-Barre, Luzerne 
 county, Pennsylvania. The trip from his native country took seven weeks and 
 he was accompanied by his first wife, who passed away early in 1874, and two 
 children. When he left Pennsylvania to settle in Illinois he made the trip with 
 horse and wagon and was forced to undergo many of the hardships that awaited 
 the traveler of that early day. In 1838 however, he arrived in this county and 
 at once settled upon the property forming a part of the farm which he owned at 
 the time of his death. His first task was to build a log cabin which served as 
 their home until his farm proved sufficiently remunerative to permit him to 
 build a larger and more substantial one. Subsequently he became one of the 
 
704 ; HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY - 
 
 largest land owners in this section, and at one time held clear title to twenty-four 
 
 hundred acres of land. He gave each of his children a quarter section of land 
 
 as soon as they were old enough to handle it. His wife's death occurred on the 
 
 l8th of April, 1874, when she was seventy- four years of age. To their union 
 
 ! nine children were born : Thomas W., Lydia, Henry and Simeon, deceased ; 
 Mary, who is the wife of J. E. Durham, of Mendota, Illinois; Martha, who is the 
 widow of James McLaughlin of Altona, Illinois; John Q, a resident of Altona; 
 Susan, who is married to J. McGaan of Altona ; and one child who passed away 
 in infancy. Mr. Collinson was again married in 1874, when he wedded Mrs. 
 
 - , Jane (Carnahan) McClure, whose birth occurred in Scotland, on the I7th of 
 . ; September, 1837, and who settled in Altona immediately after her arrival in the 
 
 : United States in 1867. To their union one child was born, Ernest Thomas Col- 
 linson, whose name stands at the head of this review. Simeon L. Collinson gave 
 his political support to the democratic party and was the first assessor of Lynn 
 township after its organization. 
 
 Ernest T. Collinson acquired his education in the nearby district schools and 
 subsequently resided upon the homestead with his mother. In the spring of 
 
 . ; 1898 he removed to Galva and has since made that town his home. After arriv- 
 ing there he engaged in the real-estate and insurance business for some time. 
 In 1898 he was married to Miss Ada M. Craver, whose birth occurred in Lynn 
 township, on the 26th of April, 1875. She is a daughter of George and Nancy 
 E. (Heaton) Craver, the former of whom has passed away. To Mr. and Mrs. 
 Collinson two children have been born: Harold E. and Willard C., aged ten and 
 seven years respectively. Mr. Collinson holds membership in the Congregational 
 church of Galva and also in the Woodman of America and the Knights of Pythias 
 of which he has been trustee and is now vice chancellor. His entire life has been 
 spent in this county and he enjoys a wide acquaintance which has been formed 
 because of his genial and social nature. He is interested in all that tends to 
 promote the welfare of his community, and any measure suggested for civic im- 
 provement or social development is sure to win his support and assistance. 
 
 ';:-;.: ; EDWARD JOSEPH APPELL. \ .. 
 
 Edward Joseph Appell, who is engaged in general farming and stock-rais- 
 ing in Lynn township, Knox county, was born on the 23d of September, 1879, 
 on the old Appell homestead in this township. He is a son of Mr. and Mrs. 
 Charles Appell, of whom mention is made elsewhere in this volume. To the 
 parents eleven children were born : Lydia, who is the wife of the Rev. G. A. 
 Brandell, of Colorado; Alfred, a minister of the Lutheran church at Pittsburgh, 
 Pennsylvania ; Hanna, who is married to Gus Lilgiroot, of Henry county ; Carl, 
 who is practicing law in Chicago ; Amanda, who is married to Otto Johnson, of 
 Henry county; Louis A., who is justice of the peace of this township; Edward 
 Joseph, of this review; Alfrieda and Ferdinand, both of whom are residing at 
 home ; Martin, who is an agriculturist of Henry county ; and Edith, also at home. 
 
 The boyhood and youth of Edward J. Appell were spent attending school and 
 assisting with the daily farm duties on the home place. At the age of seventeen 
 
r ' -i; T V: ;' HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY > ' 7W 
 
 he entered Augustana College, at Rock Island, Illinois, and in that institution 
 pursued the commercial course. Subsequently he remained at home and farmed 
 for his father for ten years. He has followed agricultural pursuits throughout 
 his active career and, although still a young man, has met with a good degree 
 of success and has won an enviable reputation among his fellow agriculturists. 
 
 In 1905 Mr. Appell was married to Miss Ruth Caroline Krantz, whose birth 
 occurred on the 3d of July, 1883, in Jonjoping, Sweden. She is a daughter of 
 P. A. and Ida (Magnuson) Krantz, both of whom are residing in Sweden and 
 who are the parents of ten children : Anna, who is the wife of Harry Cox, of 
 Rockford; Herman, who is a resident of Victoria, Illinois; Ellen, the wife of 
 Elias Rodine, of Sweden ; Mrs. Appell ; Peter, who is still living in Sweden ; 
 Oscar, a resident of Victoria, Illinois ; Abbie, who is married to Martin Appell, 
 of Lynn township; Gustav, also living in Victoria; and Fabian and Leona, both 
 of whom are residing in Sweden. Mrs. Appell came to America with E. Magnu- 
 son when she was but eighteen years of age. Upon her arrival in Illinois she 
 lived with the Appell family until her marriage. To Mr. and Mrs. Appell one 
 child has been born, Virgil Edward, whose birth occurred on the 3d of May, 
 1911. 
 
 Mr. Appell gives his political allegiance to the republican party and, although 
 he is interested in its success and in the policies of its platforms and earnestly 
 desires their success at the polls, he has never sought nor desired office as a 
 reward for party fealty. Both Mr. and Mrs. Appell are members of the Swedish 
 Lutheran church, of which he is a trustee. The improved and well equipped 
 condition of his farm indicates his thrift, industry and scientific management, all 
 of which are tending to bring him a good degree of success. 
 
 JOHN JOHNSON." .....:: 
 
 John Johnson, who is conducting a meat market in Altona, Knox county, was 
 born in that town on the 5th of October, 1863, his parents being Louis and Car- r 
 rie (Marsh) Johnson, both natives 'of Ockelbo, Sweden. The father was the son > 
 of Mr. and Mrs. Jonas Johnson, who came to America in 1857, and after the ;^. 
 cholera removed to Altona. Mrs. Jonas Johnson is perhaps the oldest resident : 
 of Illinois, her birth having occurred on the I5th of July, 1808, and she and her .v 
 husband were among the early settlers who took up their residence in Altona. 
 Their first home adjoined the present site of the high school, but later they re- * 
 moved to a farm north of the town, and a short time afterward they entered the " 
 Swedish colony settled on Bishop Hill. They were the parents of three children : ' 
 Andrew, who is residing in Sioux City, Iowa; Margaret, who is the wife of 
 Fred Spiegel, and with whom the mother resides ; and Louis, who died December . 
 25, 190,7. at the age of seventy-four years. Louis Johnson came to Altona with 
 his father and spent nearly his entire life in the employ of the Chicago, Burling- 
 ton & Quincy Railway. Mrs. Louis Johnson, who is eighty-two years of age, ', 
 is the daughter of John and Christine Marsh, of Sweden. The Johnsons were . 
 the first members of the Swedish Lutheran church here and were most active in 
 the support of that church at the time it was founded. Mr. and Mrs. Louis 
 Johnson were the parents of nine children, seven of whom are now living : Betsy, 
 
706 HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY 
 
 who is the wife of C. Carlson of Walnut Grove; Margaret, the wife of Olof 
 Peterson, of Altona ; John, who is the subject of this sketch ; and Louis, Frank, 
 George and Nellie, all residing in Altona. 
 
 Leaving school at the early age of fourteen years John Johnson entered the 
 employ of his father on the home farm, and for the next ten years was actively 
 engaged in assisting in its cultivation. After that time, however, he entered the 
 meat market of Whiting- Van Scoyk at Galesburg, but later returned to Altona, 
 and since 1907 has been in partnership with Mr. Whiting, of the firm of Whit- 
 ing & Johnson, of Altona. His market is ably managed, and, realizing that 
 satisfied customers are the best advertisement for future business Mr. Johnson 
 aims at treating all who may patronize him with the respect and courtesy due 
 them. Mr. Johnson was married to Nellie Neilson, whose birth occurred Novem- 
 ber 4, 1865, at Kylinge Point, in southern Sweden. She is the daughter of Nels 
 and Anna Swenson, both of whom are still living. The grandmother died, in 
 1909, at the age of ninety-two years. Mrs. Johnson came to America in 1885 
 with friends and settled at once in Altona, where she was married. She was 
 one of two children, her sister residing in Sweden at present. To Mr. and Mrs. 
 Johnson eight children were born: Emma, whose birth occurred February 24, 
 1889, and who is the wife of Roy Rankin, an agriculturist of Media, Illinois, and 
 has one child, John Robert; Anna, born on the 25th of November, 1890, who is 
 engaged in teaching school ; Minnie, Inez and Bessie, whose births occurred 
 November 12, 1893, December 23, 1895, and October 5, 1897, respectively; and 
 George, Theora and Vivian, whose births occurred January 20, 1902, October lo, 
 1903, and August 15, 1906, respectively. With the exception of Mrs. Rankin 
 they are all residing at home. 
 
 Mr. Johnson is an active member of the republican party, and since he cast 
 his first vote has always voted for the men and measures of the party whose 
 policies he considers the most conducive in promoting good government. He 
 has served as alderman of Altona for four years and is now serving his second 
 term and is also a member of the school board. He holds membership in the 
 Modern Woodmen of America of Altona. As a life-long resident he has been 
 a witness to much of its development, and has been influential in promoting its 
 business interests. Because of his strict integrity and high principles he holds 
 the respect of his fellow citizens. 
 
 ;^ JOHN W. STEPHENS. ,v ;- ; ; 
 
 . In days of old, before the chronicler of events appeared to write the story 
 of his nation's greatness, people drew their inspiration from the past by hearken- 
 ing to the tales the old men told, by listening to the song of the bard, by scattered 
 reminiscences of the aged nurse, handed down from generation to generation. 
 Then the romance of history was not entombed within the covers of a book, it 
 was graven on the minds and living in the hearts of the people. To-day much 
 of that old-time poetry has gone out of our lives. We are too preoccupied with 
 the demands which our severely competitive mode of living has thrust upon us. 
 Too late, perhaps, when the last pioneers of our western civilization will have 
 passed from among us, we will come to realize what we have lost in their pic- 
 
J. W. STEPHENS 
 
706 HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY 
 
 who is the wife of C. Carlson of Wahiut Grove; ^Margaret, the wife of Olof . 
 Peterson, of Altona ; John, who is the subject of this sketch ; and Louis, Frank, 
 George and NelHe, all residing in Altona. 
 
 Leaving school at the early age of fourteen years John Johnson entered the 
 employ of his father on the home farm, and for the next ten years was actively 
 engaged in assisting in its cultivation. After that time, however, he entered the ;. 
 meat market of Whiting- Van Scoyk at Galesburg, but later returned to Altona, 
 and since 1907 has been in partnership with Mr. Whiting, of the firm of Whit- 
 ing & Johnson, of Altona. His market is ably managed, and, realizing that 
 satisfied customers are the best advertisement for future business Mr. Johnson 
 aims at treating all who may patronize him with the respect and courtesy due 
 them. Mr. Johnson was married to Nellie Neilson, whose birth occurred Novem- 
 ber 4, 1865, at Kylinge Point, in southern Sweden. She is the daughter of Nels 
 and Anna Swenson, lx)th of whom are still living. The grandmother died, in 
 1909, at the age of ninety-two years. Mrs. Johnson came to America in 1885 
 with friends and settled at once in Altona, where she was married. She was 
 one of two children, her sister residing in Sweden at present. To Mr. and Mrs. 
 Johnson eight children were born: Emma, whose birth occurred February 24, 
 1889, and who is the wife of Roy Rankin, an agriculturist of Media, Illinois, and 
 has one child, John Robert: Anna, born on the 25th of Noveml)er, 1890, who is 
 engaged in teaching school ; Minnie, Inez and Bessie, whose births occurred 
 November 12, 1893, December 23, 1895, and October 5, 1897, respectively; and 
 George, Theora and \'ivian, whose births occurred January 20, 1902, October lo, 
 1903, and .\ugust 15, 1906, respectively. With the exception of Mrs. Rankin 
 they are all residing at home. 
 
 Mr. Johnson is an active member of the republican party, and since he cast 
 his first vote has always voted for the men and measures of the party whose 
 policies he considers the most conducive in promoting good government. He 
 has served as alderman of Altona for four years and is now serving his second 
 term and is also a member of the school board. He holds meml>ership in the 
 Modern Woodmen of America of Altona. As a life-long resident he has been 
 a witness to much of its development, and has been influential in promoting its 
 business interests. P)ecause of his strict integrity and high principles he holds ' 
 the respect of his fellow citizens. " V 
 
 JOHN W. STEPHENS. 
 
 In days of old, before the chronicler of events appeared to write the story 
 of his nation's greatness, people drew their inspiration from the past by hearken- 
 ing to the tales the old men told, by listening to the song of the bard, by scattered 
 reminiscences of the aged nurse, handed down from generation to generation. 
 Then the romance of history was not entombed within the covers of a book, it 
 was graven on the minds and living in the hearts of the people. To-day much 
 of that old-time poetry has gone out of our lives. We are too preoccupied with 
 the demands which our severely competitive mode of living has thrust upon us. 
 Too late, perhaps, when the last pioneers of our western civilization will have 
 passed from among us, we will come to realize what we have lost in their pic- 
 
.1. \\ . STKIMIKNS 
 
HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY , v" 709 
 
 turesque recital of the events of the early days, of the white man's strug 
 for supremacy in a new country. 
 
 There is still dwelling in Knox county a man whose life links us with that 
 past of mystery and charm. His name is John W. Stephens, son of one of the 
 early settlers and, for a period of more than seventy-four years, intimately 
 associated with the rise and growth of Knox county. Those who have had the 
 privilege of listening to his reminiscences will remember with a thrill the story 
 of his father's experiences with the Indians, and of the winter of the heavy 
 snow when the settlers were in danger of perishing. They will listen with de- 
 light to the description of the district school, where Mr. Stephens found his 
 only opportunities for an education. It was a typical old log schoolhouse with 
 split log benches and a puncheon floor. A fire in the huge fireplace at one end 
 supplied the heat. Across square openings cut in the walls paper was stretched 
 to serve as windows. These were the primitive surroundings amid which the 
 boys and girls of those days were given that stern training that prepared them 
 for a life of hardship and toil. 
 
 John W. Stephens was born in Warren county. New Jersey, on the 6th of 
 June, 1825. He was the son of Richard and Eleanor (Addis) Stephens, both 
 natives of New Jersey, where they were reared and married. In 1830 they came 
 to Illinois locating in Fulton county, but the difficulties with the Indians and 
 other unforseen trials compelled them to give up their residence in this state. 
 They therefore went to Ohio and lived in Warren county for seven years. In 
 1838, however, seeking solace after the crushing blow he received in the loss 
 of his wife, Mr. Stephens again set his face westward, retracing his way to 
 Illinois. This time he chose Cedar township, Knox county, for the family 
 abode, continuing to live there until his death in April, 1854. 
 
 John W. Stephens was nurtured at home and availed himself of the meager 
 educational advantages that pioneer life afforded. Among his companions who 
 helped to make his school days a pleasant memory, was Mary H. Stephens 
 whom he later chose for a helpmate. They were married on October 29, 1848, 
 coming directly to Cedar township, Knox county, Illinois, where they established 
 their new home on a farm of one hundred and sixty acres on section 4. Mr. 
 Stephens had just purchased this farm a short time before at five dollars an 
 acre. After living here five years he sold this piece of land and bought the farm 
 on which his father had first settled on his advent in Knox county. There Mr. 
 and Mrs. Stephens lived until 1894 when they removed to Abingdon, which they 
 have made their home ever since. The old farm of one hundred and forty acres 
 about which all the family traditions center since 1839, that his father had owned 
 before him and that he had tilled for thirty-nine years, he now gave over to the 
 management of his son. He owns, furthermore, a farm of eighty-three acres 
 on section i6 in Cedar township. 
 
 In 1890 Mr. Stephens' wife died and three years later, on October ii, 1893, 
 he married again. It is a curious and interesting coincidence that the second 
 Mrs. Stephens, whose given name is Mary C., and the first Mrs. Stephens both 
 bore the name "Stephens" before their marriage and there was no relationship 
 between them. Of Mr. Stephens' first marriage there were four children. Only 
 one survives, Charles E., who married Miss Harriet Latimer, of Abingdon. 
 Mr. Stephens is a republican and during the war served for three years as 
 
 ToL 
 
710 HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY ' ' - 
 
 member of the board of county supervisors. The office of justice of the peace 
 which he held at one time he resigned at the end of a year. Unwearied in his 
 efforts for the improvement of his locality and the upbuilding of his community, 
 he was for twenty years road conimissioner of Cedar township and for a long 
 period a member of the school board. Mrs. Stephens is a member of the Con- 
 gregational church, in which her husband also worships. Mr. Stephens is still 
 in the possession of excellent health and cheerful spirit and, looking back upon 
 a long life nobly spent in usefulness to his family and community, he finds 
 peace and contentment of mind, the richest rewards that can crown a man's 
 declining years. 
 
 . .;; -^'v EBENEZER LASS. ' V '. ' ' 
 
 Ebenezer Lass, president of the Lass & Larson Company of Galesburg, 
 conducting a wholesale and retail business in wall paper, paints, oils and glass, 
 has sought his success along the well defined lines of labor and has won his 
 advancement through close conformity to a high standard of commercial ethics. 
 At a time when many men put aside the more active and arduous pursuits of 
 business life he is still busily engaged along commercial lines and his energy and 
 persistency of purpose are those of a man of much younger years. He was 
 born in Kent, England, October ii, 1839, his parents being William and Sarah 
 (Eastes) Lass. The father was a confectionery manufacturer who conducted 
 business for many years but ultimately retired. He died in England in 1883, 
 when about seventy-nine years of age, his birth having occurred in 1804. His 
 wife, who was born in Kent, England, in 1806, passed away in 1888, at the 
 advanced age of eighty-two years. They were both members of the Wesleyan 
 church, in the work of which they took active and helpful interest, Mr. Lass 
 serving as one of the church officers. They were married at Deal, Kent, Eng- 
 land, in 1827, and unto them were born twelve children: Elizabeth, now de- 
 ceased; Francis, who is living at Sandwich, England; Sarah, the wife of Wil- 
 liam Ekins, of Riverside, California ; Grove P., deceased ; William, a resident 
 of Galesburg ; Laura, who has passed away ; Ebenezer ; Frederick and Benja- 
 min, both deceased ; John, living in this city ; Thomas, still a resident of Deal, 
 County Kent ; and Mary, the wife of Theodore Baldwin, also of Deal, ' c.. ' 
 
 Ebenezer Lass pursued his education in a private school of Deal and when 
 fourteen years of age was apprenticed to learn the decorator's trade, at which 
 he worked in that town until he had attained his majority. He then went to 
 London, where he followed his trade for three and a half years, but, believing 
 that better opportunities were waiting on this side of the Atlantic, he came to 
 the United States in 1866, settling in Galesburg, where he followed his trade 
 until 1884. He was ambitious, however, to engage in business on his own 
 account and carefully saved his earnings until he felt that his capital justified 
 him in starting in business on his own account. In partnership with C. T. Larson 
 and J. G. Lafferty, he established a store and when two years later Mr. Lafferty 
 sold his interest to the other partners the firm of Lass & Larson was organized. 
 Under that name the business was conducted until 1905, when it was incorporated 
 
; Iv.^^: HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY O:.:::^;':^^ 711-^ -^^^ 
 
 under the name of the Lass & Larson Company, its officers being Ebenezer_;.\' . 
 Lass, president, and C. T. Larson, secretary, treasurer and manager. They :: 
 
 now handle wall paper, paints, oils and glass, selling to the wholesale and retail 
 trade. They employ twenty people in their establishment in Galesburg and also :'. 
 have salesmen on the road. Their business has grown year by year and, carry- ., 
 ing a large and well selected line of goods, they have every reason to feel that , ' 
 their trade will still further increase. \. ,: 
 
 On the 4th of July, 1868, Mr. Lass was married to Miss Emma Pittock, a 
 daughter of William and Elizabeth (Bailey) Pittock, of this city. Unto them . /. 
 were born seven children : Grace, now the wife of Francis Sisson, of Yonkers, ; 
 New York ; Charles, living in Galesburg ; Effie, Kate and Mamie, all deceased ; " . 
 William, of Treadwell, Alaska ; and Edith, at home. The wife and mother passed .; 
 away February 22, 1882, and on the 26th of May, 1886, Mr. Lass was again - : 
 married, his second union being with Miss Lucy M. Jerrauld, a daughter of '. 
 Harvey and Maria Jerrauld, of Galesburg. There was one child of this union. . 
 George, now deceased. ; 
 
 Mr. and Mrs. Lass hold membership in the Central Congregational church - ' 
 and his fraternal relations are with the Odd Fellows lodge of Galesburg. His :; \ 
 political allegiance is given to the republican party and he is interested in all 
 that pertains to general progress and improvement, finding time to cooperate in 
 measures for the general good while carefully managing his business affairs. T . 
 He early learned the fact that diligence and industry must determine the success '--.' 
 to which one can achieve. He has, therefore, persevered and his capable man- 
 agement. added to his thorough early training, has been a salient feature in 
 gaining him the success which now classes him with Galesburg's substantial and ' ' 
 progressive merchants. . . ' - 
 
 : : MARY ARNOLD TEMPLETON. ; ^ :: "vi :- V 
 
 Mary Arnold Templeton, who is residing in Altona, Illinois, was born on the 
 7th of April, 1846, in Victoria township, Knox county. She is a daughter of 
 John arid Nancy (Herman) Arnold, whose births occurred in i8io and 1812 
 respectively, the former being a native of Dayton, Ohio, and the latter of Ten- 
 nessee. John Arnold was a blacksmith by trade, and from early youth took up 
 this occupation. Later he worked on a canal as boss of a gang, and subsequently 
 traveling through Alabama he followed the carpenter's trade. After his mar- 
 riage, however, in 1836 he came to Victoria township by way of Peoria and 
 Kickapoo creek, and took up farming. He made the trip by team and when he 
 arrived at the land for which he had set out he found it already sufficiently cleared 
 and immediately built a log cabin upon it. He resided there until 1853, following 
 his trade for a livelihood, when he removed to Victoria. In that town he en- 
 gaged in horse-shoeing and blacksmithing until his death, which occurred on the 
 8th of December, 1864. His wife was a daughter of Mr. and Mrs. Steven Her- 
 man, agriculturists. They removed to Alabama at the time they were early set- 
 tlers. The mother's death occurred there in 1887. Mr. Arnold was one of the 
 most prominent democrats in his region and held many local offices. His parents 
 
712 . : HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY 
 
 were Ephraim and Elinor Arnold. To Mr. and Mrs. John Arnold ten children 
 have been born, four of whom survive: Robert H., a resident of Peoria, who 
 is married and has two children; Mrs. Templeton, who is the subject of this 
 review; Jane, of Victoria, who is the wife of Irving Norton, a shoemaker, and 
 who has two children ; and Eliza, who is residing with Mrs. Templeton. 
 
 In April, 1869, Mary Arnold was married to Thomas Foster Templeton, 
 whose birth occurred in 1830, and who was a son of John and Nancy (Foster) 
 Templeton, whose deaths occurred in Princeton, Illinois, and in Pennsylvania 
 respectively. Thomas F. Templeton was born in Armstrong county, Pennsyl- 
 vania, but removed to Knox county when a child, where he engaged in farming 
 until he entered the hardware business in Altona in 1862. For ten years he was 
 thus engaged with his brother-in-law. At the end of that time he disposed of 
 this business and took up agricultural pursuits in Victoria township. On account 
 of ill health, however, he soon disposed of his farm and lived retired until his 
 death which occurred on the loth of January, 1907. He was a stanch republican 
 and for many years held office on the school board; In religious faith he was a 
 Presbyterian and was an elder in the Presbyterian church of Altona for sev- 
 eral years. He also held membership in Masonic Lodge, No. 330, of Altona. 
 
 To Mr. and Mrs. Templeton three children were born. Maude Alberta, the 
 eldest died in 1904, at the age of thirty-six years. She is survived by her hus- 
 band, E. H. Mason, of Galesburg, and three children, namely, Donald, who is 
 eighteen years of age and teaching school in Victoria township ; Marjory, who 
 is sixteen years of age and attending high school; and Nanny B., who is fifteen 
 years of age. Nanny B., the second, in order of birth, whose death occurred in 
 1893 when she was twenty years of age, was the wife of William Gehring, of 
 Galesburg. The youngest child died when very young. .- | ./-' ! 
 
 Eliza Arnold, who is residing with her sister, Mrs. Templeton, was bom on 
 the 8th of February, 1840. At the age of twenty-three years she attended Knox 
 College for one year, having taught previously for six years. After leaving col- 
 lege she again engaged in teaching, and for twenty years was connected with 
 the schools of Victoria township. She is one of the oldest teachers in this county, 
 and all through her career was most successful in her pedagogical pursuits. She 
 holds membership in the Methodist Episcopal church. 
 
 , . ' Mrs. Templeton is one of the active workers in her community in all organiza- 
 tions which are formed to promote the public good. Charitable and kindly, her 
 home is always open to those who need her assistance or to whom she can prove 
 a faithful friend. Her life has been spent in the interests of others, and she 
 is now one of the most esteemed residents of Altona. v V 
 
 : ^::^'^ BURRELL N. CHAPIN. -J; - ^ 
 
 Burrell N. Chapin, seventy-seven years of age, has spent his entire life in 
 Illinois and the record he has made is a most creditable one, for his success has 
 never been gained at the sacrifice of others' interests and at no time has he 
 refused to give his aid and support to those movements which have been insti- 
 tuted for the public good. In business affairs, too, he has shown sound judg- 
 
MUS. lU KRKM. X. CIIAIMN' 
 
t: ;:"*:;:;-';: HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY ;; v ; , 717 
 
 ment and capable management and by wise investments has secured a com- 
 petency and has become one of the substantial citizens of Knox county. He 
 was born in Fulton county, Illinois, August 4, 1834, a son of Moses B. and 
 Irenia (De Maranville) Chapin. The father was born in Massachusetts and 
 was a son of Consider and Esther (Wallace) Chapin. The grandfather was 
 likewise a native of Massachusetts and was a descendant of Deacon Samuel 
 Chapin, who was one of the Puritan fathers who came to America about 1640. 
 He was one of those to whom a monument has been erected in front of the 
 public library at Springfield, Massachusetts, being a founder of that city. Esther 
 (Wallace) Chapin, the grandmother of Burrell N. Chapin, was a native of 
 Scotland and is a descendant of Sir William Wallace. The Chapins are also 
 related to a number of distinguished Americans. Captain Caleb Chapin, the 
 great-grandfather, was a soldier of the Revolutionary war, valiantly aiding the 
 colonies in their struggle for independence. His son. Consider Chapin, was a- 
 gifted poet of his day. Moses Chapin, born and reared in Massachusetts, came 
 to Illinois in 1832, the year of the Black Hawk war, in which he took an honor- 
 able part. He made the journey overland from Pennsylvania on horseback and 
 settled in Fulton county. He was a cooper by trade and established a shop in 
 Lewiston, Illinois, where he resided until 1840. He then removed to Farming- 
 ton, where he also built a shop, there residing for five years, or until 1845, when 
 he purchased some land near Farmington and turned his attention to agricultural 
 pursuits. He continued to live upon that place until his death, which occurred 
 in 1872. When he came to Illinois his family numbered three children, and 
 eight were born after the arrival in this state. The eldest of the family was 
 Sylvia, who died at the age of twelve years, and Minerva and Gorham are also 
 deceased, the former passing away at the age of two years. The latter was a 
 soldier of the Civil war, serving as a lieutenant in the One Hundred and Third 
 Illinois Volunteer Infantry. The others of the family were: Sophronia, who 
 became the wife of Lyman Sanders, both now deceased ; Burrell N. ; Cornelia, 
 the wife of Captain Francis M. Taylor, of the One Hundred and Third Illinois 
 Infantry, but both have passed away; Ivory, who was a soldier of the One 
 Hundred and Third Illinois Volunteer Infantry during the Civil war but is now 
 deceased; Pausinia, the deceased wife of Enos Kelsey who went to the front 
 with the One Hundred and Third Illinois Volunteer Infantry ; Flora, a resi- 
 dent of Farmington, who is the widow of Joseph Routson, who was likewise a 
 soldier of the One Hundred and Third Illinois ; Ora H., who served in the One 
 Hundred and Third Illinois Infantry and was killed by the Indians in Arizona 
 in 1871 ; and Marshall D., a resident of Monmouth, being the youngest of the 
 family. Mr. Chapin has, on the maternal side, a number of illustrious ancestors. 
 His grandfather, Jabez De Maranville, served on the Lake Erie under Perry 
 in the war of 1812, whose father, Charles De Maranville, marched on the 
 "Lexington Alarm" of April 19, 1775, from Freetown, Massachusetts. Robert 
 and Tamsine (Bacon) Buflfum, who were among the first to espouse the Quaker 
 religion and were persecuted for their faith, were ancestors, as were also Wil- 
 liam White, the eleventh signer of the Mayflower Compact, and who was the 
 father of Peregrine White, the first child born of English parents in America; 
 another ancestor was John Vassall, alderman of London in 1588, who fitted 
 out, at his own expense, two ships of war, with which he joined the royal ships 
 
718 HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY ' :^:;^^- 
 
 to oppose the "Spanish Armada." His son William Vassall came to America 
 with Winthrop in 1630 and was a founder of the Massachusetts Bay colony, 
 and was a member of the "Council of War" in 1642. All the above being 
 lineal ancestors of the mother, Mrs. Irenia Chapin. The mother passed away 
 in Farmington in 1900 at the advanced age of ninety-two years. For eighty 
 years representatives of the name have not only taken an active part in promot- 
 ing the development and progress in pioneer days, but also in bringing about 
 the present-day growth and prosperity of Illinois. 
 
 Burrell N. Chapin spent his youthful days in Fulton county, where he at- 
 tended the country schools, pursuing his studies in one of the old-time log 
 schoolhouses in Farmington. At the age of eighteen years he spent one term 
 in an academy. Subsequently he engaged in teaching school in the winter and 
 worked at farm labor during the summer months. His time was thus passed 
 until his marriage. He was only thirteen years of age when, in 1847, he was 
 appointed to deliver the mail from Farmington to Macomb, Illinois. This was 
 known as the pony mail and the distance covered was fifty miles each way. 
 As the years passed Mr. Chapin resolved to become owner of a farm and the 
 year 1860 saw the realization of his hope in his purchase of a tract of land in 
 Oneida, Knox county, where he carried on general agricultural pursuits. He 
 afterward purchased a tract of eighty acres near Farmington, Fulton county, 
 Illinois, which he continued to cultivate until 1872, and then disposed of that 
 property to purchase a farm near Knoxville, which he conducted until 1878. 
 He then bought another farm in the vicinity of Knoxville, devoting his energies 
 to the cultivation of the fields until 1892, when he took up his abode in the 
 town of Knoxville and has since lived retired. As the years passed he kept 
 adding to his landed possessions until he owned three hundred acres, most of 
 which, however, he has since disposed of, and from his interests he derives a 
 substantial annual income that relieves him from the necessity of further labor 
 save the supervision of his investments. 
 
 It was on the 22d of September, 1857, that Mr. Chapin was united in mar- 
 riage to Miss Cynthia J. Culver, who was bom near BuflFalo, Erie county. New 
 York, June 24, 1838, a daughter of William and Susan W. (Kirby) Culver. 
 The father was born near Auburn, New York, in 1802, and the house in which 
 he first saw the light of day is still standing. The mother's birth occurred near 
 New Bedford, Massachusetts. The father of Mrs. Chapin was a son of Joseph 
 Culver, who was a soldier of the Revolutionary war, as was his father, Samuel 
 Culver, and the family was of English descent. The mother of Mrs. Chapirj 
 was a daughter of Silas Kirby, a native of Dartmouth, Massachusetts, whose 
 father, Silas Kirby, Sr., bravely defended the cause of liberty in the Revolu- 
 tionary war. Mrs. Chapin, therefore, is qualified for membership in the 
 Daughters of the American Revolution in both the paternal and maternal lines. 
 Her father followed the occupation of farming in the Empire state and on 
 coming to Illinois settled in Salem township, Knox county, where he purchased 
 a tract of land upon which he resided until the spring of i86i. He next pur- 
 chased a farm near Henderson, Knox county, but afterward took up his abode 
 on a farm near Wataga, where he resided until his retirement, after which he 
 resided in Knoxville until his death, which occurred March 5, i88i. His widow 
 long survived him, and died at the home of Mr. and Mrs. Chapin on the 7th 
 
';: X V ">/ V HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY 4;^^^:' - 719 
 
 : of December, 1895. They were the parents of five children: Caroline, who 
 
 ! became the wife of Joseph Ross, both of whom are now deceased; Elizabeth, 
 
 who married Burton Miller and they are also deceased; Joseph W., who has 
 
 passed away; Cynthia J., who became Mrs. Chapin; and William E., a resident 
 
 farmer of Knox county. - - ;. 
 
 . , Unto Mr. and Mrs. Chapin were born four children. Edith A., who was 
 born July 9, 1858, is now the wife of John D. McClure, of Knoxville. and they 
 have one daughter, Edith M., who is the wife of Merrill Young and resides 
 upon a farm east of Knoxville. Ida died at the age of three years. Eva J. 
 married Charles Maple, of Maquon, who is postmaster of that place, and they 
 . have two children, Newton M. and Ora S. Maple. Mr. Chapin's youngest 
 
 ; child, Ora Eugene, who is a distinguished lawyer of Chicago, is also prominent 
 
 }{ in Masonic circles. He was born May 30, 1870, and married Miss Camilla 
 Capps, of Farmington, by whom he has one child. Minor J. 
 
 Both Mr. and Mrs. Chapin are consistent members of the Presbyterian 
 church and are also members of the Knox County Mayflower Society, while 
 Mrs. Chapin and her two daughters hold membership with the Lucretia Leffing- 
 well Chapter of the Daughters of the American Revolution. On the 22d of 
 September, 1907, Mr. and Mrs. Chapin celebrated their golden wedding, on 
 which occasion the ladies of the Presbyterian church of Knoxville served an 
 
 : excellent dinner while all the members of their family, their sons, daughters 
 and grandchildren, were present one hundred and forty in all. They have now 
 traveled life's journey together for fifty-four years, their mutual love and con- 
 fidence increasing as time has passed on. They are regarded as one of the most 
 highly esteemed and worthy couples of the county, for their lives have ever 
 been well spent in the faithful performance of duty and have been characterized 
 by many good deeds. Mr. Chapin deserves much credit for the success which 
 he has won, bringing him at last to a prominent position among the substantial 
 
 . residents of his adopted county. 
 
 , : ^ v". REV. FREDERICK J. DUNN. ' .;>'';; -X--; 
 
 It has been said "Not the good that comes to us but the good that comes to 
 the world through us is the measure of our success," and judged in this way 
 the life of Rev. Frederick J. Dunn has been a most successful one, for as a minis- 
 ter of the gospel he has carried the glad tidings to many who have sat under 
 his preaching and has influenced many lives for good. At the age of ninety- 
 three years he is now living retired, an honored and venerable citizen of Knox- 
 ville. He was born in Oneida county. New York, May 22, 1819, a son of David 
 and Philinda (Cady) Dunn, both of whom were natives of Oneida county, the 
 former born November 14, 1791, and the latter August 5, 1796. In his early 
 life the father worked as a farm hand but afterward learned the trades of a 
 cooper and brick mason and worked along those lines in Oneida county and also 
 in Herkimer and St. Lawrence counties. Subsequently he returned to Oneida 
 county and after a short time removed to Lewis county, New York, where he 
 made his home with his son Frederick and later also lived with his son Frederick 
 
720 . HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY ^ ! -f'-, 
 
 in Illinois, passing away in Galva, Henry county, on the 28th of November, 
 1884, at the ripe old age of ninety-three years. He had long survived his wife 
 who passed away at the home of her son, Frederick, on the i8th of January, 1858, 
 when sixty-one years of age. The Rev. Dunn was at that time a resident of Rio, 
 this county. The family included five daughters : Rhoda, now the deceased wife 
 of Thomas Watson, of Knox county; Olive, who became the wife of Caleb H. 
 Gates Brayton of St. Lawrence county. New York, who is now deceased ; Cor- 
 nelia P., the widow of Thomas Homiston ; Jane Ann, who died in infancy ; and 
 Sarah Jane, who married John Gibbs. She resided in Lewis county. New York, 
 for a time and afterward removed to Cherokee county, Kansas, where both 
 passed away. 
 
 The Rev. Frederick J. Dunn was the third in order of birth in the family. He 
 acquired his preliminary education in the public schools of Herkimer county, 
 New York, and afterward attended the Free Will Baptist Seminary at Clinton, 
 Oneida county, New York. The founder of that college was Mr. Kellogg, who 
 afterward became the first president of Knox College at Galesburg. In further 
 pursuit of his education Mr. Dunn attended Whitesboro Academy in Oneida 
 county. New York, and subsequently took up the profession of teaching, which 
 he followed through the winter seasons while in the summer months he worked 
 at farm labor. In June, 1853, he arrived in Knox county, Illinois, first settling 
 in Ontario, where he remained for ten years. On the expiration of that period 
 he removed to Rio township and in company with Michael Metcalf built a saw- 
 mill in Henderson Grove which they conducted for one summer and then sold. 
 Mr. Dunn next purchased a farm and continued to engage in the cultivation of 
 the fields for several years. In 1858 he was licensed to preach as a minister of 
 the United Brethren church and mach of his life has been devoted to this holy 
 calling. He was never absent from an annual conference during fifty-one years 
 and is widely known to the membership of his denomination. He preached for 
 four years at Mount Chappel, being there when the church was built. He has 
 acted as minister in different churches in the county and other parts of the state 
 and is now the oldest living minister in Knox county. For the past five years, 
 however, he has lived retired in Knoxville and can look back over the past with- 
 out regret and forward to the future without fear because his life has been an 
 element for good in the communities, where he has resided. His zealous support 
 of the cause of Christianity has aroused the interest and cooperation of others 
 and his work has been of no restricted order. 
 
 On the 4th of March, 1846, in Oneida county. New York, the Rev. Dunn was 
 united in holy bonds of matrimony to Miss Susan P. Wetmore, who was born 
 in that county July 13, 1823, and was a daughter of Ezra and Susan Wetmore, 
 natives of Rhode Island, who removed to New York in early life. In the family 
 of Mr. and Mrs. Dunn were the following children. Lucia is the wife of Theo. 
 Madison, a resident of the state of Washington, and they have one son, Fred- 
 erick. William E., now living in Rio township, married Miss Addie Haskins 
 and has two children, Roswell E. and Clark. Marian is the wife of William Wil- 
 son, of Kansas City, Kansas, and they have six children. May, Eva, George, 
 Lucia, Nina and William. Roswell died June 3, 1882. The mother of these 
 children passed away March 24, 1864, and in Henderson, Illinois, the Rev. 
 Dunn was again married, on the I5th of February, 1865, his second union being 
 
/':;:,;'..:: ^ HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY ^''f^^::':'-^ 
 
 with Maria Ryan, a native of Franklin county, Pennsylvania. They had two 
 children: Frank A., deceased; and Frederick, a resident of Chicago who mar- 
 ried Elsie Naly and has one child, Dorothy. Again Mr. Dunn was called upon 
 to mourn the loss of his wife, who died February 22, 1895, and on the 23d of 
 September, 1897, he married Margaret E. Wallich, who was born in this county, 
 April i6, 1854, and is a daughter of Jacob and Martha Wallich, natives of Penn- 
 sylvania, the former of German and the latter of Irish descent. Such in brief 
 is the life history of Frederick J. Dunn, a man widely and favorably known in 
 Knox county and honored wherever known. By precept and example he has 
 taught the better things of life and his influence and teaching have led many 
 to choose those things which are worth while and have actual value as factors -in 
 character building. 
 
 :,; ALBERT WILLIAM HAMERSTRAND. ^1^ . :^' ^'; ^ M 
 
 The agricultural interests of Lynn township have a worthy representative 
 in Albert William Hamerstrand, who was born in that township on the 5th of 
 February, 1878, his parents being John and Anna (Collison) Hamerstrand. 
 The father was born in Smaland, Sweden, May 29, 1840, and until he came to 
 America at the age of twenty-eight years, was engaged in the carpenter's trade 
 in Stockholm. Upon arriving in America he went directly to Altona, where he 
 was employed by a railway but subsequently took up farming for Robert Wilber 
 near Victoria. Later he was with C. Appell, but after seven years' employ rented 
 the farm upon which his son Albert was born. He erected the house upon this 
 place, and its substantiability attests his ability as a carpenter. Having in the 
 course of eight years rented three different farms, he then purchased the farm 
 on which they lived for twenty-three years, until the spring of 1909, when they 
 retired and purchased a residence in Galva, Illinois, where they now reside, 
 leaving the cultivation of the farm to their son, Albert William, who has now 
 made it his home for over twenty-six years. Mrs. Hamerstrand was born the 
 3d of August, 1858, at Vester, Gotland, Sweden, and came to this country with 
 her parents at the age of ten she being the oldest of eight children, and a daugh- 
 ter of Andrew Magnus Collison. The children of Mr. and Mrs. Hamerstrand 
 are: Albert William, who is the subject of this sketch: Elma, who is the wife 
 of Nels Henrikson, an agriculturist of Lynn township and who has one child ; 
 and Fern, who is residing with her parents. 
 
 After finishing his common-school education Albert Hamerstrand assisted 
 his father in the cultivation of the home farm but subsequently attended the 
 Galva high school for one year, and later the Augustana Business College of 
 Rock Island, from which he was graduated. After finishing these various 
 courses he took up active farming and remained at home. His ability and pro- 
 gressiveness were of great value to his father, and together they cultivated one 
 of the most profitable and highly productive farms in the township. On the nth 
 of January, 1905, Mr. Hamerstrand was married to Emily Elizabeth Johnson, 
 the daughter of Hans and Betsy Johnson, born on the 24th of March, 1882. 
 Hans and Betsy Johnson were the parents of three children: Arthur and 
 
722 ., HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY ! 
 
 Emanuel, who are residing at home, and Mrs. Hamerstrand. Mr. and Mrs. 
 Hamerstrand are the parents of one son, Maurice William, born October 25, in 
 1905. 
 
 The republican party, with its progressive and successful measures of pros- 
 perity, and its ardent support of many of the policies which have brought about 
 our national welfare, has won Mr. Hamerstrand's allegiance. He is at present 
 serving as township clerk, an office which he has held for eleven years. He 
 also holds the office of school director and telephone director. Both he and his 
 wife are members of the Swedish Lutheran church of Galva, in which the for- 
 mer has served as auditor for many years and the latter has been an active mem- 
 ber of the Ladies' Aid Society. 
 
 Sweden has frequently sent men to Knox county whose thrift, industry and 
 progressiveness have aided materially in developing the natural resources of 
 the county. Of these none have been more active than the Hamerstrands, 
 who have always been energetic, diligent and untiring in their efforts to fulfill 
 the duties which lay before them in their agricultural pursuits. By his close 
 application to work and living in accordance with the strictest principles of 
 integrity and honor, Mr. Hamerstrand has won for himself the respect and 
 esteem of his fellow citizens. 
 
 ;.^''/: ALBERT LENG. C- :,:..;; 
 
 One of the thoroughly progressive and enterprising agriculturists of Truro 
 township is Albert Leng, who owns and operates two hundred and ninety-five 
 acres of land, located three miles north of Williamsfield. He was born in Scar- 
 borough, Yorkshire, England, on July 2, 1841, and is a son of John and Ann 
 (Woodall) Leng, who always made their home in the mother country, the father 
 having passed away when our subject was a child of three years. 
 
 Albert Leng was educated in the common schools of England, where he re- 
 sided until he had attained the age of twenty-nine years. Being an enterprising 
 and ambitious young man, America had always appeared very attractive to him, 
 as he felt convinced from the reports he had received, that better opportunities 
 must be afforded for advancement here than in his native country, so in 1870 
 he took passage for the United States. When he arrived in this country he 
 came directly to Illinois, first settling in Scott county, where he remained from 
 June to October, when he went to Peoria county. He worked out as a farm 
 hand for a time, thus acquiring sufficient capital to purchase eighty acres of land 
 that he operated with excellent success until 1885. In the latter year he again 
 changed his location, this time becoming a resident of Knox county, purchasing 
 a place in the vicinity of Rochester. He owned this and also the farm in Peoria 
 county until 1892, when he disposed of both places and bought the property where 
 he now lives. During the period of his ownership he has placed many improve- 
 ments on his farm, including a commodious country residence, suitable barns and 
 substantial outbuildings. He is a man of progressive ideas and practical methods 
 and as his circumstances have permitted has added to the comfort and con- 
 venience of his homestead by the introduction of various modern appliances and 
 
X 
 
 u: 
 
 ^^ 
 
 y. 
 
722 HISTORY OF KXOX COUXTY 
 
 Emanuel, who are residing at home, and Mrs. Hamerstrand. !Mr. and Mrs. 
 Hamerstrand are the parents of one son. Maurice William, born October 25, in 
 
 1905. ; 
 
 The republican jmrty, with its progressive and successful measures of pros- 
 perity, and its ardent support of many of the policies which have brought about 
 our national welfare, has won Mr. Hamerstrand's allegiance. He is at present 
 serving as township clerk, an ofifice which he has held for eleven years. He 
 also holds the office of school director and telephone director. Both he and his 
 wife are members of the Swedish Lutheran church of Galva, in which the for- 
 mer has served as auditor for many years and the latter has been an active mem- 
 ber of the Ladies' Aid Society. 
 
 Sweden has fre(|uently sent men to Knox county whose thrift, industry and 
 progressiveness have aided materially in developing the natural resources of , 
 the county. Of these none have been more active than tlie Hamerstrands, . 
 who have al\va>'s lieen energetic, diligent and untiring in their efforts to fulfill 
 the duties which lay before them in their agricultural pursuits. By his close 
 application to work and living in accordance with the strictest principles of 
 integrity and honor, Mr. Hamerstrand has won for himself the respect and .; 
 esteem of his fellow citizens. 
 
 ALBERT LEXG. 
 
 One of the thoroughly progressive and enterprising agriculturists of Truro 
 township is Albert Leng, who owns and operates two hundre*! and ninety-five 
 acres of land, located three miles north of WilliamsHeld. He was born in Scar- 
 borough, Yorkshire, England, on July 2, 1841, and is a son of John and Ann 
 (Woodall) Leng, who always made their home in the mother country, the father 
 having passed away when our subject was a child of three years. : : 
 
 Albert Leng was educated in the common schools of England, where he re- 
 sided until he had attained the age of twenty-nine years. Being an enterprising 
 and ambitious young man, America had always appeared very attractive to him, 
 as he felt convinced from the reports he had received, that better opportunities 
 must be afforded f<ir advancement here than in his native country, so in 1870 
 he took passage for the United States. When he arrived in this country he 
 came directly to Illinois, first settling in Scott county, where he remained from 
 June to October, when he went to Peoria county. He worked out as a farm 
 hand for a time, thus ac(|uiring sufficient capital to purchase eighty acres of land, 
 that he operated with excellent success until 1883. In the latter year he again 
 changed his location, this time becoming a resident of Knox county, purchasing 
 a place in the vicinity of Rochester. He owned this and also the farm in Peoria 
 county until 1802, when he disposed of both places and bought the jiroperty where 
 he now lives. During the period of his ownership he has placed many imi)rove- 
 ments on his farm, including a commodious country residence, suitable barns and 
 substantial outbuildings. He is a man of progressive ideas and ])ractical methods 
 and as his circumstances have permitted has added to the comfort and con- 
 venience of his homestead bv the introduction of various modern ajipHance-^ and 
 
f. 
 
: ;V ^ ^^ ' HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY ^-- ': 726 
 
 inventions. His fields are devoted to the raising of such cereals as are best 
 adapted to the soil, all of the work on the fields now being done by Mr. Leng's 
 sons. In addition to general farming he has made a specialty of stock-raising, 
 both branches of the business having brought him very satisfactory returns. 
 Furthermore, Mr. Leng is the owner of one hundred and forty acres near Mil- 
 bank, South Dakota. His son, Luther E., recently bought two hundred and 
 sixteen acres in Truro township, having sold his holdings in Peoria county to 
 his brother E. G. Leng. 
 
 In Peoria county, on the 5th of February, 1874, Mr. Leng was united in ' 
 marriage to Miss Mary Frances Aby, who was born on the 2d of September, 
 1851, and is a daughter of Elder and Mary Ann (Murphy) Aby. Nine children 
 have been born of this marriage, as follows : Luther E., who was born on the 
 25th of February, 1875; James E., born November 23, 1876, now deceased; 
 Mary S., born on the 23d of December, 1877, the wife of H. Spencer, of this 
 county, and the mother of five children, three daughters and two sons ; Lyman 
 W., born on December 23, 1880, who married Jessie Keneer and has one child, 
 that is now deceased; Lulu O., who was born October 17, 1882, and died Janu- 
 ary 15, 1908, the wife of W. F. Porter of Victoria, by whom she had two sons 
 and one daughter; Robert N., born September 17, 1884; Ewart Gladstone, 
 bom on the 28th of December, 1887, who married Anna Rich, of Peoria county, 
 and has two children; Edna E., born on October 6, 1889, the wife of George 
 Keneer and the mother of one child ; and Carl E., whose birth occurred on Feb- 
 ruary 24, 1892. 
 
 Both Mr. and Mrs. Leng hold membership in the Methodist Episcopal church, 
 among the congregation of which they number many friends, and his political 
 support he accords to the populist party. He has always taken an active interest 
 in township affairs and has served as road commissioner and school director 
 and at the present time is justice of the peace. Much credit is due Mr. Leng 
 for the prosperity he has achieved, as he came to this country with no capital 
 save the strength and optimism that accompanies youth and tireless energy. He 
 has directed his undertakings in an intelligent manner, manifesting rare business 
 sagacity and foresight in the development of his interests and as a result has 
 realized good dividends on the investment of his labor.. 
 
 v^ ;;.;; JOHN HAMILTON PATTERSON. . ;. ' \^;. v>. 
 
 Although thirty-seven years have elapsed since John Hamilton Patterson 
 passed away, he is still well remembered by many of the older citizens of Knox- 
 ville, as one of the promising agriculturists of his township. He was born in 
 Adams county, Ohio, on the I4th of April, 1840, the only child of Alexander 
 and Hannah (Smith) Patterson, who were natives of Dayton, Ohio. The father, 
 who was an agriculturist, was engaged in farming in his native state for many 
 years, but he and his wife later removed to Decatur, Indiana, where they both 
 passed away. 
 
 John Hamilton Patterson was educated in the district schools, and while 
 pursuing his studies also assisted his father with the work about the farm. At 
 
; 726 - HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY ' : .V'^;; 
 
 , the age of sixteen, self-confidence asserted itself and he left the paternal home 
 and came to Illinois, at that time considered a western border state. He located 
 in Knox county in 1856 and engaged in farming, ultimately acquiring property 
 of his own. Enterprising and ambitious, he applied himself energetically to 
 whatever he undertook, directing his endeavors with foresight and intelligence. 
 Just when his efforts began reaping financial returns and the future gave every 
 assurance of promise his endeavors were terminated by death. He was acci- 
 dentally killed by the falling wall of a burning building on the i8th of Decem- 
 ber, 1874, being at the time but thirty- four years of age. I - . 
 On the I5th of February, i86i, Mr. Patterson was united in marriage to 
 . Miss Mary M. Brashear, whose birth occurred in Ohio, on the 6th of August, 
 1839. Her parents were Bazil and Eleanor (Shaw) Brashear, natives of Fay- 
 
 ' ette county, Pennsylvania, where they were also married. During the early 
 ; years of their domestic life they removed to Ohio and there the father engaged 
 in farming for a time but he subsequently came to Knoxville, and here both 
 \ parents passed away. Their family consisted of the following children : Eliza- 
 beth, who married a Mr. Engle and has passed away; John and Plaford, both 
 
 > of whom are also deceased; Bazil, who is a resident of Bond county, this state; 
 Ruth, the widow of Robert Patterson, who served for four years in the Union 
 army; and Mary M., the widow of John H. Patterson. Four children were 
 born to Mr. and Mrs. Patterson. Ira E., the eldest, who resides in Orange 
 township, this county, married Miss Flora Thomas, of Springfield, Illinois, and 
 they have two daughters, Edna and Frances. Harvey D., who is a resident of 
 Missouri, married Mae Thomas of Springfield, this state, and they have three 
 sons, Roy A., Fred L. and Harvey E. Frank A., who lives in Fulton county, 
 Illinois, married Bessie Church of Cambridge and they have one child, Glendora, 
 Emma M. has passed away. 
 
 In matters of citizenship Mr. Patterson was public-spirited and progressive, 
 but he never sought political preferment, although he discharged his civic duties 
 
 X by appearing at the polls on election day, casting his ballot in support of the 
 candidates of the republican party. During the period of his residence in Knox 
 county, which covered eighteen years, he won and retained the friendship of 
 many of its citizens, who held him in high esteem by reason of his many fine 
 
 . . sterling qualities. 
 
 - > GEORGE F. HILTON, M. D. :/;: 
 
 Dr. George F. Hilton, engaged in the practice of medicine at St. Augustine, 
 Knox county, Illinois, his recognized ability winning him a liberal patronage, 
 was born in Fulton county, this state, December 8, 1855, his parents being David 
 and Sarah A. (Bishop) Hilton. The ancestry can be traced back to several 
 generations in this country and it is well knovVn that the first of the name came 
 from England. The great-great-grandfather was a native of Maine and William 
 Hilton, the great-grandfather, was born in Wiscasset, Maine, August 15, 1759, 
 and died July 14, 1846. His wife, Catherine B. Hilton, was born May 24, 1764, 
 and died July 8, i8i6. Their children were: David, who was born September 
 
. r'-v ;^^ r ;; ; HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY :;- 727 
 
 10, 1782, and died January 13, 1838; Hannah, who was born January 27, 1784, 
 and died September i8, 1844; Martha, who was born February 9, 1786, and 
 died May 6, 1819; Jessie, who was born May i, 1788, and died in March, 
 1862; Joshua, who was born March 15, 1790, and died December 27, 1876; 
 Nancy, who was born September 30, 1792, and died November 24, i86i ; Thomas, 
 who was bom February 28, 1795, and died September i6, 1862; Oliver, who was 
 born March 24, 1797, and died in May, 1877; Emma, who was bom October 
 2, 1799, and died in February, 1875; Helen, who was bom January 3, 1802, 
 and died in August, 1883; Daniel, who was bom July 19, 1804, and died in 
 December, 1873; and Martha, who was born July 25, 1807, and died March 
 28, 1877. 
 
 Of this family Joshua Hilton was the grandfather of Dr. Hilton. He was 
 bom, as previously stated, March 15, 1790, and died December 27, 1876. His 
 wife. Sally Hilton, was bom June i, 1794, and died March 21, i88i. Their 
 children were: McKenney, who was born September 22, 1814; Catherine, who 
 was born August 27, i8i6, and died December i6, 1878; Asa, who was bom 
 December 22, 1819, and died February 3, 1820; Sarah, who was born March 
 10, 1821 ; Amos, who was bom April 26, 1823, and died January 5, 1885 ; David, 
 the father of our subject ; Caroline, who was bom August 27, 1832, and died 
 May 5, 1836; and Joshua, who was born August 27, 1835. 
 
 David Hilton, the father of our subject, was born in Maine, June 24, 1827, 
 and in early life removed to Ohio. In the late '505 he became a resident of 
 Fulton county, Illinois, and spent his remaining days there upon a farm, his 
 death occurring July 9, 1896, when he had reached the age of sixty-nine years. 
 In early life he engaged in the butchering business in California, having made 
 the trip to that state with ox teams, spending three years upon the Pacific coast. 
 He married Sarah A. Bishop, who was bom February 26, 1831, and died Feb- 
 ruary 26, 1903. In their family were the following children. Jasper, who was 
 bom October 14, 1851, passed away on the 5th of October, 1852. Cyrus, the 
 next of the family, was bom on the 24th of February, 1853. George F., of this 
 review, is the next younger. Henry W., born September 15, 1857, married 
 Mary A. Maranville, who was born in i86i, and they became the parents of 
 eleven children: Lola, who was born October 30, 1876, and died November 19, 
 1876; Orpha Bell, who was bom May 24, 1879, and died March 20, 1910; Fan- 
 nie, bom April 21, i88i ; David, who was born September 13, 1883, and died 
 February 5, 1904; Dayton, bom August 22, 1885; Ethel V., bom December 29, 
 1887; Harley, born in March, 1889; Jesse, bom May 7, 1890; Elra Ray, bom 
 July 6, 1892; Skeet, bom September 19, 1895; and Ina, born October 28, 1897. 
 Mary, the daughter of David and Sarah A. Hilton, was born August 19, 1859, 
 and married Lewis K. Hoar, a resident of Vandalia, Illinois, who is known 
 throughout the state as a very successful contractor and business man. Six chil- 
 dren were born to them, namely: Effie May, who was born November 4, 1879, 
 and died February 26, i88i ; Bertha Estella, who was born October 27, i88i, 
 and died August 9, 1889; Sarah Ellen, who was bom August 12, 1884; Edna 
 Fem, who was bom June 15, 1887, and died July 12, 1910; Martha Lutta, who 
 was bom November 23, 1890, and died January 29, 1891 ; and Jesse Daniel, who 
 was bom November 21, 1891, and died October 21, 1892. John W., born March 
 13, 1862, passed away on the I3th of February, 1898. Stephen Leonard, born 
 
728 ' HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY ;;;:;/-:;/ 
 
 December 21, 1863, married Serilda Ann Moon, who was born January i8, 
 1868, and they became the parents of six children, namely: Ina May, born 
 February 7, 1888; Charles David, who was born May 9, 1889, and died Septem- 
 ber 29, 1910; William Wesley, who was born November 2, 1890, and died Novem- 
 ber 8, 1895; Sarah Pearl, bom February 28, 1896; Mabel Frances, born Novem- 
 ber 22, 1902 ; and Velva Dora, born September 4, 1904. Of this family Charles 
 David was married, his wife being Alice Holman, who was born May 12, 1886, 
 and they had one daughter, Helen J., born March 24, 1910. Jessie was born 
 May 21, 1865. Martin L. was born September 12, 1867. Sarah E. was born 
 January 12, 1870, and died on the 9th of February, 1871. 
 
 Dr. Hilton acquired his education in Cuba, Illinois, being graduated from 
 the high school with the class of 1875. During his high-school days he also 
 took up the study of medicine and in 1875 entered the College of Physicians 
 and Surgeons of Keokuk. Iowa, from which he was graduated in 1879. Imme- 
 diately afterward he began the practice of medicine in St. Augustine, Illinois, 
 where he has since continued. He has practiced with phenomenal success here, 
 his labor.s being attended with results that indicate his comprehensive knowledge 
 of the science of medicine and his correct application of its principles. He has 
 vvritten many valuable articles on medical science pertaining to pathology and the 
 treatment of disease and he always maintains that there are two important prin- 
 ciples in medicine first, the diagnosis of the case and second, the application 
 of the remedy. He is now the owner of a fine office building and an attractive 
 residence in St. Augustine and has also invested in railroad stock. 
 
 In i88i Dr. Hilton was united in marriage to Miss Jennie Louise Supple, 
 who was born in St. Augustine, June 15, 1858, and died November 28, 1890. 
 They became the parents of three children : Leo, who was born May 22, 1882, 
 and died April 20, 1884; Irene Frances, who was born May .22, 1885; and 
 Charles Demott, who was born April i, 1887, and is now in the employ of a 
 railroad company, living in Kansas City, Missouri. 
 
 Dr. Hilton holds membership in the Catholic church and also belongs to 
 the Modern Woodmen camp. No. 4234, and to the Royal Neighbors, No. 395. 
 In politics he has been a lifelong democrat and, while he has never been a politi- 
 cian in the sense of office seeking, he has labored effectively in behalf of the 
 cause of education during his nine years' service as school director. His profes- 
 sional relations are with the Knox County and Illinois State Medical Societies 
 and at all times he keeps in touch with the advanced work, thought and purposes 
 of the profession. 
 
 ^ :, ;:^v, PROFESSOR GEORGE HOWARD BRIDGE. 
 
 .Professor George Howard Bridge, supervisor of manual training, in the 
 high school of Galesburg, was born in De Kalb county, Illinois, May 27, 1857. 
 He is descended from English ancestry but comparatively little is known back 
 of the last generation. His father, George Bridge, was a native of Dorchester, 
 England, and was reared in Dorchester, where he afterward learned and fol- 
 lowed the butcher's trade, continuing in that pursuit until he came to America 
 
;{;-;::: HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY 7H':l - 729 
 
 about 1855. After establishing his home in DeKalb county, he there opened 
 a butchering business which he continued until 1864, when he came to Gales- '. 
 burg and for a number of years was proprietor of a meat market here. He 
 married Hannah (Read) Leggett, also a native of Suffolk and a daughter of 
 Stephen and Mary (Howard) Read, who were likewise natives of England. .. ' 
 Her father who was a farmer died in middle life and her mother reached an . '_ 
 advanced age. In their family were twelve childrerT including Mrs. Bridge. 
 George Bridge spent the last years of his life in Nebraska and his widow is 
 now living with her son George H. She was twice married, her first husband 
 being Isaac Leggett, by whom she had one child, Walter, who is now deceased.^ . 
 The seven children born unto Mr. and Mrs. Bridge are : George H. ; Everetta, 
 the wife of William Putnam, of Kansas; Clara L., the wife of S. C. Greaves, of .^ 
 Harrison, Arkansas; Emma J., the wife of W. C. Whitmore, of Surprise, Ne- -y , 
 braska; John R., of Galesburg; Mae, the wife of William Warren, of Mon- ... 
 mouth, Illinois; and one who died in infancy. . ' 
 
 Professor Bridge spent the first seven years of his life in the county of his , 
 nativity but has been a resident of Galesburg for forty-seven years, largely r 
 acquiring his education in the public schools of this city and in the Western -:' 
 Business College of Galesburg, from which he was graduated in 1879. For a; 
 time he was one of the proprietors of a commercial college at Lawrence, Kan- :- , 
 sas. in partnership with M. H. Barringer under the firm name of Bridge & ..''-. 
 Barringer, the connection being maintained for two years. He then returned 
 to the Galesburg public schools as supervisor of penmanship in all of the schools, 
 continuing to occupy that position for ten or fifteen years, during which time ; 
 he had charge of the commercial work. In 1887, however, he organized the - 
 manual training department of which he is still the supervisor and under his r ^; 
 direction there are now about four hundred and thirty boys pursuing the course. . .% 
 The Galesburg schools were among the first in the state to introduce manual .'^ 
 training as well as to establish an elective course and were also among the first ' 
 to introduce the practical phase of manual training. The boys are g^ven instruc- ;, -^.! 
 tion in all kinds of wood work and recently iron work has also been introduced. . - - 
 This is of marked assistance to the public-school pupils, preparing many of them ; 
 for the practical and responsible duties which come later in life. Professor ; ^ - 
 Bridge holds to high ideals and attempts to establish a standard that will produce ' : .. 
 thoroughness, efficiency and reliability. More than one man now successful in ' :; 
 a chosen field of labor received the impetus for his progress in the instruction v .-^ 
 of Professor Bridge. 
 
 The 5th of April, i88i, was the wedding day of Professor Bridge and Miss '. 
 Minerva I. Olin, who was born in Aurora, Kane county, Illinois, April 4, 1857. . .-. ; 
 Her parents, Edwin C. and Cyntha Olin, however, were natives of New York, 
 who became early residents of Aurora, coming to Illinois in 1853. In 1855 ^^- ''"" 
 Olin entered the employ of the Chicago, Burlington & Quincy Railroad Com- '. . 
 pany, with whom he continued for nearly forty-five years, during most of the . ''.;, 
 time in the capacity of bridge superintendent. The family removed to Gales- ' - 
 burg in 1873. In 1902 Mr. Olin went to Conway, Iowa, to look after his farm- ; :'.- 
 ing interests, but about a year later passed away there on May 3, 1903. Mrs. ' 
 Olin died at the home of her daughter, Mrs. Bridge, in Galesburg in 1908. In \ 
 the family were two children, Minerva and Ida, the latter the wife of C. U. i . 
 
730 HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY , ^ 
 
 . - . ''i .-''; - 
 
 Goldsmith, of Lincoln, Nebraska. Unto Professor and Mrs. Bridge have been 
 born seven children. Glenn F., who was a graduate of the Galesburg high 
 school and also attended the State University at Champaign, Illinois, for two 
 years, died of mountain fever when twenty-two years of age, at Salida, Colorado. 
 Earle R., who is a graduate of the high school and of Knox College, has taught 
 for six years in the Galesburg high school and is now assistant supervisor of 
 manual training. Arthur H., who, following his graduation from high school, 
 spent two years in Knox College, is now managing a large farm in Cass county. 
 North Dakota. Irene O. is a graduate of the high school and of Knox Col- 
 lege, and Gordon H., Ruth J. and Edna are all pupils of the high school. 
 
 Mr. and Mrs. Bridge are members of the Baptist church, in the work of 
 which they are actively and helpfully interested, contributing in many ways to 
 various branches of the church work. For several years Professor Bridge was 
 chairman of the board of deacons, is now chairman of the board of trustees 
 and for two years was superintendent of the Sunday school. He votes with 
 the republican party, but has never sought nor desired office, preferring that 
 his public service should be of another character. A resident of Galesburg for 
 forty-seven years, he has been connected with its public schools for thirty-one 
 years of that time and his work in behalf of public instruction has been of a 
 practical character and of far-reaching benefit. He is now the president of the 
 Sixth Ward Improvement Society and vice president of the Galesburg Improve- 
 ment Association. In other ways he has taken an active and helpful interest in 
 the general welfare of this city and his cooperation can be counted upon to 
 further any movement for the public good. His residence is at No. 1590 West 
 Main street, where in 1900 he erected an elegant home, one of the finest in the 
 city. , .-. ' - .'-;-:'-'; '^''"'^'^-r".":: -;--;:--'' 
 
 ;^ -^\,;^^; , MRS. LYDIA M. HALL. '.:;:. 
 
 r ' ', '.-.'. ' . -..-..-,'' *''.'- 
 
 Mrs. Lydia M. Hall, who is now living in Yates City, has been a resident of 
 Knox county since she was a child of nine years. She was born in Erie county. 
 New York, and is a daughter of James and Sarah J. (Candee) Jobes, natives of 
 Onondaga county. New York, where they were also reared and educated. After 
 their marriage they located in Erie county, twenty miles south of Buffalo, whence 
 they removed to Illinois. They first located in Kendall county and after residing 
 there for seven years came to Knox county, settling in Salem township, in 1854, 
 where they spent the remainder of their days, the father passing away at the 
 age of eighty-five and the mother at ninety-one. Both were laid to rest in the 
 cemetery at Uniontown. Of the marriage of Mr. and Mrs. Jobes there were 
 bom ten children. Wallace, a veteran of the Civil war, now residing in Tecum- 
 seh, Nebraska, married. Amanda Buffin, who was reared in Knox county. New- 
 ton married Margaret Russell, who was bom and reared in Salem township, this 
 county, a daughter of Nicholas and Sarah Russell. Irvin, also a Civil war veteran, 
 married Lucinda Lewis, now deceased, and is living in Seattle, Washington. 
 Candee is married and resides in Abingdon, Illinois. Julia became the wife of 
 Peter Cassler and now resides in New Jersey. Mary married Walter Faxom. 
 
780 . HISTORY OF KXOX COUNTY 
 
 Goldsmith, of Lincoln, Nebraska. Unto Professor and Mrs. Bridge have been 
 born seven children. Glenn F., who was a graduate of the Galesburg high 
 school and also attended the State University at Champaign, Illinois, for two 
 years, died of mountain fever when twenty-two years of age, at Salida, Colorado. 
 . Earle R., who is a graduate of the high school and of Knox College, has taught 
 for six years in the Galesburg high school and is now assistant supervisor of 
 manual training. Arthur H., who, following his graduation from high school, 
 spent two years in Knox College, is now managing a large farm in Cass county. 
 North Dakota. Irene O. is a graduate of the high school and of Kno.x Col- 
 lege, and Gordon H., Ruth J. and Edna are all pupils of the Iiigh sch(x>l. 
 
 Mr. and Mrs. Bridge are members of the P.ajJtist church, in the work of 
 which they are actively and liel])fully interested, contriljuting in many ways to 
 various branches of the church work. For several years Professor Bridge wa.; 
 chairman of the board of deacons, is now chairman of the board of trustees 
 and for two years was superintendent of the Sunday school. lie votes with 
 the republican party, but has never sought nor desired office, preferring that 
 his public sen'ice should be of another character. A resident of Galesburg for 
 forty-seven years, he has been connected with its public schools for thirty-one 
 years of that time and his work in behalf of public instruction has been of a 
 practical character and of far-reaching benefit. lie i.s now the president of tlie 
 Sixth \\'ard lm|)nn-ement Society and vice president of tlie Galesburg Ini])r()ve- 
 ment Association. In other ways he has taken an active and helpful interest in 
 the general welfare of this city and his cooperation can be counted upon to 
 further any movement for the public good. His residence is at No. I5<jo \\'est 
 Main street, where in 1900 he erected an elegant home, one of the finest in the 
 
 city- 
 
 '' MRS. LYDIA M. HALL. : . 
 
 Mrs. Lydia ]M. TIall, who is now living in Yates City, has been a resident of 
 Kno.x county since she was a child of nine years. She was born in Erie county, 
 New York, and is a daughter of James and Sarah J. (Candee) Jobes, natives of 
 Onondaga county. New York, where they were also reared and educated. After 
 their marriage they located in Erie county, twenty miles south of Buffalo, whence 
 they removed to Illinois. They first located in Kendall county and after residing 
 there for seven years came to Knox county, settling in Salem townshi]), in 1854, 
 where they spent the remainder of their days, the father passing away at the 
 age of eighty-five and the mother at ninety-one. Both were laid to rest in the 
 cemetery at Uniontown. Of the marriage of Mr. and Mrs. Jobes there were 
 born ten children. Wallace, a veteran of the Civil war, now residing in Tecum- 
 seh, Nebraska, married. Amanda Buffin, who was reared in Kno.x county. New- 
 ton married Margaret Russell, who was born and reared in Salem township, this 
 county, a daughter of Nicholas and Sarah Russell. Trvin, also a Civil war veteran, 
 married Lucinda Lewis, now deceased, and is living in Seattle, Washington. 
 Candee is married and resides in Abingdon, Illinois. Julia became the wife of 
 Peter Cassler and now resides in New Jersey. Mary married Walter Faxom. 
 
HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY 733 
 
 She is living in Salem township and Mr. Faxom, who died in 1897, was both a 
 farmer and mason by profession. The next in order of birth are Casper, who is 
 a retired farmer, residing at Yates City, and Mrs. Hall. Sarah died at the age 
 of six years. Emma, the youngest in this family, died in infancy. Mrs. Jobes 
 was a member of the Presbyterian church. Politically Mr. Jobes was a republi- 
 can, but never filled or sought public office. They were most estimable people 
 and had a wide circle of acquaintances, who held them in the highest regard. 
 
 Mrs. Lydia M. Hall, the youngest now living, was but two years of age, 
 when she accompanied her parents on their removal from New York to Illinois. 
 She began her education in the district schools of Kendall county, supplementing 
 the knowledge therein gained by further study in the schools of Salem township, 
 where she was reared to womanhood. 
 
 In 1864, while yet in her early girlhood, Mrs. Hall, who has been married 
 twice, became the wife of Matthew Buflfum, who- was bom and reared in Ohio, 
 a son of Stephen and Esther Buffum. They began their domestic life on a farm 
 
 .. of three hundred acres in Salem township, where they made their home until 
 Mr. Buffum's death. After his demise the greater part of the property was sold, 
 
 ' but Mrs. Hall still owns one hundred and twenty acres located on sections 19 
 and 20 in Salem township. Mr. BuflFum passed away in 1891 and was laid to 
 rest in the Uniontown cemetery. He was a democrat in politics and always took 
 an active interest in township aflfairs, having served both as road commissioner 
 and school director. ;. 
 
 Following the death of her first husband, Mrs. Hall removed to Yates City, 
 where she has ever since resided, her farm being operated by tenants. Her second 
 marriage was with Cyrus Hall, who was a native of Ohio and a son of Chauncey 
 Hall. Mr. Hall died in 1906, and was at that time a retired farmer. 
 
 Mrs. Hall is a member of the Methodist Episcopal church, in the work of 
 which she takes an active and earnest interest. She is also a member of the 
 Ladies' Aid Society and holds the office of treasurer in that organization. For 
 a period of eighteen years Mrs. Hall has been a resident of Yates City, and num- 
 bers among its citizens many warm friends, to whom she has endeared herself 
 through the kindly, helpful spirit and gracious manner that enable her to win 
 and retain the high regard of those with whom she comes in contact. 
 
 , ; :'v ;;/^;;. MRS. CATHERINE u. CREEP. ; > ;;!;:> - :,;; 
 
 Mrs. Catherine U. Creep, who is the widow of Hans Creep, formerly a well 
 known agriculturist -of Lynn township, is still residing upon the homestead. She 
 was born February 14, 1851. in Calesburg, and is the daughter of Joel and Julia 
 (Annis) Starboard. Joel Starboard was the son of John Starboard, an efficient 
 carpenter and cabinet worker who passed away when his son was ten years of 
 age, the mother having died six years previous. The orphaned son 'was reared 
 by an aunt and came to Calesburg in 1842. where he followed the plow-makers' - 
 and shingle-makers' trade. Eleven years later, in March 1853, he removed to 
 the present homestead in Lynn township, where he lived out an active and suc- 
 cessful career. Mr. and Mrs. Starboard were the parents of four children: 
 ToL n n 
 
734 HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY 
 
 Martha A., who is the wife of H. Lyke, of Iowa; Mary, who is married to 
 Thomas Williams of Missouri ; Ella N. ; and Mrs. Catherine U. Creep, the sub- 
 ject of this review. .. . . .',''' 
 
 Until her marriage Mrs. Creep remained at home and assisted with the duties 
 which come to hand on every farm. In 1873 she was married to Hans Creep, 
 who was born in May, 1844, and who was a native of Sweden. When three 
 years of age he came to America with his parents and settled with the Bishop 
 Hill colony. His father, John Eric Creep, was a tailor by trade and was mar- 
 ried to Catherine Johnson. His death occurred April i8, 1899, when he was 
 eighty-two years of age, and his widow passed away in February, 1908, at the 
 age of eighty-eight years. During his active career Mr. Creep was engaged in 
 agricultural pursuits, first assisting his father and later farming independently 
 in Lynn township. After his marriage he purchased the present Creep home- 
 stead in 1882, and twelve years later removed to Calva, Illinois, where he died 
 in 1905. After the death of her husband Mrs. Creep returned to the farm, 
 where she is now residing. They were the parents of three children : Orpha 
 E., who is a home missionary in North Dakota ; Theodore W., who has assumed 
 the management of the home farm ; and Olive S., who is residing with her 
 mother. 
 
 Mrs. Creep traces her ancestry on the maternal line back to Samuel and 
 Johanna (Thorndyke) Annis, the former a native of Maine who died in Vic- 
 toria in 1854 at the age of ninety years and the latter, of Scotch-Irish descent, 
 passed away in the same town. Their son, Ellison Annis, was born in 1792 in 
 Waldo county, Maine. In early life he left his native state and crossed the 
 country to the Illinois river on July 4, 1837, settling in Victoria on the 28th of 
 July of that year. He was married to Catherine Maro, whose birth occurred, in 
 1796, in Boston and who passed away in 1871, while her husband died at the 
 age of about eighty-nine years in July, 1880. He began life as a sailor and was in 
 the war of 1812 drawing a land warrant for his service. During this service he 
 first became acquainted with the western country. 
 
 Mrs. Creep's life has been devoted to her home duties and to the interests 
 of her church. She holds membership in the Second Adventist church, and 
 aims to live in accordance with the high principles of its teachings. Both she 
 and her husband have been useful citizens in their community, because of their 
 substantial moral worth and because of their constant devotion to duty. 
 
 . CEORCE W. WITHERELL. .^ ^ ;,--'y;; f : 
 
 Ceorge W. Witherell is the owner of the Spring Brook Stock Farm, in the 
 operation of which he is meeting with a gratifying degree of success. He is a 
 native of Indiana, his birth having occurred in Washington county, on the 8th 
 of September, 1845, ^"d a son of Ephraim H. and Rebecca (Donaldson) With- 
 erell. Mr. Witherell traces his ancestry back to the colonial days, his great- 
 grandfathers in both lines having participated in the Revolution, while his grand- 
 father, Witherell, was a captain of artillery in the war of 1812, and his grand- 
 father, Donaldson, a captain of infantry. The paternal ancestors came from 
 
::; vv . ; . ,- . HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY , 0^:;^, 785 
 
 Vermont, where his father was born in i8i6, but when a child of two years he 
 
 was taken to Pennsylvania by his parents and there he was reared and educated. 
 
 After leaving school he learned the carpenter's trade, which he followed during 
 
 the greater part of his active life. The mother of our subject was bom in 
 
 . Erie county, Pennsylvania, in i8i8, and it was there she and Mr. Witherell were 
 
 married and spent the early days of their domestic life. In 1840 they removed 
 
 to Washington county, Indiana, where for five years he followed his trade and 
 
 also that of shoemaker. At the expiration of that period they again started 
 
 westward, this time settling in Peoria county, Illinois, continuing to make their 
 
 home there until 1851, when they came to Knox county. There they settled on 
 
 a farm in Kickapoo township, but at the end of two years located in Knoxville, 
 
 and here the father passed away in 1908, at the age of ninety-two years, while 
 
 the mother was seventy-one at the time of her demise. The family of Mr. and 
 
 Mrs. Witherell consisted of one daughter, Ursula, who died in i86i, and six 
 
 : sons, who are as follows: Loren R., who is a resident of Knoxville; George W., 
 
 our subject; Willard, who is living in California; Erie, whose home is in Mis- 
 
 souri ; Silas, who is a resident of Springfield, Missouri ; and Oscar, who passed 
 
 ; away in 1905. ';'-'.. '^v.^ V.;:-/- "^ ^ \. '- 
 
 Practically the entire life of George W. Witherell has been spent in Knox 
 county, as he was only a child of six years when he came here with his parents. 
 He obtained his education in the common schools and when old enough to be- 
 come self-supporting decided to take up agriculture for his life vocation. He 
 - located on his present farm just after his marriage in 1866, and has devoted 
 -. his entire attention to its cultivation and the raising of stock for forty-five years. 
 It contains one hundred acres of fertile land, that is devoted to such cereals as 
 are best adapted to the soil and climate, and pasturage for the stock. As his 
 . means have permitted Mr. Witherell has improved his place by the addition of 
 : many modern conveniences, characteristic of the spirit of progress he has ever 
 manifested in his undertakings. He has a fine grade of cattle, mostly Short- 
 horns and Jerseys, of which he makes a specialty, and is constantly improving 
 the line by careful breeding. In the administration of his affairs he evidences 
 the clear judgment, discretion and intelligence that ultimately bring prosperity, 
 particularly when united with enterprise and diligence. 
 
 Mr. Witherell was united in marriage on the I7th of May, 1866, at Knox- 
 ville, to Miss Martha A. Stolloper, who was bom in Washington county, Mary- 
 land, on February 28, 1847. The parents of Mrs. Witherell were Henry and 
 Harriet Stolloper, also natives of Maryland, whence they removed to Knox 
 county fifty years ago. The mother is still living but the father passed away 
 .when Mrs. Witherell was a child. Eight children were born of the marriage 
 of Mr. and Mrs. Witherell, as follows: Flora, who is the wife of George Breed- 
 laugh, of Knox county ; Minnie, who married John Dredge, also of Knoxville ; 
 Etta, the wife of Harry Woolsey, likewise of Knoxville ; Daisy, who became the 
 wife of James Ferrell, of Galesburg; Clara, who married Ray Howser, of Gales- 
 burg; Harmon, who married Lola Myers, now residing in Kingston, Kansas; 
 Arthur, whose wife was Miss Mamie Peterson of Knoxville, a resident of this 
 county; and Clyde, who married Miss Mae Dawson, of Dahinda. now a resi- 
 dent of Knoxville. :;-~: ^;-y 
 
736 HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY 
 
 Mr. Witherell is a veteran of the Civil war, having enlisted in Company A, 
 Seventy-seventh Illinois Volunteer Infantry, and gone to the front on the nth 
 of February, 1863, where he remained until the close of hostilities. He saw 
 much active service, having participated in fourteen battles, the most important 
 being those of Vicksburg and Cross Roads, and he was also present at the siege 
 of Mobile. On the I5th of August, 1865, he was mustered out at New Orleans, 
 receiving his discharge at Springfield, this state, on the 2d of September, 1865. 
 He is a charter member of Post No. 239, of the Grand Army of the Republic, 
 in which he has held all of the chairs. Fraternally he is affiliated with the 
 Modern Woodmen of America, being a charter member of the Knoxville camp, 
 with which he has been identified for twenty-four years and has held all of the 
 chairs, and he also belongs to the Fraternal Reserve Association. In matter? of 
 faith both he and Mrs. Witherell are Methodists, and take an active interest in 
 the work of their church, among the membership of which they number many 
 friends. , . , . , . . 
 
 ': ' ' :. " JAMES w. COX. ..vv- ;;:-::,;;.', ;/:;;: 
 
 James W. Cox, a prominent and respected resident of Abingdon, has for 
 more than two decades served as president of the Globe Shirt & Overall Com- 
 pany, one of the leading manufacturing enterprises of Knox county. His birth 
 occurred in Indian Point township, this county, on the I2th of May, 1855, his 
 parents being John and Rebecca (Bellwood) Cox, both of whom were natives 
 of Ohio. The father came to Knox county, Illinois, in early manhood, about 
 the year 1850, while the mother was brought here by her parents when a little 
 maid of about six. Following his marriage John Cox located on a farm in In- 
 dian Point township, residing thereon until called to his final rest in 1893, when 
 about sixty-five years of age. His widow still survives and makes her home 
 with our subject. She has spent practically her entire life in Knox county and 
 is well known and highly esteemed within its borders. 
 
 James W. Cox was reared under the parental roof and supplemented his 
 preliminary education, obtained in the district schools, by a course of study at 
 Hedding College. Subsequently he followed the profession of teaching for five 
 years, imparting clearly and readily to others the knowledge that he had 
 acquired. In 1880 he turned his attention to merchandising, first conducting 
 an establishment at Albert Lea, Minnesota. A short time afterward he came 
 to Abingdon, Illinois, and opened a store here, being one of the leading general 
 merchants of the town for about five years. After abandoning mercantile pur- 
 suits he was not connected with business interests for about a year. In 1889, 
 however, in association with S. T. Mosser, he established the Globe Shirt & 
 Overall Company. Business was begun on a modest scale on the site now occu- . 
 pied by the Mercantile, but these quarters were soon found inadequate and a 
 removal was made to the present location. The rapid growth of the business 
 required frequent enlargements of the plant, which today is a modern structure 
 of two stories and covers a quarter of a block. Employment is furnished to 
 from one hundred and seventy-five to two hundred operatives. Mr. Cox is a 
 
^ ^:;; HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY ::v^ 737 
 
 man of excellent executive ability and sound judgment, carrying forward to 
 successful completion whatever he undertakes. In addition to his manufacturing 
 interests he is also a factor in financial circles as a director of the First State 
 & Savings Bank of Abingdon. 
 
 In politics Mr. Cox is independent, supporting men and measures rather 
 than party. A stanch friend of the cause of education, he has served as a mem- 
 ber of the board of education for the past ten or twelve years and is now acting 
 as its president. Fraternally he is identified with the Independent Order of Odd 
 Fellows, belonging to Abingdon Lodge, No. 184. He has spent almost his 
 entire life within the borders of Knox county and is widely recognized as one 
 of its representative and esteemed citizens. ., , ... 
 
 ^^v -;.:;; ANDREW JACKSON ROSS. ; J C; 
 
 .- Andrew Jackson Ross is one of the well known retired farmers of Lynn 
 township who has taken an active part in the agricultural development of this 
 section and who is now enjoying the fruits of his former labor. He was bom 
 on the I4th of April, 1835, in Camden county. New Jersey, and is a son of Ben- 
 jamin and Nancy (Norcross) Ross. He is a grandson of Andrew Ross, who 
 was a native of Scotland and came to New Jersey when but a young man. He 
 was engaged in agricultural pursuits until his death, which occurred in 1839. 
 Benjamin Ross was also a native of Camden county. New Jersey, and was an 
 agriculturist throughout his entire active career. His death occurred in 1856, 
 when he was fifty years of age. In politics he gave his support to the democratic 
 party and held various township offices. The mother's birth occurred in 1806 
 and she passed away in her native state. New Jersey, in 1895. She was a daugh- 
 ter of Joseph and Martha (Sloan) Norcross, the former of whom was an agri- 
 culturist and of English descent. To Mr. and Mrs. Benjamin Ross eleven chil- 
 dren were born, five of whom survive : Joseph, who is residing in Camden, New 
 Jersey ; Hannah, the wife of Thomas McCann, of New Jersey ; Andrew J., of 
 this review ; Edward, who is also living in New Jersey ; and Patience, who is the 
 widow of J. T. Howard, of New Jersey. 
 
 After finishing his education in the district schools near his home, Andrew 
 J. Ross worked out by the month until 1859, when he removed to Knox county 
 and located upon the farm which is now known as the Gibbs farm. Subsequently 
 he came to Victoria township and from 1870 until 1894 resided there. After he 
 left that township he removed to the property upon which he is now living 
 retired. In addition to general farming he also engaged in stock-raising and 
 in both of these undertakings his labor and efforts were amply rewarded by the 
 increasing returns which were annually yielded to him. He instituted many 
 reforms as fast as they were advanced by leading agriculturists in the country 
 and in this way raised the standard of the science of farming in this township. 
 Because of his long experience in agricultural pursuits his advice is frequently 
 asked and always heeded, his judgment being based upon the results which he 
 received by careful and untiring eflforts. i . - - .? 
 
 
738 ; HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY 
 
 On the 5th of September, 1858, Mr. Ross was married to Miss Mary Ann 
 Downs, whose birth occurred in 1824 and who passed away in 1901. She was a 
 daughter of Charles and Patience (Chew) Downs, both of whom were natives 
 of Ireland. The father was engaged in farming and in the sawmill business. 
 Their deaths occurred in 1867 and 1871 respectively. Mr. and Mrs. Ross were 
 the parents of two children. Ella, the eldest, was born June 26, 1859, and i^ 
 at home. Elizabeth, born May 3, 1867, is the wife of John R. Gofi and the 
 mother of two children : Ford, who is married to Ora Todd and has one daugh- 
 ter, Lillian; and Grace Mildred, whose birth occurred October 31, 1886, and who 
 became the wife of David Craig, a son of David and Mary (Cowell) Craig, of 
 Missouri. To Mr. and Mrs. David Craig, Jr., three children were born, Howard, 
 Mildred and Lucille. The death of Mrs. Ross occurred on the i7th of May, 
 1901. ' d/ ;'^' 
 
 Politically Mr. Ross is affiliated with the republican party, by whom he was 
 elected to the office of roadmaster of the township. In religious faith he is 
 affiliated with the Christian church of La Fayette. For more than fifty years 
 Mr. Ross has been a resident of Knox county and during this period he has 
 made his influence felt in the circles with which he has been connected and has 
 performed a citizen's duty in the development of the township. He is a man of 
 noble qualities of character, of strong and resolute purpose, industrious and, 
 enterprising, and, well known throughout the community for his uprightness 
 and honesty, he merits and enjoys the respect and confidence of his neighbors 
 and many friends. , ^. .;-, . .v >',;..;' -^v .^^ ..-. 
 
 ; CHARLES D. NORTH. <:,::V\; .;: x 
 
 Prominent in financial as well as agricultural circles in Knox county, Charles 
 D. North, president of the Bank, of Yates City and owner of one of the finest 
 farms in Elba township, resides four miles north of Yates City. Born in Pendle- 
 ton county, Virginia, October 8, 1844, he was a son of Thomas J. North, whose 
 birth occurred in i8oi, in Loudoun county, Virginia, whither Caleb North, the 
 great-grandfather of our subject, had come from Ireland, leaving there May i, 
 1729, and landing here July 20. George North, the grandfather, was bom in 
 1751 and was an officer in the Revolutionary war. Thomas J. North was a 
 miller by trade and followed this occupation in Virginia until 1875, when he 
 removed to Yates City, Illinois, and lived retired, dying here several years later. 
 He married Eliza Hinkle, who was a daughter of Jesse Hinkle, a Methodist Epis- 
 copal preacher. The Hinkle family are of Dutch origin and the first ancestor 
 to come to this country was Anthony Jacob Hinkle, who settled in Virginia. 
 To Mr. and Mrs. Thomas J. North fourteen children were born, of whom three 
 are now living, Sarah K., Thomas G. and Charles D. 
 
 Charles D. North obtained his education in Virginia and on leaving school 
 enlisted in the army with the Sixty-second Virginia Cavalry, under the com- 
 mand of Fitzhugh Lee, and served during the last three years of the war. He 
 took part in some of the important engagements and was wounded three times. 
 When the war was over, he settled in Knox county in 1866 and engaged in the 
 
CHARLES D. NORTH 
 
738 -^.: HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY 
 
 On the 5th of September. 1858. Mr. Ross was married to Mis Mary Ann 
 Downs, whose birth occurred in 1824 and who passed away in 1901. She was a 
 daughter of Charles and Patience (Chew) Downs, both of whom were natives 
 of Ireland. The father was engaged in farming and in the sawmill business. 
 Their deaths occurred in 1867 and 1871 respectively. Mr. and Mrs. Ross were 
 the parents of two children. Ella, the eldest, was born June 26, 1859, and is 
 at home. Elizabeth, born May 3, 1867, is the wife of John R. Gofi and the 
 mother of two children : Eord, who is married to Ora Todd and has one daugh- 
 ter, Lillian; and Grace Mildred, whose birth occurred October 31, 1886, and who 
 became the wife of David Craig, a son of David and Mary (Cowell) Craig, of 
 Missouri. To Mr. and Mrs. David Craig, Jr., three children were bom, Howard, 
 Mildred and Lucille. The death of Mrs. Ross occurred on the I7th of May, 
 1901. ' 1 
 
 Politically Mr. Ross is affiliated with the rejjublican part)', by whom he was 
 elected to the office of roadmaster of the township. In religious faith he is 
 affiliated with the Christian church of La Fayette. For more than fifty years 
 ]\Ir. Ross has been a resident of Knox county and during this period he has 
 made his influence felt in the circles with which he has been connected and has 
 performed a citizen's duty in the development of the township. He is a man of 
 noble (jualities of character, of strong and resolute purpose, industrious and 
 enterprising, and, well known throughout the community for his uprightness 
 and honesty, he merits and enjoys the respect and confidence of his neighbors 
 and many friends. . 
 
 ^;v , CHARLES D. XORTH. ': -^ 
 
 Prominent in financial as well as agricultural circles in Knox county, Charles 
 D. North, president of the Rank, of Yates City and owner of one of the finest 
 farms in Elba townshi]), resides four miles north of Yates City. Born in Pendle- 
 ton county, Virginia, October 8, 1844, he was a son of Thomas J. Xorth, whose 
 birth occurred in i8oi, in Loudoun county, X'irginia, whither Caleb Xorth, the 
 great-grandfather of our subject, had come from Ireland, leaving there May i, 
 1729, and landing here Jul>' 20. George Xorth, the grandfather, was bom in 
 1751 and was an officer in the Revolutionary war. Thomas J. Xorth was a 
 miller by trade and followed this occupation in X'irginia until 1875, when he 
 removed to Yates City, Illinois, and lived retired, dying here several years later. 
 He married Eliza Hinkle, who was a daughter of Jesse Hinkle, a Methodist Epis- 
 copal preacher. The Hinkle family are of Dutch origin and the first ancestor 
 to come to this country was Anthony Jacob Hinkle, who settled in \'irginia. 
 To Mr. and Mrs. Thomas J. Xorth fourteen children were born, uf whom three 
 are now living, Sarah K., Thomas G. and Charles D. ; ' : | 
 
 Charles D. Xorth obtained his education in \'irginia and on leaving school 
 enlisted in the army with the Sixty-second \'irginia Cavalry, under the com- 
 mand of Fitzhugh Lee, and served during the last three years of the war. He 
 took part in some of the im]X)rtant engagements and was wounded three times. 
 \\'hen the war was over, he settletl in fxnox county in 1866 and engaged in the 
 
( IIARLKS 1). N 
 
HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY 741 
 
 cultivation of the soil, first renting land and, later on, purchasing a tract of his 
 own. He made a number of purchases at various times and now he and his 
 wife own three hundred and twenty acres, upon which their home is situated, and 
 another tract of three hundred and twenty acres six miles north of Yates City, 
 besides thirty acres located six miles north of Yates City and thirty-six acres 
 three miles from the home place. Mr. North is the president of the Bank of 
 Yates City, of which L. A. Lawrence is the vice president and Jack Mason the 
 cashier, and he is likewise the owner of a one-fourth interest in the National 
 Coal Company of Middle Grove, which is capitalized for fifty thousand dollars. 
 Charles D. North came to Yates City on the 2Oth of March, 1866, and there 
 was married, on the 22d of December, 1875, to Mary Sophia Nicholson, the 
 only child of James H. and Catharine (King) Nicholson. They have resided 
 on their present farm near Yates City since 1877. In their family were the 
 following children: Adah Katharine, bom September 15, 1877; Ralph Nicholson, 
 born August 20, 1879 ; Earl James Hasbrouck, bom January 25, i88i ; Carl Qin- 
 ton, born May 25, 1882, who was married to Edith Victoria Slayton, January 
 26, 1910; Harold Edward, born July 25, 1884; and Elsie Louise, born June 9, 
 1889. All of the sons are engaged in agricultural pursuits with the exception 
 of Harold, who is bookkeeper in the Bank of Yates City. 
 
 Since exercising the right of franchise Mr. North has been affiliated with the 
 democratic party and has served as road commissioner and for twenty-five years 
 as school director. He is a member of the Universalist church and in the con- 
 duct of his life exemplifies its principles of open-mindedness and truth as well 
 as the lofty ideals of the Masonic order to which he belongs, being a member of 
 the blue lodge and the chapter of Yates City and of the commandery at Gales- 
 burg. Mr. North possesses singular force of will and the power to execute 
 whatever enterprises he chooses to undertake, and it is his determination and 
 his fearlessness in meeting obstacles that have won for him his remarkable suc- 
 cess in life. , :- ^^ n ,-..,.-. . 
 
 -:^.:, '^':\ -':::, -.y''':''^.: '':( HEMAN p. SMITH. 
 
 Heman P. Smith, who is living retired upon his farm in Lynn township, Knox 
 county, has devoted almost his entire life to agricultural pursuits. He was bom 
 in Cortland county. New York, on the I4th of November, 1833. His paternal 
 grandfather, Robert Smith, was a native of England, having come to America 
 in 1775, when George Washington was organizing his army at White Plains. 
 Robert Smith immediately enlisted and served through the entire war, being a 
 subordinate officer under Washington. After the war he was given a patent to 
 land in Cortland, New York. During the political organization of New York 
 state he was the first town clerk elected in Schenectady, and during his services 
 the township offices were at his home and all the meetings were held there. 
 Thereafter he moved onto the land granted him which he farmed for some 
 time. Shortly after his election to the office of clerk his son, the father of the 
 subject of this review, was sent to a neighbor's for a. supply of dishes. Being 
 delayed on his errand, he was severely punished by his father upon his retum. 
 
742 HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY 
 
 The reprimand seemed uncalled for to the boy and he replied to his father, that 
 just because he had been elected town clerk he need not feel so big. This 
 anecdote was subsequently repeated to Washington, who enjoyed it greatly. 
 The grandmother was in her maidenhood Miss Grace Braithwait. Both the 
 grandparents passed away before Heman P. was born. The parents, William 
 and Lorinda (Badger) Smith, were natives of New York state and Ohio, re- 
 spectively. William Smith came to Knox county in 1844 and located upon the 
 property which is now known as the Smith farm. In New York state he en- 
 gaged in milling but took up agricultural pursuits after his removal to Knox 
 county. His death occurred in 1880, when he was ninety-two years of age. 
 Mrs. Smith was a daughter of Edmond and Margaret Badger, who came to 
 reside with their daughter after they left Ohio. Mrs. Smith passed away in 
 1890, when she was one hundred years of age. She had become the mother of 
 eight children, three of whom survive : Heman P., who is the subject of this 
 review ; Austin, who is living in La Fayette ; and Erastus, of Lynn township. 
 The boyhood and youth of Heman P. Smith were spent at home, his time 
 and attention being divided between the duties of the schoolroom, the pleasures 
 of the playground and the work on the home farm. When he was twenty-one 
 years of age he taught school for a short time in Altona and attended Beloit 
 College, of Beloit, Wisconsin, for some time, before locating permanently upon 
 the family homestead. Agricultural pursuits formed his chief occupation during 
 the remainder of his life excepting while he was in service in the Civil war. 
 He enlisted on the Qth of August, 1862, at Altona, with Company G, Eighty- 
 ninth Illinois Volunteer Infantry, under Thomas Whiting. For three years 
 he served in the Army of the Cumberland, which was commanded by General 
 Sherman, and during this time he saw active service, at Nashville, Louisville, 
 Chattanooga and Atlanta. He . was taken ill and was in a hospital for nine 
 months before being mustered out because of disability for further service. He 
 immediately returned home and took up the cultivation of his farm, which he 
 had left in charge of his brother. His hard labor, persistency and untiring 
 energy won him a sufficient competence that now permits him to live retired and 
 enjoy the comforts of life. His farm presents a neat and thrifty appearance 
 and is one of the most highly productive in Lynn township. Because of his 
 long identification with agricultural interests his advice is frequently sought 
 and is always heeded in matters pertaining to farm development. 
 
 V In 1865 Mr. Smith was married to Miss Harriet E. Thompson, whose birth 
 occurred on the 4th of August, 1838. in Goshen, Connecticut, and is a daughter 
 of John F. and Harriet E. (Reed) Thompson. Mrs. Thompson was a daughter 
 of William and Amy (Crandall) Reed, who came to Knox county before the 
 Smith family located here. Throughout his active career Mr. Thompson fol- 
 lowed the blacksmith's trade. To Mr. and Mrs. Smith seven children have 
 been born : Lemont, who is married to Minnie Short, by whom he has four 
 children ; Lethay, who is engaged as a hospital nurse ; Fred, an engineer of Gales- 
 burg, who is married to Emma Blene and has seven children ; Abbie and Addie, 
 twins, the former being engaged in teaching school and the latter at home ; Urban, 
 of Lynn township, who is married to Myrtle Jones, and has two children ; and 
 Bertha, of Kansas City, Missouri. 
 
;;> ;;^';v vj HISTORY OF.KNOX COUNTY ;; ;;1;; 743 
 
 ^ In politics Mr. Smith has always given his support to the democratic party 
 and has served as assessor of the township and for many years as member of 
 the school board. He holds membership in the Grand Army post of Victoria 
 and both he and Mrs. Smith are members of the Baptist church of Galva. Be- 
 cause of his long residence in this county he has been a witness of much of its 
 development, in which he has taken more than a citizen's interest and share, 
 and is a well known figure in social and agricultural circles. ._ ....... .... , 
 
 ABRAM MYERS EIKER. 
 
 ^ ;'' Abram Myers Eiker for many years closely identified with the agricultural c 
 
 . interests of Knox county and now living retired on his farm of one hundred V 
 . and seventy acres in Orange township, was born in Adams county, Pennsylvania, ' n 
 June i8, 1840. His father, Abram Eiker, a native of Pennsylvania, was a farmer , 
 
 - : and blacksmith by occupation and also for many years operated a gristmill. He . 
 '" was married to Josephine Myers, who was born in Maryland, and in i86i re- ; 
 
 ' moved his family consisting of his wife, four sons and one daughter, of whom .'v 
 
 . Abram M. Eiker, his brother Isaac and Elizabeth Anderson survive to Knox ': 
 county, Illinois, settling on a farm that he purchased in Orange township. >' 
 There he lived until the death of his wife when he made his home with his two '.' 
 . ; children, living a peaceful existence which was terminated eight years ago. > 
 
 ;, Passing his boyhood days in Adams county, Pennsylvania, Abram M. Eiker -'' , 
 
 was reared and educated in that locality. On coming to Illinois at the age of 
 
 - twenty-one he entered the employment of his uncle on his farm in Knox county. V,; 
 Before long he was prepared to engage in farming for hinsself and forty-six ; 
 years ago, in 1865, he bought the farm of one hundred and seventy acres on ;. 
 
 ; which he now lives. At that time the country was only wild prairie land and 
 
 tangled underbrush, but this he cleared and developed, improving it until it is v; 
 now one of the flourishing farms in this section. He built the present substantial ' 
 
 . _ house and the bams, and devoted himself to the various departments of general 
 ; farming, making a specialty of raising cattle and horses. Some years ago he ; 
 withdrew from active work on the place and now his son operates it continuing '^:- 
 ; his father's wise administration and thorough-going methods of cultivation. '.'.. 
 ' ' . - In i86i Mr. Eiker was united in marriage, in Adams county, Pennsylvania, 
 ' to Miss Martha Krise, a native of Pennsylvania and a daughter of George ^ 
 
 ; Krise, a farmer in Adams county. Mrs. Eiker passed away in 1905, leaving her \.: 
 \ husband and five children to mourn her loss. Their names are: George L., a ! ' 
 
 farmer in Orange township; Elora B., the wife of Curt Qark of Orange town- .. 
 ship; Bert K., living on a farm in Chestnut township; Ross, who operates his 
 ; father's farm ; and Henrietta, the wife of Oren Smith, living in Kansas. ; L 
 
 On January 15, 1906, Mr. Eiker was again married, the second union being 
 ;, with Miss Letitia Prushafer, bom near Monmouth, Illinois, March 9, 1867. ; 
 ' She was a daughter of Fred and Hannah Prushafer, natives of Germany who !. 
 : became pioneer settlers of Illinois, locating near Monmouth, where they lived 
 for twenty-eight years when they removed to the county line and resided there ".''] 
 until their death. The children of this marriage are: Mary, the wife of Wil- ?. 
 
 
744 HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY 
 
 Ham B. Briggs, living near Victoria; Lucy, the wife of Alfred Myrick, living 
 in Knox county northeast of Knoxville; Grant and Charles, living in Butte, 
 Montana; and John, a farmer in the state of Washington. 
 
 Mr. Eiker votes with the republicans and has been county commissioner for a 
 period of nine years and school director in Orange township for sixteen years. 
 He is a member of the Methodist Episcopal church while Mrs. Eiker belongs to 
 the Christian church. Their home is pleasant and hospitable, being always 
 open to the many friends who often come to seek their generous arid cordial 
 welcome, and who pronounce Mr. and Mrs. Eiker a charming host and hostess. 
 
 .. ' JACOB M. OBERHOLTZER. ^^:;-:-^ S^K 
 
 ; Jacob M. Oberholtzer is a retired farmer, living in Knoxville. He was for 
 many years identified with general agricultural pursuits and is still owner of 
 four hundred and sixty-eight acres in Elba and Truro townships. His birth 
 occurred in the former township, March 14, 1845, his parents being Henry and 
 Martha (Tucker) Oberholtzer, both of whom were natives of Ohio, whence 
 they removed to Knox county between the years of 1838 and 1840. The family, 
 as the name indicates, comes of German ancestry and was founded in America 
 by Samuel Oberholtzer, the grandfather of J. M. Oberholtzer, who, upon cross- 
 ing the Atlantic, settled in Ohio, where he followed the occupation of farming. 
 He was married three times and had a family of twenty-one children. His death 
 occurred near Findlay, Hancock county, Ohio. His son, Henry Oberholtzer, was 
 born in the Buckeye state and came to Knox county with Samuel Tucker, set- 
 tling in Elba township. The Tuckers were also early settlers in this part of 
 the state, and on their removal from Ohio settled near Williamsfield. They were 
 farming people, and Henry Oberholtzer was employed by Mr. Tucker, who after- 
 ward became his father-in-law. He wedded Martha Tucker in the early '40$, 
 and their son, Jacob M. Oberholtzer, was the eldest of four children. Follow- 
 ing his marriage Henry Oberholtzer began farming on his own account in Elba 
 township, where he resided until the spring of 1865, when his life's labors were 
 ended in death. 
 
 J. M. Oberholtzer, spending his youth on the home farm in Elba township, 
 attended the common school throughout the winter months and worked in the 
 fields during the summer seasons. The occupation to which he was reared he 
 determined to make his life work, and continuously carried on farming until 
 1904, when he retired to private life, establishing his home in the village of 
 Knoxville, where he is now resting from further labor. Throughout his well 
 conducted business interests he acquired a substantial competence that now sup- 
 plies him with all the comforts and many of the luxuries of life. He is the 
 owner of four hundred and sixty-eight acres of land in Elba and Truro town- 
 ships, and the rental therefrom is the source of a gratifying income. 
 
 On the 28th of October, 1869, Mr. Oberholtzer was united in marriage to 
 Miss Laura A. Wheeler, a daughter of Moses and Cynthia (Walker) Wheeler.- 
 The Wheeler family is of Swiss origin, and the great grandfather of Mrs. Ober- 
 holtzer. a native of Switzerland, was the first of the name to come to America. 
 
N3 
 
 H 
 
 S) 
 
 o 
 
 s 
 
 i-s 
 02 
 
744 ;: HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY 
 
 Ham B. Briggs, living near \'ictoria ; Lucy, the wife of Alfred Myrick, living 
 in Knox county northeast of Knoxville : Grant and Charles, living in Butte, 
 Montana ; and John, a farmer in the state of Washington. 
 
 Mr. Eiker votes with the republicans and has been county commissioner for a 
 period of nine years and school director in Orange township for sixteen years. 
 He is a member of the Methodist Episcopal church while Mrs. Eiker belongs to 
 the Christian church. Their home is pleasant and hospitable, being always 
 open to the many friends who often come to seek their generous and cordial 
 welcome, and who pronounce Mr. and Mrs. Eiker a charming host and hostess. 
 
 . v,^ . JACOI5 M. OBERHOLTZER. 
 
 Jacob M. Obcrholtzer is a retired farmer, living in Knoxville. He was for 
 many years identified with general agricultural pursuits and is still owner of 
 four hundred and sixty-eight acres in Elba and Truro townships. His birth 
 occurred in the former township. March 14. 1845. his parents being Henry and 
 Martha (Tucker) Oberholtztr. both of whom were natives of Ohio, whence 
 they removed to Knox county between the years of 1838 and 1840. The family, 
 as the name indicates, comes of German ancestry and was founded in America 
 by Samuel Oberholtzer. the grandfather of J. M. Oberholtzer. who, upon cross- 
 ing the Atlantic, settled in Ohio, where he followed the occupation of farming. 
 He was married three times and had a family of twenty-one children. His death 
 occurred near Findlay. Hancock county, Ohio. His son. Henry Oberholtzer, was 
 born in the Buckeye state and came to Knox county witli Samuel Tucker, set- 
 tling in Elba township. The Tuckers were also early settlers in this part of 
 the state, and on their removal from Ohio settled near Williamsfield. They were 
 farming people, and Henry Oberholtzer was employed I)y Mr. Tucker, who after- 
 ward became his father-in-law. He wedded Martha Tucker in the early '40$, 
 and their son, Jacob M. Oberlioltzer. was the eldest of four children. Follow- 
 ing his marriage Henry Oberholtzer began farming on his own account in Elba 
 township, where he resided until the spring of 1865. when his life's labors were 
 ended in death. 
 
 J. M. Oberholtzer. spending his youth on the home farm in Elba township, 
 attended the common sch(jol throughout the winter months and worked in the 
 fields during the summer seasons. The occupation to which he was reared he 
 determined to make his life work, and continuously carried on farming until 
 1904, when he retired to private life, establishing his home in the village of 
 Knoxville. where he is now resting from further labor. Throughout his well 
 conducted business interests he ac(|uired a substantial competence that now sup- 
 plies him with all the comforts and many of the luxuries of life. He is the 
 owner of four hundred and sixty-eight acres of land in Elba and Truro town- 
 ships, and the rental therefrom is the source of a gratifying income. 
 
 On the 28th of October. 1869. Mr. Oberholtzer was united in marriage to 
 Miss I^ura .\. Wheeler, a daughter of Moses and Cynthia (Walker) Wheeler. 
 The Wheeler family is of Swiss origin, and the great grandfather of Mrs. Ober- 
 holtzer. a native of Switzerland, was the first of the name to come to America. 
 
X, 
 
':-:::\':'-^:-:y-{::':::-:--^^-: HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY .7;r.: 747 
 
 Moses Wheeler, was born in Bradford county, Pennsylvania, September 27, 
 i8io, and was a resident of that district until 1820, when he removed to Tioga ^ 
 county, Pennsylvania. There he made his home until 1845 when he removed to ; 
 Bradford county, where he lived for eleven years. In 1856 he became a resident 
 of Peoria, Illinois, and in 1857 removed to Knox county, where he took up the 
 occupation of farming, owning and cultivating a tract of land of two hundred ' 
 and sixty-seven acres in Elba township. He was a man of considerable local . '' 
 prominence and held a number of offices in the county. He was a member of 
 the Baptist church and he gave his political support to the republican party. - 
 While living in Tioga county, Pennsylvania, he was married May i, 1834, to _' 
 Cynthia O. Walker, whose parents had removed from New Hampshire to Tioga v 
 county, following the birth of their daughter, who first opened her eyes to the ' ; 
 light of day in the Old Granite state May 22, 1812, her life record covering the : 
 intervening years to the 4th of May, 1880, when she passed away in this county. ' .- 
 
 Mrs. Oberholtzer was the youngest of the children born unto Mr. and Mrs. ' 
 Wheeler, and by her marriage she has become the mother of six children. Elza, 
 the eldest, is now living near Beardsley, Minnesota. Lloyd H., also residing near v : 
 Beardsley, where he is engaged in farming, is married and has five children : 
 Wilma; Vera; Lynn; Harley ; and Lela. Oliver T., who carries on general agri- ; 
 cultural pursuits nejir Beardsley, is married and has two children, Ora and Alto. ^ 
 Bertha Blanche is the wife of Frank C. Sherman of Beardsley, Minnesota, and 
 unto them were born six children, Hubert, Laverne, Robert (deceased), Lyle, ' : 
 Chester and Carter. Forrest Earl, bom in August, i88i, died in October, 1883. 
 Hubert W. is living in Knoxville, but is employed as a bookkeeper by the Brere- ^ : 
 ton Coal Company of Galesburg. He is married and has a daughter, Evelyn. 
 
 Mr. Oberholtzer has always exercised his right of franchise in support of 
 the men and measures of the democratic party, and has held the office of super- 
 visor in both Elba and Knox townships. His religious faith is that of the Meth- > 
 odist Episcopal church to the teachings of which he has always been loyal. He :' 
 is interested in the welfare of his community and has cooperated in many meas- -'! 
 ures for the public good, but his time is given mostly to his business efforts which, 
 capably conducted, have brought to him substantial success Year after year he : 
 carefully tilled the fields and cultivated his crops in such a manner that sub- 
 stantial harvests were gathered and his annual income was augmented. His life 
 indicated what may be accomplished when energy and determination lead the 
 way. .^:./ ; .,,::: _---^:'\.:::^::-::-r\ ''. A/o; V ';--'''-^^;'; 
 
 V :, r : ; ,-':;:;: GEORGE K. SLOUGH. ' ; C ;/ '-' V-/-/v.- , 
 
 George K. Slough, one of Abingdon's foremost citizens, is the cashier and 
 secretary of the First State & Savings Bank of that town. His birth occurred 
 near Peoria, Illinois, on the 3Oth of October, i86i, his parents being George W. 
 and Anna M. (Kellar) Slough, who were also bom near that city and came of 
 Pennsylvania Dutch stock. The paternal grandparents were Jacob W. and 
 Anna Slough, natives of Hesse-Darmstadt, Germany, who crossed the Atlantic 
 to the United States some time in the '2os, locating in Harrisburg, Pennsylvania. 
 
748 HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY y' w---C f ' ' 
 
 In 1834 they came west to Illinois, locating in Peoria, which was then a town of 
 only sixteen cabins. They conducted the first tavern at that place and both he 
 and his wife remained residents of Peoria until called to their final rest. Fol- 
 lowing his marriage George W. Slough, the father of our subject, located on a 
 farm near Peoria, where his demise occurred about 1883. His widow subse- 
 quently took up her abode in Peoria, where she died about 1905, passing away 
 in the faith of the Congregational church. George K. Slough now owns the old 
 homestead which has been in possession of the family for about seventy years. 
 
 George K. Slough was reared under the paternal roof and obtained his early 
 education in the public schools, later pursuing a business course in the Northern 
 Indiana Normal School at Valparaiso. After putting aside his text-books he 
 was employed for a short time as clerk and bookkeeper in Peoria. Subsequently 
 he went to Burrton, Kansas, where he remained for six years, spending three 
 years with a grain firm and three years as assistant cashier in the Bank of Burr- 
 ton. In 1890 he returned to Peoria and entered the service of the Wilson Grocery 
 Company, a wholesale grocery concern, having charge of their books for twelve 
 years. In 1902 he came to Abingdon to accept the proffered position of cashier 
 in the First State & Savings Bank, in which capacity he has since served in a 
 most satisfactory and commendable manner. In 1908 he was one of the 
 orgfanizers of the Abingdon Sanitary Manufacturing Company, manufacturers 
 of vitreous china plumbers' supplies, and was chosen treasurer of the concern, 
 in which connection he has since contributed to its growth and success. 
 
 On the 2d of September, 1884, Mr. Slough was united in marriage to Miss 
 Jessie Gordon, of Peoria county, by whom he has seven children, as follows: 
 Charles G., who is engaged in the automobile business at Abingdon ; Georgia K., 
 a teacher by profession ; Howard Austin, who is a senior in Knox College ; and 
 Ethel, Andrew, Theodore and Marjorie, all at home. 
 
 In politics Mr. Slough is a stanch republican but his aspirations are not in the 
 line of public office. He is a worthy exemplar of the Masonic fraternity, be- 
 longing to Abingdon Lodge, No. 185, A. F. & A. M., of which he is at present 
 worshipful master. He is likewise identified with the Ancient Order of United 
 Workmen and the Mystic Workers, while his wife is a devoted and consistent 
 member of the Methodist Fpiscopal church. Upright character and sterling 
 worth have gained him a favorable place in the regard of many friends, and 
 Knox county numbers him among her valued citizens. 
 
 .;;:{,; RICHARD F. GIBBS. -:';'' 
 
 Agricultural interests in Lynn township, Knox county, are ably represented 
 by Richard F. Gibbs, whose birth occurred on the Gibbs homestead August 14, 
 1850. His paternal great-grandfather was born in Fngland and came to America 
 about the time of the Revolutionary war. The grandparents, Martin and Hannah 
 (Beck) Gibbs, were early residents of this county, where the former, whose 
 death occurred in 1870 when he was eighty years of age, erected a sawmill on 
 the only timber land in the northern part of Knox county. The parents of our 
 subject were Jonathan and Tamer (Norcross) Gibbs, both of whom were born 
 
V;;:ri :: /^; HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY ::V:v 749 
 
 in New Jersey, where their marriage also occurred. In his native state the 
 father had learned the glass-blowers' trade in Waterford, but after his removal 
 to Lynn township, Knox county, he engaged in agricultural pursuits and made 
 that his life's work. Mrs. Gibbs was a daughter of Joseph Norcross. To Mr. 
 and Mrs. Gibbs six children were born, four of whom survive, namely: Wil- 
 liam H., a resident of Galva, Illinois ; Phoebe, who is married to D. Bradley, of 
 La Fayette, Illinois; Qayton A., who is living in Galva; and Richard F., the 
 subject of this review. 
 
 Acquiring his education in a near-by district school and attending to many 
 of the lighter duties on the farm occupied the youth and boyhood of Richard 
 Gibbs. He remained with his father until the latter's death, and since that time 
 has been the owner and manager of the home farm. His life has been marked 
 by constant labor and conscientious attention to duty and the results of these 
 are clearly shown in the improved condition of his property and the abundance 
 of his harvest. In addition to general farming he is also engaged in stock-raising. 
 
 On the 3Oth of November, 1875, Mr. Gibbs was married to Miss Mary J. 
 Reed, whose birth occurred on the 24th of September, 1852, near Newcastle, 
 Fngland, and who came to Galva, Illinois,, with her parents, George and Jane 
 (Cockburn) Reed, when she was but five years of age. Mr. Reed, who has 
 now passed the ninety-first milestone on life's journey, his birth having occurred 
 in Augpjst, 1820, is one of the most venerable citizens of the county. His wife, 
 who was a daughter of George and Ann (Foster) Cockbum, passed away in 
 1857. George Reed is a son of Gabriel and Dorothy (Scipry) Reed, agricul- 
 turists, who died in 1857 ^"d 1859, aged seventy-four and seventy-six, respec- 
 tively. The mother's three brothers were soldiers in the English army and 
 fought in the battle of Waterloo. When but fourteen years of age George Reed 
 began earning his own livelihood. He learned the mining trade in Pennsyl- 
 vania and began work at sixteen cents a day, furnishing his own clothes and 
 working twelve hours. After he had saved thirty-five dollars he was married 
 and took up his home with his wife's parents, but realizing, that if he were to 
 win the success he desired, he must engage in a more lucrative work he came 
 west, making the trip on a fishing vessel. The journey took seven weeks. He 
 settled in Galva and again followed mining until 1863, his wife and three chil- 
 dren following two years later. Subsequently he became overseer in a coal 
 mine at Galva. After giving up mining he followed agricultural pursuits on a 
 farm located at Centerville near Victoria. 
 
 To Mr. and Mrs. George Reed six children were bom: Anna, of Copley 
 township ; Mary Jane, who is married to Richard F. Gibbs of this review ; John 
 Reed, who is living in Galesburg; George W., of Victoria; Joseph G., an agri- 
 culturist of this county ; and Emma, also of Victoria. Mr. Reed is at present a 
 member of the Christian church although he formerly held membership in the 
 Methodist church. To Mr. and Mrs. Richard F. Gibbs four children have been 
 born: Grace, who died when but eight years of age; Aris, who is married to 
 Joseph Leslie Haxton, of Lynn township ; Laura E., who is the wife of Charles 
 H. Baker, of La Fayette, and who has three children, J. Herbert, Harold F. 
 and Dorothy; and Harry A., who is married to Myrtle Haxton and is residing 
 at home. 
 
750 
 
 HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY 
 
 . In politics Mr. Gibbs gives his allegiance to the republican party but he has 
 never sought nor desired office. In religious faith he holds membership in the 
 Christian church of La Fayette. The greater part of his time and attention has 
 been given to his various undertakings, and he has had little chance to affiliate 
 with lodge or fraternal circles. By thus devoting himself constantly to his farm, 
 he has proven his worth as a substantial, progressive agriculturist. 
 
 GEORGE A. SHIPPLETT. 
 
 George A. Shipplett, one of the leading and most progressive citizens of 
 Abingdon, is a prominent factor in financial circles as the cashier of the First 
 National Bank of Abingdon and as a member of the board of directors and 
 cashier of the Bank of St. Augustine and an organizer and director of the 
 Farmers State Bank of Ellisville. Of the last two named institutions he wa:> 
 one of the promoters, being one of four men who established the Bank of St. 
 Augustine. His birth occurred in Mount Crawford, Virginia, on the 2d of 
 October, 1871, his parents being John M. and Sarah E. (May) Shipplett, also 
 natives of Mount Crawford, where they were reared and married. The mother 
 there passed away on the 3d of August, 1911, when sixty-eight years of age. 
 The father, who survives, yet makes his home at Mount Crawford, where he 
 is now living retired. Throughout his active business career he was success- 
 fully engaged in general agricultural pursuits, the old homestead being near the 
 town of Mount Crawford. For many years past he has done all in his power 
 to advance the cause of prohibition, being a leading worker in the local ranks of 
 the party. He has lived a clean, upright and honorable life and has always 
 been among the first to support any movement or measure instituted to promote 
 the general welfare. Both Mr. and Mrs. Shipplett took an active part in the 
 work of the Methodist Episcopal church and gave liberally of their time and 
 means in the interests of religion and charity. In December, 1911, John M. 
 Shipplett celebrated his seventieth birthday. 
 
 George A. Shipplett was reared under the parental roof and supplemented 
 his preliminary education by a course of study in the Mount Crawford high 
 school and the Mossy Creek Academy. After putting aside his text-books he 
 was associated with his father in the operation of the Buena Vista Mills in 
 Rockingham county for two years. In 1891 he made his way to Illinois, locating 
 in St. Augustine, where he secured employment in the mercantile establishment 
 of Mills & Shipplett. At the end of a year, however, he came to Abingdon to 
 accept the proffered position of bookkeeper in the First National Bank. After 
 about two years, having demonstrated his faithfulness and ability in the dis- 
 charge of the duties entrusted to him, he was made assistant cashier of the 
 institution and sometime later was promoted to the position of cashier, in which 
 capacity he has since ably served. He is a member of the board of directors 
 of the First National Bank and is likewise a director and cashier of the Bank 
 of St. Augustine. He assisted in the organization of the Farmers State Bank 
 of Ellisville and has since been a director of that institution. Mr. Shipplett has 
 been identified with the promotion and organization of practically all of Abing- 
 
r. .-':':': HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY >^ 751 
 
 - __ ' - _ \ V -.'V , :.''',-. . - 
 
 don's industries. He is vice president of the Abingdon Sanitary Manufacturing 
 Company, director and treasurer of the Abingdon Shirt & Overall Company and 
 director and treasurer of the Abingdon Trap Company. In these various con- 
 nections he has displayed excellent business ability and keen discrimination, carry- 
 ing forward to successful completion whatever he undertakes. 
 
 Mr. Shipplett gives his political allegiance to the democracy and his fellow 
 townsmen, recognizing his worth and ability, have called him to several posi- 
 tions of public trust. He has served as a member of the town council, as town- 
 ship treasurer and also as mayor of Abingdon and at present is treasurer of 
 both the town and township school board. He was one of the chief factors in 
 . establishing the public library in Abingdon, which was maintained by private 
 subscription during the first two years of its existence but has since been main- 
 tained by taxation. At the time of its organization he was made treasurer and 
 director, in which capacity he has served continuously since or for a period of 
 fifteen years. Fraternally he is identified with the following organizations: 
 Abingdon Lodge, No. 185, A. F. & A. M. ; Achilles Lodge, No. 373, K. P. ; the 
 Supreme Court of Honor ; Mystic Workers of the World ; the Order of the 
 Eastern Star ; and Galesburg Lodge, No. 894, B. P. O. E. His religious faith 
 is indicated by his membership in the Christian church. His unbending integrity 
 of character, his fearlessness in the discharge of duty, in every relation in which 
 he has been found, and his appreciation of the responsibilities that have rested 
 upon him, have made him a citizen whose worth is widely acknowledged. 
 
 '.;';-:;. '; /:\ V- '.': MANDIVILL JOHN. v.v . ; :::;:;C-sv;:':-u 
 
 Mandivill John, now living retired in Hermon, was for many years actively 
 ' : engaged in general farming in Knox county. He was bom in Clinton county, 
 .; Ohio, his natal day being the ad of January, 1854, and his parents Elisha and 
 Rachel (Lewis) John. The family removed to Illinois in 1856, locating in Knox 
 county, where Elisha John later bought some land that he cultivated and im- 
 proved until his death. When the Civil war broke out he enlisted in Company 
 D, Seventh Illinois Volunteer Cavalry and went to the front, where he remained 
 three years. He was wounded during the period of his service, having partici- 
 pated in twenty-seven engagements among them being some of the notable battles 
 of the war. He always kept in touch with his comrades of the field, through the 
 medium of his membership in Abingdon Post of the Grand Army of the Re- 
 public, to the interests of which he was ever loyal. Mr. John passed away in 
 1900, but the mother still survives at the advanced age of eighty years, and now 
 
 - makes her home in Hermon. Three sons were born of the marriage of Mr. and 
 
 Mrs. John, all of whom are living, those beside our subject being, Edwin and 
 
 Samuel, both of whom are farmers in Indian Point township, this county. 
 
 ; When brought to Knox county by his parents, our subject was only a child 
 
 of two years, so that practically his entire life has been spent in the vicinity 
 
 ' where he is now residing. Reared in a home where much stress was laid upon 
 
 the necessity of thrift and industry in recognition of the responsibilities of life, 
 when ytill little more than a child he was assigned regular duties about the farm. 
 
752 V ; HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY 
 
 These increased with the passing years and when not engaged with his studies 
 in the district school the greater part of his time was given to assisting his father 
 in tilling the fields and caring for the stock. After leaving school he worked 
 with his father until old enough to begin for himself. He then left the parental 
 roof and began his independent career as an agriculturist, continuing to follow 
 this vocation until 1908. when he retired and removed to Hermon. Mr. John 
 was successful in his undertakings, and now owns eighty acres of land, which 
 furnish him a competence that enables him to live in retirement, enjoying in the 
 evening of life the ease and comfort that is the just reward of a well ordered 
 and usefully spent period of activity. 
 
 Mr. John has been married twice. His first union was with Miss Mary 
 Berry, their marriage occurring on the 24th of December, 1878. She was a 
 daughter of Joseph and Martha Ann Berry and a native of Virginia, her birth 
 there occurring on the 2d of October, 1858. In 1862 she accompanied her 
 parents on their removal to Knox county, where the father engaged in farming. 
 Later he went to Hermon and engaged in the manufacture of wagons, continuing 
 to make his home there until his death. Mrs. John passed away in 1901, leaving 
 one son, Everett Le Roy, the only child born of this union. On the Qth of 
 February, 1908, Mr. John married Miss Hila Martin, who was born in Missouri 
 on the nth of August, i88i. Her mother is now deceased, but her father, 
 William Martin, is still living in Missouri, where he located during the pioneer 
 days, and engages in farming. 
 
 Both Mr. and Mrs. John are members of the Christian church and he votes 
 the republican ticket, but has never taken an active part in local politics, as his 
 own interests demanded all of his time and energies for their development. ' - 
 
 ; . ;^ : ; -V;. DEWITT SMITH. :-';:;;;;:; 
 
 , .. Dewitt Smith, is one of the oldest residents of Maquon township, having 
 ; ; spent seventy-five years in the immediate vicinity of his present homestead, 
 
 '^ which is located five miles from the town of Maquon. He was born in Pennsyl- 
 vania, in 1833, and is a son of E. R. and Angeline (Catlin) Smith. The father, 
 
 - : . who was a native of Vermont, removed with his wife and family to Illinois in 
 , 1836, locating in Knox county. He purchased one hundred and thirty acres of 
 
 land in Maquon township and began the life of a pioneer farmer. The countrv 
 
 was largely in a wild state at that period, the government still owning vast 
 
 : . . stretches of uncultivated prairie and acres of native timber, while the streams 
 
 ' '; .. and forests abounded in fish and g^me. The life of the settlers was very primi- 
 ' . tive, rude log cabins serving for homes, as well as schoolhouses and churches, 
 
 . . ; while little time was left from the work of the fields and the care of the homes 
 ; .:/v for social life. Mr. and Mrs. Smith were the parents of eleven children, five 
 of whom are still living. The father lived to a ripe old age, being ninety-three 
 ; . years at the time of his demise. 
 
 ; ' . As he was only a little lad of three years when he accompanied his parents 
 
 ;.- - ^^^ on their removal from Pennsylvania, Dewitt Smith spent the greater part of 
 '. :.' ''.,-' his boyhood and youth amid the environment of frontier life. When old enough 
 
...I. 
 
 MR. AXD MRS. DEWITT SMITH 
 
752: HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY 
 
 These increased \vitli the jiassing years and when not engaged with his studies 
 in the (hstrict school tlie greater part of his time was given to assisting his father 
 in tilling the fields and caring for the stock. After leaving school he worked 
 with his father until old enough to begin for himself. He then left the parental 
 roof and hegan his independent career as an agriculturist, continuing to follow 
 this vocation until i</)S. when he retired and removed to llermon. Mr. John 
 was successful in his undertakings, and now owns eighty acres of land, which 
 furnish him a competence that enahles him to live in retirement, enjoying in the 
 evening of life the ease and comfort that is the just reward of a well ordered 
 and usefully si)ent period of activity. 
 
 Mr. John has been married twice. His first union was with Miss Mary 
 I'.erry. their marriage occurring on the 24th of December. 1878. She was a 
 daughter of Joseph and Martha Ann Berry and a native of X'irginia, her birth 
 there occurring on the 2d of October. 1858. In 1862 she accompanied her 
 ])arents on their removal to Knox county, where the father engaged in farming. 
 Later he went to llermon and engaged in the manufacture of wagons, continuing 
 to make his home there until his death. Mrs. John passed away in 1901, leaving 
 one son, Everett Le Roy, the only child bom of this union. On the Qth of 
 February. 1908. Mr. John married Miss Ilila Martin, who was born in Missouri 
 on the nth of August, i88i. Her mother is now deceased, but her father. 
 \\'illiam Martin, is still living in Missouri, where he located during the pioneer 
 days, and engages in farming. 
 
 Both Mr. and Mrs. John are members of tbe Giristian church and he votes 
 the republican ticket, but has never taken an active part in local politics, as his 
 own interests demanded all of his time and energies for their development. 
 
 DEWITT SMITH. ; 
 
 Dewitt Smith, is one of the oldest residents of Maquon township, having 
 spent seventy-five years in the immediate vicinity of his present homestead, 
 which is located five miles from the town of .Ma(|uon. He was l)orn in Pennsyl- 
 vania, in 1833. and is a son of F. R. and Angeline (Catlin) Smith. The father, 
 who w'as a native of X'ermont. removed with his wife and family to Illinois in 
 1836. locating in Knox county. He purchased one hundred and thirty acres of 
 land in Macjuon townshiji and began the life of a pioneer farmer. The countrv 
 was largely in a wild state at that period, the government still owning vast 
 stretches of uncultivated ])rairie and acres of native timber, while the streams 
 and forests abounded in fisli and game. The life of the settlers was very primi- 
 tive, rude log cabins serving for hfnnes. as well as schoolhouses and churches, 
 while little time was left from the work of the fields and the care of the homes 
 for social life. Mr. and Mrs. Smith were the parents of eleven children, five 
 of whom are still living. The father lived to a ripe old age. being ninety-three 
 years at the time of his demise. 
 
 As he was only a little l.'id of three years when he accompanied iiis parents 
 on their removal from Pennsylvania. Dewitt Smith spent the greater part of 
 his boyhood and youth amid tbe environment of frontier life. When old enough 
 
. Ml;. AM) Mi!s. i)i-:\\ rn SMI 1 1 
 
;' ^ I ' - ' V HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY 755 
 
 ;.,;; to begin his education he entered the district schools of the vicinity, where he 
 
 ^v;, , -v mastered the common branches. After laying aside his school books, he gave 
 
 ; ; . his attention to agricultural pursuits, under the direction of his father, until 
 
 !;-;;; ; he was familiar with the practical methods of tilling the fields and caring for 
 
 f ' the stock. In 1859, he yielded to the longing of every ambitious young Ameri- 
 
 ^' - can and went west, spending three years amid the gold fields of California. 
 
 -' V ., Upon his return home he again turned his attention to farming and in 1877 
 
 ' , ^ bought his present place. Here for many years he engaged in general farming 
 
 ^:/f.'':' and stock-raising, both proving to be very lucrative, but the active operation 
 of the fields is now left to his son, although Mr. Smith still gives the work his 
 
 . supervision. The buildings now standing upon the place were, with few ex- 
 
 -. ;. ceptions, erected before Mr. Smith purchased it. They were substantially con- 
 
 J structed and have always been kept in a good state of repair. In addition to 
 
 i, his fine homestead he owns thirty-one and a half acres of land southeast of 
 
 '..:, Maquon, that contains a vein of coal. 
 
 ' . Mr. Smith was united in marriage to Miss Phoebe Day, of Clermont county, 
 
 c: Ohio, and unto them have been born three children: Robert D., who has passed 
 
 :. away; one who died in infancy; and one son, Victor, who is unmarried. He 
 
 ; ; . '. attended the public schools and after the completion of his education undertook 
 
 the operation of the homestead, to which activity he still devotes his energies. 
 
 '; In 1907 Mr. Smith mourned the loss of his faithful helpmate and wife, having 
 
 traveled life's path together for many years in joys and sorrows. 
 
 .;. . The political views of Mr. Smith coincide with the principles of the republi- 
 
 / -. can party, to whose candidates he g^ves his support. He served for six years 
 
 :;'.'' as township commissioner and he also acted as school director. During the 
 
 ;,' - seventy-five years he has been a resident of Maquon township, Mr. Smith has 
 
 : witnessed many changes, the progress and development of the county having 
 
 .' . kept pace with the onward spread of a newer and higher form of civilization. 
 
 /'--' LEWIS EDWARD GIBBS. . v / ' -v V , ,: . 
 
 . , , '.' . .- -. ^ ^ ^^ . * . '; 
 
 : . . -;;.-''/ ''\-.':^ ;.'., ,:',.;':'''. \,..-/:. "^\;: >."-', 
 
 Lewis Edward Gibbs, who is engaged in farming and stock-raising in Lynn 
 township, Knox county, was born upon the farm upon which he is now residing 
 on the 29th of June, 1863, his parents being Joseph and Elizabeth Ann (Goet- 
 zinger) Gibbs, the former of whom was a native of New Jersey. The father 
 came to Knox county with his parents in 1837 and they located at once on the 
 property, where the Gibbs family still reside. They made the trip from New 
 Jersey by team, there being eight in their family. Mr. and Mrs. Martin Gibbs, 
 the grandparents of our subject, were among the oldest settlers and were one 
 of the Quaker families who settled in this county. They remained actively 
 engaged in agricultural pursuits until Joseph Gibbs purchased the farm. He 
 arrived in this county when he was twenty-one years of age but returned to 
 Peoria shortly after, going down the Illinois river and up the Ohio river to the 
 old home, where he was married and was engaged as a glass blower. He lived 
 in Philadelphia for ten years and during that time operated a woodyard. In 
 1858 he came to the present homestead and resided there until two years be- 
 
 Tol. n S4 
 
766 HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY > -V-: 
 
 fore his death, when he removed to Galva, where he died when well advanced 
 in years. His wife passed away on the ist of March, 1911, when she was eighty- 
 nine years of age. She was a daughter of Christopher and Jeannette (Altman) 
 Goetzinger. To Mr. and Mrs. Gibbs ten children were bom, of whom five are 
 now living: Lewis E., who is the subject of this review; William H., who is 
 in the insurance business at Galva ; Joseph E., who is residing in Victoria town- 
 ship ; Hannah V., a widow living in La Fayette ; and Elizabeth A., who is mar- 
 ried to Charles Howell, also of La Fayette. Mr. Gibbs was one of the leading 
 republicans in his district and held many offices, among them being that of 
 supervisor when the county seat was changed from Knoxville to Galesburg. 
 He held membership in the Masonic lodge at Philadelphia. 
 
 Lewis E. Gibbs acquired his education in the district schools and assisted 
 his father on the home farm until he was twenty-one years of age, after which 
 he farmed on shares until he was twenty-five years of age, when he removed to 
 Galva and engaged in the hardware business, which he conducted for three 
 years before returning to Lynn township and operating a farm for five years, 
 which his father gave to him. He then rented a farm from his mother for five 
 years and it is still his home. He has engaged in stock-raising in addition to 
 carrying on general farming. Almost his entire active career has been spent in 
 agricultural pursuits and because of the thorough training which his father 
 gave him, he has become one of the most successful agriculturists in Lynn town- 
 ship. The Gibbs family have contributed much to the development of the land 
 of this region and have been among the most successful farmers who have ever 
 resided here. . - I 
 
 Mr. Gibbs was married on the lath of December, 1888, to Miss Eva May 
 Dudley, whose birth occurred on the ist of January, 1867, and who is a daughter 
 of Charles and Elizabeth C. (Bevier) Dudley, who are living in La Fayette at 
 the ages of seventy-seven and sixty-six years respectively. They are both natives 
 of Knox county and have spent their entire lives in this region. Mr. Dudley 
 was born in Massachusetts on the ist of October, 1834, and is a son of Stephen 
 and Salome (Collins) Dudley. The father was born in Wallingford, Connecti- 
 cut, in 1809, and passed away at the age of seventy-two years. Throughout 
 his life he was an active farmer and blacksmith and removed to Knox county 
 in 1854, when he settled in Lynn township upon the farm upon which he re- 
 sided until he removed to Galva, where his death occurred. Charles Dudley, 
 retiring from the farm, removed to Altona, where he remained five years, and 
 then went to La Fayette. He was a soldier in the Civil war, having enlisted in 
 i86i for three years' seryice with Company D. Thirty-seventh Illinois Volunteer 
 Infantry. After he had completed his term of enlistment he joined Company G, 
 One Hundred and Forty-eighth Illinois Volunteer Infantry, at La Fayette, under 
 General White of Chicago. He served in the Western army and at one time 
 was under Grant. He was mustered out at Springfield and immediately returned 
 to his agricultural pursuits. Mrs. Dudley, whose birth occurred on the i6th of 
 December, 1842, in Ulster county. New York, is a daughter of Abram and Ade- 
 line (Meisner) Bevier, whose deaths occurred on December 8, 1910, and in 1876, 
 at the age of ninety and fifty-four, respectively. The grandparents, Moses and 
 Elizabeth Bevier, were also agriculturists and Adeline Meisner, who became the 
 wife of Abram Bevier, was a daughter of Mr. and Mrs. J. Meisner. Of the 
 
'>? ; ;- O -V' HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY ; ; >: J 767 
 
 ..-,._''' I ''''' " ' ' . ' 
 
 ' ; children bom to Mr. and Mrs. Dudley four survive: Martha, who is the wife 
 
 ,. V of J. A. Johnson, of La Fayette ; Mrs. L. E. Gibbs ; Minnie, at home ; and Flossie, 
 
 ' who became the wife of L. Hulick, of Neponset, Illinois. To Mr. and Mrs. Gibbs 
 
 . '. four children have been born, all of whom are residing at home. Elizabeth May, 
 
 Lewis Edward, Jr., Charles D. and Hazel Bernice, aged twenty-two, twenty- 
 
 ' : one, eighteen and sixteen years, respectively. 
 
 Mr. Gibbs gives his political support to the republican party and has served 
 
 ; as commissioner for his district. He has also held the office of assessor and is 
 
 now serving his second term as justice of the peace. He has acted as clerk of 
 
 the school board for several years and in 1909 was elected supervisor of Lynn 
 
 . ' township. He is one of the most active representatives in his district and has 
 
 : ; served as delegate to various conventions as a republican representative. Both 
 
 he and his wife hold membership in the Christian church of La Fayette, Illinois, 
 
 ' V y, and he is a member of the Independent Order of Odd Fellows, of La Fayette, 
 
 of the Mystic Workers of Galva and of the Modern Woodmen of America, of 
 
 . La Fayette, of which lodge he has served as clerk. He is popular with a large 
 
 ciicle of friends and the public know him as a successful and enterprising 
 
 .;;' agriculturist. -.-.:. ';X---'' .>-'. ':^ '.'0^-"'-:y;/"'''-- '/-''v:;' - , '../-^'>.-'--';^''''C-'^'V-." 
 
 CARL LUTHER YOUNGDAHL. ; : K'v^ v': ^ 'i/X^ 
 
 Carl Luther Youngdahl, prominently identified, with the agricultural and 
 stock-raising interests of Walnut Grove township, this county, where for a 
 number of years he has kept an extensive farm under a high state of cultivation, 
 was born February i8, 1869, in Wyanet, Illinois, a son of Nels S. and Bertha 
 (Goerenson) Youngdahl. The paternal grandfather, Nels Swanson, was a 
 soldier in Sweden, his native country. The father was a native of Crefanstad, 
 Sweden, having been born September 17, 1832, and came to the United States 
 in 1856, locating in Minnesota until 1863, when he removed to Princeton, Illinois, 
 where he engaged in farming. In i88i he removed to the present Youngdahl 
 homestead and was engaged in its cultivation until his retirement in 1891, when 
 he located in Altona, where his death occurred April 14, 1909, and where his 
 widow is now living at the age of seventy-four years. He was a member of 
 the Lutheran church of Altona and gave his political support to the republican 
 party although he never sought office as a reward for party fealty. They were 
 the parents of six children: Christina, the widow of P. A. Amenoff; George 
 E. and Nels T., both deceased; Sophia, who is the wife of John Johnson, of 
 Altona ; Anthony C. who is a college professor in Michigan ; and Carl Luther, 
 who is the subject of this review. ... . 
 
 In the common schools of Illinois Carl L. Youngdahl acquired his education 
 and remained at home engaging in farm duties until he was twenty-one years 
 of age, when he removed to his present home. He has cultivated and improved 
 this property and today it is provided with all the conveniences necessary to the 
 farming occupation and he has given his time to raising crops together with 
 stock breeding. As a farmer he has been quite successful and, taking pride in 
 the appearance of his property, he has added every improvement that might 
 contribute to its neatness and utility. - ;,'; . ..;/. . :-:':;,. -:^-:-.: 
 
758 HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY ;; v:;: 
 
 Mr. Youngdahl has been twice married, his first union being to Miss Cora ;; 
 Anderson, a daughter of C. J. and Mary (Riegel) Anderson. To this union 
 one child was born, Ruth, who is fifteen years of age. The mother died in 
 1901, at the age of twenty-seven years. Mr. Youngdahl was again married in 
 1906, his second union being with Miss Margaret Johnson, who was born in 
 1868 and is a daughter of Mons and Amelia (Ewalt) Johnson, the latter resid- 
 ing in Princeton, Illinois. Mr. and Mrs. Johnson were the parents of seven 
 children: Mrs. Margaret Youngdahl; Ellen, who is the wife of William Linn, 
 of Princeton; and Rachel, Matilda, Minnie, Hugh and Hattie, all residing at 
 home. 
 
 Politically Mr. Youngdahl gives his support to the republican party. He is 
 serving as highway commissioner of the township for a second term. He be- ; . 
 longs to the Lutheran church of Altona and is a man whose high moral charac- 
 ter, industry and straightforwardness, together with his interest in the general 
 welfare of the community, have given him high standing in the township. '^ ' . 
 
 :': -<::/ WILLIAM NICHOLAS BUCK. ..;. 
 
 William Nicholas Buck, who is successfully engaged in stock-raising in Haw 
 Creek township, was born in the vicinity of Greenfield, Highland county, Ohio, 
 on May 28, 1854. His father, Thomas Buck, was born in Philadelphia, Penn- 
 sylvania, but was reared in Highland county, Ohio, and there he married Miss 
 Mary Lowman. Mrs. Buck was a native of Pike county, Ohio, and a daughter 
 of Jacob Lowman. Mr. and Mrs. Thomas Buck began their domestic life in 
 the Buckeye state, where they resided until 1874 when they came to Illinois, 
 first locating in Maquon township, Knox county, but later removing to Haw 
 Creek township. The father, who had always engaged in farming, continued 
 to devote his energies to agricultural pursuits until his death, which occurred at 
 the age of sixty-five years. The mother was sixty-three when she died and was 
 laid to rest beside her husband in the Maquon cemetery. The family of Mr. 
 and Mrs. Thomas Buck numbered six : William Nicholas, our subject ; Edgar, 
 who married Arzella McWilliams, now residing in Galesburg; Austin, who 
 married Flora Smith, residing in Haw Creek township ; Elmer, who married 
 Alta Connor, living in Gilson, Illinois ; Tillie, the wife of Charles Smith, of 
 Maquon township ; and Carrie, the wife of Amos McWilliams, of Elba town- 
 ship. The family was reared in the faith of the Presbyterian church, in which 
 the parents held membership, while his political allegiance Mr. Buck gave to 
 the republican party but has never sought public office. 
 
 As he was a youth of twenty when he removed to Illinois with his parents 
 William Nicholas Buck had already acquired his education, in pursuit of which 
 he attended the common schools of his native state. Reared on a farm, he was 
 at that time familiar with practical agricultural methods as well as the care of 
 stock. During the first year of his residence in Illinois he lived in Maquon 
 township, but subsequently removed to Haw Creek township. After his mar- 
 riage he beg^n farming for himself as a renter on the Daniel Housh place, 
 where he remained for three years. From there he went to the Mary Ann 
 
': HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY /S 759 
 
 ' . - i ' . . ' - - -' \ ' . "- ' '.' 
 
 West farm, the cultivation of which engaged his energies for eight years. His 
 efforts had proven so lucrative that at the expiration of that period he had 
 accumulated sufficient capital to buy eighty acres in this township. After culti- 
 vating this tract for four years, however, he disposed of it to Frank Nelson and 
 removed to the T. Humst^d farm, where he remained for a year. He again 
 invested his capital in the purchase of his present farm, which contains eighty- 
 two acres of fertile land, located on section 32, Haw Creek township, on the 
 east and west road between that and Maquon township. Mr. Buck takes great 
 pride in his homestead as well as its appearance, and during the period of his 
 occupancy has erected a number of good, substantial outbuildings, at the same 
 time putting those already on the place in repair. Everything about his farm 
 suggests thrift and prosperity, the fences are in good condition, ample provision 
 is made for housing both the stock and machinery, while the grounds about his 
 residence are given careful attention. Stock-raising has always been Mr. Buck's 
 specialty and he breeds and raises high-grade horses, cattle and hogs, and is 
 meeting with success in his undertaking. 
 
 Mr. Buck married Miss Rozina Guderkirk, whose birth occurred on the 
 farm where she is now residing, on the 6th of September. i86i. She is a 
 daughter of John Guderkirk, who was born in New York state, whence he 
 came with his parents to Maquon township, in 1835, when a child eight years of 
 age. The paternal grandfather was a blacksmith, but upon locating here bought 
 a quarter section of land that has ever since been in the possession of some 
 member of the family. He paid for this one dollar and twenty-five cents per 
 acre, and met with great difficulty in meeting his payments. It was here that 
 John Guderkirk was reared and educated, and upon attaining his maturity he 
 married Caroline Jones, a native of the state of New York. Gf this union there 
 were born the following children : Mary, who married Milton Housh of Maquon 
 township ; Ellen, who became the wife of Leslie Howard, of the same township ; 
 Charles, who is deceased ; Ada, who died when an infant ; Rozina, now Mrs. 
 Buck; Louisa, a resident of Maquon township, the widow of Philip Selby, who 
 succumbed to typhoid fever; and Cassie, the wife of Silas Dennison, a resident 
 of Maquon township. Grandfather Guderkirk died in Haw Creek township, 
 in 1846, and was buried in the cemetery at Maquon. 
 
 His political allegiance Mr. Buck has always accorded to the republican party 
 and has served as school director and trustee in his township. The greater part 
 of Mr. Buck's life has been spent in the vicinity where he is now residing and 
 among the citizens of which he numbers many loyal friends. 
 
 FRANK PGPLETT. 
 
 In the early development and improvement of Knox county the Poplett 
 family has borne an active part and is numbered among the pioneer settlers. 
 Here Frank Poplett was born on the 28th of May, 1851. His parents, John and 
 Sophia (Davis) Poplett, were natives of Kentucky, the father settling in Knox 
 county with his people in 1835, after having lived for some time in Indiana, 
 the mother accompanying her people to Knox county when they settled here in 
 
760 ; HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY 
 
 1834. The paternal grandfather, Thompson Poplett, bought one hundred and 
 sixty acres of land in Sparta township on his arrival. This land he farmed for 
 twelve years when he removed to Peoria county and lived there until his death 
 in 1868. The grandmother died before Frank Poplett was bom. John Poplett, 
 fhe father, lived with his people in Peoria county assisting his father with the 
 work on the homestead. He died leaving his son Frank, who was one year of 
 age, and his widow to mourn him. Mrs. ' Poplett subsequently married David 
 Henderson, of Henderson township, Knox county. She is still living on the 
 farm, a widow, her husband having died some years ago. 1 "-' 
 
 At the usual age Frank Poplett entered the district school in the vicinity of 
 his home and acquired a practical education. On leaving school he worked on 
 the home farm until twenty-one years of age and then set out to cultivate the 
 soil for his own benefit. For this purpose he rented eighty acres of land which 
 he operated for three years. At the expiration of this time he engaged in mer- 
 cantile life, conducting a store in Henry county. This he discontinued after 
 three years and returned to farming. In 1883 he purchased the place on which 
 he lives at present, eighty acres in Henderson township, Knox county. He was 
 a practical fanner and during the twenty-eight years of his management of the 
 homestead improved it greatly and was very successful in all departments of 
 general farming. He was progressive in his methods and owns a farm of which 
 he can be justly proud. 
 
 Mr. Poplett was married in July, 1872, to Miss Laura Rowe, a daughter of 
 Laurenza and Narcissa (Goff) Rowe, who were natives of New York and 
 Kentucky, respectively, but became residents of Knox county at an early date, 
 where Mr. Rowe was engaged in agricultural pursuits. Mrs. Poplett lived to 
 be forty-one years of age, her death occurring in March, 1890. Of the four 
 children bom of this union two died in infancy. Ella, the surviving daughter,, 
 is the wife of J. M. Findley, of Henderson township, where they rent a fine 
 farm. They are the parents of six children, namely : Giles, Geneva, Edith, 
 Inez, Frank and May. Elmer F. Poplett, the surviving son, is operating the 
 home farm which he rents of his father. He is married and has two children, 
 William and Dale. 
 
 Mr. Frank Poplett accumulated a sufficient income to enable him to with- 
 draw from the management of his farm. He makes his home with his son, 
 living retired on the place where his labors have borne their fruit for many years. 
 
 R. J. McKEIGHAN. . V ' ' ' >' 
 
 R. J. McKeighan, one of the successful representatives of the farming and 
 stock-raising interests of Knox county, is the owner of a finely improved prop- 
 erty of three hundred and twenty acres located on sections 21 and 22, Salem 
 township, known as Willow Row Grain & Stock Farm. He was born in Fulton 
 county, Illinois, on the 2ist of March, 1849, and is a son of the late James Mc- 
 Keighan, one of the well known and successful agriculturists of Salem town- 
 ship. The father was born, reared and educated in the north of Ireland, remain- 
 ing a resident of his native land until he had attained the age of thirty-three 
 
760 V; HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY 
 
 1834. The paternal grand fatlier, Thompson Poplett, bought one hundred and 
 sixty acres of land in Sparta township on his arrival. This land he farmed for 
 twelve years when he removed to Peoria county and lived there until his death 
 in 1868. The grandmother died before Frank Poplett was born. John Poplett, 
 the father, lived with his people in Peoria county assisting his father with the 
 work on the homestead. He died leaving his son Frank, who was one year of 
 age. and his widow to mourn him. Mrs. Poplett subsequently married David 
 Henderson, of Henderson township, Kno.x county. She is still living on the 
 farm, a widow, her husband having died some years ago. 
 
 At the usual age Frank Poplett entered the district school in the vicinity of 
 his home and accjuired a practical education. On leaving school he worked on 
 the home farm until twenty-one years of age and then set out to cultivate the 
 soil for his own benefit. For this purpose he rented eighty acres of land which 
 he ojierated for three years. At the expiration of this time he engaged in mer- 
 cantile life, conducting a store in Heury county. This he discontinued after 
 three years and returned to farming. In 1883 he purchased the place on which 
 he lives at present, eighty acres in Henderson township, Kno.x county. He was 
 a practical farmer and during the twenty-eight years of his management of the 
 homestead improved it greatly and was very successful in all departments of 
 general farming, tie was progressive in his niethods and owns a farm of which 
 he can be justly proud. 
 
 Mr. Poplett was married in July, 1872, to Miss Laura Rowe, a daughter of 
 Laurenza and Xarcissa (Goff) Rowe, who were natives of Xew York and 
 Kentucky, respectively, but became residents of Knox county at an early date, 
 where Mr. Rowe was engaged in agricultural pursuits. Mrs. Poplett lived to 
 be forty-one years of age, her death occurring in March, 1890. Of the four 
 children born of this union two died in infancy. Ella, the surviving daughter, 
 is the wife of J. M. Findley. of Henderson townshij), where they rent a fine 
 farm. They are the parents of si.x children, namely: Giles, Geneva, Edith, 
 Inez, Frank and May. Elmer F. Poplett, the surviving son, is operating the 
 home farm which he rents of his father. He is married and has two children, 
 \\'illiam and Dale. 
 
 Mr. Frank Poplett accumulated a sufficient income to enable him to with- 
 draw from the management of his farm. He makes his home with his son, 
 living retired on the place where his labors have borne their fruit for many years. 
 
 :' R. J. McKFIGH.XX. . : 
 
 R. J. McKeighan, one of the successful representatives of the farming and 
 stock-raising interests of Knox county, is the owner of a finely improved i)rop- 
 erty of three hundred and twenty acres located on sections 21 and 22, Salem 
 township, known as \\'illow Row Grain & Stock Farm. He was born in Fulton 
 county, Illinois, on the 21 st of March, 1849, and is a son of the late James Mc- 
 Keighan, one of the well known and successful agriculturists of Salem town- 
 ship. The father was born, reared and educated in the north of Ireland, remain- 
 ing a resident of his native land until he had attained the age of thirty-three 
 
r ' - .- 
 
i>;V'V. HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY i^^ 763 
 
 years, when he emigrated to the United States. Upon his arrival in this country 
 Mr. McKeighan made his way to Illinois, locating at Farmington, where he 
 followed various occupations until he had acquired sufficient capital to begin 
 business for himself. Believing that farming offered a safer investment and 
 more lucrative returns than anything else, he then invested his small savings 
 in some land three miles southwest of Farmington and industriously applied 
 himself to its improvement and cultivation. He subsequently returned to the 
 Emerald isle for a visit and while there was married to Miss Elizabeth Cunning- 
 ham, also a native of northern Ireland. Returning to the United States with 
 his bride he settled on his farm in Fulton county, continuing to live there until 
 1855, when he removed to a tract of one hundred and sixty acres of prairie land 
 on section 22, Salem township, Knox county, which he and his brother, Alex- 
 ander McKeighan, purchased in 1853 for one thousand dollars. In 1854 James 
 McKeighan paid his brother a thousand dollars for his half interest in the 
 property. Soon afterward he succeeded in selling his Fulton county farm and 
 with the proceeds bought eighty acres of land on section 21, Salem township. 
 As he was both capable and energetic he met with excellent success in his efforts 
 and subsequently extended the boundaries of his farm by the addition of another 
 eighty, making the aggregate of his holdings three hundred and twenty acres. 
 This is now the property of his son R. J., having been in the family for over 
 fifty-six years. Mr. McKeighan made a sp>ecialty of raising corn, and today 
 our subject and his .son are among the most noted raisers of seed corn in this 
 part of the country. McKeighan's Golden Dent corn has many points of ex- 
 cellence, being a heavy yielder, of very deep grain, early maturing, shells high 
 per cent of corn, has no superior for feeding purposes and is adapted to differ- 
 ent soils and climatic conditions. James McKeighan always continued to -be 
 more or less actively connected with the operation of his farm until he passed 
 away at the age of eighty-three years. He was laid to rest in the cemetery at 
 Farmington, as was also his wife, who was seventy-seven years of age at the 
 time of her demise. Their family numbered six, of whom our subject is the 
 eldest. The others in order of birth are as follows : Rachel, the wife of Rev. 
 W. H. Clatworthy, of Yates City; Elizabeth, who married Robert R. Steck, of 
 Salem township; James and Margaret, who died in infancy; and Emma, the 
 deceased wife of D. F. Lawrence, of Salem township. The parents were both 
 earnest members of the Presbyterian church and the father gave his political 
 support to the republican party but was never an office seeker. He was one 
 of the prosperous agriculturists of the county and for a short time during the 
 early days was identified with the Yates City Bank. 
 
 As he was only a child of six years when he removed with the family to 
 Knox county, R. J. McKeighan obtained the greater portion of his early educa- 
 tion in the district schools of Salem township, the course therein pursued being 
 later supplemented by study in the schools of Farmington and Monmouth. 
 Having been accustomed to agricultural pursuits from his earliest boyhood, 
 upon attaining his majority he began operating the home farm on the shares, 
 continuing this for two years. Following his marriage he located with his bride 
 on a farm of one hundred and sixty acres on section 17, Salem township, which 
 he cultivated for three years, at the expiration of that time returning to the 
 old homestead, where he is now residing. During the period of his occupancy 
 
764 HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY . 
 
 he has erected all of the buildings now standing upon his farm with the excep- 
 tion of the house and the horse barn, both of which were built by his father. 
 Mr. McKeighan is one of the capable agriculturists of the county and annually 
 reaps abundant harvests from his fertile fields, which are cultivated under his 
 personal supervision. In connection with his general farming he has always 
 made a specialty of raising Hampshire sheep, while he keeps a fine herd of 
 thoroughbred Jersey cows for dairy purposes. His interests have spread be- 
 yond the boundaries of his farm and stock-raising and he was one of the organ- 
 izers of the Ideal Telephone Company, of which he was president for about 
 six years and likewise a member of the board of directors. 
 
 In 1877 Mr. McKeighan completed his plans for a home of his own by his 
 marriage to Miss Ximena Corey, a native of Maryland and a daughter of J. M. 
 and Martha Corey. To them were born two sons, the younger of whom, John, 
 died in infancy. James Leslie, their surviving son, is residing on the home 
 farm with his parents, assisting his father in its operation. He married Sarah 
 Rice, a daughter of Amos Rice, of Mattoon, Illinois, and they have three chil- 
 dren: Martha Lorene, James Rice and Anna Katherine. f. ' ' ; I ' r -' 
 
 The entire family affiliate with the Presbyterian church at Yates City, in 
 the work of which they take an active and helpful interest. For over forty 
 years Mr. McKeighan was an elder of the church, while for ten years his wife 
 has been treasurer of the Home Missionary Society, and their son is now an 
 elder in the church and superintendent of the Sunday school. Both father and 
 son give their political support to the republican party, but they have never 
 aspired to official honors although the former has for some years been a mem- 
 ber of the board of school directors. Mr. McKeigban is not only one of the 
 prosperous but one of the highly respected men of his community, ever having 
 conducted his business transactions in a manner to preclude all possibility of 
 adverse criticism, his honor and integrity being above question. 
 
 LEVI J. COX. 
 
 Levi J. Cox, deceased, who passed his life, spanning three score years and 
 one, within the confines of Knox county, was born, here January i, 1849. His 
 parents, James and Emma (Pittard) Cox, were both natives of Somersetshire, 
 England, who lived there until after their marriage, Mr. Cox being engaged in 
 farming as a tenant on an English estate. They crossed the Atlantic in 1848 
 and found their way to Ontario township, Knox county, where they settled on 
 a farm. Later he removed to Oneida and since 1880 lived retired. In 1884 
 the mother passed away and eleven years later the father's death occurred, on 
 May 13, 1895. .- '" I. 
 
 Reared at home Levi J. Cox obtained his education in the rural schools jn 
 the vicinity and in the Oneida high school. At the age of nineteen years he 
 engaged in farming for himself but almost at the outset met with a serious 
 accident that retarded his progress for a time in no slight degree. He was out 
 hunting prairie chickens with a party of friends, when he was shot by the acci- 
 dental discharge of a gun. For fourteen years he cultivated eighty acres of 
 
. ; HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY ^::' ^t 765 
 
 land on section 28, after which he purchased one hundred and sixty acres in 
 Sparta township, operating this farm for a number of years. He disposed of 
 this property and went east, remaining in Hartford, Connecticut, long enough 
 to leam the butcher trade, which he followed on his return to Knox county. 
 After a time he sold out his interests in this business and again took up farming, 
 confining his labors first to a tract of forty acres and later increasing this to 
 one hundred and sixty acres. He acted as poundmaster for a period of twelve 
 years. On March 4, 1902, he retired to live a quiet life in Oneida village. He 
 passed away just eight years from that time, dying from injuries received in 
 an automobile accident in 1910. Mr. Cox was a man of industrious habits and 
 by his thrift and good management was able to multiply his income and at his 
 death bequeathed to his wife and children four hundred and ninety acres of 
 land in the county. He belonged to Oneida Lodge, No. 337, F. & A. M. 
 
 Mr. Cox was united in marriage to Miss Elizabeth West, a daughter of 
 Samuel and Kathryn (Anderson) West, the father a native of England and 
 the mother of Scotland. The story of the emigration of the West family from 
 their native shores is a narrative filled with the most thrilling incidents. The 
 grandfather, John West, was sold in Scotland to an American living near New ... 
 York and when the Revolutionary war broke out he gave his services to the 
 cause of freedom. He was shipwrecked on his voyage to America and passed 
 sixteen years before he finally reached our shores. Mr. and Mrs. Cox were the 
 parents of three children : Arthur B., who operates a farm of one hundred and 
 ; sixty acres in Ontario township, given him by his father, is married to Maude 
 Houghton and has three children living, Laverne, Joseph Elishier and Levi 
 Charles, while one child, Maude, is deceased. Stewart lives on a farm of one 
 hundred and sixty acres, which his father gave him and is married to Mildred 
 White. They have three children, Garrett, Minnie E. and James. Asa, the 
 youngest in the family, has passed away. 
 
 Mrs. Cox gives her helpful support to the Presbyterian church and is also 
 an enthusiastic worker in the Order of the Eastern Star of Oneida. She is at 
 woman of much charm of manner and has many close friends to whom she has 
 always been loyal. , ... . ,^ ^ . , . ... 
 
 '^:::, ^'^-''-.^v:-:;.-. :;;;.; SWAN j. THULINE. . , ;^':^v: -^ -,C ..!; ;-''-''- 
 
 Swan J. Thuline, who owns and operates a farm in Walnut Grove township, 
 Knox county, was born in Kristianstad, Skona, Sweden, on the gth of Septem- . 
 ber, 1848, his parents being John and Lissa (Swanson) Olson. He was the 
 grandson of Olaf Olson and Swan Peterson. In his early life he engaged in 
 agricultural pursuits and continued in this industry for the greater part of his 
 active career and was also employed in a gristmill. His birth occurred in 1813, 
 and he was one of seven children, five of whom now survive: O. J., of Gales- 
 burg; Swan, who is the subject of this review; Ellen, who is the wife of Mr. 
 Johnson of Chicago; Magdalena, who is living in Sweden; and Hannah, who 
 married L. N. Lundgren of Chicago. 
 
766 HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY , 
 
 ' . '^ . . . I *. - 
 
 After attending the public schools and assisting his father in farm work 
 Swan J. Thuline, desiring to start out upon his independent career in a country 
 which offered great opportunities to all, set out for America at the age of nine- 
 teen years. He came direct to Knox county, and after residing in Galesburg, 
 removed to Walnut Grove township, where in 1905 he purchased the property 
 which is his present home. During these years he engaged in general farming 
 and stock-raising and met with the success which has been the reward of so 
 many of the thrifty sons of Sweden who have come to this rich agricultural 
 district. . / .V ^-V,;. ; 
 
 In 1882 occurred the marriage of Mr. Thuline to Thilda Johnson, whose birth 
 occurred on the 23d of May, 1862, in Sweden. She was the daughter of Johann 
 and Burgda (Nelson) Talkelson, who are agriculturists. Her grandfather was 
 a soldier in his native country in the war of 1812 and died in 1872 at the age of 
 ninety years. In addition to Mrs. Thuline one other daughter of Mr. and Mrs. 
 Johnson has come to America and is living in Galesburg. Mrs. Thuline came 
 to America at the age of twenty years and went direct to Galesburg, where she 
 met Mr. Thuline, who had sent for her. To Mr. and Mrs. Thuline the following 
 children have been born : Joel, who is twenty-eight years of age and married 
 to Jennie Plem, by whom he has had one child, Irene ; David, agfed twenty-seven, 
 who is engaged in farming; Winfred, aged twenty-five, who is residing in Rock 
 Island; Carl, who is twenty- four years of age and is farming; Edwin. Esther 
 and Ruth, aged twenty-two, twenty and eighteen respectively, all residing at 
 home; Mabel, aged seventeen, who is in Galesburg; Walther, Robert, Mary and 
 Alice, aged sixteen, thirteen, eleven and ten respectively, all living at home ; 
 Roy, who is eight years old and residing at home ; Lilly, who is also at home 
 and seven years of age ; and Gladys, who is a girl of but five years. 
 
 In politics Mr. Thuline gives his support to the republican party, and al- 
 though he does not seek office for political reasons he is at present highway 
 commissioner of the township because of his interest in the development of 
 his home district. His parents were members of the Lutheran church and his 
 family are being brought up in the same faith. He has never had occasion to 
 regret leaving his native land, for in America he has found the opportunity for 
 which he sought the opportunity to win success by honorable and industrious 
 methods. 
 
 Jrv E. H. BROADFIELD. : ' /' ; 
 
 E. H. Broadfield, deceased, for many years well known in Peoria and Knox 'J-.; 
 counties, where he was identified with agricultural interests, was a native of 
 England, having beei. born in Stourport, Worcestershire, May 8, 1831. His 
 father, Edward H. Broadfield, was born in Shropshire. England, February 21, : 7 
 i8io; his mother, whose maiden name was Ann Rowley, was a native of Wor- p' ; 
 cestershire, England, born June 6, 1806, and died September 22, i88i. 
 
 A resident of England until he was twenty-four years of age, E. H. Broad- 
 field acquired his education in the night schools of Manchester, where for four 
 years he was employed in the lithographic and printing business. In 1855 he 
 
766 HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY 
 
 After attending the public schools and assisting his father in farm work 
 Swan J. Thuline, desiring to start out upon his independent career in a country 
 which offered great opportunities to all, set out for America at the age of nine- 
 teen years. He came direct to Knox county, and after residing in Galesburg, 
 removed to Walnut Grove township, where in 1905 he purchased the property 
 which is his present home. During these years he engaged in general farming 
 and stock-raising and met with the success which has been the reward of so 
 many of the thrifty sons of Sweden who have come to this rich agricultural 
 district. , I 
 
 In 1882 occurred the marriage of Mr. Thuline to Thilda Johnson, whose birth 
 occurred on the 23d of ^^ay, 1862, in Sweden. She was the daughter of Johann 
 and Burgda (Nelson) Talkelson, who are agriculturists. Her grandfather was 
 a soldier in his native country in the war of 1812 and died in 1872 at the age of 
 ninety years. In addition to Mrs. Thuline one other daughter of Mr. and Mrs. 
 Johnson has come to America and is living in Galesburg. Mrs. Thuline came 
 to America at the age of twenty years and went direct to Galesburg, where she 
 met Mr. Thuline, who had sent for her. To Mr. and Mrs. Thuline the following 
 children have been born : Joel, who is twenty-eight years of age and married 
 to Jennie Plem, by whom he has had one child, Irene : David, aged twenty-seven, 
 who is engaged in farming; Winfred, aged twenty-five, who is residing in Rock 
 Island; Carl, who is twenty- four years of age and is farming; Edwin. Esther 
 and Ruth, aged twenty-two, twenty and eighteen respectively, all residing at 
 home ; Mabel, aged seventeen, who is in Galesburg ; Walther, Robert, Mary and 
 Alice, aged sixteen, thirteen, eleven and ten respectively, all living at home ; 
 Roy, who is eight years old and residing at home ; Lilly, who is also at home 
 and seven years of age; and Gladys, who is a girl of but five years. ; 
 
 In politics Mr. Thuline gives his support to the republican party, and al- 
 though he does not seek office for jwlitical reasons he is at present highway 
 commissioner of the township because of his interest in the development of 
 his home district. His parents were members of the Lutheran church and his 
 family are being brought up in the same faith. He has never had occasion to 
 regret leaving his native land, for in America he has found the opportunity for 
 which he sought the ojjportunity to win success by honorable and industrious 
 methods. 
 
 . ; E. H. BROADFIELD. , 
 
 E. H. Broadfield, deceased, for many years well known in Peoria and Knox 
 counties, where he was identified with agricultural interests, was a native of 
 England, having bee;, born in Stourport, Worcestershire, May 8, 1831. His 
 father, Edward H. Broadfield, was born in Shropshire. England, February 21, 
 i8io; his mother, whose maiden name was Ann Rowley, was a native of Wor- 
 cestershire, Fngland. born June 6. 1806, and died September 22, i88i. 
 
 A resident of England until he was twenty-four years of age, E. H. Broad- 
 field acquired his education in the night schools of Manchester, where for four 
 years he was employed in the lithogra])hic and printing business. In 1855 he 
 
; ;/ ; J:; V . ' HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY _ <v 760 
 
 ?.- ;/ r crossed the Atlantic, hoping to find larger opportunities for obtaining a liveli- 
 /; \;,^ hood in America. Settling in Peoria county he lived there until 1864, when he 
 . ;'C removed to Knox county, where he tilled the soil until his death December 19, 
 y '':. 1903, having attained the age of seventy-two years, seven months and eleven 
 /:;; days. Ever industrious and faithful in the performance of his duties, his labor^ 
 }; ,' J were rewarded by an ample competence derived from his farm of a hundred and 
 's.;'\i sixty acres, so that he was enabled tp leave his family well provided for. 
 ;,.-'';. Mr. Broadfield was united in marriage to Miss Mary J. Crandall, a daughter 
 
 V- ,\ of Zane and Mary (Johnson) Crandall, at Peoria, Illinois, on April 12. 1864. 
 ' - Ten children were born of this union, Edward H., Walter, William R., Arthur. 
 '. -X- Frank, John, Lyman, George H., Ada, and Nellie. Mr. Broadfield was inde- 
 ; ' pendent in his political convictions and served for a number of years as com- 
 missioner of highways. Mrs. Broadfield, who is in her sixty-eighth year, her 
 ^ r .; birth having occurred in Peoria county on March 22, 1844, owns the farm of 
 ; one hundred and sixty acres which her husband cultivated for many years. Here 
 she lives a quiet life surrounded by her family and friends, ever occupied in 
 ;' the service of others believing that this is the only way to the attainment of 
 . ' ?'- true happiness. :.':; '\'- ;."S-'. ;;<:/' v'. :;' >^-'V'- .'^V'-'^Vv;''; '^ v '.'.';:''% "'K:-;'.^ ;" 
 
 ; C ELIAS WILHELM NORENE. . , : ^;;; 
 
 Elias Wilhelm Norene. who is an agriculturist of Walnut Grove township, 
 Knox county, was .born May 29, 1868, on the old Norene homestead in this 
 county, his parents being Hans and Anna (Erickson) Norene. The father was 
 bom in Sweden and came to America at an early age, settling in Knox county iff 
 1856, where he spent practically his entire active career, with the exception 
 of one winter, during which he followed agricultural pursuits in southern terri- 
 tory. He was a son of Hans and Kate (Olson) Johnson. He returned for a 
 visit to Sweden, after which he rented a farm for a year and in 1866 purchased 
 the homestead, where he resided until 1878. In that year he bought a farm, 
 on which he lived until his retirement in 1895. He died February 3, 1907, at 
 the age of seventy-five years, but Mrs. Norene is still living in Altona, being 
 seventy-one years of age. She was born October 27, 1840, and came to America 
 when she was twenty-four years of age, making the trip on the same steamer 
 on which her husband was traveling. She is a daughter of Eric Pearson, an 
 agriculturist of Sweden, who died in 1867, at the age of sixty-eight years. His 
 widow, Mrs. Martha Olson Pearson, came to America and lived with her daughter 
 until she returned to Sweden shortly before her death, which occurred at the 
 age of eighty-six years. The grandfather, Peter Larson, was also an agri- 
 culturist. Mrs. Norene was one of six children, five of whom are living: Olaf 
 Erickson, of Nebraska; Pear Erickson, of Sweden; Carrie, who is the wife of 
 Peter Norborg, of Nebraska; and Martha, who is the wife of N. Nordestrom, 
 also of Nebraska. Mr. and Mrs. Norene were married in Knoxville, Illinois, 
 on March 15, 1865, but they later resided in Walnut Grove township on the 
 farm, where the youngest son now lives. Subsequently he purchased the pres- 
 ent home of his older son. Both Mr. and Mrs. Norene were members of the 
 
.770 HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY ; - ^-^' 
 
 Swedish Lutheran church and were among the prominent citizens of Walnut 
 Grove township. They were the parents of three children: Alfred T., an 
 agjriculturist ; Josephine C., who is the wife of Carl A. Nybladh, of Galesburg ; 
 and Elias W., who is the subject of this review. I ';. 
 
 After attending school Elias W. Norene remained at home with his father 
 assisting in the farm duties until he entered the Galesburg Business College. 
 After completing his course in that institution he again returned home and has 
 since been the manager of the property upon which he is now residing. He is 
 one of the most modern and scientific farmers in Walnut Grove township and 
 is winning profitable returns for the careful management and the industrious 
 labor which he is giving to his undertakings. 
 
 On June 26, 1905, Mr. Norene was married to Miss Bertha S. Lin- 
 derholm, a daughter of H. L. and Hedwig (Johnson) Linderholm, who are both 
 residing in Altona and were among the pioneer settlers of Knox county. Mrs. 
 Norene's birth occurred on the I5th of April, 1874, in Knox county. She is 
 one of eleven children; the others are as follows: Latimer B., of Galesburg; 
 Martin, of Farmington, Iowa ; Otto Herman, deceased ; Hannah, who is the 
 wife of David Anderson; one, who died in infancy; Theresa Amelia, who is 
 married to J. A. Boland ; Harrison B. and Hattie P., twins, the former residing 
 in Pomona, California, and the latter deceased; Ernest Arthur, of Chicago; and 
 Lilly Cornelia, -the wife of Thomas Chinn, a resident of Pasadena, California. 
 Four children were born to Mr. and Mrs. Norene : Lula Florinda, born May 
 4, 1896; Mabel Pemilla, born April 8, 1898; Frances Lilly Wilhelmina, bom 
 November 12, 1901 ; and Maurice Elias, born December 19, 1908. 
 
 Mr. Norene gives his political support to the republican party and is at 
 present a member of the school board, having served for twenty-two years in 
 that capacity. In religious faith he is a Lutheran, holding membership in the 
 Swedish Lutheran church of Altona. He is one of the native sons of Knox 
 county, who has made a successful career for himself in the new world by dis- 
 playing the persistency, energy, industry and thrift which are so characteristic 
 of the Swedish people. : ., . ... .... , . 
 
 :;.;, NATHAN MILROY. : ; v- : ;; , ;:' 
 
 Nathan Milroy, who has been a lifelong resident of Knox county, is residing 
 upon his farm in Copley township. His birth occurred on the i6th of December, 
 1851, in the old log cabin which is near his home today. He is a son of Samuel 
 and Margaret (McNish) Milroy and a grandson of Samuel and Agnes (For- 
 syth) Milroy. The father was born in Wigtonshire, Scotland, and came to 
 America with his family in 1851. Immediately upon their arrival in this coun- 
 try they settled in Copley township and were among the first settlers in this 
 part of Knox county. His death occurred in 1887, at the age of sixty-nine 
 years. He was one of three children born to his father's first marriage, his 
 two sisters both having also passed away. Of a second union there was bom 
 to Samuel Milroy, Sr., one daughter, Isabel, who is the wife of Hugh McCor- 
 niick, and living at Creston, Iowa. Mrs. Milroy, who was bom January 22, 
 
';';;: HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY / :;;^^^' 771 
 
 , 1815, and was a daughter of Nathaniel and Jane (McGoch) McNish, died 
 '-.' October 3, 1903, at the age of eighty-eight years. Her brother is residing in 
 
 Australia. 
 
 : No event of special importance occurred to vary the routine of farm life 
 for Nathan Milroy in his boyhood and youth. He attended school and assisted 
 
 . his father upon the farm until the latter's death, after which he continued the 
 
 management of the home property and is still engaged in raising stock. He has 
 
 '( given his whole attention to this work and has met with the success which is 
 
 the reward of persistency, energy and diligent labor. 
 
 , . Mr. Milroy was married to Miss Belle Cook, whose birth occurred on the 
 
 . 2d of April, 1854, and who is a daughter of James and Agnes (Stein) Cook, 
 the former having been born on October 24, 1815, and the latter now residing 
 in Galesburg. The Cook family removed to Knox county in 1845, coming from 
 Ross county, Ohio. The grandparents, Robert and Jeannette (Lochie) Cook, 
 came originally from Roxburghshire, Scotland. Mr. and Mrs. Milroy were the 
 parents of seven children, six of whom survive : Mary Ellen, who became the 
 wife of M. Gibbs, of Victoria township, and is the mother of two children. 
 Dale M. and Dean M. ; William Morris and Samuel Stein, both of whom are 
 residing at home; Edna Grace, who is the wife of G. Gibbs, of Victoria; and 
 Archie Nathan and James N., both of whom are at home. 
 
 : Politically Mr. Milroy gives his support to the republican party and. has been 
 
 . most active in promoting its policies and working for its best interests. He 
 has held the office of road commissioner for fifteen years and has been a mem- 
 ber of the school board for the past twenty-one years, being one of the oldest 
 
 . school directors in the county and having succeeded his father to that office. 
 He is a member of the John Knox church, as his father had also been, and has 
 held the office of trustee for many years. During his residence here he has 
 helped to improve the agricultural districts of the county and is justly accounted 
 one of the progressive farmers of Copley township. His labors have been a 
 cooperant factor in many movements which have been of value to the community, 
 bringing Copley township from its position as an uncultivated prairie to a lead- 
 ing place among the developed agricultural regions of Illinois. - . .. :.; , 
 
 ':'<. :-:---'^''':\':'^^\'-:-J'^:'---' A. J. VICTOR JOHNSON. ' " ' '/''''^-Jz-'^'-'^ 
 
 A. J. Victor Johnson is engaged in general farming and stock-raising on 
 the place, where he was born on the 2d of February, 1883. His father, Jonas 
 Johnson, was born on the ist of March, 1839, in Norbo-Ockelba-Soken Agevele- 
 borg Ian, Sweden, where he spent his boyhood and youth. The grandparents 
 were Jonas and Martha Johnson, the former dying in 1870, at the age of eighty 
 years. They came to America in 1864 and lived with their son, Jonas Johnson, 
 in Knox county until their death. Jonas Johnson left his native land in 1857 
 and came direct to Altona, where he resided until after his marriage to Christina 
 Olson, whose birth occurred on the 25th of December, 1843. Subsequently he 
 removed to Sparta township and later purchased the property which is the present 
 homestead. Mrs. Johnson was a daughter of Olaf Peterson, who came to 
 
772 HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY X ) ; ^ 
 
 America with his family in 1857 and after residing in Altona removed to Moline, 
 Illinois, where he died in July, 1858, at the age of sixty-three years, and the 
 mother in 1870, at the age of seventy-nine years. Of the children born to Mr. 
 and Mrs. Jonas Johnson there are still living besides our subject, three daughters, 
 as follows : Minnie, who married P. Stromberg, a farmer of Sparta township ; 
 Amanda, the wife of Andrew Lindstrom, of Altona, Illinois ; and Rosa, who 
 married Herman Smith, of Altona. 
 
 The business career of A. J. Victor Johnson was begun in a grocery store 
 at Altona, where he accepted a clerkship soon after leaving school. He remained 
 there for two years, then pursued a commercial course in Brown's Business 
 College at Galesburg, after which he went to Aberdeen, Washington. There 
 he successfully engaged in the grocery business for two years, but at the end 
 of that time he returned to Galesburg, where for a year he was associated in 
 business with J. A. Peterson. In 1908 he returned to the old homestead and 
 has ever since devoted his attention to the tilling of the fields and the raising 
 of stock. Mr. Johnson is directing his efforts along the more progressive meth- 
 ods and is meeting with success, his diligence and enterprise being prominent 
 factors in promoting his prosperity. 
 
 On the 27th of April, 1904, at Altona, was celebrated the marriage of Mr. 
 Johnson and. Miss Goldie Holmes. She was born in Galesburg, on September 
 l8, 1885, the only child of H. H. and Mattie (Burkhard) Holmes. The father, 
 who is an engineer on the Chicago & Rock Island Railroad, is still living but the 
 mother passed away in 1892, at the age of twenty-six. Mrs. Holmes was a daugh- 
 ter of Jacob and Sarah (Rogers) Burkhard, who were among the pioneer settlers 
 of Knox county. The father was a native of Pennsylvania. After their daugh- 
 ter died Mr. and Mrs. Burkhard brought up Mrs. Johnson, who made her home 
 with them until her marriage. Her grandfather Holmes was killed in the Civil 
 war, having enlisted and gone to the front from this state. Mrs. Johnson is 
 connected with some of the oldest families of the county, her great-grandfather 
 Rogers having erected the first frame house in Galesburg, which was located on 
 the present square. Of the marriage of Mr. and Mrs. Johnson there has been 
 born one son. Freeman, whose birth occurred in Aberdeen, Washington, on 
 January 29, 1905. 
 
 Both Mr. and Mrs. Johnson belong to the Methodist Episcopal church of 
 Altona, and she also belongs to the Ladies Aid Society. He does not take an 
 active interest in politics and has never affiliated with any party, giving his sup- 
 port to the man he thinks is best qualified for the office. 
 
 ..:;;>.;;/: FRANK U. DAUGHMFR. ' :f; ! V ; r - 
 
 Frank U. Daughmer, who has been one of the road commissioners of Salem .-"!' 
 
 township for the past two years, is the owner of a fine farm of four hundred !..": .^ 
 
 and thirty-seven acres located on section 5, where he engages in stock-raising in ' . 
 
 connection with his agricultural pursuits. He was born in Haw Creek town- f : . 
 
 ship, on January 28, 1868, a son of N. George and Harriet (Lindzey) Daugh- . :!v. ; 
 
 mer. The former was a native of Pendleton county, Virginia, his birth occurring .\. .~/\ 
 
/ ; ;^! HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY : 773 
 
 in 1830, but he was reared and educated in Ohio, having removed there when 
 a child with his father, James Daughmer, who spent the remainder of his life 
 in the Buckeye state. When he had attained the age of twenty-two years, N. 
 George Daughmer left the parental roof and started westward, making the 
 journey across the prairies to Illinois with a buggy and team of horses. He 
 was accompanied by his first wife, Lamenta Huey, a native of Ohio. They 
 located in the vicinity of Maquon, Haw Creek township, where Mrs. Daughmer 
 subsequently passed away and was laid to rest in the cemetery at Maquon. 
 Mr. Daughmer, who was married three times, took for his second wife Miss 
 Harriet Lindzey, our subject's mother, who also passed away in Haw Creek 
 township, while his third union was with Miss Hattie Lawrence. He disposed 
 of his Haw Creek farm about 1874 and removed to Douglas, locating on the 
 farm now owned by his son, Frank U., in Salem township. He industriously 
 applied himself to the cultivation of this property which he improved by the 
 erection of good, substantial buildings, making it one of the valuable places of 
 this section. Much of his time and attention were directed to the raising of 
 thoroughbred Polled Angus cattle, that he exhibited at the fairs and fat stock 
 show in Chicago and also sold at public auctions in this vicinity. In connection 
 with this he also raised and fed Shorthorn cattle for the market, but gave less 
 attention to this during the latter years of his life. He passed away on his 
 homestead on the 24th of May, 1908, and was buried in the cemetery at Maquon. 
 In politics Mr. Daughmer was a republican, but he had never held any office in 
 either the township or the county. He was one of the very prosperous farmers 
 of Salem township and numbered among its residents many warm friends by 
 whom he was held in the highest esteem. : .^ .-'';;--:,- 
 
 Frank U. Daughmer was reared from the age of six years on the farm, 
 where he now resides, attending the public schools of Douglas in the acquirement 
 of his early education. He subsequently spent one year at Knox College and 
 also attended the Agricultural College at the University of Illinois, at Urbana. 
 for a similar period. At the expiration of that time he returned to Douglas 
 and turned his attention to the cultivation of his father's homestead and to 
 stock-raising. Following his marriage he located on the old home farm, where 
 he has ever since resided. He has made quite extensive improvements during 
 the period of his occupancy, having erected a number of new buildings and 
 repaired and remodeled the old ones. The land, which is in a high state of 
 cultivation was thoroughly drained during his father's lifetime and given the 
 careful attention that has made it possible to keep it in its present state of 
 productivity with comparative ease. He is conducting his operations very much 
 as did his father, making a specialty of the breeding and raising of the thorough- 
 bred Polled Angus cattle, always keeping a herd of about forty-five, and he 
 also raises and feeds high-grade cattle for the market. Mr. Daughmer is meet- 
 ing with a gratifying degree of prosperity in his undertakings and is recog- 
 nized as one of the most capable and successful agriculturists and stockmen in 
 Salem township. He is a progressive business man to whose practical ideas 
 and well organized system of directing his energies must be attributed the suc- 
 cess of his efforts. ', 
 
 On the 2d of September. 1902, Mr. Daughmer was united in marriage to 
 Miss Bertha H. Bronson, who was born in Peoria county, Illihois, on the 6th 
 
774 HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY -ft^ 
 
 of January, 1878. She was a daughter of D. L. T. and Nina (Gue) Bronson. 
 Of the marriage of Mr. and Mrs. Daughmer there has been born one daughter, 
 Bernice Violet, who is attending school in Douglas. The first year of their 
 domestic life they spent in Douglas, but at the end of that time they located on 
 the farm, where they now live. 
 
 Mr. Daughmer is a member of the Independent Order of Odd Fellows and 
 a trustee of the Methodist Episcopal church of Douglas, in which his wife also 
 holds membership. His political allegiance he gives to the republican party and 
 has for several years been a member of the central committee, and he is also 
 now serving as a school director. Mr. Daughmer leads a very busy life as is 
 evidenced by the attractive and well kept appearance of his farm and the abundant 
 harvests annually yielded by his fertile fields. 
 
 :^^^v- - ; B. P. BAIRD. 
 
 B. P. Baird, a prominent and prosperous resident of Abingdon, has made 
 extensive speculations in lands and now has large property holdings not only 
 in Knox county but in the states of Iowa and Wisconsin. His birth occurred 
 in Pennsylvania, on the iQth of March, 1855, his parents being William H. and 
 Elizabeth J. (Farwell) Baird, who were born, reared and married in the Key- 
 stone state. The father, who was for some years engaged in the timber busi- 
 ness, came west to Illinois in 1856, locating in Elba township, Knox county, 
 where he turned his attention to general agricultural pursuits. In the conduct 
 of his farming interests he won a gratifying measure of prosperity, owning 
 three hundred and sixty acres of land at the time of his demise and after having 
 given property to each of his sons. Conservative, reliable and honorable, he 
 enjoyed the high esteem of all who knew him. Though a generous contributor 
 in the interests of religion and charity, he was not identified with any denomina- 
 tion. Prior to the Civil war he gave his political allegiance to the democracy 
 but after the close of the conflict championed the prohibition cause and was the 
 first man in Elba township to vote that ticket. The cause of education also 
 found in him a stanch friend and for possibly thirty years he served as a mem- 
 ber of the school board. He acquired a good education in his youth and for 
 about three years during his early manhood taught school in his home district 
 in Pennsylvania. Throughout his entire life he read broadly, thus constantly 
 augmenting his knowledge. He passed away in 1890, when seventy years of 
 age, and his demise was the occasion of deep and widespread regret, for he 
 was everywhere recognized as a man of sterling integrity and worth. His wife, 
 whose natal year was 1830, was called to her final rest in May, 1906. 
 
 B. P. Baird was reared under the parental roof and supplemented his pre- 
 liminary education, obtained in the district schools, by a course of study at 
 Hedding College. In the spring of 1877, when twenty-two years of age, he 
 began farming on his own account as a renter. In the following fall he was 
 joined in wedlock to Miss Mary Ellen Oberholtzer, a daughter of Joseph Ober- 
 holtzer, one of the early settlers of Knox county. In the spring of 1878 Mr. 
 
774;;. HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY ; 
 
 of January, 1878. She uas a daughter of D. L. T. and Nina (Gue) Bronson. 
 Of the marriage of Mr. and Mrs. Daughmer there has been born one daughter, 
 Bernice Violet, who is attending school in Douglas. The first year of their 
 domestic life they spent in Douglas, but at the end of that time they located on 
 the farm, where they now live. 
 
 Mr. Daughmer is a member of the Independent Order of Odd Fellows and 
 a trustee of the Methodist Episcopal church of Douglas, in which his wife also 
 holds membership. His political allegiance he gives to the republican party and 
 has for several years been a member of the central committee, and he is also 
 now serving as a school director. Mr. Daughmer leads a very busy life as is 
 evidenced by the attractive antl well kept appearance of his farm and the abundant 
 harvests annually yielded by his fertile fields. 
 
 B. P. BAIRD. 
 
 r>. p. Baird, a prominent and prosperous resident of Abingdon, has made 
 extensive speculations in lands and now has large property holdings not only 
 in Knox coimty but in the states of Iowa and Wisconsin. His birth occurred 
 in Pennsylvania, on the iQth of March, 1855, h'^ parents being William H. and 
 Elizabeth J. (Farwell) Baird, who were born, reared and married in the Key- 
 stone state. The father, who was for some years engaged in the timber busi- 
 ness, came west to Illinois in 1856, locating in Elba township, Knox county, 
 where he turned his attention to general agricultural pursuits. In the conduct 
 of his farming interests he won a gratifying measure of prosperity, owning 
 three hundred and sixty acres of land at the time of his demise and after having 
 given property to each of his sons. Conservative, reliable and honorable, he 
 enjoyed the high esteem of all who knew him. Though a generous contributor 
 in the interests of religion an<l charity, he was not identified with any denomina- 
 tion. Prior to the Civil war he gave his political allegiance to the democracy 
 but after the close of the conflict championed the prohibition cause and was the 
 first man in Elba township to vote that ticket. The cause of education also 
 found in him a stanch friend and for possibly thirty years he served as a mem- 
 ber of the school board. He acquired a good education in his youth and for 
 about three years during his early manhood taught school in his home district 
 in Peniisylvania. Throughout his entire life he read broadly, thus constantly 
 augmenting his knowledge. He passed away in 1890. when seventy years of 
 age, and his demise was the occasion of deep and widespread regret, for he 
 was everywhere recognized as a man of sterling integrity and worth. His wife, 
 whose natal year was 1830. was called to her final rest in May. 1906. 
 
 B. P. P>aird was reared under the parental roof and supplemented his pre- 
 liminary education, obtained in the district schools, by a course of study at 
 Hedding College. In the si)ring of 1877, when twenty-two years of age, he 
 began farming on his own account as a renter. In the following fall he was 
 joined in wedlock to 'Miss Mary Ellen Oberholtzer, a daughter of Joseph Ober- 
 holtzer, one of the early settlers of Knox county. In the spring of 1878 Mr. 
 
HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY 777 
 
 Baird purchased a farm of eighty acres in Peoria county, residing thereon for 
 
 three years. The demise of his wife occurred on the I3th of June, 1880. In 
 
 i88i he sold his property and purchased the James V. Rynerson farm of one 
 
 hundred and sixty acres in Elba township, continuing to reside thereon for ten 
 
 years. In the spring of 1891 he disposed of the place and bought the Charles 
 
 farm of two hundred and eighty acres near Elba Center. In 1900 he purchased 
 
 ;.'-':..; a farm of eighty acres near Abingdon and made that his home in order that his 
 
 [rV^ . > children might enjoy the advantages of the Abingdon schools. Fully appre- 
 
 ;'Jv' V .: ciating the value of education as a preparation for the practical and responsible 
 
 ;..-;' duties of life, he has provided his children with every advantage in this direc- 
 
 /-.: tion. In 1902 he built his present handsome residence in Abingdon and in 
 
 P:'- . V December of that year took up his abode in the town where he has since lived. 
 
 ' ,; : . His property holdings in Knox county are extensive and he also owns large 
 
 . . ;. tracts in Iowa and Wisconsin, having speculated in lands on quite a large scale. 
 
 ;;;;.-.' He is likewise a stockholder and director in the First National Bank and for 
 
 ' . several years past has served as a member of the board of trustees of Hedding 
 
 '';\,;. College. /!;.. 
 
 '''.;' ' In 1882 Mr. Baird was again married, his second union being with Miss 
 
 ^ /^ / Josie Gray, a daughter of Lemuel and Mary A. (Sweegle) Gray, who were 
 
 : . natives of Ohio and New Jersey respectively and took up their abode among 
 
 . ,'.. the early settlers of Knox county, Illinois, here celebrating their marriage. Mr. 
 
 . ': f ; Baird is the father of six children, one of whom was born of his first marriage. 
 
 \ , :' Newton Homer, who was educated in Knox College and also pursued a busi- 
 
 ..... ness course in Denver, Colorado, now owns a cattle ranch of twenty-four hun- 
 
 ' ;,; . dred acres near that city. William Lemuel, who spent several years in Hed- 
 
 -;:.:. ding preparatory school and Hedding College, is now engaged in general agri- 
 
 >''. cultural pursuits in this county. Leo Preston, who was graduated from the 
 
 . , ; University of Illinois at Champaign with the class of 1906, winning the degree 
 
 ^ ' ' of Bachelor of Arts, served as superintendent of high schools for three years. 
 
 ' ; In 1910 he was a candidate for the position of county superintendent of schools 
 
 :'' '' of Peoria and notwithstanding the fact that he was but a young man and a 
 
 / .;" Knox county citizen, carried the city of Peoria by seven hundred votes and was 
 
 '^- V defeated by only eighty-two ballots. At the present time he is superintendent 
 
 , ; .; of the electric light plant in Abingdon and is also engaged in the insurance 
 
 r ,; business. Lois Irena, who was graduated from Hedding College in 1908, win- 
 
 .; . ning the degrees of B. A. and B. O., has for the past three years taught in the 
 
 .; ; ' high school at Winfield, Iowa. Eva Lena, who was graduated from Hedding 
 
 :;'.". College in 1911 with the degree of Bachelor of Arts, will teach as assistant 
 
 ./superintendent in the schools at Whitehall, Michigan. Forest Gray is a senior 
 
 :^ ; -. in Hedding College. Mr. Baird indeed has reason to be proud of his children, 
 
 ; '-' - all of whom have developed into splendid young men and women under the 
 
 .;: influence and training of a loving yet wise mother. He attributes his success 
 
 -. : ; r in no small degree to his wife, who has ever proved a loyal and loving helpmate 
 
 . ' and companion to him. She is a woman of refinement and culture and presides 
 
 '-.:.' with gracious hospitality over a charming home. 
 
 .'.;.;-. Mr. Baird gives his political allegiance to the republican party, believing that 
 :.;,.,; its principles are most conducive to good government. He is a worthy exemplar 
 . :'. . of the Masonic fraternity, belonging to Abingdon Lodge, No. 185, A. F. & A. M. 
 
 Vol. n 35 
 
7T8 HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY 'i ' 
 
 He is a steward and trustee of the Methodist Episcopal church, to which his 
 wife and children also belong. Mr. Baird is a man of undoubted integrity in 
 business, of progressive spirit and marked enterprise, a man whose popularity 
 and prosperity have been won through his many good qualities and his well 
 directed effort. . . - . 
 
 V; :; SAMUEL ROBERT PARKINSON. ,;:,:;;.'. : 
 
 Samuel Robert Parkinson, a resident of Wataga, early recognized the fact 
 that success has its foundation in persistent, honorable and intelligently directed 
 labor and has worked his way upwards until he is now one of the largest land- 
 owners in Knox county and is also well known as a prominent representative 
 of its agricultural, stock-raising and banking interests. He was born on the 
 3d of November, 1866, in Sparta township, Knox county and is the son of 
 John Parkinson. The father, bom in 1828, is a native of England and in 1856 
 came to America locating in Knox county, where he has since resided, giving his 
 time and attention to farming and mining. He gives his political allegiance to 
 the republican party and is conversant with the leading issues of the day. He 
 has served as road commissioner and also as a member of the school board and is 
 a man of strict integrity and worth, and has the confidence and regard of the 
 entire community. He was married to Ann Taylor, who was also a native of 
 England and the daughter of James Taylor. Although she has reached the 
 advanced age of eighty-six years she is still enjoying life and is a comfort to 
 her family. They became the parents of seven children, namely : Elizabeth, 
 the wife of M. Gehring, of Sparta township, Knox county, Illinois ; Ellen, who 
 is married to A. Simmons of Adair county, Nebraska; Mattie, who is the wife 
 of Arthur Mayse, a resident of Greenfield, Iowa ; James, who is a resident of 
 Morris county, Kansas; Sadie, the wife of Elder Ecknam, of Morris county, 
 Kansas ; Samuel R., the subject of this sketch ; and Erank E., of Sparta township. 
 
 After spending a few years in the near-by district schools he remained at 
 home till twenty-one years of age. He began farming and continued in this 
 occupation for five years, when he engaged in the meat-market and grocery 
 business. He conducted this enterprise for seventeen years, at the same time 
 looking after the farm, which he had previously acquired. Because of his 
 close application and his persistent effort to develop his business along lines of 
 modem improvements abreast of the times, Mr. Parkinson secured an extensive 
 patronage and realized a success which was as remunerative as it was gratifying. 
 In 1909 he purchased a one-half interest in the Bank of Wataga, of which he is 
 now ably serving as vice president. In this as in his previous undertakings the 
 accrued profits have increased his capital and thus enabled him to make further 
 investments. At the present he <s the owner of one thousand acres of land in 
 Knox county, which he devotes to crops and stock. His buying-in and market 
 transactions show rare judgment and inevitably financial results of enviable 
 proportions. ; -.; , \ -"I .^":;i . ' I', , ;' 
 
 Mr. Parkinson was married in 1802, to Elizabeth Campbell, whose birth oc- 
 curred on the 29th of November, 1871. She is the daughter of Robert and 
 
 
J ;;^^ ;;-; HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY ^'v-^ 779 
 
 Catherine Dolan Campbell, the former of whom died December lo, 1911, at the 
 age of seventy-six, while Mrs. Campbell is surviving and now in her eightieth 
 year. Mr. and Mrs. Parkinson are the parents of one son. 
 
 In politics Mr. Parkinson casts his vote with the republican party, and has 
 been honored by his fellow citizens with the office of president of the village 
 board which he has competently administered for thirteen consecutive years. 
 He holds membership in Wataga Lodge, No. 291, A. F. & A. M. 
 
 Mr. Parkinson's enterprise and industry have carried him into important 
 relations with business affairs and he has won for himself a most creditable repu- . 
 tation by his enterprise and reliability in every one and all matters, with which 
 he has come in contact. ,.,.-, . _. ., , .. , - .. 
 
 .-.':' > . ' W'v ';.;: ROBERT GIBBS. : J . ^ ; . /V^ -v { 
 
 Robert Gibbs, who is the owner of four hundred and eighty acres of valuable 
 land in Copley township, which he devotes to farming and stock-raising, was 
 born in Lynn township, December 30, 1874. He is a son of Joseph E. and 
 Margaret (Speck) Gibbs. The mother is a daughter of E. Speck, a soldier of 
 the Civil war, who died at Andersonville prison. Mr. and Mrs. Gibbs are now 
 living retired in La Fayette, Illinois. The father's birth occurred in Pittsburg. 
 The grandparents, Joseph and Elizabeth (Goetzinger) Gibbs, removed to Lynn 
 township, Knox county, with their three children and settled on the old Gibbs 
 farm, where he passed the remainder of his life. Mr. and Mrs. Joseph E. Gibbs 
 were the parents of four children: Helen, who is the wife of W. Craig, of Vic- 
 toria township ; Florence, who was married to Harrj' Thomas, also of Victoria 
 township ; Frank L., who is living in Stark county, Illinois ; and Robert, the sub- 
 ject of this sketch. 
 
 After finishing school Robert Gibbs remained at home and assisted his father 
 in the cultivation of the farm until twenty-one years of age. After this he began 
 upon his independent agricultural career in Lynn township on the farm of his 
 grandfather. Subsequently after three years' residence there, he removed to 
 La Fayette and engaged in the meat-market business for the following two years. 
 . After disposing of this he purchased his present home and is now farming four 
 hundred and eighty acres of productive land, which is under a high state of cul- 
 tivation and equipped with modern and substantial buildings. In all of his work 
 he is progressive, employing the latest improved machinery to facilitate the work 
 of the fields, while his careful study of cattle-raising has given him accurate 
 knowledge concerning the best methods of raising stock. 
 
 Mr. Gibbs was married in January, 1896. to Miss Abbie May GofF, whose 
 
 birth occurred on the 9th of June, 1873, in Copley township and who is a daugh- 
 
 ' . ter of Marvin and Mary Elizabeth (Monasmith) Goff, the former one of the old 
 
 -V settlers of Copley township, having passed away in 1897, at the age of fifty-six 
 years, and the latter now residing at the age of seventy-one years on the old 
 
 homestead. To them ten children were bom: Julia, who is the wife of S. Col- 
 : ; linson, of Victoria township; John, of Lynn township; Marvin, a resident of 
 
 \ Victoria township; Sarah, who is the wife of A. McCormick, of Creston, Iowa; 
 
""'' HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY :;l f .' 
 
 George, a resident of Copley township ; MBS. Gibbs ; Charles, who is living at 
 home ; Louis, of Victoria township ; Maggie, who became the wife of Fred Mc- 
 Ilvray, of Victoria township ; and Leona, deceased. Mr. and Mrs. Gibbs are the 
 parents of four children : Milo, whose birth occurred on October 24, 1896 ; Mary 
 Margaret, who was born July 9, 1899; George Reed, bom January 5, 1900; and 
 Robert Russell, who was born Aug^ist 3, 1906. 
 
 Mr. Gibbs' political allegiance is given to the republican party and in 1909 
 he was elected supervisor. He belongs to the Masonic lodge of Victoria, the 
 Modern Woodmen of America, the Royal Neighbors and the Mystic Workers of 
 the World. He cooperates in many movements for the general good and is par- 
 ticularly interested in everything pertaining to the agricultural development of 
 the county. He is known as a reliable and public-spirited citizen and stands 
 high in the regard of all who know him. ; , ;, : 
 
 r DAVID MERRY SIMPSON. : ^ .;,.;:; 
 
 David Merry Simpson, who is living retired on his farm in Walnut Grove 
 township, was bom in Sorn Point, Ayrshire, Scotland, on the I5th of October, 
 1835, his parents being Hugh and Janette (Murdock) Simpson. The grand- 
 father was George Simpson and was the father of twelve children, of whom 
 David and Robert K., of Glasgow, Scotland, are the only surviving members. 
 George Simpson was active in his duties as a member of the United Presbyterian 
 church. The father was a shoemaker by trade and was engaged in this business 
 throughout his life, his death occurring in 1852 at the age of sixty-five years. 
 The mother was the daughter of John and Mary Murdock, the former a weaver 
 by trade. Mrs. Simpson's death occurred in 1872 at the age of eighty-four years. 
 
 David Simpson attended the district schools in his native country until twelve 
 years of age and then entered into agricultural pursuits, assisting his brother. 
 For the following two yea^s he was engaged in the tile and brick business and 
 subsequently after his father's death, he went to the coal regions and engaged 
 in mining, but in 1857, desiring to seek his fortune in the new world, he came to 
 America, going directly to Oneida, Illinois, arriving there on the i6th of April, 
 1857. For the next three years he fanned out by the month and then began 
 farming for himself. Subsequently he removed to his present farm which was 
 at that time all prairie land, and Mr. Simpson now has the distinction of being 
 the only living old settler in this township. When he had acquired one hun- 
 dred and twenty acres of land he established his present home, and has constantly 
 added improvements and conveniences until he now has one of the well equipped 
 and modern farms in the township. 
 
 Mr. Simpson was married in i86i, to Lavina (Garland) Hawk, a native of 
 Virginia, her parents being Thomas and Mildred (Moon) Garland. The father 
 was a planter and slave owner until he removed to Ohio, where he spent the lat- 
 ter part of his life and where his death occurred. Mrs. Simpson had been pre- 
 viously married to Jacob Hawk, and was the mother of four children, all of 
 whom are living. Mr. and Mrs. Simpson have become the parents of eight chil- 
 dren, of whom three died in infancy. Of those living, Hugh C., the eldest, was 
 
';:; ^ ^' HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY ;/- > ^ 781 
 
 * -.'"''''.''-'.''- - ,' \' \ 
 
 born on the I4th of December, i86i, and is engaged in agricultural pursuits. He 
 married Ada McLaughlin, by whom he had five children : Leola, Milo, James and 
 David, and one, the eldest, who died in childhood. Mildred Lavina was bom 
 June 5, 1864, and is living at home, where she is keeping house for her father. 
 She is a member of the Methodist Episcopal church, and is very active in its 
 various societies, being one of the prominent members of the Ladies' Aid Society. 
 Janette M., who was born November 19, 1866, is the wife of Ed N. Suydam, of 
 Galesburg, and has four children : Marie, Fern, Edna and David, who died, when 
 three years of age. Amanda Ellen was born October 19, 1868, and is the widow 
 of William Mead, of Oneida. David J. was born January 13, 1872, and is a 
 traveling salesman residing in Peoria, Illinois, and is a widower. 
 
 Mr. Simpson is an active supporter of the policies of the republican party, 
 doing all in his power to promote its measures and to influence his fellow citizens 
 in their support. He has served as central committeeman, highway commissioner 
 and as member of the school board. He also holds membership in the Independ- 
 ent Order of Odd Fellows of Altona and in the Methodist church of Altona. In 
 his social, fraternal and political relations he has won for himself the same esteem 
 and regard, which he has won in the industrial circles, and has lived in accord- 
 ance with the teachings of high principles, continually extending the circle of his 
 friends who almost comprise all his acquaintances. 
 
 rV ;. : V ;:> WILLIAM N. THOMAS. -. v- 
 
 William N. Thomas, who is operating a blacksmith shop in Wataga, has been 
 a resident of Knox county for over fifty-two years. He was born in Wayne 
 county, Indiana, on the I4th of May, 1842, and is a son of Edward and Maria 
 (Kit well) Thomas. The father was a native of Wabash county, Indiana, and 
 there he was also reared and educated, after which he entered the ministry of the 
 Methodist Episcopal church, his first field being in the vicinity of his early home. 
 His labors were terminated by death some nine years later, however, his demise 
 occurring in 1850. The mother, who passed away in 1876, at the age of sixty- 
 two years, was a daughter of J. H. and Maria Kitwell, natives of Kentucky. 
 The paternal grandfather of our subject, J. H. Thomas, was prominent in pro- 
 moting and spreading the Universalist belief and for many years devoted his 
 entire time and attention to advocating his views, traveling throughout the country 
 and lecturing wherever he could obtain a hearing. He also owned and operated 
 a printing establishment and emphasized his personal work by scattering broad- 
 cast essays and lectures of himself and others on the theme of universal salva- 
 tion. He was a native of Kentucky. Of the marriage of Mr. and Mrs. Edward 
 Thomas there were born five children : William N., our subject ; James E., who 
 is living in Prairie City, Iowa; W. H., a resident of Dodgeville, Wisconsin; 
 Maggie, the wife of W. H. Moon, also of Prairie City, Iowa ; and Mrs. J. H. 
 Gregg, of Missouri. 
 
 The eldest child of his widowed mother, William N. Thomas left school at 
 the age of twelve and during the succeeding eight years devoted his energies to 
 the operation of their farm. In 1859 he came to Galesburg, continuing to fol- 
 
782 HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY 
 
 low agricultural pursuits until the breaking out of the war in i86i, when he en- 
 listed as a musician in Company A, Fifty-Ninth Illinois Volunteer Infantry, and 
 went to the front under General Post of the Army of the Cumberland. He 
 participated in the battles of Pea Ridge, Stone River, Chickamauga, Atlanta and 
 Nashville, having been wounded in the latter engagement. He had enlisted at 
 Knoxville for three years but upon the expiration of his period of service re- 
 enlisted until the close of the war. After the close of hostilities he went to San 
 Antonio, Texas, where he was retained for nine months, being mustered out on 
 September 19, 1866. Upon his return to Galesburg he gave his attention to the 
 carriage manufacturing business, for about three decades, when he came to 
 Wataga and opened a blacksmith and general repair shop which he is still 
 operating. 
 
 '' For his wife Mr. Thomas chose Miss Frances A. Gibbs, a daughter of Nel- 
 son and Adelia Gibbs, the father a farmer of Knox county, where Mrs. Thomas 
 has spent the greater part of her sixty-five years. Of the marriage of Mr. and 
 Mrs. Thomas there were born two sons: W. H., a resident of Galesburg, who 
 married Ada Tulson and has one child ; and A., living in Oneida, who is married 
 and has two children. 
 
 Fraternally Mr. Thomas is a member of the Masonic order, being affiliated 
 with Wataga Lodge, No. 291, A. F. & A. M., and he also belongs to the Odd 
 Fellows, holding membership in Galesburg Lodge, No. 142, I. O. O. F. His politi- 
 cal support he gives to the democratic party and he has several times been called 
 to public office, having served as mayor and marshal for two terms each, and 
 as constable for three. In all of his relations of life Mr. Thomas has ever ex- 
 hibited the loyalty and efficiency that characterized him on the battlefield, the 
 details of every responsibility he assumes being discharged with conscientious 
 exactitude. . > -. . 
 
 /-' ''-^v ,. , . ' . c. P. SMITH. _v-"; ;V:^-.':;:-;:-^' .'';, 
 
 C. p. Smith, representing agricultural interests in Knox county, lives half 
 a mile east of Elba Center on the farm and in the same house where he first 
 beheld the light of day, fifty years ago, his birth having occurred July 9, i86i. 
 His father, Ira A. Smith, was a pioneer settler of Illinois, coming here from 
 New York state in 1850, when a young man, and carried on farming. He bought 
 the present homestead and lived here for many years until his death in Janu- 
 ary, 1907, when he was eighty-four years old. He married Sarah A. Rose, 
 whose grandfather. Stephen Rose, was one of the original settlers of Knox 
 county, taking up his residence here in 1830. There were eleven children in 
 the Smith family, of whom seven are still living: Mrs. Donnelly, of Kansas; 
 Alfred A., of Iowa; Salem, of Kansas; C. P., the subject of this biography; 
 W. T., of Texas, and Mrs. Barry of Nebraska, the last two being twins ; and 
 Mrs. Ramp, of Nebraska. 
 
 Upon the old homestead C. P. Smith spent the days of his boyhood and 
 youth, and in the local district schools he obtained a fair education. He began 
 work on the home place and has remained here ever since with the exception 
 
MR. AND MRS. C. P. SMITH 
 
.782 .. HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY . 
 
 low agricultural pursuits until the breaking out of the war in i86i. when he en- 
 listed as a musician in Company A. Fifty-Xinth Illinois Volunteer Infantry, and 
 went to the front under General Post of the Army of the Cumberland. He 
 participated in the battles of Pea Ridge. Stone River, Qiickamauga, Atlanta and 
 Nashville, having been wounded in the latter engagement. He had enlisted at 
 Knoxville for tliree years but upon the expiration of his period of service re- 
 enlisted until the close of the war. After the close of hostilities he went to San 
 Antonio, Texas, where he was retained for nine months, being mustered out on 
 September 19, 1866. Upon his return to Galesburg he gave his attention to the 
 carriage manufacturing business, for about three decades, when he came to 
 \\'ataga and opened a blacksmith and general repair shop which he is still 
 operating. 
 
 For his wife Mr. Thomas chose Miss Frances A. Gibbs, a daughter of Nel- 
 son and Adelia Gibbs. the father a farmer of Knox county, where Mrs. Thomas 
 has spent the greater part of her sixty-five years. Of the marriage of Mr. and 
 Mrs. Thomas there were born two sons: W. H.. a resident of Galesburg, who 
 married Ada Tulson and has one child : and A., living in Oneida, who is married 
 and has two children. 
 
 Fraternally Mr. Thomas is a member of the Masonic order, being affiliated 
 with \Vataga Lodge, Xo. 291, A. F. & A. M., and he also belongs to the Odd 
 Fellows, holding membership in Galesburg Lodge, Xo. 142, I. O. O. F. His politi- 
 cal support he gives to the democratic party and he has several times been called 
 to public office, having served as mayor and marshal for two tenns each, and 
 as constable for three. In all of his relations of life Mr. Thomas has ever ex- 
 hibited the loyalty and efficiency that characterized him on the battlefield, the 
 details of every responsibility he assumes being discharged with conscientious 
 exactitude. . . . 
 
 C. P. SMITH. 
 
 C. P. Smith, rejjresenting agricultural interests in Knox county, lives half 
 a mile east of Flba Center on the farm and in the same house where he first 
 beheld the light of day. fifty years ago, his birth having occurred July 9, i86i. 
 His father, Ira A. Smith, was a ])ioneer settler of Illinois, coming here from 
 New York state in 1X50, when a young man, and carried on farming. He bought 
 the present homestead and lived here for many years until his death in Janu- 
 ary, i</)7. when he was eighty-four years old. He married .^arah .\. Rose, 
 whose grandfather. Stephen Rose, was one of the original settlers of Knox 
 county, taking up his residence here in 1830. There were eleven children in 
 the Smith family, of whom seven are still living: Mrs. Donnelly, of Kansas: 
 Alfred A., of Iowa : Salem, of Kansas ; C. P., the subject of this biography : 
 W. T., of Texas, and Mrs. Piarry of Nebraska, the last two being twins: and 
 Mrs. Ramp, of X'ebraska. 
 
 L'pon the old homestead C. P. Smith spent the days of his boyhood and 
 youth, and in the local district schools he obtained a fair education. He began 
 work on the home place and has remained here ever since with the exception 
 
MK. AM) MUs. c. p SMITH 
 
; y : . ; :, \ . '':: HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY ' >^\vi r 
 
 ' , of a year and a half spent in Nebraska. He is a successful farmer and a 
 .* ;^ breeder of high-grade live-stock. 
 
 Mr. Smith was married to Miss Harriett Miller and they became the par- 
 ents of a son, Elmer, who was bom in 1890 and passed away in 1907. In 1894 
 . :: Mrs. Harriett Smith was called to her final rest and on June 12, 1907, Mr. 
 Smith was united in marriage to Miss Julia Rausch, a daughter of Gustavus 
 ' . and Bertha Rausch, of Galesburg, where her father occupied the position of 
 '.':''-.' minister in the Evangelical church. She was one of five children in her family. 
 Mr. Smith belongs to the Masonic order and in his political convictions is 
 . . not bound by party ties, preferring to vote independently for the man rather 
 \..'-'- than according to the dictates of the party. He was elected to the office of 
 constable and for four years served as justice of the peace. Fraternally he is 
 : ' connected with the Masonic order. Ever faithful in adhering to his ideals, he 
 , has unflinchingly performed the duties which have fallen to his lot and in the 
 , success which has attended his efforts has found his reward. .;:..;'" 
 
 ..V -: FRED C BEARMORE. V :;V^f: 
 
 ' Fred C. Bearmore, president of the First National Bank of Maquon, has 
 long been prominently identified with the commercial and financial enterprises 
 of this village, of which he has been a resident for thirty years. He was born 
 in Monmouth county. New Jersey in 1853, and is a son of David T. and Rebecca 
 (Conover) Bearmore, natives of the same state. The father was a wagon and 
 carriage maker but also engaged in the operation of a farm in connection with 
 his trade. The parents spent their entire lives in their native state, both passing 
 away at the age of about seventy-five years, the father's demise occurring near 
 the town of Freehold, and that of the mother at Lakewood. The family of 
 Mr. and Mrs. Bearmore numbered three, of whom our subject was the eldest, 
 the others being as follows : David, a real-estate man of Emporia, Kansas, who 
 married Harriet Emma Hall and has one daughter, Edna; and Elnora, who is 
 the wife of Joseph W. Thorn, of Farmingdale, New Jersey. 
 
 The early life of Fred C. Bearmore was spent in the village where he was 
 bom, and to whose schools he is indebted for his education. After acquiring 
 such knowledge as was deemed essential to enable him to assume the heavier 
 responsibilities of life he laid aside his text-books and operated his father's 
 farm. He had from his earliest youth been trained in those qualities of integrity 
 and industry that tend to develop men of enterprise and high principle, his 
 ideals ever having been of the highest type of manhood. At the age of twenty- 
 eight he left the parental roof and came west and entered into the mercantile 
 and banking business with William Swigart. This venture proved to be very 
 lucrative and they were associated together in this business in Maquon for twenty- 
 two years. In 1903 Fred C. Bearmore established a private bank that he oper- 
 ated for three years and then reorganized and established as a national bank, 
 the institution since 1906 having been known as the First National Bank of 
 Maquon. It has a paid-up capital of thirty-five thousand dollars and is recognized 
 as one of the most substantial and conservative financial organizations of this 
 
786 . HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY :.X . ;- | :. 
 
 section of the state. Mr. Bearmore is the president; John Wolf, vice president; 
 and A. S. Potter, cashier. All are men of high standing and well known integrity 
 and business ability. 
 
 For his wife and helpmate Mr. Bearmore chose Miss Sarah Swigart, a 
 daughter of William Swigart, their marriage being celebrated in 1885. Six 
 children have been born unto Mr. and Mrs. Bearmore. Freda, who married 
 Glen McGirr and has two children, is living on a farm south of Maquon. Ella, 
 the second daughter became the wife of Ralph White and resides in Atlantic 
 City, New Jersey. Fay, who is unmarried, is teaching in the schools of Hinsdale, 
 Illinois. William, the only son, is living at Minot, North Dakota. The two 
 youngest members of the family, Genevieve and Marian, the latter born on the 
 twenty-fifth wedding anniversary of the parents, are both at home. 
 
 The political views of Mr. Bearmore coincide with the principles of the 
 democratic party, in support of whose candidates he casts his ballot. Though 
 he has never been prominently identified in municipal politics, he served most 
 capably as supervisor. During the long period of his residence in Knox county 
 Mr. Bearmore, by reason of his honorable transactions, trustworthiness and 
 absolute reliability on any and all occasions, as well as his regard for his word, 
 has at all times had the full confidence of his fellow citizens and has manifested 
 those characteristics which are among a business man's greatest assets. His 
 name connected with any business enterprise is recognized as a guaranty of its 
 reliability and assurance of its stability . \^. - ; ' 
 
 : V PROFESSOR ARTHUR CLARK BUTLER. v 
 
 Professor Arthur Clark Butler, who has served as superintendent of the city 
 schools of Abingdon since 1904, is one of the well known educators of northern 
 Illinois and has long been a prominent and valuable factor in educational circles 
 in this part of the state. His birth occurred in Morgan county, Illinois, on the 
 nth of April, 1848, his parents being James L. and Oletha Parker (Sargent) 
 Butler, who were natives of Virginia and Ohio respectively. In early manhood 
 the father journeyed westward to Ohio and thence to Indiana and in 1840 re- 
 moved to Morgan county, Illinois, being there married and purchasing a farm 
 near Jacksonville. In 1862 he left the place and took up his abode on a farm 
 which he purchased in'Macon county, where he remained until 1870, when he 
 removed to Neosho county, Kansas. There he continued to reside until called 
 to his final rest on the 29th of July, 1891. James L. Butler was an ardent worker 
 in the cause of temperance and also labored eflfectively in advancing the interests 
 of education in his community. While living in Morgan county he was a prime 
 factor in the erection of one of the best country schoolhouses to be found in the 
 state. He was always an advocate of good public schools and worked earnestly 
 for their establishment and keeping up their standard. Both he and his wife 
 were devoted and consistent members of the Methodist Episcopal church. Mrs. 
 Butler, who was still but a girl when she accompanied her parents on their re- 
 moval to Morgan county, passed away on the 27th of May, 190x3. Her father, 
 William L. Sargent, there became a well known figure in state politics at an 
 
. HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY r 1 /^ ^ . :. 
 
 early day. He was a whig and a strong anti-slavery man, his home being one 
 of the stations on the underground railway. He served as a member of the 
 state legislature from his district and was one of the influential factors in the 
 organization of the republican party. All of his sons, six in number, served 
 throughout the Civil war and returned home after the cessation of hostilities. 
 The only one still living is Henry, an inmate of the Soldiers' Home at Quincy, , 
 Illinois. . 
 
 Arthur C. But4er was reared under the parental roof and obtained his early 
 education in the public schools of Morgan county, Illinois. Subsequently he 
 pursued the full course and also did an additional year's work in the State Nor- 
 mal School at Bloomington, Illinois, being graduated from that institution with 
 the class of 1878. Later Dr. Richard Edwards, who has been president of the 
 State Normal School, became president of Blackburn University at Carlinville 
 and, having recognized Mr. Butler's efficient work in the normal school as an 
 institute instructor and writer, recommended him to the university for the degree 
 of Master of Arts, which was accordingly conferred upon him. Subsequently 
 Mr. Butler took a correspondence post-graduate course from the University of 
 Chicago, which completed his schooling. Five years prior to his graduation' 
 from the State Normal School he had taken up teaching as a vocation and during 
 his normal course continued teaching at intervals. Following his graduation 
 he was made principal of the schools at Normal, Illinois, where he remained for 
 two years. On the expiration of that period he accepted the principalship of 
 the schools at Virginia, Cass county, Illinois, there remaining for a similar length 
 of time. He was next offered and accepted the position of superintendent of the 
 Beardstown (111.) schools, in which capacity he served for nine years. At the 
 end of that time he went to Taylorville and organized the Taylorville township 
 high school, formulated the course of study and presided over the schools for 
 three years. In 1894 he left that place to become superintendent of the schools 
 at Kewanee, Henry county, Illinois, where he remained for ten years. In 1904 
 he came to Abingdon as superintendent of the schools here and has held that 
 responsible position continuously since. He is a broad-minded man and an able 
 educator and for several years past has been a regular contributor to the School 
 News and has also written extensively for other educational publications. He 
 has recently completed a series of articles for the School News and has beg^n 
 another. "Persimmons" and "Gala Day Stories," two books of which he is the 
 author, have won him merited fame. The former publication is very popular 
 and has enjoyed an extensive sale. Miss Caroline Grote, formerly county super- 
 intendent of Pike county, Illinois, said : "I am frequently asked to name a col- 
 lection of books for a school library. Whether the collection is to be a large or 
 a small one I always name Persimmons among the first." This is only one of 
 scores of testimonials from nearly every state in the Union. Professor Butler 
 was a charter member of the Schoolmasters' Club, which has done much toward 
 shaping the educational policy pursued in the northern part of the state. He 
 is recognized as an able institute instructor and in 1911 was chosen to teach 
 advanced-grade reading at the teachers' institute of Knox county. 
 
 On the I5th of June, 1871, Professor Butler was united in marriage to Miss 
 Eliza H. Eaton, of Stonington, Christian county, Illinois, by whom he had three 
 
788 HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY - , v 
 
 children, one son and two daughters. The son and one of the daughters are now 
 deceased. Gazelle is the widow of Frank B. Newell and resides at home. 
 
 Professor Butler gives his political allegiance to the republican party, where 
 national questions and issues are involved, but at local elections casts an inde- 
 pendent ballot. Fraternally he is identified with the Masons, belonging to 
 Abingdon Lodge, No. 185, A. F. & A. M. He is a member of the official board 
 of the Methodist Episcopal church, to which his wife also belongs. Association 
 with him means elevation and expansion, for his interests have always been in 
 touch with those broadening processes which bring a wider, higher knowledge 
 of life and enable the individual to place a correct valuation upon the things 
 which go to make up life's activities and interests. 
 
 . : V : ;^ A. S. POTTER. ; ;. . 
 
 . A. S. Potter, who is cashier of the First National Bank, is a native son and 
 a representative of one of Maquon's pioneer families. His birth occurred on 
 May 31, 1862, his parents being Dr. Alvin H. and Eliza (Moore) Potter. They 
 were the parents of two sons, of whom our subject is the elder, the other, A. G., 
 now being a resident of Oklahoma. The latter married Miss Hattie Simpkins, 
 a daughter of Dean and Harriet Simpkins, who at that time were residents of 
 Knox county, but now make their home in Oklahoma. Mr. and Mrs. A. G. Pot- 
 ter also have two sons : Alvin, who married Miss Iva Simpkins, a daughter of 
 G. L. and Jane Simpkins, and has two children ; and Forrest.. Dr. Potter came 
 to Maquon in his early manhood and engaged in the practice of medicine, con- 
 tinuing to be actively identified with this profession for about forty years. His 
 demise occurred in this town, where he had resided for many years, when he 
 was about sixty-five. : / \ ^ .: '- '. I .: 
 
 Reared at home, A. S. Potter spent his boyhood and youth in Maquon, obtain- 
 ing his education in the public schools. In his sixteenth year he left the parental 
 roof and went to Osceola, Nebraska, where he began his business career as a 
 clerk in a mercantile house. He subsequently became the owner of this estab- 
 lishment, spending nineteen years in the business, as employe and proprietor. 
 Mr. Potter took an active and helpful interest in the public life of the western 
 town where he resided for so long, later spending four years as deputy in the 
 office of the county clerk and two in that of the county treasurer of Buffalo 
 county, Nebraska, while for three years he was city assessor of Kearney, Ne- 
 braska. In 1895 he returned to Maquon and during the succeeding five years; 
 turned his energies to farming. In 1900 he again became identified with mer- 
 cantile pursuits, when he took the position of cashier of the First National Bank, 
 prior to which he had been one of the directors of this institution. 1. ';".: 
 
 For his wife Mr. Potter chose Miss Mauda E. Housh, a daughter of James 
 O. and Ann Eliza (Strong) Housh, residents of Knox county. Unto Mr. and 
 Mrs. Potter there have been born four children : Lydia Garnett, who married 
 DeWitt DePue, of this county; Oliver Sheldon, who is living in southern 
 Texas; Florence Ethyl; and Opal, both of whom are living at home. . 
 
; :^ ; HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY '' y^V: 789 
 
 Mr. Potter has always been a stanch republican, considering that the policy 
 :> of that party is best adapted to subserve the interests of the majority. Frater- 
 , nally he is a member of the Masonic order, Ancient Order of United Workmen 
 and the Modern Woodmen of America, while both he and his wife hold member- 
 ship in the Central Congregational church, in the work of which they take an 
 ' earnest interest. :.;:;.' .".-''' 'V'^ -';''.;'' - :-:":^--.' "-'.' 
 
 - ' ^^.' -';::' -^ :::...::.;-'' w. G. LEHMAN. ..-^- '..' . '/.-.: ^"' >;..: 
 
 W. G. Lehman, who has ably filled the office of postmaster of Yates City 
 since October i; 1897, is one of the spirited and ambitious business men of Knox 
 county, having an active interest in a number of flourishing enterprises which 
 advance the well-being and the commercial standing of the community. He is 
 the proprietor of a general store carrying staple articles, school supplies and 
 feed. In addition to this business he is one of the men who were chiefly instru- 
 mental in securing the installment of a local telephone exchange, operating under 
 the name Ideal Telephone, of which he is the director and manager. This com- 
 pany was organized September, 1901, beginning with sixty-five members. From 
 the sixty-five telephones which they put in at that time they have expanded their 
 territory until now they have one hundred and eighty-five telephones on their 
 system and are connected with the Bell Telephone and the local exchange cover- 
 ing the surrounding country. Mr. Lehman was educated in the public schools 
 and attended business college at Quincy, Illinois, but his real training he re- 
 ceived under Mr. -Garrison of Yates City, whose good judgment and progressive 
 methods gave him his keen insight into the practical ways of conducting business. 
 He has an up-to-date store that bespeaks prosperity and employs three clerks, 
 his wife assisting also in the store and the postoffice. 
 
 Mr. Lehman was married to Miss Stella M. Boyes, a native of Yates City 
 and a daughter of Robert Boyes. They are the parents of one child, Lloyd B., 
 who lives at home. In his political sympathies Mr. Lehman is a republican and 
 has been elected to the office of town clerk for two terms and has served as mayor 
 for one term. He is a man of energetic temperament not afraid to take a hazard 
 in a business venture and through the exercise of good judgment has made a 
 success of whatever he undertook. ;v' .'-= "''.' -':.' ':.: ' ' ^.- ' :^ 
 
 ^ " V :? THOMAS A. CLARK, v y:X^^r:->' 
 
 The late Thomas A. Clark, who for many years was successfully identified 
 with the agricultural interests of Knox county, was born in the vicinity of Gil- 
 son, in September, 1847, and was a son of the Rev. W. M. Clark. ' 
 
 The youngest son in the family, Thomas A. Qark was reared at home, 
 obtaining his preliminary education in the public schools of this county after 
 which he pursued a course at Hedding College. After the completion of his 
 education he turned his attention to agricultural pursuits, locating on the farm 
 
790 HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY ,,j 
 
 that his widow now owns. This contained three hundred and twenty acres of 
 land, well improved and highly cultivated. Here Mr. Clark successfully engaged 
 in general farming and stock-raising until his demise in 1900, being considered , 
 one of the most capable and efficient agriculturists in the community. He was 
 widely known and highly esteemed, possessing those personal qualities that 
 enabled him not only to win but retain the respect and regard of those with 
 whom he came in contact. 
 
 For his wife and helpmate, Mr. Clark chose Mrs. Salina Thurman, a daugh- 
 ter of P. Selby. She was the widow of Franklin Thurman, by whom she had 
 two children : Mary, who married Elmer Kromer and is living in Maquon ; and 
 Florence, who is living in Alabama. Of the marriage of Mr. and Mrs. Clark 
 there were born four children : Jean, the wife of Charles Burnside, of Maquon ; 
 William E. and Kathryn, both of whom are at home ; and Fred A., who is living 
 in Idaho. ~ ' '. > ; '-;'-.'::;- :"l- v 
 
 Mr. Clark was a republican in politics and always took an active interest in 
 all township affairs, having served as road commissioner and in some of the 
 other township offices. Fraternally he belonged to the Knights of Pythias and 
 in faith he was a Methodist, his widow also being a member of that church. 
 Mrs. Clark still owns two hundred and forty acres of their farm which she now 
 rents, having moved to Maquon and built a nice residence in 1904 and has ever 
 since made this her home. Mr. Clark was one of those who so strongly impress 
 their personality upon the community in which they reside that they are not readily 
 forgotten and although more than a decade has passed since his death, he is often 
 thought of and kindly mentioned by those who knew him well and held him in 
 high regard in Maquon township, where he so long resided. 
 
 -.v:..;*:;^'^""- ' . M. S. LEMON. \:,'7': 
 
 Among those who contributed to the agricultural growth and development of 
 Knox county, M. S. Lemon must be given a prominent place since his energy 
 and zeal were devoted to the cultivation of the fields for a period of forty-two 
 years. He was born August i, 1847, '" Highland county, Ohio, and is a son 
 of Samuel and Nancy (Shields) Lemon, both natives of Pennsylvania. The 
 father was a farmer all his life and died in Ohio in 1848, his wife departing 
 this life a year later. 
 
 Reared on the home farm M. S. Lemon obtained his education in the public 
 schools near by and began to assist his father when barely old enough to handle 
 a plow, remaining in Ohio until some time during the war when he enlisted in 
 the One Hundred and Sixty-eighth Ohio Volunteer Infantry, serving not quite 
 a full year. In 1865 he arrived in Galesburg, Illinois, and purchased eighty 
 acres of land in the county. This he improved and operated, increasing his 
 holdings by additional purchases until he now owns a tract of four hundred 
 and thirty acres. Through industry and thrift he transformed the raw prairie 
 land into a flourishing farm yielding abundant crops. He is progressive in his 
 methods and believes in utilizing the soil to its fullest extent, conforming to 
 scientific principles of intensive farming instead of the old-fashioned manner 
 
790 , HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY 
 
 that his \vi(lc)\v no\v owns. This contained three hundred and twenty acres of 
 land, well improved and highly cultivated. Here Mr. Clark successfully engaged 
 in general farming and stock-raising until his demise in ujoo, being considered 
 one of the most capable and efficient agriculturists in the community. He was 
 widely known and highly esteemed, possessing those personal qualities that 
 enabled him not only to win but retain the respect and regard of those with 
 whom he came in contact. 
 
 For his wife and helpmate, Mr. Clark chose Mrs. Salina Thurman, a daugh- 
 ter of P. Selby. She was the widow of Franklin Thurman, by whom she had 
 two children: Mary, who married Flmer Kromer and is living in !Maquon ; and 
 Florence, who is living in Alabama. Of the marriage of Mr. and Mrs. Clark 
 there were born four children: fean, the wife of Charles lUirnside, of Maquon ; 
 \\'i!liam F. and Kathryn, both of whom are at home ; and Fred A., who is living 
 in Idaho. . | ' 
 
 Mr. Clark was a rej)ublican in politics and always took an active interest in 
 all township affairs, having served as road commissioner and in some of the 
 other townshij) ofifices. I-Vaternalh- he belonged to the Knights of Pythias and 
 in faith he was a Methodist, his widow also being a member of that church. 
 Mrs. Clark still owns two hundred and forty acres of their farm which she now 
 rents, having moved to Macjuon and built a nice residence in 1904 and has ever 
 since made this her home. Mr. Clark was one of those who so strongly impress 
 their personality upon the community in which they reside that they are not readily 
 forgotten and although more than a decade has passed since his death, he is often 
 thought of and kindly mentioned by those who knew him well and held him in 
 high regard in Ma(|uon township, where he so long resided. 
 
 ' :^ M. S. LFMOX. . : : 
 
 Among those who contributed to the agricultural growth and development of 
 Knox county, M. S. Lemon must be given a prominent place since his energy 
 and zeal were devoted to the cultivation of the fields for a period of forty-two 
 years. He was born August T, 1847, in Highland county, Ohio, and is a son 
 of Samuel and Xancy ( Shields) Lemon, botb natives of Pennsylvania. The 
 father was a farmer all his life and died in Ohio in 1848, his wife departing 
 this life a year later. 
 
 Reared on the home farm M. S. Lemon obtained his education in the public 
 schools near by and began to assist his father when barely old enough to handle 
 a plow, remaining in Ohio luitil some time during the war when he enlisted in 
 the One Hundred and Sixty-eighth Ohio \'olunteer Infantry, serving not cjuite 
 a full year. In 1865 he arrived in Galesburg, Illinois, and purchased eighty 
 acres of land in the county. This he improved and operated, increasing his 
 holdings by additional purchases until he now owns a tract of four hundred 
 and thirty acres. Through industry and thrift he transformed the raw prairie 
 land into a flourishing farm yielding abundant crops. He is ])rogressive in his 
 methods and believes in utilizing the soil to its fullest extent, conforming to 
 scientific principles of intensive farming instead of the old-fashioned manner 
 
X. 
 
/>:.::;:; HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY ^ 793 
 
 . .; ..r:.> ;;::>:.; -,i .. . -.^:;^ ^v- 
 
 of operating land with much wastefulness and without regard for the future 
 possibility of exhausting the soil. Four years ago he retired from active work 
 upon his place, giving the management of it to his son. 
 
 On March i, 1871, at Galesburg, Illinois, Mr. Lemon was united in the 
 bonds of wedlock to Miss Mary E. Whitfield, a daughter of John and Eliza- 
 beth (Thurwell) Whitfield, both natives of England. They came to America 
 and settled in Pennsylvania where the father, who was a boiler maker, died 
 before he reached middle life. His widow left alone with the task of bringing 
 tip two children came to Knox county and settled on a farm. 
 
 In the family of Mr. and Mrs. Lemon are seven children : Nancy, who mar- 
 ried Arthur Coolidge, a farmer in Iowa and has two children, Horace and 
 Phillip ; Ruth ; Fannie, a graduate of business college, who lives at home ; Louis ; 
 Grace and Alice, both high-school graduates ; and Stella. Being a veteran of 
 the Civil war Mr. Lemon is an enthusiastic member of the Galesburg Post of 
 the G. A. R. He is a mild-mannered man of genial temperament making friends 
 easily and keeping them because he is big-hearted and loyal, always ready to 
 lend his aid to those who may need it. c;'' Jr^-: 'vy . V'.v;:^>;- 
 
 -""''-^^ :/ ."'/: ..:- J. W. BRIGGS. ^'f^'^V .-... '. '.-:; ^v;'; i-^,,.-;; 
 
 The late J. W. Briggs, who was one of Maquon's successful business men 
 as well as extensive land owners, his holdings aggregating over fifteen hundred 
 acres at the time of his demise, was a native of the state of New York. 
 
 He was essentially a self-made man, having arrived in Illinois at the age of 
 thirty years with a capital of fifty cents. He was a tinner by trade, hard-work- 
 ing and enterprising as well as ambitious, and subsequently had the means to 
 engage in the livery business, being one of the pioneer livery men of the town. 
 Success in the life of the average man is largely a question of being able to 
 recognize opportunities and to dominate conditions as the advantages afforded 
 are the same in many instances. The essential factors in the success of J. W. 
 Briggs was his ability to anticipate contingencies and so apply his energies as 
 to realize the greatest possible benefit that might accrue therefrom. He dealt 
 extensively in live stock, this proving to be a very profitable source of revenue, 
 and as he was able, from time to time invested his capital in farms, until he 
 had acquired fifteen hundred acres of land. Since his death this has been 
 divided among his widow and children, Mrs. Briggs' portion being three hundred 
 acres, which she is now renting. 
 
 Mr. Briggs married Miss Priscilla Jones, a daughter of Peter and Sallie 
 Jones, who came to Illinois from Pennsylvania when Mrs. Briggs was a girl of 
 thirteen years. Here she grew to womanhood, becoming the wife of J. W. 
 Briggs in 1860, when she was seventeen years of age. Mr. Jones, who always 
 engaged in farming in Pennsylvania, was injured in a railroad strike soon after 
 locating here and subsequently died from the effects. Eight children were born 
 unto Mr. and Mrs. Jones, four of whom are deceased. The family of Mr. and 
 Mrs. Briggs numbered three. Ida, who is living in Galesburg, married William 
 Cauflfman, a farmer, and has six children, Nina, Harry, Kate, Maud, Briggs and 
 
794 HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY 
 
 Samuel. Charles, who is conducting the livery formerly owned by his father in 
 addition to which he has a fine farm, is soon going west. He married Lizzie 
 Combs and has one son, Judson. Frank, who engages in farming in Maquon 
 township married Clara Ouderkirk of this county, and has two children. Faith 
 and Paul. 
 
 Mr. Briggs was an out-and-out republican and a stanch adherent to his f>arty 
 and its policies, a faithful supporter of its candidates, devoting such of his time 
 to political matters as the development of his personal interests, in which he met 
 with such notable success, permitted of. His demise occurred in Maquon on the 
 22d of February, 1906. 
 
 /'^ ::,C;V-:^^--:: WILLIAM A. SPIES. :'?;^'-::^:v;-/.;3,.:-j,-..:. 
 
 Some men achieve success by a chance turn of fortune, some by an auspic- 
 ious combination of circumstances which makes their rise f)ossible, and some win 
 their laurels by dint of hard toil and intensive application. The success of Wil- 
 liam A. Spies, president of the Abingdon Wagon Company, may be said to be 
 due in a measure to all of these. He was fortunate in his parentage, his father, 
 Adam B. Spies, founder of the wagon works, having been a man of rare organiz- 
 ing genius and administrative capacity along industrial lines. He was also for- 
 tunate in having his father blaze the trail before him. But William A. Spies* 
 success is due to something more than ancestral heritage and the fact that the 
 wagon industry was bound to flourish in a rapidly growing agricultural state 
 like Illinois. In the wisdom of the ages he found the solution o.f his life's prob- 
 lem and following the old adage to learn one thing and learn that thoroughly, 
 mastering every detail of the work, he followed in his father's footsteps and 
 chose for this purpose the science of making wagons. No department of the 
 trade was too mean or too unimportant for his attention, but giving himself 
 wholly and enthusiastically to the work, he mounted in his calling with such ex- 
 ceptional celerity that, in 1895 when the present factory was erected and the 
 company was reorganized, at the age of twenty-two years he won his well- 
 merited reward in being chosen for the presidency of the company, a position 
 which he has occupied ever since. 
 
 William A. Spies was born in Sterling, Illinois, on April 14, 1873. His father 
 Adam B. Spies, Sr., a native of Germany, came to this country in 1852, when 
 a boy of fourteen, his parents locating in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, where his 
 father, also named Adam, followed his trade as a stone mason. After living 
 there four or five years the family came westward and settled on a farm in 
 Whiteside county, Illinois, where William Spies' grandfather engaged in agri- 
 culture. His father, then a young man in his twentieth year, had, during their 
 residence in Philadelphia, served an apprenticeship at the wagon-maker's trade 
 and now, after the family's removal to Illinois, served as a journeyman wagon 
 maker in Sterling for about two years. He then opened a general repair shop 
 in Sterling and in 1865 he began making farm wagons for the trade. The demand 
 for these was so great that he was called upon to enlarge and improve his facili- 
 ties until from small beginnings there g^ew a large and prosperous manufacturing 
 
T/^;;: HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY ; ;V^^ 795 
 
 plant. In 1891 the factory burned, and in place of rebuilding on the old site 
 which had become insufficient for their purposes, the works were transferred to 
 Abingdon, where a new and modemly equipped plant was built and put into 
 operation in 1895. Upon the reorganization of the company, A. B. Spies, wish- 
 ing to lay aside the too exacting cares and responsibilities as the chief director, 
 passed the reins of management to his son William. How creditably the new 
 trust was assumed by the young man may be seen in the rapid development and 
 expansion of the firm's output. The capacity of the plant is about fifteen thou- 
 sand vehicles annually and, equipped with excellent shipping facilities on the 
 Chicago, Burlington & Quincy and the Iowa Central Railways, it constitutes one 
 of the most important factors in the industrial life of this section of the country. 
 After the company's incorporation under a new name, A. B. Spies, Sr., did not 
 sever his connections with the establishment of which he was the founder, but 
 continued to take an active part in its affairs until his death in 1907. His wife 
 had departed this life in 1895, twelve years earlier. 
 
 William A. Spies was educated in the public schools of Sterling. Even when 
 a boy he evinced great love for the work carried on in his father's shop, where 
 he spent most of his spare moments, thus absorbing many of the intricacies of 
 the wag^n-maker's trade with which he had practically grown up. For this rea- 
 son, when the time came for him to assume responsibilities, he was ready to 
 discharge his duties with the forethought and assurance that results from a 
 thorough knowledge of the details of his business. ; 
 
 Mrs. William A. Spies was formerly Miss Blanche Johnston of Abingdon, 
 the daughter of Merrick Johnston now residing in Chicago. Her marriage to 
 Mr. Spies occurred in 1896. One son was born of this union, William A. Spies, 
 Jr. Mr. and Mrs. Spies are active workers and influential members of the 
 Universalist church and had no small share in bringing about the fulfillment 
 of the project long desired by the congregation, the erection of a new church 
 upon which work is to be commenced this fall. In his political allegiance Mr. 
 Spies is a republican. Fraternal circles know him as an active worker in Abing- 
 don Lodge, No. 185, A. F. & A. M. and the Galesburg Lodge of the Benevolent 
 Protective Order of Elks. In the industrial and commercial affairs of his com- 
 munity he occupies a leading position and no one is regarded with more esteem 
 for his straightforward, unequivocal method of conducting his business. 
 
 . '''''^ ' :' ' ' ,..'^::':-':-\^-y\: L. w. BENSON. ''.v;-..:'r".,- ';'; '' :'-^t^-:o'' ^."*:--:'^^ 
 
 L. W. Benson, who passed away September 23, 1907, was for many years 
 actively identified with the agricultural interests of Maquon township. He was 
 a native of Green Briar county, Virginia, one of the eight children born of the 
 marriage of Thomas P. and Maria (Sneidger) Benson, also natives of Green 
 Briar county, where they were reared and married. In 1836 they came to Illi- 
 nois, locating on a farm in Haw Creek township, to the cultivation of which Mr. 
 Benson devoted his energies for many years, but he was living in Maquon when 
 he passed away, his demise occurring at the venerable age of eighty-four years. 
 
796 . HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY 
 
 The greater part of the life of L. W. Benson was spent in Knox county, 
 in whose common schools he was educated. While pursuing his studies he also 
 assisted his father in the operation of the home farm, his duties and responsibili- 
 ties increasing from time to time in accordance with his development. With 
 the discovery of gold in California and the marvelous stories of the wealth to 
 be found there, the youth decided to abandon farming and go to the new Eldo- 
 rado. He spent eight years prospecting in the mines of California, with but 
 little reward, so returned home and resumed agricultural pursuits. Upon his 
 return he purchased the farm of his father-in-law, Nelson Selby, but after six 
 years residence there removed to Maquon. At the time of his death he owned 
 fifty acres of productive land, twelve of which is still in the possession of his 
 widow. ^. ... ] ;;'-.:; ;,^ ' 
 
 For his wife Mr. Benson chose Miss Mahala Selby, a daughter of Nelson 
 Selby, who was a cloth manufacturer in Ohio, who came to Knox county in 1834, 
 engaging in agricultural pursuits. Of this union there were born four children. 
 Thomas P., the eldest, is deceased. Kathleen M., the deceased wife of Charles 
 Hoxworth was the mother of two children, Raymond and Lura E. Leven W.. 
 who is a roadmaster on the Chicago, Burlington & Quincy Railroad at Gales- 
 burg, married Elevan Stoke. Wade H., the youngest member of the family, is 
 a resident of the state of Washington. ^ ; , 1-:':^ 
 
 Mr. Benson affiliated with the Methodist Episcopal church of which his widow 
 is a member, and fraternally he was a Mason. His political support he gave 
 to the democratic party and for eight years most efficiently served his township 
 in the capacity of supervisor. ' ' - 
 
 r;X- ' DAVID CATION. :;:x:' U;; 
 
 David Cation, president of the First State Bank of Williamsfield and one of 
 the most prominent and influential business men of this part of the county, is 
 a native of Illinois, bom in Peoria county in June, 1856, and is a son of James 
 and Catherine (Gray) Cation, both of whom were born in Scotland. 
 
 Having been reared in the country, David Cation obtained his preliminary 
 education in the district schools of Peoria county and Elba township, Knox 
 county. This was later supplemented by study at Hedding College and he also 
 pursued a commercial course in Brown's Business College, thus better qualify- 
 ing himself for the practical duties of life. While attending school he also 
 assisted his father with the operation of the farm, and after laying aside his text- 
 books he devoted his summers to agricultural pursuits and his winters to teach- 
 ing. In i88i he went to Oregon, where he remained for nine years, being identi- 
 fied with wheat- raising and the lumber industry. In 1890 he returned to Knox 
 county, locating in Williamsfield, where he at once became associated with L. J. 
 Baird in the operation of a private bank, known as Bank of Williamsfield, with 
 L. J. Baird as president and himself as cashier. This institution was reorganized 
 in April, 1908, as a state bank with a capital stock of thirty thousand dollars. 
 David Cation first becoming vice president and later president of the new institu- 
 tion. Its officials have always been conservative business men of recognized stand- 
 
DAVID CATIOX 
 
. HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY . 
 
 The greater part of the hfe of L. \V. Benson was spent in Knox county, 
 in whose common scliools he was ethicated. While pursuing his studies he also 
 as>isted his father in the operation of the home farm, his duties and responsibili- 
 ties increasing from time to time in accordance with his development. \\'ith 
 the discovery of gold in California and the marvelous stories of the wealth to 
 be found there, the youth decided to abandon farming and go to the new Eldo- 
 rado. He spent eight years prospecting in the mines of California, with but 
 little reward, so returned home and resumed agricultural pursuits. Upon his 
 return he purchased the farm of his father-in-law, Xelson Selby. but after six 
 years residence there removed to Maquon. At the time of his death he owned 
 fifty acres of productive land, twelve of which is still in the possession of his 
 widow. - . I 
 
 For his wife Mr. Benson chose Miss Mahala Selby, a dattghter of Xelson 
 Selby, who was a cloth manufacturer in Ohio, who came to Knox county in 1834, 
 engaging in agricultural pursuits. Of this union there were born four children. 
 Thomas P., the eldest, is deceased. Kathleen M.. the deceased wife of Charles 
 Hoxworth was the mother of two children, Raymond and Lura F. Leven \V.. 
 who is a roadmaster on the Chicago. Burlington & Ouincy Railroad at Gales- 
 burg, married I-^levan Stoke. \\'ade 11.. the youngest member of thy family, is 
 a resident of the state of Washington. . '.' ! 
 
 Mr, Benson affiliated with the Afethodist Fpiscopal church of which his widow 
 is a member, and fraternally he was a Mason. His political sujiport he gave 
 to the democratic party and for eight years most efficiently served his 
 in the capacity of supervisor. 
 
 DAVID CATIOX. 
 
 David Cation, president of the First State Bank of Williamsfield and one of 
 the most prominent and influential business men of this part of the county, is 
 a native of Illinois, born in Peoria county in June, 1856, and is a son of James 
 and Catherine (Gray) Cation, both of whom were born in Scotland. 
 , Having been reared in the country, David Cation obtained his preliminary 
 education in the district sch(X>ls of Peoria county and Flba township, Knox 
 county. This was later su])plemented by study at Hedding College and he also 
 pursued a commercial course in Pirown's Business College, thus better qualify- 
 ing himself for the practical duties of life. While attending school he als<i 
 assisted his father with the oy:)eration of the farm, and after laying aside his text- 
 l)ooks he devoted his summers to agricultural pursuits and his winters to teach- 
 ing. In i88i he went to Oregon, where he remained for nine years, being identi- 
 fied with wheat-raising and the lumber industry. In 1890 he returned to Knox 
 county, locating in Williamsfield. where he at once became associated with L. J. 
 Baird in the operation of a private bank, known as P.ank of Williamsfield, with 
 T., J. Baird as president and himself as cashier. This institution was reorganized 
 in April, 1908, as a state bank with a capital stock of thirty thousand dollars. 
 David Cation first becoming vice president and later president of the new institu- 
 tion. Its officials have always been conservative business men of recognized stand- 
 
DAVID fATlOX 
 
HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY 801 
 
 ing and naturally the bank has flourished, being now one of the well established 
 financial institutions of the county. The present officers are : David Cation, pres- 
 ident; A. L. Harris, cashier; and J. D. Doubet, vice president, all widely known 
 and highly esteemed citizens of the community. 
 
 Mr. Cation has been twice married, his first union having been with Miss 
 Ella Barber, who passed away in 1905. Four children were bom to them, as fol- 
 lows: Russell and Mary, now deceased; James L., a fanner, who married Miss 
 Myrtle Tucker, a daughter of J. A. Tucker; and Catherine, who graduated from 
 : the Abingdon high school and is now attending' the State Normal. 
 
 In 1908 Mr. Cation married Miss Emhia Parker, of Williamsfield, who for 
 nine years was bookkeeper and assistant cashier in the bank and is a daughter 
 of George and Sallie Parker. Her parents take especial interest in advanced 
 farming and were the first in Truro township to make use of phosphates as 
 recommended by the State Agricultural College at Urbana. They also built the 
 first silo in the township and conduct their fanning on the cooperative plan, 
 furnishing the stock and tools, and sharing the profits with those who do the 
 actual work. 
 
 Mr. Cation manifests his religious faith through his membership in the 
 Methodist Episcopal church, and his political support he gives to the republican 
 party. He takes an active interest in local affairs and served for two years as 
 supervisor and for six as township treasurer, which office he still retains. He 
 is one of the progressive and public-spirited business men of his town, the de- 
 velopment of which he forwards on every possible occasion by giving his support 
 to every movement that he feels will promote the welfare of the community. 
 
 -:^':--',-^' ':".:. rv/- :' j. A. HENSLEY.. a/ :::.; :/. -.-;--^ :. '""v>^0 
 
 J. A. Hensley, for many years justice of the peace in Yates City and a repre- 
 sentative of the mercantile interests, was born near Mount Sterling, Montgomery 
 county, Kentucky, October 15, 1844. His parents Evan S. and Amis (Ander-r 
 son) Hensley were both natives of Kentucky. The grandfather, Elijah Hensley, - 
 came from Virginia to Kentucky at an early date and died when J. A. Hensley 
 was but a small boy; the grandmother survived her husband for many years 
 and passed away during our subject's early manhood. When the convulsions of 
 the great war were rending the usual peace and quiet of Kentucky, his father, 
 Evan S. Hensley, removed his family to Illinois settling in Elba township, Knox 
 county, in 1864. There he lived, engaged in the pursuits of farming, until his 
 death, caused by typhoid fever, at the age of sixty-one years. His mother, who 
 was a daughter of James Anderson, died at the age of eighty-four years, both 
 parents being buried in the cemetery at Yates City. Ten children grew to years 
 of maturity, of whom four are now living. They are : Julia A., the widow of 
 Nathan Williams, residing in Spokane, Washington; J. A. Hensley; Isabelle, the 
 wife of R. H. Taber, residing in Portland, Oregon; and Charlotte, the widow of 
 L. A. Thomas, residing in Kansas City, Missouri. The deceased are: Emily,;; 
 who was the wife of Elijah Shubert, of Council Bluffs, Iowa; Dr. J. W. Hen- 
 sley, who died in Peoria, Illinois, where he was practicing medicine; Dr. Joseph 
 
 Vol. n 36 . 
 
HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY 801 
 
 ing and naturally the bank has flourished, being now one of the well established 
 financial institutions of the county. The present officers are : David Cation, pres- 
 ident; A. L. Harris, cashier; and J. D. Doubet, vice president, all widely known 
 and highly esteemed citizens of the community. 
 
 Mr. Cation has been twice married, his first union having been with Miss 
 Ella Barber, who passed away in 1905. Four children were bom to them, as fol- 
 lows : Russell and Mary, now deceased ; James L., a farmer, who married Miss 
 Myrtle Tucker, a daughter of J. A. Tucker ; and Catherine, who graduated from 
 the Abingdon high school and is now attending' the State Normal. 
 
 In 1908 Mr. Cation married Miss Emhia Parker, of Williamsfield, who for 
 nine years was bookkeeper and assistant cashier in the bank and is a daughter 
 of George and Sallie Parker. Her parents take especial interest in advanced 
 farming and were the first in Truro township to make use of phosphates as 
 recommended by the State Agricultural College at Urbana. They also built the 
 first silo in the township and conduct their farming on the cooperative plan, 
 furnishing the stock and tools, and stharing the profits with those who do the 
 actual work. 
 
 Mr. Cation manifests his religious faith through his membership in the 
 Methodist Episcopal church, and his political support he gives to the republican 
 party. He takes an active interest in local affairs and served for two years as 
 supervisor and for six as township treasurer, which office he still retains. He 
 is one of the progressive and public-spirited business men of his town, the de- 
 velopment of which he forwards on every possible occasion by giving his support 
 to every movement that he feels will promote the welfare of the community. 
 
 t'-..0 '." ' ::/ ::, ^:-.-;vr j. A. HENSLEY. :S.: .. .:.": .'^v^ :.-. %.;^r..- 
 
 J. A. Hensley, for many years justice of the peace in Yates City and a repre- 
 sentative of the mercantile interests, was born near Mount Sterling, Montgomery 
 county, Kentucky, October 15, 1844. His parents Evan S. and Amis (Ander- 
 son) Hensley were both natives of Kentucky. The grandfather, Elijah Hensley, 
 came from Virginia to Kentucky at an early date and died when J. A. Hensley 
 was but a small boy ; the grandmother survived her husband for many years 
 and passed away during our subject's early manhood. When the convulsions of 
 the great war were rending the usual peace and quiet of Kentucky, his father, 
 Evan S. Hensley, removed his family to Illinois settling in Elba township. Knox 
 county, in 1864. There he lived, engaged in the pursuits of farming, until his 
 death, caused by typhoid fever, at the age of sixty-one years. His mother, who 
 was a daughter of James Anderson, died at the age of eighty-four years, both 
 parents being buried in the cemetery at Yates City. Ten children grew to years 
 of maturity, of whom four are now living. They are : Julia A., the widow of 
 Nathan Williams, residing in Spokane, Washington ; J. A. Hensley ; Isabelle, the 
 wife of R. H. Taber, residing in Portland, Oregon ; and Charlotte, the widow of 
 L. A. Thomas, residing in Kansas City, Missouri. The deceased are: Emily, 
 who was the wife of Elijah Shubert, of Council Bluffs, Iowa ; Dr. J. W. Hen- 
 sley, who died in Peoria, Illinois, where he was practicing medicine ; Dr. Joseph 
 
 Vi\l Tl Qft '" .-_ -'-" ':"';- /.' ''', 
 
 Vol. n 36 
 
802 HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY ' 
 
 .: '.' 'i'l-' . 
 
 Hensley, who died in Oklahoma City, where he was a physician ; W. D. Hensley, 
 a member of the Twenty-fourth Kentucky Regiment, who died in the army of 
 measles ; Sarah C., who remained unmarried ; and Ella, .who was the wife of 
 J. M. Ewalt, of Yates City. \ v^ . : :' ^ - : I "J^. /. 
 
 During his boyhood J. A. Hensley lived in Kentucky, where he obtained 
 most of his education completing his schooling in Elmwood, Peoria county, Illi- 
 nois. He was engaged in farming in Kentucky, when he resolved to enter the 
 army and accordingly enlisted in Company B, One Hundred and Fifty-first Regi- 
 ment of the Illinois Volunteer Infantry, and served with honor for one year. 
 
 Not only in times of war did J. 'A. Hensley render valuable service to his 
 country, however, but in times of peace he has performed his duties in the ad- 
 ministration of public office, since in his long continued position as justice of the 
 peace in Yates City, he has contributed to the maintenance of order and propriety 
 in his community. He has served in this capacity ever since 1884 with the ex- 
 ception of four years, from 1889 to 1893 under Harrison's administration, when 
 he was postmaster of Yates City. In 1897 he engaged in the grocery business 
 and opened a store of his own which he managed with much success until the 
 year 1908, when he sold out to D. M. Enochs. He has, furthermore, repre- 
 sented for the past twenty-eight years the Fire Association of Philadelphia, Penn- 
 sylvania, insuring for fire and lightning. In his appointment to the position ot 
 notary public he is empowered to use the official seal in many legal transactions. 
 A man of force and executive ability, he has been able to follow many interests 
 and perform with credit the duties that have devolved upon him in his public 
 and private capacity. 
 
 Mr. Hensley was united in the bonds of matrimony, on August 19, 1869, 
 to Miss Sarah A. Enochs a native of Shellsburg, Jo Daviess county, Illinois, who 
 has been to him an able helpmate and a true wife, all of these years. Her father, 
 Samuel D. Enochs, was born in Belleville St. Qaire county, Illinois, and was 
 a carpenter by trade, pursuing agricultural interests during the later years of his 
 life. He served in the Black Hawk war, in which he distinguished himself for 
 bravery, and throughout his life gave himself loyally to the principles of 
 democracy. He was for a time a school director in the earlier days of Yates 
 City, being a resident of that place. His death occurred at the age of sixty-eight 
 years and nine months, and he was buried in the cemetery at Yates City. His 
 wife, Mrs. Sarah (White) Enochs was a daughter of Thomas and Mary (Den- 
 ton) White of Virginia. She makes her home with her daughter, Mrs. J. A. 
 Hensley, and is one of the oldest women living in this part of Knox county, 
 being in her ninety-fifth year. Throughout her life when not hampered by ill- 
 health, Mrs. Enochs was an active worker for the cause of temperance and in 
 the Methodist Episcopal church, of which she is a member. Since 1903, how- 
 ever, her activities have been interrupted and she is now an invalid, her infirmities 
 resulting from a fracture of the hip caused by a fall. She is the mother of eight 
 children, of whom Mrs. Hensley is the only girl, beside one sister, who died in 
 infancy. Of the six sons none is residing in Knox county. Mrs. Enochs receives 
 a pension from the government for her husband's service in the Black Hawk 
 war and has the distinction of being the only one in Yates City accorded this 
 privilege of all those surviving, who were dependent on men that risked their 
 lives in that war. . ... .' 
 
' - - HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY v- 803 
 
 ' ' ".. -''.'.-,--'.-' . - ..* . - 
 
 - ' In national affairs Mr. Hensley is a democrat while in local politics he is 
 independent, voting for the candidate whom he considers best qualified to fill 
 the respective office. In his fraternal relations he is connected with the Masons 
 and the Odd Fellows, his membership in the former being with Yates City Lodge, 
 No. 444, and in the latter with Yates City Lodge, No. 370, in which he holds the 
 office of treasurer. He is a Presbyterian in faith and is a trustee of the Yates 
 City Presbyterian church. As a veteran of the Civil war he is an enthusiastic 
 member of Morgan L. Smith Post, No. 666, G. A. R., in which he has held the 
 office of adjutant and quartermaster for a number of years. He is likewise one 
 of the directprs of the Harvest Home Association of Yates City. In their pleas- 
 ant home on West Main and Marietta streets Mr. and [Mrs. Hensley often gather 
 about them an interesting group of friends and relatives who are sincerely 
 devoted to them for their hospitality and good-will towards all. -..;-,./; 
 
 - -','' v\^;\.,,. ;;;;i:' -:-/;:.;, : w. w. HARLER. .;>;';:-:.:' '; .;: V^f- :;:;'./ s-:- 
 
 W. w. Harler is one of Knox county's agriculturists, who, by reason of his 
 energy and industry, has acquired the means to enable him to spend his latter 
 years in the ease and comfort that justly belong to every well spent life. He 
 laid aside the active work of the fields more than a year ago and is now living 
 retired in Maquon. He is a native of Huntington county. New Jersey, his birth 
 there occurring in 1844, while his parents were J. W. and Anna M. (Slack) 
 Harler, the father a native of Massachusetts and the mother of New Jersey. 
 J. W. Harler, who was a molder, removed with his wife and family to Illinois 
 in 1853, locating here on November 8. He was for many years employed in the 
 Peterson foundry, but was forced to withdraw from this employment during the 
 latter years of his life. He removed to Chippewa county, Minnesota, about 
 seven years prior to his death, which occurred at the age of seventy-two years. 
 The family of Mr. and Mrs. Harler numbered eight, six of whom are living. : 
 
 W. W. Harler was a lad of nine years when brought to Illinois with his 
 parents and has ever since been a resident of the state. He attended the com- 
 mon schools until he had acquired sufficient knowledge of the common branches 
 to enable him to begin his real life work, when he laid aside his text-books and 
 entered Peterson's foundry with his father. There he applied himself to the 
 mastery of the molder's trade but never followed it, subsequently turning his 
 attention to agricultural pursuits. He remained under the parental roof until 
 he was twenty-four years of age, at which time his father went to Minnesota to 
 make his home. Having gained a good practical knowledge of the principles of 
 general farming, he took a position as a farm hand, diligently applying himself 
 to this work for the succeeding four years. During that period by reason of 
 his unremitting energy and thrift he acquired enough capital to establish a 
 home of his own and after his marriage began farming as a renter. He con- 
 tinued in this way until 1889. when he invested the capital he had acquired in 
 one hundred and forty acres of land in Maquon township. The cultivation and 
 improvement of this land engaged his attention imtil 1910, when he turned the 
 operation of his homestead over to his son and removed to Maquon, where he 
 
804 HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY -vl^r; I .-S 
 
 owns a comfortable residence. Mt. Harler diligently applied himself to the tilling 
 of his fields and the raising of cattle with growing success for many years, dur- 
 ing that time bringing his land into a high state of cultivation and making his 
 farm one of the valuable properties of the district. When he bought his place 
 it was unimproved, but as the years passed he made such annual expenditures 
 as he was able from time to time until it now contains good, substantially con- 
 structed barns and outbuildings, serviceable fences and a comfortable residence. 
 He also effected many minor changes during the period of his occupancy that 
 added greatly both to the appearance and value of the property. 
 
 For his wife Mr. Harler chose Miss Lizzie White of Fairview.and they be- 
 came the parents of three children : Idella, who married Arthur Addis of this 
 county and has four children. Pearl, Cecil, Fred and Irene; A. C., living on his 
 father's homestead, who married Minnie Agers and has three children, Mildred, 
 Wilson and John ; and Myrtle, who married Floyd Selby and has three children, 
 Fred, Helen and Grace. 
 
 Mr. Harler has always voted with the republican party, and has held the 
 offices of commissioner, justice of the peace and constable, serving with effi- 
 ciency in each capacity. In matters fraternal he has never been identified with 
 any organization save the Independent Order of Odd Fellows, the principles of 
 which body have been very influential in directing his life. Mr. Harler is one 
 of those to whom success came as the result of unremitting and persistent 
 endeavor, and such ease and comfort as is now permitted himself and wife by 
 reason of the competence they have acquired is the well merited reward of years 
 of toil and self-denial. -.''... 
 
 GEORGE L. HAGAN. : 
 
 George L. Hagan, cashier of the State Bank of St. Augxtstine, began his 
 career as a farmer, following the pursuit in which his father had met with much 
 success before him. Born in Knox county, Illinois, on the 2ist of May, 1858, 
 he was one of a large family of children. His grandparents lived in Maryland 
 and were of Irish extraction. His parents were natives of Kentucky, the father 
 George Henderson Hagan, having come to Indian Point township. Knox county. 
 Illinois, in 1841, where he continued to live until his death April i, 1898. During 
 this time he saw the raw prairie of the surrounding country converted into fine 
 farms and rich pastures, and with his own industry and thrift contributed in no 
 slight degree to the agricultural prosperity. He married Miss Teresa Onan, 
 whose parents came from Kentucky and located in Indian Point township in 
 1841, the same year in which his parents had come to this place. Mr. and Mrs. 
 Hagan were the parents of eleven children. The order of their birth was as 
 follows : Frances, Wallace, Robert, two Carolines and William, all of whom 
 are deceased ; George L., the subject of this sketch ; H. Albert, who is living on 
 his homestead northeast of St. Augustine ; Henson, a twin brother of H. Albert 
 and Charles, both deceased ; and Blanche, who has also passed away. Mrs. Hagan 
 died in 1907, nine years after her husband, and was buried by his side in the 
 
-};--/;:; HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY ;;: 805 
 
 old town cemetery in Fulton county, Illinois, with the rites of the Catholic church 
 to which they had belonged. 
 
 George L. Hagan, the seventh child, was educated at the district school of 
 Pleasant Valley and for one year attended Notre Dame University of Indiana. 
 He then came home and engaged in farming, which occupation he followed until 
 1905, when he removed to St. Augustine, where he became cashier of the State 
 Bank, of which Oron Latimer is the president. He also conducts business in real 
 estate and life insurance, and, in partnership with his brother, owns the home 
 farm of two hundred acres. 
 
 In 1889 he was married to Miss Linnie Jennings. In politics he is a stanch 
 democrat, thus following the political inclinations of his father. He is an asses- .- 
 sor of Indian Point township, a position which he has held for ten years. Devo- 
 tion to work and adherence to the principles of integrity, the characteristics which 
 won for Mr. Hagan success in his agricultural career now distinguish him as an 
 able business man in financial circles in his community. * . 
 
 :' ':..^:-. ...;.--'--:.;'/ H. A. HAGAN. v., ^:::- ' . / 
 
 H. A. Hagan, the brother of George L. Hagan, and eighth child of Mr. and 
 Mrs. George Henderson Hagan, lives a short distance northeast of St. Augustine, 
 where he is successfully engaged in agriculture. He was born in Indian Point 
 township, July i8, 1859, and was educated in the local district school. At the 
 age of thirty-two he left home and began farming on the place which he now 
 owns, two hundred acres on section 27, a valuable tract of land yielding abundant 
 annual crops. He was married in 1893 to Miss Kate O'Pray, born in Fulton 
 county, a daughter of Patrick and Mary (Daugerty). Their union was blessed 
 with eleven children namely: Mary, Teresa, Patrick, Frances, Katie, Lorina, 
 Maude, Jennie, Henderson, and the last two, who were twins, Ellen and Estelle, 
 all living at home. 
 
 In politics Mr. Hagan, like his father and brother gives his allegiance to the 
 democratic party, and his religious faith is indicated by his membership in the 
 Catholic church. Mr. and Mrs. Hagan are numbered among the substantial citi- . 
 zens of their community, where they have many friends. 
 
 ", : . : WILLIAM L. McGIRR. ,;: ;/-/'- 
 
 William L. McGirr, who is successfully engaged in agricultural pursuits in 
 Maquon township, where he owns a fine farm of one hundred and sixty acres, 
 is a native of Knox county. He is one of the six children born of the marriage 
 of Mahlon and Sarah L. (Barbero) McGirr, his natal day having been the 3ist 
 of July, 1863. His father was born in Stark county, Ohio, in 1828, and there 
 he learned and followed the blacksmith's trade until he was twenty-two. Feeling 
 a desire to create a place for himself in one of the newer western sections, then 
 being opened up, he came to Illinois, locating on a farm in Maquon township, 
 
806 V HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY '' ;;y;' 
 
 '' '*!''' ''-' 
 
 one-fifth interest in which is now held by our subject. There Mr. McGirr spent 
 the remainder of his life, devoting his energies to the cultivation of his home- 
 stead until his death at about the age of sixty-seven. 
 
 : Reared amid the environment of what at that time was largely a pioneer dis- 
 trict in the acquirement of his education W. L. McGirr attended the district 
 schools. After mastering the common branches, he laid aside his text-books, to 
 assume the heavier responsibilities of life. He began his career as carpenter 
 and after following this occupation for four years went to work for the railroad. 
 He gave this occupation up at the end of a year and went to Florida, where 
 he worked on a plantation for three years. At the expiration of that time he 
 returned to Illinois, where he has ever since been engaged in general agricultural 
 pursuits, and in 1903 he purchased his present farm located four miles south- 
 east of Maquon. He has wrought extensive improvements on this property 
 during the period of his occupancy, having erected a beautiful new residence, 
 thoroughly modern in all of its appointments, thus adding greatly to the attract- 
 iveness as well as value of the place. 
 
 ; Mr. McGirr's arrangements for a home of his own had their culmination 
 in his marriage to Miss Julia Murphy, a daughter of John and Catherine Mur- 
 phy, of Haw Creek township. Two children have been born of this union, 
 John Mahlon and Helen Kathleen. By means of his diligence and intelligence 
 in the direction of his affairs Mr. McGirr is meeting with constantly growing 
 success in the pursuit of his vocation, and now owns one of the finest farms 
 in his township. Although he meets the requirements of good citizenship at 
 election times, his time is nearly all taken up by the development of his personal 
 interests, leaving him no opportunity to actively engage in politics. He casts 
 an independent vote, giving his support to the men and measures he deems best 
 adapted to subserve the interests of the agriculturist, irrespective of party 
 affiliation. 
 
 '-; ; : SAMUEL SHIVES. .:; V ..:..: 
 
 '' ^ -- ' A ; ' , - ' . ' ... ^ ....''': C' 
 
 , In the death of Samuel Shives, in 1900, the ranks of the prosperous farmers 
 of Knox county suffered the loss of one, who for fifty years devoted himself 
 faithfully to the growth and development of the agricultural interests for which 
 this section of the country is known. A native of Fulton county, Pennsylvania, 
 his birth occurred January i, 1825. His parents were John and Susan (Miller) 
 Shives, both born in Pennsylvania, who lived in that state their entire lives. 
 
 Until he was twenty-five years of age Samuel Shives lived in the state in 
 which he was born, where he was educated and where he served his years of 
 apprenticeship in his calling, laying the foundation for that thorough knowl- 
 edge of agricultural pursuits which later enabled him to win for himself and 
 his family a generous competence. He settled in Knox county m 1850, making 
 his home one and one-half miles northeast of Yates City, where he began by 
 working in the employ of others on a monthly wage. Being interested in ma- 
 chinery he devoted himself for a time to the work of operating a threshing 
 machine and com sheller. After his marriage in 1866 he rented a farm in Elba 
 
: \, : V ; HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY -iP^ v 
 
 township from his father-in-law. Thirty-eight years ago this March, that is 
 in 1874, he bought the farm of eighty acres which is still owned by his widow, 
 and in addition to this his wife came into the possession of a farm comprising 
 eighty acres given to her by her father. The latter place Mrs. Shives sold last 
 winter. During the twenty-six years of his management of the farms Mr, 
 Shives carried on general fanning and stock-raising. He improved the land 
 greatly, built large, substantial buildings, and equipped the farm modernly 
 throughout. He was prosperous, winning his success by his untiring labors and 
 by strict adherence to honest business principles. 
 
 For his helpmate Samuel Shives chose Miss Martha Kightlinger, who was 
 born in Elba township. May i8, 1844, a daughter of Jacob and Maria (Bur- 
 field) Kightlinger, both natives of Pennsylvania. They settled in Knox county, 
 Illinois, at an early date. Land being held at low prices Mr. Kightlinger bought 
 large tracts of it, becoming an extensive landowner. He was a wealthy farmer 
 and before his death gave a farm to each of the children surviving of a family 
 of eleven. He died at the age of eighty-six and his wife has also passed away. 
 
 P'our children were born to Mr. and Mrs. Shives. Flora Estella, born 
 August 19, 1871, died October 23, 1880. Marion, bom January 23, 1873, is 
 married to Maud Thurman and lives north of Yates City. John, bom Novem- 
 ber 6, 1879, is married to Minnie German and lives in Elba township. He has 
 one child, Herman H. Mabel, born September 19, i88i, is the wife of Milo 
 Taggart, who operates the home farm. They are the parents of one child, 
 Lois Leola. ;,: ;; .-^. ' : - 
 
 In his political persuasion Mr. Shives was a democrat, standing "for the true 
 democracy that means equal opportunities for everybody. He served as collector 
 and assessor and was on the school board of his district for a period of twenty- 
 three years, working unselfishly for the advancement of the educational inter- 
 ests of his community. He was a kind man and generous, beloved by all who 
 knew him. 
 
 : . ; JESSE ELDRIDGE BARLOW. . '-^^ "'H: 
 
 Varied interests have engaged the attention of Jesse Eldridge Barlow, whose 
 comprehensive knowledge of the world of finance, sagacity and intelligent direc- 
 tion of his energies has enabled him to become recognized as one of the most 
 capable and influential business men of Abingdon. 
 
 Mr. Barlow was born on a farm in Warren county, this state, on May 31, 
 1862, his parents being Samuel and Margaret (Kinton) Barlow. They were 
 born and reared in Kentucky and there they were married in 1844, this union 
 being blessed by ten children. The father, who always engaged in farming, in 
 the early 'SGS brought his family to Warren county, locating in the vicinity of 
 Greenbush, where he resided until about 1886. He then withdrew from the 
 active work of the fields and removed to Abingdon, where he lived retired until 
 his death in 1899. The mother is still living at the venerable age of eighty- 
 six and now makes her home with her son Jesse. She is a woman possessed of 
 unusual mental and physical powers and accompanies the family on long auto- 
 
808 <:.:_: HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY -v;': 
 
 mobile trips, seemingly having the endurance of one twenty years her junior. 
 She is a member of the Methodist Episcopal church, as was also the father. : 
 Fraternally Mr. Barlow was a Mason, being a member of the chapter, while 
 politically he was a democrat. He was a man of high principles and un- 
 questionable integrity, whose loyalty and reliability won him the esteem of all 
 with whom he came in contact. 
 
 Jesse Fldridge Barlow was reared on the farm, where he was born, in the 
 operation of which he assisted while acquiring his preliminary education in the 
 district schools of the vicinity. He subsequently attended the Prairie City high 
 school and Hedding College, laying aside his text-books at the age of eighteen 
 years. During the following three years he followed the profession of teaching, 
 but being a most ambitious youth, this vocation did not afford him the oppor- 
 tunity to develop the latent business powers he had early given evidence of 
 possessing, nor did he deem its financial returns commensurate with his ability. 
 So upon attaining his majority he went to Fairfield, Nebraska, where he in- 
 vested his small capital and for three years thereafter was successfully iden- 
 tified with the mercantile interests of that town. At the end of that time he 
 became associated with Charles E. Faith in the hardware business in Goodland, 
 Kansas, for four years, at the same time being interested with his brothers, 
 Samuel Thomas and Charles Henry Barlow, in the operation of the Kansas 
 Banking Company, of that town. From there he went to Burlington. Colorado, 
 and having met with most excellent returns from his various business enter- 
 prises, he became one of the large stockholders of the State Bank of Burling- 
 ton. For four years thereafter he was the cashier and business manager of that 
 flourishing institution, which under his capable supervision soon became known 
 as one of the substantial and reliable banks of the state. In 1892 he disposed of 
 his stock and came to Abingdon, where he organized the Abingdon Safety 
 Bank, of which he was cashier for four years. At the expiration of that period 
 he severed his connection with this enterprise and devoted his entire attention 
 to the buying and selling of real estate and agricultural interests. Mr. Barlow is 
 the possessor of the most essential quality of success in any field of action, the 
 ability to recognize opportunities. This united with his confidence in his powers 
 has always given him the courage to act upon his convictions and so intelligently 
 direct his interests that invariably they have proven the wisdom of his foresight. 
 He now owns practically one thousand acres of as fertile and productive farming 
 land as is to be found in the state, his holdings being located in Knox, McDonough 
 and Fulton counties. ; :' ' 
 
 Mr. Barlow was married in 1893 to Miss Winnie Lucille Jolidon, of Elvas- 
 ton, Illinois. Two children were born of this union, Jesse Eldridge, Jr., who 
 died in infancy ; and Esther, who was a most interesting child of the age of four 
 and a half years when death overtook her. .{..'-." l':.v.- 
 
 Despite his extensive personal and business interests, Mr. Barlow has always 
 found the time to assist in the direction and management of those organizations 
 maintained for the public and general welfare. At the present time he is acting 
 as one of the stewards of the Methodist Episcopal church, of which both he 
 and his wife are earnest members, and he is a trustee and treasurer of Hed- 
 ding College, as well as a member of the board of directors of the public library 
 of Abingdon. Fraternally he is identified with the Masonic order, being a mem- 
 
^; - ;^ V ; HISTORr OF KNOX COUNTY ' ^ ^^^^ 809 
 
 her of a lodge in Colorado, and he belongs to Abingdon Lodge, No. 184, I. O. 
 O. F. ; the Modem Woodmen of America, Camp No. 446 ; and Achilles Lodge, 
 No. 373, K. of P., of Abingdon. In matters politic he is a democrat, but is 
 not strictly partisan and often times in local elections votes for other candidates, 
 believing in municipal affairs it is a question of the man best qualified to sub- 
 serve the interests of the community. Mr. Barlow is one of those whose suc- 
 cess can be attributed to inherent ability united with untiring energy, perseverance 
 and determination of purpose, qualities that ultimately win recognition when 
 intelligently and capably directed. 
 
 '';' '^;". ' ,.-.v-v:-''^''" ORLANDO PAYTON. ^v. ;''" ' . ' ^.^^f :'::":;-;.-':;;';';.:; 
 
 Orlando Payton has met with such excellent success in his agricultural pur- -v 
 suits that he has not only acquired a fine property of two hundred and forty 
 acres in Maquon and Salem townships, Knox county, but has extensive hold- 
 ings in North Dakota. He was born in Fulton county, Illinois, in March, 1853, 
 and is a son of James and Elizabeth (Alsberry) Payton, the father a native of 
 Arkansas and the mother of Indiana. James Payton was brought to Illinois , 
 from his native state when an infant and spent the remainder of his life in 
 Fulton and Peoria counties. He became a successful farmer and was an ex- 
 tensive landowner of the state at the time of his death, which occurred when 
 he was seventy-two. Of the five children born of the marriage of Mr. and 
 Mrs. Payton three are living: Orlando, the second in order of birth and our 
 subject; Matilda; and Malvina. Those deceased are John, the eldest; and 
 Artemus, the fourth in the order of birth. ' ';'.-'. 
 
 Pioneer conditions still prevailed in this section of the state at the time of 
 the birth of Orlando Payton, whose boyhood and youth were spent on his 
 father's farm. He pursued his education in the district schools of Fulton 
 county, while mastering the practical methods of agriculture under the direc- 
 tion of his father. He came to Knox county in his early manhood and worked , 
 as a farm hand, having been engaged in that capacity on his present homestead. 
 Persistent application and determination enabled him to acquire the means to 
 buy the place ultimately, and here he has ever since resided. He has owned 
 the property for twenty-eight years, during which period he has wrought many 
 and extensive improvements, having erected the majority of the buildings now 
 standing, while he has brought the land into a high state of cultivation. Here 
 he engages in general farming in connection with which he raises stock, meeting 
 with excellent success in both lines of the business. 
 
 For his wife Mr. Payton chose Miss Martha J. Young, a daughter of Wil- ^.. 
 Ham and Elizabeth (Gilmore) Young, also residents of Maquon township. Five .: 
 children have been born unto Mr. and Mrs. Payton : Ada E.. the wife of 
 Lewis Tasker, who is living on the old Young homestead ; Jessie, who is de- 
 ceased ; Mabel, who is at home ; Herman, who is assisting his father in the 
 operation of the farm ; and Mary, who is also living at home. There are three 
 grandchildren in the familv: Verne. Glenn and Ray, the children of Mrs. 
 Tasker, who lost a little daughter. Olive, and a babv. 
 
810 HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY 
 
 His political allegiance Mr. Payton gives to the democratic party, but has 
 never been an aspirant to official honors, although he has acted in the capacity 
 of school director. The success with which he has met in the conduct of his 
 affairs must be largely attributed to his inherent ability and unremitting energy. 
 The appearance of his homestead, located five miles southeast of Maquon, evi- 
 dences his skill as an agriculturist, as well as his business sagacity, which has 
 enabled him to increase his realty holdings by the addition of three hundred 
 and twenty acres of land in North Dakota. ,. v ' ;;. : 
 
 ; ^-: WILLIAM E. WARNER. : '; . ' 
 
 William E. Warner, a veteran of the Civil war and for many years a suc- 
 cessful carpenter in Knox county, was born in Clinton county, Indiana, June 
 8, 1841. He was the son of Asa H. and Hanna J. (Greene) Warner, both 
 natives of New York. His father, a cooper by trade, died in Indiana in 1844 
 when William E. Warner was three years old. His mother remarried and 
 . came to Knox county, Illinois, in 1845, settling in Rio township, where shTs 
 lived for four or five years. The family then removed to Iowa and from there 
 to Missouri and, in 1859, came back to Illinois, making their home in Henderson 
 township, Knox county. This remained the family home till a few years be- 
 fore the parents' death. His mother died in Nebraska and his stepfather in 
 Oregon. 
 
 In the district schools of the various localities where the family resided, 
 William E. Warner was given an education. When seventeen years of age he 
 went to Butler county, Iowa, and there enlisted in Company I, Third Iowa In- 
 fantry and, in April, i86i, was mustered into the service. He served until the 
 close of the war, being discharged at Louisville, July 12, 1865. The story of 
 his participation in the war and his accounts of important engagements in which 
 he took part, forms an interesting chapter in his history. In i86i his company 
 spent most of the time in Missouri chasing guerrilla parties and bushwhackers. 
 Erom Missouri they went to Illinois, to Cairo, and then up to Shiloh, where they 
 took part in the memorable battle of Peach Tree Creek. His company was 
 also present at the siege of Vicksburg which lasted forty-one days and took part 
 in the battle at Jackson where General Grant won a victory over the rebels 
 under General Johnston. After the war the young soldier came to his home in 
 Henderson township, Knox county, Illinois. He was twenty-five years old and 
 wishing to establish himself in a career, his choice fell on the carpenter's trade. 
 This he mastered and followed, working steadily until a few years ago when 
 he retired, making his home on the outskirts of Henderson village. 
 
 On June 13, 1866, William E. Warner was united in the bonds of matri- 
 mony to Mary Shepherd, a daughter of David and Martha (Eaton) Shepherd, 
 living near Brookville, Canada. Her mother came from England to America at 
 the age of thirteen years, lived for a time in Canada and there married David 
 Shepherd. They did not remain in Canada but came to Hancock county, Illinois, 
 where their daughter Mary was born June l6, 1844. The following year in 
 March, 1845, her family removed to Knox county, Illinois, where Mr. Shepherd, 
 
WILLIAM E. WARNKR 
 
810 HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY 
 
 His political allegiance Mr. Payton gives to the democratic party, but has 
 never been an aspirant to official honors, although he has acted in the capacity 
 of scliool director. The success with which he has met in the conduct of his 
 affairs must be largely attributed to his inherent ability and unremitting energy. 
 The appearance of his homestead, located five miles southeast of Maquon, evi- 
 dences his skill as an agriculturist, as well as his business sagacity, which has 
 enabled him to increase his realty holdings by the addition of three hundred 
 and twenty acres of land in North Dakota. 
 
 V WILLIAM E. WARNER. 
 
 William E. Warner, a veteran of the Civil war and for many years a suc- 
 cessful carpenter in Knox county, was born in Clinton county, Indiana, June 
 8, 1841. He was the son of Asa H. and Hanna J. (Greene) Warner, both 
 natives of New York. His fatlier. a coojier by trade, died in Indiana in 1844 
 when William E. Warner was three years old. His mother remarried and 
 .came to Knox county. Illinois, in 1845, settling in Rio township, where sh'e 
 lived for four or five years. The family then removed to Iowa and from there 
 to Missouri and, in 1859, came back to Illinois, making their home in Henderson 
 township, Knox county. This remained the family home till a few years be- 
 fore the parents' death. His mother died in Nebraska and his stepfather in 
 Oregon. 
 
 In the district schools of the various localities where the family resided, 
 William E. Warner was given an education. When seventeen years of age he 
 went to Rutler county. Iowa, and there enlisted in Company I. Third Iowa In- 
 fantry and, in Ai)ril, i86i, was mustered into the service. He served until the 
 close of the war, l>eing discharged at Louisville, July 12, 1865. The story of 
 his participation in the war and his accounts of important engagements in which 
 he took part, forms an interesting chapter in his history. In i86i his company 
 spent most of tlie time in Missouri chasing guerrilla parties and bushwhackers. 
 From Missouri they went to Illinois, to Cairo, and then up to Shiloh, where they 
 took part in the memorable battle of Peach Tree Creek. His company was 
 also present at the siege of X'icksburg wliich lasted forty-one days and took part 
 in the battle at Jackson where (ieneral (irant won a victory over the rebels 
 under General Johnston. After the war the young soldier came to his home in 
 Henderson township, Kno.x county, Illinois, lie was twenty-five years old and 
 wishing to establish himself in a career, his choice fell on the carpenter's trade. 
 This he mastered and followed, working^ steadily until a few years ago when 
 he retired, making his lioine on the outskirts of Henderson village. 
 
 On June 13, i8<'>r), \\'illiam E. Warner was united in the bonds of matri- 
 mony to Mary Shepherd, a daughter of David ami Martha (Eaton) Shepherd, 
 living near r.nM^kville, Canada. Her mother came from England to .America at 
 the age of thirteen years, lived for a time in Canada and there married David 
 Shejjherd. They did not remain in Canada but came to I lancock county, Illinois, 
 where their daughter Mary was born June 16, 1844. Tlie following year in 
 March, 1845, her family removed to Knox county, Illinois, where Mr. Shepherd, 
 
XVII.MAM K. \\AI!\Ki; 
 
HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY 813 
 
 who was an agriculturist, had bought a farm of sixty acres which he cultivated 
 during the remainder of his years. He died on May 8, 1898, at the age of 
 eighty. Mrs. Shepherd passed away on August 17, 1896, in her seventy-ninth 
 year. 
 
 In the family of Mr. and Mrs. Warner were the following children, all 
 daughters: Alora E., the wife of Frank Murray, a carpenter, living in Albia, 
 Iowa, who is the mother of two daughters: Mabel, the wife of Ora Folger, a 
 painter, living in Galesburg, who is the mother of three children ; and Blanche, 
 the wife of E. C. Searcy, a grocer, living in Albia, Iowa. Maude is the wife of 
 Hilmer Harpman, who conducts a hotel in Waterman, Illinois, and the mother 
 of five children named, Helen, Hazel, John Warner, Richard A., and George 
 Washington. Mattie, the wife of John Weedman, a hardware dealer, is living 
 in Victoria, Illinois. She has two children, Mary and Maud. 
 : Mr. Warner is a democrat in his political allegiance and has been called to 
 public office a number of times. He has served as school director, as constable 
 and as police magistrate. He is a member of the Henderson lodge, A. F. & 
 A. M., and of Post No. 26, G. A. R., of North Henderson. Throughout his 
 life Mr. Warner has been a man of singular devotion to his aims discharging 
 his duties with honor both during the Civil war and in the pursuit of his occu- 
 pation. 
 
 Since the above was written Mr. Warner passed away on September 15, 
 1911, after a short illness. - ^J .:/'"' T---i'""';-<?':^;:/::; :: . y^: ''.'['. J- ; 
 
 ;Y "' ' ' " - '"' ' ^' 'j'- JAMES RICHEY. ^:^. :./ "/\ . -y:.-.-'.- /;;V-;'. ;,-:"' 
 
 The life record of James Richey is 'the story of efficient public service extend- 
 ing over a period of more than four decades, the worth of which is attested 
 by all who know aught of his career. A native of Ireland, he was bom in County 
 Tyrone, June 22, 1842, a son of William and Jane (Scott) Richey, the father's 
 birth also occurring on the Emerald isle. The family came to the United States 
 in 1842 or 1843, locating first in Columbiana county, Ohio, where they remained 
 until 1853. In that year the home was established in Abingdon, Knox county, 
 Illinois, and there the parents spent their remaining days, the father's death oc- 
 curring in 1876 and the mother's in 1893. Both were laid to rest in Abingdon 
 cemetery. The father was a butcher by trade and also engaged to some extent 
 in fanning. He and his wife were faithful members of the Methodist Episcopal 
 church, the teachings of which formed the guiding influences in their lives. In 
 their family were six sons and three daughters, as follows : E. A., the widow of 
 W. H. McDonold, of Abingdon, who enlisted in the First Illinois Cavalry for 
 service in the Civil war and was killed in the battle of Lexington, Missouri; 
 Samuel, deceased ; James, of this review ; Maria, the widow of J. W. McGintis, 
 who also fought in the Civil war; Scott and Henderson, twins, the former a 
 farmer of Milton, Oregon, and the latter conducting an undertaking establish- 
 ment at Denver, Colorado, one who died in infancy; Robert, carrying on agricul- 
 tural pursuits in Stockdale, Nebraska; and Archie, who has also passed away. 
 , The educational advantages of James Richey were those afforded by the public 
 
814 HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY ' 'I' ' 
 
 schools of Abingdon and he remained at home until thirty-five years of age, being 
 engaged at various occupations. For more than forty years he has been con- 
 tinuously identified with public service, his association therewith being in con- 
 nection with the police department of Abingdon and elsewhere. In i86i he was 
 appointed to the office of marshal at Abingdon, which he filled for thirteen years, 
 after which he served for twenty-five years as deputy sheriff of Galesburg. The 
 succeeding four years were spent as marshal of Abingdon, while at the present 
 time he is serving as deputy marshal of this town, and his long continuation in 
 connection with the department of public safety is indicative of the efficiency and 
 faithfulness which has ever marked the performance of his duties. Official 
 service, however, has not absorbed his entire attention, for he has devoted a 
 portion of his time to agricultural pursuits, being the owner of a fine farm of 
 one hundred and ninety acres located in Cedar township. He has also assisted 
 in the establishment of several of Abingdon's industrial institutions and has- 
 thus taken a prominent and active part in the material development of the com- 
 munity. 
 
 Mr. Richey was married, in 1871, to Miss Serelda Haney, a niece of the Rev. 
 Richard Haney, and unto them have been born two children, Kai and Haney. 
 The daughter is now the wife of George S. Butler and resides near Avon, Illi- 
 nois. They have two children, Marie and James Dale. The son, Haney Richey, 
 who resides on his father's farm, married Mabel Wiles and they are the parents 
 of three children, James, Teddy and Serelda. Mrs. Richey was called to her 
 final rest August 5, 1884, her remains being interred in Abingdon cemetery. 
 She was a faithful member of the Methodist Episcopal church, as is also her 
 husband, who is now serving as chairman of the board of trustees of that institu- 
 tion. Fraternally he belongs to the Independent Order of Odd Fellows of Abing- 
 don and is at present filling the office of chaplain of that order. He has ever 
 been a stanch supporter of republican principles since age conferred upon him 
 the right of franchise, and for two years served as street commissioner of Abing- 
 don. Higher honors were also bestowed upon him, for his fellow citizens, recog- 
 nizing his ability and worth, elected him to the office of mayor of the city, in 
 which he was the incumbent for three years. It was during his service as chief 
 executive that the waterworks were installed and many other improvements were 
 indorsed and introduced by him. Few residents in this section of the county 
 have been longer in the public service than has Mr. Richey and the honorable 
 purposes and high ideals, which have ever actuated him in this connection, have 
 won the confidence, respect and good-will of all law-abiding citizens, who appre- 
 ciate faithfulness and upright methods in official service. '. '. v^ 
 
 -"/V' . . FRANK HOPKINS. -"--':x ;'.-:: 
 
 Frank Hopkins is the owner of three hundred and forty acres of highly 
 cultivated land in Chestnut township, where he successfully engages in stock- 
 raising and general farming. His birth occurred on the farm where he now 
 resides on the 4th of May, 1873, his parents being Thomas and Sarah A. 
 (Booton) Hopkins. His father, who was born in Wales, on January 4, 1831, 
 
'; ^v:; ;^:-.;:;; HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY ;;:;: 8i5 
 
 was brought to the United States by his parents when a babe of six months. 
 They located in Clinton county, Ohio, where they spent the remainder of their 
 lives and where the son was reared to manhood. When he was twenty-seven, 
 Thomas Hopkins came to Illinois, locating in 1858 in Peoria, where he engaged 
 in coal mining until after the breaking out of the Civil war. During the early 
 days of the Rebellion he responded to the nation's call and enlisted as a private 
 in the Fourteenth Illinois Cavalry. He remained at the front for three year? 
 and three months, being discharged with the rank of second lieutenant. Al- 
 though he saw much active service, participating in thirty-two engagements, 
 during one of which he had his horse shot from under him, Mr. Hopkins was 
 never wounded. After being mustered out he returned to Peoria, where he 
 was married in 1866 to Miss Booton, who was a native of Ohio, her birth 
 having occurred at Oakmound, Jackson county, on the I7th of February, 1831. 
 The first year of their domestic life they spent in Peoria, and then removed to 
 Knox county, settling on a farm on section 4, Chestnut township. This was 
 new land, and Mr. Hopkins immediately erected upon it such buildings as were 
 necessary and then devoted his energies to clearing and placing his farm under 
 cultivation. He was an energetic man of sound judgment and practical in his 
 ideas, who intelligently applied his efforts and reaped corresponding returns. 
 As his means accumulated he from time to time increased his holdings, at the 
 same time bringing his original tract into a higher state of cultivation and 
 adding to its value by the erection of better buildings and making other im- 
 provements. Agricultural pursuits continued to engage his energies until his 
 death, which occurred on his homestead on the 23d of August, 1895, his burial 
 taking place at Hermon, Illinois. He was survived by his widow, who is still 
 living and now makes her home at Knoxville. Mr. Hopkins was one of the 
 public-spirited men of the community, always taking an active and helpful in- 
 terest in all political affairs, and capably discharging the responsibilities of the 
 various township offices he held, giving his support on all occasions to the 
 republican party. He was not affiliated with any church but was an earnest 
 member of the Odd Fellows fraternity. The family of Mr. and Mrs. Hopkins 
 numbered three : Rosa D., the wife of J. E. Davis, of Orange township ; Mary 
 A., who became the wife of Nathaniel F. Johnson, also a resident of Orange 
 township; and Frank, who is our subject. 
 
 The entire life of Frank Hopkins has been spent amid the scenes of his 
 birth, his education having been acquired in the schools now attended by his 
 children. After completing the course therein he took Brown's Business course, 
 thus obtaining a more comprehensive idea of practical commercial methods. 
 Having been trained from his earliest boyhood for the life of an agriculturist 
 after laying aside his text-books, he engaged as such on the home farm, which 
 he has operated ever since the death of his father. He now owns three hundred 
 and forty acres of land, all in one piece, that he devotes to general farming and 
 stock-raising. Progressive in his methods and practical in his ideas, Mr. Hop- 
 kins has so intelligently concentrated his energies, that now his is one of the 
 most attractive and valuable farms in the township. During the period of 
 his occupancy he has improved it by the erection of fine barns and outbuildings 
 and a modern residence, the beauty of his place being greatly enhanced by the 
 tasteful arra'ngement of the well kept grounds that surround it. He is meeting 
 
816 HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY 1 'V-- :i 
 
 with lucrative returns from his undertakings and is recognized as one of the 
 prosperous farmers and stockmen of the county. 
 
 On the nth of March, 1900, Mr. Hopkins was united in marriage to Miss 
 Anna Davis, who is a native of Chestnut township, and they have become the 
 parents of two children : Ruth, whose birth occurred on the gth of June, 1902 ; 
 and Rex, who was born on September ii, 1904. 
 
 Mr. Hopkins is a member of the Knights of Pythias, being affiliated with 
 the lodge at London Mills, and he belongs to the Odd Fellows, his connection 
 being with the organization at Hermon. His political views coincide with the 
 principles of the republican party, for whose candidates he always casts his 
 ballot. He takes an earnest interest in all township activities and has served 
 with efficiency in several of the township offices. Mr. Hopkins is one of Knox 
 county's sons who in every way is a credit to the community where he has so 
 long resided, and is held in high esteem, well merited by reliability and trust- 
 worthiness in all of his relations of life, both public and private. 
 
 ..-;"'-;' ^" . .. .. u. s. 
 
 U. s. Garren, postmaster of Douglas, was born in Fulton county, Illinois, 
 December 3, 1842, his parents being Dempson and Rachel (Ulmer) Garren, 
 natives of Indiana. His father, who was an ardent democrat in his political 
 convictions, died of a fever at the age of forty and was buried in Ross ceme- 
 tery in Fulton county, Illinois. The mother survived her husband by more 
 than half a century, dying at the age of ninety years. She is laid at rest in a 
 cemetery in Peoria county, Illinois. There were five children in the family, 
 of whom U. S. Garren is the only one living. The others are George, Sarah, 
 Nancy and Dempson. 
 
 Reared in his native locality U. S. Garren attended the common schools in 
 the vicinity of his home. When the war broke out he joined the army, enlisting 
 with Company H, Thirty-ninth Illinois Volunteer Infantry, and early in his 
 military experience received a severe wound in the right groin refusing, how- 
 ever, any hospital service or the opportunity of being granted a discharge. 
 Remaining with his company in which he had enlisted as a private he was pro- 
 moted to the rank of second sergeant and saw much active service until the 
 time they were mustered out at Richmond, Virginia. On his return from the 
 war he settled in Peoria county and there was married on June 28, 1866, to 
 Miss Amelia Krisher. She was born in Juniata county, Pennsylvania, and was 
 a daughter of John and Katherine CCliffman) Krisher, who were pioneer set- 
 tlers in Illinois, living for a time in Stephenson county and later in Peoria 
 county, where the father was engaged in agricultural pursuits. He was a 
 republican in politics and with his wife held membership in the Lutheran church. 
 Stalwart of physique he lived to attain the ripe old age of seventy-eight years, 
 while his wife died at the age of forty-five years. They are both buried in 
 Pennsylvania Ridge, Peoria county. 
 
 After his marriage Mr. Garren lived for a number of years in Peoria county 
 when he removed to Fulton county and engaged in the blacksmith trade, re- 
 
'''' ' ;> :f HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY > -- 817 
 
 - maining there one year. He then returned to Peoria county and continued to 
 Iv.. work at his trade there for ten years. His next place of residence was Middle 
 ; -V Grove, Fulton county, where he followed blacksmithing for a time but later 
 
 sold and removed to Douglas, Illinois, and here operated a stationary engine 
 '? and sawmill one and a half miles north of Douglas in Elba township and also 
 
 V engaged in draying for a period of five years. He then retired and is now 
 . V.' serving his fourth year as postmaster of Douglas and also represents the Wil- 
 
 ber Mercantile Agency. In his political views he is independent, voting for 
 
 :. the man rather than the party and in consequence has been called to office by 
 
 '"'" voters of both the democratic and republican parties. He acted as school 
 
 'V^ director for several years and has held the office of justice of the peace for 
 
 '-':-. three terms. 
 
 . In the family of Mr. and Mrs. Garren were the following children: John 
 
 . D., residing in Oklahoma, is married to Lillian Mitchell, a native of Texas, 
 and they have three children, Damon, Earl G. and Glenn; Alice, residing in 
 ' Douglas, Illinois, is the wife of C. B. Painter and has one child, Florence; 
 . Franklin, residing in Salem township is married to Estella Diefdorf and they 
 . have three children, Freda May, Leonard Oaks, and Willis ; Henry, who resides 
 in Peorfa county ; Grace, deceased, who was killed when twenty-four years of 
 age, by a train at the railroad station in Douglas ; Edith, living at home, who is 
 . assistant postmaster of Douglas; and Nellie, who lives at home. The members 
 . of the Garren family are loyal supporters of the Methodist Episcopal church 
 to which they belong. Widely and favorably known throughout the county 
 they have a host of warm friends, who are always sure of a hospitable wel- 
 come at the Garren home. -'-L/- 
 
 : >; MRS. HATTIE PORTER. , v;:! V ^ V ' -'^ 
 
 For more than a half century Mrs. Hattie Porter has been a witness of the 
 growth and development of Knox county and has beheld this section of the 
 country transformed from crude prairie land to well cultivated farms. A 
 native of Ohio, she was bom in Ashtabula county, March 13, 1852, her parents 
 being Aaron and Mary (Buckman) Brockhurst. Her father was a native of 
 England and came to the United States when he was a young man, settling in 
 Ohio. There he met Miss Mary Buckman, a native of New York state, who 
 later became his wife. They were the parents of the following children, all 
 of whom were born in Ohio: Henry, who resides in Oil City, Pennsylvania; 
 John, also a resident of Pennsylvania; Mrs. Anna Brazington, of Cleveland, 
 Ohio; George, a resident of Ashtabula county, Ohio; Charles, who makes his 
 home in Clinton, Illinois; Mrs. Mary McNutt, of Ohio; Frank and Edward, 
 both of whom are deceased; Hattie, the subject of this biography; and two 
 boys who died in infancy. Mr. and Mrs. Brockhurst removed with their family 
 to Knox county, Illinois, when their daughter Hattie was seven years of age, 
 and settled in Salem township on a farm consisting of one hundred and fifty 
 acres of land now owned by Levi McGirr. This land the father continued to 
 cultivate until his death, at the age of sixty-six years. His wife died at the 
 
818 HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY 
 
 age of fifty-three years and both are buried in Yates City cemetery. In his 
 political convictions Mr. Brockhurst was a republican and always was heartily 
 in sympathy with the measures and movements that tended toward the advance- 
 ment of the welfare of the community in which he resided. 
 
 Reared under the parental roof, Hattie Brockhurst obtained her education 
 in the common schools of Salem township. She remained at home until her 
 marriage, January i, 1870, to Stephen P. Porter, a native of Columbus, Ohio. 
 He was a son of Lorenzo and Mahala (Postal) Porter, both natives of Colum- 
 bus, Ohio, and the parents of two children. Stephen Porter's father died when 
 he was a boy and his mother married a Mr. Phillips, by whom she had three 
 children. They left Ohio for Illinois and made their home on the farm now 
 owned by Mrs. Hattie Porter, which her husband had received from his mother 
 at the time of his marriage. Mr. and Mrs. Stephen P. Porter were the parents 
 of ten children : Cora ; Nellie, who married Frank Tasker ; Maude, who is 
 the wife of Fdward Hollaway and resides in Haw Creek township, being the 
 mother of one child, Marie ; Sylvia, now Mrs. Kay Harper of Douglas, Illinois ; 
 Earl, of Salem township, who married Nora Johnston, by whom he has one 
 child, Rowland ; Clyde ; Alta ; and three, who died in infancy. 
 
 Ever since her marriage Mrs. Porter has lived on the farm where she now 
 resides, with the exception of one year during which she was a resident of 
 Yates City. Mr. Porter's death occurred in December, 1905, and he is buried 
 in the Yates City cemetery. Although never a politician he was an ardent be- 
 liever in the principles of democracy and at the polls gave his vote to the can- 
 didates of that party. The home place, to the cultivation of which Mr. Porter 
 gave his best efforts, is now operated by the sons who are of valuable assistance 
 to their mother. Mrs. Porter oversees all the details of the management and 
 performs those duties which lie within the range of her activities, manifesting 
 both good judgment and executive ability in the administration of her affairs. 
 In spite of the many demands made upon her she never fails to have sufficient 
 time to devote to her friends of whom she has a large number, for she is 
 affable in manner and always kind. 
 
 ;:;:,;>:; MRS. SARAH SLOAN. ;:.;: - 
 
 Mrs. Sarah Sloan owns a fine farm in Salem township, which her son James 
 operates with great efficiency. She was born near Antrim, in County Antrim, 
 Ireland, November 22, 1832. Her parents were both natives of County Antrim 
 and lived there during their entire lives. Her father, Hugh Allen, was a very 
 fine musician and was a leader of the church choir for thirty years, also giving 
 instruction in music throughout the county, where he was well known. He 
 was united in marriage to Sarah Caulfield, by whom he had eight children. 
 All grew to maturity, Sarah Ellen, the subject of this review, being now the 
 only member of the family who survives. The others were : William, who 
 passed away in Ireland when a young man ; Martha, who was married and 
 had six children, the family residing in Ireland ; Hugh, who was a soldier in 
 the Civil war and passed away in Douglas, Illinois ; John, who met his death 
 
;;;^:\-rVv,r //;,:., HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY ^-^r::^ 819 
 
 -::.' while serving in the Irish army; Margaret Ann, who was married and lived in 
 
 ; . Ireland; Francis, who came to America after the death of his wife and passed 
 
 : ''-v'V away in Chicago, Illinois; and Robert, whose surviving family resides in Kan- 
 
 .,.. sas. Mr. and Mrs. Allen, who were members of the Presbyterian church and 
 
 ' ,; well known in County Antrim, both died at the age of sixty years, their re- 
 
 ."'.' mains being interred in the churchyard of their native village. 
 
 ;,'.:. After completing her education in Ireland, Sarah Allen came to America 
 
 V ^ at the age of twenty-two years. On the day following her arrival in Daven- 
 
 '\ ;:. port, Iowa, in 1854, she was married to John Sloan, who was born in County 
 
 . ,=v Antrim, Ireland, in 1827, and whom she had known in her childhood, having 
 
 plighted her troth to him before his departure for America, three years and 
 
 ;; - ' nine months earlier. John Sloan's parents were James and Mary (Beck) 
 
 .' -I Sloan, who lived in County Antrim, Ireland. On coming to this country he 
 
 .;c engaged in agricultural pursuits and in time acquired eight hundred acres of 
 
 ; ., land which he operated with much success. His death occurred in April, 
 
 : 1889, and he is buried in the cemetery at Yates City. Mr. and Mrs. Sloan were 
 
 :. : ; the parents of seven children, three of whom passed away in 1879. Mrs. Sloan 
 
 . is a member of the Presbyterian church, as was also her late husband. 
 
 ' Through enterprise and industry Mr. Sloan, whose landed holdings amounted 
 
 ..:.:. to eight hundred acres, was enabled to leave his wife well provided for at his 
 
 i death. She resides on the homestead farm, situated on section 4 of the north 
 
 ;. \ side of the east and west road, in Salem township. Her son James lives with 
 
 .; - ';. her and attends to the cultivation of the land, thus relieving her of the exacting 
 
 : .; responsibilities which the ownership of a large farm entails. Their home is a 
 
 ; :^. hospitable one and is often the scene of merriment when the children and 
 
 '\ grandchildren assemble at the hearthstone, where they passed their happy 
 
 childhood days. 
 
 '::..'.;;...;/.:;;;.'"-./:;. WALTER BAILEY. : v. : . ^:.c^, ;:.;4;^>;. 
 
 ; Walter Bailey, deceased, for many years one of the best-known residents 
 of Knox county, was a native of New York state, born January 9, 1827, in 
 St. Lawrence county and a son of James and Eve (Kitts) Bailey, the former 
 of whom was born in Westmoreland, Cheshire county. New Hampshire. His 
 father followed agricultural pursuits as his chief occupation, in addition to 
 which he was a surveyor and mechanic. He was married in New York and 
 lived there until his son Walter was ten years of age when he removed the 
 family to Delaware county, Ohio. After residing there for a number of years 
 he came farther west and settled in Galva, Henry county. Illinois, where Mrs. 
 Bailey died September 17, 1873. The father then returned to Delaware county, 
 Ohio, living there until his death in June, 1875. 
 
 Walter Bailey was reared and educated in New York and Ohio, coming to 
 Knox county in October, 1849, when twenty-two years of age. A few years 
 later he bought one hundred and sixty acres of land on the site where the 
 present family home is situated, increasing his holdings by additional purchases 
 
 until he acquired extensive tracts of land, owning at the time of his death eight 
 VOL n 37 
 
820 HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY > 
 
 hundred and sixty acres. In 1871 he erected all the buildings and the family 
 residence standing at the present time. . I .- 
 
 - The marriage of Mr. Bailey and Miss Harriet Parsell occurred February 
 14, 1855. She was born, July 30, 1835, in Sycamore township, Hamilton 
 county, Ohio, where her parents, Joseph and Hetty A. (Ralston) Parsell, lived 
 for a year, moving thereafter to Illinois, locating in Fulton county for a short 
 time. In 1840 they removed to Elmwood township, Peoria county, and there 
 the mother passed away April 17, 1850. In 1875 the father took up his resi- 
 dence in Elba township, Knox county, making his home with his daughter, Mrs. 
 Bailey, until his death, January 3, 1880. 
 
 In the family of Mr. and Mrs. Bailey were five children. Edith A., the 
 eldest, living south of Yates City, was married to William D. Ware, who died 
 April 17, 1905, and in their family were six children. The others are: Lura 
 D., who married George F. Hughes, who operates the home farm, and has one 
 child, Walter; Bertha B., married to George S. Mathews, living two and a 
 half miles west of Yates City, who has two children; Addie G., who lives at 
 home; and Nena H., who is also at home. 
 
 Mr. Bailey farmed throughout his life, finding pleasure and profit in the 
 exercise of his multifold duties. He died December 14, 1895, leaving behind 
 him a host of friends who sincerely mourned his loss. In his political views 
 he was a republican and filled the position of justice of the peace with great 
 credit. He and his family were members of the Universalist church. A man 
 of big ideas, Mr. Bailey was big and noble in his dealings with his fellowmen, 
 being always straightforward and unafraid to express his honest convictions 
 and most charitable in his judgment of others. .;-.,:-.. 
 
 ;;;.;iV \ ' MENZO MORSE. -VrM.: V/ 
 
 Menzo Morse is one of the agriculturists of Knox county, who, by reason , : 
 of his intelligently directed energies during his early manhood, is permitted to -'^ ':'* 
 spend his latter days in the ease and comfort justly merited by an active career. ''. 
 He is a native of the state of New York, his birth occurring in Oswego county, 
 and a son of Stephen R. and Hannah (Dikeman) Morse, also natives of the 
 Empire state, as was the maternal grandfather, Cornelius Dikeman. Stephen 
 R. Morse removed from his native state to Wisconsin in 1854, becoming a r "; 
 resident of Knox county the following year. He was a carpenter by trade, 
 but always engaged in farming. He spent his last years in this county and 
 passed away in an old log house on the farm now owned by our subject, at 
 the age of seventy-five years. The family of Mr. and Mrs. Morse numbered v 
 fifteen, as follows: Gilson, who is a resident of Nebraska; William, who is 
 deceased ; Ansel, who is living in Elmwood ; Wordie, Helen and Henry, all of 
 whom are deceased; two, who died in infancy; Melvin and Daniel, both of 
 whom are deecased ; Menzo, our subject ; one, who died in infancy ; Harvey, : 
 
 who is living in the vicinity of Maquon ; Alzina, who is deceased ; and Orletta, ;-; {^ 
 who is living in Missouri. . ;- . /. 
 
'^- ':.-.' .. 
 
 ,;\:t; ;;>n % ; ; V ;: HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY ^:--;r 82i 
 
 ; ' ''-'.' 
 
 _;};,*: Reared on a farm, Menzo Morse obtained his education in the district 
 
 ; ^/^'U schools of the vicinity, at the same time lending assistance in the operation of 
 
 T the land and care of the stock. After he had mastered the common branches 
 
 .... he laid aside his school books and assisted his father in clearing and cultivating 
 
 . . the land, and he also worked out as a farm hand part of the time. When the 
 
 ' war broke out, he was at home and enlisted in 1863, when he went to the front 
 
 ;: .. with Company B, Eleventh Illinois Cavalry, under Colonel Robert Ingersoll. 
 
 . He remained in the service until the close of hostilities, and then returned to 
 
 Vi \. Knox county, taking up his residence in Maquon township. He was married 
 
 . .: ;.. : very soon thereafter, after which event he began his independent career as an 
 
 ~ - . agriculturist, farming as a renter until 1873, when he bought a portion of his 
 
 '. ; present homestead. In the operation of this he met with such success that he 
 
 _ : was later able to add to his holdings at different times until he had acquired 
 
 I ; two hundred and thirteen acres. The development and improvements of this 
 
 . farm successfully engaged his attention until his retirement, since which time 
 
 ;- . . his sons have been operating it. 
 
 .' . . > Mr. Morse was married in 1865 to Miss Millie Ann Stidd, a native of 
 
 , '.- Indiana, who at that time was living in this county. To them eight children 
 
 ' ' .. were born: John Frank, who married Katie Allen and has eight children, 
 
 ' - living across the road from his father; William, who married Alice Roberts 
 
 ' and has two children, living west of Maquon ; Bose, who married May Stuffel- 
 
 . ; beam and has four children ; Nettie, who became the wife of Pete McCord, 
 
 V by whom she had four children; Joshua, who has been married twice, his first 
 
 ; wife being Hattie Knox, who left one child, while his second union was with 
 
 ; ; Cora Gribsy, who has had three children: Timothy, who married Katie Miller 
 
 : and has two children; Edith, who became the wife of Guy Anderson, by whom 
 
 >' she has had one child; and Vady, the wife of Charles Stuffelbeam. :C 
 
 -. Both Mr. and Mrs. Morse are members of the Baptist church, and fra- 
 
 .; ' ternally he is a Mason. He maintains relations with his comrades of the war 
 
 :. through the medium of his membership in the Grand Army of the Republic, 
 
 while his political support is given to the republican party. He has the distinc- 
 
 n tion of having been a school director for thirty-three years and he served as 
 
 road commissioner for two terms. Mr. Morse is held in high regard in his 
 
 ,- ... community ever having manifested those substantial qualities that invariably 
 
 ; ; win esteem and respect in every walk of life. .-v-;' . . .'-. V '...'-(> 
 
 ;y.;:-''i;^ :'--:'.;;:;'': MRS. WILLIAM AUSTIN CHASE. .'/ ^'^/^>:::^ ';'':;: 
 
 : Mrs. William Austin Chase, formerly Miss Leonora May Woolsey, was tlie 
 
 wife of the late William Austin Chase and is a daughter of David Woolsey. 
 
 She is the owner of a very fine farm in Haw Creek township, where she was 
 
 born January 14, 1867, and where she has resided throughout her life. Her 
 
 marriage to William Austin Chase occurred February lo, 1887. 
 
 Mr. Chase, born April 2, 1863, was a son of John H. and Mary Ann (Reed) 
 Chase, residents of Farmington and of Galesburg, the mother being now de- 
 ceased. He was reared and educated in Elba township, and after his marriage 
 
822 HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY .; 
 
 engaged in agriculture in Haw Creek township. He passed away November 
 22, 1902, and was laid to rest in the cemetery at Maquon. On political issues 
 he voted with the republicans and in his religious faith he was a member of 
 the Methodist Episcopal church. .',''-;; 1-'' ',' ' - 
 
 Mr. and Mrs. Chase had six children bom to them: Florence Geneva, born :.^ : 
 October 22, 1887, who died April lo, 1888 ; Edna Merle, born December 14, p 
 1889, who died February 12, 1890; Nina Bishop, born December 27, 1891; ' 
 Doris Edith, born November 14, 1893; Wayne Harris, born April 22, 1897; .\;:V 
 and Paul David, born February ii, 1900. Mrs. Chase is a member of the 
 Methodist Episcopal church in which she is actively and helpfully interested. 
 She is the owner of about two hundred acres of valuable farm land on section''-. . ^ 
 13, Haw Creek township, from which she makes a comfortable income by 
 renting it to a tenant. Mrs. Chase possesses many of her father's characteristics 
 a progressive spirit, a forceful will and the ability to manage wisely and 
 with an eye to the future. She is a very kind mother in the home and is de- . 
 voted to the interests of her children. , '/'V ^-' -";"'.':' 
 
 ;'^:'.-';.-. . ' MRS. ANNA VOLK. ^-J.-'-'' /':''.' 
 
 Mrs. Anna Volk, one of the estimable citizens of Oneida, was bom and 
 
 reared in Knox county and is a daughter of one of the pioneer settlers. Her 7. 
 birth occurred on a farm in Sparta township, on October 5, 1864, her parents -'.';' 
 
 being Ole and Betsy Anderson. Her father was born in Norway, on February '. - 1 
 
 1 8, 1820, and passed away in Knox county in 1899. The mother, however, ; 
 
 a native of Sweden, born May 26, 1839, and a daughter of Andrew Peterson, v 
 is still living at the venerable age of seventy-two years and continues to make 
 
 her home on the old farm in Sparta township. Mr. Anderson had been pre- vt 
 
 viously married, his first wife having died on shipboard on the way from the ,;-' 
 east to this state, between Chicago and Ottawa, and the remains were interred 
 
 in the cemetery at Ottawa, Illinois. Of this marriage there was born one <. 
 
 daughter, Mary, who was two years of age at the time of her mother's death, Tl ' 
 
 now the wife of H. Mitchell, of Galesburg, Illinois. Unto Mr. Anderson and '.-\ 
 his second wife there were born eleven children, six sons and five daughters, 
 as follows: Harriet, the wife of George Werteen, of Galesburg; Andrew, who 
 is a resident of Sparta township ; Albert, who lives in Oklahoma ; Anna, now ^"' ^-V 
 
 Mrs. Volk ; Jennie, who married S. McKibben, of Copley township ; Christ, ':;- 
 
 who lives in Sparta township; Sophia, the wife of L. Weber, of Sparta town- . ': 
 
 ship; William, likewise a resident of Sparta township; Henry, who is living ; ' 
 
 in Appleton, Illinois; and Emma and Arthur, both of whom are at home. ;, 
 
 Mrs. Volk was reared to womanhood in the parental home, attending the - ' 7 
 
 common schools in the acquirement of an education. At the age of nineteen :..'-'. 
 
 years she became the wife of Herman Volk, their marriage occurring on the f . 
 
 2Oth of February, 1883. He was born on the 27th of November, 1856, inv ! :;v, 
 
 Baden, Germany, a son of Frank Joseph and Gresinzia (Gehring) Volk. The '^ 
 
 father followed the butcher's trade in the fatherland. In their family were "'_'. 
 
 four children, Herman, Mary, Joseph and Tony. The three boys are all buried ^ 
 
y;-;C-^^^^:| r::; ; . ;:; HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY .;:-;/.'; 823 
 
 : ; .: : in the cemetery at Oneida, while the daughter, Mary, is now married and 
 ;, V t lives in Galesburg. Mrs. Frank Joseph Volk was a sister of Seaford and An- 
 thony Gehring and Mrs. Cummer, of Galesburg. Herman Volk spent the first 
 seventeen years of his life in his native land, and after completing his education 
 : ;: he learned the miller's trade. Desirous of opportunities, such as the father- 
 .;.' land at those times did not afford, ambition-fired and seeking more liberal con- 
 - ' ditions of life, he decided to come to America, believing that here he would 
 >: ; - find a more advantageous field for earnest endeavors and a shorter route to 
 V-.' - independent position. He arrived in the United States June I, 1874, making 
 his way inland to Wataga, Illinois, where for a time he worked as a laborer. 
 r . Later he went to the home of his uncle, Anthony Gehring, who was a farmer 
 ;'" . and assisted him in the cultivation of his land and the care of the stock. He 
 . V ' was an energetic, thrifty young man, and ultimately acquired the means to 
 V ; buy a farm, continuing to devote his energies to its further development until 
 his death. In matters of faith, Mr. Volk was a Presbyterian and always took 
 an active interest in the work of the church, having for many years taught a 
 : class in the Sunday school. Fraternally he was identified with the Mystic 
 
 ', . Workers, being a member of Lodge No. 90, of Galesburg. His political sup- 
 port he gave to the republican party and served for some years as a member 
 of the school board. He was a good business man and capable agriculturist 
 ; and was meeting with deserved success in the cultivation of his farm and the 
 
 :'.! raising of stock until death claimed him. Of the marriage of Mr. and Mrs. 
 .: Volk there were born the following children: Grace Etta, who was born on 
 the 29th of April, 1887; Maud, whose birth occurred on October 20, 1890; 
 Anna Betsy, who was born on January 12, 1893, now deceased; Ida Viola, born 
 ;;- on February 25, 1895, a graduate of the Oneida high school ; Pearl Sybil, born 
 .; on the 3d of November, 1896, now attending school; and Ella, who was born 
 .: on the 20th of January, 1902, and died in infancy. The eldest daughter. Miss 
 .. ; Grace, graduated from the Oneida high school with the class of 1906, after 
 V which she pursued a commercial course in Brown's Business College at Gales- 
 ;.; burg, and is now a bookkeeper. The second daughter. Miss Maud, also gradu- 
 ated from the Oneida high school, subsequently attending the Central State 
 Normal, and is now teaching her third term of school. 
 
 . The family all attend the Presbyterian church, in which Mrs. Volk and all 
 
 her children hold membership. Both the mother and daughters are held in 
 
 : high esteem in Oneida, where they have many friends. . - - 
 
 -"' 7 1:' '';;:'';' ' ; ' '^' :'-''': ENOCH DALTON.V-- V.--\-.' - \\\: ''':'; ^'^i--'.C<'^: 
 
 Enoch Dalton, deceased, was for many years prominently associated with 
 the agricultural interests of Elba township, Knox county, where he owned a 
 valuable farm. The youngest of six children, he was born June 6, 1845, two 
 and a half miles east of Douglas. His father, Reuben Dalton, one of the early 
 settlers of this county and an extensive landowner in his day, died when Enoch 
 Dalton was a babe nine days old, leaving the mother, whose maiden name was 
 Nancy Maise, to rear the six children. ;:^..'\ V- ;-. ; 
 
824 HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY .'.?.;;; 
 
 Enoch Dalton obtained his education in the rural schools near his boyhood 
 home arid when old enough to support himself left for Iowa, where he found 
 employment as a stage driver. Continuing in this occupation for some time he 
 gave it up at length and came to Knox county to follow agricultural pursuits, 
 and for four years tilled the fields owned by the church and later land belong- 
 ing to Ziba Adams, whose daughter Elizabeth he married. Mr. Adams was 
 one of the substantial citizens of Knox county, coming west when a young 
 man from Pennsylvania, where he was born September 20, 1820. He carried 
 on farming in addition to the carpenter trade in which he was proficient. On 
 the 8th of April, 1847, he was united in marriage to Delilah Gullett who was 
 born December 17, 1828, and departed this life December 21, 1904. There were 
 seven children in the Adams family, of whom all but one are living. 
 
 Nine children were born to Mr. and Mrs. Enoch Dalton : Theodora, who 
 lives near Yates City: Nancy, the wife of George King, who lives north of her 
 mother's homestead and has two children, Maud E. and Genevieve ; Mollie, 
 the wife of Robert Robison, who has one child, Helen ; Albert who lives at home ; 
 Edith, the wife of Floyd Heller, who lives south of the home farm and has one 
 child, Harold ; Earl, at home ; Fred, at home ; Newton, living south of the home 
 farm, who married Irene Coleman and has two children. Bertha and Frances ; 
 and Florence, the wife of Ernest Metcalf, who has one child. Opal. 
 
 Mr. Dalton continued to follow farming throughout his life and met with 
 well deserved success in his labors. He died February 12, 1904, at the age of 
 fifty-eight years, seven months, and six days. In his political views he was 
 a democrat and with his family worshiped in the Methodist Episcopal church. 
 Generous and kind almost to a fault he was devoted to the interests of his 
 family and left them not only in comfortable circumstances but bequeathed 
 them likewise an honored name. ; . ; . ;.- .. . . 
 
 _:;-:.:/ THOMAS B. SHAFFER. '^V: ; 
 
 Thomas B. ShaflFer, a well known druggist of Oneida, has been identified 
 with the commercial activities of Knox county for the past nine years. His birth 
 occurred in the vicinity of Williamsfield on the 3ist of December, 1876, his 
 parents being Benjamin and Sarah L. (Foster) ShaflFer. His father was born 
 and reared in Pennsylvania, whence he came to Illinois during the pioneer days, 
 and engaged in agricultural pursuits. 
 
 After completing the course of the common schools, Thomas B. Shaffer 
 entered Knox College, where he studied for three years. Having decided to go 
 into the drug business, at the expiration of that period he matriculated in the 
 Chicago College of Pharmacy, and he also studied for a time at Drake Uni- 
 versity, Highland Park, Des Moines, Iowa. After receiving his degree he was 
 employed for a year in the drug store of Dr. T. E. Alyea at Princeville, Illi- 
 nois, and resigning his position at the end of that time to take a similar place 
 in a drug store at that place, where he likewise remained a year. Feeling 
 that he was fully qualified both theoretically and practically to undertake the 
 management of a place of his own, in 1902 he came to Oneida and purchased 
 
HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY ::;?;.; 825 
 
 the store of E. L. Jimison. Mr. Shaffer has a very good location, and carries ' 
 a full and complete line of drugs, patent medicines and such toilet articles and ; J ;' 
 sundries as are usually to be found in establishments of this kind. His busi- 
 ness is conducted in a thoroughly up-to-date manner, and, owing to the gracious . -' ;; 
 treatment accorded all patrons as well as the quality of the goods offered for . '. 
 sale, his has become one of the thriving enterprises of the town. : . : 
 
 At Grande Ridge, Illinois, by Rev. O. P. Graves, on the 23d of June, 1910, v 
 Mr. Shaffer was united in marriage to Miss Stella A. Peterson, a daughter - 
 of Charles A. Peterson. Mr. Shaffer is affiliated with Oneida Lodge, No. 337, V. 
 
 F. & A. M. ; Oneida Chapter, No. 173. R. A. M. ; Order of the Eastern Star; ; - 
 and the Benevolent and Protective Order of Elks at Galesburg. He maintains '- . 
 relations with the other members of his profession through the medium of his -^ - 
 connection with the Association of Retail Druggists; Illinois Pharmaceutical ^^ 
 Association ; and the Knox County Druggists Association, of which he is the ; 
 vice president. He is registered in both Illinois and Iowa and is, there fore,:\Vi; 
 entitled to follow his profession in either state. In his political views Mr. Shaffer , 
 has always been independent, and he gives his support to the men and meas- .' 
 ures he deems best qualified to meet the exigencies of the situation, regardless 
 of party affiliation. He is one of the public-spirited and progressive men of ; ' 
 the town, who is conducting his business in accordance with the highest prin-. ' :- 
 ciples governing commercial activities and as a result wins and retains the respect - 
 of all with whom he has transations. . : 
 
 ^.;:.;' ;--:':^ : : ]- .,-;; -.':': THOMAS AUSTIN. .;. ; ._.;>';/:; 
 
 One of the best known citizens of Abingdon is Thomas Austin, who for 
 over a half century has been actively identified with the business interests of: 
 the town. He was born in Norfolk county, England, on the 2ist of March, 
 1834, and is a son of Thomas and Mary A. (Wells) Austin, natives of the same ; 
 county, where they spent their entire lives. Thomas Austin, Sr., was a black- ; 
 smith by trade, as was his father, James Austin, and two of his brothers, while .^ - 
 he in turn also reared three of his sons to the same vocation. 
 
 Thomas Austin, after finishing his education in the common schools, entered 
 his father's shop, where he learned his trade. He had long been strongly at- : 
 tracted toward America, with its many advantages and innumerable opportuni- 
 ties, and on the 2ist of January, 1855, he took passage on a sailing vessel for the '' 
 United States. He landed at New York early in March, having spent forty .f^ 
 days on the Atlantic. His destination was Lockport, Illinois, where he had 
 several relatives living, among them a brother of his mother's, who was a distiller 
 and a prominent business man of the town. He took up his residence with his ' 
 uncle on the 8th of March, 1855, and soon thereafter became his business part- 
 ner, but owing to a disagreement on June 20, 1856, he severed his connection 
 with his relative and went to Morgan county. After remaining there for a 
 short time he started on a trip through Iowa and Nebraska seeking a location V 
 for a shop. Not finding anything to suit him, he was on his way back to Lock- ;^ 
 port, when Jonathan Latimer, whom he met on the train, prevailed upon him 
 
826 HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY 
 
 to come to Abingdon. He did so, finding employment as a blacksmith with Lati- 
 mer & Shaffer, who were wagonmakers. On the 2Oth of July, 1857, Mr. Aus- 
 tin opened a blacksmith shop in Abingdon, which he has ever since operated. 
 
 On the 3Oth of October, 1862, Mr. Austin was united in marriage to Miss 
 Eliza J. McElrea, who at that time was residing in Indian Point township. 
 Mrs. Austin was born in Warren county, Illinois, but is of Irish extraction, 
 her father having been a native of the Emerald isle. Three children were born 
 of this marriage, but one of whom is now living, Anna M., the wife qf Charles 
 Harshberger, of Abingdon. ; ':--l 
 
 : In December, 1853, while still a resident of the mother country, Mr. Austin 
 joined the Odd Fellows lodge, but has never affiliated with the organization since 
 coming to the United States. Mrs. Austin is a member of the Congregational 
 church, but his religious views do not conform to those of any creed, although 
 he contributes toward the support of the churches and various charitable or- 
 ganizations. In politics he is a democrat in national issues, but casts an inde- 
 pendent ballot at local elections. He served for two years as mayor of Abing-, 
 don and for an equal period as county supervisor, while for three years he was 
 on the local school board, refusing to serve for a longer period. He also acted 
 as alderman for a year. Mr. Austin has always been a wide reader of both 
 philosophy and history and is one of the well informed men of his community. 
 He has ever been noted for his remarkable memory, and is generally regarded 
 as having a more vivid recollection and better knowledge of Abingdon's early 
 history than any other living citizen. It is customary for those in doubt about 
 any fact of early local history to refer the enquirer to "Tom" Austin, feeling 
 confident that the desired information can be obtained there. During the long 
 period of his residence in the United States, Mr. Austin has never had occa- 
 sion to regret transferring his allegiance to the younger country, having here 
 met with a fair degree of success. . .. ; -., 
 
 ./;':-:,/;; :./:^ ;: WILLIAM B. MAIN. V::- ::/;':->'-:, 
 
 William B. Main, deceased, a resident of the town of Abingdon for more 
 than three decades, who for a number of years was prominently identified with 
 its business interests as a leading hardware merchant, has lived retired from.; 
 1896 up to the time of his death, in January, 1912. His birth occurred on 
 Snowdon Hill. Otsego county. New York, on the 7th of December, 1835. ^'S 
 parents being Thomas P. and Laura (Allen) Main. The first emigrant ancestor 
 of the Main family came to the United States from the vicinity of Edinburgh, 
 Scotland, in May, 1680, landing in New York and thence going to Stonington, 
 Connecticut, where he took up his abode. William B. Main represented the 
 sixth generation of the family in this country. Thomas P. Main, the father of 
 William B. Main, was born in Otsego county. New York, on the old Main 
 homestead which had been in possession of the family for several generations, 
 his natal day being May 31, 1798. He remained in his native county until 
 1838 and then removed to Bainbridge, Chenango county. New York. The tract 
 on which he settled was a primeval forest and his first task was the clearing of 
 
WILLIAM B. MAIX 
 
826 . HISTORY OF KXOX COUNTY 
 
 to come to Abingdon. He did so, finding employment as a blacksmith with Lati- 
 mer & Shaffer, \vho were wagonmakers. On the 2Otli of July, 1857, Mr. Aus- 
 tin opened a blacksmith shop in Abingdon. which he has ever since operated. 
 
 On the 3Oth of October. 1862. Mr. Austin was united in marriage to Miss 
 Eliza J. McElrea, who at that time was residing in Indian Point township. 
 Mrs. Austin was born in Warren county. Illinois, but is of Irish extraction, 
 her father having been a native of the Emerald isle. Three children were born 
 of this marriage, but one of whom is now living, Anna M., the wife of Charles 
 Harshberger, of Abingdon. 
 
 In December. 1853, while still a resident of the mother country, Mr. Austin 
 joined the Odd Eellows lodge, but has never affiliated with the organization since 
 coming to the I'nited States. Mrs. Austin is a member of the Congregational 
 church, but his religious views do not conform to those of any creed, although 
 he contributes toward the support of the churches and various charitable or- 
 ganizations. In jwlitics he is a democrat in national issues, but casts an inde- 
 pendent ballot at local elections. He server! for two years as mayor of Abing- 
 don and for an e(|ual period as county supervisor, while for three years he was 
 on the local school board, refusing to serve for a longer period. He also acted 
 as alderman for a year. Mr. Austin has always been a wide reader of both 
 philosophy and history and is one of the well informed men of his community. 
 He has ever been noted for his remarkal)lc memory, and is generally regarded 
 as having a more vivid recollection and better knowledge of Abingdon's early 
 history than any other living citizen. It is customary for those in doubt about 
 any fact of early local history to refer the encjuirer to "Tom" Austin, feeling 
 confident that the desired information can be obtained there. During the long 
 period of his residence in the United States, Mr. Austin has never had occa- 
 sion to regret transferring his allegiance to the younger country, having here 
 met with a fair degree of success. 
 
 i. WILLIAM B. MAIX. 
 
 William P.. Main, deceased, a resident of the town of Abingdon for more 
 than three decades, who for a number of years was prominently identified with 
 its business interests as a leading hardware merchant, has lived retired from 
 1896 up to the time of his death, in January. 1912. His birth occurred on 
 Snowdon llill. Otsego county, Xew York, on the Jth of December. 1835. His 
 parents being Thomas P. and Laura (Allen) Main. The first emigrant ancestor 
 of the ^^ain family came to the I'nited States from the vicinity of Edinburgh, 
 Scotland, in May. iTiRo, landing in Xew York and thence going to Stonington, 
 Connecticut, where he took up his abode. William B. Main represented the 
 sixth generation of the family in this country. Thomas P. Main, the father of 
 William 15. Main, was born in Otsego county, Xew York, on the old Main 
 homestead which had been in ])ossession of the family for several generations, 
 his natal day being May 31, 1798. He remained in his native county until 
 1838 and then removed to Bainbridge. Chenango county, Xew York. The tract 
 on which he settled was a primeval forest and his first task was the clearing of 
 
\\II.I.IAM I!. MAIN 
 
;;';',;; HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY : \-.., 829 
 
 a site for a log cabin, which he erected. Our subject was then about four years 
 
 ;, of age. Thomas Main had incurred a debt of about two hundred dollars and 
 
 , .; was unable to discharge it until some sixteen years later, when his son William 
 
 '. . left the parental roof and at which time the farm was cleared of trees as well 
 
 >.;-' as indebtedness. Thomas P. Main passed away on the 27th of July, 1878, at 
 
 '^' ;'.' Boone, Iowa, where he had removed some twelve years earlier and where a 
 
 ;'.;;; 'son and daughter had preceded him. In his family there were eight children. 
 
 ' ,; ' V; For many years he was recognized as a pillar in the Methodist Episcopal church, 
 
 ' .;\'' acting as class leader and Sunday school superintendent and long serving in one 
 
 ';::.-; official capacity or another. His wife, whose natal year was 1808, was also a 
 
 . ' representative of an old New England family of English descent. Her demise 
 
 : ' occurred soon after she and her husband had established their home in Chenango 
 
 -. ; i county. New York. 
 
 ':. William B. Main acquired his early education in the district schools but his 
 advantages in this direction were meager, for his services were required on the 
 home farm and he was able to attend school for only about two months each 
 winter, often being too busy to begin his studies until after the ist of January. 
 V.: On attaining the age of twenty years he started out in life on his own account, 
 ' ' securing employment as a farm hand in Chenango county. In 1857 he came to 
 Altona, Knox county, Illinois, here breaking prairie and operating a threshing 
 '. : machine and working as post driver until i86i. In that year he enlisted for 
 ;. three year's service in the Union army, becoming a member of Company I, 
 /' ': Seventeenth Illinois Volunteer Infantry, on the 25th of May. At the siege of 
 Fort Donelson, however, he was obliged to sleep on the snow and share one 
 '' blanket with two other men, contracting a severe cold. This together with a 
 chronic enteric sickness, reduced his weight from one hundred and sixty to one 
 hundred and six pounds and on April 28, 1862, he was discharged on account 
 V of disability. He returned to Galesburg, Illinois, and was an invalid through- 
 ; out the summer. In the fall he took up railroad work and was soon afterward 
 ' '-^ made a conductor on the Burlington road, running a freight train from Gales- 
 ; burg to Aurora for seven years and a passenger train from Galesburg to 
 -':'-' Peoria for ten years. In 1878, in company with A. J. Shaw and William Win- 
 cup, he went to northwestern Texas and acquired some twenty thousand acres 
 of land in Floyd and Hale counties. Buying railroad land warrants, paying 
 .; '. sixty-five dollars for warrants covering six hundred and forty acres, and also 
 ' : incurring additional expense for surveys and entrance fees, the land cost them 
 
 about one hundred and five dollars per section. ii. ^: /.. 
 
 ', . After returning to Galesburg, Mr. Main resumed his railroad work. In the 
 
 r fall of 1878 he traded some Texas land for one of the best residences in Abing- 
 
 don as well as a farm near the town. In the spring of 1879 he came to Abing- 
 
 . don and has here resided continuously up to his demise. He left the railroad 
 
 ; service in October, 1879, and on the ist of June, i88i, purchased the hardware 
 
 "; business of H. L. Chaffee, of Abingdon, remaining one of the leading merchants 
 
 - , of the town for about fifteen years. In 1896, having accumulated a handsome 
 
 v; competence, he put aside active business cares, turned his establishment over 
 
 '. to his son-in-law, C. D. Byram, to enjoy the last fifteen years of his life in 
 
 J honorable retirement. He was likewise a prominent factor in financial circles, 
 
 serving as president of the First National Bank for some years and as a director 
 
830 HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY -'xv ? 
 
 ' "' ' I , *'^- "* ' 
 
 of the institution until January i, 1911, when he withdrew and turned his .' .- 
 
 banking interests over to his son-in-law. For twenty years he acted as trustee -:=; ' 
 of Hedding College and for several years was chairman of the finance corn- ;.'. 
 mittee and treasurer of the college. . 1 ; ' . - :' '" : 
 
 On the 1 7th of January, 1865, Mr. Main was united in marriage to M!iss Har- .--.;'. 
 
 riet M. Bills, of Bainbridge, New York, by whom he had two children : Carrie v;." 
 
 E., the wife of C. D. Byram ; and George W., who is a resident of Kansas City, .j ^" 
 
 Missouri. Mr. Main was formerly identified with the Masonic fraternity, being '1.: 
 
 a demitted member of the blue lodge, the chapter, commandery and Eastern .V, 
 
 Star. He was a member of the board of trustees of the Methodist Episcopal ;.; 
 
 church, to which his wife now belongs. Mr. Main died in January, 1912, in the i'.;,; 
 seventy-eighth year of his life. He enjoyed to a large extent the respect and ;- 
 
 veneration of all who came in contact with him in a business or social way and ' ; 
 is sincerely mourned by a host of friends who reverently cherish his memory. - 
 His loss is irreparable to his immediate family, to whom he was the most devoted ; .. 
 
 and loving husband and father. .:y.'.: 
 
 ,: ;;y BENJAMIN FRANKLIN SHAFFER. ^^ ^ 
 
 Benjamin Franklin Shaffer, who has resided in Knox county for fifty-seven 
 years, is one of the best known and most highly respected citizens within its 
 borders. The earlier years of his manhood were spent as a farmer and stock- 
 man, while later he turned his attention to mercantile pursuits. At the present 
 time, however, he is living on his farm adjoining the town of Williamsfield. 
 His birth occurred near Youngwomans Town, Cameron county, Pennsylvania, 
 on the ist of January, 1848, his parents being Benjamin B. and Elizabeth 
 (Caldwell) Shaffer. The father was born near Sinnamahoning, Clinton county, 
 Pennsylvania, while the mother's birth occurred near Youngwomans Town, 
 Cameron county, that state. Both were consistent and devoted members of 
 the Methodist Episcopal church. Benjamin B. Shaffer was a local minister 
 for many years and while in Pennsylvania also engaged in the lumber business. 
 In 1855 he came to Illinois, settling on a farm of two hundred and forty acres 
 in Truro township, Knox county. ,. r-: = ...';! v ;. '^ 
 
 Benjamin Franklin Shaffer, who was a little lad of seven when he came 
 with his parents to this county, obtained his early education in a district school 
 and later continued his studies in the Yates City high school. Together with 
 two brothers, he also assisted in the operation of the home farm, thus early 
 becoming familiar with the duties and labors that fall to the lot of the agri- 
 culturist. When twenty-two years of age, his father having taken up his abode 
 in Yates City, our subject rented the homestead place and turned his attention 
 to general agricultural pursuits on his own account, devoting considerable time 
 to stock. A great lover of animals he takes keen interest in stock of all kinds 
 and was one of the first to introduce imported Norman horses. While on the 
 farm he met with a serious accident, which crippled him for life and made him 
 unable to walk without crutches for six or eight years. Finding it difficult to 
 carry on the work of the fields thus handicapped, he embarked in the mercantile 
 
HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY 'v v n 831 
 
 business at Douglas, Illinois, in 1882, remaining there until 1888, when he 
 removed to Williamsfield, where he conducted the first store and also the post- 
 office. At the end of two years his health had become so impaired that he 
 abandoned mercantile pursuits and traded his store for some Kansas land and 
 Norman horses. Since that time he has resided on his farm adjoining the 
 town of Williamsfield, now making his home with his two youngest children. 
 
 On the 5th of November, 1874, Mr. Shaffer was united in marriage to Miss 
 Sarah Lydia Foster, a daughter of Thomas J. and Sarah H. Foster. The 
 first representative of the family in this country was the grandfather of Mrs. 
 Shaffer, a successful farmer and stock dealer, who came to the United States 
 in 1834. Our subject and his wife had seven children, four of whom are yet 
 living. Thomas B., a sketch of whom appears on another page of this work, 
 is a druggist of Oneida. Bertha Aves, whose birth occurred on the I4th of 
 August, 1880, attended Knox College and also received an excellent musical 
 education, teaching that art for a time. On the 23d of June, 1909, she gave 
 her hand in marriage to James A. McHenry, of Cofleyville, Kansas, who acts 
 as cashier for the Missouri Pacific Railroad Company at that place. Ada 
 Elizabeth, whose natal day was May 12, 1884, is a graduate of the Williams- 
 field high school and followed the profession of teaching for a number of 
 years. William Caldwell, who was born on the ist of February, 1886, is also 
 a graduate of the Williamsfield high school. 
 
 Mr. Shaffer gives his political allegiance to the democracy and for many 
 years has served as school director and commissioner of highways. For six 
 years he acted as democratic chairman of Truro township and during both of 
 President Cleveland's administrations held the office of postmaster, serving dur- 
 ing his first term at Douglas, Illinois, and during his second term at Williams- 
 field. In 1869 he joined the Odd Fellows lodge but later resigned therefrom 
 and in 1888 became identified with the Modern Woodmen of America, of which 
 he is still a member. Since 1898 he has also belonged to the Bankers Life 
 Association. In the county where he has resided from early boyhood. Mr. 
 Shaffer has a circle of friends that is almost coextensive with the circle of his 
 acquaintances. 
 
 MICHAEL BAYMILLER. 
 
 Michael Baymiller, who for the past twenty-one years has lived retired in ' 
 Abingdon, was born in Cumberland county, Pennsylvania, on the 2Oth of 
 October, 1835. He is a son of John and Mary (Smith) Baymiller. natives of 
 York county, that state, where they were also married. Later they located in 
 Cumberland county, whence they migrated to Ohio, settling in Columbiana 
 county, subsequently removing to Harrison and later to Montgomery counties. 
 In 1854 they came to Illinois, locating on a farm in McDonough county that 
 he cultivated until his retirement, when he went to Industry, where he was 
 living at the time of his death. Mr. Baymiller, who was a veteran of 
 the war of 1812, was a stanch democrat in his political principles, but was 
 
832 HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY ''K- .', 
 
 never an office seeker. Both he and his wife were ardent members of the 
 Methodist Episcopal church, in the faith of which they reared their family. 
 
 The boyhood and youth of Michael Baymiller were spent in the country, 
 his education being obtained in the district schools. When he had attained the 
 age of eighteen years he apprenticed himself to the carpenter's trade, but upon 
 the completion of his period of service returned to the farm. He devoted his 
 energies to the cultivation of the soil until 1862 and in September of that year 
 he enlisted as a private in Company I, Seventy-eighth Illinois Volunteer In- 
 fantry and went to the front. He saw much hard service, participating in the 
 battles of Chickamauga, Missionary Ridge, Rocky Face, Kenesaw Mountain, 
 Peach Tree Creek, Bentonville and the siege of Atlanta. He was also with 
 Sherman when he made his famous march to the sea. On the 7th of June, 
 1865, he was mustered out and returning home, spent the ensuing year on his 
 father's farm. At the expiration of that period he opened a shop and for five 
 years thereafter gave his undivided attention to the cabinet-maker's trade. He 
 withdrew from this in 1871 and engaged in carpentry work and contracting 
 during the remaining period of his active career. About 1890 he removed to 
 Abingdon, where he has ever since resided and is held in high esteem. 
 
 Mr. Baymiller has been twice married, his first union having been with ^fiss 
 Mahala Pennington of Industry township, McDonough county, in 1860. One 
 son was born unto them, Joel Franklin, who is residing in Pullman, Washing- 
 ton. Mrs. Baymiller died while he was in the service and in 1866 he was 
 married the second time, his choice being Miss Martha A. Carroll, also of 
 Industry. Of this union there were born three children, two of whom are liv- 
 ing: Minnie M., who is an osteopath physician; and Clarence B., a principal of 
 a Peoria school. Both are graduates of Hedding College. The mother of 
 these children passed away in 1905. 
 
 Politically, Mr. Baymiller is a prohibitionist, thus voicing his views on the 
 liquor question and, in matters of faith, he is a Methodist. He is well known 
 in Abingdon and although he has never taken any part in the public life of 
 the town has, by reason of his many fine personal qualities, won the high regard 
 and friendship of many of the best citizens. 
 
 ' V- r J. A. SWEBORG. ,:; 
 
 One of the thrifty and enterprising citizens of Cedar township, who for .y ; -: 
 
 thirty-one years has been successfully identified with the agricultural interests .' ', 
 
 of Knox county, is J. A. Sweborg. His birth occurred in Linkoping, Sweden, '.'';; 
 
 on February 23, 1840, his parents being Johanas and Catherine (Peterson) : 
 
 Sweborg, both of whom spent their entire lives in Sweden, where the father X; . ' 
 
 engaged in carpentry work and farming. The family of Mr. and Mrs. Sweborg ', . .; 
 
 numbered five, as follows: Anna and Andrew P., both of whom continue to -.v.V v 
 
 live in the old country; Caroline, who is a resident of Bloomington, Illinois; . " ' 
 
 Dolinda, who is also in Sweden; and J. A., our subject. <:'''-. 
 
 The common schools of his native land provided J. A. Sweborg with such .' ;, 
 
 educational advantages as he enjoyed during his early boyhood. The first twenty- >- . . 
 
'.;_ HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY , .; ; ^, 838 
 
 eight years of his life were spent in the old country, but being ambitious and 
 energetic he early determined to come to America, feeling assured that here he 
 would find greater opp)ortunities. In 1868 he took passage for the United 
 States, arriving here with a capital of six dollars. He first located in Gales- 
 burg but after working there for a short time went to Knoxville, where for 
 several years he held the position of section foreman on the Chicago, Burlington 
 & Quincy Railroad. Possessing the thrift that usually characterizes the people 
 of. his country he had carefully saved a portion of his earnings until in 1880 
 he had accumulated sufficient means to enable him to engage in farming. He 
 first located in Orange township, where he spent nineteen years, at the expira- 
 tion of which period he removed to his present homestead in Cedar township. 
 Here he owns one hundred and seventy acres of fertile land, upon which he 
 has wrought extensive improvements, and is successfully engaged in general 
 farming. ::->-; ^v'-': . -: ;- 
 
 In 1871 Mr. Sweborg was united in marriage to Miss Caroline Anderson, 
 and of this union there were born four children : Ernest, who follows the 
 carf>enter's trade in Galesburg; Albin J., who is living on a farm adjoining his 
 father's place ; and Amanda and A. D., both of whom are at home. 
 - In religious matters the family have always affiliated with the Swedish Luth- 
 eran church of which the parents are members. Mr. Sweborg is one of those 
 energetic and industrious Scandinavians who have figured so prominently in the 
 agricultural development of the great middle west, of which they have become 
 an integral part. ;;''. ' .,"::'-:' :^;:V;'^':-'-'' ;.^"-^';".' ' ^ '^'-vj: '.::.''.,'''. ,v''\'- 
 
 : ; T N. HENRY McGIRR. - v "v 
 
 Varied interests engage the attention of N. Henry McGirr, who is one of 
 the extensive property owners of Maquon township in addition to which he 
 operates a farming machinery and implement store, and a blacksmith and 
 machinery repair shop at Maquon. His present homestead, which is three and 
 a half miles from Maquon, is located across the road from the farm where his 
 birth occurred on April 9, 1860. His father, Mahlon McGirr, was bom in Stark 
 county, Ohio, in 1827, and there he spent the first eleven years of his life. His 
 .next place of residence was Washington county, Ohio, where he lived for about 
 twelve years, and then came to Maquon. He followed the blacksmith's trade 
 in Ohio, but after coming here, he did carpentry work, but subsequently with- 
 drew from this trade and took up farming, which he followed until his death 
 at the age of sixty-seven. Eor his wife Mr. McGirr chose Miss Sarah L. Bar- 
 bero, and together they at one time owned four hundred and twenty-seven acres 
 of land in Knox county, a portion of this now being the property of our sub- 
 ject. Of the marriage of Mr. and Mrs. McGirr there were born six children: 
 Leslie; Levi; N. Henry, our subject; Frederick, who is deceased; Rosie L. ; 
 and Mary. In his religious faith the father was a Quaker. :.-. - .'- . 
 
 Reared in the township where he was born N. Henry McGirr attended tlie 
 district schools of the vicinity until he was old enough to begin preparations 
 for his real life work. After laying aside his school books, he entered a black- 
 
;-;;/ ' , . : - ':-- .,:' ':. .;,.. ^ ; '''^-^-''-^'^-^^^^V^'-'^f^'-K .-'-;'' 
 
 834 HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY - :^- ' ' - J . ^^ 
 
 smith shop in Maquon, where he learned the trade. As soon as he became self- 
 supporting, like the majority of ambitious young men he was desirous of see- 
 ing the world, so he set out for the west, where he spent a few years. Re- 
 turning to Maquon he established a shop that he operated for a time, and then 
 went to the Black Hills, where he remained until 1888. In the latter year he 
 located in Galesburg, taking a position on the Chicago, Burlington & Quincy 
 Railroad, where for five years and ten months he was fireman on an engine. At 
 the expiration of that period he decided to take up farming, and after his father's 
 death, in 1894, he returned to Maquon township. Here he now owns three hun- 
 dred and four acres of fine land, the greater part of which he rents to his son, 
 devoting his entire attention to conducting his business. In his store is to be 
 found practically everything in the way of farming implements, machinery, 
 hardware, fences, seed or appliances of any kind needed by the average agri- 
 culturist. He also has a shop where he repairs machinery of all kinds and 
 also does horseshoeing, and such other work as is usually done in a blacksmith 
 establishment. Rare mechanical skill and business sagacity have enabled Mr. 
 McGirr 'to make a success of anything he has undertaken, and he is now one of 
 the substantial and highly prosperous citizens of Maquon township. 
 
 For his companion and helpmate on life's journey he chose Miss Eva May 
 McCord, of this county, and they have one son, Glenn, who was born in Feb- 
 ruary, 1884. He married Miss Freda Bearmore and they have two children, 
 Nona and Eva. Glenn McGirr is one of the successful young agriculturists of 
 Knox county and now operates the greater part of his father's land. 
 
 Fraternally Mr. McGirr is a member of the Ancient Order of United Work- 
 men, and his political support he gives to the republican party, but has always 
 been too deeply engrossed in promoting his own interests to devote much at- 
 tention to political activities. 
 
 GEORGE P. EDMUNDSON. 
 
 Possessing those qualities industry, energy and perseverance so neces- 
 sary for success in any line of activity, George P. Edmundson has, by close appli-, 
 cation and wise management, brought himself to a creditable place among the 
 substantial agriculturists of Knox county, within whose borders his entire life 
 has been spent. He was born in Indian Point township, on the 6th of July, 
 1853, a son of William and Anna Edmundson, natives of North Carolina and 
 Ohio respectively. The parents came to Knox county, Illinois, as early as 1840, 
 and here located upon land which is now in possession of our subject. At that 
 time land was very reasonable in this locality and Mr. Edmundson became the 
 owner, through purchase, of one hundred and ninety-two acres located in In- 
 dian Point township, to the development and improvement of which he devoted 
 his time and attention throughout his remaining days. He and his wife are both 
 now deceased. Of their family of nine children four are yet surviving. The 
 sisters of our subject are Elizabeth, Josephine and Maria Thursy, the latter the 
 wife of Luke Fielder, of Knox county. . . . _ . . ' 
 
;;;;;' HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY :; ^' " 885 
 
 Reared amid the wholesome scenes and environment of rural life, George 
 P. Edmundson became a pupil in the district schools of Indian Point township, 
 devoting the winter months to the acquirement of an education while the sum- 
 mer seasons were spent in assisting his father in the work of the home farm. 
 As soon as he was able to handle the plow he took his place in the fields and 
 with his increasing strength and years new tasks were assigned to him until he 
 had mastered the various branches of agriculture. His entire life has been de- 
 voted to this line of activity and since his father's demise he has remained on the 
 home place, concentrating his energies upon its further improvement and cul- 
 tivation. He now owns and operates one hundred and tvyenty acres, located on 
 section 29, Indian Point township, constituting a farm as well kept and valuable 
 as any in this locality. Earnest, industrious and persevering, he has carefully 
 and systematically performed all of the various labors that comprise the life of 
 the farmer, and the excellent condition of his fields today indicates the success- 
 ful accomplishment of his undertaking. 
 
 Mr. Edmundson was married, in 1882, to Miss Laura A. Rowe, who was 
 born in Indian Point township, Knox county, a daughter of Silas an3 Mary 
 Rowe, early settlers of this county. The father is now deceased but the mother 
 still survives at the remarkable old age of ninety-six years. The marriage of 
 Mr. and Mrs. Edmundson has been blessed with six children of whom two, how- 
 ever, have passed away. Those surviving are: Elorence, who is the wife of 
 Andrew Hobbs, a farmer of Indian Point township, and the mother of a son, 
 CliflFord ; Mina, who married Jesse Baker, of Warren county, Illinois ; and 
 Eranklin and Daisy, both at home, the elder assisting his father in the operation 
 of the home farm. 
 
 Mr. and Mrs. Edmundson hold membership in the Christian church, the 
 teachings of which form the guiding influences of their life, and members of their 
 family are also affiliated with that denomination. Clean principles, high purpose 
 and honorable dealing will win esteem and confidence in any land and clime, and 
 that these qualities have been manifest in the life of George P. Edmundson is 
 indicated by the high place which he has won in the regard of his fellowmen. 
 
 ' 'W, ;.';:':': ''-',. ^- ; >;':;" JOHN GALPIN. --vV..-: ' ' ; , >; ^\^ -. ;v,-^--;;' 
 
 John Galpin, one of the early settlers of Knox county, Illinois, and for fifty- 
 nine years closely associated with the life and history of this locality, was born 
 in Morgan county, Indiana, in 1827. He was a son of T. L. Galpin, a native 
 of New York state, who came west settling in Indiana in 1820. Later he re- 
 moved to Jo Daviess county, Illinois, where he died at the age of seventy-two. 
 His wife, whose maiden name was Nancy Case, died in 1840 at the age of forty. 
 There were nine children in the family. , , * 
 
 John Galpin obtained his education in Knox county in the old log school- 
 house near his home. It was a rude little structure with square pieces cut out 
 of the solid log to serve as windows and hard slab benches on which the pupils 
 sat. There were deep woods all about and the way to and from school was 
 long and difficult for most of the children. When eighteen years old he learned 
 
-.886 HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY 
 
 , the coop>er trade and worked at this occupation for five years. In 1850 he joined 
 \ the multitudes thronging to the gold fields of California and in 1852 returned to 
 ' Illinois, settling in Knox county, where he bought a farm on Spoon river. Later 
 he sold this place and bought eighty acres of land elsewhere, selling it after a 
 . time and buying the farm which he owns at present, one hundred and sixty 
 acres in Elba township, Knox county. Here he improved the land, put up sub- 
 stantial buildings, and pursued general farming as well as stock-raising for many 
 years. He is now living retired, making his home with his son, who is operating 
 the farm and continuing its cultivation according to the progressive methods of 
 modern farming. 
 
 The marriage of Miss Augusta Curtis and Mr. Galpin occurred on Novem- 
 ber 8, 1852. She is a native of Washington county, Ohio, and was a daughter 
 of Paul and Sarah Ann (Dilly) Curtis, residents of Ohio who became early 
 settlers of Illinois, living in Jersey county, then in Jo Daviess county and lastly 
 in Knox county. The father died at the age of ninety-three and the mother at 
 the age of seventy-three. They were the parents of nine children. 
 
 In the family of Mr. and Mrs. Galpin there were nine children. George 
 Ogden died in infancy. T. L., living in Galesburg, married Miss Jennie Calla- 
 han and is the father of one child. Sadie, the wife of Mr. Case, lives in Chicago 
 and is the mother of two children. Mary, the wife of Mr. Youngs, is living in 
 Missouri. There were nine children in her family. John Wesley, married to 
 Dora .Mason, resides in Kewanee, Illinois. Henry, married to Jessie Connell, 
 lives at Williamsfield and is the father of two children. Frank, married to 
 Miss Lowman, lives one mile east of the home farm. He is the father of one 
 child. Rosa, who married Mr. Sherman of Galesburg, has one child. Fred F., 
 the youngest son, operates the home farm in Elba township. His wife was 
 formerly Miss Martha Dobbs. They are the parents of one child. 
 
 In politics Mr. Galpin gives his allegiance to the republican party. He held 
 the office of school director for a number of years. He and his wife are meni- 
 bers of the Methodist Episcopal church and their earnest Christian lives have 
 won for them the respect of all who know them, and among the inhabitants of 
 Knox county they have a host of warm friends. ; . .' ', \: . 
 
 '^ -.v- , JOSEPH GEHRING. .. ', vV ; 
 
 Joseph Gehring, now retired, was formerly a prosperous representative of 
 the farming and stock-raising interests in Knox county. Illinois. He was born 
 March i6, 1856, in Sparta township, east of Wataga. He was a son of Xavier 
 and Elizabeth (Heminger) Gehring, both natives of Germany, the former born 
 in Baden, February 9, 1825, the latter in Wurtemberg, in 1826. The paternal 
 grandparents were Bennett and Elizabeth (Closman) Gehring and the great- 
 grandparents were Mathias and Susan Gehring. On coming to this country, 
 the father of our subject remained in New York during the first four years, 
 working for four dollars a month. In 1853 he came west to Knox county, 
 Illinois, locating in Sparta township. He bought the old homestead which is 
 still in the family and there lived for fifty-one years, carrying on agricultural 
 
MI!S. .losKI'll 
 
JOSKI'II c;Klll{IN(; 
 
HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY v r 841 
 
 pursuits on a large scale and feeding sometimes as many as one hundred head 
 of cattle for the market. He was a member of the Lutheran church and in his 
 political predilections was a republican. His death occurred in 1906. There 
 were three children in his family: Henry, who is living in Galesburg; Amelia, 
 the wife of P. A. McDowell, living on a farm in Copley township; and Joseph. 
 After attending the district school Joseph Gehring assisted his father with 
 the work of the farm until he was twenty-four years old. He then married 
 and, purchasing a farm near Wataga, engaged in farming on his own account. 
 For twenty-four years he cultivated and improved this land and raised stock 
 for shipment. During this time he acquired much additional land, owning on 
 his retirement in 1903 several farms, most of which land he divided among his 
 children. 
 
 / In 1880 Mr. Gehring married Miss Cora Peterson, a daughter of O. P. Peter- 
 son, who was a native of Sweden. Her death occurred in 1895 at the age ot 
 thirty-five. By this marriage Mr. Gehring became the father of four children. 
 Adella Maud is the wife of H. L. Freed, a depot agent at Wataga for the Chi- 
 cago, Burlington & Quincy Railroad Company, and they have one child, Arthur 
 Lee. Edna May, formerly a bookkeeper in Galesburg, has for the past two 
 years held the position of cashier of the Bank of Wataga. Arthur Joseph mar- 
 ried Nina MacDonald and is now operating the home farm in Sparta town- 
 ship. Myrtle Irene is the wife of Winn Miller, an automobile electrician living 
 
 in Galesburg. .; : 7 ^^ ;i..v. V; . : :-'''' ,'^'. ,/'; 
 
 Mr. Gehring was again married, March 25, 1896, at the home of the bride's 
 parents in Wataga, his second union being with Miss Harriet A. Knight, who 
 was born at that place February 26, 1867. By this union there is one child, 
 Frank Earl, living at home. Mrs. Gehring is a daughter of Peter and Sarah 
 A. '^Morgan) Knight. Her father was born in Gloucestershire, England, Jan- 
 uary 26, 1828, his parents being William and Sarah Knight, of Gloucestershire. 
 In 1854 he came to America and here worked at the mason's trade during the 
 summer months, while during the winter he engaged in coal mining. He mar- 
 ried Miss Sarah A. Morgan, who was also born in Gloucestershire, Eng- 
 land, June 21, 1849,- and was a daughter of Abram and Mary J. (Philips) 
 Morgan. She was only three years of age when her mother died and her 
 father subsequently married Miss Eliza Morgan, also of Gloucestershire. In 
 1856 the family emigrated to the United States, the children being at that 
 time Sarah and an infant son, Isaac. In religious faith they were Congregation- 
 alists. To Mr. and Mrs. Knight were born two children. Harriet A. and Wil- 
 liam A., of Wataga. Mr. Knight died on the 24th of April, 1904. / '\ .' 
 
 Both Mr. and Mrs. Gehring are members of the Methodist Episcopal church 
 of Wataga, in which he served as a trustee for twenty-five years, having 
 altogether filled that office for the past thirty-one years. Fraternally he is an 
 active member of the Mystic Workers of the World. He is a strong prohibition- 
 ist in his political views and has held the office of school director for sixteen 
 years. Mrs. Gehring is also a member of the Mystic Workers and during girl- 
 hood joined the Independent Order of Good Templars, becoming a member of 
 the lodge at Wataga in 1884. She now holds membership with the Women's 
 Christian Temperance Union and was president of that organization in 1896. 
 For the past four years she has been president of the Ladies' Aid Society of 
 
 VoL n 88 
 
 
842 HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY ^v-' ":-| '-; 
 
 the Methodist Episcopal church, has taught the primary class in the Sunday 
 school for twelve years and for several years before that time taught in the 
 intermediate grades. Both he and her husband have taken a prominent part 
 in the moral development of the community and are held in the highest esteem 
 by all who know them. 
 
 :/;;;;;;.. -- c. R. BLISS. .'.'": :-v-r^, >;...., 
 
 . . c. R. Bliss is engaged in general farming and stock-raising on section 20, 
 Chestnut township, where he operates three hundred and fifty acres of land, 
 one hundred and forty of which he owns. He was born on the farm where 
 he now resides on the 2d of October, 1883, his parents being C. T. and Harriet 
 (Coffman) Bliss, both natives of Ohio. The father, who was born near Lake 
 Erie came to Illinois during his early manhood, locating on the farm where our 
 subject now lives. He devoted his time and attention to the cultivation and 
 improvement of this property during the remainder of his life. The mother, 
 whose birth occurred in Clinton county, Ohio, came to Illinois with her brother 
 and here she met the man who subsequently became her husband. She is still 
 living and now makes her home in Abingdon. the father, however, passed away 
 in 1899 and was laid to rest in the cemetery at Hermon. Mr. Bliss belonged 
 to the Christian church, of which his widow is still a member, and fraternally 
 he was an Odd Fellow. He had a brother Azro, who went to the front during 
 the Civil war and there he died. In politics Mr. Bliss was a stanch republican, 
 and always took an earnest interest in all public matters, particularly local affairs 
 of a governmental nature. The family of Mr. and Mrs. Bliss numbered five; 
 L. W., who is deceased ; Charles, who passed away in 1896 ; Laura, who is un- 
 married and living at home; Emma, the wife of W. E. May, a resident of 
 Nolan, New Mexico ; and C. R., who is our subject. 
 
 From his infancy C. R. Bliss has been accustomed to life in the country, 
 always having lived amid the scenes now associated with his daily life. In the 
 acquirement of an education he attended the district schools in the vicinity of 
 his home, after the completion of which he studied for a time at Hedding Col- 
 lege, and also pursued a commercial course in the Gem City Business College. 
 Having decided that he preferred life on the farm to a commercial career, he 
 returned home and directed his attention along agricultural lines. From his 
 earliest boyhood he had been trained in the care of the fields and crops and by 
 the time he had attained his maturity was a good practical farmer, having a 
 comprehensive knowledge of all the principles of general agriculture as well as 
 stock-raising. Mr. Bliss has met with a goodly measure of success in the direc- 
 tion of his undertakings because of his capable and intelligent manner of con- 
 centrating his energies so as to attain the highest results with the minimum 
 expenditure of effort. He is progressive in his methods, sparing no expense 
 in equipping his farm with all modern agricultural implements, but he is prac- 
 tical in his ideas and conservative, not too quickly abandoning an old, well 
 tried method for a fad of the moment. He is the owner of one hundred and 
 forty acres of fertile, highly cultivated land, upon which he maintains good 
 
;.; v;;,: ' :- HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY \ ;;::- ;,_. 343 
 
 improvements, his being one of the attractive places of the township. In con- 
 nection with general farming he engages in raising and feeding stock, under- 
 takings which have proven to be most remunerative under his capable super- 
 vision. 
 
 Mr. Bliss completed his arrangements for a home by his marriage, in 1904, 
 to Miss Isabelle Walker, who is a native of Hancock county, Illinois. Of this 
 union there have been born two children : Frances, who is deceased ; and Rich- 
 ard, who is an interesting child of three years. 
 
 The religious faith of Mr. and Mrs. Bliss is made manifest through their 
 membership in the Christian church, while politically he is a republican in 
 principle, but in local elections gives his support to the man he deems best 
 qualified to subserve the interests of the community, irrespective of party in- 
 dorsement. Mr. Bliss is one of the self-reliant, energetic men of Chestnut 
 township, whose unremitting efforts are rapidly bringing him to the fore, and 
 he is becoming known as one of the competent and prosperous farmers of his : 
 community. 
 
 '.; - . -. : ;/; - -; . EDWARD STEGALL. ':'": . ; ' - ' ,y':. ..;;;::;V:;^' .- 
 
 The attractiveness of Illinois as a place of residence is indicated by the fact ,- , 
 that many of her native sons have remained within her borders, believing that ' 
 her advantages and opportunities are equal if not superior to those to be secured ;- , 
 in other parts of the country. This number includes Edward Stegall, who was .. : 
 born in Cedar township, Knox county, on the farm which is yet his home, on ;; 
 the 23d of April, 1862. His parents. Nelson and Elizabeth (Bowman) Stegall, ; 
 were both natives of Ohio, where the father engaged in farming for a time. 
 His father had been a soldier in the war of 1812. At an early day the parents 
 of Edward Stegall came to Illinois, settling in Knox county, and here the 
 father entered a tract of government land, located on section 22, Cedar town- 
 ship. It was unbroken prairie when it came into his possession, covered with ^ 
 native grasses, and upon it not a furrow had been turned nor an improvement 
 made. He at once brought the land under cultivation, however, planting the 
 cereals best adapted to soil and climate, and it was not long before his farm v -' 
 had been converted into attractive fields, annually bearing abundant harvests. : V 
 He continued to devote his time and energies to its further development through- '. : 
 out his remaining years, and here he passed away in 1893, having survived his 
 wife, who also died on the old homestead, for three years. Nelson Stegall had 
 three brothers, Frederick, Solomon and Ambrose, who likewise came to Illinois, ; 
 locating in Knox county, but they, too, are now deceased. ;} 
 
 No event of special importance came to vafy the routine of life for Edward : 
 Stegall during the period of his boyhood and youth, which was devoted to the ;. 
 acquirement of an education in the country schools ef Cedar county and to the .;; . 
 performance of such tasks as usually fall to the lot of the country lad. He v 
 early became familiar with the best methods of plowing, planting and harvest- ^ 
 ing, and continued his father's assistant in the work of the farm until the latter's - . 
 death, since which time he has operated the old homestead, promoting its de- . 
 
844 HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY ^ ; - 
 
 velopment and improvement until today it is one of the highly cultivated and 
 valuable properties of the township. It is the visible evidence of his industry, 
 thrift ari3 enterprise, qualities which have ever been salient elements in his 
 nature, and in its well kept appearance it denotes practical methods and a 
 progressive course. 
 
 Mr. Stegall was married in Knox county, Illinois, on the Qth of March, 
 1881, to Miss Mary C. Smith, who was born in Cedar township, this county, 
 on the 1 6th of August, 1864, a daughter of Mack and Ellen (Hickman) Smith. 
 Her parents were both born in Kentucky and at an early day came to Knox 
 county, where they made their home for some time, the father here engaging 
 in farming. Later they took up their abode in Iowa and there continued to 
 make their home until called from this life. Unto Mr. and Mrs. Stegall were 
 born fifteen children, but one is now deceased. Those surviving are as fol- 
 lows : Mack, of Abingdon, Illinois, who married Miss Ethel Wycoff, of that 
 city, and now has two children, Russell and Clyde ; Ellen, who married Clark 
 Shelton, of Abingdon, and is the mother of three children. Lee, Frances and 
 Floyd ; Elizabeth, at home ; Nelson, who married Lena Scholz, by whom he has 
 ope daughter, Dortha ; and Clyde, Martin, Alcie. Ray, Vema, Harvey, Martha, 
 Ada and Vada. twins, and Claude all yet at home. 
 
 Mrs. Stegall holds membership in the Congregational church, while the 
 political allegiance of Mr. Stegall is given to the democratic party. He is 
 serving at present as a school director of Cedar township, although he is not 
 a politician in the sense of office-seeking, and the cause of education finds in 
 him a warm champion. The success which has attended his efforts in connec- 
 tion with his agricultural interests entitles him to recognition among the pros- 
 perous, enterprising and representative citizens of the community. Having 
 spent his entire life within the borders of Knox county he is widely known 
 throughout this locality, and the fact that many of the comrades of his youth 
 continue to remain his best friends indicates that his life has ever been actuated 
 by high and manly principles. , < : '' 'C V^ . ' '^ ' 
 
 J. H. CAIN. 
 
 J. H. Cain is engaged in general farming and stock-raising on a fine eighty 
 acre tract on section 30, Chestnut township, which he has owned and operated 
 for the past thirteen years. He was born in Fulton county, Illinois, on Feb- 
 ruary 5, 1851, the youngest son and fifth child in a family of eight bom of the 
 union of Daniel and Nancy Jane (Jones) Cain. His father was a native of 
 Pennsylvania, his birth having occurred in the vicinity of Pittsburg, where he 
 spent the first nine years of his life. At the end of that time he accompanied 
 his parents on their removal to Illinois, where they lived during the remainder 
 of their days. They located in Fulton county and there Daniel Cain was 
 reared to manhood, completing his education in the public schools of his adopted 
 state. He adopted agriculture for his life vocation, first following this activity 
 in Illinois but subsequently removed to Missouri, where he resided for several 
 years. Later he returned to Illinois, again settling in Fulton county, whence 
 he came to Knox county, where he is still living. The mother, who was a na- 
 tive of the state of New York came to Illinois with her family when quite 
 
'X 
 
 '/; - '- ;^^ . HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY ;; , :;.f^;- 845 
 
 young. They were farming people in Fulton county and there she met and 
 subsequently married Mr. Cain. She passed away thirty-five years ago. Of the 
 marriage of Mr. and Mrs. Cain there were born eight children, those beside 
 our subject being: Angeline. the wife of William Bowden, of Hermon ; 
 Catherine and Caroline, both of whom are deceased ; Delia, the wife of Marion 
 Allen, who is deceased, of Galesburg; Mary, also deceased; Fanny, the wife of 
 John Dolan of Chicago; and Helen, who married Douglas Roberts of 
 Farmington. 
 
 Reared on his father's farm, in the acquirement of his education J. H. Cain 
 attended the common schools of his native state. While iriastering the common 
 branches of English learning, he was also becoming familiar with the practi- 
 cal methods of farming under the supervision and direction of his father. He 
 remained at home until he was twenty years of age, when he set out on an in- 
 dependent career. During the succeeding five years he worked as a farm hand, 
 but by means of his industry and thrift succeeded in accumulating sufficient . 
 capital to enable him to become a property owner at the expiration of the period. 
 He invested his earnings in a tract of land located on section 31, and there for 
 twenty-two years he assiduously applied his energies to general farming and 
 stock-raising. Mr. Cain took great pride in his farm and during his occupancy 
 brought the land into a high state of cultivation and added many improvements 
 to the property, thus greatly enhancing its attractiveness as well as value. Dis- 
 posing of this he removed to his present homestead, whose fertile fields and sub- 
 stantially constructed and well repaired buildings make it a most desirable prop- 
 erty. Mr. Cain has always made a specialty of stock-raising, particularly the 
 breeding and raising of fine horses, being the owner of a fine Percheron stal- 
 lion, "Champion," by name. 
 
 In 1876 Mr. Cain was joined in wedlock to Miss Mary D. Berry, and they 
 have become the parents of eight children : George, who is a resident of Chest- 
 nut township; Nora, the wife of Charles Dikeman, of Delong, Illinois; Alice, 
 who is unmarried, a typist of Chicago ; Nellie, the wife of George Eldridge, liv- 
 ing with her parents ; Sarah, who is unmarried, a typist of Denver, Colorado : 
 and Ralph, Bertha and Grace, all of whom are at home. 
 
 His political allegiance Mr. Cain gives to the republican party, and at the 
 present time is serving as school director. , In matters religious he affiliates with 
 the Methodist Episcopal church of which his wife is an earnest member. Mr. 
 Cain is one of the well known and highly respected citizens of his township, 
 where he has long resided. 
 
 ^.;- ;;;.:-. >:;;- GEORGE R. BYRAM. .v / :'.:;.;:." :;::^;- 
 
 Among the successful enterprises which constitute the business activity of 
 Abingdon is numbered the livery establishment of George R. Byram, a repre- 
 sentative of a family which has long been established in this district. Mr. By- 
 ram was born on a farm southwest of Abingdon, in Indian Point township, 
 Knox county, and is a son of Robert and Nancy (Nance) Byram, natives of 
 Ohio and Knox county respectively. The maternal grandfather of George R. 
 
846 HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY ^ -f , V ; ' ' 
 
 .v'i -,.!-' 't V -.'. . 
 
 Byram saw military service in one of the early wars, while the paternal grand- 
 father was numbered among the early settlers of this section of the state. At 
 an early day he brought his family to Knox county, establishing his home on a 
 farm which he purchased, consisting of one hundred and seventy-three acres of 
 land located southwest of Abingdon. After his death his son, Robert Byram, 
 purchased the interests of the other heirs to the property and continued in its 
 ownership and cultivation for a number of years. He is now living retired 
 from active work and with his wife makes his home in Abingdon. Aside from 
 his connection with agricultural pursuits he has also taken an active and help- 
 ful interest in public affairs, serving for a time as county supervisor and also 
 as tax collector. 
 
 Opportunity for good mental training was afforded George R. Byram, his 
 preliminary education being acquired in the schools of Abingdon, while later 
 he had the benefit of study at Hedding College. His father's farm was the 
 training ground upon which he received his early preparation for the practical 
 duties of life, and after thoroughly mastering the various phases of agriculture 
 he took up farming on his own account, being thus engaged for five years both 
 in Indian Point and Cedar townships. In 1903 he took up his abode in Abing- 
 don and in the following year purchased the livery business owned by the estate 
 of L. S. Austin, to the conduct of which he has since devoted his time and at- 
 tention. He now carries on a general livery and feed business that is up-to- 
 date and modern in all of its appointments, and in its management has been very 
 prosperous, the gratifying degree of success which has attended his efforts 
 being the result of keen business sagacity, close application and sound judgment. 
 
 It was on the 23d of February, 1897, that Mr. Byram was united in mar- 
 riage to Miss Ella M. Dingman, who was born in Iowa on the 6th of February, 
 1874. Her parents came to Abingdon at an early day and here the father engaged 
 in bridge building, being accidentally killed while thus employed. His wife 
 passed away during the early childhood of her daughter who, by her marriage 
 to Mr. Byram, has become the mother of two children, Doren and Donald. Mr. 
 and Mrs. Byram are members of the Christian church and occupy a prominent 
 position in the social circles in which they move. Mr. Byram is keenly alive 
 to the questions and issues of the day and his public spirit prompts his co- 
 operation in all matters for the development and improvement of his home 
 locality. . ^' ..^'. . :'/. , 
 
 ; ^ ,VJ-' ANDREW O. ANDERSON. '::;';;. 
 
 Andrew O. Anderson, whose time is devoted to general farming and stock- 
 raising in Sparta township, his place adjoining the old family homestead, was 
 born on the 2Oth of November, 1860, upon the farm which has long been in 
 the possession of the Anderson family. His father was Ole Anderson, who was 
 born in Christiansund, Norway, February i8, 1820. His father Andrew Olson 
 was born in Christiania, Norway. He followed farming throughout his entire 
 life and both he and his wife, Mrs. Harriet Olson, remained residents of Nor- 
 way until called to their final rest. Ole Anderson, the father, spent the days 
 
\:ti :;;;;' HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY , ::;., 847 
 
 of his boyhood and youth in his native country and in 1849 started for America, 
 accompanied by his wife, Mrs. Mary Anderson, and their one child. While on 
 shipboard on the way from the east to Ottawa the mother became ill and died 
 when the family were between Chicago and Ottawa, her remains being interred 
 at the latter place. For his second wife Mr. Anderson chose Betsy Anderson, 
 who was born in Sweden, May 26, 1839, and was a daughter of Andrew Peter- 
 son, who was born in 1814 and came to America in early life, settling in Sparta 
 township, Knox county, Illinois, where he became a prosperous farmer. He 
 married Anna Hedlund, who was born Oct(3ber i8, 1815, and was a daughter 
 of Jold and Elsie Hedlund, the former a soldier of Sweden, in which country 
 he spent his entire life. The paternal grandparents of Mrs. Olson were Peter 
 and Betsy Larson. Following his second marriage Ole Anderson made his 
 home in Sparta township, becoming one of the well known agriculturists of 
 that community. He brought his land under a high state of cultivation and re- 
 mained for many years on the old homestead, where he at length passed away. 
 He was a Lutheran in his religious belief and was a republican in his political 
 views. The party numbered him among its active and earnest workers for he 
 did all that he could to advance its interests and secure its success. He was 
 drafted for service in the Civil war but never went to the front. His widow 
 still survives and is now living on the old homestead at the age of seventy-two 
 years. 
 
 Andrew O. Anderson had the usual experiences that fall to the lot of the 
 farm boy who is reared under the parental roof and divides his time between 
 the duties of the schoolroom, the pleasures of the playground and the work of 
 the home farm. When he had put aside his text-books he devoted his entire 
 attention to farm work, remaining with his parents until he reached the age of 
 twenty-three years. Later he engaged in farming on his own account in Sparta 
 township for five years and in 1885 went to Texas, where he was engaged in 
 stock-raising for eleven years. He was convinced, however, that Illinois offered 
 better opportunities to him and in 1896 he returned to Sparta township, where 
 he resided until 1903. In that year he purchased his present farm adjoining 
 the old homestead and is now engaged in general agricultural pursuits, cultivat- 
 ing the crops best adapted to soil and climate. By reason of his practical and 
 progressive methods he secures good harvests and thus wins a substantial an- 
 nual income. He also makes stock-raising a feature of his business and this 
 also adds to his success. 
 
 Mr. Anderson has been married twice. He first wedded, in 1890, Emma 
 Weedman, who was born in Victoria, this county, and is a daughter of Ole and 
 Betsy Weedman. In 1896 Mr. Anderson was called upon to mourn the loss of 
 his wife, who passed away in that year, leaving two children : Esther, who was 
 born in Texas, in 1891, and is now a student in Lombard University of Gales- 
 burg; and Rufus, who was born m 1895 and is now attending the public schools. 
 For his second wife Mr. Anderson chose Miss Christine Norlum, who was 
 born in Sweden, in 1883, and is a daughter of Mr. and Mrs. Olaf NorJum, 
 both of whom are yet living in Sweden. The children of the second marriage 
 are Helen and Lloyd, aged respectively six and five years. , =. ^. 
 
 In his fraternal relations Mr. Anderson is a Mason, belonging to Oneida 
 Lodge, No. 337, F. & A. M., which finds in him an exemplary representative. 
 
848 HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY ; - 
 
 true to its teachings concerning mutual helpfulness and brotherly kindliness. 
 His political allegiance is given to the republican party and while he has never 
 held political office he has served for two terms on the school board and is a 
 warm friends of the cause of education. 
 
 ';/'';':'.'-' C. A. ZENOR. :.,-., ..V/Vv ^--'V'- v; 
 
 Among the gallant sons of Illinois, who donned the blue and went to the 
 front in the '6os is C. A. Zenor, a pioneer merchant of Williamsfield, now living 
 retired. He was bom in Putnam county, this state January 23, 1845, ^^^ 's 
 a son of Jacob and Elvira (Skeel) Zenor. The father was born in Kentucky, 
 and there he resided until 1833, when he came to Illinois, settling on a farm 
 in Putnam county that he cultivated until his death at the age of sixty-seven 
 years. Nine children were born to Mr. and Mrs. Zenor. 
 
 The early years of C. A. Zenor were not unlike those of other farmer lads 
 of the pioneer period. He attended the public schools at Hennepin, this state, 
 until he had mastered the common branches and also assisted his father in 
 the work of the farm. At the age of nineteen years he enlisted in the One 
 Hundred and Thirty-ninth Illinois Volunteer Infantry, starting for the front 
 on the 1 3th of May, 1864. He later served in the Forty-seventh Illinois and 
 was a member of the Sixteenth Corps. After the surrender of the Spanish Fort, 
 they started for Montgomery, Alabama, in the midst of a driving storm. Before 
 they began to march. General McArthur said, "Boys, you will be out of the rain 
 soon," meaning that the war was almost over. On the 22d of April, near 
 Greenville, Alabama, a staff officer mounted on a fleet horse came dashing 
 along the line, shouting "Lee has surrendered !" The cheering was long and 
 loud. The rain and mud that made marching almost impossible, their hunger 
 and limited rations, and general physical discomfort was forgotten. The change 
 in their appearance and movements was phenomenal, they were like new men, 
 their vitality was restored and they had no thought save that the war was almost 
 ended. The elation did not last long, however, for in the evening, at Mont- 
 gomery, Alabama, word was received of the assassination of President Lincoln. 
 Early in May they marched to Selma, one of the principal arsenals of the 
 south, and on the 8th of August, 1865, the Sixteenth Corps was disbanded and 
 the mustering out of the troops began. As there was no civil authority then 
 in existence in the south, the Forty-Seventh Illinois was retained to assist in 
 the readjustment of the disorganized country and to protect government prop- 
 erty, as well as to restrain the bands of marauders then prevalent. On the 
 21 st of January, this regiment was also mustered out and took the train for 
 the north. Just north of Corinth, Mississippi, in the night, they had a head- 
 on collision with a construction train loaded with negroes. Two of the soldiers 
 were killed and a number were injured, while the other train was practically 
 demolished and the majority of the negroes killed outright or terribly mangled. 
 They arrived at Springfield, Illinois, on the 2d of February, 1866, and on the 
 following day were paid and discharged. Very soon after his r'eturn home, 
 Mr. Zenor resumed the duties of civil life as a clerk in a dry-goods store. He 
 
MR. AXD MRS. C. A. ZEXOR 
 
848 HISTORY OF KXOX COUNTY 
 
 true to its teachings concerning mutual helpfulness and brotherly kindliness. 
 His political allegiance is given to the republican party and while he has never 
 held political office he has served for two terms on the school board and is a 
 warm friends of the cause of education. 
 
 ; C A. ZEXOR. . : 
 
 Among the gallant sons of Illinois, who donned the blue and went to the 
 front in the '6os is C. A. Zenor, a pioneer merchant of Williamsfield. now living 
 retired. He was born in Putnam county, this state January 23, 1845, and is 
 a son of Jacob and Elvira (Skeel) Zenor. The father was born in Kentucky, 
 and there he resided until 1833, when he came to Illinois, settling on a farm 
 in Putnam county that he cultivated luitil his death at tlie age of sixty-seven 
 years. Xine children were born to ]Mr. and Mrs. Zenor. 
 
 The early years of C. A. Zenor were not imlike those of other farmer lads 
 of the pioneer period. He attended the public schools at Hennepin. this state, 
 until he had mastered the common branches and also assisted his father in 
 the work of the farm. At the age of nineteen years he enlisted in the One 
 Hundred and Thirty-ninth Illinois A'oluntcer Infantry, starting for the front 
 on the 1 3th of May, 1864. He later served in the Forty-seventh Illinois and 
 was a member of the Sixteenth Corps. After the surrender of the S])anisli Fort, 
 they started for Montgomery. Alabama, in the midst of a driving storm. liefore 
 they began to march. General McArthur said. "P.oys. you will be out of the rain 
 soon." meaning that the war was almost over. On the 22(1 of Ajiril. near 
 Greenville. Alabama, a staff officer mounted on a fleet horse came dashing 
 along the line, sliouting "Lee has surrendered !" The cheering was long and 
 loud. The rain and mud that made marching almost impossible, their hunger 
 and limited rations, and general physical discomfort was forgotten. The change 
 in their appearance and movements was ])henomenal. they were like new men. 
 their vitality was restored and they had no thought save that the war was almost 
 ended. The elation did not last long, however, for in the evening, at Mont- 
 gomery. Alabama, word was received of the assassination of President Lincoln. 
 Early in May they marched to Selma. one of the principal arsenals of the 
 south, and on the 8th of August. 1865. the Sixteenth Corps was disbanded and 
 the mustering out of the troops began. As there was no civil authority then 
 in existence in the south, the Forty-Seventh Illinois was retained to assist in 
 the readjustment of the disorganized country and to protect government prop- 
 erty, as well as to restrain the bands of marauders then prevalent. On the 
 2 1st of January, this regiment was also mustered out and took the train for 
 the north. Just north of Corinth. Mississippi, in the night, they had a head- 
 on collision with a construction train loaded with negroes. Two of the soldiers 
 were killed and a number were injured, while the other train was practically 
 demolished and the majority of the negroes killed outriglit or terribly mangled. 
 They arrived at Si)ringfiel(l. Illinois, on the 2d of February. 1866, and on the 
 following day were i)aid and discharged. \'ery soon after his return home. 
 Mr. Zenor resumed the duties of civil life as a clerk in a dry-goods store. He 
 
MR. AXD ill'vS. C. A. /KXOK 
 
HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY 
 
 851 
 
 subsequently engaged in business for himself in Williamsfield, continuing in 
 this line until 1886, when his health failed and he went west to Nebraska. There 
 he purchased a farm that he cultivated for six years, at the expiration of which 
 time he returned to Williamsfield, and again went into business. In the 
 early years of his mercantile life he was associated in business with a Mr. 
 Ryan, under the firm name of Zenor & Ryan. They had purchased the estab- 
 lishment of Parker & Wilder, and later Mr. Zenor bought the interest of 
 Mr. Ryan and took Mr. Elliott into partnership with him, but during the lat- 
 ter years of his commercial career he was associated with Mr. Nelson, the 
 store being operated under the name of Zenor & Nelson. Soon after return- 
 
 ing from the west Mr. Zenor sold his Nebraska farm and in 1908 he with- 
 drew from business life and is now living retired. He still has property inter- 
 
 . ests here, however, and also owns land in Canada. 
 
 For his wife and helpmate, Mr. Zenor chose Miss Alice Thomas, who was 
 born July 28, 1849, a daughter of H. C. Thomas, a farmer of Putnam county. 
 They were married .March 25, 1869, and they became the parents of four chil- 
 dren. Mildred, who is a graduate of music of Shenandoah, Iowa, married R. V. 
 Field, of Galesburg, and they have two children, Lavonne and Zenor D. Mabel, 
 . the second in order of birth, has passed away. Maude, the third daughter, who 
 is a graduate of Knox College of Galesburg, married A. W. Gale, a farmer of 
 Truro township, and they have one child, Alice. Zelda, the youngest in the 
 
 . : family, died at the age of two years. 
 
 Mr. and Mrs. Zenor are members of the Methodist Episcopal church, and 
 fraternally he is affiliated with the Independent Order of Odd Fellows and the 
 
 .' Grand Army of the Republic. His political allegiance he accords to the republi- 
 can party and has served as township assessor and as a member of the local 
 . school board and also of the town board. Mr. Zenor has met with success in his 
 
 ;_ various undertakings and is one of the prosperous and highly esteemed citizens of 
 Williamsfield, where he has resided since the spring of 1892. v v 
 
 :; ^. -;' : ' .-V.V.'"- - .:>"-\'.' DAVID SOUTH. ^:.'^>;:; I';; v _/ ; } -.-i '\:^:f-:^ 
 
 V Through the improvement of opportunities which Illinois offers in agri- 
 cultural lines David South has gained prosperity which now ranks him among 
 the representative citizens of Knox county. He is a native of Indiana, his 
 
 . birth there occurring on the 23d of January, 1842. His parents, William and 
 Deliah South, were natives of Ohio and Pennsylvania respectively, but for a 
 number of years made their home in Indiana, where the father was engaged in 
 
 ' farming at the time of his death. Later the mother came to Knox county, 
 
 .: Illinois, where her remaining days were spent. In their family were three sons. 
 
 . Our subject and a half-brother are the only surviving members of the family. 
 An older brother, Elijah South, who came to Knox county at an early day, 
 
 '; enlisted from Abingdon for service in the Civil war and was killed in the battle 
 
 : of Pittsburg, on the 5th of April, 1862. 
 
 ' David South spent the early part of his life in his native state and 
 
 ., then, in 1851, was brought by his mother to Knox county, Illinois, settlement 
 
852 HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY ^:>:^,:;;;> 
 
 being made upon a farm near St. Augustine. When old enough to enter the 
 business world on his own account, he wisely chose as his life work the occu- 
 pation to which he had been reared and he has since devoted his energies to 
 the occupation of farming, in which direction he is meeting with substantial 
 
 success. ,: : ;.;, j / ;':; r. 
 
 Mr. South has never married. He gives his political support to the demo- 
 cratic party. Although his life has had no exciting chapters it has ever been 
 characterized by all that is honorable and upright in every relation, and his 
 genuine personal worth has gained for him the friendship of a large number 
 of those with whom he has been brought in contact. 
 
 : ; HUGH A. SLOAN. . v ; : '. 
 
 Hugh A. Sloan is the owner of four hundred and seventy acres of highly 
 improved and well cultivated land in Elba and Salem townships, Knox county, 
 where he is most successfully engaged in general farming and stock-raising. 
 He resides on the northwest corner of section 3, Salem township, where he has 
 spent practically his entire life, his birth having occurred there on the iQth of 
 May, 1858. He is a son of John Sloan, who was born in County Antrim, Ire- 
 land, in 1827, and who was also reared and educated there. At the age of 
 twenty-three years he decided to emigrate to the United States and on the I3th 
 of November, 1850, he landed in St. Louis. He remained there until the I3th 
 of the following month when he and his brother went to Oquaka, where he 
 obtained employment as a member of a surveying crew at thirteen dollars per 
 month. He drove the first stake in the survey made for the lines of the Chi- 
 cago, Burlington & Quincy Railroad east of the Mississippi river that year, re- 
 maining in the service of this company for seven years. During the period of 
 his connection with them he held various positions, having assisted in laying 
 out the road between Galesburg and Peoria, while for a time he was also an 
 engineer. Ambitious and thrifty, he carefully saved as much of his salary as 
 was not required to supply him with the actual necessities of life and in 1857 
 he had sufficient capital to buy a farm on section 4, Salem township. His owner- 
 ship but proved an incentive to greater effort, and he applied himself with un- 
 tiring energy to the cultivation and improvement of his homestead. He met 
 with more than average success in his agricultural pursuits, owing to his concen- : 
 tration and intelligent direction of his activities, and so was able to extend the 
 boundaries of his farm from time to time until he had acquired eight hundred 
 acres of land. In connection with the operation of his fields he made a specialty 
 of breeding and raising Shorthorn cattle, being awarded most lucrative returns 
 from both. 
 
 On the I3th of June, 1854, Mr. Sloan was united in marriage to Miss Sarah 
 Allen, also a native of County Antrim and a daughter of Hugh and Sarah 
 (Caulfield) Allen, natives of the same county. The mother passed away on the 
 22d of November, 1832, during the infancy of her daughter, Mrs. Sloan. The 
 paternal grandparents of our subject were James and Mary (Back) Sloan, 
 who spent their lives in the Emerald isle. Of the marriage of Mr. and Mrs. 
 

 V ;; ;;'V.::. /. HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY Vv^': 853 
 
 John Sloan there were born seven children : Mary, the widow of J. W. Hensley 
 of Yates City and Peoria, Illinois, now living in Chicago ; Hugh A., our sub- 
 ject; Sarah, who married E. H. Ware, a sketch of whom appears elsewhere in 
 this volume; James, who is living at home with his mother in Salem township; 
 Susan, who was born on October 7, 1865, and died on the 27th of July, 1879; 
 John, who was born on the 8th of October, 1872, and died on July 27, 1879; 
 and Jessie, who died in August, 1879, at the age of two years and six months. 
 The last three were victims of a diphtheria epidemic. Mrs. Sloan is a member 
 of the Presbyterian church, in the faith of which denomination the family were 
 reared. The father was a Mason, belonging to Yates City Lodge, No. 488, R. 
 A. M. ; and his political views coincided with the principles of the democratic 
 party. He was a man who always took a prominent and active interest in the 
 development of the community and in its governmental affairs. From 1869 
 to 1878 he served as a member of the board of supervisors and was subsequently 
 elected to the state legislature, being a member of the committee on township 
 organizations and also the agricultural and horticultural committee. He was 
 reelected in 1882 and in every way proved to be a most efficient and conscien- 
 tious representative, reflecting credit upon himself and his constituency through 
 his capable discharge of his responsibilities. When the county or town required 
 the services of a man possessed of more than average powers of organization 
 or executive ability, Mr. Sloan was called into requisition. He was appointed 
 to a number of important committees among them being that of the building 
 committee of the county courthouse, and in every instance his duties were ful- 
 filled with a conscientious exactitude rarely to be found in public life. As a 
 friend he was loyal and faithful, in matters of citizenship upright and honor- 
 able, while as a husband and father he was kind and indulgent, and when called 
 to his rest on the 27th of April, 1889, there was deep regret and mourning 
 not only in his immediate circle of family and friends but throughout the com- 
 munity where he had many friends by whom he was held in the highest esteem. 
 Reared on the home farm, Hugh A. Sloan attended the schools of Salem 
 township in the acquirement of his early education, supplemented by a brief 
 period of study in the schools of Elmwood, Illinois. After acquiring such 
 knowledge as was deemed essential to enable him to assume the heavier respon- 
 sibilities of life, he laid aside his school books and gave his entire time and 
 attention to assisting in the work of the farm. Following his marriage in 1883, 
 Mr. Sloan located on his present homestead, on which at that time there was 
 neither a tree nor a building, but many changes have been effected during the 
 long period of his occupancy, and there are now large commodious barns, sub- 
 stantially constructed outbuildings and a comfortable residence, the beauty and 
 attractiveness of which is much enhanced by the large trees that thickly stud 
 the lawn. During the early years of his agricultural pursuits he operated the 
 farm in partnership with his father, but after the latter's death he took over his 
 present holdings, these comprising a trifle more than half of his father's acreage. 
 His fields are almost entirely devoted to cereals, such as can be used for the 
 feeding of cattle, stock-raising being Mr. Sloan's specialty. He has always 
 been very successful in both and is numbered among the highly prosperous 
 farmers of the community, being recognized as a man whose rewards are only 
 commensurate with the intelligent expenditure of effort. 
 
854 HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY . :;y;^ 
 
 On the 22d of March, 1883, Mr. Sloan was united in marriage to Miss Ida 
 Eleanor Baird, who was born in Elba township on June i, 1862. Mrs. Sloan 
 is the only child born of the marriage of Demartis and Charlotte (Wheeler) 
 Baird, natives of Pennsylvania. During the early years of their domestic life 
 they located on a farm of one hundred and sixty acres on Elba township, where 
 Mrs. Sloan was born. Mr. Baird responded to his nation's call and went to 
 the front in defense of the union, being killed in the battle of Resaca. When 
 her little daughter was seven years old Mrs. Baird was married to L. A. Laurence 
 of Yates City, and unto them were born five children, two of whom are living, 
 as are also the parents, who make their home in Yates City. They affiliate 
 with the Presbyterian church. Of the union of Mr. and Mrs. Sloan there have 
 been bom two children, Jessie May and John, both of whom are at home. 
 
 In matters of faith the family are Presbyterians, and fraternally Mr. Sloan 
 is a member of the Modern Woodmen of America, belonging to the Yates City 
 Camp. His political support has always been accorded to the democratic party 
 and he has filled a number of public offices. He first served as school director, 
 subsequently discharging the duties of road commissioner for eleven years in 
 Salem township, while for ten years he was township supervisor. In the spring 
 of 1911 he was again elected road commissioner, and he is also a member of the 
 board of review and president of road and bridge board committee of Knox 
 county. In the administration of his public duties Mr. Sloan has been as judi- 
 cious and discreet as in the direction of his personal affairs, discharging his 
 responsibilities in a manner to meet with the approval not only of his constituency 
 but the community at large. 
 
 : ' '^'..i ;:/:.:':; ' E. H. WARE. .' .; ,, ; /i^;: '-:..' - .. 
 
 E. H. Ware is the owner of a fine farm of six hundred acres located in Salem 
 and Maquon townships, Knox county, that he devotes to general farming and 
 stock-raising. He was born on section 6, Salem township, the farm where he 
 now resides, on the 6th of January, 1862, and is a son of W. K. and Priscilla 
 (Stark) Ware. The parents are now both deceased, the mother having been 
 sixty-two at the time of her demise, and are buried in the cemetery at Peoria, 
 Illinois. W. K. Ware was one of the highly successful farmers and extensive 
 landowners of the pioneer period, having acquired before his retirement five 
 thousand acres of land. Both he and his wife attended the Methodist Epis- 
 copal church and in politics he was a republican, but not an office seeker. Of 
 the union of Mr. and Mrs. Ware there were born three children, of whom the 
 eldest, W. D., is now deceased. Their only daughter, Ida H., became the wife 
 of James A. Penick of Sheridan, Iowa ; and the youngest member of the family, 
 E. H., is our subject. '/-.-. 1 .'"^^ - 
 
 The youthful years of E. H. Ware were spent amid the scenes of his present 
 home, his early education being obtained in the public schools of Douglas. Later 
 he studied for a term or two at Abingdon and also at Sheridan, Iowa, for a 
 time. Having been reared on a farm he early became familiar with the work 
 of the fields and care of the stock and when old enough to lay aside his school 
 
HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY . :;y 855 
 
 books was fully qualified to assume the responsibilities of an agriculturist. He 
 was married at the age of twenty-one years and immediately thereafter located 
 on the place, where he now resides. Although the property is well improved 
 and in a high state of cultivation, Mr. Ware has only made such minor changes 
 as were necessitated by the passing of time, the buildings all being those erected 
 during his father's life time. He has kept them well repaired and as they were 
 substantially constructed, originally, are practically as good at the present time 
 as they were when erected. Stock-raising has always engaged much of Mr. 
 Ware's attention, and at the present time he is making a specialty of thorough- 
 bred Jersey cattle, while formerly it was Poland China hogs, of which he raised 
 about two hundred annually. All work upon his place is conducted under his 
 personal supervision and he annually reaps abundant harvests, while the returns 
 from stock-raising prove to be equally lucrative. 
 
 ' In June, 1882, was celebrated the marriage of Mr. Ware and Miss Sarah 
 A. Sloan of Salem township, where she had been born and reared, a daughter 
 of John and Sarah Sloan. Of the marriage of Mr. and Mrs. Ware there have 
 been born three children : Jessie, who is at home ; Priscilla, training for a pro- 
 fessional nurse in a hospital in Chicago ; and Florence, the wife of William 
 Belden, of Maquon township. , ';- ...... 
 
 Fraternally Mr. Ware is a member of the Modem Woodmen of America, 
 while his political support he gives to the republican party, but is not an office 
 seeker, preferring to give his attention to his personal interests in which he has 
 met with such gratifying success. In addition to his fine farm Mr. Ware is also 
 one of the stockholders of the Ideal Telephone Company. /., - v 
 
 ;\vv: .;! '-' ' \-\- ::'',;:':: :-''-^ s. H. HELLER, -(-n^.^y- ^<0^^v\:&-' 
 
 Progressive and strictly modern in the agricultural methods which he em- 
 ploys, S. H. Heller is numbered among the prosperous farmers of Elba town- 
 ship, Knox county, owning a very fine farm of one hundred and sixty acres 
 five miles from Yates City. He was born in 1848 in Wayne county, Ohio, and 
 was brought to Illinois when one year old. His parents were George and Mar- 
 garet (Gillricks) Heller. The father was a native of Franklin county, Pennsyl- 
 vania and removed to Ohio in middle life. In 1849 he came with his family to 
 
 . Illinois and in 1858 moved farther west, settling in Missouri. He came back 
 to Illinois, however, and, after residing for a year and a half in Fulton county, 
 he came to Knox county and made his home in Elba township in the spring of 
 
 . 1860. He died in May, i88i, at the age of seventy-eight years, having devoted 
 
 : his entire life to agricultural pursuits. There were twelve children in his family. 
 S. H. Heller received his education in the district schools of Knox county 
 
 '- and since entering upon a career has farmed. During the early years he rented 
 land for cultivation until, in 1905, he purchased the present place which he has 
 improved wonderfully since that time. He carries on general farming and stock- 
 raising, making a very comfortable income for himself and his family. 
 
 Mr. Heller was united in marriage to Miss Clara Shade and they are the 
 
 . parents of six children: Floyd, who married Edith Dalton, and has one child; 
 
'" '^'-:':., _: " ' - -''-"-' '-'- -'^' .:."':'v>1; ./,.-/; 
 
 856 J HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY vv^fv: x'l - . 
 
 Earl, who married Bessie Reardon, and has one son ; Elmer, who is at home ; 
 Simon, Jr., who married Nora Howe; Ralph, who married Jennie Blust, and is 
 the father of a son ; and Clarence, who wedded Elizabeth King, of Knox county. 
 Mr. Heller is an ardent republican in his political activities and in his capacity 
 of school director has shown himself qualified to discharge the duties of public 
 office. For sixty-two years a resident of Knox county, he has not only been a 
 witness of the agricultural growth of this locality but has materially contributed 
 to its development. . . -. . 
 
 WILLIAM S. BELLWOOD. 
 
 Dr. William S. Bellwood, a successful medical practitioner of Abingdon, is 
 - a native of Knox county, born March 21, 1866. His grandparents, Seth M. 
 and Polly (Shumaker) Bellwood, both natives of Ohio, were married in 1831 
 and six years later came as pioneers to Knox county, Illinois, where their son 
 'Jefferson was born. The latter, on February 2, i86i, married Miss Mary E. 
 Harvey, the daughter of Joseph and Elizabeth (Lemon) Harvey, both born in 
 Ohio. Their son William S. Bellwood, the subject of this sketch, was born in 
 Knox county, March 21, 1866. His father was one of the substantial farmers 
 of this section of the country and widely known as an extensive stock man, 
 attracting especial attention by his breeding of Shorthorn and Poled Angus 
 cattle. He was numbered among the successful men of Indian Point township 
 and his splendid farm of one hundred and ninety-nine acres on section ii was 
 the source of a comfortable living for himself and his family. In 1888, or 
 thereabout, he took up his residence in Abingdon. He was an active and en- 
 thusiastic worker in Abingdon Lodge, No. 184, I. O. O. F., to which he be- 
 longed. Mr. Bellwood, at the age of sixty-eight years, eight months and five 
 days, died on April 28, 1907, just five days after the death of his wife, who 
 passed away on April 23, 1907, at the age of sixty-four years, five months and 
 twenty-three days. . , ._;; -j ;.-;;; 
 
 William S. Bellwood was brought up on his father's farm and, in the rural 
 school of his vicinity, distinguished himself for aptness and zeal in his studies. 
 When he was twenty years old he became the teacher of the school which he 
 . had attended as a pupil. After two years of teaching he enrolled in Hedding 
 : ; College, taking a special course. Drawn to the study of medicine, however, 
 , from a natural love for the profession as well as the humanitarian ideal of 
 social helpfulness, he left college and in the spring of 1892 began to prepare 
 " himself for his chosen work, reading under Dr. .Madison Reece, in his day one 
 of the most noted practitioners in the country round about. Eager to pursue 
 his studies in a professional school, the young student selected Rush Medical 
 College of Chicago for his training, entering the following fall. He was gradu- 
 : ated from that institution in the class of 1895 and began his practice of medicine 
 at once, locating in Alliance, Nebraska, where he was made surgeon of the 
 > Burlington & Missouri River Railroad and met with unusual success in the pur- 
 ' ' suit of his profession. In 1904 he returned to Abingdon, his home town. Here 
 
:';.>; HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY : -c:-^^ 857 
 
 ,': '-: ';:/';:-,':'-,'.: :';'. ','.'. ' V.' ' 
 
 he has remained ever since, and through unfaltering devotion to his profession 
 has built up a flourishing practice. 
 
 On June 30, 1897, Dr. Bellwood was joined in wedlock to Miss Edna Kelly 
 Shaffer of Fairfield, Iowa. To this union was born one child, Irene. Mr. Bell- 
 wood is a member of the Knox county Medical Society, of the Illinois State 
 Medical Society and of the American Medical Association. He belongs to the 
 Abingdon Lodge No. 185, A. F. & A. M. Always progressive and alive to the 
 needs promoting the best interests of his fellowmen, he has remained inde- 
 pendent in his political views, voting according to the dictates of his best judg- 
 ment. He is a member of the Episcopalian church in which his wife is an 
 active worker. For his faithful performance of the duties devolving upon hin> 
 in his professional as well as his private life, Dr. Bellwood has wod for himself 
 the high esteem of all who know him. As a physician and surgeon he enjoys a 
 wide reputation and a lucrative practice. ;,;;<;. ..' : ::;v- ;;: : 
 
 / ; : v ^;::..:;;' .: ; '.' ; ,'v; JOHN 
 
 In the upbuilding and development of Knox county John Burch has been a 
 potent factor, not only in the improvement of good farming property but also 
 as a builder, in which connection he has erected many substantial dwellings 
 throughout the county. He was born in Albany, New York, in May, 1848, a 
 son of Moses and Maria (Petry) Burch, both of whom were natives of the 
 Empire state. The father, who was a wagon and cabinet-maker, was engaged 
 in that line of activity near Albany for many years. In his family were ten 
 children, five sons and five daughters, of whom eight are now living, including 
 John, the subject of this review. The others are: .Mrs. Betsy Stewart, resid- 
 ing in New York state ; Seth, who makes his home near Albany ; Mrs. Louisa 
 Gold, Rufus, and Mrs. Rosanna Decker, all of whom live in the Empire state; 
 Mrs. Harriet Crawford, whose home is in eastern Illinois ; and William, of 
 New York. 
 
 John Burch acquired his education in the schools of his native state, and 
 at the same time his training at farm work was both practical and comprehen- 
 sive. Later he learned the carpenter's trade, which he continued to follow in 
 connection with agricultural pursuits in New York until 1868, when he came 
 west to Illinois, locating in Abingdon, Knox county, where he resided for a short 
 time. He then removed to a farm in Chestnut township, where he carried on 
 farming and carpentry until 1907, when he came to his present farm, which 
 comprises eighty acres. In the meantime he took a very active and substantial 
 part in the upbuilding of various portions of the county in the capacity of a 
 carpenter, erecting and assisting in erecting many good dwellings and helping in 
 the building of the town of Hermon and of London Mills. His ability and 
 skill in that trade was pronounced and his time was kept fully occupied with 
 the business that came to him in that line and with his farming interests. 
 He now owns a fine tract of land on section 12, Indian Point township, which 
 he has brought under a good state of cultivation, and today he ranks among the 
 substantial and well-to-do business men of this locality. . > >.'. 
 
858 
 
 HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY 
 
 Mr. Biirch was married in Knoxville, in 1869, to Miss Phoebe Richmond, a 
 daughter of Walter and Susanna Richmond, who were very early settlers in 
 Knox county. The father was a farmer by occupation, being thus engaged for 
 many years in Indian Point township. Both he and his wife are now deceased. 
 Mr. and Mrs. Burch have become the parents of three children, of whom the 
 second, Alvie, lives at home and assists his father in the operation of the farm. 
 Susie, the first in order of birth, married Emerson D. Yerion, and they now 
 make their home in Huntsville, Alabama. Hazel, the youngest, resides with 
 her parents. 
 
 A strong advocate of the principles of the democratic party, Mr. Burch is 
 an earnest worker in party ranks and served as collector of Chestnut township 
 for several tferms. He has also filled the office of school director and the cause 
 of education finds in him a warm champion. He has ever been a busy man and 
 his active life has gained for him a creditable degree of success and at the same 
 time has won the confidence and good-will of his fellowmen because of the 
 honorable policy which he has at all times followed. ; ;' , -^ 
 
 JOHN WEST. 
 
 The operation of a highly cultivated and well improved farm of nearly five : : '. 
 hundred acres located in Truro and Persifer townships engages the entire time :-':' 
 and attention of John West, who is one of the oldest residents in this section 
 of the county. His birth occurred on the old family homestead in the vicinity 
 of Maquon, Knox county, February 25, 1843, and there he was reared to man- ;;. 
 hood. Samuel West, his father, came to Illinois during the pioneer days, acquir- ' 
 ing land near Maquon that he cultivated until his death at the age of fifty-two y / 
 years. He married Mary Ann Gullett, and they had six children. -':';; 
 
 Reared on what was then termed the frontier, in the acquirement of his . 
 education John West attended the district schools, during brief terms, in which ' 
 he mastered the common branches. In common with other lads of that period --^T 
 he early began his agricultural training, being assigned duties about the fields 
 and barns that were increased with the development of his strength and sense 
 of responsibility during the passing years. In 1862, at the age of nineteen 
 years, he dropped the plow for the musket, enlisting as a member of Company -, / 
 F, Eighty-sixth Illinois Volunteer Infantry under Captain Burkhalter of Sher- V 
 man's army. He was in the service for three years, and during that time par- > . 
 ticipated in many of the most notable conflicts but was never wounded. He :; 
 was captured by the enemy, however, and served ten months in confederate :. - 
 prisons. When mustered out he returned to Knox county and farmed for sev- v. ';' 
 eral years in the vicinity of Maquon. In 1867 he purchased the place where ,; 
 he now lives, having made this his home for forty-four years. Many and ex- ; 
 tensive improvements have been wrought during that time and he now has one ,- ; 
 of the most highly cultivated and valuable homesteads in the township. Mr. ':- 
 West is a man of practical ideas and progressive methods and as he is both enter- 
 prising and industrious has prospered in a most gratifying manner in his under- 
 takings. His fields are devoted to such cereals as are best adapted to the soil. 
 

 JOHN WEST 
 
858 ' HISTORY OF KXOX COUNTY 
 
 ^fr. r>urch was married in Knoxvillc, in iSC^, to Miss I'hoebe Richmond, a 
 daughter of \\'alter and Susanna Richmond, who were very early settlers in 
 Knox county. The father was a farmer by occupation, being thus engaged for 
 many years in Indian Point townshijx I'.oth he and his wife are now deceased. 
 Mr. and Mrs. I'.urch have become the parents of three children, of whom the 
 second, Alvie, lives at home and assists his father in the operation of the farm. 
 Susie, the first in order of birth, married Emerson D. Yerion, and they now 
 make their home in lluntsville, Alabama. Hazel, the youngest, resides with 
 her i)arents. 
 
 A strong advocate of the jjrinciples of the democratic party, Mr. Burch is 
 an earnest worker in jiarty ranks and served as collector of Chestnut township 
 for several terms. He has also filled the office of school director and the cause 
 of education finds in him a warm champion. He has ever been a busy man and 
 his active life has gained for him a creditable degree of success and at the same 
 time has won the confidence and good-will of his fellownien because of the 
 honorable policy which he has at all times followed. ; : 
 
 : V JOHN WEST. ; 
 
 The operation of a highly cultivated and well improved farm of nearly five 
 hundred acres located in Truro and Persifer townshi])s engages the entire time 
 and attention of John West, who is one of the oldest residents in this section 
 of the county. His birth occurred on the old family homestead in the vicinity 
 of Maf|uon, Knox county, February 25, 1^43, and there he was reared to man- 
 hood. Samuel \\'est. his father, came to Illinois during the pioneer days, acquir- 
 ing land near Maquon that he cultivat-e<l until his death at the age of fifty-two 
 years. He married Mary Ann Ciullett, and they had six children. 
 
 Reared on what was then termed the frontier, in the acquirement of his 
 education John \\'cst attended the district schools, during brief terms, in which 
 he mastered the common branches. In common with other lads of that period 
 he early began his agricultural training, being assigned duties about the fields 
 and barns that were increased with the development of his strength and sense 
 of res])onsibilit\' during the ])assing years. In i8r)2, at the age of nineteen 
 years, he dropped the plow for the musket, enlisting as a member of Company 
 F, Eighty-sixth Illinois \'olunteer Infantry under Captain Burkhalter of Sher- 
 man's army. He was in the service for three years, and during that time par- 
 ticipated in many of the most notable conflicts but was never wounded. He 
 was captured by the enemy, however, and served ten months in confederate 
 prisons. When mustered out he returned to Knox county and farmed for sev- 
 eral years in the vicinity of Macjuon, In !<%- he purchased the place where 
 he now lives, having made this his home for forty-four years. Many ami ex- 
 tensive improvements have been wrought during that time and he now has one 
 of the most highly cultivated and valuable homesteads in the townshij). Mr. 
 West is a man of practical ideas and progressive methods and as he is both enter- 
 prising and industrious has ])rosi)ered in a most gratifying manner in bis under- 
 takings. His fields are devoted to such cereals as are best adapted to the soil. 
 
.nil IN \VKST 
 
/-,. :. HISTORY OF .KNOX COUNTY ' " - /, ; 861 
 
 and in connection with his general farming he also engages in stock-raising, 
 both having proven lucrative under his capable direction. All of the buildings 
 now standing on the place have been erected during the |>eriod of his owner- 
 ship, and are substantially constructed and in good repair. He keeps a good 
 grade of stock, his fields are carefully tilled and everything about his farm sug- 
 gests the careful supervision and thrift that are the accompaniments of success. 
 
 Mr. West has been married twice, his first union being with Rachel Rebecca 
 Kelly, and to them were born five children. Anna is the wife of William Bohan- 
 nan and they are the parents of three children, Bessie, Philetta and Selma. 
 Philemon marries Miss Mabel Dillon and to them were bom three children, 
 Geneva, Robert and Blondell. Elsie became the wife of Charles A. Johnson 
 and is the mother of two children, Edwin and Gertrude. Arden married Geneva 
 Murray, and to them were bom four children, Vivian, Ronald, Bertram and 
 Audrey. Orren married Josie Dawson and they are the parents of four chil- 
 dren, Lavon, Laverne, Oral and Gyneth. The present Mrs. West was formerly 
 Miss Mary B. Blackburn, a native of this county, and she is by her marriage 
 to Mr. West the mother of six children, Lloyd, Leota, Jay, Ray, Elizabeth and 
 Earl. 
 
 Mr. West is an honored member of the Grand Army of the Republic, by 
 which medium of association he maintains relations with his comrades of the 
 field. He has always voted the republican ticket but has never placed himself 
 in line for political preferment, although he is now a road commissioner. Dur- 
 ing the long period of his residence in this county Mr. West has contributed his 
 full share toward promoting its agricultural development and he is now justly 
 regarded one of the leading and representative farmers of the township. 
 
 ;-'--'-'''^'^:. ::'''; :-'i^':'-,.V5-.i J. F. ABDILL. '.y~^K: -: ,;-':,, 
 
 / J. F. Abdill, who owns and occupies a beautiful place of six acres just out- 
 side of Abingdon, was bom in Henderson county, Illinois, on the I2th of Janu- 
 ary, i86i. He is the only child born of the marriage of David T. and Sarah 
 (Fryrear) Abdill. In his early manhood David T. Abdill, who was a native 
 of Kentucky, came to Henderson county, Illinois, where he lived until the out- 
 break of the Civil war. Responding to the call of the nation's chief, he weijt 
 to the front in defense of his country, and when mustered out located in Fort 
 Worth, Texas, where he was later married and has ever since resided. 
 
 J. F. Abdill was reared by his grandparents with whom he remained until 
 
 ; their death, obtaining his education in the common schools. Having spent his 
 
 - boyhood and youth on a farm, he, when ready to begin his independent career, 
 
 : naturally turned to the vocation for which he was best adapted, and for some 
 
 '; time devoted his attention to agricultural pursuits in his native county. In 
 
 ;. 1889 he became imbued with the western fever and went to Nebraska, purchas- 
 
 . , ing a section of land, that he cultivated for twelve years. At the expiration 
 
 ; of that period he removed to Iowa, buying land near Washington, that state. 
 
 i; After operating this for seven years he came to Knox county, purchasing his 
 
 :'. present place near Abingdon in addition to which he also owns forty acres in 
 
 Vol. n 39 
 
862 HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY C vv^:; 
 
 Cedar township. Mr. Abdill's homestead is one of the show places of that 
 vicinity. He has a beautiful residence surrounded by tastefully arranged and 
 well kept grounds, presenting a most charming and home-like appearance. 
 
 In 1885, while still a resident of Henderson county, Mr. Abdill was married 
 to -Miss Malissa A. Carr, a native of Warren county, this state. Six children 
 have been born of this union, as follows : Glen, who is deceased ; one who died 
 in infancy; and Flossie May; Bessie, at home; Hiram Lester, deceased; and 
 Blanch Freda, also at home. 
 
 Fraternally Mr. Abdill is a member of the United Workmen of America, > 
 while his political support he accords to the republican party. He is one of 
 the substantial citizens of Abingdon, whose well and capably directed energies 
 during his early manhood has enabled him to acquire the means to assure him 
 ease and comfort during his latter years, while yet he is in his prime. 
 
 ^, .":5>i;: v;. . WILLIAM BOND. / :^';/-' V''V '.'>- 
 
 ' In the death of William Bond the agricultural interests of Knox county lost 
 an important representative. He was thoroughgoing and progressive in the 
 management of his flourishing farm and was known throughout the county as 
 one of the prosperous and substantial residents who won a comfortable com- 
 petence by dint of his unremitting labors. A native of Ohio, he was born in 
 Preble county, February i8, 1819, and continued to reside there during the first 
 thirty-three years of his life. His father, Exumus Bond, was a native of South 
 Carolina and removed to Ohio when a young man. He married Juda Bennett 
 and a number of years later removed to Randolph county, Illinois, where he 
 passed the remainder of his life. Mrs. Bond died in Preble county, Ohio. 
 
 In 1852 William Bond left Ohio and settled in Brimfield township, Peoria 
 county, Illinois. Two years later he purchased the farm in Elba township on 
 which his widow now resides, consisting of one hundred and sixty acres of 
 rich and productive land. This he cultivated with much success during the 
 ensuing years of his life. He was married December 21, 1845, to Miss Eliza 
 J. Peterson. She was born January 22, 1826, in Tennessee, a daughter of John 
 and Sarah (McCorcle) Peterson, both of whom were natives of Virginia. Mr. 
 and Mrs. Bond were the parents of six children, born in the following order: 
 Sarah A., deceased ; Frances, the wife of William Pitman, by whom she has 
 eight children; Ella C., the wife of William Barrett, by whom she has four 
 children ; Alice E., the wife of Marion Ellison, by whom she has five children : 
 Augusta, living at home; and Edward C., of Sparta township, who married 
 Mary Stone and has five children. ; ,: ; .. ... j .j. ' ! 
 
 Mr. Bond gave his political support to the republican party but was never 
 eager for the honors and emoluments of public office. Mrs. Bond is a member 
 of the Methodist Episcopal church and therein a helpful and loyal worker. 
 The death of William Bond occurred on the loth of February, 1903, when he 
 had reached the age of eighty-four years. One-half of the farm of one hun- 
 dred and sixty acres which he bequeathed to his wife, she rents to a tenant. 
 Honest and upright in all his relations in life, Mr. Bond enjoyed the high regard 
 
.. '\ HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY : ;> 868 
 
 of all who knew him, and in his death the community suffered the loss of one. 
 who represented the best type of American citizenship. He never shirked the 
 duties which fell to his lot but performed his share in the world's work with 
 willingness and pleasure., .- - -.-.-;.- > . - .- 
 
 :\:;..\:v ;;,--; ;' '-'"^'/'C-:- STRAWTHER GIVENS. ^ ;^ ' ; v '^v :;:->;^'^-,;V 
 
 To recount the history of a community one has often merely to consider a 
 small group of men whose activities and energies are so inseparably woven into 
 the warp and woof of the social fabric about them that in relating the history 
 of their rise and growth we are recounting the history of the development of 
 the community. To this generalization Abingdon is no exception and con- 
 spicuous among its group of foremost citizens is Strawther Givens. Identified 
 with the organization of practically every industry and progressive movement 
 that has originated in this town, Mr. Givens has had an incalculable influence in 
 shaping the industrial, commercial, and social character of Abingdon. He 
 was born in Monroe county, Indiana, May 23, 1843. He was the son 
 of Thales H. Givens and the grandson of James Givens, a soldier in 
 the war of 1812 who won distinction under General Jackson at the battle of 
 New Orleans. His mother was, in her maidenhood, Julia Carter who, like her 
 husband Thales H. Givens, was a native of Madison county, Kentucky. They 
 were married in Brown county, Indiana, to which place they had removed with 
 their parents. After their marriage they settled on a farm in Monroe county, 
 Indiana, residing there up to 1854 when they came to Illinois and bought a 
 farm on the county line between McDonough and Hancock counties. In 1865 
 they withdrew from the farm and removed to Abingdon, where Mr. Givens 
 became a prominent factor in the business and financial enterprises of this 
 town. In company with his son Strawther and J. M. Dawdy, he organized the 
 first bank in Abingdon. He was a trustee of Hedding College for a number of 
 years and was one of the most influential men of his day in this section of the 
 country. He died on April 23, 1882. ; J; 
 
 Fortunate in his parentage Strawther Givens in his youth enjoyed advantages 
 far beyond the reach of many of the boys of his time. His primary education 
 he received in the district school in the vicinity of the old home farm on the 
 border of McDonough county. Later he attended the State University of In- 
 diana and followed this with a commercial course at Burlington, Iowa. On 
 Christmas day, 1862, he was united in marriage to Miss Mary Huston, a daugh- 
 ter of John Huston, one of the early pioneers of McDonough county. Subse- 
 quent to his marriage he engaged in farming. On March i, 1870, he removed 
 to Abingdon and engaged in the grocery business. Thus he was identified with 
 mercantile interests until 1873 when he, together with his father and Mr. Dawdy, 
 established the bank above mentioned. The Union Bank of Abingdon, conduct- 
 ing the business under the firm name of "Givens, Dawdy & Company." In 
 1878 it was reorganized with Strawther Givens as cashier, and was known 
 thereafter merely as The Union Bank of Abingdon. In 1879 he engaged in 
 stock-raising and in the latter capacity won a wide reputation for breeding and 
 
864 HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY ' ' 
 
 establishing what was known as the Maple Grove herd of Shorthorn cattle. 
 This breed of cattle attracted much attention in his own and many other states, 
 soon making him nationally famous among breeders of thoroughbred stock. 
 Since his removal to Abingdon he has been identified with the organization and 
 development of such interests as the Iowa Central Railroad Company, The 
 Abingdon Sanitary Manufacturing Company, The Illinois Theatre Company 
 and The Abingdon Light & Power Company. Of the last named concern Mr. 
 Givens was for some years the president and general manager, during which 
 time it was developed to its present high level of efficiency. In 1894 he became 
 identified with the real-estate and insurance business and into this he threw 
 all his energy and personality as he did in every undertaking. The results of 
 his intensified efforts were astonishing, for, during the years of his connection 
 with this enterprise, he built up one of the largest insurance businesses in the 
 county, having at the time of his retirement from this field underwriters for 
 nearly a million and a half dollars. It is not an overstatement to say that 
 there is possibly not a man in Abingdon who has done more to promote the 
 business welfare of the city than he. 
 
 Mrs. Strawther Givens passed away in December, 1907. She was the 
 mother of four children: Anna, the wife of W. A. Thomas of Wichita, Kan- 
 sas ; Lucy, the wife of George Foltz, of Abingdon ; Laura, deceased, a twin 
 sister of Lucy, married to Alfred Ryden ; and Thales H., a ranchman in Teton 
 county, Montana. In his political faith Mr. Givens has always been an ardent 
 democrat and prominently identified with the party for many years. He was 
 a delegate of the national convention that nominated Cleveland in 1884. He 
 has served five terms as alderman of Abingdon and has been an influential 
 factor in his party's councils. He is a member of the Galesburg Club. 
 
 Widely known throughout the state there is not a man in Illinois whose 
 business pledge is more trustworthy than is that of Strawther Givens. Mount- 
 ing on the foundation of unfaltering integrity, of unremitting energy and lofty 
 idealism, the fact of his success needs no explanation. - . . . 
 
 '{^'.(v^V-vA .. ' J. F. SMITH. ;^,:':''-^,:;' .':;':::,=.'; 
 
 In one of the handsome homes of Hermon lives J. F. Smith, for some years 
 past manager of the Farmer's Flevator Company. His native state is Ohio, 
 where he was born in Clinton county near Wilmington on the lOth of May, 
 1851. His father, Charles W. Smith, was born in Virginia, where this branch 
 of the family had located, leaving that state, however, when he was a small boy. 
 On their westward journey, which was accomplished by train and wagon, they 
 made their destination Knox county, Illinois, settling in Indian Point township, 
 in the year 1854. There he grew from boyhood to manhood, aiding his father 
 in his task of transforming the raw land into a farm. He married Miss Lina 
 C. Moon in Ohio, where she was born. Five children resulted from this union:. 
 Susan, deceased ; W. H., postmaster of Colby, Kansas ; J. F. ; D. H., of Chicago; 
 and Sarah, deceased. Mrs. Smith's death occurred in 1907. She had been a 
 
-; V - : ' HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY .:/\r < ^Vi- 865 
 
 widow for many years, her husband having passed away thirty-nine years be- 
 fore in the year 1868. They are both buried in the cemetery at Hermon. 
 
 J. F. Smith was given the usual education which the district schools of 
 Indian Point township afforded. At the age of twenty-one he commenced his 
 career independently as a farmer in his home township. He gave this up, 
 however, in 1884, the year made memorable by the democratic victory in the 
 election of Cleveland to his first term of the presidency. Leaving the farm he 
 removed to Weldon, where he lived for a short time, until a desire to push 
 farther west drew him to Kansas, where he located in Thomas county. For 
 six years he tilled the soil of his farm in that place, when he concluded to come 
 back to Indian Point township, Knox county, the locality endeared to him by 
 many associations of former days. He gave up his home in the country in 
 1903, removing to Hermon upon assuming the management of the Farmer's 
 Elevator Company and has resided in this place ever since. 
 
 Miss Mary Roberts became his wife in 1871. Their children are: Emma 
 Lena, wife of O. M. Barnes of Hermon, Illinois ; Albert R. ; Sina Dora, deceased ; 
 Zella, wife of C. V. Shumaker of Abingdon, Illinois; and Orla Glen, of Abing- 
 don, Illinois. Mr. Smith and his wife are faithful members of the Christian 
 church. He has passed through all the chairs of the Odd Fellows lodge of 
 Hermon and is also a Modern Woodman of America. Politically he is a repub- 
 lican in his sentiments. Mt. Smith possesses an energetic and buoyant tempera- 
 ment which cannot be easily discouraged and to those who seek his friendship 
 he is ever a loyal friend. 
 
 '"' -^ :'-;.' :':.; .\- J :"'.' v!:r'; J- D. , . 
 
 J. D. Gray, living near Elba Center on a farm which he has occupied for 
 more than a quarter of a century, is prominently associated with the agricultural 
 interests of Knox county, being successfully engaged in the pursuits of general 
 farming and stock-raising. He was born in Maquon township, November i8, 
 1855, his parents being Lemuel and Mary A. (Swegle) Gray. The father was 
 a native of Highland county, Ohio, and came to Illinois when a young man, 
 locating in Maquon township, Knox county, where he was eng^aged in fanning 
 all his life with the exception of a few years prior to his death, when he resided 
 in Elba township. He died in Farmington at the age of seventy years. The 
 mother was born in Fulton county, Illinois. Mr. and Mrs. Gray were the par- 
 ents of five children, of whom J. D. is the oldest. The others are: Kate,. 
 Josephine, John and Charles. 
 
 Passing his youth under the parental roof, J. D. Gray was educated in the' 
 common schools of Knox county and when old enough to work, engfaged in 
 farming on the home place. After his marriage he removed to his present 
 farm located in the western part of the county near Elba Center. It is a valu- 
 able tract consisting of one hundred and sixty acres of fertile farm land, which 
 he operates with much success also cultivating a tract of forty acres owned by 
 his wife. In addition to this he has an interest in two other farms. He is 
 progressive in his methods believing that the most competent farmer is he who 
 
866 HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY 
 
 is best equipped for his work, having substantial buildings, first class machinery 
 and all the necessary accessories such as running water, a lighting plant and 
 other modern improvenients that contribute in such a large measure to the com- 
 fort and convenience of country dwellers, making farm life not only desirable 
 but highly attractive. 
 
 Mr. Gray was united in the bonds of wedlock to Miss Villa Adams, a daugh- 
 ter of Ziba Adams. They are the parents of four children : Earl, who is 
 married to Miss Ada Farwell and has one child, Mildred Lorena ; Amy, who is 
 the wife of William Rambo and has a daughter, lona ; and Ord and Floyd, who 
 are both at home. The children were all born and brought up on the farm 
 where the parents are now living. Mr. Gray votes with the democrats and has 
 served the community in which he lives in various official capacities as school 
 director, as tax collector and as commissioner. He is a man who possesses 
 much spirit and energy and throughout his life has advanced by virtue of his 
 untiring efforts and his steadfast devotion to the ideals which he has never lost 
 sight of, content to provide for his family the comforts which his fair compe- 
 tence enables him to secure for them and to take for his measure of reward the 
 joy that comes with the knowledge of labor well performed. .- ,- 
 
 ; O;^- GEORGE W. CLINE. :: r 
 
 George W. Cline, another of the citizens of Indian Point township who has 
 met with a gratifying degree of success in agricultural pursuits, was born in 
 Berwick township. Warren county, Illinois. His natal day was the I2th of 
 October, 1863, and his parents Samuel and Olive (Butler) Cline, the father a 
 native of Pickaway county, Ohio, and the mother of Greenbush township, Knox 
 county. Samuel Cline came to Illinois during his boyhood with his father, who 
 located in Sangamon county and there spent the remainder of his life. In his 
 early manhood he went to Warren county, purchasing a farm in Berwick town- 
 ship upon which he resided until he retired to Abingdon, . where he passed 
 away in 1898. The mother survived for ten years thereafter, her death occurring 
 in Abingdon in April, 1908. Of the union of Mr. and Mrs. Cline there were 
 born three sons and three daughters. In order of birth they are as follows: 
 Mary, the wife of John Robinson, of Blackwell, Oklahoma ; George W., our 
 subject ; Frederick, who is living on the old homestead ; Clara, the deceased 
 wife of Oscar Cashman, a resident of Knox county; Charles, who is living in 
 Abingdon ; and Olive, the wife of Reuben Davis, a farmer of Indian Point 
 township. 
 
 Reared at home. George W. Qine received his education in the district 
 schools of Berwick township. While engaged in mastering the common branches 
 of English learning he was receiving practical training, under the supervision 
 of his father, in the cultivation of the fields and care of the crops. In common 
 with the majority of farmer lads from his early boyhood he was assigned 
 regular duties about the homestead, his responsibilities being increased with the 
 ptassing years, until by the time he had attained his majority he was fully quali- 
 fied to begin his independent career as an agriculturist. In 1895 he engaged in 
 
, :; ; : ': HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY . * ';^ 867 
 
 the grain and lumber business, being connected with this in both Abingdon and 
 Hermon for eight years. At the expiration of that period he withdrew from 
 commercial activities and returned to farming, with which pursuit he has ever 
 since been identified. Mr. Cline only spends the summer months on his farm, 
 returning to Abingdon after the harvesting is over in the fall and remaining 
 there until spring. He is progressive in his methods, yet practical in his ideas, 
 so judiciously directing and supervising the cultivation of his fields and care of 
 his crops, that he is rewarded abundant harvests of a quality that commands 
 good prices. His efforts are being substantially rewarded and he is recognized 
 as one of the capable agriculturists of the township. 
 
 : ' In September, 1886, Mr. Cline was married to Miss Effie Baldwin, who was 
 born in Abingdon in 1865, a daughter of Thomas A. and Nancy (Williams) 
 Baldwin, the father a native of Indiana and the mother of Knox county. Mr. 
 Baldwin, who was a painter by trade, removed with his wife to De Witt, 
 Nebraska. Mrs. Qine passed away on April 17, 1886, and on the 7th of Sep- 
 tember, 1890, Mr. Cline was married at Avon to Miss Nellie Rose. She is a 
 native of that village, her birth having occurred on the 26th of April, 1872, 
 and is a daughter of W. H. and Harriet (Stevens) Rose, natives of the state 
 of New York. They are now residents of Avon. The father was for many 
 years successfully engaged in agriculture and is the owner of several farms. 
 Three children have blessed this marriage: Merle F., Harold D. and Bertha. 
 Mr. Cline is a worthy member of the Masonic fraternity, belonging to Abing- 
 don Lodge, No. 185, A. F. & A. M., of which he is a past master, and he also 
 belongs to the Odd Fellows, being past noble grand of the Abingdon Lodge, 
 No. 184, I. O. O. F. He affiliates with the Universalist church, of which Mrs. 
 Cline is a member, and in politics he is a republican. He is one of the highly 
 regarded citizens of Abingdon, who by honorable business methods and upright 
 principles has won the esteem of those with whom he has had transactions. 
 
 : :;.-'..'.'' ',\ -:::--A ISAAC BURNSIDE. '^'^ ?,';'.'- ' ' '.r' '^'^^^;-:/;-^ 
 
 Isaac Bumside, deceased, was one of the wealthy citizens of Knox county 
 who, after following for many years, extensive agricultural and stock-raising 
 pursuits, retired to Abingdon where he lived peacefully till death claimed him. 
 He was born in Pocahontas county, Virginia, August 26, 1826. His parents, 
 William and Margaret (Callison) Burnside, were both natives of Virginia re- 
 moving to Indiana when Isaac was a small boy. In 1852 they came to Illinois 
 locating in Chestnut township, Knox county, where .Mr. Burnside followed the 
 pursuit of farming until his death. /i^ > ' .: 
 
 Isaac Burnside received his education in the district schools of Indiana. 
 When ready to enter upon a career he followed the calling in which his father 
 had trained him. In April, 1857, he married Miss Elizabeth Price of Chestnut 
 township, and established his home on a farm that he had previously purchased 
 in the vicinity of his father's farm. There he lived until 1884 when he retired 
 and took up his residence in Abingdon. During the twenty-seven years in 
 which he operated and improved his farm he was extensively engaged in stock- 
 
868 HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY I ' 
 
 . 
 
 raising and in buying and selling stock. His tireless devotion to duty and his 
 business acumen brought him unusual success and on his retirement he was 
 accounted one of the rich men of this section of the county, owner of six hun- 
 dred acres of land of which he still owned five hundred and eighty acres at 
 the time of his death, having sold twenty thereof some years earlier. He was 
 heavily interested as a stockholder in the First State Savings Bank. He had 
 also become by purchase the owner of the old family homestead. 
 
 Mr. Bumside was twice married. In April, 1857, he was united in mar- 
 riage to Miss Elizabeth Price, of Chestnut township, with whom he lived thirty-- ^ 
 one years. Her death occurred May 20, 1888. To his second wife he was 
 united in marriage on August 25, 1889. She was Mrs. John Ruth, her maiden 
 name having been Miss Susan E. Soliday. Mrs. Ruth's parents were Samuel 
 and Catherine A. (Shafer) Soliday, both natives of Fairfield county, Ohio, 
 where they were married, coming to Illinois in 1852. They located first in 
 Tazewell county, and in 1860 came to Knox county, making their home in 
 Salem township. In 1875 they removed to Iowa, where they bought a farm in 
 Adams county. There they remained till the last, Mr. Soliday passing away 
 in 1902 and his wife in 1909. Miss Susan Soliday's marriage to Mr. Ruth oc- 
 curred on July 8, 1875. His death on March 30, 1888, left her a widow until 
 she was again united in the bonds of matrimony the following year. There was 
 no issue to either marriage of Mr. and Mrs. Burnside. The latter is, however, 
 the mother of an adopted daughter, Dorothy C., whom she is tenderly rearing, .,. 
 giving her the excellent opportunities of education and travel which her posi- 
 tion and means permit. She is a woman of culture and refinement, possessing 
 a charm of personality that wins many friends. During the past two winters 
 she has resided in California. She is an active church worker, being a member 
 of the Christian Woman's Board of Missions, and also a member of the Ladies' 
 Aid Society of the Christian church, in which faith Mr. Burnside, too, was an 
 earnest believer. At the time of his death Mr. Burnside was nearly seventy-^ ^ 
 nine years, passing away August 14, 1905. Throughout his life he had been 
 a man of high moral principles, serious in his purposes, successful in his under- 
 takings, generous and kind in his public life as well as in his private relations. 
 In the memory of his nobility his widow finds the greatest comfort that can 
 soften her loss. '' '^ ; ; - - ^~ . /hn. >;'''.'' ' v:.-. 
 
 V-:v: ' SAMUEL MORSE WHITING. ': 
 
 Samuel Morse Whiting, who is engaged in mercantile pursuits in Altona, 
 was born in that town on the nth of August, 1857, and traces his ancestry 
 back to William and Susanna Whiting, who settled in Hartford. Connecticut, 
 in 1632, having come from Boxford, Suffolk county, England. William Whit- 
 ing was a very wealthy merchant who had received a patent for land at Sevan- 
 scot with Lord Say and Lord Brook. He served as treasurer of the Connecti- 
 cut colony from 1642 to 1647 and died in July of the latter year. His wife 
 passed away July 8, 1673. Their son Joseph Whiting, who was bom October 
 2, 1640, and died October 8, 1717, was married in 1676 to Anna Allyn, who was 
 
868 HISTORY OF KXOX COUNTY 
 
 raising and in buying and selling stock. His tireless devotion to duty and his 
 business acumen brought him unusual success and on his retirement he was 
 accounted one of the rich men of this section of the county, owner of six hun- 
 dred acres of land of which he still owned five hundred and eighty acres at 
 the time of his death, having sold twenty thereof some years earlier. He was 
 heavily interested as a stockholder in the First State Savings Bank. He had 
 also become by purchase the owner of the old family homestead. 
 
 Mr. Burnside was twice married. In April, 1857, he was united in mar- 
 riage to Miss Elizabeth Price, of Chestnut township, with whom he lived thirty- 
 one years. Her death occurred May 20, 1888. To his second wife he was 
 united in marriage on August 25, 1889. She was Mrs. John Ruth, her maiden 
 nariie having been Miss Susan E. Soliday. Mrs. Ruth's parents were Samuel 
 and Catherine A. (Shafer) Soliday, both natives of Fairfield county, Ohio, 
 where they were married, coming to Illinois in 1852. They located first in 
 Tazewell county, and in 1860 came to Knox county, making their home in 
 Salem township. In 1875 they removed to Iowa, where they bought a farm in 
 Adams county. There they remained till the last, Mr. Soliday passing away 
 in 1902 and his wife in 1909. Miss Susan Soliday's marriage to Mr. Ruth oc- 
 curred on July 8, 1875. His death on March 30, 1888, left her a widow until 
 she was again united in the bonds of matrimony the following year. There was 
 no issue to either marriage of Mr. and Mrs. Burnside. The latter is, however, 
 the mother of an adopted daughter, Dorothy C., whom she is tenderly rearing, 
 giving her the excellent opportunities of education and travel which her posi- 
 tion and means permit. She is a woman of culture and refinement, possessing 
 a charm of personality that wins many friends. During the past two winters 
 she has resided in California. She is an active church worker, being a member 
 of the Christian Woman's Board of Missions, and also a member of the Ladies' 
 Aid Society of the Christian church, in which faith Mr. Burnside, too, was an 
 earnest believer. At the time of his death Mr. Burnside was nearly seventy- 
 nine years, passing away August 14, 1905. Throughout his life he had been 
 a man of high moral principles, serious in his purposes, successful in his under- 
 takmgs, generous and kind in his public life as well as in his private relations. 
 In the memory of his nobility his widow finds the greatest comfort that can 
 soften her loss. 
 
 . ' SAMUEL MORSE WHITIXG. 
 
 Samuel Morse Whiting, who is engaged in mercantile jnirsuits in Altona, 
 was born in that town on the nth of August, 1857, and traces his ancestry 
 back to William and Susanna Whiting, who settled in Hartford, Connecticut, 
 in 1632, having come from Boxford. Suffolk county, England. William Whit- 
 ing was a very wealthy merchant who had received a patent for land at Sevan- 
 scot with Lord Say and Lord Brook. He served as treasurer of the Connecti- 
 cut colony from iCt42 to 1647 and died in July of the latter year. His wife 
 passed away July 8, 1673. Their son Joseph Whiting, who was born October 
 2, 1640, and died October 8, 1717, was married in 1676 to Anna Allyn, who was 
 
X. 
 
;,-::::- HISTORY OF KNOx COUNTY ;. -vM^? 87i 
 
 born August i8, 1652, and died March 3, 1735. She was a daughter of Colonel 
 John and Ann (Smith) Allyn. Her father, who was secretary of the Connecti- 
 cut colony for twenty-eight years, was born February 24, 1630, and died Novem- 
 ber II, 1696. John Whiting, son of Joseph and Anna (Allyn) Whiting, was 
 born December 15, 1693, and died February 12, 1766. He married Jerusha 
 Lord, who was born in 1699 and died in 1776. Their son Allyn Whiting was 
 a soldier of the Revolutionary war, being a private in Major Sheldon's Regi- 
 ment of Light Horse and Colonel Enos' Regiment on the Hudson. He was 
 bom June 23, 1740, and died February 9, i8i8. He and his wife Elizabeth 
 joined the church at West Hartford in 1758. Their son Joseph Whiting was 
 bom in August, 1763, and died February i6, 1842. He was married in 1784 
 to Mary Goodwin, who was born in 1766 and died in 1835. Their son Allyn 
 Whiting, who was the grandfather of our subject, was born July 4, 1788, and 
 died in Aurora, Illinois, November 3, 1871. He married Amanda Alford, who 
 was born June 6, 1796, and died May 3, 1849. Their son Samuel Phelps Whit- 
 ing, the father of our subject, was born September 19, 1821, in Hartford, Con- x 
 necticut, and was married, in Litchfield, that state. May 28, 1845, to Miss Lucre- 
 tia Morse who was born in Litchfield, August 22, 1823, and died April 5, 1901. 
 She was a daughter of Jacob and Harriet Morse, who were married March 14, :' 
 1821. Her mother was born March 17, 1800, and died February 28, 1882, in 
 Litchfield. Her father was born in that city March 6, 1792, and was a son of 
 Levi and Thalia (Sanford) Morse. Levi Morse was bom in Litchfield, Sep- 
 tember 19, 1775, and died January 20, 1841. His wife was born October 26, 
 1776, and died July i6, 1854. Mrs. Lucretia (Morse) Whiting belonged to a 
 very prominent old New England family and a monument has been erected 
 which bears the following inscription : "To the memory of seven Puritans who 
 emigrated from England to America in 1635-9. John Morse, born 1604, settled 
 at New Haven and died at Wallingford, Connecticut, 1707, aged one hundred 
 and three years. Samuel Morse, bom 1585, settled at Dedham, 1636, died at 
 Medfield, 1654. Joseph Morse, settled at Ipswich, where he died 1646. An- 
 thony Morse, born at Marlboro, England, 1606, died at Newbury, 1686. Wil- 
 liam Morse, born 1608, died 1685. Robert and Peter, their brothers, settled 
 and died in New Jersey." . ^'' .'::::::::;>-:.> :. --rX ';- 
 
 Samuel Phelps Whiting, the father of our subject, conducted a meat market .''; 
 in his native city until coming to Victoria, Illinois, in 1851, with his brother ' 
 Richard and family. They engaged in mercantile business for two years and 
 at the end of that time Samuel P. Whiting removed to Altona, where he opened 
 a meat market. In addition to that business he also engaged in the raising and 
 shipping of cattle, horses and hogs, becoming one of the leading men engaged 
 in that enterprise in the locality. He disposed of his stock in Peoria, which 
 was the nearest market. His was one of the first frame houses built in Altona 
 and was situated on Main street, opposite the present place of business of Sam- > . 
 uel M. Whiting. In 1878 he admitted his son Samuel as a business partner C?- 
 and subsequently purchased and edited for five years Altona's only newspaper' ' 
 the Altona Journal. He took an active interest in public affairs and was a r ; 
 supporter of the republican party. After a useful and well spent life he passed 
 away in March, 1907. In his family were four children : Samuel M.. of this 
 review; Delia, the wife of A. H. Miles, a druggist of Des Moines, Iowa; Inez, 
 
872 HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY - ^ 
 
 the wife of A. G. Edwards, a druggist and ex city treasurer of Omaha, Nebraska ; 
 and Angie, the wife of Ernest R. Smith, of Palo Alto, California. 
 
 Samuel M. Whiting has been engaged in the meat market business since he 
 finished school at the age of fifteen years. In addition to conducting his market 
 he has also bought and shipped cattle to the near-by markets. For one year he 
 ran a restaurant and from 1892 to 1897 he conducted a meat market in Gales- 
 burg but then returned to Altona. In his dealings he has maintained the strictest 
 business integrity, realizing that satisfied customers are the best advertisement. 
 He keeps in touch with the trade, knows what the market offers and carries 
 a good line of meats, while his prices are reasonable and his treatment of his 
 patrons always courteous. 
 
 Mr. Whiting was married to Miss Ella M. Pierce, of Walnut Grove township 
 whose birth occurred January 5, 1860. She is a daughter of Mathew Pierce, 
 who came to Altona from New York state when very young and is now living 
 retired at Galesburg. To Mr. and Mrs. Whiting four children have been born: 
 Claude N., an electrician, who married Jennie Nelson and is residing in Cairo, 
 Illinois; Harry S., the assistant cashier of the State Bank at Victoria, Illinois, 
 who married Lillian Wenstrom, of Altona, and they have a little daughter, 
 Lucile, born January ii, 1912; Inez, who is engaged in teaching music and is 
 residing at home ; and Mathew Pierce, who since his graduation from school has 
 assisted his father in the meat market. : :, ^ . . V' ^l V .- 
 
 Mr. Whiting is an active and enthusiastic republican and has frequently been 
 elected to office. He has served as village clerk and has four times been elected 
 supervisor, his first election being in 1889. For nine years he served as county 
 committeeman and during that time did much active work in furthering the 
 interests of the republican party. Practically his whole life has been spent in 
 Altona, where he has the distinction of being one of the two oldest business 
 men. He occupies a place of prominence as one of the energetic business men, 
 succeeding in what he undertakes by reason of his forceful character and his 
 strict conformity to modern business methods. .-r ' ' 
 
 ,;= .; WILLIAM PORTER REED. . ; .: . 
 
 William Porter Reed, who is living retired on his farm in Lynn township, 
 Knox county, was born on the 2Oth of January, 1843, in Memphis, Missouri, 
 his parents being Daniel Porter and Lena (Carter) Reed, whose births occurred 
 in i8i8 and 1823 respectively. Daniel P. Reed was a native of Pennsylvania, 
 his mother's death occurring when he was a mere child, and he was reared by 
 her sister. He is living at present and makes his home in California. When 
 he was but seventeen years of age he went to Ohio, but subsequently settled in 
 Stark county. After his marriage he left for Missouri and resided there eight 
 years, farming, but then returned to Stark county where his aunt was residing. 
 He farmed in Illinois for five years before removing to Galva in 1854. He 
 remained there until 1890, when he left for California, in which state he is at 
 present living at the venerable age of ninety-four years. He has always been 
 an active traveler, and at the age of eighty-eight he came to Illinois to visit his 
 
H /'.;;; HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY ;^ 873 
 
 children. After remaining with them for a short time he returned to his western 
 home, a remarkable feat for one of his years, showing the virile health and 
 vitality he is now enjoying. He was married to Lena Carter, who was a daugh- 
 ter of William Carter, whose birth occurred near Mansfield, Ohio. She passed 
 away in ^895. To their union nine children were born, five of whom survive : 
 William P., who is the subject of this review; Isaac, who is in the real-estate 
 business in Chicago; Mary, who is married to W. R. Soper, of Galva; Isabell, 
 who is the wife of Dr. Burbank of Santa Cruz, California; and Cora, who 
 married Henry Fropwell, of California. 
 
 William P. Reed received a few years' education in the district schools near 
 his father's farm and at the same time was actively engaged assisting his father 
 in the duties on the home property, beginning at the age of nine to handle the 
 plow. He did other heavy labor and attended school for a short time during 
 the winter. In i86i, when he was eighteen years of age, he enlisted at Kewanee, 
 for service in the Civil war with Company H of the Ninth Illinois Cavalry 
 under Captain Bishop. He served for three years in the western army under 
 Sherman. In 1862 he also served under Stephen Curtis through Missouri and 
 Arkansas, and in the winter of 1862-63 continued to Memphis, Tennessee, to 
 take part in the Grierson raid through that state to Louisiana. He was cap- 
 tured in battle at Moscow, Tennessee, and sent to the Alabama prison. Six 
 weeks. later he was transferred to Andersonville, where he remained for eight 
 months when he was again transferred, this time being sent to Charleston, 
 South Carolina. During his detention at Andersonville he escaped once but 
 was captured by bloodhounds. An incident worth mentioning which took place 
 during Mr. Reed's venturesome exploits, occurred on his recapture, when within 
 forty miles of Pensacola, Florida, the rebels, to make doubly sure of their 
 captive, had a blacksmith weld irons on his arms and a ball and chain to his 
 ankle. Subsequently he escaped on a log in the river but was betrayed by a 
 negro and was again captured, but finally while on parole at Savannah, Georgia, 
 he escaped and for a month lived by begging. Finally he became acquainted 
 with a Union family, who supplied him with clothing and twenty dollars in 
 money, but he was again captured, and while being transported to prison he 
 jumped from the freight car, joined his army and was sent to New York city. 
 Later he was sent to Annapolis, where he was mustered out and left for home 
 by way of Peoria, Illinois. Later, at Springfield, he was discharged, and almost 
 immediately afterward left for Colorado, where for eighteen months he engaged 
 in cattle herding. At the end of that time he returned to Galva, but after his 
 marriage returned to southern Kansas, where for five years he was engaged in 
 agricultural pursuits until he purchased his present home. When he went to 
 Kansas he was in company with horse and sulky and took up a land claim 
 near Cherryville, where the Osage Indians were their neighbors. He erected 
 the cabin himself and built their log house. The cabin had one half window 
 for light. Two months later his wife followed by way of Kansas City, and 
 remained with her husband on that place for five years. They resided within 
 three miles of the noted Bender family, but Mr. Reed had never heard of them 
 until, while searching for his cattle which had been lost, he met them. This 
 was during the Bender family's noted criminal and murdering career. In 1873 
 Mr. Reed came to Galva and purchased his father's farm. Two years later he 
 
874 ^ HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY ^C ^v^ ' 
 
 bought the place upon which he is now residing. He has since lived near Galva 
 continuously excepting the year of 1887 when he removed to Galesburg, so 
 that his children might have better educational advantages. All his property 
 has been brought under a high state of cultivation, and under his capable man- 
 agement and, because of his untiring efforts and perseverence, his js one of 
 the most productive properties in this section. 
 
 On July 17, 1867, Mr. Reed was married to Miss Mary Ellen Soper, whose 
 birth occurred on the 29th of September, 1848, near Kingston, Illinois, and 
 who is a daughter of Joseph and Elizabeth (Eggleston) Soper, the former a 
 native of New Jersey and the latter of Albany, New York. The mother came 
 from Fulton county with her parents when she was quite young. Joseph Soper 
 was an agriculturist throughout the greater part of his active career, but after 
 disposing of the management of his land, he engaged in the hardware and 
 grocery business at Galva, disposing also of that before his retirement. His 
 death occurred in 1907 when he was eighty years of age and the mother is still 
 living at the age of eighty-one years. Of their five children only two survive, 
 Emma Treloar, of California, and Mrs. Reed. -j' , 
 
 Of the children of Mr. and Mrs. Reed the following are living: Josephine 
 H., who is married to Daniel S. Kelly, of Victoria, Illinois; Jay D., of Iowa, 
 who is married to Retha Van Riper and who is the father of three sons, Wil- 
 liam, Maurice and Claude ; and Daniel Porter, who is residing on the home 
 farm and who is married to Miss Bessie Van Buren, a daughter of John and 
 Luella Van Buren. Mr. Reed is a Mason, holding membership in Lodge No. 
 330, of Altona, Illinois. He is also a member of the G. A. R. Post, No. 45, of 
 Galesburg. In his agricultural pursuits and subsequently in his business under- 
 takings Mr. Reed displayed the same marked determination to succeed and ability 
 to concentrate his whole efforts upon one undertaking that he displayed while 
 in the war. His one aim has been to succeed and to succeed along lines which 
 are a credit to himself and his community, and to a large degree he has met 
 with that success. . . . / 
 
 V ;: ;: . JAMES E. ROBERSON. ; ; / ;' 
 
 James E. Roberson, who owns and operates a fine farm of one hundred and 
 sixty acres on section i8, Indian Point township, was bom in the southwestern 
 
 . part of Knox county, on the 7th of January, 1864. His parents, James and 
 Mary (Smith) Roberson, were both born in Kentucky. The paternal grand- 
 father, who was a farmer, died in the Blue Grass state, after which his widow 
 and four sons came to Illinois. They located in Woodford county, this state, 
 in 1834 and two years later came to Knox county, purchasing government land 
 in Indian Point township, that lately was sold for one hundred and twenty dol- 
 lars per acre. It was there that James Roberson spent the remainder of his 
 
 ; life and where his children were born and reared. Mrs. Roberson is still living 
 at the age of seventy and makes her home in Abingdon. Four sons and two 
 daughters were born of this marriage : William, who is the eldest member of 
 the family, now residing in Abingdon; Luna, the wife of Jason Day, a farmer 
 
;A/ . V ; HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY <; ;\/V^ 875 
 
 of Iowa; Lida, who married Charles Kendall, of California; James E., our sub- 
 ject; Thomas, who is also a resident of California; and Clarence, who is the 
 youngest member of the family, a carpenter of Abingdon. 
 
 The boyhood and youth of James E. Roberson were spent amid the scenes 
 with which his manhood has been familiar, his education having been obtained 
 in the district schools of Indian Point township. He remained on the home 
 farm with his parents until he had attained his maturity, during which time he 
 became thoroughly familiar with the practical methods of agriculture, under 
 the capable supervision and direction of his father. For the past twenty years 
 he has been farming for himself, during which period he has met with a fair 
 measure of success. In 1892, he settled upon the place he now owns, and here 
 he engages in general farming in connection with which he raises cattle, hogs 
 and sheep, making a specialty of breeding and raising a high grade of Poled 
 Angus cattle. His efforts in both lines of the business have been rewarded with 
 very good results and he is regarded as one of the substantial citizens of the 
 township. 
 
 The 22d of February, 1893, was the wedding day of Mr. Roberson and Miss 
 Clara Dawdy, a native of this township and a daughter of Warren and Anna 
 (Brown) Dawdy. The father is a native of Knox county, being a son of one 
 of the first settlers, while the mother was born in Ohio. They are both living 
 and continue to make their home on the farm in Indian Point township, where 
 they have resided for many years. Two daughters were born unto them, the 
 one Mrs. Roberson, and the other, Minnie, who became the wife of John Schister 
 and is living on the old Roberson homestead. 
 
 Mr. and Mrs. Roberson are members of the Christian church and fraternally 
 he is a member of the Odd Fellows, being identified with Abingdon Lodge, 
 No. 184, I. O. O. F. In matters politic Mr. Roberson gives his support to the 
 democratic party, but does not actively participate in township affairs, although 
 he meets the requirements of good citizenship by casting a ballot on election 
 day. He is one of the highly esteemed citizens of the community, whose ex- 
 cellent judgment and inherent ability has enabled him to be numbered among 
 the prosperous agriculturists of the township. ,..,-.,;. . .:, , -.,. 
 
 : ; .V ; J. ARTHUR ROUTH. -;;>; .^ 5 ./ ;; 
 
 J. Arthur Routh, for years an electrician in Chicago and other Illinois 
 towns, is now operating a farm near Hermon, on section 19, Chestnut township, 
 Knox county, Illinois, where he was bom January 21, 1873. His father, 
 Thompson L. Routh, whose biography appears in this volume, is a native of 
 Clinton county, Ohio, coming to Chestnut township, Knox county, Illinois, in 
 the early fifties when he was three years old. He followed the occupation of 
 his father, engaging in farming which he still pursues in this vicinity with much 
 success. His mother, Mary C. (Leigh) Routh, is a native of Knox county. 
 
 J. Arthur Routh received a thorough education in the district schools of his 
 community, at Hedding College, Abingdon, and in the Normal School there, 
 and in the Bushnell Normal College. When twenty-three years old he went 
 
876 HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY ^=>:::^', 
 
 to Chicago and secured employment in the General Electric Company's shops. 
 After two years he left Chicago, continuing electrical work at Pontiac, Peoria, 
 Galesburg and Abingdon, covering in all a period of eleven years. In 1907 he 
 settled on the farm on section 19 where he was born. Here he is living at 
 present and operating one hundred and five acres of land which furnish him 
 with a generous income. He also owns four hundred and sixty acres of land 
 in Jackson county, Wisconsin, and a residence in Abingdon. Besides general 
 farming he devotes himself to the raising of thoroughbred Jersey cows, an 
 occupation in which he has been unusually successful. .{;- 
 
 He was married to Miss Gertrude Robertson in 1900. She is a daughter 
 of William B. and Jennie (Neece) Robertson and is a native of Colchester 
 township, McDonough county, Illinois. Her father was born in Kentucky and 
 her mother in Missouri. They are still residing in Colchester, where Mr. Rob- 
 ertson is engaged in farming and is also a carpenter and contractor. They had 
 four children born to them : Herman C., a dairyman in Colchester ; Ora, de- 
 ceased ; Gertrude, the wife of J. Arthur Routh; and a child, who died in infancy. 
 Gertrude (Robertson) Routh was educated in the Colchester schools and at 
 Bushnell Normal College, and then taught school in her home community for 
 four years, when she resigned in order to marry Mr. Routh. She is the mother 
 of two children, Mildred Doris, seven years old, and Howard Aubrey, three 
 years old. . . \ '".'N- '''..'-: '-k >.... ;1 .':''/;;; 
 
 J. Arthur Routh votes with the republicans and has been road overseer for 
 one term. He and his wife are members of the Methodist Episcopal church in 
 which they are highly esteemed by a large circle of friends. 
 
 ^ ^ ;- THOMAS R. P. GOUGH. V ; ' : ^ i' 
 
 Thomas R. P. Gough, who is filling the position of postmaster at Williams- 
 field, has been a resident of Knox county for twenty-seven years. He was born 
 in Bristol, Somersetshire, England, in 1864, and is a son of R. C. and Frances 
 (Jones) Gough. His parents spent their entire lives in England, of which 
 country the father was a native, but the mother came from Wales. 
 
 Reared to the age of twenty years under the parental roof, Thomas R. P. 
 Gough attended a private school in. the pursuit of his education. When he had 
 acquired such knowledge as to enable him to undertake life's heavier responsi- 
 bilities, he laid aside his text-books and learned the carpenter's trade. In com- 
 mon with many other young men America strongly appealed to him as the 
 promised land of opportimities, in which to pursue his career amid conditions 
 somewhat different from those to which he had been born, and 1884 saw him 
 on his way to the United States. He landed in New York city and immediately 
 made his way inland to Illinois, locating in Truro township, Knox county. 
 There he engaged in farm labor, in connection with which he also followed his 
 trade until 1893, when he took a position with C. C. Davis & Company, who 
 are in the grain business. He remained in their employ for eleven years, re- 
 sig^ing his position to assume the duties of postmaster, to which office he was 
 
^ -;;'; HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY p; 877 
 
 appointed on the ist of October, 1904. He is now serving his eighth year in 
 this capacity, in connection with which he has also done fanning. 
 
 For his wife Mr. Gough chose Miss Ethel May Tucker, a daughter of Noah 
 N. Tucker, and unto them have been born three children : Ellen Frances, Glen 
 Thomas and Mabel Evelyn. 
 
 : , The religious views of the family are manifested through their affiliation 
 with the Methodist Episcopal church, and fraternally Mr. Gough is a Mason, 
 holding membership in the blue lodge of Princeville and the chapter of Yates 
 City. He also belongs to the Eastern Star of Princeville, and the Woodmen of 
 the World, being identified with the Williamsfield camp. In his political views 
 Mr. Gough is a republican, having given his unqualified indorsement to the 
 principles of this party ever since granted the full rights of citizenship. He 
 has displayed rare efficiency in discharging the responsible duties of his present 
 office, his service having proven highly satisfactory to the community at large. 
 Ehiring the long period of his residence in Williamsfield, Mr. Gough has won 
 and retained the friendship of many of the most estimable citizens of the town, 
 as he has always manifested those qualities that invariably win respect in both 
 his public and private life. 
 
 '--^' :-::':..",.-':'_ N. N. TUCKER. ;;:V .- ' ;;;;; 
 
 * --;.., *.'''-"...-''' -'"' ^ ' - . ' ' . -. . ' .' 
 
 '... ''.-.''-. ,''.'''..*' '-..: 'I- ^ '*'''>'*''; ' ''',.'' 
 
 N. N. Tucker is the owner of a very attractive homestead of twenty acres 
 located a half mile southeast of Williamsfield, where he is now living retired. 
 For many years he was successfully engaged in general farming and stock- 
 raising in Knox county, the proceeds realized from his business being largely 
 invested in real estate in the county and he now owns three hundred and twelve 
 acres of farming land in Truro township. 
 
 He was bom on a farm located a half mile from his present residence, Novem- 
 ber i8, 1858, and is a son of Samuel and Mary (Mundy) Tucker. The father 
 passed away in May, 1893, at the age of seventy-one years, but the mother is 
 still living and now resides in Williamsfield. Samuel Tucker was born in Ash- 
 land, Ohio, in October, 1822, the first twelve years of his life being spent on 
 his father's farm in his native state. In 1834 the family removed to Illinois, 
 settling in Brimfield township, Peoria county, where he resided for fourteen 
 years. At the expiration of that time he came to Knox county, locating in 
 Elba township, but at the end of six years removed to Truro township, takmg 
 up his residence on a farm a half mile south of Williamsfield. There he passed 
 away, being at that time the most extensive landowner in the township. The 
 mother is a daughter of one of Knox county's pioneer settlers, and represents 
 the third generation of her family in the county. Of the marriage of Mr. 
 and Mrs. Tucker there were born eleven children, seven of whom are living, as 
 follows : J. J., who is a resident of Courtland, Kansas ; L. V., who lives in 
 Galesburg; Elizabeth, who married A. D. Moon, living on a farm south of N. 
 N. Tucker ; N. N., our subject ; Sarah, the wife of C. H. Eastman, of Gales- 
 burg; Mary Evelyn, who married Dr. Ben D. Baird, of Galesburg; and Eugene, 
 who lives at Knoxville. :'-^--".' " V'^j'?!^;' i"'/:.' ..^.;; ^ v ' ' ' ' ""^ -V /-' ' -^^ 
 
878 HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY 
 
 'As he was reared in the country N. N. Tucker attended the district schools, 
 and while mastering the common branches, he was acquiring a practical knowl- 
 edge of agriculture by assisting his father with the work of the farm. After 
 leaving school he remained on the home place for several years, devoting his 
 entire time and attention to the work of the fields and care of the stock, thus 
 laying the foundation for a successful agricultural career. He has been very 
 fortunate in his undertakings, having met with more than an average degree of 
 prosperity, a'nd now owns, in addition to the place where he is living, a farm 
 containing one hundred and thirty-two acres, located east of his homestead, 
 and one hundred and sixty acres on section 36. Determination of purjxjse and 
 unceasing industry have been prominent factors in the success of Mr. Tucker, who 
 has at all times manifested clear judgment and good business sagacity in the 
 direction of his activities. He located on the place where he is living at the 
 present eighteen years ago, and during the greater portion of that time engaged 
 in general farming and stock-raising but is now living retired, having acquired 
 a competence that, together with the income from his different properties, pro- 
 vides him with all of the comforts of life. ; 
 
 For his wife and helpmate Mr. Tucker chose Miss Ellen Jordan of Truro 
 township, and unto them were born four children : Ethel, the wife of T. R. P. 
 Gough ; Rilla, who married Fred Hurlburt, a farmer of Truro township ; Leon- 
 ard, who married Nora Stodgel and is now a resident of Williamsfield ; and 
 Lola, who is still at home. 
 
 Fraternally Mr. Tucker is affiliated with the Masonic order, and his political 
 support he gives to the republican party. He is a public-spirited, progressive 
 man and has always taken an active interest in all township affairs, and for 
 eighteen years served as road commissioner, while for thirteen years he was 
 justice of the peace. The ability with which he discharged the duties of both 
 offices is attested by the length of his terms. The entire life of Mr. Tucker 
 has been spent in the immediate vicinity of his present home, where he enjoys 
 a favorable acquaintance and has a large circle of friends, many of whom were 
 the comrades of his youth and the playmates of his childhood. 
 
 ; .-/.v";, . : WALTER N. DIKEMAN. "^:: -^ v./H. . 
 
 Walter N. Dikeman, who far twenty-five years has been engaged in general 
 fanning six and a half miles southeast of Maquon, is a native of Illinois. His 
 birth occurred in Fulton county, July 14, 1853, his parents being Cornelius and 
 Lydia (Douglass) Dikeman, both natives of the state of New York, where they 
 were also reared and married. During the early years of their domestic life they 
 came west, settling in Fulton county, where they spent the remainder of their 
 lives with the exception of one year when they resided in Minnesota. Farming 
 always engaged the energies of Mr. Dikeman, who with his wife and family 
 endured all of the hardships of pioneering during the early days, in order to 
 bring the. wild land upon which they located into a state of productivity. Two 
 of the children born of the union of Mr. and Mrs. Dikeman lived to attain 
 maturity, the one beside our subject being James, a retired farmer of Fulton 
 county, who married Emerlis Bodkins. 
 
WALTER X. DIKEMAN 
 
 FOUR GEXEHATIOXS OF THE DIKEMAX FAMILY 
 
878 HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY 
 
 As he was reared in tlie country X. X. Tucker attended the district schools, 
 and while mastering the common hranches, he was acquiring a practical knowl- 
 edge of agriculture by assisting his father with the work of the farm. After 
 leaving school he remained on the home place for several years, devoting his 
 entire time and attention to the work of the fields and care of the stock, thus 
 laying the foundation for a successful agricultural career. He has been very 
 fortunate in his undertakings, having met with more than an average degree of 
 prosperity, a'nd now owns, in addition to the place where he is living, a farm 
 containing one hundred and thirty-two acres, located east of his homestead, 
 and one hundred and sixty acres on section 36. Determination of purpose and 
 unceasing industry have been prominent factors in the success of Mr. Tucker, who 
 has at all times manifested clear judgment and good business sagacity in the 
 direction of his activities. He located on the place where he is living at the 
 present eighteen years ago, anfl during the greater portion of that time engaged 
 in general farming and stock-raising but is now living retired, having acquired 
 a competence that, together with the income from his different properties, pro- 
 vides him with all of the comforts of life. 
 
 For his wife and helpmate Mr. Tucker chose Miss Ellen Jordan of Truro 
 township, and unto them were born four children: Fthel, the wife of T. R. P. 
 Gough ; Rilla, who married Fred Hurlburt. a farmer of Truro township ; Leon- 
 ard, who married Xora Stodgel and is now a resident of Williatnsfield ; and 
 Lola, wlio is still at home. 
 
 Fraternally Mr. Tucker is affiliated with the Masonic order, and his political 
 support he gives to the republican jjarty. He is a public-spirited, progressive 
 man and has always taken an active interest in all township afifairs, anfl for 
 eighteen years served as road commissioner, while for thirteen years he was 
 justice of the peace. Tlie ability with which he discharged the duties of both 
 offices is attested by the length of his terms. The entire life of ]\Ir. Tucker 
 has been spent in the immediate vicinity of his present home, where he enjoys 
 a favorable ac(|uaintance and has a large circle of friends, many of whom were 
 the comrades of his youth and the playmates of his childhood. 
 
 . WALTER X. DIKEMAX. : 
 
 Walter X. Dikeman, who far twenty-five years has been engaged in general 
 farming six and a half miles southeast of Maquon, is a native of Illinois. His 
 birth occurred in Fulton county, July 14, 1853, his parents being Cornelius and 
 Lydia (Douglass) Dikeman, both natives of the state of Xew York, where they 
 were also reared and married. During the early years of their domestic life they 
 came west, settling in Fulton county, where they spent the remainder of their 
 lives with the exception of one year when they resided in Minnesota. Farming 
 always engaged the energies of Mr. Dikeman, who with his wife and family 
 endured all of the hardships of pioneering during the early days, in order to 
 bring the. wild land upon which they located into a state of productivity. Two 
 of the children born of the union of Mr. and Mrs. Dikeman lived to attain 
 maturity, the one beside our subject being James, a retired farmer of Fulton 
 county, who married Emerlis Bodkins. 
 
VVALTKi; \. 1)1 K K.MAX 
 
 It (JKNKIJAI IONS (I1-- TIIK DIKKMAX KAMII.V 
 
. :-j or;- ';; S> ; , ;^, HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY : :' ; ^ ssi 
 
 ,;:;-: ' Reared on the farm, where he was born, Walter N. Dikeman's educational 
 ':, advantages were confined to what the district schools in the vicinity afforded. 
 
 As the country was new and but sparsely settled, the schools were primitive 
 
 ;^^' and offered but little opportunity to acquire more than a thorough practical 
 
 . ; knowledge of the common branches. After laying aside his text-books, his 
 
 .' entire attention was devoted to the cultivation of the home farm, during a period 
 
 : of about three years. He then left the parental roof and began his independent 
 
 ' career as a farmer and for two years thereafter leased land at different places. 
 
 ;; After the death of his parents he returned to the old homestead, which he operated 
 
 : for five years. Disposing of his interest in this at the expiration of that time 
 
 he came to Knox county and in 1886 settled upon the place where he has ever 
 : since resided. Mr. Dikeman has effected extensive improvements on this place 
 : , during the period of his residence, having erected substantial buildings and made 
 
 many other changes of a minor but telling nature. He owns five hundred and 
 
 fifty-two acres of land, one hundred and fifty of which he is renting to his son. 
 
 The remainder he devotes to general farming and stock-raising, in both of which 
 . pursuits he has met with a most gratifying degree of success. He is a man of 
 
 energy, whose foresight and clear judgment as well as practical ideas have been 
 
 . the secret means of his attaining his present state of prosperity. He has always 
 
 given his personal supervision to the plowing, planting and harvesting of his 
 
 crops as well as the care of his stock, and that his efforts have been amply 
 
 ']' rewarded is attested by his present circumstances. 
 
 Mr. Dikeman chose for his wife Miss Roletta B. Stiarwalt, a daughter of 
 George Montroville Stiarwalt, of Ohio. Of this marriage there have been bom 
 five children. Rosa Belle, the eldest, married W. D. McCoy and has three chil- 
 dren. Merle Marie, William Earle, and Walter 'Dennis. Earle, who is operating 
 , part of his father's farm, married Maudt Ryer and has two children, Bemice 
 
 Irene and Norma Maude. Jessie Fay, the third in order of birth, married N. J. 
 Nelson. The two youngest children, Walter and Loretta Pearl, are both living 
 
 ' at home. 
 
 In his political views Mr. Dikeman is a republican, but he has never taken an 
 V - active part in township matters of a governmental nature, his energies being bent 
 '. : upon the development of his varied interests in which he has met with well 
 
 merited success. . . ,. . ., .. ., , ,, , .. 
 
 ' ;;'.' ,'^-. '//.' '^ JAMES A. SH AFFER. T j- '';;' .' -'';.r"^'..> 
 
 - A prominent and highly successful agriculturist of Truro township was the 
 late James A. Shaffer, who passed away February i, 1890. He was bom in 
 Clinton county, Pennsylvania, on the I5th of April, 1841, a son of Benjamin B. 
 Shaffer, a farmer, who removed from the Keystone state to Illinois in 1856, 
 locating in Knox county, where he passed the remainder of his life. 
 
 James A. Shaffer was reared in his native state to the age of fifteen years, 
 
 attending the public schools in the acquirement of his education. From early 
 
 boyhood he was trained in agricultural pursuits and naturally when he was 
 
 voL n 40 .^ ..<'''''.: f -''. '::'':-,':. ''-. '.;./'': -.r;^"--'r 
 
889 HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY -^'y^^ .::.: 
 
 ', .v: -;.:,'; -; ' : ; --. .-, .... ; ' .. ': .: '..' "'''! 
 
 ready to begin working for himself chose the vocation to which 'he was best 
 adapted. In whatever he undertook he would have succeeded, being a man of 
 enterprise and industry and much determination of purpose. He was practical 
 in his ideas, progressive in his methods and always directed his undertakings 
 with foresight and intelligence. At the time of his death he owned between 
 four hundred and fifty and five hundred acres of land in this township, all of 
 which was under high cultivation. A portion of this had been the old family 
 homestead, and during the long period of his occupancy Mr. Shaffer effected 
 many improvements in the property. He made a careful study of the soil, 
 planting his fields to such cereals as he deemed best adapted to it. In connec- 
 tion with general farming he also engaged in stock-raising, both undertakings 
 proving lucrative under his capable supervision. He was only forty-seven 
 years of age when he passed away, and was actively engaged in the oi>eration 
 of his farm, three hundred and twenty acres of which is now being cultivated 
 by his son, Benjamin. 
 
 For his wife and helpmate Mr. Shaffer chose Miss Louisa J. Oberholtzer, 
 and they became the parents of six children. Vesper, who is the eldest of the 
 family, graduated from the Women's Medical Collej^e of the Northwestem 
 University in Chicago, and is now engaged in the practice of her profession in 
 that city. Joseph O., who is a farmer living in Canada, married Ella Grimm 
 and they have four children : Hortense ; Lester, who is deceased ; Vesper ; and 
 Helen. Benjamin B., who is the second son, is engaged in the operation of 
 the old homestead. He married Mary E. Fitzgerald of Chicago. Celesta mar- 
 ried Walter Potts, a farmer of this township, by whom she has had four chil- 
 dren : Harold H., who is deceased ; Willis J. ; and Lester B. and Letta Bell, 
 who are twins. Letta became the wife of Fred M. Brown and they are living 
 on a farm in South Dakota. James -A., who is the youngest member of the 
 family, is living at home. 
 
 Mr. Shaffer was a public-spirited man and took a deep interest in all town- 
 ship affairs, giving his support to the men and measures of the democratic 
 party. He had high standards of citizenship and always discharged his share 
 of public duties faithfully, having filled various offices of the township. A man 
 of upright principles and unquestionable integrity, loyal to his friends and true 
 to every trust reposed in him, he was held in high esteem by all who knew, him, 
 his death being occasion for deep and widespread regret throughout the com- 
 munity. 
 
 , vc: OSBORN T. ROBERTS. ; - 
 
 -. Osborn T. Roberts, who is engaging in general farming on section 26, Cedar 
 township, Knox county, has by means of his businesslike methods and intelli- 
 gent direction become recognized as one of the capable and highly successful 
 agriculturists of the community. 
 
 Mr. Roberts was born on a farm in Mercer county, Illinois, on the nth of 
 January, 1869, his parents being Obed and Mary Ottilia (Peterson) Roberts. 
 His father was a native of Mercer county, Pennsylvania, his birth having there 
 
; . ^ ;^ - : r: HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY O^ ^: '. ' 
 
 occurred on the 28th of February, 1845. When a lad of eight years he removed 
 to the west with his parents who located in Mercer county, where Mr. Roberts 
 later engaged in farming for some time. About twenty years ago he went to 
 Henry county, this state, where he acquired a farm in the cultivation of which 
 he engaged until his death on the 27th of May, 1911. The mother, who was 
 born in Ohio sixty-three years ago, is still living on the old homestead in Henry 
 county. Of the union of Mr. and Mrs. Roberts there were born nine children, 
 of whom our subject is the eldest, the others being as follows : Nellie, who is 
 deceased ; Frank, who is living in Henry county, Illinois ; Bessie, who is living- 
 at home; Mabel R., the wife of F. E. Anderson, Cedar township, Knox county; 
 George W., who is a resident of Mercer county, Illinois ; Grace, the wife of 
 T. S. Briggs, also of Mercer county ; Arthur C., who is at home ; and Benjaniin 
 H., who is deceased. 
 
 The boyhood and youth of Osborn T. Roberts were sp>ent on his father's 
 farms in Mercer and Henry counties, in the common schools of which he ob- 
 tained his education. At the age of twenty-four years he withdrew from agri- 
 cultural pursuits, to which he had devoted his energies ever since his early boy-' 
 hood, and engaged in the hardware business in Alpha, Illinois. After spending 
 six years in commercial activities, he decided that the life of a farmer was more 
 independent and afforded greater possibilities, and therefore disposed of his 
 business and came to Knox county, where he has ever since resided. He owns 
 one hundred and nine acres of land, which by means of intensive application and 
 capable supervision he has brought to a high state of cultivation. He has always 
 taken great pride in his homestead and during the period of his residence has 
 wrought many and extensive improvements, making it not only one of the attrac- 
 tive but valuable properties of that district. 
 
 In 1893 Mr. Roberts was united in marriage to Miss Emily Anderson, whose 
 birth occurred in Henry county, Illinois, on the 7th of November, 1868. Mrs. 
 Roberts is a daughter of the late Nels P. and Louisa Charlotte (Anderson) 
 Anderson, both natives of Sweden. The father, who was a cabinet-maker, emi- 
 grated to the United States when a boy. For many years he followed his trade 
 in Galesburg, this state, but the greater part of his life was spent in Henry 
 county, where he passed away about nine years ago. The mother was also 
 reared in America, having come to this country when a little girl and early 
 locating in Illinois, where she was living at the time of her demise in 1898. 
 Of the marriage of Mr. and Mrs. Anderson there were born seven children: 
 Ida, who is deceased; Emily, now Mrs. Roberts; Albert, who is a resident of 
 New Windsor, Illinois ; one who died in infancy ; Frank, who is living in Knox 
 county; and the two eldest, both of whom died in infancy. Mrs. Roberts, who 
 is a woman of rare charm and culture, obtained her early education in the com- 
 mon schools of Knox county, after the completion of which she attended Knox 
 College at Galesburg. Later she studied music and German at Hedding College, 
 Abingdon, while she took a course in painting while living at home. Having 
 decided to devote her attention to teaching, she subsequently pursued a pro- 
 fessional course in the normal school at Geneseo, Illinois, and for twelve years 
 taught in a school near Windsor, this state. The family of Mr. and Mrs. 
 Roberts numbers six, all of whom are still at home : Earl F., Dole N., Keene 
 O., June L., Nellie O. and Glenn O. V^ > V - ;^ :;:v' ;: 
 
884 HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY --. 
 
 The religious belief of the family is manifested through their membership 
 in the Methodist Episcopal church, while Mr. Roberts' fraternal connections 
 are with the Masonic order of Abingdon and the Modern Woodmen of America 
 of Alpha, Illinois. During his earlier years he gave his political support to the 
 democratic party, but he now votes the straight republican ticket. He belongs 
 to the progressive and modern class of agriculturists, who recognize the neces- 
 sity of applying to their work the same principles and methods as pursued by 
 the business man of any other field, and as a result he is meeting with substantial 
 
 success. .. , . ^, , . .- , : - .,...,.;-. ..:.... ..:: 
 
 ;-::^.' SALVADOR HUNTLEY RYAN. . : i; ' : 
 
 Although one of the more recent additions to the business circles of St. 
 Augustine, Salvador Huntley Ryan has, however, for many years been actively 
 identified with mercantile interests in Knox county and in the meantime has 
 gained for himself recognition as an enterprising, progressive and successful 
 business man. He is one of Illinois's native sons, his birth having occurred in 
 Pontoosuc on the 29th of April, 1857, his parents being Adam H. and Nancy 
 (Aldredge) Ryan. The mother was born in Mount Vernon, Indiana, and the 
 father in Kentucky, and in the latter state they began their domestic life, Mr. 
 Ryan there giving his attention to general farming. In 1848, however, he 
 brought his little family, then consisting of wife and two children, to Illinois, 
 and here he continued his operations in the field of agriculture, engaging in that 
 line of activity until the outbreak of the Mexican war, when he enlisted and 
 served throughout the period of hostilities. He participated in many engage- 
 ments and in the battle of Cerro Gordo suffered the loss of one arm. His son, 
 L. T. Ryan, served throughout the Civil war. Following its close, in 1867, Adam 
 H. Ryan went to Missouri to live, and there his remaining days were passed, 
 his death occurring on the ist of March, 1892. His wife survived until the 
 2d of March, 1904, passing away at the home of her son Huntley. After the 
 arrival of the family in Illinois five children were added to the household, but 
 of the family of seven children only two are now living, a brother of our sub- 
 ject, Andrew W. Ryan, now making his home in Oklahoma. 
 
 In the schools of Victoria township, Knox county, Salvador Huntley Ryan 
 acquired a good education and after its completion he turned his attention to 
 farming as an occupation, being therein engaged in Victoria township until thirty 
 years of age. Thinking, however, to find in mercantile pursuits a more congenial 
 field of labor he removed to the town of Victoria and for one year was there 
 engaged in general merchandising. He then took up his abode in Williamsfield, 
 Knox county, and continued in that line of business, there remaining for thirteen 
 years. In 1909 he arrived in St. Augustine and since then has occupied a promi- 
 nent place in the business circles of the town as the proprietor of a general store. 
 Long experience in that avenue of activity has proven to him that satisfied 
 customers are the best advertisement and accordingly he carries a stock of goods 
 which is well adapted to meet the demands of his patrons. The nature of his 
 business policy, too, has begotten the confidence of the general public, and the 
 
':/:;>;. /HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY ';-. 885 
 
 business transacted over the counters of his house is constantly increasing in 
 importance and volume. ;:; 
 
 Mr. Ryan was married, in Galesburg, Illinois, on the 3d of February, 1876, 
 to Miss Margaret Ericson, who was born in Manitowoc, Wisconsin, in April, 
 1854. Her parents, who were both natives of Sweden, came to the United 
 States at an early day, locating in Wisconsin. There the mother died and later 
 the father came to Knox county, Illinois, where he engaged in general farm- 
 ing until his death. By her marriage to Mr. Ryan their daughter became the 
 mother of three children, as follows : Elmer M., a resident of Galesburg, who 
 married Miss Myrtle Breece, of Dahinda, Illinois; B. Doris; and Edna S., the 
 wife of John Rush, of Galesburg, and the mother of one son, John. Mrs. Ryan 
 passed away on the 27th of December, 1898, and on the i8th of February, 1901, 
 in Galesburg, Mr. Ryan was again married, his second union being with Miss 
 Margaret Brennan, who was born in Abing^on on the 25th of November, 1862. 
 Her parents, Thomas and Alice Brennan, were natives of Ireland, where the 
 father engaged in railroading. He came to Knox county, Illinois, at an early day, 
 locating at Abingdon, where he made his home for several years, after which he 
 removed to Galesburg and there resided until his death. The mother survives 
 him. Unto the second marriage of Mr. Ryan there has been born one child, 
 
 Grace G. :;;.' .- ..;.-- ':';";;-'; '-%, '':.: :'--''-^ '-','-.'-''." 
 
 Mr. Ryan's religious belief is that of the Methodist church while fraternally 
 he is connected with the Knights of Pythias at Williamsfield, and also with Wil- 
 liamsfield Lodge, No. 779, I. O. O. F., having passed through all of the chairs in 
 both bodies. He has taken an active part in republican circles in Knox county, 
 serving as town clerk and treasurer of Williamsfield, and is now serving on 
 the village board of St. Augustine, while at the same time he is acting as a mem- 
 ber of the school board of St. Augustine. He takes a keen interest in the various 
 phases of public life, doing all in his power to further the welfare of the com- 
 munity along material, intellectual and moral lines, and is ranked among the 
 influential and representative citizens of the locality. , . . , . 
 
 ;;;.; ;-;,'; :..-;;,:; WILLIAM M. WELSH. --I-' ^ ^--^-'-^l^Y'/f, 
 
 William M. Welsh, who is engaged in general farming and stock-raising in 
 Truro township, is a worthy representative of a family that has long figured 
 prominently in the agricultural annals of Knox county. His birth occurred on 
 the old homestead in the vicinity of Maquon on the 24th of December, 1852, 
 his parents being Michael and Kathrin Welsh, who are mentioned at greater 
 length elsewhere in this work. . .v':;-. !; .; ;^;^/ -'v 
 
 Reared on the farm in the acquirement of his education, William M. Welsh 
 attended the district schools. He passed the early years of his life as did the 
 other lads of the community at that period. When not engaged with his lessons 
 he was largely occupied in discharging the tasks assigned by parental authority, 
 while his leisure hours were devoted to such pastimes and sports as were 
 appropriate to the season. He remained under the parental roof until he was 
 twenty-eight years of age, assisting in the operation of the farm. Being in 
 
886 HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY ^'-^:'''i: 
 
 every way qualified to begin his independent agricultural career, in 1880 he 
 bought eighty acres of land on section 21 of this township, upon which he 
 settled. He applied himself assiduously to its cultivation, directing his energies 
 with such foresight and intelligence that he met with good financial returns. 
 As his circumstances justified, he added to his holdings at various times until 
 he now owns two hundred and eighty-three acres on section 21, forty acres on 
 section 15, and twenty on section i6. During the long period of his ownership 
 he has made many improvements on his place, including the erection of large, 
 substantial bams and outbuildings and the addition of many modern conveniences 
 consistent with the spirit of progress that has ever characterized his under- 
 takings. Mr. Welsh gives all of his attention to the plowing, sowing and har- 
 vesting of his fields, and annually realizes a handsome dividend on his season's 
 labor. In connection with general farming he devotes much attention to the 
 raising of stock of a good grade, and this also has proven to be very lucrative. 
 System and method always distinguish his undertakings, and as he is very ener- 
 getic and possesses an abundance of determination he is prospering in his busi- 
 ness enterprises. His property is given careful supervision ; the barns, fences, 
 out-buildings and residence are kept in good repair, the fields are well tilled 
 and the grounds are neat and tastefully arranged. Everything about the place 
 indicates the capable management and thrift that invariably accompany success. 
 
 For his wife Mr. Welsh chose Miss Mary Murphy, a daughter of John and 
 Bridget Murphy, farming people of this section, who emigrated from Ireland 
 to the United States in 1876, locating in Peoria county. Five children have 
 been born to Mr. and Mrs. Welsh, as follows: Michael Me., who is attending 
 school at Normal, Illinois ; J. E., who is employed on the Chicago, Burlington 
 & Quincy Railroad at Galesburg; William L., who is farming, and married 
 Wilma Kem, of Peoria; James Wendell, who is assisting with the home farm; 
 and Catherine E., who died at the age of six months. 
 
 The family are all communicants of the Roman Catholic church, and fra- 
 ternally Mr. Welsh belongs to the Modern Woodmen of America. His political 
 allegiance he gives to the democratic party, considering that their principles are 
 best adapted to subserve the interests of the nation in its entirety. He has 
 always taken an active and helpful interest in all township affairs, and for 
 twenty years has been a school director, and he has also served as assessor. 
 Mr. Welsh is one of the estimable citizens of the community and is proud of the 
 fact that he was born and raised in Knox county, where he has ever since lived. 
 His prosperity is the well merited reward of industry and constant application 
 in the direction of his activities. 
 
 - DANIEL BURNAUGH. ;;^:C> 
 
 Daniel Burnaugh, now living retired in St. Augustine, was for many years 
 closely identified with the material upbuilding and development of this town as 
 carpenter and contractor, and many of the substantial structures not only of 
 this community but of the surrounding district are monuments to the skill and 
 handiwork of this venerable octogenarian. One of Ohio's native sons, he was 
 
. ^^V . : / " V- HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY ;,;: 887 
 
 bom in Clermont county, on the i3th of August, 1830, his parents being John 
 and Sarah (Oswald) Burnaugh. The father, who was of French descent, was 
 bom in Clermont county, Ohio, while the mother, of German lineage, claimed 
 Pennsylvania as the state of her nativity. The family had long been established 
 in Ohio, the grandfather of our subject, Carey Burnaugh, having removed to 
 that state from Virginia at a time when Indians still inhabited that region. There 
 John Burnaugh was reared and married and there followed the occupation of 
 a builder and contractor throughout most of his life time. His wife also passed 
 away in Ohio. Of their family ten children grew to maturity. 
 
 The educational privileges which Daniel Burnaugh received during the period 
 of his youth were those of the common schools of Clermont county, Ohio, and 
 when yet a lad in years, he learned the carpenter's trade under the direction of 
 his father, whom he assisted prior to leaving his native state. In early manhood, 
 however, he came to Illinois, arriving in Knox county in 1856, and for a year 
 thereafter he made his home with an uncle, Joseph Burnaugh, near Abingdon. 
 In 1857 he came to St. Augustine and here he has since resided with the excep- 
 tion of one year spent in Kansas and a similar period in Michigan City, In- 
 diana. Upon his arrival in St. Augustine he purchased his present home and 
 at once began business as a carpenter and contractor, in which field of labor 
 he continued throughout his active career. He is a skilful workman, who added 
 to his mechanical ability modern ideas and progressive methods, and it was not 
 long before he had gained for himself a reputation which won for him a large 
 and remunerative patronage. He built many of the residences, schools, churches 
 and other structures not only of his home town but also of Abingdon, Gales- 
 burg and the surrounding country, and for many years has been one of the well 
 known and representative business men of St. Augustine. He is still active to- 
 day, and is living in the enjoyment of a competency which is the merited reward 
 of a well spent and busy life. 
 
 Mr. Burnaugh was united in marriage in Knoxville, Illinois, on the I7th of 
 December, 1856, to Miss Lucinda Dorman, who was bom in the state of Indiana 
 in June, 1838, a daughter of Henry and Sarah (Hendricks) Dorman, natives 
 of Maryland and North Carolina respectively. The father, a farmer by occupa- 
 tion, removed to Tennessee in early life and later removed to Indiana, where he 
 carried on agricultural pursuits for some time. He came to Illinois at an early 
 period in its development, locating in Knox county, and here carried on gen- 
 eral farming until his demise, his wife also passing away in this county. In 
 their family were nine children, five daughters and four sons, but only three 
 are now living. Unto Mr. and Mrs. Burnaugh were born four children, of 
 whom two have passed away. The elder surviving child, John, is married and 
 resides in Galesburg. He has two children, Gertrude, the wife of Orlie Alan, 
 residing near Abingdon, by whom she has three children, Russell, Esteline and 
 Ormand; and Juanita, living at home. Lillie Bumaugh became the wife of 
 Henry Mason and they now make their home near Greenbush, Illinois. 
 
 Mr. and .Mrs. Bumaugh hold membership in the Christian church, the teach- 
 ings of which have ever formed the guiding influences in their lives. His iden- 
 tification with the Masonic order covers a period of more than a half centurj', 
 dating from the year 1854, and he is now one of the oldest members of that 
 organization in the state, belonging to Avon Lodge, No. 253, A. F. & A. M.. 
 
888 HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY 
 
 Since 1857, or for a period covering more than fifty-four years, he has resided 
 in this present home, and in the meantime has been an interested witness of 
 the many changes which have been instituted for the advancement of this sec- 
 tion, and in this work of progress and improvement he has taken an active part, 
 his well directed efforts not only resulting in substantial individual success but 
 also proving potent elements in the upbuilding of this district. Few have taken 
 a more active interest in the material growth of the community, and St. Augus- 
 tine numbers him among its loyal-spirited, representative and valued citizens. 
 
 FRANK LAPHAM. V: - v':\ -".::' 
 
 Frank Lapham is the owner of one hundred and seventeen acres of land on 
 sections i8 and 21 of Victoria township, where he engages in general farming and 
 stock-raising. He is a native of Truro township, Knox county, the eldest child 
 born of the marriage of Edward W. and Nettie (Mosher) Lapham. The father 
 was born and reared in Ohio, whence he, in his early manhood, came to Knox 
 county with his parents. Here he met and subsequently married Miss Mosher, 
 a daughter of Joseph and Mehitabel (Hubble) Mosher. After marriage they 
 located in Truro township on the farm now owned by John Hart. When the call ; 
 came for troops in the early days of the Civil war, Edward W. Lapham responded 
 by enlisting as a private in the Fifty-fifth Illinois Volunteer Infantry, and was 
 killed at Nashville, Tennessee. He left a widow and four children, two sons and 
 two daughters, those beside our subject being as follows : Ellen, the wife of T. 
 W. Ray; Allen L., now deceased, who is buried in the cemetery at Victoria; and :. 
 Love, the wife of G. W. Parker, who lives in Wyoming. The mother later mar- ;; 
 ried E. M. Sweeney, who was born and reared in Victoria township. They re- 
 sided for a number of years in Truro township, but he later withdrew from farm- 
 ing and went to Galesburg and engaged in the insurance business. They had two 
 children : Dow, who is living in Wyoming ; and Susie, who is a resident of Gales- 
 burg. 
 
 Agricultural pursuits have engaged the attention of Frank Lapham from his 
 earliest boyhood. Reared on the farm where he was bom his early energies were 
 directed toward the cultivation of the fields that had been tilled by both his father 
 and grandfather. Here he received his training in general farming and stock- 
 raising and after his marriage located on the place where he now lives. When he 
 first came here only about one-half of the land was under cultivation, but he in>- 
 mediately set about clearing the remainder and now has it all under cultivation. -"^ 
 During the period of his ownership he has erected practically all of the buildings 
 now standing and has wrought various other improvements. He has good barns 
 and outbuildings and a comfortable residence on his place, and it is well pro- .'-f 
 vided with all modern implements and appliances deemed essential to the success- 
 ful pursuit of agriculture. Mr. Lapham devotes his fields to such cereals as are 
 best adapted to the soil and is annually rewarded with abundant harvests, but as 
 he makes a specialty of stock-raising he feeds the greater part of the g^ain he 
 raises. He is a capable business man and competent agriculturist, who uses intel- 
 
EDWARD W. LAPHAM 
 
888 - HISTORY OF KXOX COUNTY , . 
 
 Since 1857. or for a jieriod covering more than fifty-four years, he has resided 
 in this present home, and in the meantime has been an interested witness of 
 the many changes which liave been instituted for the advancement of this sec- 
 tion, and in this work of ])rogress and improvement he has taken an active part, 
 his well directed efforts not only resulting in substantial individual success but 
 also proving ])otent elements in the upbuilding of this district. Few have taken 
 a more active interest in tlie material growth of the community, and St. Augus- 
 tine numbers liim among its loyal-spirited, representative and valued citizens. 
 
 FRANK LAPHAM. ; 
 
 Frank Lai)hani is the owner of one hundred and seventeen acres of land on 
 .sections i8 and 21 of \ ictoria township, where he engages in general farming and 
 stock-raising. He is a native of Truro township, Knox county, the eldest child 
 born of the marriage of Edward \V. and Nettie (Mosher) Lapham. The father 
 was bom and reared in Ohio, whence he. in his early manhood, came to Knox 
 county with his ]>arents. Here he met and subsequently married Miss Mosher. 
 a daughter of Joseph and Mehitabel (Hubble) Mosher. After marriage they 
 located in Truro township on the farm now owned by John Hart. \\'hen the call 
 came for troo])s in the early days of the Civil war. Fdward \V. Lapham responded 
 by enlisting as a private in the I'ifty-tifth Illinois \ olunteer Infantry, and was 
 killed at Nashville, Tennessee. He left a widow and four children, two sons and 
 two daughters, those beside our subject being as follows : Ellen, the wife of T. 
 \\. Ray ; Allen L.. now deceased, who is buried in the cemetery at X'ictoria ; and 
 Love, the wife of G. \\'. Parker, who lives in Wyoming. The mother later mar- 
 ried E. M. Sweeney, who was born and reared in \ ictoria township. They re- 
 sided for a number of years in Truro township, but he later withdrew from farm- 
 ing and went to Galesburg and engaged in the insurance business. They had two 
 children: Dow. who is living in \\'yoniing; and Susie, who is a resident of Gales- 
 burg. 
 
 Agricultural pursuits have engaged the attention of Frank Lapham from his 
 earliest boyhood. Reared on the farm where he was born his early energies were 
 <lirected toward the cultivation of the fields that had been tilled by both his father 
 and grandfather. Here he received his training in general farming and stock- 
 raising and after his marriage located on the place where he now lives. \\ hen he 
 first came here only about one-half of the land was under cultivation, but he inv 
 mediately set about clearing the remainder and now has it all under cultivation. 
 During the period of his ownershi]) he has erected practically all of the buildings 
 now standing and has wrought various other improvements. He has good barns 
 and outbuildings and a comfortable residence on his place, and it is well pro- 
 vided with all modern implements and appliances deemed essential to the success- 
 ful pursuit of agriculture. Mr. La])ham devotes his fields to such cereals as are 
 best ada])ted to the soil and is annually rewarded with abundant harvests, but as 
 he makes a s])ecialty of stock-raising he feeds the greater part of the grain he 
 raises. He is a capable business man and competent agriculturist, who uses intel- 
 
KI)V\.\i;i) \V. I.AI'IIAM 
 
, - ; ; ^ : HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY V 891 
 
 ligence and sagacity in the direction of his undertakings and is meeting with more 
 than an average degree of success. 
 
 Mr. Lapham has been greatly assisted in his endeavors by the capable manage- 
 ment of the household affairs by his wife, whose maiden name was Miss Addie 
 Ray. She is a daughter of Lorenzo and Mary (Sweeney) Ray, and was born 
 and reared in Victoria township, where she has passed the greater part of her 
 life. Her parents were natives of Ohio, whence they came to Knox county in a 
 wagon with an ox team in the pioneer days. Her maternal grandfather. Miles 
 Sweeney, here acquired forty acres of land that he diligently cultivated until his 
 death from cholera. This property is now owned by his grandson, Mrs. Lapham's 
 youngest brother, Clarence Ray. Mr. and Mrs. Lorenzo Ray were married in 
 Victoria township, and here were born their five children, in the following order : 
 William, who lives in Victoria township; T. W., in Truro township; a daughter, 
 who died at the age of four years ; Addie, now Mrs. Lapham ; and Clarence, who 
 lives north of the Lapham farm in Victoria township. Mr. Ray was for many 
 years engaged in the operation of eighty acres of land in Victoria township, and 
 there he passed away at the age of fifty-six years. The mother had passed the 
 seventy-second milestone on life's journey at the time of her death. Mr. and Mrs. 
 Lapham have had five children, all of whom were born in this township. In order 
 of birth they are as follows: Edward, who died at the age of twenty-six years 
 and is buried in Victoria township; Cecil, who is still at home; Ella, the wife of 
 Fred Naslund, of Victoria township; Leroy, who is also at home; and Verne, 
 who died when only eighteen months of age and is buried in the family lot in 
 Victoria cemetery. 
 
 Ever since he began voting Mr. Lapham has been loyal to the political princi- 
 pies of the republican party, the policy of which he deems most conducive to good 
 government. He served for several years as a school director and as assessor for 
 one term. Fraternally he is identified with the Modern Woodmen of America, 
 and he is one of the stockholders of the Mutual Telephone Company. Mr. Lap- 
 ham is one of the estimable citizens of Victoria township, where he is widely 
 known and highly regarded both by reason of his business qualifications and his 
 high standards of life. ;,,,...-;.,..- ,--^..,- ,M ..,;.; .,_.... .-., : 
 
 H. J. BENNETT. : ; / , - ,-.; 'S::' -> 
 
 H. J. Bennett, who for twenty years was identified with the commercial 
 activities of Williamsfield, was bom in Peoria county, this state, on the isth 
 of January, 1865, and is a son of William J. and Catherine (Slygh) Bennett. 
 The father, who was a physician, was born in England, and came to Illinois 
 from New York city, while the mother was a native of Virginia, whence she 
 was brought in early childhood to this state. Dr. Bennett located at Elmore 
 upon his arrival in Peoria county, and there he resided until his death, which 
 occurred at the age of thirty-four years. He was married twice but his first 
 wife only lived a short time. One son was born of this union, William J., who 
 is a resident of Bonanza, Colorado, where he has extensive mining interests. 
 To Dr. Bennett and his second wife there were bom four children: Emma, 
 
892 HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY ^/.' . 1-C: r! 
 
 who is the deceased wife of J. P. McCauley, of Elmore; May, who married 
 F. P. Bertschy, who is auditor of the Woodmen of the World, of Denver, 
 Colorado; J. S., who is a resident of Marinette, Wisconsin, where he engages 
 in the music and jewelry business ; and H. J., our subject. 
 
 In the acquirement of his education H. J. Bennett attended the common 
 schools of his native county until he had obtained sufficient knowledge to en- 
 able him to earn his own living, when he laid aside his text-books and turned 
 his attention to farming. After following agricultural pursuits for a few years 
 he went to Elmore, where he established a meat market in 1886 that he operated 
 for three years. Disposing of this at the end of that time he came to Williams- 
 field and engaged in the same business until 1910. In the latter year Mr. Ben- 
 nett withdrew from commercial activities and has ever since eng^ed in buying 
 and feeding cattle and hogs. 
 
 Mr. Bennett married Miss Emma E. Freed of Peoria county, a daughter of 
 August Freed, and they became the parents of nine children, six of whom are 
 living: Paul, Elton, Maud, Harry, Gladys, and Juanita. Those deceased are 
 as follows : Geneva, Genevieve and Claire. The oldest daughter of Mr. and Mrs. 
 Bennett, Maud, was married October 23, 1909, to Earl T. Main, the son of Charles 
 Main and a member of one of the most prominent families of Knox county. 
 Mr. Main, who was the cashier of the First State Bank of Williamsfield, was 
 killed in a railroad accident on the Rock Island road on March 21, 1910. One 
 child was born to this union. Mrs. Main is a lady of refinement and very 
 popular in social circles in Williamsfield, where she has a fine home. 
 
 Fraternally Mr. Bennett is a member of the Modern Woodmen of America, 
 and in his political views he is a democrat, and has several times been called 
 to public office. He was president of the village for four years and he has 
 also discharged the duties of town clerk. He met with success in the conduct 
 of his business and has acquired some property interests, owning one hundred 
 and sixty acres of land in the west. Mr. Bennett is one of the estimable citi- 
 zens of Williamsfield, where he has resided for more than twenty years, and has 
 many friends. 
 
 ' /;':>;:: .' JAMES C. STEPHENSON. /:v, :; - ..; 
 
 James C. Stephenson carries on general farming in Copley township on what 
 is now the old Stephenson homestead and here he was born on the 23d of Janu- 
 ary, 1870, his parents being James and Mary Ann (Leighton) Stephenson. His 
 youthful experiences were those that fall to the lot of most farm lads who 
 divide their time between the work of the schoolroom, the pleasures of the 
 playground and the development of the fields. When not busy with his text- 
 books his time was given to the work of the farm and all through his life he 
 has remained upon the place which is still his home and has carefully tilled his 
 fields and developed and improved his property imtil it is today one of the val- 
 uable tracts of land in his district. The methods which he follows are at once 
 practical and progressive and in the cultivation of the cereals best adapted to 
 climatic conditions here he has won substantial success. 
 
^. V :;: 0^^^ HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY ;^;' 893 
 
 . On the ist of May, 1901, occurred the marriage of Mr. Stephenson and Miss 
 Clara Bell Johnson, who was bom in Concord, Morgan county, Illinois, Feb- 
 ruary 9, 1871, and is a representative of one of the pioneer families of that 
 county, her great-grandparents being Reuben and Sarah Johnson, who were 
 among the first settlers and were from Kentucky and Tennessee respectively. 
 They located in Morgan county before there were any churches, and religious 
 services were often held in Mr. Johnson's house by the Rev. Peter Cartwright and 
 the Rev. Ben Newman, who were circuit riders of that day, and were brothers- 
 in-law of Mrs. Stephenson's grandparents. Mrs. Stephenson is a daughter of 
 Elbert H. Johnson, whose birth occurred August 6, 1847, o" what is known as 
 the old Johnson farm in Morgan county. There her father lived up to the time 
 of his removal to a farm two miles east, which he continued to cultivate for five 
 years. He afterward spent a similar period in Virginia, Illinois, and then en- 
 gaged in farming in the vicinity of Jacksonville but eventually lived retired. He 
 was a member of the Presbyterian church and his many excellent traits of char- 
 acter won for him the regard and good-will of those with whom he came in con- 
 tact. In 1869 he married Deborah Ann Leeper, who was born December i8, 
 1842, near Cincinnati, Ohio. Her father, John Leeper, was a native of the north 
 of Ireland and came with his family in childhood to America, arriving in Cin- 
 cinnati in the early '3os. He afterward lived in Brown county, Illinois, where 
 he carried on farming throughout the greater part of his life, his death occurring 
 in 1889. He had married Margaret Harrington, who was a daughter of John 
 Harrington, and passed away in 1901 at the age of eighty-seven years. The ma- 
 ternal grandparents of Mrs. Johnson were Andrew and Isabelle Leeper, the for- 
 mer of Scotch-Irish lineage. Unto Mr. and Mrs. Elbert H. Johnson were born 
 three children, the brother of Mrs. Stephenson being Joseph Howard, now of 
 Chicago, while her sister is Martha E., the wife of E. Hudson, of Beardstown, 
 Illinois. Mr. and Mrs. Stephenson have became the parents of two children : 
 James Glen, born June 22, 1903 ; and Mary EloisS, born April 9, 1905. 
 
 Both Mr. and Mrs. Stephenson are members of the Presbyterian church at 
 Oneida and politically he is a republican but prefers to concentrate his time and 
 energies upon his business affairs rather than to hold office. He has served, how- 
 ever, on the school board for two and a half terms and is a stalwart friend of 
 the cause of education. In fact he is interested in all the projects and move- 
 ments which work for public good and his influence is always on the side of ad- 
 vancement and improvement. He has led a busy, useful and active life, and is 
 justly classed among the representative farmers and citizens of Copley township. 
 
 -'..."'''.'.- ^ .''; .'^;.'- JOHN MACKEY.^ ;';:.^'-"r' '' , : " '; l-'^^'^ 
 
 John Mackey, who owns and operates a valuable farm of five hundred acres 
 in Truro township, is one of the self-made men of Knox county. He started out 
 in life without either capital or influence and with but limited education, and 
 through the intelligent direction of his activites has become numbered among 
 the affluent agriculturists of his community. v ; ; j/V...^ ;.:';' ; ".>-;!? '/r^ 
 
894 HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY -::/:.- v ;>?. 
 
 His birth occurred in Jackson county, Maryland, on the 24th of October, 
 1860, his parents being John and Jeannette (McFadyen) Mackey, both natives 
 of Scotland. The father was bom in Ayrshire in 1826, and when old enough 
 to begin working entered the mines of his native country, being employed there 
 until he was twenty-three. In 1849 he took passage for the United States, first 
 locating in Maryland, continuing to follow mining there and at various other 
 points as far west as Wisconsin. He subsequently came to Kewanee, Illinois, 
 and soon thereafter settled on a farm three-fourths of a mile east of his son 
 John's place, which was thereafter the family home. John Mackey met with a 
 moderate degree of success in his agricultural pursuits and acquired one hun- 
 dred and eighty acres of land. His death occurred in 1899 while he was visiting 
 in Iowa, his place of residence still being in this county; the mother passed 
 away on the homestead in 1903, at the age of seventy-six years. Thirteen chil- 
 dren were born to Mr. and Mrs. Mackey, eight of whom lived to attain maturity, 
 as follows: Matthew; Margaret, the wife of Albion Curtis; Jane, who married 
 L. Iverson; Anna, who is the wife of William E. Willett; and John, William, 
 David and Ezekiel. 
 
 The early education of John Mackey was limited to the advantages afforded by 
 the district schools in the vicinity of his home, and while pursuing his studies 
 he also assisted with the work of the fields and care of the stock. Recognizing 
 the need of broader knowledge, he later supplemented his education by attend- 
 ing Lombard College for a brief period, being at that time twenty-four years of 
 age. He then left the parental home and began farming for himself. Originally 
 he owned but a small portion of his present place, but he applied himself so as- 
 siduously and intelligently to its cultivation that he was able to extend the bound- 
 aries of his farm until it embraced five hundred acres. Here he has resided ever 
 since beginning his independent career, and has become deeply attached to the 
 place because of its association with the greatest experiences of his life. A 
 man of practical ideas and unlimited energy, Mr. Mackey attributes much of his 
 success to the fact that he has always concentrated his energies and directed his 
 activities toward a definite purpose. All of the improvements on his property 
 have been made during the period of his ownership. He has constructed large, 
 commodious barns, substantial outbuildings and a comfortable residence, and 
 as his circumstances have permitted has added many modem conveniences and 
 appliances, consistent with the progressive spirit that has characterized his under- 
 takings. His is now one of the most attractive and valuable properties in the 
 township, and he is contemplating making more extensive improvements within 
 the near future. He has an excellent water system and a number of other 
 conveniences not generally found on the farm homestead. Mr. Mackey oversees 
 the operation of his fields and gives his personal supervision to everything on 
 the farm, all of the work being done by him and his two sons. His land is 
 devoted to diversified farming in connection with which he also raises stock. 
 
 For his wife and helpmate Mr. Mackey chose Miss Eva McDowell, a native 
 of Mercer, Mercer county, Pennsylvania, their marriage being celebrated Sep- 
 tember 27, 1887. There were five children born to Mrs. Mackey's parents, three 
 sons and two daughters, all of whom are now residents of Illinois. The mother 
 passed away at the age of sixty-five years and the father, who was engaged in 
 the mercantile business, reached the remarkable age of four score and ten. Three 
 
HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY ,::^ -r 895 
 
 ; ; children have been born to Mr. and Mrs. Mackey : Eldred W. and Earl Edwin. 
 .''/ who are assisting their father with the operation of the farm; and Irma J., who 
 
 is attending school. 
 
 ';. Ever since granted the right of suffrage upon attaining his majority, Mr. 
 ':::. Mackey has given his political support to the men and measures of the demo- 
 
 ; cratic party. He takes an active interest in all township affairs and has served 
 
 on the school board for twenty years. He is held in high esteem by all who 
 
 . know him throughout the county, where his success is recognized as the just 
 
 : reward of intelligent and judiciously expended effort. 
 
 ':.>''; V'-'/.V ' ' : ::: AUGUST SWARTZ. \:-::;'' ' - , ^ ' ' ; :-::;v;.v:;- 
 
 A Knox county agriculturist of enterprising and progressive methods is 
 August Swartz, who owns two hundred and ninety acres of excellent land in 
 Truro township, located three miles northeast of Williamsfield, where he has 
 resided for the past nine years. He is a native of this state, his birth having 
 occurred in Woodford county in 1864, and a son of Henry and Caroline (Sand- 
 myer) Swartz. His father was born in Germany on the 2ist of March, 1824, and 
 there he was reared and educated, continuing to make his home in his native 
 land until he was twenty-two years of age. Having heard wonderful stories of 
 the opportunities and advantages afforded ambitious young men in the United 
 States, he in 1846 crossed the Atlantic to the new world. He landed in New 
 York city, where he remained for five or six years thereafter. At the expiration 
 of that time he came to Illinois, settling in Peoria, where he remained for six 
 years, removing to Woodford county. There he engaged in agricultural pursuits 
 with such excellent success that at the time of his death he owned six hundred 
 and forty acres of land, well improved and under high cultivation. In Peoria, 
 this state, on the 28th of October, 1848, was celebrated the marriage of Mr. 
 Swartz and Miss Sandmyer, and they became the parents of seven children r-/- 
 Henry, who was born on July 13, 1849, and died in 1850 or 1851 ; William, 
 whose birth occurred on the 26th of January, 1854; George, who was bom on 
 May 24, 1856, and died in 1905 ; Mary, born on the 22d of July, 1857. the wife 
 of John Kanive; John, who was born on the i8th of March, 1860, and died in 
 August, 1907 ; Henry, whose birth occurred on the 2Oth of May, 1862 ; and August, 
 born on the 7th of October, 1864. The parents both passed away in Woodford 
 county, the father dying at the age of seventy-seven and the mother at seventy- 
 three. 
 
 The education of August Swartz was obtained in the district schools in the 
 vicinity of his home, the period of his boyhood and youth being very similar in 
 every way to those of other lads reared in the country. He early began assist- 
 ing with the work of the fields and the care of the stock and after laying aside 
 his text-books, gave his undivided attention to agricultural pursuits. When 
 qualified to beg^n farming on his own responsibility he operated the old home 
 place, which he subsequently purchased, continuing its cultivation until 1902. 
 In the latter year he disposed of it and came to Knox county, purchasing his 
 present place in Truro township, containing two hundred and ninety acres. Dur-;" 
 
896 HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY f- ' < 
 
 ing the nine years of his residence here Mr. Swartz had made many improvements 
 in this property. He has erected good barns and outbuildings and a comfortable 
 house in addition to which he has also effected various minor changes that have 
 greatly improved the general appearance of the place. The greater part of his 
 land he rents, having practically retired from active work, but he and his wife 
 still continue to live on their farm. He is a man of progressive ideas and as he 
 takes great pride in his homestead his succeeded in making it one of the valuable 
 properties of the county. .^ 
 
 Mr. Swartz was married in 1894 to .Miss Minnie Lutz, who was also a resi- 
 dent of Wood ford county where she had been teaching for four years previouslv 
 She is a daughter of John P. Lutz, a blacksmith by trade, and a veteran of the 
 Civil war. Of the marriage of Mr. and Mrs. Swartz there has been born one son, 
 Cecil A., whose birth occurred September 19, 1897. 
 
 His political allegiance Mr. Swartz gives to the democratic party, and is now 
 and has been for the past five years serving as a member of the board of county 
 road commissioners, while he has been a school director ever since locating in the 
 county with the exception of one year. Mr. and Mrs. Swartz are members of 
 the Reformed church and the Methodist Episcof>al, respectively and fraternally, 
 he belongs to the Woodmen. Mr. Swartz is a man of upright conduct and sound 
 principles and during the period of his residence in Knox county has won and 
 retained the respect of all with whom he has had transactions because of his 
 honorable methods in conducting his dealings. , - ....;-. .: 
 
 :.;;:. CARL AUGUST EKSTADT. ; V ; 
 
 Carl August Ekstadt, who owns and operates a farm in Walnut Grove town- 
 ship, Knox county, was born March 23, 1864. He is one of the worthy repre- 
 sentatives that Sweden has sent to aid in the development of this rich agricultural 
 district. His parents, Samuel and Johanna Ekstadt, are now living in Altona. 
 The father was bom in Smoland, Sweden, in 1834, and was the son of A. Peter- 
 son, who followed farming throughout his entire life and died in Sweden in 
 1844. He married Hannah Carlson and of their family of seven children only 
 two are living, the brother of Samuel Ekstadt being Charles Peterson. 
 
 Samuel Ekstadt was only ten years of age when his father died, after which 
 he was reared by his maternal grandfather until able to take care of himself. 
 His name was changed when he took out naturalization papers. He married 
 Johanna Carlson, who was born in 1825 and was a daughter of Carl and Martha 
 Hickston. It was in the year 1868 that Samuel Ekstadt came to America, mak- 
 ing his way to Berlin, Illinois, where he remained for several years and then 
 removed to Woodhull, this state, where he carried on farming for ten years. 
 He next established his home in Walnut Grove township, Knox county, where 
 he purchased a farm, which he cultivated until 1896. He then removed to 
 Altona, where he is now living retired at the age of seventy-eight years. During 
 the early period of his residence in this state he was also employed as a laborer 
 by the Chicago, Burlington & Quincy Railroad. He has long been a faithful 
 member of the Swedish Lutheran church, of which he has served for many years 
 
; ;;;> . s; - HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY ;; : : 897 
 
 -. as a deacon. Of the children born to him and his wife three survive: Edward, 
 .=. a salesman residing in Chicago; Matilda, the wife of T. K. Brown, of Henry 
 .. county, Illinois; and Carl August. 
 
 V ; There was no event of special importance to vary the routine of farm life 
 
 X far Carl August Ekstadt in his boyhood and youth. He attended the district 
 
 ' ', schools and worked on the home farm, early becoming familiar with all the 
 
 . duties and labors incident to farm life. After he was eleven years of age he was 
 
 ; engaged as teamster on his father's farm for the following fifteen years and then 
 
 : . engaged in general farming and stock-raising on an adjoining tract, where he 
 
 .i has since resided. 
 
 '> On the I4th of February, 1889, Mr. Ekstadt was married to Miss Hulda 
 
 Louisa Faline, who was born on the 23d of January, 1869, in Gosafall-Tuna- 
 Soken-Kalmar Lane, Sweden, her parents being John M. and Bertha Louisa 
 ; ;': (Swanson) Faline. To Mr. and Mrs. Ekstadt five children have been born, all 
 ; of whom are residing at home: Ida Elvira, whose birth occurred on the 2d of 
 :' December, 1889, and who is now engaged in school teaching; Hazel Eleanora, 
 : who was born August i8, 1890; Harry Lawrence, born September 30, 1893; 
 : ; Carl Erwin H., born May 14, 1905 ; and Fem Linnea Irene, whose birth occurred 
 October 27, 1911. ,: > : ^ 
 
 In politics Mr. Ekstadt is a republican and, although he is not an active poiiti- 
 ; ' cian he keeps abreast of the times regarding the paramount issues before the 
 .'V country and is always ready with his vote and influence to do what he can to 
 secure the election of the candidates of his party. He belongs to the Lutheran 
 : church and Mrs. Ekstadt is also a member of the Ladies Missionary Society. 
 . He is well known throughout the township as a good and industrious man, en- 
 joying the confidence and respect of his neighbors and spending his life in honest 
 '^, and successful labor. :.; ; ^ '-.>>.";-:- -/^/.'^v "'"': .';:'' 
 
 ^'".^\ ;::'-X:- ':''' :;./"-"'.;.':- ^^ G. L. . 
 
 G. L. Doubet, who is now living retired on his farm two and a half miles 
 southeast of Williamsfield, was for many years one of the representative agri- 
 cult'urists of Truro township. He was bom in Peoria county .in November, 
 1849, and is a son of Elenor and Harriet (Slane) Doubet, the father a native 
 of France and the mother of the state of Ohio. When a lad of ten years, Elenor 
 Doubet emigrated to the United States with his parents, who located in the 
 western part of Peoria county, where he was reared to manhood. He completed 
 the education already begun in his native land in the district schools in the 
 vicinity of his home, and subsequently gave his attention to agricultural pur- 
 suits. When old enough to adopt a vocation, naturally he chose the one he 
 was best qualified for and engaged in farming. He was thrifty and industrious 
 as well as practical and used very good judgment in the direction of his under- 
 takings. His efforts were attended with success, and as his circumstances war- 
 ranted he invested in farming lands in the vicinity, becoming one of the exten- 
 sive property owners of the county. He passed away on his homestead at the 
 age of seventy-nine years, one of the highly esteemed and substantial citizens 
 
HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY 
 
 of the community. Unto Mr. and Mrs. Doubet there were bom ten children, 
 four of whom are deceased. Our subject is the eldest of the six living, the 
 others being as follows : J. D., a farmer of Truro township ; Eliza, the wife 
 of a Mr. Shoemaker, of Iowa; Isabel, who married D. Secreton, and is living 
 on the old home place in Peoria county ; John F., who owns and operates a farm 
 across the road from our subject in Peoria county ; and Charles, who is on the 
 home place. Those deceased are, one who died in infancy, Henry, Rebecca 
 and Delia. .. ;, 
 
 The early life of G. L. Doubet was passed very much in the manner of other 
 country lads of that period. He attended the district schools in the acquire- 
 ment of his education, and while mastering the common branches also assisted 
 his father with the work of the farm. By the time he had attained his maturity 
 he had a very thorough knowledge of the practical methods of agriculture and 
 continued to follow this vocation during the remainder of his active life. When 
 he was twenty-five he began farming for himself, locating on the place where 
 he has ever since resided in Truro township. This contains two hundred and 
 twenty-six and a half acres, all of which he brought under high cultivation 
 During the long period of his ownership he has wrought extensive improve- 
 ments in the place, including the erection of all the buildings now standing. He 
 is a man of practical ideas and progressive, and as his circumstances warranted 
 he installed on his farm such modern conveniences and improvements as he 
 deemed essential for the best interests of his business. General farming and 
 stock-raising were his chief activities and both proved to be very lucrative under 
 his competent direction. Mr. Doubet has for some years past been living prac- 
 tically retired, although he still resides on his homestead, having turned over 
 the cultivation of his fields to his sons. : .; 
 
 Mr. Doubet married Miss Sarah J. Cole, and they became the parents of 
 nine children, six of whom are living: Charles, who married Miss Nellie Bieder- 
 beck; Jennie, the wife of P. A. Murdock; Albert, who married Delia White; 
 Elarl ; Blanche ; and Una. Three are deceased ; a daughter, Effie ; and two infants. 
 
 Fraternally Mr. Doubet is a member of the Knights of Pythias and the 
 Independent Order of Odd Fellows, while he gives his political support to the 
 republican party. He has always assumed his share of the township govern- 
 mental responsibilities and has served with efficiency as assessor and collector. 
 Mr. Doubet has resided on his farm for thirty-seven years, and is therefore 
 widely known in the community, among whose residents he is held in favorable 
 regard, ever having conducted himself in all of the relations of life in such a 
 manner as to win the esteem of those with whom he had dealings. 
 
 . . ALEX. 
 
 A well cultivated farm of ninety-four acres located four and a half miles 
 .southeast of Victoria, does justice to the agricultural skill of A. Callahan, who 
 was born in Elba township, this county, on the loth of May, 1858. His parents 
 were John and Nancy (Walker) Callahan, pioneer settlers of Knox county, 
 where for many years the father was engaged in farming. He was born in Ire- 
 
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898 . HISTORY OF KXOX COUNTY 
 
 of the community. Unto ]\[r. and ^Irs. Doubet there were born ten children, ,' 
 four of whom are deceased. Our subject is the eldest of the six living, the 
 others l)eing as follows: J. D., a farmer of Truro township; Eliza, the wife ,- '. 
 of a Mr. Shoemaker, of Iowa; Isabel, who married D. Secreton, and is living 
 on the old home place in Peoria county; John F.. who owns and operates a farm 
 across the road from our subject in Peoria county; and Charles, who is on the ' .., 
 home place. Those deceased are, one who died in infancy, Henry, Rebecca ... 
 and Delia. ' 
 
 The early life of G. L. Doubet was passed very much in the manner of other : : 
 country lads of that period. He attended the district schools in the acquire- 
 ment of his education, and while mastering the common branches also assisted . . 
 his father with the work of the farm. By the time he had attained his maturity 
 he had a very thorough knowledge of the practical methods of agriculture and 
 continued to follow this vocation during the remainder of his active life. When 
 he was twenty-five he began farming for himself, locating on the place where 
 he has ever since resitled in Truro township. This contains two hundred and .: , 
 twenty-six and a half acres, all of which he brought under high cultivation 
 During the long period of his ownership he has wrought extensive improve- ' 
 ments in the place, including the erection of all the buildings now standing. He 
 is a man of jiractical ideas and progressive, and as his circumstances warranted . ' 
 he installed on his farm such modern conveniences and improvements as he '' 
 deemed essential for the best interests of his business. General farming and 
 stock-raising were his chief activities and both jiroved to lie very lucrative under 
 his com])etent direction. Mr. Doubet has for some years ])ast been living prac- > 
 
 tically retired, although he still resides on his homestead, having turned over 
 the cultivation of his fields to his sons. . . j ''. 
 
 Mr. Donbet married Miss Sarah J. Cole, and they became the parents of 
 nine children, six of whom are living: Charles, who married Miss Xellie Rieder- 
 Ijeck ; Jennie, the wife of P. A. Murdock ; Albert, who married Delia White; 
 Earl : Rlanche ; and L'na. Three are deceased ; a daughter, Effie ; and two infants. 
 
 I'raternally 'Mr. Douljct is a member of the Knights of Pythias and the 
 Independent Order of Odd Fellows, while he gives his jjolitical su])]iort to the -; - 
 republican party. He has always assumed his share of the township govern- '' 
 mental resjKjnsibilities and has served with efficiency as assessor and collector. . - 
 Mr. Doubet has resided on his farm for thirty-seven years, and is therefore ;, ' 
 widely known in the community, among whose residents he is held in favorable 
 regard, ever having conducted himself in all of the relations of life in such a .' : 
 manner as to win the esteem of those with whom he had dealings. ']''' 
 
 ." ALEX. CALLAHAX. 
 
 A well cultivated farm of ninety-four acres located four and a half miles 
 .southeast of \'ictoria, does justice to the agricultural skill of A. Callahan, who 
 was born in Elba township, this county, on the lOth of May, 1858. His parents 
 were John and Xancy (Walker) Callahan, pioneer settlers of Knox county, 
 where for many years the father was engaged in farming. He was born in Ire- 
 
r , HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY ^ 901 
 
 land, where he lived until he was eighteen years of age when he emigrated to 
 the United States, locating in Philadelphia. There he engaged in mercantile 
 pursuits until 1854 when he removed to Illinois, subsequently settling on a farm 
 in Elba township. This property contained eighty acres of fertile land, to the 
 further improvement and development of which he devoted his energies until 
 his death at the age of seventy-five years. The family of Mr. and Mrs. Callahan 
 consisted of four sons and two daughters: Matthew; John; William J. ; Alex., 
 our subject; Jane, who became the wife of Thomas Galpin ; and Anna P. 
 
 Alex. Callahan was reared on the home farm in Elba township, obtaining 
 his education in the district schools. While mastering the common branches 
 he assisted with the work of the farm, thus qualifying himself for an agricultural 
 career. After leaving school he went out west where he remained for three 
 years. At the expiration of that period he returned to Knox county and again 
 turned his attention to agricultural pursuits, which he has ever since followed. 
 He cultivated leased land at first, thus acquiring sufficient capital to buy his 
 present property, which he has now owned for fourteen years. During that 
 time he has made extensive improvements on the place, including the erection 
 of a very fine modern farm house that he completed in 1907. Since taking up 
 his residence here Mr. Callahan has equipped his homestead with such modern 
 conveniences from time to time as his circumstances permitted, and it is now 
 one of the attractive as well as valuable farms, of Victoria township. 
 
 Mr. Callahan's plans for a home of his own had their consummation in his 
 marriage to Miss Christina Peterson, who was bom in Sweden, whence she was 
 brought to the United States at the age of two years. Four children have been 
 born to Mr. and Mrs. Callahan, as follows: Ada and Blanche, who are 
 stenographers in Galesburg ; Myrtle, who married Andrew McC.lure ; and Stella. 
 
 In matters of faith Mr. and Mrs. Callahan are members of the Congrega- 
 tional church and fraternally he is identified with the Modem Woodmen of 
 America. In his political views Mr. Callahan is independent, giving his sup- 
 port to the men and measures he deems best qualified to subserve the interests 
 of the majority. He leads a very active life as is evidenced by the appearance 
 of his fields, which he has brought under high cultivation, his crops annually 
 bringing him a very satisfactory income. 
 
 ;;. -7,.; ;,:;/-.': ol7':/;-^^-,';j-.V;;'. JACOB HUBER. -:'-'/;;:;; ' ;;. :-:^'--'^:^<^-:'-''. 
 
 Jacob Huber, who resides on a fine farm of two hundred and eighty-eight 
 acres located two and a half miles northeast of Williamsfield, has been identified 
 with the agricultural development of Knox county for forty-seven years. He 
 was bom in Berks county, Pennsylvania, in May, 1845, ^"d is a son of Benjamin 
 and Rebecca (Burkhardt) Huber, also natives of Berks county. There the 
 father, who was a blacksmith, followed his trade until the fall of 1849, when 
 with his wife and family he came to Illinois, locating in Peoria county, where 
 he passed away at the venerable age of eighty-two years. Mr. and Mrs. Huber 
 were the parents of nine children, five of whom are deceased. Our subject is the 
 
 VoL n 41 
 
902 HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY 
 
 eldest of those living, the others being as follows: Mary, the wife of Isaac 
 Anderson ; Elmira, who married John Hart ; and Delila, now Mrs. Levi Felby. 
 
 Practically the entire life of Jacob Huber has been passed in Illinois, as 
 he was only a child of four years when he accompanied his people on their 
 removal from Pennsylvania to this state. He obtained a common-school educa- 
 tion in Peoria county, but early laid aside his text-books to assist in the opera- 
 tion of the home farm. At the age of twenty years he left home and came to 
 Knox county, very soon thereafter locating on the place he now owns. During 
 the period of his residence here he has extended the boundaries of his farm and 
 has made many improvements on it. All of the buildings now standing on the 
 place have been built since he became the owner, and he has added many 
 modern conveniences and improvements that have greatly increased the value 
 of the property. He has expended much care and labor in the tilling of his 
 fields that have been brought under high cultivation, and annually yield abundant 
 harvests that fully compensate him for his painstaking efforts. 
 
 Mr. Huber has been married three times, his first union being with Miss 
 Catherine Armstrong, and unto them were born six children, four sons and two 
 daughters. He next married Carrie Pulver, and his present wife was Mrs. .:. . 
 Edith Messmore. One son, Harold, who is operating his father's farm, has .:r_. ;. 
 been born unto Mr. Huber and his third wife. Besides his own children he .;; . 
 reared Iva Riggins and Julia Kimbal. ' .. .; ,; ^ !. 'i,' 
 
 The political views of Mr. Huber are not coinciding with any of the parties, :=' . 
 but he votes independently for the man whom he considers the most proficient to .'; v- 
 fill the office. Although he takes an active interest in all township affairs he has ^" ; ;-. 
 never sought political preferment, having given his undivided attention to the /v^- 
 development of his personal interests. Mr. Huber came here as a young man 'V/.v 
 practically penniless and has through his own energy and perseverance become 
 one of the prosperous agriculturists of Truro township, among whose citizens 
 he enjoys a wide and favorable acquaintance. . .. ' 
 
 -J'''--:'^'-'-- ' . '' ] A. TUCKER. ; ':-^-:' ^;; .:-; -r/;.^' 
 
 ''-.*" .*.'.' " 
 
 J. A. Tucker, who is conducting an implement business in Williams- 
 field in connection with which he is also operating a harness shop, is a native 
 of Knox county, his birth having occurred on the old home farm in Truro town- 
 ship in 1850. His parents were Vachel L. and Jane Tucker, the father a native 
 of Ashland, Ohio, whence he migrated in 1833 to Knox county. He acquired a 
 tract of land in Truro township that he settled upon, devoting the remainder of 
 his life to its operation, his death occurring on his farm at the age of sixty- 
 seven years. Of the marriage of Mr. and Mrs. Vachel L. Tucker there were 
 born nine children. 
 
 The boyhood and youth of J. A. Tucker were in every way similar to those 
 of other lads of the period who were reared in the country. He attended the 
 schools of Truro township and later the high school of Elmwood, in the acquire- 
 ment of an education. While pursuing his studies he had to assist in the work 
 of the fields and the care of the stock on the home place, thus qualifying him- 
 
. , .; HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY i ^- 903 
 
 4 - .-->.-- '. - . .- ; 
 
 self for a future agricultural career. After leaving school he devoted his entire 
 time and attention to farming until 1893, when he came to Williamsfield and 
 engaged in business. Mr. Tucker met with very good success in his agricultural 
 pursuits and now owns a fine farm of one hundred and sixty acres in Truro town- 
 ship. It is equipped with modern improvements and appliances, while the fields 
 have been brought into a high state of productivity, being one of the most at- 
 tractive and valuable properties in that vicinity. Mr. Tucker's store is well sup- 
 plied with an extensive variety of farming implements in connection with which 
 he also operates a harness shop, both affording him lucrative returns. He is 
 a capable business man, while his practical knowledge of farming implements and 
 the needs of the agriculturist well qualify for the vocation he is now following. 
 His entire attention is given to his store, his farm now being operated by a 
 tenant. His son, Seth, is in business with his father. During a heavy storm 
 this summer, Mr. Tucker had the misfortune to have his barns struck by light- 
 ning, the buildings and their contents being entirely destroyed. -'..-:. 
 
 Mr. Tucker, who is very happy in his home life, chose for his wife Miss 
 Lilly C. Love, of Knox county, and they have become the parents of five children, 
 as follows : Seth, who is in business with his father ; Leto Jane, the widow of 
 Dr. Luther Stowell, who is now engaged in nursing; Myrtle Alberta, the wife 
 of James L. Cation, a farmer south of Williamsfield ; Lilly Mabel, who married 
 John Aldrich, of Bloomington; and Dora May, who is at home. 
 
 Mr. and Mrs. Tucker affiliate with the Methodist Episcopal church, while 
 he is a member of the Independent Order of Odd Fellows and the Modem 
 Woodmen. In his political views he is a stanch republican, and gives his un- 
 qualified support to the men and measures of that party, believing that its policy 
 is best adapted to subserve the interests of the majority. A man of untiring 
 industry, by the intelligent direction of his activities and the concentration of 
 his forces Mr. Tucker has met with success in anything he has undertaken, and is 
 recognized as one of the affluent citizens of Truro township. ., . ..., . ., .. .. 
 
 ;;...,; '''\^' ::-;;::.>-"": .;;/;V^''-^v'V'A. H. RICE. M^V.-:--;:')'.:.-.- :' ^' :::': ^^:'-:.:^'- 
 
 A highly prosperous and enterprising agriculturist of Knox county is A. H. 
 Rice, who owns three hundred and thirty-five acres of most productive land in 
 Truro township, located four miles northeast of Williamsfield. To the further 
 improvement and cultivation of this property he has devoted his entire time and 
 energy for the past nineteen years, with most gratifying results. 
 
 Mr. Rice was born in Victoria township, this county, on the 2Oth of Septem- 
 ber, i86i, and there he was reared in a manner, similar to other farmer lads, 
 receiving his education in the district schools. While engaged with the mastery 
 of the common branches, he was laying the foundation for a future agricultural 
 career by assisting with the work of the fields and care of the stock. Naturally 
 when he was old enough to decide upon a life vocation, he chose the one to 
 which he felt he was best adapted, and has never had any occasion to regret 
 his selection as he has prospered in his undertakings, and is now numbered 
 among the substantial farmers of his community. He was an ambitious and 
 
904 HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY 
 
 energetic as well as thrifty youth, and concentrated his entire efforts upon ac- 
 quiring sufficient capital to purchase a place of his own. His endeavors proved 
 successful, and immediately following his marriage in 1890 he settled on a place 
 located in this county, that he operated for a year. In 1892, he disposed of this 
 property and purchased his present homestead. Since becoming the owner, Mr. 
 Rice has wrought many improvements that have added greatly to the appear- 
 ance and value of the place. All of the buildings now standing have been 
 erected since he came here, and he has also installed many modern conveniences 
 and comforts, indicative of the spirit of progress that characterizes all of his 
 undertakings. Everything about the place manifests close supervision and capable 
 management, and the careful regard for details that invariably accompanies suc- 
 cess in any enterprise. Mr. Rice is operating his farm in strict accordance to 
 the modern methods of agriculture, and as a result his fields annually yield him 
 abundant harvests that command the market's highest prices. His efforts are not 
 entirely confined to diversified farming, much of his attention being g^ven to the 
 raising of stock, which has also proven to be very remunerative. He is not only 
 a competent agriculturist but a business man of practical ideas and Sound judg- 
 ment, who owes his success to his tireless industry and the intelligent direction 
 of his activities. 
 
 In 1890 Mr. Rice completed his arrangements for a home of his own by his 
 marriage to Miss Priscilla Yelm, a daughter of Anderson and Priscilla (Abey) 
 Yelm, the father a native of Sweden and the mother of Pennsylvania. Mrs. 
 Rice was also born in Knox county in 1868. The family of Mr. and Mrs. 
 Rice number six, as follows. Vesper M., Lester A., William F., George E., Sadie 
 A. and Arthur. Of the seven children bom to them one died in infancy. The 
 sons all assist their father in the operation of the farm, thus making it possible 
 to almost entirely dispense with the need of hired help. 
 
 His political prerogatives Mr. Rice exercises in support of such men and 
 measures as are advanced by the democratic party, to the principles of which 
 he has been absolutely loyal ever since granted the right of franchise. He takes 
 an active interest in all township affairs, but is not an aspirant to public honors 
 or the emoluments of office, and, therefore, has never been associated with local 
 governmental matters in any capacity save that of school director. Fraternally 
 he is a Woodman. Mr. Rice has spent his entire life in the immediate vicinity 
 of his present homestead, where he is well known and highly regarded, as he has 
 always conducted himself in all of his relations of life, both public and private, 
 in such a manner as to command the respect of his community. 
 
 '" GEORGE E. MORGAN.: v:' ;.-:;;: :y 
 
 George E. Morgan, who is successfully engaged in general farming and 
 stock-raising three and a half miles northwest of Williamsfield, was born in Haw 
 Creek township, Knox county, on December 24, 1863. His father. Peter Mor- 
 gan, was a native of Ireland, his birth occurring in i8i8. There he spent the 
 first fifteen years of his life, when he ran away from home and went to sea, 
 binding himself to five years' service. At the expiration of that period he came 
 
 '..f: . 
 - V , . 
 
jr :.:-;:-: ':, HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY - H ^ 
 
 to the United States and enlisted in the navy for seven years. He was in the 
 service during the period of the Mexican war, at which time he was assigned 
 to the revenue force, and was on the boat that carried the American minister 
 back to Mexico after the close of hostilities. He left the navy at the expiration 
 of his period of enlistment and about 1856 came to Illinois, locating in Peoria 
 county. He turned his attention to agricultural pursuits, and went to work 
 for Joe Lyons, who owned a farm in Millbrook township, that county. Being 
 industrious, he applied himself intelligently to whatever duty was assigned him, 
 thus soon acquired a practical understanding of the methods of tilling the fields 
 and caring for the crops. It was his ambition to own a farm, and this proved an 
 incentive to the exercise of thrift and self-denial and little by little he accumu- 
 lated sufficient capital to begin for himself. After his marriage in 1863 he rented 
 some land in Haw Creek township that he cultivated with such excellent suc- 
 cess that at the expiration of two years he was in a position to buy a farm in the 
 same township. His entire time and attention was devoted to the further devel- 
 opment of this place during the remainder of his active life, and there he passed 
 away at the venerable age of eighty-one years. For his wife and helpmate Mr, 
 Morgan chose Miss Mary Batson, who was born in Ohio and reared in Missouri. 
 Being Union sympathizers, her people left Missouri during the war and came 
 to Illinois, but after the close of hostilities returned to the south. The family 
 of Mr. and Mrs. Morgan numbered six, the eldest of whom is our subject, the 
 others being as follows : Stephen and Rosie, both of whom are deceased ; William 
 and Robert, who are residents of this township ; and Elizabeth, who is also 
 deceased. 
 
 George E. Morgan was reared in his native county, acquiring his education 
 in the common schools in the vicinity of his father's home. After he had mastered 
 the common branches he laid aside his text-books and turned his entire attention 
 toward the operation of the farm, with the work of which he had been assisting 
 from early boyhood. Agricultural pursuits have always engaged his energies and 
 he has met with success in his undertakings. He is enterprising and practical 
 in his methods and now owns one of the valuable farms of Truro township. 
 His homestead contains two hundred and ten acres of good land that he has 
 brought under high cultivation, and here engages in diversified farming and' 
 stock-raising. His efforts in both branches of the business are meeting with 
 substantial returns, and he is recognized as one of the successful agriculturists 
 and capable business men of the township. Since locating here Mr. Morgan 
 has wrought extensive improvements in his place, having erected all of the build- 
 ings now standing and he has also effected many minor changes, that add greatly 
 to the appearance and financial value of the property, s 
 
 Mr. Morgan's efforts have been ably assisted by his wife, whose maiden name 
 was Alice R. Stubbs, a native of Millbrook township, Peoria county, and a 
 daughter of John Stubbs, a well known farmer of that section. They are the 
 parents of two children, Melvin and Leona. The former is now assisting his 
 father with the operation of the farm, and is an earnest and enterprising young 
 man, who gives every assurance of possessing the qualities that make for suc- 
 cess in any vocation. 
 
 Fraternally Mr. Morgan is an Odd Fellow, and his political allegiance is 
 given to the democratic party. He has always taken an active interest in local 
 
906 HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY 
 
 ^\\^ 
 
 affairs and in 1895 was elected supervisor, serving in this capacity until 1907, 
 while for three years he was commissioner and he has also been a member of the 
 school board. Mr. Morgan is a man who discharges his official duties with the 
 same sense of obligation and responsibility that he manifests in the execution 
 of any task or business enterprise, and is, therefore, justly entitled to the respect 
 he is accorded in his community. 
 
 ' :;;"'""' : : . ' ]. EDWIN 
 
 J. Edwin Main, who engages in general farming and stockraising in Walnut 
 Grove township, Knox county, and who is numbered among the substantial agri- 
 culturists of this vicinity, was born on the 7th of November, 1875, on the old 
 Main homestead, his parents being Andrew and Ellen (Moore) Main. The 
 father was born December 6, 1846, in Mothler, Ayrshire, Scotland, and the 
 mother in Rio township, on the I3th of March, 1848. The grandparents were 
 Peter and Jane (Ferguson) Main, of whom the former came to America with 
 his three children after the death of his wife in Scotland. Arriving in Chicago, 
 they proceeded to Knox county and subsequently went to Minnesota for a short 
 residence before returning to this county, where the death of Peter Ferguson 
 occurred May i, 1878, at the age of sixty-nine years. Andrew Main, the father 
 of our subject, was but seven years of age on his arrival in this country and 
 during his sojourn in Chicago at the time of the cholera epidemic the death of 
 his only sister occurred. Mr. and Mrs. Andrew Main were the parents of three 
 children: J. Edwin, our subject; Kate, who married Walter D. McMasters, a 
 farmer of Walnut Grove township; and Clark A., also an agriculturist of this 
 township. Mrs. Andrew Main is a daughter of Lyman King and Mary S. 
 (Woodman) Moore, natives of New York and Massachusetts, respectively. -, 
 They came west early in life and settled in Rio township, engaging in farming 
 pursuits until their death. 
 
 During his boyhood days J. Edwin Main worked on his father's farm and 
 passed through the usual experiences which enter the life of a country boy, en- 
 gaging in the general routine of the farm during the summer season and attend- ; 
 ing the district school during the winter. He assisted his father until he was 
 twenty-five years of age, when, ambitious to enter upon an independent career, 
 he removed to the farm upon which he is now residing. When he settled upon 
 this land it was in a more or less uncultivated state, but he gradually succeeded 
 in making improvements so that now it is provided with all the equipments and 
 conveniences of a successful farm. He engages in a general agricultural busi- 
 ness, producing the various grain crops, and also devotes attention to stock-rais- 
 ing, breeding excellent standard-bred hogs. Intelligent management and close 
 application to these undertakings have brought him unusual success and he 
 makes his home today in one of the most comfortable and modernly equipped 
 farm residences in Walnut Grove township. 
 
 On February 14, 1900, Mr. Main wedded IVIiss Ida McMaster, who was born 
 on the 26th of August, 1879, on the McMaster homestead. Her parents, Thomas 
 and Elizabeth (Hawk) McMaster, who are prominent farmers of Walnut Grove 
 
4/;^:' ;;;';;'':;- HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY V ; 907 
 
 township, were the parents of four children: George A., who married Clara 
 Nash; William John, who wedded Agnes McGaan; Mrs. Main; and one de- 
 ceased. The first three named are residing in Walnut Grove township. Mrs. 
 Main received her education in St. Mary's school of Knoxville, Illinois, after 
 vvhich she remained at home until her marriage. Mr. and Mrs. Main are the 
 parents of two children : Harold E., born May 17, 1901 ; and Everett, born April 
 
 15, 1905. 
 
 Mr. Main gives his political support to the republican party and, although he 
 has never sought office, his interest in the educational development and welfare 
 of his community is so great that he is at present a member of the school board. 
 Both he and Mrs. Main hold membership in the Presbyterian church of Altona, 
 he being one of its trustees and his wife being a prominent member of the Ladies 
 Social Union. He is a man of integrity and ambition and is accounted one of 
 Walnut Grove township's representative citizens. .:.-;.'; , - 
 
 ;.' /V''\'" .^':-. "^""-'^:}^--.^J;: W. B. 
 
 W. B. Huber is the owner of ninety acres of land in Truro township, that 
 he has been successfully operating for the past eleven years. It is well improved 
 and the general appearance of both the fields and buildings on the place indicate 
 the spirit of enterprise and industry that characterize Mr. Huber. He was born 
 in this township in 1867, and is a son of Mr. and Mrs. Jacob Huber, who are 
 mentioned at greater length elsewhere in this work. .. ; 
 
 W. B. Huber passed his boyhood and youth similarly to other farmer lads, 
 obtaining his education in the common schools. He early began assisting his 
 father with the work of fields and the care of the stock, and after laying aside 
 his school books he gave his entire attention to agricultural pursuits. He re- 
 mained on the home place until he was qualified to begin farming for himself, 
 when he of)erated his mother-in-law's place for eleven years. As he is an ener- 
 getic man of practical ideas he met with success in his undertakings and during 
 that time acquired sufficient capital to purchase the place where he is now living. 
 This has undergone extensive improvements during the period of his owner- 
 ship and is now one of the attractive appearing farms of this section. He has 
 erected large, substantial barns and outbuildings and a comfortable residence, and 
 fenced all of the fields, which are under high cultivation. Ever since he re- 
 moved here, in 1900, Mr. Huber has given his personal supervision to everything 
 about the place, much of the work having been performed by him. His fields 
 are devoted to the raising of such cereals as are best adapted to the soil, and 
 annually yield abundant harvests. In connection with general farming Mr. Huber 
 also raises stock, and this has likewise proven to be very lucrative. 
 
 For his wife Mr. Huber chose Miss Olive Cadwell, a daughter of James Cad- 
 well, who is now deceased, and Elizabeth (Wolf) Cadwell. The father came to 
 Knox county in his boyhood and was identified with the agricultural interests 
 of Truro township during the entire period of his active life. The mother is 
 still living and now makes her home in Williamsfield. Mr. and Mrs. Huber have 
 
908 " HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY 
 
 two children : Clyde, who is a youth of eighteen years ; and Kathrine Elizabeth, 
 who is ten. 
 
 The religious views of Mr. and Mrs. Huber coincide with the creed of the 
 Methodist Episcopal church, in which they hold membership, and his political 
 support he gives to the republican party. He has always taken an active interest 
 in township affairs and has served as school trustee. Having spent his entire 
 life in this immediate vicinity Mr. Huber is widely known in the community, 
 among whose citizens he numbers many close friends, the majority of whom were 
 comrades of his boyhood. . . : . . -. ; 
 
 AMOS O. GIBBS. 
 
 Amos O. Gibbs for more than twenty years has been engaged in general 
 farming and stock-raising on section 22, Victoria township, where he owns one 
 hundred and twenty acres of land that he has brought under high cultivation. 
 He was born in Lynn township, Knox county, on the 4th of August, 1850, and 
 is a son of the late Martin and Mary Ann (.Moak) Gibbs, Jr., the paternal grand- 
 father likewise having borne the name of Martin Gibb$. 
 
 Reared on his father's farm, the youthful years of Amos O. Gibbs were not 
 marked by either luxury or privation, but were very similar to those of other 
 country lads of that period. His education was begun in his home district and 
 completed in the public schools of Galva, which he attended for two years. At 
 the expiration of that period he gave his undivided attention to agricultural pur- 
 suits, with the expectation of making farming his life vocation. By the time he 
 had attained his maturity he was a skilled agriculturist and fully capable of 
 taking charge of a place of his own, but he remained at home until he was mar- 
 ried at the age of thirty-seven years. Immediately following this event he 
 located on the place where he is now living, and here he and his wife have passed 
 the entire period of their domestic life. This was then the property of his 
 brother, P. H. Gibbs, but the greater part of the improvements had been made 
 by the preceding owner, a Mr. Dalgrin, including the erection of the dwelling. 
 During the period of his occupancy, however, Mr. Gibbs has wrought many 
 changes that have greatly added to the appearance and value of the place. Here 
 in connection with his general farming he has been raising stock, using the 
 greater part of his g^ain for feed. He is an industrious man of persevering 
 habits and gives his personal supervision to all of the work about his place. 
 His fields are carefully and intelligently cultivated, all the fences and buildings 
 are kept well repaired, and everything about his farm su^ests thrift and 
 prosperity. ^ 1' -^ .' > ' ;v =^ . 
 
 Mr. Gibbs established a home for himself in 1887, when he married Miss 
 Elizabeth Johnson, who was born in Sweden, a daughter of Lewis H. and Chris- 
 tina Johnson, both of whom .are now deceased. She emigrated to America with 
 her parents as a child of two years, and was reared in this county, receiving 
 her education in the district schools of Victoria township. Her parents spent 
 their latter years in Knox county and are buried in Galva cemetery, Lynn town- 
 
a 
 
 o 
 -r. 
 
908 HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY 
 
 two cliildren : Clyde, who is a youth of eighteen years; and Katlrrine Elizabeth, 
 who is ten. 
 
 The religious views of Mr. and !Mrs. Huber coincide with the creed of the 
 Methodist Ejjiscopal church, in which they hold membership, and his political 
 supi)ort he gives to the repul)lican party. He has always taken an active interest 
 in townshi]) affairs and has served as school trustee. Having spent his entire 
 life in this immediate vicinity Mr. Huber is widely known in the community, 
 among whose citizens he numbers many close friends, the majority of whom were 
 comrades of his bovhood. 
 
 A.MOS O. GI1513S. 
 
 Amos O. Gibbs for more than twenty years has been engaged in general 
 farming and stock-raising on section 22, \'ictoria township, where he owns one 
 hundred and twenty acres of land that he has brought under high cultivation. 
 He was born in Lynn townshij), Knox county, on the 4th of August, 1850, and 
 is a son of the late Martin and Mary Ann (.Moak) Gibbs, Jr., the paternal grand- 
 father likewise having borne the name of Martin Gibbs. 1 
 
 Reared on his father's fann. the youthful years of Amos O. Gibbs were not 
 marked by either luxury or privation, but were very similar to those of other 
 country lads of that period. His education was begun in his home district and 
 completed in the public schools of Galva, which he attended for two years. At 
 the exjjiration of that period he gave his undivided attention to agricultural pur- 
 suits, with the expectation of making farming his life vocation. By the time he 
 had attained his maturity he was a skilled agriculturist and fully capable of 
 taking charge of a place of his own, but he remained at home until he was mar- 
 ried at the age of thirty-seven years. Immediately following this event he 
 located on the place where he is now living, and here he and his wife have passed 
 the entire period of their domestic life. This was then the proi)erty of his 
 brother, I'. II. Gibbs, but the greater part of the improvements had been made 
 by the preceding owner, a Mr. Dalgrin, including the erection of the dwelling. 
 During the i)eriod of his occupanc}', however, Mr. Gibbs has wrought many 
 changes that have greatly added to the appearance and value of the place. Here 
 in connection with his general farming he has been raising stock, using the 
 greater j)art of his grain for feed. He is an industrious man of persevering 
 habits and gives his personal supervision to all of the work about his place. 
 His fields are carefully and intelligently cultivated, all the fences and buildings 
 are kept well rc])aired, and everything about his farm suggests thrift and 
 prosperity. I 
 
 Mr. Gibbs established a home for himself in 1887, when he married Miss 
 F.lizabeth Johnson, who was born in Sweden, a daughter of Lewis II. and Chris- 
 tina Johnson, both of whom. are now deceased. She emigrated to America with 
 her parents as a child of two years, and was reared in this county, receiving 
 her education in the district schools of X'ictoria township. Her parents spent 
 their latter years in Knox county and are buried in Galva cemetery, Lynn town- 
 
X 
 
'.X:;:- HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY : ; ;: 911 
 
 ship. Six children have been born to Mr. and Mrs. Gibbs, Martin Harrison, 
 Ada, Roy, Lewis, Carl and Irene. 
 
 The political views of Mr. Gibbs accord with the principles of the republi- 
 can party, for whose candidates he casts his ballot. He has met with more 
 than an average measure of success in his pursuits, and is one of the stock- 
 holders in the Farmers' Elevator and their creamery and likewise the Mutual 
 Telephone Company; he is also interested in two imported breeding horses. 
 Mr. Gibbs is a capable agriculturist and business man, whose undertakings 
 are characterized by intelligent direction and competent management. 
 
 '"-: ..'.; - ' '^' ^': ALOXZO F. PADEX. v:7'-;:' ' ^^: /' ?-;:;' r-'^'v- 
 
 ' - 
 
 Blessed with the heritage of a sturdy stock of ancestors Alonzo F. Paden 
 derives from them not only his excellent constitution and the physical attributes 
 giving promise of the longevity for which the family is noted, but also the intel- 
 lectual and temperamental characteristics that insure success, the ability to get on 
 in the world and the power of winning friends. His birth occurred in Gales- 
 burg township, Knox county, July 3, 1854. The Paden family was originally 
 Scotch but have lived in this country for several generations, the grandfather, 
 Isaac Paden, being a native of Pennsylvania. He married Celia Fish, a native 
 of New York state, and in 1843 removed his family to Knox county, Illinois, and 
 settled on a farm southwest of Galesburg. Illinois remained his home for the 
 rest of his life, excepting a number of years during which he lived in Minne- 
 sota, returning from there to Henry county, where he tilled the soil for many 
 years. He died in Knox county at the advanced age of ninety-five years, having 
 been born in 1800. Alonzo F. Paden is a son of James and Martha (Edgar) 
 (Fuqua) Paden, the father being a native of Crawford county, Pennsylvania, bom 
 June 17; 1827, the mother a native of Kentucky. They were married over fifty 
 years during which time they were residents of Knox county. At the death of his 
 wife July 26, 1904, Mr. Paden withdrew from active work on his land and 
 came to live with his son Alonzo, dying a few years ago. He was well known 
 throughout the county for his splendid public spirit and his keen interest in the 
 welfare of his community, giving without reserve of 'his time and efforts in the 
 aid of any cause for the general advancement and growth. He gave his political 
 support to the republicans and was called upon to serve as supervisor of the 
 township being a member of the board that secured the erection of the new court- 
 house. His high standard of integrity won him the confidence of his business 
 associates among whom he was an important factor in his capacity as director 
 of the First National Bank of Galesburg, while his pleasant manner and courte- 
 ous bearing made him a general favorite among all classes in the town. 
 . ; Alonzo F. Paden obtained his education in this county, where he has lived 
 since his birth. He attended the public schools and supplemented this by two 
 years at Knox College, in Galesburg. When entering upon his life's work he 
 took up farming in which he continued until his retirement some years ago. 
 Through industry and thrift and by pursuing practical methods, he made good 
 profits which he invested in more land and now owns not only the farm of five 
 
912 HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY --.,;-; 
 
 hundred and twenty acres which he operated with success for many years but 
 also large holdings in other states. Financially he is interested in the People's 
 Trust Bank of Galesburg in which he is a director. 
 
 On February i6, i88i, he was united in the bonds of wedlock to Miss Sarah 
 E. Eckman, a daughter of Samuel and Elizabeth (French) Eckman, both natives .:-^;.. 
 of Pennsylvania, who became residents of Knox county in the early '5os, Mr. ' ;;- 
 Eckman being a farmer by occupation. Seven children were born to Mr. and {:' 
 Mrs. Paden of whom four are deceased. The others, all living at home are, .',-= 
 Blanche, Glen Paul and Mildred May. H.' ^ 
 
 Mr. Paden has always been a consistent republican in the exercise of his-;., . ' 
 right of franchise and was called to the office of supervisor of the township, 
 serving five years in this capacity. In his fraternal relations he is connected -.;-':' 
 with Lodge No. 894, B. P. O. E., and he also holds membership in the Gales- . .; ' 
 burg Club. Mr.* Paden is a man of singular strength of character, of that lofty '!'."': 
 sense of honor which admits of no compromise, and by his gracious manner has ': .-; 
 made many warm friends who hold him in high esteem. :..'. 
 
 -; ' v:^v HIRAM RILEY KING. ' . .; . , 
 
 Among the agriculturists of Lynn township, Knox county, who have been 
 numbered among the substantial farmers and representative citizens and who : 
 achieved success and surrounded themselves with prosperity by their own exer- . 
 tions and persevering efforts was Hiram Riley King, whose birth occurred near 
 Akron, Ohio, on the 2ist of January, 1832, and who died on the I9th of Decem- 
 ber, 1910. His industry and enterprise, together with good management, had 
 been the means of enabling him to acquire a considerable acreage of excellent 
 land, which for many years he kept under cultivation and from which he derived 
 bountiful harvests. 
 
 His parents were Ambrose and Sarah (Root) King. The father, who was ' 
 bom in New York state, February 22, 1798, removed to Knox county m 1853 
 and located near the Union schoolhouse, where he resided for the greater part of : 
 his life. The mother's death occurred on the 2d of December, 1839. at Shalers- 
 ville, Ohio. She had five children, one of whom survives. Homer A., of Col- 
 ton, California. On the ist of September, 1840, Mr. King was married to Miss ' 
 Harriet Porter^ of Bath, Ohio, and by their union three children were born: 
 Mrs. Sarah E. Patty, of Riverside, California : Ambrose L., of Victoria, Illi- 
 nois ; and Corwin S., deceased. The father's death occurred on the I9th of Janu- 
 ary, 1876, when he was about seventy-eight years of age, and his second wife 
 died on the 2Oth of December, 1885. , .--'-^--^ ..; 'i^--:--~,::''^:^^'~^-f^-- ^ - \ .'"': 
 
 Hiram R. King acquired his education in his native state and in the mean- 
 time assisted his father in the duties of the farm. Upon completing his studies 
 he remained under the parental roof and daily engaged in farm work until 
 1859. In that year he crossed the plains with ox teams to California, although 
 en route he stopped at Pike's Peak. The trip required six months and he re- 
 mained in the west one year, returning home by way of the isthmus of Panama. 
 
;^vV^ ;;:::.:, HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY ;' 9i3 
 
 In December, i86i, he arrived in Knox county, and on the I3th of February, 
 
 1862, was married to Miss Lydia Ann Collinson, who was born on the I2th of 
 
 . August, 1837, near Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania, but removed to Walnut Grove 
 
 township, Knox county, when she was but one year old with her parents, Simeon 
 
 ; L. and Mary Collinson. Of the children of her parents four survive: John C., 
 
 ' who is residing in Altona ; Mrs. Martha McLaughlin ; Mrs. James McGoon, a 
 
 ;'' resident of Altona; and Mrs. Mary E. Durham, who makes her home in Mendota, 
 
 .Illinois. To Mr. and Mrs. King six children were born: Stephen A., of Lynn 
 
 . ' township, who is married to Isabel Crose ; Susan L., deceased, who was the wife 
 
 :-' of Frank Riner and had one son, now making his home with his uncle ; Har- 
 
 "r riet M., at home; Simeon H., deceased; Roy N., in charge of home farm; and 
 
 Eunice J., deceased. 
 
 After their marriage Mr. and Mrs. King settled on a farm near West Jersey, 
 : Illinois, where they lived one year. Later they removed to a farm in Knox 
 county and after residing there for a year went to California, where they re- 
 mained for twelve months, Mr. King being engaged in the dairy business. After 
 their return to Illinois they settled on the place where they resided until their 
 deaths. In addition to general farming Mr. King also engaged in stock-raising 
 to some extent. His farm was brought under a high state of cultivation and 
 provided with all the modern improvements. 
 
 In politics Mr. King was a democrat and he held membership in the Christian 
 church, which held its meetings in the Union schoolhouse. By industry, persever- 
 ance and patience, together with an ambition to succeed, he made his way step 
 by step until he rose to a position where he was numbered among Knox county's 
 substantial farmers and most highly respected citizens. 
 
 .-:^ ' -':.;;'. ;; v;;. , 'I.- JAMES ARMSTRONG. '^.^'-:'\.' .:-^: . / /;:'-;:;. 
 
 General farming and stock-raising engage the attention of James Armstrong, ; 
 who is associated with his brother in the operation of a farm located six and a 
 half miles north of Williamsfield. His birth occurred in Scotland in 1858, and 
 he is a son of James and Mary (Montgomery) Armstrong, who resided in the ;., 
 land of hills and heather, where the father engaged in farming, until 1867. In ',':, 
 the latter year with his wife and family James Armstrong emigrated to the United ; 
 States, and upon his arrival in this country made his way directly to Knox 
 county. He first located on a farm on section 36, Victoria township, but sub- 
 sequently removed to Truro township, where he passed away at the age of eighty- /' ^ 
 three years. The mother is still living at the venerable age of eighty-three and 
 makes her home with her sons James and Thomas. The family of Mr. and 
 Mrs. Armstrong numbered nine, all of whom are deceased with the exception of ' 
 
 ' four, as follows: Mary, who is the wife of Charles Angus, of Peoria county;. .:,J 
 James, our subject; Jeannette, the wife of W. B. Elliott, an agriculturist of v 
 Truro township; and Thomas, who is associated with our subject in agricultural ; 
 pursuits. 
 
 James Armstrong was only a lad of eleven years when he emigrated to America ; 
 
 . with his parents and has spent the greater part of his life in the immediate vicinity X 
 
914 HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY -^^-'i -v 
 
 of his present farm. In common with other country lads while mastering the 
 common branches of English learning in the district schools of the vicinity, he 
 was laying the foundation of a future agricultural career by assisting with the 
 plowing, sowing and harvesting of the crops and the care of the stock. By the 
 time he had attained his maturity he was a skilled, practical farmer, well qualified 
 to successfully operate a place of his own. When he reached the age of twenty 
 years he left the paternal home and began working for himself. The west had 
 attracted him from earliest boyhood so leaving the scenes with which he had 
 long been familiar, he began his independent career amid an entirely different 
 environment in one of the more recently settled sections of the country. He re- 
 mained in the west for three years, returning to Knox county in i88i, and has 
 ever since been residing in Victoria township with the exception of two years 
 spent in Truro township. In 1894 he and his brother Thomas bought the place 
 they are now operating. Here they engage in general farming and stock-raising, 
 undertakings proving remunerative under their intelligent direction. Their un- 
 divided attention is given to the cultivation of their fields, which are devoted to 
 the raising of such crops as are best adapted to the soil. They are practical 
 agriculturists of progressive ideas and are meeting with more than average suc- 
 cess, through the intelligent and capable direction of their activities. Both are 
 industrious and enterprising in their methods, and in the cultivation of their fields 
 follow the more progressive ideas of the modern agriculturists. [ ? - ; 
 
 In his political views Mr. Armstrong is a republican. He is a public-spirited 
 man and takes a vital interest in all local affairs, particularly those pertaining 
 to the government of the community. Recognized as a man of ability he has at 
 various times been called to discharge the duties of the township offices, and has 
 served with efficiency both as a road commissioner and school director. He is 
 well known in Victoria township, having been actively identified with the agri- 
 cultural interests there for the past seventeen years, and is accorded the respect 
 and esteem of all with whom he has had transactions, being a man of upright 
 principles and sound integrity. . -.>;-; .'..-' 
 
 .-r-.:;;--;;; - ,. j. L. HUBER. /":-: .'-:-:r^::. \:'\,'.- 
 
 ]. L. Huber. who is residing six miles north of Williamsfield, where he en- 
 gages in general farming and stock-raising, was born in this county July 8, 1872, 
 being a son of Jacob and Catherine (Armstrong) Huber. The father is a native 
 of Berks county, Pennsylvania, but when a child of four years he accompanied 
 his parents on their removal to Illinois. His boyhood and youth were spent in 
 Peoria county, this state, but upon attaining his maturity he came to Knox county, 
 and here he has ever since resided. He is one of the well known and prosperous 
 agriculturists of the county, owning two hundred and twenty-eight acres of 
 land two and a half miles from Williamsfield, that he is still operating. 
 
 After he had mastered the common branches J. L. Huber terminated his 
 student days, and thereafter gave his entire attention to agricultural pursuits. 
 He remained on his father's farm until he was qualified to begin working for 
 himself, when he located on a place west of the homestead. From there he re- 
 
. ' ;:;^ HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY , ;V;V^ 915 
 
 moved to the vicinity in which he is now living, settling, in 1904, on the place 
 he is operating at the present time. This farm contains one hundred and twenty 
 acres of land which he leases. He is a practical man, enterprising and industrious 
 in his methods and is meeting with substantial returns through the intelligent 
 direction of his energies. His fields are cultivated in accordance with the modern 
 methods followed by the most progressive and successful agriculturists, and the 
 harvests they annually yield fully compensate him for his painstaking efforts and 
 capable supervision. 
 
 For his wife Mr. Huber chose Miss Hattie Young, a daughter of Robert 
 Young, and they have become the parents of six children, as follows: Floyd, 
 Stella, Loren, Lavon, Marie and Earl. His political prerogatives Mr. Huber has 
 exercised in support of the men and measures of the republican party, ever since 
 age conferred upon him the right of suffrage. He has never aspired to public 
 honors or the emoluments of office, however, and does not seek political renown, 
 preferring to concentrate his entire attention upon the development of his per- 
 sonal interests. 
 
 V-^V'.. : ;. :; / ';. :-; - "AMBROSE KING. ' - ''y:y;;;,,' : .;/ ' -.V,. r/'- "-;"7 :^.v 
 
 Though more than a third of a century has passed since Ambrose King was 
 called from this life, he is still remembered by many of the older residents of 
 Knox county as an early settler and enterprising agriculturist whose labors 
 were an important element in the work of upbuilding and development here. 
 He was bom in the state of New York, his natal day being February 22, 1798. 
 The year 1853 witnessed his arrival in Knox county, Illinois, and during prac- :^ / 
 tically the remainder of his life he made his home in the vicinity of the Union 
 schoolhouse in Victoria township. Throughout his active business career he 
 devoted his time and energies to general agricultural pursuits, winning a gratify- 
 ing measure of success in his undertakings. His demise, which occurred on 
 the ipth of January, 1876, when he was about seventy-eight years of age, was 
 the occasion of deep and widespread regret, for he had gained an extensive 
 circle of warm fri^ds during the long period of his residence here. 
 
 Ambrose King was twice married. By his first wife, who bore the maiden 
 name of Sarah Root, he had five children. Nelson H. King, the eldest, was 
 born near Akron, Ohio, on the 26th of January, 1828, and passed away near 
 Sacramento, California, in 1873. In 1853 he wedded Miss Elizabeth Pool, by 
 whom he had a son and daughter, the former being now a resident of Texas 
 and the latter of Ouray, Colorado. Mahala, the second child of our subject, 
 died at the age of two years. Hiram Riley King, whose natal day was January 
 21, 1832, was called to his final rest in 1910. Unto him and his wife, who bore 
 the maiden name of Lydia Ann Collinson, were born six children, as follows: 
 Stephen A., who is married to Isabel Crose and resides with his family near 
 Galva, Illinois ; Susan L., deceased, who was the wife of Frank Riner and had 
 one son ; Harriet M., at home ; Simeon H., deceased ; Roy N., who has charge 
 of the home farm near Galva, Illinois; and Eunice J., who has also passed 
 away. Homer A. King, the fourth child of Ambrose King, was bom near 
 
916 HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY 
 
 Akron, Ohio, on the 7th of December, 1833. He acquired his early education 
 at Upper Sandusky, Ohio, and later continued his studies in the academy at 
 Galesburg, Illinois, and also in Knox College, while subsequently he went to 
 Oberlin, Ohio, and prepared for the ministry under President Charles' G. Phin- 
 ney. It was in this state that he was ordained by the Illinois Advent Christian 
 Conference. He then held from one to twenty series of Evangelistic meetings 
 in every New England state and most of the northern states to the Mississippi 
 river, forcefully illustrating his texts by the use of over one thousand square 
 feet of historical, biblical and prophetical paintings. In association with Nelson 
 and Albert J. King he published and sold twenty-six editions of The Beekeeper's 
 Text Book. As each edition comprised two thousand copies, the total number 
 of copies sold was fifty-two thousand. Two editions were printed in German. 
 Rev. King was also connected with four monthly periodicals in New York city. 
 In Boston, Massachusetts, he published his second book. The Bride of His 
 Palace. At the same time he labored effectively and earnestly as a minister of the 
 gospel, serving as pastor of the Advent Christian and Baptist churches in 
 Springfield, Massachusetts, Mystic, Connecticut, Union Hill, New Jersey, Phila- 
 delphia, Pennsylvania, and Colton, California. His home is now at the last 
 named place. As a companion and helpmate on the journey of life he chose 
 Miss Mary Lee, whom he wedded in 1882. Albert J. King, the fifth child of 
 Ambrose King, was born on the I4th of March, 1836, and died at San Diego, 
 California, in 1910. He married Miss Martha Southerland and became the 
 father of two daughters and a son. 
 
 Ambrose King lost his first wife on the 2d of December, 1839, and on the 
 1st of September, 1840, was again married, his second union being with Miss 
 Harriet Porter, of Bath, Ohio. Unto them were born three children, namely : 
 Mrs. Sarah E. Patty, of Riverside, California ; Ambrose L., who resides in 
 Victoria township, Knox county, and has reared quite a family; and Corwin S., 
 who recently passed away in this county, leaving a widow and children. 
 
 . , JAMES w. HUNTER. /:--'..-; ;,.' r ::.;;'- 
 
 James W. Hunter, one of the leading and best known citizens of Abingdon, 
 was born in Clinton county, Ohio, on the 23d of August, 1851, his parents being 
 Charles N. and Mary C. (Bond) Hunter, who spent their entire lives in that 
 county. The father, a farmer and stock dealer, was one of the well known 
 stockmen of that section of the state. He was also prominently identified with 
 merchandising in his later years, conducting establishments of that character in 
 Blanchester, Martinsville and Cuba at different times. His demise occurred at 
 Martinsville in 1876, when he had attained the age of forty-six years. 
 
 James W. Hunter was reared under the parental roof, acquiring his educa- 
 tion in the Martinsville public school and the Lebanon normal school. When 
 about twenty years of age he began teaching and followed that profession in 
 Ohio, Indiana and Illinois for a period of ten years. While teaching at Frank- 
 fort, Indiana, he took up the study of law and was admitted to the bar. Sub- 
 sequently he removed to Olney, Illinois, and continued reading law imder the 
 
;/ -. v;v ;:;:'f- >.; \ ;;v.' HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY ;^ ^V:/;:' 917 
 
 .. direction of ex-State Treasurer Wilson. In the spring of 1874 he came to Knox 
 ' .: county, securing a school near Hermon, where he taught for two years. On the 
 
 ': l6th of November, 1876, he was united in marriage to Miss Sarah A. Smith, of 
 ^-, Hermon, this county, her birth having occurred in the house in which the cere- 
 
 :'. mony took place. Mr. Hunter now* owns the residence and also the old home- 
 :. ' stead farm of three hundred and sixty acres, the boundaries of which he has 
 
 > extended by additional purchase until at the present time it embraces four hun- 
 '." dred and forty acres. After his marriage he took charge of his father-in-law's 
 farm and by making purchases from time to time, as his financial resources per- 
 ' mitted, he eventually acquired possession of the entire property. Thereon he 
 :" resided until 1894, with the exception of the years 1889 and 1890, which he spent 
 ' as a merchant in Hermon. 
 
 '..-' In 1886 he was elected to the board of supervisors of Knox county and the 
 
 _ : following year was reelected. During this term of office he presided over the 
 
 * first meeting held in the courthouse on the event of the dedication of the build- 
 
 , : wg. While serving as county supervisor he was elected to the state legislature 
 
 , ' and resigned the office to assume his duties as a member of the thirty-sixth gen- 
 
 '' eral assembly. By reelection he also became a member of the thirty-seventh 
 
 ', general assembly and during his second term was prominently mentioned as a 
 
 / candidate for the speakership. He was placed on all of the most important 
 
 committees, including the World's Fair committee, the appropriations committee 
 
 and the steering committee. While a member of the thirty-seventh general 
 
 j assembly he was one of the one hundred and one democrats who supported 
 -' General Palmer in that noted deadlock. After having ably represented his 
 
 ':. district for two terms Mr. Hunter returned to his home farm and again took 
 
 up general agricultural pursuits. In the summer of 1892 he was the democratic 
 
 '.;. nominee for congress from the tenth district, making the race against General 
 
 ., Philip Sidney Post. Though not expecting to be elected, he reduced General 
 
 ;: Post's majority by several thousand votes. Subsequently he made application 
 to Grover Cleveland for the position of revenue collector of the fifth district of 
 ; .' Illinois. The contestants, who were numerous, included many able men and 
 . ; the fight was a most heroic one; but Mr. Hunter received the appointment and 
 served during a full term of four years three years under Cleveland and one 
 . year under McKinley. During this period he made his home in Peoria. 
 . . -f: In the spring of 1898, on the expiration of his term of service, Mr. Hunter 
 ;,; came to Abingdon, which town has since remained his place of residence. He 
 ; assisted in the organization of the First State & Savings Bank and has since 
 ;',:. acted as vice president and also as a director of the institution. He has assisted 
 .;, in the organization of a number of other enterprises, prominent among which 
 
 ' ' are the American Sanitary Company, of which he is a member of the board of 
 ?r directors; the Abingdon Seat & Tank Company and the Ideal Fence Tool Com- 
 ''.' pany, of both of which he is president; and the Hermon Farmers Grain Com- 
 .-; pany, of which concern he is also the chief executive officer. 
 
 . ' Mr. Hunter lost his first wife in 1898 and the following year wedded Mrs. 
 
 Rosa A. Williams of Rome City, Indiana, whose demise occurred in 1907. In 
 
 : 1908 he married Miss Georgia Burner, of Abingdon. Our subject has but one 
 
 ': living child, Charles .M., who was the offspring of his first marriage. This 
 
 . .; young man is now a senior in the State University at Champaign, Illinois. 
 
918 ; ;; HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY 
 
 Fraternally Mr. Hunter is identified with the following organizations: Abing- 
 don Lodge, No. 185, A. F. & A. M.; Abingdon Lodge, No. 184, L O. O. F. ; and 
 Achilles Lodge, K. P. Both he and his wife are devoted and consistent mem- 
 bers of the Christian church. At this point it would be almost tautological to 
 enter into any series of statements as showing Mr. Hunter to be a man of broad 
 intelligence and genuine public spirit, for these have been shadowed forth be- 
 tween the lines of this review. Strong in his individuality, he never lacks the 
 courage of his convictions but there are as dominating elements in this individu- 
 ality a lively human sympathy and an abiding charity, which, as taken in con- 
 nection with the sterling integrity and honor of his character, have naturally 
 gained for him the respect and confidence of men. 
 
 " ' ,.'. .'HUGH KING. : - 
 
 Hugh King, who is engaged in general farming and stock-raising on one hun- 
 dred and sixty acres of land in Victoria township, eighty of which, located on 
 section 25, he owns, was born in Victoria township, Knox county, on the 2Oth of 
 December, 1873. His parents were Corwin and Mary King, who removed from 
 Victoria township to Kansas during the childhood of our subject, and there re- 
 sided until 1886, when they returned to Knox county and engaged in farming. 
 
 The education of Hugh King was obtained in the common schools of Kansas 
 where he resided with his parents from early childhood until he was a youth of 
 thirteen years. After acquiring such knowledge as was deemed essential to en- 
 able him to pursue an agricultural career, he laid aside his studies and g^ve his 
 entire attention to the work of the fields and care of the stock on the home place. 
 Soon after his marriage he located on his present farm, which was known as the 
 Andrew Anderson farm. Mr. King is industrious and practical in his ideas and 
 gives his personal supervision to all the work about his place. He has brought his 
 fields into a high state of productivity and in connection with his general farming 
 he raises horses and hogs, and is meeting with lucrative returns from both. 
 
 Mr. King has been twice married, his first union being with Miss Mary Ander- 
 son, now deceased, a daughter of Andrew Anderson. The lady who now bears 
 the name of Mrs. Hugh King was formerly Miss Emily Sandquist. She was 
 born and reared in Knox county, a daughter of Andrew and Augusta (Burg) 
 Sandquist. The father was born in Sweden on the 2Oth of May, 1841, and there 
 he was reared and educated. When he attained the age of twenty-five years he 
 determined to come to the United States, believing that he would find better 
 opportunities for advancement here than in his native land. Upon his arrival in 
 this country he came directly to Illinois, locating in Henry county, where he was 
 foreman in a coal mine for four years. There he was married in 1870 to Miss 
 Burg, also a native of Sweden, whence she immigrated when a child of ten years 
 to America with her parents, Andrew and Mary Charlotte Burg. They settled on 
 a farm in Henry county and there they both passed away and were buried in 
 Dayton cemetery. Soon after their marriage Mr. and Mrs. Sandquist settled on 
 twenty acres of land south of their present place. The father industriously ap- 
 plied himself to the cultivation of this property, extending his holdings from time 
 
MR. AND MRS. HUGH KING 
 
918 HISTORY OF KXOX COUNTY 
 
 Fraternally Mr. Hunter is identified with the following organizations : Abing- 
 don Lodge, Xo. 185, A. F. & A. M.; Abingdon Lodge, Xo. 184, L O. O. F. ; and 
 Achilles Lodge, K. P. Both he and his wife are devoted and consistent mem- 
 bers of the Christian church. At this point it would be almost tautological to 
 enter into any series of statements as showing Mr. Hunter to be a man of broad 
 intelligence and genuine public spirit, for these have been shadowed forth be- 
 tween the lines of this review. Strong in his individuality, he never lacks the 
 courage of his convictions but there are as dominating elements in this individu- 
 ality a lively human syinjjathy and an abiding charity, which, as taken in con- 
 nection with the sterling integrity and honor of his character, have naturally 
 gained for him the respect and contitlence of men. 
 
 . HUGH KIXG. - : 
 
 Hugh King, who is engaged in general farming and stock-raising on one hun- 
 dred and sixty acres of land in \'ictoria township, eighty of which, located on 
 section 25, he owns, was born in \ ictoria township. Knox county, on the 2Oth of 
 December, 1873. His parents were Corwin and Mary King, who removed from 
 Victoria township to Kansas (hiring the childhood of our subject, and there re- 
 sided until 1886, when they returned to Knox county and engaged in farming. 
 
 The education of Hugh King was obtained in the common schools of Kansas 
 where he resided with his parents from early childhood until he was a youth of 
 thirteen years. After acquiring such knowledge as was deemed essential to en- 
 able him to pursue an agricultural career, he laid aside his studies and gave his 
 entire attention to the work of the fields and care of the stock on the home place. 
 Soon after his marriage he located on his present farm, which was known as the 
 Andrew Anderson farm. Mr. King is industrious and practical in his ideas and 
 gives his personal sui)ervision to all the work about his place. He has brought his 
 fields into a high state of productivity and in connection with his general farming 
 he raises horses and hogs, and is meeting witli lucrative returns from both. 
 
 Mr. King has been twice married, his first union being with Miss Mary Ander- 
 son, now deceased, a daughter of Andrew Anderson. The lady who now bears 
 the name of Mrs. Hugh King was formerly Miss Emily Sandquist. She was 
 born and reared in Knox county, a daughter of Andrew and Augusta (Burg) 
 Sandquist. The father was born in Sweden on the 2Oth of May, 1841, and there 
 he was reared and educated. When he attained the age of twenty-five years he 
 determined to come to the United States, believing that he would find better 
 opportunities for advancement here than in his native land. L'pon his arrival in 
 this country he came directly to Illinois, locating in Henry county, where he was 
 foreman in a coal mine for four years. There he was married in 1870 to Miss 
 Burg, also a native of Sweden, whence she immigrated when a child of ten years 
 to America with her parents, Andrew and Mary Charlotte Burg. They settled on 
 a farm in Henry county and there they both passed away and were buried in 
 Dayton cemetery. Soon after their marriage Mr. and Mrs. Sandquist settled on 
 twenty acres of land south of their present place. The father industriously ap- 
 plied himself to the cultivation of this property, extending his holdings from time 
 
MU. AND MKS. Ill (;|| 
 
V.: ,> ; HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY / ' v 
 
 to time as he was able until he had eighty acres, that is now owned by Oscar 
 Anderson. Later he bought eighty acres of land on section 21, Victoria town- 
 ship, where he is now living, but owing to his advanced age, he found the cultiva- 
 tion of this tract to be too arduous, so sold forty acres to Lewis Ostrum. He still 
 owns the remainder and there he and his wife now make their home. The family 
 of Mr. and Mrs. Sandquist is' as follows: William, who is a stockdealer in Vic- 
 toria; Esther, the wife of Eldon Hammond of Victoria township; Emily, who 
 married Hugh King of Victoria township ; Hazel, who is keeping house for her 
 brother at Victoria ; Frances, who is clerk for a coal company at Galesburg ; and 
 Edna, who is still in school. In connection with general farming, Mr. Sandquist 
 engages in stock-raising feeding all of the grain he raises. He is a republican in 
 his political views and served for nine years as school director and road com- 
 missioner for three. Mr. and Mrs. King have two children : Francis Willard 
 and Hiram Andrew. 
 
 Both Mr. and Mrs. King are members of the Swedish Methodist Episcopal 
 church, in the work of which they take an active interest, Mr. King having been 
 treasurer of the Sunday school for the past year. Fraternally he is affiliated with 
 the Modern Woodmen of America and in politics he is a republican. He was a 
 school director for three years and now he is a member of the board of trustees. 
 In addition to his property interests, Mr. King is a stockholder in the Mutual 
 Telephone Company, of which he has been president for two years, and is con- 
 nected with other local enterprises. He is energetic and progressive and is con- 
 stantly increasing the value of his homestead by the addition of various modem 
 conveniences and improvements, and now has one of the best equipped farms in 
 the community, where he has erected a very comfortable and attractive country 
 residence. 
 
 ' - ' ' J ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' - ' '-- T^T^ T^T^ /"^ ^"^/"^T T^ '- ' ''-T ' - ' '*'-.'''. .'-''.'-'- 
 
 f/o .'.'-,-: : \;-- : ..,;;_ FRED G. COLE. . ^\x-vV .> . \ ^.' :.:.:: 
 
 .. Fred G. Cole, who is farming on an eighty-acre tract, located two and a 
 
 half miles south of Williamsfield, was born in Peoria county, Illinois, on the 
 
 8th of August, 1863, and is a son of William F. and Mary Ann (Cutter) Cole. 
 
 ;.;.His father was bom in Pittsburg, Pennsylvania, on the iSth of July, iSiS, 
 
 :- while his parents were emigrants to the United States from Yorkshire, England. 
 
 V ; He was reared on a farm in the vicinity of Pittsburg, Pennsylvania, and in his 
 
 '.early manhood came to Illinois, settling in Peoria county in 1844. There he 
 
 'I: was married on the i6th of April, 1846, to Miss Cutter, who was bom near 
 
 ':< Ashland, Richland county, Ohio, on July 29, 1829. She accompanied her par- 
 
 -; ents on their removal to Peoria county in 1833, and there she passed the re- 
 
 - mainder of her life. Mr. and Mrs. Cole began their domestic life in Brimfield 
 
 township, Peoria county, but in 1854 they removed to Millbrook township, where 
 
 ;; ' he acquired one hundred and twenty acres of land that he cultivated until his 
 
 death on the 23d of December, 1883. The mother passed away on the I5th of 
 
 March, 1894. The family of Mr. and Mrs. Cole numbered thirteen: John, a 
 
 veteran of the Civil war. who is engaged in the practice of medicine at Wil- 
 
 liamsfield; one, who died in infancy; William H., who is farming in the vicinity 
 
 ." Vol. n 42 .;..-.; -'_:..,::,: .:.^ 
 
922 HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY ': ;-- ^'| ^v 
 
 ' :^ ^ '.-^^^Vlr-r--: 
 
 of Joplin, Missouri ; Isaac Frank, who is a resident of this county ; Charles, 
 who lives near lola, Allen county, Kansas ; Sarah, who married G. L. Doubet ; 
 Lucy, the wife of George Nelson, of Elmwood; Minnie, who died at the age 
 of thirteen years ; Lemuel, who is farming in Canada ; Marge, who passed away 
 on the nth of May, 1903, the wife of Samuel M. Parker; Fred G., our subject; 
 Job, who is a resident of Williamsfield ; and Newton J., a rural mail carrier, 
 who is living a half mile south of Williamsfield. 
 
 Reared on the farm where he was born, Fred G. Cole obtained his educa- 
 tion in the schools of French Grove, Peoria county, and while mastering the 
 common branches he also assisted with the work of the farm. After leaving 
 school he gave his undivided attention to farming, first on the old homestead 
 and later elsewhere in Peoria county until 1885. In the latter year he went to 
 Kansas, where he remained for five years, engaging in agricultural pursuits, 
 but in 1890 he returned to Knox county and settled on his father-in-law's 
 farm, which he operated for two years. At the expiration of that time he 
 removed to his mother's place, the old homestead, where he had been reared, 
 and cultivated it for a similar period. In 1895, he bought from Harry Nelson 
 the property where he now resides, and has ever since made this his home. 
 His energies are devoted to general farming and stock-raising in both of which 
 he is meeting with good returns. 
 
 In 1885, Mr. Cole was united in marriage to Miss Etta M. Tucker, a daugh- 
 ter of L. V. Tucker, and they became the parents of one daughter, Mabel, who 
 was born in 1890 and died on the I5th of November, 1904. In matters politic 
 Mr. Cole is a republican, but he does not participate in local affairs in pursuit 
 of public office. His time and energies are engaged to good advantage as is 
 manifested by the attractive appearance of his farm and the well tilled fields 
 that annually yield good harvests. - : ...;.-, 
 
 ; .^;-J// PHILIP H. GIBBS. :';.-. '-^ 
 
 Among the native residents of Victoria township who still remain within 
 its borders is Philip H. Gibbs, the owner of one hundred and sixty acres of 
 excellent land on section 27. He was born in Victoria, April 3, 1852, the son 
 of Martin and Mary Ann (Moak) Gibbs, the father a native of New Jersey 
 and the mother of the state of New York. The grandfather, Martin Gibbs. 
 who was born in England and married there to a Miss Beck, came to the United 
 States, settling in New Jersey, where he owned an entire section of land which 
 he later sold at twenty-five cents per acre and came to Knox county, Illinois, 
 locating in Lynn township, where he purchased one hundred and sixty acres 
 of land for which he paid about a dollar or a dollar and a quarter per acre. It 
 is the old homestead in Lynn township and is now occupied by Richard Gibbs. 
 In the family of Martin Gibbs, Sr., were five children: Joseph, Martin and 
 Jonathan, all of whom were born in New Jersey; and two daughters who were 
 born in Lynn township, Knox county. The father, Martin Gibbs, received his 
 education in an old log schoolhouse of Lynn township and after his school 
 days remained at home, working on the farm until his marriage to Miss Mary 
 
i; : ;;' ;^ ^^:; HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY .,4'' 923 
 
 Ann Moak, who was a native of New York state. Subsequently Mr. and Mrs. 
 Gibbs removed to Victoria township, where they settled on the farm now owned 
 by Owen Conway and where they resided the rest of their lives except for two 
 years that were spent in Kansas. He was a farmer and stock-raiser and a very 
 successful business man. Mr. Gibbs was a republican in politics and held many 
 of the township offices. He died at the age of fifty-seven years and his wife 
 passed away at the age of fifty-six, and they are both buried in Victoria town- 
 ship. In their family were seven sons : Amos, who now resides in Victoria ; 
 Philip H., of this review ; Jonathan and Joseph, both of Victoria township ; 
 Christopher, of Oklahoma City, Oklahoma ; George, of Victoria township ; and 
 Nicholas, of Tolono, Illinois. 
 
 Philip H. Gibbs received his education in Victoria township and after his' 
 school days began farming there but later removed to Lynn township, where 
 he resided for two years. Subsequently he returned to Victoria township and 
 purchased of James Patty the farm on which he now resides. He engages in 
 general farming and makes a specialty of raising a high grade of blooded cattle, 
 hogs and horses. He is a very successful business man, is a stockholder in 
 the Farmers Elevator of Victoria and owns an interest in the Victoria Creamery. 
 
 Mr. Gibbs wedded .Miss Ida Wade, a native of Lynn township and a 
 daughter of William and Mary Wade, of Virginia, who later repaired to Knox 
 county, Illinois. Mr. and Mrs. Gibbs have become the parents of seven chil- 
 dren : Hattie, the deceased wife of Jesse Mcllravey ; Dollie, who is the wife 
 of Roy Sopher, of Victoria ; Lottie, who is now Mrs. August Anderson, of 
 Farwell, Texas; Mary, who is the wife of John Scott, of Victoria township; 
 Clifford, who married Mabel Norburg and resides in Victoria township ; Lan- 
 sing, who is at home; and Fern, the wife of Charles Sopher, of Victoria. 
 .: Mr. Gibbs is a republican in politics and is very much interested in local 
 party issues, having served for eight years as constable of Victoria township. 
 He has given much time to the cause of .education and has been school director 
 for twelve years. He is a man of high business principles and his devotion to 
 the public welfare has made him a valued citizen and given him a creditable 
 place in the regard of his fellowmen. . ..-, .... . . .- : --r 
 
 ?:':: :'':'";':'.' ' J '''''>;.-' A. p. CARLSON. ' --^-:^'-,. _' \^:-A-^-r.-'-:. 
 
 '^ A. P. Carlson, who is now living retired in Williamsfield, was for thirty- 
 V three years prominently identified with the agricultural interests of Victoria 
 township. He is a native of Sweden, his birth having occurred June 20, 1829, 
 and a son of Jonas Anderson, who passed his entire life in Sweden. 
 
 Agricultural pursuits have always engaged the attention of A. P. Carlson, 
 
 > who spent the first twenty-seven years of his life in the land of his birth. He 
 
 ; received a common-school education and then turned his attention to farming, 
 
 following this vocation in Sweden until he had attained the age of twenty-seven 
 
 .. years. In 1856, he emigrated to the United States, locating in Knox county 
 
 : on the farm his son is now operating in Victoria township. He devoted his 
 
 entire time and attention to the further improvement and cultivation of this 
 
' ;. HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY ' : 
 
 place for thirty-three years. His unceasing effort and the intelligent direction 
 of his activities brought him the usual reward, and he ultimately became known 
 as one of the capable and prosperous agriculturists of the community. He 
 was a man of practical ideas, and the plowing, sowing and harvesting of his 
 fields was conducted under his personal supervision. In 1889 he withdrew from 
 active life and went to Galva, where he resided for twenty years, coming from 
 there to Williamsfield in 1909, and here he has ever since made his home. He 
 has disposed of all of his farming interests now, and is living retired, having 
 attained the venerable age of eighty-two years. : ': . ' 'M ^:. :': 
 
 For his wife Mr. Carlson chose Miss Malinda Larson, who was born in 
 Norway, whence she emigrated to the United States at the age of ten years, 
 coming directly to Knox county. Four children were born to Mr. and Mrs. 
 Carlson, as follows: W. C., who is living on the old homestead in Victoria 
 township ; Annie, who is deceased ; Emma, who married George Brown of 
 Washington, D. C. ; and Gordon S.. who is a resident of Ohio. 
 
 In matters of faith Mr. and Mrs. Carlson are Methodists, and his political 
 views accord with those of the republican party, for whose candidates he has 
 cast his ballot ever since granted the right of franchise through naturalization. 
 Through the long period of his residence in this country, Mr. Carlson has met 
 with the misfortunes and disappointments that fall to the lot of the average 
 person, but on the whole his efforts have been well rewarded and he has never 
 had occasion to regret the transference of his allegiance, as he has a compe- 
 tence that enables him to spend the latter years of his life in the ease and com- 
 fort that are the just heritage of age. 
 
 ;: -.-5^>^^'-.- ' J. H. NELSON. - ^:':^;'--:". :/;::- 
 
 J. H. Nelson, who is now serving his third term as road commissioner of 
 Victoria township, was born in northern Sweden, April 12, 1865, the son of 
 Hanson and Christiana Nelson. The father died in his home country but the 
 
 , mother came with her family to America and settled in Illinois, southwest of 
 Victoria, in Copley township, where she reared and educated her children. In 
 her family were four children: J. H., of this review; C. F., who was born 
 March 14, 1867; Matilda, who was born March ii, 1869, and is now .Mrs. Wiley; 
 and Sophia, who was born January 25, 1873, and is now Mrs. Flynn, of Grand 
 Junction, Colorado. 
 
 '-^ J. H. Nelson received his early education in Sweden and came with his 
 mother to America, where, being the eldest child, he helped to support the rest 
 of the family. He resided in Copley township until 1884, when he went west, 
 seeing the country and farming in different sections. He was convinced, how- 
 ever, that Illinois offered him better inducements as a home, so he returned, 
 residing one year in Copley township and then, in 1898, settling on the farm 
 where he now resides. It consists of two hundred and eighty-five acres and is 
 owned by C. S. Clark. Mr. Nelson is engaged in general farming and makes 
 a specialty of raising hogs, cattle and horses. 
 
:-;;;:' HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY -p V 925 
 
 '.' ^ -;'x '-.''-' ' ' - ; 
 
 In 1903 Mr. Nelson was united in marriage to Miss Matilda Johnson, a 
 native of Knox county, Illinois, and a daughter of Lewis Johnson. Mr. and 
 Mrs.' Nelson have become the parents of two children, Roland J. and Earl W. 
 Mr. Nelson has been a lifelong republican and his convictions are strong in the 
 principles of this party. He served for two consecutive terms as road com- 
 missioner of Victoria township, during which time he was also treasurer of 
 the board of road supervisors. For three years he was out of office and now 
 is serving a third term. Mr. Nelson is not only industrious and enterprising 
 but is also a man of high moral character and is highly esteemed both as a 
 farmer and business man throughout the township. ,.. . , . 
 
 . :;:^ : FRANCIS HURLBUT.;: ;;;;. r , ^0 ;;'.;:.: 
 
 ' Francis Hurlbut, who is living retired on his farm six miles northwest of 
 Williamsfield, was born in New Hampshire on June 22, 1837, and is a son of 
 Albia and Laura (Osgood) Hurlbut. The father, who was a physician, was 
 also a native of New Hampshire, his birth there occurring in 1796. He con- 
 tinued to make that state his home until 1840 when with his wife and family he 
 came to Illinois, locating on the farm where our subject now resides. Here he 
 passetl the remainder of his days, his death occurring at the age of sixty-four 
 years. Fight children were born unto Mr. and Mrs. Hurlbut, of whom the 
 four eldest, Hubbard, Fdmund, Nathaniel and Laura, and the youngest, Charles, 
 are all deceased. Those living are: Fred, who is the fifth in order of birth; 
 Susan; and Francis. . ., .;:,.; 
 
 Francis Hurlbut was only a child of three years when he accompanied his 
 parents on their removal from New Hampshire to Illinois and was reared on 
 the farm where he is now living, obtaining his education in the district schools 
 of the vicinity. In common with the majority of pioneer farmer lads he early 
 began to assist with the plowing, seeding and harvesting, as well as with the 
 care of the stock, being thoroughly trained in the practical methods of agri- 
 culture under the capable supervision of his father. His duties were increased 
 with the passing years in accordance with the development of his strength and 
 sense of responsibility and by the time he had attained his maturity he was a 
 skilled agriculturist. On August i, 1862, he put beyond him all other con- 
 siderations to follow his country's call for men in the great strife between the 
 north and south and enlisted as private in Company K, Eighty-third Regiment, 
 Illinois Volunteers. The rendezvous was at Monmouth, Illinois, hence they 
 were ordered south, landing first at Fort Henry, then at Fort Donelson, where 
 he took part in the second battle at that place. May 6, 1863, he was discharged 
 and ordered home on account of disability, his lungs being affected by the try- 
 ing climate. He returned to the old homestead, where he has resided seventy- 
 one years with the exception of the term of enlistment. It is the only home he 
 has ever known and is endeared to him by the associations from his childhood 
 to the present. The entire period of his active life was devoted to the further 
 improvement of this place, in the cultivation of which his two sons are now 
 engaged. The fields have been brought under high cultivation, the improve- 
 
926 HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY r- .- > . 
 
 ments are all up-to-date and substantial and it is numbered among the attractive 
 and valuable properties of the community. 
 
 For his wife and helpmate on the journey of life, Mr. Hurlbut chose Miss 
 Martha Wallack, who passed away April lo, 1911, aged sixty-six, being born 
 in Pennsylvania, September 13, 1844. 
 
 Seven children were born unto Mr. and Mrs. Hurlbut, four of whom are 
 deceased, namely : Frank, Nettie and Mary, who are the three eldest ; and John, 
 who is the fifth in order of birth. A daughter and two sons are living: Blanche 
 S., who married Lester Sherman ; Bert, unmarried ; and Fred, who wedded 
 Rilla Tucker. Both are engaged in the operation of their father's farm. 
 
 In politics Mr. Hurlbut has always been a stanch republican, and during his 
 early years served as road commissioner in this township. He was also elected 
 constable, but refused to qualify for the office. He is one of those who have 
 lived through the great formative period of the state's development, witnessing 
 the primitive conditions of pioneer life give way to those of a newer civiliza- 
 tion, as the railroad has superseded the stage coach and the telephone and 
 telegraph the mounted messenger. . -.. : ,.,... 
 
 : r ;:'^^ . JAMES M. MCMASTER. ;>/:> 
 
 James M. McMaster, who since March, 1906, has resided on his farm of 
 one hundred and sixty acres, on section 14 of Victoria township, was born in 
 Walnut Grove township, Knox county, August 8, 1867, the son of David S. 
 and Susan E. (Multer) McMaster. The father now resides on his farm in 
 Copley township, where the family has lived for several years. The mother, 
 who was a member of the Oneida Presbyterian church, died at the age of 
 sixty-five years and is buried in Oneida cemetery. In their family were six 
 sons and one daughter, of whom one son and the daughter are now deceased. 
 
 James M. McMaster received his early education in the common schools in 
 Copley township and later attended the Oneida high school, after which he 
 remained with his father, helping to operate the home place until he was 
 twenty-seven years of age. At that time he began farming on his own account, 
 spending one year in Copley township on a farm near Oneida, subsequent to 
 which he moved to Victoria, where he resided until he came to his present home. 
 He purchased what was known as the Vaughn farm, which contained all the 
 present buildings, in September, 1905, and moved on it in March of the follow- 
 ing year. He engages in general farming, selling yearly a great deal of grain, 
 and also raises quite a large number of hogs and horses. ,. ' ' -. :i -::' 
 
 On the 2d of July, 1894, .Mr. McMaster was united in marriage to Miss 
 Jennie Reynolds, who was born in Victoria, November i, 1868. and is the 
 daughter of Captain G. W. Reynolds. She received her education in the public 
 schools of Victoria and in Knox College at Galesburg. Mr. and Mrs. Mc- 
 Master have become the parents of two children: Eselwyn, who was born 
 October 15, 1896. and is attending high school in Galesburg, belonging to the 
 class of 1913; and Susan, born April 15, 1901, who is a student in the common 
 schools in Victoria township. In politics Mr. McMaster votes with the repub- 
 
/,:;:>;;:; HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY ' / 927 
 
 iican party, and fraternally he is identified with Oneida Lodge, No. 337, A. F. 
 & A. M. He gives his support to all measures which tend to advance the wel- 
 fare of the community and is especially interested in the cause of education, 
 having rendered excellent service in the capacity of school director in Victoria 
 
 township. . -^^ .:_-,. -., ..: . . . , ., :/::,:...>;.;--: .'' J v;- 
 
 ^ '. : : :' WILLIAM D. CRAIG. 5/ ^. -'^^; 
 
 William D. Craig, the owner of a fine farm of one hundred and sixty acres 
 on section 15, Victoria township, is one of the representative stockmen of the 
 state. A native of Knox county, his birth occurred on a farm in Copley town- 
 ship on the 28th of February, 1862, his parents being William and Isabelle 
 (Martin) Craig. They were born, reared and married in Scotland, whence 
 they emigrated during the early years of their domestic life to the United 
 States. William Craig engaged in coal mining in his native land and during 
 the first period of his residence in this country, but he subsequently turned his 
 attention to agricultural pursuits, in which he met with a gratifying degree of 
 success. He farmed in Copley township for a time, but later came to Victoria, 
 where he acquired extensive and valuable holdings. Thrifty and energetic, 
 he applied himself tirelessly to whatever he undertook, directing his activities 
 with clear judgment and intelligence. At the time of his death he owned the 
 farm now belonging to G. L. Hedstrom and three hundred and twenty acres of 
 land on section 15, where he was living. One-half of the latter is now the 
 property of his son William D. Mr. Craig passed away on his homestead at 
 the age of sixty-three years, but the mother was seventy-three at the time of 
 her death, which occurred at the home of her sister, Mrs. Margfaret Webster, 
 of Stark county, Illinois. Both parents are buried in the cemetery at Victoria. 
 They were members of the Methodist Episcopal church and the father was 
 affiliated with the Masonic lodge at Altona. He was a stanch republican in his 
 political views and was several times called to public office, having served as 
 supervisor and school director in his township. Twelve children were born to 
 Mr. and Mrs. Craig, nine of whom lived to attain maturity, as follows : Agnes ; 
 Belle; Margaret; Mary, who is deceased; James; William D., our subject; 
 Mattie; Joseph, who is deceased; and Jennie. 
 
 William D. Craig was reared on the farm where he now resides in Victoria 
 township, obtaining his education in the common schools. In common with 
 the majority of country lads he early began to assist with the work of the fields 
 and care of the stock, and after laying aside his text-books his entire attention 
 was given to agricultural pursuits. After the death of his father he purchased 
 the interest of the other heirs in one-half of the old homestead, and here he 
 has ever since resided. During the period of his ownership he has wrought 
 many improvements in the place, including the erection of all of the buildings 
 now standing. He has always taken great pride in his property and has con- 
 structed large, commodious barns, substantial outbuildings and a comfortable 
 farm house. As his circumstances have warranted, from time to time he has 
 installed various modern comforts and appliances and now owns one of the 
 
928 :; HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY ,| 
 
 best equipped and most highly improved farms in the community. His fields 
 are devoted to such cereals as are best adapted to the soil, and annually yield 
 him abundant harvests, the greater portion of which he sells. Of recent years, 
 however, Mr. Craig has practically given up the cultivation of his land, the 
 greater portion of which he is renting for one-half of the crops, and gives his 
 entire attention to the breeding and raising of stock. He raises horses and 
 cattle to some extent but makes a specialty of raising thoroughbred Chester 
 White hogs. They are a very pure breed and he has twice been awarded the 
 first prize on his exhibit at the state fair at Springfield, and has won both the 
 first and second prizes at the local county fair. This year, 1911, he raised ninety 
 of these hogs, all of which will command a high price for breeding purposes. 
 Mr. Craig has been very successful in both farming and stock-raising and in 
 addition to his fine country property is the owner of a nice residence in Victoria, 
 that commands the highest rental of any dwelling house in the town. 
 V In January, 1892, Mr. Craig was united in marriage to Miss Emma Larson, 
 who was born and reared in Victoria township, a daughter of Peter S. and 
 Katherine Larson. The father is now deceased, but the mother is still living 
 and continues to make her home in Victoria township. Three children have 
 been born to Mr. and Mrs. Craig, as follows : Jennie, Dewey and Eva. 
 
 Mr. Craig attends the Methodist Episcopal church, toward the support of 
 which he liberally contributes, and Mrs. Craig is a member of the Swedish 
 Methodist Episcopal church of Victoria. His fraternal relations are confined 
 to his membership in the Modem Woodmen of America, and in politics he is 
 a republican. He takes an active interest in all local affairs and at the present 
 time is discharging the duties of school director and trustee. Mr. Craig is one 
 of the progressive and enterprising agriculturists of Victoria township, where 
 he is held in high esteem both by reason, of his excellent business qualities and 
 his many fine personal attributes. ;..' , ':,:.; l.^^ .;V^^ vS:. "% 
 
 n?^J . JACOB E. MORGAN. : ^V; >?-';; 
 
 Jacob E. Morgan is a well known farmer of Lynn township, having spent his 
 entire life in this locality, his birth having occurred on the old Morgan home- 
 stead August 2, 1867. He traces his ancestry back to Edward Morgan, who 
 married Margaret Rittenhouse, and their son Morgan Morgan married Ann 
 Roberts, a daughter of John Roberts, who fought for American independence 
 in the Revolutionary war. Benjamin Morgan, a son of the latter couple and the 
 grandfather of our subject, married Tacy Stroud in iSoo. Among their chil- 
 dren was John Rittenhouse Morgan, the father of our subject, who was bom 
 in Montgomery county, Pennsylvania, April 5, 1809. He passed through the 
 experiences of pioneer life in Ohio and later in Indiana, from which state he 
 came to Illinois. He first married Rachel Bicknell and after her death wedded 
 her sister Susan Bicknell, who was born at Chestnut Hill, Pennsylvania, in 1826. 
 Her father, George Bicknell, who was a mechanic by trade, settled in Indiana 
 at an early day and in 1851 brought his family to Knox county, Illinois, enter- 
 ing land in Lynn township. After his wife's death he took up his abode in 
 
928 . HISTORY OF KXOX COUNTY -. 
 
 best equipped and most highly improved farms in the community. His fields 
 are devoted to such cereals as are best adapted to the soil, and annually yield 
 him abundant harvest?, the greater portion of which he sells. Of recent years, 
 however, Mr. Craig has practically given up the cultivation of his land, the 
 greater portion of which he is renting for one-half of the crops, and gives his 
 entire attention to the breeding and raising of stock. He raises horses and 
 cattle to some extent but makes a specialty of raising thoroughbred Chester 
 \Vhite hogs. They are a very pure breed and he has twice been awarfled the 
 first prize on his exhibit at the state fair at Springfield, and has won both the 
 first and second prizes at the local county fair. This year, 1911, he raised ninety 
 of these hogs, all of which will command a high price for breeding purposes. 
 Mr. Craig has been very successful in both farming and stock-raising and in 
 addition to his fine country property is the owner of a nice residence in Victoria, 
 that commands the highest rental of any dwelling house in the town. 
 
 In January, 1892, Mr. Craig was united in marriage to Miss Emma Larson, 
 who was born and reared in X'ictoria township, a daughter of Peter S. and 
 Katherine Larson. The father is now deceased, but the mother is still living 
 and continues to make her home in Victoria township. Three children have 
 been born to Mr. and Mrs. Craig, as follows: Jennie, Dewey and Eva. 
 
 Mr. Craig attends the Methodist Episcopal church, toward the support of 
 which he liberally contributes, and Mrs. Craig is a member of the Swedish 
 Methodist Episcopal church of Victoria. His fraternal relations are confined 
 to his membership in the Modern Woodmen of America, and in politics he is 
 a republican. He takes an active interest in all local affairs and at the present 
 time is discharging the duties of school director and trustee. Mr. Craig is one 
 of the progressive and enterprising agriculturists of \'ictoria township, where 
 he is held in high esteem both by reason of his excellent business qualities and 
 his many tine i)ersonal attributes. 
 
 JACOB E. MORGAN. 
 
 Jacob E. Morgan is a well known farmer of Lynn township, having spent his 
 entire life in this locality, his birth having occurred on the old Morgan home- 
 stead August 2, 1867. He traces his ancestry back to Edward Morgan, who 
 married Margaret Rittenhouse, and their son Morgan Morgan married Ann 
 Roberts, a daughter of John Roberts, who fought for American independence 
 in the Revolutionary war. Benjamin Morgan, a son of the latter couple and the 
 grandfather of our subject, married Tacy Stroud in 1800. Among their chil- 
 dren was John Rittenhouse Morgan, the father of our subject, who was born 
 in Montgomery county, Pennsylvania, April 5, 1809. He passed through the 
 experiences of pioneer life in Ohio and later in Indiana, from which state he 
 came to Illinois. He first married Rachel Bicknell and after her death wedded 
 her sister Susan Bicknell, who was born at Chestnut Hill, Pennsylvania, in 1826. 
 Her father, George Bicknell, who was a mechanic by trade, settled in Indiana 
 at an early day and in 1851 brought his family to Knox county, Illinois, enter- 
 ing land in Lynn township. After his wife's death he took up his abode in 
 
' '' '''^ : HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY r;: : 931 
 
 La Fayette, this state, where he passed away in 1866, at the age of sixty-four 
 ;;, years. His wife, who bore the maiden name of Susan Moore, died in 1851, at 
 : the age of fifty-seven years. In their family were six children: Rachel and 
 Sarah, both deceased ; Mary, who is living with a daughter at the age of eighty- 
 eight years ; George and Jacob, both deceased ; and Robert P., a resident of 
 Alliance, Nebraska. After losing his first wife Mr. Bicknell married Catherine 
 . Hagar, who was the widow of Peter Hagar. The Bicknell family, of which 
 . Mrs. John R. Morgan was a representative, was an old one of Pennsylvania, 
 ';: representatives of the name coming from England and settling in Philadelphia 
 prior to the Revolutionary war. Her grandfather, Charles Bicknell, ran a stage 
 
 from Philadelphia to Baltimore and on his way home contracted yellow fever, 
 ,' which caused his death when he was thirty-two years of age. His son, the father 
 '' of Mrs. Morgan, became a soldier of the war of 1812 at the age of seventeen 
 
 years. He was reared by his foster father, who had been drafted and he took 
 : his place in the army, serving until honorably discharged. For his services he 
 received a land patent, which he located in Walnut Grove township, Knox 
 county. His daughter Mrs. John R. Morgan had but little opportunity to secure 
 an education. She was twelve years of age when her parents removed from 
 Pennsylvania to Indiana and in 1847 she became the wife of John R. Morgan. 
 
 They became pioneer residents of Brunertown, Indiana, where the grandfather 
 . took up land and built a cabin, living there two years before he made the journey 
 , by team and wagon to Illinois, traveling by way of Peoria to Centerville. Sub- 
 . sequently they lived in Knox county, settling on what has since been known as 
 
 the Morgan homestead. They first lived in a deserted cabin until the present 
 
 residence was built in 1852. There they made their home until the father was 
 
 called to his final rest. The mother is now living with her daughter and is one 
 .; of the honored pioneer women of this part of the state. When she became a 
 
 resident of Knox county her neighbors were the Swedish colony at Bishop Hill 
 V. and there was also a family by the name of Fraker at Fraker's Grove. Joseph 
 
 Simeon and Jonathan Gibbs and the Collinson family likewise lived in the north- 
 ; ern part of the county. Peoria was the nearest market. Unto Mr. and Mrs. 
 :', John R. Morgan were born eight children, of whom six are now living. George 
 .' B., a resident of Fort Scott, Kansas, married Alice Robinson and has eight chil- 
 
 dren. Lydia Jane is the wife of George Spidle, of Schuyler, Nebraska, and 
 they have three children. Mary Ellen is the wife of Thomas C. Heaton, living 
 
 :'. on the old homestead, and they have four children. Charles E., of Columbus, 
 
 . Nebraska, married Lida Munsie and has six children. Morris J.. living at 
 
 Ainsworth, Nebraska, wedded Mary Wagner and has ten children. Jacob E. is 
 
 7 the youngest of the family. 
 
 . The last named pursued his education in the public schools to the age of 
 
 fourteen years and during the remaining seven years of his minority worked with 
 his father on the old home farm. He afterward engaged in cultivating the home 
 
 , place on his own account for four years and on the expiration of that period 
 
 came to his present farm in Lynn townshio. where he has since carried on general 
 
 agricultural pursuits and stock-raising. He has a well developed property, the 
 
 ' fields responding readily to the care and labor which he bestows uoon them, and 
 
 ^ in his barns and pastures are found good grades of stock. He is likewise in- 
 
932 HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY ::''::':> 
 
 terested in the Farmers Elevator of Galva and in the Cooperative Bank of that 
 place, and is an enterprising, progressive business man whose judgment is sound 
 and whose labors are resultant. . , - 
 
 Jacob E. Morgan was united in marriage to Miss Sarah J. Collinson, who 
 was born in Walnut Grove township, January i6, 1872, and is a daughter of 
 Thomas W. and Sarah F. (Brooks) Collinson. Mr. and Mrs. Morgan became 
 parents of two children: Eugene, born September i, 1890; and Ethel, born April 
 
 13,1892. : ;-.V ,.-:/:' : ' '^ ; ' v ' -r\: ;', | -..:: 
 
 The family are well known and have an extensive circle of friends in this 
 part of the county. The parents are members of the Baptist church of Galva 
 and Mr. Morgan belongs also to the Modern Woodmen Camp of that place. In 
 politics he is a republican, active in support of the party. He was elected a 
 member of the board of trustees of Lynn township and served for three terms, 
 and his connection with the school board covers altogether nine years. He stands 
 for progress and advancement at all times, whether in business or in public 
 affairs, and he has a wide and favorable acquaintance in this county where his 
 entire life has been passed. '. -. ' ^ 
 
 ': : .. I; CHARLES SPENCER, SR. . /, . ^ ; 
 
 On October 21, 1911, it was seventy-one years since Charles Spencer, Sr., 
 the oldest settler in Truro township, in point of years of continuous residence, 
 first located here. During the greater part of that period he was engaged in 
 agricultural pursuits, but he is now living retired in Williamsfield, enjoying the 
 ease and comfort that is the just heritage of his long years of industry and 
 thrift. He was born in Erie county, Pennsylvania, on the 4th of May, 1836, 
 and is a son of J. N. and Maria (Steaver) Spencer. The father was a native 
 of Maine, his birth having there occurred on the 22d of December, i8io, while 
 the mother was born in Pennsylvania on December i6, i8io. They were mar-' 
 ried in Pennsylvania and there they spent the early years of their domestic life, 
 but in 1840 they came to Illinois. On the 2ist of October of that year they 
 located in Truro township and in 1843 settled on one hundred and twenty acres 
 of land on section lo, that township, that the father secured from the govern- 
 ment, his deeds bearing the signature of James K. Polk. The first house erected 
 for the family was a log house and was one of the oldest residences in the . 
 township and probably in the county. This farm, which has been in possession 
 of the Spencer family for over seventy years, is now being operated by our 
 subject's son-in-law, Edward F. Mosher. It was here on the 28th of June, 
 1856, that the father passed away, but the mother survived until March 8, 1888, 
 
 Charles Spencer was a child of four years when he accompanied his people 
 on their removal to Knox county, and here he has ever since made his home. 
 When old enough to begin his education he was sent to the little log schoolhoiise , 
 in the vicinity of his home, and there he pursued the common branches. The ' 
 country was very sparsely settled at that period and the primitive conditions . 
 that exist in all frontier settlements prevailed here. The methods of instruc- 
 tion were as crude as the building, and the pupils acquired little more than a 
 
. ^' C HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY '; ' 933 H >- 
 
 _.''-''' .'.':'";--''. .,: .; - .''': '' ''':'-'.- 
 
 ' practical understanding of the "three R's." While attending school he assisted -.':'.. 
 
 \ his father with the farm work, thus qualifying himself to become self-dependent : 
 :^. at a very early age. When he was twenty his father passed away, and the 
 
 management of the farm very largely devolved upon him from that time. He ; '_:' 
 
 .:: diligently applied himself to the operation of the fields and the raising of stock, ,R / v 
 
 . and ultimately purchased the property, which he still owns. He continuously ,-^:V- ; 
 
 '.devoted himself to the further improvement and cultivation of his farm until ;^ ' : 
 
 ' 1907, when he withdrew from active work and retired to Williamsfield, where *; '; 
 
 he continues to reside. His land is well improved and under high cultivation ' , ' 
 and is numbered among the valuable properties of the township. The appear- ; . : ' 
 ance of his fields and the abundant harvests annually gathered therefrom mani- ..-' 
 
 ., fested the practical ideas followed in the direction of their cultivation, as well ' ' - 
 
 ';,: as his careful supervision. .;:../: -..:,.- 
 
 ; On the 28th of October, 1858, was solemnized the marriage of Mr. Spencer ; .- : 
 
 and Miss Rosina Doty, who was born in Ohio, where she continued to make . .: v;: 
 
 her home until 1853, when she accompanied her people on their removal to .',:-:; 
 
 . Illinois. Of the marriage of Mr. and Mrs. Spencer there have been born seven ' .; . ; 
 
 children. Mary, who is the eldest of the family, married Oliver Cadwell, who ;;: '^ 
 
 '.. died on December 27, 1910, and by him she had five sons, four of whom are 
 
 living; and three daughters. Nathaniel, who is engaged in farming on section T.., -:. . 
 lo, Truro township, married Carrie Edley. Frank Edward died aged seven -.:.:';' = 
 years. Deborah married Lincoln Huber, a farmer of this township, and they '. ; 
 
 have eleven children. Emma J. married Edward F. Mosher, who is operating 
 
 ., the old Spencer homestead, and they have had seven children, two of whom . > ; 
 
 .-. are deceased. Rose married Otto Gross, who is a resident of Stark county, and "i : 
 
 they have three children. Charles, who is living in Peoria county, married ;;-/; 
 
 Iva King and they have seven children. r. ; 
 
 His political support Mr. Spencer has always given to the democratic party, ;.'i',' .' 
 
 and while residing on the farm he served as school director and road com- "..;: 
 
 missioner. Through the long period of his residence in the county, Mr. Spencer :-; ~ ; i 
 
 has witnessed many most interesting changes with the development of the ';. ;.- J 
 
 natural resources and the introduction of modern commercial and industrial o' -. . 
 
 ' methods. The prairies of half a century ago have been converted into highly '';-' 
 
 improved and most productive farms, while the villages and settlements have ':*!:, 
 
 grown into bustling cities and thriving towns. : .. . ., . >..--, t .^: ^ 
 
 . :. _ ; . . OLIVER O. CADWELL. r ;., .! V > ; 
 
 . . With the passing away of Oliver O. Cadwell on the loth of December, 
 
 '.1910, Truro township lost one of her native sons and highly estimable citizens. 
 
 ' He had been successfully identified with the commercial activities of the county 
 
 for over thirty years, and was known as one of the capable business men of 
 
 ; the township. His birth occurred in Truro township in 1847, and he was a 
 
 . '- son of George Cadwell, who was a native of Pennsylvania. The father came 
 
 ;' ; from the Keystone state to Illinois in 1842, locating in Knox county, where for 
 
 many years he was engaged in farming. , ,... . , . ., . . 
 
934 HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY 'r 
 
 In the acquirement of his education Oliver O. Cadwell attended the dis- 
 trict schools and later those of Kewanee. When old enough to begin his busi- 
 ness career he laid aside his text-books and took a position in a store. He 
 continued to clerk until he had attained the age of thirty-one years, when he 
 engaged in business for himself in Truro township. Possessing an unusual 
 aptitude for successful management and keen foresight he made a success of 
 this undertaking, and from then until his death was identified with the com- 
 mercial life of the county. He carried a good assortment of general merchan-l 
 dise, that he offered at reasonable prices, and this together with his gracious 
 and accommodating manner enabled him to build up a large patronage. As 
 the years passed he enlarged his business and acquired property interests, own- 
 ing a fine farm of forty acres in Truro township, with good improvements. 
 
 Mr. Cadwell marrieiJ Miss Mary M. Spencer and they became the parents 
 of eight children. Thomas, who is operating a blacksmith shop on the Cad- 
 well farm, married Bessie Loman and they have one child, Harley. Amos, who 
 was the second in order of birth, died. Sally married Clarence Robinson of 
 Williamsfield and they have three children, Bernice, Walter and Irene. Del-; 
 bert is living at home with his mother and operating the store. Climena mar- 
 ried Oscar Smith of Williamsfield and they have one child, Glenn. Charles, 
 Ruth and Clyde, the three youngest members of the family, are all living at 
 home. ;; "r . ,, : ; ' .| : / c-; 
 
 In the public life of the township Mr. Cadwell always exerted considerable 
 influence, owing to his comprehensive grasp of local conditions and keen insight 
 into all political matters. His political support was given to the republican 
 party and for many years he was treasurer of the township and he also served 
 as school director. There was general regret and deep mourning when he 
 passed away, not only in his immediate family and friends, but among all who 
 had known -him in either a social or business way, as he was a man of many 
 fine qualities and rare traits of character that won him the regard of all with 
 whom he came in contact. . -: ; .. 
 
 ' ;V;v;;v-' ' : C J. CARLSON. ^ '.:-:/'(]-.'':,::---.}, 
 
 C. ]. Carlson, a prosperous stockman and agriculturist of Victoria township, 
 owns four hundred acres of land located on section 15. He was born in Smaland, 
 Sweden, on the 5th of December, 1853. The parents always resided in the 
 land of their birth, and there the mother passed away in 1894 and the father, 
 in 1897. They were both members of the Lutheran church. 
 
 Agricultural pursuits have always engaged the attention of C. J. Carlson, 
 who was reared and educated in his native land, where he passed the first 
 twenty-two years of his life. Having decided that it was impossible for him 
 to realize his ambitions in his own country in 1875 ^^ took passage for the 
 L^nited States, coming directly to Knox county. Upon his arrival here he first 
 located in the vicinity of Galesburg, where he worked out by the month as a 
 farm hand for two years. At the expiration of that period he came to Victoria 
 township, continuing in the same occupation for three years. He was subse- _ 
 
HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY 
 
 935 
 
 quently married and located on the place where he now lives. During the long 
 period of his ownership, Mr. Carlson has wrought many changes in the farm 
 that have added greatly to its appearance as well as value. He has erected a 
 number of new buildings and remodeled the old and has also installed various 
 modern appliances and conveniences, making his one of the best equipped farms 
 in the community. His fields have been brought to a high state of productivity 
 and now annually yield abundant harvests that amply reward him for the labor 
 expended in their tilling. In connection with general farming he raises stock 
 of a good grade, and is now and has been for the past two years sole owner of 
 a thoroughbred Norman stallion, Vanity Fair. As he has always been a hard 
 working, enterprising man, who has used good judgment and intelligence in 
 the direction of his undertakings, Mr. Carlson has prospered and is known as 
 one of the substantial and highly capable farmers of the county. 
 
 Mr. Carlson completed his arrangements for a home upon his marriage to 
 Miss Anna Louisa Tunberg, who is also a native of Sweden and a daughter 
 of Andrew Anderson. Eight children have been born to them as follows : 
 Esther Cordelia, the wife of Victor Crantz, of Victoria, by whom she has had 
 two children, Carl and Paul ; Clarence A., who is unmarried and living in Chi- 
 cago ; Anna Marie, at home ; Carl August, now living on his father's farm, 
 who married Grace Sornberger and has two children, Doris and Charles ; and 
 Roy, Beda, Charles and Forrest, all of whom are at home. 
 . ' The family attend the Swedish Methodist Episcopal church at Victoria, in 
 which the parents hold membership, and Mr. Carlson and four of his sons 
 belong to the Modern Woodmen of America. When first granted the right of 
 franchise he gave his support to the men. and measures of the greenback party, 
 but later became a democrat. He has always assumed his share of the town- 
 ship governmental duties and has been assessor of his township. Although he 
 has met with the various disappointments and hardships that usually fall to 
 the lot of everyone in a strange country, Mr. Carlson has never had reason to 
 regret the transference of his allegiance to the United States. He has applied 
 himself closely and for many years worked unceasingly and practiced the most 
 rigid economy, but he has prospered and now owns one of the valuable prop- 
 erties of Victoria township. 
 
 ^^; ./'; ;':'; /,-.;;:.:;: r- S. W. MOSHER. 1:;;:^: . :/-.,/; ^'.{.-.'r--' :-i 
 
 S. W. Mosher, a well known agriculturist of Victoria township, was born 
 on the place where he is now residing on the isth of March, 1853. His father, 
 Allen Mosher, was a native of the state of New York, whence he removed in 
 his early manhood to Ohio. From there he came to Illinois with the family of 
 Eli Johnson, whose daughter Mary Ann he married after the family settled in 
 Knox county. They were among the early pioneers of this section and the old 
 house they occupied when they first came is still standing. Agricultural pur- 
 suits always engaged the attention of Allen Mosher, who devoted the remainder 
 of his life to the further improvement of his farm, and there passed away at 
 the age of forty-seven years. Nine children were born unto Mr. and Mrs. 
 
930 HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY X' ''r- ^^ 
 
 Mosher, all of whom are now deceased with the exception of our subject and 
 one other son, Charles. 
 
 The educational advantages of S. W. Mosher were confined to the district 
 schools in the vicinity of his home, and while there engaged in mastering the 
 common branches he assisted in the work of the farm. When he laid aside his 
 text-books he had a good understanding of the practical methods of agriculture, 
 and thereafter gave his undivided attention to the work of the fields. His 
 entire life has been spent on his present farm, which is endeared to him by the 
 associations of childhood and youth, as well as those of his manhood. He has 
 one hundred and thirty-four acres of land, all under high cultivation. His 
 fields are annually planted in the cereals to which the soil is best adapted, and 
 under his capable care and supervision yield abundant harvests, the quality of 
 which is fully equal to the quantity. In connection with general farming Mr. 
 Mosher breeds and raises cattle of a good grade, and thus also realizes good 
 returns. He has effected extensive improvements in the place during the period 
 of his ownership, having erected all of the buildings now standing, in addition 
 to which he has from time to time added various other conveniences, consistent 
 with the progressive spirit that characterizes his undertakings. The place is 
 well kept up and cared for, everything about it manifesting the capable manage- 
 ment and the thrift that invariably accompany prosperity. 
 
 In 1889 Mr. Mosher was united in marriage to Miss Anna Peterson, a 
 daughter of Daniel Peterson,' and a native of Sweden, whence she was brought 
 to the United States as a child of seven years. 
 
 His political allegiance Mr. Mosher accords to such men and measures as 
 he deems best qualified to subserve the highest interests of the community, 
 irrespective of party affiliation. As he has always lived on his farm, which is 
 located six and a half miles northwest of Williamsfield, he is well known to 
 the citizens of that entire community, who accord him the esteem and respect 
 merited by his many substantial qualities, that have well withstood the crucial 
 test of the passing years. . ' :-' ; I: '. V " ^ - 
 
 ,. '/^^ G. W. ELLIOTT. : r 
 
 One of Knox county's patriotic sons, who gave his services in defense of the 
 Union on the battlefields of the south, was G. W. Elliott, for many years suc- 
 cessfully identified with the farming interests of the county, but now living 
 retired in Williamsfield. His birth occurred on his father's farm on the i8th of 
 October, 1842, his parents being Thomas and Hannah (Reese) Elliott, the for- 
 mer a native of Ohio and the latter of Virginia. They were married in Ohio, 
 but soon thereafter crossed the prairies to Illinois, being among the early 
 pioneers of Knox county. In 1836 they located on a farm in Persifer township, 
 that he operated for twenty years, when disposing of it he removed to \'^ictoria 
 township. There he acquired one hundred and sixty acres of land and indus- 
 triously applied himself to its further cultivation until 1868. Selling his home- 
 stead he removed with his wife and family to Missouri, where he bought eighty 
 acres of land, that he continued to operate until his death. The family of Mr. 
 
;;; : : :- ;;^;V;; HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY ; ? : 937 
 
 ; and Mrs. Elliott numbered fourteen, six of whom are living: George W., our 
 \: subject; and Samantha, Sarah, Elizabeth, Hannah and Thomas. 
 
 The boyhood and youth of G. W. Elliott were spent on the farm where he 
 
 was born and in Persifer township, his education being pursued in the district 
 
 ?' schools. Pioneer conditions prevailed throughout the country at that period, 
 
 , and there were but limited opportunities for social enjoyment outside of the 
 
 ^ family, as the settlers were all busily engaged in striving to establish homes, and 
 
 -> place their land under cultivation. In the work of the farm he early began to 
 
 : assist his father, assuming many of the tasks that were really a man's work 
 
 .; when little more than a boy. When he attained his majority he enlisted in 
 
 Company D, Sixty-Ninth Illinois Volunteer Infantry and went to the battlefields 
 
 of the south. Upon receiving his discharge he returned to Knox county and 
 
 : purchased forty acres of land in Victoria township. He was an energetic, enter- 
 
 , prising young man and his well directed efforts met with a gratifying degree of 
 
 prosperity, so that as time passed he was able to increase his possessions until 
 
 he owned two hundred and twenty acres of fine land. As his circumstances 
 
 warranted with the passing years he improved his farm by the addition of many 
 
 modern conveniences and appliances; indicative of the progressive methods he 
 
 pursued in all of his undertakings. Good barns and outbuildings as well as a 
 
 .-. comfortable residence were erected on his farm, where he has spent the greater 
 
 part of his life. 
 
 For his wife Mr. Elliott chose Miss Albina Mosher, who passed away on July 
 
 . 24, 1906. Mrs. Elliott was a daughter of Seneca and Nancy (Buck) Mosher, 
 
 .' well known among the early residents of Knox county. Of the marriage of 
 
 .' Mr. and Mrs. Elliott there were born six children, five of whom are living, as 
 
 V follows: James F., Emma, Susan A., Hannah and John. George, the fifth in 
 
 order of birth, is deceased. ' . 
 
 A stalwart republican, Mr. Elliott has ever given his political support to the 
 \ men and measures of that party, considering that their policy is best adapted to 
 protect the interests of the majority. In his early years he took an active inter- 
 . est in all township affairs and served as constable, school director and path- 
 master. In both his public and private life, Mr. Elliott has ever manifested the 
 . steadfast purpose, upright conduct and incorruptible integrity, consistent with 
 ; the high principles he advocates in all transactions between man and man. 
 
 Ole Anderson, an old settler of Sparta township, passed away December i, 
 1900. He was a native of Christiansand, Norway, born February 18, 1820. In 
 1849 he emigrated to America and came to the Swedish settlement at Bishop 
 Hill, Henry county, Illinois. He was a poor man and for three years worked 
 by the month as a farm hand. In 1852 he purchased one hundred and sixty 
 acres of raw prairie land in Sparta township and that remained his home until 
 his death. His widow still resides on the place. She was Miss Betsey Anderson, 
 a native of Sweden, born May 6, 1839. By her marriage to Ole Anderson, 
 which was celebrated on the 7th of July, 1856, she had eleven children, as fol- 
 
988 . HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY 
 
 lows: Harriett, the wife of E. A. Werteen, of Galesburg, Illinois; A. O., an 
 agriculturist of Sparta township ; Albert, who is a resident of Oklahoma ; Annie, 
 now Mrs. Volk, of Sparta township; Jennie, the wife of Scott McKibbin, of 
 Copley township; Christ, living in Sparta township; Sophia, the wife of Leon- 
 ard Webber, of Wataga, Illinois ; William, who makes his home in Sparta town- 
 ship; Henry, of Appleton, Illinois; and Emma and Arthur, both at home with 
 their mother. 
 
 Mr. Anderson was a very successful man and at the time of his death owned 
 twelve hundred acres of land in Knox county and sixteen sections of land in 
 Texas. He was a member of the Methodist church and gave his political allegi- 
 ance to the republican party. 
 
 ..^-^vX.- . josiAH HAMILTON. v-:;y:.y: :.;-;;;;/ 
 
 Josiah Hamilton, who died in Galesburg, November 23, 1911, resided within 
 the borders of Knox county for more than half a century and for years was 
 actively successfully identified with its agricultural and mercantile interests. He 
 was long numbered among the prominent citizens of the community. His birth 
 occurred in Venango county, Pennsylvania, on the 23rd of January, 1829, his 
 parents being Richard and Sarah (Reynolds) Hamilton, the former a native of 
 the Keystone state and the latter of Birmingham, England. They were married 
 in Pennsylvania and there spent the remainder of their lives, passing away in the 
 faith of the Presbyterian church. Richard Hamilton, whose demise occurred in 
 1844, was a democrat in politics and ably served in the capacity of justice of the 
 peace. Their children were thirteen in number, namely, James, William, Hugh, 
 Edward, John, Josiah, Celina, Louisa, Mary, Lavina, Lida, Cynthia and Emeline, 
 all now deceased. 
 
 Josiah Hamilton acquired his education in the schools of his native state. 
 At the age of seventeen he sought to impart his knowledge to others by teaching 
 in the country schools, which he continued to do for a number of years, during 
 the winter months, following agriculture in the summer time. In the spring of 
 1854, he with a cousin. Walker Hamilton, made an extensive trip through Illinois 
 and Iowa, spending the season in these two states, his cousin returning in the 
 fall, while he remained in Knox county and taught the winter school in a log 
 school house which stood about six miles east of Galesburg, on what has since 
 been known as the William Reynolds farm, returning to his native state in the 
 spring to cultivate a small farm of his own near Cherry Tree, Pennsylvania, 
 which he had been able to purchase through industry and economy. In 1857, he 
 returned to Knox county, Illinois, making his home with Jacob Sipherd, east of 
 Galesburg. farming rented land during the summer and teaching school in the 
 winter. On March 25, 1858, he was wedded at Peoria, Illinois, by Rev. Robert 
 Johnson, to Miss Isabella N. Davidson, daughter of George and Mary Davidson, 
 of Cumberland county, Pennsylvania. A son. William Davidson, was born unto 
 them and is still living in Galesburgr. .... : -- -. 
 
lOSlAH HAMILTON 
 
v-T^ , HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY ; ; 
 
 lows: Harriett, the wife of E. A. Werteen, of Galesburg. Illinois; A. O., an 
 agriculturist of Sparta township ; Albert, who is a resident of Oklahoma ; Annie, 
 now Mrs. Volk, of Sparta township; Jennie, the wife of Scott McKibbin, of 
 Copley township; Christ, living in Sparta township; Sophia, the wife of Leon- 
 ard Webber, of Wataga. Illinois ; William, who makes his home in Sparta town- 
 ship; Henry, of Appleton, Illinois; and Emma and Arthur, both at home with 
 their mother. 
 
 Mr. Anderson was a very successful man and at the time of his death owned 
 twelve hundred acres of land in Knox county and sixteen sections of land in 
 Texas. He was a member of the Methodist church and gave his political allegi- 
 ance to the republican party. 
 
 : JOSIAH HAMILTON. 
 
 Josiah Hamilton, who died in Galesburg, November 23, 1911, resided within 
 the borders of Knox county for more than half a century and for years was 
 actively successfully identified with its agricultural and mercantile interests. He 
 was long numbered among the prominent citizens of the community. His birth 
 occurred in \'enango county, Pennsylvania, on the 23rd of January, 1829, his 
 parents being Richard and Sarah (Reynolds) Hamilton, the former a native of 
 the Keystone state and the latter of IJirmitigham, England. They were married 
 in Pennsylvania and there spent the remainder of their lives, passing away in the 
 faith of the Presbyterian church. Richard Hamilton, whose demise occurred in 
 1844, was a democrat in politics and ably served in the capacity of justice of the 
 peace. Their children were thirteen in number, namely, James, William, Hugh, 
 Edward, John, Josiah, Celina, Louisa, Mary, Lavina, Lida, Cynthia and Emeline. 
 all now deceased. 
 
 Josiah Hamilton acquired his education in the schools of his native state. 
 At the age of seventeen he sought to impart his knowledge to others by teaching 
 in the country schools, which he continued to do for a number of years, during 
 the winter months, following aijriculture in the summer time. In the spring of 
 1854, he with a cousin, \\'alker Hamilton, made an extensive trip through Illinois 
 and Iowa, spending the season in these two states, his cousin returning in the 
 fall, while he remained in Knox county and taught the winter school in a log 
 school house which stood about six miles east of Galesburg, on what has since 
 been known as the \\'illiam Reynolds farm, returning to his native state in the 
 spring to cultivate a small farm of his o\vn near Cherry Tree, Pennsylvania, 
 which he had been able to purchase through industry and economy. In 1857, he 
 returned to Knox county. Illinois, making his home with Jacob Sipherd, east of 
 Galesburg. farming rented land during the summer and teaching school in the 
 winter. On March 25. 1858, he was wedded at Peoria, Illinois, by Rev. Robert 
 Johnson, to Miss Isabella N. Davidson, daughter of George and Mary Davidson, 
 of Cumberland county, Pennsylvania. A son. William David.son, was born unto 
 them and is still living in Galesbure. 
 
f . 
 
 .IdSIAII 
 
^ ^'fUA /; / ^:^^^^ HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY i Ml :- 
 
 f The first year of his married life was spent on a farm south of Knoxville ; : . 
 
 and in the city of Knoxville. The spring of 1859 ^^ moved on the Ralph ^^ ^ . 
 
 Spooner farm northeast of Galesburg. During the same year he sold his farm : - V 
 
 in Pennsylvania and purchased a farm in Knox county, three and one-half miles : .- " i 
 
 northeast of Knoxville, where he continued to reside until the spring of 1883, Cj ^^ ; . 
 
 when he disposed of the farm and took up his abode in Galesburg. In January, ' ^ : 
 
 1875, he was instrumental in the organization of The Galesburg Knox County / . 
 
 Farmers Mutual Fire and Lightning Insurance Company, being one of the in- .^' ./ I 
 
 corporators and holding the office of secretary thirty-one years. In January, ' . ' ^- 
 
 1897, he assisted in organizing The Galesburg District Mutual Wind Storm In- : ; 
 
 surance Company, comprising nine counties, and served as secretary for thirteen ^. ' .\ 'J 
 
 years. .;';:/'/ 
 
 In March, 1883, he purchased the Taylor residence on East Main street, in . ..^ \ " 
 
 Galesburg, which was his home the remainder of his life. He embariced in the ;, 
 
 mercantile business in the spring of 1883, buying out the firm of Dore & Ryan . . . V; 
 
 on East Main street, near the comer of Cherry, where for six years he conducted -.:;-. 
 
 a grocery store. After disposing of the store in 1889, he gave all his time and ' ' . 
 
 energy as secretary of the farmers insurance companies until his mature years ', -J , . 
 
 compelled him to retire from active life. i . . 
 
 The wife and mother passed away February 28, 1893, and on the 26th of ; . 
 
 September, 1899, M*"- Hamilton was again married, his second union being with ., / '. ' 
 
 Mrs. Mary E. Nation, the widow of Vickery Nation, and a daughter of Fleming ; ; v ! 
 
 F. and Rebecca (Bridgeman) Denton, of Wataga, Illinois. c 
 
 In politics Mr. Hamilton was a republican, loyally supporting the men and ,: iV ''.': 
 
 measures of that party. He served as a deacon in the Presb)rterian church, '.'- 
 
 of which his wife is also a devoted and consistent member. He had passed the ' : 
 
 eighty-second milestone on this earthly pilgrimage when called away and his well ;: :- ' 
 ordered life brought him not only a substantial competence but also the 
 and esteem of an extensive circle of friends. . .,, . .^ : ., . 
 
 _ :.,\^y:^ ;;;,; - V . ^''':V;.-: JONATHAN GIBBS. ^'V'^.^'"' . .. .;.;;A:-l-,\:.;; ':';> 
 
 General farming and stock-raising have always engaged the energies of , 
 Jonathan Gibbs, who owns two hundred and seventy-six acres of highly culti- ; 
 vated and well improved land on section i6, Victoria township. He was born 
 in the township where he is now living on the 4th of October, 1854, his parents 
 being Martin and Mary Ann (Moak) Gibbs. The father was born and reared ;- 
 in New Jersey, whence he removed to Illinois in his early manhood, locating 
 on land on Walnut Creek in Lynn township, that he cultivated until his mar- . :, 
 riage. Subsequent to this event he removed to Victoria township, where he '. ; 
 acquired one hundred and twenty acres of land that was also located on the .^v . 
 creek. He energetically applied himself to the further improvements and culti- I!;. ', 
 vation of this place until his death at the age of fifty-nine years. The mother ; ' 
 was fifty-eight when she passed away and was laid to rest in the Victoria ceme- ;- 
 tery as was also the father. The old homestead is now the property of Owen 
 Couley. .Mr. and Mrs. Gibbs became the parents of seven sons and one daugh- / 
 
 ter, and five of the sons are still living. The father was one of the public- - ; 
 
 ToL 048 .?'>:^' 
 
942 ; HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY '"' Vf' v ' 
 
 spirited, enterprising men of the community at that period and gave his political 
 support to the republican party. 
 
 Jonathan Gibbs was reared in Victoria township and pursued his education 
 in its district schools. After he had mastered the common branches he laid 
 aside his text-books and gave his entire time and attention to assisting with the 
 work of the home farm. He was an ambitious young man of practical ideas 
 and diligent habits, who applied himself intelligently to anything he undertook. 
 After his marriage he located on a farm a mile and a half southeast of his 
 present place, residing there until he purchased the farm where he now lives, 
 at that time the property of Jonathan Huble. It was well improved when Mr. 
 Gibbs took possession but during the period of his ownership he has made 
 innumerable changes, all of which have tended to improve and add to the value 
 of the property. He has large commodious barns, good outbuildings and a 
 comfortable residence, which are kept well in repair and present an appearance 
 of thrift and prosperity. Here Mr. Gibbs is successfully engaged in general 
 farming and stock-raising, evidencing in both pursuits the enterprise and sagacity 
 that have characterized him from boyhood. He is now recognized as one of the 
 substantial and competent agriculturists of the county, whose success is due to 
 his persistent and intelligently directed efforts. 
 
 For his wife and helpmate Mr. Gibbs chose Miss Elizabeth Graver, who 
 was born and reared in Lynn township and is a daughter of David and Eliza- 
 beth Graver, both of whom passed their latter years on their farm in Lynn 
 township. Four children have been born to Mr. and Mrs. Gibbs. Stella, the 
 eldest, became the wife of L. Stewart, of Gopley township, by whom she has 
 had one child, Lucille. Martin, who is operating a farm in Victoria township, 
 a mile north of his father's place, married Mary Milroy, a daughter of Nat 
 Milroy, and they have two sons. Dale and Dean. Glarence, who is the next in 
 order of birth, is living at home. Glenn, who is also living on the home farm, 
 married Edna Milroy. 
 
 : Fraternally Mr. Gibbs is affiliated with the Modern Woodmen of America, 
 and his political allegiance he gives to the republican party, but he has never 
 been an office seeker. He is one of the highly regarded citizens of the com- 
 munity, where he is widely known, having passed the entire period of his life 
 in the vicinity of his present home. Mr. Gibbs jwssesses many most estimable 
 qualities that have been thoroughly tested during the long period of his resi- 
 dence in Victoria township, and never found wanting. He has high standards 
 of citizenship, is loyal to his friends and true to every trust reposed in him, 
 while his integrity is known to be incorruptible. ','; 
 
 > - '' JOHN M. YOUNG. A - 
 
 John M. Young, for the past three years assessor of Victoria township, 
 resides on section 26, where he rents one hundred and twenty acres of land that 
 he has been cultivating for the past seven years. He was born in Victoria town- 
 ship on the 2d of May, 1869, and is a son of Robert and Martha (Dennis) Young, 
 both natives of Ohio. The father left the Buckeye state at the age of four 
 years, coming to Illinois, where he was reared and educated. Upon attaining his 
 manhood he engaged in agricultural pursuits, acquiring one hundred and sixty 
 
{.;::, HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY 'v ^' 943 
 
 .... . ^ . . . ^ 
 
 acres of land in Victoria township, that is now in a high state of productivity. 
 Ten children were born to Mr. and Mrs. Young, six of whom are residents of 
 Knox county, and all are living with the exception of one. 
 
 The entire life of John M. Young has been spent in Knox county with the 
 exception of six years when he lived in Kansas. He attended school in district 
 No. 71 of this township, and after completing the common branches he engaged 
 in farming, and has ever since been identified with this vocation. For the past 
 seven years he has been engaged in general farming and stock-raising on the 
 place where he now lives and has met with a good degree of success. =. '" 
 
 ,/ For his wife Mr. Young chose Miss May Suydam, a native of Victoria town- 
 ship and a daughter of Abraham and Lucinda Suydam, and they have become the 
 parents of five children: Edna, Lynn, Edward, Clyde and Ila. 
 
 Ever since granted the right of franchise upon attaining his majority, Mr. 
 Young has given his political support to the men and measures of the democratic 
 party, considering their policy best adapted to subserve the interests of the ma- 
 jority. He takes an active and helpful interest in township affairs and has effi- 
 ciently discharged the duties of assessor for three years, while for six he has been 
 a director of the school he attended during his boyhood. Mr. Young is one of 
 the well known residents of Victoria township, where his family have resided for 
 more than a half century, during which time they have contributed their quota 
 toward promoting its agricultural development. . 
 
 :-./': :;.;.,; .;.-... WILLIAM McGAAN. .vC-'^ '_ ' . '^'"X..-; ' v-'!^ 
 
 ' No history of Galesburg and Knox county would be complete without refer- 
 ence to William McGaan, now the oldest resident of this county, having passed 
 the ninety-fifth milestone on life's journey. He was born in Croftfoot parish, in 
 Ayrshire, Scotland, in 1817, and for some years has lived retired. His father, 
 James McGaan, was a farmer by occupation and died at the age of eighty-two 
 years, while his wife, who bore the maiden name of Jant Hunter, passed away at 
 the age of sixty-six years. She was a daughter of James Hunter. The great- 
 grandfather of William McGaan in the paternal line was a miller the oldest 
 miller in the family. 
 
 William McGaan when a boy of eleven years, being the oldest of the family, 
 became the main support of his father during the harvest seasons. In Scotland 
 farm lands were divided into mounts of fourteen feet in order to form a drain. 
 Harvesting was done by cutting the grain with a scythe and William McGaan 
 acted as forecutter, going ahead of the others and doing what was called shear- 
 ing the grain. At that day two pounds were paid for harvest work to the men, 
 while the women received a pound and a half, or the equivalent of about seven 
 and a half dollars. When fifteen years of age William McGaan entered the 
 service of a large farmer, contracting to remain nine years, his wages being six 
 pounds or about thirty dollars per year and board. He received but one pair of 
 shoes, which were supposed to last him an entire year. When his term of ser- 
 vice had expired he entered the employ of a cousin as a trader, buying and selling 
 
944 . HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY '^ tfV ;.; : 
 
 grain for six years He was married at the age of twenty-eight and afterward 
 engaged in buying and shipping potatoes, which were sent to Glasgow. 
 
 Mr. McGaan was united in marriage to Agnes Andrews, a daughter of James 
 and Grace (Drennan) Andrews. She was a widow at the time of her marriage 
 to Mr. McGaan and had one child, a son, who afterward served as steward on a 
 merchant vessel during the Civil war and was lost at sea. Mrs. McGaan inherited 
 a small mercantile establishment from her first husband but she sold, this a year ; 
 later. William McGaan was forty years of age when he came with his family to the ^ 
 new world, the voyage across the Atlantic consuming sixteen days. He left his 
 family in Scotland and made his way to Altona, Illinois, and soon afterward the "! 
 family arrived, but through a mistake were sent to Alton, instead of Altona. For a . 
 year Mr. McGaan worked with relatives in Copley township, thus supporting his 
 family, which then consisted of wife and two sons, James and William. He also 
 has a daughter, Mrs. Grace Austin. The father is now the only survivor of a 
 family of six children, of whom one died in infancy. His two sisters have also 
 passed away and one of his brothers left for Australia at the time when he came 
 to America and died in that country. 
 
 At the age of twenty years William McGaan had managed to save from his . 
 meager earnings the sum of fifteen pounds. He arrived in America with only , 
 twenty sovereigns, but he was industrious and energetic and improved every . 
 opportunity of providing a comfortable living for his family. He also made for 
 himself a creditable name in Knox county by reason of his honorable business 
 dealing and straightforward methods. He is now living with his son Hugh . 
 McGaan at the advanced age of ninety-five years and is the oldest resident of 
 Knox county. He has long been a member of the Presbyterian church and 
 through his entire life has been faithful to its teachings. 
 
 -;'.;,,./;-'- ^ HUGH McGAAN. ;-.;-.;:;/; 'r.v.-.V ; 
 
 Hugh McGaan, who is a resident farmer of Walnut Grove township, was born 
 m Copley township, this county, January 13, 1858. After attending the public 
 schools he engaged in farming on the old homestead until his marriage and he 
 now lives on the old McGaan farm, devoting his attention to the cultivation of 
 the fields and to stock-raising, both branches of his business proving profitable. 
 
 On the I2th of November, 1885, Mr. McGaan was united in marriage to Miss 
 Lettie Arnold, who was born July 2, 1859, and is a daughter of E. H. Arnold, now 
 a retired carpenter of Galesburg who has reached the age of eighty-four years. 
 He was bom in the state of New York and in 1864 came to Knox county, settling 
 in Galesburg, where he always followed carpentering. He married Sarah Davis, 
 who died in 1870. She was a daughter of Hull and Emeline (Merriam) Davis, 
 the former a native of Delaware county. New York, and the latter of Harpers- 
 field, that state. In the family of Mr. and Mrs. Arnold were four children, but 
 only two are now living: Mrs. McGaan and her siste. F.mma, who is the widow 
 of Ehidley Overstreet, of Lincoln, Nebraska. After graduating from the high 
 school of this city Mrs. McGaan engaged in teaching in Galesburg for six years. 
 By her marriage she has become the mother of seven children : Agnes, who is now 
 
; v; V V -:-r HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY ' -' O: i ; M6 
 
 the wife of William McMaster, of Walnut Grove township, and has two chil- 
 dren, Thomas and Evelyn ; Sarah, a graduate of the Altona high school ; Grace, 
 the wife of Ellsworth Heck, of Bardolph, Illinois ; William, at home ; Susan who 
 is attending the Altona high school ; and Roy and Emory, both at home. 
 
 The parents are faithful and active members of the Presbyterian church of 
 Altona and Mr. McGaan is a republican in politics. He has been particularly 
 active in support of educational interests, serving for twenty-six years, or since 
 1886, as a member of the school board. He believes in progress and improve- 
 ment along all lines which are of vital significance to the community and his in- 
 fluence has been a potent element for good. ;;;. . - ' " 
 
 :/ .; V : CLAUDE E. FRANKENBURGER. :^^- - 
 
 Claude E. Frankenburger, who is the conscientious and efficient cashier of 
 the Bank of Rio, was born near Alpha, Henry county, September 4, 1885. He is 
 the son of Ira K. and Mary E. (Calkins) Frankenburger, the father a native of 
 Pennsylvania, of German descent, and the mother of Illinois. In 1878 the 
 father came to Henry county, where he bought one hundred and seventy-three 
 acres of land, and he and his wife now reside on the same. In their family were 
 four children, of whom Claude E., of this review, was the third in order of birth. 
 
 Claude E. Frankenburger was reared and attended the common schools in 
 Henry county and later completed a high-school course at Alpha. He was then 
 employed for four months by John M. Taze, in the Alpha Exchange Bank. In 
 February, 1903, the Bank of Rio was established by John M. Taze and his son, 
 William I. Taze, and in March of the same year Claude E. Frankenburger was 
 appointed assistant cashier of the bank. In 1905 he was promoted to the position 
 of cashier. In August, 1909, he and his brother Benjamin E. and Milton Death- 
 erage purchased the bank stock and now are efficiently controlling the same 
 
 Mr. Frankenburger is fraternally identified with Rio Lodge, No. 685, A. F. & 
 A. M. ; with Chapter No. 4, R. A. M. ; and Commandery No. 42, K. T. He is 
 also a member of the Order of the Eastern Star at Rio. He is energetic, pro- 
 gressive and capable and although a young man still, is rapidly gaining for him- 
 self a leading position in the business world in his community. ;^: '? 
 
 , ; - r BENJAMIN E. FRANKENBURGER. :-;:-;:':-:; 
 
 Benjamin E. Frankenburger, assistant cashier of the Bank of Rio and also en- 
 gaged in the insurance business, was born in Orion. Illinois. December 13, i88o, 
 and was reared in Henry county. He attended the common schools and was gradu- 
 ated from the Alpha high school. Subsequently he was employed as a railroad 
 billing clerk at Aurora, Illinois, and later was for one year in Chicago as inspec- 
 tor of local freight accounts for the Chicago Car Service Company. Subsequently 
 he was rate clerk at Joliet for the Elgin, Joliet & Eastern Belt Line for two years 
 and was then chief rate clerk for the Chicago, Rock Island & Pacific Railroad at 
 
946 HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY ' .- 
 
 that place for about a year. In 1907 he returned to Alpha and became manager 
 of the Tri-County Light & Power Company, which position he held for one year, 
 and afterward became connected with the Bank of Rio. He is now acting as 
 assistant cashier of that institution and is extensively engaged in the insurance 
 business, selling all kinds of insurance. Like his brother Claude E., he is a 
 Knight Templar Mason, belonging to Rio Lodge, No. 685, A. F. & A. M., Chapter 
 No. 4, R. A. M., and Commandery No. 42, K. T. He, too, is a member of the 
 Order of the Eastern Star at Rio and is regarded as one of the leading young 
 business men of the place. 'v ' V v- '^ ' '> ^^ 
 
 ;..'Vv;-K-, --...^ . . . REUBEN cox. /;-, ':;';:'/'.'/.'.;; 
 
 Reuben Cox, an agriculturist of Walnut Grove township, Knox county, was 
 born January 20, 1844, in Somersetshire, England, his parents being James and 
 Emma (Pittard) Cox. He is a grandson of Joseph and Sarah (Davis) Cox, who "^ 
 came to America with their son James and settled in Knox county, Illinois, where i; 
 Joseph Cox died in 1878 at the age of one hundred years and his wife ; . 
 in 1857 at the age of seventy-two. James Cox, whose birth occurred Janu- . 
 ary 8, i8i6, arrived in America in 1846, and located in Sparta township, ^ : 
 this county. He later purchased forty acres of land in Ontario town- 
 ship, on which place he resided for six years. Subsequently he acquired > 
 eighty acres of valuable farming land near Oneida, which he cultivated for some - 
 time before purchasing a quarter of a section in Sparta township, which is the old ' 
 Cox homestead. Later he removed to Oneida, where he lived retired until his 
 death, which occurred in 1897 when he was about eighty-two years of age. His . 
 wife was born October 7, 1817, in Somersetshire, England, and was the daugh- v 
 ter of James and Martha Pittard, also natives of England. Her death occurred 
 September 24, 1884. Mr. and Mrs. James Cox were the parents of seven chil- 
 dren, two of whom survive : Mary M., a teacher residing in San Francisco, Cali- 
 fornia; and Reuben, the subject of this sketch. 
 
 Until he was nine years of age Reuben Cox attended the district school, but . 
 at that early age made his start in farming which he has followed throughout his ' 
 active career. At first he plowed corn on the home farm and later assisted in all 
 the general work upon his father's farm. He has never regretted his choice of ' 
 work because he has met with unusual success, and since his marriage has been 
 residing upon his present place, which is one of the most highly cultivated tracts : 
 in the township. In addition to general farming he also carries on stock-raising 
 to a large extent. 
 
 In 1865 Mr. Cox married Emma Pitney, a native of Somersetshire, England, 
 and a daughter of William and Anna Pitney. Her parents who were born August * 'J 
 29, i8io, and April 29, i8io, respectively, came to America in 1845 and went !: 
 directly to Albany, New York, where Mr. Pitney accepted employment as a 
 mason, a trade he had learned in his native land. Subsequently they removed tc 
 Chicago, where the family remained for seven years and then went to Rockford, 
 Illinois, where the father died December i8, 1880, and the mother ten years later. ' - 
 Mrs. Cox's paternal grandfather, John Pitney, was prominently known as a most ' 
 
' HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY o 947 
 
 ; ;; successful gardener. Mr. and Mrs. Cox have become the parents of two children : 
 
 , Wallace W., whose birth occurred in 1867, and who is a carpenter living in Gales- 
 
 V burg; and Asel A., who was born in 1874 and is residing at home. 
 
 ;, Mr. Cox gives his political support to the prohibition party and is an ardent 
 
 ' advocate of the tem|>erance cause. He has never sought office but has done all in 
 
 . his power to interest others in the cause to which he devotes so much time. Both 
 
 Mr. and Mrs. Cox hold membership in the Methodist church of Altona, and she is 
 
 an active worker in the Ladies Aid Society. Being one of the pioneers of his 
 
 '': township Mr. Cox has been a witness to the greater part of its development and 
 
 has done his share in improving the soil which is the county's greatest resource. 
 
 During his long residence there he has always interested himself in all measures 
 
 ./ pertaining to the welfare of the community and has won for himself a circle of 
 
 friends almost coextensive with the circle of his acquaintances. 
 
 : : /: GEORGE WHITED. V-;; Jv ' 
 
 Prominent among the successful farmers and substantial citizens of Knox 
 county is George Whited, who is the owner of one hundred and sixty acres of 
 valuable and productive land at Rapatee and one hundred and seven and a half 
 acres located on the west township line, his home being on section 34, Maquon 
 township. He was born on section 28 of this same locality, on October 30, 1862, 
 his parents being John Striker and Charlotte (Adams) Whited. The birth of 
 John S. Whited occurred in Somerset county. New Jersey, MarcTi i6, 1832, and 
 the Whited family came in 1853 from New Jersey to Fulton county, Illinois, 
 when John Whited was a young man of twenty-one. Here he located on the 
 present farm, which was owned by Uncle Stephen Ramsay. He tilled the soil 
 and improved his land and buildings during the remaining years of his life, 
 passing away in Hancock, Pottawattamie county, Iowa, May i, 1906, at the age 
 of seventy-four years. Mrs. John Whited was a daughter of Andrew Adams, 
 an old settler emigrating in his youth from County Down, Ireland, settling in 
 the east, whence the family removed in 1853, coming from Rome, New York, to 
 Knox county. Mr. and Mrs. John S. Whited were the parents of one son, 
 George Whited, and one daughter, Lotta, who is living in Fulton county, Illinois, 
 and is the wife of J. C. Nooval, a son of Oliver Nooval. Mr. and Mrs. J. C. 
 Nocval are the parents of four children, Harry, Vera, Wanda and Lois. 
 
 Reared on the home farm George Whited was educated in the common schools 
 of Rapatee and early became familiar with all the duties which fall to the lot of 
 the agriculturist. Thus well trained he was ready to become self-supporting at 
 an early age, farming first on the homestead and later for himself, buying land 
 near by. It was his earnest wish not to settle far from his old home and the 
 childhood scenes amid which he was brought up, and in this desire he was 
 gratified since he has never in his life lived over one and one-half miles from 
 his present farm on section 34. By his close application throughout the period 
 in which he carried on general agricultural pursuits he was enabled to accumu- 
 late a substantial competency out of his profits and now divides the manage- 
 ment of the place with his son. He lives in the old residence which is the only one 
 
948 HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY 
 
 of the buildings not erected by his own efforts, having been built by his grand- 
 father. The farm is well equipped and improved and is supplied with two sets 
 of buildings. 
 
 The marriage of Mr. Whited and Miss lambia Foster was celebrated on 
 September 29, 1887. She was a daughter of James M. Foster, one of the sur- 
 vivors of the Black Hawk war, having the distinction of being the first settler 
 in the county and the first supervisor elected in the township. Mr. Foster, who 
 owned a large tract of land in this vicinity married Miss Louisa Ward of this 
 county, both being natives of Ohio, settling in Illinois in the days of its early 
 growth. They were the parents of seven children. To Mr. and Mrs. George 
 Whited eight children were born : Blanche, who died at the age of two years ; 
 Tracy, who operates the homestead; Chloe, Harold, Wayne, Audrey, Halo and 
 Kenneth. ; ',' ', ' -. - ^'. ^-.'..-.'v;' '.;'".."">';;'' 
 
 Since attaining his majority Mr. Whited has been affiliated with the demo- 
 cratic party and has been called upon to serve as justice of the peace. Fra- 
 ternally he is connected with the Modern Woodmen of America and the Odd 
 Fellows of Rapatee. Mr. and Mrs. Whited are members of the Methodist Epis- 
 copal church in which their loyal and helpful support has won them many 
 warm friends. ; ... , . 
 
 ^'; ':/.; : '. S. L. VANCE. ,-;;..:;{.; ^>uV> '' 
 
 S. L. Vance, one of the well known residents of Knox county, lives two miles 
 northeast of Yates City. He was born in Ohio in 1861, his parents being Andrew 
 and Harriet (Kibbler) Vance. His father was engaged in agriculture and when 
 S. L. Vance was a lad of seven years, came to -Illinois, settling in Knox county, . : 
 on a farm of two hundred and forty acres which still is the property of S. L. ' 
 Vance. Here he cultivated the soil for many years, retiring from active participa- 
 tion in the labors of his farm nineteen years ago. He now resides in Elmwood 
 and at the age of eighty-five years is still in good health and cheerful spirits. 
 Mrs. Vance died some years ago. They were the parents of six children, of whom 
 four are living: John; Mrs. V. Rogers; S. L. ; Henry, deceased; Mrs. Ola Mace, 
 deceased ; and Neal. 
 
 Brought up in the vicinity of Yates City, S. L. Vance acquired his education 
 in the schools of this locality and when old enough to handle a plow engaged in 
 farming on the home place. After he had thoroughly mastered the great variety 
 of knowledge with which an agriculturist must be conversant he engaged in till- 
 ing the fields on his own account. For this purpose he bought a farm from his 
 father. The house and barn had been erected before the place came into his 
 possession but all the other improvements were made by him. He is exceptionally 
 successful in all the departments of general farming and pays much attention to 
 the raising of high-grade stock for shipment to the Chicago market. | . . 
 
 On March 9, 1892, Mr. Vance was united in marriage to Miss Lettie E. 
 Riner, a daughter of Matthew and Margaret (Wingader) Riner, residents of 
 this county. Mrs. Riner is a daughter of John Wingader and a native of Ger-;;-';. 
 
AXD MRS. S. L. VANCE AND SOX 
 
948 HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY 
 
 of the buildings not erected by his own efforts, having been built by his grand- 
 father. The farm is well equipped and improved and is supplied with two sets 
 of buildings. 
 
 The marriage of Mr. Whited and Miss lambia Foster was celebrated on 
 September 29, 1887. She was a daughter of James M. Foster, one of the sur- 
 vivors of the Black Hawk war, having the distinction of being the first settler 
 in the county and the first supervisor elected in the township. Mr. Foster, who 
 owned a large tract of land in this vicinity married Miss Louisa Ward of this 
 county, both being natives of Ohio, settling in Illinois in the days of its early 
 growth. They were the parents of seven children. To Mr. and Mrs. George 
 Whited eight children were born: Blanche, who died at the age of two years; 
 Tracy, who operates the homestead ; Chloe, Harold, Wayne, Audrey, Halo and 
 Kenneth. 
 
 Since attaining his majority Mr. Whited has been affiliated with the demo- 
 cratic party and has been called upon to serve as justice of the peace. Fra- 
 ternally he is connected with the Modern Woodmen of America and the Odd 
 Fellows of Rapatee. Mr. and Mrs. Whited are members of the Methodist Epis- 
 copal church in which their loyal and helpful support has won them many 
 warm friends. , . , 
 
 S. L. VANCE. 
 
 S. L. X'ance, one of the well known residents of Knox county, lives two miles 
 northeast of Yates City. He was born in Ohio in 1861. his parents being Andrew 
 and Harriet (Kibbler) \'ance. His father was engaged in agriculture and when 
 S. L. Vance was a lad of seven years, came to -Illinois, settling in Knox county, 
 on a farm of two hundred and fort)' acres which still is the property of S. L. 
 Vance. Here he cultivated the soil for many years, retiring from active participa- 
 tion in the labors of his farm nineteen years ago. He now resides in Elmwood 
 and at the age of eighty-five years is still in good liealth and cheerful spirits. 
 Mrs. \'ance died some years ago. They were the parents of six children, of whom 
 four are living: John; Mrs. V. Rogers; S. L. ; Henry, deceased; Mrs. Ola Mace, 
 deceased: and Xeal. - i 
 
 Brought up in the vicinity of Yates City, S. L. \'ance accjuired his education 
 in the schools of this locality and when old enough to handle a plow engaged in 
 farming on the home |)lace. After lie had thoroughly mastered the great variety 
 of knowledge with which an agriculturist must be conversant he engaged in till- 
 ing the fields on his own account. For this purpose he bought a farm from his 
 father. The house and barn had been erected before the place came into his 
 possession but all the other improvements were made 1)y him. He is exceptionally 
 successful in all the (Ic])artmcnts of general farming and pays much attention to 
 the raising of high-grade stock for shipment to the Chicago market. 
 
 On March 9, 1892. Mr. X'ance was united in marriage to Miss Lettie E. 
 Riner. a daughter of Matthew and Margaret (Wingader) Riner. residents of 
 this county. Mrs. Riner is a daughter of John Wingader and a native of Ger- 
 
MIS. AM) MUS. S. I.. \ AM K AM) SOX 
 
HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY 
 
 961 
 
 many. Unto Mr. and Mrs. Vance two children have been born: Carmon, who is 
 attending school in Yates City ; and Andrew, who is deceased. 
 
 In his political affiliations Mr. Vance is in sympathy with the principles of 
 the democratic party. Fraternally he is connected with the Independent Order 
 of Odd Fellows and the Modern Woodmen of America. Happy in disposition 
 and kind towards all, Mr. Vance has many friends in the community in which 
 he lives, having always been devoted to the interests promoting the general 
 welfare. 
 
 'AC 
 
 A. o. 
 
 A worthy representative of the agricultural interests of Victoria township is 
 to be found in the person of A. S. Rice, who owns two hundred acres of well 
 improved land, six miles north of Williamsfield. His birth occurred in Knox 
 county on the gth of December, 1858, his parents being S. F. and Harriett M. 
 (Aldridge) Rice, who are mentioned at greater length elsewhere in this work. 
 
 A. S. Rice passed the early years of his life similarly to other farmer lads 
 of the same period and circumstances. In the acquirement of an education he 
 attended the schools in his district, and such times as he was not thus occupied, 
 assisted with the lighter tasks about the home farm. His duties increased with 
 the development of his strength, and by the time he had attained his maturity he 
 was a capable agriculturist. Soon thereafter he located on the old farm of D. 
 Anderson, who broke the first prairie in Victoria township, coming to his present 
 place in 1892. This contains eighty acres of rich, fertile land, that has been 
 brought under high cultivation, while he also owns one hundred and twenty acres 
 two miles south. During the nineteen years of his residence, Mr. Rice has made 
 such improvements in the property from time to time as his circumstances war- 
 ranted. He has erected large barns, that provide ample shelter for his stock; 
 substantial outbuildings within which can be found all the usual modern imple- 
 ments that are required in the cultivation of the fields; and a comfortable farm 
 house. His fields are carefully cultivated and devoted to such cereals as are best 
 adapted to the soil, the greater portion of his products being used for the feeding 
 of stock, of which he has made a specialty for the last twenty-five years. Practi- 
 cal in his ideas and progressive in his methods, Mr. Rice is meeting with success 
 in his undertakings and is now numbered among the prosperous farmers of the 
 township. His success must be very largely attributed to his close application 
 and the intelligent direction of his activities, as he began his business career with- 
 out capital, other than his tireless energy and determination of purpose. His de- 
 velopment has not been at all phenomenal but the permanent, steady progress of 
 the man who wins his own way. 
 
 Mr. Rice's plans for a home of his own had their culmination in his marriage 
 to Miss Fffie Brown, of Flmwood, a daughter of Hiram Brown, a well known 
 pioneer of Elmwood. The family of Mr. and Mrs. Rice numbers five, as follows : 
 Harriett M., who married Frank Peterson, of Victoria township ; Mary, the wife . 
 of Edward Lapham ; Laura, who married Will Spangler of Oakland, California ; 
 
S:g \ HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY 
 
 Hiram, who married Anna Welsh, and lives on his father's farm ; and Annie, at 
 home. 
 
 The fraternal relations of Mr. Rice are confined to his membership in the 
 Modern Woodmen of America. He is a republican in politics and assumes his 
 responsibilities as a citizen by assisting with the government of the township. 
 He has several times been called to public office, having discharged the duties of 
 school director, while two years ago he was collector and he has been road com- 
 missioner. In the administration of his public duties he has manifested the same 
 executive ability and powers of organization, as well as method and system that 
 characterize him as a business man. Mr. Rice is held in high esteem and respect 
 in the community where he has resided for so many years, ever having evinced 
 during that period the substantial qualities that distinguish the best type of 
 citizens. ''V^' . ' , '''.,..,-.:'--.'''' ----v 
 
 : SAMUEL HARRY JOHNSON. -;-:': 
 
 Samuel Harry Johnson is one of the enterprising young men of Altona whose 
 success is due to his enterprise, diligence and determination. He is associated 
 with his brother, John A. Johnson, as clerk in the conduct of a grocery store and 
 has become widely and favorably known in this part of the county. He was ''/ 
 born in Altona, June 6, 1885, a son of Peter E. Johnson. His grandparents were ^. 
 John and Christina (Magnes) Johnson, farming people of Sweden, and in their 
 family were nine children, of whom seven are yet living. Peter E. Johnson, the 
 father of our subject, is now living in Altona. He was bom in Sweden, October 
 7, 1844, and came to America in i88i, at which time he settled in Bureau county, 
 Illinois, where he followed the occupation of farming. He also soon entered the 
 employ of the Chicago, Burlington & Quincy Railroad Company, with which he . 
 has since been associated. He resided for a time at Maiden, Illinois, and after- 
 ward came to Altona, where he did section work for the railroad until 1909, when 
 he was given the position of tower watchman near Altona. He was also at one 
 time employed in the coal mines. He married Mathilda Swanson, who was born . . 
 March 30, 1845, '" the same part of Sweden in which her husband's birth oc- 
 curred. She was a daughter of Swan Swanson and was only nine years of age ' 
 at the time of her mother's death. Mr. and Mrs. Peter Johnson crossed the At- 
 lantic on the same vessel and were married several months after their arrival. 
 
 Samuel Harry Johnson spent his youthful days in the place of his nativity 
 and the public schools afforded him his educational opportunities, after which he ; 
 entered the grocery business at Altona and is now assisting his brother as clerk 
 in the conduct of an establishment of this character. He looks after the well V 
 appointed store, in which they carry a large and carefully selected line of staple 
 and fancy groceries, and their trade is constantly increasing as the result of '\ 
 honorable dealing and earnest effort to please their customers. \-' 
 
 Mr. Johnson attends the Methodist church and is prominent in the Macca- 
 bees lodge at Altona, serving at the present time as its record keeper. He also 
 belongs to Woodmen Camp, No. 3737. at Altona, in which he has likewise filled 
 a number of offices. His name is also on the membership roll of the Odd Fel- 
 
: ; > X : HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY ; ^:; 953 
 
 lows lodge and he is vice president of the Altona Volunteer Fire Company. His 
 interest in all that pertains to public progress and improvement is deep and sin- 
 cere and is evidenced in the hearty cooperation which he gives to many move- 
 ments for the general good. 
 
 ; . ; CARL OSCAR JOHNSON. ' - . :; . v -'^^:: 
 
 /:. The name of Johnson is closely associated with mercantile interests in Altona, 
 where Carl Oscar Johnson is now engaged in clerking. He was born in Maiden, 
 Illinois, May lo, 1882, and is a son of P. E. Johnson and a brother of John 
 August and Samuel Harry Johnson, both of whom are mentioned elsewhere in 
 this volume. In his school days he engaged in clerking for his brother, with 
 whom he remained altogether for eleven years, after which he became connected 
 with H. L. Peterson, an Altona merchant, with whom he has since been asso- 
 ciated. 
 
 In community life Mr. Johnson figures quite prominently, being now well 
 known as second lieutenant of the Altona Fire Company, No. i. He is also 
 connected with Altona Tent, No. ii6, K. O. T. M., and is at present sergeant, 
 chaplain and finance keeper, in which offices he has served for two years. His 
 religious faith is that of the Swedish Lutheran church, in which he was /eared 
 The family have long been known in Altona and its representatives have taken 
 an active and helpful part in all the projects for public progress and are equally 
 well known in the social life of the town. . 
 
 '.-.- -^ ;;/;';; \,,,, :.;-., ..^, DAVID THOMPSON. /:^:;o: .;: .,:.. ' .;.::;. -.V;',. ;\^'' 
 
 General farming engaged the attention of David Thompson, who was a sub- 
 stantial farmer and representative citizen of Walnut Grove township, this county. 
 He was born in Elkhart, Indiana, on the 6th of December, 1835, a son of John 
 and Catherine (Livingston) Thompson, who were natives of Ohio. They 
 removed to Indiana, where they resided for a short time before coming to Knox 
 county, near Altona, where they engaged in agricultural pursuits. 
 
 David Thompson devoted practically his entire life to farming. During his 
 early days, while attending the district schools, he assisted his father and after- 
 ward gave his whole time and attention to the cultivation of the home property 
 before starting out independently. In 1862 he enlisted in Company G, Eighty- 
 ninth Regiment of Illinois Infantry, from Altona and was in the service for three 
 years, the greater part of which was devoted to duty on the forage wagon because 
 his health would not permit him to engage in actual fighting. Of his four 
 brothers who enlisted one was killed and one was wounded. 
 .' Mr. Thompson was married in 1868 to Catherine Richmond, who was born 
 near Wheeling, West Virginia, September 22, 1845, and is a daughter of Joseph 
 and Susan Richmond, the former also a native of West Virginia. She remained 
 at home after finishing her schooling until the time of her marriage. The father 
 
954 HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY ^':;^:-; 
 
 devoted the early part of his active career to farming and also to buying stock, 
 but later studied for the ministry and became a minister in the Methodist church. 
 The remainder of his life was devoted to preaching in his home district, where 
 he served as circuit rider over a district covering a radius of twenty-five miles. 
 He was married to Susan Chess, who was a daughter of Daniel Chess and whose 
 death occurred at the age of fifty-four years, near Columbus, Ohio. To this union 
 eight children were born, four of whom are now living: Mary, who is the wife 
 of Samuel McHard, of Aledo, Illinois; Mrs. Catherine Thompson, of Altona; 
 Clarinda, who was married to James Piatt, of Fort Collins, Colorado ; and George, 
 who is a resident of Oregon. To Mr. and Mrs. Thompson were born the fol- 
 lowing children : Joseph E., now a resident of Des Moines, Iowa ; Harry J., of 
 Valparaiso, Indiana ; Roy D., whose home is in Greeley, Colorado ; William, a 
 farmer living at Altona; Susan, the deceased wife of Charles Sawyer; John, 
 deceased; and May Bell, the wife of David N. McMaster, of Walnut Grove 
 township. 
 
 Mr. Thompson took an active interest in the Democratic party to which he 
 gave his allegiance and did all he could to promote its measures and policies. His 
 interest in the development of the educational and industrial projects instituted in 
 his district and his executive ability in furthering these movements were recog- 
 nized and given opportunity for expression while he was a member of the school 
 board and while he served as president of the Grange, his term of office following 
 immediately after its organization. He was a substantial citizen who merited the 
 respect and confidence of the entire community and his later prosperity and the 
 comfortable life which Mrs. Thompson is now living were both due to his own 
 exertions, his indefatigable labor and his careful management. He was not only 
 industrious and enterprising but was also a man of high moral character and was 
 highly esteemed both as a farmer and a citizen throughout his township. His 
 death occurred September ii, 1894. . , : . 
 
 ' :,'-;\7. RICHARD C. STUCKE Y. :;;;; ;.;>:: ^ 
 
 Richard C. Stuckey, now deceased, was a resident of Altona after his retire- 
 ment from his farm in Walnut Grove township. He was born March 12, 1833, 
 in Bedford county, Pennsylvania, and was a son of Charles Stuckey, who was a 
 native of Germany and came to America in his youth. The latter married 
 Rebecca Silver and remained on his farm in Pennsylvania until his death in 1872, 
 at the age of seventy-two years. He was one of eight children, of whom six sur- 
 vive, three sons and three daughters, namely : Mrs. Annie S. Guthrie, of Denver, 
 Colorado; Mrs. Emma M. Scott, of Iowa; Mrs. Amanda Toles, of Denver, 
 Colorado; Simon H. Stuckey, of California; William A. Stuckey, of Fairmont, 
 Nebraska; and Charles Scott Stuckey. of Bedford county, Pennsylvania. 
 
 After completing his education in the district schools, Richard Stuckey 
 assisted his father for a few years and in May, 1853, at the age of twenty-one 
 years, came to Knox county with a colony of settlers. He located on the farm 
 upon which he remained until his retirement in 1897. During these years he was 
 actively -engaged in cultivating and developing the land which brought him suf- 
 
^; V , V ;-: HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY ; ;V*> 955 
 
 ficient remuneration to give him the opportunity of enjoying leisure and com- 
 fort in his, later years. When he left the farm he moved to Altona, where his 
 death occurred on the 8th of October, 1910. 
 
 In February, 1859, Richard Stuckey was married to Mary Timmons, whose 
 birth occurred on the 29th of February, 1836, in Madison county, Ohio, and who 
 is the daughter of Thomas Timmons of Carlisle, Pennsylvania. The father was 
 born in 1800 and his death occurred in 1863. He was the son of Peter and 
 Margaret (Beth) Timmons, the former a soldier in the war of 1812. Thomas 
 Timmons spent his active life in agricultural pursuits, his early days being spent 
 in farming and teaming in his native state. In 1833 he removed to Ohio, where 
 he devoted his entire time to the cultivation of the farm upon which he located. 
 He was especially interested in providing for the comforts and pleasures of his 
 family. He married Hanna Peoples who died in 1854 at the age of forty-eight 
 years. She was also a native of Pennsylvania and was a daughter of Richard 
 and Ann (Longstretcht) Peoples, the former being an agriculturist. To them 
 ten children were born, three of whom survive: Rebecca, who is the wife of H. 
 Alder, of West Jefferson, Ohio; Laura, who married F. A. Kelly and is also a 
 resident of West Jefferson ; and Mrs. Mary Stuckey. 
 
 To Mr. and Mrs. Stuckey the following children were bom: Laura, the 
 eldest, is the wife of O. Preston of Monmouth, Illinois, and they are the parents 
 of two children, namely: Edith, the wife of A. Miller, of Monmouth, and the 
 mother of two children ; and Earl Preston, who is residing at home. Eugene H. 
 Stuckey, who is residing in Madison county, Ohio, and is married to Ruth 
 Timmons. Richard C. Jr., who married Elsa Monfort, has two children and is 
 residing in Columbus, Ohio. Ned S. is cultivating the old homestead upon 
 which he resides. He married Nellie Chapman and to them two children have 
 been bom, Nellie I. and Jessie M., Frank Charles, William A., Silvia and May 
 are deceased. 
 
 Mr. Stuckey gave his politcal support to the republican party and was most 
 active in promoting its policies and in working for the support of its men and 
 measures. Mrs. Stuckey is a member of the Presbyterian church of Altona, and 
 for twenty years has been an active worker in the Ladies Social Union of that 
 church, having been one of its original members. Mr. Stuckey's life exemplified 
 what can be done when unremitting energy, persistency of purpose and conscien- 
 tious labor are displayed in the development of a new territory. His integrity 
 and fairness in all business operations as well as his active interest in any move- 
 ments pertaining to the moral and social development of his community won for 
 him the respect and regard of his fellow citizens. 
 
 :.;.>''', ,,':::'', .'/.-, 'j^-/'-:^;':: C. H. PUIJVER,:^ ':::: ' '<- ^^ ;'.'.{ /--^^AV 
 
 -. _ C. H. Pulver has devoted his energies during the greater part of the twenty- 
 four years he has resided in Williamsfield to contracting and building, although 
 for a time he conducted a general mercantile establishment. He was born in 
 Minnesota in 1862, his parents being S. W. and Jeannette (Doty) Pulver. The 
 father was bom in the state of New York in 1825, and there he was reared and 
 
956 HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY "^ ^^ :! - 
 
 educated and also learned the carpenter's trade. In his early manhood he came 
 to the middle west, following his trade at various points in Minnesota and Illi- 
 nois, finally settling at Williamsfield. Here he passed the remainder of his life, -^ 
 his death occurring at the residence of his son. C. H. Pulver, in 1904. / 
 
 C. H. Pulver was only a babe of three days when his people removed from 
 Minnesota. He attended the common schools until it was deemed he had suffi- 
 cient education to fit himself for a vocation, when he laid aside his books and 
 learned the carpenter's trade under the direction of his father. When he was 
 twenty-seven, he came to Williamsfield, erecting the first building in the town. _: 
 Carpentering and contracting thereafter engaged his attention for many years, . 
 yielding him satisfactory returns. He at one time withdrew from this vocation, , 
 however, and went into the general merchandise business, but subsequently ;! 
 returned to the contracting business. Mr. Pulver is a good mechanic and a ca- ^ 
 pable business man with thoroughly practical ideas that he intelligently carries 
 out in the construction of his buildings. He has succeeded in his undertakings 
 here largely because he has always been found reliable and trustworthy in all of 
 his transactions. It has been one of his principles during his entire business .. 
 career not to make a promise he could not fulfill, at the same time he will noi : 
 compromise on the quality of his work in order to do this. 
 
 On June 26, 1890, Mr. Pulver married Miss Kate Cole, and they are tht V 
 parents of two children: Mary J., born June 19, 1891; and Doris, born October, 
 1897. Three children, a son and two daughters, have passed away. 
 
 Fraternally Mr. Pulver is affiliated with the Masons, Knights of Pythias and 
 Independent Order of Odd Fellows, while he votes the republican ticket. He has 
 always taken active interest in local political affairs and is now discharging the 
 duties of supervisor. He was elected to this office in April, 1909, and was the 
 on'y successful republican candidate, the remainder of the ticket all having gone 
 democratic, this fact attesting his popularity in the community generally, and 
 the efficiency with which he has filled other offices. During the greater part of 
 his residence in Williamsfield, Mr. Pulver has been connected with the govern- . 
 ment of the town, having filled among others the offices of town clerk and tax 
 collector. He is held in high respect in the community, having shown himself to 
 be conscientious and honorable in the discharge of public duties, and reliable and 
 trustworthy in business transactions. . . : . , ~;: .'. '' " , ' . 
 
 ^ ' .];:'.-.; - T. w. RAY. -' ' ' ,/;.;/:;;;:':..;;. 
 
 T. W. Ray, the owner of one hundred and fifty acres of fertile land in Truro 
 township that he devotes to general farming, was bom on a farm in Victoria 
 township, Knox county, in 1853. His father, L. D. Ray, was a native of Pennsyl- 
 vania, whence he removed in his early manhood to Illinois, locating in this 
 county. Here he met and subsequently married Mary A. Sweeney, the mother 
 of our subject, and a native of Vermont. L. D. Ray was an agriculturist and 
 for many years resided on a farm in Victoria township, to the cultivation and 
 improvement of which he devoted his entire time and attention until his demise 
 at the age of fifty-four years. The family of Mr. and Mrs. Ray numbered five. 
 
HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY V ,; 967 
 
 our subject being the second in order of birth. The others are as follows : Wil- 
 liam H., who is a farmer in Victoria township ; one who died in infancy ; Addie, 
 the wife of Frank Lapham, and Clarence, who is operating the old home place 
 in Victoria township. ' : 
 
 The schooling of T. W. Ray was obtained in his home district, and when he 
 had mastered the common branches the duties of the schoolroom gave way to 
 those of the field. He thereafter gave his undivided attention to the plowing, 
 planting and harvesting of the fields and care of the stock, his responsibilities 
 increasing as his strength and ability developed with the passing of time. At the 
 age of nine he plowed his first field of corn, and has performed a like task each 
 recurring season since then. He remained on the old homestead, with the opera- 
 tion of which he assisted his father, until he was twenty-five. Feeling at the end 
 of that time that his own best interests demanded that he begin working for 
 himself, he removed to this township, his entire life having been passed here and 
 in Victoria townships with the exception of two years, when he engaged in farm- 
 ing in Nebraska. In 1902, Mr. Ray bought his present place, containing one 
 hundred and fifty acres of land, located three miles northwest of Williamsfield. 
 Since becoming the owner of this property he has fenced the land and made all 
 of the improvements, including the erection of good, substantial bams and out- 
 buildings. He is an industrious man of practical ideas and progressive methods 
 and has assiduously applied himself to bringing the soil under high cultivation. 
 His fields are devoted to diversified farming in connection with which he raises 
 cattle. He is meeting with success in both lines of his business and annually 
 harvests abundant crops that net him a good dividend on his labor. 
 
 Mr. Ray completed his arrangements for a home of his own when he mar- 
 ried Miss Ellen Lapham, who was born and reared in Knox county, being a 
 native of this township. Mr. and Mrs. Ray have but one child living, Meta, who 
 married Carl Rice, a son of John Rice. 
 
 Fraternally Mr. Ray is a Mason, and his political allegiance is given to the 
 republican party. He takes an active interest in all local affairs and has held 
 various township offices. His entire life has been spent in the community, where 
 he now lives and among whose citizens he nvunbers many stanch friends, whom 
 he has known since boyhood. 
 
 -. : ANDREW HAWKINSON.;: v 
 
 Andrew Hawkinson, devoting his time and attention to general farming on 
 section 35, Henderson township, where he is also making a specialty of the rais- 
 ing of Poland China hogs, was born in Skone, in the southern part of Sweden, 
 July 20, 1864. His parents, Hawkin and Anna (Anderson) Johnson, were also 
 natives of Sweden, where the father engaged in farming throughout his entire, 
 life. He never came to America, remaining always a resident of Sweden to 
 the time of his death, which occurred in 1890. His religious faith was evi- 
 denced in his membership in the Swedish Lutheran church. 
 : Andrew Hawkinson, who was the seventh in order of birth in a family of 
 eight children, acquired a common-school education in his native land and when 
 
958 HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY 
 
 still a young lad began working on the farm for his father, but from time to 
 time he heard interesting reports concerning America and its advantages, and 
 in March, 1884, when in his twentieth year, he sailed for the new world. After 
 spending three years in Bureau county, where he worked as a farm hand, he 
 came to Galesburg and has since lived in Knox county. Since 1887 he has made 
 his home upon the farm which is now his place of residence. It was then the 
 property of Henry Sisson, for whom he worked until 1895, when he began 
 farming on his own account. He has always carried on general agricultural 
 pursuits, cultivating the crops best adapted to the soil and climate, and in addi- 
 tion to his property on section 35, Henderson township, where he is cultivating 
 three hundred and twenty acres of land, he owns a farm in the same township 
 of one hundred and five acres which he rents. Stock-raising has always been 
 made a feature of his place, special attention being given to the raising of 
 thoroughbred Poland China hogs. To this he has given particular attention since 
 the retirement of Mr. Sisson and has made it a profitable branch of his business. 
 
 On the 4th of April, 1895, Mr. Hawkinson was united in marriage to Miss 
 Betsy Nelson, a daughter of Nels and Nellie (Bengtson) Nelson and a grand-" 
 daughter of Peter Nelson, who was a native of Sweden and in that country spent 
 his entire life, devoting his time and energies to the occupation of farming 
 The parents of Mrs. Hawkinson were also life-long residents of Sweden but 
 she came from her native land to America in 1887, living with relatives up to 
 the time of her marriage. Unto Mr. and Mrs. Hawkinson have been born three 
 children : Anna Matilda, now deceased ; Harold, who is attending high school in 
 Galesburg; and Helen Elizabeth. 
 
 Both Mr. and Mrs. Hawkinson hold membership in the Lutheran church 
 and his study of the political questions and issues of the day has led him to g^ve 
 his support to the republican party. He has served as school director and is 
 interested in the cause of education, recognizing the fact that thorough school 
 training constitutes the bulwark of the nation. He has never had occasion to 
 regret his determination to come to the new world, for he here found the oppor- 
 tunities which he sought and in their utilization has worked his way steadily 
 upward, overcoming all difficulties and obstacles in his path until he is now 
 ranked with the substantial farmers of Henderson township. 
 
 ;;;;..:'<;}"'/'.. '" ' J. w. MILES. '^''- -'';:"'-*;- ^r^V' ::.;.:.- 
 
 J. w. Miles, who resides on an attractive farm of eighty acres located on sec- 
 tion 34, Persifer township, was born on the place where he now resides on March 
 6, 1864, his parents being R. W. and Mary Jane (Bruce) Miles. His father was 
 born in Athens, Ohio, and when old enough to begin his education entered the 
 schools of Newark, that state, which he attended until he was fourteen. He then 
 accompanied his parents, S. S. and Eliza Ann (Gilmore) Miles, on their removal 
 to Knox county. They first located a mile west of Gilson, where they remained 
 for two years, when in 1838 they went to Haw Creek township. At the expiration 
 of a year they removed to the farm where our subject now resides, the family 
 home being a log cabin. This property has ever since been in the possession of 
 
Rl-FL'8 MILES 
 
958 HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY ' 
 
 still a young lad began working on the farm for his father, but from time to 
 time he heard interesting reports concerning America and its advantages, and 
 in March, 1884, vvlien in his twentieth year, he sailed for the new world. After 
 spending three years in Bureau county, where he worked as a farm hand, he 
 came to Galesburg and has since lived in Knox county. Since 1887 he has made 
 his home upon the fanii which is now his place of residence. It was then the 
 property of Henry Sisson, for wliom lie worked until 1895, when he began 
 farming on his own account. He has always carried on general agricultural 
 pursuits, cultivating the crops best adapted to the soil and climate, and in addi- 
 tion to his property on section 35, Henderson township, where he is cultivating 
 three hundred and twenty acres of land, he owns a farm in the same township 
 of one himdred and five acres which he rents. Stock-raising has always been 
 made a feature of his place, special attention being given to the raising of 
 thoroughbred Poland China hogs. To this he has given particular attention since 
 the retirement of Mr. Sisson and has made it a profitable branch of his business. 
 
 On the 4th of April. 1895, Mr. Hawkinson was united in marriage to Miss 
 Betsy Xelson. a daugliter of Xels and Xellie (Bengtson) Xelson and a grand- 
 daughter of Peter Xelson, who was a native of Sweden and in that country spent 
 his entire life, devoting his time and energies to the occupation of farming 
 Tlie parents of Mrs. Hawkinson were also life-long residents of Sweden but 
 she came from her native land to America in 1887, living with relatives up to 
 the time of her marriage. Unto Mr. and Mrs. Hawkinson have been born three 
 children : Anna Matilda, now deceased ; Harold, who is attending high school in 
 Galesburg; and Helen Elizabeth. 
 
 Both Mr. and Mrs. Hawkinson hold membership in the Lutheran church 
 and his study of the political questions and issues of the day has led him to give 
 his support to the republican party. He has served as school director and is 
 interested in the cause of education, recognizing the fact that thorough school 
 training constitutes the bulwark of the nation. He has never had occasion to 
 regret his determination to come to the new world, for he here found the oppor- 
 tunities which he sought and in their utilization has worked his way steadily 
 upward, overcoming all difficulties and obstacles in his path until he is now 
 ranked with the substantial farmers of Henderson townshi]). 
 
 ^ : . . J. W. MILES. 
 
 J. W. Miles, who resides on an attractive farm of eighty acres located on sec- 
 tion 34, Persifer township, was born on the place where he now resides on March 
 6. 1864, his parents being R. \V. and Mary Jane (Bruce) Miles. His father was 
 born in Athens, Ohio, and when old enough to begin his education entered the 
 schools of Newark, that state, which he attended until he was fourteen. He then 
 accompanied his parents, S. S. and Eliza Ann (Gilmore) Miles, on their removal 
 to Knox county. They first located a mile west of Gilson, where they remained 
 for two years, when in 1838 they went to Haw Creek township. At the expiration 
 of a year they removed to the farm where our subject now resides, the family 
 home being a log cabin. Tliis property has ever since been in the possession of 
 
S MILKS 
 
: : ;;^; y. ; ;: HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY ; ^^ 961 
 
 the family and there the grandfather passed away in 1876 at the age of eighty-two 
 years. The grandmother survived for four years thereafter, her death occurring 
 when she was eighty. They were both laid to rest in the Russell cemetery, Haw 
 Creek township. R. W. Miles completed his education at Knox College, subse- 
 quently returning to the old farm, where he devoted his attention to agricultural 
 pursuits during the entire period of his active life, with the exception of a little 
 over a year spent in the gold mines of California. He was captain of a company 
 of twenty- four from near his home who started April ii, 1850, on the western 
 trip by the overland route and returned in June, 1851, by way of Panama.. He 
 was very successful in his agricultural undertakings and made extensive improve- 
 ments on the place, making it one of the valuable properties of the township. 
 Progressive and public-spirited, he took an actiye and helpful interest in all com- 
 munity matters, particularly those of a political nature. He twice represented 
 his district in the state legislature, serving one term in 1858 and another in 1878, 
 while for twenty years he was a supervisor in Persifer township. Educational 
 matters particularly were given much of his attention, and for many years he was 
 a member of the board of education, and during the early days he was township 
 teachers' examiner. He also served as clerk of the township and justice of the 
 peace and for two years he served as appointee on the board of equalization, and 
 twice was elected for a term of four years each to this board. The mother was 
 a native of Vermont and a daughter of Silas and Hannah Dunham (Scott) Bruce, 
 who about 1844 located on a farm on section 35, Knox township. In matters 
 of faith the parents were Presbyterians, Grandfather Miles having been a minister 
 of that denomination before coming to Illinois, while politically Mr. Miles was a 
 stanch republican. He passed away at the age of seventy-two and the mother at 
 sixty-four, both being laid to rest in Russell cemetery. Haw Creek township. Of 
 their marriage there were born seven children, our subject being the sixth in order 
 of birth. The others are as follows : Lucy, who married Charles L. Mastin, of 
 York county, Nebraska ; Hannah Eliza, the wife of R. R. Buckley, of Knoxville ; 
 Emma M., who is also a resident of Knoxville; James H., who was drowned at 
 the old Whitton mill site at the Fort Wallace ford before he was twenty-one; 
 Rufus, who lived on the old farm until his marriage, when he went to York 
 county, Nebraska, where two years later, in 1904, he passed away and is buried 
 at York, Nebraska; and M. Jennie, the youngest member of the family, who is 
 living at Knoxville. All were born on the old homestead in Persifer township and 
 were given the advantages of a good education. 
 
 The youthful years of J. VV. Miles were not particularly different from those 
 of other lads of the same period and circumstances. At the usual age he entered 
 the common schools, where he procured his preliminary education and subse- 
 quently graduated from Knox College in 1889. Having decided on an agricultu- 
 ral career in preference to either professional or commercial pursuits he returned 
 to his father's farm. He attentively applied himself to assisting with the work of 
 the fields and the care of the stock, thus obtaining a thorough knowledge of the 
 practical methods of agriculture and stock-raising, until his marriage. Subse- 
 quent to this event he located on section 33, Persifer township, where he resided 
 for five years, at the expiration of which period he returned to the old farm. 
 Here he has ever since resided, devoting his entire attention to its further improve- 
 ment. He is one of the extensive farmers of the township, owning four hundred 
 
 Vol. n 44 
 
HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY ' 
 
 /; and sixty acres of land. His fields are operated in strict accordance to tiie more 
 
 'progressive methods of modern agriculture, every detail connected with the till- 
 
 ; ing of the soil or the gathering of the crops being given his personal supervision. 
 
 ' For his wife Mr. Miles chose Miss Mary Elizabeth Derham, who was bom in 
 
 Bristol, England, on the 2d of November, 1863, and is a daughter of John and 
 
 Elizabeth (Pitt) Derham, who are residing in Bristol. Of the union of Mr. and 
 
 Mrs. Miles there have been born two children, James Rufus and Phyllis M. 
 
 : A.- The family attend the Presbyterian church in Knoxville, in which the parents 
 
 hold membership, and Mr. Miles is superintendent of the home Sunday school. 
 
 ' His political support he gives to the republican party and he is now serving in the 
 
 . , capacity of both township clerk and treasurer. Mr. Miles is numbered among 
 
 the substantial citizens of his community, where he is held in high regard and has 
 
 a large circle of friends. . : . ': ^ ; ' ' ; 
 
 ;::;/ DAVID NELSON MCMASTER. v 
 
 David Nelson McMaster, who is residing on his farm in" Walnut Grove Town- 
 ship, was born in Knox county on January i8, 1865, ^"^ Js the son of John 
 McMaster, a prominent farmer who is living in Altona, and of whose life a 
 sketch appears elsewhere in this volume. 
 
 In his youth David McMaster attended the schools in his district and assisted 
 his father on the home farm which was one of the best developed and most highly 
 productive properties in the tovvnship. In the discharge of these duties he 
 showed a ready and willing spirit and a keen appreciation of the principles of 
 agriculture which were at that time proving so successful. After he farmed 
 independently he put much of his past experience into practice and at the same 
 time advanced with the age, becoming one of the progressive fanners of the 
 township. ;: J ^; 
 
 On the gth of December, 1896, Mr. McMaster was married to May Bell 
 Thompson. She was born on the 22nd of April, 1869, on the old Thompson 
 homestead in Walnut Grove township, and is the daughter of Mr. and Mrs. 
 David Thompson. The father was born December 6, 1835, and died September 
 II, 1894, at the age of fifty-eight years and nine months. Her uncle, John 
 Thompson, was the first white child born in Knox county. He came to Knox 
 county with his wife, Catherine Livingston, and located at Altona, Illinois, where 
 they were among the first settlers. David Thompson removed to Altona, Knox 
 county, from Ohio, when a mere boy. His whole life has been spent in farming 
 in this region. He was married to Catherine Richmond, whose birth occurred in 
 West Virginia, on the 22nd of September, 1845. She is the daughter of Joseph 
 and Susan Richmond, the former having been in the service in the Civil war for 
 three years after his enlistment in 1862 in Company G of the Eighty-ninth Regi- 
 ' ment under Captain Whiting. Although he contracted a serious illness during 
 the war he still -remained with his regiment, serving as teamster until his time 
 expired. After he was mustered out of service he returned to his farm and 
 entered actively into the work of its cultivation and development. He gave his 
 political allegiance to the democratic party, but never held office. 
 
; -'j .- ^X HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY - \:;':; 968 
 
 ; . In the family of Mr. and Mrs. Thompson were the following children: 
 Joseph E., who is living in Des Moines, Iowa; Harry J., a resident of Val- 
 paraiso, Indiana ; Roy D., whose home is in Greeley, Colorado ; William, a fanner 
 living at Altona; Susan, the deceased wife of Charles Sawyer; John, deceased; 
 and May Bell, who is now the wife of Mr. McMaster and remained at home 
 until the time of her marriage. She is an active and helpful member of the 
 Presbyterian church at Altona and belongs to its Ladies Aid Society. 
 
 Mr. McMaster also holds membership in the church and is an exemplary rep- ; 
 resentative of the Masonic fraternity, his membership being in Altona Lodge, 
 No. 330, F. & A. M. His political allegiance is given to the republican party, but 
 he has never been a seeker after public office. The cause of education finds in 
 him a warm friend, and he is now serving as president of the township school 
 board. In many ways, however, he has displayed his loyalty to the best interests 
 of the community, and that he is a citizen of enterprise is indicated in the fact 
 that he has not confined his attention alone to the work of the farm but has . 
 extended his efforts to other lines in which the public has been a direct bene- ' ; 
 ficiary. Realizing how valuable telephone service would be to the farming com- V 
 munity he joined with others in organizing the Farmers' Telephone Company ; 
 of which he is the president, and he is also the president of the Farmers' Grain 
 Association. His ability as a business man is thus attested, and at the same time 
 his labors have proven an element of public convenience and prosperi^ as well :-; 
 as a source of individual success. ; . -;. i -.:-- .\. 
 
 ; ' :V :' JAMES REBSTOCK. ;;:^: 
 
 Among Illinois' fast diminishing ranks of Civil war veterans James Rebstock, a : 
 retired farmer of Knox county, is well known as a man whose unwavering courage 
 and loyal service when a private won for him not only the admiration of his fellow 
 soldiers, but the recognition of President Lincoln, who bestowed upon him the rank 
 of first lieutenant of the Eighth United States Artillery. James Rebstock was only 
 twenty-one years old when the war broke out, his birth having occurred March 14, v 
 1839, in Tuscarawas county, Ohio. ' 
 
 Left an orphan at the age of seven James Rebstock experienced some lonely - 
 years in which he was buffeted about by fate, living with various people at differ- ' 
 ent times and in various kinds of homes. He did succeed, however, in obtaining 
 something of an education, desultory though it was, attending school in Ohio, in 
 Indiana and lastly in Illinois, in which places he made his home successively. At ' 
 the outbreak of the Civil war he enlisted in Company G, Eighty-third Illinois Vol- 
 unteer Infantry, and served two years and five days as a private, being then com- y 
 missioned by President Lincoln first lieutenant in the Eighth United States Artil- v 
 lery. He was mustered out March 13, 1866, when he was discharged at Louisville, 
 Kentucky, and then returned to Gilson, Illinois, where he followed farming. In 
 1867 he acquired the farm on which he is now living retired and now owns alto- / 
 gether three hundred and fifty acres on section 8, in Haw Creek township, Knox ;= 
 county. This he cultivated with much care and by the use of progressive methods ' 
 of tilling the soil and of practicing scientific economy he was enabled to make a ^- 
 
964 HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY 
 
 comfortable living and also to save enough to permit him to retire and enjoy the 
 fruits of his long-continued and faithful labors. He has his farming done by a 
 tenant and devotes himself to the many interests which claim his attention in mili- 
 tary and educational circles and as stockholder of the First National Bank of 
 Maquon, Illinois. : : ''L'.';. :-;-; v ; ' :: 
 
 In July, 1866, one year before he became the owner of his present farm, Mr. 
 Rebstock was united in the bonds of matrimony to Mrs. Salinda (Lotts) Pick- 
 rel. She was a daughter of Isaac Lotts of Haw Creek township, and the widow 
 of Solomon Pickrel and was born June 24, 1830. By her union with Mr. Pickrel 
 there were five children, all of whom are living. They are Minerva, Amarillis, 
 Marshall, Stephen S., and Solomon Pickrel. There were no children born of her 
 union with Mr. Rebstock. Mrs. Rebstock belonged to the Methodist Episcopal 
 church in which she was an earnest worker. After a life well spent in service 
 to others and in the administration of her home she passed away January 20, 
 1911, at the age of eighty years, six months and twenty-six days, and was laid to 
 rest in the Gilson cemetery. 
 
 In his political views James Rebstock is a republican and has been chosen 
 by his party to the office of supervisor which he held for twenty-four years, being 
 for five years of this time the chairman of the board of supervisors of Haw 
 Creek township. He was also elected to other offices which he filled with honor, 
 and is the president of the Haw Creek township high school board. In his 
 religious faith he is a loyal worshiper in the Methodist Episcopal church to which 
 he belongs. He is well known in military organizations of the state and is a 
 member of the George N. Trafton Post, G. A. R., of Knoxville, Illinois. 
 
 An interesting document that throws light on James Rebstock's military 
 career and also settles a long disputed point of controversy is an affidavit drawn 
 up by J. N. Hogue in which he answers the question : "Who fired .the first siege 
 gun at Fort Donelson on the I3th of February, 1862." "I, J. N. Hogue of Bur- 
 chard, Nebraska, late member of Company B, Eighty-third Illinois Infantry, do 
 hereby certify that James Rebstock. of Company G. of the Eighty-third Illinois 
 Infantry, filled the position of No. 3 on siege gun No. 32, on February 13, 1862, 
 at the battle of Fort Donelson in Tennessee and fired that day and he also fired it 
 when two rebels were killed at the muzzle of the gun on said day. I, J. N. 
 Hog^e, was gimner at the time and know all the circumstances of the above 
 statement. .'.-.- '''''''.;--: :. /. "':f.-^ ''-^'.'''^- ] -^ . 
 
 J. N. HOGUE." ^i' 
 
 Subscribed and sworn before me this 3d day of January, 1899. 
 : HENRY N. FALLERS, Notary Public. 
 
 .;>: GEORGE M. SORNBORGER. - ^ 
 
 '-' ' . "'C't ''-'". *,*''.,.-. 
 
 To win recognition as a valiant soldier, as a prosperous farmer and as a 
 capable merchant shows not only versatility, but also indicates the adaptability 
 and concentrated effort which compel success. For this reason George M. 
 Sornborger who has distinguished himself in such a varied record commands 
 our unqualified admiration. A native of Victoria township, Knox county, he 
 
' > 'v^ : HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY -;;;v 965 
 
 has remained a resident of this county all his life, and for the last fifteen years 
 has lived in Victoria, Copley township, where he is engaged in the mercantile 
 business. He was born April i, 1841, a son of Anson Sornborger, who moved 
 from his native place, Dutchess county. New York, in the year 1838, coming 
 with his parents to Victoria township, Knox county, Illinois. Like his father 
 he followed farming as a pursuit, buying sixty acres of land in 1842. He sold 
 this after a time and in 1849 bought another farm near Copley, where he lived 
 till the end. He married Miss Catherine VVilber, also a native of Dutchess 
 county. New York, and who accompanied Martin Van Buren's family to Illinois, 
 where they settled in Victoria township when she was a young girl. She was a 
 daughter of John Wilber and Dorothy (Freimeyer) Wilber. Of the family of 
 Mr. and Mrs. Anson Sornborger, George M., the subject of this biography, and 
 two brothers survive: F. W. Sornborger, who lives in Geddes, South Da- 
 kota; and Charles, residing in Victoria township. The grandfather, George 
 Sornborger, was born in Holland and came to this country with his parents dur- . 
 ing colonial times. His wife was Miss Catherine Wolcott, of English lineage. 
 By occupation he was a farmer and mechanic and during the Revolution took 
 up arms in the cause of freedom. He is buried in Victoria cemetery, Knox 
 county, the only Revolutionary war hero in any cemetery in this part of the 
 county. His death occurred in 1840. 
 
 George M. Sornborger had a common-school education. At twenty-one he 
 enlisted in the Eighty-third Illinois Infantry from Knox county, under the com- 
 mand of Colonel Harding of Monmouth, Illinois, a company which remained 
 with General Grant for three years. Mr. Sornborger remained until their fa- 
 mous engagement at Fort Donelson, afterward becoming ill with pneumonia 
 and on that account he had to be discharged after serving eleven months and 
 seventeen days. He returned home and when sufficiently recovered to work, he 
 took up farming and followed this for more than thirty years. He owned his 
 farm and made a comfortable income in general farming and cattle raising. - 
 During this time he saw the wild prairies of Illinois transformed into beautiful 
 tracts of cultivated land and the old difficult methods of transportation replaced 
 by the railroads built through aknost every county of the state. His father used 
 to tell of the early hardships and difficulties with which the farmers had to 
 contend, how, for example, he took his grain clear in to the Chicago markets 
 by team and there sold it for fifty cents a bushel. In 1896 George M. Sorn- .' ,; 
 borger sold of his land, one hundred and sixty of his two hundred acres. His 
 sons Claude and Floyd are now operating the old farm. Upon his withdrawal', 
 'from agricultural labors he removed to Victoria and opened a general merchan-,,- ; 
 dise store which he has conducted since 1896. "^ "' J *' ^ '. ; 
 
 The marriage of Mr. George M. Sornborger and Miss Frances E. Suydam 
 occurred October 12, 1865. Born in New York state, she was a daughter of . 
 John G. and Henrietta (Cholette) Suydam. who removed from New York to 
 Victoria township, this county, in 1849. Mr. Suydam enlisted in the Eighty- 
 third Illinois Infantry, the same company to which Mr. Sornborger belonged, 
 and died for the Union June 6, 1863. Miss Frances E. Suydam's paternal . 
 grandparents were Mr. and Mrs. Abraham (Smith) Suydam, natives of New 
 York, while those on the mother's side were D. C. and Sarah (Mire) Cholette. 
 
966 HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY " - 
 
 Eight children were born to Mr. and Mrs. George M. Sornborger, all of 
 whom are living. They are: Clarence T., aged forty-four, who is married to . 
 Anna Doak and operates a farm in Copley township ; George A., who is married 
 to Nellie Hanson and lives in Copley township; Lolette Kate, residing at Ne- 
 koma, Illinois, the wife of W. Woodcock, and mother of two children, Ross : 
 and Bertha; Mary, the wife of Alfred Sanquist, who resides in Victoria town- 
 ship; Claude and Floyd, who live on their father's old place, the latter being 
 married to Edith Johnson, of which union there is one child; Grace, the wife 
 of C. A. Carlson, a farmer of Victoria township, and the mother of two chil- 
 dren, Doris M. and Charles William ; Fern, who is the wife of Emery Anderson, 
 a farmer, of Dakota and has three children, \'era C., Clarence G. and Maurice G. 
 
 George M. Sornborger is well known in military organizations of the state, 
 being a member of P. G. Tate Post No. 678, G. A. R., of Victoria, Illinois, and 
 is now serving as commander of that post for his second term. From the time 
 of casting his first vote, which was for Abraham Lincoln, he has been a con- 
 sistent republican in his political faith and has been elected to office several 
 times, once as assessor and for two terms as collector. Mr. Sornborger is a 
 man of genial temperament and in his public and private relations has never 
 failed to adhere to the principles of honor and truth which have constituted his 
 guiding rule of life. 
 
 ' ;V> WILLIAM HENRY GIBBS/; /;-;- 
 
 ,' ' 1 ' . . . - ''-- '' ' 
 
 William Henry Gibbs, a well known citizen of Galva, Illinois, is a native of 
 Knox county, his birth occurring in Lynn township, January 27, 1843. He 
 comes of a family of Quaker origin, which was founded in America at the time 
 William Penn and his colony settled in Pennsylvania. Our subject's paternal 
 grandfather, Martin Gibbs, was a native of Camden county. New Jersey, in 
 which state he engaged in the sawmill business prior to coming to Illinois with 
 'the father of our subject in September, 1838. They located upon what became 
 known as the old Gibbs homestead in Lynn township, Knox county. Here the 
 grandfather erected a sawmill in 1849 and engaged in its operation. He and 
 his son occupied a double log house during those pioneer days. He married 
 Hannah Beck and they were prominently identified with the early development 
 of this section of the state. 
 
 Jonathan Gibbs, the father of our subject, was born in Camden county, 
 New Jersey, December 22, 1808, and remained with his parents until he had 
 attained his majority, when he commenced learning the glass-blower's trade, 
 following that occupation for nine years. As previously stated, he came to 
 Knox county in September, 1838, and upon the home farm in Lynn township 
 spent the remainder of his life. In connection with farming he assisted in the 
 operation of the sawmill, which was the first erected in his part of the county. 
 On coming to this state he was accompanied by his wife and one child, for he 
 had previously married Tamar Norcross on the I4th of August, 1832. She 
 was bom May ii, 1812, and was a daughter of Joseph and Martha (Duball) 
 Norcross, being one of their seven children. Her death occurred July 15, 1900. 
 
:: , -? V HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY v V 
 
 To Mr. and Mrs. Jonathan Gibbs were born nine children, of whom four are 
 still living, namely: Phoebe, the wife of A. O. Bradley, of La Fayette, Illinois; 
 Qayton A., who is connected with the Hayes Works at Galva; Richard F., of 
 Lynn township; and William Henry, of this review. Jonathan Gibbs died 
 September i6, 1889. 
 
 William H. Gibbs was reared and educated in much the usual manner of 
 farmer boys and remained under the parental roof until twenty-two years of age, 
 assisting in the work of the farm. He then went to La Fayette, where he en- 
 gaged in business as a contractor in mason work until 1888. He was next em- 
 ployed as fireman on the Chicago, Burlington & Quincy Railroad and later was 
 promoted to engineer, in which capacity he served until 1901. For one year 
 he had charge of the City Water Works of Galva and in 1909 entered the 
 employ of the Hayes Manufacturing Ccwnpany of that place, with which he is 
 still connected. \ v ; -'.I:-'.'' :: '; 
 
 On the I2th of May, 1864, Mr. Gibbs was united in marriage to Miss Julia 
 A. Grant, who was born in Stark county, Illinois, August 30, 1844. Her father, 
 Nelson Grant, who was a farmer by occupation and a native of New York state, 
 was born on the i6th of February, i8io, and died February 27, 1892, in Stark 
 county, Illinois. Her mother, who bore the maiden name of Mary Chatfield, 
 was born November lo, 1814, and died May 12, 1906. Mr. and Mrs. Gibbs 
 have become the parents of three children : Cora May, who is the wife of Her- 
 man R. Pelz, a traveling salesman living in Peoria; Clara Alice, the wife of 
 Thomas E. Chilton, who is a native of England and a salesman for the Challenge 
 Company of Batavia, living in Galva, Illinois ; and Claude Irvin, a molder by 
 trade, who married Alice Peterson, a daughter of John S. Peterson, of Galva, 
 in which city they make their home. Mr. Gibbs has one grandchild, Dorothy 
 May Chilton, who was bom April 4, 1903, and is now attending school. By his 
 ballot Mr. Gibbs supports the men and measures of the republican party and he 
 has taken an active interest in local affairs. He served on the school board in 
 Lynn township and his support is never withheld from any enterprise which he 
 believes will prove of public benefit. 
 
 :; -; :_ (' :;;.: : -rx^P. A. SUNWALL.;\;.::. ;;:.....: -,- ; ':;;-;;';:. -.v,:; 
 
 p. A. Sunwall, a successful agriculturist who makes a specialty of buying, 
 selling and raising stock, is the owner of a fine farm of one hundred and thirty 
 acres, located two miles north of Williamsfield. He is a native of Knox county, 
 his birth having occurred in Truro township, in 1871, and a son of Jonas and 
 Anna (Peterson) Sunwall, natives of Sweden. The father was bom in Helsing- 
 land in 1826, and there he passed the first forty-three years of his life. Having 
 heard many favorable reports regarding the opportunities and advantages 
 afforded to enterprising men in the United States, in 1869, together with his 
 wife and family, Jonas Sunwall took passage for the new world. Upon his 
 arrival in this country he came directly to Knox county, settling on a farm in 
 Truro township to the further development of which he devoted his energies 
 until age compelled his retirement from active life. He passed away in 1907 
 
968 HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY !" 
 
 at the venerable age of eighty-two years. The family of Mr. and Mrs. Sun- 
 wall numbered four: Nelson J., a resident of Texas; P. A., the subject of this 
 sketch; Jennie M., of Colorado; and a son who died in infancy. 
 ' The period of his boyhood and youth, P. A. Sunwall spent on his father's 
 farm, obtaining his education in the district schools. Like other farmer lads 
 he was early assigned chores about the barn and fields, his duties increasing as 
 his strength developed with the passing years. By the time he Jiad attained 
 his maturity he was a good practical agriculturist, having long been accustomed 
 to plowing, sowing and harvesting the fields under the competent direction of 
 his father. When qualified to begin farming for himself he undertook the oper- 
 ation of the home place, where he is now living and has met with increasing 
 prosperity in its cultivation. His fields are rich and fertile and annually yield 
 abundant harvests that well repay him for the labor expended in their cultiva- 
 tion. In addition to his general fanning, Mr. Sunwall also raises and buys 
 stock, that he ships to the Chicago and St. Louis markets. He has met with 
 more than an average degree of success. In taking care of the soil and in the 
 conservation of its fertility he follows the plans of the State University and is 
 a faithful adherent of Professor Hopkins, whom he considers the foremost 
 exponent of scientific soil renovation in the world. In his experiments with 
 various crops Mr. Sunwall was the first in this section of the country to obtain 
 satisfactory results in planting his land to alfalfa. He considers this legume the 
 most valuable the farmer can raise and is proud to be set down as the pioneer 
 alfalfa grower in these parts. During the period of his ownership of his pres- 
 ent place he has put thereon many improvements indicative of the spirit of 
 enterprise and progress that has characterized his undertakings. 
 ,V Ever since age conferred upon him the right of franchise he has given his 
 political support to the men and measures of the republican party. He has been 
 called upon to discharge the duties of a number of township offices and for 
 many years has been a school trustee. Keenly regretting the limited opportu- 
 nities offered him in acquiring his own education he has become the earnest 
 advocate of betterment in our school system and especially interests himself in 
 bringing about the consolidation and grading of the country schools. Mr. Sun- 
 wall is unmarried. He is a man of enterprise and industry, whose success is 
 attributable to intelligently directed effort. 
 
 -;-r^^-'-" ' ^ ;- W. B. ELLIOTT. ^(';\/-^:/:. ':':'. 
 
 W. B. Elliott lives on the old homestead of two hundred and fifty acres four 
 and one-half mile north of Williamsfield, in Victoria township. He was born 
 within a mile and one-half of where he now resides. May lo, 1866. His parents 
 were Burgess and Achsah Ann (Rue) Elliott, the father a native of this county 
 and the mother of Indiana. The father was born in 1837 and the mother in 1846. 
 Four children were born to Mr. and Mrs. Elliott, two of whom died in infancy. 
 Our subject is the elder of the two surviving, the other being C. W.. who resides 
 at 89 Arnold street, Galesburg. Burgess Elliott spent his entire life in this 
 county, where for many years he was actively engaged in farming. His efforts 
 
X 
 
968 HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY 
 
 at the venerable age of eighty-two years. The family of Mr. and Mrs. Sun- . 
 wall numbered four: Nelson J., a resident of Texas; P. A., the subject of this - 
 sketch; Jennie M., of Colorado; and a son who died in infancy. 
 
 The period of his boyhood and youth, P. A. Sunwall spent on his father's 
 farm, obtaining his education in the district schools. Like other farmer lads 
 he was early assigned chores about the barn and fields, his duties increasing as 
 his strength developed with the passing years. By tlie time he had attained - 
 his maturity he was a good practical agriculturist, having long been accustomed 
 to plowing, sowing and harvesting the fields under the competent direction of 
 his father. When qualified to begin farming for himself he undertook the oper- 
 ation of the home place, where he is now living and has met with increasing 
 prosperity in its cultivation. His fields are rich and fertile and annually yield 
 abundant harvests that well repay him for the labor expended in their cultiva- 
 tion. In addition to his general farming. Mr. Sunwall also raises and buys - 
 stock, that he ships to the Cliicago and St. Louis markets. He has met with ' 
 more than an average degree of success. In taking care of the soil and in the 
 conservation of its fertility he follows the plans of the State University and is 
 a faithful adherent of Professor Hopkins, whom he considers the foremost 
 exponent of scientific soil renovation in the world. In his experiments ,vith 
 various crops Mr. Sunwall was the first in this section of the country to obtain 
 satisfactory results in planting his land to alfalfa. He considers this legume the 
 most valuable the farmer can raise and is proud to be set down as the pioneer 
 alfalfa grower in these parts. During the period of hi? ownership of his pres- 
 ent place he has put thereon many improvements indicative of the spirit of 
 enterprise and progress that has characterized his undertakings. 
 
 Ever since age conferred upon him the right of franchise he has given his 
 political support to the men and measures of the republican jjarty. He has been 
 called upon to discharge the duties of a numlier of township offices and for 
 many years has been a school trustee. Keenly regretting the limited opportu- 
 nities offered him in acquiring his own education he has become the earnest 
 advocate of betterment in our school system and especially interests himself in 
 bringing about the consolidation and grading of the country schools. Mr. .Sun- 
 wall is unmarried. He is a man of enterprise and industry, whose success is 
 attributable to intelligently directed effort. 
 
 ,: W. B. ELLIOTT. 
 
 W. R. Elliott lives on the old homestead of two hundred and fifty acres four 
 and one-half mile north of Williamsfield. in Victoria township. He was born 
 within a mile and one-half of where he now resides. May lo. 1866. His parents 
 were Burgess and Achsah Ann (Rue) Elliott, the father a native of this county 
 and the mother of Indiana. The father was born in 1837 and the mother in 1846. 
 Four children were born to Mr. and Mrs. Elliott, two of whom died in infancy. 
 Our subject is the elder of the two surviving, the other being C. W.. who resides 
 at 89 Arnold street. Galesburg. Burgess Elliott spent his entire life in this 
 county, where for many years he was actively engaged in farming. His efforts 
 
,y^V : '':?^^ v^; 7 HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY;;^ ; 971 
 
 were crowned with success and he subsequently retired to Williamsfield, where 
 he was living when he passed away at the age of seventy-one years. 
 
 Reared on his father's farm, W. B. Elliott obtained his preliminary education 
 at his mother's knee, between the corn rows and in the district school. He 
 attended Lombard College about a year and one-half and then spent three years 
 at the State Normal University, completing the course in 1893. He spent seven 
 years as teacher in the public schools of this state, being principal of schools at 
 Saybrook, McLean county, Wyoming, Stark county, and Altona, Knox county. 
 In 1895, while principal of the Altona school, Mr. Elliott turned his attention to 
 agricultural pursuits, locating upon his father's farm, where he now lives. Here - 
 he engages in general farming and stock-raising and is meeting with very good 
 returns from both. Having been reared on a farm, he possessed the practical 
 knowledge that well qualified him for his present undertaking. A man of good ., 
 business judgment, he has applied himself intelligently to the direction of his . 
 activities along the more progressive lines of modern agriculture. He has erected 
 several new buildings on the place and remodeled many of those that were there, 
 installing various modern conveniences and improvements that have added greatly 
 to the comfort and attractiveness as well as the value of the property. In every 
 respect it is a thoroughly up-to-date and model farm, manifesting in all its details . 
 the careful supervision and capable direction that indicate system in its opera- . 
 tion. Mr. Elliott owns one hundred and twenty acres about a mile from where 
 he resides, having purchased this tract several years ago. 
 
 For his wife Mr. Elliott chose Miss Jeannette Armstrong. She was the ^ 
 daughter of John and Mary (Montgomery) Armstrong, natives of Scotland, and 
 was born at Darhead, Lanarkshire, Scotland, July lO, 1863. Her father was 
 born in 1802 and died in 1885, while the mother was bom in 1828 and still 
 resides in this county. They were married in 1852 and emigrated to America 
 in 1867, locating in Victoria township, where the mother now lives. Mrs. Elliott 
 was one of a family of nine children, of whom but three others survive, namely: x 
 Mrs. Agnes Wycoff, of Peoria county; and James and Thomas, who live with 
 their mother. W. B. Elliott and wife have become the parents of six children : 
 Jennie Achsah, William Burgess, Edward Rue, Robert Montgomery, Charles 
 Roland (deceased), and John Kenneth. 
 
 Mr. Elliott's fraternal relations are confined to his membership in the Modern 
 Woodmen of America and the Royal Neighbors, his wife also being a member of 
 the latter. He is a member of the Galesburg Club and maintains relations with . - 
 his fellow agriculturists of Knox county through the medium of his membership ' 
 in the Farmers' Institute, of which organization he has been president for the > 
 past two years. His political allegiance he gives to the republican party and now 
 represents Victoria township on the county central committee. All local political :; 
 affairs engage his attention, and for two years he served as supervisor of Vic- 
 toria township and he is now discharging the duties of justice of the peace, while 
 for fifteen years he has been a member of the board of school directors. He has 
 been a delegate to county and state conventions of his party. Mr. Elliott is a; 
 representative modern agriculturist of progressive ideas, who believes that it 
 requires as high a standard of intelligence, clear judgment and business sagacity 
 to successfully direct the operation of a farm as any industrial enterprise. Agri- 
 culture is becoming recognized as one of the most lucrative as well as independ- 
 
972 
 
 HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY 
 
 ent vocations and is annually attracting a more intelligent and capable class of 
 men, who realize that it is a business in which success is as dependent upon fore- 
 sight, sagacity and specific information as any in the whole field of commercial 
 or industrial activities. 
 
 STEPHEN WYMAN. 
 
 A well known agriculturist of Knox county, who is now living retired on his 
 beautiful homestead located on section 20, Persifer township, is Stephen 
 Wyman, whose holdings in this county aggregate four hundred and sixty-five J 
 acres. He was born in Vinton county, Ohio, on the 2ist of June, 1834, and is a 
 son of Arthur and Annie (Soltz) Wyman. The father was born in the state 
 of New York, but when a lad of eight years he came to Ohio with his people, 
 who passed the remainder of their lives in the Buckeye state. Arthur Wyman ' 
 was reared and educated in Vinton county, and there he met and subsequently 
 married Miss Soltz, who was a native of Ohio. They began their domestic 
 life on a farm in that state, where Mr. Wyman continued to engage in agricult- 
 ural pursuits until 1852. In the latter year with his wife and family he came to 
 Illinois, settling in Knox county. He subsequently acquired the title of two 
 hundred and forty acres of land in Persifer township, northeast of the farm of 
 their son Stephen, and now the property of Harvey England. A man of much 
 energy and determination of purpose, he industriously applied himself to the 
 further improvement and cultivation of his property, erecting thereon a com- 
 fortable dwelling and good substantial barns and outbuildings. His farming 
 was conducted along general lines, the greater part of his time and attention 
 being devoted to stock-raising, which proved to be very lucrative. He passed 
 away on his homestead at the age of sixty-seven and was buried at Westfall 
 cemetery, as was also the mother, who was seventy-five at the time of her death. 
 They were members of the United Brethren church, and in his political views the 
 father was a republican. He was always interested in all township affairs and 
 served with efficiency in some of the minor offices. The family of Mr. and Mrs. 
 Wyman numbered eleven, all of whom were born in Ohio. John, who passed 
 away at the age of seventy years and was buried in Westfall cemetery in Persifer 
 township, became one of the prosperous farmers of this county, owning at the 
 time of his death eight hundred acres of land in Persifer township. He married 
 twice, his first union being with Hannah Taylor, a daughter of Daniel Taylor, 
 while for his second wife he chose Miss Katherine Mundwilder, who now resides 
 in Knoxville. Minerva, the eldest daughter, married Noah Dawson, of Persifer 
 township, and they are now both deceased. Edward J., who died at the age 
 of sixty-nine years and was buried in Westfall cemetery, married Elizabeth 
 Bradford. The next in order of birth died in infancy, and the fifth is Stephen, 
 our subject. Levi died in Missouri, while in the Union army. Mary married 
 Charley Taylor of Persifer township and they are now both deceased, as also 
 are Eliza and Andrew, who were twins. Arthur, who was a volunteer in the 
 Union service, died from yellow fever just after the battle of Vicksburg, and 
 
: . ; r HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY vv 973 
 
 George, the youngest member of the family, when last heard from was living 
 in Idaho. 
 
 The first eighteen years of his life, Stephen Wyman passed in his native 
 state in whose common schools he obtained his education. He accompanied his 
 parents on their removal to Knox county in 1852, and remained at home until he 
 had attained his majority, assisting with the operation of the farm. When he 
 was twenty-one he began working for himself, so capably and intelligently direct- 
 ing his activities that he met with excellent success in his agricultural pursuits. 
 He kept adding to his holdings as he was able until he now owns ninety-two 
 acres of land in Knox township, and three hundred and twenty on section 20 
 of Persifer, where he has resided for many years and fifty-three in section i8, 
 making in all four hundred and sixty-five acres. The dominant factors in the 
 success of Mr. Wyman have unquestionably been his perseverance and energy, 
 which have been utilized to most excellent advantage. He is most ambitious 
 and applies himself conscientiously and painstakingly to whatever he undertakes, 
 striving to excel in everything. No effort has been spared in the development 
 of his farm, all of which is now under high cultivation and well improved. He 
 has erected good substantial buildings on his place, to the value of which he has 
 added at various times by installing many modern conveniences and improve- 
 ments. Both hi", residence and grounds afford a most attractive and pleasing 
 appearance from the public highway and he has built a fine private road on his 
 grounds with cement bridges across the culverts. In connection with general 
 farming Mr. Wyman raised stock, making a specialty of hogs annually, making 
 large shipments to the near-by markets. 
 
 Mr. Wyman has been married twice. His first wife was Miss Katherine 
 Miner, a native of Indiana and a daughter of Thomas Miner, who resided in 
 Knox county only one year, and they became the parents of seven children. In 
 order of birth they are as follows : Richard, a resident of Knoxville, who mar- 
 ried Annie Swanson ; Marion, who was drowned in the state of Washington ; 
 Electra, the wife of Cornelius Ward; Thomas, who married Bessie Brandt and 
 is residing in Abingdon, this state; George, who lives in the state of Washing- 
 ton; Sanford, who died in Oregon and is buried in Westfall cemetery; and 
 Viola, who died at the age of nine months. The mother died on the farm where 
 she had passed the period of her married life and was laid to rest in the family 
 lot at Westfall. She was a fine Christian character and held membership in 
 the United Brethren church. Mr. Wyman subsequently married Miss Erma F. 
 Rambo, who was born in Peoria, and is a daughter of George Rambo. They 
 have five children: Jasper Newton, who is living in the northwestern part of 
 Colorado; Walter Stephen, who is operating the home farm; Iva, the wife of 
 Norman Arbogast, of Galesburg; Hattie, who married Martin O'Connor and 
 is living in Galesburg, Illinois ; and Lewis, who married Mary Arthur and is 
 living in Douglas, Illinois. 
 
 Ever since granted the right of franchise upon attaining his majority, Mr. 
 Wyman has g^ven his political support to the men and measures of the republican 
 party. He has never prominently figured in township aflFairs but he has given 
 efficient service as a school director. Progressive and enterprising in matters of 
 citizenship he takes a deep interest in all movements that he feels will benefit 
 
"^ ' >; HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY ^'t 
 
 the community and assists in promoting their adoption. He is now rated as one 
 of the prosperous agriculturists of his township, but the struggle to attain this 
 position was fraught with much self-denial and years of unceasing labor. 
 Upon him developed the hardships and discouragements that fall to the lot of 
 the majority of people, and the money to provide some of the necessary improve- 
 ments on his place was borrowed at an exorbitant rate of interest. However, 
 he possessed those qualities that refuse to recognize defeat and kept persistently 
 ahead until he had attained the goal. Now in addition to his valuable property 
 he has a comfortable competence and is a stockholder in the Appleton & Victoria 
 Telephone Company. Mr. Wyman is a man of many fine sterling qualities, the 
 worth of which have been thoroughly tested during the long period of his resi- 
 dence in Knox county and never found wanting. 
 
 ..S-v-/: JENNIE H. REYNOLDS. :;:;, ; ;^- 
 
 Jennie H. Reynolds, wife of the late Peter G. Reynolds, who during his life- 
 time was associated with agricultural interests in Knox county, resides on the 
 farm which her husband operated for many years, a tract of one hundred and 
 twenty acres in Sparta township. She was born in Knoxville, Illinois, January 
 29, 1864. Her father, Robert Higgins. who lives at Knoxville and is in his 
 seventy-third year, is a native of Belfast, Ireland, arriving in America at the 
 age of fourteen years. His parents located at Knoxville, Illinois, and there he 
 was brought up to follow farming and also learned the butcher's trade, follow- 
 ing this dual occupation until his retirement a number of years ago. He mar- 
 ried Elizabeth Wallace, also a native of Ireland, and they had ten children, five 
 boys and five girls, of whom two are deceased. The living are : Jennie, the sub- 
 ject of this review; Robert, residing in Minnesota; Samuel, living at home; 
 Mayme, the wife of J. B. Grounds of Denver, Colorado; Martha, the wife of 
 Ray Van Tassel, of Flint, Michigan; James and Charles, living in La Junta, 
 Colorado; and Belle, the wife of A. Humphrey of Minnesota. 
 
 After the usual education in the public schools of her native locality Jennie 
 H. Higgins remained at home for a time and in April, 1893, was united in mar- 
 riage to Peter G. Reynolds. He was bom on the old homestead in Sparta town- 
 ship in 1860 and was a son of E. B. Reynolds, at present a resident of Gales- 
 burg. Reared in the locality in which he passed his entire life he obtained his 
 education here attending first the district schools of Sparta township and later 
 Lombard College at Galesburg. He engaged in agriculture operating his father's 
 farm for a number of years. He then farmed on his own account and after 
 his marriage purchased the farm where Mrs. Reynolds is now living. Here he 
 followed the pursuits of general farming and feeding cattle for market, meeting 
 with substantial rewards for his untiring toil. In politics he was an ardent dem- 
 ocrat and served for many terms as a director on the school board and as road 
 commissioner. On August 3, 1898, Mr. Reynolds passed away after a lingering 
 illness of two years, and although he had suffered long his untimely death came 
 as a great shock to his family, for he had been a good husband and a devoted 
 
J ; : .; V- HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY ' -;:.:. 975 
 
 '"' '''''''''.''''..-' -^ ,''"-' '',' 
 
 ' * '''"' - ' ' , ' ' ' '' . ' -'* -, ' .'' f ''-.'.'" 
 
 father. Two children were bom to Mr. and Mrs. Reynolds : Ralph J., born 
 August 13, 1894; and John E., born February 24, 1897. 
 
 Mrs. Reynolds is a member of the Christian church of Knoxville, the faith 
 to which her husband also belonged. He maintained fraternal relations with the 
 Masonic order having been a member of the Knoxville lodge. Occupied with 
 the responsibilities of motherhood, educating her children, seeing that they may 
 be provided with the opportunities which will enable them to make their way 
 in the world, the years of widowhood have passed rapidly for Mrs. Reynolds and 
 have softened her grief and the loneliness that follows the bereavement of dear 
 
 ones. - ,, ^-- :_, , .-V-. .r-- - - .- V:.Vv%.-- . / ..: \^-::,^ V 
 
 \--; , OWEN BETTERTON WEST.- 'A'^ - r;/ ^' V 
 
 Born in Yates City, Illinois, Owen Betterton West has been a resident of 
 Knox county his entire life,- the date of his birth being August I, 1869. His 
 father, Isaac N. West, was born in Clinton county, Ohio, in 1835, and came 
 to Yates City with his parents, John and Elizabeth (George) West, who settled 
 two miles north of Yates City on a farm which he owned, comprising one thou- 
 sand acres of land, and grew to manhood in Elba township. John West was 
 also a native of Clinton county, Ohio, being born May 3, 1809. His first Ameri- 
 can ancestor was Owen West, a brother to the father of Benjamin West, the 
 celebrated artist, and was born in London, England, in 1729 and came to Amer- 
 ica in 1761, settling in Georgia. He was widely known for the strong views 
 he held in opposition to slavery. Isaac N. West was twice married, his first 
 wife being Charlotte Hull ; he was married the second time to Eliza Ann Mason, 
 a daughter of Jeremiah and Eliza (Sayler) Mason, who lived in Knox county, 
 where Mrs. West was reared, although she claimed Ohio as her native state. 
 There were nine children in the West family, of whom the following are still 
 living: Charles, married to Susan Nixon, resides in Miami, Oklahoma, where 
 he is engaged in the real-estate business; Owen B. ; Nora, the wife of Fred- 
 erick Soldwell, who resides in Yates City; and William Edwin, who operates 
 a grain elevator in Yates City. The deceased are : Marion, Edith, Josephine 
 and two who died in infancy. By his fornver union to Miss Charlotte Hull, 
 Mr. West had a daughter. Charlotte, the wife of Frank Chamberlain, a mer- 
 chant in Yates City. I. N. West resided north of Yates City where he owned 
 a very fine farm of three hundred and twenty acres in Salem township, oper- 
 ating this until his death at the age of forty-eight years. He was not a poli- 
 tician but was loyal in his support of the republican policies. Mrs. West passed 
 away at the age of seventy years and three months. 
 
 Owen B. West obtained his education in the common schools of Salem town- 
 ship and attended Lombard College, after which he took a course at Brown's 
 Business College, at Peoria, Illinois. His first work was in the fields but he 
 remained at this only a short time when he engaged in the grain business in 
 Yates City meeting with much success in the enterprise. His desire to return 
 to agricultural labors, however, and a good offer made him by M. W. Thomp- 
 son induced him to sell his grain interests which Mr. Thompson later sold to 
 
976 ; :: HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY 
 
 William Edwin West, Owen West's brother and again resume the carefree 
 and independent life on a farm. Being progressive and modern in his methods 
 of cultivating the soil and breeding cattle he found much profit in this work 
 and continued it until the spring of 191 1 when he located in Yates City where 
 he now lives. He is interested in several local business enterprises and is the 
 president of the Farmer's Telephone Company. 
 
 The marriage of Mr. West and Miss Alpha Van Tassell occurred on March 
 14, 1895. She was a native of Peoria, Illinois, her parents being William W. 
 Van Tassell, born in New York city, and Jane (Boardman) Van Tassell, born 
 in England. Mr. Van Tassell brought his wife as a bride to Stark county, Illi- 
 nois, and later removed to Peoria, where he lived for forty years, being em- 
 ployed on the railroad during much of that time and for a number of years 
 was employed as government store keep>er for the internal revenue department 
 of the United States. He was an old soldier, having enlisted for the first 
 time from New York and for the second time from Stark county, Illinois. At 
 the time of his discharge he was a sergeant. He was a republican in politics 
 and with his family belonged to the Methodist chilrch. His death occurred at 
 the age of seventy-two and his wife's at the age of sixty-five years. They had 
 eight children of whom six are still living, Mrs. West being the only one of 
 the number residing in Knox county. Mr. and Mrs. West are the parents of 
 two children: Lloyd Alvin, born March 14, 1896; and Harriet Florine, bom 
 November 21, 1903. . . ' 
 
 In his political views Mr. West is a republican and was elected on the party 
 ticket in the spring of 1910 to the office of supervisor, his term continuing 
 until 1912. At previous times he has held the offices of assessor of Salem 
 township, member of the board of auditors of Salem township, alderman, and 
 mayor of Yates City. He is a Mason being a member of the Yates City lodge 
 in which he has passed through all the chairs. . , , . ..... 
 
 ^:T::r-' ' _- ., JAMES CATION. .;V ;..'--:,-.;;:-;:-.:; 
 
 James Cation was born in Glasgow, Scotland, in 1821, and died in Williams- 
 field, Illinois, in 1904, his parents being William and Margaret (Paul) Cation. 
 The family were well known silk weavers of that country and were engaged in 
 hand weaving fine Paisley shawls. In the land of his nativity James Cation 
 was reared and educated and in 1843 accompanied his parents on their emigra- 
 tion to the United States, the voyage being made in a sailing vessel which en- 
 countered a severe storm while passing through the West Indies. The rigging 
 of the vessel was torn away and lost, and for nine weeks they drifted but finally 
 landed in New Orleans, whence they made their way to Peoria, Illinois. 
 
 The father of our subject settled on a farm on section 26, Millbrook town- 
 ship, Peoria county, and James Cation subsequently purchased the land which 
 his father had obtained from the government. It was in 1870 that James Cation 
 came to Knox county and located on a farm in Elba township, where he engaged 
 in agricultural pursuits until 1892. He then retired from active labor and re- 
 moved to Williamsfield, where he passed away at the age of eighty-three years. 
 
^ 
 
 72 
 
 H 
 
 o 
 
76 : HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY 
 
 William Edwin West, Owen West's brother and again resume the carefree 
 and independent life on a farm. Being progressive and modern in his methods 
 of cultivating the soil and breeding cattle he found much profit in this work 
 and continued it until the spring of 1911 when he located in Yates City where 
 he now lives. He is interested in several local business enterprises and is the 
 president of the Farmer's Telephone Company. 
 
 The marriage of Mr. West and Miss Alpha \'an Tassell occurred on March 
 14. 1895. She was a native of Peoria, Illinois, her parents being William W. 
 Van Tassell, born in Xew ^'ork city, and Jane (Boardman) \'an Tassell, born 
 in England. Mr. \'an Tassell brought his wife as a bride to Stark county, Illi- 
 nois, and later removed to Peoria, where he lived for forty years, being em- 
 ployed on the railroad during much of that time and for a number of years 
 was employed as government store keeper for the internal revenue department 
 of the United States. He was an old soldier, having enlisted for the first 
 time from Xew York and for the second time from Stark county, Illinois. At 
 the time of his discharge he was a sergeant. He was a republican in politics 
 and with his family belonged to the Methodist church. His death occurred at 
 the age of seventy-two and his wife's at the age of sixty-five years. They had 
 eight children of whom six are still living, Mrs. West being the only one of 
 the number residing in Knox county. Mr. and Mrs. West are the parents of 
 two children: Lloyd Alvin, born March 14, 1896; and Harriet Florine, born 
 November 21, 1903. . . _ t 
 
 In his political views Mr. \\'est is a repubh'can and was elected on the party 
 ticket in the spring of 1910 to the office of supervisor, his term continuing 
 until 1912. At previous times he has held the offices of assessor of Salem 
 township, member of the board of auditors of Salem township, alderman, and 
 mayor of Yates City. He is a Mason being a member of the Yates City lodge 
 in which he has passed through all the chairs. 
 
 \ : . JAMES CATION. ; - 
 
 James Cation was born in (ilasgow. Scotland, in 1821, and died in Williams- 
 field. Illinois, in 1904. his parents being William and Margaret (Paul) Cation. 
 The family were well known silk weavers of that country anrl were engaged in 
 hand weaving tine Paisley shawls. In the land of his nativity James Cation 
 was reared and educated and in 1843 acc()ni])anied his parents on their emigra- 
 tion to the United .States, the voyage being made in a sailing vessel which en- 
 countered a severe storm while passing through the \\'cst Indies. The rigging 
 of the vessel was torn away and lost, and for nine- \vctk-i tliey drifted but finally 
 landed in New Orleans, whence they made their way to Peoria, Illinois. 
 
 The father of our subject settled on a farm cm section 26. Millbrook town- 
 shi]), Peoria county, and James Cation subsefjuently purchased the land which 
 his father had obtained from the government. It was in 1870 that James Cation 
 came to Knox countv and located on a farm in l-^lba township, where he engaged 
 in agricultural jjursuits until 1892. He then retired from active labor and re- 
 moved to Williamsfield, where he passe<l away at the age of eighty-three years. 
 
'':-'---^-'-. - HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY 77 
 
 He was a member of the Presbyterian church and was formerly a republican in 
 politics but later came a free-trade democrat. He took, a very prominent and 
 active part in township affairs and held a number of minor offices. He was suc- 
 cessful in business and was a man honored and esteemed by all who knew him. 
 In 1855 he married Catherine Gray, who was also born in Glasgow, Scot- 
 land, in 1838, and came to America in 1852 with a brothes and two sisters, her 
 parents having died in Scotland. She still resides in Williamsfield and is an 
 earnest member of the Methodist Episcopal church. To Mr. and Mrs. Cation 
 were born eight children, namely: David, of Williamsfield, Illinois; William, a 
 resident of Knoxville, Illinois; Alex, who lives in Walla Walla, Washington; 
 John, of Elba township, Knox county; one who died in childhood; James L., 
 a banker who died in Arizona at the age of thirty-seven years ; Charles, who died 
 in Oregon ; and Mary, who died at the home of her parents when a young woman. 
 
 .^:;..;;';.-:-^--':-."; ^- CLYDE H. 
 
 Oyde H. Machen, senior partner of the firm of Machen Brothers, whole- 
 sale and retail dealers in fuel, feed, flour and hay, at 133 East Waters street, 
 Galesbur^, was bom in Columbus, Texas, on January 24, 1882. His parents 
 are Henry S. and Mary J. (Brower) Machen, the father a native of Illinois 
 and the mother of Pennsylvania. Henry S. Machen was born in Peotone, 
 Will county, and there he was also reared. He was given the benefit of very 
 good educational advantages and when old enough to become self-supporting 
 engaged in teaching. This profession engaged his attention for several years, 
 but having decided upon a commercial career he subsequently went to Sturgeon 
 Bay, Wisconsin, where he became identified with the lumber business. Later 
 he was appointed manager of a large plantation and lumber mill in Texas, that 
 he operated for a time and then went into the oyster business at Mississippi 
 City, Mississippi. In 1887 he removed to Missouri and engaged in contracting 
 and building at Marceline, that state. While engaged in this business he erected 
 or supervised the construction of many of the leading buildings in the town. 
 At the end of three years, in 1890, he entered the employ of the Atchison, 
 Topeka & Santa Fe Railroad Company, and has ever since continued in their 
 service. In February, 1903, he was transferred to Galesburg in the capacity 
 of passenger and freight agent, which position he still holds. The paternal 
 grandparents of our subject were A. B. and Louise (Sultzbaugh) Machen, na- 
 tives of Pennsylvania. In their early years they came to Illinois, locating in 
 Will county, where they resided for many years and from there removed to 
 Marceline, Missouri. There the grandfather passed away about 1885, having 
 attained a ripe old age, but he is still survived by the grandmother, who con- 
 tinues to make her home in Marceline. Mrs. Henry S. Machen was the only 
 child of her parents, her mother being Mrs. Ella L. (Evans) Brower. Three 
 sons were born to Mr. and Mrs. Machen, of whom our subject is the eldest, 
 the other two being Harvey L. and Cecil E. 
 
 The earliest memories of Clyde H. Machen are associated with Marceline 
 and Lexington Junction, Missouri, as he was only a child of three years when 
 
978 HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY 
 
 
 
 his parents located in the former place. When old enough to begin his educa- 
 tion he entered the public schools of Marceline, but subsequently attended 
 Woodson Institute. As soon as he was qualified to become self-supporting 
 he laid aside his text-books and entered the employ of the Atchison, Topeka 
 & Santa Fe Railroad Company, at Lexington Junction, where he remained 
 until 1901. In the 'latter year he was stationed at Laplata, Missouri, going 
 from there to various other points on the company's lines until 1903, when he 
 accompanied his parents on their removal to Galesburg. Very soon thereafter 
 he was assigned duty elsewhere, and during the succeeding six years was 
 employed in Illinois, Iowa, Missouri, Kansas, Colorado and New Mexico. In 
 1909 he returned to Galesburg and established the business he is now conduct- 
 ing. During the first three months he was sole owner, but the enterprise de- 
 veloped so rapidly that his brother Cecil E. became associated with him at the 
 expiration of that period under the firm name of Machen Brothers. Their 
 store is located at No. 133 East Waters street, and as they are both enter- 
 prising young men, who conduct their business in a straightforward, legitimate 
 manner, they are accorded an excellent patronage that is constantly increasing. 
 
 On the 2ist of December, 1908, Mr. Machen was united in marriage to 
 Mrs. Nellie H. Wright, a daughter of Benson and Gertrude V. Hume, of Illi- 
 nois, and they have become the parents of one son, Clyde Richard. 
 
 Mr. and Mrs. Machen hold membership in the Central Congregational church. 
 His political support Mr. Machen gives to the republican party. During the brief 
 period of his connection with the commercial activities of Galesburg, he has 
 manifested the qualities that invariably characterize the successful business man, 
 and the future of the enterprise with which he is connected seems assured. 
 
 : MICHAEL WELSH. ;;,:-^:=::::v^ V 
 
 . In the death of Michael Welsh on the 28th of July, 1907, Knox county lost 
 a citizen who had long been honored as a representative and worthy resident 
 of this part of the state. He had occupied his home in Williamsfield for 
 many years, becoming a resident of Truro township in the spring of 1856. 
 From that time until his death he had maintained a creditable position as a 
 business man and as a public official, and throughout his entire life he had 
 wisely used the advantages and opportunities that came to him. While he 
 never had any great ambition to obtain wealth, yet he made for his family a 
 comfortable living and he continually added to his store of mental riches 
 through his wide and diversified reading. 
 
 Mr. Welsh was born September 8, 1830, in Kilkenny county, Ireland, his 
 parents being William and Mary (Hoi den) Welsh. His educational opportuni- 
 ties were equivalent to those of a common-school course in this land, and on 
 the I4th of October, 1850, when he was twenty years of age, he was married 
 to Miss Catherine Grace, and with his bride started for America, arriving in 
 New Orleans on the ist of January, 1851. This was the wedding journey of 
 the young couple who, after a voyage of eight weeks upon a sailing vessel, 
 reached the American port, and from the present city of New Orleans made 
 
VJB : : ' HISTORY OF KXOX COUNTY 
 
 his parents located in the former place. When old enough to begin his educa- 
 tion he entered the public schools of Marceline, but subsequently attended 
 Woodson Institute. As soon as he was qualified to become self-supporting 
 he laid aside his text-books and entered the employ of the Atchison, Topeka 
 & Santa Fe Railroad Company, at Lexington Junction, where he remained 
 until igoi. In the -latter year he was stationed at Laplata, Missouri, going 
 from there to various other points on the company's lines until 1903, when he 
 accompanied his parents on their removal to Galesburg. \ ery soon thereafter 
 he was assigned duty elsewhere, and during the succeeding six years was 
 employed in Illinois, Iowa, Missouri, Kansas, Colorado and Xevv Mexico. In 
 1909 he returned to Galesburg and established the business he is now conduct- 
 ing. During the first three months he \vas sole owner, but the enterprise de- 
 veloped so rapidly that his brother Cecil E. became associated with him at the 
 expiration of that period under the firm name of Machen Brothers. Their 
 store is located at Xo. 133 East Waters street, and as they are both enter- 
 prising young men, who conduct their business in a straightforward, legitimate 
 manner, they are accorded an excellent patronage that is constantly increasing. 
 
 On the 2ist of December. 1908, Mr. Machen was united in marriage to 
 Mrs. Xellie H. \\'riglit, a daughter of Benson and Gertrude \ . Hume, of Illi- 
 nois, and they liave become tlie parents of one son, Clyde Richard. 
 
 Mr. and Mrs. Machen hold membership in the Central Congregational church. 
 His political support Mr. Macheu gives to the republican party. During the brief 
 period of his connection with tlie commercial activities of Galesburg, he has 
 manifested the qualities that invariably characterize the successful business man, 
 and the future of the enterprise with which he is connected seems assured. 
 
 . MICHAEL WELSH. 
 
 In the death of Michael Welsh on the 28th of July, 1907, Knox county lost 
 a citizen who had long been honored as a representative and worthy resident 
 of this part of the state. He ha<l occupied his home in Williamsfield for 
 many years, becoming a resident of Truro township in the spring of 1856. 
 From that time until his death he had maintained a creditable position as a 
 business man and as a public official, and throughout his entire life he had 
 wisely used the advantages and opportunities that came to him. While he 
 never had any great ambition to obtain wealth, yet he made for his family a 
 comfortable living and he continually added to his store of mental riches 
 through his wide and diversified reading. 
 
 Mr. Welsh was born September 8, 1830, in Kilkenny county, Ireland, his 
 parents being William and Mary ( Ilolden ) \\'elsh. His educational opportuni- 
 ties were equivalent to those of a common-school course in this land, and on 
 the 1 4th of October, 1850, when he was twenty years of age, he was married 
 to Miss Catherine (jrace, and with his bride started for America, arriving in 
 New Orleans on the ist of January, 1851. This was the wedding journey of 
 the young couple who, after a voyage of eight weeks upon a sailing vessel, 
 reached the American port, and from the i)resent city of Xew Orleans made 
 
Xr' ::;'-:;: HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY , :; . osi 
 
 their way up the Mississippi river to St. Louis. After a brief period passed 
 there they journeyed up the Illinois river to Peoria and thence by wagon 
 traveled with Benoni Simpkins, one of Mr. Welsh's earliest friends, to Maquon, 
 arriving there on the I9th of April, 1851. The following year Mr. Welsh aided 
 in building a bridge across Spoon river, now known as the Long Bridge, receiv- 
 ing for his services the munificent sum of fifty cents per day ! He turned his 
 attention to agricultural pursuits when, in 1856, he removed with his young 
 family to Truro township, where he continuously made his home until the time 
 of his death. While residing there he formed the acquaintance and gained the 
 friendship of Henry J. Corbin, whose willingptiess to assist young men in their 
 struggles to get a start in those pioneer times endeared his memory to many. 
 Mr. Welsh was always extremely grateful to Mr. Corbin, and one of the last 
 things he planned before his death was a visit to the grave of this friend of 
 his early manhood to remove some brush that had grown upon and around the 
 last resting place of Mr. Corbin. 
 
 While Mr. Welsh carefully managed his business affairs with the laudable 
 ambition to provide a good living for his family it was well known that he 
 never took advantage of the necessities of another in a business transaction, 
 nor was he ever so busy that he neglected the duties and obligations of good 
 citizenship. It is said that his home was known from Galesburg to Chillicothe 
 in the early days as the abode of hospitality and good cheer and that no worthy 
 person was ever denied shelter and entertainment there. From time to time 
 he was called to public offices and filled a number of local p>ositions in a most 
 creditable manner. He served as assessor for several terms, and for twenty 
 years filled the position of justice of the peace at a time when country justices 
 heard many cases. Much litigation occurred in the country between the years 
 1860 and 1880, and all through the fall and winter months, after crops had been 
 harvested, Mr. Welsh was busy hearing the contested interests of litigating 
 parties. He made a fine judicial officer, and at different times nearly every 
 leading attorney of Knox county bar of that period practiced before him, in- 
 cluding H. N. Keightley, Judge Leander Douglas, Judge Craig and C. K. Har- 
 vey. That his decisions were strictly fair and impartial is indicated in the fact 
 that in the twenty years in which he presided over the justice court no litigant 
 ever took an appeal from his decision. For a half century he had a personal 
 acquaintance with all the members of the Knox county bar and he was a great 
 admirer of Julius Manning and a lifelong friend and supporter of Judge Craig. 
 
 Mr. Welsh took a very deep interest in everything pertaining to the general 
 progress and improvement of his home community, his county, state and nation. 
 He was a stalwart democrat, giving unfaltering support to the principles of 
 his party, yet he approved and commended the stand which President Roose- 
 velt took concerning the anthracite coal strike, and he sympathized with Presi- 
 dent Lincoln in his determination to put down the war. He did not approve 
 of the peace measures advocated at the time of the McClelland campaign. He 
 had previously supported Stephen A. Douglas, and was present at the famous 
 Lincoln-Douglas debate in Galesburg in 1858. All through his life he added 
 to his knowledge through wide reading and was especially interested in works 
 of a legal nature and in history. The rural daily mail brought many periodicals 
 and papers to his home and he always kept in touch with current events. In 
 
 ; ToL .1140 , . ;.. V ' . ../-;..-...- .... '- -. ..^. -. ; 
 
982 HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY , 
 
 the early days when it was difficult to obtain books he eagerly availed himself 
 of every opportunity to secure reading matter and pored over the volumes of 
 biography that contained the lives of Clay, Webster, Calhoun, Washington, 
 Lincoln and the heroes of the Revolutionary war. Thus from the well supplied 
 storehouse of his mind he could continually draw for anecdote, information, or 
 fact to enrich his conversation or prove an argument. ; 
 
 Six months before his demise Mr. Welsh was called upon to mourn the 
 loss of his wife. A half year passed and he was laid to rest by her side in St. 
 Joseph's cemetery in Galesburg. Their family included the following sons and 
 daughters: William M., F. F. and Jay of Williamsfield, Illinois; Mrs. Alice 
 Cloonen, of Zearing, Iowa; J. D., of Galesburg; Dr. M. M., of Odell, Illinois; 
 and Mrs. Mary Judge of Pontiac, Illinois. Mr. Welsh enjoyed good health 
 and was a man of splendid physique. By the members of his family he was 
 never regarded as old or decrepit for he continued young in thought and spirit. ' 
 He planned to attend the 4th of July celebration at Galesburg, in 1907, but the 
 excessive heat of the summer proved detrimental to him, and on the 8th of 
 July, while sitting on the porch of his home, he was overcome by the heat. All 
 through his life he had chosen those things which are most worth while. He 
 entered largely into the realm of thought, and yet he remained an active factor 
 in the world's work. 
 
 ;;:;:- LYMAN P. WILSON. ; ;' r v ; 
 
 Lyman P. Wilson, now serving for the second term as city attorney of 
 Galesburg, to which office he was reelected in 1911, is one of the younger 
 representatives of the bar of the city, yet since entering upon active practice 
 has made substantial and continuous progress. He was born in Qarke county, 
 Iowa, January 21, 1883. His father, John Wilson, was a native of Hermon, 
 Knox county, Illinois, born August ii, 1856, and in the public schools of this 
 county he pursued his early education, which was supplemented by a course 
 in Hedding College. He then took up rail construction work and contract'ng, 
 and after continuing in that line of business for a time, devoted several years 
 to fanning in Iowa, near the town of Leslie. He then returned to Knox county 
 and filled the position of postmaster at Hermon for twelve years. In 1897 he 
 removed to Galesburg and entered the employ of the city water department, 
 while subsequently he became connected with the engineering department, where 
 he is now to be found. He has always voted with the democracy and made for 
 himself a creditable record during his three terms' service as postmaster of 
 Hermon. On the 2ist of July, i88i, near London Mills, he was united in mar- . 
 riage to Miss Amanda P. Phillippi, who was born in that locality, November 
 25, 1858. They are both members of the Methodist Episcopal church and well 
 spent lives have won for them the kindly regard and confidence of all with 
 whom they have been brought in contact. .' . .' /. 
 
 Lyman P. Wilson, their only child, pursued his education in the public and 
 high schools of Galesburg and in Knox College, from which he was graduated 
 with the class of 1904. He then entered upon preparation for a professional 
 
.;''': HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY ; .>; 983 
 
 career as a student in the law department of the University of Chicago, form 
 which he was graduated in the spring of 1907. In the fall of the same year 
 he opened an office in Galesburg, where he continues in general practice, and 
 in the trial of cases he has proved his ability to successfully cope with the many 
 intricate problems of the law. In the spring of 1909 he was elected city at- 
 torney and commendation of his first term's service was given him in his re- 
 election, in the spring of 1911. He was chosen as the candidate of the repub- 
 lican party and has always been one of the stanch supporters of that political 
 organization. 
 
 ..{ On the 2ist of January, 1909, Mr. Wjlson was married to Miss Edith Marks, 
 a daughter of J. Warren and Mary Lillian (Houder) Marks, of Pontiac, Illi- 
 nois. Her father, who was born August 2, 1857, followed farming for a long 
 period at Pontiac and is now living at Lake Park, Iowa. It was on the loth 
 of January, 1883, that he wedded Mary L. Houder, who was bom December 
 14, 1862. They became the parents of three children: Welford H., bom July 
 24, 1884; Mrs. Edith Wilson, born December 31, 1886; and Florence L., bom 
 September i8, 1889. 
 
 During his college days Mr. Wilson was prominent in fraternal circles, 
 becoming a member of the Phi Alpha Delta of the University of Chicago and 
 the Delta Sigma Rho fraternity of Knox College. Both he and his wife are 
 earnest and active members of the Methodist Episcopal church, in the work 
 of which he has taken a helpful part, serving for a time as a teacher in the 
 Sunday school. He also belongs to the Woodmen's lodge. Because nature 
 endowed him with strong intellectual qualities and, furthermore, because he is 
 ambitious and determined, one feels no hesitancy in predicting for him a suc- 
 cessful future, for he has already well established himself in the practice of 
 his chosen profession. ;;'-;;: - ''^~ ';"'-.'-'':- 
 
 - v: :": ' '' ^"' ":/: JOHN HALL. , -l^wv--:;/': / '^^ ':;' r,/;.v-''-'''-C-"i\ 
 
 John Hall, one of the venerable residents of this county, who is passing a 
 peaceful old age in his home in Douglas, retired from active participation 
 in farming interests several years ago, and although nearly eighty-two years 
 of age he is as cheerful in spirit and keen in mind as many a man twenty 
 years his junior. He was born in County Mayo, Ireland, June 13, 1830, his 
 parents being James and Mary (Nash) Hall, natives of Ireland. There were 
 nine children in the family, seven of whom came to America, John Hall being 
 the only one who survived. On his arrival in the United States he settled in 
 New York state and found employment' in a machine shop, continuing in this 
 connection for a number of years, until he came to Peoria county, Illinois. He 
 remained there three years and then removed to Gallia county, Ohio, where 
 he resided for twelve years. There he married Mary Jane Stewart, a native 
 of Ohio, and subsequently removed to Salem township, Knox county, Illinois, 
 buying a farm of eighty acres, situated on section 7 of Salem township, in 
 1867. Mr. Hall set about cultivating this land, which was partly improved, 
 and constructed buildings and fences thereon. He was enterprising in his taeth- 
 
984 HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY -v -.,;' 
 
 ods and met with excellent results in his work. In 1907 he discontinued his 
 labors on the farm and retired to Douglas, Illinois, to pass the remainder of 
 his life in the enjoyment of a well earned rest. 
 
 The following children were born to Mr. and Mrs. Hall: Fred, deceased; 
 John William ; Robert S., who resides in Douglas and is married to Blanch 
 Buffington, a daughter of Frank Buflfington, of Farmington, Illinois, and has 
 three children, Priscilla Bella, Floyd Vincent and Mary Flizabeth; Francis, 
 who married Anna Kennedy, a daughter of James Kennedy, of McComb, Illi- 
 nois, and has one child, Glenn, and two daughters deceased, one dying at the 
 age of two years and the other at the age of six. Mrs. Hall passed away on 
 the old home farm at the age of fifty-six years and is interred in the Union- 
 town cemetery. 
 
 Mr. Hall votes with the republican party but is not actively interested in 
 politics although he is well informed on affairs of national and local interest. 
 He is a member of the Methodist Episcopal church, to which his wife also 
 belonged. 
 
 . ;-v HENRY SULTZBAUGH MACHEN. . :; , 
 
 i"^' "' ' ..'' V ' 
 
 Henry Sultzbaugh Machen, who has been freight and passenger agent for 
 the Atchison, Topeka & Santa Fe Railroad at Galesburg since February i, 1903, 
 was born in McLean county, Illinois, on the 25th of February, i86i. He is a 
 son of Amos and Louise (Sultzbaugh) Machen, both natives of Lancaster 
 county, Pennsylvania. Amos Machen remained a resident of his native state 
 until 1860, when he came to Illinois, locating on a farm in McLean county. 
 He assiduously applied himself to the further cultivation and improvement of 
 his land for some years thereafter, meeting with a reasonable degree of suc- 
 cess. Later, however, he withdrew from agricultural pursuits and engaged in 
 contracting and building. After identifying himself with this business he re- 
 moved to Missouri, subsequently becoming a resident of Marceline, that state. 
 He located there about the time the town was founded and engaged in the 
 same business. As he was a good mechanic and capable business man, his 
 undertaking thrived and he erected many of the leading public buildings and 
 private residences in the town. He was numbered among the enterprising and 
 successful citizens at the time of his death, which occurred in 1899, at the 
 age of sixty-two years. The mother is still living and continues to make her 
 home in Marceline and there recently celebrated the sixty-eighth anniversary of 
 her birth. Mr. Machen was a veteran of the Civil war, having been in the 
 service for three years and three months. He was clerk of his company and 
 was mustered out with the rank of corporal. He was not a member of any 
 denomination but was friendly to all, while his wife holds membership in the 
 Methodist Episcopal church. They were the parents of eleven children, our 
 subject being the eldest of the six who attained maturity. In order of birth the 
 others are as follows : Levi B., who is deceased ; Emma, the wife of William 
 Houle, of Chicago; George F., who is deceased; May, deceased; and Guy, who 
 lives 'in San Marcial, New Mexico. The paternal grandparents were Henry 
 
;'; -;:;;: HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY V r 985 
 
 and Caroline (Brennemann) Machen, natives of Pennsylvania, but of German 
 extraction. To them were born four children, Amos, the father of our sub- 
 ject; Ann; Peter; and Henry. Agricultural pursuits always engaged the at- 
 tention of Henry Machen, who passed away in Lancaster county, Pennsyl- 
 vania, at the age of sixty-seven years. He was long survived by his widow, 
 wlio was eighty-two at the time of her death. The maternal grandparents, Mr. 
 and Mrs. Henry Sultzbaugh, were also natives of Pennsylvania, but they came 
 in an early day to Peotone, Will county, Illinois, making their home with their 
 son. Later they returned to the Keystone state and there they both passed 
 away at a rif>e old age. Their family was as follows : Philip ; Henry ; Louise, 
 the mother of our subject; Mary Ann; Peter; and Rebecca. 
 
 The first year of his life Henry S. Machen passed in his native state, but 
 at the expiration of that time he was taken to Pennsylvania, where he resided 
 until he was seven. In 1868 he was brought back to Illinois, spending the suc- 
 ceeding two years in Will county. He then accompanied his parents on their re- 
 moval to Linn county, Missouri, remaining there until he was a youth of thir- 
 teen, when he went to Sturgeon Bay, Wisconsin. At the usual age he began 
 his education, which was pursued in the public schools at his various points 
 of residence, until he was graduated from the high school at Sturgeon Bay. 
 For two years thereafter he engaged in teaching, but having decided that he 
 preferred commercial activities at the end of that time he withdrew from this 
 profession and began his business career. He was identified with the lumber 
 interests of Wisconsin for some years thereafter, and then went to Texas. Dur- 
 ing the first eighteen months of his residence in the latter state he was over- 
 seer of a large cotton plantation, but later he was made manager of some shingle 
 mills in Beaumont, Texas, continuing in this capacity for two years. From there 
 he went to Mississippi City, Mississippi, where he engaged in contracting and 
 building for a year, then established a wholesale and retail oyster business that 
 he conducted for three years. At the end of that period he withdrew from 
 commercial activities and entered the employ of the Atchison, Topeka & Santa 
 Fe Railroad Company. He began his services with this company in 1888 in 
 the capacity of night ticket clerk at Marceline, Missouri, remaining there for 
 five years. In 1903 he was transferred to Galesburg as freight and passenger 
 agent and has ever since been identified with this position. A man of pleasing 
 personality and gracious and accommodating manner, Mr. Machen has dis- 
 charged his services in a manner highly acceptable to the company and the 
 public. -and is held in high esteem by all who have occasion to have dealings 
 with him. 
 
 At Sturgeon Bay, Wisconsin, on the I3th of April, i88i, was celebrated 
 the marriage of Mr. Machen and Miss Mary J. Brower, and they have be- 
 come the parents of three children. Clyde H., who is mentioned at greater 
 length elsewhere in this work, is engaged in the fuel, feed and fiour business 
 with his brother, Cecil E., who is the youngest member of the family. Harvey, 
 the second in order of birth, who is now residing in Oklahoma, and married., 
 having two children. ;'.;-:;;: v-\ '>.; 'r "l^^ v^ 
 
 Mr. Machen is a trustee of the Central Congregational church, in which 
 both he and his wife hold membership, and fraternally he is affiliated with the 
 
986 HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY ' 
 
 Masonic order, being identified with Vesper Lodge, A. F. & A. M. In poli- 
 tics he is a republican, giving his indorsement to the progressive faction of 
 that party, and for one year he served as city clerk of Galesburg. Mr. Macheit 
 is a highly estimable citizen, progressive and enterprising in his ideas, who 
 takes an active interest in all matters pertaining to the public welfare. 
 
 '.:: ;\ry '''"; // ERASTUS FULLER. ,..';.; X :-' 
 
 Erastus Fuller, now living retired at No. 630 Maple avenue, is one of the 
 well known citizens of Galesburg, having resided here for forty-nine years, 
 during the greater portion of which period he actively engaged in carpenter 
 work, while for a time he also operated a planing mill. His birth occurred at 
 Gardiner, Maine, a town located on the banks of the picturesque Kennebec 
 river, on the 3d of May, 1830. The Fuller family originally came from Eng- 
 land, the founder of the American branch having located in New England in 
 1634. The paternal grandparents of our subject were William and Lucy (Hodg- 
 kins) Fuller. The former was born in Ipswich, Massachusetts, March lo, 1761, 
 and died in West Gardiner, Maine, in September, 1842. The grandmother was 
 born June lo, 1764, and died May 3, 1846. In their family were eleven children: 
 Hannah, born September 17, 1787; Lucy, born December 14, 1788; Catherine, 
 February 3, 1791; William, February i, 1793; David, January 19, 1795; James, 
 January 12, 1797; Abigail, December 12, 1798; Daniel, February i, i8oi ; Joseph, 
 February 17, 1803; George, July 13, 1807; and Mary Ann, August 20, i8io. 
 All were born in Ipswich, Massachusetts, with the exception of the last named, 
 whose birth occurred in Gardiner, Maine. The father of these children was a 
 cabinet-maker and carpenter by trade and was a veteran of the Revolutionary 
 war, having enlisted in the service three times during the war for independence. 
 The maternal grandparents of our subject were Elisha and Sarah (True) Drew, 
 to whom were born five daughters: Mary, Charlotte, Sarah Ann, Adaline and 
 Hannah. They were likewise residents of Massachusetts, where the grand- 
 father followed the carpenter's trade during his active years. 
 
 The parents of our subject, David and Mary (Drew) Fuller, were both 
 natives of the state of Massachusetts, and there they were likewise reared and 
 married and passed the early years of their domestic life. Subsequently they 
 removed to Gardiner, Maine, formerly a part of Massachusetts, where the father 
 followed his trade during the remainder of his active life. He was a cafpenter and 
 cabinet-maker of rare skill and workmanship, having learned to do exquisite 
 work with the broadax. He was one of the well-to-do citizens of his town, 
 owning his own home, and there both he and his wife passed away at the vener- 
 able age of seventy-four years, his death occurring in 1869 and hers in 1877. 
 In matters of faith they were strictly orthodox and his political support he gave 
 to the whig party. When the second war with Great Britain opened, David 
 Fuller was old enough to enlist and went to the front as the musician of his 
 regiment but did not long remain in the service. He was a public-spirited man 
 and always took much interest in all local political issues and for some years 
 discharged the duties of justice of the peace. Eight children were born to Mr. 
 
y' V HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY V 987 
 
 and Mrs. Fuller, our subject being the fifth in order of birth. The others are 
 as follows: Elizabeth E., Elisha D., DaviH H., Mary C., Sarah H., Rebecca A. 
 and Ursula Anna, who died December 4, 1829. 
 
 Reared on his father's farm in Maine, Erastus Fuller obtained his education 
 in the subscription schools of the vicinity. At the age of fourteen years he laid 
 aside his school books and turned his attention to the carpenter's trade, which 
 he learned under the capable direction of his father. This had been the occupa- 
 tion of the men in both the paternal and maternal lines of his family for several 
 generations and to this fact in all probability can be attributed much of the 
 mechanical skill Mr. Fuller has always manifested. By the time he had attained 
 his majority he was a capable and most creditable representative of his craft, 
 which he successfully followed during the entire period of his active life. He 
 followed his trade in his native state until he was twenty-seven years of age, but, . 
 believing that the newer towns of the west offered greater possibilities, in 1857 
 with his wife and family he came to Illinois. Upon his arrival in the state he 
 first located at Oquawka, Henderson county, where he resided until 1863. In 
 May of the latter year he removed to Galesburg, where he has even since lived,/, 
 having resided in his present home for forty-four years. During the long period 
 of his residence here Mr. Fuller has erected and superintended the construction 
 of many of the best dwellings in the town and has also done the carpenter work 
 in some of the leading public buildings. He was always regarded as one of the 
 best carpenters in the town and one of the most reliable. A man of high honor 
 and integrity, he made it one of the guiding principles of his life to keep his 
 word and to discharge each task to the best of his ability. Consequently he had 
 little difficulty in commanding a high price for his work, as it was always found 
 to be worth the amount charged. When he first located here he only did car- 
 penter work but after his sons became old enough to go to work he leased the old 
 Coulton planing mill, which he operated for fifteen years very successfully. A ' 
 goodly degree of prosperity has attended the efforts of Mr. Fuller, who in addi- 
 tion to his comfortable residence and other property interests has a competence 
 that provides him and his wife with all of the necessities and many of the com- ; 
 forts of life. 
 
 Mr. Fuller has been married twice. His first union was with Miss Elizabeth 
 Merry, a daughter of Samuel and Frances (Barter) Merry, their marriage being 
 celebrated in Maine, on December 9, 1851. Four children were bom to them, as 
 follows : "Lizzie Flora, who died at the age of seven years ; Elmer, who was a 
 babe of eighteen months when he died; Hervey, whose death occurred at the 
 age of one year; and Blanche, who died in infancy. The mother passed away 
 on the 5th of April, 1867. On the 23d of April, 1868, Mr. Fuller married Miss 
 Amelia D. Stancliff, who is a daughter of William and Esther (Belden) Stan- 
 cliff. Mrs. Fuller was born in Knox county, on September 26, 1843, and here 
 she has passed her entire life. Her father was a native of Pennsylvania and 
 her mother of New York, but they were married in the former state, coming 
 from Erie, Pennsylvania, to Knox county in 1843. They located at Center 
 Point in June of that year and there they continued to reside until 1848, when 
 they came to Galesburg. Here William Stancliff passed away on the I5th of 
 August, 1851, at the age of forty-three years. The mother, however, survived 
 until February, 1894, her death occurring at the venerable age of eighty- four. 
 
988 HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY .^' '!.'' 
 
 Seven children were born to Mr. and Mrs. Slancliff, as follows : William Henry 
 Harrison, Mary Anna, Amelia Desire, Emma Arabel, James Russell, David 
 Russell and Daniel Belden. The paternal grandparents of Mrs. Fuller were 
 Russell and Desire (Goodard) Stancliff, natives of Pennsylvania. They had 
 two sons, William and James. Her maternal grandparents were David and 
 Anna (Ensign) Belden, natives of New York, whence they removed to Penn- 
 sylvania, coming from there to Knox county in 1839. Here they both passed 
 away and were laid to rest in Hope cemetery. They had seven children : Par- 
 melia, Esther, Nathaniel, William, Sallie Ann, Daniel Dixon and Susanna Meriel. 
 The family of Mr. Fuller and his second wife numbers six, three daughters and 
 three sons. David, who is a traveling salesman, married Cora Elizabeth Barrer 
 and they reside at Galesburg. Emma, the deceased wife of Dr. Ralph T. Ed- 
 wards, passed away in Siam near Bangkok, in January, 1910, leaving three chil- 
 dren, Ralph Stanclifif, Emma Hammell and Mary Elizabeth. William StanclifF, 
 a postal clerk on the fast mail running from Chicago to Omaha, married Mary 
 Ellen Brooks and resides at La Grange, Illinois. They have one child living, 
 Erastus Brooks. Walter Erastus, the youngest son, died just before graduating 
 from high school in March of 1895. Bessie Mabel is a nurse in Mayo Brothers 
 Hospital at Rochester, Minnesota. Mary Edith, who is the youngest member 
 of the family, is at home with her parents. 
 
 In matters of faith Mr. and Mrs. Fuller are Congregationalists, holding mem- 
 bership in Central church of this city, and his political support he gives to the 
 republicans. He was formerly a whig but when that party was merged into the 
 republican he transferred his allegiance and has ever since cast his ballot for 
 their candidates. Mr. Fuller has witnessed the marvelous development of 
 Galesburg that has accompanied the introduction of modern commercial and in- 
 dustrial methods in keeping with the rapid progress of the times, the inventions 
 that are now common household and business necessities being undreamed of 
 luxuries when he first came here. . .' ' ' -''v !-' 
 
 'VT EDSON REIFSNIDER, D. D. .jj; -;: 
 
 Edson Reif snider, who is dean of Ryder Divinity School, Lombard College, 
 was born in Aurora, Illinois, on the 28th of April, 1868, a son of Vincent and 
 Frances Salina (Gurley) Reifsnider. He acquired his early education in the 
 public schools of Chicago and subsequently entered the divinity department of 
 Tuft's College, Boston, Massachusetts, from which institution he was graduated 
 in 1898 with the degree of B. D. Before entering college Dr. Reifsnider spent 
 ten years in mercantile pursuits in Chicago. During his senior year at Tuft's 
 College he acted as pastor of the New Bedford, Massachusetts, Universalist 
 church. Immediately after his graduation he accepted a pastorate in Danvers, 
 Massachusetts. He remained there until 1892 and the following year removed 
 to Galesburg, where he held a pastorate for six years. In 1903 he also accepted 
 a position as instructor in Ryder Divinity School, Lombard College, and was 
 thus engaged until 1909 when he was chosen dean of the school. He has since 
 occupied that office. In 1911 Buchtel College, Akron, Ohio, conferred upon him 
 the degree of D. D. 
 
REV. EDSOX REIFSNIDER 
 
988 - IIISTOKV OF KXOX COUNTY 
 
 Seven children were horn to Mr. and Mrs. Stancliff. as follows: William Henry 
 Harrist)n. .Mary Anna, .Amelia Desire, Emma .Vrahel, James Russell, David 
 Kussell and Daniel I'.elden. The paternal grandparents of Mrs. Fuller were 
 Russell and Desire ((ioodard) Stancliff, natives of Pennsylvania. They had 
 two sons, \\illiam and James. Her maternal grandparents were David and 
 Anna ( I^nsign i Hclden, natives of Xew York, whence they removed to Penn- 
 sylvania, coming from there to Knox county in 1839. Here they both passed 
 away and were laid to rest in I lope cemetery. They had seven children : Par- 
 melia, Esther, Xathaniel, \\'illiam, Sallie Ann, Daniel Dixon and Susanna Meriel. 
 The family of Mr. I-'uller and his second wife numbers six, three daughters and 
 three sons. David, who is a traveling salesman, married Cora FJix.abeth Uarrer 
 and they reside at ( ialesburg. lunma, the deceased wife of Dr. Ralph T. Ed- 
 wards, passed away in Siam near llangkok, in January, 1910, leaving three chil- 
 dren, Ral]ih Stancliff, Emma Hammell and Mary l-Llizaijeth. \\'illiam Stancliff, 
 a ])ostal clerk on the fast mail running from Chicago to Omalia, married Mary 
 Ellen Brooks and resides at La (Irange, Illinois. They have one child living, 
 Erastus Brooks. \\'alter ICrastus, the youngest son. died just before graduating 
 from high school in .March f)f 1X95. l'essie Mabel is a nurse in Mayo Brothers 
 Hosi)ital at Rochester, Minnesota. Mary Ivlith, who is the youngest member 
 of the family, is at home with her parents. 
 
 In matters of faith Mr. and Mrs. I'uller arc Congregationalists, holding mem- 
 I)ership in Central church of this city, and his political support he gives to the 
 rei)ul)Iicans. He was formerly a whig but when that ])arty was merged into the 
 republican he transferred his allegiance and iias ever since cast his ballot for 
 their candidates. .Mr. Iniller has witnessed the marvelous development of 
 (ialesburg that has accompanied the introduction of modern commercial and in- 
 dustrial methods in keeping with the rai)id progress of the times, the inventions 
 that are now common household and business necessities being undreamed of 
 lu.xuries when he lirst came here. 
 
 EDSOX REIFSXIDER, D. D. - 
 
 l-'dson Reif snider, who is dean of Ryder Divinity School, Lombard College, 
 was born in Aurora, Illinois, on the aSth of Ajiril, iShS, a son of X'incent and 
 l-'rances Salina ( ( iurley ) Reifsnider. He ac(|uired his early education in the 
 ])ublic schools of Chicago and subse(|uently entered the divinity de])artment of 
 Tuft's College, Boston, Massachusetts, from which institntitm he was gratluated 
 in ifN(>S with the degree of B. D. Before entering college Dr. Reifsnider spent 
 ten years in mercantile pursuits in Chicago. During his senior year at Tuft's 
 C'ollege he acted as i)astor of the Xew I'edford, Massachu.setts, L'niversalist 
 church. Immediately after his graduation he accepted a i)astorate in Danvers, 
 Massachusetts. He remained there until 1892 and the following year removed 
 to (Ialesburg, where he held a ])astorate for six years. In 1903 he also accepted 
 a position as instructor in Ryder Divinity School, Lombard College, and was 
 thus engaged until 1909 when he was chosen dean of the school. He has since 
 occujjied that office. In TOII lUichtel College, Akron, (Ohio, conferred u\K>n him 
 the degree of D. D. 
 
ItKV. KDSOX ItKIFSMDKlt 
 
: :; ^:; .; i HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY ; -; 991 
 
 On the ist of October, 1906, Dr. Reifsnider was married in Galesburg to 
 Miss Anna Louise Cutter. He gives his attention exclusively to the best interests 
 of the Ryder Divinity School and is one of the valued members of the faculty 
 of Lombard College. 
 
 '."'.: ^. - ;'' ' -; ,j JOHN puRDY, /vV: rv ;;.. .:-;.-> ''---'^ 
 
 John Purdy was known in business, circles of Galesburg as a pattern-maker 
 and through his well conducted activities reached a point of success that en- 
 abled him to spend his later years in honorable retirement from labor. In early 
 life he learned the pattern-maker's trade, which he followed for a number of 
 years, entering the employ of George Brown. In this connection he displayed 
 marked skill and ability, so that he was able to fill a responsible position and 
 command good wages for his services. His industry and careful expenditure 
 at length brought him a substantial competence and with this he retired to 
 private life about 1886. >'- - '^v''";:'^ - :' 
 
 Mr. Purdy was twice married, his second union being with Mrs. Anna Foote, 
 whom he wedded on the ist of June, 1887. She is a daughter of James and 
 Sarah (Halley) McFarland, of Warren county, Illinois, their home being on 
 the Monmouth road about six miles from Galesburg. Their daughter Anna 
 was twice married, her first husband being Henry Foote, who was born in 
 Illinois, February 5, 1834, and was a son of Francis and Hannah B. (Miles) 
 Foote, both of whom were natives of the east and died in that part of the 
 country when their son Henry was a small child. He afterward came to Illinois 
 with an uncle, Bradley Miles, who settled at Lewistown, this state. Mr. .Foote 
 completed his education as a student in Knox College and for a few years en- 
 gaged in farming but, believing that he was called to the ministry, he engaged 
 in preaching in the Methodist Episcopal church. He was called to his last charge 
 in Oneida, Knox county, in the fall of 1873 and there engaged in preaching until 
 the following year, when he went to Tennessee, where he died on the 5th of 
 January, 1874. His life was ever a consistent and honorable one and was a 
 factor for good in the world's work. His widow afterward returned to her 
 mother's home, where she lived for a year, and then came to Galesburg, placing 
 her children in the high school here. .: 
 
 It was on the 26th of October, 1859, in Warren county, about six miles 
 southwest of Galesburg, that Mr. Foote was united in marriage to Miss Anna 
 McFarland, and the children of this marriage are : Harry Willis, who was born 
 August 12, 1864, in Warren county, Illinois, and is now engaged in the live-stock 
 commission business in St. Joseph, Missouri ; and Winifred Louise, who was 
 born July 31, 1870, in Warren county, Illinois, and is the wife of George 
 Rakstraw, a banker of Wyoming, Illinois, by whom she has four children, Harry 
 Eugene, Roy Delbert, Florence Margaret and Helen Louise. The mother of 
 these children, Mrs. Rakstraw, was educated in Brown's Business College. 
 
 Some years subsequent to the death of her first husband Mrs. Foote, who 
 was born in Warren county, Illinois, October 12, 1842, became the wife of John 
 Purdy. In his political views he was a republican but never sought nor desired 
 
992 . ' HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY ->/ > 
 
 office in recognition of his party fealty. His religious faith was that of the 
 Baptist church, while Mrs. Purdy belongs to the Methodist Episcopal church. 
 She is widely known in this part of the state, where her entire life has been 
 passed, and those who know her, esteem her highly because her life has been a 
 force for good and because her Christian principles have found manifestation 
 in her kindly spirit and charity toward others. 
 
 C: ' ; ; GEORGE A. GIBSON. V ' - / . ; 
 
 George A. Gibson is one of the representative agriculturists of Persifer town-- 
 ship, where he engages in the cultivation of three hundred and twenty acres of 
 land, two hundred and forty of which on section 17, Persifer township, he owns. 
 He was born in Vermilion county, Illinois, on May 22, 1875, and is a son of 
 John H. and Mary (Leadbetter) Gibson. In i88i, the father, who is now de- 
 ceased, removed with his family to Knox county, locating in Persifer township, 
 where he engaged in farming. 
 
 George A. Gibson was a child of six years when he removed with his parents 
 to Knox county, and here he has ever since made his home. His youth was 
 IJassed in the township where he now resides, his education being obtained in 
 the common schools. While he was still in his early boyhood he began assisting 
 his father about the home place, thus acquiring the knowledge that has enabled 
 him to become the successful agriculturist and stockman he is today. When old 
 enough to begin for himself, naturally he adopted the vocation to which he had 
 been trained from childhood, and that his decision was a wise one is evidenced 
 by his present prosperity. He is the owner of two hundred and forty acres of 
 most fertile land on section 17, Persifer township, that is well improved and 
 under high cultivation. His place is fully and thoroughly equipped with all the 
 machinery and appliances deemed essential by the modern farmer for the opera-, 
 tion of the fields, and he has introduced various other conveniences and im- 
 provements in keeping with the spirit of progress that characterizes all of his 
 undertakings. In connection with the cultivation of his fields Mr. Gibson is 
 engaged in stock-raising and is meeting with satisfactory success in both branches 
 of the business. He takes great pride in his farm and his stock, the latter being 
 of high grade, and everything about the place bespeaks the intelligent direction 
 and capable supervision that accompany success. He is a man of progressive 
 ideas, yet is not a theorist, being thoroughly practical in his methods, and directs 
 all of his operations with as careful regard for system as is evidenced by the 
 successful man in any other line of business. He makes a scientific study of his 
 soil, its needs and requirements and the cereal to which it is best adapted, and by 
 the careful and systematic rotation of his crops realizes abundant harvests each 
 year. Mr. Gibson bought his farm of Charles Wyman, and located here imme- 
 diately after his marriage. Although the previous owner had erected all of the 
 buildings he has wrought many changes in the place during the period of his 
 occupancy, and it is now one of the most attractive as well as valuable properties 
 in the community. '. . ' ^ ' !.- ' ; ^ :. -^ ' . ' i. 
 
V JJ: ;; :; HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY -v;v/ 993 
 
 ':.'-" ~ '.''- ' .' -.'' ''V '''''>:- 
 
 For his companion and helpmate Mr. Gibson chose Miss Emma Kellar, and 
 they have become the parents of one son, Roy H., who is attending the local 
 school. Mrs. Gibson is well known in the vicinity being a daughter of William 
 and Katharine Kellar. 
 
 His political support Mr. Gibson always accords to the republican party, and 
 for the past three years he has been serving as road commissioner in Persifer 
 township, and he is also a school director in district 89. He is meeting with 
 financial success in his agricultural pursuits, and in addition to his well stocked 
 farm he is a member and director of the Persifer Telephone Company. Mr. 
 Gibson has at all times fortunately directed his activities so intelligently that he 
 has achieved his purpose. This can be largely attributed to the fact that he is 
 never in doubt about the course he shall pursue, but carefully concentrates his 
 energies upon a definite end with the determination of attaining it. ^^. -:: 
 
 DOUGLAS WILLIAMSON. 
 
 Douglas Williamson, living on section 13, Indian Point toviTiship, is one of 
 the representative farmers of Knox county. His methods are at all times 
 practical, as well as progressive, and the results achieved have placed him with 
 the substantial and successful residents of his community. He was bom in 
 Cedar township, January 29, 1856, a son of James and Sophronia (Bland) 
 Williamson, both of whom were natives of Indiana. The grandfather, Thomas 
 Williamson, was a native of Kentucky and with his family removed to Illinois, 
 settling first in Sangamon county, where he remained for a short time. In 1832 
 he came to Knox county and entered land from the government. Not a furrow 
 had been turned, nor an improvement made upon the place and the family ex- 
 perienced all the hardships and privations of pioneer life, while converting the 
 raw prairie land into productive fields. Thomas Williamson had been a resi- 
 dent of Knox county for only a brief period when he was drafted for service in 
 the Black Hawk war and aided in quelling the Indian uprising in this state, j/ 
 The farm upon which he settled in Cedar township remained his place of resi- ' 
 dence until his death and his wife also died on the old homestead. 
 
 James Williamson, father of Douglas Williamson, accompanied his parents ' ~; 
 on their removal from Indiana to Illinois and was reared in this state. In boy- ' 
 hood he assisted in the arduous task of developing the home farm and later he 
 purchased land and began farming on his own account. For many years he was 
 thus connected with agricultural interests in Knox county, but eventually sold 
 his farm and removed to Abingdon, where he lived retired until his death in 
 1902. He was then seventy-eight years of age. He married Sophronia Bland, 
 whose father, Joshua Bland, was also one of the early settlers of Knox county, 
 arriving here in 1832. She is still living in Abingdon at the advanced age of 
 eighty-four years. In the family of Mr. and Mrs. James Williamson were nine 
 sons and five daughters and twelve of these are still living. The eldest, Mrs. - 
 Mary Bateman is deceased. The oldest surviving member of the family is . 
 Stewart Williamson, now of Galesburg. He was born in an old log schoolhouse 
 of Cedar township, March lo, 1847, was educated in the Brush creek school in 
 
HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY .:-;:;-;;V* I 
 
 that township, and then took up the occupation of farming. For fifteen years 
 he resided in Abingdon, after which he settled on a farm near that town. 
 Eventually, however, he took up his abode in Galesburg, where he now lives. 
 He was married in Abingdon October ii, 1874, to Elizabeth Jones, a native of 
 Monmouth and a daughter of John A. and Nancy (Hart) Jones, who came to 
 Illinois from Virginia and were resident farmers of Knox county until their 
 deaths. Unto Mr. and Mrs. Stewart Williamson were born eight children: 
 Minnie, the wife of Harry Bloomfield of California ; Guy, of this county ; Clyde, 
 of Cedar township; Myrtle, the wife of John Smith of Chicago; L>ou, the wife 
 of Allen Sweborg, living on a farm in Cedar township; Cora, Ethel and James, 
 all at home. Frank M. Williamson, the third member of the family of Mr. and 
 Mrs. James Williamson, is living in Cedar township where he follows farming. 
 Annie, the next of the family, is the wife of R. McGahey. Rachel is the widow 
 of George Swartz and lives in Abingdon. James M., is a resident of Colorado. 
 Douglas is the next of the family. William is a resident of Colorado. Ellen 
 is married and lives in Cedar township. John is a practitioner of osteopathy in 
 Parsons, Kansas. Mary is the wife of Dwight Hunter of Cedar township. 
 Daniel who was killed in a runaway accident in April, 1911, was among the 
 first to go to the Klondyke country, traveling with a company of men who 
 walked over the Chilkoot paths. He remained there one season when his 
 provisions gave out and he was compelled to leave the north. He then went to 
 California where he remained one year and then made his way to Seattle, Wash- 
 ington. While there he enlisted for service in the Spanish-American war and 
 went to the Philippines, taking part in the first battle. He participated alto- 
 gether in thirty-seven engagements, remaining in the islands for three years. On 
 his return to the United States he was mustered out at Seattle and was dis- 
 charged at Washington. D. C. Later he drew a piece of land in Oklahoma, 
 remaining there for some time, but subsequently sold his claim. He then en- 
 gaged in breaking horses and was killed while following that business. Charles, 
 the next of the family, is a farmer living in Cedar township. Edward is an 
 electrician and sketch artist, residing in Denver, Colorado, and the youngest of 
 the family. 
 
 In taking up the personal history of Douglas Williamson, we present to our 
 readers the life record of one of the well known and representative agriculturists 
 of Knox county. He pursued his education in the Warren school and then took 
 up the occupation to which he had been reared. For fourteen years he engaged 
 in breaking horses and did a larger business of that kind than any other man in 
 the county, breaking as many as one hundred and fifty horses in a year. Since 
 then he has confined his attention entirely to general farming, including the 
 cultivation of the cereals best adapted to soil and climate, and also to the raising 
 of stock, making a specialty of thoroughbred Jersey cattle. For the past six 
 years he has lived on his present farm on section 13, Indian Point township, 
 and the neat and thrifty appearance of his place indicates his careful maniage- 
 ment and progressive methods. ' .: ' . ' . -' ^ ' r. T' '-'.- ' :!' 
 
 On the 2Oth of March, 1894, in Galesburg, Mr. Williamson was married to 
 Miss Cora Young, who was born in Fulton county, Illinois, February 24, 1872, 
 a daughter of Asher and Susan (Parks) Young, both of whom were natives of 
 New Jersey and on removing to Illinois settled near Fairview, Fulton county. 
 
HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY ': 995 
 
 when that was a pioneer district. Both Mr. and Mrs. Young are now living with 
 Mr. and Mrs. Williamson. The three children of the latter are : Gladys, Marie 
 and Otis, all at home. The parents are valued members of the Methodist 
 Episcopal church and are loyal to its teachings. Mr. Williamson belongs to 
 Abingdon Lodge No. 185, F. & A. M. and also to the Odd Fellows Lodge of 
 Hermon and the Modern Woodmen Camp at Abingdon. His many sterling 
 traits of character and his business enterprise and ability have gained him a 
 place among the valued citizens of his township and his good qualities have won 
 him many friends. :'';>';>;,;: ^';-li:. -.XiC^'v^r' ' - , ^- -X 'X^; ';'^^'^'''- 
 
 LORENTUS CONGER FERRIS. 
 
 Lorentus Conger Ferris, who is conducting a feed store and transfer line at 
 number 109 South Prairie street, Galesburg, is a native of Knox county, his birth 
 having occurred in this township on the I4th of January, 1869. He is a son of 
 Fred and Elizabeth (Sherman) Ferris, who were also born and reared in this 
 county, where their parents located during the pioneer days. The paternal grand- 
 father, George Ferris, came here about the same time as the Gale family and 
 was numbered among the founders of Galesburg. The maternal grandparents 
 passed the greater part of their lives in this vicinity, where they attained a ripe 
 old age. Their family numbered fourteen. Reared on a farm, during his early 
 manhood Fred Ferris followed agricultural pursuits, but of recent years he has 
 been engaged in gardening in the immediate vicinity of Galesburg. When the 
 call came for troops in the early days of the war, Mr. Ferris responded by en- 
 listing as a private and going to the front, where he remained for three and a 
 half years. There he early displayed the courage and ability that qualified for a 
 more responsible position and he was mustered out with the rank of lieutenant. 
 Upon his return home he resumed the responsibilities of civil life as a farmer, 
 continuing to follow that occupation for some years thereafter. The children 
 of Mr. and Mrs. Ferris numbered thirteen, nine of whom lived to attain maturity, 
 as follows : George, who is living at Bull Frog Fields, Nevada ; Margaret, the 
 widow of Mr. Beckwell, of Los Angeles, California; Lorentus Conger, our sub- 
 ject; Olmstead, who resides at Rock Island; James, of Kenosha, Wisconsin; 
 Harry, who lives in Peoria ; Albert, now a resident of Galesburg ; Edward, who 
 is living in Fairview; and Grant, who is a farmer in Warren township. The 
 mother, who has now passed away was a Methodist in religious faith, and his 
 political support the father accords to the republican party. 
 
 The first six years in the childhood of Lorentus Conger Ferris were passed 
 on the farm where he was born, but he has ever since lived in Galesburg. He 
 attended the public schools until he was old enough to make his own way in the 
 world and engaged in lathing for two years. At the expiration of that time he 
 gave up this trade and for three years thereafter drove a dray, continuing at 
 home until he had attained his maturity. Four years ago, Mr. Ferris estab- 
 lished the business he is now conducting and is meeting with a goodly measure 
 of success in his undertaking. He is one of those who energetically apply them- 
 selves to whatever they engage in, and is using intelligence in the direction of his 
 
. HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY ^^- '::f.^" 
 
 ; ,: . ' .-;'- -'';! .'^ '. 
 
 enterprise. During the four years he has been identified with this activity he has 
 made marked progress in its development, and is now firmly established and 
 thriving. 
 
 Mr. Ferris was married on the ist of July, 1890, to Miss Ida Morg^an, who 
 was born in Indiana and is a daughter of Peter and Catharine (Harris) Morgan. 
 The parents came from Indiana to Knox county many years ago settling on the 
 Gale farm. Agricultural pursuits always engaged the energies of the father, 
 who passed away at the age of sixty years. The mother, however, is still living. 
 They had seven daughters, as follows: Ida, now Mrs. Ferris; Alice; Anna; 
 Rhoda ; Frances, who died at the age of fourteen years ; Lillian ; and one, who 
 was seven at the time of her death. The father. Peter Morgan, was one of those 
 who gave his services in defense of the Union during the Civil war. Mr. and 
 Mrs. Ferris have two daughters, Ethel and Bessie. The family home is located 
 at 198 Cedar avenue, where they own a comfortable and pleasant residence. . 
 
 Mr. Ferris champions the political principles of the republican party, and 
 although he takes an active interest in all municipal affairs, has never sought 
 public office. Mrs. Ferris and their two daughters hold membership in the Meth- 
 odist Episcopal church, and take a helpful interest in the work of its various 
 organizations. He is a most worthy representative of one of the highly respected 
 pioneer families, and is held in favorable regard by his many friends, the ma- 
 jority of whom have known him from early boyhood. 
 
 HEXRY C. BLOOM. ;.;: 
 
 .Among the farmers of Persifer township who have prospered as the result 
 of untiring and faithful labor is Henry C. Bloom, the owner of eighty acres of 
 land on section 13. A native of Sweden, he was born September 21, 1865. His 
 grandfather was Constan Sunderman Bloom, a wealthy sea captain, who on one 
 of his voyages was wrecked at sea for three weeks and after five days of float- 
 ing on the water was picked up by a passing ship. John Jaskrith Bloom, father 
 of Henry C. Bloom, was also a native of Sweden, born in 1818. His occupation 
 was that of agriculturist and he performed his duties with an additional degree 
 of success because of the liberal education which he had received. He married 
 Carolina Johnston, a countrywoman of his, born in 1828, who had also received 
 a good education m the land of her birth. She was a daughter of Jonas John- 
 ston. Mr. Bloom was ten years his wife's senior and after her death, in 
 1908, he survived her by only two years, both being buried in Saby cemetery, in 
 Jankopinglan, Sweden. They were both zealous members of the Lutheran church. 
 Their family consisted of four children, three girls and one boy, two of the girls 
 being deceased. Only Henry C. and one sister now survive. 
 
 Henry C. Bloom after finishing his education, in 1887, when only twenty-two 
 years of age, with the initiative and courage characteristic of those who make a 
 success of life, set out unaccompanied for America, reaching Knox county, where 
 he labored for three months as a section hand. Then going to Dahinda, Illinois, 
 he worked for two years on the Santa Fe Railroad, after which he began his 
 career as a farmer. On January ii, 1893, he married Christiana Matteson, a 
 
OF KNOX COUNTY '-;. 997 
 
 native of Sweden, born December 5, 1845, ^"^ the youngest child of John and 
 Anna Catherine (Pearson) Svidbeurg. John Svidbeurg was born in 1805, and 
 his wife, in 1809, both being natives of Sweden, where they spent their entire 
 lives, he dying in 1876, and she in 1882. They were the parents of five children, 
 three girls and two boys. One brother and one sister of Mrs. Bloom also came 
 to America, the sister residing in Bloomington, Illinois, and the brother in 
 Orange township, Knox county. After receiving her education Christiana Svid- 
 beurg came to America at the age of twenty-five, living iri Galesburg for two 
 years and at Knoxville for six months prior to her marriage to her first husband, 
 a Mr. Matteson, deceased. Two children were born of her first marriage: Ella 
 Amanda, who is the wife of W. H. Webb, of Persifer township, and mother of 
 Marion Eleanor, Margaret Christiana, and Maurice Matteson and Madeline, 
 twins; and Minnie Esther, who is the wife of Henry Westergreen, residing in 
 Copley township, and mother of Vivian lone, Harold Love and Nellie Christiana. 
 After his marriage Mr. Bloom purchased a farm of Judge Craig, in Persifer 
 township, which tract being unimproved he has cultivated, erecting on it good 
 buildings and converting it into an attractive place. His farming has been along 
 general lines and he also raises cattle, hogs and horses. Mr. Bloom has been very 
 active in furthering the interests of his community. He is a stockholder in the 
 Dahinda- Victoria Mutual Telephone Company, has given much attention to the 
 schools of his district and has served one term as school director. He is loyal 
 to the republican party and is socially connected with the Fraternal Reserve Life 
 Association, Dahinda Lodge, No. 2, being chaplain of the local lodge. Mr. 
 Bloom is a true representative of the land of his birth, sturdy, persevering, re- 
 liable, and these qualities have made him a highly honored citizen. 
 
 ;;.;, ;:..i:"^^ ^ , /.;/.;' E. s. WILLARD. ' -.;?::.:> .-. -J-'..::. 
 
 E. S. Willard is one of the highly successful and capable business men of 
 Williamsfield, where he located three years ago, founding the enterprise that he 
 and R. L. Reed are now conducting under the firm name of E. S. Willard & 
 Company. His birth occurred in Marshall county, this state in 1878, and he is 
 the only child born of the marriage of J. E. and Martha (Schanck) Willard. 
 His father, who is also a native of Marshall county, was for many years en- 
 gaged in the restaurant business, but he now has charge of the cemetery at Prince- 
 ville, and both he and the mother reside in that city. 
 
 When old enough to begin his education E. S. Willard entered the public 
 schools of Lawn Ridge, which he attended until he had reached the age of six- 
 teen years. Feeling that he had sufficient knowledge to enable him to begin 
 preparations for his business career, he then laid aside his text-books and entered 
 Ziegler's furniture and undertaking establishment of Peoria, of which there was 
 a branch at Lawn Ridge. From there he went to Wyoming, where he continued 
 to follow the same business for eight years, thus ably qualifying himself to con- 
 duct a similar place of his own. In 1908 he came to Williamsfield and opened 
 the establishment of E. S. Willard & Company, which has developed in a most 
 gratifying manner during the three years of its existence. Mr. Willard was at 
 
998 HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY 4v 
 
 first alone in the business, but soon took in E. T. Merry as a partner. Upon 
 the latter's death in 1910, Mr. Reed purchased his interest and has ever since 
 been connected with the enterprise. It is the only furniture store in the town 
 and they also carry a varied assortment of carpets, hardware, crockery, wall 
 paper and musical instruments. In connection with their household furnishings 
 they maintain an undertaking department, which is among the most complete to 
 be found in a town of this size in the state. Mr. Willard gives his personal at- 
 tention to this department of their business and discharges his duties in a man- 
 ner becoming its dignity and solemnity. In their store, due to its excellent loca- 
 tion and attractiveness, they have enjoyed a good and growing patronage from 
 the first, and being pleasant and agreeable as well as accommodating they have 
 succeeded in retaining satisfied customers and in adding to them continually. '.. . 
 Every department of the store is flourishing, and they are having particularly - 
 large sales in musical instruments, especially pianos. .. r ' 
 
 Mr. Willard was married while residing in Wyoming to Miss Ida Osborn, '^^, ,.\ 
 a resident of that place, the event being celebrated in April, 1901. .. I- '^^ ?>'.;',; 
 
 Fraternally Mr. Willard is affiliated with the Independent Order of Odd Fel- 
 lows, having taken all degrees to the Encampment. He is one of the wide-awake, 
 alert and progressive business men of Williamsfield, who is not alone interested 
 in the development of his own enterprise but in that of the community at large, 1 -^ . 
 and he can always be depended upon to give his support and cooperation to every '.V". 
 movement that he feels will be of general benefit to the citizens of the town and ;'. V 
 surrounding districts. , -/ '- 
 
 ,;% PROFESSOR WILLIAM EDWARD SIMONDS. 
 
 Professor William Edward Simonds, professor of English in Knox College 
 since 1889 and a well known contributor to the text-books of the schools, was 
 born in September lo, 1860, in Peabody, Massachusetts, a son of Edward and 
 Mary A. (Chase) Simonds. The father was also a native of the old Bay state, 
 having been born at Ipswich, Massachusetts, December 30, i8ii. He was the sec- 
 ond of the ten children of Charles and Mary (Stacy) Simonds, who were married 
 in 1808. The former was born in 1786 and passed away in 1851, while his wife, 
 who was born in 1788, died in 1874. Their children continued to live in Pea- 
 body or that vicinity until called from this life, the death of Edward Simonds 
 there occurring July 4, 1873. In early manhood he had wedded Mary A. Chase, 
 who was bom in Bushwick, a borough of Brooklyn, New York, August ii, 1828. 
 Shortly after her birth her parents rehioved to Massachusetts, occupying for 
 two years the old Whittier homestead in East Haverhill, following the removal 
 of the poet to Amesbury. Thereafter the family settled permanently in Hudson, 
 New Hampshire. Her ancestry is traced back to Humphrey and Rebekah (Nich- 
 ols) Chase. The former, who was born in 1779, died in 1860, and the latter, 
 born in 1780, died in 1848. They were the parents of John Chase, who was born 
 in Plaistow, New Hampshire, in 1802, and was married in 1827 to Martha L. 
 Rhodes, of Lynn, Massachusetts, a daughter of Thomas and Ruth (Marston) 
 Rhodes. John Chase died in Nashua, New Hampshire, in 1888. He was the 
 
PROF. WILLIAM E. SIMOXDS 
 
998 HISTORY OF KXOX COUNTY 
 
 first alone in the business, l)Ut soon took in E. T. Merry as a partner. Upon 
 the latter's death in 1910, Mr. Reed purchased his interest and has ever since 
 been connected with the enterprise. It is the only furniture store in the town 
 and they also carry a varied assortment of carpets, hardware, crockery, wall 
 paper and musical instruments. In connection \vitli their household furnishings 
 they maintain an undertaking department, which is among the most complete to 
 be found in a town of this size in the state. Mr. \\ illard gives his personal at- 
 tention to this department of their business and discharges his duties in a man- 
 ner becoming its dignity and solemnity. In their store, due to its excellent loca- 
 tion and attractiveness, they have enjoyed a good and growing patronage from 
 the first, and being ])leasant and agreeable as well as accommodating they have 
 succeeded in retaining satisfied customers and in adding to them continually. 
 Every department of the store is flourishing, and they are having i)articularly 
 large sales in musical instruments, especially i)ianos. 
 
 Mr. \\'illard was married while residing in Wyoming to Miss Ida Osborn, 
 a resident of that place, the event being celebrated in April, 1901. I 
 
 Fraternally Mr. \\ illard is affiliated with the Independent Order of Odd Fel- 
 lows, having taken all degrees to the Encamjmient. He is one of the wide-awake, 
 alert and ])n>gressive l)usiness men of \\ illiamslield, who is not alone interested 
 in the develoi)ment of his own enteri)rise but in that of the community at large, 
 and he can always be de])ended upon to give his supi)ort and cooperation to every 
 movement that he feels will be of general benefit to the citizens of the town and 
 surrotmding districts. 
 
 PROFFS.^OR \VILLIA.M EDWARD SIMOXDS. 
 
 Professor \\'illiam Edward Simonds, professor of English in Kno.x College 
 since 1889 and a well known contributor to the text-lK;oks of the schools, was 
 born in September lo, iSCo, in Peabody, Massachusetts, a son of Edward and 
 Mary A. (Chase) Simonds. The father was also a native of the old Bay state, 
 having been Ixirn at Ij^swich, Massachusetts, December 30, iSii. He was the sec- 
 ond of the ten children of Charles and Mary (Stacy) Simonds, who were married 
 in 1808. The former was born in 1786 and passed away in 1851, while his wife, 
 who was born in 1788, died in 1874. Their children continued to live in Pea- 
 lx)dy or that vicinity until called from this life, the death of Edward Simonds 
 there occurring July 4, 1873. In early manhood he had wedded Mary A. Chase, 
 who was l)orn in Bushwick, a borough of Brooklyn, Xew York, August ii, 1828. 
 Shortly after her l)irth her parents removed to Massachusetts, occupying for 
 two years the old \\hittier homestead in East Haverhill, following the removal 
 of the i>oet to Amesbury. Thereafter the family settled jiermanently in Hudson, 
 Xew Hampshire. Her ancestry is traced back to Hum])hrey and Rebekah (Xich- 
 ols) Chase. The former, who was born in 1779, died in 18(0, and the latter, 
 born in 1780, died in 1848. They were the i^arents of John Chase, who was born 
 in Plaistow, Xew Hamjj.shire, in 1802, and was married in 1827 to Martha L. 
 Rhodes, of Lynn, Massachusetts, a daughter of Thomas and Ruth (Marston) 
 Rhodes. John Chase died in Xashua, Xew Hampshire, in 1888. He was the 
 
IM{OF. WIMJA.M i;. SIMON I )S 
 
.';; ,.:;,:^::.. : HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY ;^ ..-, looi 
 
 father of Mrs. Mary A. Simonds, who was the eldest in a family of ten chil- 
 dren and is now living in the home of her son, Professor Simonds, in Galesburg, 
 The childhood and youth of Professor Simonds were passed in Peabody, 
 Massachusetts, formerly known as South Danvers, a parish of the ancient town 
 of Danvers, adjoining the city of Salem, noted in colonial history as the scene 
 of the witchcraft delusion. South Danvers was the birthplace of George Pea- 
 body, who became prominent as a banker in London and famous as a philan- 
 thropist, and at his death the town took the name of Peabody in his honor. Pro- 
 fessor Simonds pursued his education in the public schools of that place and 
 afterward spent the year of 1878-9 in the Phillips Andover Academy. In 1879 
 he entered Brown University, from which he was graduated in 1883 with the 
 degree of Bachelor of Arts. He was thirteen years of age at the time of his 
 father's death. The family inherited little or no property and his education was 
 obtained at considerable sacrifice and with much hard work. He has always 
 accredited much of his success to his mother ; she had been a school teacher prior 
 to her marriage and was ambitious for her son and anxious that he should have 
 a college education. While they both worked to accomplish the object before 
 them. Professor Simonds has always said that he felt sure that his moth?r car- 
 ried the larger burden. During his college days she boarded some of the stu- 
 dents in her home and thus provided for the support of her family, while Pro- 
 fessor Simonds at different periods worked in the Providence public library, 
 taught in the evening schools and during the summer vacations engaged in such 
 employment as usually claims the attention of college students. For two sum- 
 mers he was storekeeper at Rocky Point, a great shore resort on Narragansett 
 Bay. He afterward acted as station agent for the Stonington line at Oakland 
 Beach, another resort, through one summer, and undoubtedly these experiences, 
 due to necessity, were not the least valuable part of his education. 
 ; Following the completion of his college course Professor Simonds engaged 
 in teaching for two years in the high school of Providence, Rhode Island, to 
 which place he and his mother had removed in 1879, making that city their home 
 until the summer of 1885, when they went to Germany. During the fall and 
 succeeding winter he was a student in the University of Berlin, after which he 
 and his mother went to Strassburg, where he continued his studies until the 
 spring of 1888, at which time he passed his examinations and received his Ph. D. 
 degree from the university. His work had been in the field of English litera- 
 ture and Teutonic philology. On returning to the United States he spent one 
 year at Cornell University at Ithaca, New York, as instructor in German, and 
 in 1889 received a call to the chair of English in Knox College, where he has 
 since remained, making this one of the most attractive departments of the in- 
 stitution. The work done is thorough and comprehensive, bringing to the pupils 
 a wide knowledge of the best literature of our race. Professor Simonds has 
 written and edited several text-books for the use of students of English litera- 
 ture, the first of these being the thesis which he prepared at Strassburg Sir 
 Thomas Wyat and his Poems (1889). He published an Introduction to the 
 Study of English Fiction in 1894, a Student's History of English Literature in 
 1902, a Student's History of American Literature in 1909 and has edited school 
 editions of Scott's Ivanhoe, De Quincey's Revolt of the Tartars. Mrs. Gaskell's 
 Cranford, Scott's Quentin Durward, Washington's Farewell Address and Web- 
 
 Vol. n 46 
 
1002 HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY Uj^O 
 
 ster's First Bunker Hill Oration. Professor Simonds is also a contributor to 
 The Dial. During 1904 he gave courses of lectures in the summer session of 
 the University of Illinois and in 1907 and again in 1908 he taught through the 
 summer sessions at the Ohio State University, while in 1911 he again taught at 
 the University of Illinois. At its commencement exercises in June, 1911, Brown 
 University honored him by conferring upon him the degree of Doctor of Let- 
 ters. He has lectured frequently on subjects connected with literature and dur- 
 ing the period when university extension was most i>opular, from 1890 until 
 1900, he gave many courses in cities and towns in Illinois, particularly in Peoria 
 and Quincy and also in Burlington, Iowa. He has delivered many addresses 
 before teachers' institutes in central Illinois and has taken an advanced position 
 upon many points which have proven important elements in upholding the stand- 
 ard of education in the state. 
 
 Professor Simonds has cooperated in many projects which are allied inter- 
 ests of school work. He is a member of the Modern Language Association and 
 the National Council of Teachers of English. For many years he has been a 
 director of the Galesburg public library. In connection with his duties as pro- 
 fessor of the college he is also discharging those of secretary of the faculty. 
 He is a member of the Delta Upsilon, a college fraternity, and since 1876 has 
 been a member of the Baptist church, serving at the present time on the board 
 of trustees of the First Baptist church of Galesburg. He is president of the 
 Associated Charities of Knox county and no good work done in the name of 
 charity or religion seeks his aid in vain. His political allegiance has always been 
 given to the republican party and it is a well known fact that Professor Simonds' 
 position upon any vital question is never an equivocal one. 
 
 In 1898, at Chicago, Professor Simonds was united in marriage to Miss Kath- 
 erine L. Courtright, daughter of Rev. Calvin W. Courtright, a Presbyterian 
 clergyman. For some years prior to her marriage Mrs. Simonds followed the 
 profession of teaching, conducting for a short time a private school for children 
 and young women in Chicago. In 1896-7 she acted as dean of women in Knox 
 College. By her marriage she has become the mother of three claughters, Mar- 
 jorie, Katherine and Eleanor. .' ^^ :.:::>/;" . I '' . 
 
 Such in brief is the history of Professor Simonds, who throughout his entire 
 career has never chosen the second best but has sought always those things which 
 are of greatest value to the individual and to the community and at all times has 
 made his life a serviceable factor for good in the world's work. ', -, 
 
 : :;v, . JOHN A. JOHNSTON. ^ . - ' ;: 
 
 John A. Johnston, who owns and operates a farm in Walnut Grove township, 
 Knox county, was born on the i8th of August, 1866, in this township. He is a 
 son of Joseph and Jeannette (Anderson) Johnston, the former a native of Sorn, 
 Ayrshire, Scotland, who came to America early in life and located in Altona. 
 At first he was employed by the month on a farm but subsequently purchased a 
 tract for himself. During this time he was also engaged in hauling merchandise 
 by team from Galesburg to Pikes Peak, Colorado. He made two round trips, 
 
HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY .r; 1003 
 
 usually making thirty miles a day. After this he returned to engage in farming 
 in Walnut Grove township but while thus occupied he secured a claim in a gold 
 mine, which brought him some profits. During the war he deposited this money 
 in the Galesburg Bank and later purchased the first eighty acres of the farm 
 upon which he resided during the remainder of his life. He brought this farm 
 under a high state of cultivation and devoted much of his time to stock-dealing. 
 He was a member of the Presbyterian church and, though he never held political 
 office, was greatly interested in the welfare of the community. Mrs. Jeannette 
 (Anderson) Johnston is of Scotch ancestry, her father being James Anderson, 
 a son of John Anderson, and the mother Miss Mary Borland. The father was 
 bom in Ayrshire, Scotland, and was a blacksmith by trade, following his occu- 
 pation all his life in his native country. In 1860 he came to America and made 
 his home with his son A. B. Anderson in Knox county, where he died in 1865. 
 A. B. Anderson, the brother of Mrs. Johnston, is a prominent banker and the 
 senior member of the firm of A. B. Anderson & Son, of Oneida. There were 
 nine children in the Anderson family. To Mr. and Mrs. Johnston five 'children 
 were born : Mary, who is the wife of Thomas Wade, of Galva, Illinois ; John 
 A., who is the subject of this review ; and Isaac, Henry and Maggie, all residing 
 in Galva. Mr. Johnston's second marriage was to Miss Maggie Meikle, who 
 is now residing in Galva, and to this union two children were born: Jeannette, 
 who is the wife of John Anderson ; and William, who is living in Galva. 
 
 John A. Johnston spent his youth and boyhood attending the district school 
 and on the home farm, where he was early trained to the best methods of tilling 
 the soil and caring for the crops. He started upon his independent career on a 
 part of the home farm, where he engaged in general farming and stock-raising, 
 in which he has met with the success which is the reward of persistent effort, 
 diligent labor and constant application. 
 
 Mr. Johnston was married to Miss Abbie Lytton, whose birth occurred in 
 1867 and who is a daughter of Ezra and Rhoda Lytton. To this union two chil- 
 dren have been born, Ray, who is eight, and LxDren, who is five years of age. Mr. 
 Johnston devotes his whole attention to agricultural pursuits and has never been 
 an active member of any political party, church or lodge. He has been a resi- 
 dent of the county throughout his life and is regarded as one of the substantial 
 and progressive farmers, displaying in all of his undertakings an energy which 
 has enabled him to overcome any difficulties and obstacles that have arisen. ;. 
 
 \: . V THOMAS W. THOMSON, M. D. -:-:/-v':"?v 
 
 Dr. Thomas W. Thomson, numbered among the alumni of Rush Medical 
 College and successfully engaged in practice in Knoxville, was born in Truro 
 township, Knox county, January 27, 1873, a son of P. W. and Mary S. (Lap- 
 ham) Thomson, both of whom were natives of Ohio. The father was a me- 
 chanic and wood worker who in early life came to Illinois, where he was mar- 
 ried. He settled first in Macon county but after a year came to Knox county 
 and was identified with industrial interests here for a considerable period. For 
 the past thirty-five years he and his wife have made their home in Yates City 
 
1004 HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY .^;;v'^ 
 
 and their sterling worth has won for them the high regard and friendship of 
 many with whom they have been brought in contact. In their family were the 
 following children: Morton W., who is a resident of Calgary, Canada; LeRoy 
 A., a retired farmer living at Galesburg; Frank D., the principal of a high school 
 at Springfield, Illinois; Preston W., an attorney of Los Angeles, California; 
 and Thomas W., of this review. ' - ... T ."^v- 
 
 Dr. Thomson, whose name introduces this review, spent his boyhood days 
 in Yates City, where he attended the public schools and after completing his 
 course there received a certificate that entitled him to teach. He followed that 
 profession for four years or from 1891 until 1895, when, desiring to make fur- 
 ther advancement along educational lines, he matriculated in Knox College, 
 where he spent the succeeding four years as a student. Even then he was not 
 satisfied with his educational training and from 1899 until 1903 attended the 
 University of Chicago, from which he was graduated on the i5th of January of 
 the latter year, winning the degree of Bachelor of Science. His broad literary ., 
 education served as an excellent foundation for his professional knowledge, 
 which was gained in Rush Medical College of Chicago. In 1898 he had been 
 awarded a state teacher's certificate. The success which he gained in that field 
 foreshadowed the results which were to crown his efforts since he has entered 
 upon active practice. In the meantime, however, the military chapter in his 
 life history was written, covering his service in the Spanish-American war. He 
 enlisted on the i6th of April, 1898, as a member of Company C, Sixth Illinois 
 Volunteer Infantry, and was in the service at Porto Rico, returning to New 
 York on the I3th of September, 1898. On the 25th of November he was mus- 
 tered out at Springfield, Illinois, having done active duty in the West Indies and 
 made for himself a creditable record. 
 
 Following his graduation from Rush, Dr. Thomson entered upon the practice 
 of medicine and surgery in Elmwood, Peoria county, Illinois, where he re- 
 mained for three years and then returned to Knox county, settling in Knox- 
 ville. He is said to be one of the busiest physicians and surgeons in the county, 
 constantly overburdened by the demands which are made upon his professional 
 service. He is very painstaking and conscientious in the performance of his 
 professional duties, is most careful in the diagnosis of his cases and is seldom, 
 if ever, at fault in predicting the outcome of disease, while as operator he has 
 obtained wide recognition. 
 
 While Dr. Thomson's life work is that of the practice of medicine and sur- 
 gery, he has become equally widely known in musical circles, having developed 
 the marked talent with which nature endowed him until his ability has gained 
 him wide recognition. For three years he was a director of the band at the Uni- 
 versity of Chicago and received there a baton, which was the highest honor for 
 professorship. He was also solo cornetist of the Sixth Regiment Band and is 
 now first violinist in the Conservatory of Music Band of Knox College. More- 
 over, he has done much to foster and stimulate musical taste and talent in this 
 and other sections of the state. 
 
 It was on the 24th of June, 1903, in Galesburg, that Dr. Thomson was united 
 in marriage to Miss Agnes Bollenbach. who was born in that city October 22, 
 1879, a daughter of Peter and Christina Bollenbach, both of whom were natives 
 of Germany. The father is now deceased but the mother yet resides in Gales- 
 
HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY 
 
 1005 
 
 burg. Unto E>r. and Mrs. Thomson have been born four children: William H., 
 Berwin, Florence H. and Frank. The family is well known socially and the hos- 
 pitality of the best Jiomes in Galesburg and the county is cordially extended 
 them. Dr. Thomson holds membership in Pacific Lodge, No. 66, A. F. & A. M.; 
 Ravinia Chapter, No. 95, R. A. M. ; and Illinois Council, No. 91, R. & S. M. He 
 is a member of the Methodist Episcopal church, cordially and actively support- 
 ing the different departments of the church work. His professional relation- 
 ships are with the Knox County and Illinois State Medical Societies and he is 
 the official medical examiner for the United States Marine Corps at Knoxville. 
 In every relation of life his labors have been actuated by a high sense of duty 
 and a laudable ambition that has prompted him to reach out for the best, whether 
 for his own benefit or for the community at large. Early in life he set his mark 
 high and has used every available opportunity to reach that level. - ":' > - ' : 
 
 DORRANCE W. ALDRICH, M. D. 
 
 A record of the medical profession in Galesburg would be very incomplete 
 and unsatisfactory were not prominent reference made to Dr. Dorrance W, 
 Aldrich, who for thirty years was a practitioner here, capable, energetic and con- 
 scientious. He was born in Boone county, Illinois, near Belvidere, April i, 1846, 
 his parents being William and Sarah Ann (Bassett) Aldrich, the former of whom 
 was born at Binghamton, New York, September 25, 1809, and the latter a native 
 of Pennsylvania, born at East Smithfield, July 26, 1812. They were married at 
 Smithfield, Pennsylvania, March 30, 1834. Making the trip overland, they 
 located in Boone county, where the father devoted his time to farming. Just 
 before the Civil war he came to Knox county, settling about four miles north 
 of Galesburg, in Henderson township, where he owned and cultivated a farm, 
 making his home there until his demise. He was a republican in his political 
 views and a Presbyterian in his religious faith. His wife also belonged to the 
 same church. Following the death of her husband she removed to Abilene, 
 Kansas, where she made her home with a daughter until she, too, passed away 
 January i6, 1902. In their family were twelve children: Chauncey S.. now 
 deceased ; Owen J., living at Grand Junction, Colorado ; Francis, deceased ; Jul- 
 ian B., whose home is in Omaha, Nebraska ; Dorrance W. ; Clara, the wife of 
 James Dickson, of Quincy, Illinois; Laurin W., living in Council Bluffs. Iowa; 
 Nora, the wife of Frank Morse, of Abilene, Kansas ; Norman K., of Galesburg ; 
 Percy, Prentice and Jesta, all now deceased. . . 
 
 Dr. Aldrich pursued his preliminary education in the schools of Henderson 
 township and afterward had the benefit of a course in Knox College, thus through 
 broad literary training laying the foundation for his professional knowledge. 
 He prepared for the practice of medicine as a student in Rush Medical College 
 and entered upon the active work of the profession at Gilson, Illinois, where 
 he remained for two and a half years. He then entered the Bellevue Hospital 
 College of New York, and completed a course with the class of 1874. Thus 
 still better equipped for the onerous and responsible duties which devolved 
 upon him, he returned to Gilson, where he continued in practice until 1879. 
 
1006 HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY ,. :. 
 
 That year witnessed his arrival in Galesburg, where he remained until his death, 
 which occurred on the 8th of May, 1909. He held to a high standard of pro- 
 fessional ethics and gave to his patients the benefit of unwearied service and of 
 superior talent and wide knowledge. He was always most careful in the diag- ,-,; 
 nosis of his cases and the excellent results which followed his labors secured him , 
 an extensive practice. Moreover, he was active in the establishment of the 
 Galesburg Hospital and served on its staff for several years. 
 
 Dr. Aldrich was married twice. On the ist of August, 1873, he wedded 
 Miss Marguerite McBride, a daughter of A. D. and Sarah (McCandlass) Me- , 
 Bride, of Knoxville. Unto them were born four children: Blanche, now the 
 wife of Charles May, of Peoria, Illinois; Mabel, who was born November 29, . 
 1875, and died May i6, 1898; Sarah Gertrude, now the wife of Anthony J. ' 
 Caldwell, of Stoutsville, Missouri; and Julian Karl, also of Stoutsville. For his : 
 second wife Dr. Aldrich chose Miss Martha Graham, whom he wedded on the 
 3d of February, 1903. Her parents were William F. and Margaret ( Hutchin- ' . 
 son) Graham, who resided in Mercer county, Illinois, near Alexis. Her father 
 was born in Huntingdon county, Pennsylvania, March 13, 1833, and her mother's ; 
 birth occurred in the same state, August 14, 1836. They were married in Mercer 
 county, Illinois, August 19, 1858, and Mr. Graham devoted his time to general 
 farming. He had come to the middle west with his mother in 1839 and was 
 educated near Oquawka, Henderson county, after which he concentrated his ener- 
 gies upon the work of tilling the soil and in his well directed efforts provided a 
 comfortable living for his family. In 1894 he retired to private life with a com- : 
 fortable competence and removed to Galesburg, where he died on the 26th of - 
 January, 1910. His wife had passed away at Denver, Colorado, August 9, 1892, .- 
 when they were on a pleasure trip. Mr. Graham had given his political support 
 to the democratic party and had served as township assessor. He attended the 
 Presbyterian church at Norwood, Illinois, and was a man of many admirable ' 
 traits of character. Mrs. Aldrich traces her ancestry back in the maternal line 
 through several generations. Her great-grandfather, John Hutchinson, was a 
 soldier of the Revolutionary war, rendering valuable aid in the establishment of 
 American independence. His son, who bore the name of Henry Hutchinson, was 
 born in Pennsylvania and devoted his life to farming. He and his wife, Mary ; 
 Brown Hutchinson, were the parents of Margaret Hutchinson, who became the ' 
 wife of William Graham. Unto this marriage six children were born, namely: 
 Mildred, now the wife of Arthur Olin, of Alexis, Illinois; Mary, the wife of ' 
 Charles E. Anderson, also of Alexis; Arthur H., who is living in the same place; 
 Daniel H., a resident of Ursa, Illinois; Margaret, the wife of Sidney C. West, 
 of Denver, Colorado ; and Mrs. Aldrich. The last named was born in Alexis, 
 in Mercer county, April 20, 1877, and supplemented her common-school educa- 
 tion by study in the schools of Galesburg. By her marriage she became the v 
 mother of an interesting little son. Max William, who was born in Galesburg,' 
 December 3, 1903. ' 
 
 The family circle was broken by the hand of death, when on the 8th of May, 
 1909, Dr. Aldrich was called to his final rest. In his passing Galesburg lost a . 
 valued and representative citizen, who had done much for the public welfare. ; 
 From the time that age conferred upon him the right of franchise he .supported 
 the republican party and in 1887 was called to the office of mayor, which he 
 
fr.:! V ; . J HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY; ' :cv 1007 
 
 filled for a two years' term, making a good record as the chief executive of the 
 city. He was also at one time county coroner. His religious faith was that of 
 the Presbyterian church, but he was never narrowly sectarian, and in his charity 
 and in his kindly thought he reached out in sympathy to all who needed aid or 
 encouragement. He was entitled to wear the Grand Army button for in 1864 
 he enlisted as a private of Company E, One Hundred and Forty-eighth Illinois 
 Volunteer Infantry. Later he was detailed for duty on the staff of General 
 Dudley. He afterward joined the Galesburg post and thus maintained pleasant 
 relations with his old army comrades throughout his remaining days. He also 
 held membership with the Benevolent Protective Order of Elks. In strictly pro- 
 fessional lines he was connected with the Knox County and the Illinois State ; 
 Medical Societies and through their proceedings kept in close touch with the ' 
 advanced work being done by the medical profession. He always remained a 
 close student of the science of medicine and his ready understanding of its rela- 
 tion to practical needs made him very successful in his chosen life work. Many 
 a household of Galesburg regarded him most kindly, not only because of aid he 
 had rendered professionally, but also because of his sterling worth as a man 
 whom to know was to respect and honor. January i, 1886, he was appointed 
 local surgeon for the Chicago, Burlington & Quincy Railroad with headquarters 
 at Galesburg, and served in that capacity up to the time of his death. 
 
 JOHN H. RICE. 
 
 John H. Rice is one of the well known business men of Williamsfield, where 
 for many years he has been engaged in buying and shipping stock. He was 
 born in Victoria township, Knox county, in 1854, and is a son of Foster and 
 Harriet (Aldridge) Rice, the father a native of the state of New York and 
 the mother of Indiana. When he was a very young lad Foster Rice came to 
 Illinois with his parents, and the remainder of his life was spent in Peoria 
 and Knox counties, where he engaged in farming. He was living in Victoria 
 township, where for many years he had been engaged in agricultural pursuits, 
 at the time of his death, which occurred at the age of sixty-seven years. Of 
 the marriage of Mr. and Mrs. Foster Rice there were born six children : Henry ; 
 Mrs. Eliza Aden; John H., our subject; George; Arthur; and Alvin. 
 
 As he was reared in the country John H. Rice acquired his education in 
 the common schools, during which time he gave his father such assistance as 
 he was able in the operation of the home farm. When he had obtained such 
 knowledge as was deemed essential to enable him to assume the heavier respon- 
 sibilities, he left school and devoted his entire attention to the work of the 
 fields, remaining under the parental roof for five years thereafter. At the ex- 
 piration of that time he began his independent agricultural career and farmed 
 as a renter for several years. He next removed to Missouri, but at the ex- 
 piration of two years he returned to Knox county, settling in Williamsfield, 
 where he subsequently became associated with Peter A. Sunwall in buying and 
 shipping stock. He has ever since engaged in this business in which he has 
 met very good success. .^ . ., ' , . 
 
1008 ' :-^ HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY ,,, . j,, ; 
 
 Mr. Rice has been married three times. His first union was with Miss 
 Ella Goodspeed, and unto them were born two children; Carl and Mrs. Maud 
 Davis. He subsequently married Miss Hannah Hammond, while his present 
 wife was formerly Miss Tillie Anderson, a daughter of the late Adolphus 
 Anderson, who was a farmer jn Victoria township. Unto Mr. Rice and his 
 third wife there have been bom two children, Vera and John. 
 
 Both Mr. and Mrs. Rice hold membership in the Methodist Episcopal church, 
 and politically he is a republican. He always takes an active interest in all 
 municipal and township affairs and has served with efficiency in a number of 
 the township offices. 
 
 X, .^, 
 
 : > ; G. L. HEDSTROM. c. ' ; V ; ':: .. v 
 
 .. -'^'^^V.':-.': - ' .- " O--^'-,. - ' ''';':' -^'' .' 'v^"^^.'.cv^; f' 
 
 A well improved and highly cultivated farm of four hundred acres located 
 on sections i8 and 19, Victoria township, is a tribute to the agricultural skill of 
 G. L. Hedstrom. His birth occurred at Victoria, on the 23d of August, 1853, 
 his parents being Jonas J. and Deantha (Somborger) Hedstrom. Jonas J. ' 
 Hedstrom is supposed to have been born on the island of Aland, Sweden, where 
 he was educated and reared to the age of nineteen years. His father was a cor- 
 poral in the Swedish army and passed his entire life in his native land, as did ' 
 also the mother, who died during the early childhood of her son. After com- 
 pleting his schooling, Jonas J. Hedstrom learned the blacksmith's trade, which 
 he followed in Sweden until he was nineteen years of age. He then joined his 
 brother, the Rev. O. G. Hedstrom, a minister living in the state of New York. 
 Soon after his arrival in this country, Jonas J. Hedstrom located in the vicinity 
 of Victoria, where he followed his trade and also preached the gospel. He was 
 the first Swedish minister in this vicinity and was the founder of the Swedish 
 Methodist Episcopal church in Victoria. The first services were held in a log 
 house in Copley township, but he subsequently solicited funds in New York and 
 thus obtained the means to form a permanent organization. In addition to the 
 services he held in his native tongue, Mr. Hedstrom also preached to English 
 audiences. During the early years of his residence in Victoria he was married 
 to Miss Somborger, who was a native of the state of New York and a daugh- 
 ter of George Somborger. During the early years of their domestic life they 
 removed to Farmington, Illinois, where he continued to work at his trade, and 
 also discharged the duties of a local preacher. Later he returned to Victoria, 
 helping to organize the village in 1839, he and his family thereafter making that 
 place their home. Soon after his return he withdrew from his trade and began 
 traveling through Minnesota and Iowa for the Swedish missions. In 1850 he 
 organized the first Swedish Methodist church in Iowa at New Sweden. He was an 
 efficient and capable worker, being tireless in his efforts to advance the cause 
 of Christianity, and ultimately became presiding elder of the Swedish missions, 
 discharging the duties of this office until his death. He passed away on the nth 
 of May, 1859, at the age of forty-six years, and was buried in the cemetery at 
 Victoria. The mother, who was also a forceful Christian worker, survived until 
 the 6th of July, 1874, and was laid to rest beside her husband. In his political 
 
: V , ::i^ > /v ' HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY : :\; - ; 1013 
 
 views Mr. Hedstrom was a republican, considering that policy conducive to the 
 interests of the majority. He was at all times too deeply engrossed with his 
 Christian work to become prominently identified with public affairs, but he was 
 a loyal citizen and always gave his cooperation and support to every movement 
 that he deemed likely to promote the general welfare of the community at large. 
 Five children were born to Mr. and Mrs. Hedstrom, the two eldest while they 
 were residing in Farmington and the other three upon their return to Victoria. 
 In order of birth they are as follows : Almina, the deceased wife of Charles S. 
 Clark ; Margaret Ann, who died at the age of eleven years and is buried in 
 Victoria cemetery ; Jane, who married Frederick Becker, son of Frederick 
 Becker, now residing in Victoria, on the Copley township site; Charlotte, who 
 died when eighteen months of age ; and G. L., our subject. Mrs. Becker had 
 two children: George, who married Lane Swickard, a daughter of Noah Swick- 
 ard ; and Ava, who died at the age of two years. 
 
 Reared in a good home amid Christian environments, G. L. Hedstrom had 
 inculcated in his mind from earliest childhood the substantial qualities essential 
 to the development of character. He attended the common schools of Victoria 
 in the acquirement of his education, and spent such time as was not there 
 engaged in a manner similar to other lads of the period and surroundings. After 
 laying aside his text-books he turned his attention to agricultural pursuits, believ- 
 ing that these offered better opportunities to the young man without capital than 
 any other occupation, and moreover, he liked the idea of living in the open. 
 That his decision was a wise one is manifested beyond question by the success 
 that has attended his efforts. When he was twenty-one he established a home 
 of his own by his marriage to Miss Emma L. Tripp, and soon thereafter they 
 located on a farm directly south of their present homestead. There they re- 
 sided for three years and then removed to the place, where they now live. Mr. 
 Hedstrom was an enterprising and industrious young man, applying himself :' : 
 assiduously to the further improvement and cultivation of his land. He directed 
 his activities along practical lines, using intelligence and discretion in the methods 
 employed in his agricultural pursuits and as a result he had the satisfaction of 
 annually realizing abundant and lucrative returns from his labor. In connection 
 with general farming he raised stock, using the greater part of his grain for feed- 
 ing. His various undertakings have prospered and he is now known as one of 
 the substantial and highly successful agriculturists of the community. 
 
 In 1874, Mr. Hedstrom was united in marriage to Miss Emma L. Tripp, who 
 was born in Victoria, December 4, 1854, and was a daughter of David and 
 Elizabeth (Suydam) Tripp. The parents were both natives of the state of New 
 York, whence they came in the early years of their domestic life to Knox county. 
 They subsequently returned to the east, locating in Venango county, Pennsyl- 
 vania, where for four years Mr. Tripp worked in the oil fields. At the expira- 
 tion of that time he and his family again took up their residence in this county 
 and he engaged in agricultural pursuits until his death at the age of sixty-two 
 years. The mother was seventy-two when she passed away and is buried beside 
 her husband in the cemetery at Victoria. During her lifetime Mrs. Tripp was a 
 faithful member of the Methodist Episcopal church. His political support Mr. 
 Tripp gave to the democratic party, but he held no other office save that of school 
 director in Victoria township. The family of Mr. and Mrs. Mrs. Tripp num- 
 
1014 . HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY j . 
 
 bered five, all of whom were born in Victoria : Emma L., now Mrs. Hedstrom ; 
 Charlotte, who is deceased ; Luella, the wife of John Van Buren, of Victoria ; 
 and Alice and Edward, both of whom are deceased. Mr. and Mrs. Hedstrom 
 had four children. Florence J., the eldest, who was born on October 24, 1875, 
 died on the 3d of August, 1903, and was buried in the family lot in the ceme- 
 tery at Victoria. She was a very capable young woman and for some years prior 
 to her death had been engaged in teaching. Ava Grace and Ethel May, the next 
 two in order of birth, are both teaching music. The youngest member of the 
 family was a son, who died in infancy. 
 
 The parents hold membership in the Methodist Episcopal church, of which 
 Mr. Hedstrom has been a trustee and a member of the board of stewards for 
 many years. He votes the republican ticket, but has never sought political pre- 
 ferment, although he at one time discharged the duties of school treasurer. As 
 the years have passed he has accumulated a comfortable competence and in addi- 
 tion to his valuable property is a stockholder and director of the State Bank of 
 Victoria. Mr. Hedstrom is one of the self-made men of Knox county, his suc- 
 cess being entirely attributable to his own efforts. His father died when he was 
 a lad of barely six years, and the financial circumstances early compelled him 
 to leave school and become self-supporting. He has applied himself tirelessly 
 to whatever he has undertaken, possessing the indomitable will and determina- 
 tion of purpose that ultimately lead to success in any undertaking. 
 
 : ':":-.>;:;. . " . ' SIG B. NELSON. '' ; . ^.'.. ^V ; ' - .' ';-/;-'' 
 
 Sig B. Nelson, cashier of the Wataga State Bank, is a native of Sweden, 
 his birth having occurred at Christianstad, July 23, 1885. His father, Olof 
 Nilsson, was bom in Sweden on the I7th of January, 1850, continuing to be a 
 resident of that country until 1886, when he emigrated with his wife and 
 family to the United States. While living in his native land he had operated 
 a mill and dye works, but upon coming to this country he turned his attention 
 to agricultural pursuits. Immediately following his arrival he came to Knox 
 county, locating in Ontario township on a farm. He passed away in Ontario 
 township on October 4, 1897. He was a man possessed of excellent capabilities, 
 and despite the fact that he was not a trained agriculturist, made an unusual 
 success of that vocation. His wife, the mother of our subject, was prior to her 
 marriage Miss Sigrid Bennett, a daughter of B. P. and Ingra (Bahrstedt) 
 Bennett, her birth having occurred in Sweden, February 27, 1857. The mother 
 is still living, as are also four of the sons and two daughters born unto this 
 worthy couple. In order of birth they are as follows: Anna E., the wife of 
 Professor Grafstrom, of Augustana College, Rock Island, IlKnois; Fred O., 
 who is a farmer of Galva, Illinois ; Sig B., our subject ; Lincoln A., who is in 
 the engineering department of Northway Motor Co., Detroit, Michigan; Harold 
 T., who is living on the farm with his mother ; and Hortense E., a student in Knox 
 College. The parents are members of the Swedish Lutheran church, and it was 
 in the faith of this denomination they reared their family. 
 
 Although a native of Sweden Sig B. Nelson was reared in Illinois, having 
 
J. .1. HEDSTROM 
 
1014 HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY 
 
 bered five, all of whom were born in Victoria: Emma L., now Mrs. Hedstrom; 
 Charlotte, who is deceased; Liiella, the wife of John Van Buren, of Victoria; 
 and Alice and Edward, both of whom are deceased. Mr. and Mrs. Hedstrom 
 had four children. Florence J., the eldest, who was born on October 24, 1875, 
 died on the 3d of August, 1903, and was buried in the family lot in the ceme- 
 tery at Victoria. She was a very capable young woman and for some years prior 
 to her death had been engaged in teaching. Ava Grace and Ethel May, the next 
 two in order of birth, are both teaching music. The youngest member of the 
 family was a son, who died in infancy. 
 
 The parents hold membership in the Methodist Episcopal church, of which 
 Mr. Hedstrom has been a trustee and a member of the board of stewards for 
 many years. lie votes the republican ticket, but has never sought political pre- 
 ferment, although he at one time discharged the duties of school treasurer. As 
 the years have passed he has accumulated a comfortable competence and in addi- 
 tion to his valuable property is a stockholder and director of the State Bank of 
 Victoria. Mr. lledstrom is one of the self-made men of Knox county, his suc- 
 cess being entirely attributable to his own efforts. His father died when he was 
 a lad of barely six years, and the financial circumstances early compelled him 
 to leave school and become self-supporting. He has applied himself tirelessly 
 to whatever he has undertaken, possessing the indomitable will and determina- 
 tion of purpose that ultimately lead to success in any undertaking. 
 
 SIG B. NELSON. 
 
 Sig B. Nelson, cashier of the Wataga State Bank, is a native of Sweden, 
 his birth having occurred at Christianstad, July 23, 1885. His father, Olof 
 Nilsson, was born in Sweden on the I7th of January, 1850, continuing to be a 
 resident of that country until 1886, when he emigrated with his wife and 
 family to the United States. While living in his native land he had operated 
 a mill and dye works, but upon coming to this country he turned his attention 
 to agricultural pursuits. Immediately following his arrival he came to Knox 
 county, locating in Ontario township on a farm. He passed away in Ontario 
 township on October 4, 1897. He was a man possessed of excellent capabilities, 
 and despite the fact that he was not a trained agriculturist, made an unusual 
 success of that vocation. His wife, the mother of our subject, was prior to her 
 marriage Miss Sigrid I'cnnett, a daughter of B. P. and Ingra (Bahrstedt) 
 Bennett, her birth having occurred in Sweden, February 27, 1857. The mother 
 is still living, as are also four of the sons and two daughters born unto this 
 worthy couple. In order of birth they are as follows: Anna E., the wife of 
 Professor Grafstn'im, of Augustana College, Rock Island, Illinois: Fred O., 
 who is a farmer of Galva, Illinois: Sig B., our subject; Lincoln A., who is in 
 the engineering department of Northway Motor Co.. Detroit. Michigan; Harold 
 T., who is living on the fami with his mother; and Hortense E., a student in Knox 
 College. The ])arents are members of the Swedish Lutheran church, and it was 
 in the faith of this denomination they reared their family. 
 
 Although a native of Sweden Sig B. Nelson was reared in Illinois, having 
 
-I. .1. IlKDSTItnM 
 
c. > V- SC HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY .^; 1017 
 
 been only a babe of one year when his parents located in Knox county. His 
 elementary education was obtained in the common schools in the vicinity of the 
 home farm where he spent his childhood and youth. Upon the completion of 
 the course there he went to Galesburg, where during the winter of 1903-4 he 
 attended Brown's Business College, graduating in the latter year. Subse- 
 quently he entered Knox College, taking work in both the academic and collegiate 
 departments, and was graduated from that institution with the class of 1910. 
 He paid his own way through college and became a prominent member of the 
 Literary Society, winning prizes in debates there. 
 
 After leaving school Mr. Nelson assisted in the organization of the Wataga 
 State Bank, of which he is a stockholder as well as cashier and manager. He 
 is also financially interested in the Peoples Trust & Savings Bank of Galesburg, 
 the president of this institution being connected with the Wataga State Bank in 
 the capacity of director. Mr. Nelson is also connected with the Woodhull 
 State Bank of Woodhull, Illinois, being one of the four organizers of that bank, 
 which was organized December ii, 1911, with a capital of twenty-five thousand 
 dollars. A man of genial nature, gracious and accommodating, Mr. Nelson 
 has been instrumental in building up Wataga State Bank and his business sagacity, 
 clear judgment and incorruptible integrity serve to inspire trust and confidence 
 in it. He is recognized as one well qualified to fill positions of trust and 
 responsibility and is now serving his second term as treasurer of the Svea Mutual 
 Protective Fire & Lightning Insurance Company of Knox, Henry and Mercer 
 counties, which is one of the largest assessment insurance organizations of the 
 state, insurance in force at eight million dollars, and of which he is the youngest 
 acting official. 
 
 Fraternally Mr. Nelson is a member of the Modern Woodmen of America, 
 in which he is serving as banker, and is also financial secretary of the Mystic 
 Workers at Wataga. Religiously he is a member of the Swedish Lutheran 
 church. Although he is still quite young, he gives every indication of having 
 a promising future as a financier judging by the ability he has developed dur- 
 ing the brief period of his business career. 
 
 -;;...; MRS. ALPHA B. MCCALLISTER. ;;;>:^'' ;-: o 
 
 Mrs. Alpha B. McCallister, who with her son owns one hundred and forty- 
 one acres of land on section 6, Haw Creek township, Knox county, was born in 
 Salina, Kansas, on January 28, 1870. She is a daughter of A. G. and Mary 
 (Anderson) Couse, the father a native of Boston, Massachusetts, where he was 
 reared, and the mother of Knox county, her birth having occurred on the farm, 
 where Mrs. McCallister now resides. This originally belonged to the maternal 
 grandparents of our subject, Samuel and Irene Anderson, who were among the 
 pioneer settlers of the county, having removed here from Dayton, Ohio. After 
 their marraige Mr. and Mrs. Couse removed to Kansas, where the latter died in 
 February, 1871, and was laid to rest in McCallister cemetery. Orange township, 
 this county. The father lived until 1877 and is buried at Dwight, Illinois. 
 
 Having been but a child when her parents died, Mrs. McCallister was reared 
 by her mother's sister and her husband, Elizabeth (Anderson) and C. H. Huggins, 
 
1018 HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY .^.A ;\; 
 
 obtaining her education in the schools of Knox county. Mr. and Mrs. Hugg^ns 
 never had any children of their own but they reared seven. He was one of the 
 prominent farmers and stockmen of Haw Creek township, where he was well 
 known. In 1863 he went west and spent the following five years in California, 
 Idaho, and Oregon, having been engaged in the hotel business in Idaho for a 
 short time. Upon his return he settled down in Knox county, spending the re- 
 mainder of his life in Haw Creek township. He passed away on October 26, 
 1004, 3t the age of seventy-seven. His widow survived for three years there- 
 after, her death occurring on the loth of April. They were both laid to rest in 
 McCallister cemetery. He was one of the highly esteemed men of his com- 
 munity and he and his wife held membership in the Knoxville Presbyterian 
 church. Politically he was a republican, but not seeking public office or emolu- 
 ments, although for many years he served as a school director in Haw Creek 
 township. 
 
 Mrs. McCallister, who has been married three times, was first united to 
 Harry Bowson, a native of Johnstown, Pennsylvania, their marriage occurring 
 in 1892. One child was born unto them, Charles Huggins, who is now living 
 with his mother on the farm, one-half of which belongs to him. On the 22d of 
 February, 1901, she was married to S. H. McCallister, her third husband. Mr. 
 McCallister was born and reared in Orange township, this county, and there he 
 was also educated. He is the younger of the two children, bom of the mar- 
 riage of the late Wesley and Harriet McCallister. Together with his mother 
 he owns a fine farm of two hundred and seventy-seven acres, and, as she has 
 now attained the age of seventy years, he spends a large portion of his time 
 there with her. Mrs. McCallister, with the assistance of her son, engages in 
 general farming and is meeting with satisfactory returns in her undertaking. 
 
 Both Mr. and Mrs. McCallister are members of the Methodist Episcopal 
 church, and fraternally he is a member of the Knights of Pythias. His political 
 support he accords to the republican party, and is now serving his third term 
 as clerk of Orange township. Mrs. McCallister is an intelligent and capable 
 business womaq and is highly esteemed in Haw Creek township, of which her 
 family have been residents for four generations. :.''?,. 
 
 . : '^^ JOSHUA BETTERTON. v;: . 
 
 Joshua Betterton has for twenty-one years been engaged in general farming 
 and stock-raising on a well cultivated tract of land containing sixty acres located 
 on section 24, Chestnut township. He was born in Clinton county, Ohio, in the 
 vicinity of Vienna, on the 28th of November, 1846, his parents being Owen and 
 Anna (Moon) Betterton, also natives of Clinton county. In 1850 together with 
 his wife and family Mr. Betterton came to Illinois, making the long, hard jour- 
 ney across the prairies with a wagon. Upon their arrival in Knox county he ac- 
 quired a tract of government land in Chestnut township, upon which he erected 
 such buildings as were needed for their comfort and then engaged in the culti- 
 vation of his soil. Through his unremitting energy, capable management and 
 thrift he was later able to add to his holdings and at the time of his death in the 
 
HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY ..: 1019 
 
 ;. late '8os owned over a half section of highly cultivated and fertile land. Mr. 
 Betterton became one of the leading men in his township and for over a quarter 
 .: of a century served as justice of the peace. He was a member of the Masonic 
 fraternity and of the Christian church, as was also the mother, who passed away 
 '. in 1872. They were both laid to rest in the cemetery at Hermon. Of the mar- 
 ;' riage of Mr. and Mrs, Betterton there were born ten children: Elizabeth, the 
 widow of Henry Davis, of Abingdon; Mary Jane, who passed away in 1905: 
 r John, living in Norton county, Kansas, who was a member of Company D, Sev- 
 : enth Illinois Volunteer Cavalry, participated in the battle of Shiloh and all of 
 ; the engagements of the Mississippi campaign; Cyrus, who is deceased; George 
 ". R., of Littleton, Colorado, who was also a member of Company D, Seventh Illi- 
 nois Volunteer Cavalry and took part in all of the battles along the river, re- 
 ': maining at the front for four years and seven months, during which time he 
 : participated in forty-two engagements; Joshua, our subject; Susan, who is der 
 
 ceased ; Ellen, the wife of Pleasant Grice, of Winfield, Iowa ; Laura, the wife of 
 \ Henry C. Jones, of London Mills, Illinois; and Emma, the wife of Edwin White, 
 
 ' of London Mills. .;;;..;.:;;: .:\ ;;.;>^ .;->,;-: 
 
 Joshua Betterton was only a child of four years when he accompanied his 
 
 parents on their removal from his native state to Illinois. His youthful years 
 were not unlike those of other lads of the pioneer days, his winters being largely 
 devoted to the acquirement of an education in the district schools, while during 
 
 ' the summer months he assisted his father in the work of the fields and the care 
 
 "\ of the stock. He remained under the parental roof until he was seventeen years 
 
 of age when he enlisted in Company D, Seventh Illinois Volunteer Cavalry, and 
 
 . went to the front. He served from February i, 1863. until November on de- 
 
 tached duty in the hospital. When mustered out he returned to Chestnut town- 
 ship where he remained until 1873, when he removed to Seward county, Ne- 
 braska. He spent three years in the latter state and then returned to Knox 
 county, once more settling in Chestnut township, where he has ever since re- 
 sided. Twenty-one years ago he removed to his present place on section 24, 
 
 ; where he owns sixty acres of well tilled and highly improved land. Mr. Better- 
 V ton is a man of progressive methods and practical ideas and his farm is pro- 
 
 vided with every modern facility that will expedite the work or give greater as- 
 surance of efficiency. His fields are successfully operated under his capable 
 supervision and every year yield abundant harvests that bring the highest prices 
 
 . the market offers. In connection with his general farming he raises a good grade 
 
 : of stock, thus greatly increasing his annual dividends. 
 
 ;v In 1876, Mr. Betterton was married to Miss Liza Pickerel, who is a native 
 of Haw Creek township, Knox county, and a daughter of George and Maria 
 (Richmond) Pickerel, natives of Ohio. They came to this county in 1836, locat- 
 ing in Haw Creek township, where they resided until 1873 when they removed 
 to Seward county, Nebraska, and there spent the remainder of their lives. Their 
 
 family numbered fourteen children : Charles, who is living in Seward, Nebraska ; 
 
 ;': Harvey, who was a member of Company A, Fourteenth Illinois Volunteer Cav- 
 
 . airy, now a resident of York, Nebraska; Mary M., the deceased widow of Henry 
 
 . Naris, who was a member of the Fourteenth Illinois Volunteer Cavalry; Mrs. 
 Betterton; Christ, deceased, also a member of the Fourteenth Illinois Cavalry; 
 
 .' Anna, the wife of Perry Cope, of Seward county, Nebraska; Elizabeth, who is 
 
1020 . HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY ;':'.,;;-';/:; 
 
 married and also living in Seward county, Nebraska; Booker and Caroline, both 
 of whom are deceased; Emma, who married Fred Carlson, of Seward county; 
 George, who is a resident of Omaha, Nebraska ; Frank, who is living in Lincoln, 
 Nebraska ; William, of Seward, that state, and Ella, who is deceased. Of the 
 union of Mr. and Mrs. Betterton there were born four children: Arthur and 
 Elias, both of whom are deceased; Anne, the wife of J. P. Huybbanks, of 
 Maquon; and Minnie, the wife of Harry Huybbanks, of Chestnut township. 
 
 His political support Mr. Betterton has always given to the republican party, 
 his first presidential vote having been cast for U. S. Grant. He takes an active 
 interest in all township affairs and served for two terms as assessor while for 
 many years he has been a member of the board of school directors. He remem- 
 bers Lincoln well, in the days of his private life, and was present at the Lincoln- 
 Douglas debate at Galesburg. Mr. Betterton has always been a loyal member of 
 the Grand Army of the Republic, through the medium of which organization he 
 maintains relations with his comrades of the field. During the fifty-eight years 
 he has been a resident of Chestnut township, Mr. Betterton has watched its won- 
 derful development from a pioneer district to one of the richest agricultural sec- 
 tions of Knox county, during which time the log cabin of the first settlers has 
 given place to modern residences and the unbroken prairie has been converted 
 into productive farms. . . 
 
 . ^ ^^; ::/ HUGH C. SIMPSON. ';"'-': 
 
 Hugh C. Simpson is numbered among the native sons of Knox county and 
 has been a lifelong resident of Walnut Grove township, where he is now de- 
 voting his time and energies to general agricultural pursuits. He represents 
 one o the old families of the county and was born upon the Simpson home- 
 stead farm on the I4th of December, 1862. No event of special importance 
 occurred to vary the routine of farm life for him in his boyhood and youth, 
 his experiences being those which usually fall to the lot of the lad who divides 
 his time between the duties of the schoolroom, the pleasures of the playground 
 and the work of the home farm. His early training was of a practical nature, 
 acquainting him with the best methods of tilling the soil and caring for the 
 crops, so that when he started out in life on his own account he was well 
 prepared to meet the duties that devolved upon him. He has never sought to 
 change his occupation, being always content to engage in the tilling of the soil, 
 knowing that the rich prairie land of Illinois will respond bountifully if the 
 work of cultivation is carried on along modern and progressive lines. He now 
 has a well improved property, the neat and thrifty appearance of his fields and 
 the good improvements found upon his place constituting it one of the attractive 
 features of the landscape. 
 
 Mr. Simpson was united in marriage to Miss Ada L. McLaughlin, who was 
 born on the I3th of June, 1878, a daughter of James W. and Martha E. (Collin- 
 son) McLaughlin. Her father, who was a native of Ohio and was a son of 
 John and Priscilla (Anderson) McLaughlin, came to Knox county in his boy- 
 hood days with his parents, and when he started out in life on his own account 
 
>-^\ i: ; HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY y; 1021 
 
 he began farming in Walnut Grove township upon the tract of land which is 
 now being cultivated by his son-in-law, Hugh Simpson. There he carried on 
 the work of the farm year by year until ill health compelled him to put aside 
 business cares and he went to Colorado, hoping that the change of climate 
 would prove beneficial. However, he did not improve as he had hoped and 
 there passed away in 1893, when fifty-six years of age. In early manhood he had 
 married Martha E. Collinson, a daughter of Simeon L. and Mary M. (Craver) 
 Collinson, who came from England in 1833, .having previously resided near 
 Leeds. On crossing the Atlantic they settled first in Pennsylvania and in 1838 
 came to Knox county, Illinois, casting in their lot among the earliest settlers of 
 this part of the state. They arrived here only six years after the Black Hawk 
 war occurred and at that time there were but few evidences of modern civiliza- 
 tion. In the family of Mr. and Mrs. James McLaughlin there were four chil- 
 dren: Wilson T., who is now living in Kansas; Ada L., the wife of Hugh C. 
 Simpson; Harriet, at home; and Netta, the wife of E. Van Patten, a resident 
 of Chicago. Mrs. James McLaughlin is still living at the age of sixty-eight 
 years 
 
 Mr. and Mrs. Simpson, having spent their entire lives in this county, are 
 well known and their circle of friends is almost coextensive with the circle of 
 their acquaintance. Mr. Simpson belongs to the Modern Woodmen camp at 
 Altona and gives his political allegiance to the republican party. While the 
 honors and emoluments of political office have had no attraction for him, he 
 has rendered valuable service to the cause of education during the twelve years 
 in which he has been a member of the school board. The greater part of his 
 time and attention, however, are devoted to his farming interests and his 
 capable management in this connection constitutes the basis of growing success. 
 
 . ; ;<:; RANSOM J. BROOKS. ^':: -/V'^^ ' 
 
 Ransom J. Brooks was for many years actively identified with the agricul- 
 tural development of Knox county, but is now living retired in Knoxville. He 
 is a native of Illinois, his birth having occurred in the vicinity of Canton on 
 the 8th of May, 1838, and he is a son of Samuel and Elizabeth (Eggers) Brooks. 
 The father was born and reared in the east. The mother was a daughter of 
 Landrian Eggers, one of the state's earliest pioneers, in the time when many 
 Indians roved in the country, constantly menacing the settlers who first located 
 here. Samuel BrooTcs came to Illinois in his early manhood, purchasing land 
 in the vicinity of Canton that he operated for several years. Later he removed 
 to Knox county, settling in Chestnut township where he farmed for a time. 
 He then went to Iowa, continuing to reside there until his death. The mother 
 passed away in Chestnut township. Of the marriage of Mr. and Mrs. Samuel 
 Brooks there were born two daughters and ten sons, of whom the following 
 grew to maturity: Ransom J., our subject, who is the eldest; Landrian, who 
 lives in the vicinity of Abingdon, this county; Jane, who is deceased; Charles, 
 who makes his home in Kansas; Daniel, who passed away in Missouri; Matthew 
 and Sarah A., both of whom are deceased ; James, who is a resident of Missouri ; 
 and Cyrus. . -'. -:; : . ; ;, .::..-:.;,. -..>:^v, '"^^K-V. '/ ^^''^, 
 
1022 . HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY ; 
 
 ; The education of Ransom J. Brooks was obtained in an old log schoolhouse 
 with puncheon floor and slab benches in Chestnut township. The method of 
 instruction and the text-books used at that period were thoroughly in keeping 
 with the unattractive schoolroom, and did not inspire in the average pupil a 
 very great desire for study. Being the eldest of the family he early began 
 assisting with the work of the farm, and when little more than a child had 
 assumed many of the duties of manhood. The life of the average farmer lad 
 of that period left little time for play, as there were always a multitude of duties 
 requiring attention, as this was the time prior to the advent of modern agricul- 
 tural implements. From his early youth agricultural pursuits engaged the 
 energies of Mr. Brooks until 1896, when he withdrew from the active work of 
 the fields and removed to Knoxville, where he has ever since lived retired. He 
 met with success in both farming and stock-raising, acquiring a competence 
 through his long years of industry and enterprise that enables him -to enjoy in 
 the evening of life comfort and ease. 
 
 Chestnut township was the scene of the marriage of Mr. Brooks on the 5th 
 of August, 1858, to Miss Lovina Goodenough, whose birth occurred in Michi- 
 gan on the 6th of April, 1843. She is a daughter of Erastus and Louise (Phelps) 
 Goodenough, who were also natives of Michigan, in which state the father 
 passed away. There were six children in the family. In her early childhood 
 Mrs. Brooks was brought to Illinois, where she was reared and educated. She 
 first lived in Fulton county, whence she later removed to Knox, and here she 
 has ever since made her home. Mr. and Mrs. Brooks have become the parents 
 of three sons and one daughter. Albert, who is living in Minnesota and mar- 
 ried Viola Wrenn. They have six children : Cleveland ; Ethel, the wife of 
 Charles Rulin, who lives near Knoxville, and has two children ; Archibald ; 
 Blanche ; Cecil and Dorothy. Emory, who lives in Knoxville, married Bertha 
 Jennings, and they have three children: Orpha, Zora and Harry. Emma, who 
 is now deceased, married Herod Peters of Galesburg, by whom she had two 
 children, Merrill and Grace. Daniel, who is also a resident of Galesburg, mar- 
 ried Hulda Freed, and they have two children. Carl and Gertrude. 
 
 In matters of faith both Mr. and Mrs. Brooks are Baptists, being devoted 
 members of the church and active in its affiliated societies. He takes a lively 
 interest in all local matters and has filled various offices in Chestnut township. 
 
 ' . Having resided in Knox county for over sixty years, Mr. Brooks has witnessed 
 
 _ ' its marvelous development as pioneer conditions have given way to the con- 
 
 ' veniences and comforts of a modern civilization. . . - , , ..:..; 
 
 ;.;:';;: GEORGE W. THOMPSON. .i; :;,o 
 
 Few lawyers are making a more forceful impression upon the bar of the 
 state both for legal ability of a high order and for the individuality of a personal 
 character which impresses itself upon the community than George W. Thomp- 
 son. He is actively connected with the profession, of which he has been a 
 prominent follower from early manhood. Of a family conspicuous for indom- 
 itable courage and energy, he entered upon his career as a lawyer and such were 
 
JL'IXJE G. W. THOMPSOX 
 
1022 , . ; HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY 
 
 The education of Ransom J. Brooks was obtained in an old log schoolhouse 
 with puncheon floor and slab benches in Chestnut township. The method of 
 instruction and the text-books used at that period were thoroughly in keeping 
 with the unattractive schoolroom, and did not inspire in the average pupil a 
 very great desire for study. Being the eldest of the family he early began 
 assisting with the work of the farm, and when little more than a child had 
 assumed many of the duties of manhood. The life of the average farmer lad 
 of that period left little time for play, as there were always a multitude of duties 
 recjuiring attention, as this was the time prior to the advent of modern agricul- 
 tural imi)lements. I-'rom his early youth agricultural pursuits engaged the 
 energies of Mr. Brooks until 1896, when he withdrew from the active work of 
 the fields and removed to Knoxville, where he has ever since lived retired. He 
 met with success in both farming and stock-raising, acquiring a competence 
 through his long years of industry and enterprise that enables him to enjoy in 
 the evening of life comfort and ease. 
 
 Chestnut township was the scene of the marriage of Mr. I'rooks on the 5th 
 of August, 1858, to Miss Lovina Goodenough, whose birth occurred in Michi- 
 gan on the 6th of April, 1843. She is a daughter of Erastus and Louise (Phelps) 
 Goodenough, who were also natives of Michigan, in which state the father 
 passed away. There were six children in the family. In her early childhood 
 Mrs. Brooks was Ijrought to Illinois, where she was reared and educated. She 
 first lived in Fulton county, whence she later removed to Knox, and here she 
 has ever since made her home. Mr. and Mrs. Brooks have become the parents 
 of three sons and one daughter. Albert, who is living in Minnesota and mar- 
 ried \iola \\'renn. They have six children: Cleveland; Ethel, the wife of 
 Charles Rulin, who lives near Knoxville, and has two children ; Archibald ; 
 Blanche ; Cecil and Dorothy. Emory, who lives in Knoxville, married Bertha 
 Jennings, and they have three children : Orpha, Zora and Harry. Emma, who 
 is now deceased, married Herod Peters of Galesburg, by whom she had two 
 children, Merrill and Grace. Daniel, who is also a resident of Galesburg, mar- 
 ried Hulda I'^reed, and they have two children. Carl and Gertrude. 
 
 In matters of faith both Mr. and Mrs. Brooks are Baptists, being devoted 
 members of the church and active in its affiliated societies. He takes a lively 
 interest in all local matters and has filled various offices in Chestnut township. 
 Having resided in Knox county for over sixty years, Mr. Brooks has witnessed 
 its marvelous development as pioneer conditions have given way to the con- 
 veniences and comforts of a modern civilization. 
 
 ^ ^ : GEORGE W. THOMPSON. 
 
 Few lawyers are making a more forceful impression upon the bar of the 
 state both for legal ability of a high order and for the individuality of a personal 
 character which impresses itself upon the community than George W. Thomp- 
 son. He is actively connected with the profession, of which he has been a 
 prominent follower from early manhood. Of a family conspicuous for indom- 
 itable courage and energ}'. he entered upon his career as a lawyer and such were 
 
,11 IM;I-; <;. \\ . TII(.\U'S(X 
 
' I 
 
 ' 
 
;1);% - :; HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY yv:; 1025 
 
 his force of character and natural qualifications that he has overcome all ob- 
 stacles and risen to a position of eminence among those whose abilities place 
 them in the front ranks of the legal fraternity of the state. A native of Canada, 
 he was born near St. Marys, August 9, 1850, his parents being Robert and 
 Theresa (Lee) Thompson. They were natives of England emigrating to 
 Canada, where they resided until 1872, when they came to Knox county, Illi- 
 nois, engaging in agricultural pursuits on a farm in and adjoining the city of 
 Galesburg. 
 
 George W. Thompson spent the days of his boyhood and youth amid the 
 conditions and environments of the country life of Canada. His early educa- 
 tional advantages were supplemented by study in the grammar schools of St. 
 Marys and the Upper Canada College of Toronto. Later he entered the Uni- 
 versity of Toronto, from which he was graduated in the class of 1874 with the 
 degree of B. A. While a student in that institution and pursuing a full literary 
 course in the classics he won a gold medal for the superior quality of his work. 
 While still in college he determined upon a professional career and began read- 
 ing law. Subsequently he studied in the office of William Davis, an English 
 barrister, who had located in Galesburg, and he was admitted to practice law at 
 Fort Madison, Iowa, in 1875. No dreary novitiate awaited him, for he soon 
 demonstrated his ability to successfully handle intricate legal problems by his 
 oratorical powers and logical reasoning, which enabled him to present his sub- 
 ject with great clearness and force. After practicing for two years at Sibley, 
 Iowa, he was admitted to the bar of the state of Illinois in June, 1877. He 
 immediately located at Galesburg. Professional advancement is proverbially 
 slow, but his connection with the bar of Illinois has been marked by orderly 
 progression. Ever thorough and painstaking in the preparation of his cases, 
 unfaltering in his loyalty to the interests of his clients, and recognizing at the 
 same time that he owed a still higher allegiance to the majesty of the law, he 
 maintained in his practice the highest standard of professional ethics. His suc- 
 cess has been won by reason of the fact that his position was in the eyes of the 
 law a correct one as established by precedent and principle. In 1897, he was 
 elected circuit judge for the ninth judicial circuit of Illinois, which office he has 
 since held continuously. He was appointed to the appellate bench at Ottawa, 
 Illinois, the second district of Illinois, in 1906, and acted as one of the appellate 
 judges in that court until October, 1911, when he was transferred by the supreme 
 court to Springfield as one of the judges of the appellate court of the third 
 district. 
 
 On the I2th of September, 1884, Judge Thompson was married to Miss 
 Hettie Linsley, a daughter of James H. Linsley, a roadmaster of the Chicago, 
 Burlington & Quincy Railroad. To their union three children have been bom. 
 Alma C., Ruth L., and Wallace L. Mrs. Thompson was bom in Galva, Illinois, 
 and acquired her education in Knox College. Subsequently she acted as city 
 librarian of the Galesburg library for five years before her marriage. In 1902 
 she was elected a member of the board of education of the city of Galesburg. 
 She has performed the duties of that office so conscientiously and satisfactorily 
 to the people that no person has ever been nominated to take her place in that 
 situation. She is also a club woman, being a member of the Hawthorn Club, 
 and the first president of the Federated Womans' Qubs of the city of Galesburg. 
 
 vol. n 47 
 
1026 HI STORY OF KNOX COUNTY 
 
 ./ ;' ' '-' -^ , ..'' ', '' 
 
 In politics Judge Thompson gives his support to the republican party. He 
 served as city alderman in Galesburg from 1882 to 1886. He attends the Bap- 
 tist church. It is not necessary to enter into any series of statements showing 
 Mr. Thompson to be a man of broad mind, scholarly attainments, public spirit 
 and lofty patriotism, for this has been evident throughout his career. In his 
 profession he has always been conscientious and no one knows better the neces- 
 sity for thorough preparation and no one more industriously studies his cases. 
 His course in the courtroom as a lawyer and as a judge on the bench has always 
 been characterized by a calmness and dignity that indicate reserve strength, and 
 his analysis of facts is clear and exhaustive. He is able to see without effort 
 their relation or dependence and consequently can so group the facts as to enable 
 him to throw their combined force on the point they tend to prove. His rul- 
 ings in the circuit court and his published opinions in the appellate court reports 
 show that he has a clear comprehension of legal and equitable principles and 
 ability to logically apply them to questions in issue before him. His name is 
 one of note in the legal history of Illinois. 
 
 ^ CLARENCE BINGHAM RIPLEY, M. D. -V- 
 
 Dr. Clarence Bingham Ripley, engaged in the general practice of medicine 
 in Galesburg, has made continuous advancement in his profession since he won 
 his M. D. degree on graduation from the University of Michigan in 1902. His 
 ability has increased because of his broad reading and the lessons he has learned 
 from experience. He is now accorded a liberal patronage in this city and at 
 the same time is recognized as one of the prominent representatives of the re- 
 publican party in Knox county. Galesburg numbers him among her native sons, 
 his birth having here occurred on the nth of December, 1876. His parents were 
 John Adams and Letitia (Shephard) Ripley. The father was born in Berlin Cen- 
 ter, a town in northeastern Ohio, June 26, 1844, ^"d the mother's birth occurred 
 in New Haven, Connecticut, December 8, 1849. John A. Ripley was educated in 
 the public schools of Ohio and following the outbreak of the Civil war his 
 patriotic spirit prompted his enlistment for service in the army. While on active 
 duty he became ill and on account of his physical disability was honorably dis- 
 charged. As soon as he had recovered, however, he once more joined the army, 
 reenlisting in the one hundred days' service. While the war was in progress his 
 father's family disposed of their interests in Ohio and removed to Princeton. 
 Illinois, where he joined them after the close of hostilities and in 1865 ^^ ^^~ 
 moved to Galesburg, where he secured a position as brakeman on the Chicago, 
 Burlington & Quincy Railroad. He afterward served as freight conductor for 
 a time and later was advanced to the position of passenger conductor. For over 
 forty years he was well known in connection with the railway service of that 
 line. He died in Galesburg, December 20, 1911. It was on the 7th of October, 
 1870, that he wedded Letitia Shephard, who had come to the middle west with 
 her parents and located in Knox county, where she formed the acquaintance of 
 the man to whom she gave her hand in marriage. They became the parents of 
 five children: Frederick, deceased; Edwin Shephard, a practicing attorney of 
 
:' ;i::^:^ ':;;{; HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY ;. -;:: 1027 
 
 -''" ' V- -''- ' \ ''--' ' ' ' - ' 
 
 Lincoln, Nebraska ; Clarence B., of this review ; and Caroline and Alice E., who 
 have departed this life. 
 
 In the public schools of Galesburg, Dr. Ripley pursued his early education 
 and later became a student at Hinsdale, Illinois. He afterward entered the high 
 school of Lyons township, Cook county, from which he was graduated with 
 the class of 1896. His college course was pursued in the University of Michi- 
 gan, from which he won the Bachelor of Arts degree in 1900, while in 1902 he 
 gained his professional degree, having determined to make the practice of med- 
 icine his life work. 
 
 .,; Dr. Ripley then located in Riley, Michigan, where he opened an office and 
 continued in practice for two years. He then came to Galesburg in April, 1904, 
 and took a position in the relief department of the Chicago, Burlington & 
 Quincy Railroad. In June of the same year, however, he was sent to Alliance, 
 Nebraska, by the company and there continued until December, when he re- 
 turned to this city. He continued in the service of the railroad company until 
 the 1st of August, 1906, when he resigned and entered independently upon the 
 general practice of medicine. He has since sen/ed as city and county physician, 
 having been appointed to that office in the spring of 1908. His professional 
 ability is widely recognized and the public confidence in his power is attested 
 by the liberal patronage accorded him. He has studied continuously along pro- 
 fessional lines, keeping in touch with the most advanced methods, and scientific 
 principles find exemplification in the daily performance of his duties. He be- 
 longs to the Galesburg Medical Society, the Knox County Medical Society and 
 the Illinois State Medical Society. He has been for several years a member of 
 the medical staff of the Galesburg Hospital and a review of his professional 
 career shows that he has done excellent work in the departments of both medi- 
 cine and surgery. ^- '' 
 
 On the 8th of June, 1904, Dr. Ripley was united in marriage to Miss Bertha 
 Raymer, of Cleveland, Ohio, and they now have one son, Clarence Bingham, Jr., 
 born in Galesburg, December 30, 1907. Both the Doctor and his wife are mem- 
 bers of the Central Congregational church and in various lines of its work are 
 actively interested. Dr. Ripley is now serving as president of the Men's League 
 of Central Church and in addition is connected with other societies and organiza- 
 tions of the city, and the Country and Galesburg Clubs, serving for several years 
 as a director of the last named. Politically he is a republican. In local politics 
 he is taking an active part and served as chairman of central committee of the 
 peoples party at the time of its greatest successes. '/.-,; , ; :-.:,' 
 
 /':,.;'.' : , :";.: \- ';:-:,;'\. . WILBUR F. WILLSIE. .;.>; ' ^ .', :,/ ;' i;:-:--s vv^ 
 
 Wilbur F. Willsie, who has been running out of Galesburg as a mail clerk 
 for the past thirty-eight years, was bom in this city on the 6th of April, 1856. 
 He is a son of the late Colonel Horace H. and Betsey (Nichols) Willsie, the 
 father a native of Canada and the mother of the state of New York. Horace 
 H. Willsie was reared in his native country and there he also learned the tanner's 
 trade. He located in Galesburg about 1853 and became a clerk in J. R. Gordon's 
 
:1028 HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY 
 
 clothing store, continuing in this capacity for some years. When the Civil war 
 
 broke out he raised three companies and went to the front in defense of the 
 
 Union, being mustered out at the close of hostilities with the rank of colonel. 
 
 , Upon his return to civil life he was appointed chief of police of Galesburg and 
 
 he also ran a livery stable, while later he was elected sheriff. He was one of 
 
 ; the public-spirited, enterprising citizens of the early days and did much toward 
 developing the city. His death occurred in Galesburg in 1907, at the age of 
 seventy-eight years. The mother, however, is still living and is now in her 
 seventieth year. The family of Colonel and Mrs. Willsie numbered five, as 
 follows: Wilbur F., our subject; Horace M. ; Alfred N. ; John; and Daisy, the 
 
 ' wife of Edward Kulp. The paternal grandfather was John Willsie, a native 
 of the state of New York. He was a farmer and subsequently removed to 
 
 \ Minnesota, where he passed away at a ripe old age. In his family were the 
 following children: Horace H., the father of our subject; Hiram; Milo; Asa; 
 and George. Mr. and Mrs. Orson Nichols, the maternal grandparents, had 
 three children: Leila, Betsey and Leroy. Mr. Nichols was for many years 
 engaged in the livery business. He was also a veteran of the Civil war, having 
 gone to the front as fife major to General John A. Logan and remained in the 
 service until the close of hostilities. 
 
 Galesburg has always been the home of Wilbur F. Willsie, who was edu- 
 cated in the public schools. After laying aside his text-books he turned his 
 attention to agricultural pursuits and for three years cultivated a piece of land 
 belonging to his father. At the expiration of that period he entered the govern- 
 ment employ as postal clerk and has been in the service continuously since 1873. 
 In May, 1879, Mr. Willsie was married to Miss Mary Boyce, a native of 
 Ohio and a daughter of Henry and Abbie Boyce. The parents early came to 
 Illinois and thereafter made this state their home, passing their latter days at 
 
 - ' Warsaw. They had five daughters and three sons : Kate ; Ella ; Mary, now 
 Mrs. Willsie ; Hattie ; Gussie ; Henry ; George ; and Fred. Mr. and Mrs. Willsie 
 became the parents of four children: Maude, the wife of H. Clay Smith, of 
 Galesburg, by whom she has had two daughters, Loreta and Fern; Wilbur, who 
 died at the age of seven years; Florence, who is clerking in O. T. Johnson's 
 store; and Harold, who is still attending school.! - I -\. :. 
 
 Mr. Willsie belongs to Alpha Lodge, A. F. & A. M., and his political support 
 he accords to the republican party. He is one of the oldest postal clerks, from 
 the point of years of continuous service, in his division, and is widely known in 
 Galesburg where he has many friends, the majority of whom were comrades of 
 his boyhood. : . ' : / ,.. ;; 
 
 CHARLES ROBSON NEELY. ;;';/ -f^- 
 
 The agricultural interests of Knox county find a worthy representative in 
 Charles Robson Neely, who is now engaged in farming in Sparta township. 
 He is one of the native sons of this locality, having been born May 9, 1849, 
 upon the farm which is now his home. His father, James Neely, was a native 
 of Cayuga county. New York, born September 6, 1806. He early began earn- 
 ing his own livelihood and as a boy drove a horse on the canal. He was about 
 
..J, 
 
 
 X 
 
 U- 
 X 
 
1028 HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY : 
 
 clothing store, continuing in this capacity for some years. When the Civil war 
 broke out he raised three companies and went to the front in defense of the 
 Union, being mustered out at the close of hostilities with the rank of colonel. 
 Upon his return to civil life he was appointed chief of police of Galesburg and 
 he also ran a livery stable, while later he was elected sheriff. He was one of 
 the public-spirited, enterprising citizens of the early days and did much toward 
 developing the city. His death occurred in Galesljurg in 1907, at the age of 
 seventy-eight years. The mother, however, is still living and is now in her 
 seventieth year. The family of Colonel and Mrs. Willsie numbered five, as 
 follows: \Vill)ur F., our subject; Horace M.; Alfred X.; John; and Daisy, the 
 wife of Edward Kulp. The paternal grandfather was John Willsie, a native 
 of the state of New York. He was a farmer and subsequently removed to 
 Minnesota, where he passed away at a ripe old age. In his family were the 
 following children: Horace IL, the father of our subject; Hiram; Milo; Asa; 
 and George. Mr. and Mrs. Orson Nichols, the maternal grandparents, had 
 three children : Leila, Betsey and Leroy. Mr. Nichols was for many years 
 engaged in the livery business. He was also a veteran of the Civil war, having 
 gone to the front as fife major to General John A. Logan and remained in the 
 service until the close of hostilities. 
 
 Galesburg has always been the home of Wilbur F. Willsie, who was edu- 
 cated in the public schools. After laying aside his text-books he turned his 
 attention to agricultural pursuits and for three years cultivated a piece of land 
 belonging to his father. At the expiration of that period he entered the govern- 
 ment employ as postal clerk and has been in the service continuously since 1873. 
 
 In May, 1879, Mr. Willsie was married to Miss Mary Boyce, a native of 
 Ohio and a daughter of Henry and Abbie Boyce. The parents early came to 
 Illinois and thereafter made this state their home, passing their latter days at 
 Warsaw. They had five daughters and three sons : Kate ; Ella ; Mary, now 
 Mrs. Willsie; Hattie; Gussie; Henry; George; and Fred. Mr. and Mrs. Willsie 
 became the parents of four children : Maude, the wife of H. Clay Smith, of 
 Galesburg, by whom she has had two daughters, Loreta and Fern ; Wilbur, who 
 died at the age of seven years; Florence, who is clerking in O. T. Johnson's 
 store; and Harold, who is still attending school. ' . j .. 
 
 Air. Willsie belongs to Alpha Lodge, A. F. & A. M., and his political support 
 he accords to the republican party. He is one of the oldest postal clerks, from 
 the point of years of continuous service, in his division, and is widely known in 
 Galesburg where he has many friends, the majority of whom were comrades of 
 his boyhood. 
 
 CHARLES ROBSOX XEELY. 
 
 The agricultural interests of Knox county tind a worthy rei)resentative in 
 Charles Robson Xeely. who is now engagecl in farming in Sparta township. 
 He is one of the native sons of this locality, having been born May 9, 1849, 
 upon the farm which is now his home. His father, James Xeely, was a native 
 of Cayuga county. New York, born September 6, 1806. He early began earn- 
 ing his own livelihood and as a boy drove a horse on the canal. He was about 
 
X 
 
;;;v.^-: ;.>;:;.;; HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY v ^' 1031 
 
 thirty-two years of age when in 1838 he left the Empire state and came with 
 his family to Illinois, settling at Log -City. Later he removed to Henderson 
 and was employed at packing pork by J. Gay for ten years. On the expiration 
 of that period he removed to what is now the Neely homestead farm, then a 
 tract of wild prairie land practically destitute of improvements. With charac- 
 teristic energy he began to break the sod and till the soil and as the years passed 
 he converted the place into productive fields which he cultivated up to the time 
 of his death, on the 27th of June, 1894. It was on November 2, 1836, in New 
 York, that he married Miss Sabrina Arnold, a native of the Empire state. In 
 the family of Mr. and Mrs. James Neely were nine children, of whom five are 
 yet living: Mandeville, who is now retired in Galesburg; Mortimer, who was a 
 soldier of the Civil war and is now a merchant of Blanchard, Iowa ; Hannah, 
 the wife of S. F. Johnson, now living retired in Galesburg; Lucy, the widow of 
 Dr. Vivian, of Galesburg; and Charles Robson, of this review. Another mem- 
 ber of the family who reached adult age was Maria. 
 
 At the usual age Charles Robson Neely began his education in the public 
 schools and when his text-books were put aside he devoted all of his time to 
 the work of the farm, remaining with his parents until they were called to their 
 final rest. He is busily employed in the cultivation and development of the 
 fields and is also engaged in stock-raising on a farm he and his father purchased 
 several years ago, both branches of his business proving profitable. The farm 
 presents a neat and attractive appearance, everything about the place indicating 
 his careful supervision and progressive methods. 
 
 On the 5th of October, 1871, Mr. Neely was united in marriage to Miss 
 Mary J. DeLong, who was born July 28, 1850, at Center Point School House, 
 in this county. Her father, Marshall P. DeLong was a native of Addison county, 
 Vermont, born June 14, 1826, and in 1836, when a lad of nine years, he came 
 with his parents to Illinois, the family settling at what was then Log City in 
 Henderson township. For some time 'he engaged in teaching school as well as 
 in farming. The purchase of land made him owner of seventy-seven acres in 
 Sparta township upon which he resided until 1886, when he took charge of the 
 county poor farm, there residing to the time of his death, which occurred in 
 1892, when he was sixty-six years of age. He had been somewhat prominent 
 in public affairs for many years. For a long period he had served on the school 
 board and was also postmaster at Center Point, Illinois. For a quarter of a 
 century he filled the office of justice of the peace, to which position he was 
 elected in i86i, his long continuance therein being proof of the thoroughness 
 and impartiality of his decisions. For many years he held the office of super- 
 visor and in 1886 he was appointed superintendent of the Knox county poor 
 farm, which position he filled until his demise. He was also a member of the 
 agricultural board of Knox county for a number of years and during three years 
 of that time was its president. In early manhood he had wedded Mary Hard- 
 ing, who was born April 7, 1831, in the state of New York, a daughter of Jones 
 and Mary (Rowley) Harding, who removed westward in 1837, settling in Knox 
 county near Galesburg. Mary Rowley was bom at Westport, New York, Decem- 
 ber 20, 1805, and was married to Jones Harding April 21, 1825. Jones Hard- 
 ing was a large land owner of this county and became one of the prominent 
 farmers of his district. He was born at Rome, New York, December ii, 1799, 
 
1032 : HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY --y: ';;;:!>; 
 
 and died August ii, 1896. Marshall P. DeLong was a son of Julius DeLong, 
 who was a shoemaker and tanner and ijiarried Julina Sanford. Julius DeLong 
 died August 22, 1870, when he was sixty-eight years of age, and his wife, who 
 was born in 1806, passed away March 6, 1871. Mr. and Mrs. Marshall P. De- 
 Long were the parents of a son and two daughters, the brother of Mrs. Neely 
 being Walter DeLong, who is now in the transfer business in Galesburg. The 
 sister is Hattie, the wife of Addison Hastie, an attorney of Seattle, Washington. 
 Unto Mr. and Mrs. Charles R. Neely have been born four children : Arthur 
 M., who married Mattie Crandall and is a motorman on the Rock Island Southern 
 Railway and lives at Monmouth ; W. D., who married Henrietta Newton and 
 is assistant postmaster of Butte, Montana ; Cora A., the wife of Guy D. Root, 
 of Galesburg; and James Ray, who is at home with his parents. 
 
 Charles R. Neely holds membership in Galesburg Camp, No. 667, M. W. A., 
 and his political support is given to the republican party but he has never sought 
 nor held political office. He has, however, served as a member of the school 
 board for fifteen years and is now acting as its president. His long connection 
 with this office indicates his deep interest in the cause of education and his 
 efforts toward advancing the high standard of the schools have been far-reach- 
 ing and beneficial. His influence has always been found on the side of progress 
 and improvement, whether in public affairs or in private life. The more pro- 
 gressive spirit is manifest in his business interests and finds tangible evidence 
 in the methods which he follows in carrying on the work of the farm. 
 
 ' \ -''-:''' -\ ^ HUGH ENNIS. ; /'. .'/'vC'.- - ' '. 
 
 Few men who have reached the age of Hugh Ennis are still actively en- 
 gaged in business. The great majority prefer to retire but with him indolence 
 has always been foreign to his nature and he still gives his attention to business 
 as a dealer in sand. He is today one of the oldest residents of Galesburg and 
 has witnessed its development from a village. He was born in County Meath, 
 Ireland, in 1830, a son of William and Nancy (McGovern) Ennis, both of 
 whom were natives of the Emerald isle. The former was a son of Hugh and 
 Betty (Killeen) Ennis who were farming people of Ireland, and there reared 
 their family of five sons and two daughters, William, James, John, Lawrence, 
 Patrick, Hannah and Margaret. William Ennis also took up the occupation 
 of farming as> a life work and always remained a resident of his native land 
 where he died at an advanced age. His wife, however, passed away in early 
 womanhood in the year 1835. Both we^e members of the Catholic church. 
 Their family numbered five children : Elizabeth, now deceased, who married 
 Patrick Ennis, who, however, was no relation of the family; Bridget, the de- 
 ceased wife of Michael Mooney ; Hugh, of this review ; Patrick, deceased ; and 
 Mary, who has also passed away. 
 
 Hugh Ennis was reared in his native land and acquired his education there 
 in the parochial schools. He came to America in 1852 and worked for five 
 months in Brooklyn, New York. He then went to Bridgeport, Connecticut, 
 and was employed on a construction train on a railroad extending from Bridge- 
 
r y ; , . HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY - 1033 
 
 port to Pittsfield, Massachusetts. The year 1856 witnessed his arrival in Gales- 
 burg, where he has since made his home. For three and a half years he was 
 employed in the foundry of J. P. Frost & Company, after which he began 
 business on his own account as a dealer in sand, in which line he has since con- 
 tinued. He furnished sand for all the streets south of Main street from Cherry 
 to the old Beiderman building, and also for the jail and many of the large 
 buildings of Galesburg. He has always been accorded a liberal patronage and 
 his straightforward business methods, promptness in delivery an'd his enter- 
 prising spirit have constituted the salient forces of his success. 
 
 On the 28th of April, 1858, occurred the marriage of Mr. Ennis and Miss 
 Margaret Ryan, a daughter of Cornelius and Alice (Ryan) Ryan. The father 
 died during the early girlhood of Mrs. Ennis and the mother afterward came 
 to America with her two daughters, settling in Galesburg where all passed 
 away. The death of Mrs. Ennis occurred May 28, 1906, when she was sixty- 
 nine years of age. By her marriage she had become the mother of nine chil- 
 dren, six sons and three daughters: William, who died at the age of forty-two 
 years ; Daniel, who died when about twenty-one years of age ; John, at home ; . 
 Elizabeth and Alice, both of whom died when but two years old; Margaret, the 
 wife of Fred Bohnenberger ; and three who died in infancy. 
 
 Mr. Ennis has been a life-long communicant of the Catholic church. He 
 has now reached the age of eighty-one years and yet is a hale and hearty man, 
 and well preserved mentally. His residence in Galesburg covers a period of 
 fifty-five years and he has seen it develop from a small town of little business ' 
 importance to one of the chief commercial centers of the state, having important 
 trade and manufacturing interests. While he has never sought to figure prom- 
 inently in any public connection the sterling worth of his character has gained 
 him the warm regard of those with whom he has been associated. 
 
 X : ; WILLIAM ARTHUR THOMPSON. ^ ';>': :^.r-^ 
 
 Prominent among the industrious and enterprising agriculturists of Walnut 
 Grove township is William Arthur Thompson, the owner of the well developed 
 farm which he now cultivates. His birth occurred on this farm August 4, 1879, 
 his parents being Mr. and Mrs. David Thompson. David Thompson was born 
 September ii, 1835, in Elkhart, Indiana, the son of John and Catherine 
 (Livingston) Thompson, natives of Ohio, who settled in Indiana for a short 
 time and came to Knox county, Illinois, where they located on a part of what is 
 now the Thompson farm, near Altona. David Thompson in 1862 enlisted and 
 served for three years in the Civil war. Being mustered out, he returned to Al- 
 tona, where he followed farming and largely engaged in stock buying until his 
 death on September ii, 1902. In 1868 he married Catherine Richmond, who 
 was born September 22, 1845, near Wheeling. West Virginia, and is a daughter 
 of Joseph Richmond and Susan Thess. She comes of an old family of Virginia, 
 in which state her grandfather and father followed the occupation of farming, 
 and the father later entered the ministry of the Methodist church as circuit rider. 
 : : William A. Thompson received his early education in the common school 
 
1034 ^ ' HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY ; 
 
 and afterward completed the regular course in the Altcna high school, from 
 
 which he was graduated previous to his matriculation in the Gem City Business 
 College at Quincy, in 1899. Thus equipped with more than an ordinary school 
 
 : training, he returned home to take up agriculture as his life work. He bought 
 
 a farm opposite his father's property and took entire charge of the management 
 of both places, this being an undertaking which has called for skill, judgment 
 and constant application. In his general farming pursuits he has made rapid 
 progress and in stock-raising he has gained more than ordinary success, having 
 proceeded along well approved scientific lines in raising registered sheep. His 
 sheep farm is the largest in this section and is well stocked with recorded 
 pedigree stock. ; ' ' ' '~ 
 
 On the 24th of September, 1903, Mr. Thompson was united in marriage to 
 Miss Mary E. McMaster, who is the daughter of John McMaster and whose 
 birth occurred December 12, 1877. John McMaster, a retired farmer, living 
 now in Altona, was born May 15, 1827, in Sorn, Ayrshire, Scotland. The 
 family emigrated in 1850 and came down from Chicago by way of canal to 
 Peoria and by team to Copley township, where they settled. He followed farm- 
 ing in Walnut Grove township until 1898, when he retired and is now living in 
 Altona. He married Lorinda H. Multer, who was born in New York state, 
 , May lo, 1832, a daughter of Joseph and Susan (Becker) Multer, who were of 
 German descent. She came to Knox county in 1860, where she married John 
 McMaster August 22, i86i. To Mr. and Mrs. William A. Thompson two chil- 
 
 dren have been born: Helen Augusta, whose birth occurred October 23, 1904; 
 and Mary Maxine, who was born August 7, 1907. 
 
 In politics Mr. Thompson is a democrat and has served his party well by 
 filling the offices of township clerk, clerk of the school board and judge of elec- 
 tion at various campaigns, duties which he discharged with promptness and 
 ' fidelity. He and his wife hold membership in the Presbyterian church. Both 
 Mr. and Mrs. Thompson are favorably known throughout the township, having 
 gained many friends during their residence there. ..-.-.,..;. . 
 
 ,'';>:'';?'-'- WALTER F. BOYES.' ';:.-: ^Vi-v'.';,: v:'v 
 
 No name is more closely interwoven with the history of the educational in- 
 stitutions of Knox county than is that of Walter F. Boyes, who for eighteen 
 years has been connected with the schools as teacher and superintendent. He 
 was born in Knox county, October 8, 1865, his parents being Robert D. and 
 Emily A. (Bird) Boyes. His paternal grandfather, Robert Boyes, was a native 
 of England and came to New York with his family in 1827. Subsequently he 
 removed to Belleville, Canada, and about 1864 settled in Knox county, Illinois. 
 His wife was Miss Frances Douglas, who was born in England of Scotch an- 
 cestry. Stephen and Ann Bird, his maternal grandparents, were born in the 
 north of Ireland and emigrated to Canada while they were young, subsequently 
 coming to Illinois in 1863. The father was born in northern New York and the 
 mother in Ontario, Canada, where they were married. One year after their 
 marriage they removed to Knox county, arriving here in 1864. i - 
 
WALTER F. BOYES 
 
1034 HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY 
 
 and afterward completed the regular course in the Altcna high school, from 
 which he was graduated previous to his matriculation in the Gem City Business 
 College at Quincy. in 1^99. Thus equipped with more than an ordinary school 
 training, he returned home to take up agriculture as his life work. He bought 
 a farm opposite his father's jiroperty and took entire charge of the management 
 of both places, this being an undertaking which has called for skill, judgment 
 and constant application. In his general farming pursuits he has made rapid 
 progress and in stock-raising he has gained more than ordinary success, having 
 . proceeded along well approved scientific lines in raising registered sheep. His 
 sheep farm is the largest in this section and is well stocked with recorded 
 pedigree stock. 
 
 On the 24th of September, 1903, Mr. Thompson was united in marriage to 
 Miss Mary E. McMaster, who is the daughter of John McMaster and whose 
 birth occurred December 12, 1877. John McMaster, a retired farmer, living 
 now in Altona, was born May 15, 1827, in Sorn, Ayrshire, Scotland. The 
 family emigrated in 1850 and came down from Chicago by way of canal to 
 Peoria and by team to Copley township, where they settled. He followed farm- 
 ing in Walnut drove township until 1898, when he retired and is now living in 
 Altona. 1 le married Lorinda II. Multer, who was born in New York state. 
 May lo, 1832, a daughter of Joseph and Susan (ISecker) Multer, who were of 
 German descent. She came to Knox county in 1860, where she married John 
 McMaster August 22, i86i. To Mr. and Mrs. William A. Thompson two chil- 
 dren have been born: Helen Augusta, whose birth occurred October 23, 1904; 
 and Mary Maxine. who was born August 7, 1907. 
 
 In politics Mr. Thompson is a democrat and has served his party well by 
 filling the offices of township clerk, clerk of the school board and judge of elec- 
 tion at various campaigns, duties which he discharged with promptness and 
 fidelity. He and his wife hold membership in the Presbyterian church. Both 
 Mr. and Mrs. Thompson are favorably known throughout the township, having 
 gained many friends during their residence there. :. 
 
 ; WALTER E. BOYES. 
 
 Xo name is more closely interwoven with the history of the educational in- 
 stitutions of Knox county than is that of Walter F. Boyes, who for eighteen 
 years has been connected with the schools as teacher and superintendent. He 
 \vas born in Knox county, October 8. 1865, his parents being Robert D. and 
 Emily A. (I'ird) Boyes. His paternal grandfather, Robert Boyes, was a native 
 of England and came to Xew York with his family in 1827. Subsequently he 
 removed to Belleville, Canada, and about 1864 settled in Knox county, Illinois. 
 His wife was Miss Erances Douglas, who was born in England of Scotch an- 
 cestry. Stephen and Ann Bird, his maternal grandparents, were born in the 
 north of Ireland and emigrated to Canada while they were young, subsequently 
 coming to Illinois in 1863. The father was born in northern New York and the 
 mother in Ontario. Canada, where they were married. One year after their 
 marriage they removed to Knox county, arriving here in 1864. 
 
XVAI.TKK K. I!(VK- 
 
;-'--..<::: HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY ; '', 1037 
 
 ; '.'-' ?;? ., '.'/. .. ; :': ; " .-.- '. . 
 
 'V. Walter F. Boyes acquired his early education in the public schools of Elm- 
 wood, Illinois. A spirit of thoroughness and diligence was early manifest and 
 led him constantly forward in his school career. Recognizing that success is 
 due in largest measure to the individual and the exercise of his inherent qualities 
 rather than to environment, Mr. Boyes determined to work his way upward, 
 brooking no obstacle that could be overcome by persistent and earnest effort. 
 For more than twenty-five years he has been connected with public schools as 
 teacher and superintendent. He began teaching because it seemed the most 
 expedient occupation he could find at the time and continued it because he found 
 it most congenial and pleasing work. For four years he was a teacher in the 
 ungraded schools of Peoria county, for two years served as principal of the 
 Monica public schools and for three years was principal of the Princeville public 
 schools and principal of the Yates City high school for eight years before be- 
 coming superintendent of schools of Knox county. Since 1902 he has held this 
 position. That he is industrious, capable and faithful is indicated by the fact that 
 he has been three times elected to the office. He is watchful of all the details 
 of the school system and of all indications pointing toward progress and from 
 the beginning he has had great faith in the ultimate success of establishing the 
 school system of Knox county, so that it will rank second to none in the state. 
 
 In Princeville, Illinois, in March, 1896, Mr. Boyes was married to Miss Minnie 
 M. Klinck, a teacher in the schools, and a daughter of Graham and Sarah 
 (Alexander) Klinck. Her grandparents were among the early settlers of Peoria 
 county. Her paternal grandmother died in Princeville in 1887, at the age of 
 one hundred and five years, and an aunt, Mrs. Zillah (Klinck) McMurtrie, of 
 Lacon, Illinois, reached in October, 1911, the age of one hundred years and is 
 still in good health. Mrs. Klinck, the mother of Mrs. Boyes, is the oldest person 
 living in Princeville township, who was born there. Mr. and Mrs. Boyes have 
 two children, Norma Kathleen and Herbert Klinck. 
 
 Mr. Boyes' political support is given to the republican party. His entire 
 active career has been devoted to pedagogical pursuits and he has the confidence 
 of those associated with him in school work. Various honors of a professional 
 nature have come to him, among these being a service of ten years as member 
 of the Illinois State Teachers' Reading Circle Board. Geniality, consideration 
 and kindliness have bound him to his fellowmen and the value of his life does 
 not consist in the improvement of opportunities for the attainment of success 
 more than it lies in the attitude which he maintains toward his fellow citizens 
 and which they in turn hold toward him. He has been a member of the Masonic 
 order since 1890, holding membership in the blue lodge and the Royal Arch 
 chapter. In religious faith he is a Presbyterian. 
 
 /^; ;;; :^; JOSHUA MAJOR LAMOREUX. r^ -'iv'^;: 
 
 Dr. Joshua Major Lamoreux is a well known representative of dentistry in 
 Galesburg and is prominent in the professional circles where he has been recog- 
 nized for years as one of the useful men in the profession in Knox county. He 
 was bom in Lehman township, Luzerne county, Pennsylvania, on the iTth of 
 
1038 HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY /,;>;; 
 
 February, 1842. His parents, Josiah Cease and Ellen (Major) Lamoreux, were 
 farming people. The mother was born in Yorkshire, England, and came to 
 America with her parents when she was about three years of age. The father 
 in addition to carrying on his agricultural pursuits frequently engaged in car- 
 penter work and at one time owned and operated a sawmill in Pennsylvania. 
 The family removed to Ohio in the autumn of 1860 and located near Monroe- 
 ville in Huron county, where Mr. Lamoreux was subsequently engaged in agri- 
 cultural pursuits. Family tradition is that the Lamoreux family came from 
 France, two brothers, Thomas and John, arriving in this country about the time 
 of the Revolutionary war. They both served in the American army and were 
 active soldiers until the close of hostilities. One of these brothers, John, settled 
 in New York state while the other, Thomas, settled in Jackson township, 
 Luzerne county, Pennsylvania. It is from this latter branch that Dr. Lamoreux 
 is descended. The mother's family arrived from England about 1820. There 
 were eleven children, of whom Mrs. Lamoreux was the tenth. 
 
 Dr. Lamoreux acquired his early education in the schools of Lehman, Penn- 
 sylvania, at the same time giving his father such assistance as he could in the 
 duties on the farm. He has always been more or less of a student and was 
 frequently found studying at home. The opportunities which the district schools 
 in Pennsylvania and subsequently in Ohio afforded him were meager in that he 
 was able to take up only the common branches usually taught in country schools. 
 He continued working on the home farm in Ohio until he enlisted in Company 
 A of the Hoffman Battalion Prison Guard at Johnson's Island, Ohio, for service 
 in the Civil war. His enlistment took place in December, 1862, and he served 
 for two years and three months. The Hoffman Battalion was later recruited to 
 a full regiment known as the One Hundred and Twenty-eighth Ohio Volunteer 
 Infantry. Dr. Lamoreux was mustered out of service at Columbus, Ohio, in 
 the spring of 1865. In the summer of that year he removed to Oneida, Illinois, 
 and entered the service of the Chicago, Burlington & Quincy Railroad Company. 
 He was first made night watchman and caller with headquarters in the baggage 
 room. Being eager to advance and having an apt mind, he learned telegraphy 
 during his leisure hours, having obtained permission from Mr. W. H. Hall, who 
 was at that time superintendent of the telegraph department. For about two 
 years Dr. Lamoreux was employed at different stations on the railroad and was 
 later made traveling operator with headquarters at Galesburg. Subsequently he 
 served as train dispatcher and was thus employed for about twenty years. In 
 1892, however, he severed his connections with the railroad company in order 
 to devote more time to the practice of dentistry. Elarly in his career he had 
 taken up for a short time the study of dentistry in the offices of the late Dr. J. A. 
 W. Davis, of Galesburg. At that time the law did not require a regular course 
 as obligatory to enter into the profession and he began to practice in the state of 
 Illinois, opening his first office in Oneida in 1877. He would go to Oneida in 
 the morning, returning in the early evening to be ready for his work in the rail- 
 road office. Early in the summer of 1878 he removed his dental offices to 
 Galesburg, and has since been practicing in this city, obtaining, about 1882, as 
 soon as a law was passed to that effect, his registration as a dentist. In his 
 practice he has met with excellent success, being recognized as one of the able 
 members in the profession in Galesburg. That his labors have been attended 
 
; : . HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY ; /.. ' : V io39 
 
 with gratifying results when viewed from a professional standpoint is indicated 
 by his constantly increasing patronage which comes from the best class of citizens. 
 In Oneida, February 20, 1869, Dr. Lamoreux was married to Miss Amy 
 Jane Tracy. To their union five children have been born, four of whom survive, 
 namely: Daisy Louise, who is married to Frank G. Matteson, of Galesburg; 
 Olive Ellen, who is the wife of Samuel J. Hoffheimer, of Decatur, Illinois; 
 Mabel Jane, who is married to Clement Whittier, of Webster Groves, Missouri ; 
 and Philip Major, who is residing in Kalispell, Montana, and who married 
 Helen Hill, of Galesburg. The first son, Frederick Tracy, has passed away. 
 
 In politics Dr. Lamoreux was a republican when he cast his first vote for 
 Abraham Lincoln in 1864. He voted for Grant, Hayes, Garfield and Harrison, 
 but in 1896 changed his political affiliations and has since cast his vote for the 
 candidates of the democracy. He holds membership in the Soangetaha Club. 
 
 : ;-;;:' SWAN PETERSON.: 
 
 Among the public-spirited and enterprising citizens that Sweden has con- 
 tributed to Knoxville must be numbered Swan Peterson, who during the fifty-nine 
 years of his residence here has always taken an active interest in promoting and 
 advancing the development of the community. He is not only one of the pioneer 
 settlers but he was one of the early school teachers, and he also established one 
 of the first grocery stores which he conducted for twenty years, and although 
 for some years he has been living retired he has not lost his interest in public 
 affairs. 
 
 His birth occurred on the 27th of September, 1827, and he is a son of 
 Peter and Bodel (Johnson) Peterson, both of whom passed their entire lives 
 in Sweden, where the mother died in 1843 ^"^ the father in 1863. Their fam- 
 ily consisted of five sons and two daughters, of whom our subject, who is the 
 eldest and Bengt, the youngest, who is living in Lee county, Illinois, are the 
 only two now surviving. Those deceased are: Christina, John, Nels, Hannah 
 and Ola. 
 
 Swan Peterson was reared in his native land where he was given the ad- 
 vantages of a good education. He began his career as a teacher in the schools 
 of Sweden, continuing to follow this profession for several years. Early 
 recognizing that the future held little prospect of his attaining a position com- 
 mensurate with his abilities he decided to seek new opportunities in the United 
 States and in 1852 crossed the Atlantic to the new world. He- landed in New 
 York city, after spending twenty-one days on the ocean, and came directly 
 west, stopping for a time in Chicago and Peoria, this state, after which he came 
 to Knoxville. During the first two years of his residence here Mr. Peterson 
 worked on the Chicago, Burlington & Quincy Railroad, devoting all of his 
 spare time to perfecting his knowledge of English. At the expiration of that 
 period he obtained a position in one of the district schools, and followed teach- 
 ing during the winter months of 1855-56 and 57, and in the summer peddled 
 merchandise in the country. By exercising thrift and self-denial he managed 
 to accumulate sufficient money to enable him to embark in business and in 
 
1040 HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY , . 
 
 1859 he opened a grocery store in Knoxville, that he successfully operated for 
 twenty years. He then withdrew from commercial activities and went into the 
 insurance business, which he followed until his retirement. Mr. Peterson has 
 always been very loyal to his fellow countrymen and has taken a deep interest 
 in their welfare, and it is largely due to his efforts that the first Swedish school 
 was established here. 
 
 In Knoxville, on the loth of February, 1855, Mr. Peterson was united in 
 marriage to Miss Beng^a Nelson, who was born and reared in Sweden, where 
 her parents always lived. She emigrated to the United States, in 1854 settling 
 in Knoxville, and here she passed away on the 2d of January, 1896. Eight 
 children were born unto Mr. and Mrs. Peterson, all but three of whom are now 
 deceased. Matilda, who is the eldest, lives at home. Emma, the next in order 
 of birth, married Nels Larson, who is connected with the grocery of N. Peter- 
 son, of Knoxville. Nicholas, who is engaged in the grocery business in Knox- 
 ville, married Elizabeth Fielding and they have two children, Herbert and Inez. 
 
 Mr. Peterson is affiliated with the Swedish Evangelical church, in which 
 his wife also held membership, and in politics he is a republican. He cast his 
 first vote for Abraham Lincoln, and has ever since given his unqualified sup- 
 port to the men and measures of that party. One of the most striking charac- 
 teristics of Mr. Peterson is his intense loyalty, particularly in matters of citizen- 
 ship, as at all times he has manifested a deep interest in the welfare of the 
 community toward the development of which he has contributed his full quota, 
 through his cooperation and indorsement of every progressive measure. He 
 was one of the founders of the Old Settlers Society and has held the offices of 
 both president and secretary of this organization, in the annual meetings of 
 which he takes an enthusiastic interest. Although Mr. Peterson in all proba- 
 bility has not realized the dreams of his early manhood in America, he has 
 never had occasion to regret the transference of his allegiance to this country, 
 as he has met with a fair degree of prosperity and is now able to spend his 
 latter days in ease and comfort. 
 
 /;. MRS. FRANCES BARRY. - -. : 
 
 Mrs. Frances Barry, for fifty-nine years a resident of Knox county, is the 
 widow of James Barry, a wealthy farmer, who was for many years extensively 
 engaged in stock-raising and later retired. A native of Sommersetshire, England, 
 born on March 8, 1845, she was a daughter of George and Elizabeth (Wagland) 
 Edwards. When she was seven years of age her parents came to America locat- 
 ing in Ontario township, Knox county, Illinois, where her father rented a 
 farm and engaged in agricultural pursuits. When he had become sufficiently 
 acclimated and had decided upon Knox county as his permanent home he bought 
 what is known in the vicinity as the old John Tate farm, which he developed 
 and operated. There he died at the age of seventy-nine; his wife passing away 
 at the age of sixty-five. They were the parents of twelve children, of whom 
 eight are now living. These are: Elizabeth, the widow of James Main, residing 
 
.Ml!<. -lAMKS ItAlJUV 
 
.> :;; ; ,^ v; HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY :;.-, 1045 
 
 in Oneida ; George, living in Boise City, Idaho ; Frances, the subject of this 
 
 biography; Edwin, in Cambridge, Nebraska; Albert, a horseman in Chicago; 
 
 William, in Nebraska ; and Lucy and her sister Mary, both widows living on the 
 . old homestead in Ontario township, Knox county, Illinois. 
 
 V Mrs. Barry came of an old family of the substantial English yeomanry. Her 
 
 ' paternal grandparents were George and Elizabeth Edwards and her maternal 
 
 ; grandparents were John and Mary Wagland. When nineteen years old Frances 
 
 ': Edwards was united in marriage to James Barry the ceremony being performed 
 
 : on December 15, 1864. Mr. Barry was a native of Limerick, Ireland, born in 
 
 .: August, 1838. When nineteen years of age he came to America hoping to find 
 
 - broader fields for his activities and larger opportunities open to an ambitious 
 
 ; young man. At the very outset, on landing in New York, he met with a very 
 
 disheartening experience. Bent on finding his aunt, who was living in the city, 
 
 he walked forty blocks through the streets of New York only to find his aunt's 
 family and their home under quarantine for small-pox. He left his luggage with 
 them, however, and went elsewhere to find a lodgfing for the night. In the morn- 
 ing when he returned, he found that every vestige of his possessions had been 
 
 ; burned during his absence. With one dollar in his pocket he set out and, working 
 
 . his way westward, he arrived at length in Ontario township, Knox county, Illi- 
 
 . nois. Here he worked for seven years at fourteen dollars a month, out of which 
 
 : he saved enough to enable him to marry and buy a farm of eighty acres. Many 
 
 of his sterling qualities which made his rise possible, his splendid initiative, his 
 
 r.ndaunted courage and his tireless industry, were inherited from his sturdy stock 
 
 of ancestors. His father, who remained in the enjoyment of all his faculties until 
 
 i his death at the age of ninety-three, was John Barry, a farmer, son of James 
 
 Barry. His mother, whose maiden name was Mary Healey, was a daughter 
 
 ;; of Patrick Healey. 
 
 "'.. . ' James Barry proved to be a very efficient fanner meeting with much success 
 
 in his career. Besides general farming he raised stock to a considerable extent 
 
 and traded in land, buying and selling farms. He bought the farm of three 
 
 . hundred and seventy acres, which he cultivated, in 1884, and left at his death 
 
 a thousand acres of fine farm land in Knox county. He passed away November 
 - 17, 1910. In his religious faith he was a Catholic and in his political allegiance 
 ; he was an ardent democrat, and represented his district as delegate in all the 
 
 conventions of his party. He was one of the school directors for fourteen years 
 
 :'' and worked earnestly to assist the community in its desire to improve educational 
 
 facilities. Mrs. Frances Barry lives in retirement, cherishing her husband's 
 
 memory and continuing his spirit of helpfulness in her relations with the com- 
 ;' munity in which she lives. The following children were born to Mr. and Mrs. 
 
 - ' Barry. John W., married to Julia Bierderman, lives in Chicago, Illinois. George 
 H., married to Ida Bradley, is a farmer in Knox county. He is the father of 
 
 : two children, Lloyd and Georgiana. Lilly C., the widow of George Rockwell, 
 of Galesburg, is the mother of one child, Frances. Mary E. is the wife of James 
 
 , ; Barry, retired, living in Galesburg. Lucy, the wife of H. Welsh, a farmer of 
 Knox county, is the mother of three children, Morris, Frances, and Florence. 
 
 { ' Winefred, the wife of Charles Welsh, a farmer in Sparta township, has one 
 ' child, Anna May. Morris J., married to Blanche McDermott, is the father of one 
 
 -. child, James. He is living at home. 
 
1046 
 
 HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY 
 
 Mrs. Frances Barry is an active worker in the Catholic church at Wataga, 
 where she has a large circle of friends who hold her in high esteem. Devoted 
 to her children and grandchildren her life is a full and happy one and she finds 
 her true delight in the service of those who are dear to her. .' 7 .\ ;' - -; 
 
 WILLIAM EDWIN WEST. 
 
 William Edwin West, the mayor of Yates City, is a grain dealer and operates 
 a grain elevator, being the successor to M. W. Thomson from whom he bought 
 the business in November, 1905. He was born in this town July lO, 1876, his 
 parents being Isaac N. and Eliza Ann (Mason) West, both natives of Ohio who 
 came to Knox county when children accompanying their parents hither. Passing 
 his childhood days in Salem township, William Edwin West obtained his early 
 education in the common schools of this locality and later attended high school 
 at Yates City and Lombard College in Galesburg, Illinois, after which he pre- 
 pared himself for a business career by taking a commercial course at the Quincy 
 Business College. The first position that he obtained was as bookkeeper for a 
 firm in Chicago and after remaining there for two years he found another posi- 
 tion at an increased salary. Two years later he returned to Yates City and has 
 resided here ever since. He is one of the able business men of the town, being 
 wide-awake and full of well directed energy, capable of aiding in the promotion 
 of the public welfare as well as attending to his private interests. He has served 
 as alderman of Yates City, being elected on the republican ticket, and in August, 
 1911, was appointed mayor of the city to finish out the unexpired term of former 
 mayor, L. A. Lawrens, who resigned. Although the period since assuming the 
 responsibilities of his office is a brief one, Mr. West has already given sufficient 
 proof of the fact that, as a public official occupying the position of highest honor 
 accorded by the administration of a municipality to any of its citizens, he is 
 thoroughly reliable and consicentious in the performance of his duties, having 
 only the best interests of the community at heart. 
 
 In 1899 Mr. West was united in marriage to Miss Vena Ewalt, a daughter 
 of J. M. and Ella Ewalt of Yates City, the mother being deceased. Fraternally 
 Mr. West is associated with the Masonic Lodge of Yates City, in which he holds 
 the office of secretary. In politics he is a republican and always gives his active 
 and helpful cooperation to every measure designed to advance the interests of 
 the people for their moral and material good. . . ,/ -. :;.. v 
 
 JAMES W. NEALE. 
 
 A very notable record of service in the Civil war was made by James W. 
 Neale, for many years a carpenter in Victoria, Copley township, who has the 
 distinction of having been in forty-nine engagements without receiving a wound. 
 To be so favored by fortune at the outset of one's career is a good omen which, 
 in Mr. Neale's case, has in the main been borne out in the many years that 
 followed. . . . ; /; -. . . .= ; 
 
- : ^: : V HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY ' '-" 1047 
 
 Born in Springfield, Illinois, October 20, 1840, he is a son of John M. and 
 Celia A. (Wilson) Neale, the former a native of Boonville, Kentucky, and the 
 latter of Virginia. The grandfather, James Neale, was a noted planter in 
 Virginia and the grandmother, whose maiden name was Martha March, was 
 directly descended from the famous Scottish Earl of March. John M. Neale, 
 the father of James W. Neale, was born in 1807. He was educated in the public 
 schools of Kentucky and after his father's death attended medical school at 
 Lexington, Kentucky, receiving his M. D. degree from that institution. Later 
 he enlisted in the Fourth U. S. Corps of Dragoons. During the Indian war he 
 served as second sergeant, his company being engaged chiefly with the Comanche 
 Indians. Upon receiving his discharge he settled in Springfield, Illinois, and 
 there met Abraham Lincoln with whom he became fast friends. Together 
 they were commissioned to survey Logan county. James W. Neale was only a 
 baby when the family lived in Springfield, where they remained two years but 
 in after years he was often told by his elders of their next-door neighbors, the 
 Lincoln family, and how the great man had many times dandled him on his 
 knees. The Neales then removed to Athens, Illinois, and there Dr. Neale prac-, 
 ticed medicine during the years 1839 and 1840. From there he went to Troy,;- 
 Knox county, and after a year took up his residence and practiced in Abingdon, 
 where he remained until 1848. From 1848 to 1856 he practiced in Moore 
 county, coming at the end of this time to Victoria where he lived until his death 
 in 1885, at the age of seventy-eight years, continuing in the exercise of his pro- 
 fession till the last. He was a member of the Methodist Episcopal church and 
 joined the Masonic lodge at Keithsburg, Illinois. His widow is still living, 
 being now in her ninety-second year and the oldest woman residing in this part 
 of the county. She makes her home with her son, James W. Neale, and not in- 
 frequently calls back memories of the early days in the history of Illinois when 
 her father, Jesse Wilson, came from Virginia to this state and settled in Sanga- 
 mon county. 
 
 James W. Neale obtained his schooling in Illinois and at the age of twenty 
 was prepared to enter college, when the war broke out and, becoming enthusias- 
 tic, he enlisted from Victoria, Illinois, in Captain Clayton Hall's company at 
 Knoxville. He was the first man on the roll after Giles Cook, who enlisted in 
 Knox county when the first rally call was made for service and was introduced 
 as the first volunteer when the people met to cheer the soldiers. His company 
 was not assigned, however, and therefore he enlisted in Knoxville county. Com- 
 pany D, First Illinois Regulars, commanded by Captain J. B. Smith serving 
 under General Fremont. They departed for Missouri and there on September 
 20, i86i, he was captured in the battle at Lexington. He was discharged on 
 parole by special order July 14, 1862, and was recalled to drill the company 
 regulars under Captain Carr of Peoria. Later he came to Victoria, Illinois, and 
 reenlisted in the Ninth Illinois Cavalry, Company K, at Camp Butler and was 
 detailed as sergeant major. He joined his regulars at Memphis at the close of 
 the war when the reorganization of the government of Alabama was taking 
 place, and soon after retired to his home in Victoria. Desirous of continuing 
 his interrupted education, he now entered business college at Monmouth, Illinois, 
 and upon completing the course engaged in the mercantile business at Victoria., 
 
1048 HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY 
 
 He remained in this until 1872 when his establishment was entirely destroyed 
 by fire. For the following three years he engaged in the manufacture of brushes 
 and at the end of this time took up carpentering, working at this occupation 
 until the present time. 
 
 In 1869 the marriage of James W. Neale and Lydia J. Finch occurred. She 
 was born October 30, 1848, in Stark county, Illinois, and was a daughter of 
 Louis and Harriet (Wittier) Finch of Ohio. Three children were born to Mr. 
 and Mrs. James W. Neale: Frank, living in North Dakota, who has one child, 
 Kenneth M.; William Arthur, a city contractor and builder in Los Angeles, 
 California ; and Nina E., the wife of W. A. Stubbins, who lives in Los Angeles, 
 California, and has one child, Richard C. 
 
 Mr. and Mrs. Neale are devoted members of the Congregational church, 
 in which they take great interest as well as in its affiliated societies. Mr. Neale 
 is an aggressive prohibitionist and is a strong adherent of his party. He main- 
 tains relations with his comrades of the great war through his membership in 
 Victoria Post, No. 698, G. A. R. He is a man of sterling qualities, though un- 
 obtrusive in manner, letting his actions speak f6r him, instead of proclaiming 
 his own virtues. He is a man of worth and character, gentle and kind, and has 
 many warm friends. . ,, .: . , , 
 
 ; .y'v MR. AND MRS. DAWSON BURGESS ELLIOTT. 
 
 Among the respected citizens and representative agriculturists of Knox 
 county must be numbered the late Burgess Elliott who, with the aid of his good 
 wife, and by industry, frugality, and enterprise acquired a farm of two hundred 
 and fifty acres in Victoria township together with a very comfortable home and 
 valuable business property in Williamsfield. 
 
 The parents of Burgess Elliott were Thomas, a native of Ohio, bom No- 
 vember 8, 1812, and Hannah (Reece) Elliott, a native of South Carolina, born 
 March 14, 1818. They were married in Ohio, December i6, 1835, and the next 
 year they came overland, by wagon, there being no railroads here at that time, 
 and settled in Persifer township. They were especially attracted to this part 
 of western Illinois which was then little known, by the glowing accounts of the 
 beauties of the country and of the fertility of it's soil brought back to Ohio by 
 an older brother of Thomas Elliott. A few years previous this brother had 
 visited Illinois and returned to Ohio on horseback. He reported that when near 
 the Illinois river he had frozen his legs nearly to his body and had been kept all 
 winter and nursed back to health by the Indians of a village near wliere Peoria 
 now stands. Thomas Elliott, like most of the pioneers, located in a timbered 
 country near a stream for the conveniences of those two great necessities, wood 
 and water. From Persifer township he removed to Victoria township in 1856, 
 remaining there until he moved to Missouri in 1868. There he died May 30, 
 1882, and his wife followed him October 21, 1901. The paternal family con- 
 sisted of fourteen children, six of w^om are still living. They are George W. 
 Elliott, Mrs. Elizabeth Robinson, and Mrs. Hannah Fields, all of whoni now 
 
X 
 
 y. 
 y. 
 
104d . : . HISTORY OF KXOX COUNTY 
 
 He remained in this until 1872 when his establishment was entirely destroyed 
 by fire. For the following three years he engaged in the manufacture of brushes 
 and at the end of this time took up carpentering, working at this occupation 
 until the present time. 
 
 In 1869 the marriage of James \\'. Xeale and Lydia J. Finch occurred. She 
 was born October 30, 1848, in Stark county, Illinois, and was a daughter of 
 Louis and Harriet (\\'ittier) Finch of Ohio. Three children were born to Mr. : 
 and Mrs. James \V. Xeale: Frank, living in Xorth Dakota, who has one child, 
 Kenneth M.; William Arthur, a city contractor and builder in Los Angeles, 
 California; and Xina E., the wife of W. A. Stubbins, who lives in Los Angeles, 
 California, and has one child, Richard C. 
 
 Mr. and Mrs. Xeale are devoted members of the Congregational church, 
 in which they take great interest as well as in its affiliated societies. Mr. Xeale 
 is an aggressive prohibitionist and is a strong adherent of his party. He main- 
 tains relations with his comrades of the great war through his membership in 
 \'ictoria Post, Xo. 698, G. A. R. He is a man of sterling qualities, though un- 
 obtrusive in manner, letting his actions speak for him, instead of proclaiming 
 his own virtues. He is a man of worth and character, gentle and kind, and has 
 many warm friends. , . 
 
 MR. AND MRS. DAWSOX BURGESS ELLIOTT. 
 
 Among the respected citizens and representative agriculturists of Knox 
 county must be numbered the late Burgess Elliott who, with the aid of his good 
 wife, and by industry, frugality, and enterprise acquired a farm of two hundred 
 and fifty acres in \'ictoria township together with a very comfortable home and 
 valuable business property in Williamsfield. 
 
 The parents of Burgess Elliott were Thomas, a native of Ohio, bom Xo- 
 vember 8. 1812, and Hannah (Reece) Elliott, a native of South Carolina, born 
 March 14. i8i8. They were married in Ohio, December i6, 1835, and the next 
 year they came overland, by wagon, there being no railroads here at that time, 
 and settled in Persifer township. They were especially attracted to this part 
 of western Illinois which was then little known, by the glowing accounts of the 
 beauties of the country and of the fertility of it's soil brought back to Ohio by 
 an older brother of Thomas Elliott. A few years previous this brother had 
 visited Illinois and returned to Ohio on horseback. He reported that when near 
 the Illinois river he had frozen his legs nearly to his body and had been kept all 
 winter and nursed back to health by the Indians of a village near where Peoria 
 now stands. Thomas Elliott, like most of the pioneers, located in a timbered 
 country near a stream for the conveniences of those two great necessities, wood 
 and water. From Persifer township he removed to Victoria township in 1856, 
 remaining there until he moved to Missouri in 1868. There he died May 30, 
 1882, and his wife followed him October 21, icpi. The paternal family con- 
 sisted of fourteen children, six of whom are still living. They are George W. 
 Elliott, Mrs. Elizabeth Robinson, and Mrs. Hannah Fields, all of whom now 
 
v; ; 3 HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY ^^ 1051 
 
 reside in Knox county; and Mrs. Samantha Labar, Mrs. Sarah Marley, and 
 Thomas Elliott, who are now living in Missouri. : c . ,-. 
 
 Burgess Elliott was the oldest of the children, being bom in Persifer town- 
 ship August 7, 1837. In the days of his boyhood people existed with less of the 
 necessities and very few of the luxuries of the present time. Educational 
 advantages were very limited, there being no public schools. As more settlers 
 came in, neighborhood schools were organized, each patron paying in proportion 
 to the number of pupils sent. These schools were far between and lasted but 
 a few months in a year. They were held in log buildings in which the old- 
 fashioned fireplace served as heating system. The furniture consisted of punch- 
 eon benches on which the pupils sat. These benches were made by splitting out 
 logs similar to slabs of the present day. To complete them the flat side was 
 made as smooth as possible and on the opposite side four holes were bored to 
 receive legs of a suitable length. Among these surroundings Burgess Elliott 
 spent his youth and gained the rudiments of his early education. In those early 
 days the cultivation of flax for weaving into cloth came next to the raising of 
 grain for food. The old loom with which the mother of Burgess Elliott wove 
 the material to clothe her large family was in use in Victoria township until 1905. 
 There is still some of this cloth in the family after over fifty years of use. 
 
 There was great rejoicing in the early '5os when it was learned that the 
 Chicago, Burlington & Quincy Railroad was to be built through Knox county. 
 Thomas Elliott was among the early ones to profit by its coming, he having taken 
 a contract to supply several thousand ties to be delivered between Galva and 
 Altona. At this time Burgess was too young to cut and hew ties but he did 
 his part in delivering them. There were few roads and no bridges then, so that 
 teams hauling across the prairies encountered many difficulties. Whenever a 
 miry creek or swampy place was reached the line of wagons stopped and each 
 man took a tie from his load and carried it forward to improvise a bridge. 
 When all had crossed they loaded up their ties and continued on their journey. 
 Burgess Elliott remained at home and assisted his parents until he was twenty- 
 seven years of age. During the winter he worked in the timber, from whence, 
 by the aid of the ax and other simple implements, the pioneers derived their 
 furniture, building material, and other household and farm necessities. He 
 devoted the warmer months to agricultural labors, especially to breaking prairie. 
 This he accomplished with oxen, sometimes driving four yoke of oxen to his 
 breaking plow. He was married June 14, 1865, to Achsah Ann Rue, who was 
 bom in Indiana, March 29, 1846. 
 
 Mrs. Achsah Ann (Rue) Elliott was the daughter of Michael Rue. a native 
 of Pennsylvania, and Mary (Fudger) Rue, a native of Ohio. The immediate 
 family consisted of three girls, Lucy, Hannah and Achsah, who was the young- 
 est. The mother died when Achsah was an infant and the father followed in 
 1855. Thus the children were early deprived of the care and comforts of a 
 home. They were separated and changed from place to place. Achsah living 
 in Indiana for a while and then in Ohio. At the age of sixteen she came to 
 Knox county. Illinois, with a half-sister, Sarah Rhodes, who engaged in school 
 teaching in Victoria township in the earlv '6os. ' 
 
 Mr. and Mrs. Burgess Elliott were the parents of four children ; William 
 Burgess, bom May 20, 1866; Charles Wesley, bom June 19, 1867; and Hannah 
 
 Vol. 1148 
 
1052 HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY 
 
 Mary, who died in infancy. William B. Elliott married Jannette Armstrong, 
 November 14, 1888. To this union were born six children, Jennie Achsah, Wil- 
 liam Burgess, Edward Rue, Robert Montgomery, Charles Rolland (deceased), 
 and John Kenneth. William B. Elliott and family now live on the old family 
 homestead in Victoria township. Charles W. Elliott was married to Marie John- 
 son, September 5, 1894. They are the parents of three children, Virgil Don- 
 ovan, Marie Achsah, and Maude Arsula. Charles W. Elliott and family live at 
 89 Arnold street, Galesburg, Illinois. 
 
 Burgess Elliott and wife felt keenly the lack of educational advantages that 
 surrounded their early days and for that reason they desired to provide amply 
 for the education of their children. Accordingly, W. B. Elliott entered Lom- 
 bard College in 1887, remaining there until the winter of 1888. Later he entered 
 the State Normal University at Normal, Illinois, from which school he was 
 graduated in 1893. Charles W. Elliott entered Lombard College in 1888 and 
 was graduated from that institution in June 1892. In 1893 he received the 
 degree of M. S. from this school. Later he took up the study of law and en- 
 rolled with the American Correspondence School of Law, receiving his diploma 
 in 1911. : ;^.'' . : "^ '"' 
 
 Mr. and Mrs. Burgess Elliott remained on the farm until the fall of 1895 
 when they moved to Williamsfield to occupy a new home which they had pur- 
 chased there. Here Burgess Eliott spent the remainder of his life, having died 
 April 7, 1908. Mrs. Elliott now lives here, still retaining in a large measure 
 that characteristic fortitude, perserverance, and congeniality which so materially 
 aided her husband through all the years of their married life. The religious 
 faith of Mr. and Mrs. Elliott was manifested through the Methodist Episcopal 
 church, and in political matters Mr. Elliott was generally in support of the 
 principle of the republican party, his first presidential vote having been cast for 
 Abraham Lincoln. He always took an active interest in national and local 
 political matters. He never aspired to political preferment, although he held 
 several minor offices, the duties of which he discharged with that degree of 
 efficiency which characterized all his undertakings in life. A man of clean judg- 
 ment, high principles, and progressive spirit, he contributed his quota toward 
 promoting the community welfare along the highest lines of citizenship. 
 
 ' ;: f-; JOHN THOMAS DICKINSON. ;^v,.: I' > 
 
 John Thomas Dickinson, one of Abingdon's prominent citizens and foremost 
 business men, is the general manager of the Dickinson Drug Company, which 
 conducts two stores in Abingdon and one at Knoxville. His birth occurred in 
 Onarga. Illinois, on the 1st of September, 1876, his parents being John Thomas 
 and Elvira (Cleveland) Dickinson, the former a native of Binghamton, New 
 York, and the latter of Griggsville, Illinois. Their marriage was celebrated in 
 Abingdon. where John T. Dickinson, Sr., was president of the college for a 
 number of years. 
 
 John Thomas Dickinson, Jr., was reared under the parental roof and pursued 
 his. education in the public schools until he was graduated from the high school 
 
: ; :. ; V HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY '" 1053 
 
 at Mount Pleasant, Iowa. Subsequently he attended the Iowa Wesleyan College 
 at Mount Pleasant, from which institution he was graduated with the class of 
 1897, winning the degree of Bachelor of Science. He then returned to Abing- 
 don and began the study of pharmacy in the drug store of F. P. Foltz, there re- 
 maining for three years. In 1900 he went to Des Moines, Iowa, there securing 
 a position as clerk in the house of representatives. While employed in that ca- 
 pacity he completed his pharmaceutical studies, passed the required examination 
 and in igoo was given his certificate as a graduate pharmacist in Iowa. In the 
 spring of 1901 he again returned to Abingdon and passed another examination, 
 receiving his Illinois certificate as a registered pharmacist in June of that year. 
 Fora year following he clerked for Drs. Creel and Dickinson in the drug store 
 at this place. In 1902, in association with Dr. Dickinson, he purchased Dr. 
 Creel's interest in the business and organized the Dickinson Drug Company, un- 
 der which style the enterprise has since been conducted. In March, 1909, they 
 established a branch at Knoxville, this county, and in December, 1910, purchased 
 the opposition drug store in Abingdon. In December, 1909, in partnership with 
 M. R. Hunter, Mr. Dickinson opened a drug store in Avon, Fulton county, which 
 is conducted under the name of the Hunter Drug Company. He is a man 
 of keen discrimination and sound judgment and his executive ability and ex- 
 cellent management have brought to the concerns with which he is connected 
 a large degree of success. 
 
 In October, 1907, Mr. Dickinson was united in marriage to Miss Rose Mc- 
 Clure, a teacher in the public schools of Abingdon, by whom he has one child, 
 Leanna Grace. He gives his political allegiance to the republican party and be- 
 longs to the following organizations: Abingdon Lodge, No. 185, A. F. & A. M.; 
 Abingdon Lodge, No. 373, K. P. ; and Abingdon Lodge, No. 194, I. O. O. F. 
 His religious faith is indicated by his membership in the Methodist Episcopal 
 church, to which his wife also belongs. They are people of the highest respect- 
 ability, enjoying in large measure the friendship of those with whom they have 
 been brought in contact, and well directed activity has gained Mr. Dickinson a 
 creditable place in business circles. 
 
 - : . . : .' WILLIAM D. GODFREY. ; .; ; . ; ; ; ^; 
 
 William D. Godfrey, a member of the Galesburg bar, who since 1893, has prac- 
 ticed continuously in this city and is now accorded a large and distinctively repre- 
 sentative clientage, was born near Roseville, Warren county, Illinois, August ii, 
 1867. The family was founded in this state at any early period in its develop- 
 ment, his grandparents, Mr. and Mrs. Elijah Godfrey, having been farming 
 people of Warren county, where they spent their last days. Their family num- 
 bered two sons and four daughters, including David C. Godfrey, the father of 
 William D. Godfrey. He was born in Indiana and on starting out in life took up 
 the occupation of farming, to which he had been reared. Later he turned his at- 
 tention to merchandising. He married Miss Nancy M. Kretzinger, a native of 
 Ohio, who in her girlhood days went to Warren county, with her parents. Rev. 
 Isaac Kretzinger and wife, who lived there for some time and afterward in Knox- 
 ville, while subsequently they became residents of Latham, Logan county, where 
 
1054 - HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY 
 
 they died when well advanced in years. Their family numbered three sons and 
 two daughters, George W., Joseph, William, Nancy M. and Sarah. 
 
 Unto David C. and Nancy M. Godfrey there were born five children; Wil- 
 liam D. ; Nellie, who married L. E. Payne and resides in Galesburg ; August 
 J., of Kansas City, Kansas ; David C., Jr., of New Orleans, Louisiana ; and Nae 
 D., of Kansas City, Kansas. It was some years after their marriage that the par- 
 ents removed to Missouri settling near Kirksville, and the father now makes his 
 home in Kansas City, Kansas, where he is living retired. Both he and his wife 
 are members of the Methodist church and are ever loyal to their professions. Mr. 
 Godfrey is a veteran of the Civil war, having for three years served as a member 
 of the Eighty-third Illinois Infantry. On one occasion he was wounded in battle. 
 After the war he returned to his father's farm and subsequently took up his abode 
 on a farm near Kirksville, Missouri. ; 
 
 William D. Godfrey spent his youth in Missouri and attended the public . 
 schools of Kirksville, and Green City, being graduated from the high school in 
 the latter place and also from the Green City College. Later he attended the 
 Kirksville State Normal School, and seven terms he engaged in teaching, proving '. 
 a capable educator because of his ability to impart clearly, readily and concisely 
 to others the knowledge that he had acquired. He then took up the study of law : 
 in the Northern Indian Law School at Valparaiso and was graduated in 1893. He 
 was then admitted to the bar and began practicing in Galesburg in 1893, since ,r 
 which time he has here followed his profession. He prepares his cases with 
 great thoroughness and care, and his careful analysis enables him to present in 
 logical form the salient points bearing upon his cause. He is also seldom, if ever, 
 at fault in the citation of principle or precedent and his ability is manifest in the 
 many favorable verdicts which he has won. ; .: -. 
 
 On the 6th of September, 1904, Mr. Godfrey was married to Miss M. Ada 
 Bubb, a daughter of General J. W. Bubb. They have three children, Helen, Mary 
 Ada and William D. The parents are members of the Christian church and Mr. - 
 Godfrey also belongs to the Vesper Lodge, F. & A. M.; Galesburg Chapter, 
 R. A. M. ; Galesburg Commandery, No. 8, K. T. ; the Galesburg Club and the 
 Soangetaha Country Club. In his life professional activity and social and rec- 
 reative interests have maintained an even balance that has made him a valued 
 citizen, and his public spirit has all times prompted his support of the projects and 
 plans for the public good. . . . : \ - -. ;, 
 
 * * '-' . . ' "' I f- . .- 9 ' 
 
 ; ::rv;. EDWARD P. ROBSON. - ': ^^V 
 
 Edward P. Robson. who is intimately connected with the agricultural and 
 financial interests of Knox county, was born on January 5, 1875. He is the 
 grandson of John Robson, who was born near Newcastle, in Northumberland 
 county, England, and who was married to Mary Brown, and he is a son of 
 William Robson, whose birth occurred in Newcastle-on-Tyne, England, on the 
 5th of September, 1831, and who came to America with his parents when a 
 young man. They located first at Beaver Point, Pennsylvania, and in the spring 
 of 1850 removed to Knox county, near Rio. After his marriage he purchased 
 
1054 HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY 
 
 they died when well advanced in years. Their family numbered three sons and 
 cwo daughters, George \\'., Joseph, William, Nancy M. and Sarah. 
 
 Unto David C. and Nancy M. Godfrey there were born five children; Wil- 
 liam D. ; Nellie, who married L. E. Payne and resides in Galesburg; August 
 J.. of Kansas City. Kansas ; David C., Jr., of New Orleans, Louisiana ; and Nae 
 D., of Kansas City, Kansas. It was some years after their marriage that the par- 
 ents removed to 'Missouri settling near Kirksville, and the father now makes his 
 home in Kansas City, Kansas, where he is living retired. Both he and his wife 
 are members of the Methodist church and are ever loyal to their professions. Mr. 
 Godfrey is a veteran of the Civil war, having for three years served as a member 
 of the Eighty-third Illinois Infantry. On one occasion he was wounded in battle. 
 After the war he returned to his father's farm and subsequently took up his abode 
 on a farm near Kirksville, Missouri. , . | 
 
 William D. Godfrey spent his youth in Missouri and attended the public 
 schools of Kirksville, and Green City, being graduated from the high school in 
 the latter place and also from the Green City College. Later he attended the 
 Kirksville State Normal School, and seven terms he engaged in teaching, proving 
 a capable educator because of his ability to impart clearly, readily and concisely 
 to others the knowledge that he had acquired. He then took up the study of law 
 in the Northern Indian Law School at Valparaiso and was graduated in 1893. He 
 was then admitted to the bar and began practicing in Galesburg in 1893, since 
 which time he has here followed his profession. He prepares his cases with 
 great thoroughness and care, and his careful analysis enables him to present in 
 logical form the salient points bearing upon his cause. He is also seldom, if ever, 
 at fault in the citation of princijile or precedent and his ability is manifest in the 
 many favorable verdicts which he has won. 
 
 On the Tith of September, 1904. Mr. Godfrey was married to Miss M. Ada 
 Bubb, a daughter of General J. W. llubb. They have three children. Helen, Mary 
 Ada and William D. The parents are members of the Christian church and Mr. 
 Godfrey also belongs to the X'esper Lodge, F. & A. M. ; Galesburg Chapter, 
 R. A. M. ; Galesburg Commandery. Xo. 8, K. T. ; the Galesburg Club and the 
 Soangetaha Country Club. In his life professional activity and social and rec- 
 reative interests have maintained an even balance that has made him a valued 
 citizen, and his public spirit has all times jjrompted his support of the projects and 
 plans for the public good. 
 
 ^. - KDWARD P. ROIiSOX. i 
 
 Edward P. Robson. who is intimately connected with the agricultural and 
 financial interests of Knox county, was born on January 5. 1875. lie is the 
 grandson of John Robson, who was born near Xewcastle. in Xorthuniberland 
 county. England, and who was married to Mary I'.rown. and he is a son of 
 \\'illiani Robson. whose birth occurred in Xewcastle-on-Tyne. England, on the 
 5th of Sei)tenil)cr, 1^31. and who came to America with his parents when a 
 young man. They located first at Ueaver Point. Pennsylvania, and in the spring 
 of iS;o removed to Knox conntv. near Rio. After his marriage he purchased 
 
; :'' 
 
;?:/' . HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY ;%^:v -^ . 
 
 his present homestead near Wataga and afterward engaged in stock-raising and 
 general farming. William Robson was twice married. His first union was to 
 Miss Jane Goff, who was a daughter of Louis Goff, one of the early settlers of 
 Rio township. To this union three children were born, one of whom survives, 
 Cora Alice. Mrs. Robson passed away in 1867. Mr. Robson's second union 
 occurred in 1871 to Mary E. Gordon, who was born in Victoria, Knox county, 
 November 7, 1847, *"d was a daughter of Peter Gordon, a native of Scotland, 
 who came to America when a young man and settled at Peoria, where he was 
 employed for three years at six dollars per month. Later, in 1841, he removed 
 to Victoria and was engaged in agricultural pursuits throughout his life. He 
 was married to Miss Mary A. McDowell, who was a daughter of John McDow- 
 ell, who came to America in 1838, going directly to Knox county. Mrs. Gordon, 
 who had been previously married to William Tate, died in 1900, at the age of 
 eighty-six years. Mrs. Robson is at present sixty-nine years of age and is 
 residing at the home of her son, E. P. Robson, who was the second of three 
 children born to his parents, the others being: Gordon, deceased; and Henry 
 Stewart, whose birth occurred May i8, 1892, and who is residing with his 
 brother. Mrs. Robson is a graduate of the North Western Normal School of 
 Ohio and is a member of the Congregational church of Wataga and of its 
 Ladies' Aid and Missionary Society. Mr. Robson, whose death occurred Jan- 
 uary lO, 1901, was one of the organizers of the Galesburg National Bank and 
 at the time of his death was serving in the capacity of vice president. In poli- 
 tics he gave his support to the republican party and was one of its active mem- 
 hers, among the offices to which he had been elected being that of school director 
 for several years, of highway commissioner for two terms and member of the 
 county board of supervisors for twenty-one years. 
 
 Edward P. Robson attended the common schools in his youth and at the 
 age of thirteen years entered Knox College for a three years' course, after 
 which he graduated from Brown's Business College in 1895. Having thus com- 
 pleted his education, he returned home and undertook the management of his 
 father's farm because of the latter's ill health. In addition to general farming he 
 also engaged in stock-raising and in both lines met with immediate success. 
 But he has also interested himself in other undertakings, among these being the 
 Western Tool Works of Galesburg, in which he became interested in 1905 and 
 which is now principally owned by him and known as the Robson Manufactur- 
 ing Company of Galesburg. Three years previous he and his brother opened 
 the Bank of Wataga, at Wataga, and he has since served in the capacity of 
 president. His success in this financial undertaking was so great that, in 1905, 
 he opened the Victoria Exchange Bank of Victoria and has always acted as its 
 president and since his father's death has filled the vacancy caused thereby in 
 the directorate of the Galesburg National Bank. Mr. Robson has always had 
 the support and confidence of the residents of his community and under his 
 able management these banks have become solid financial institutions. Their 
 policies have ever been such as to commend them to the public and Mr. Robson 
 has always surrounded himself with such men as officers that are well-known 
 for their reliability and trustworthiness. 
 
 In 1899 Mr. Robson was married to Miss Helen McCall Sisson. She was 
 born November 27, 1871, near Galesburg, in Henderson township, and is a 
 
1058 HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY ' - 
 
 daughter of Henry M. and Elizabeth (Miller) Sisson, the former deceased and 
 the latter, who is seventy-three years of age, a resident of Galesburg. They have 
 become the parents of two children : William Henry, born February lO, 1902 ; 
 and Mary Elizabeth, whose birth occurred on the 2gih of July, 1907. 
 
 In politics Mr. Robson gives active support to the republican party. He has 
 served as a member of the board of supervisors for nine years, since 1903 has 
 been a member of the township school board and has been a delegate to state 
 conventions. In religious faith he is a Congregationalist and Mrs. Robson also 
 holds membership in the Congregational church of Wataga. They are both 
 active in its various departments, Mrs. Robson being at present president of the 
 Ladies' Aid Society and her husband is acting as church treasurer. In frater- 
 nal circles Mr. Robson is equally prominent, holding membership in Wataga 
 Lodge, No. 291, A. F. & A. M.; Oneida Chapter, R. A. M. ; Galesburg Com- 
 mandery, K. T. ; and Mohammed Temple of the Mystic Shrine. He also be- 
 longs to the Galesburg Lodge of Elks and the Galesburg Business Men's Club. 
 Mr. Robson is constantly working for the industrial, commercial, financial and 
 social development of his district and high regard is tendered him by reason of 
 business enterprise and integrity and his sterling personal worth. 
 
 ;:;;;;' CHARLES B. PENN. > /V^- ; 
 
 For twenty years Charles B. Penn has been engaged in bricklaying and 
 plastering in Galesburg, and during much of this time has carried on business 
 on his own account as a contractor, his success being due to the fact that he is 
 energetic, industrious and reliable. He was born in Kirton-Lindsay, Lincoln- 
 shire, England, August ii, 1853. His father, Thomas Penn, a native of Eng- 
 land, came to America in 1857 and one year later brought his wife and family 
 to the new world. He was a shoemaker by trade, and upon his arrival here 
 immediately secured employment in the town of Knoxville, where he has since 
 made his home. He began learning his trade when but seven years of age and 
 followed it continuously until about ten years ago when he retired. He is now 
 nearly eighty-six years of age and enjoys very good health for one of his years. 
 Indolence and idleness are utterly foreign to his nature, and while he no longer 
 engages in shoemaking, he does give considerable attention to the cultivation of 
 strawberries, and has as fine a garden of that fruit as anyone in the town. He 
 is known by all the citizens of Knoxville, and is held in the highest respect. 
 Throughout the county, too, he has a wide acquaintance, and his well spent life 
 has gained him warm regard. He married Susan Oglesby, an English lady, 
 who was also a native of Lincolnshire. After her husband came to America 
 she remained in England with the family until 1858, when Mr. Penn felt con- 
 vinced it would be advantageous to establish his home in the United States and 
 made plans for his family to come here. Like her husband, Mrs. Penn was 
 well known in Knoxville where she passed away in 1910. In their family were 
 three children, a daughter and two sons, namely: Eliza, who became the wife 
 of Isaac Gumm of Knoxville, and is now a widow living in that place; Charles 
 B., of this review ; and Henry, who was a resident of Knoxville but is now 
 deceased. 
 
 Charles B. Penn was about six years of age when brought to the United 
 
;:;;;;-..; HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY //;: 1059 
 
 States by his mother, so practically his entire life has been spent in Knox county. 
 He attended the public schools, and as soon as old enough to work secured a 
 position as a farm hand in the vicinity of his father's home. For a quarter of a 
 century he followed the occupation of farming and during part of that time 
 was engaged in the business on his own account. At the expiration of that 
 period he turned his attention to bricklaying and plastering, which trades he has 
 now followed through two decades, being still active in this work. He is a 
 member of Bricklayers' Union No. 12. 
 
 Mr. Penn was married at Knoxville, Illinois, June 30, 1876, to Miss Ella 
 Ingle, a daughter of Asa and Elizabeth (Bershire) Ingle, of Knoxville. They 
 are the parents of three children : Elvira, now the wife of Bert Bunker, a well J 
 known shoe merchant of Galesburg ; Hazel, who is married to Lloyd McCulluck, 
 an employe of the Chicago, Burlington & Quincy Railroad, residing in Gales- 
 burg; and Edythe, who is at home. 
 
 In all the years of his residence in Knox county, Mr. Penn has enjoyed the 
 respect and good-will of his fellowmen. Whatever success he has achieved is 
 due to his own labors, and his life has been a busy and useful one. He has not 
 sought to figure prominently in any public connection, being content to faithfully 
 perform his duties day by day in his relations of citizenship to his country and 
 in his relations as a man among his fellowmen. 
 
 Mr. Penn is the proud possessor of a very unique table. It is entirely his 
 own work and was done during leisure hours, mostly by lamp-light. The table 
 contains two hundred and ninety pieces of wood, all visible and many of them 
 having a historic record. It contains pieces of handsome black walnut from 
 one of the pioneer residences of Galesburg, white oak from remains of the first 
 jail in Knox county, built in 1832, and from the first courthouse, built in 1831. 
 In the center of the beautiful inlaid top appears a star made from wood cut 
 from the oak tree under which Pemberton surrendered to General Grant, July 
 4, 1863, with thirty-three thousand men. ,, ,.. . . -. ...,-'- 
 
 :>--.--:'.-/" .. - -.-. r:-...;';;;.? c. H. UPP. :::.:.'.> :xv; ..,,.. . ..:';.iA-;:::v;;::^'V,,-":;r >-^ 
 
 C. H. Upp, who engages in general farming and stockraising in Haw Creek : . 
 township, of which he has been the supervisor since April, 1910, was born in the ': ' 
 township where he now resides on the I5th of December, 1866. His father, W.v " ; 
 C. Upp, was born and reared in Highland county, Ohio, the son of .Milton and 
 Karlitha Upp. The grandfather passed away in the Buckeye state, after which 
 his widow with five sons and two daughters removed to Knox county, Illinois, . ' 
 where she resided for a number of years. For his wife W. C. Upp chose Miss : 
 Emily Sherman, a native of Haw Creek township and a daughter of Isaac and 
 Eliza Sherman. After their marriage they located on a farm in Haw Creek 
 township, but subsequently removed to Persifer township. There Mr. Upp 
 passed away at the age of seventy-one years and was laid to rest in the cemetery 
 at Gilson. He was an active member of the United Brethren church to which his . . 
 widow also belongs. Although she has attained the age of sixty-seven Mrs. Upp 
 continues to reside upon her homestead of two hundred and fifty acres, the cultiva- 'S'\.- 
 
1060 HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY 
 
 tion of which she superintends. The family of Mr. and Mrs. Upp numbered eight 
 children: C. H., our subject; A. E., who is living in Boone Grove, Indiana; Isaac 
 and Eliza, both of whom are deceased ; Eva, the wife of Hubard Keller, who re- 
 sides east of Knoxville; George, who is also living east of Knoxville; Ella, the 
 wife of Joseph Mastin, now living east of Knoxville ; and Garrold, who is living 
 on the home farm in Persifer township. 
 
 Practically the entire life of C. H. Upp has been devoted to agricultural pur- 
 suits in Haw Creek township. His boyhood and youth were very like those of 
 other lads of the same period and like circumstances. In the acquirement of his 
 education he attended the district schools in the winter until he had mastered the 
 common branches, his summers being devoted to the mastery of the practical 
 methods of agriculture, under the supervision of his father. When he had at- 
 tained the age of twenty-two he left the parental roof and started to make his 
 own way in the world. He now owns eighty acres of land on section 2, Haw 
 Creek township, all of which is in pasture, while he leases two hundred and fifty 
 acres on the northeast corner of section i6 that he devotes to general farming. 
 He makes a specialty of the breeding and raising of Percheron horses, in which 
 he has engaged for the past ten years. 
 
 In 1889 Mr. Upp was married to Miss Ada Houser, who was born in Haw 
 Creek township, a daughter of Jonathan and Mary Houser. Of this union there 
 was born one child, Isal, who is still at home. Mr. Upp is a member of the 
 Modern Woodmen of America and politically he is a republican. He has always 
 been one of the public-spirited citizens of his community, taking an active inter- 
 est in all political matters. He was assessor of the township for eight years, 
 while he was township supervisor and clerk and member of the township high 
 school board for a similar period. He is now acting as supervisor, having suc- 
 ceeded F. M. Lawrence in April, 1910, and during the year and a half he has 
 been identified with this office has discharged his duties in a manner to meet with 
 the approval of his constituency as well as the community at large. 
 
 /.:\<':-- . FRED T. DU VON. :'';->:>;. 
 
 Fred T. Du Von, senior partner of the firm of Du Von & Brown, wholesale 
 bakers, was born in Warren county, Illinois, five miles west of Galesburg, on the 
 1st of June, 1877. He is a son of the late Nels T. and Johanna (Linberg) 
 Du Von, natives of Christianstad, Sweden, the father's birth having occurred 
 on January 27, 1827, and that of the mother on the iQth of February, 1842. 
 Nels T. Du Von followed farming in his native land until 1870, when he emi- 
 grated to the United States, locating in Warren county. There he continued to 
 engage in agricultural pursuits until 1884, when he removed to Knox county. 
 In 1895 he withdrew from the active work of the fields and came to Galesburg, 
 where he lived retired until his death, on the i4th of August, 1899. The mother 
 passed away on the loth of March, 1892. Their marriage occurred in Galesburg 
 in the month of August, 1875, and unto them were born four children: Fred T., 
 our subject; Jay H., who is also a resident of this city; Alice, who is a resident 
 of Peoria, Illinois ; and Hannah, who is deceased. Both Mr. and Mrs. Du Von 
 
-. ^- 
 
 "-^^ 
 
 ( 
 
;: V- : V HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY t; 1063 
 
 were members of the Swedish Methodist Episcopal church, and his political 
 support he gave to the republican party. 
 
 The public schools of Galesburg provided Fred T. Du Von with an education, 
 after which he spent two years assisting his father on the farm. At the expira- 
 tion of that time he began to make his own way in the world. His first position 
 was that of a teamster in Galesburg, but he subsequently entered the employ of 
 N. J. Gottschall, a baker. He remained in his service for two years, during 
 which time he learned the trade. He next found employment in the establish- 
 ment of Gust Hawkinson and worked there for a year, when he went to Chicago. 
 After a year's sojourn in the latter city, he returned to Galesburg and worked 
 for two and a half years at his trade as a baker. His next removal was to New 
 Mexico, and after being employed there for a year he once more became a res- 
 ident of Galesburg. Upon his return he bought the business of T. R. Wilson on 
 Main street, which he operated alone for eight months. On the 2Oth of Septem- 
 ber, 1906, Mr. Brown bought a half interest in the enterprise which they have 
 ever since conducted under the firm name of Du Von & Brown, meeting with 
 excellent success. The business was originally established in 1857 and is one 
 of the oldest concerns of the kind in the city. They do an exclusive wholesale 
 business in bread, pies, cakes and cookies, and enjoy an extensive trade, their 
 products being shipped to practically every town of any size within a radius of 
 fifty miles. During the five years of their ownership Messrs. Du Von and 
 Brown have practically revolutionized the business, having erected a fine new 
 brick building at Nos. 541 to 557 East Main street, that they have occupied 
 since 1910. It is fully equipped with all modern conveniences and appliances 
 essential to the operation of a thoroughly modern and sanitary bakery. They give 
 employment to fifteen people, four of whom are salesmen, and their business 
 is constantly increasing, each year showing a marked advance over the one pre- 
 vious. 
 
 Mr. Du Von manifests his religious views through his membership in the 
 Swedish Methodist Episcopal church, in the work of which he takes a deep in- 
 terest, and is now serving as secretary of the official board. He is a worthy 
 exemplar of the Masonic fraternity, holding membership in Vesper Lodge, No. 
 584, A. F. & A. M.; Galesburg Chapter, No. 46, R. A. M.; Galesburg Com- 
 mandery. No. 8, K. T. ; Illinois Council, No. i, R. & S. M. ; Mohammed Temple, 
 A. A. O. N. M. S., and also has attained the thirty-second degree in Peoria Con- 
 sistory. He has served at various times as worshipful master of the lodge, high 
 priest of the chapter and eminent commander of the commandery. He also be- 
 longs to the Benevolent Protective Order of Elks and the Galesburg and Coun- 
 try Clubs, while he maintains relations with the business men of the city through 
 his connection with the Retail Merchants' Association. His political allegiance 
 Mr. Du Von gives to the democratic party and he is now serving on the board 
 of supervisors. He is not only a most capable and progressive business man, but 
 a public-spirited, enterprising citizen who fully appreciates his obligations to the 
 municipality and conscientiously strives to discharge them by assisting in every 
 possible way the city's development. His prominence in trade circles is in- 
 dicated by the fact that he has been honored with the presidency of the Illinois 
 Master Bakers' Association, which position he filled in the year 1911. He has 
 been very active along this line, doing much to advance the interests of the trade 
 
1064 : ' HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY ^^' - 
 
 '*' . ' ' ' ' . '"-. *'. .,.''"-..'' 
 
 ''-.'.-., -'-'. . . '.. \ '.''..'".' ^.- ' .-}. \ -. . 
 
 and to stimulate a desire for a higher standard of service to the public. His 
 own business ability is manifest in the success which has crowned his labors in 
 the years which have chronicled his advancement from a humble position to one 
 of prominence. The business in which he is now interested as senior partner is 
 today an extensive enterprise, owing its success in large measure to the capable 
 management, laudable ambition and enterprising spirit of Fred T. Du Von. 
 
 : :" . GEORGE ABNER PERRY. 7 v ' 
 
 George Abner Perry, who is business manager of the Galesburg Printing & 
 Publishing Company, publishers of the Republican-Register, was born in Payson, 
 Illinois, July 20, 1868, his parents being William Dodd and Clarissa Fitch (Whit- 
 man) Perry. The father was at one time owner and publisher of the Adams 
 County News and was also connected with agricultural pursuits. The maternal 
 grandfather, Charles Whitman, was born in West Hartford, Connecticut, July 
 28, 1802, and on the I3th of November, 1833 at Windham, Connecticut he was 
 married to Miss Henrietta Perkins. Almost immediately afterward they came 
 to Illinois locating in Payson, where they resided throughout the remainder of 
 their lives. He was engaged in farming. Mrs. Whitman was born September 4, 
 1814. To their union two children were born : Qarissa Fitch, whose birth occurred 
 in Payson, Illinois, December 8, 1835 ; and Edward Perkins, who was born August 
 
 13, 1837, and died in November of the same year. Mr. Whitman was married in 
 Salisbury Connecticut, in 1842 to Miss Jane Holmes and by this union he had two 
 children, a daughter who died in infancy and a son, Charles Holmes, whose birth 
 occurred December 4, 1844. Mrs. Whitman's death occurred in Payson, June 
 19, 1874. Charles Whitman died May 14, 1877, at Payson. William Dodd Perry 
 was born September 30, 1835, a son of Abner and Adaline (Dodd) Perry, the 
 former a native of Holden, Massachusetts, and the latter of Rutland, Massa- 
 chusetts. Mr. Perry's marriage to .Miss Clarissa Fitch Whitman occurred June 
 
 14, 1855. To their union three sons were born: Arthur Henry, born December 
 30, 1857 ; Edward Perkins, whose birth occurred April 13, i86i ; and George 
 Abner, who is the subject of this review. ,>;v ..;;,; . :;^ : 'V .;^^ | 
 
 In the common and high schools of Payson, George A. Perry pursued his 
 early education, which prepared him to enter Knox College in 1887. He com- 
 pleted the full course offered in the scientific department and was graduated in 
 1891. Throughout his college career he found it necessary to aid in his support 
 and he engaged in newspkper work and advertising soliciting. Early in life he 
 realized that in newspaper work he would find his most congenial occupation. 
 After graduating from Knox College he accepted a position in the business de- 
 partment of the Daily Mail at Galesburg, which was being started at that time 
 under the management of George W. Colville, W. R. Colville and W. B. Barnes. 
 For four years he worked on this paper. In 1895 Ben B. Hampton and D. H. 
 Hampton purchased the stock in the Daily Mail which had been owned by the 
 Colville brothers and Mr. Barnes, and for a few months Mr,. Perry remained in 
 the employ of the Messrs. Hampton. At the end of that time, at the request of 
 the Colville brothers and Mr. Barnes, Mr. Perry purchased an interest in their 
 
- ' ; . HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY :;- Vrv 1065 
 
 job printing and binding business. After several months Mr. Barnes disposed 
 of his holdings to the partners and the firm became known as Colville Brothers 
 & Perry. Mr. Perry remained interested in the concern until December, 1902, 
 when, at the unanimous request of the directors of the Galesburg Printing & Pub- 
 lishing Company, publishers of the Republican-Register, he became business 
 manager of their corporation. He also purchased some stock and has since oc- 
 cupied that position. Mr. Perry's prominence in the community has largely been 
 due to his connections with newspaper work. In molding public opinion the 
 power of the newspaper cannot be estimated, but at all events its influence is 
 greater than that of any other single agency. The rule is that good papers are 
 found in good towns ; inferior journals in towns of stunted growth and uncertain 
 future, it being not so much a matter of size as the excellence and adaptability 
 to the needs of its locality. These conditions given, in an appreciative and pro- 
 gressive community, the size of the paper will take care of itself in a way mutually 
 satisfactory to publishers and patrons. Galesburg is one of the most progressive 
 and active cities of Illinois and the press which records the items of its advance- 
 ment is always a leader in the work of progress and improvement. As one of its 
 foremost newspaper men Galesburg finds in Mr. Perry a man worthy of occupying 
 this influential position. 
 
 In Chicago, on the nth of September, 1895, Mr. Perry was married to Miss 
 Marie Louise Gregg, a daughter of Raymond and Mary Elizabeth (Mason) 
 Gregg. Her grandparents were Aaron Phillip and Annis (Ward) Mason, of God- 
 frey, Illinois. Mrs. Perry was educated at Monticello Seminary, from which she 
 graduated as a member of the class of 1891. To their union one son, George 
 Mason, was born, his birth occurring June 30, 1898. In politics Mr. Perry gives 
 his support to the republican party. He is a member of the Galesburg Club, 
 Soangetaha Club of Galesburg, the Press Qub of Chicago, the Knights of Pyth- 
 ias, the Young Men's Christian Association and the Central Congregational 
 church. . -..''-. ^- ;: I-"-' .;; :.''-....r'-,". ;:-;-':;: ' ' .-'.-..'."'-';. ;.:;.-;^-'v- 
 
 ; JAMES WILLOUGHBY JONES. ::C; 4)''r 
 
 James Willoughby Jones, who is engaged in farming and stock-raising in 
 Lynn township, was born October 27, 1867, in the old log house upon the family 
 homestead, his parents being Walter N. and Addie E. (James) Jones. The father 
 was born in Wayne county, Ohio, and came with his wife and two children to 
 Illinois, locating in Galva and there engaging in the restaurant business. A fire, 
 however, destroyed his establishment and he removed to a farm in Lynn town- 
 ship. He lived on this property until he retired fourteen years ago and again 
 made Galva his home, later removing to St. Joseph, Missouri. Here he died on 
 September 9, 1908, in his sixty-fifth year, while his wife, who is surviving him, is 
 now seventy years old. There were seven children in the family of Walter N. 
 Jones, beside our subject three sons and three daughters, namely : Ed 
 way, who is deceased ; Charley, of Galva, Illinois ; George W. and William, 
 of St. Joseph, Missouri ; and Lottie Jones Mason and Tensie Jones Mason, also 
 of St. Joseph, Missouri. , ........ ....... ^ 
 
1066 , . HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY 
 
 ,.. J. W. Jones spent his early life attending the common schools and later re- 
 ceived tuition in the old schoolhouse in the winter, apd devoted his summers to 
 farm work. After his marriage he removed to his present farm, which he pur- 
 chased at that time and where he has since been engaged in general farming and 
 stock-raising. But he has not confined his attention wholly to agricultural pur- 
 suits. Business ability and progressiveness have led him into mercantile pur- 
 suits and he has become a stockholder in the Galva elevator of the Farmers 
 Grange Company and he is also a stockholder in the La Fayette Fair Association 
 and in the Farmers Bank of Galva. ^ . -V ' 
 
 On February ii, 1896, Mr. Jones was married to Miss Susie Mabel Shreck. 
 who was born February i, 1874, and who is a daughter of Jesse and Mary (Fick- 
 ling) Shreck. The father was an agriculturist of Henry county until his recent 
 retirement and the mother's death occurred January 19, 1911. Mrs. Jones at- 
 tended the Geneseo schools, after which she taught school until her marriage. 
 Jesse Shreck was born November 9, 1840, in Vinton county, Ohio, where he farmed 
 until he came to Illinois at the age of fourteen years with his parents, Paul and 
 Bethema (Moss) Shreck, and located in Henry county, where they again took 
 up agricultural pursuits. Mrs. Mary (Fickling) Shreck was born on the 28th of 
 November, 1850, in Peoria county, and was a daughter of Jacob and Susan 
 (Draper) Fickling. Mr. Fickling's birth occurred on the 6th of February, 1812, 
 and he died at the age of ninety years, while Mrs. Fickling was born near Cin- 
 cinnati on the i8th of December, 1824, her death occurring on the I9th of January, 
 1906. Of the ten children born to Mr. and Mrs. Jesse Shreck four are living, of 
 whom Mrs. Jones is the eldest, the others being: Clara Gertrude, who was born in 
 1875 and is the wife of Arthur Baltimore, an agriculturist of La Fayette, by 
 whom she has two children ; Frank Jesse, who is married to Jennie Sellon, by 
 whom he has three children; and Harry, who was born January 27, 1891, and is 
 residing at home. To Mr. and Mrs. J. W. Jones were born three children: Harry, 
 on May 3, 1897 ; and Arthur and Hazel, both of whom died in infancy. 
 
 In politics Mr. Jones gives his support to the republican party and he has 
 been a member of the school board for the past seven years. Both he and his 
 wife are members of the Methodist church of Galva. Lynn township owes much 
 of its development and of its progressive business spirit to the activities of 
 Mr. Jones. 
 
 ^ :;; ;:; MARTIN THISTED. /^ / r' V 
 
 ' .,* *.- '.^ ',-. : '. - ' ' * " ''. '-..' - 
 
 Among the many thrifty sons of Denmark who have been factors in the agri- 
 cultural development of Knox county, must be numbered Martin Thisted, of. 
 Chestnut township. He was born in Jerslev, on the 2Oth of May, 1854, and is a 
 son of Geert Sorenson and Inga Christina (Peterdater) Thisted. The parents 
 who were farming people spent their entire lives in Denmark. Unto them were 
 bom six children, as follows: Soren Peter, who is living in Denmark; Martin, 
 our subject; Anna T., the wife of Jasper Jones, of Orange township; Martina 
 and Caroline, both of whom are living in Denmark ; and one, who died in infancy. 
 
 Reared in the land of his birth, Martin Thisted attended the common schools 
 
MARTIN THISTED 
 
1066 HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY 
 
 J. W. Jones spent his early life attending the common schools and later re- 
 ceived tuition in the old schoolhouse in the winter, and devoted his summers to 
 farm work. After his marriage he removed to his present farm, which he pur- 
 chased at that time and where he has since been engaged in general farming and 
 stock-raising. Ikit he has not confined his attention wholly to agricultural pur- 
 suits. ] business ability and jirogressiveness have led him into mercantile pur- 
 suits and he has become a stockholder in the Galva elevator of the Farmers 
 Grange Com])any and he is also a stockholder in the La Fayette Fair Association 
 and in the Farmers Hank of Galva. '. . I 
 
 On I''el)ruary ii, i8<X. ^Ir. Jones was married to Miss Susie Mabel Shreck. 
 who was born I-'ebruary i, 1874. and who is a daughter of Jesse and Mary (Fick- 
 ling) Shreck. The father was an agriculturist of Henry county until his recent 
 retirement and the mother's death occurred January 19, 1911. Mrs. Jones at- 
 tended the Geneseo schools, after which she taught school until her marriage. 
 Jesse Shreck was born Xovember 9, 1840. in X'inton county, Ohio, where he farmed 
 until he came to Illinois at the age of fourteen years with his parents, Paul and 
 Bethema ( Moss ) Shreck, and located in Henry county, where they again took 
 up agricultural pursuits. Mrs. Mary (I-'ickling) Shreck was born on the 28th of 
 Xovember, 1850, in Peoria county, and was a daughter of Jacob and Susan 
 (Draper) Fickling. Mr. Fickling's birth occurred on the 6th of February, 1812, 
 and he died at the age of ninety years, while Mrs. Fickling was born near Cin- 
 cinnati on the i8th of December, 1824, her death occurring on the I9th of January, 
 1906. Of the ten children born to Mr. and Mrs. Jesse Shreck four are living, of 
 whom Mrs. Jones is the eldest, the others being: Clara Gertrude, who was born in 
 1875 and is the wife of Arthur P.altimore, an agriculturist of La Fayette, by 
 whom she has two children ; Frank Jesse, who is married to Jennie Sellon, by 
 whom he has three children; and Harry, who was born January 27, 1891, and is 
 residing at home. To Mr. and Mrs. J. W. Jones were born three children: Harry, 
 on May j^, 1897: and Arthur and Hazel, both of whom died in infancy. 
 
 In politics Mr. Jones gives his support to the republican party and he has 
 been a meml)er of the school board for the past seven years. Both he and his 
 wife are members of the Methodist church of Galva. Lynn township owes much 
 of its development and of its progressive business spirit to the activities of 
 Mr. Jones. 
 
 MARTIN THISTED. 
 
 Among the many thrifty sons of Denmark who have been factors in the agri- 
 cultural development of Knox county, must be numbered Martin Thisted, of. 
 Chestnut township. Me was l)orn in Jerslev, on the 2Oth of May. 1854, and is a 
 son of Cieert Sorenson and Inga Christina ( Peterdater ) Thisted. The parents 
 nho were farming jjeople spent their entire lives in Denmark. Unto them were 
 born six children, as follows : Soren Peter, who is living in Denmark ; Martin, 
 our subject: Anna T., the wife of Jasper Jones, of Orange township: Martina 
 and Caroline, both of whom are living in Denmark : and one, who died in infancy. 
 
 Reared in the land of his birth, Martin Thi.sted attended the common schools 
 
.MAUTIN TIIISTKI) 
 
HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY 
 
 1069 
 
 in the acquirement of his education, at the same time assisting his father in the . ; 
 work of their little farm. By the time he had attained the age of twenty-seven : ^ 
 he realized that if he were ever to attain the position to which he aspired, it v .; - 
 would be necessary for him to go to a new land of greater opportunities, and he 
 took passage for the United States. He landed at Castle Garden, May 20, i88i, ?': 
 
 after being one month en route, having spent a week in England. Upon his ar- . ',,: 
 rival thirteen dollars constituted all his resources and he immediately made his C. ; 
 way inland, in order to find employment in agricultural lines. He located in 
 Benton county, Indiana, where he resided for ten years, subsequently coming to 
 Knox county, where he invested his capital in a farm on sections 8 and 9, Chest- .; 
 nut township. This has ever since been his home and he has extended his hold- > 
 ings and now owns two hundred and six acres in this place. Energetic and ' 
 capable, Mr. Thisted has so intelligently directed his efforts that he has met with v 
 
 a most gratifying degree of success. His homestead is well cultivated and here 
 in connection with his agricultural pursuits he engages in breeding and raising ;-.' 
 Polled Angus cattle, and he also buys and sells horses, making his shipments to the . - . 
 St. Louis market. Regarding real estate as the most desirable safe and conserva- 
 tive investment, Mr. Thisted has acquired property as his means permitted and in ; : 
 addition to his fine homestead now owns seven acres of land adjoining Galesburg, ; :, 
 
 and a fine residence and property on the comer of Berrien and Day streets, \'^ . 
 Galesburg. He also has a store building and a house and three lots in East Gales- 
 burg, the rentals from this property affording him a very good monthly dividend. /. 
 
 In 1878, while still a resident of his native land, Mr. Thisted was united in ; ' 
 marriage to Miss Johanna Mary Peterdater, and unto them have been born five - . 
 children, as follows : Caroline, the wife of Oscar Freeze, of Rock Island, Illinois ; 
 Anna, who married Fred Sharp, also of Rock Island ; Maria, who is unmarried, 
 a resident of Galesburg; Rena, who married Roy Grabell, of Maquon; and Ida, 
 the wife of James Stout, of Hermon. 
 
 Mr. and Mrs. Thisted are faithful church attendants. Politically he is a 
 republican and meets the requirements of good citizenship. Success has attended 
 his efforts as the result of unremitting energy, business sagacity and thrift. ; . 
 
 -' : -'',' : ^ ' -^:'.;--.:/'V .^; PETER F. LAWSON. '": '" ' . . ''' ^^'.-r-:^Jv>. 
 
 Peter F. Lawson, managing editor of the Evening Mail of Galesburg, was born 
 in Bermuda in the British West Indies, September 8, 1875. His father, Thomas 
 Lawson, was a native of Scotland and a son of Thomas Lawson, Sr., who was 
 also born in the land of hills and heather. The latter was a weaver by trade, 
 following that business throughout his entire life. Both he and his wife lived 
 to old age and reared a large family including Thomas Lawson, Jr., who spent 
 his youth in his native land but when a young man crossed the Atlantic to the 
 new world. He followed general merchandising in Grafton, Nova Scotia, after- 
 ward residing for a time in Philadelphia and in Baltimore. He still makes his 
 home in Nova Scotia and he and his wif^ are faithful members of the Re- 
 formed Presbyterian church there. He wedded Agnes Fearn who was also bom 
 in Scotland, as were her parents, Alexander and Mary (Urquhart) Fearn. Her 
 
1070 HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY '-' ' ' ' .' ^ ' ' - 
 
 father was a ship builder on the Clyde river and both he and his wife had long 
 traveled life's journey when they were called to their final rest. They were par- 
 ents of four children, Alexander, John, Christina and Agnes. Unto Mr. and 
 Mrs. Thomas Lawson there were also born four children, as follows : Thomas, of 
 Ottawa, Canada; Peter F.. of Galesburg; David A., a resident of Chicago; ana 
 Christina, living in Grafton, Nova Scotia. 
 
 Peter F. Lawson spent his youthful days at his father's home in Canada until 
 he reached the age of sixteen years, and acquired his education in the common 
 schools of Nova Scotia. He then went to sea, following the life of a sailor for 
 a year or more, but realizing the further need and value of education he resumed 
 his studies as a student in Dalhousie University at Halifax. Later he again went 
 to sea and acted as correspondent for a number of Canada papers and periodicals. 
 At length he crossed the border into the United States, establishing his home in 
 Chicago in 1905. For over two years he was associated with the R. R. Donnelley 
 & Sons Company and on the 1st of June, 1909, came to Galesburg, accepting the 
 position of managing editor of the Evening Mail. In the meantime his literary 
 ability had been developed in his business connections as well as the executive 
 force necessary in his present position. During the two years of his association 
 with the Mail he has labored continuously and effectively toward raising the 
 standard of the paper which is today one of the popular journals published in 
 central Illinois, having a wide circulation and therefore becoming an excellent 
 advertising medium. 
 
 On the 4th of September, 1908, Mr. Lawson was married to Mrs. Maude 
 Tryon, who was born in Nilwood, Illinois. She was the widow of Frank A. 
 Tryon and a daughter of Dr. H. T. and Etta (-Metcalf ) Jones, who were likewise 
 natives of this state. Her parents are now living in Alton, Illinois, and their 
 family numbers two children, the elder being a son, Fred W. Jones. Mr. and Mrs. 
 Lawson have become the parents of a daughter, Agnes. During the period of 
 their residence in Galesburg they have won many warm friends and their home is 
 attractive by reason of its cordial hospitality. Mr. Lawson belongs to Glace Bay 
 Lodge, at Cape Breton, Nova Scotia, and in politics is a republican whose inter- 
 esting discussions of the questions and issues of the day through the columns 
 of the Mail show his thorough understanding of the topics that are now engaging 
 public attention. . ; /-^r . V "- v v' 
 
 . ' Vo.'- FRANK OSCAR GUSTAFSON. . .; ' 
 
 Frank Oscar Gustafson is living retired in Altona. His birth occurred on the 
 6th of January, 1855, in Sandstad, Ydre Harrar, Linkoping Lan, Ostergotland, 
 Sweden, his parents being Gustav and Maria (Israelson) Johnson. The father's 
 birth occurred in 1812 in Sweden and throughout his life he engaged in farming 
 Mrs. Johnson was a daughter of Ian and Eva Israelson and was born in 1822. 
 They both passed away in 1877, Mrs. Johnson having died very suddenly on 
 Sunday while going home from church on account of a violent seizure. Mr. John- 
 son's death occurred a few weeks later and both were laid to rest in the same 
 cemetery. They were the parents of a large family, three of whom survive : Gus- 
 
\ . . s ; HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY i; 
 
 ,-\ 
 
 tav Adolph, who is a carpenter of Hunter, Oklahoma; Anton L., of Holdredge, ;/ 
 Nebraska; and Frank Oscar the subject of this review. 
 
 After attending the common schools in his native land, Frank Oscar Gustaf son ; 
 began at the age of fifteen years to work on his father's farm and until his em- . 
 igration on the 2ist of April, 1875, was engaged in farming and railroading. He : 
 made the trip to America in company with his sister, who later died in Monroe, 
 Nebraska, coming directly to Altona, where he arrived on the i ith of May. On 
 the same day he hired out to Andrew Main and the next year was in the employ 
 of William Main for one season. Upon his arrival in America he had almost no ^ 
 financial resources and because of his inadequate knowledge of the language and 
 of the customs of the country, was forced to accept any work that offered. In ^ 
 the fall he engaged in husking corn and cutting broom corn and for fourteen 
 summers was engaged in tiling. During the intervening winters he worked in the .- 
 Clifford coal mine, in Walnut Grove township, and for five years was employed 
 in Culbertson's meat market and for an equal length of time was employed by ; 
 S. M. Whiting. ; 
 
 On the 1 7th of March, 1902, he left Illinois and removed to Clark county, .. 
 South Dakota, where he took up farming on his own account. Having always , 
 saved his money carefully he was now able to purchase one hundred and sixty . 
 acres of land and subsequently acquired an additional quarter section, and had ; 
 five hundred acres in crops under cultivation, all of which gave good yields. ; 
 While there Mr. Gustafson served as juror in the United States court of the - 
 Black hill division. He was elected to the school board and served as chairman ^ . 
 until 1910. In 1906 he was a central committee man from his division and also 
 was appointed judge of election of his district in that year; in 1908 he received 
 the appointment of superintendent of election for his precinct. In that year he /- 
 sold one of his farms dividing the proceeds between his sons, and returned to , ' 
 Altona, where he now lives retired. Prior to his departure for the west he was : 
 elected repeatedly constable of Walnut township and served as such for eight ; 
 years, or until 1889. .^ 
 
 Mr. Gustafson has been twice married, his first union occurring on the 4th ;. 
 of August, 1884, to Miss Emma Carolina Nelson. She was a daughter of Swan 
 and Bangda Nelson, and was born January 3, 1858, in Galesburg, Illinois. Her 
 parents were among the pioneers of Knox county and she was one of ten chil- - 
 dren. Her death occurred September 15, 1892, in Altona. To Mr. and Mrs. . 
 Gustafson three children were born: Anthony Leonard, who is a teacher in ': 
 Brown's Business College of Peoria; Arthur Paul, who is residing in Clark -.- 
 county. South Dakota, where he is engaged in farming ; and Edward Cline, who 
 is married and is engaged in cultivating his father's farm in Clark county. South v 
 Dakota. Mr. Gustafson's second union was to Miss Sigrid Swanson, whose birth 
 occurred October 8, 1854, in Christianstad, Sweden and who is a daughter of . 
 Swan and Eva (Anderson) Olson. Her mother died when she was but three ,. 
 years of age and she was reared by her father and his parents. In 1882 she V 
 left her native land for America and settled first in Geneseo, Illinois, but later . 
 came to Altona. Mr. Gustafson is a member of the Swedish Lutheran church ;. 
 and also of the Modern Woodmen of America of Altona. In America Mr. Gus- '. 
 tafson found the opportunity he sought in the freedom and appreciation of the 
 growing country. Born in a foreign land and proud of his native land and sturdy - 
 
1072 ;; HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY %> J ; i-; - 
 
 ancestry, he is patriotic and sincere in his devotion to the land of his adoption. 
 His career is actively identified with the history of the development of the middle 
 and far west, and as a result of incessant labor and application he now lives in 
 retirement at Altona in most comfortable circumstances. He arrived there years 
 ago practically penniless but is now numbered as one of the honored and re- 
 spected citizens. 
 
 CHAUNCEY S. COLTON. 
 
 Chauncey Sill Colton, a son of Justin and Abigail Colton, was bom on the 
 2ist of September, 1800, in Springfield, Pennsylvania. He was the first mer- 
 chant of Galesburg and erected a store on land which is now the northwest 
 corner of the public square. From 1836 until his death in 1885, he was a con- 
 spicuous figure in the public life of Galesburg, where he was well and favorably 
 known. He was interested in all of the institutions which were established to 
 promote the public welfare and he was regarded as one of the best friends of 
 Knox College. At the time of his death Newton Bateman, then president of 
 Knox College, wrote the following letter to his family: 
 
 , ,. .;,. -..;- %;; v.v': ;;.. .;'-'- >^'i- .:-:-'; .V : ;i.-.- '--- 
 V "Sea Cottage, York, Maine, July 30, 1885. 
 
 "The sad news of the death of Mr. Colton pains me deeply. Knox College 
 had no truer friend. He was an honest, upright, just and good man. He was 
 my personal friend. He gave me a kind welcome when I first came to Gales- 
 burg and was my friend, ever generous and true, from that day till he died. 
 My respect for him and confidence in his unswerving integrity increased with 
 every year of my acquaintance with him. I honored and loved him in his 
 life and I mourn for him now that he is gone. I shall never see my venerable 
 friend again in this world. God's, will be done. The college he loved so long 
 and well will now be dearer to me than ever, if possible, and my life shall be 
 consecrated anew to its interests while I have strength to think and plan and 
 work for its prosperity. 
 
 ; '^^-' . "Yours in sorrow, 
 
 . '^^w; ^- . : "NEWTON BATEMAN." '- ; 
 
 For nearly a score of years C. S. Colton developed his business, constantly 
 enlarging its scope, until it assumed large proportions. He built and operated 
 a large packing establishment the first one in that large section of Illinois. 
 He packed and shipped the first pork, beef, corn and wheat from that part of 
 the country. Hundreds of farmers' wagons annually hauled this freight to the 
 Illinois and Mississippi rivers, down which he shipped it to New Orleans, and 
 thence to New York and Liverpool for sale. Mr. Colton annually bought large 
 quantities of sugar, molasses and other heavy goods cheaply, of first hands, in 
 New Orleans, and shipped it at "high water" to Oquavvka, to be hauled to 
 Galesburg, enabling him to sell these products cheaper than his competitors in 
 other towns, and thereby increased his trade and built up Galesburg as a trad- 
 ing center. ..... 
 
:::;:-; -V HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY /'>;: 1075 
 
 Finally, Mr. Colton appreciated that the mode of transportation to water, 
 by "horse power," was too slow and cumbersome. He therefore decided that 
 a railroad was needed so he went to the legislature and secured a charter for the 
 Central Military Tract Railroad, to run from Galesburg to Chicago. 
 
 At this time Mr. Colton fortunately made the acquaintance of James F. ', 
 Joy, the leading spirit of the Michigan Central Railway, then just completed 
 to Chicago. Mr. Joy contracted with Mr. Colton to secure the cooperation of 
 his company in the building of this first branch road from Chicago to the in- 
 terior of Illinois. The Boston directors demanded a considerable local sub- 
 scription to the stock. The time limit was expiring, when, at James F. Joy's 
 urgent appeal, Mr. Colton and another gentleman subscribed for the balance 
 of the stock, which they carried five years without any dividends. Then the 
 Boston people had to carry out their contract. The railroad was completed to 
 Galesburg in 1854. About this time a road was built from Peoria to Oquawka. : 
 The company got into financial troubles. General A. C. Harding, of Mon- 
 mouth, the leading spirit in this road, proposed to his friend, C. S. Colton, to 
 get his company to take over the P. & O. Railroad. Mr. Colton went to Boston 
 and got his directors together and laid the offer before them, and finally in- 
 duced them to buy this cross-country railroad. Later on, the Quincy people 
 undertook to build the Northern Cross Railroad, and had about fifty miles 
 built when their money gave out. Mr. Colton was an intimate friend of the 
 president of the Northern Cross Company. The two men had an interview, 
 and finally Mr. Colton proposed that if the Northern Cross people would build 
 to Galesburg, he would try to induce his Boston directors to back them with 
 the money. Mr. Colton's arguments again prevailed with his directorate. The 
 result of these three enterprises was a completed line connecting Chicago, Bur- 
 lington and Quincy. Then the joint owners dropped their original titles and 
 named their system the Chicago, Burlington & Quincy Railway. 
 
 The village of Galesburg became the local center of this railway system, and 
 later on was developed by this railway into the important city it is today. 
 
 In 1868 the Mississippi was bridged, both at Burlington and Quincy. Over 
 these bridges the Chicago, Burlington & Quincy spread eventually to the Mis- 
 souri river, and later on to the mountains beyond. It was at the suggestion . 
 of Mr. Colton that his company purchased the Rockford, Rock Island and St. 
 Louis Railway, and also the skeleton of the Burlington and Missouri River 
 Railroad, which was completed and extended indefinitely. 
 
 Chauncey S. Colton, by his constant study and work in the interests of 
 these great railroad enterprises, lived to see less than a hundred miles of rail- 
 way develop and extend four thousand miles in a quarter of a century, while he 
 was the only western director in the company. He had initiated every extension 
 of the system from its incipiency. Today, the Chicago, Burlington & Quincy 
 Railway has ten thousand miles of track spanning a dozen states. 
 
 :;;.': ^-.-.^ ;. :' . ;; -/:'."';\.: TRIBUTE OF RESPECT, r"' ';'.-;: ' ,'..".'.- ;';;.'; i;'^;" .'.v -J 
 
 The directors of the Chicago, Burlington & Quincy Railroad Company, at 
 their August meeting in Boston, added their tribute to the memory of the late 
 
 Hon. Chauncey S. Colton: ' ;' V^ ' 'ji^' 'T'' ,;^-^ ' ' \ >'.-' ^' 
 
 voi.n 49 ., . ...''-.:. .''-' '''''/.'.;:'-:-.'". . ' 'v-/. ;:'' ^ ;' 
 
1076 HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY ' 
 
 "Chicago, Burlington & Quincy Railroad. 
 
 "At a meeting of the board of directors of this company, held August 12, 
 1885, it was voted to adopt the following resolution : 
 
 "The board of directors of the Chicago, Burlington & Quincy Railroad Com- 
 pany has learned with sincere regret of the death of Mr. Chauncey S. Colton, 
 who took a prominent part in the organization of the company, and served as a 
 director from that time until 1876. To the earnest efforts of Mr. Colton in 
 the early days of the company is largely due the successful inauguration of the 
 enterprise, and this board desires to place on record the fact of its appreciation 
 of Mr. Colton and his valuable services to the company. 
 
 "T. S. ROWLAND, clerk pro tern." 
 
 - . FRANCIS COLTON. :; 'V'- r i''-- 
 
 To place a specific value upon the labors of the Hon. Francis Colton is im- 
 possible and yet there is no individual that has not been at least indirectly bene- 
 fited by his life work. Moreover, in the consular service of the nation his 
 course reflected credit and honor upon the country he represented. Capable of 
 solving important and intricate problems, he at all times has been actuated by 
 a patriotic devotion to his native land and his work in behalf thereof has ever 
 been of a practical and resultant character that furthered American interests 
 and promoted the high standing of this country among Europeans. 
 
 While Mr. Colton made Galesburg his home during the greater part of the 
 time spent in this country he was born in Monson, Maine, May 22, 1834, his 
 parents being Chauncey Sill and Emily (Hamilton) Colton, who removed with 
 their family from New England to Galesburg in 1836. The progenitor of the 
 Colton family in the new world was Quartermaster George Colton, an officer of 
 the English army and descended from an old family of England. "Quarter- 
 master George," as he was known during his life and since, was the first set- 
 tler of Long Meadow, now a suburb of Springfield, Massachusetts, where he 
 took up his abode in 1640, since which time the family has regarded that place 
 as the ancestral home. Its cemetery is filled with monuments to different mem- 
 bers and collateral descendants of the Colton family. Almost without excep- 
 tion the members of the family have held to the faith of the Congregational 
 church. 
 
 When Chauncey S. Colton brought his family to Galesburg in 1836, Francis 
 Colton, the youngest child, was only two years of age. The journey from New 
 England to Illinois was an arduous undertaking with four small children and 
 a mother who was in delicate health. It required six weeks to travel by water 
 and stage. The only railroad in the United States at that time was a short line 
 extending from Boston half way to New York, over which they traveled. 
 
 Francis Colton was educated in the Galesburg schools, in Knox Academy 
 and Knox College. He was graduated from the college in 1855 when twenty- 
 one years of age. In June, three days after his graduation, he entered busi- 
 ness life in connection with his father and brother John, under the firm name 
 of C. S. Colton & Sons. On the nth of May, 1864, Mr. Colton became director 
 
: v" HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY M'^ 
 
 and vice president of the First National Bank and later was appointed United 
 States collector of internal revenue. From each experience and activity of life 
 he learned the lesson therein contained and stored up his knowledge for future 
 use. He has never faltered in the accomplishment of any purpose or task to 
 which he seriously set himself and his entire career has therefore been charac- 
 terized by progress and by successful achievement. 
 
 On the 26th of June, 1857, occurred the marriage of Francis Colton and 
 Miss Frances A. Garey, who died March 21, 1869, in Paris, France. There 
 were two sons of that marriage but the elder, Albion Garey, who was born Feb- 
 ruay 15, 1859, died August lO, 1860. The younger son, George Radcliffe, bom 
 April lo, 1865, is now governor of Porto Rico. It was in 1875 that Francis Col- 
 ton was again married, his second union being with Annie C. Snively, of New 
 York. Their children were: Emily Marian, the wife of Captain Davis of the 
 navy; Julia Carina, deceased; and Annie Marguerite. 'V . vvv 
 
 During the Civil war Francis Colton spent two years in settling up the widely 
 scattered business affairs of his firm and was then called to public service, being 
 in June, 1866, appointed as United States consul to Venice, Italy, to succeed 
 William Dean Howells, the well known author, who returned to America to 
 assume the editorship of the Atlantic Monthly Magazine. On the 24th of Au- 
 gust, 1866, Mr. Colton's resignation as director of the First National Bank of 
 Galesburg was received and accepted and his father, C. S. Colton, was at once 
 elected to fill the vacancy both as director and vice president of the bank. This 
 change was rendered necessary because of the absence of Francis Colton occa- 
 sioned by his consular service in Venice. While in that city on the Adriatic he 
 v/as the correspondent of the New York Tribune, writing concerning the "Uni- 
 fication of Italy." This was an important historic period for in the first year 
 of his residence in Venice came the "Battle Summer" ^the great conflict between 
 Germany and Austria which, together with other great transformations in Furo- 
 pean history, also resulted in the freedom of Venice from Austrian domination 
 and the uniting of it to Italy. During Mr. Colton's residence abroad he opened 
 a chapel at his consulate for American and Fnglish travelers, presided over by. 
 a Scotch Presbyterian preacher. It became the nucleus for a Protestant mis- '..'.: 
 sion among the Venetians. Finally they purchased a Venetian palace through -/ 
 the liberal subscriptions of chapel attendants and other generous people in Eng- 
 land and the United States. This palace was used for church and school pur- 
 poses under the charge of the old Waldensian Protestant church of Savoy. 
 King Victor Emmanuel issued a royal decree putting this palace property in the 
 legal possession of the Waldensian church which is the oldest church in Europe. 
 This royal decree is considered to have been the entering wedge which resulted 
 in a statute allowing all Protestant churches to own property in Itah '. 
 
 In 1869 Francis Colton returned to America just as the first Pacific railroad 
 was completed, spanning the continent. He was appointed general passenger 
 agent with headquarters in Omaha. The first year in office Mr. Colton attended 
 a railway convention in Chicago in which all of the railroads of the country 
 were represented. He introduced a measure for through tickets and reduced 
 rates. The railroad people at first were strongly opposed to the scheme but Mr. 
 Colton carried his motion on the last day of the session, after a week's contest. 
 
1080 HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY " ;V 
 
 This was the beginning of reduced through passenger tickets, a system which has 
 grown and expanded continuously since. As a result the passenger traffic of the 
 Pacific roads was doubled and the earnings of the other lines were largely in- 
 creased. In 1871 Mr. Colton was appointed general foreign agent of the Union 
 and Central Pacific Railways and was sent to Japan and China to turn the tea 
 trade to San Francisco, the result of which was a greatly increased freight busi- 
 ness for both roads and connecting lines. Fast tea trains from San Francisco 
 to Chicago and New York could successfully compete with the all-water lines 
 by way of the Suez canal to London and New York. Mr. Colton traveled 
 through India and finally completed the circuit of the globe. He arranged with 
 all the steamer and railway lines for a "round-the-world" ticket. This was the 
 first of the long distance passenger tickets ever put on sale which led in time 
 to the present extensive sale of tourist tickets to every part of the globe. When 
 in this country or abroad he was constantly studying situations, figuring out 
 possibilities and making preparations to meet any emergency or condition that 
 might arise. He reasoned out logically from cause to effect and his solution of 
 intricate and involved problems was a most accurate one. While still working 
 in the interests of the railway companies he established a general agency in Lon- 
 don for booking passengers to China, Australia and India by way of America, 
 which largely increased the business of the Pacific railways and all connecting 
 lines. During the stay in London he negotiated with all of the Atlantic steamer 
 lines to unite with American railways in diverting the regular passenger traffic 
 by way of the Suez canal to our new route to the Orient by way of New York 
 and San Francisco. Each steamer company joined in instructions to their hun- 
 dreds of agents all over Europe to advertise this new route by way of America, 
 which furnished travelers with a temperate line of travel, thus avoiding the old 
 hot route by way of the Red sea. To further emphasize this new departure in 
 Oriental traffic Mr. Colton wrote and published a book, illustrated with pictures 
 of American sleeping and dining cars and other attractive features of "Our 
 New Way Around the World." This was circulated from the London office of 
 the Pacific railways and the new venture proved a success. 
 
 Mr. Colton purchased many thousands of acres of railway lands in Ne- 
 braska during this period and the investment proved a profitable one. Today 
 these same lands in their present owners' hands are worth millions, which shows 
 what the railway systems have done for the development and growth of the 
 far west. In 1872 he became president of the Farmers & Mechanics Bank of 
 Galesburg and the first year in which he had executive control and administra- 
 tive direction he doubled the capital and the deposits of the bank. Its business 
 steadily grew during the twelve years of his management and made him a prom- 
 inent factor in the financial circles of his home city, second only to the promi- 
 nence and importance of his labors in public connections. Mr. Colton was again 
 called to public office when in 1876 he was appointed by the governor of Illinois 
 as a commissioner to the Centennial Exhibition at Philadelphia. At the opening 
 of the fair, he stood with the other commissioners by the side of Dom Pedro, 
 empergr of Brazil, and General Ulysses S. Grant, president of the United 
 States, when the latter touched the button in the presence of tens of thousands 
 of enthusiastic people and set in motion all of the machinery of that remarkable 
 
: : / -\ ^^^; HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY : ' : 1081 
 
 exposition, celebrating the one hundredth birthday of the American Republic. 
 In 1884 Mr. Colton retired from active business and removed to Washington, 
 D, C., where he now resides at 1635 Connecticut avenue. For a quarter of a 
 century he has been a member of the Metropolitan Club, whose membership in- 
 cludes the president and his cabinet, all of the foreign legations and the princi- 
 pal army and navy officers. Mr. Colton was fifty years of age at the time of his 
 retirement and almost thirty years of leisure in which to enjoy those activities 
 and interests which are most pleasurable to him have been accorded him. His 
 life has indeed been a serviceable one to the world's work, his labors being of 
 far-reaching value and of both national and international importance. 
 
 ^; '':.;:-;..-'.'';"'>''-?:;:'' GEORGE w. JONES. ;-.; '"';;:;.' :''.1>:;':::-- -:;',: 
 
 George W. Jones, the well known auctioneer, who owns and opyerates a farm 
 in Lynn township and is one of the heaviest stock-raisers and shippers in the 
 northern part of the county, was born on the I7th of Aug^jst, 1872, on the old 
 home farm called the Lynnwood stock farm, upon which the old log house stands 
 which was built by J. Heiter, the pioneer. George W. Jones is a son of Walter N, 
 and Addie E. (James) Jones. The father was born in Wayne county, Ohio, but 
 after his removal to Illinois settled permanently with his wife and two children 
 at Galva. As a boy he learned and followed the art of photography, but here he 
 engaged in the restaurant business. Soon, however, after starting this establish- 
 ment it was destroyed by fire and he removed with his family to Lynn township 
 on to his farm, but the last few years of his life were spent in Galva and in St. 
 Joseph, Missouri, where he died on the 9th of September, 1908, at the age of 
 sixty-four years. Mrs. Jones is still living and is seventy years of age. Mr. 
 Jones was one of the most prominent farmers in the northern part of Knox 
 county. 
 
 After finishing school George W. Jones remained at home and farmed on the 
 home place and on his brother's farm, while his parents were in Galva. After 
 continuing in this occupation for eleven years he was married and moved to Galva, 
 but still retained the ownership of his farm. He attended the Trenton (Mo.) 
 Auctioneering School and received the training which has helped to make him one 
 of the most successful auctioneers in these parts. In addition to this Mr. Jones is 
 also extensively engaged in feeding and shipping cattle and hogs, and is one of the 
 largest taxpayers in the northern part of the county. -During the past three years 
 he has sold over ten thousand dollars worth of hogs besides grain and other farm 
 products. By careful management and unabating energy he has built up a large 
 stock-raising and shipping business and has become one of the best known stock- 
 men in this section. In addition to these various enterprises in Illinois he is also 
 interested in business undertakings in St. Joseph, Missouri. 
 
 Mr. Jones was married to Miss Lucy M. Cree, a daughter of Simeon R. and 
 Eva L. Lowe Cree. She was born on the I2th of April, 1873, in Lynn township, 
 and her mother is living in Toulon, Illinois. To Mr. and Mrs. Jones four chil- 
 dren have been born : Walter, who is ten years of age ; Clarence, who is eight ; and 
 Evalyn and Ivan, who are five and three years respectively. 
 
1082 . HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY .V :;'.;--: 
 
 His extensive undertakings have prevented Mr. Jones from any active par- 
 ticipation in political affairs and he has never desired nor sought public office. 
 Yet he finds time to consider it his duty as citizen to carefully weigh the qual- 
 ifications of measures and candidates, and uses his vote and infiuence in behalf 
 of the interest of the commonwealth. He holds membership in the Methodist 
 church of Galva and is also a member of the Woodmen of America. He has 
 shown industry and perseverance and has step by step made his way in the world 
 until he is now numbered among Knox county's substantial and very successful 
 men and one of its most highly valued citizens. 
 
 ' - BENJAMIN FRANKLIN SHADLEY. \. .', ; 
 
 The name of Benjamin Franklin Shadley at once indicates the regard of his 
 ancestors for those men who have been foremost in molding the destiny and 
 shaping the policy of America. He was born in Shelby county, Indiana, June 3, 
 1867, and comes of German lineage, his grandfather, William Shadley, having 
 been a native of Germany and an early settler of Licking county, Ohio. He re- 
 moved westward to Illinois in pioneer times and died in Clark county of milk 
 sickness a disease prevalent in an early day. Both he and his wife were well 
 advanced in years when called to their final rest. They had reared a large fam- 
 ily including Nathaniel Shadley, who was born in Licking county, Ohio, in which 
 state he was partially reared although spending a portion of his youth in In- 
 diana. Having reached man's estate he wedded Emily Fouty, a native of Shelby 
 county, Indiana, and a daughter of William Fouty, who was born in Pennsyl- 
 vania and was of German descent. Mr. Fouty was a farmer and stock-raiser and 
 was thus associated with the business interests of Shelby county where both he 
 and his wife died in old age. They, too, had a large family including Mrs. Emily 
 Shadley, who is still living and now makes her home with her daughter, Nancy, 
 in Fairland, Indiana. Her husband, the father of our subject, passed away in 
 Shelby county at the venerable age of eighty-three years. He had been a worthy 
 and respected citizen there and for many years had capably filled the office of 
 surveyor. His life conformed to the teachings of the Methodist church of which 
 he was long an active member and to which his widow still belongs. They had 
 a family of seven sons and three daughters : Ephraim, of Los Angeles, Cali- . . 
 fornia ; John, a resident of Fairland, Indiana ; Nancy, who married J. W. Faus- 
 ler, also of Fairland ; Isaac, who died at the age of twenty-three years ; Fanny, 
 the wife of A. C. JeflFries, of London, Indiana ; Benjamin F., of this revi'w ; 
 Tilson, of Greenwood, Indiana ; Francis, living in Galesburg ; Charles, of In- 
 dianapolis, Indiana ; and Jennie, who passed away at the age of five years. 
 
 Benjamin Franklin Shadley was reared in the county of his nativity, spend- 
 ing his youthful days on the home farm where he early became familiar with the 
 duties and labors that fall to the lot of the agriculturist. The summer seasons 
 were devoted to the task of tilling the soil and winter months to the acquirement 
 of an education in the district schools. He was twenty-one years of age when he 
 left Indiana for Illinois, becoming a resident of Canton in 1888. There he 
 worked in the plow shops for a year and a half, after which he removed to Gales- . 
 
;; ,'- HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY , ;;;X 1083 ;. 
 
 burg and became a brakeman on the Chicago, Burlington & Quincy Railroad, 
 June 23, 1889. For about twelve years he followed railroading and for five 
 years of that period he was depot master and also ran trains occasionally as a 
 conductor. On the expiration of that period he was appointed chief of police 
 under .Mayor Shumway's first administration and continued in the office for 
 about sixteen months. He was then appointed by Governor Yates on the state 
 board of arbitration, representing organized labor, and was chairman of that 
 board for about seven years. In June, 1911, he received the appointment to his .. 
 present position as parole commissioner for Pontiac, Illinois. ! 
 
 On the 22d of December, 1890, Mr. Shadley was married to Miss Alice 
 Prichard, who was born in Lewiston, Illinois, a daughter of John E. and Laura . : - 
 Murphy Prichard, the former a native of Ohio and the latter of Illinois. Her '- 
 father died in Galesburg, October 24, 1902, at the age of fifty-six years, but her ' ; 
 mother is still living. Mr. Prichard had served as a soldier in the Civil war, do- 
 ing duty with Company G, One Hundred and Third Illinois Volunteer Infantry, : 
 Mrs. Shadley was their only child and by her marriage has become the mother . . 
 of two children, Harold M. and Hazel Marie. ; 
 
 Mr. Shadley is well known in fraternal and club circles. He has attained 
 high rank in Masonry and in the order has a wide acquaintance, belonging to 
 Alpha Lodge, No. 155, A. F. & A. M. ; Galesburg Chapter, R. A. M. ; Galesburg . 
 Council, R. & S. M. ; Galesburg Commandery, No. 8, K. T. ; and Mohammed r. 
 Temple of the Nobles of the Mystic Shrine. His name is likewise found on the - . 
 membership roll of the Odd Fellows, Knights of Pythias and Elks lodges and 
 the Modern Woodmen of America. He belongs also to the Brotherhood of Rail- : 
 road Trainmen, No. 24, the Fraternal Reserve Life Association, of which he is 
 a supreme director, and to the Galesburg Club. His political prominence as a 
 leading member of the republican party and his membership relations with many 
 fraternal and social organizations have made him very widely known and his , v 
 personal characteristics have gained him warm friends wherever he has gone. _ .' 
 
 ;;:,, .'' :;.:/'; . : ;;;- PETER F. BROWN.,: '.'y:: --r^/:. -;: :.;;;r^V^- 
 
 Peter F. Brown has long been a prominent and leading factor in financial 
 circles in Knox county, having for almost a quarter of a century served as presi- 
 dent of the Galesburg National Bank. His birth occurred in Mercer county, Illi- 
 nois, in the year 1851, his parents being Harrison and Martha Brown. They 
 were both natives of Kentucky and came to Illinois in 1834. 
 
 Peter F. Brown supplemented his preliminary education by a course of study 
 in Lombard College of Galesburg. Illinois. He made his initial venture in the 
 business world as a clothing merchant of Galesburg but subsequently became iden- 
 tified with financial interests as the teller and cashier of the Farmers & Mechanics 
 Bank at that place. In 1889 he was chosen president of the Galesburg National 
 Bank and in that important capacity has since guided the interests of the institu- 
 tion in such a manner as to insure its continued growth and success. 
 
 On the 24th of June, 1875, in Galesburg, Mr. Brown was united in marriage to 
 Miss Clara Maud Tenney, a daughter of Hammond Marshall and Lorette (Low- 
 
1034 HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY 
 
 ther) Tenney. They became the parents of three children, as follows : Maurice 
 Tenney, who wedded Mary E. Johnson ; Mildred, who gave her hand in marriage 
 to Edward E. Pearce ; and Curtis Harvey Brown. In politics Mr. Brown is a 
 republican, loyally supporting the men and measures of that party. He is a char- 
 ter member of the Galesburg Club and was three times honored by election to the 
 presidency of that organization. Such in brief is the life history of Peter F. ' 
 Brown, who is known as a dependable man in any relation and in any emergency. 
 His right conception of things and his habitual regard for what is best in the ex- 
 ercise of human activities are notable assets in his career. His frankness and 
 cordiality of address have gained him many friends, while his genuine personal 
 worth has won for him well merited confidence and trust. 
 
 ;.;.;<::,:; :^ . ' ALBERT JAMES PERRY. ';^- ':v';;^-c. 
 
 ' , Albert James Perry was born in Alden, Erie county, New York, December 
 lO, 1841. Since 1889. he has been engaged in business in Galesburg, Illinois, as ': 
 a mortgage broker his efforts, however, extending to various lines of business 
 which have constituted forces in public progress and improvement as well as in 
 individual advancement. 
 
 His father. Colonel James Perry, was born at Brimfield, Massachusetts, .' 
 September 19, 1796. He was the son of Isaac Perry, who enlisted as a soldier in ' 
 the Revolutionary war. After a short time, he was detailed as an army nurse in 
 the city of Boston. After his death, his widow, Mrs. Mary Tiffany Perry, was 
 granted the usual pension. Isaac Perry died in 1843 or 1844 when about eighty- ? 
 six years of age, and his wife passed away in 1857 at the same age. Both are ,' 
 buried at LeRoy, New York. Their son. Colonel James Perry, was well educated : 
 for his time and acted as superintendent of schools. He was also lieutenant col- . 
 onel of the New York militia in Erie county. In the community where he lived, 
 he figured prominently in various connections. He was a pension and bounty land 
 attorney and likewise attended to all kinds of business for his neighbors that re- ; 
 quired a knowledge of legal forms and procedure. His death occurred at Alden, , 
 New York, November 29, 1860. His wife, Mrs. Sophronia Perry, was born in 
 western New York, May 22, 1804, and died October 30, 1880. She was descended ' 
 from the grim old Quaker, Stephen Hopkins. Hopkins was born at Scituate, 
 Rhode Island, in 1707 and died in Providence, Rhode Island, in 1785. He was ' 
 a colonial governor of Rhode Island and one of the signers of the Declaration of f. 
 Independence. His daughter, Lydia Hopkins, the great-grandmother of Mrs. 
 Sophronia Perry, married Colonel Daniel Tillinghast, and the ancestry of the 
 Tillinghast family includes Richard Warren, who came to America in the May- 
 flower. Mrs. Sophronia (Pengra) Perry was a woman of liberal education and , ^ 
 a successful school teacher. In other lines, too, she displayed marked capability, 
 notably in the rearing of her large family of four sons and six daughters, ; 
 namely, M. Antoinette, Edgar H., Mortimer, Mary A., James B., Amanda M., 
 Adaline J., Albert J., Adelia R., and Ellen Louise. Of these, James died in in- 
 fancy and all are now deceased with the exception of Mrs. Antoinette Dodge, . 
 Albert J. Perry and Mrs. Adelia R. Taylor. : . y. .; 
 
ALBERT J. PERRY 
 
1034 HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY 
 
 ther) Tenney. They became the parents of three children, as follows: Maurice 
 Tenney, \vho wedded Mary E. Johnson ; Mildred, who gave her hand in marriage 
 to Edward E. Pcarce ; and Curtis Harvey Brown. In politics Mr. Brown is a 
 republican, loyally sujiporting the men and measures of that party. He is a char- 
 ter member of the Galesburg Club and was three times honored by election to the 
 presidency of that organization. Such in brief is the life history of Peter F. 
 Brown, who is known as a dependable man in any relation and in any emergency. 
 His right conception of things and his habitual regard for what is best in the ex- 
 ercise of human activities are notable assets in his career. His frankness and 
 cordiality of address have gained him many friends, while his genuine i)ersonal 
 worth has won for him well merited confidence and trust. 
 
 ALBERT JAMES PERRY. 
 
 Albert James Perry was born in Alden, Erie county, New York, December 
 lO, 1841. Since 1889. he has been engaged in business in Galesburg, Illinois, as 
 a mortgage broker his efforts, however, extending to various lines of business 
 which nave constituted forces in public progress and improvement as well as in 
 individual advancement. 
 
 His father. Colonel James Perry, was born at Brimfield, Massachusetts, 
 September 19, 1/96. He was the son of Isaac Perry, who enlisted as a soldier in 
 the Revolutionary war. After a short time, he was detailed as an army nurse in 
 the city of Boston. After his death, his widow, Mrs. Mary Tiffany Perry, was 
 granted the usual pension. Isaac Perry died in 1843 or 1844 when about eighty- 
 six years of age, and his wife passed away in 1857 at the same age. Both are 
 buried at LeRoy. Xew York. Their son. Colonel James Perry, was well educated 
 for his time and acted as superintendent of schools. He was also lieutenant col- 
 onel of the Xew York militia in Erie county. In the community where he lived, 
 he figured i)rominently in various connections. He was a pension and bounty land 
 attorney and likewise attended to all kinds of business for his neighbors that re- 
 (|uired a knowledge of legal forms and procedure. His death occurred at Alden, 
 Xew ^'ork, November 29, 1860. His wife. Mrs. Sophronia Perry, was born in 
 western New York, May 22, 1804, and died October 30. 1880. She was descended 
 from the grim old Quaker. Stephen Hopkins. Hojikins was born at Scituate, 
 Rhode Island, in 1707 and died in Providence, Rhode Island, in 1785. He was 
 a colonial governor of Rhode Island and one of the signers of the Declaration of 
 Independence. His daughter, Lydia Hopkins, the great-grandmother of Mrs. 
 Sophronia Perry, married Colonel Daniel Tillinghast, and the ancestry of the 
 Tillinghast family includes Richard Warren, who came to .America in the >Tay- 
 flower. Mrs. Sophronia ( Pengra) Perry was a woman of liberal education and 
 a successful school teacher. In other lines, too, she displayed marked capability, 
 notably in the rearing of her large family of four sons and six daughters, 
 namely, M. Antoinette, Edgar H., Mortimer, Mary A., James B., Amanda M., 
 Adaline J.. Albert J., Adelia R., and Ellen Louise. Of these, James died in in- 
 fancy and all are now deceased with the exception of Mrs. Antoinette Dodge, 
 Albert J. Perry and Mrs. Adelia R. Taylor. 
 
Al.ltKKT .1. I'KKUV 
 
' -: v^. .;; A;> {:' V HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY v: 1087 
 
 After attending the common schools and the Alden (N. Y.) Academy, the 
 subject of this sketch was admitted in 1860 to the sophomore class of the 
 Rochester University at Rochester, New York. He was without financial re- 
 sources, and owing to this and the out-break of the Civil war and the death of 
 his father, he did not find it possible to pursue his university course. Moreover, 
 his mother needed his assistance in the support of herself and her invalid daugh- 
 ter. Mr. Perry entered business life as a telegraph operator and railroad station 
 agent in i86i, remaining in the employ of the New York & Erie Railroad in 
 that capacity until 1865. In the latter year he came to Galesburg as bookkeeper 
 in the building department of the Chicago, Burlington & Quincy Railroad Com- 
 pany, in which position he continued until 1873. He afterward engaged in 
 teaching for two terms, and then entered the office of the clerk of the circuit 
 court and recorder of Knox county in July, 1873, '" ^ .clerical capacity. The fol- 
 lowing year he was appointed deputy, which office he held until December, 1882. 
 In this year he was elected county clerk of Knox county and held the office most 
 acceptably for eight years, making a period of seventeen years in the service of 
 the county. He began reading law while in the circuit clerk's office under the 
 tutorage of Honorable E. P. Williams, and in 1877 was admitted to the bar, but 
 he has never engaged in practice other than to use his knowledge of the law in 
 the conduct of his private business. In 1889 he began conducting a mortgage 
 brokerage business and also acted as administrator and guardian of numerous 
 estates. He has also been treasurer of the Mechanics' Homestead & Loan Asso- 
 ciation and has been connected with banking interests in various capacities. He 
 was president of the Second National Bank of Galesburg from January, 1891, 
 until February 24, 1904. In the latter year he became a director of the First 
 National Bank of Galesburg. Activities of a public nature, relative to educa- 
 tional interests and benevolent projects have divided his time with his business 
 affairs. He has been treasurer of Knox College since 1891 and was at one time 
 president of the board of trustees of the Galesburg Hospital Association. He 
 has also been a director of the public library from 1896 and for three years was 
 its president. 
 
 On the 9th of December, 1866, at Savona, New York, Mr. Perry was married 
 to Miss Albina Hughes, a daughter of Dr. Hiram and Lurissa (Boone) Hughes. 
 Her father was a self-made man and in early life followed the millwright's trade, 
 but afterward became a successful physician. His wife, a representative of the 
 family to which Daniel Boone belonged, was a loving wife and mother, whose 
 life was quietly devoted to her own home. 
 
 In politics, Mr. Perry has always been a republican and twice represented the 
 fifth ward in Galesburg on the board of aldermen. He has belonged to Alpha 
 Lodge, No. 155, F. & A. M. since 1866, and was its secretary for eleven years 
 and senior warden for one year. He also holds membership in Vesper Lodge, 
 No. 584, I. O. O. F. He belongs likewise to the Galesburg Club and to the 
 Sequanota Club which has a resort on Pine Lake near Charlevoix, Michigan. Mr. 
 Perry's activities have largely touched public interests and have constituted a 
 feature in the general progress and improvement of Galesburg. He is extremely 
 modest and unassuming "in relating the saga of his own doings." However, the 
 specific and distinctive office of biography is not to give voice to a man's estimate 
 of himself and his accomplishments, but rather to leave a perpetual record, es- 
 
1088 
 
 HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY 
 
 tablishing his position by the consensus of public opinion. Judged in this light, 
 Mr. Perry deserves the recognition that should come to those who unselfishly and 
 effectively labor for the best interests of the community with which they are 
 identified. 
 
 MRS. ALBINA HUGHES PERRY. \v v' 
 JuLY 31, 184 1 -MARCH ii, 1912. ;. .. 
 
 Miss Albina Hughes was born in Savona, Steuben county, New York, July 
 3 1 st,' 1 84 1. She was the daughter of Doctor Hiram Hughes and Lurissa Boone 
 Hughes. She continued to reside in her native village until her marriage to Mr. 
 Perry. The early life of Mrs. Perry was spent studying and teaching. She 
 attended the common schools of her native village and had the privilege also of 
 attending the Sonora Academy, where she enjoyed an advanced course of study. 
 For a time she was also the preceptress of this institution. She was a successful 
 teacher when but sixteen years of age. From earliest youth she revealed a 
 clear, perceptive mind and she made rapid progress in all her studies. It was 
 characteristic of her that while following one course of reading she would mem- 
 orize another course read in her presence by pupils of a higher grade. This 
 alertness of mind has characterized Mrs. Perry throughout her entire life. As 
 a teacher she was marked by exceptional skill as a disciplinarian. While 
 possessed of a lively and humorous nature, her students were somewhat awed 
 by her presence and the promptest obedience always followed the expression of 
 her requests. In some respects her pupils scarcely discovered the kind and sym- 
 pathetic nature so thinly veiled by her outward manner, and yet all dearly loved her. 
 
 Thus as student and teacher and as daughter in the home she grew to maturity. 
 Her marriage to Mr. Perry occurred on December pth, 1866. Mr. Perry had 
 preceded her to Galesburg by about a year and a half, but in January, 1867, they 
 came to our city and here for forty-five years they have remained, sharing in 
 all the higher life of our community, and gathering about them a very large 
 circle of loved and loving friends. In this fellowship they have received and 
 contributed unceasing pleasure. 
 
 Throughout her life Mrs. Perry has not been physically strong. Even at the 
 time of her marriage she showed signs of failing health. It is therefore a great 
 tribute to her that she attained the good age of seventy and one-half years. This 
 was due almost entirely to her methodical life, her innate knowledge of hygiene, 
 and her constant recognition of and her obedience to the laws of right living. 
 These careful habits became characteristic of her in all departments of her life. 
 Order and economy became the law of her household. Under the stress of a 
 limited income she planned that there should always be at least a small surplus. 
 Realizing that age might bring its own problems of finance, she did her part 
 toward making an annual increase to this small surplus. Her conscience took 
 on much of the same formal and judicial character and her moral and social 
 nature was dominated by it. Indeed, one might quote that somewhat austere verse 
 of Pope in order to describe her in this direction: ',-- ;.. . 
 
''/'./. 
 
 /< ff f / /t f.'t /'/yv/ 
 f . , ' 
 
.. .1,- 
 
HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY : ; 1091 
 
 ' '' '- -. 
 
 'What conscience dictates to be done, - C, "iV ' ' 
 
 V ; Or warns me not to do, v ' .^ ^ .'>^ ^ 
 
 This teach me more than hell to shun, .',:.. 
 
 That more than Heaven pursue." ; 4 ;;: Xv . 
 
 But while submitting all her life to order, Mrs. Perry so directed her affairs .-. 
 as to leave time for the reading of the choicest literature in history and fiction, ' '-. 
 and for acquiring those treasures of the mind which became so characteristic 
 of her. She was a charter member of the Clio Club of this city and for two 
 years its president. That she contributed very much to the success and to the 
 pleasure of the club, all its members lovingly testify. In all matters her judg- 
 ment was excellent, and it was always at the service of her husband, whether ' 
 upon matters of the domestic arrangement or in the larger affairs of life. >;. 
 
 While no children were born to the home, it is to be recorded that many :. 
 
 children and youth have here found a true home. Many grown to maturity .,- 
 
 recall with exquisite pleasure the kindness of Mrs. Perry, and some of them ': 
 
 were fortunate in finding here the love of true parents. 
 
 y : ; MICHAEL J. DAUGHERTY. n'V^'^.^^'^^ i;/ 
 
 Michael J. Daugherty, a prominent and successful attorney of Galesburg, has 
 there practiced his profession continuously for the past third of a century. He 
 is also a leading factor in the public life of his community, serving as a member 
 of the forty-third and forty-fourth Illinois general assemblies. His birth oc- 
 curred in Monongahela, Pennsylvania, on the i8th of March, 1850, his parents 
 being Thomas and Isabella (Campbell) Daugherty. The father came to Illinois 
 "by water," that is he made the trip by steamboat down the Ohio from Pitts- 
 burg to Cairo, thence up the Mississippi to Alton, and from that point up the 
 Illinois river to Liverpool, which was then a flourishing river town but is now 
 extinct. He thence drove overland to St. Augustine and settled on a farm. 
 
 Michael J. Daugherty acquired his early education in the common schools of 
 St. Augustine. In 1862, when a boy of eleven years, he became an active factor 
 in the work of the farm. It was hard to find men who wanted employment at 
 farm labor in those days as the war of the Rebellion was then raging and as the 
 boy could not guide the plow and hold the team at the same time, his younger 
 brother rode one of the horses and drove the other while Michael J. Daugherty 
 handled the plow. In 1865 he entered St. Vincent's College at Wheeling, West 
 Virginia, from which institution he was graduated on the i8th of June, 1869. 
 He then returned to the west for fifteen months, after which he left home to 
 make his own way in the world. He was identified with general agricultural pur- 
 suits for a period, and also followed the profession of teaching for a time an<f 
 likewise engaged in the drug business. In 1876 he began the study of law and 
 was admitted to the bar in 1878, whereupon he opened an office at Avon, Illinois, 
 where he remained until 1879, when he came to Galesburg, entering into a part- 
 nership relation with F. A. Willoughby. He has remained a legal practitioner of 
 this city to the present time, enjoying an extensive and gratifying clientage. >; 
 
1092 HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY > C^ i > - 
 
 On the 1 8th of May, 1882, Mr. Daugherty was united in marriage to Miss 
 Jennie E. Brown, a daughter of James E. Brown and a granddaughter of George 
 W. Brown. Unto them has been born one son, Edwin M., who wedded Miss 
 Mabel Dunbar of Riverside, California. Mr. Daugherty is a valued member of 
 the Galesburg Business Men's Qub and also belongs to the Benevolent Protective 
 Order of Elks and the Knights of Columbus. He is a communicant of the Cath- 
 olic Church and a member of the board of Hope Abbey. His has been an active 
 and useful life, crowned with success and enriched by the kindly regard of many 
 friends who recognize and appreciate his worth. 
 
 Mr. Daugherty has been an active member of the democratic party. He was 
 nominated in 1884 for secretary of state on that ticket, Carter H. Harri.<;on, Sr., 
 then running for governor. The ticket made the best showing of any democratic 
 ticket in the state up to that time since the war. Mr. Daugherty, in 1885, was 
 appointed postmaster on the i8th day of April and continued until May i, 1889. 
 In 1892 and 1896 he took an active part in the campaigns, speaking throughout 
 this and other states. He was (elected a member of the forty-third general as- 
 sembly of Illinois as minority representative for this district. He was again 
 elected without opposition for the forty-fourth general assembly. He was 
 strongly urged to accept the third term without opposition, but refused to permit 
 his name again to go upon the ticket, desiring to return to the active practice of 
 law. While in the legislature he introduced the first direct primary law doing 
 away with conventions, and although there were but fifty-one democrats to sup- 
 port his bill and it took seventy-seven to pass it through the house, enough re- 
 publicans rallied to his assistance to give his bill seventy-six votes, or only one 
 vote short of enough to pass it. Mr. Daugherty has always taken an active part 
 in public affairs and has used every endeavor in his power to assist the making 
 of improvements in the public service. He took an advanced stand on questions 
 of municipal regulation of public utilities and has steadfastly and persistently 
 urged the necessity of the government controlling and directing all corporations 
 using the public property for private purposes, such as running street cars and 
 other franchises on the public highways. Mr. Daugherty, while on the committee 
 of hard roads in the legislature, took a bold stand for the improvement of the 
 public highways, insisting that the public alone should have the dominant right 
 to the use of public highways and that when a franchise was given to any person 
 or private corporation upon the highways, that they should take a subservient 
 right therein and that they should be regulated by public officers. As far back as 
 igoo Mr. Daugherty took the position in public affairs that the aggressiveness of 
 those owning public utilities would control the community and the laws, unless 
 the laws were made to curb their ambition to do this, and he has insisted that the 
 great corporations would sooner or later become masters of the situation and 
 grasp the reigns of government, or at least enough power to give them control in 
 directing the trend of law making. 
 
 Mr. Daugherty has always sought for advancement, progress and improve- 
 ment. He has taken an advanced stand on questions of municipal ownership and 
 as showing his ability as a writer as well as his logical reasoning and his ad- 
 vanced position concerning one of the vital questions of the day, we quote an 
 address which he delivered before the good roads committee, as follows : 
 
': >: . '; HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY I: ; 1093 
 
 The pride of the English people for centuries was "The King's Highway." 
 It was the subject of bard, poet and patriot. On its course distinctions of rank 
 melted away and the beggar stood equal to the nobleman the chariot of the King 
 turned out for the peasant's cart. 
 
 The very mention of the name suggests equality and justice. It is singular 
 how popular the ancient laws of the road grew among the people. 
 
 The unwritten laws were cherished as boons by the peasantry and respected 
 by the nobility, even the crown. 
 
 The meat of this was the satisfaction that a people find in sacred precincts 
 of a place, where the artificial barriers that "hedge about" classes, are broken 
 down and the people who generally feel, without admitting it, that they are 
 underlings 
 
 ' - . . "For one sacred moment touch Liberty's goal." ; ' i ' Vv':; 
 
 The highways are constructed for the general good, not for special accom- 
 modation. Their office is to facilitate travel and commerce. For that reason they 
 should be free from private interference and jealously guarded by the laws for 
 untrammeled public use. 
 
 This is the recognized law from the very earliest ages of national roads, and 
 it is only of late years an imperium in imperio has obtained where the word quasi 
 was added to private corporations to give them advantages of public power ^the 
 power to condemn land for their use. Elarly governments found it necessary to 
 
 . establish neutral grounds where the citizen or subject should with equal right 
 pass over or enjoy it in common. The Greeks, Romans and other ancient coun- 
 tries establish baths, parks and highways that were open to all alike. The rights 
 of commerce, not the rights of commercial corporations, and military movements 
 had the dominant right on such roads. Bandits and robbers exercised dominion 
 over these ancient ways, sometimes with the acquiescence of the government just 
 
 : as they do now. The construction of these highways was sometimes made at 
 
 enormous cost. Sometimes they were maintained by tolls collected but oftener 
 were free to the public. 
 
 The most wonderful of these highways that history records is what is known 
 as the "Appian Way." This great thoroughfare was constructed over three hun- 
 
 - dred and fifty miles of country, considered theretofore impassable. Appius 
 Claudius, knowing the delays of coast commerce from the east, that had to be 
 carried hundreds of miles around the Italian peninsula, conceived the idea of cut- 
 ting a road through the miasmatic marshes, from Rome to the Adriatic Sea. This 
 shortened the travel from Rome to the east about one-third what it had been. 
 
 The work was begun three hundred and twelve years B. C., and not completed 
 until thirty years B. C. But it made Rome the mistress of the world in commerce 
 and in war. We have no data informing us of any attempt by any syndicate to 
 obtain a charter to the Appian Way. 
 
 The American idea of having the government build roads for private indi- 
 viduals, as the Pacific railways were built, had not occurred to the grand old 
 heathen Appius or his fellow politicians. This wonderful road gave Rome all the 
 advantage over her neighbors in the movements of troops and enabled her citizens 
 
1094 HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY V;-':,:. 
 
 to outstrip their competitors, and yet it has always been free from monopoly. In 
 every age the streams, harbors, parks, streets and highways have been conceded to 
 be public property and free from private control. The government in its sov- 
 ereign capacity demanded the right to condemn private property for public use 
 under the right of eminent domain. None but a sovereign of people has that 
 right and it is class legislation to concede it. 
 
 When the application of steam power to motor engines was discovered am- 
 bitious men laid the foundation. of the present system of private ownership of 
 public highways. Within a century and a quarter the nations have abdicated the 
 greatest power they possess to private individuals and have made laws carrying 
 out the abdication. 
 
 Along with this change of ownership of public utilities has been started a 
 school of instruction teaching people that public ownership is a phantasmagoria, a 
 dream of diseased minds. 
 
 The Roman, Appius, found his nation struggling with other maritime powers 
 to win trade. Such a project was unheard of before, but he saw and succeeded. 
 It is quite different with modern civilized governments. Special privileges and 
 special laws have placed in the hands of private individuals the most dangerous 
 weapons to do with as they please. Consolidation and combination, with the 
 wealth of the country, their influence in every city and hamlet, their army of em- 
 ployees and a subsidized press what reform affecting them can obtain when they 
 have thoroughly organized. Then we can easily understand that the "King's 
 Highway" has been surrendered to trunk lines, interurban lines, street car lines 
 and electric and gas companies, monopolizing every right that they want. 
 
 Marco Polo laid the foundation of another great commercial thoroughfare that 
 brought the Indies and East in commercial relations with Germany, France and 
 other European nations. This was by way of Greece up the Danube and down 
 the Rhine. It is singular how modern methods assert themselves. The Roman 
 government, not Christian, protected the travelers on the Appian Way. It was 
 built and maintained as a national highway. The Danube route, however, run- 
 ning through Christian countries, fell under the detestable yoke of "The Robbers 
 of the Rhine Valley," who laid tribute on all who passed that way. Caravans of 
 merchants were plundered and robbed and finally settled down by paying a "trib- 
 ute, a tariff to the robbers who ran infant industries," amid the crags of the Ger- 
 man hills. Those who coasted through the Mediterranean ocean and around the 
 Atlantic coast of Europe were assessed by similar robbers, who infested Tenner- 
 iffe. Our word tariff comes from the tribute the merchantmen paid these robbers. 
 The United States in the early part of the last century, following the example of 
 foreign nations, began the construction of military roads throughout the United 
 States principally westward. The great "Washington Pike," built from Wash- 
 ington, D. C., to Columbus, Ohio, was the greatest and about the last. Fulton and 
 others discovered the force and steam and how to apply it to motive power. Here 
 the modern methods stepped in. The construction of railways sprung into exist- 
 ence and the legislatures ceased to make national roads and assigned to individuals 
 the almost exclusive right to construct them. 
 
 To do this another form of abdication took place. : ';^:'''.'^- ';'''.' I/' 
 
 The right of eminent domain is a sovereign prerogative. None but a sovereign 
 should wield that authority. By a fiction of law the courts give this right to indi- 
 viduals and the constitutional inhibition against a legislative body legislating away 
 
; ; ^ : -. HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY V^ 1095 
 
 its sovereign power has been violated and acquiesced in until it is a fixture. Now 
 we know that the roads, bridges, waterways and harbors were the exclusive prop- 
 erty of the people, until steam railways came into vogue. We have steamboats on 
 our rivers, but no one ever thinks of permitting them to appropriate our water 
 ways. Steam and electricity have almost monopolized the travel and movements 
 of commerce. Private individuals have succeeded, not only in monopolizing these 
 highways, but have gone into our cities and have bound them under a net work of 
 street car lines. They have subsidized the press, and controlled legislation, courts, 
 and executive officers until the average American citizen shouts, "Anarchist," 
 "Socialist," or other appellations at any one who dares to challenge the right of 
 these monopolists to own our streets and use them for their own good. 
 
 The supreme court of Illinois has decided that a street car company has a 
 dominant right to that portion of the street covered by its lines. The corporations 
 influence the city authorities to grant them franchises to use the streets to lay 
 pipes, mains, and tracks, erect telephone and telegraph poles and string wires and 
 give them authority to compel the public to step aside for them. The fact is that 
 franchises worth thousands of dollars are donated to them and they have enjoyed 
 these privileges so long that they imagine they own the streets. Nay more, they 
 point with pride to their magnanimity in letting the public use the parts of the 
 streets they do not want. 
 
 The denizens of our cities have slept on in a dream of fancy until their wak- 
 ing hours have been dominated with the dream illusion. The public has been 
 gradually shunted from its inheritance in public highways and private enterprise 
 has taken and monopolized them. It is deemed treason to talk of municipal own- 
 ership and a crime to advocate municipal control of public utilities. 
 
 The municipal ownership of railroads would naturally require or demand a 
 revolution in public carriage and commerce. It has passed to that stage where it 
 s doubtful whether the government could make the transfer without serious in- 
 convenience to the public and an upheaval in the departments. 
 
 With the great power of men and money at its disposal, what might be the 
 result of nationalizing the great trunk line system of this country? The time is 
 past when such a project can be attempted with impunity and leave the results to 
 be regulated by succeeding events. It is a serious question and one that but few 
 attempt to solve. The government has assumed control of these by an inter-state 
 commerce law that will best control and care for the welfare of all concerned. It 
 is late too late to talk of Government Ownership ; that should have been years 
 ago. 
 
 The smaller public utilities, however, demand immediate attention. They are 
 growing fast and waxing strong and aggressive. They consist of street and inter- 
 urban lines, waterworks, gas works and electric plants. A law exists in Illinois 
 prohibiting cities and villages from selling gas or electricity. Many cities have 
 their own plants to light their own streets and yet they cannot sell the surplus even. 
 Why? Because certain influences dominate the political field and forbid it. The 
 people not only acquiesce in this outrage on their rights, but reelect the men who 
 defeated the bill that restored to the people the right to manufacture and use their 
 own electricity and gas as they now furnish water. The people groan and sweat 
 under a load of extortionate prices, bad service and supercilious conduct toward 
 
1096 HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY ' 
 
 the public, and yet tie themselves year after year by party bonds to the chariot 
 wheels of these corporations. The country cannot flourish without these corporate 
 monopolies ; it cannot do so long if their encroachments continue. It is surprising 
 that a free people in this enlightened age submit to the arrogant manipulation of 
 our laws by corporate greed. The cry of socialism is misleading. It is the sophis- 
 try of the demagogue who is paid by the corporations that own him. 
 
 The demand for municipal ownership and municipal control is simply a de- 
 mand to restore to the people the "King's Highway," the streets and roadways. 
 Let the uncrowned, yet despotic princes of commerce turn their chariot wheels 
 aside and not run over or into every poor man's vehicle in the way. Let us re- 
 turn to the principles that have controlled commerce in every age, let the nation, 
 at least, have control of public thoroughfares and protect every man who travels 
 them. Let the republic give us a highway of commerce as free and safe as the 
 "King's Highway." ... . , 
 
 ;^V; JAMES FULTON PERCY, M. D. v. ^vV^^yV.; 
 
 Determination, energy, natural aptitude and a life long devotion to the highest 
 professional ideals are the qualities which have placed James Fulton Percy in 
 a prominent position, not only among the members of the medical fraternity in 
 Illinois but in the nation as well. His whole professional career and his advance 
 have been based upon a mastery of medicine and surgery as a science. These 
 characteristics have placed him in the position that he now occupies, i .. v ' 
 
 Dr. Percy was born in Bloomfield, New Jersey, March 26, 1864. The ances- 
 tral history in the paternal line is traced back to France, in the year iioo and 
 the name was written De Percy. In less remote generations the ancestry has 
 become largely Scotch-Irish. The great-grandfather, Francis Percy, was born 
 in Belfast, County Antrim, Ireland, but he was connected directly with the house 
 of Percy to which belonged the distinguished Percy, Earl of Northumberland, 
 whose deeds have filled many a page of English history. Another of the great- 
 grandfathers of Dr. Percy was Stafford Wilson, who was born, lived and died, 
 at Gatside, in County Antrim, where was also the birthplace of his daughter, 
 Isabel, who became the wife of the paternal grandfather of Dr. Percy. His father, 
 James Percy, was born in Soho, Essex county. New Jersey, and wedded Sarah 
 Ann Fulton, a native of New York city and the daughter of James Fulton, who 
 was born in County Downs, Ireland. The last named wedded Mary Rogers, 
 who was a native of County Antrim, having been born within the shadow of 
 Gilhall Castle. Her grandparents were McCormicks. James Fulton, for whom 
 Dr. Percy was named, went out from New York city, where he had made his 
 home, as a contractor under the French in the building of the Panama Canal. 
 He lost his life there from yellow fever that scourge which brought defeat to 
 the French project. His wife, Mary Fulton, removed with her five children to 
 Oronoco, Minnesota, securing a homestead claim there in pioneer times. She 
 died in the state hospital at Rochester, Minnesota, at an advanced age. Her 
 daughter, Sarah Ann, became the wife of James Percy. He was a contractor, 
 
} 
 
- ":; ^V;,. : ;; HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY . :"''>:, 1099 
 
 becoming well known as a builder of flour mills, woolen mills and veneer saw- 
 mills. He constructed many such plants in the middlewest. 
 
 Dr. Percy attended the public schools of Bloomfield, New Jersey, until fourteen 
 years of age when because of ill health he was sent by his parents to Minnesota 
 with the hope that a change of climate would prove beneficial. While in that 
 state he attended the public schools of Oronoco and of Rochester. It was at the 
 latter place that he met W. J. and C. H. Mayo, who have since become world- 
 renowned surgeons. The acquaintance formed at that time has ripened into a 
 friendship that has not diminished as the years have passed. After this period spent 
 in the public schools of Minnesota, during which time he regained his health, 
 Dr. Percy went to New York city where he pursued a four years' course in the 
 Bellevue Hospital Medical College. This was at a time when the law required 
 but two years in a medical school in order to obtain a license to practice. It is 
 believed that Dr. Percy was the first medical student in this country who took 
 a four years consecutive graded course. He was graduated in 1886 and was 
 honored with the presidency of his class. At the time of his graduation he was 
 offered by Dr. Joseph D. Bryant of New York city, the family physician of 
 President Cleveland, the position of surgeon to the Rhode Island Hospital at 
 Providence, Rhode Island. After seriously considering the offer for some 
 weeks Dr. Percy declined on the ground that he had not sufficient experience 
 either with the world of life or the medical world in order to be fully qualified 
 to accept so responsible a position. 
 
 Following his graduation in New York Dr. Percy went to Minnesota and 
 located for practice in Mazeppa where he remained for two years. His practice 
 grew rapidly and reached extensive proportions ; realizing that he could prac- 
 tice with a measure of success and that if he was ever to change his residence 
 it should be done early in his professional career, he resolved to come to Gales- 
 burg. While living in the north he had formed the acquaintance of the Rev. 
 J. W. Bradshaw, pastor of the "Brick" Congregational church of Galesburg. 
 On the occasion of his single meeting with the Rev. Mr. Bradshaw the latter inci- 
 dentally mentioned his home city as a desirable place of residence. When he 
 had decided to make a change in his place of residence Dr. Percy remembered 
 the praise given this city by Mr. Bradshaw and visited Galesburg only to be 
 told by the minister that he could not hope for any success here because the 
 field was overcrowded and he "would starve to death" if he located here. Dr. 
 Percy, however, saw an opportunity that the good minister could not see and 
 subsequent events have amply vindicated his judgment. It has been a character- 
 istic of the Doctor that he does his own thinking and bases his conduct on his 
 own judgment. Indeed, his position as a representative of the profession is 
 further indicated in the fact that he has been honored with the presidency of ' 
 the Illinois State Medical Society. His success gradually grew and he has today 
 probably the finest physician's office in the world under one management. X'iewed 
 from a practical and artistic standpoint it certainly approaches perfection. It 
 contains twenty-two rooms and in connection therewith but in a separate build- - . 
 ing he has probably the finest private laboratory in the state. Dr. Percy has : 
 done much post-graduate work in New York, Philadelphia and Boston. He 
 spent six months in the state hospital at Braunschweig, Germany, under the - 
 
 famous surgeon. Professor Sprengel. During the same year he also spent six 
 
 Vol. n 50 . . . -.,:,-...... . ..-^ :.,.,,. ........ .:.-,.,.--. ;''. 
 
1100 HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY :^ -'V,! '^ 
 
 months with the equally famous surgeon, Professor Dr. Kraske, in Freiburg, 
 Baden. While in that place Dr. Percy also studied pathology under Professor 
 Zeigler, one of the world famous teachers of that subject. He obtained his first 
 experience in abdominal surgery in the Chicago Veterinary College under Pro- 
 fessor Fred Byron Robinson. He did this with the idea of not subjecting the 
 human being to his inexperience when valuable experience could so easily be 
 gained on the lower animals. He has continually advanced in skill and efficiency 
 in the practice of both medicine and surgery and the eminent position which 
 '' he now occupies has been well won. He is a valued member of various medical 
 and scientific societies. He was president of the Military Tract Medical Society 
 in 1892, became a member of the Chicago Gynecological Society in 1904 and 
 was president of the Illinois State Medical Society in 1907. He is also a mem- 
 ber of the Western Surgical Association. He called the first meeting out of 
 which grew the Galesburg Hospital, now an institution of eighty-five beds. A 
 meeting was held February 9, 1891, and the hospital was formally opened on 
 the 5th of July, 1893. He is serving as the Illinois representative of the 
 National Legislative Council of the American Medical Association for 1912-13. 
 He had held the chair of surgery and surgical clinics in the College of Physicians 
 and Surgeons at Keokuk, Iowa, in 1898, and it was there that he learned the 
 futility of a medical school trying to teach medicine as a science and paying 
 professors and the running expenses of the school from the fees of the students. 
 At the end of the college year, therefore, he resigned. He afterward served as 
 a member and in 1911 was made chairman of the committee on medical educa- 
 tion in the Illinois State Medical Society. While chairman of this committee he 
 read a paper at Aurora at the Illinois meeting of this society which set forth the 
 deplorably low grade of all but three of the many medical schools of Chicago. 
 This report accomplished for medical education in Illinois what the Flexner 
 report did in exposing the almost uniformly low grade of medical school methods 
 in the entire country. He stands at all times for high ideals which find practical 
 fulfillment in the service rendered by the profession to the public. Dr. Percy 
 has written many articles on surgery which have attracted wide attention and 
 have contributed to the advancement of the profession along that line. He has 
 been a member of the council of the Illinois State Medical Society for eighteen 
 years and he was secretary of the section on the practice of medicine of that 
 society in 1894. He limits his practice to general surgery. 
 
 Dr. Percy is a member of the University Club of Chicago and has a wide 
 acquaintance among prominent residents of the state. Aside from professional 
 lines he has written largely upon sociological subjects and has made a close 
 study of conditions bearing thereon. His standards of life in every relation are 
 high. He seeks that which contributes to the world's progress as well as to the 
 individual advancement. The wide acquaintance and prominence which he has 
 gained through his professional ability have made him known throughout the 
 country and stand in contradiction to the prediction of Dr. Bryant of New York 
 city who, when Dr. Percy declined to accept the position at Providence, Rhode 
 Island, remarked, "Yes, and this is the last we will ever hear of James Percy." 
 
 Dr. Percy was married on June 12, 1888, to Miss Josephine L. Robinson, the 
 only child of Prosper and Katharine Robinson of Mazeppa, Minnesota, the 
 former a merchant of large financial interests in the southern part of that state. 
 
HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY 
 
 1101 
 
 Dr. and Mrs. Percy now have one child, a daughter, Katharine, who was born in 
 Galesburg, September 4, 1891, and is at present occupying the chair of domestic 
 science and household economics in Hedding College at Abingdon. 
 
 When Dr. Percy located in Galesburg in February, 1888, there was a strong 
 sentiment in favor of the union of the two Congregational churches which existed 
 within a half block of each other. This sentiment crystalized in the Doctor's 
 Bible class and resulted in the calling of the meeting at his home which was 
 largely attended by members of both churches. The sentiment was strongly in 
 favor of the union but as the "Old First" church had extended a call to the 
 Rev. Dr. Sherrill the final union which occurred subsequently was not con- 
 summated at that time. Dr. and Mrs. Percy greatly interested themselves and 
 were the prime movers in the establishment of the East Knox Street Congrega- 
 tional church which was dedicated June 23, 1895. Out of this work grew the 
 establishment of the East Main Street Congregational church. From the fore- 
 going it will be seen that a spirit of broad humanitarinism has actuated Dr. 
 Percy in all of his relations throughout his entire life..- . . ; ., ; ' 
 
 - '. v'^; ^^: '. ;,.:-^ JOHN WILLSIE. ^v':--"-. , ^:"-^'^- :/. ' 
 
 ; . ^ .' ,^ .../'. ~ '.- ' , . ^.. ,;, ':..'. _' ; . ;':v'. _/".-'. ';/' 
 
 John Willsie is a locomotive engineer on the Chicago, Burlington & Quincy 
 Railroad and resides at No. 1432 East Knox street, Galesburg. He was bom in this 
 city August 13. 1867, and is a son of Horace and Betsey (Nichols) Willsie, na- 
 tives of Canada and of New York respectively. The father was a son of John 
 Willsie, also a native of Canada, whose family numbered nine children of whom 
 three are living, Milo, George and Asa. Among those deceased were Charity, 
 Julia and Polly. The maternal grandfather of Mr. Willsie was Alfred Nichols 
 whose wife was Eliza (Felt) Nichols. Both were natives of New York but be- 
 came early settlers of Galesburg, where Mr. Nichols conducted a hotel on the 
 present site of the Metropolitan block. He lived to old age but his wife died 
 in middle age. Of their children three are now living, namely : Betsey ; Louise, 
 the wife of William Cobb, of Schoolcraf t, Michigan ; and Le Roy Nichols, also 
 of that place. The first named became the wife of Horace Willsie, who resided 
 near Perry's Mills, in Canada until twelve years of age. When a young man he 
 came to the United States and settled in Marion, Iowa, where he engaged in 
 clerking in a store. He then removed to Missouri where he did railroad con- 
 tracting. In 1853 he came to Galesburg and clerked in a store while subsequently 
 he conducted a livery stable. He also served as city marshal and as sheriff, re- 
 maining in public office for fifteen years, and later he carried on a livery business. 
 At the time of the Civil war he enlisted in defence of the Union, becoming cap- 
 tain of his company and winning promotion to the rank of colonel. He recruited 
 two or three companies in Galesburg where he was a man of influence and of 
 prominence. He died June 17, 1906, at the venerable age of seventy-nine years, 
 respected and honored by all who knew him. His wife, who was born in 1839. 
 
1102 HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY v' I - : 
 
 still survives him. She holds membership in the Methodist church, to which Mr. ' 
 Willsie also belonged and his life was ever honorable and upright in harmony \^ 
 with his professions. They had four sons and one daughter, all of whom were . 
 born in Galesburg, as follows : Wilbur F. ; Horace N. ; Alfred N. ; John ; and '^ 
 Daisy, the wife of Edwin Kulp. 
 
 John Willsie was reared in Galesburg and attended the public schools, his 
 course there being supplemented by five terms of study in Lombard University. 
 He afterward worked at the machinist's trade for four and a half years and then . ; 
 turned his attention to railroading as fireman on the Chicago, Burlington & 
 Quincy. He spent ten years in that way and during the past twelve years has 
 been locomotive engineer, capably filling this position of responsibility. He is 
 most careful in the discharge of all of his duties, realizing that human life de- 
 pends upon his watchfulness and fidelity, and he has made for himself a most 
 creditable position among the trusted representatives of the road. 
 
 Mr. Willsie was married February 2, 1890, to Miss Juniata Stiers, a daughter- 
 of James and Martha (Cornell) Stiers. .Mrs. Willsie was born in Woodhull, Illi- 
 nois, July II, 1870. Her paternal grandfather, Ralph Stiers, was a native of 
 Germany. He married Catharine Foraker and both lived to old age, dying near 
 Cambridge, Ohio. The maternal grandfather of Mrs. Willsie was William Cornell 
 who was born in London, England, and wedded Agnes Jeffers. They were early 
 settlers of Ohio, living near Cambridge and Marietta, and Mrs. Cornell died in 
 that state. Her husband afterward established his home upon a farm near Wood- 
 hull in Henry county, Illinois, but later returned to Ohio. Their children were 
 Mary, Martha, Harrison, Hannah, Cynthia, James and Joseph. 
 
 James Stiers, the father of Mrs. Willsie, was born in Pennsylvania and wedded 
 Martha Cornell, a native of Ohio. They became early residents of Woodhull, 
 Illinois, and afterward removed to Peoria, where Mr. Stiers died July 6, 1909, 
 at the age of eighty-one years. His wife still survives at the age of sixty-eight 
 years. They were the parents of ten children of whom eight are now living, 
 Vibert O., Wallace R., Flora E., Juniata F., Ona L., Fred L., Qay B. and 
 Thurlow S. 
 
 Unto Mr. and Mrs. Willsie was born but one child, -Majorie N., who is now 
 a student in the Art Institute of Chicago. Both Mr. and Mrs. Willsie are well 
 known in Galesburg. The former is a member of the Odd Fellows society and 
 the latter holds membership in the Presbyterian church. . 
 
 . /;. DANIEL WILLIAM SHEAHAN. ; / 
 
 During the many years in which Daniel William Sheahan was connected with 
 the agricultural interests of Knox county he was numbered among the progressive 
 and intelligent farmers of this county. . His birth occurred on the I5th of Au- 
 gust, 1843, at Saratoga, New York, and he was a son of John and Margaret 
 (Goodwen) Sheahan. The father was 'born in County Kerry, Ireland, on the 
 i9th of February, 1819. He came to this country alone, his wife having been 
 injured while boarding the vessel at Queenstown. He arrived at New York in 
 1843 and immediately went to Saratoga, where he engaged in farming, his wife 
 
V X M>; } : Hi^^ ' ;:; 1103 
 
 i;. arriving seven weeks later. In 1855 Mr. Sheahan removed to Altona, Illinois, 
 with his wife and three children. From that town they walked to the eighty acres 
 / of land which he had purchased in Copley township and there they took up farm- 
 , ing. Subsequently they removed to Lynn township and in 1870 began farming on 
 \ the old Heaton farm. After living on that property for many years he retired 
 .1 and removed to Galva, where his death occurred on the 27th of April, 1904. Mrs. 
 . : Sheahan, who was a daughter of Richard and Mazie (Murphy) Goodwen, died 
 .. at the age of seventy-seven years, on the igth of February, 1897. 
 ,: - Daniel W. Sheahan removed to Altona with his parents when but a child. 
 '. .V After he finished his education in the district schools he was employed as a 
 ;. laborer by the Chicago, Burlington & Quincy Railroad for one summer. Sub- 
 '. sequently he farmed for his father until he enlisted at Oneida, Illinois, in Com- 
 pany I, One Hundred and Second Illinois Infantry, on the 24th of July, 1862. 
 . . He was one of the first to enlist, his captain being the late E. E. Conger, who later 
 was minister to China. Mr. Sheahan won rapid promotion and after serving as 
 first sergeant became first lieutenant. His most important service was under 
 .'.; Sherman on the march to the sea. He was mustered out on the 4th of June, 
 . : 1865. Returning home, he entered Bryant & Stratton Business College in Chi- 
 ; . cago and took a thorough commercial course in that institution. Later he took up 
 agricultural pursuits at Oneida and subsequently at Galva. He remained thus 
 . - engaged until 1873, when he left with his family for Qay Center, Nebraska. In 
 i88i he again returned to Illinois and located upon the property which was his 
 home at the time of his death. During the latter part of his life he gave up his 
 activities and lived retired, the competence which he had earned earlier in life 
 affording him the necessities and comforts in his later years. 
 . ' .: Mr. Sheahan was married August 20, 1866, to Miss Sarah Jane Brown, whose 
 birth occurred near Chicago, in Dupage county, on the 22d of December, 1845, ^^^ 
 parents being Mr. and 'Mrs. William Brown. To Mr. and Mrs. Sheahan ten chil- 
 dren were born. Adelaide, the eldest, is the wife of E. S. Potter, of Galva. John 
 . . P. is residing on the home farm. He married Miss Wilbur and to their union 
 one child, Daniel, has been born. William W. is married to lona Fuller. To 
 : their union two children, Gladys and Anita, have been born. Albert G., who is 
 living in California, is married to Bessie Masterson, and to their union one child, 
 ; Marie, has been bom. Mary E., who is the wife of William F. Sipes, is residing 
 ' in Missouri. Catherine is deceased. James F. makes his home in Galva. 
 ; : Frances A. is a caterer at Galva and local correspondent for the Galesburg Regis- 
 .-. ter. Florence, her twin sister, is deceased. Daniel E., the youngest of the family, 
 is an auctioneer. Mr. Sheahan's death occurred on the 25th of February, 1911. 
 " Throughout his life he had been one of the most active promoters of any meas- 
 ures, undertakings or organizations which were started for civic or social develop- 
 . ; ment and welfare. He was one of the promoters and the secretary of the Grange 
 of Walnut Creek and Knox districts for nine years and was also a director of the 
 Knox County Fire Insurance Company, an office to which one of his sons has 
 fallen heir. 
 
 Much of his time and effort were given to the public welfare and he was a 
 powerful factor in the democratic party in the township, which often sought and 
 heeded his counsel. He served for twelve years as the town clerk and for four 
 
1104 . HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY / 
 
 as assessor, with credit to himself and to the satisfaction of his constituents. To 
 such a man as Mr. Sheahan the community owes a debt of gratitude for the ac- 
 tivities which he both supported and actively assisted during his lifetime. Much 
 of the progress of the community in which he lived was due to the impetus which 
 it received from him. His friends and neighbors and they are many found 
 him to be a loyal citizen, a progressive agriculturist and a man of the strictest 
 integrity. ' . ' ;.- ':-^''A / ^'''': '^./..^'^;\V\v;' '';:';.:,;> '-^ 
 
 , : WALTER WATSON WHIPPLE. ' r : 
 
 ' - . .-.' -. ' ' ' 
 
 - ' ' \ '''--'..- ^ 
 
 Walter Watson Whipple, city editor of the Galesburg Evening Mail, entered 
 upon his present connection with journalistic interests in Knox county in 1910, but 
 also received his initial newspaper experience in this city and the impetus gained 
 in early life has carried him forward to his present position. With the exception 
 of a brief period spent in the west he has always been a resident of Illinois, his 
 birth having occurred in Birmingham township, Schuyler county, April ii, 1880. 
 His parents are Heman Oscar and Anne Estelle (Lawton) Whipple. The an- 
 cestry of the Whipple family can be traced back in direct line through eight gen- 
 erations to Captain John Whipple, who was born in Milford, Wales, in 1617. He 
 came to America when a young man and was married in Massachusetts. The 
 Whipple family then remained in New England until Edward Whipple, grand- 
 father of W. W. Whipple, removed to Illinois, coming to this state from Vermont. 
 Captain John Whipple was a contemporary of Roger Williams and on his arrival 
 in the new world first settled in Rhode Island. In the Lawton line the ancestry 
 can be traced back to 1630, in which year occurred the birth of John Lawton, 
 probably in Connecticut. Heman O. Whipple, the father, was born in Illinois and is 
 now a well-to-do farmer and stock raiser. His wife was born in Massachusetts. 
 
 In the district schools near Plymouth, Illinois, Walter W. Whipple pursued his 
 studies to the age of ten years and afterward attended the graded and high schools 
 in Plymouth, followed by a five years' course in Knox College, of Galesburg, from 
 which he was graduated A. B. with the class of 1903. He resided on the home 
 farm until he had completed his college course and then took up newspaper report- 
 ing for the Daily Republican Register, at Galesburg. That he seemed to have en- 
 tered a field for which he had natural aptitude and ability was evidenced in the 
 fact that he was made city editor in 1905. In 1907-8-9 he did newspaper report- 
 ing and handled the state news for the Denver Republican, at Denver, Colorado, 
 but in 1910 returned to Galesburg and has since been city editor of the Galesburg 
 Evening Mail, his efforts contributing largely to. the success of the paper which is 
 regarded as one of the leading journals of the Military Tract. 
 
 On the 9th of June, 1907, at Bloomington, Nebraska, Mr. Whipple was united 
 in marriage to Miss Maud Olivia Scogland, a daughter of Charles J. and Emily 
 Scogland, of Galesburg, but the former died in 1900. Mrs. Whipple was educated 
 in the schools of this city, being graduated from the high school with the class 
 of 1897. - ; > 
 
 Mr. Whipple gives his political support to the republican party and the columns 
 of the paper which he edits advocates its principles, so that his influence in this 
 
AXEL GABRIELSON 
 
HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY 1107 
 
 connection is of no restricted order. He has an interesting military chapter in his 
 life history as a member of Battery B, First Artillery, Illinois National Guard, 
 with which he served from 1900 until 1903. He belongs to the Congregational 
 church and his social nature finds expression in his membership in the Country 
 Qub. He has never sought to figure prominently in any public relation and is 
 perhaps not widely known in the state outside of the newspaper guild but in his 
 home city sterling and attractive traits of character have firmly established him in 
 the regard of his fellow townsmen. ; < 
 
 :; ::>i;-: ::,/-:; '''"^ " :.,; ' AXEL . 
 
 ' Called to the office of assistant cashier in the Farmers & Mechanics Bank 
 of Galesburg in 1906, Axel Gabrielson has made for himself a creditable posi- 
 tion in the business circles of his native city. He was born March 4, 1860, a 
 son of Andrew G. and Maria C. Gabrielson. The father was born July 15, 
 1822, and died August 26, 1904, while the mother, whose birth occurred January 
 20, iSiS, passed away December 27, 1899. They emigrated from Ostergot- 
 land, Sweden, to America in 1857, reaching Galesburg in July. The father was 
 a carpenter by trade and was employed by the G. W. Brown Company and the 
 Chicago, Burlington & Quincy Railroad Company to the time of his retirement 
 from business. In his family were five children: Mrs. Minnie Anderson, who 
 lived in Binghamton, New York, but 'is now deceased; John A., a resident of 
 Stromsburg, Nebraska; Mrs. Annie Swanson, of Brooklyn, New York; Charles 
 D., a resident of Salem, Oregon; and Axel, of this review. 
 
 The last named was a pupil in the public schools of Galesburg, also in Knox 
 Academy and in the high school at Binghamton, New York. His specifically 
 literary education being completed he then began preparation for the ministry 
 as a student in the Swedish Methodist Theological Seminary at St. Paul, Min- 
 nesota. However, much of his life has been devoted to business pursuits. He 
 was employed for four years by the E. F. Thomas Dry Goods Company and 
 for four years in the millinery store of F. N. Gay. He spent eleven years suc- 
 cessively in the Second National Bank, Farmers and Mechanics Bank and The 
 Bank of Galesburg and in 1889 organized the Bank of Galesburg, of which he 
 was the first cashier, occupying that position for three years or until he re- 
 signed to enter the ministry of the church. While engaged in preaching the 
 gospel he acted as pastor of Methodist churches in Wataga, Bishop Hill and 
 Peoria, and for six years was Sunday school missionary in Henry county, Illi- 
 nois. For the past six years he has been assistant cashier of the Farmers & 
 Mechanics Bank, thus resuniing active relations with financial interests in Gales- 
 burg, his previous experience along this line well qualifyng him for his present 
 responsibilities. 
 
 On the 25th of May, 1886, in Stoughton, Wisconsin, Mr. Gabrielson was mar- 
 ried to Miss Christina Myron, a daughter of Ole O. and Karina Myron. Her 
 father was bom August 21, 1825, and died June 22, 1893. The mother, bom 
 in 1827, passed away in 1867. Mr. Myron was a shoemaker by trade and 
 
AXKI. (;.\I$I!IKI.SON 
 
HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY 1107 
 
 connection is of no restricted order. He has an interesting military chapter in his 
 life history as a member of Battery B, First Artillery, Illinois National Guard, 
 with which he served from 1900 until 1903. He belongs to the Congregational 
 church and his social nature finds expression in his membership in the Country 
 Qub. He has never sought to figure prominently in any public relation and is 
 perhai^s not widely known in the state outside of the newspaper guild but in his 
 home city sterling and attractive traits of character have firmly established him in 
 the regard of his fellow townsmen. 
 
 : AXEL GABRIELSOX. 
 
 Called to the office of assistant cashier in the Fanners & Mechanics Bank 
 of Galesburg in 1906, Axel Gabrielson has made for himself a credital)le i)osi- 
 tion in the business circles of his native city. He was born March 4. i8<^o. a 
 son of Andrew G. and Maria C. Gabrielson. The father was born July 15, 
 1822, and died August 26, 1904, while the mother, whose birth occurred January 
 20. i8i8, passed away December 27, 1899. They emigrated from Ostergot- 
 land, Sweden, to America in 1857, reaching Galesburg in July. The father was 
 a carpenter by trade and was emjiloyed by the G. \V. Brown Company and the 
 Chicago, Iktrlington & Quincy Railroad Company to the time of his retirement 
 from business. In his family were five children: Mrs. Minnie Anderson, who 
 lived in Binghamton, Xew York, but is now deceased: John A., a resident of 
 Stromsburg. Nebraska: Mrs. Annie Swanson, of Brooklyn. New York: Charles 
 D., a resident of Salem. Oregon : and Axel, of this review. 
 
 The last named was a pupil in the public schools of Galesburg, also in Knox 
 Academy and in the high school at Binghamton, New York. His sjiecifically 
 literary education being com])leted he then began ])reparation for the ministry 
 as a student in the Swedish Methodist Theological Seminary at St. Paul, Min- 
 nesota. However, much of his life has been devoted to business pursuits. He 
 was employed for four years by the E. F. Thomas Dry Goods Company and 
 for four years in the millinery store of F. N. Gay. He sjient eleven years suc- 
 cessively in the Second National Bank, Farmers and Mechanics P>ank and The 
 Bank of Galesburg and in 1889 organized the Bank of Galesburg. of which he 
 was the first cashier, occupying that position for three years or until he re- 
 signed to enter the ministry of the church. \\'hile engaged in preaching the 
 gospel he acted as pastor of Methodist churches in Wataga, P.ishoj) Hill and 
 Peoria, and for six years was Sunday school missionary in Henry count}'. Illi- 
 nois. For the past six years he has been assistant cashier of the Farmers 61: 
 Mechanics Bank, thus resuming active relations with financial interests in Gales- 
 burg, his previous experience along this line well qualifyng him for his present 
 responsibilities. 
 
 On the 25th of 'May, 1886, in Stoughton, Wisconsin, Mr. Gabrielson was mar- 
 ried to Miss Christina Myron, a daughter of Ole O. and Karina Myron. Her 
 father was born August 21, 1825, and died June 22, 1893. The mother, born 
 in 1827, passed away in 1867. Mr. Myron was a shoemaker by trade and 
 
1108 
 
 HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY 
 
 followed that pursuit in Wisconsin, following his emigration from Christiania, 
 Norway, to America in 1862. He first settled in Madison but afterward re- 
 moved to Stoughton where he lived until his death. In the family were seven 
 children, three of whom are yet living. Mrs. Gabrielson was born in Madison, 
 Wisconsin, April 13, 1865. By her marriage she has become the mother of six 
 children: Frederick, Mabel, Ervin, Katherine, Bertha, and Julian, but the 
 first named has passed away. The parents are members of the Swedish Meth- . 
 odist Episcopal church and are deeply and actively interested in its work. Mr. Gab- 
 rielson votes with the republican party and recognizes the obligations as well as 
 the privileges of citizenship. He for two terms represented the third ward in the 
 Common Council in the city of Galesburg. He has ever held to high ideals and has 
 sought to make his life a serviceable factor in the world's work. Wherever 
 known he is spoken of in terms of high regard and the circle of his friends is 
 constantly increasing as the circle of his acquaintance grows. 
 
 HAROLD MAY HOLLAND. 
 
 The career of one who has been accorded the superior advantages of the 
 higher educational institutions is favored with splendid and special oppor- 
 tunities. At the outset it aflfords him an independence which in itself is of an 
 inspirational nature and gives him confidence to reach higher and attempt 
 greater things than his fellow citizens who have been denied those advantages. 
 Withal, however, the university with its learning is one thing and the business 
 world with its practical experience and competition is quite another. The 
 world calls for real value. 
 
 Harold M. Holland, after graduating from Dartmouth College made his 
 start in the business world in 1903. At that time he engaged in the retail 
 and wholesale athletic goods business with John F. McLean, under the firm 
 name of McLean & Holland. After remaining in partnership with Mr. McLean 
 for some time he purchased the entire business and has since continued to 
 conduct the store independently, although the firm name, McLean & Holland, 
 is still used. ; . ^-'v'^' ' .! .. ^V ; '. '.. I ;/ 
 
 Mr. Holland was born in Galesburg, Illinois, on the I5th of April, 1878, a 
 son of Joseph Basset and Mary Otis (May) Holland. The father's birth oc- 
 curred near Brattleboro, Vermont, July ii, 1830. After being graduated from 
 Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire, in 1858, he entered the medical 
 department of Dartmouth. While an undergraduate he was admitted to the 
 Psi Upsilon fraternity, and because of the excellent record he made in his 
 studies he was admitted to the Phi Beta Kappa. Later he was a special student 
 at Amhurst College, Harvard University and Columbia University. For sev- 
 eral years he was demonstrator in microscopical and pathological anatomy at 
 Dartmouth and subsequently was associated with D. Appleton & Company and 
 
;:. ';^-^' : HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY i^ 
 
 William Wood & Company in wholesale publishing. He holds membership in 
 the American Association for the Advancement of Science and was the first 
 American to be elected as a member of the British Economic Society. At one 
 time he was vice president of the New England Agricultural Society, and for 
 years has been president of the Galesburg Public Library Association. His 
 name also appears on the directorate of the First National Bank of Galesburg. 
 On the i8th of November, 1872, he was married at Galesburg to Miss Mary 
 Otis May, a daughter of Henry Harvey and Delia (Ray) May. Mr. H. H. 
 May was one of the early settlers in Knox county, having arrived here in 1837. 
 He was the inventor of the first successful horse-power reaper and made the 
 first steel plow. Mrs. Joseph B. Holland is now residing in California with 
 her son, Hubert Ray. 
 
 Harold M. Holland first attended school at Galesburg where he pursued 
 his early education in the public schools. In 1893 he entered Knox College 
 Academy and for several years was a student in Knox College. He was grad- 
 uated from Dartmouth College in 1900 with the degree of A. B. W-hile a stu- 
 dent there he was chosen a member of Phi Delta Theta. 
 
 On the 3d of April, 1909, Mr. Holland was married to Miss Beula Mary 
 Hunt, of Galesburg. He is a member of the Soangetaha Qub, of which he 
 has been a director for three years. He also holds membership in the Cooper 
 Ornithological Club of California and is an associate member of the American 
 Ornithologists' Union. In 1908, 1909 and again in 1912 he was elected presi- 
 dent of the Galesburg Base Ball Company. In religious faith he is affiliated 
 with the Central Congregational church of Galesburg. In politics he is a re- 
 publican. Mr. Holland bears the reputation of being very progressive in his 
 business ideas and has been most successful in promoting and introducing new 
 lines and methods which tend to further the welfare of his business. 
 
 WILKINS SEACORD. 
 
 ' Wilkins Seacord, deceased, was for many years an active and honored resi- 
 dent of Galesburg and Knox county, many business interests feeling the stimu- 
 lus of his activity, his commercial and industrial connections being at all times 
 of such a character as contributed to general progress and prosperity as well as 
 to individual success. Moreover, the methods pursued would ever bear close 
 investigation and scrutiny so that he was honored and respected wherever 
 known, and most of all where he was best known. His life history constitutes 
 a creditable chapter in the annals of Knox county. His birth occurred in Orange 
 county, New York, September 20, 1833, and his ancestry can be traced back to the 
 Huguenots of France. His grandfather was subordinate officer under Marquis 
 de la Fayette and came to America with that gallant French hero who aided in 
 the establishment of American independence. Pleased with the new world and 
 its prospects he decided to remain and established his home in the Empire state. 
 
1110 HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY ^ .i^t ' 
 
 His son, Wilkins Seacord, father of him whose name introduces this review, mar- 
 ried Hulda J. Morris, also a native of New York. He was a prominent citizen of 
 that state and for many years represented his district in the general assembly, 
 leaving the impress of his individuality upon the laws which were enacted during 
 his connection with the state legislature. He continued a resident of New York 
 until called to his final rest in 1862, when sixty-two years of age. His widow sur- 
 vived him for about fifteen years and passed away at the age of seventy-two years. 
 In their family were five children of whom Wilkins Seacord, of this review, 
 was the fourth in order of birth. He had the advantage of training in a home 
 of culture and refinement, enjoyed good educational privileges and in early man- 
 hood came to the middle west. In his youth he learned something of the black- 
 smith's trade and also worked at farming for a time. He was twenty-two years 
 of age when he left home and for a brief period he drifted about in Ohio, Mich- 
 igan and Indiana but found what he regarded as a suitable place of residence when 
 in October, 1855, he arrived in Galesburg. He then devoted his attention to teach- 
 ing school for a brief period and also broke prairie, but in the spring of 1857 
 took up commercial pursuits, engaging in business in Oneida. In the spring of 
 1862 he turned his attention to the meat and live-stock business which he carried 
 on with considerable success for about six years but abandoned that line in 1868 
 and removed from Oneida to Knoxville, which was then the county seat. There 
 he filled the office of sheriff for a two years' term but in 1870 returned to Gales- 
 burg and took charge of the stock yards at this place. In 1876 his duties were 
 further extended to include the superintendency of the stock yards at Quincy, the 
 two places being under his care for many years. He also had supervision over 
 the yards at Ottumwa and at Burlington, Iowa, and over the large sheep yard at 
 Montgomery. He became recognized as one of the best judges of live stock in 
 the Mississippi valley and in connection with his activity as superintendent of 
 stock yards he also conducted an extensive rendering establishment. In fact he 
 was associated with many prominent business enterprises of this city and state, 
 was the owner of three large farms, had extensive banking interests and was also 
 connected with other business concerns. He became one of the early stockhold- 
 ers of the Farmers & Mechanics Bank and served on its directorate. He was also 
 a director of the First National Bank for many years and became one of the 
 original stockholders of the Purington Paving Brick Company, of which he 
 served as a director for several years. He was active in promoting the Gales- 
 burg Electric Motor & Power Company, took considerable stock in the enter- 
 prise and served as its president for a number of years, and also as a member 
 of its board of directors. This company purchased the old horse-car lines, in- 
 stalled electric power and after successfully conducting the system for several 
 years sold to the McKinley interests. 
 
 ^ It was on the ist of October, 1857, in this county, that Mr. Seacord was 
 united in marriage to Miss Keren L. Courtwright, who died in November, 1869, 
 leaving three children: Fred, of Galesburg; Louise, the wife of John Wilcox; 
 and De Forrest, who is familiarly known as Judd. On the 2Oth of September, 
 1883, Mr. Seacord was again married, his second union being with Mrs. Fannie 
 M. Hollowell, nee Turner, of Kansas City, who still survives him. The death 
 of Mr. Seacord occurred July 3, 1900, and in his demise the county lost one of 
 its most valued and representative citizens. His political allegiance was given 
 
: 7 HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY ' ': mi 
 
 to the republican party and he belonged also to the Masonic fraternity, exem- 
 plifying in his life the beneficent spirit of the craft. He was a man of social 
 disposition and of unfeigned cordiality, whose attractive qualities made him a 
 congenial companion. His friendship always stood the test of time and he was 
 loved by all. In fact there were few citizens in Knox county as popular and 
 highly esteemed as was Wilkins Seacord, and the death of none has been more 
 deeply deplored. 
 
 ' ; ^ c WILLIAM D. SMITH. ;t 7 '< ^v-/^^^- 
 
 William D. Smith, depot master for the Chicago, Burlington & Quincy Rail- 
 road at Galesburg, was born in Portageville, New York, August i6, 1857. He ' 
 comes of an old family of the Empire state. His grandfather was there bom 
 and became a soldier of the War of 1812. In days of peace he followed the 
 occupation of farming and was called to his final rest when in middle life. His 
 wife, Mrs. Lavina Smith, also a native of New York, long survived him and 
 died at the age of eighty-six years. They were the parents of three sons and 
 four daughters, of whom one son died in childhood. The others were Joseph, 
 Franklin, Abigail, Betsey, Louise and Laura. Of these. Franklin C. Smith was 
 the father of William D. Smith. He, too, was born in New York and was 
 reared in Wyoming county, where he practiced law for a few years. He after- 
 ward became a contractor on the Erie canal and in 1859 removed to Illinois, 
 settling in Galesburg, where he lived for two years. He next located at Oneida, 
 Illinois, where he engaged in the practice of law and also, filled the office of 
 internal revenue collector for one term. He was a soldier of the Civil war and 
 served for three years in the One Hundred and Second Illinois Volunteer In- 
 fantry, holding the rank of colonel. He made an excellent record, inspiring his 
 men with much of his loyalty, zeal and bravery. He married Sarah M. Gil- 
 bert, who was born in New York, as were her parents. Her mother was a Miss 
 Weed in maidenhood. Her father was proprietor of a hardware and tin store 
 in Portage, New York, and died in middle life, while his wife reached the age 
 of eighty-nine. Their family numbered three daughters and a son, including 
 Caroline, Sophia, Sarah and Charles. As previously stated, Sarah M. Gilbert 
 became the wife of Franklin C. Smith and unto them were born four children: 
 Anna E., now deceased, who had been married twice, her first husband being 
 Dr. Edwin Card and the second Edwin E. Terry; William D., of this review; 
 Franklin C., who passed away at the age of three years ; and Ella, who died 
 when seven years old. 
 
 William D. Smith was reared in Oneida, Illinois, between the age of four 
 and sixteen years, and attended the public schools there. Coming to Galesburg, 
 he served as brakeman and conductor in the service of the Chicago, Burlington 
 & Quincy Railroad Company from 1874 until 1887. He then went to Elgin, 
 Nebraska, where he resided until 1891, devoting his time to farming upon a 
 tract of one hundred and sixty acres which he owned. At length he sold that 
 property and returned to Galesburg, reentering the employ of the Chicago, Bur- 
 
1112 . HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY I ' 
 
 lington & Quincy Railroad Company as a brakeman. For the past twelve years 
 he has been depot master, and his long connection with the line indicates the 
 faithfulness and loyalty of his service and his capability. 
 
 In October, 1882, Mr. Smith was married to Miss Mary D. Pike, a daughter 
 of William Pike, whose wife in her maidenhood was Letitia D. Bull. They 
 were residing in the outskirts of Galesburg at the time of Mrs. Smith's birth. 
 They had come to this state from New York and her father died at Woodhull, 
 where he was proprietor of a general store. Her mother passed away in Gales- 
 burg at the age of sixty-four years. In their family were but two children, 
 Charles and Mary D. Unto Mr. and Mrs. Smith have been born four children, 
 Lx)uise D., Gilbert C., Frank C. and Stanley W., the first named a graduate of 
 the high school. Mrs. Smith belongs to the Congregational church and the 
 family are well known socially in the community. Mr. Smith is a republican in 
 his political views and conversant with the principles of the party and the lead- 
 ing questions of the day but has no ambition for office, his time and energies 
 being given to his business duties, which are always most faithfully performed. 
 
 . \;. V M. O. WILLIAMSON. - ' -^^ ^ ^ 
 
 M. O. Williamson was born on the Atlantic Ocean, July 14, 1850. while 
 his parents were on their way from Sweden to this country. They located in 
 Knox county, where since has been the family home. The father died in 1853, 
 leaving the mother with a family of six children. This family she cared for 
 until they were all grown to man and womanhood. The mother died in 1886. 
 
 When a lad of thirteen years, M. O. Williamson learned the harness trade 
 with Olson & Gray at Wataga, Illinois, serving an apprenticeship of three years, 
 and worked at the bench thereafter for twenty-five years. His educational ad- 
 vantages were limited. He attended the district school up to the age of thirteen 
 and stayed for a term of six months in the village school when seventeen years 
 of age. 
 
 Mr. Williamson was married October i8, 1871, to Mary A. Driggs, of 
 Wataga, Illinois, and there were born to them one son, who died in infancy, 
 and two daughters. Adelaide F., born May 6, 1878, married -May 13, 1902, 
 Edward Clyde Slocumb and their home is at present at Artesia, New Mexico. 
 Nellie M. was born April 22, 1883, and married May 8, 1907, H. A. Whipple, 
 her home at this time being at Galesburg, Illinois. M. O. Williamson, was 
 elected and served as town and city clerk, alderman and justice of the peace. 
 He was elected county treasurer of the county of Knox in 1886, and was elected 
 county clerk of the same county in 1890, 1894 and 1898. In 1900 he was nom- 
 inated and elected state treasurer. He was one of the organizers and is an 
 active member of the Swedish-American Republican League of the state of 
 Illinois, and was its president in 1897. In political faith, he is an earnest and 
 consistent republican. He believes in his party creed, and has done much for 
 the success of his party candidates and party principhs. In 1884 he was made 
 
M. O. WILLIAMSON 
 
1112 HISTORY OF KXOX COUNTY : 
 
 lington & Quincy Railroad Company as a l)rakeman. For the past twelve years 
 he has been depot master, and his long connection with the line indicates the 
 faithfulness and loyalty of his service and his capability. 
 
 In October. 1882. Mr. Smith was married to Miss Mary D. Pike, a daughter 
 of William Pike, whose wife in her maidenhood was Letitia D. Bull. They 
 were residing in the outskirts of Galeslmrg at the time of Mrs. Smith's birth. 
 They had come to this state from Xew York and her father died at Woodhull, 
 where he was i)ro])rietor of a general store. Her mother passed away in Gales- 
 burg at the age of sixty-four years. In their family were but two children, 
 Charles and Mary I). Unto Mr. and Mrs. Smith have been born four children, 
 Louise IX, (lilbcrt C.. Frank C. and Stanley \V., the first named a graduate of 
 the high school. Mrs. Smith belongs to the Congregational church and the 
 family are well known socially in the community. Mr. Smith is a republican in 
 his political views and conversant with the principles of the party and the lead- 
 ing (juestions of the day but has no ambition for office, his time and energies 
 being given to his business duties, which are always most faithfully performed. 
 
 M. O. WILLIAMSON. 
 
 M. O. \\'illiamson was born on the Atlantic Ocean, July 14, 1850. while 
 his parents were on their way from Sweden to this country. They located in 
 Knox county, where since has been the family home. The father died in 1853, 
 leaving the mother with a family of six children. This family she cared for 
 until they were all grown to man and womanhood. The mother died in 1886. 
 
 \\'hen a lad of thirteen years, M. O. Williamson learned the harness trade 
 with Olson ^ Ciray at \Vataga, Illinois, serving an apprenticeship of three years, 
 and worked at the bench thereafter for twenty-five years. His educational ad- 
 vantages were limited. 1 le attended the district school up to the age of thirteen 
 and stayed for a term of six months in the village school when seventeen years 
 of age. 
 
 Mr. \\'illiamson was married October i8, 1871, to Mary A. Driggs, of 
 U'ataga, Illinois, and there were born to them one son, who died in infancy, 
 and two daughters. Adelaide I'., born May 6, 1878, married '^lay 13, 1902, 
 r-'-dward Clyde Slocumb and their home is at jjresent at Artesia, New Mexico. 
 Xellie M. was born Ajjril 22, 1883, and married May 8, 1907, H. A. Whipple, 
 her home at this time being at Cialesburg, Illinois. M. O. Williamson was 
 elected and served as town and city clerk, alderman and justice of the peace, 
 lie was elected county treasurer of the county of Knox in 1886, and was elected 
 county clerk of the same county in 1890, 1894 and 1898. In 1900 he was nom- 
 inated and electe<l state treasurer. He was one of the organizers and is an 
 active member of the Swedish-American Re]:)ublican League of the state of 
 Illinois, and was its president in 1897. In political faith, he is an earnest and 
 consistent republican. I le believes in his party creed, and has done much for 
 the success of his party candidates and party princij^hs. In 1884 he was made 
 
t. WILI,IA:MS(N 
 
r> : v; - :. ; HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY 1115 
 
 secretary of the county central committee, and was either secretary or chairman 
 for twenty years. 
 
 In 1890, he with his family removed to Galesburg, Illinois which has since 
 been his home. He is a member of the Business Men's Club of Galesburg, the 
 Hamilton Club of Chicago, and is a Knight Templar Mason, an Odd Fellow, a 
 Knight of Pythias, and an Elk. He was for two years a member of the Lin- 
 coln Monument Association of Illinois, and it was during his term that the re- 
 building of the Lincoln monument at Springfield was completed, and the re- 
 mains of the martyred president were laid in their final resting place in the 
 monument. Mr. Williamson is at this time president of the People's Trust & 
 Savings Bank, of Galesburg, Illinois, one of the largest and most successful 
 financial institutions in the state outside of Chicago. 
 
 ; . .' ' GEORGE W. BROWN. :-'::^r;; : \V ^ V ;-^ 
 
 We know of no better biography of the late Hon. George W. Brown of Gales- ... 
 ; burg, the inventor of the corn planter, than the following address delivered by 7 
 ; Hon. Qark E. Carr at the formal opening of Mr. Brown's great shops in Gales- ^ 
 
 burg on September 22, 1875. >. .- 
 
 The address is copied from the Illinois Prairie Farmer in which it appeared in 
 , full. ^;; 
 
 ; "Fellow Citizens: I have prepared this paper at the request of some business 
 . men of this city, who deemed it proper that during the inaugural ceremonies now ;; 
 ; being celebrated, a brief history should be given of the invention of the com ' 
 
 planter and the founder of these great shops, Mr. George W. Brown. If Mr. 
 . Brown had his own way tonight, nothing would be said about him ; but his friends 
 
 have now the entire control of the buildings, and can say just what they please. :. 
 
 "Like most men who have conferred lasting benefits upon humanity, Mr. : 
 Brown commenced life poor. He was born in Clifton Park township, Saratoga r 
 V county. New York, on the 29th of October, 1815, and is sixty years old. He 
 V remained upon the farm where he was born until he was fourteen, when he learned 
 the carpenter's trade, in which he worked many years. He remembers distinctly. 
 : the first boat which came through the Erie canal, with Dewitt Clinton and other 
 
 distinguished persons on board, with band playing and flags flying. He worked ;- 
 : at his trade on the railroad, built from Albany to Schenectady, sixteen miles long, ; 
 
 which, when completed, was regarded as one of the triumphs of the age. This "' 
 
 was then the only railroad in the United States, except a line of about the same ^ 
 
 length, running out of Baltimore. He remembers the first trip made over the : 
 
 ; road, by a distinguished party in cars a little larger than our hacks. Of those ex- ;. 
 
 , cursionists, Thurlow Weed is the only survivor. The company owned one wheezy 
 
 little engine, named the 'John Bull.' Mr. Brown had the honor of being appointed ; 
 
 , roadmaster or trackmaster of this celebrated railroad, a position which he did not ; 
 . find to be lucrative. He was married before he was of age, to Maria Turpening. ; 
 ;=' with whom he has lived happily all of these years, and to whom he is largely in- .' 
 
 ; debted for his success. They were both members of the Methodist church, and 
 have continued their membership for over forty years. The old church which V 
 
1116 HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY . / f- 
 
 they joined on the banks of the Mohawk, in their halcyon days is still in ex- 
 istence. 
 
 "Some near relatives of the young couple had gone to Illinois, who sent back 
 glowing accounts of the prairie and of the possibilities of the future. There was 
 room for the young mechanic a chance to own a farm, make a home, establish a 
 hearth-stone ; an opportunity to become independent. Besides, was there not an 
 opportunity to build up that church and help plant the seeds of that religion to 
 which they had consecrated their lives ? They did not hesitate, but bought a team 
 and wagon, loaded all their available property, and started upon their long jour- 
 ney. It rained nearly all the way, and the roads were dreadful. Still the white, 
 covered wagon kept on ; but the driver had as much work as had the horses, lift- 
 ing and prying wheels when stuck fast in swamps and sloughs. Worn and weary 
 they reached their destination, and located in July, 1836, before many who hear 
 me were born, upon a farm near what was afterwards Tylerville, in Warren 
 county, nine miles northwest of here. At that time there was not a house on this 
 prairie. He traded his team for an eighty of land and went to work. He had a 
 log house to build for himself, and the neighbors needed the services of a car- 
 penter. For a long time he went out to work at his trade, and his wife conducted 
 the farm. There was no pine lumber here, nothing but the hard woods of our 
 groves, and it was no child's play to work them. Carpenters thoroughly appreciate 
 the difference between pine and the oak and walnut of our forests. 
 
 "Money was hard to get when ten cents a bushel was a good price for corn, 
 and three dollars a hundred a good price for pork. But where there was a will 
 there was a way, and Mr. Brown, with plow and hoe, and saw and chisel, man- 
 aged to make a living, although he laid by scarcely anything. There are many 
 houses in the neighborhoods of Shanghai and Tylerville upon which he worked. 
 He built the Alfred Brown house on this side of Henderson Grove. He also 
 worked considerably in Galesburg and Knoxville. He built the house on the cor- 
 ner opposite the Universalist and Episcopal churches, owned and occupied by 
 Mrs. Wells. He worked a winter in Knoxville, for Hon. James Knox, and built, 
 among others, the building occupied by the First National Bank of that city. 
 
 "Mr. John S. Winter, county clerk, remembers being at his house in 1846, near 
 Tylerville, a small log building. He found Mr. Brown barefooted, his only cloth- 
 ing a straw hat, hickory shirt and jean pants, literally in a brown study upon farm 
 implements. Among other implements used were cultivators, and in 1848 Mr. 
 Brown conceived the idea of turning a cultivator into a corn planter. His first 
 idea was to drop three rows at once, placing the shovels of the cultivator as wide 
 apart as he wished to have the corn rows, and boxes of corn on the beam's back 
 of the shovel, so fixed that the center of each box would be over the middle of the 
 furrows made by the shovels. A slide was so adjusted that by moving it there 
 would be an aperture at the center of the bottom of each box large enough for 
 from three to five kernels of corn to slip through, which would of course fall into 
 the middle of each furrow behind the shovels. This slide was to be operated by 
 a man walking behind the machine. He attached heavy wheels to the cultivator 
 back of the boxes, which were made of sections sawed off from logs, and which 
 would roll the ground after the corn was dropped in, filling and leveling the fur- 
 row. 
 
 "How simple all these contrivances seem now ! We naturally exclaim, 'Why, 
 
, . ;; - HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY ; - 1117 
 
 anybody can do that !' That is true, almost anybody can do it after he is shown 
 how. You remember the story of Columbus. When he was told that many men 
 had sailed to America, he called for an egg and asked any of those present to set 
 it upon the small end and make it stand. None could do it, when he took it and 
 tapping it on the table until slightly broken in, let go and it stood upright. Sev- 
 eral voices shouted, 'Why, anybody can do that.' 'Yes,' answered the great dis- 
 coverer, 'after he is shown the way.' 
 
 : "Out of these simple experiments upon a cultivator czime the perfected com 
 planter, with which two men and a team can plant from sixteen to twenty acres 
 of corn in a day. 
 
 "In the spring of 1851, -Mr. Brown made the first complete corn planter of the 
 present style, and planted corn with it the following May. Prior to that he was 
 experimenting, but it was his corn planter drop attached to a cultivator already de- 
 scribed. In 1852 he planted with his improved machine sixteen acres for himself, 
 and eight acres for Alfred Brown. That same spring he commenced the manu- 
 facture of ten machines, but, on account of poverty and embarrassments, only one 
 was completed. About this time he determined to stake all he possessed upon the 
 success of his invention. He had already sold everything about the place, includ- 
 ing his last horse, to furnish means to secure his patents. He then sold his little 
 farm for what he could get, went deeply into debt for more money, and took the 
 chances of success. Times were hard and the facilities for manufacturing poor. 
 He had no such machinery as you have seen here tonight ; but everything had to 
 be done by hand. Very soon he was so much involved that, had he been called 
 upon to pay, he would not have been worth a dollar. But he was an upright man ; 
 had a good name ; was full of enthusiasm for his new invention ; and his largest 
 creditors were willing to give him a fair trial. But he was frequently obliged to 
 pay exorbitant rates of interest sometimes from one to two per cent a month, 
 and once three per cent for one month, and a short month at that. He com- 
 menced manufacturing at Shanghai, and in 1853 completed twelve machines, one 
 of which that season planted three hundred acres of corn. In 1854 he made a 
 hundred machines, and in 1855 he made three hundred machines, after which he 
 removed to Galesburg. In 1856 he made six hundred machines, and in 1857 he 
 made a thousand machines. It is not necessary for me to give in detail the num- 
 ber of machines in detail manufactured since that time. It is enough to say that 
 last year Mr. Brown manufactured six thousand machines, and had orders which 
 came too late been a little less tardy, he would have manufactured and sold many 
 hundreds more. ! . ^; ,;^ :;.^^.^ : Vr-'c -'"^^' - . - \ ~ '' 
 
 "Everyone knew that corn could be planted with a hoe and would come up, 
 but would it grow when run through the hopper of this newfangled machine? 
 All could see that the machine would run very prettily through a field, but did it 
 leave the corn in the right places in the proper quantities ? Was it well covered, 
 and would it grow ? It was a serious matter for the manufacturers to answer these 
 questions. 
 
 "It is not necessary to go through the years of long wearisome lawsuits. , 
 Shakespeare in Hamlet's soliloquy makes the 'law's delay' an excuse for suicide, 
 and Dickens vividly protrays the miseries produced by the slow court of chan- 
 cery in the imaginary case of Jarndyce and Jarndyce. It is enough for our pur- 
 pose to state that in May, 1874, after hearing all the evidence and arguments, the 
 
1118 HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY ' ^ V. I %{- 
 
 supreme court of the United States, the highest judicial tribunal on this conti- 
 nent, declared that George W. Brown was the inventor of the corn planter. Soon 
 after this decision was announced, most of those who had been engaged in the ^ 
 manufacture of planters came forward and paid Mr. Brown a royalty upon the .''vL 
 machines they had made. . ' - 
 
 "The completion of these magnificent shops, with their monstrous capacity for /-'>'. 
 turning out corn planters, marks an era in the history of Galesburg well worthy of ''.' ' 
 inaugural ceremonies. The buildings comprise foundry, polishing rooms, black- .' -, v 
 smith shops, wheel building (they do not use logs for wheels now) and office, '; 
 besides this immense building. There are in these buildings thirty thousand 
 square feet of floors. This building with some other improvements made this ;u. 
 summer, cost sixty thousand dollars. With the present facilities, Mr. Brown can ;, .T 
 manufacture twenty thousand planters a year. I- 
 
 "I have thus as briefly as possible given a history of inventor and invention. ' ; :. 
 Concerning Mr. Brown, I would be glad to say all that is in my heart. These ' ; 
 great shops. Brown's Hotel, the Methodist Church edifice, proclaim his enterprise " 
 and public spirit more eloquently than any mere words can do. He has little of the 
 learning of schools, and no mere accomplishments; yet there are very few more :'-v, 
 competent mechanics, and he is always a gentleman. He will not be ranked as '.' 
 either statesman or philosopher; yet there are no purer patriots, nor more practi- ;; 
 cal common-sense men. He never preaches morality, but always practices it. He 
 never wrangles upon doctrine, but is always a Christian. Would that we had i^ 
 
 more such men ! Who can estimate their influence upon humanity ? Give me the ..' . 
 name, if you can, of a statesman whose whole life of lofty endeavor has given him . 
 a claim to gratitude equal to that of Johan Gutenberg, the inventor of printing. .. 
 Call to mind, if you please, a military hero whose memory humanity has so much f 
 reason to bless, as that of George Stephenson. The mighty deeds of Alexander / ;' 
 and Hannibal, of Caesar and Napoleon what are they compared with the tri- : 
 
 umphs of Galileo and Milton, of Stephenson, Fulton and Morse! |, . 
 
 "How many men during the war represented in the army McCormick's reapers ./. 
 and Brown's corn planters ; or what would have been the difference in the muster 
 rolls if wheat had been cut by cradles and the corn planted with hoes, when the 
 interest of our great armies depended upon wheat and corn? We in Galesburg /;. 
 can see how many families are fed and clothed by the seventy-five thousand dol- ; -' 
 lars paid out annually in wages by Mr. Brown and how this money finds its way > ; 
 into and stimulates every branch of business ; but who can estimate the comforts (-J/ 
 and advantages derived from this one machine in the Mississippi valley?" 1 ; . ' 
 
 The above glowing tribute is the history of George W. Brown to 1875, paid 
 to him by one of the closest observers of the economic conditions of the state of 
 Illinois and of the nation. From 1875 until 1892 Mr. Brown had active man- ; 
 
 agement of the shops. The business increased and flourished and was incorpor- : I 
 ated under the name of George W. Brown & Company. Mr. I. S. Perkins was V^ 
 general manager for a number of years. Loren Stevens was secretary, A. O. 
 Peterson was master mechanic, and James E. Brown, son of George W. Brown,' 
 was treasurer. The shop buildings were enlarged to more than double their orig- 
 inal size and a great deal of other machinery besides corn planters was manufac- 
 tumed there, such as corn shellers, rakes, cultivators, discs, and other farming ; 
 implements. During the year 1886 Mr. Brown purchased a ranch at Riverside, 
 
 
,:'.^ ;;/;; V. HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY . _ : - 1119 
 
 California, and spent a great deal of the winter months in his western home. He 
 had one of the most beautiful orange ranches in the Santa Ana valley and spared 
 neither time nor expense in putting it in shape. 
 
 Mr. Brown was always an active participant in public affairs and even in his 
 declining years did not cease to take a helpful interest in matters relative to the 
 general good. He served for one term as mayor of Galesburg and during his ad- 
 ministration the first attempts were made to establish hard-road streets. 
 
 In 1891 Mrs. Brown, who had by her loving example and industrious life and 
 her worthy counsel, assisted Mr. Brown in his brightest as well as his darkest 
 days, expired at Galesburg, surrounded by her family, consisting of Mrs. Eliza- 
 beth Perrin, Mrs. Jennie S. Cowan and James E. Brown. Her death was a sad 
 blow to Mr. Brown and apparently he never recovered from the effects. In the 
 winter time he would go, first with one daughter and then with the other, to Cali- 
 fornia, there to spend his winters, his health being very much impaired. In the 
 spring of 1895 he returned to Galesburg earlier than usual. Anxious to see the 
 old place of his early struggles in Illinois and his old friends who were living 
 near Tylerville, he took his team and buggy and drove to Tylerville. The day 
 was fair enough when he started, but before night it developed into a roaring, 
 blustering storm. Not being acclimated to such weather Mr. Brown contracted a 
 severe cold which developed into pneumonia and he died at the home of his daugh- 
 ter, Mrs. Cowan, on the 2d of June, 1895. He left surviving him an only son, 
 James E. Brown, who was manager of the Brown & Company Planter Works 
 from the withdrawal of I. S. Perkins until the death of his father, George W. 
 Brown. Immediately afterward the son went to Riverside, California, to take 
 care of the large financial interests which his father had acquired there. He pur- * 
 chased the shares of the other heirs in the property there and added three or four 
 other ranches to the holdings which his father had acquired. The surviving 
 daughters are .Mrs. M. T. Perrin, and Mrs. Jennie S. Cowan. Both live in Gales- 
 burg, surrounded by their children. 
 
 Mr. James E. Brown is residing in California now. He is a director of one of 
 the banks and a director of the La Mesa Fruit Packing Company. His wife died 
 at Galesburg in November, 1910, while they were visiting his daughter, Mrs. M. J. 
 Daugherty. Mr. Brown has two daughters living, Mrs. M. J. Daugherty and 
 Mrs. A. L. Woodill. The latter lives near her father in Riverside, California. 
 Mr. James E. Brown was for many years a director in the Galesburg National 
 Bank of Galesburg. He was a public-spirited man and although of a retiring na- 
 ture was admittedly one of Galesburg's financiers. Mrs. Cowan and Mrs. Perrin 
 have spent their lives in Galesburg and can enjoy the many incidents that George 
 W. Brown's life left in the history of the city. ;, ; , 
 
 George W. Brown was a free giver to every enterprise that came to Gales- 
 burg. He was one of the donors to the Santa Fe railroad and he liberally con- 
 tributed toward other public enterprises of all kinds. He owned two farms two 
 miles east of Galesburg and on each of them he constructed a lake. The first 
 was a small one, which he called Lake Washington, and then he constructed an- 
 other lake partly in Galesburg township and partly in Knox township, just north 
 of Main street, which he called Lake George. This lake he offered several times 
 to the city of Galesburg, together with the property surrounding it, for less than 
 what it cost him, the intention being to establish a public park there with water 
 
 Vol. 1151 . 
 
1120 HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY 
 
 supply for the city. The offer was refused. Finally the heirs sold the property to 
 the Burlington road for their water supply and they changed the name to Lake 
 Rice. It is not denied or questioned that the most public-spirited man that 
 Galesburg ever had was George W. Brown. It is further not denied or questioned 
 that George W. Brown made many valuable donations to public enterprises, espe- 
 cially to religious and educational institutions, and yet, singfular to say, with all 
 that, no place has been dedicated to his name, no effort made to assist the citizens 
 of Galesburg in preserving the memory of a man whose works for thirty years 
 contributed the largest revenues the city ever had, with the exception of the Chi- 
 cago, Burlington & Quincy Railroad. The great achievements of George W. 
 Brown in a business way will long survive his memory as a great and good citizen. 
 In the past Galesburg has failed to realize what she has lost but his name and 
 good works will be a monument to his memory for years to come. 
 
 ':'-;:-.: ;-r^^-: ...'; RILEY ROOT. ':; -'0'-"-':..,':-:'^-^.''-.:v ;^ 
 
 In the history of the pioneers of Knox county it is imperative that mention 
 be made of Riley Root who arrived at Log City in the latter part of July, 1836. 
 From that time forward until his death he was closely associated, save for a 
 brief period, with the development and progress of this part of the state. His 
 talents were varied and along many lines he displayed more than ordinary abil- 
 ity. He was an inventor whose ideas have become practical in mechanical cir- 
 cles, and he possessed talents of seemingly diverse nature in that he was a 
 musician of considerable skill and ability. His impress for good was also felt 
 along many other lines and Galesburg has reason to honor him as one of her 
 worthy and valued early settlers. He was born at Durham, Greene county, 
 New York, August 29, 1795, and passed away February 24, 1870. He was 
 descended from good old Anglo-Saxon stock, his ancestry being traced back 
 directly to John Root who emigrated to America from Badby, England, in the 
 year 1630. Ten years later he married Miss Mary Kilbourne who came to 
 America in 1635. They settled in Farmington, Connecticut, and became the 
 progenitors of the family whose representatives for many generations contin- 
 ued to reside in New England. Thomas Root, the father of Riley Root, was 
 born in Westfield, Massachusetts, September 25, 1765, and died at Camden, 
 New York, January 22, 1826. He was married in Westfield, Massachusetts, 
 February lo, 1791, to Prmcess Noble, who was born in Westfield, May 8, 1766, 
 and died at Camden, New York, April 5, 1830. At the time of their marriage 
 they removed to Durham, Greene county. New York, where Thomas Root 
 purchased a farm on which he resided until 1821. He then bought land in 
 Camden and removed to that place where he and his wife continued to reside 
 until called to their final rest. They were the parents of five children, Roland, 
 Mrs. Clarissa Phelps, Riley, Reuben and Royal. 
 
 Riley Root early developed traits of character that foreshadowed upright 
 purpose and honorable manhood. He remained with his parents upon the home 
 farm through the period of his youth and his educational advantages were 
 somewhat limited but he attended the district school as opportunity offered. 
 
^^^/^ 
 
;;^^';2 VV"^^-^ >^^^ HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY ; ;/ | 1123 
 
 V This however, did not satisfy his thirst for knowledge. So anxious was he to 
 :s- increase his fund of information that, in an age when books were very scarce : 
 ' he kept a dictionary on the mantel and utilized every spare moment in poring ,' 
 /' over its pages. He thus stored his mind with many valuable bits of knowledge .; 
 . and such was his mental power that he was able to systematize these and use 
 ! the information at will. In early youth he was a pupil in the Westfield 
 (Mass.) Academy for a time, there preparing for teaching and also pursuing a 
 
 course in surveying. For many years he taught school and displayed particu- /;: 
 /^ .^ lar ability in imparting readily and clearly to others the knowledge he had ,' 
 ' acquired. In 1821 he purchased a farm at Camden, New York, and resided '^ 
 . thereon until 1836 but spent much time in the interim in surveying in addition 
 ' ; to performing the work of the fields. In 1835, when a company was organized 
 for the purpose of building a college town in what was then considered the far 
 ;: west, he became one of the number and in the latter part of July, 1836, arrived y 
 at Log City, Knox county, Illinois. Possessing expert mechanical ability he aided 
 
 V in erecting the first house in Galesburg and also assisted largely in the building - 
 V of the old First church. In 1837 he procured some big stones and at his own 
 
 ; fireside, with the aid of only a small chisel and hammer, he shaped these into 
 , millstones. Then in company with another, he erected a horse-power gristmill, - 
 and thus furnished the only means for the colonists within a radius of fifty v. 
 miles to get their grain ground until a waterpower mill, known as Olmstead's :\ ^ 
 '. mill, near Monmouth, was erected. He continued an active factor in the work > ' 
 .', of progress and development here until April, 1848, when, in company with 
 ;!: others, he traveled in a train of twenty-five wagons drawn by oxen, overland ; ,: 
 : for Oregon, arriving at his destination in the autumn. In the following spring ' 
 
 he went to California where gold had just been discovered. He remained for 
 ; some time searching for the precious metal but ill health forced him to return : 
 / home and taking the route via the Isthmus of Panama and New Orleans he . 
 ;: arrived in Knox county on the 8th of January, 1850, being the first man to '/ 
 ' return from the gold fields of California. Upon his return he wrote a book 
 
 concerning his travels, giving a graphic account of the trip and a description : 
 .' ; ; of the processes of mining gold on the Pacific coast. He possessed considerable f 
 : literary ability and in 1866 he wrote a treatise on musical philosophy and made ; 
 A a keyboard to illustrate the transposition of the scale. He was very fond of 
 . ; music and during his later years devoted much time to the study of the art. He 
 
 . was recognized as a musician of much more than ordinary skill although he 
 
 ;; shrank from appearing in public as an interpreter of the art. With only the ' - 
 simple tools at his command he made, working at his own fireside a violin of -.; 
 ;x such excellent tone and quality that it was purchased by one of Galesburg's 
 ' leading musicians. His skill along mechanical lines was variously shown and ;\: 
 . he gave to the world a number of valuable inventions. In 1857 he secured a 
 : <. patent for the first rotary fan blower a machine for clearing the snow from 
 the railroad tracks. The device proved successful beyond his expectations, but . 
 through lack of funds he was unable to demonstrate its usefulness to the -V 
 . skeptical public and the officials of the new railroad enterprise who could not 
 . grasp the importance of such a machine. The patent therefore was allowed to 
 V^ expire. Later the efficiency of his invention became apparent to officials of 
 
 ':, western roads, and today his principle is employed in the machines for clearing 
 
1124 ; HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY 'l '' 
 
 the tracks where the greatest snow blockades occur. About the time he was 
 perfecting his snow plow he secured the patent on a device for holding a spirit 
 level in surveying, besides a number of other patents of value. He ordered made 
 the first glass fruit jars ever used. They were closed with corks and sealed 
 with wax and held four and six quarts. He also devised a magfnetic battery 
 and took magnetic treatments in his own home. Whenever he realized a need it 
 seemed he could meet it by reason of his superior inventive skill and ingenuity. 
 
 On the 7th of October, 1821, Mr. Root was united in marriage to Miss Lavinia 
 Butler who was born at Durham, New York, April 9, 1803, and died at Camden 
 that state on the 25th of June, 1834. Five children were born to them but only 
 two, Dency Elizabeth and Clarissa Noble, reached years of maturity. During 
 his later years Mr. Root lived a more retired life, dividing his time between his 
 two daughters. To him was accorded the precious prize of keen mentality to the 
 last, and his physical powers were also but slightly impaired in the closing years 
 of his life. In 1870 he walked two miles on a bitter cold day, notwithstanding 
 the protest of his daughters, to obtain castings for a steel sphere to be magnetized 
 a work which had not then been accomplished. He contracted a severe cold 
 which brought on pneumonia and he passed away three days later. I-'. "' 
 
 Mr. Root was always a man of retired disposition and of few words. He 
 spent his leisure in research along many scientific lines and remained a student 
 to the last. Few college-bred men possessed as comprehensive a knowledge 
 of scientific laws and principles, and in addition, Mr. Root was a man of more 
 than ordinary literary attainments. During his travels, which covered many sec-; 
 tions of the country, he gathered many choice curios and rare geological speci- 
 mens. Although more than four decades have passed since he was called from 
 this life it is well known that his contributions to the world's work were valuable, 
 and some of these have not yet reached their full fruition. As the pioneer in- 
 ventor of the rotary snow plow, who can measure how great is the influence and re- 
 sult of his work or who can estimate how much suffering as well as delay in time 
 has been prevented by the use of this device which he brought forth ? His investi- 
 gation and researches along scientific lines were ever a stimulus to others. Dijath 
 gives the perspective which places man in his true relations with his fellows 
 and his age, and in this instance indicates clearly how far reaching in its efforts 
 was the life of one of Galesburg's most honored pionee;rs. 
 
 :'.;;;;''""'" .^'-. FRANK E. JOHNSON. ; ;'-v;-:/^ .v'V, .:.;'; \^ 
 
 Frank E. Johnson, proprietor of the Johnson Fuel Company located at 646 
 Chambers street, Galesburg, was born in this city on the 7th of March, 1868. 
 His parents were Andrew F. and Anna (Peterson) Johnson, both natives of 
 Westergotland, Sweden. There the father, whose birth occurred on Christmas 
 day, 1823, learned the carpenter's trade and he also served in the Swedish army. 
 Both parents emigrated to the United States in 1852, locating in Galesburg, 
 where they were subsequently married. Andrew F. Johnson was a skilled 
 mechanic, and for many years was successfully engaged in carpentry work and 
 contracting, thus acquiring a competence that enabled him to spend his latter 
 
FRAXIv E. JOHNSON 
 
1124 /; HISTORY OF KXOX COUNTY 
 
 the tracks where the greatest snow blockades occur. About the time he was 
 l^erfecting his snow plow he secured the patent on a device for holding a spirit 
 level in surveying, besides a number of other patents of value. He ordered made 
 the first glass fruit jars ever used. They were closed with corks and sealed 
 with wax and held four and six quarts. He also devised a magnetic battery 
 and took magnetic treatments in his own home. \\'henever he realized a need it 
 seemed he could meet it by reason of his superior inventive skill and ingenuity. 
 
 On the "th of October. i(S2i, Mr. Root was united in marriage to Miss Lavinia 
 Butler who was born at Durham, Xew York. April 9. 1803. and died at Camden 
 that state on the 25th of June. 1834. Five children were bom to them but only 
 two. Dency IClizabeth and Clarissa Xoble. reached years of maturity. During 
 his later years Mr. Root lived a more retired life, dividing his time between his 
 two daughters. To him was accorded the precious prize of keen mentality to the 
 last, and his physical powers were also but slightly impaired in the closing years 
 of his life. In 1870 he walked two miles on a bitter cold day, notwithstanding 
 the protest of his daughters, to obtain castings for a steel sphere to be magnetized 
 a work which had not then been accomplished. He contracted a severe cold 
 which brought on pneumonia and he passed away three days later. . : I 
 
 Mr. Root was always a man of retired disposition and of few words. He 
 spent his leisure in research along many scientific lines and remained a student 
 to the last. I'^ew college-l)red men possessed as comjjrehensive a knowledge 
 of scientific laws and principles, and in addition. Mr. Root was a man of more 
 than ordinary literary attainments. During his travels, which covered many sec- 
 tions of the country, he gathered many choice curios and rare geological speci- 
 mens. Although more than four decades have i)assed since he was called from 
 this life it is well known that his contributions to the \\ orkl's work were valualile, 
 and some of these have not yet reached their full fruition. As the pioneer in- 
 ventor of the rotary snow plow, who can measure how great is the influence and re- 
 sult of his work or who can estimate how much suffering as well as delay in time 
 has been prevented by the use of this device which he brought forth? His investi- 
 gation and researches along scientific lines were ever a stimulus to others. Death 
 gives the perspective which places man in his true relations with his fellows 
 and his age. and in this instance indicates clearly how far reaching in its efforts 
 was the life of one of Galesburg's most honored pioneers. 
 
 .! ; FRANK E. JOHXSOX. 
 
 Frank E. Johnson, proprietor of the Johnson Fuel Company located at 646 
 Chambers street, (ialesburg. was born in this city on the jth of March, 1868. 
 His parents were Andrew F. and Anna (Peterson) Johnson, both natives of 
 Westergotland, Sweden. There the father, whose birth occurred on Christmas 
 day, 1823, learned the carpenter's trade and he also served in the Swedish army. 
 Roth parents emigrated to the United States in 1852, locating in Galesburg. 
 where they were subse(|uently married. Andrew F. Johnson was a skilled 
 mechanic, and for many years was successfully engaged in carpentry work and 
 contracting, thus acquiring a competence that enabled him to spend his latter 
 
FRANK K. .lOIlNSDN 
 
^'>-^: ;K ; ;;; HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY 1127 
 
 days in retirement. He passed away in November, 1899, at the age of almost sev- 
 enty-six years. Both parents held membership in the Swedish Lutheran church, 
 which the father erected in 1868, and for many years, he was one of its officers. 
 In his political views he was a republican. The family of Mr. and Mrs. Johnson 
 numbered four, of whom our subject is the youngest. The others were as fol- 
 lows: Charles F., who is deceased; Tillie M., who is at home; and Oscar F., 
 who died in infancy. 
 
 The education of Frank E. Johnson was begun in the public schools and 
 completed by a commercial course in Brown's Business College. After laying 
 aside his text-books, he worked with his father at the carpenter's trade for seven 
 years, and then entered the employ of the Simpson Lumber Company. For 
 fifteen years he held the position of manager of the latter enterprise, and 
 during that time he bought out the business he is now conducting, which was 
 founded by Cline & Shaw. In 1908 he gave up his position with the lumber 
 company and has ever since given his undivided attention to the development of 
 his fuel business. It has made a very substantial growth since he undertook 
 its management three years ago, and gives the most gratifying assurance of 
 prospering. He carries both hard and soft coal as well as coke and wood and 
 every other variety of fuel, maintaining both a wholesale and retail depart- 
 ment. Mr. Johnson is the type of man who niakes anything he undertakes 
 succeed, having not only the enterprise and industry but the determination of 
 purpose that refuses to recognize defeat. . ^ 
 
 In this city on the 6th of October, 1896, Mr. Johnson was united in marriage 
 to Miss J. Pauline Anderson, a daughter of Hans and Hannah Anderson, and 
 they have become the parents of two daughters, Helen Frances and Ruth Mar- 
 garet. . ' I- ; 
 
 Both Mr. and Mrs. Johnson are members of the First Swedish Lutheran 
 church. His fraternal relations are with the order of Odd Fellows and the 
 Benevolent Protective Order of Elks. His connections with organizations of 
 a more purely social nature are confined to the Galesburg and Country Clubs, 
 while he keeps in touch with his fellow business men through the medium of 
 the Retail Merchants Association. His political support is given to the repub- 
 lican party, but he has never sought public honors, preferring to give his entire 
 time and attention to the promotion of his business interests. The Johnson Fuel 
 Company was founded on the 4th of July, 1903, and its development must be 
 entirely attributed to his clear judgment, sagacity and unceasing effort. 
 
 '-' -;--': THOMAS McCLELLAND, D. D., LL. D. ^ ^ ^.:;;V-.\ 
 
 ; Thomas McClelland, D. D., LL. D., was called to the presidency of Knox 
 
 ; College in 1900. He has sustained during his administration its high reputation 
 
 : it being one of the oldest colleges in the state. He was born in Quilly, County 
 
 Derry, Ireland, May i, 1846. His parents were William and Margaret (Smiley) 
 
 McClelland, the former a teacher of considerable experience. The family on both 
 
 sides comes of Scotch ancestry. 
 
 < Doctor McClelland was only three years of age when brought by his parents 
 ' to the new world. He early displayed special aptitude in his studies and his 
 
1128 HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY ^^;^;:.v.;v '; 
 
 fondness for learning led him to continue his education beyond the public schools. v, 
 He prepared for college in Denmark Academy, Denmark, Iowa, and was gradu- ' - y 
 ated from Oberlin College in 1875 with the degree of Bachelor of Arts. Eight ' - : 
 years later, his alma mater conferred upon him the degree of Master of Arts. In >; ,;: 
 the meantime, he had been a student in the Oberlin Theological Seminary in . 
 1876-7, and in the Union Theological Seminary, in 1877-8, and in 1880, he was ^ 
 graduated from the Andover (Mass.) Theological Seminary, having thus thor- '.,. - 
 oughly qualified for the ministry. However, his work has been mostly done in the 
 college class room, rather than in the pulpit. In 1880, he accepted the position of 
 professor of philosophy at Tabor College, where he remained until 1891. In the 
 fall of that year, he became president of the Pacific University of Oregon, where J> 
 he continued until 1900. In September of the latter year, he was called to the . ; 
 presidency of Knox College. During his administration, the college has made most ; 
 gratifying progress, both in its educational standing and in its material and finan- .. 
 cial resources. ' ' I ' . 
 
 - On the i9th of August, 1880, in Denmark, Iowa, Doctor McQelland was mar- ; ;t 
 ried to Miss Harriet C. Day and by this union three children were born to . 
 them, Kellogg Day, Cochran Bruce and Ruth Marjory. . 
 
 Doctor McClelland has become widely known in educational circles. In 1891, ' .- 
 Tabor College conferred upon him the degree of Doctor of Divinity. In 1905, 
 the University of Illinois honored him with the degree of Doctor of Law. He ' 
 has been a trustee of the Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teach- 
 ing since its establishment in 1905. ,. , 
 
 CHARLES ALFRED HINCKLEY. '^ : , f 
 
 Charles Alfred Hinckley at one time lived on a farm that embraced the dis- 
 trict between Seminary and Chambers streets in Galesburg and north of Grove 
 street and the fields which he once cultivated are converted into a thickly popu- 
 lated and splendidly improved district of that city. With the history of Knox 
 county from pioneer times he was closely associated, arriving here in 1846 the 
 year in which he attained his majority. He was born January 23, 1825, in 
 Meredith, Delaware county. New York, and was descended from Samuel Hinck- 
 ley, who came of good English stock, and was born at Tenderden, in the county 
 of Kent, England, in 1595. He brought his family to the new world, accompanied 
 by Nathaniel Tilden, an ancestor of Governor Samuel J. Tilden, of political 
 fame. They embarked on the sailing ship Hercules, a vessel of two hundred 
 tons, in 1634, sailing from Sandwich, the seaport of Kent, and several months 
 later reached Boston, taking up their abode at Scituate, about twenty miles 
 from Boston. Later they removed to Barnstable, where the parents died. Their 
 youngest son was John Hinckley. the founder of the branch of the family to 
 which Charles A. Hinckley, of Galesburg. belonged. He settled in Stonington, 
 Connecticut. Mrs. Hannah (Wheeler) Hinckley, the grandmother of Charles A. 
 Hinckley, was a descendant of John Howland, of the Plymouth colony. Alfred 
 Hinckley, the father of Charles A. Hinckley, was born in Berne, Albany county. 
 New York, December 6, 1799, and died at Galesburg, March lo, 1888, He fpl- 
 
HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY - ^^ - 1129 
 
 lowed agricultural pursuits and also conducted a sawmill in New York. In that 
 state he married Eliza Stanley Van Devort, who was born in Cork, Ireland, 
 June 25, 1797, and died in Galesburg, March 4, 1874. Mrs. Hinckley had been 
 brought to America by her parents in 1799, when about two years of age. The 
 voyage, undertaken by a sailing vessel, was a stormy one and it was feared that 
 they would not reach their destination. During one severe storm the mother 
 put her two little daughters in a wooden chest and locked them in so that in case 
 the boat sunk they would not be devoured by sharks. Mrs. Hinckley was reared 
 in the Empire state and in Delaware county, March 23, 1824, gave her hand in 
 marriage to Alfred Hinckley. The year 1846 witnessed their removal to Illinois, 
 at which time they settled on a farm south of Knoxville, but later removed to 
 Galesburg. In their family were six children, Charles Alfred, Mary Eliza, 
 George Wheeler, William Stanley, Francis Edward and Harriette Amelia. Of 
 these Mary E. and George W. are still living. 
 
 Like many other boys of his day the opportunities which Charles Alfred 
 Hinckley had for obtaining an education were quite limited. He spent the 
 three months' winter term as a pupil in the district schools while the remainder 
 of the year was devoted to hauling logs to his father's sawmill or to the work 
 of the farm. When sixteen or seventeen years of age he secured the position 
 of driver on the towpath of the Erie canal. When twenty years of age, in com- 
 pany with his sister Mary he journeyed westward to Illinois, with Knoxville as 
 his destination. For a time he lived with his uncle, W. H. Holcomb, where he 
 proved his usefulness in doing any tasks that were assigned him. For his labor 
 he received the munificent sum of nine dollars per month, a sum paid him in 
 provisions for the family when they arrived in Illinois the following spring. 
 During the winter of 1845-6 he carried the mail on horseback from Princeton 
 to Macomb. The winter was severe with deep snow, artd it was not an easy 
 task to follow the trail over the unbroken prairie, many times through l>linding 
 snow storms. The following spring he rented a farm south of Knoxville and thus 
 had a home in readiness for his parents and the other members of the family 
 upon their arrival in June. In 1849 they removed to Galesburg, renting what 
 was then known as the Kellogg farm, situated between Seminary and Chambers 
 streets and north of Grove street. The old barn which they used still remains in 
 about the middle of the block. In 1852 the family purchased from the trustees 
 of Knox College a quarter section in the northeast part of the city. In 1857 he 
 arranged to buy out the interests of the others of the family in that property 
 and they removed to a farm across the street to the west, leaving Charles A. 
 Hinckley in possession of the farm upon which he lived until his death, on the 
 I5th of October, 1910. It was not an easy task to make payments upon the 
 place and carry on the work of improvement. ]\Iany were the vicissitudes, 
 struggles and trials, but with the encouragement and aid of his wife, who was 
 judicious in management, far-seeing and helpful, he paid for the original farm 
 and added something to the first purchase. ' 
 
 It was in Galesburg, on the I7th of March, i86i, that Mr. Hinckley was 
 married to Miss Clarissa N. Root, the wedding ceremony being performed by 
 the Rev. Kingsbury of the First Baptist church. Mrs. Hinckley is the daughter 
 of Riley and Lavinia (Butler) Root, and was born in Camden, New York, 
 November 22, 1831. She is one of the few survivors of the founders of Gales- 
 
1130 ^ HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY .;.,.- 
 
 burg and is at present the only living member in Galesburg of that memorable 
 canal boat party that came from New York to Illinois by water, the trip 
 extending over a period of three months through the heated season of the year, 
 being terminated when they reached Log City, August 2, 1836. Her father, 
 Riley Root, was born August 29, 1795, and died February 24, 1870. He was of 
 good old English stock, being a descendant of John Root, the emigrant ancestor 
 who came to America in 1630. The wife of Riley Root was born April 9, 1803, 
 and passed away June 25, 1834. Five daughters were born of their marriage 
 but only two, Dency E. and Clarissa N., reached maturity. The father was a 
 mechanic and inventor of rare ability, bringing out a number of valuable inven- 
 tions, the most important of which was a rotary fan blower, a machine for clear- 
 ing the snow from the railroad tracks. The device proved successful but for lack 
 of funds he was unable to demonstrate its usefulness to the skeptical public 
 and officials of a new railroad enterprise, and the patent was allowed to expire. 
 Later its efficiency was noted by officials of the western roads and today the prin- 
 ciple which he used is employed in machines for clearing the tracks where the 
 greatest snow blockades occur. In 1837 Mr. Root cut millstones and built a 
 horse-power grist mill which was the only mill within a radius of fifty miles 
 until the erection of Olmstead's water-power mill near Monmouth, Illinois. The 
 Root mill was a great convenience to the settlers, being chiefly used to grind 
 corn and sorghum. Mr. Root also assisted in erecting the first house built in 
 the city of Galesburg and in other ways took a most active and helpful part in 
 promoting public progress and in laying the foundation for the city's present 
 prosperity. 
 
 Mr. and Mrs. Hinckley became the parents of four children : Pluma E. ; Mrs. 
 Ada P. Chapman ; Arthur E. ; and Alice G. Lavinia, who departed this life 
 February 20, 1904. In his political views Mr. Hinckley was a republican from 
 the time of the organization of the party. His first vote had been cast for 
 General Zachary Taylor. He joined the First Baptist church of Galesburg on 
 its organization and at his death was its oldest member. Both the Hinckley and 
 the Root families have taken a very active and helpful part in matters relating 
 to general progress and improvement in Galesburg and Knox county, and no 
 history of this section would be complete without according to them due recog- 
 nition of what has been done in laying the foundations for the present develop- 
 ment of this part of the state. 
 
 '''-:--. ://'--'':'^'--'i.--?-'': .''' JOSEPH THIRLWELL. 
 
 When keen business judgment supplements tireless labor the result is 
 certain. Those qualities were dominant factors in the life of Joseph Thirl- 
 well and gradually he worked his way upward in the business world to a 
 place of distinction. He was born at Combhill, Northumberland, England, July 
 '' 5, 1827, a son of John and Ruth Thirlwell. The father died in England after 
 . which the mother married again and with her son Joseph came to America, 
 ' settling in Galesburg. They landed on American shores on the 4th of July, 
 ': 1849, and made their way direct to Knox county. . 
 
^/..>.// .^////...// 
 
:>:";:> HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY > :?;:^ 1133 
 
 In the meantime Joseph Thirlwell had obtained a fair education in the com- 
 mon schools of his native town and had learned the stone mason's trade. After 
 arriving in Galesburg he purchased a farm that now lies in the outskirts of the 
 city and was a part of the college grant land. In addition to the cultivation of 
 his fields he worked at his trade, building culverts on the land of the Chicago, 
 Burlington & Quincy Railroad, then in the course of construction. He also 
 worked on various buildings in Galesburg. He was a natural mechanic and very 
 efficient in all tasks of a ipechanical nature. Whatever he did was characterized 
 by thoroughness and this was one of the elements that brought him success. His 
 first house on his farm was of frame but he later erected one of brick and that 
 still stands. Mr. Thirlwell burned the brick for his second building, and he did 
 much to further the work of improvement upon his homestead. He was very 
 thrifty, had keen business judgment and was possessed of unfaltering industry. 
 As the years passed he became interested in investments and speculation and 
 amassed a fortune. His opinion of the value of a business proposition was 
 usually sound. He seemed to know where the most advantageous investments 
 could be made and time proved the wisdom of his opinions. When he passed 
 away he had many financial interests and was a director of the First National 
 Bank and the Farmers & Mechanics Bank, both of Galesburg. He lived and 
 died on the farm which he purchased on his removal to Knox county, having in 
 the meantime brought it to a high state of cultivation. For years it was the 
 "first premium" farm of the county and also won the cash prize and gold medal 
 at the Illinois State Fair. 
 
 In 1876, at Newcastle-upon-Tyne, England, Mr, Thirlwell was married to 
 Miss Charlotte Bullman of England, who died April 23, 1891. The following 
 year Mr. Thirlwell wedded Miss Caroline Giddings of Galesburg and for nine 
 years they traveled life's journey happily together, being separated by the death 
 of Mr. Thirlwell on the I4th of Felpruary, 1901. In politics he was a republican 
 and fraternally was connected with the Masons. He was domestic in his tastes 
 and loved his home and fireside, spending his happiest hours there. While he had 
 membership in no church he was actuated in all he did by high principles and 
 was a liberal giver to all denominations. He also gave generously to charitable 
 organizations and to the needy individual, in fact, his hand was ever outreaching 
 in aid and sympathy to those in distress, and in matters of citizenship he was 
 public spirited, seeking ever the welfare and best interests of the community ; 
 in a word, he stood for helpfulness and for progress and he accomplished much 
 good in the span of life allotted him which covered almost seventy-four years. 
 
 ; = : / ^: ;- CHARLES WESLEY LEFFINGWELL, D. D. ' ^ -^^-V v^ ; : 
 
 '.,' -.-.-.* :-''-. 
 
 Although Dr. Charles W. Leffingwell has since 1908 made his home in Pasa- 
 dena, California, he yet gives a portion of his time to St. Mary's school at Knox- 
 ville, of which he was the founder and of which he still continues rector. More- 
 over, he was an honored citizen of Knox county for forty years and his life's 
 labors have constituted an important chapter in its history. A man of scholarly 
 
1134 HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY -7 ::'^-v 
 
 attainments, whose talents have been devoted to the work of assisting and in- 
 structing his fellowmen along intellectual and moral lines, his influence has been 
 of no restricted order, for from the platform and through the press he has left 
 the impress of his thought and purpose upon the lives of many. He was born in 
 Ellington, Connecticut, December 5, 1840, a son of Lyman and Sarah Chapman 
 (Brown) Leffingwell, both of whom were natives of Connecticut and were repre- 
 sentatives of old families of that state. The father was a descendant of Lieuten- 
 ant Thomas Leffingwell, a leader in the colony which settled in Norwich, Connec- 
 ticut, about 1637. 
 
 Although born in New England, Dr. Leffingwell spent a portion of his youth 
 in Knox county and was graduated from Knox College in Galesburg with the class 
 of 1862. In recognition of the excellent work which he had done in connection 
 with the ministry his alma mater conferred upon him the Doctor of Divinity degree 
 in 1875. Ere he pursued his college course he took up the profession of teaching 
 and was principal of the Galveston Academy in 1859-60. He also served as dep- 
 uty surveyor of Galveston county. Following his graduation from Knox College 
 he became military instructor in the Poughkeepsie Military Institute, where he 
 remained from 1862 until 1865. In the meantime he had determined to enter 
 upon the active work of the ministry and was graduated at the Nashotah Theo- 
 logical Seminary with the class of 1867. The same year he was ordained deacon 
 and priest and was assigned to the position of assistant minister of St. James 
 church in Chicago. The following year he founded St. Mary's school at Knox- 
 ville, Illinois, with which he has been more or less actively connected to the pres- 
 ent time. He has also been rector of the school since 1868. Along varied and 
 constantly broadening lines his usefulness has extended and in many fields of 
 labor his work has been a vital element for moral and intellectual progress. He 
 was connected with St. Alban's school in 1890 and for twenty-one years he was 
 editor and publisher of The Living Church, a paper published weekly in Chicago 
 to further the interests of his denomination. In every possible way he has pro- 
 moted the growth and extended the influence of his church, being an active factor 
 in its organized and in its individual efforts. He has been president of the stand- 
 ing committee of the diocese of Quincy (111.) since its organization in 1878 and 
 has been deputy to the general convention since 1877. He has also been secretary 
 and treasurer of Jubilee College, rector of St. Alban's school since 1890 and vis- 
 itor of St. Martha's school of Knoxville. He is likewise a trustee of the Western 
 Theological Seminary at Chicago and is a lecturer on church history in the Train- 
 ing School for Deaconesses in Los Angeles, California. He has likewise proved 
 himself a capable business man in connection with more material interests, being 
 the president of the Leffingwell Rancho, Inc., of Whittier, in California. Along 
 the lines of general progress and improvement he has likewise been active and 
 especially in the fields of scientific investigation. He is a member of the Ameri- 
 can Geographical Society, the Chicago Geographic Society, the National Geo- 
 graphic Society and the Archaeological Institute of America. 
 
 In 1862, at Westfield, New York, Dr. Leffingwell was united in marriage to 
 Miss Elizabeth Francis, daughter of John Francis, who came from Kent, Eng- 
 land, to the new world. The children of this marriage are: Charles Warring, 
 who married Virginia Rowland, and resides in Pasadena, California ; Ernest De 
 Kovin, an Arctic explorer ; Hortense Nesbit, the wife of Harlan R. Wilson ; Ger- 
 
HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY ; . : ' 1135 
 
 trude, the wife of Dr. John Walter Vaughan ; and Alice, who became the wife of 
 I>r. John T. Binkley, of Chicago, and died leaving one child, Madeline, who is 
 now living with her grandparents. As stated. Dr. Leffingwell now makes his home 
 in Pasadena, California, although his various duties, interests and activities call 
 him frequently elsewhere. He belongs to the Valley Hunt Qub of Pasadena 
 and the Annandale Country Qub, but he also still holds membership in the Uni- 
 versity Club and the Church Qub of Chicago and in the Galesburg and Kiiox- 
 ville City Clubs. It would be tautological in this connection to enter into any 
 series of statements showing Dr. Leffingwell to be a man of broad intelligence and 
 genuine public spirit, for these have been shadowed forth between the lines of 
 this review. Strong in his individuality, he never lacks the courage of his convic- 
 tions but there are as dominating elements in his individuality a lively human 
 sympathy and an abiding charity, which, as taken in connection with the sterling 
 integrity and honor of his character, have naturally gained for him the respect 
 and confidence of men. . .. , , . 
 
 ' : ; : PROFESSOR NEHEMIAH H. LOSEY. :> 'JV =;, v' 
 
 Thirty-seven years have passed since Professor Nehemiah H. Losey was called 
 from this life, and yet Galesburg will never cease to honor his memory because 
 his work lives on in the lives of those who came under his teachings and those 
 who have benefited by the instruction received in Knox College, of which he was 
 one of the founders and promoters. He was born in Orange county. New York, 
 in 1804, and was graduated from Middlebury College, Vermont, in that city, with 
 the class of 1830. Taking up the profession of teaching as a life work, he was con- 
 nected with the Potsdam (N. Y.) Academy for a time and subsequently became a 
 teacher in Whitesboro, New York. While in the latter place he became interested 
 in the project instituted by the Rev. Dr. Gale for founding and endowing a 
 Christian college in the then far west. He became one of the incorporators 
 of Knox College and a lifelong member of its board of trustees. For seventeen 
 years he was secretary of the board and for eleven years was its treasurer. He 
 came to Illinois in the early summer of the year 1836 and surveyed and laid out 
 the town of Galesburg. He then returned to Michigan for his family and in the 
 fall again reached Knox county and opened a school at Log City, Henderson 
 Grove, with Miss Lucy Gay as his assistant. In that school both the common 
 and classical branches were taught and this constituted the real foundation of 
 Knox College. In connection with his school duties he served as -the town's 
 first postmaster, being appointed in 1837 and acting in that capacity for four 
 years. He remained as principal of the academy until college courses were 
 organized and introduced, at which time he was elected to the chair of mathe- 
 matics and natural philosophy, which position he held until the year i86i, when 
 failing health compelled him to resign. During the earlier years of the school 
 he also filled the chair of physics and chemistry and the progress of the school 
 is indicative of the excellent work which he did in collaboration with the other 
 teachers of the institution. He ever held to high ideals in his work, was pro- 
 gressive in his methods and kept in touch with the advancement continuously 
 being made in the teachers profession. . ,.:-... : .:;- - , : . . \v 
 
1136 ; HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY 
 
 Soon after resigning Professor Losey returned to New York, where he resided 
 for three years, and then again came to Galesburg. He was elected to the office 
 of treasurer of the college, which position he filled to the time of his death in 
 June, 1875. 
 
 His political allegiance was given to the republican party and his religious 
 faith was that of the Presbyterian church. He. was one of the first in the Upper 
 Mississippi valley to plant the seeds of higher civilization. When Chicago was 
 struggling to maintain its place as a thriving village he was engaged in the 
 organization and conduct of a school that in the scope of its work and influence 
 should be equal to the older institutions of similar character in the east. Knox 
 College stands as a monument to the labors of such men and its hundreds of 
 alumni pay tributes of respect and honor to his memory. He was a man of 
 high ideals, broad culture and a teacher of eminent ability. Although retiring 
 in disposition, he was ever genial and amiable, was conscientious in the discharge 
 ; - of his duties and ever stood as a high type of the Christian gentleman. 
 
 ; r-.M CHARLES H. MATHEWS. '..ci'-'^-^!^.i'.'-:, 
 
 To accomplish what one undertakes, to believe that one's capacities and 
 powers are equal to his opportunities, to avail oneself of the advantages 
 near at hand all these things indicate the innate strength of the individual and 
 are the measure of his success. Prominent among those who have occupied 
 foremost positions in the ranks of Galesburg's business men and who have 
 attained a notable measure of prosperity, at the same time commanding the 
 respect and honor of those with whom they have had dealings, was Charles 
 H. Mathews whp was born in Schenectady, New York, February i, 1823. 
 His parents, John and Letitia (Humphrey) Mathews, were born, reared and 
 married in County Tyrone, Ireland, and after the birth of their first child they 
 came to America, settling at Schenectady, New York, where the father followed 
 merchandising for many years. He died in 1871. 
 
 In the common schools of his native city Charles H. Mathews pursued his 
 education, but his father met with financial reverses and the boy began earning 
 his own livelihood by clerking in a store in Schenectady when thirteen years of 
 age. Later he went to New York city where he engaged in business on his own 
 account for several years. He then returned to his native city where he estab- 
 lished a l^rge dry-goods business which he conducted successfully until 1856. 
 His interests were constantly broadening in scope and volume, and believing 
 that there were still better opportunities in the middle west he came in 1856 to 
 Galesburg where he engaged in merchandising until 1864. The following year 
 he became identified with the First National Bank of the city but in the autumn 
 of 1865 he returned to Schenectady where he remained, retired from business, 
 until 1874. His Galesburg interests having grown to large proportions he re- 
 turned here and again entered the dry-goods business from which he finally 
 retired in January, i88i. So wisely, capably and carefully were his interests 
 directed that he amassed a fortune and had become the richest man in Gales- 
 burg at the time of his death which occurred on the I2th of March, 1883. Dif- 
 

 
HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY 1139 
 
 ficulties and obstacles never seemed to cause any great mental disturbance with 
 him ; he seemed to find ,a way out of any dilemma^ such as one continually con- 
 fronts in a business career and gradually he advanced to a point where his suc- 
 cess made him one of the foremost business men in Galesburg. He always fol- 
 lowed constructive methods, never taking advantage of the necessities of an- 
 other, and his straightforward dealing and enterprise gained him not only pros- 
 perity but the high regard and honor of his fellow townsmen. 
 
 On the i8th of October, 1855, in Amsterdam, New York, Mr. Mathews was 
 married to Miss Eliza Sheldon, a daughter of Alexander Sheldon, for many 
 years a distinguished member of the Albany bar. He married Miss Jackson and 
 died in Amsterdam, New York, in 1860. Mr. and Mrs. Mathews became the 
 parents of five children: Alice, now deceased; Letitia; Charles H., who has also 
 passed away; Mary; and Annie W., who is the wife of J. Grant Beadle of 
 Galesburg. 
 
 ': Mr. Mathews gave his political allegiance to the republican party but never 
 sought the rewards of office in recognition of party fealty. He died in Gales- 
 burg, March 12, 1883, and a life of great activity and usefulness was thus ended. 
 Many years have since come and gone but his memory is cherished by those who 
 knew him and all students of history recognize the part he played in the up- 
 building and development of this section. It was a far step from his starting 
 point in a humble clerkship at the age of thirteen years to his later position as a 
 foremost citizen of Galesburg, but the way which he traveled was straight, his 
 purpose unfaltering and his success was the legitimate reward of his enterprise. 
 
 ^v- ;' :\ V ERASTUS SWIFT WILLCOX. c ?;;:"-'' 
 
 That man may be considered fortunate who succeeds in finding a place in 
 the business or educational world, for which he is in all respects thoroughly 
 adapted. 
 
 . The above reflection applies with full force to Erastus Swift Willcox, the 
 librarian of the Peoria public library. Mr. Willcox was bom at Port Henry, 
 Essex county, New York, February i6, 1830, a son of Henry and Mary Keziah 
 (Meacham) Willcox. They both belonged to that sturdy, substantial, sensi- 
 ble class, common to New England and New York state. The father was a 
 fanner. He came west as one of the first colonists who settled on the prairie 
 where the city of Galesburg, in Knox county, now stands. His object in set- 
 tling there was to give his children the benefit of a liberal education in the 
 college which, under the plan of Dr. George W. Gale, was about to be es- 
 tablished in Galesburg, now and for a long time known as Knox College. 
 
 James Willcox, grandfather of Erastus S. Willcox, was born in Killing- 
 worth, Connecticut. His ancestors came from Plymouth, England, about 1640. 
 I" ^773 the grandfather, when about eighteen years of age, removed to Bridge- 
 port, Vermont, where he owned a large farm on the shore of Lake Champlain, 
 residing there until his death in 1840. He was one of the two guides to help 
 Ethan Allen and his Green Mountain boys across the lake at the time of the 
 capture of Fort Ticonderoga in 1775. His remembrance of the language of 
 
1140 HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY 
 
 Ethan Allen, at the time of his demand for the surrender of the fort, was: "In 
 the name of God I'Mighty and the Continental Congress," etc., instead of the 
 language usually attributed to him. 
 
 The great-grandfather on the mother's side was Captain William Meacham, 
 commander of a company in Colonel Woodbridge's regiment. He was killed 
 at the battle of Bunker Hill, June 17, 1775, and his name^ is inscribed on the 
 bronze tablets at Winthrop Square, just below that of General Warren. 
 
 It will be seen that the subject of this sketch is descended from patriotic, 
 fighting stock, and it accounts, in a measure, for that persistent tenacity which 
 has characterized his entire career. Mr. Wilcox was graduated in the classical 
 department of Knox College in the class of 1851. As before stated, his father 
 was a farmer, and Mr. Willcox was reared upon the farm. His taste, how- 
 ever, was not for that sort of a life, but rather for books. After graduation 
 he taught a select school in Farmington, Illinois, for one year. He then became 
 clerk in a bank in Peoria, where he remained for a year, after which he studied 
 and traveled in Germany, France, Italy and England, for two years, with his 
 personal friend. Professor Churchill, of Knox College. He was then professor 
 of modern languages for six years, until the war of the Rebellion compelled 
 retrenchment in the college finances. He then returned to Peoria, studied law 
 and subsequently engaged in the business of manufacturing and coal mining, 
 which he continued until 1891, when he assumed the duties of librarian of the 
 Peoria public library. Probably no man in Peoria was so actively and earnestly 
 engaged in the establishment of the public library as Mr. Willcox. Soon after 
 his return and settlement .in Peoria he interested himself in the library as it 
 then existed, and was one of the prime movers in the establishment of the Mer- 
 cantile library. With great persistence and sound judgment he aided in the 
 development of the latter, and subsequently, in connection with others, brought 
 about the establishment of the Peoria public library, to which was transferred all 
 of the personal property of the Mercantile Library Association. The beautiful 
 building, now known as the Public Library building, was largely the result of the 
 earnest efforts of Mr. Willcox, and it will stand as a monument for years to 
 come of his zeal and interest in the education of the people. He has occupied 
 the position of inspector of the Peoria public schools, and was president of the 
 board for two years. He has always been especially interested in the subject 
 of education, not only in the public schools, but through the influence of the 
 public library, and has been noted during his whole career in Peoria for his 
 devotion to this cause. His experience as a director of the Mercantile library 
 from 1864 demonstrated that a subscription library the only kind of public 
 library known in those days was a failure, so far as reaching the masses of 
 the people were concerned ; and, for the very good reason that the women and 
 children who hungered for books did not hold the family purse strings, while the 
 men who held the purse strings did not care particularly for books. I- - 
 
 Mr. Willcox has always earnestly favored the societies and organizations 
 that had for their purpose the development of all that was best in the city, and 
 has given of his time and means generously in that direction. He is the author 
 of the present state library law, which was adopted March 7, 1872 the first 
 really comprehensive free public library law in the United States, and the 
 model of the library laws which other states have enacted since. The proof 
 
^" V ' ::; ^-HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY ^-^ 1141 
 
 that such a law was needed is seen in the fact that, whereas, the old subscrip- 
 tion library had a membership never exceeding three hundred, the free public 
 library now has a membership of nine thousand, four hundred and seventy. 
 
 Mr. Willcox grew up under the influence of the Presbyterians and Congre- 
 gationalists, but in his maturer years has not been able to subscribe to all the 
 peculiar tenets of either of those churches, but has always believed in all that 
 was best in all church work. ^ " :' 
 
 In politics he is and always has been a republican but believes in that 
 manly independence which leads a man to vote for the best man for public office, 
 especially in local affairs, whether belonging to his own party or another. 
 
 In July, 1857, Mr. Willcox was married to Mary T. Hotchkiss, of Peoria, 
 the only daughter of J. P. Hotchkiss, and granddaughter of General Walter 
 Booth, of Meriden, Connecticut. She died January lo, 1863, leaving two chil- 
 dren, George M. and Mary H., the latter now Mrs. Sisson, of FlagstaflF, Arizona. 
 Mr. Willcox was again married, June 22, 1869, his second union being with 
 Mary L. Hatch, of Warwick, Massachusetts. Two children have been born of 
 this union, William Arthur and Harold Hatch. 
 
 As the beginning of this sketch indicates, Mr. Willcox is the right man in 
 the right place. His thorough education, his foreign travel, his interest in and 
 acquaintance with books, render him an invaluable man in the position he now 
 occupies. It would be exceedingly difficult to fill his place with any one so well 
 fitted to discharge the duties of the position. He has for years kept himself 
 well abreast of the times and well informed in reference to books and writers. 
 His sound knowledge touching the value of books peculiarly fits him for the posi- 
 tion. He has made a special study of public libraries, and is well versed in all 
 modern methods relating to their operation. All the friends of the public library 
 earnestly hope for many future years of his efficient, acceptable service, and 
 would seriously regret his retirement. He has always in all his dealings and life 
 been highly regarded for his high purpose, his advocacy of all that is best in 
 personal, municipal and national life. The influence of such men is not always 
 fully appreciated during their life but it leaves its mark for good upon the com- 
 munity, becoming more apparent and potential as time goes on. 
 
 . - . ' THEODORE M. 
 
 ...- '.-^'. ':.:-. 't; -.:;. -;---;V'^- ?^^ '::o..-:>-v:^:';' ; :-\:.- ;..- '-.v/;-^;- 
 
 Theodore M. Cox, the president of the Galesburg Grocery Company and 
 also of the Cox Brothers Company, made his start in life upon the basis of a 
 public-school education and good home training, and since that time has con- 
 stantly advanced, the field of his activity continuously broadening while his 
 labors have more and more become a factor in upholding the commercial stabil- 
 ity and progress. He was bom in Vermont, Fulton county. Illinois, May 26, 
 1866. His grandfather, Jesse Cox, was a native of Pennsylvania and a car- 
 penter by trade. He married Theodosia Mershon and they became early resi- 
 dents of Fulton county, Illinois, where their remaining days were passed. They 
 had a large family including Mary, Samuel, Henry, Rebecca, Caleb B. and 
 others. The maternal grandfather of Theodore M. Cox was Josiah Wilkinson, 
 
'{ 1142 HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY . 
 
 ..who was born in Pennsylvania and learned and followed the cabinet-maker's 
 
 trade. He was also an early settler of Fulton county, Illinois, where both he 
 
 and his wife, who bore the maiden name of Ellen Hamer, lived to an old age. 
 
 '. Their children were as follows: Joseph, Hannah, Mary, Annie B., Henry, 
 
 Cornelia and Charles. 
 
 Caleb B. and Annie B. (Wilkinson) Cox, the parents of Theodore M. Cox, 
 were natives of Pennsylvania. The former was reared in the Keystone state 
 ; and became a school teacher but, removing to the west, cast in his lot with the 
 early settlers of Fulton county, Illinois, where he engaged in merchandising. 
 . Some time afterward he turned his attention to the banking business in Ver- 
 . ".': mont,. Illinois, and also became a prominent factor in the public life of the county 
 which for two terms he represented in the Illinois legislature. He also served 
 V for three years in the Eighty- fourth Illinois Volunteer Infantry during the 
 r''; Civil war with the rank of major. He died in Vermont in 1874 when but forty- 
 one years of age, and in that period he accomplished a work which might well 
 be regarded as a serviceable life work of many a man of twice his years. His 
 ' widow still survives him. They were originally members of the Society of 
 ; Friends or Quakers. Their family numbered seven children: Wilmer, de- 
 o ceased; Theodore M., of this review; Mary Ellen, who has also passed away; 
 ; Olive, the wife of H. H. Cleveland, of Rock Island, Illinois; Edward, of Gales- 
 burg; Howard, also a resident of Rock Island; and Sherman, of New York city. 
 ., Theodore M. Cox spent his youthful days in his native county and after at- 
 
 tending the public schools of Vermont was for a brief period a student in Knox 
 ]' College. He afterward began clerking in a hardware store belonging to his 
 ; uncles, J. W. and Henry Cox, and subsequently became a partner of his uncle, 
 , ' Ezra Dilworth, and the latter's son Willis in the conduct of a business at Ver- 
 . . mont under the firm name of E. Dilworth & Company. After two years Mr. 
 Cox withdrew from that partnership and joined his brothers Edward and 
 Howard in purchasing the Dilworth interests in the business, which they con- 
 "' tinued to conduct until 1896. In that year Theodore M. Cox and Howard Cox 
 came to Galesburg and purchased the business of the Avery Brothers & Brooks 
 Company which they conducted with success until 1903, when they sold out and 
 ,. . erected the Cox building at the corner of Chambers and Mulberry streets. There 
 V they conducted a heavy machinery storage and transfer business and in 1904 
 ' ; organized the Cox Brothers Company in order to engage in the general vehicle 
 and implement business in addition to their storage enterprise. They also 
 opened a retail store for the sale of vehicles, farm implements and seeds, and 
 through the establishment of branch houses conducted business in that line in 
 three different locations. Eventually, however, they disposed of their retail 
 interests and in 1909 in connection with F. S. Taylor acquired the Galesburg 
 Grocery Company of which Theodore M. Cox is the president. In 1910 he also 
 became interested in the Galesburg Cornice Works, the business being now con- 
 ducted in the Cox building. He is likewise a member of the syndicate that pur- 
 chased the George W. Brown property. Long since recognized as a prominent 
 and progressive man, his cooperation has been sought in many fields, in all of 
 'which his labors have become effective and far-reaching elements of success. 
 
 Mr. Cox was united in marriage to Miss Lilly I. Oviatt, a daughter of Henry 
 and Mary (Jones) Oviatt and a native of Arkansas. Eight children have been 
 
; ^ :v - .: HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY ^ -; 1143 
 
 born of this marriage, as follows: Anna Beth, Margaret Ella, Olive Louise, 
 Doris Irene, Mary Ann, Syble Josephine and two who died in infancy. 
 
 In his political views Mr. Cox is a republican and has served as chairman of 
 the board of election commissioners but has on the whole taken little active part 
 in politics or public affairs, preferring to concentrate his energies upon his busi- 
 ness interests which have constantly developed in importance and in extent. He 
 never falters until he has carried forward to success his well defined plans, yet in 
 their execution he has never been known to take advantage of another in trade 
 conditions but has promoted his business along constructive lines and by honor- 
 able methods has won public confidence as well as prosperity. 
 
 ' For fifteen years Isidor I. Bondi has been numbered among the merchants 
 of Galesburg, having in 1897 opened here a dry-goods store under the name of 
 Bondi Brothers & Company. The correctness of their business methods is man- 
 ifest in their success, which has enabled them not only to build up an extensive 
 establishment and control a large trade in this city but also to establish various 
 branch stores elsewhere which are also proving profitable sources of income. 
 
 Mr. Bondi was born in Salina, Kansas, April 29, 1868, his parents having 
 been pioneer settlers there. His father, August Bondi, was born in Vienna, 
 Austria, July 21, 1833, and acquired his education in the Academic Gymnasium 
 of Vienna. He was fifteen years of age when on the i5th of May, 1848, he 
 joined the Academic Legion, lifting the first granite paving block to start the 
 first barricade in the Vienna revolutionary struggle. On the 6th of September, 
 1848, he left Vienna for the United States, arriving at New Orleans on the loth 
 of November and going thence to St. Louis. In October, 1849, he began retailing 
 auction stock at Quincy but afterward returned to St. Louis to learn the printer's 
 trade. In 1854 naturalization rights made him a citizen of the United States and 
 the same year he entered a claim near Lawrence, Kansas. While there he formed 
 the acquaintance of John Brown, the noted apostle of liberty, and joined the 
 Free State minutemen under command of that intrepid leader. They marched 
 to Lawrence and thus was instituted the beginning of the Border Ruffian war. 
 On the I4th of May, 1857, Mr. Bondi was appointed postmaster of Walker, An- 
 derson county, Kansas, and was still the incumbent of that office when, three 
 years later, on the 28th of June, 1860, he was married to Henrietta Einstein, of 
 Leavenworth, Kansas. On the 23d of December, i86i, he offered his services 
 to the government in defense of the Union as a member of Company K, Fifth 
 Kansas Cavalry, with which he remained for three years. Mr. Bondi was a 
 lawyer by profession and was prominently identified with public interests in 
 the various communities in which he lived. He served at different times as 
 United States commissioner at Fort Harker, as postmaster at Salina, Kansas, 
 and in various county and state offices in Kansas. The love of liberty and the 
 spirit of loyalty which prompted him to ally his interests with the contending 
 forces in Vienna when but fifteen years of age were manifest throughout his 
 entire life. He died September 30, 1907. 
 
 Vol. n 52 
 
: 1144 HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY 
 
 '.:; ' --h^' 
 
 Isidor I. Bondi laid the foundation of his education in the public schools at 
 Salina, Kansas, and made his initial step in the business world in 1886 by pur- 
 suing a course of drafting and serving an apprenticeship at carpentering and 
 building. Subsequently he took a business course in the Salina Normal College 
 at Salina, Kansas, and in the spring of 1889 he removed westward to Portland, 
 Oregon, where he remained for six years. The following year was spent in 
 eastern Oregon and in Idaho and after the McKinley election he left the west 
 
 -. and came to Illinois. In the spring of 1897 he formed a partnership with his 
 brother, Hart E. Bondi, and opened a dry-goods store in Galesburg under the 
 firm style of Bondi Brothers & Company. They have increased their business 
 from year to year until theirs is one of the most extensive establishments in 
 this part of the state and in addition they have opened and conduct success- 
 fully branch stores in Kewanee, Illinois; Salina, Kansas; and Sedalia, Missouri. 
 On the 26th of July, 1911, Mr. Bondi was united in marriage to Miss Tennie 
 
 . Zuzak, of Boonville, Missouri. They have one daughter, Helen, who was born 
 on the 8th of June, 1912. Mr. Bondi belongs to the Sons of Judah, a Jewish 
 congregation, and is its secretary. He is a charter member and one of the di- 
 : rectors of the Provident Saving & Loan Association of Galesburg and his fra- 
 ternal relations are with the Elks Lodge No. 894 and Veritas Lodge, No. 478, I. 
 O. O. F., of which he has been treasurer for a number of years. He is likewise 
 
 ; an active member of the Galesburg Club, serving at the present time on its 
 
 commercial committee, and he is a member of the Soangetaha Country Club. 
 
 . . - He also has an interesting military chapter in his life record, for at the age of 
 
 seventeen years he was mustered into the Fourth Regiment Band of the Kansas 
 
 , .. . National Guard, with which he served for three years. As a business man he is 
 
 alert and enterprising, actuated by a spirit of progress in all that he does. As we 
 
 look over life we see that to one is given the talent for poetry, to another that of 
 
 . art, to another of construction, to another of mechanics, and to still another the 
 
 capability for successful business management. Few men under fifty would will- 
 
 . ingly admit that the last mentioned is limited and young men especially all believe 
 that they possess it. But the annual records of business failures show that the 
 rule holds good and that only a comparatively few have the capability for the 
 successful control of commercial interests. Mr. Bondi is one who has been thus 
 endowed and his diligence and progressiveness have constituted the basis of 
 
 continuous advancement. . t .... - 
 
 J;/: ^-;v- . REV. LUCIUS H. PARKER. T' ::;V,^:; 
 
 For many years the Rev. Lucius H. Parker devoted much of his life to 
 Christian teaching. As a minister of the Congregational church his labors were 
 far reaching and effective and still bear fruit in the lives of those who came 
 under his guidance. He was born March 20, 1807, in Woodstock, Vermont, 
 and although he passed away in Galesburg on the 29th of February, 1872, he 
 is yet remembered by many of the older citizens who recognized his worth and 
 .entertained for him the highest regard and gave to him their warm friendship. 
 His parents were Lucius H. and Marion (Wallace) Parker, in whose home his 
 
; ^; ?V' r>;:. ,>:\. HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY :' ' 1145 
 
 youthful days were passed. Having determined to devote his life to the ministry 
 he began studying in the Lane Theological Seminary at Cincinnati, Ohio, but left 
 that school in April, 1836, six weeks before graduation, together with ninety 
 other students because of the anti-slavery ideas which they held. Later he at- 
 tended lectures at Oberlin College, of Oberlin, Ohio, and his wife was a student 
 there at the same time. 
 
 In 1836 the Rev. Lucius. H. Parker went to Galena, Illinois, where he engaged 
 in preaching for about one year and then resumed his studies at Oberlin where 
 he remained for two years. On the expiration of that period he accepted a call 
 from a church at Erie, Pennsylvania, where he engaged in preaching until 1844. 
 He then came to Galesburg and filled the pulpit of the Congregational church 
 at this place for two years. In addition to his church work he was interested in 
 agriculture. When he no longer accepted regular pastorates he spent much of 
 his time in organizing Congregational churches and many of the now strong 
 church societies of the northern and central part of. the state were formed through 
 his instrumentality and under his guidance. He likewise labored earnestly in the 
 interest and for the upbuilding of Knox College until the time of his death. 
 
 On the 3 1st of August, 1836, the Rev. Parker was married to Miss Elizabeth 
 Treat Holyoke, a daughter of William and Lucy (Greenleaf ) Holyoke, the latter 
 an own cousin of the poet, John Greenleaf Whittier. Mrs. Parker's father was 
 a wealthy carriage manufacture of Cincinnati, Ohio, and the daughter attended 
 Harriett Beecher Stowe's school in that place. 
 
 Unto Mr. and Mrs. Parker have been born the following named: William 
 Holyoke, Lucius Clark, Robert Stuart, Edward Austin, Mary Elizabeth Castle, 
 David, Charles Wallace and Emily Almira Gilbert. 
 
 The Rev. Parker was always deeply interested in the anti-slavery movement 
 and before the war his home was one of the so-called stations on the famous 
 underground railway and gave shelter and food to many fugitive slaves on their 
 way to Canada. His early political allegiance was given to the whig party and 
 when the republican party was formed to prevent the further extension of slavery 
 he joined its ranks and continued one of its stanch advocates until his death. 
 He was very deeply interested in the Union cause during the Civil war and at all 
 times was a loyal and progressive citizen who sought the welfare of the 
 community at large as well as the advancement of the individual. .- , .. 
 
 ,:\v ; V EWING VAN DARIEN MORRIS, M. D. C u';V:"'^v 
 
 " Dr. Ewing Van Darien Morris is now one of the oldest practicing physicians 
 in Galesburg in years of continuous connection with the profession, having first 
 opened an office in this city in 1885.' Thorough preparatory training well quali- 
 fied him for the responsibilities which have devolved upon him and study abroad 
 has also given him intimate knowledge of the methods followed by many of the 
 distinguished physicians and surgeons of the old world. Illinois claims Dr. 
 Morris as one of her native sons, his birth having occurred in Monmouth, on 
 the 7th of May, 1858. His parents were Easton and Rebecca Ann (Butler) 
 Morris, the father born in southern Illinois, May 13, 1833, while the mother's 
 
1146 HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY - - -' ^ V^ 
 
 birth occurred in Monmouth on the 28th of February, 1834. Easton Morris 
 
 ' after establishing his home in the vicinity of Monmouth gave his attention to 
 
 farming which he made his life work. He met a sudden death, on the 8th of 
 
 ' September, 1866, being struck by lightning while in Kansas, whither he had 
 
 gone to purchase land. His political support was ever given to the democratic 
 
 . party and the community in which he lived regarded him as a worthy and valued 
 citizen. His wife was a daughter of William and- Susan (Chapman) Butler, 
 the former a native of Kentucky and the latter of Illinois. To Mr. and Mrs. 
 Easton Morris were bom three children of whom the Doctor is the eldest. The 
 second child, a daughter, died in infancy, while Myron is now a farmer in 
 Minnesota. 
 
 Dr. Morris was a lad of only eight years at the time of his father's death. 
 
 . In his youthful days he walked three and a half miles to and from school and 
 when but nine years of age he engaged in driving teams. When a lad of nine 
 years he began farming for himself and he saved money until he had a sum 
 sufficient to buy a self-raking reaper, after which he cut grain for neighboring 
 farmers by the acre. Later he purchased a binder and continued his work as a 
 factor in the agricultural development of the community. From his earnings 
 he saved every cent possible, until he felt that he was justified in carrying out 
 his intention of preparing for the medical profession. He was twenty-two years .--'/',] 
 of age when he entered the office of Dr. Webster, of Monmouth, Illinois, who ''. ! . . 
 directed his preliminary reading while later he pursued a three years' course 
 
 : in Rush Medical College. He also spent one year in the study of dental surgery 
 
 in Chicago and in 1884 he entered upon the practice of medicine at Cullom, : '^ ,'; 
 Illinois, where he remained for a year. In 1885 he came to Galesburg and is .-.-.' 
 
 , one of the oldest practicing physicians in this city, having for more than a C ' 
 quarter of a century been active in the profession here. From the outset he has 
 been a close student of everything bearing upon the profession and tending to 
 bring to man the key to the complex mystery which we call life. In 1894 he 
 pursued a post-graduate course in Chicago and a year later went to New York 
 
 ; for further study. Another year passed and he then went to Vienna, Austria, 
 where he spent a year, and also pursued special courses in Berlin, Paris and 
 London, coming under the instruction and watching the methods of some of 
 the most eminent practitioners and specialists of the old world. Since 1904 he 
 has remained continuously in Galesburg and in 1909 extended his business ac- . 
 tivities to include the conduct of a drug store, becoming a partner of Dr. Dick- : ' 
 inson in this enterprise. Subsequently he purchased his partner's interest and , ; 
 is now sole owner of the business. Dr. Morris has always enjoyed an extensive -' - . \ 
 practice and his ability is widely recognized,' placing him among the eminent > v 
 representatives of the profession in this part of the state. He is extremely .- ;'. 
 careful in the diagnosis of his cases and very conscientious in the performance / ; -> 
 of professional duties. r > v'; ':;; I " ^' ' 
 
 Dr. Morris has been married twice. He first wedded Miss Francis Margaret .'.v ./ 
 McVey, a daughter of Daniel and Margaret McVey, of Warren county, Illinois, v . . . 
 She was born November 2, 1858, and died on the 3Oth of October, 1883. For ; j-. 
 his second wife Dr. Morris chose Miss Lavina Gale, a daughter of James Gale, ; , ;' 
 of Galesburg, this marriage being celebrated in January, 1895. Dr. Morris is 
 a member of the Modern Woodmen Camp at Galesburg and his social as well 
 
HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY 
 
 1147 
 
 as his professional qualities render him popular. He has a very wide acquain- 
 tance and his friends are many. He never allows social or other interests, how- 
 ever, to interfere with the faithful performance of his professional duties and 
 he keeps in close touch with the onward move of the profession through his 
 membership connections with the Knox County Medical Society, the City Medi- 
 cal Society, the Illinois State Medical Society and the American Medical Asso- 
 ciation. 
 
 '. '.',-'* "^ ' .'-.''' 
 
 ^ :'' ' '': ^:':'.''., c^-. '.::-- . 
 
 -* - ;\ ,'V .' ' .; .'-.- '-. '' '' , 
 . .*.'".'- V *,.'* *; - - ' 
 
>. ^. ' '"''' 
 
INDEX 
 
 Abdill, J. F 861 Belden, W. L 319 
 
 Abrahamson, Charles 685 Bellwood, W. S 850 
 
 Adams, E. R 302 Bennett, H. J 891 
 
 Adams, F. L 27*-- Benson, L. W 795 
 
 Aldrich, D. W 1005 
 
 Allen, A. H 448 
 
 Allen, C. E 108 
 
 Allen, H. A 294 
 
 Allen, J. S 57 
 
 Allen, N. T 106 
 
 Ament, G. D 368 
 
 Anderson, A. B 445 
 
 Anderson, A. 846 
 
 Anderson, Ole 937 
 
 Anderson, S. A 347 
 
 Appell, A. L. 593 
 
 Appell, E. J 704 
 
 Applegren, J. M 471 
 
 Armstrong, James 913 
 
 Arnold, B. F. ...... .r. 160 
 
 Arnold, H. F 154 
 
 Arnold, Wilfred 147 
 
 Asplund, J. W 599 
 
 Austin, Charles 606 
 
 Austin, Thomas 825 
 
 Avery, C. M 30 
 
 Ayres, S. C 80 
 
 Bailey, Walter 819 
 
 Baines, Francis T^ 22 
 
 Baird, B. P 774 
 
 Baird, L. P 661 
 
 Barlow, A. A 472 
 
 Barlow, J. E 807 
 
 Barry, Frances 1040 
 
 Bartlett, F. S 308 
 
 Bartlett, J. D 371 
 
 Bartlett, W. A 362 
 
 Bates, M. C 153 
 
 Baymiller, Michael 831 
 
 Bearmore, F. C 785 
 
 Becker, Louis 86 
 
 Beckett, John 251 
 
 Behringer, George 516 
 
 Bentley, W. F 360 
 
 Berggren, A. W 276 
 
 Betterton, Joshua 1018 
 
 Bliss, C. R. 848 
 
 Bloom, H. C. r. 996 
 
 Bohan, J. M. 339 
 
 Bond, William .. 862 
 
 Bondi, I. I 1143 
 
 Boutelle, A. J 170 
 
 Bowers, Aaron 385 
 
 Boyes, W. F. ..:.... 1034 ' 
 
 Bradburg, J. L 330 
 
 Bradley, W. O'R. 71 
 
 Bradshaw, D. W. 438 
 
 Brandt, John 331 
 
 Bridge, G. H 728 
 
 Bdggs, J. W. 793 
 
 Broadfield, E. H 766 
 
 Brooks, R. J 1021 
 
 Brown, Charles 459 
 
 Brown, G. W 1115 
 
 Brown, P. F. 1083 
 
 Bryant, J. H 78 
 
 Buck, W. N 758 
 
 Bulson, Ira, 591 
 
 Burch, John 857 
 
 Burgland, H. P, 327 
 
 Buriiaugh, Daniel 886 
 
 Burnett, A. C 118 
 
 Burnside, C. S 541 
 
 Burnside, Isaac 867 
 
 Burnside, William 369 
 
 Butler, A. C 786 
 
 Byram, G. R 345 
 
 Cadwell, O. 933 
 
 Cain, J. H 844 
 
 Call, E. C 646 
 
 Callahan, Alex 898 
 
 Callender, I. S 217 
 
 1149 
 
1150 
 
 INDEX 
 
 Cameron, W. S 468 
 
 Campbell, O. L 502 
 
 Campbell, S. M 546 
 
 Carlson, A. P 923 
 
 Carlson, C. J 934 
 
 Carlton, W. B 378 
 
 Cams, J. Z. 95 
 
 Carr, C. E 5 
 
 Cation, David 796 
 
 Cation, James 976 
 
 Chamberlain, C. H 393 
 
 Cbapin, B. N 712 
 
 Chapman, Frank 691 
 
 Chase, Mrs. W. A 821 
 
 Churchill, George 310 
 
 Churchill, G. B 189 
 
 Clark, C. S 386 
 
 Clark, G. M 137 
 
 Clark, T. A 789 
 
 Cline, A. J 85 
 
 Cline, G. W 866 
 
 Cole, F. G 921 
 
 Cole, I. F 178 
 
 Coleman, Eliza A '. 632 
 
 Collinson, E. T 703 
 
 Collinson, G. M 677 
 
 Colton, C. S 1072 
 
 Colton, Francis 1076 
 
 Colton, J. B 268 
 
 Colville, R. W 186 
 
 Conger, F. L 83 
 
 Conley, G. F ' 305 
 
 Cook, James 616 
 
 Cooke, F. F 105 
 
 Cooke, John 96 
 
 Corbin, J. F 353 
 
 Costa, Joseph 248 
 
 Cox, J. N 345 
 
 Cox, J. W 736 
 
 Cox, L. J 764 
 
 Cox, Reuben 946 
 
 Cox, S. J 515 
 
 Cox, T. M 1141 
 
 Craig, A. M 254 
 
 Craig, C. C 588 
 
 Craig, George 328 
 
 Craig, W. D 927 
 
 Craver, Thomas 623 
 
 Crocker, G. D 50 
 
 Crouch, J. K 266 
 
 Crump, Seth 174 
 
 
 
 Dalton, Enoch 823 
 
 Daugherty, M. J 1091 
 
 Daughmer, F. U 772 
 
 Davidson, G. W 651 
 
 Davidson, R. E 671 
 
 Davis, S. B 168 
 
 Davison, Edward 684 
 
 Davison, I. W 622 
 
 Davison, Robert 630 
 
 Dayton, Benjamin 562 
 
 Dayton, W. 563 
 
 DeLong, W. D 425 
 
 Dennison, L. H 343 
 
 Dickinson, J. T 1052 
 
 Dikeman, W. N 878 
 
 Donason, A. 694 
 
 Doubet, G. L 897 
 
 Doubleday, G. P 261 
 
 Doyle, W. E 124 
 
 Drake, E. R 139 
 
 Drury, H. F 173 
 
 Dunbar, G. W 484 
 
 Dunn, F. J 719 
 
 Dunn, W. E 485 
 
 Du Von, F, T 1060 
 
 ' .."';...^;v .;^-.^-'.v^l 
 
 Eastes, G. J 92 
 
 Edgar, F. L 199 
 
 Edgar, L. J 198 
 
 Edmundson, G. P 834 
 
 Edwards, D. B 415 
 
 Eiker, A. M 743 
 
 Ekstadt, C. A. 896 
 
 Elliott, Mr. and Mrs. D. B 1048 
 
 Elliott, G. W 936 
 
 Elliott, W. B 968 
 
 Ely, Boannerges 226 
 
 Emrich, Henry 323 
 
 Ennis, Hugh 1032 
 
 Epley, Peter 141 
 
 Ericson, J. E 356 
 
 Ervin, R. E. 332 
 
 ..v.:-'.^;:-,^:..^;.. ..,- -J 
 
 Fahnestock, J. C 324 
 
 Ferris, L. C. 995 
 
 Finley, J. A: 615 
 
 Finley, J. 580 
 
 Fisher, Joseph 530 
 
 Fleharty, W. D 225 
 
 Frankenburger, B. E 945 
 
 Frankenburger, C. E 945 
 
 Fredricks, G. E 608 
 
 French, P. H 566 
 
 Fritz, William 600 
 
 Fuller, Erastus 986 
 
 Gabrielson, Axel 1107 
 
 Galpin, John 835 
 
 r.arren, U. S 816 
 
 Gates, G. S 401 
 
 Gay, F. N 610 
 
 Gebhart, W. A 421 
 
INDEX 
 
 1151 
 
 Geer, J. C 122 
 
 Gehring, Alexander 494 
 
 Gehring, A. J 571 
 
 Gehring, Joseph 836 
 
 Gibbs, A. 908 
 
 Gibbs, Grant 663 
 
 Gibbs, Jonathan 941 
 
 Gibbs, L. E 755 
 
 Gibbs, P. H 922 
 
 Gibbs, Robert 779 
 
 Gibbs, R. F Y48 
 
 Gibbs, W. H 592 
 
 Gibbs, W. H 966 
 
 Gibson, G. A. 992 
 
 Giles, H. W 62 
 
 Gillis, Heber 444 
 
 Givens, Strawther 863 
 
 Godfrey, W. D 1053 
 
 Goff, W. B 631 
 
 Goldquist, Fredericka 372 
 
 Goldsmith, E. W 664 
 
 Goodspeed, N. H 408 
 
 Gough, T. R. P. 876 
 
 Graham, G. H 431 
 
 Granville, P. N 88 
 
 Gray, J. D 865 
 
 Greep, Catherine U 733 
 
 Griffith, H. R 164 
 
 Griswold, D. J 275 
 
 Gross, Joseph 283 
 
 Grubb, J. W 159 
 
 Gustafson, F. 1070 
 
 Hagan, G. L 804 
 
 Hagan, H. A 805 
 
 Haggenjos, K. R. 558 
 
 Hall, John 983 
 
 Hall, Lydia M. 730 
 
 Hamerstrand, A. W 721 
 
 Hamilton, Josiah 938 
 
 Hamilton, J. F 130 
 
 Harler, W. W 803 
 
 Harris, I. J. 486 
 
 Hart, B. T 499 
 
 Hathaway, J. B 672 
 
 Hawkinson, Andrew 957 
 
 Hawkinson, C. M 437 
 
 Hazlett, F. R 398 
 
 Hedstrom, G. L. 1008 
 
 Heffeman, John 576 
 
 Heller, S. H 855 
 
 Hensley, J. A 801 
 
 Herlocker, W. A 56 
 
 Hertig, E. F 87 
 
 Hilton, G. F 726 
 
 Hinchliflf, E. E 116 
 
 Hinchliff, J. E 212 
 
 Hinchliff, R. W 117 
 
 Hinckley, C. A 1128 
 
 Hjerpe, John 392 
 
 Holahan, John 211 
 
 Holland, H. M 1108 
 
 Holmes, C. E 532 
 
 Holmes, E. F 197 
 
 Holmes, F. L. 200 
 
 Hoofnagle, A. L 579 
 
 Hooker, F. H 99 
 
 Hopkins, Frank 814 
 
 Hopkins, F. C 481 
 
 Hubbell, T. J 542 
 
 Huber, Jacob 901 
 
 Huber, J. L 914 
 
 Huber, W. B 907 
 
 Huff, B. J., Jr 531 
 
 Hughes, S. M 354 
 
 Humphrey, A. G 435 
 
 Hunt, R. C 215 
 
 Hunter, J. W 916 
 
 Hurburgh, C. F 268 
 
 Hurd, A. L. ,> ., ... 548 
 
 Hurlbut, Francis 925 
 
 Hurlbutt, D. C 102 
 
 Ingersoll, S. A. 377 
 
 Ives, N. B., Sr 624 
 
 Jelliff, F. R 34 
 
 John, Mandiville 751 
 
 Johnson, A. J. V 771 
 
 Johnson, C. G 585 
 
 Johnson, C. 953 
 
 Johnson, F. E 1124 
 
 Johnson, John 705 
 
 Johnson, Jonas 577 
 
 Johnson, S. H 952 
 
 Johnston, J. A 1002 
 
 Jones, G. W 1081 
 
 Jones, J. W 1065 
 
 Jordan, W. A 36 
 
 Junk, John 637 
 
 Junk, J. H 597 
 
 Junk, Thomas 453 
 
 Keefe, Thomas 177 , 
 
 Keener, A. C 476 
 
 Keightley, H. N 9 
 
 King, Ambrose 915 
 
 King, A. L 578 
 
 King, E. J 647 
 
 King, H. R 912 
 
 King, Hugh 918 
 
 Kjellander, E. J 695 
 
 Krans, Anna O. B 682 
 
 Krans, F. C. 500 
 
 Kunkel, H. J 493 
 
1152 
 
 INDEX 
 
 Lafferty, John '. '. 540 
 
 , Lamoreux, J. M 1037 
 
 Lapham, Frank 888 
 
 ... Larson, Erich 605 
 
 ,- Larson, N. J 697 
 
 Larson, William 340 
 
 '; Lass, Ebenezer 710 
 
 ' Lawrence, R. A 26 
 
 Lawson, P. F 1069 
 
 / ; Leffingwell, C. W 1133 
 
 ; '; Lehman, W. G 789 
 
 Lemon, M. S 790 
 
 : Leng, Albert 722 
 
 Lewis, J. H 110 
 
 Liken, C. T 553 
 
 Lindstrum, A. 452 
 
 ^. Little, 0. H 524 
 
 ;:~ Locklin, John 594 
 
 Lockwood, E. J 234 
 
 Lofgren, Gust 601 
 
 .; Longden, A. C. 351 
 
 / Losey, N. H 1135 
 
 McAuley, J. B 423 
 
 McCallister, Alpha B 1017 
 
 . ' McClelland, Thomas 1127 
 
 McClure, Thomas 669 
 
 ornack, A. F 429 
 
 McFarland, F. 583 
 
 McGaan, Hugh 944 
 
 McGaan, William 943 
 
 McGirr, N. H 833 
 
 McGirr, W. L. 805 
 
 McKeighan, R. J 760 
 
 McKie, J. M 202 
 
 McKissock, Peter 690 
 
 McMaster, C. J 126 
 
 McMaster, D. N 962 
 
 McMaster, John 508 
 
 McMaster, J. E 645 
 
 McMaster, J. M 926 
 
 McMurtry, J. C 462 
 
 McQuarrie, Alan 510 
 
 Me Williams, David 155 
 
 Machen, C. H 977 
 
 Machen, H. S 984 
 
 Mack, M. J 241 
 
 Mackey, John 893 
 
 Maholland, Andrew 681 
 
 Main, C. A 636 
 
 Alain, C. W 659 
 
 Main, H. E 529 
 
 Main, J. E 906 
 
 Main, T. P 519 
 
 Main, William 644 
 
 Main, W. B 826 
 
 Malcolm, C. A 316 
 
 Maley, W. H 148 
 
 Mason, E. T. S 65 
 
 Mathews, C. H 1136 
 
 Mathews, J. S 649 
 
 Matteson, F. G 209 
 
 May, S. W 284 
 
 Merrill, C. W 447 
 
 Men-is, J, B 564 
 
 Metcalf, E. P 300 
 
 Miles, J. W 958 
 
 Miller, Charles 233 
 
 Miller, D. C 69 
 
 Milroy, Nathan 770 
 
 Milroy, N. M, 629 
 
 Moats, Summerfield 693 
 
 Montgomery, W. H 440 
 
 Moor, Angus 362 
 
 Moore, W. B 443 
 
 Morgan, G. E. 904 
 
 Morgan, J. E 928 
 
 Morris, E. V. D 1145 
 
 Morse, Menzo 820 
 
 Mosher, S. W ' 935 
 
 Mosser, John 192 
 
 Mott, F. B 432 
 
 Mount, Michael . . jc 399 
 
 Murphy, H. N 125 
 
 Nash, Edwin ........................ 290 
 
 Neale, J. W ......................... 1046 
 
 Neely, C. R .......................... 1028 
 
 Nelson, C. V ......................... 555 
 
 Nelson, J. C .......................... 670 
 
 Nelson, J. H. ....................... 924 
 
 Nelson, 0. C ......................... 322 
 
 Nelson, S. B ......................... 1014 
 
 Newberg, G. L ........................ 458 
 
 Niles, D. P ........................... 461 
 
 Nisley, J. M ......................... 28 
 
 Norene, E. W. ........................ 769 
 
 North, C. D .......................... 738 
 
 Oberg, J. C. ......' ---- .. ..... .'...... 
 
 Oberholtzer, J. M ................... 744 
 
 Oberholtzer, 0. J .................... 142 
 
 O'Connor, J, D ........................ 43 
 
 Olson, F. H ........................... 654 
 
 Olson, N. E .......................... 273 
 
 Paden, A. F ......................... 911 
 
 Paden, James ........................ 348 
 
 Palmquist, Louis ..................... 117 
 
 Parker, I. A ......................... 411 
 
 Parker, L. H ..... ; ................... 1144 
 
 Parkinson, J. R ............... ...... 446 
 
 Parkinson, S. R ...................... 778 
 
 Patterson, J. H ....................... 725 
 
INDEX 
 
 1153 
 
 Patty, George 584 
 
 Payne, J. S 620 
 
 Payton, Orlando 809 
 
 Penn, C. B 1058 
 
 Percy, J. F 1096 
 
 Perrin, M. T 281 
 
 Perry, Albina H 1088 
 
 Perry, A. J 1084 
 
 Perry, G, A 1064 
 
 Peterson, August 656 
 
 Peterson, L. W 538 
 
 Peterson, Swan 1039 
 
 Peterson, S. H 344 
 
 Pillsbury, I. L 520 
 
 Poplett, Frank 759 
 
 Porter, Hattie 817 
 
 Potter, A. S 788 
 
 Potts, Silas 683 
 
 Preston, I. C 701 
 
 Pulver, C. H 955 
 
 Purdy, John 991 
 
 Quick, C. E 613 
 
 Rankin, Samuel 628 
 
 Ray, T. W 956 
 
 Rebstock, Jamea 963 
 
 Redmon, J. C. M 394 
 
 Reed, F. L 272 
 
 Reed, G. W. 563 
 
 Reed, J. G 587 
 
 Reed, W. P 872 
 
 Reif snider, Edson 988 
 
 Reynolds, C. C 492 
 
 Reynolds, G. W. 74 
 
 Reynolds, Jennie H 974 
 
 Rhodes, C. H. 621 
 
 Rice, A. H 903 
 
 Rice, A. S 951 
 
 Rice, J. H 1007 
 
 Rice, R. C 40 
 
 Richey, James 813 
 
 Rickords, S. S 290 
 
 Rinella, August 384 
 
 Ripley, C. B 1026 
 
 Robbins, W. A. 314 
 
 Roberson, J. E '. 874 
 
 Roberts, O. T 882 
 
 Robertson, C. W 675 
 
 Robson, E. P. 1054 
 
 Roby, A. L. 609 
 
 Roe, C. W 426 
 
 Rogers, F. E 376 
 
 Root, Riley 112o 
 
 Ross, A. J. . .' 737 
 
 Roundtree, J. H. 44 
 
 Routh, J. A 875 
 
 Routh, T. L 696 
 
 Ryan, L. R 218 
 
 Ryan, S, H 884 
 
 Rylander, Andrew 477 
 
 Rylander, F. 460 
 
 Sanbom, L. W 534 
 
 Sargent, A. 1 359 
 
 Schryver, J. H 73 
 
 Schwarz, John 507 
 
 Seacord, De F 222 
 
 Seacord, Wilkins 1109 
 
 Seaton, B. F 252 
 
 Selby, W. H 565 
 
 Sennett, L. F 267 
 
 Shadley, B. F 1082 
 
 Shaffer, B. F 830 
 
 Shaffer, J. A 881 
 
 Shaffer, T. B 824 
 
 Sheahan, D. W 1103 
 
 Shear, J. H 655 
 
 Shipplett, G. A. 750 
 
 Shives, Samuel 806 
 
 Shumaker, C. E. 569 
 
 Simonds, W. E 998 
 
 Simpson, D. M 780 
 
 Simpson, H. C 1020 
 
 Simpson, J. C. 175 
 
 Sinclair, R. G 163 
 
 Sisson, H. M 93 
 
 Sloan, H. A 852 
 
 Sloan, Sarah 818 
 
 Slough, G. K 747 
 
 Smith, C. P 782 
 
 Smith, Dewitt 752 
 
 Smitb, F. C 145 
 
 Smith, F. G 561 
 
 Smith, G. A. 570 
 
 Smith, G. H 517 
 
 Smith, H. A 282 
 
 t^Smith, H. P 741 
 
 Smith, J. F 864 
 
 Smith, J. W 338 
 
 Smith, W. D 1111 
 
 Snider, William 635 
 
 Sornboi;ger, G. M. 964 
 
 South, David 851 
 
 Spencer, Charles, Sr 932 
 
 Spies, W. A. 794 
 
 Spinner, W. H 72 
 
 Squires, A. L 470 
 
 Standish, H. A 16 
 
 Standish, J. Van N, 10 
 
 Steams, G. G 478 
 
 Steele, L. L 201 
 
 Steele, W. L. 380 
 
 Steepleton, L. P 183 
 
1154 
 
 INDEX 
 
 Stegall, Edward 843 
 
 Stephens, J. W 706 
 
 IStephenson, F. S 652 
 
 Stephenson, G. L. 469 
 
 Stephenson, J. C 892 
 
 Stephenson, William 533 
 
 Stevens, B. A 528 
 
 Stevens, Loren 320 
 
 Stockdale, W. M 698 
 
 Strom, Peter 556 
 
 Stuckey, N. 8 598 
 
 Stuckey, R. C 954 
 
 Stuckey, S. V 660 
 
 Sunwall, P. A. 967 
 
 Swanson, Oliver 495 
 
 Swartz, August 895 
 
 Sweborg, J. A 832 
 
 Tanney, James 539 
 
 Tapper, A. W 416 
 
 Templeton, Mary A 711 
 
 Tannery, P. E 678 
 
 Thirlwell, John 1130 
 
 Thisted, Martin 1066 
 
 Thomas, W. N 781 
 
 Thompson, David 953 
 
 Thompson, H, W 1022 
 
 Thompson, W. A 1033 
 
 Thomson, T. W 1003 
 
 Thuline, S. J 765 
 
 Toler, J. C. 185 
 
 Townsend, L. A 52 
 
 Tucker. J, A 902 
 
 Tucker, M. E 156 
 
 Tucker, N. N 877 
 
 Tucker, Samuel 132 
 
 Turner, J. S 115 
 
 Tyler, F. P 496 
 
 Upp, C. H 1059 
 
 Van Buien, G. W. 547 
 
 Vance, S. L. 948 
 
 Vivion, J. B 454 
 
 Vivion. J. G - 66 
 
 \'o\k, Anna 822 
 
 Wagoner, S. A 306 
 
 Wainright, Daniel 208 
 
 Ware, E. H 854 
 
 Warner, W. E 810 
 
 Wayman, Cornelius 572 
 
 Weech, C. E 642 
 
 Weinberg, Lafayette 63 
 
 Welch, Henry 601 
 
 Welsh, Jay 602 
 
 Welsh, J. D 58 
 
 Welsh, Michael 978 
 
 Welsh, W. M 885 
 
 Wenzelmann, Gustave 231 
 
 Wertman, L. F 22 
 
 West, John 858 
 
 West, O. B 975 
 
 West, W. E 1046 
 
 Whipple, W. W. 1104 
 
 White, C. A 274 
 
 Whited, George 947 
 
 Whiting, S. M 868 
 
 WikoflF, F. Z 42 
 
 Wilks, James 100 
 
 Willard, E. S 997 
 
 Willcox, E. S 1139 
 
 Willcox, W. H 406 
 
 Williams, A. C 653 
 
 Williams, E. P 236 
 
 Williams, George 51 
 
 Williamson, Douglas 993 
 
 Williamson, E. P 686 
 
 Williamson, M. 1112 
 
 Williamson, W. S 418 ':", 
 
 Willis, H. F 483 
 
 Willsie, John 1101 
 
 Willsie, W. F 1027 - 
 
 Wilmot, Jesse 667 ' 
 
 Wilson, F. E 48 - 
 
 Wilson, L. P 982 - ^. 
 
 Witherell, G. W 734 ;. 
 
 Witherell, L. R. 223 > 
 
 Wood, H. W 242 
 
 Woolsey, David 638 
 
 Woolsey, F. E 182 
 
 Wyman, Stephen 978 
 
 Young, J. M 948 .. 
 
 Young, J. R 408 
 
 Youngdahl, C. L. . . .'. 757 
 
 Zenor, C. A