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UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS, 
 
 Agricultural Experiment Station, 
 
 CHAMPAIGN, FEBRUARY, 1889. 
 
 BULLETIN NO. 4. 
 
 FIELD EXPERIMENTS WITH CORN, 1888. 
 
 Under this caption is given the record of the twelve field experi- 
 ments with the common dent corn which were undertaken by the Station 
 during the season of 1888, except No. 7, in regard to the effect of the 
 depth and time of planting, which was not carried to a successful con - 
 elusion. The record of Experiment No. 24, relating to fertilizers, is also 
 given here, since they were used with corn. 
 
 Field experimentation is beset with many difficulties. Much of it is, 
 indeed, experimental. In each investigation attention must be given to 
 many small details; and a slight neglect, or a slight error, may vitiate 
 the whole experiment and stop further investigation on the particular 
 point of inquiry until another season. 
 
 Much space has been given to details; first, because they are of 
 importance to others pursuing similar lines of investigation; second, in 
 order that those for whom the results are designed may know what value 
 to give them, and may come to feel a confidence in the methods employed, 
 so far as they deserve it. After the methods of investigation become 
 somewhat settled and understood, doubtless, much of the detail of these 
 first bulletins of the Experiment Station may be omitted to advantage. 
 
 The attempt has been made to state the facts as they appeared in 
 each experiment, and to give the conditions under which the results were 
 obtained; to point out the possibilities and probabilities of error, and the 
 relative weight and importance of the results. Further than this it is not 
 deemed advisable to go. Any general conclusion that might be drawn 
 from this season's results may be reversed by those of next season. As 
 Dr. Fream, speaking of agricultural experimentation, pointedly remarks 
 " In this field of research more, perhaps, than in any other those who 
 'learn to labor' must also learn 'to wait.' " 
 
3 8 BULLETIN NO 4. [February, 
 
 Experiment No. i. Corn, Testing of Varied, s. 
 
 The land used in this experiment about eight acres was in three 
 tracts, (a), (<*), and (V), as shown in diagrams on page 70. In the seasons 
 of 1886 and 1887, tract (a) was in mammoth clover. In the spring of 1887, 
 it received a medium heavy coating of stable manure and was planted to 
 corn. In the fall of 1887, it was plowed six inches deep. Tract () had 
 been occupied for several years with raspberries and blackberries. The 
 briars were gathered and burned, and April 18-21, 1888, stable 'manure 
 was put on at the rate of thirty loads per acre. April 27th to 3oth, the 
 tract was plowed six inches deep. Tract (Y) was in corn during the sea- 
 sons of 1886 and 1887, and had been in grass for several years previously. 
 It was plowed in the fall of' 1887. 
 
 The preparation of the seed-bed was similar on the three tracts. The 
 fall-plowed land was disked twice and harrowed once, and the spring- 
 plowed land was disked and harrowed once. The plats were laid off in 
 hills 3 feet 8 inches each way in the ordinary manner. The planting was 
 done by hand, four kernels t to a hill, and covered with one to two inches 
 of mellow soil with a hoe. The space of one row was left between the 
 successive plats in this as in all the plat experiments with Indian corn 
 detailed in this bulletin, when not otherwise stated. Tract (a) was planted 
 May xoth, nth; tract (), May i4th, isth; tract (V), May 22d. 
 
 Tracts (a) and (li) were cultivated four times between June ist and 
 25th, and the weeds remaining in the hills were removed with a hoe June 
 25th to 3oth. Tract (c) was cultivated five times between June 6th and 
 July 4th. All cultivation was done with a shallow cultivator the Tower. 
 
 The test made on tract (a) is, in the main, a repetition of one made 
 during the season of 1887. Fifteen varieties of corn which had taken 
 premiums at the Prairie farmer Corn Exhibit, at the Fat Stock Show in 
 1886, together with nine other varieties, were tested during that season. 
 This season the same varieties were planted on nearly the same plats, 
 seed for the purpose having been obtained from the original sources, so 
 as to obviate, as far as possible, difficulties from cross-fertilization arising 
 from continuous tests of different varieties upon adjacent plats. In a few 
 cases, the Station was unable to obtain fresh supplies of seed, and other 
 varieties were substituted, as is shown by comparing tables, pages 71 
 and 88. 
 
 The varieties planted on tracts (/>) and (r) were 82 in number, furn- 
 ished by the Farm, Field and Stockman, Chicago, III.; 39 furnished by 
 Thaddeus Chester, Champaign, III ; and 15 sent by different parties, as 
 noted in table, page 71. Certain duplicate plats \vcre planted to deter- 
 mine the relative merits of the different tracts and different portions of the 
 same tract. 
 
 PLAT EXPKRIMKN TA in >.\. 
 
 The relative merits of the different tracts and of the different por- 
 tions of the same tract are, obviously, a subject of prime importance. 
 
i88g.] 
 
 VIELD EXPERIMENTS WITH CORN 1888. 
 
 39 
 
 It is essential to know what would be the difference in results between 
 two plats planted with the same variety of corn, before we can judge of 
 the merits of two varieties from the results obtained under such con- 
 ditions. Learning, a yellow variety, and Burr's white, were selected for 
 duplicate tests. Learning was planted on plats 4, 10, 16, 26, 48, and 98, 
 and Burr's white, on plats 19, 25, 64, 143, and 162. The following table 
 gives the result in bushels per acre of air-dry corn: 
 
 TABLE SHOWING YIELD PER ACRE OF AIR-DRY CORN UPON DUPLICATE PLATS. 
 
 Tract (a). 
 
 Tract (). 
 
 Tract (r). 
 
 jj 
 
 1-qS 
 
 P o < 
 
 ' 
 
 ^ p cc 
 
 P O 5 
 
 
 
 "2-n 1 
 
 o ^ 
 
 ? 
 
 * 3 5f 
 
 
 o 
 
 f* ^ 8* 
 
 2-3 v^ 
 
 
 
 ^ rf 
 
 o' ^ 
 
 h < 
 
 2,81 
 
 ^< 2. 
 
 
 2, "" 
 
 ^ O ft 
 
 i_ 
 
 2, M" 
 
 -< 2,2. 
 
 p 
 
 PT3 
 
 S-o" 
 
 P 
 
 s^ 
 
 JTo- 
 
 p 
 
 8t! 
 
 P ^ 
 
 1 S-S 
 
 F S-2 
 
 
 O ft 
 
 c S- 2 
 
 
 
 O rt 
 
 -* -: 
 
 F S-2 
 
 4 
 10 
 
 83-7 
 
 1 88. 
 
 26 
 
 43 
 
 86. 
 
 88.5 
 
 [ 87.3 
 
 98 
 
 81.2 
 
 81.2 
 
 16 
 
 8 74 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 25 
 
 gl.O 
 
 j- 88. i 
 
 64 
 
 101.7 
 
 101.7 
 
 143 
 162 
 
 69.4 
 76.3 
 
 [72.8 
 
 
 
 88.1 
 
 
 
 945 
 
 
 
 77- 
 
 The plats of each of these tracts were more than usually uniform, to 
 all appearances, and care was taken to have the conditions as nearly alike 
 as might be. 
 
 There was a difference of over 9 bushels per acre between two plats 
 of Learning on tract (a), and of 2^ bushels on tract (/;). The difference 
 between two plats of Burr's white on tract (a) was nearly 6 bushels, and 
 on tract (V), nearly 7 bushels per acre/ These are greater differences than 
 are often found between quite unlike varieties, especially this year when 
 most of the varieties give a uniformly high yield. With the present 
 knowledge,, differences of 5 to 10 bushels per acre should be considered 
 within the possibility of error arising from uncontrollable variations in 
 conditions, especially with plats of i-io of an acre or less. 
 
 Taking an average of the two varieties, there was a difference of 
 about 6^ bushels per acre between tracts (a) and (), and between tracts 
 () and (r), of 17^ bushels, in both instances in favor of tract (/>) These 
 averages are probably not sufficient for any general conclusions; but, 
 doubtless, some such differences exist between the productiveness of the 
 three tracts. 
 
 [NOTK. It was intended in this experiment to use tracts () and (If) 
 only, which were both put into good condition and planted in good 
 season. After all the land best suited for the purpose had been used, and 
 after it was too late in the season for the best results, the seed of the 
 many varieties planted on tract (V) was unexpectedly received. Tract 
 (/) is a uniform piece of land, buJt considerably less fertile than tracts 
 ) and <*. 
 
40 BULLET/N NO. 4. [February, 
 
 Another phase of this subject is the size of the plats used. Other 
 things being equal, there is a greater chance of variations on small plats 
 than on large plats. Obviously, an accident to one hill on a plat of a 
 sixtieth of an acre produces sixty times the difference in yield per acre 
 that it would, if a hill were destroyed on an acre plat. By the law of 
 averages, the chance differences are in a measure counteracted on the 
 larger plats. This is illustrated in the weights of ear corn obtained from 
 each row of the several plats on tract (<z), as shown in table, page 77. 
 On plat 3 there was a difference of 16 pounds between rows 2 and 3. As 
 a row in this case was equal to 1-72 of an acre, the difference in yield 
 between equal rows of the same variety was about 16 bushels per acre. 
 The sum, however, of the weights of rows 2 and 3 of each of the 25 plats 
 differed 77 pounds, which was a difference of about 3 bushels per acre. 
 On plat 19 there was a difference in yield of 20 pounds between rows 4 
 and 5, equal to .about 20 bushels per acre; while the sums of the weights 
 of these rows on the 25 plats differ by only ^ of a pound, or about 1-30 
 of a bushel per acre. On plat 10 there was a difference of 10 pounds 
 between rows 6 and 7, equal to about 10 bushels per acre; while 
 the sums of the weights of these rows on the 25 plats differ only ^ of 
 a pound, or 1-30 of a bushel per acre. Again, the difference in yield of 
 row 8 of plats 6 and 7 was nearly 25 pounds, equal to about 25 bushels 
 per acre; while the difference in the yield per acre of these plats was, 
 when husked, 3.4 bushels, and when air- dry, i bushel per acre. It is easy 
 to see what error might have been made, if one row of each plat had been 
 selected as sufficient to determine the yield per acre of the several plats; 
 but yet that is what is done, in effect, when the size of the plats is reduced 
 to 1-72 of an acre or less. 
 
 The illustrations given are only a few of the more striking ones to 
 be found in the table on page 77. Those wishing further data, may find 
 them in the table in Experiment No. 8, and in tables in Experiment No if. 
 
 Great as are the difficulties of obtaining satisfactory results with 
 small plats, there are even greater difficulties with large plats. It is much 
 easier to obtain like conditions of soil with eighty one-fortieth-acre plats 
 than with eighty plats of an acre each. The expense of testing the 
 requisite number of varieties in other directions than that of the yield 
 per acre would, of course, be great on large plats and probably not com- 
 mensurate with the results. For the yield in itself in tests of these kinds 
 is, by no means, all that is sought. The season of growth, the percentage 
 of barren stalks, the height of stalk and ear, the size, shape, and other 
 characteristics of the ear, the relative percentage of water in the several 
 varieties tested, the pounds of ear corn to a bushel, the loss by dry- 
 ing, the determination of varieties and of variety differences are subjects 
 not depending on the size of plats, which it is hoped that the work pre- 
 sented in this bulletin indicates are of importance. To learn that a 
 variety, introduced as something wonderful, is merely an old variety under 
 a new name, or to find that a supposed variety of which different reports 
 
1889.] FIELD EXPERIMENTS WITH CORN 1888. 41 
 
 are made is. in fact, two varieties, is vastly more important than to learn 
 in. a particular test that two well known and meritorious varieties differ 
 by five or ten bushels per acre. 
 
 The yields per acre reported from small plats are somewhat greater 
 than would be obtained in field culture. As the experiment is conducted, 
 the smaller the plat the greater is the opportunity of obtaining a larger 
 yield per acre. So long as the plats are of equal size, the relative yields 
 will remain nearly the same; but where the plats are of unequal size, 
 there is opportunity for an appreciable variation. This may be illus- 
 trated by referring again to the table of field weights, page 77. On tract 
 (a) the average weight of ear corn of the two outside rows of the 25 plats 
 was 2,383 pounds, while the average weight of the six inside rows was 
 2,122 pounds, an increase of 261 pounds, or about 12 per cent, in each of 
 the outside rows. On tract (), plats 26 to 90, the west third and the 
 middle third of each plat were weighed separately. The outside third of 
 the 64 plats weighed 2,997 and the middle third, 2,766 pounds, an increase 
 on the outside third of 231 pounds or about 8 per cent. On tract (V), 
 Nos. 92 to 113, there are some irregularities, and the average of the out- 
 side sixth of the plats is but two pounds higher than that of the inside 
 sixth. On tract (V), Nos. 114 to 168, the average of the outside third is 
 again about 8 per cent, more than that of the inside third. On tract (a), 
 the outside rows are ^ of the whole plat; and, therefore, the yield of the 
 plats, was increased about 3 per cent. On tract (<), the outside third was 
 one-half the quantity used in determining the yield, and, therefore, the 
 yield of the plats was increased about four per cent.; while on tract (c\ 
 Nos. 114 to 168, as the outside third was two-thirds the quantity used, 
 the yield was increased five per cent. The reason for the increase in 
 yield is sufficiently obvious. The vacant land about each plat supplies 
 extra food to the adjacent row. In the plats on tract (#), which are one- 
 ninth of an acre each, this land amounts to about one-eight of the whole 
 plat; while in the plats on tract (/), Nos. 114 to 168, which are one-for- 
 tieth of an acre 'each, it amounts to about one-fourth of the whole plat. 
 The weights given were not taken for the purpose of determining the 
 question, and are not in most cases those that would best show this result, 
 as the weight of the outside row around the whole compared to the inner 
 portion of the plat is what would give the full difference. The weights 
 given, however, are believed to be sufficient in number to establish fully 
 the probability of error where different sized plats are used. 
 
 There is a further chance of error, and a probability also, in plats of 
 the same size. The larger and later maturing varieties require more room 
 for their full development than the smaller and earlier maturing varieties, 
 and for this reason it is customary to plant the hills farther apart some- 
 times five feet apart, it is said, in the more southern latitudes. On this 
 account the later maturing varieties are more affected by the vacant land 
 about the plats. On tract (a~), the outside rows of eight early maturing 
 varieties yielded eight per cent, more corn than the corresponding inside 
 
4 2 
 
 BULLETIN NO. 4. 
 
 rows; eleven medium maturing, twelve per cent, more, and six late and 
 non-maturing varieties, eighteen and one half per cent. more. This 
 would make an increase in yield above the normal for the whole plat of 
 two, three, and four and one-half per cent., respectively. 
 
 RESULTS. 
 
 In the tables, pages 71 to 88, are given in detail the results obtained 
 from the varieties tested, and a description and classification of a large 
 number of the dent varieties will be found on pages 48 to 67. A sum- 
 mary of the results obtained from 82 dent varieties, tested on tracts (a) 
 and (^), Nos. i to 85 (except Nos 75, 76, and 79, from which yields are 
 not reported on account of insufficient stand), is given below. The var- 
 ieties are divided into early maturing, which ripened this season in 125, 
 or less, days from date of planting; medium maturing, which ripened in 
 from 125 to 135 days; late maturing, which ripened in from 135 to 145 
 days; and non-maturing. On account of the later planting of the varie- 
 ties on tract (V), they can not be fairly brought into this classification 
 and are, therefore, omitted. 
 
 TABLE SHOWING SUMMARY OF RESULTS FOR EARLY MATURING VARIETIES; ME- 
 DIUM MATURING; LATE MATURING; AND NON-MATURING. 
 
 V 
 
 3 < 
 
 - <T> 
 
 c ~ 
 
 3 > 
 
 J> 
 
 , 
 
 2 5 
 
 2w 
 
 2 ? 
 
 3 ~ 
 
 
 - 3 
 
 " 
 
 s 
 
 73 
 
 
 
 
 ~2. n 
 
 -. n 
 
 Items. 
 
 OT9 i 
 
 n JT 
 
 52, 
 
 cfq o^ 
 
 
 1"^ 
 
 tl 
 
 1"^ 
 
 2^ 
 
 
 f 2 
 
 
 ^ ^* 
 
 en O 
 
 
 2_ 
 
 a' 
 
 f? 
 
 
 
 
 5 
 
 
 j 
 
 Percentage of kernels germinaiing in Geneva 
 
 
 
 
 
 apparatus . . .... 
 
 06 
 
 O7 
 
 oo. 
 
 78 
 
 Percentage of kernels producing plants in field 
 
 ' 
 
 71' 
 
 
 /o. 
 
 in 14 to 15 days.. 
 
 84. 
 
 So. 
 
 7J. 
 
 71 
 
 Percentage of full stand, 4 stalks per hill 
 
 88. 
 
 87. 
 
 8 
 
 / * 
 
 86. 
 
 Percentage of barren stalks 
 
 8. 
 
 / 
 I I. 
 
 .^ - 
 
 
 Average height of stalks, ft 
 
 08 
 
 " 
 
 II. e 
 
 12.2 
 
 * 
 
 12.7 
 
 Average height of butt of ear Irom ground, ft. . 
 
 4-5 
 
 J 
 
 5-5 
 
 6.2 
 
 / 
 
 7- 
 
 Average length of 3 specimen ears, inches 
 
 8-3 
 
 9- 
 
 97 
 
 99 
 
 Average circum. of 3 specimen ears, inches. . . . 
 
 633 
 
 6.97 
 
 7.22 
 
 7.06 
 
 Average circum. of 3 specimen cobs, inches. . . . 
 
 3 7 1 
 
 397 
 
 4.17 
 
 4.06 
 
 Number of good ears per acre 
 
 7-597- 
 
 7,482. 
 
 6,263. 
 
 5.678. 
 
 Number of nubbins per acre. . . . 
 
 2 048. 
 
 2,741. 
 
 2.74s. 
 
 271O 
 
 Total number of ears per acre 
 
 "' VT*-" 
 IO.545. 
 
 fc > / 1 * * 
 IO 22^ 
 
 / *r:>* 
 
 9,008. 
 
 *"" i ' 
 
 8.388. 
 
 Weight of 100 good ears, Ib 
 
 60. 
 
 ^')<r'*'J' 
 
 74. 
 
 
 100. 
 
 Weight of 100 nubbins, Ib. . 
 
 
 / T^ 
 
 EI. 
 
 So. 
 
 Weight of loo average ears, Ib.. 
 
 |??' 
 
 68. 
 
 80. 
 
 
 Lb. of ear corn to make bu. when husked 
 
 67.2 
 
 68.4 
 
 71 4 
 
 1 -T" 
 
 7 v S 
 
 Lb. of ear corn, when husked, tomake bu. air-dry. 
 
 / 
 
 73-3 
 
 _ ! 
 
 78.1 
 
 / 
 
 87.8 
 
 i j j 
 
 102 4 
 
 Yield per acre from good ears, bu. .... 
 
 67. 5 
 
 84. 
 
 81.2 
 
 77.7 
 
 Yield per acre from nubbins, bu 
 
 / j 
 15.1 
 
 *-"T' 
 
 1 8. 
 
 20.4 
 
 lit 
 16.4 
 
 Yield per acre, total, when husked, bu 
 
 826 
 
 IO2. 
 
 101.6 
 
 94.1 
 
 Yield, per acre of air dry corn, bushels 
 
 7;. 6 
 
 8q.S 
 
 83.2 
 
 67.8 
 
 Loss in drying, bu 
 
 / J 
 
 7. 
 
 7 
 
 12.2 
 
 **J "* 
 
 18.4 
 
 26.3 
 
 Percentage of water in corn when husked. . . 
 
 / 
 
 I o. ^ ^ 
 
 21 8 
 
 ^- -f 
 
 27.2 
 
 
1889.] FIELD EXPERIMENTS WITH CORN 1 888. 43 
 
 The percentage of seed germinating, as tested in the Geneva appa- 
 ratus, at an average temperature of 79 Fahrenheit, showed that the seed 
 of the early maturing and medium maturing varieties was generally of 
 extra good quality; that seed of the late maturing varieties was of fair 
 quality; that seed of what proved to be non-maturing varieties here was 
 of poor quality, only about three-fourths germinating. Of course, where 
 the seed was grown, those that hero proved non-maturing were maturing 
 varieties, and some of the varieties, which here were early maturing, would, 
 where the seed was grown, be late maturing. The percentage of kernels 
 producing plants in fourteen to fifteen days after planting was least in the 
 non-maturing and most in the early maturing varieties. In the early 
 maturing varieties 13; in the medium maturing, 28; in the late maturing, 
 18; and in the non maturing, 10 per cent, of the corn capable of germi- 
 nating under favorable conditions failed to produce plants in the field in 
 two weeks. 
 
 Four stalks to a hill, the number of kernels planted, is considered a 
 full stand, merely for purposes of comparison, and is not to be taken as 
 indicating the proper thickness of planting. There was, on an average, 
 in each division -about seven eighths of a full stand, or 3^ stalks per hill. 
 This includes suckers. In giving the yields, no correction has been made 
 for differences in stand. Undoubtedly the number of stalks per hill or 
 per acre will affect the yield; but it can be no less doubted that there is 
 no constant relation between the number of stalks per acre and the yield. 
 
 In Experiment No. 5, in which corn was planted under similar con- 
 ditions in six degrees of thickness, it will be seen that the average number 
 of stalks harvested per acre was 29,500, 17,100, 13,900, 12,400, 11,500, 
 and 6,200, while the yield of corn per acre was 89, 95, 87, 87, 72, and 60 
 bushels, respectively. In the last case, the stand was one-half a full 
 stand. Assuming that the yield must be doubled to make up for the 
 deficiency in the "stand would make the yield 120 bushels. But, in fact, 
 the yield from a full stand was but 87 bushels per acre. 
 
 The number of barren stalks was greatest in the late maturing vari- 
 eties, 13 per cent., and least in the early maturing varieties, 8 per cent. 
 The greatest per cent, of barren stalks in any one variety of those under 
 consideration was in No. 28. Several varieties had no barren stalks. 
 
 The date of maturity decidedly affects the height of the ears, and 
 is one of the many indications of the adaptability of the plant to climatic 
 differences. In height of stalk, the most difference was found between 
 the early maturing and medium maturing varieties, the former being 9.8 
 feet and the latter 11.5 feet; the least difference was found between the 
 late maturing and non-maturing varieties, the former being 12.2 feet and 
 the latter 12.7 feet. The total average difference in height of stalk be- 
 tween the early maturing and non-maturing varieties was nearly 3 feet; 
 and of ear, 2^/2 feet. The average height of ear of the early maturing vari- 
 eties, 4 l /z feet, would probably be most convenient for the husker. The 
 highest stalks wore those of No. 62, Gould Hill prolific, which average-l 
 
44 IH-I.LRTIN NO. 4. [February, 
 
 14^4 feet, with ears 9 feet high. One stalk was measured that was 16^ 
 feet high, and the ear was 10 feet from the ground. The shortest stalks 
 of any dent variety were those of No. 138, Dakota red, which averaged 
 lYz feet high, with ears 2^ feet high. 
 
 Both the size and weight of the ear increased from the early to the 
 late maturing varieties. The average weight of 100 ears, when husked, in 
 the early maturing varieties was 53 pounds; in the medium maturing, 68; 
 and in the late maturing varieties, 80. While the length of the ears in 
 the non-maturing varieties was greater than in the late maturing, 
 neither the diameter of the ear nor of the cob was so large. The weight 
 of 100 ears was 4 pounds greater; but, owing to the much larger percent- 
 age of water in the immature corn, when dry, the weight would probably 
 be less. 
 
 The average per cent, of water in 27 early maturing varieties was 
 18.33 P er cent.; 32 medium maturing varieties, 21.80; in the late matur- 
 ing varieties, 27.20; and in the non-maturing varieties, 35 95. In other 
 words, there was somewhat over a sixth more water in medium maturing 
 than in the early maturing; about one-half more in the late maturing; 
 and twice as much in the non-maturing varieties. 
 
 The plats were huskecl October 2oth to 3oth, and from one to five 
 days (usually three days) after husking, corn of each plat was shelled 
 and the water determined in an average sample. Generally the early 
 maturing varieties had the appearance and feel of well dried corn; the 
 medium varieties were in good merchantable condition, such as corn is 
 in usually when husked; in the late maturing varieties, many of the ears, 
 although usually solid, were moist to the feel; and the non-maturing 
 varieties contained many soft ears. 
 
 Two varieties, Learning and Burr's white, of thoroughly air-dry corn 
 one year old, were sampled during the fall of 1887, and the percentage of 
 water in each ascertained. Learning contained 10.91 per cent, and Burr's 
 white, 11.29 P er cent., or on an average, practically, eleven per cent, of 
 water. Many analyses have been made which show that air-dry corn has 
 a comparatively constant percentage of water. In the calculations given, 
 therefore, corn containing eleven per cent, of water is assumed to be air- 
 dry. Commercial corn contains, probably, a somewhat higher percentage 
 of water, taking an average of all seasons of the year, but on this point 
 there are no data. 
 
 Granting air-dry corn to contain eleven per cent, of water, the loss 
 from the time the crop was gathered until it became thoroughly air-day 
 would be, in 1,000 bushels of the early maturity varieties, 85 bushels; of 
 the medium maturing, 120; of the late maturing, 180; of the non-matur- 
 ing varieties, 280. When the corn was husked it took 67 pounds of ear 
 corn to make a bushel 56 pounds of shelled corn in the early maturing 
 varieties; 68 pounds in the medium maturing; 71, in the late maturing; 
 and 74, in the non-maturing varieties. To make a bushel of thoroughly 
 air-dry corn it took, when the corn was husked, 73 pounds of ear corn in 
 
1889.] FIi:i I) F.Xl'F.RI.MKNTS WITH CORN 1888. 45 
 
 the early maturing; 78, in the medium maturing; 88, in the late maturing; 
 and 102, in the non-maturing varieties. 
 
 The medium maturing .varieties gave the largest yield, 102 bushels 
 when husked and 90 bushels when air-dry. The yield of the late matur- 
 ing was about equal to the medium maturing when husked, but it was 6.5 
 bushels less when dry* The yield of the early maturing varieties when 
 husked was about 83 bushels, when dry, 76 bushels; while of the non- 
 maturing when husked, it was 94, and when dry, 68 bushels. The loss 
 per acre was, therefore, in the early maturing varieties, 7 bushels; in the 
 medium maturing, 12; in the late maturing, 18; and in the non-maturing, 
 26. Any one wishing to know the relative yield of any given variety on 
 tracts (0) and () should compare the yield of the variety in question 
 with the average of the class to which it belongs, as given in the above 
 table. It must be constantly borne in mind that a difference of 5 to 10 
 bushels in yield may often be due to accidental and uncontrollable cir- 
 cumstances; and, in judging of the merits of a variety, other results than 
 the yield in a particular test should be carefully considered. In the de- 
 scription of varieties, the merit of certain varieties for the different por- 
 tions of the state has been commented upon according to the indications 
 in the test of one and, in some cases, two years. 
 
 RESULTS OF 1887 AND 1888 COMPARED. 
 
 Eighteen of the plats of tract (0) have grown the same variety of 
 corn two years successively, care being taken to get fresh seed from its 
 original sources for the second year's planting. The average yield per 
 acre when the corn was husked for 1887 was 32.1 bushels; and for 1888 
 it was 94.2 bushels. Seed of the same varieties, obtained from the same 
 sources, planted on the same plats, and given as nearly as possible the 
 same culture, yielded, when husked, nearly three times as much corn in 
 1888 as it did in 1887. The largest yield per acre of air dry corn in 1887 
 was 36.5 bushels from an early maturing variety, No. 14, Murdock; and in 
 1888 the largest yield was 93 bushels from a medium maturing variety, No. 
 4, Learning. Six early maturing varieties in 1887 averaged 29 bushels per 
 acre; seven medium maturing varieties, 30; and four late maturing varieties, 
 28. In 1888 the yield of dry corn per acre from the same was 82, 86, and 
 87 bushels, respectively. In the season of 1887 the percentage of water in 
 the several varieties was estimated from sample ears, and not from aver- 
 age samples. The percentages of water are, therefore, somewhat too low 
 and the bushels of air-dry corn per acre, as given, a little too high. As 
 determined, the average percentage of water in the eighteen varieties 
 under consideration in 1887 was 18.35, while in 1888 it was 21.39. Ac- 
 cording to this, in the season of 1887 the yield per acre of dry.corn was 29.4 
 bushels, while in 1888 it was 83.2 bushels. The loss of a thousand bush- 
 els in drying would have been 83 bushels in 1887 and 117 bushels in 1888. 
 
 When husked, it required 70.4 pounds of ear corn to produce a 
 bushel of shelled corn in 1887, and 68 pounds in 1888. Seemingly, since 
 
BULLETIN NO. 4. 
 
 [February, 
 
 the cob develops earlier than the corn, the early part of the season of 
 1887 was better suited for the growth of corn than the latter part. At 
 any rate, there was more corn in proportion to cob in 1888 than in 1887. 
 In 1887 there was 82 per cent, of a full stand, with 33 per cent, or 
 one-third of the stalks barren; in 1888 there was 88 per cent, of a full 
 stand, with 10 per cent, of the stalks barren. Tbe largest per cent, of 
 barren stalks in 1887 was 63 and the smallest 22; in 1888 the largest per- 
 centage of barren stalks of the eighteen varieties was 22, and the small- 
 est 3. The percentage of barren stalks was determined in seven varieties 
 in 1886. The average was 14 per cent ; the greatest, 25; the least 6. [See 
 Thirteenth Report, University of III., p. /po.] 
 
 THE SKASONS COMPARED. 
 
 It will probably be many years before two seasons of such marked 
 extremes in the development of Indian corn as those of 1887 and 1888- 
 occur again successively in this state. It is interesting to note the differ- 
 ences in meteorological conditions which brought about these results. 
 Agriculturally considered, the two principal meteorological conditions are 
 temperature and rainfall, although they are not the only ones. The fol- 
 lowing table gives facts reported by the Illinois Weather Service: 
 
 TABLE SHOWING TEMPERATURE AND RAINFALL MAY i TO SEPT. 30, 1887 AND 1888. 
 
 Month. 
 
 Mean temperature, F. 
 
 Rainfall, inches. 
 
 1887. 
 
 1888. 
 
 Average 
 for 10 
 years. 
 
 1887. 
 
 1888. 
 
 Average 
 for 10 
 
 years. 
 
 May 
 
 67.9 
 73-6 
 80.4 
 75-2 
 664 
 
 59-2 
 73-' 
 77.0 
 72.1 
 62 o 
 
 63.0 
 71.2 
 76.7 
 740 
 660 
 
 384 
 1.62 
 liftj 
 
 2.l?6 
 
 3-23 
 
 6.84 
 
 5-75 
 5-34 
 3- '4 
 1.46 
 
 4.66 
 5.10 
 2 99 
 
 3-43 
 3.12 
 
 June 
 
 July .. 
 
 August 
 
 September 
 
 Average and total . . 
 
 72.7 
 
 68.7 
 
 70.2 
 
 12 90 
 
 22-53 
 
 19 10 
 
 The average daily temperature was four degrees lower in i88& 
 than in 1887. During a period of five months this amounts to a differ- 
 ence of six hundred degrees of temperature. In 1887 the mean daily 
 temperature was 2.5 degrees above the normal for ten years, and in 1888 
 it was 1.5 degrees below the normal. This, in the latter, amounted to 225 
 degrees during the growing season, and it may reasonably be concluded 
 that the term of growth was thereby somewhat prolonged. 
 
 The rainfall during the first four months of the corn-growing season 
 probably had the greatest influence on the growth of the corn crop. The 
 rainfall during September may have small effect upon the later maturing 
 varieties; but the early maturing varieties are practically ripe on or soon 
 
1889.] IIKI.D EXPERIMENTS WITH CORN 1888. 47 
 
 after the first of September. The rainfall for May, June, July, and August, 
 in 1887, was 9.67 inches, and in 1888 it was 21.07 inches; the normal for 
 the past ten years was 16.18 inches. The rainfall for these four months 
 in 1887 was considerably less than one-half what it was in 1888. During 
 June and July the rainfall in 1887 was 3.27 inches, and in 1888 it was 1 1 .09 
 inches, while the normal for ten years for these months was 8 09 inches. 
 
 CLASSIFICATION AND DESCRIPTION OF A PORTION OF THE VARIETIES OF DENT CORN 
 
 TESTED. 
 
 The classification here attempted is an arbitrary one, based upon 
 three simple and obvious characteristics, the date of maturity, the color 
 of the kernels, and the relative roughness of the ears. It is adopted that 
 the corn raiser may find all those varieties possessing any particular com- 
 bination of these characters grouped together. If a medium maturing, 
 yellow, rough variety, or an early maturing, white, smooth variety is 
 desired, the varieties tested possessing these characteristics will be found 
 grouped, and where the searcher may easily determine which one of 
 those described most nearly meets his wishes. 
 
 The classification into early, medium, late, and non-maturing vari- 
 eties, is, of course, for this latitude. It has been found in practice that 
 what is an early maturing variety here becomes, when planted in the 
 extreme northern portion of the state, a late maturing variety; and that 
 varieties which mature readily in southern Illinois often will not mature 
 here. Those varieties maturing this season in 125 or less days from date 
 of planting are considered early; those maturing in from 125 to 135 days,, 
 medium; those maturing from 135 to 145 days, late. When corn became 
 sufficiently hard not to be sensibly injured by frost it was considered 
 mature. 
 
 In the description and measurements, three specimen ears were used. 
 The best of the type were always sought. If large ears were the special 
 characteristic of a variety, large ears were sought. If a compact, 
 medium-sized ear, evenly rounded at butt and, tip, was the type, ears pos- 
 sessing these characteristics were sought. The descriptions'were made 
 with a view to their usefulness to those wishing to determine the rela- 
 tive merits of the different varieties. The purity, as indicated by con- 
 formity to a given type; the length and diameter of ear; the size and 
 color of cob; the relative roughness of ear; its shape, cylindrical, or 
 more or less tapering; whether butt is evenly rounded, or compressed 
 rounded, that is, becoming distinctly smaller as it rounds over, or not 
 rounded; shape of tip, whether filled or not' filled; the difficulty of break- 
 ing the ear from the ear stalk, as indicated by the size of the ear stalk; 
 the firmness of the kernel on the ear; the shape of the kernel, whether 
 wedge-shaped, rectangular, or polygonal (five or more sides in outline); 
 size (it may help the reader to know that an average-sized dent kernel is 
 y% inch long and 3/ inch wide); color; manner of denting, whether dimple 
 or crease, whether, in the latter case, the sides of the crease are pinched 
 
48 r.ru.KTiN NO. 4. [February, 
 
 together, or whether there is more or less of a ragged projection from the 
 chit side; the usual number of rows, their regularity, and the quantity of 
 space between them, are all of importance in forming a judgment of a 
 variety, and have received attention in the description. And in many 
 cases there have been given, in addition, the field results in condensed 
 form [see tables, pages 71 and 88], including height of stalk; height of 
 butt of ear from ground; percentage of barren stalks; season of growth 
 (number of days from planting to maturity); weight of one hundred good 
 ears, one hundred nubbins, and one hundred average ears; number of ears 
 per acre; per cent, of water in shelled corn, when husked; yield per acre 
 of shelled corn, as husked, and when thoroughly air-dry, that is, contain- 
 ing ii per cent, of water; and the number of pounds of ear corn, when 
 husked, required to make a bushel of shelled corn at that time, and also 
 the number of pounds of ear corn, when husked, required to make a 
 bushel of shelled corn when thoroughly air-dry. The endeavor has been 
 to bring together the results of the season's work in such a manner that 
 each reader may form his own opinion of the value of the different varie- 
 ties as indicated by this season's test. Suggestions as to the relative 
 merits have, however, sometimes been made to aid the reader; but they 
 are merely the impressions formed from one season's test. 
 
 Specimens having like characteristics, although bearing dissimilar 
 names, have been grouped together. This has been done with the reser- 
 vation that specimens classed together this year, may be found in succeed- 
 ing tests to have dissimilar characteristics not noted this season, and that 
 those seeming slightly dissimilar this season may in succeeding tests be 
 found so similar as to be classed together. 
 
 No description is given of the flint varieties tested, which are only 
 grown in this state as a novelty; nor of a considerable number of dent 
 varieties, some of which are mere novelties, while others lack sufficient 
 uniformity of type or merit to make them worthy of attention. 
 
 Early Mattiring Varieties are described on pages 48-53. 
 
 Meaium Maturing Varieties, on pages 53-60. 
 
 Late Maturing Varieties, on pages 60-65. 
 
 Non~Naturing Varieties, on pages 65-67. 
 
 The field results for each variety tested, so far as obtained, will be 
 found in the tables following the descriptions. When they are not given 
 with the description, see tables. 
 
 EARLY MATURING VARIETIES Kernels, ye/faivEzrs, smooth. 
 
 No. fj,* Murdoch; seed grown on University farm. No. 14, Murdoch; seed grown 
 by Wm. T. Lamb, Ridott, Stephenson Co., 111. Synonyms No. 12, Prairie Queen; 
 seed grown by Nathaniel Pease, Ouincy, 111. No. 27, IVilTs go day; seed from Farm, 
 Field and Stockman. No. jo, GoddariC s favorite; seed from Farm, Field and Stock- 
 man. No. ,->/, Dammeirs; seed from T. Chester, Champaign, 111. No. 34, Bonus 
 Prairie; seed grown by Allen E. Smith, Marengo, McIIenry Co., 111. No. 54, Queen of 
 
 *The numbers are the same as those of the plats on which the corn was planted. 
 
1889.] FIELD EXPERIMENTS WITH CORN 1888. 49 
 
 the prairie; seed from T. Chester, Champaign, 111. No, 105, Yellow Clauge; No. log, 
 Farmer' 1 s favorite; No. no, Queen of the prairie; seed from Farm, hield and Stockman. 
 
 Type, uniform. Ears, 7^ to 8*4 inches long, 1.75 to 2.1 inches in diameter. Cobs, 
 red, rather small, i to 1.3 inches in diameter. Ears, smooth, tapering; butt and tip 
 evenly rounded, the latter particularly well filled. Juncture, medium, y 2 to % inch in 
 diameter. Kernels, firmly fixed; thick, perfectly wedge-shaped; 7-16 to ^ inch long, 
 j^ to 5-16 inch wide; yellow above, orange below; long dimple-dented; tip kernels, not 
 dented. Rows, usually 18 to 20, regular, no space between, often compacted like the 
 cells of honeycomb. 
 
 An average of the eleven plats gave height of stalk, 10^ feet; of ear, 4^ feet. 
 Six per cent, of the stalks were barren. The season was about 125 days. One hundred 
 good ears weighed 62 pounds; nubbins, 39; and average ears, 55. The number of good 
 ears per acre was 7,420; of nubbins, 2,927; total, 10,347. The yield per acre of shelled 
 corn, as husked, was (good ears, 68; nubbins, 17) 85 bushels, with 85 per cent, of a full 
 stand, and of thoroughly air-dry corn, 75.7 bushels. There was 20.05 P er cent, of water 
 in the shelled corn when husked. At that time it took 68 pounds of ear corn to make a 
 bushel of shelled corn, and 75 pounds to make a bushel of thoroughly air dry corn. 
 
 An excellent early variety for central Illinois, and for general culture in the more 
 northern portion of the state. Farmer's favorite, as applied to No. 109, is wrong. 
 
 No. 35, Sibley's pride of the north; No. 36, North star; seed from T. Chester. 
 
 Type, uniform. Ears, 7^ to 7^ inches long; 1.5 to 1.9 inches in diameter. Cob, 
 red, medium sized, I to 1.3 inches in diameter. Ears, smooth, slightly tapering, butt 
 and tip evenly rounded, well filled; juncture, rather small, y 2 to ^ inch in diameter. 
 Kernels, firmly fixed; nearly rectangular; corners rounding, making openness between 
 rows; 7-16 to ^ inch long, 5-16 inch wide; yellow above, orange below; long, dimple- 
 dented. Rows, 12 to 16, regular; space between, sometimes distinct, in best specimens, 
 slight. 
 
 Taking an average of the two plats, the height of stalk was 8^ feet; of ear, 4^ 
 feet. Seven per cent, of the stalks were barren. The season was from May I4th to 
 September ioih, or about 120 days. One hundred good ears weighed 48 pounds; nub- 
 bins, 22; average ears, 42. The number of good ears per acre was 9,630; of nubbins, 
 2,430; total, 12,060. The yield per acre of shelled corn, as husked, was (good ears, 69; 
 nubbins, 8.2) 77.2 bushels, and of thoroughly air-dry corn, 72.6 bushels, with 95 per 
 cent, of a full stand. There was 16.26 per cent, of water in corn when shelled. At that 
 time it required 66 pounds of ear corn to produce a bushel of shelled corn; 70 pounds 
 of ear corn to produce a bushel of thoroughly air- dry corn. 
 
 Similar to No. 13, except smaller and earlier. 
 
 No. 9, Golden rod; seed grown by E. Morris, Decatur, Van Buren Co., Mich. 
 
 Type, moderately uniform. Ears, 9 to 9^ inches long, 2 to 2.3 inches in diameter. 
 Cobs, red, medium sized, 1.2 to 1.3 inches in diameter. Ears, smooth, tapering, butt 
 sometimes swollen, not well rounded, tip rather rounding and well filled". Juncture, 
 rather large, % inch in diameter. Kernels, firmly fixed; thick, nearly rectangular; 9-16 
 to $ inch long, 5-16 to ^ inch wide, long to round, dimple-dented. Rows, 14 to 18; 
 sometimes space between, rather distinct. 
 
 The average height of stalk was 10^ feet; of ear, 4^. Four per cent, of the stalks 
 were barren. The season was from May loth to September loth, or about 125 days. 
 One hundred good ears weighed 66 pounds; nubbins, 46; average ears, 59. The number 
 of good ears per acre was 6,912; of nubbins, 3,312; total, 10,224. The yield per acre of 
 shelled corn, as husked, was (good ears, 72.3; nubbins, 24.2) 96.7 bushels, and of thor- 
 oughly air-dry corn, 87.3 bushels, with 88 per cent, of a full stand. There was 19.54 per 
 cent, of water in corn when husked. At that time it took 65.5 pounds of ear corn to make 
 a bushel of shelled corn, and 72.7 pounds to make a bushel of thoroughly air- dry corn. 
 
 This variety is not attractive in appearance, but it is large for its season of growth, 
 and may, therefore, be recommended for general culture in northern Illinois. 
 
50 BULLETIN NO. 4. [February, 
 
 A'o. jo, Turkey ; seed from T Chester. 
 
 Ears, f>Yi to 9 inches long, 1.9 inches in diameter. Cobs, white, rather small, I.I to 
 1.2 inches in diameter. Ears, smooth, slightly tapering to cylindrical, butt swollen to 
 compressed rounded, tip pointed, fairly filled. Juncture, rather large, ^ to % inch in 
 diameter. Kernels, firmly fixed; very broadly wedge-shaped, y 2 to 9 16 inch long and 
 wide; yellow to white above, yellow to orange below; long, shallow crease dented. 
 Rows, ten, twisted; space between, slight. 
 
 The season was from May 14 to September loth, or about I2O days. 
 
 1'robably not desirable for general culture. 
 
 EARLY MATURING VARIETIES Kernels, _j-<?//W; Ears, rough. 
 
 A'o. i, Edmonds corn," seed grown by H. P. Edmonds, Taylor, Ogle Co., 111. 
 
 Uniform in type. Ears, 7^ to 8 inches long, 2 inches jn diameter. Cobs, red, 
 small, I to 1.2 inches in diameter. Ears, rough, slightly tapering, almost cylindrical, 
 butt and tip well rounded, latter well filled. Juncture, rather small, ^ inch in diameter. 
 Kernels, firmly fixed: wedge shaped, ^ inch long, 5-16 inch wide; yellow above, orange 
 below; crease-dented, ragged. Rows, 16 to 18, -regular; space between, slight. 
 
 The average height of stalk was 10% feet; of ear, 4^ feet. Seven per cent, of the 
 stalks were barren. The season was from May loth to September loth, or about 125 
 days. One hundred good ears weighed 62 pounds; nubbins, 39; and average ears, 54. 
 The number of good ears per acre was 7,488; nubbins, 3,888; total, 11,376. The yield 
 per acre of shelled corn, as husked, was (good ears, 68.5; nubbins, 22.7) 91.2 bushels, 
 and of thoroughly air-dry corn, 83.7 bushels, with 88 per cent, of a full stand. There 
 was 18.28 per cent, of water in corn when husked. At that time it took 65.5 pounds of 
 ear corn to make a bushel of shelled corn, and 71.4 pounds to make a bushel of thor- 
 oughly air-dry corn. 
 
 This variety is to be recommended for general culture in the northern, and as an 
 early variety for the central, portion of the state. 
 
 No. 32, Kane county pride; seed from R. Shedden, Pingree Grove, Kane Co., 111. 
 Synonym No. 29, Zei^ler^s go-day ; seed from Farm, Field and Stockman. 
 
 Type, uniform. Ears, 7^ to 9 inches long, 2 to 2.3 inches in diameter. Cobs, red, 
 medium sized, i.i to 1.3 inches in diameter. Ears, rough, tapering; butt, compressed 
 rounded; top rather pointed, well filled. Juncture, medium, l / 2 to % inch long. 
 Kernels, firmly fixed; rather narrowly wedge-shaped, ^ to 11-16 inch long, % to 5-16 
 wide; yellow above, orange below; crease-dented, pinched, sometimes ragged. Rows, 
 18 to 20; at butt, irregular; space between, slight. 
 
 Taking an average of the two plats, the height of stalk was n feet; of ear, 5^ 
 feet. Ten per cent. f the stalks were barren. The season was from May I4th to Sep- 
 tember loth, or about 120 days. One hundred good ears weighed 69 pounds; nubbins, 
 43; average ears, 62. The number of good ears per acre was 6,480; of nubbins, 2,640; 
 total, 9,120. The yield per acre of shelled corn, as husked, was (good ears, 68.1; nub- 
 bins, 17.5) 85.6 bushels, with 87 f per cent, of a full stand. The total yield per acre 
 of thoroughly air-dry corn was 75.1 bushels. There was. 21.18 per cent, of water in 
 corn as husked. At that time it took 65.6 pounds of ear corn to make a bushel of 
 shelled corn, and 74.2 pounds to make a bushel of thoroughly air-dry corn. 
 
 No. 29 is a little the larger, and a little deeper grained. An excellent early variety, 
 very similar to No. I. 
 
 Afo. J~. King of I 'he earliest; seed grown by A. L. Goddard, Waucoma, Fayette Co., 
 Iowa. Synonym No. 28, Dakota yo-day; seed from Farm, Field and Stockman. 
 
 Type, fairly uniform. Ears, 7 to 1^4 inches long, 1.9 to 2 inches in diameter. Cobs, 
 red, small, I to I.I inches in dianu-ler. Ears, rough, tapering; butt, well rounded; tip, 
 rather pointed, not always well filled. Juncture, small, l / 2 inch in diameter. Kernels 
 
1889-] FIELD EXI'KRIMKN I'S WITH CORN 1888. 51 
 
 firmly fixed; wedge shaped, ^ inch long, 5-16 inch wide; crease-dented, pinched, 
 ragged; yellow above, orange below. Rows, 14 to 16; space between, slight. 
 
 An average of the two plats gave height of stalk, S)4 feet; of ear, 3^ feet. Nine 
 per cent, of the stalks were barren. Season was from May I4th to September loth, or 
 about 120 days. One hundred good ears weighed 45 pounds; nubbins, 26; average ears, 
 41. The number of good ears per acre was 7.410; of nubbins, 2,640; total, 10,050. The 
 yield per acre of shelled corn, as husked, was (good ears. 52; nubbins, 10.08) 62.8 
 bushels, with 86 per cent, of a full stand. The total yield per acre of thoroughly air-dry 
 corn was 59.5 bushels. There was 15.59 P er cent, of water in corn when husked. At 
 that time it took 64 4 pounds to make a bushel of shelled corn, and 70 pounds to make 
 a bushel of thoroughly air dry corn. 
 
 To be recommended as an early variety for northern Illinois. 
 
 No. 38, HHTs impravtd go-day f seed from T. Chester. 
 
 Type, uniform. Ears, 7 to 8 inches long, 1.9 to 2.1 inches in diameter. Cobs, red, 
 I to 1.2 inches in diameter. Otherwise like Nos. 37 and 28, next above. 
 
 The average height of stalk was 9^ feet; of ear, 4^ feet. Ten per cent, of the 
 stalks were barren. The season was from May I4th to September loth, or about 120 
 days. One hundred good ears weighed 51 pounds; nubbins, 34; and average ears, 46. 
 The number of good ears per acre was 8,820; of nubbins, 2,820; total, 11,640. The 
 yield of shelled corn per acre, as husked, was (good ears, 69.1; nubbins, 13.7) 82.8 
 bushels, with 102 per cent, of a full stand. The total yield of thoroughly air dry corn 
 was 77.2 bushels. There was 17.02 per cent, of water in the corn when husked. At 
 that time it took 65.4 pounds of ear corn to make a bushel of shelled corn, and 70.4 to 
 make a bushel of thoroughly air-dry corn. 
 
 Probably worthy of general culture in northern Illinois. 
 
 EARLY MATURING VARIETIES Kernels, white Ears, smooth. 
 
 No. 23, Champion of the north; seed grown by A. L. Goddard, Wacouma, Fayette 
 Co., Iowa. Synonym-- A'o. ibi,go day white; seed from Farm, Held and Stockman. 
 
 Type, uniform. Ears, 7 to -8*4 inches long, 1.9 to 2.1 inches in diameter. Cobs, 
 white, medium sized, i.i to 1.3 inches in diameter. Ears, rather smooth, tapering, 
 evenly rounded at butt and tip. Juncture, small, % to % inches in diameter. Kernels, 
 wedge-shaped, corners slightly rounding; 9-16 inch long, y s inch wide; white above, 
 horn-white below; crease dented. Rows, 1410 16; a little space between, near surface. 
 
 An average of the two plats gave height of stalk gj^ feet; of ear, 4^ feet. Five 
 per cent, of the stalks were barren. The season was less than 125 days. One hundred 
 good ears weighed 60 pounds; nubbins, 38; average ears, 51 The number of good ears 
 per acre was 6,210; of nubbins, 4,368; total, 10,578. The yield per acre of shelled corn, 
 as husked, was (good ears, 54.8; nubbins, 23.7) 78.5 bushels, and of thoroughly air-dry 
 corn was 72 bushels, with 80 per cent, of a full stand. There was 18. 12 per cent, of 
 water in the shelled corn when husked. At that time it took 66.7 pounds of ear corn to 
 make a bushel of shelled corn, and 72.7 pounds to make a bushel of thoroughly air-dry 
 corn. 
 
 A good early variety for the extreme northern portion of the state. 
 
 No. 6j, Iowa king; seed from T. Chester. 
 
 Ears, 10 to n inches long; 2.1 to 2.25 inches in diameter. Cobs, white, large, 1.4 
 to 1.6 inches in diameter. Ears, smooth, nearly cylindrical; butt, not rounded; tip, blunt. 
 Juncture, large, % to I inch in diameter. Kernels, firmly fixed; wedge-shaped, corners 
 rounded; ^ to ^ inch long, ^ inch wide; white; long, dimple-dented. Rows, 12 to 16, 
 some space between. 
 
 The season was from May I4th to September loth, or about 120 days. Very large 
 for an early variety. 
 
52 BULLETIN NO. 4. \_Fcbtuary, 
 
 No. 20, Princeton; seed grown by Wm. T. Lamb, Ridott. Stephenson Co., 111. 
 Synonyms No. 61, Early Wisconsin white cap; No. 159, White Wabash; seed from 
 Farm, Field and Stockman. 
 
 Type, uniform. Ears, 7^ to 8% inches long, 2 to 2.2 inches in diameter. Cobs, red 
 or white, rather large, 1.3 to 1.4 inches in diameter. Ears, smooth, tapering; butt, well 
 rounded; tip, bluntly rounded, not well filled. Juncture, small, ^ to ^ inch in diameter. 
 Kernels, very firmly fixed; wedge-shaped to rectangular, )4 to 9-16 inch long, 5-16 inch 
 wide; white above, white to orange below; round to long, dimple-dented. Rows, 18 to 
 20, no space between. 
 
 An average of the three plats gave height of stalk 9^ feet; of ear, 4J/. Five per 
 cent, of the stalks were barren. The season was less than 125 days. One hundred good 
 ears weighed 60 pounds; nubbins, 38; average ears, 53. The number of good ears per 
 acre was 7,760; of nubbins, 3,052; total, 10,812. The yield per acre of shelled corn, as 
 husked, was (good ears, 69; nubbins, 16.7) 85.7 bushels, with 87 per cent, of a full stand. 
 The total yield per acre of thoroughly air-dry corn was 79.2 bushels. There was 17.09 
 per cent, of water in the shelled corn when husked. At that time, it took 67.8 pounds of 
 ear corn to make a bushel of shelled corn and 73.4 pounds to make a bushel of thor- 
 oughly air dry corn. 
 
 No. 36, White cap; seed grown by C. Leete & Son, Mooreheadville, Pa. 
 
 Type, uniform. Ears, 8^ to 9^ inches long, 2.1 to 2.25 inches in diameter. Cobs, 
 red or white, rather large, 1.2 to 1.4 inches in diameter. Ears, smooth, tapering, butt 
 slightly rounded, tip rather pointed. Juncture, large, ^ to \y% inches in diameter. 
 Kernels, firmly fixed; wedge-shaped, ^ to 9-16 inch long, 5-16 to ^ inch wide; white 
 above, white to orange below; long dimple-dented. Rows, 14 to 20, no space between. 
 
 The average height of stalk was 9 feet; of ear, 3^ feet. Nine per cent, of the 
 stalks were barren. The season was from May I4th to September loth, or about 120 
 days. One hundred good ears weighed 64 pounds; nubbins, 36; average ears, 56. The 
 yield per acre of shelled corn, as husked, was (good ears, 60; nubbins, 13.1) 73.1 bushels, 
 and of thoroughly air-dry corn, 64.9 bushels, with 96 per cent, of a full stand. There was 
 20.99 P er cen *- f moisture in corn when husked. At that time it took 67.3 pounds 
 of ear corn to make a bushel of shelled corn, and 75-8 pounds to make a bushel of thor- 
 oughly air-dry corn. 
 
 No. 57, Ohio -white cap; seed from T. Chester. 
 
 Type uniform. Ears, 10 to 10^ inches long, 1.9 to 2.2 inches in diameter. Cobs, 
 white, medium sized, i.i to 1.4 inches in diameter. Ears, smooth, cylindrical; butt, 
 slightly swollen, not rounded; tip, bluntly rounded. Kernels, thick; wedge-shaped to 
 rectangular, 7-16 to y 2 inch long, ^ to 7-16 inch wide; white above, white to orange 
 below; rounded to long dimple dented. Rows, 14 to 16; space between, slight. 
 
 Tne season was from May I4th to September loth, or about 120 days. 
 
 EARLY MATURING VARIETIES Kernels, white Ears, rough. 
 
 No. 3$, Wood-worth 80 day; seed from T. Chester. 
 
 Ears, 8j/2 to 9 inches long, 2 to 2.2 inches in diameter. Cobs, white, rather large, 
 1.3 to 1.4 inches in diameter. Ears, rough, tapering; butt, well rounded; tip, bluntly 
 rounded, not well filled. Juncture, medium, y 2 to ^ inch in diameter. Kernels, thick; 
 broadly wedge-shaped; corners, slightly rounded; ^ inch long, 7-16 inch wide; white; 
 crease-dented, ragged. Rows, 12 to 14, some space between. 
 
 The season was from May I4th to September loth, or about 120 days. 
 
 EARLY^MATURING VARIETIES Kernels, colored, not yellow Ears, rough. 
 
 No. /<?, Smith's mixed dent; seed grown on University farm. No. 63, Smith's 
 improved white; No. 82, Smith's improved striped;, seed grown by Allen E. Smith, 
 Marengo, McHenry Co., 111. 
 
1889-] FIELD EXPERIMENTS WITH CORN 1888. 53 
 
 Type, uniform, except in color. Ears usually 7^ to 8^ inches long, 2 to 2.2 inches 
 in diameter. Cobs, red or white, medium sized, 1.2 to 1.3 inches in diameter. Ears, 
 roughish, nearly cylindrical; butt and tip, evenly rountled. Juncture, small, ^ to ^ 
 inch in diameter. Kernels firmly fixed; wedge-shaped, ^ inch long, ^ inch wide; 
 crease-dented, pinched, sometimes ragged; variable in color in some ears, white above, 
 honey-white to yellow below; in other ears, striped, red and white above, and red, 
 white, and yellow below. Rows, 14 to 20, no space between in best specimens. 
 
 An average of the three plats gave height of stalk, 9^ feet high; of ear, 4^ feet. 
 Five per cent, of the stalks were barren. The season was from May ioth-i4th to September 
 2ist, or about 120 to 125 days. One hundred good ears weighed 59 pounds; nubbins, 31; 
 average ears, 49. The number of good ears per acre was 7,225; nubbins, 3,885; total, 
 II, no. The yield per acre of shelled corn, as husked, was (good ears, 65.3; nubbins, 
 17.5) 82.8 bushels, with 88 per cent of a full stand, and of thoroughly air-dry corn, 77.6 
 bushels. There was 16.59 P er cen t- of water in corn when husked. At that time it 
 took 67 pounds of ear corn to make a bushel of shelled corn, and 71.8 pounds to make 
 a bushel of thoroughly air-dry corn. 
 
 In No. 63, Mr. Smith has evidently attempted to form a white variety by selecting 
 white ears from No. 82. It continues to revert to the colored ears, however. A most 
 excellent early variety for central Illinois, and for general culture in the northern portion 
 of the state. 
 
 No, ij8, Dakota red; seed from Farm, Field and Stockman. 
 
 Type, uniform. Ears, 6 to 6% inches long, 1.75 to 1.85 inches in diameter. Cobs, 
 red, medium, i inch in diameter. Ears, roughish, distinctly tapering; butt, well rounded; 
 tip, pointed. Juncture, ^ to ^ inch long. Kernels, wedge-shaped, corners rounding, 
 YZ inch long, and 5-16 to ^ inch wide; orange red to dark red; crease-dented, sometimes 
 pinched. Rows, 12 to 14; some space between, near surface. 
 
 The average height of stalk was 7^ feet; of ear, 2^ feet. The season was from 
 May 22d to September I4th, or about 115 days. One hundred good ears weighed 35 
 pounds; nubbins, 20; average ears, 28. The yield per acre of shelled corn, as husked, 
 was (good ears,- 31. 2; nubbins, 16.3)47 5 bushels, and of thoroughly air-dry corn, 43.7 
 bushels, with 83 per cent, of a full stand. There was 18.20 per cent, of water in corn 
 when husked. At that time it took 64.9 pounds of ear corn to make a bushel of shelled 
 corn, and 70.5 pounds to make a bushel of thoroughly air-dry corn. 
 
 Probably not desirable anywhere in this state. 
 
 MEDIUM MATURING VARIETIES Kernels, yellow Ears, smooth. 
 
 No, z, Legal tender; seed grown by Nims Bros., Emerson, Mills Co., la. No. 93, 
 Legal tender; seed from farm, Field and Stockman. 
 
 Type, somewhat variable. Ears, 8| to 10^ inches long, 2.25 inches in diameter. 
 Cob, red, medium sized, 1.2 to 1.3" inches in diameter. Ears, smooth, slightly tapering, 
 butt, compressed that is, less in diameter than the body of the ear; tip, blunt and not 
 well tilled. Juncture, with ear stock, rather small, ^ to ^ inch in diameter. Kernels, 
 firmly fixed; variable, broadly wedge-shaped to narrowly rectangular; l /^ to $ inch 
 long, % to y% inch wide; yellow above, orange below; deeply crease-dented. Rows, 
 16 to 20, regular, space between, slight. 
 
 Taking an average of the two plats, of which the first was the better, on account of 
 location (see table, page 80), the height of stalk was 10^ feet; and of ear, 5 feet. 
 Twelve per cent, of the stalks were barren. The season was from May loth to Septem- 
 ber 2ist, and May 22d to October 2, or about 135 days. One hundred good ears weighed 
 77 pounds; nubbins, 42; and average ears, 67. The number of good ears per acre was 
 6,882; nubbins, 2,598; total, 9,480. The yield per acre of shelled corn, as husked, was 
 (good ears, 8l.i; nubbins, 16) 97.1 bushels, with 87 per cent, of full stand, and of thor- 
 oughly air- dry corn, 84.2 bushels. There was 22.85 P er cen ^ of water in shelled corn 
 
54 BULLETIN NO. 4. [February, 
 
 when husked. At that time it took 69.2 pounds of ear corn to make a bushel of shelled 
 corn, and 80 pounds to make a bushel of thoroughly air dry corn. 
 
 This variety is to be recommended for general culture in central Illinois. 
 
 Nos. 4, 10, 16, 26, 48, 98, Learning; seed grown on University farm. No. ^7, 
 Learning; seed grown by E. E. Chester, Champaign, 111. No. 113, Learning; seed from 
 Farm, Field and Stockman. Synonym No. /, Iowa king; seed from Farm, Field and 
 Stockman. 
 
 Type, fairly uniform. Ears, 8^ to 10 inches long, 2.2 to 2.4 inches in diameter. 
 Cobs, red, rather large, 1.2 to 1.5 inches in diameter. Ears, smooth, tapering rapidly 
 in tip fourth; cross section, sometimes oval; butt, sometimes swollen, usually well rounded, 
 tip, pointed and well filled. Juncture, medium, ^ to % inch in diameter. Kernels, 
 firmly fixed; slightly wedge-shaped to rectangular, corners often rounded, sometimes 
 nearly as thick as wide, }/, to ^ long, ^ to 5-16 wide; long to round dimple-dented, 
 towards tip, usually not dented; yellow to orange above, orange below. Rows, 20, 
 usually with less number on tip fourth and irregularly placed, a tendency to some open- 
 ness between, especially towards tip end. 
 
 An average of the nine plats gave height of stalk n^( feet; of ears, 5^ feet. Eight 
 per cent, of the stalks were barren. The season was about 135 days. One hundred 
 good ears weighed 75 pounds; nubbins, 46; average ears, 65. The number of good ears 
 per acre was, 6,940; nubbins, 3,071; total, 10,011. The yield per acre of shelled corn 
 was (good ears, 74 .7; nubbins, 21.3) 96 bushels, with 83 per cent, of a full stand, and of 
 thoroughly air-dry corn, 85.6 bushels. There was 21.21 per cent, of water in the shelled 
 corn when husked. At that time it took 69.3 pounds of ear corn to make a bushel of 
 shelled corn, and 78 4 pounds to make a bushel of thoroughly air-dry corn. 
 
 A well known and deservedly popular variety. 
 
 .No. 5, Clark" s too day; seed from Farm, Field and Stockman. 
 
 Type somewhat variable. Ears, 8j^ to 10 inches long, 2.2 to 2.4 inches in diameter. 
 'Cobs, red, medium-sized, 1.2 to I 3 inches in diameter. Ears, rather smooth, tapering; 
 butt, well rounded; tip, variable, but well filled. Juncture, medium, fy to % inches in 
 diameter. Kernels, firmly fixed; narrowly to broadly wedge-shaped; 9-16 to fy inch 
 long, ^ to 5 16 wide; yellow above, orange to reddish below; crease-dented, sometimes 
 pinched. Rows, 18 to 20; regular, except near tip; space between, slight. 
 
 The average height of stalk was 12^ feet; of ears, 5^ feet. Eight per cent, of the 
 stalks were barren. The season was May loth to September 2ist, or about 135 days. 
 One hundred good ears weighed 76 pounds; nubbins, 40; average ears, 68. The number 
 of good ears per acre was 7,344; of nubbins, 2,016; total, 9,360. The yield per acre of 
 shelled corn, as husked, was (good ears, 80; nubbins, 11.7) 91-7 bushels, with 73 per 
 cent, of a full stand, and of thoroughly air-dry, 81.9 bushels. There was 20.55 P er cent, 
 of water in the shelled corn, when husked. At that time it took 67.4 pounds of ear corn 
 to make a bushel of shelled corn, and 75.5 pounds to make a bushel of thoroughly air- 
 dry corn. 
 
 This variety resembles Learning in many respects. In general, the ear is less taper- 
 ing towards tip, and has a broader and more perfectly wedge-shaped kernel. It is 
 variable, however, many ears resembling Learning closely. 
 
 No. 42, yellow Blanchard; seed from T. Chester. 
 
 Type, uniform. Ears, 9 to 10 inches long, 2.3 to 2.4 inches in diameter. Cobs, red, 
 large, 1.3 to 1.5 inches in diameter. 
 
 Very much like large specimens of Learning, except ears do not taper so abruptly 
 near the tip. 
 
 The average height of stalk was I2j4 feet; of ear, 6 feet. Twenty per cent, of the 
 stalks were barren. The season was from May I4th to September 22d, or about 130 
 days. One hundred good ears weighed 89 pounds; nubbins, 68; average ears, 83. The 
 yield of shelled corn per acre, as husked, was (good ears, 69.4; nubbins, 20.9) 90.3 
 
1889-] FIELD EXPERIMENTS WITH CORN 1888. 55 
 
 bushels, and of air-dry corn, 74.4 bushels. There was 26.65 P er cent, of water in corn 
 when husked. At that time it took 69.1 pounds of ear corn to make a bushel of shelled 
 corn, and 83.9 pounds to make a bushel of thoroughly air dry corn. 
 
 No. II, Kiley' 1 s favorite; seed grown by J. Riley, Thorntown, Boone Co., Ind. 
 No. 122, A't/ey's favorite; seed from Farm, Field and Stockman. 
 
 Type, uniform. Ears, 8^ to 9 inches long, 2.1 to 2.3 inches in diameter. Cobs, 
 red, medium sized, i.i to 1.3 in diameter. Ears, usually smooth, slightly tapering; butt 
 well rounded; tip, rounded, not always well filled Juncture, medium, ^ to T/% inches 
 in diameter. Kernels, firmly fixed; wedge-shaped; ^ inch long, 5-16 to ^ wide; light 
 yellow above, orange below; crease-dented, sometimes pinched. Rows, 16 to 18, very 
 regular; space between, slight. 
 
 Taking an average of the two plats, of which the first was considerably better, on 
 account of location [see table, page 80], the height of stalk was 10^ feet; of ear, 5^ 
 feet. Four per cent, of the stalks were barren. The season of growth was from May 
 loth to September 2ist, and May 22d to October 22d, or about 135 days. One hundred 
 good ears weighed 64 pounds; nubbins, 41; average ears, 58. The number of good ears 
 per acre was 7,044; nubbins, 3,450; total, 10,494. >The yield per acre of shelled corn, 
 as husked, was (good ears, 69.5; nubbins, 21.6) 91.1 bushels, with 84 per cent, of a full 
 stand, and of thoroughly air-dry corn, 81 bushels. There was 20.9 per cent, of water 
 in corn when husked. At that time it took 66.9 pounds of ear corn to make a bushel of 
 shelled corn, and 75.3 pounds to make a bushel of thoroughly air-dry corn. 
 
 This variety is to be warmly recommended for general culture in central Illinois. 
 
 No. 41, Seeknofurther; seed grown by G. W. Hartsock, Gifford, Champaign 
 Co., 111. 
 
 Type, variable. Ears, 8^ to 9^ inches long, 2 to 2.2 inches in diameter. Cobs, 
 red, rather large; i.i to 1.4 inches in diameter. Ears, smooth, slightly tapering; butt, 
 fairly rounded; tip, blunt, not always well filled. Juncture, medium; y% to % inch in 
 diameter. Kernels, firmly fixed; quite thick; rather rectangular; y, to fy inch long, ^ 
 inch wide; yellow above, deep orange to reddish below; long to round dimple-dented. 
 Rows, 16, usually, regular; space between, apparent. 
 
 The average height of stalk was n feet; of ear, 5}^ feet. There were no barren 
 stalks. The season was from May I4th to September 22d, or about 130 days. One 
 hundred good ears weighed 79 pounds; nubbins, 41; average ears, 70. The yield per 
 acre of shelled corn, as husked, was (good ears, 85.2; nubbins, 12.8) 98 bushels, and of 
 thoroughly air-dry corn, 87.4 bushels, with 82 per cent, of a stand. There was 20.63 
 per cent, of water in corn when husked. At that time it took 69.6 pounds of ear 
 corn to make a bushel of shelled corn, and 78 pounds to make a bushel of thoroughly 
 air-dry corn. 
 
 In many respects like Learning. 
 
 Nos. 4gandg~i, Fisk; seed grown by Eli Fisk, Havana, Mason Co., 111. 
 
 Type, uniform. Ear, 8 to 9^ inches long, 2 to 2.3 inches in diameter. Cobs, red, 
 medium sized, 1.2 to 1.3 inches in diameter. Ears, smooth, tapering; butt and tip, evenly 
 rounded, latter well filled. Juncture, medium, ^ to % inch in diameter. Kernels, 
 firmly fixed; rather thick, wedge shaped, ^ to ^ inch long, 5-16 to 7-16 wide; yellow 
 above, orange below; long, dimple dented. Rows, 14 to 16, space between, very slight. 
 
 An average of the two plats gave height of stalk iij^ feet; of ear, 5^ feet. The 
 season was about 135 days. One hundred good ears weighed 73 pounds; nubbins, 37; 
 average ears, 63. The number of good. ears per acre was 7,020; of nubbins, 2,790; 
 total, 9,810. The yield per acre of shelled corn, as husked, was (good ears, 77.4; nub- 
 bins, 14.2) 91 6 bushels, with 89 per cent, of a full stand, and of thoroughly air dry corn, 
 76.6 bushels. There was 25.56 per cent, of water in the corn as husked. At that time 
 it took 71.0 pounds of ear corn to make a bushel of shelled corn, and 85 pounds to make 
 a bushel of thoroughly air-dry corn. 
 
56 BULLETIN NO. 4. 
 
 No. j/, Kirby; seed from T. Chester. 
 
 Type, variable. Ears, 8% to 8) inches long, 2.4 to 2.5 inches in diameter. Cobs, 
 red, large, 1.3 to 1.5 inches in diameter. Ears, smooth, tapering, butt and tip nicely 
 rounded, latter well tilled. Juncture, medium, ^ to fa inch in diameter. Kernels, 
 firmly fixed; narrowly to broadly wedge-shaped; ^ inch long, 5 16 to 7-16 inch wide; 
 yellow, often white above, yellow to orange below; round to long, dimple dented, kernel 
 towards tip, not dented. Rows, 16 to 22, space between, slight. 
 
 The season was from May I4th to September 22d, or about 130 days. 
 
 No. 53, Golden beauty; seed from T. Chester. 
 
 Type, variable. Ears, 9^ to 10^ inches long; otherwise, appearance much like 
 No. 55. It also differs from No. 55 in maturing in about 130 days, from May I4th to 
 September 22d. 
 
 The average height of stalk, n feet; of ears, 6 feet. Fourteen per cent, of the 
 stalks were barren. One hundred good ears weighed 89 pounds; nubbins, 27; average 
 ears, 80. The number of good ears per acre, 8,775; f nubbins, 1,620; total, 10,395. 
 The yield per acre of shelled corn, as husked, was (good ears, 110.9; nubbins, 78) 118.7 
 bushels, and of thoroughly air-dry c%rn 98.7 bushels, with 83 per cent, of a full stand. 
 There was 26 per cent, of water in corn when husked. At this time it took 70.5 pounds 
 of ear corn to make a bushel of shelled corn, and 84.8 pounds to make a bushel of thor- 
 oughly air- dry corn. 
 
 No. 104, Prairie queen; Synonyms No. loj, Smith's surprise; No. 118, Carle' ' s 
 prolific; seed from farm, Field and Stockman 
 
 Type, fairly uniform. Ears, 8^ to 10% inches long, 1.75 to 2.2 inches in diameter. 
 Cobs, red, rather large, i to 1.4 inches in diameter. Ears, smooth, tapering; butt, com- 
 pressed rounded; tip, pointed, not well filled. Juncture, medium, */>. to ^ inch in diame- 
 ter. Kernels, firmly fixed; wedge-shaped to nearly rectangular, rather thick, 9-16 to fa 
 inch long, ^ to 7.16 wide; yellow to orange above, orange below; long to round dimple- 
 dented; kernels near tip, not dented. Rows, usually 12 to 14; space between, rather 
 distinct. 
 
 Taking an average of the three plats, the height of stalk was 10 feet; of ear, 5 feet. 
 The season was from May 22d to October 2d, or about 135 days. One hundred good ears 
 wejghed 65 pounds; nubbins, 38; average ears, 60. The yield per acre of shelled corn, 
 as husked, was (good ears, 79; nubbins, 13.3) 92.3 bushels, and of thoroughly air-dry 
 corn, 77.9 bushels, with 86 per cent, of a full stand. There was 24.61 per cent, of water 
 in the corn when husked. At that time it took 69 pounds of ear corn to make a bushel 
 of shelled corn, and 81.8 pounds to make a bushel of thoroughly air-dry corn. 
 
 Apparently not desirable. 
 
 No. 107, Southern queen; seed from Farm, Field and Stockman. 
 
 Ears, 7^ to 9 inches long; diameter, 2.1 to 2.3 inches. Cobs, red, large, I. 3 to 1.5 
 inches in diameter. Ears, smooth, slightly tapering; butt, compressed rounded; tip, 
 blunt, not well filled. Juncture, rather small, ^ to ^ inch in diameter. Kernels, loose; 
 wedge shaped, y 2 inch long, 5-16 inch wide; round to long dimple-dented; yellow above, 
 yellow to orange below. Rows, 10 to 20; no space between. 
 
 The season was 'from May 22d to October 2d, or about 135 days. 
 
 No. iff, go- day yellow; No. 115, North star; seed from Farm, Field and Stockman. 
 
 Type, variable. Ears, 8 to 9 inches long, 2 to 2.2 inches in diameter. Cobs, 
 red, rather large, I.I to 1.4 inches in diameter. Ears, rather smooth, tapering; butt, only 
 fairly rounded; tip, blunt, not well filed. Juncture, medium, ]/ 2 to ^ inches in diam- 
 eter. Kernels, loose; rather narrowly wedge-shaped; 9 16 to ^ inch long, ^ t S" 1 ^ 
 inch wide; crease-dented; yellow above, light orange below. Rows, 18 to 20; space 
 between, sometimes rather distinct. 
 
 Taking an average of the two plats, the height of stalk was 10 feet; ot ear, 4^ feet. 
 The season was from May 22d to October 2d, or about 135 days. One hundred good 
 
1889.] FIELD EXPERIMENTS WITH CORN 1888. 57 
 
 ears weighed 74 pounds; nubbins, 31; average ears, 59. The yield per acre of shelled 
 corn, as hr.sked, was (good ears, 77.1; nubbins, 17.5) 94.6 bushels, and of thoroughly 
 air dry corn 81.3 bushels, with 86 per cent, of a full stand. There was 23.42 per cent, 
 of water in corn when husked. At that time it took 69.2 pounds to make a bushel of 
 shelled corn, and 80.5 pounds to make a bushel of thoroughly air-dry corn. 
 The name North star is undoubtedly wrong for No. 115. 
 
 No. J2j, Clark's Onarga; .\ T o. 124, Clark's Iroquois ; seed from Farm, Field and 
 Stockman. 
 
 Type, variable. Ears, 7 to 9 inches long, 2 to 2.25 inches in diameter. Cobs, red, 
 large, 1.2 to 1.5 inches in diameter. Ears, rather smooth, distinctly tapering; butt, 
 rounded; tip, pointed and well rilled. Juncture, rather small, j^ to ^4 inch in diameter. 
 Kernels, wedge-shaped, corners rounding; y% inch long, 5-16 inch wide; usually yellow 
 above, sometimes white, orange to reddish below; long to round dimple-dented. Rows, 
 18 to 20; space between, rather distinct near surface. 
 
 Taking an average of the two plats, the height of stalk was 9^ feet; of ear, 4^ 
 feet. The season was from May 24th to October 2d, or about 130 days. One hundred 
 good ears weighed 66 pounds; nubbins, 39; average ears, 58. The yield per acre of 
 shelled corn, as husked, was (good ears, 64.7; nubbins, 18), 82.7 bushels, and of thor- 
 oughly air-dry corn, 69.6 bushels. There was 25 per cent, of water in corn when 
 husked. At that time it took 70 pounds of ear corn to make a bushel of shelled corn, 
 and 83 pounds to make a bushel of thoroughly air-dry corn. 
 
 MEDIUM MATURING VARIETIES Kernels, yellow Ears, rough. 
 
 No. 6, Hogut* t yellow, dent; seed grown by R. Hogue, Crete, Saline Co., Neb. 
 
 Type, fairly uniform. Ears, S)4 to 10 inches long, 2.2 to 2.4 inches in diameter. 
 Cobs, red, rather large, 1.2 to 1.4 inches in diameter. Ears, rough, tapering; butt, com- 
 pressed rounded, sometimes swollen; tip, pointed and fairly filled. Juncture, large, % to 
 i inch in diameter. Kernels, somewhat loose, broadly wedge-shaped, 9-16 to $ inch 
 long, 5.16 to y% inch wide; crease dented, somewhat pinched and ragged. Rows, 16 to 
 22, less towards tip; space between, slight. 
 
 The average height of stalks was n feet; of ears, 5 feet. Thirteen percent, of stalks 
 were barren. The season was from May 10 to September 2ist, or about 135 days. One 
 hundred good ears weighed 83 pounds; nubbins, 41; average ears, 71. The number of 
 good ears per acre was 7,200; of nubbins, 2, 880; total, 10,080. The yield per acre of 
 shelled corn, as husked, was (good ears, 78.1; nubbins, 15.3) 93.4 bushels, with 86 per 
 cent, of a full stand, and of thoroughly air-dry corn, 81 bushels. There was 22 83 per 
 cent, of water in the corn when husked. At that time it took 69 5 pounds of ear corn to 
 make a bushel of shelled corn, and 80. i pounds to make a bushel of thoroughly air-dry 
 corn. 
 
 No. 75, Ckamf>aign; seed grown on University farm. 
 
 Type, variable. Ears, 8 to 8^ inches long, 2.2 to 2.4 inches in diameter. Cobs, 
 red, medium sized, I.I to 13 inches in diameter. Ears, rough, cylindrical to slightly 
 tapering; butt and tip, evenly rounded; latter, usually well filled. Juncture, rather small, 
 Y-I to 3^ inch in diameter. Kernels, loose; broadly wedge-shaped, ft inch long, ^ inch 
 wide; light yellow above, yellow to orange below; crease-dented, pinched, sometimes 
 ragged. Rows, 14 to 16, sometimes spiral; space between, very slight. 
 The average height of stalks was 11^4 feet; of ears, 5 feet. Nine percent, of the 
 stalks were barren. The season was May 141)1 to September 2ist, or about 135 days. 
 One hundred good ears weighed 69 pounds; nubbins, 46; average ears, 62. The num- 
 ber of t good ears per acre was 6,624; of nubbins, 3,096; total, 9,720. The yield per acre 
 of shelled corn, as husked, was (good ears, 71.3; nubbins, 22.1)93 4 bushels, with 87 per 
 cent, of a full stand, and of thoroughly air-dry corn, 82 t bushels. There was 21.75 P er 
 cent, of water in the corn when husked. At that time it took 67.8 pounds of ear corn to 
 
58 BULLETIN NO. 4. [February, 
 
 make a bushel of shelled corn, and 77.1 pounds to make a bushel of thoroughly air-dry 
 corn. 
 
 A valuable variety for central Illinois. 
 
 A T o. j>9, Log cabin; seed grown by C. N. Butts, Knoxville, Knox Co., 111. 
 
 Type, variable. Ears, 9 to 10 inches long, 2. 1 to 2.4 inches in diameter. Cobs, red, 
 large, 1.4 to 1.5 inches in diameter. Ears, roughish, tapering; butt, slightly rounded; 
 tip, rather pointed, not filled. Juncture, large, ^ to I inch in diameter. Kernels, 
 rather loose, narrowly wedge-shaped, ^ inch long, 5-16 inch wide, yellow to reddish 
 above, orange to reddish below; round dimple- to crease-dented, sometimes pinched; 
 tip kernels, not dented. Rows, 20, usually; space between, slight. 
 
 The average height of stalks was II feet; of ears, $}4 feet. Fourteen percent, of the 
 stalks were barren. The season was from May I4th to September 22d, or about 130 days. 
 One hundred good ears weighed 88 pounds; nubbins, 45; average ears, 74. The yield 
 per acre of shelled corn, as husked, was (good ears, 78.2; nubbins, 20.6) 98.8 bushels, 
 and of thoroughly air dry corn 86.1 bushels, with 96 per cent, of a full stand. There was 
 22.41 per cent, of water in corn when husked. At that time it took 70.7 pounds of ear 
 corn to make a bushel of shelled corn, and 81.1 pounds to make a bushel of thoroughly 
 air- dry corn. 
 
 Apparently a desirable variety for general culture in central Illinois. 
 
 No. 44, Riplev I2o-day; seed from T. Chester. 
 
 Ears, 8 to 9^ inches long, 2.2 to 2.3 inches in diameter. Cobs, red, medium sized, 
 1.2 to 1.3 inches in diameter. Ears, roughish, nearly cylindrical; butt, compressed 
 rounded; tip, rounded, well filled. Juncture, medium, ^ inch in diameter. Kernels 
 loose, wedge-shaped, thinnish, often thinner at top than bottom, ^ inch long, fy wide; 
 yellow above, ornnge to reddish below; crease-dented, often pinched. Rows, 16 to 18; 
 space between, slight. 
 
 The season was from May I4lh to September 22d, or about 130 days. 
 
 JVj. I2r, Northern queen; seed from Farm, Field and Stockman. 
 
 Fairly uniform in type. Ears, 8 to 9 inches long, diameter 2.1 to 2.2 inches. Cobs, 
 red, medium sized, I.I to 1.3 inches in diameter. Ears, rough, tapering; butt and tip, 
 moderately rounded. Juncture, medium, ^ to } inch in diameter. Kernels loose, 
 imperfectly wedge shaped, corners rounded, ^ inch long, }/$ inch wide, yellow above, 
 orange below; crease-dented, ragged, pinched. Rows, 16 to 18, space between, apparent. 
 
 The season was from May 22d to October 2d, or about 135 days. 
 
 MEDIUM MATURING VARIETIES Kernels, white Ears, smooth. 
 
 Nos. 19, 25, 64, 143, 162, Burr's white; seed grown on University farms. Synonyms 
 No. 66, Giant Normandy; seed from U. S. Department of Agriculture. No. 68, Ores- 
 back; seed grown by E. E. Chester, Champaign, 111. No. 72, Champion white pearl; seed 
 from T. Chester. No. 59, Zeig/er's go day; No. 757, Champion white ptarl; -No. 158, 
 White queen; No. /jj>, Smith's favorite- No. 134, Hugh's choice; seed from Farm, 
 Field and Stockman. 
 
 Type, fairly uniform. Ears, 8 to 9 inches long, 2.1 102.25 inches in diameter. Cobs, 
 white, occasionally red, rather small, I.I to 1.2 inches in diameter. Ears, rather smooth, 
 cylindrical, butt nicely rounded, tip bluntly rounded, usually well filled. Juncture, rather 
 small, ^ inch in diameter. Kernels, firmly fixed, broadly wedge shaped, ~$ inch long 
 y% to 7-16 inch wide; white above, horn white below, sometimes tinged with yellow; 
 crease-dented, slightly pinched. Rows, 14 to 16; space between, slight in best speci- 
 mens, no space between. 
 
 An average of the 13 plats gave height of stalk 10% feet; of ear, 5^. Eight per cent, 
 of the stalks were barren. The season was about 135 days. One hundred good ears 
 weighed 74 pounds; nubbins, 40; average ears, 61. The number of good ears per acre 
 
1889.] FIELD EXPERIMENTS WITH CORN 1888. 59 
 
 was 6,471; of nubbins, 4,117; total, 10,588. The yield of shelled corn per acre, as husked, 
 was (good ears, 68.3; nubbins, 22.9) 91.2 bushels, with 88 per cent, of a full stand, and 
 of thoroughly air-dry corn 81.8 bushels. There was 22.5 per cent, of water in corn when 
 husked. At that time it took 71 pounds of ear corn to make a bushel of shelled corn, and 
 81.8 pounds to make a bushel of air-dry corn. 
 
 This variety is to be recommended for general culture in central Illinois. Nos. 72 and 
 157 were probably not true to name or not pure in type, as Champion white pearl is be- 
 lieved to possess some qualities not common to Burr's white. The same may be true of 
 No. 66. Further trials may show differences not noted this season. 
 
 MEDIUM MATURING VARIETIES Kernels, white Ears, rough. 
 
 No. "jo, Common early white; seed grown by E. E. Chester, Champaign, 111. 
 
 Type uniform. Ears, 9 to 10 inches long, 1.9 to 2.2 inches in diameter. Cobs, white, 
 medium sized, I.I to 1.3 inches in diameter. Ears, rough, distinctly tapering; butt, com- 
 pressed rounded; tip, pointed, fairly filled. Juncture, small, l / 2 to ^ inch in diameter. 
 Kernels, thickish, wedge-shaped to rectangular, corner slightly rounding, j^ to % inch 
 long) H inch wide; white above, horn-white below; crease dented, sometimes pinched 
 and with a little projection at top on chit side. Rows 14 to 18, some space between. 
 
 The average height of stalk was 12% feet; of ear, 5^ feet. Twenty three per cent, 
 of the stalks were barren. 1 he season was from May I4th to September 22d, or about 
 130 days. One hundred goods ears weighed 77 pounds; nubbins, 36; average ears, 64. 
 The total yield per acre of shelled corn, as husked, was (good ears, 97.2; nubbins, 20.1) 
 117.3 bushels, and of thoroughly air dry corn 104.5 bushels. There was 20.74 per cent. 
 of water in corn when husked. At that time, it took 69.8 pounds of ear corn to make a 
 bushel of shelled corn, and 78.3 pounds to make a bushel of thoroughly air dry corn. 
 
 Not an attractive variety, but the large yield makes it worthy of further trial. No. 
 160, Iroquois white, is similar to it in appearance of ears. 
 
 No. 77, Gourd seed; seed grown by E. E. Chester, Champaign, 111. 
 
 Type, fairly uniform. Ears, 9 inches long, diameter 2.25 inches. Cobs, white, 
 rather small, i.i to 1.2 inches in diameter. Ears, rough, nearly cylindrical; butt and tip, 
 evenly rounded. Juncture, small, diameter % to %j inch. Kernels, varying from 
 broadly to narrowly wedge shaped; corners, sometimes rounded, ^ inch long. 5-16 to 
 7-16 inch wide; white; dimple- to crease-dented, pinched, ragged. Rows, 1410 16; space 
 between, somewhat apparent. 
 
 The average height of stalk was 12 feet; of ear. 5^ feet. Sixteen per cent, of ihe 
 stalks were barren. The season was from May I4th to September 22d, or about 130 days. 
 One hundred good ears weighed 82 pounds; nubbins, 40; average ears, 67. The number 
 of good ears per acre was 8,220; nubbins, 4.440; tolal, 12,663. The yield per acre of 
 shelled corn, as husked, was (good ears, 99.4; nubbins, 25.7) 125.1 bushels, and of thor- 
 oughly air-dry 111.6 bushels. There was 20.63 P er cent, of water in corn when husked. 
 At that time it took 6S.6 pounds of ear corn to make a bushel of shelled corn, and 76.9 
 pounds to make a bushel of thoroughly air-dry corn. 
 
 A promising variety for central Illinois. 
 
 MEDIUM MATURING VARIETIES Kernels, colored, not yellow Ears, smooth. 
 
 No. 17, Lapels mixed dent; seed grown by H. T. Lape, Roseville, Warren Co., 111. 
 
 Type, variable. Ears, 8 to 10 inches long, 2.1 to 2.4 inches in diameter. Cobs, red, 
 rather large, i.i to 1.4 inches in diameter. Ears, rather smooth, distinctly tapering; butt, 
 compressed rounded; tip, pointed, fairly tilled. Juncture, medium, j^j to % inch in diam- 
 eter. Kernels, wedge shaped to rectangular, $ inch long, 5-16 to ^ inch wide; yellow 
 to red above, orange to red below. Rows, 16; space between, not large. 
 
 The average height of stalks was n'4 feet; of ears, 5 feet. Eighteen per cent, of 
 the stalks were barren. The season was from May io:h to September 2ist, or about 135 
 
60 BULLETIN NO. 4. \_February, 
 
 days. One hundred good ears weighed 73 pounds; nubbins, 34; average ears, 58. The 
 number of good ears per acre was 5,616; of nubbins, 3,600; total, 9.216. The yield per 
 acre of shelled corn, as husked, was (good ears, 60.7; nubbins, 17.6) 78.3 bushels, with 
 72 per cent, of a full stand, and of thoroughly air-dry corn 69.7 bushels. There was 
 20.63 P er cent, of water in corn when husked. At that time it took 66.4 pounds of ear 
 corn to make a bushel of shelled corn, and 74.6 pounds to make a bushel of thoroughly 
 air- dry corn. 
 
 'No. 84, Bloody butcher; seed grown by E. E. Chester, Champaign 111. 
 Type, uniform. Ears, 8% to 9^ inches long, 2 to 2.1 inches in diameter. Cobs, 
 white, rather small, i.i to 1.2 inches in diameter. Ears, smooth, tapering; butt, com- 
 pressed rounded; tip, pointed, not always well filled. Juncture, medium, j^ to % inch in 
 diameter. Kernels, nearly rectangular, thick; corners, rounding, }/ 2 inch long, 7-16 inch 
 wide; yellow surrounded with red above, light to dark red below, long dimple-dented. 
 Rows, 12, space between, rather large. 
 
 The average height of stalk was 10^ feet; of ear, 4^ feet. There were no barren 
 stalks. The season was from May I4th to September loth, or about 120 days. One 
 hundred good ears weighed 68 pounds; nubbins, 32; average ears, 62. The yield per 
 acre of shelled corn, as husked, was (good ears, 107.3; nubbins, 8.4) 115.7 bushels, and 
 of thoroughly air-dry corn 103.6 bushels, with 101 per cent, of a full stand. There was 
 20.28 per cent, of water in corn when husked. At that time it took 68.3 pounds of ear 
 corn to make a bushel of shelled corn, and 76.3 pounds to make a bushel of thoroughly 
 air-dry corn. 
 
 MEDIUM MATURING VARIETIES Kernels, colored, not yellow Ears, rough. 
 
 No. 3, Calico; No. 85, Common red; seed grown by E. E. Chester, Champaign, 111. 
 
 Type, uniform, except in color. Ears, 8^ to 9 inches long, 2 to 2.2 inches in diam- 
 eter. Cobs, red or white, medium-sized, i.i to 1.3 inches in diameter. Ears, roughish, 
 slightly tapering; butt and tip, evenly rounded. Juncture, small, j^ to ^ inch in diame- 
 ter. Kernels, thickish, rather narrowly wedge shaped, y^ to 9-16 inch long, 5-16 inch 
 wide; crease-dented, slightly ragged. The ground color of kernel is yellow to white, 
 striped lengthwise with red. In some ears the kernels are solid red. No. 85 is dis- 
 tinguished from No. 83 in having the larger part of the ears red. Rows, 16 to 20, space 
 between, slight. 
 
 Taking an average of the two plats, the height of stalk was io|^ feet; of ears, 5^ 
 feet. The season was from May I4th to September 22, or about 130 days. One hundred 
 ears weighed 71 pounds; nubbins, 40; average ears, 65. The yield of shelled corn per 
 acre, as husked, was (good ears, 104.9; nubbins, 15.6) 120.5 bushels, and of thoroughly 
 air dry corn 108.6 bushels. There was 19.12 per cent, of water in corn when husked. 
 At that time it took 67.2 pounds of ear-corn to make a bushel of shelled corn, and 74 
 pounds to make a bushel of thoroughly air- dry corn. 
 
 No. 129, Calico, is similar to this variety, although yielding very much less, which 
 was partly due to location. 
 
 LATE MATURING VARIETIES Kernels, yellow Ears, smooth. 
 
 No. j, IfowarJ^s improved yellow; seed grown by H. Howard, Marshall, Saline 
 Co., Mo. 
 
 Type, uniform. Ears, 9'^ to 1 1 inches long, 2 3 to 2.5 inches in diameter. Cobs, 
 red, rather large, 1.2 to 1.4 inches in diameter. Ears, rather smooth, cylindrical to slightly 
 tapering; butt, compressed and sometimes not well filled; tip, blunt and not well filled. 
 Juncture, large, ^ to I inch in diameter. Kernels, loose, rectangular to broadly wedge- 
 shaped, y% inch long, 7-16 inch wide; bright yeHow above, yellow to orange below; rather 
 shallow crease-dented, sometimes a little ragged, dimple dented towards tip. Usually 16 
 rows, regular; space between, slight. 
 
1889-] FIELD EXPERIMENTS WITH CORN 1888. 6l 
 
 The average height of stalk was 12^ feet; of ear, 7^ feet. Nineteen per cent, of 
 the stalks were barren. The season was from May loth to October ist, or about 145 
 days. One hundred good ears weighed 103 pounds; nubbins, 60; average ears, 91. The 
 number of good ears per acre was 5,616; nubbins, 2,232; total, 7,848. The yield per 
 acre of shelled corn, as husked, was (good ears, 82.6; nubbins, 18.8) 101.4 bushels with 
 73 per cent, of a full stand, and of thoroughly air dry corn 83.9 bushels. There was 
 26.37 per cent, of water in the shelled corn when husked. At this time it required 72 
 pounds of ear corn to produce a bushel of shelled corn, and 86 pounds to produce a 
 bushel of thoroughly air dry corn. 
 
 No. 7, McConnell's improved orange pride; seed grown by J. H. McConnell, Rig- 
 don, Grant Co., Ind. 
 
 Type, fairly uniform. Ears, 8)4 to ioj^ inches long, 2.1 to 2.2 inches in diameter. 
 Cobs, red, rather large, 1.2 to 1.4 inches in diameter. Ears, rather smooth, nearly cylin- 
 drical; butt and tip, well rounded; latter, not always well filled. Juncture, small, % to } 
 inch in diameter. Kernels, firmly fixed; thick, broadly wedge-shaped; ^ inch long, ^ 
 inch wide; yellow above, orange below; crease-dented, pinched. Rows, 14 to 16, regular; 
 space between, slight. 
 
 The average height of stalk was 12% feet, and the height of ear 55^ feet. Sixteen 
 per cent, of the stalks were barren. The season was from May loth to October ist, or 
 about 145 days. One hundred good ears weighed 75 pounds; nubbins, 48; average ears, 
 65. The number of good ears per acre was 6,840; nubbins, 3,744; total, 10,584. The 
 yield per acre of shelled corn, as husked, was (good ears, 71.9; nubbins, 24.9) 96.8 bushels, 
 with 88 per cent, of a full stand, and of thoroughly air-dry corn 82 bushels. There was 
 24.57 per cent, of water in the shelled corn when husked. At that time it took 70.1 
 pounds of ear corn to make a bushel of shelled corn, and 82.8 pounds to make a bushel of 
 thoroughly air-dry corn. 
 
 Probably desirable for southern-central and southern Illinois. 
 
 No. jj, Feeders favorite; seed grown by H. & L. K. Seymour, Payson, Adams 
 Co., 111. 
 
 Type, uniform. Ears, 9 to ioj^ inches long, 2.1 inches in diameter. Cobs, red, 
 small, i.i inches in diameter. Ears, rather smooth, slightly tapering; butt, compressed 
 rounded; tip, bluntly rounding. Juncture, rather small, l / 2 to ^ inch in diameter. Ker- 
 nels, loose; wedge-shaped; corners, sometimes rounding; _^ inch long and y% inch wide; 
 yellow above, orange below; long dimple- to crease-dented, sometimes pinched. Rows, 
 14 to 16; some space, between. 
 
 The average height of stalk was 12% feet; of ear, 6% feet. Ten per cent, of the 
 stalks were barren. The season was from May 141)1 to October 2d, or about 140 days. 
 One hundred good ears weighed 87 pounds; nubbins, 42; average ears, 79. The yield 
 per acre of shelled corn, as husked, was (good ears, 86.3; nubbins, 9.1)95.4 bushels, and 
 of thoroughly air dry corn 75.1 bushels, with 76 per cent, of a full stand. There was 
 29.95 per cent, of water in corn when husked. At that time it took 67.6 pounds of ear 
 corn to make a bushel of shelled corn, and 85.9 pounds to make a bushel of thoroughly 
 air dry corn. 
 
 This plat was injured to some extent by cattle. 
 
 No 40, Swengel corn; seed grown by Swengel Bros., Neoga, Cumberland Co., 111. 
 
 Type, uniform. Ears, 10 to n^ inches long, 2 to 2.2 inches in diameter. Cobs, 
 red, small, i.i to 1.2 inches in diameter. Ears, rather smooth, cylindrical or fusiform; 
 butt, compressed rounded; tip, evenly rounded and well filled. Juncture, medium, ]/ 2 to 
 % inch in diameter. Kernels, firmly fixed; thick, broadly wedge-shaped, ^ inch long, 
 7-16 inch wide; light yellow above, yellow below; crease-dented. Rows, 12 to 14, reg- 
 ular; space between, slight. 
 
 The average height of stalk was 12 feet; of ear, 6 feet. Fifteen per cent, of the 
 stalks were barren. The season was from May I4th to October 2d, or about 140 days. 
 
62 HULLKTIX xo. 4. [February^ 
 
 One hundred good ears weighed 88 pounds; nubbins, 37; average ears, 75. The yield 
 per acre of shelled corn, as husked, was (good ears, 79.8; nubbins, 10.5) 90.3 bushels, 
 and of thoroughly air-dry corn 70.6 bushels, with 106 per cent, of a full stand. There 
 was 30.37 per cent, of water in the corn when husked. At that time it took 71.5 pounds 
 of ear corn to make a bushel of shelled corn, and 91.5 pounds to make a bushel of thor- 
 oughly air-dry corn. 
 
 Apparently desirable for south central and southern Illinois. 
 
 No. 43, Victor ; seed from T. Chester. 
 
 Type, uniform. Ears, 8 to 9 inches long, 2.3 to 2.5 inches in diameter. Cobs, red,, 
 large, 1.3 to 1.5 inches in diameter. Ears, smooth, tapering; tip fourth; abruptly; butt 
 and tip, nicely rounded. Juncture, medium, ^ to ^ inch in diameter. Kernels, firmly- 
 fixed; wedge-shaped to rectangular, 9 16 inch long, 5-16 to $ inch wide; yellow above, 
 orange below; long dimple-dented. Rows, 18 to 20; space between, well filled. The 
 season was from May I4th to October 22d, or about 140 days. 
 
 No. 46, Yellow king: seed from T. Chester. 
 
 Ears, 8*4 to \o l / 2 inches long, 2.2 to 2.4 inches in diameter. Cobs, red, larger, 1.4. 
 to 1.5 inches in diameter. Ears, rather smooth, nearly cylindrical; butt, compressed 
 rounded; tip, rounded, fairly filled. Juncture, medium, ^ to ^ inch in diameter. Ker- 
 nels, thick, broadly wedge-shaped to rectangular; corners, rounded; jfa inch long, ^ inch 
 wide; yellow to orange above, deep orange below; crease-dented, slightly pinched. 
 Rows, 14 to 18; space between, apparent. The season was from May I4th to October 
 2d, or about 140 days. 
 
 LATE MATURING VARIETIES Kernels, yellow Ears, rough. 
 
 No. S, Steward' 1 s improved yellow dent; seed grown by L. W. Steward, Amanda, 
 Pickaway Co., Ohio. 
 
 Type, somewhat variable. Ears, 8 to 9 inches long, 2.25 inches in diameter. Cobs, 
 red, rather small, I to 1.3 inches in diameter. Ears, rough, slightly tapering; butt, com- 
 pressed rounded; tip, rounded and well filled. Juncture, medium, _J^ to ^ in h in diam- 
 eter. Kernels, firmly fixed; rather thin, narrowly wedge-shaped, ^ to % long, ^ to 
 5-16 wide; yellow above, orange below; crease -dented, pinched and ragged. Rows, 16- 
 to 22, regular; space between, generally slight. 
 
 . The average height of stalk was 12^ feet; of ear, 6 feet. Thirteen per cent, of the 
 stalks were barren. The season was from May loth to October 1st, or about 145 days. One 
 hundred good ears weighed 70 pounds; nubbins, 57; average enrs, 66. The num' erof g iod 
 ears per acre was 7,200; of nubbins, 2,736; total, 9,936. The yield per acre of shelled 
 corn, as husk'ed, was (goocl ears, 79.7; nubbins, 24.8) 104.5 bushels, with 98 per cent, of a 
 full stand, and of thoroughly air dry corn 91.2 bushels. There was 22.31 per cent, of 
 water in the corn when husked. At that time it took 67.3 pounds of ear corn to make a 
 bushel of shelled corn, and 77.1 pounds to make a bushel of thoroughly air-dry corn. 
 
 Probably desirable for south central and southern Illinois. 
 
 No. j2, Menhall; seed from T. Chester. 
 
 Type, fairly uniform. Ears, 10 and II niches long, 2.2 to 2.4 inches in diameter. 
 Cobs, red, rather laige, 1.2 to 1.4 inches in diamete-. Ears, ro gh, nearly cylindrical; 
 butt and tip, well rounded, and latter, fairly filled. Juncture, medium, j^ to ^ inch in 
 diameter. Kernels, thinish, rather broadly wedge-shaped, |$ to 11-16 inch long, }/& ta 
 7-16 inch wide; light yellow above, yellow to orange below; deeply crease dented, 
 much pinched, often ragged. Rows, 14 to 18; space between, very slight. 
 
 The season was from May 141)1 to October 2d, or about 140 days. 
 
 LATE MATURING VARIF. TIKS A'sni, Is, -vhite Ears, smooth. 
 \o. 60, Rural heavy dent; seed from Farm, //</ and Stockman. 
 Type, fairly uniform. Ears, 9^ to \\}/ 2 inches long, 2.3 to 2.6 inches in diameter. 
 Cobs, white, large, 1.4 to 1.6 inches in diameter. Ears, smooth, nearly cylindrical, taper- 
 
1889-] FIELD EXPERIMENTS WITH CORN 1888. 63 
 
 ing in tip, fourth; butt, compressed rounded; tip, pointed, fairly filled. Juncture, rather 
 small, yi to ^ inches in diameter. Kernels, very broadly wedge-shaped to slightly 
 polygonal, ^ to ^ inch long, ^ to % inch wide; white to horn-white above, horn- 
 white below; round to long dimple- dented. Rows, 12 to 16; space between, often con- 
 siderable. 
 
 The season was from May I4th to October 2d, or about 140 days. 
 
 No. 6j, Helms' 1 improved; seed grown by F. Helms, Belleville, St. Clair Co., 111. 
 
 Type, uniform. Ears, 9^ to 10^ inches long, 1.9 to 2.2 inches in diameter. Cobs,. 
 red or white, medium sized, i.i to 1.3 inches in diameter. Ears, smooth, tapering; butt, 
 compressed rounded; tip, pointed and filled. Juncture, rather small, ]/% to ^ inch in 
 diameter. Kernels, wedge-shaped; corners, rounding; ^ inch long, y$ inch wide; white 
 to horn-white above, horn-white below. Rows, 16; space between, apparent. 
 
 The average height of stalk was 12^ feet; of ear, 6^ feet. Thirteen per cent, of 
 the stalks were barren. The season was from May I4th to October 2d, or about 140 days. 
 One hundred good ears weighed 90 pounds; nubbins, 49; average ears, 74. The yield 
 per acre of shelled corn, as husked, was (good ears, 81.4; nubbins, 27.6) 109 bushels, and 
 of thoroughly air-dry corn 84.8 bushels, with 91 per cent, of a full stand. There was 
 30.72 per cent, of water in corn as husked. At that time it took 72 pounds of ear corn 
 to make a bushel of shelled corn, and 92.5 pounds of ear corn to make a bushel of thor- 
 oughly air-dry corn. 
 
 No. 6g, White Hunt ; seed from T. Chester. 
 
 Type, fairly uniform. Ears, 9^ to n inches long, diameter 2.3 to 2. 8 inches. Cobs, 
 white, very large, 1.6 to 1.75 inches in diameter. Ears, smooth, distinctly tapering; butt, 
 compressed rounded; tip, evenly rounded, faiily filled. Juncture, large, % to i% inches 
 in diameter. Kernels, rather narrowly, wedge-shaped; corners, rounded; cross section, 
 nearly square; |^ inch long, \^ to ^ inch wide; white to horn-white above, horn-white 
 below; dimple dented; kernels near tip and butt, hardly dented. Rows, 24 1030; space 
 between, often apparent. near surface. 
 
 The season was from May I4th to October 2d, or about 140 days. Remarkable for 
 its large ears. One hundred good ears weighed 138 pounds, and average weight of one 
 hundred ears was 103 pounds. Three selected ears averaged one and three-quarters 
 pounds a piece when hulked. 
 
 No. 7j>, Improved Blountz prolific; seed from T. Chester. 
 
 Type, uniform. Ears, 10 to 10^ inches long, diameter 2.3 to 2.6 inches. Cobs, 
 white, large, 1.4 to 1.5 inches in diameter. Ears, smooth, tapering; butt, compressed 
 rounded; tip, bluntly rounded. Juncture, large, ^ to I inch in diameter. Kernels, 
 thickish, broadly wedge shaped to rectangular, 9-16 to j> inch long, 7-16 inch wide; 
 white above, horn-white below; long dimple dented. Rows, 14 to 18; space between, 
 usually slight. 
 
 The season was from May I4th to October 2d, or about 140 days. 
 
 A'o. 79, Hickory king; seed from T. Chester. No. 163, Hickory king; seed from 
 Farm, Field and Stockman. 
 
 Type, variable. Ears, 7^ to 8j^ inches long, 1.7 to i.S inches in diameter. Cobs, 
 white, small, .9 to I inch in diameter. Ears, smooth, tapering; butt* not rounded or com- 
 pressed rounded; tip, pointed, filled. Juncture, small, ^ to ^ inch in diameter. Kernels, 
 distinctly polygonal, ]/% to 9-16 inch long and wide, long dimple dented; white above, 
 horn-white to yellow below. Usually 18 rows; space between, large and apparent. 
 
 Yield is not reported from No. 79 on account of poor stand. The average height of 
 stalk was 10 feet; of ear, 5^ feet. Twelve per cent, of the stalks were barren. The 
 season was from 130 to 140 days. One hundred good ears weighed 63 pounds; nubbins, 
 35; average ears, 56. The number of good ears per acre was 6, 180; of nubbins, 2 880; 
 total, 9,060. 'I he yield per acre of shelled corn, as husked, was (good ears, 45.2; nub- 
 bins, 13.2) 58.4 bushels, and of thoroughly air-dry corn 43.6 bushels, with 86 per cent, of 
 
64 BULLETIN NO. 4. [February, 
 
 a stand. There was 33.53 per cent, of water in corn when husked. At that time it took 
 70.7 pounds of ear corn to make a bushel of shelled corn, and 94.7 pounds to make a 
 bushel of thoroughly air-dry corn. 
 
 This variety is not desirable for general culture in this state. 
 
 LATE MATURING VARIETIES Kernels, white Ears, rough. 
 
 No. 24, Smith's premium white dent; seed grown by M. H. Smith, DeSoto, Wash- 
 ington Co., Neb. Synonym X'o. 21, Clark's premium no-day; seed from Farm, Field 
 Stockman. 
 
 Type, fairly uniform. Ears, 8)4 to 9 inches long, 2.1 to 2.4 inches in diameter. 
 Cobs, white, large, 1.2 to 1.5 inches in diameter. Ears, vary from smooth to rough, tap- 
 ering to nearly cylindrical; butt and tip, evenly rounded. Juncture, medium, ^ to ^ 
 inch in diameter. Kernels, wedge-shaped to nearly rectangular, ^ inch long, y% inch 
 wide; white above, horn white below; crease-dented, sometimes pinched. Usually 16 
 to 18 rows; some space between. 
 
 An average of the two plats gives height of stalk, n^ feet; of ear, 5^ feet. Seven per 
 cent, of the stalks were barren. The season was from May loth to October ist, or about 
 145 days. One hundred good ears weighed 75 pounds; nubbins, 49; average ears 67. 
 The number of good ears per acre was 6,480; of nubbins, 3,060; total, 9,540. The yield 
 per acre of shelled corn, as husked, was (good ears, 77 ; nubbins, 23.6) 100.6 bushels, 
 with 85 per cent, of a full stand, and of thoroughly air-dry corn 87.8 bushels. There was 
 22.29 P er cen t- of water in shelled corn when husked. At that time it took 68.3 pounds 
 of ear corn to make a bushel of shelled corn, and 78.2 pounds to make a bushel of 
 thoroughly air-dry corn. 
 
 LATE MATURING VARIETIES Kernels, colored, not yellow Ears, smooth. 
 
 No'. 81, Piasa pride; seed from T. Chester. 
 
 Type, uniform, except in color. Ears, 8 to 9^ inches long, 2.2 to 2 4 inches in 
 diameter. Cobs, red, large, 1.3 to 1.5 inches in diameter. .Ears, rather smooth, slightly 
 tapering to cylindrical; butt, compressed rounded; tip, rounded, fairly filled. Juncture, 
 rather large, ^ to % inch in diameter. Kernels, wedge-shaped, 9-16 inch long, y% inch 
 wide, crease-dented. Kernels on some ears are white above and horn-white below; on 
 others they are striked longitudinally with red. Rows, 16 to 18, some space between. 
 
 The average height of stalk was 13^ feet; of ears, 7^ feet. The season was from 
 May I4th to October 2d, or about 140 days. .One hundred good ears weighed 95 pounds; 
 nubbins, 53; average ears, 83. The yield per acre of shelled corn was (good ears, 89.2; 
 nubbins, 18. i) 107.3 bushels, and of thoroughly air-dry corn 85.4 bushels, with a full 
 stand. There was 29. 13 percent, of water in corn when husked. At that time it took 
 72. 4 pounds of ear corn to make a bushel of shelled corn, and 91 pounds to make a bushel 
 of thoroughly air-dry corn. 
 
 Probably desirable on fertile river bottom lands of southern Illinois. 
 
 No. 12-j, Strawberry; Synonyms A'o. 134, Bloody butcher; No. ijd, Calico; seed 
 from Farm, Field and Stockman. 
 
 Type, fairly uniform. Ears, 8 to 9 inches long, 1.9 to 2.1 inches in diameter. Cobs, 
 white, sometimes tinged with red, medium sized, 1.3 inches in diameter. Ears, gener- 
 ally smooth, tapering; butt, slightly rounded; tip, pointed and not well filled. Juncture, 
 large, ^ to I inch in diameter. Kernels, thick, polygonal to nearly oval, 7-16 inch long, 
 T/% inch wide, long dimple dented. The ground color is yellow above, orange to red 
 below, striped longitudinally with red Rows, 12 to 14; space between, very large. 
 
 Taking an average of the three plats, the height of stalk was io*4 feet; of ear, 5 
 feet. One hundred good ears weighed 67 pounds; nubbins, 41; average ears, 57. The 
 yield per acre of shelled corn, as husked, was (good ears, 57.6: nubbins, 21.7) 79.3 
 bushels, and of thoroughly air dry corn 61.9 bushels. There was 30 47 per cent, of 
 water in shelled corn when husked. At that time it took 76. 7 pounds of ear corn to 
 
1889-] FIELD EXPERIMENTS WITH CORN 1888. 65 
 
 make a bushel of shelled corn, and 98.1 pounds of ear corn to make a bushel of thor- 
 oughly air-dry corn. 
 
 According to the field notes taken, No. 127 barely ripened in 130 days, while Nos. 
 134 and 136 did not mature. 
 
 Inasmuch as the percentage of water in the corn was as high in No. 127 as in Nos.. 
 134 and 136, and in other respects they are so similar, they are classid as the same. The 
 variety is probably not desirable for general culture. 
 
 D. NON-MATURING VARIETIES Kernels, yellow Ears, smooth. 
 
 No. 55, Golden beauty; seed from U. S. Department of Agriculture. Nos. 108 and 
 116, Golden beauty; seed from Farm, Field and Stockman. Synonym No. 45, Golddust; 
 seed from T. Chester. 
 
 Type, uniform. Ears, ioj^ to n}4 l n g r -9 to 2.2 inches in diameter. Cobs, red, 
 medium sized, i.i to 1.3 inches in diameter. Ears, smooth, tapering; butt, not rounded; 
 tip, bluntly pointed, not entired filled. Juncture, large, ^ to I inch in diameter. Ker- 
 nels, loose; broadly wedge-shaped to nearly rectangular; corners, rounding; thick, % to 
 9-16 inch long, 7-16 to )4 inch wide; yellow above, light orange below; long dimple- to 
 crease-dented, tip kernels not dented. Rows, 12 to 14; space between, distinct. 
 
 An average of the four plats, of which 108 and 1 16 were the poorer on account of 
 location, gave height of stalk li^ feet; of ear, 5^ feet. Seven per cent, of the stalks 
 were barren. Did not mature in a season of from May I4th to October ist, or 140 days.. 
 One hundred good ears weighed 85 pounds; nubbins, 46; average ears, 75. The num- 
 ber of good ears per acre was 6,735; f nubbins, 2,115; total, 8,850. The yield per acre of 
 'shelled corn, as husked, was (good ears, 78. ; nubbins, 13.1)91.1 bushels, and of thoroughly 
 air-dry corn 71 bushels, with 88 per cent, of a full stand. There was 30.74 per cent, of 
 water in corn when husked. At that time it took 72.4 pounds of ear corn to make a 
 bushel of shelled corn, and 93.2 pounds to make a bushel of air-dry corn. 
 
 The chief attraction of this variety seems to be its long smooth ears. The cob is- 
 relatively large and kernel short, and there is considerable space between rows. 
 
 No. 96, Queen's golden; Synonym No. 99, Imperial; seed from Farm, Field and 
 Stockman. 
 
 Type, variable. Ears, 9 to n inches long, 2.1 to 2.6 inches in diameter. Cobs, red, 
 very large, 1.3 to 1.6 inches in diameter. Ears, smoothish, slightly tapering; butt, swol- 
 len, not rounded; tip, rounded and unfilled. Juncture, large, ^ to i^ inches in diam- 
 eter. Kernels, very loose; thin, very broadly wedge-shaped; corners, sometimes rounding, 
 ^ to ^ inch long, 7-16 to }/ 2 inch wide, crease-dented, somewhat pinched; light yellow 
 above, yellow to orange below. Rows, 14 to 20; space betsveen, slight. 
 
 The average height of stalk was ioj!^ feet; of ear, 5^ feet. Did not mature with 
 season from May 24th to October 2d, or in 130 days. 
 
 No. 100, Pride of Missouri; seed from Farm, Field and Stockman. 
 
 Variable in type. Ears, 8 to 10 inches long, diameter 2 inches. Cobs, red, medium 
 sized, 1.2 to 1.3 in diameter. Ears, smooth, tapering; butt, not rounded; tip, pointed, not 
 filled. Juncture, large, ^ to % inch in diameter. Kernels, loose; thick, polygonal, y z 
 to y% inch long, 5-16 inch wide, round to long dimple dented, near tip not denting; 
 yellow to orange above, orange below. Rows, 14 to 16; space between, large. 
 
 Did not mature in season from May 22d to October 2d. 
 
 No. in, Missouri mammoth; seed from Farm, Field and Stock/nan. 
 
 Uniform in type. Ears, 9 to 9^ inches long, 2.2 inches in diameter. Cobs, white, 
 rather large, 1.3 to 1.4 inches in diameter. Ear^, rather smooth, tapering; butt, well 
 rounded; tip, pointed and well filled. Juncture, small, ^ to % inch in diameter. Ker- 
 nels, loose; wedge-shaped, ^ to 9 16 inch long, 5 16 inch wide, crease-dented; yellow 
 above, orange below. Rows, ib to 18; space between, slight. 
 
 Did not ma! ure with season from May 22d to October 2d. 
 
66 BULLETIN NO. 4. [February, 
 
 No. fig, Long John; seed from Farm, Field and Stockman. 
 
 Variable in type. Ears, 9 to 10^ inches long, diameter 2 to 2.1 inches. Cobs, 
 red or white, rather large, 13 to 1.4 inches in diameter. Ears, smooth, nearly cylindrical: 
 butt, compressed or scarcely rounded; tip, blunt. Juncture, small, ^ to ^g inch in diam- 
 eter. Kernels, thick, wedge-shaped, 7-16 to l / 2 inch long, %" to ^ inch wide, crease- 
 dented; whitish to yellow above, orange below. Rows, 16 to 20; no space between. 
 
 Did not mature in season from May 22d to October 2d. 
 
 NON-MATURING VARIETIES Kernels, yellow Ears, rough. 
 
 No. Qj, Mamnuth club; seed from Farm, Field and Stockman. 
 
 Type, uniform. Ears, 8% to 9 inches long, diameter 2.4 to 2.6 inches. Cobs, red, 
 very large, 1.6 to 1.7 inches in diameter. Ears, rough, tapering; butt and tip, slightly 
 rounded, latter but partially filled. Juncture, large, fy{ to \]^ inches in diameter. 
 Kernels, loose; rather narrowly wedge-shaped, ^ to 9-16 inch long, ^ inch wide, 
 crease-dented, pinched, ragged; yellow above, orange below. Rows, 18 to 22; space 
 between, slight. 
 
 Did not mature in season from May 22d to October 2d. 
 
 No. 101, Illinois premium dent; seed from Farm, Field and Stockman. 
 
 Type, uniform. Ears, 9 to n inches long, diameter 2.2 to 2.4 inches. Cobs, red, 
 large, 1.4 to 1.5 inches in diameter. Ears roughish, tapering; butt, slightly rounded; tip, 
 bluntly rounded, fairly filled. Juncture, ^ to i inch long. Kernels, rather narrowly 
 wedge-shaped, 9 16 to ^ inch long, 5.16 to ^ inch wide, crease dented: whitish to yel- 
 low above, orange below. Rows, 16 to 20; space between, slight. 
 
 Did not mature in season from May 22d to October 2d. 
 
 No. 120, Chester county mammoth; seed from Farm, Field and Stockman. 
 
 Type, fairly uniform. Ears, 8j^ to 9 inches long, diameter 2.4 to 2.7 inches. Cobs, 
 red, very large, 1.4 to 1.7 inches in diameter. Ears, rough, tapering; butt, slightly 
 rounded; tip, evenly rounded and well filled. Juncture, large, ^ to i^g inches long. 
 Kernels, firmly fixed; thick, narrowly wedge shaped; cross section of kernel, often nearly 
 square, 9-16 inch long, 5-16 inch wide; dimple- to crease dented, often pinched and 
 ragged; whitish to yellow above, orange below. Rows, usually 22, irregular, no space 
 between. 
 
 Did not mature in the season from May 22d to October 2d. 
 
 NON-MATURING VARIETY Kernels, white Ears, smooth. 
 
 No. 62, Gould Hill prolific; seed from T. Chester. 
 
 Type, variable. Ears, 9 to 10 inches long, 2.1 to 2.3 inches in diameter. Cobs 
 white, large, 1.3 to 1.5 inches in diameter. Ears, smooth, tapering; butt, compressed 
 rounded; tip, pointed, well filled. Juncture, medium, ^ to ^ inch in diameter. Kernels, 
 rectangular to slightly polygonal, 9 16 inch long, 7-16 inch wide, long dimple-dented; 
 white above, horn-white below. Rows, 12 to 16; space between, apparent. 
 
 Did not mature in season of 140 days. This variety is remarkable for its high stalks. 
 The average height was 14^ feet, and the average height of ears was 9 feet. One stalk 
 was measured that was 16^ feet long, and whose ear was 10 feet from the ground. It is 
 not a desirable variety. 
 
 \<>N MATURING VARIETIES Kernels, white Ears, rough. 
 
 No. 22, Piasa king; seed grown by F. C. Pickard, Godfrey, Madison Co., 111.; 
 Synonyms No. 76, St. Clair: No. 77, St. Charles; seed from T. Chester. No. ijji, St. 
 Charles improved; No. ijj, Madison county mammoth; seed from Farm, Field and 
 Stockman. 
 
 Type, fairly uniform. Ears, 9 to Ii3^ inches long, 2.2 to 2.6 inches in diameter. 
 Cobs, red and white, usually red, large, 1.2 to 1.6 inches in diameter. Ears, roughish, 
 I 
 
1889-! FIELD EXPERIMENTS WITH CORN 1888. 67 
 
 tapering to nearly cylindrical; butt, slightly rounded; tip, rounded and fairly filled. Junct- 
 ure, medium, ^ to % inche in diameter. Kernels, wedge-shaped to slightly polygonal, 
 ^ to ^ inch long, y% inch wide; white above, horn-white below; crease-dented, 
 pinched. Rows, 14 to 22, space between, usually slight. 
 
 Yields are not reported for Nos. 76 and 152, on account ol a poor stand. An aver- 
 age of the other three plats gave height of stalk, 12]^. feet; of ears, 6^ feet. Four per 
 cent, of the stalks were barren. Did not mature in a season from May loth to October 
 ist, or 145 days. One hundred good ears weighed 99 pounds; nubbins, 5.2; average ears, 
 2. The number of good ears per acre was 5,230; of nubbins, 2,950; total, 8,180. The 
 yield per acre of shelled corn, as husked, was (good ears, 70.3; nubbins, 19) 89.3 bushels, 
 with 74 per cent, of a full stand, and of thoroughly air-dry corn 60.7 bushels. There 
 "was 39.24 per cent, of water in corn as husked. At that time it took 75 pounds of ear 
 corn to make a bushel of shelled corn, or no pounds to make a bushel of thoroughly 
 air-dry corn. 
 
 This variety is probably worthy of a trial on the fertile river bottom lands south of 
 the latitude of Alton. 
 
 No. 74, Hominy; seed from T. Chester. 
 
 Type, uniform. Ears, 8^ to 9 inches long, diameter 2.25 to 2.6 inches. Cobs, red 
 or white, large, 1.3 to 1.6 inches in diameter. Ears, rough, cylindrical, compressed 
 rounded; tip, rounded, fairly filled. Juncture, y 2 to $ inch long. Kernels, thin, rather 
 narrowly wedge-shaped, ^ to ^ inch long, 5-16 to ^ inch wide; white above, horn- 
 white below, crease-dented, pinched. Rows, 16 to 20; space between, slight. 
 
 Did not mature in season of 140 days. 
 
 No. 78, Shoe peg; seed from T. Chester. 
 
 Ears, 8 to 9^ inches long, diameter 2.1 to 2.2 inches. Cobs, white, small, i to i.i 
 inches in diameter. Ears, tapering, rough; butt, nicely rounded; tip, pointed and filled. 
 Juncture, medium, ^ to ^ inch wide. Kernels, narrowly wedge-shaped, fy inch long, 
 5-16 inch wide, long dimple- to crease- dented, pinched; white above, horn-white below. 
 Rows, 16 to 20; space between, slight. 
 
 Did not mature in season from May I4th to October 2d, or about 140 days. 
 
 NON-MATURING VARIETY Kernels, colored, not yellow Ears, smooth. 
 
 No. 80, Piasa pet; seed from T. Chester. No. 141, Piasa pet; Farm, Field and 
 Stockman. 
 
 Type, uniform, except in color. Ears, 9^ to 10^ inches long, 2.4 to 2.6 inches in diam- 
 eter. Cobs, red or white, large, 1.3 to 1.5 inches in diameter. Ears, rather smooth, nearly 
 cylindrical; butt, compressed rounded; tip, rounded and not filled. Juncture, small, l / 3 to 
 ^ inch in diameter. Kernels, broadly wedge shaped; corners, rounding; ^ inch long, 
 7 16 inch wide, crease dented; white above, white to pink below. Rows, 14 to 16; space 
 between, apparent. 
 
 Taking an average of the two plats, the height of stalk was n^ feet; of ear, 6^ 
 feet. Four per cent, of the stalks were barren. Did not mature in season from May I4th 
 to October 2d. The yield of shelled corn per acre was (good ears. 77.1; nubbins, 14.6) 
 <)i-7 bushels, and of thoroughly air-dry corn 60.4 bushels. There was 42.54 per cent, of 
 water in corn when husked. At that time it took 80.9 pounds of ear corn to make a 
 bushel of shelled corn, and 126.4 pounds to make a bushel of thoroughly dry corn. 
 
68 BULLETIN NO. 4. \_February, 
 
 RESULTS IN DETAIL EXPLANATIONS TO TABLES. 
 
 Table i. The germinating power of fifty kernels of each of the vari- 
 eties of seed planted on Plats i to 91, except Nos. 15 and 62, was tested in 
 the Geneva apparatus at an average temperature of 79 degrees Fahrenheit. 
 [For description of Geneva apparatus see Bulletin No. j>, p. jo.~\ 
 
 The number of plants growing in 100 hills on plats i to 25, and in 
 18 hills on plats 26 to 91, was ascertained 14 to 15 days after planting; 
 and in 18 hills on plats 92 to 169 the number was ascertained n days 
 after planting. The percentage of kernels producing plants is given in 
 the table. 
 
 September i4th to 2oth, the number of stalks and the number of 
 barren stalks growing in 90 hills on plats i to 25, and in 81 hills on plats 
 26 to 169 was ascertained. For comparison, a full stand is considered 
 to be four stalks to a hill, which was the number of kernels planted. 
 
 The height of stalk, and of the butt of the ear from the ground, was 
 ascertained by selecting what appeared to be an average hill, usually of four 
 stalks each bearing an ear, and taking an average of the measurements 
 thus obtained. 
 
 Weekly observations were made upon the tasseling of the several 
 plats, beginning July loth and ending August i5th. The date given in the 
 table indicates that the condition specified was reached during the pre- 
 ceeding week. 
 
 Observations were made upon the ripeness of the corn at three 
 periods, September loth and i4th, September 2ist and 22d, and October 
 ist and 2d. The date given in the table indicates that maturity was 
 reached during the ten days preceeding the observation, except the first 
 date, which, in a few instances, may be more than ten days after maturity. 
 
 Table 2. For plats i to 25 there is given the yield in pounds of ear 
 corn on each of the eight rows, 10 rods long, or i-72d of an acre; for plats 
 26 to 91, the yield on the west and middle thirds of the plats, i-4Oth of an 
 acre; for plats 92 to 113, the yield on each one-sixth of the i-2oth-acre 
 plats; and on plats 113 to 166 the yield on each one-third of the i-4oth- 
 acre plats, is given. 
 
 Plats i to 9 were husked October 3oth; plats 10 to 25, October 2yth; 
 plats 26 to 68, October 2oth; plats 69 to 91, October 25th; plats 92 to 95, 
 November yth; plats 96 to 146, November i3th and i4th; and plats 146 
 to 166, November i7th. 
 
 Table j. In plats i to 25 forty-five hills, or i-72d of an acre, and 
 in plats 16 to 166 fifty-four hills, or i-6oth of an acre, were used to ascer- 
 tain the number and weight of good ears and nubbins, and the shelled 
 corn from each. The weights were taken in the field, as given in table 2, 
 and the corn used for this purpose was reweighed just before shelling. 
 In shelling, any corn remaining on cobs was removed by hand. The cobs 
 were then weighed. The difference was the weight of the shelled corn. 
 From these data the yield of corn per acre was calculated from the field 
 
1889-] FIELD EXPERIMENTS WITH CORN 1888. 69 
 
 weight, as given in table 2. An average pint-sample of the shelled corn 
 of each variety, with the few exceptions noted in the table, was sent to 
 the Station laboratory and the percentage of water ascertained. From 
 these data, there were calculated the yield per acre of corn containing 
 ii per cent, of water and the pounds of ear corn, as husked, that it would 
 take to make a bushel of corn containing n per cent, of water, which is 
 the per cent, of water, approximately, in thoroughly air-dry corn. 
 
 One to five (usually three) days elapsed from the time the corn was 
 husked until it was shelled. It is, therefore, a slight error of statement 
 to give the percentage of water as that of the corn when husked; but as 
 the percentage of shelled corn in ear corn was calculated from the field 
 weights of the ear corn, it causes no error in giving yields. 
 
 Table 4. A division into good ears and nubbins was made, and the 
 calculated number per acre and the average weight of one hundred 
 of each, is given in the table. What constituted a nubbin was a matter 
 of judgment, and varied with the character of each variety. 
 
 Table 5. The yield of the 25 plats of tract (a) during the season of 
 1887 is given in this table. The corn was planted May i4th and husked 
 October 25th to 2yth. The yield per acre was calculated from three- 
 fourths of the plat, or i-i2th of an acre. The percentage of water was 
 ascertained from sample ears, instead of from an average sample. 
 
 -3 
 
70 
 
 24 
 
 23 
 
 20 
 
 :9 
 
 16 
 
 
 BULLETIN NO. 4. [February, 
 
 DIAGRAMS OF PLATS USED IN EXPERIMENT No. i 
 
 | 76 | 
 
 QD 
 
 | 78 | 
 
 r~79~~i 
 
 [~80~~| 
 
 nn 
 
 i '/ 
 |_83 j 
 
 68 
 
 60 
 
 50 
 
 42 
 
 34 
 
 26 
 
 69 
 
 61 
 
 51 ! 
 
 43 
 
 35 
 
 27 
 
 L^ 
 
 70 
 
 62 
 
 1 63 | 
 
 44 
 
 36 
 
 28 
 
 54 
 
 71 
 
 63 
 
 55 
 
 45 
 
 37 
 
 29 
 
 l~8r~i 
 
 | 85 | 
 
 | 86 j 
 
 nn 
 
 DUO 
 
 |_89_J 
 | 90 | 
 
 nn 
 
 72 
 
 64 
 
 56 
 
 46 
 
 38 
 
 30 
 
 73 
 
 65 
 
 57 
 
 47 
 
 39 
 
 31 
 
 74 
 
 66 
 
 58 
 
 48 
 
 40 
 
 32 
 
 75 
 
 67 
 
 59 
 
 49 
 
 41 
 
 33 
 
 102 
 
 101 
 
 100 
 
 99 
 
 98 
 
 97 
 
 96 
 
 95 
 
 94 
 
 93 
 
 92 
 
 113 
 
 112 
 
 111 
 
 110 
 
 109 
 
 108 
 
 107 
 
 106 
 
 105 
 
 104 
 
 103 
 
 124 
 
 123 
 
 122 
 
 121 
 
 120 
 
 119 
 
 118 
 
 117 
 
 116 
 
 115 
 
 114 
 
 135 
 
 134 
 
 133 
 
 132 
 
 131 
 
 130 
 
 129 
 
 128 
 
 127 
 
 126 
 
 125 
 
 146 
 
 145 
 
 144 
 
 143 
 
 142 
 
 Ml 
 
 140 
 
 139 
 
 138 
 
 137 
 
 136 
 
 157 
 
 156 
 
 155 
 
 154 
 
 153 
 
 152 
 
 151 
 
 150 
 
 149 
 
 148 
 
 147 
 
 168 
 
 167 
 
 166 
 
 165 
 
 164 
 
 163 
 
 162 
 
 161 
 
 160 
 
 159 
 
 158 
 
 CO 
 
 oo 
 
 [Note to Diagrams. Tract (a) had 25 plats, Nos. i to 25, each containing 8 rows, 
 45 hills or 10 rods long. Tract (b) had 66 plats, Nos. 26 to 91, each 9 hills or 2 rods 
 square, except Nos. 51 to 54 and 76 to 91, which were 4 by 9 hills each. Tract (c) had 76 
 plats, Nos. 92 to 168. Nos. 92 to 113 were each 9 by 18 hills or 2 by 4 rods, and Nos. 114 
 to 168 were each 9 hills or 2 rods square. The position of the tracts in relation to each 
 other is not shown.] 
 
i88 9 .] 
 
 FIELD EXPERIMENTS WITH CORN 1888. 
 
 Maturity in 10 days 
 ending 
 
 i-iCN_;NNN_;_;>-iC-<N NN fNI" 
 
 " 2 
 
 J15 H Jo S tlt It t Jo 
 
 Full tassel in week 
 ending 
 
 <S^^~^V?^^V? ^ XXX 
 
 A< A< < < ^AHA^-HAH, ' A A^A 
 
 First tassel in week 
 ending 
 
 Oooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo ooo oooo 
 
 >>>,>,^>,>s>,>,>, X>^>,>,>, >,>^ ^ >, >>>>>, 
 
 3333333333333333 33 333 
 
 Av. circum. of 3 cobs, 
 inches. 
 
 T$~ r>. to w !* tooo co N cooo to co co oo oo 
 to i- N ON - r^o oo ONOO to r^ oo oo to o 
 
 ro * Tl- * ro Th - co rf rororororo roc 
 
 ) ro <* ^t- 
 
 Av. circum. 3 specimen 
 ears, inches. 
 
 N OO *-O t^ 1 * UO i-O t^> CO iOOO W OO CO I""* 
 
 o t^i^j^t^t^t^^t-. vovd\dvd^ o\d ^dvdt^ 
 
 Av. length 3 specimen 
 ears, inches. 
 
 Q\ t"^* ^* t^* LO w> vO OO O CO CS 00 &O 1 -O t^.OO 
 
 r- ON O O^ & O^ c5^0O GN OO t^OO I>-OO 00 CO OO t^>OQ 
 
 Ears. 
 
 43 ^ 
 
 ^ J? ^ 1C ICvo^xo^to K e 
 
 o 
 4 to 
 
 <t to t- 10 10 to IOVO Tj- 10 to * tO 10 10 10 OlO ^0 T)-to 
 
 E 1 "" Stalks. 
 
 X X c? !ClQlClC^lQtotoc?lC X 
 
 M M N 
 
 2-222^222-" ^2 "" n - 22" 
 
 Percentage of barren 
 stalks. 
 
 ON M ON t^OO ro^O co "^ t^.^0 r^* l~* ro ON '-i CO 1 
 
 ~- t^ t^ r^ 
 
 Percentage of a full 
 stand of stalks. 
 
 OO N ro * ro^D OOOOOO^OMt"rf-t^Tj- Nt 
 OO ONt^OO l^-OO OO ONOO OO OO OO 2 f^ 00 ^ ** 
 
 -^ N ^ ro 
 
 3\ ON ON3O 
 
 r'ercentage germinating 
 in field. 
 
 ^~ >^ ro r-j OO to ro O to M ro^O *O ^O ^t"*O to 
 OO QO to t~* ^^O t^00 OO r~-oO vO vO \O to*O ^J* 
 
 ^ ONOO rj- 
 
 Percentage germinating 
 in Geneva apparatus. 
 
 OO O *>O O *O O O O O O O O *-O W O ^OO CO O O 
 ON O *O O ON O O O O O O O OO ON O ON ON ON O O 
 
 - 
 
 Page of description. 
 
 OroOTj-rj-t^>-iN ONrf tooo OO OO r^ ^ ON 
 
 N OO M -<J- 
 
 1 
 
 M 
 
 V 
 
 c 
 u 
 
 
 '.%'.'. '.' u i ~ ' '.^ \ M _ -HH H ; 
 
 _; * d ; A ^ O 5 e _: e _; a i=! c e _; 
 
 ~* r. b/T . flj | ^ W} > r~] bj^p ^ &JD tjQ &JD^^ 
 p? ' ^ rt ' ^ ~^j-i03O'*rt rt i rt G$ 
 
 j 1 2 2 " "O3cx-t;>-,ci, 4 j - CL. ^a. o.*^ 
 
 "S' = ij'rtaS o aa : ' "*a a w 
 
 rtS rt J3 ;u-?aa)4243'3x^43 O.C 43 -'S 
 
 -d 
 
 "b 
 u 
 
 a 
 
 o 
 
 > 
 
 a 
 
 o 
 
 b-l 
 
 
 . . g . 13 g % ff 
 C "" ^ = ^ *- 2'- : "fl C - 
 O^-^-y'-og'^ QH^i^ 
 
 .^oci^Kuojt/;^ >, j > - 
 
 .^* W PQ o ^ ^S M C *[2 ^"c ^ t I ^ \j hJ 
 
 University tarm . 
 varieties. 
 University farm . 
 Wm. T. Lamb . . 
 F.,F. and S 
 
 1 
 
 u 
 
 a 
 
 rt 
 
 fc 
 
 R o-'-'S -'"S >, 
 
 "^* * * *3 * * ". **O *^J "'Sj ' r 
 
 .! : ITJ : ; ^l 1 
 
 6 
 
 ^ s: M 
 
 ^ 3 ^ J : A ^ J -3 o 3 : c : ^ 
 
 Smith s mixed dei 
 Tract (a) W 
 Burr's white 
 Princeton 
 Clark's premium 
 
 
 DO ONO 
 
BULLETIN NO. 4. 
 
 \_Febrtiary t 
 
 Maturity in 10 days 
 ending 
 
 ^ O N O O N O N O OOOOOci MM N _ 
 
 E Q.* Qi 
 
 _ JTjj D 
 
 tf 111^15 *M$M* -n* K $ 
 
 Full tassel in week 
 ending 
 
 06 00 ^ 10 
 tJOjx, U3_>^ 
 
 
 
 3333333 ^ 333333^3 ^, ^* -, ^ ^* 
 
 First tassel in week 
 ending 
 
 O OC 00 
 
 ooo ooo ooo ooo o o o o oocoooooooc:/: u-.vo 
 
 ti>,>^ 
 
 >,>,>,>x^>> >,>,>~>,>,>,^ >,>>>,>, >,>,>,>, 
 
 
 333333333333333533 = 33 
 . . .' .>'>' 1> > > >i > > >> ,' >' ,' . . . > 
 
 Av. circum. of 3 cobs, 
 inches. 
 
 o oo 
 
 t^. fiOO r^rOf^J vOOOOONNNOOr^N fO 
 <-* OO O OO OO OO 1/1 1OO O 1/1 ^i" ^t* ^" 1OOO ^f 1O3O 1/1 
 
 ^^co rf rorOro^rofOco^fOfO^rorf-rofO^TK^^-rJ- 
 
 Av. circum. 3 specimen 
 ears, inches. 
 
 LO 1O 
 
 NOON 1OO 10 i- 1O O "" " flO 10 '^1 1O - vO N 
 
 vOOt^ r-00 t-vovovooo mu^oo t-00 t-t^t^vo r- 
 
 Av. length 3 specimen 
 ears, inches. 
 
 Cr o 
 
 N ro f^i r^. t~> t~- t^ oo looo 1/1 10 i^"OO 
 
 OOO OO 
 
 oo oo r^oo oo oo oo ooo i^ r^ r~~ r^ o O O ooo o O o 
 
 Ears. 
 
 10 LO LO in 
 
 ICJClCinin^ ^JC loiCtQio m J?iouom 
 
 t^. Tt" 1O 1/1 
 
 o 
 
 ffi ~ Stalks. 
 
 1/1 1/1 
 
 i/i 10 1/1 10 10 10 10 in 
 
 fOO - 
 
 OOO'-'O'-'OO* OOO OOO O NNN NN 
 
 Percentage of barren* 
 stalks. 
 
 OOO O 10 
 
 00^^-fOOOWOOSOM-O^^OO^N'C- 
 
 
 Percentage of a full 
 stand of stalks. 
 
 - 00 vO O 
 00 r^oo O 
 
 rJ"OO O " ^f" N fOvO OO N O N O O N N * OOO f*"1 
 
 OOO r~ O OOO OO t^OOOO OO OOOO OOr^ OOO 
 
 Percentage germinating 
 in field. 
 
 1O 1OVO r^ 
 
 O 100 "" ^O roO O r'iNOOOOOOO N in O o "~. ro 
 
 OOCOOOOOOOOOOOOO OO OOO OO OO OO OOO O OO 00 
 
 Percentage germinating 
 in Geneva apparatus. 
 
 00 N O 00 
 
 OOOO 
 
 l-l 
 
 8OOO O rfQOOO O O -d-00 OO^OOOOOO'*'* 
 O OO OO OOO O OOC JO OO O O OO 'J-OO 
 
 Page of description. 
 
 O 1-1 "3-OO 
 
 f OO O OOOOO O OO OOO t^OO i- 10 * N OO 10 N 
 
 
 
 So 
 
 j 
 u 
 
 JS 
 
 
 :::::: ^ : : : 2 ::::::::.: 
 
 .. Piasa, 111 
 . . Waucoma, Iowa 
 . . De Soto, Neb. . 
 . . Champaign, 111. 
 
 
 "" > -<' ^Q s 
 c Sd^ 1 = ^ -Jd ' ; 
 
 I I||I i iP : 
 
 d 
 
 "Q 
 
 1U 
 
 o 
 s- 
 
 
 
 g 
 ^ .ti 
 
 HH ^ "" 
 &H ^ <5 | ^ ] 
 
 g :::::: ^ :::::: ^ : : : : : 
 
 J- W .tJ ..<-.. <n O 
 
 v2>: e*" S * 'a " " c'* 
 
 H 
 
 'C 
 
 > 
 
 S-i 
 
 
 
 u 
 
 
 
 
 j|jj iUniHiliUMjr!;-:: 
 
 2 r E 
 
 x 
 
 c -" 
 u 
 *- ~G 
 
 aw- 
 
 |.||| * 
 
 Sill ^ 
 
 C-UO W 
 
 > ; : : : <u : o -5 ^ 6 ; : ; ^ ^ : ; : 
 
 J jj>8 '* -e >L O "*" "O ' ^ >, ' ' 
 
 ; 512111 JlllllllllJlill 
 
 No. of plat. 
 
 N fO ^t" m 
 N N N N 
 
 ^ ^ ^R^RS^^^f^f??^. 
 
i88 9 .] 
 
 FIELD EXPERIMENTS IN CORN 1883. 
 
 73 
 
 oooooc oooocoo ooo 
 
 \O r^O O f t-~O too 
 
 ONOO ONOO 00 -O ONOO O 
 
 OO O OO ON O 00 OvOO ON O 00 O ON O 
 
 O OO ON O 00 OO 
 
 oo 
 
 O 
 
 ^ ON ro tO ^O to to>O to t 
 
 to to to to 
 
 to to to 
 
 pj mod d 
 
 ONOO ONN 
 
 10 n N NO m *t O N 
 
 ON N O TfOO OO ^O VO O ON t^ ON>O fO rOO vO NOOOOt^i-i O O 
 
 oo oo r^oo o~oo o 
 
 oooooooooooo OT)-OQOO : o oo oo o o 
 
 OOONONONONOOON OONOOOO . O ON ON O ON 
 
 N -*vo NO oo oo 
 
 O O O 
 OO O NO 
 
 TJ-Tj-LOO^O M VO X> >-O N N N OC N 
 if) \-f~) Wi u") LOO *-O ^t"O t-O ^O LO IO"O 
 
 N O N OO rOOO OO ro ON ONX) m t^ 
 too to too to to too to to too O 
 
 OOt^m r^^tNO 
 O O O O O O too 
 
 ^ o - 
 
 S rt ; 
 
 (S : :.: : 
 
 
 
 S"<, 
 
 d. 
 
 rt 
 
 'oS 
 
 u 
 
 
 
 > 
 
 =: - "o 
 
 rt 
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74 
 
 BULLETIN NO. 4. 
 
 \_February, 
 
 Maturity in 10 days 
 ending 
 
 Full tassel in week 
 ending 
 
 First tassel in week 
 ending 
 
 66666 
 
 O5 . . l 4) 4) 
 
 O OOOPDOODDDDOOO 
 
 Av. circum. of 3 cobs, 
 inches. 
 
 to N CO CO N 
 
 Av. circum. 3 specimen 
 ears, inches. 
 
 CO 00 
 
 vd vd 
 
 t^* co cosO 
 i TJ- in m "tf- 
 
 Av. length 3 specimen 
 ears, inches. 
 
 com 
 
 d-ao 
 
 OO 
 
 o 
 
 <s] - Os O Os 
 
 OO OO 00 OO OXJO O Os OsOO Os OsOO 
 
 Ears. 
 
 mm in 
 
 co co co co csi 
 
 mmmm 
 
 Stalks. 
 
 in in in m in 
 
 Os dsxj OsOO 
 
 in in in in in in 
 
 ONO-cJN6dddcc)osdds- 
 
 Percentage of barren 
 stalks. 
 
 CON O co 
 
 Percentage of a full 
 stand of stalks. 
 
 Percentage germinating 
 in field. 
 
 O int^ 
 
 Os 1-1 
 
 Percentage germinating 
 in Geneva apparatus. 
 
 Page of description. 
 
 J 
 
 
 : '. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 g" 
 
 
 > a 
 Wo 
 
 No. of plat. 
 
 H S 
 
 Bloody butch 
 Common red 
 
 _ ta. O.S| 
 
 N ro -^- msO.t^oo OO I- M ^ * 
 OsOsOsOsOsOsOsOsO O O O O 
 
1889.] 
 
 FIELD EXPERIMENTS WITH CORN 1888. 
 
 75 
 
 M'^vv*cM-s;yv 
 
 .NQ.NNO.D.NNMQ-NNa.a.NNNMNfS NNN . O. N Q. G. M O. . .NO-CXQ- 
 
 ^oCooCCooo-otJcSoooooo otju^^o^^o^^ JJ* o _C 3 c JJ" 
 
 
 * 
 
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 ro m in inoo N fi t^ in m N t^ 10 N 
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 moo N c<i 
 
 N m ooo 
 
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 t^ COOC 00 
 vo 00 O O 
 
 oS 1 
 
 ^^fOC^COTf . 
 
 ro M c<) . ro rj- rf ro fO -* co ro * CO Tj- fO 
 
 TJ-CO 
 
 coco 
 
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 rh co co co t rh 
 
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 N m fi m 
 
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 t^O 
 
 t^OO 
 
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 fr 
 
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 t^vO vO O vO t^ 
 
 OVOVO .invooovovovovovovo vO -vOvO 
 
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 vo mvo vo l^vp 
 
 r^ oo i^ fi 
 
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 ro f^ t^ COOO 
 
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 4O iri xr> 10 LO ir> u^ tr% 10 *O 
 
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 "-"OOOOrOOOOOO-^-NfO'-N 
 
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 i 
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 iversit 
 
 ^ 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
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 Extra early 
 Southern queen 
 Golden beauty 
 farmers' favorite 
 
 ^ueen of the prairie.. 
 Vlissouri mammoth. . . 
 Vlammoth bronze . . . . 
 
 O 
 
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7 6 
 
 BULLETIN NO. 4. 
 
 \_February, 
 
 Maturity in 10 days 
 
 D <L> fiJ lj D 
 
 a. ex a. a- & 
 
 
 4J <U 
 
 ending 
 
 C S 5 C E 
 ,_J ^J ^J , I ^J 
 
 escctjucco^u " o -u o ^o 
 
 = = s- 
 
 
 
 
 jA ' 
 
 Full tassel in week 
 
 oo i- 1-1 - oo 
 
 
 CO Jf 
 
 ending 
 
 M t/j tyj b/i b/ 
 
 33333 
 < 
 
 tuObjObjOb/)Mb/)b/)b/J6JObXlob/JbX)b/3tX) 
 
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 ending 
 
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 33333 
 < 
 
 bi)bJObJ3bi)fcJoti)bi)bJo>>>>>> fcjobjo 
 
 33333333 -S 33 
 
 : ^-^^ < < 
 
 3 3 | 
 
 i Av. circum. of 3 cobs, 
 
 Tf LOCO I~> 
 
 OO M NO OO r^NO ON ^- OO 
 
 
 
 inches. 
 
 Tj- * ro ro 
 
 fO rJ-Tj-c^TffO^r^roro.M 
 
 Tj-roro 
 
 Av. circum. 3 specimen 
 
 33-3-3 
 
 ro OO i-OOOsONM -"I 
 
 r^ t^oo 
 - O 
 
 ears, inches. 
 
 t"-* t""*\O *O 
 
 .0 vo l^vO t^vO VO vO NO NO _ 10 
 
 vO ^O 10 
 
 Av. length 3 specimen 
 
 00 r^OO t^ 
 
 ro f) 10 10 N CO t^> 1000 
 ro cO t^ x^ ^- i n <^ N to ro 
 
 00 N 
 
 ears, inches. 
 
 O^ C\ ^ O^ 
 
 CO t^.00 00 CO 00 CO ON OsOO *? 
 
 ** ON ON 
 
 
 to w u"j 
 t-^ N 10 M 
 
 tClCtC^^^^tClCto^tC 
 
 ICJC 
 
 ^ tars. 
 
 LO LO IO*O W 
 
 ,10x010^10 rh * ^- r^ r,- ro ^ * 10 
 
 44 
 
 Stalks 
 
 i?^iolClC 
 
 10 K^lotC toJ? 1C^ 1C 
 
 u^ r^. LT> 
 
 
 00000 
 
 OOOOOONOOCO ONOO OO 00 ON ON 
 
 O^ O^ *-^ 
 
 Percentage of barren 
 stalks. 
 
 OO * o -< O 
 
 ^^^^^ 
 
 - 
 
 ! Percentage of a full 
 stand of stalks. 
 
 N i- 00 N 
 
 1^ t~- N ON r-~ O\00 00 ONOO" 1--OO OC CO 
 
 O ro ^J" 
 00 OO OO 
 
 Percentage germinating 
 in field. 
 
 N ONO ro O 
 ro OO OO 
 
 OO OO " ON t~ ONOO OO ON ON ON ON ON ON 
 
 <O ONNO 
 
 oo oo oo 
 
 Percentage germinating 
 in Geneva apparatus. 
 
 
 : : ; : : : : : 
 
 
 Page of description. 
 
 
 VO O CO CO OOOON 00 CO 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 c 
 
 i 
 
 
 . . . . . . . 1 1 
 
 
 i 
 
 u 
 
 
 ; ; c 
 
 . . ' . . . . . . c 
 . . ; a, 
 
 ::::::::::: B 
 
 rt 
 
 
 -a 
 "b 
 
 
 o 
 
 |im 
 
 :::::::::::: S 
 
 ^ 
 
 ^3 
 
 o 
 
 - - - - 
 
 P 
 
 8 * " 
 
 a 
 
 c 
 
 <i 
 
 5^ r 
 
 ^ 
 
 
 
 X ' 
 
 " ' ' i 
 
 "u 
 > 
 
 "3 
 
 1 
 
 iltll 
 
 . ^ o *. * * Sj 
 
 "^i sd M ill slll^J 
 
 s ; . _o 
 1 : j t 
 
 No. of plat. 
 
 ^^J^ 
 
 C^ O "* Cl <"*"} ^J" *-OO t^*00 O*^ O "* N ro 
 
 vO O vO 
 
i88 9 .] 
 
 FIELD EXPERIMENTS WITH CORN 1888. 
 
 77 
 
 TABLE 2. FIELD WEIGHTS OF EAR CORN IN POUNDS. 
 
 2 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 p 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Yield of 
 
 
 
 Row i. 
 
 Row 2. 
 
 Row 3. 
 
 Row 4. 
 
 Row 5. 
 
 Row 6. 
 
 Row 7. 
 
 Row 8. 
 
 ear corn on 
 
 ^ 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 i-gth acre. 
 
 P" 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 I 
 
 9-5 
 
 86 
 
 87 
 
 74-75 
 
 80 
 
 89 
 
 75-5 
 
 81 
 
 663.75 
 
 2 
 
 100.5 
 
 92.25 
 
 85 
 
 94 
 
 93-75 
 
 91-5 
 
 96.25 
 
 91.25 
 
 744-5 
 
 3 
 
 no 
 
 100.5 
 
 94-5 
 
 93-75 
 
 CO r 
 
 -5 
 
 96 
 
 101.25 
 
 125-5 
 
 810 
 
 4 
 
 110.25 
 
 9i 
 
 85-5 
 
 98 
 
 97-75 
 
 92.5 
 
 92.25 
 
 94-5 
 
 761.75 
 
 5 
 
 9 1 
 
 90 
 
 83-75 
 
 83 
 
 84 
 
 85-5 
 
 80 
 
 89-5 
 
 686.75 
 
 6 
 
 93-5 
 
 100.25 
 
 84.25 
 
 92.5 
 
 97 
 
 77-75 
 
 83 
 
 9-25 
 
 721-5 
 
 7 
 
 9975 
 
 98.25 
 
 91-75 
 
 82.25 
 
 83 
 
 82.75 
 
 98-5 
 
 118 
 
 754-25 
 
 8 
 
 99-5 
 
 92.5 
 
 98 
 
 95-25 
 
 96.5 
 
 98.75 
 
 92 
 
 109 
 
 781.5 
 
 9 
 
 95-5 
 
 84.25 
 
 9Q-.25 
 
 78.5 
 
 86 
 
 85 
 
 94-25 
 
 92.25 
 
 706 
 
 10 
 
 93-75 87.5 
 
 845 
 
 9i 
 
 87-25 
 
 87 
 
 76.75 
 
 88.5 
 
 696.25 
 
 ii 
 
 103-25 
 
 835 
 
 78 
 
 73-5 
 
 84 
 
 78 
 
 83-5 
 
 106.25 
 
 690 
 
 12 
 
 80 
 
 76.75 
 
 73-25 
 
 75-25 
 
 70.5 
 
 70 
 
 66.5 
 
 76 
 
 588.25 
 
 13 
 
 9i 
 
 88 
 
 80.25 
 
 83-75 
 
 81 
 
 81.25 
 
 87-5 
 
 Q4- 
 
 686.75 
 
 14 
 
 79 
 
 70.5 
 
 8i75 
 
 78.75 
 
 74-25 
 
 78 
 
 73 
 
 82.5 
 
 617-75 
 
 15 
 
 101.75 
 
 85-75 
 
 84.25 
 
 81.5 
 
 79-5 
 
 91 
 
 80.75 
 
 99 
 
 703-5 
 
 16 
 
 93-75 
 
 91-5 
 
 83 
 
 92-5 
 
 84 
 
 85 
 
 9425 
 
 96-75 
 
 720.75 
 
 17 
 
 74-75 
 
 75 
 
 6'-5 
 
 70 
 
 7'-75 
 
 74-5 
 
 65-5 
 
 83-5 
 
 578.5 
 
 18 
 
 9i 
 
 85 
 
 86.75 
 
 84.5 
 
 83 
 
 945 
 
 90.5 
 
 98 
 
 713-25 
 
 19 
 
 109.5 
 
 95-5 
 
 87-5 
 
 103 
 
 83 
 
 84-5 
 
 87 
 
 95-75 
 
 745-75 
 
 20 
 
 89-5 
 
 80 
 
 78.25 
 
 75 75 
 
 73-25 
 
 77.25 
 
 76 
 
 82.5 
 
 632.50 
 
 21 
 
 95-25 
 
 87-75 
 
 9 
 
 895 
 
 88.5 
 
 85-75 
 
 82.25 
 
 104.5 
 
 723-5 
 
 22 
 
 iOO.25 
 
 83-75 
 
 77 
 
 75-5 
 
 78 
 
 77 
 
 7i-75 
 
 98-75 
 
 662 
 
 23 
 
 70 
 
 67-75 
 
 72.5 
 
 58-75 
 
 73-25 
 
 63-25 
 
 67 
 
 65-5 
 
 538 
 
 24 
 
 i<5-25 
 
 92-5 
 
 95 
 
 93-25 
 
 92-25 
 
 101.5 
 
 104 
 
 109.5 
 
 803.25 
 
 25 
 
 IIO 
 
 99- 2 5 
 
 92-75 
 
 87 
 
 94-75 
 
 99. r 
 
 ss 5 
 
 96.25 
 
 1 06 
 
 774-5 
 
 Sum 
 
 2,385-5 
 
 2,185 
 
 2,108.25 
 
 2,105.5 
 
 2,104.75 
 
 2,115-75 
 
 2,ii5-5 
 
 2,381.25 
 
 17,504-5 
 
BULLETIN NO. 4. 
 TABLE 2 Continued. 
 
 [February, 
 
 Weight ear corn on parts of i-46th-acre plat. 
 
 No. 
 
 West 
 Third. 
 
 Middle 
 Third. 
 
 Two- 
 Thirds. 
 
 No. 
 
 West 
 Third. 
 
 Middle 
 Third. 
 
 Two- 
 Thirds. 
 
 26 
 
 56 
 
 53 
 
 109 
 
 58 
 
 53 
 
 47 
 
 IOO 
 
 27 
 
 28 
 
 53-5 
 34-5 
 
 46.5 
 26 
 
 IOO 
 
 60.5 
 
 I 9 
 60 
 
 I 
 
 49 
 63 
 
 105 
 H3 
 
 29 
 
 56 
 
 49-5 
 
 105-5 
 
 61 
 
 51 
 
 
 101 
 
 30 
 
 42 25 
 
 45-25 
 
 87.5 
 
 62 
 
 52 
 
 52 
 
 104 
 
 3i 
 
 66 
 
 57-5 
 
 123-5 
 
 63 
 
 48 
 
 38-5 
 
 86.5 
 
 32 
 
 40.5 
 
 41-5 
 
 82 
 
 64 
 
 70 
 
 57-5 
 
 127.5 
 
 33 
 
 57-5 
 
 50 
 
 107.5 
 
 65 
 
 66 
 
 63 
 
 129 
 
 34 
 
 
 46-5 
 
 87-5 
 
 66 
 
 74-5 
 
 57-5 
 
 132 
 
 35 
 
 40.5 
 
 39-5 
 
 80 
 
 67 
 
 54 
 
 49 
 
 103 
 
 36 
 
 45 
 
 45 
 
 90 
 
 68 
 
 66.25 
 
 71-25 
 
 137-5 
 
 37 
 
 37-5 
 
 37 
 
 74.5 69 
 
 62 
 
 53 
 
 "5 
 
 38 
 
 43-5 
 
 47 
 
 90.5 70 
 
 72 
 
 
 136.5 
 
 39 
 
 65-25 
 
 Si-5 
 
 116.75 
 
 71 
 
 78 
 
 65' 5 
 
 
 40 
 
 55-5 
 
 52 
 
 107-5 
 
 72 
 
 56.5 
 
 54-5 
 
 in 
 
 4i 
 
 55-5 
 
 56-5 
 
 112 
 
 73 
 
 52-5 
 
 43-5 
 
 96 
 
 42 
 
 51 
 
 53 
 
 IO4 
 
 74 
 
 59 
 
 45-5 
 
 104.5 
 
 43 
 
 69.5 
 
 695 
 
 139 
 
 75 
 
 24 
 
 27-5 
 
 51.5 
 
 44 
 
 48 
 
 55 
 
 IO3 ' 
 
 76 
 
 23 
 
 24 
 
 47 
 
 45 
 
 56 
 
 48-5 
 
 104.5 
 
 77 
 
 23 
 
 35 
 
 58 
 
 46 
 
 60.25 
 
 46.5 
 
 106.75 
 
 78 
 
 21 
 
 30 
 
 
 47 
 
 69 . 
 
 57 
 
 126 
 
 80 
 
 33-5 
 
 32.5 
 
 66 
 
 48 
 
 61.5 
 
 54 
 
 "5-5 
 
 81 
 
 
 26 
 
 57-5 
 
 49 
 
 60 
 
 48 
 
 1 08 
 
 82 
 
 '9 
 
 19 
 
 38 
 
 So 
 
 52-5 
 
 55-5 
 
 1 08 
 
 83 
 
 32 
 
 29.5 
 
 61.5 
 
 
 28.5 
 
 30 
 
 58.5 
 
 84 
 
 30-5 
 
 28 
 
 58-5 
 
 52 
 
 35-5 
 
 34 
 
 69.5 
 
 85 
 
 29-5 
 
 2 9 
 
 58.5 
 
 53 
 
 34 
 
 28 
 
 62 
 
 86 1625 
 
 16.75 
 
 33 
 
 54 
 
 21-5 
 
 18 
 
 39-5 
 
 87 
 
 20 
 
 21 
 
 
 55 
 
 66 
 
 495 
 
 "5-5 
 
 88 
 
 135 
 
 
 27 
 
 56 
 
 43-5 
 
 38.5 
 
 82 
 
 8 9 
 
 18 
 
 I9' 5 
 
 37 
 
 57 
 
 46 
 
 43-5 
 
 895 
 
 90 
 
 19 
 
 I8. 5 
 
 37-5 
 
 
 
 
 
 Sum 
 
 2,097-25 1 2,765 75 
 
 5,763.00 
 
 
 Yield of ear corn, pounds, on one-six of plat. 
 
 Ear corn on 
 
 No. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 i-2Oth acre 
 
 
 I 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 5 
 
 6 
 
 plat. 
 
 92 
 
 27.25 
 
 30 
 
 26.5 
 
 3 
 
 28 
 
 30 
 
 171-75 
 
 93 
 
 49 
 
 535 
 
 65-5 
 
 48-5 
 
 595 
 
 60 
 
 336.00 
 
 94 
 
 535 
 
 53-5 
 
 55 
 
 54 
 
 56.5 
 
 52-5 
 
 325.00 
 
 96 
 
 19-75 
 
 25-75 
 
 24 
 
 27 
 
 24-5 
 
 20 
 
 141.00 
 
 97 
 
 49 
 
 Si 
 
 55-5 
 
 55-5 
 
 56 
 
 58 
 
 32500 
 
 98 
 
 49 
 
 47-75 
 
 56-5 
 
 565 
 
 55-5 
 
 525 
 
 3I7-75 
 
 99 
 
 54-5 
 
 55-5 
 
 60 
 
 60 
 
 60 
 
 54-5 
 
 344-5 
 
 IOO 
 
 49-5 
 
 4975 
 
 54-5 
 
 545 
 
 52 
 
 54 
 
 3'4-25 
 
 101 
 
 44-5 
 
 425 
 
 So 50 
 
 43 
 
 55 
 
 285.00 
 
 102 
 
 46.5 
 
 45 
 
 52 
 
 52 
 
 46.5 
 
 485 
 
 290.50 
 
 103 
 
 51-75 
 
 55-75 
 
 53 
 
 44-5 
 
 5'-5 
 
 46 
 
 302.50 
 
 IO4 
 
 50.25 
 
 54-75 
 
 49 
 
 47 
 
 53 
 
 57 
 
 305 oo 
 
 105 
 
 46 
 
 45 
 
 445 43 
 
 44-5 
 
 48 
 
 271.00 
 
 1 06 
 
 54-5 
 
 50 
 
 5'S 
 
 49 
 
 50.5 
 
 47-5 
 
 303.00 
 
 107 
 
 52-75 
 
 41-25 
 
 47 4i 
 
 46 
 
 45 
 
 273.00 
 
 1 08 
 
 60 
 
 49-5 
 
 59-5 
 
 55-5 
 
 57-5 5* 
 
 340.00 
 
 log 
 
 52 
 
 54 
 
 52 54-5 
 
 48.5 ' 56.5 
 
 317 5 
 
 no 
 
 42 
 
 43 
 
 40 345 
 
 42 
 
 445 
 
 246.00 
 
 III 
 
 59 
 
 55-5 
 
 55 
 
 48-5 
 
 54 
 
 53-5 
 
 325-50 
 
 "3 
 
 56-25 
 
 53-75 
 
 51 
 
 50 
 
 53-5 
 
 505 
 
 315-00 
 
 Sum 
 
 967.00 
 
 956.75 
 
 I,OO2 00 
 
 955 5o 
 
 982.50 
 
 985-50 
 
 5-849 2 5 
 
i88 9 .] 
 
 FIELD EXPERIMENTS WITH CORN 1888. 
 
 79 
 
 TABLE 2 Continued. 
 
 1 
 
 p 
 
 Yield of ear corn, pounds, 
 on each 5/3 of the plat. 
 
 Yield of ear 
 corn on 
 
 "*> 
 
 
 
 
 i-4Oth-acre 
 
 fg, 
 
 E" 
 
 I 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 plat. 
 
 114 
 
 58.5 
 
 53-5 
 
 52 
 
 164 
 
 "5 
 
 56.5 
 
 54-5 
 
 5 2 
 
 163 
 
 116 
 
 51-5 
 
 52-5 
 
 55 
 
 X 59 
 
 117 
 
 45-75 
 
 41.25 
 
 44 
 
 131 
 
 118 
 
 63-5 
 
 54-5 
 
 58-5 
 
 173-5 
 
 119 
 
 60 
 
 54 
 
 59-5 
 
 173-5 
 
 1 20 
 
 46-5 
 
 44 
 
 44-5 
 
 135 
 
 121 
 
 48 
 
 43 
 
 53 
 
 144 
 
 122 
 
 52 
 
 47-25 
 
 50 
 
 1.49.25 
 
 123 
 
 50-5 
 
 45-5 
 
 5-5 
 
 146.5 
 
 124 
 
 49 
 
 41-5 
 
 52 
 
 142.5 
 
 125 
 
 57 
 
 49 
 
 60 
 
 1 66 
 
 126 
 
 63-5 
 
 47-25 
 
 54 
 
 164.75 
 
 127 
 
 5i-5 
 
 48 
 
 54 
 
 153-5 
 
 128 
 
 60.5 
 
 59 
 
 63 
 
 182.5 
 
 I2 9 
 
 50.75 
 
 47-25 
 
 55-5 
 
 153-5 
 
 130 
 
 49-5 
 
 43-5 
 
 46 
 
 139 
 
 131 
 
 37-25 
 
 31-75 
 
 33 
 
 1 02 
 
 I 3 2 
 
 48 
 
 44-5 
 
 485 
 
 141 
 
 133 
 
 55-5 
 
 4i 
 
 55 
 
 I5L5 
 
 134 
 
 45-5 
 
 39-25 
 
 5-5 
 
 I35-25 
 
 135 
 
 48.5 
 
 44 
 
 50 
 
 142.5 
 
 I 3 6 
 
 58 
 
 53-75 
 
 59-25 
 
 171 
 
 137 
 
 53-25 
 
 53-75 
 
 54 
 
 161 
 
 138 
 
 25 
 
 27-5 
 
 24-5 
 
 77 
 
 139 
 
 5i 
 
 46.25 
 
 53 
 
 150.25 
 
 I4O 
 
 40 
 
 39-25 
 
 41.25 
 
 120.5 
 
 141 
 
 49-75 
 
 44-5 
 
 55-5 
 
 149-75 
 
 142 
 
 34-75 
 
 33-5 
 
 37 
 
 105.25 
 
 143 
 
 46.5 
 
 46 
 
 46-5 
 
 139 
 
 144 
 
 39 
 
 28 
 
 3i 
 
 98 
 
 H5 
 
 32 
 
 36-25 
 
 25-5 
 
 93-75 
 
 146 
 
 54-5 
 
 4-5 
 
 5i-5 
 
 154-5 
 
 147 
 
 58-5 
 
 52 
 
 57-5 
 
 1 68 
 
 149 
 
 58.75 
 
 53-5 
 
 50-75 
 
 163 
 
 151 
 
 52 
 
 54-75 
 
 49-5 
 
 156-25 
 
 152 
 
 23-75 
 
 13-5 
 
 16.75 
 
 54 
 
 'S3 
 
 46 
 
 40 
 
 44-75 
 
 130.75 
 
 154 
 
 39 
 
 34-75 
 
 40.25 
 
 114 
 
 '55 
 
 4475 
 
 4i 
 
 47-75 
 
 133-5 
 
 156 
 
 53-75 
 
 54-25 
 
 55 75 
 
 I63-75 
 
 X 57 
 
 42.75 
 
 43-5 
 
 46 
 
 132.25 
 
 158 
 
 54-25 
 
 54.25 
 
 545 
 
 163 
 
 i59 
 
 49 
 
 47-75 
 
 45-5 
 
 142.25 
 
 160 
 
 5i-75 
 
 5i 
 
 47 
 
 H9 75 
 
 161 
 
 49-25 
 
 49-5 
 
 42.25 
 
 141 
 
 162 
 
 54 
 
 5 
 
 47-5 
 
 i5i-5 
 
 163 
 
 33-75 
 
 33-5 
 
 36 
 
 103.25 
 
 164 
 
 50 
 
 42.5 
 
 52 
 
 144.5 
 
 165 
 
 38.75 
 
 36 
 
 35-75 
 
 1 10.5 
 
 1 66 
 
 26 
 
 26.25 
 
 24-5 
 
 76.75 
 
 Sum 
 
 2.456 oo 
 
 2,261.25 '2.413.50 
 
 7-130.75 
 
BULLETIN NO. 4. 
 
 [February, 
 
 
 10 10 ONX 'i-OO ro N vO 00 OO 00 
 
 to f>^C X) 00 ro r^ ON ON ON 
 
 Loss in drying. 
 g 
 
 1- 00 ONNJrOONXJOQ^COt- 
 
 ^ OO OO LO O LO O ^J" CO ^h 
 
 _ _ _ ri - 
 
 % Total air-dry con- 
 
 t>. ON ON ON N ro t~~X> ^OO r~ 
 
 i-trf-r^ N-'ON I -'ON 
 
 taining ii per 
 a, cent, water. 
 
 X) X) X ONX; X) 00 ONX) X) X) t^X) t- 
 
 X) OO O ONX) X) X) 10 t^ ON 
 
 o 
 
 w O^CM^OO .oior^n-Nvo ^ 
 
 *i- 1^ roX) ^ ro i- X) 
 
 " Total as husked. 
 
 ON ON O O ON ON ON O ON ON ON t*> ONX) 
 
 ON ON I^ ON ONX! ONX) 1^ O 
 
 
 t^ ONOO N 1^ ro ONX) N ON CO CO 
 
 \O O ONX) N NO 00 ON 
 
 
 N t^OO ON " 10 -3- Tf -**-X) O 00 N N 
 
 N ON t^ O ^ ON fO 10 ON fO 
 
 | 
 
 o ^Q t^ ** ON t^* r*"5OO " N r^ *O 
 
 ro- I-ONN ro- xoN ON 
 
 pq Good ears. 
 
 XJNNNOOO ONNNrO'-'ON 
 
 \OO T}- t--N ur<l- 
 
 
 
 
 Pounds when husked to 
 
 ^ ^vooOr-X)N ONXT- 
 
 - r^O roo N 00 ^- ^n 
 
 make bushel shelled corn 
 
 *-< wiO ro ^O O N r^ N ^ fO ro N M* 
 
 t^TJ--*h-X) O^OVg ONON 
 
 when dry. 
 
 
 . 
 
 Pounds ear corn per bushel 
 
 -o ^^ O^ co ^J" i-o ^^ co wi rO ^o O*^ *-O^O 
 
 X)00 * ON ON ro ui TJ- ro 
 
 when husked. 
 
 ^^ ^vg-S-^ RS-^cg S ig 
 
 !->. t^O l^> ON lOX) CO lOOO 
 
 Percetage of water in shell- 
 
 OOX) t^Tj-iomr^'-' rh^J-N Tf >ox> 
 
 t^ t^.^O ^ O ^ ON fONO ^O 
 
 ed corn when husked. 
 
 OOO^OX)ON^-N ONOO ONX) r^ O^ 
 
 HH X) O ^O " O O 00 LO PO 
 
 p 
 
 
 fcJO 
 
 
 
 OJ 
 
 : s ' "- 1 : : -g ^- : ^ : 
 
 =^5| S'S^JiS.gy 
 
 j_J" O Ctf Q^ C 'O ^ p -*- >^ Q, " 
 O ) *^ P nr^^-* J f-^"^' 1 *^ 
 
 _;''_'' rt ' 
 
 c 
 
 si r^ a, ^j- h ~ ' o ^ 
 
 u oi u 5 E ^ a 
 
 d 
 
 ' ' ' 
 
 <s 
 
 o 
 u 
 
 o 
 
 .fl 
 O 
 
 . . >S S ' ' u . 
 
 : : 8 c'H-F * 
 
 ff ^ ^ ^ 73 
 
 5 ED j<fc-<>J 
 
 
 C~....-C 
 II V .... 7^ 
 
 cj 
 
 u 
 
 rt 
 
 ~^--j^ 
 
 O b 
 
 O 
 D 
 
 3 
 
 t. ^ CL. ^ ^ o * *- 
 
 Q j^ C ^ U ^" * " c 
 
 '^" ^ O ^ ^C ^ ^ ' rt S 
 
 -5 |f o gJ_cf:u"cg-^55 = 
 WJEJU^OxO ai <iS 
 
 iiUfilfjJ 
 
 No. of plat. 
 
 - N ri THOO - ON - M ro rt- 
 
 u~iO r-^X: ON O - 1 N r^ T^- 
 
 
 
 
i88 9 .] 
 
 FIELD EXPERIMENTS WITH CORN 1888. 
 
 81 
 
 GO CO ON ""> "> to ** ^" trjO N M ^O Tf- ^00 00 ON ONtoNOOr-rOt-^^t' ON CO ON to ^- l-^ N t-^ 
 *-H "O tr> Tf ** N O 00 to CO ON ty~i ^ r*^vO O IS- *i* l^- co *" -" M GO ON "-I ON -< OO N tr> ^- ON r** ON toco ON N >-* 
 
 u-i r-*OO OOOO ^" CO Tf N OO OC OO ro roO co rf ONOO r^-O ON t-O **- N QQ - to t 1 ^ *^ ON rf N ^- 
 
 N t^. \j~)\c> *foO OO 10 d ro -< OO N GO O OO 6 r-^O <* r^-Ot 
 
 O ONOO to ON t^ M I"*- ONOO t-^OO ^O GC ON ON ON ON *-< ONOO OO C 
 
 ) O ON ON "^ ("O ^^ OO ON t^* t^-*00 ON ** OO OC t^- ^^ 
 
 M 
 
 ^- tr> ^-00 N - r- irj t^O u^QO ON M TJ- uo rj- ^ 
 
 J- O^OO \O ^ OO LO ^* M *O t^OO OC ON CO 
 
 \QfO^^cS -oOLn^^ 1 t^-*OO M ro O O <^ O t~-*vO ^O C 
 
 > O ^f""}ONn t^* CO rOOO vO W ^O N OC t*^ ro 
 
 
 
 i-O^O W ^* oO ^" fO ^"O rooo * N 00 0) "^t* ^o O^ O"^ *-o ^ 
 
 OOOO ON VOON^^- rOHH^NvO^iO^ 
 
 OO 00 t** ^ t*-* '. O O OO LO*O !> LOO l^ C^QO \O ON r**-'O t>0< 
 
 o r^st^*o N - i ooo^oo*ooooo t^^o i ooo 
 
 vO - 00 N f~*OO 00 s * Ln i-t ^t" ^" >-* "^ O^ COOO ro fO * 
 
 COOO N ro rOOO t^ rOOO ^t 00 -^ N vO GO (S 
 
 ^^.S^o f^rl t^ t^oo^r^o t^vo r^oo CNt^cooooo O ONOC 
 
 GO ONON^J-Tj-rON -O t^* !** ON O l"^ ^J" *" ^^ 
 
 NH 
 
 ^- ON r^* r^* *^ ^"^O i-O^O *i^i O^*O t^ LO'O ** O*^ *-O rO ON ^ 
 
 )00 ^O i-O rOOO *-O to ON ro ro C< ^t 1 O^ CO ^* 
 
 00 t^* O rOO ^O t^ "^ t^ ^^ wivO ^" *-O O ^^ ON ON O OO ^~ Cl C 
 \^ \^o t-^,\o V O O O vO O *O O vO *O ^D r^ l~^\O O t^*vO t^* t-*vj 
 
 NOOOO OOO O OvO Ot^O OOO r^O ro *> *> 
 
 ' 
 
 -i OO ^t"OO 10 L/") O | - IJ ^ t--*roONO N "- r^.rO L o ONOO "-* fO^ 
 O O MOO O ^ CN| f) O^ ^ ^T O rOO "^COO'O ONN t^-i-t j 
 
 Nf^Lot^MOO r~*.^ONTt-uo LOVO M ^t-GO ro 
 TN t*-.. ^~ t^* co C 1 ) O I' ON ** ** ON CO CN! t^ GO ON 
 
 M M M ^ f4 00 N Q ONOC 10 r-vO t^* N O O ^O "^ t** ^fOO rO M LT> Q ro LO\O O^** O ONONfO'-'OO r-^O ON 
 WwiMWWMj*wttCOWN.eOWMNtt.wfOjNw9 
 
 ; ;J2 ; . ; ; .;.;;: i ;; o o ;;';*;;';;:;* 
 
 
 
 ' . HH ' ' ' OJ 
 
 - L : : :-r : -S i ::::.:*:::: 
 
 c g'S c . ""!_;= 
 r ^ I-H ~"fl cs aj i " ' ' ' : c 
 g ^J o e > i - r 
 
 : jv s 
 3 =: -a i i s 
 
 JO !-<..._ c! -tC 
 ; : . . . -. (o ...... p -3 
 
 r : icn i M ; I IIM*' i Nil nil 
 
 _g c^d d cS*- J: d----^ o cs;- 
 
 CJ (XCwSu ^ ^ZO U ..-< S- SCJ 
 
 
 
 i M ; ;!;;' f- !:!!:! 
 
 f , , : : u ::;:::::::::: 
 
 ^ - -.3 
 
 
 ::5T-5::-a::|:::::u 6 ::.:::" g g -SB 
 
 B'uJ^S^ OS 1 ^ "go^ ; - ; ; '"''S "^ w - . - , (5 ^ W'g 
 
 G "* . ^* < C '^ S ^ C 
 
 D 1 *, HCiiS^H-^HcJ^Ot-* WSWH DU 1 ^ <JP 
 
 ; ; ; ; ; i : : ;i ; ;^: ; : ; ; i ; : ' ; ; : ; i ; ; : ; ; ; ; ;s ; ; ; 
 
 S--d 
 
 : : : :a :^ si j .^ : . : | i i ? ;.1^= : 
 
 - n i> u i, is '-t.. . -d- TJ o >a w 
 
 . >> d > CX'H ?!iij C^-fl ^ s Q > rt"Qd-3'sP., 
 ^rtTSrt O^*^ > cS (J O'r' *^^ ^*^ tjX)^3 
 <a d^A 1 *" ^''^'5 4O >- J3 fi e . CJ3 3ii5 r-i^O HJ 
 *- 1*4 X &. M IA 7 Ct "S IS 5 M O ^ 3 Q e ' d,Gd ii' J= O>U' J3* J 
 
 '? i 4 ^- -S 1 rt S.b'5a.co!-'riJ2N .5 . nj* j 4JO."roNdcnn:>'P 
 -ruo^^'C^S-c S-5 ^WpQ-'S-^tjot/) ^- k ts- Q d_SS4)'>C t T'"'. 
 &_cON rt - i ,j 5 i>3j p - | ^^.S^u^ h 7] s.cc >,^ci c u '>&''>-- c ^- ; " ? 
 
 -._ ^_ O -T'.' 7 -' f v 'O 3 V"5 fcJO-" 1 Uc j<! o Sji' o JS ^ % ' C T3 ^ "O ti O "o Tfl"** -^ "" "i- 
 3u'.Cd'j;odrJ( U oo--So5:5j'i3-- - "o "u u O.S2 5--.^'o 3*C^-ShP'S =< d O g 3 
 
 pq_I^QsiOQ!^feMc^^;^Ejc^aiaio>'>-)JfeHWSo OO > O > N 04 W O ai 05 
 
BULLETIN NO. 4. 
 
 \_February, 
 
 I N Tf l^ M 00 v/i O-OO rO ro r-. ONO ON M ON coco 
 
 Loss in drying. ! ^j-o M ro M N ro d -^ N t^-o ON M ^j- ON N NO t~-- TJ-O iA 
 
 | M M M M_ N M M M M M CO N N N MM 
 
 Total air-dry con- oo oo o N oo vi\o ^o N 't- r^o o w> u-> M ro ON ON 
 taining II per ^firo^t-o ^i- M uitoN o ONt^i/^d ^o fi L*-! ^Aoo o o 
 cent, water. 
 
 fl 
 
 ^ Total as husked. Q N * i-- t~ vno t^.<f t- ^o t-K>roiot^-o ooo N *- 
 
 Nubbins. r> ri-vo t--* N o LOOO M M MO doo CONGO ONOO ^j- N o oo 
 
 N ^OO t^* N OO N CO N if) LO ro N ^"iO ON ON N 
 
 MGood eai'S. M 00 CO O ON t--- ON 1-^,0 COO ON m ON M M r-^oo ro >-< CO t--. ro O 
 
 OO ONO ON 10 ON CNO O O 00 OO ONOC O M O ON 
 
 J ^_^__ 
 
 Pounds when hnsked to | x^x, o^fq i^roONO N ir> r-, -^M roiO ro * r^ r^ t^O 00 
 
 make bushel shelled corn N N ro CNt^oo o oo - d t^- >--i - N roo 'i-d-cod'A'J-<r 
 
 ONCO CO t^> ON t^> l^OO O^O MCO M ONt-^t^. t^ t^OO CO l^CO t^OO OO 
 
 when dry. M M 
 
 Pounds ear corn per bushel . *? . . "". . ". "1" ^ 
 when husked N o coo i^ooo t--.ro , -- -, 
 
 Percentage of water in tl ONO ro^t^o* 
 shelled corn when husked. ^ N 
 
 . bio 
 
 R 
 
 ^ ^ ^ I 5 = g | '' 
 
 ^ -^ O . ^ 5 sfi 
 
 I-) 
 
 s 
 
 a 
 8 
 s ;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;; 
 
 ~3 '.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'. 
 o 
 
 p !/) CLi qj o 4J 4J ^) 
 
 O t~ O ^ f~\ * '" ^M r~t " " (fi 
 
 s x ad S w 5 
 
 u 
 
 'j: 
 
 " "o 
 
 S a 
 
 ; j; 
 
 >% : > 
 
 o 
 
 " E 
 , rt c 
 
 Z T-, 
 
 JJ 
 
 15 
 
 No nf nlnt u ~ > '- 3 '"--^ C^ O N ro -t I^X) O M M ro * iriO r^-CO ON O fO * 
 
 .10. UI JJiai. COOOO t^t--.r^t^ t^t-^ I^CO COOOOOOOCOOOOOCOCO ONONO\ 
 
1889.] FIELD EXPERIMENTS WITH CORN 1888. 83 
 
 OO >- ^- r-. N 'too ONi~*m -NO ON i-oc *3- * <X (--'to mo ON r- in m r^oo 00 OO 't ON 
 
 ro * i- ON TJ- ON i OO N 
 
 >- N OO r- ON ON 
 
 N >-c mO >-< >i oo t^ ON ; m m N m N N m 
 OO O O O l^ t^ t^O OO O t-~ -Or--. t^OO OO t~-OO < 
 
 COOO OO 
 
 ON O OO * * 'too ON c O ro ON ON ONOO 
 
 OOvONOO 
 
 ONCON "-i ON l- moo 
 
 N ONO -N ONO^^Nin rt CO N N t^ rtO t ON N O M ro r^ vn ON 
 
 I-^OO ON ro t~ ro O 
 
 00 r^ O O ON t^oO OO 00 
 
 roO^j- . xnTt-Tj-CN 1 - "tf-OO N *- t^rOfO'-'OO ONf^ro^N OM^Lor^OO *^ 
 l^OO ON t^CO CX5 r^OO OC OO CO O GO t^GO OO *H ON Ov!>0 OOOO ONt^Ot^r^t^ON 
 
 ^oo inoo in d 'to 
 
 t/~jvO OO OO >^ f) t^ t^ t-O CO *-O rO M *-O ^~ to w") ^NVO W O^OO T^ c^l t^ 10 ON ^^O 
 
 ro O ON * rOOO ON ONOO 
 
 to M TJ- O O CO N ONOO ONGO (OO ON t^ O ON t^ ^i"O O M ** tOOO OO TJ" t^- ^J~ 1 O ^ 
 
 t^ t^ t-^OO ^O O O O 
 
 vo t^. t^ r^vo r^ t^o vo vo vo t^ i^vo ^o r^^o MD r^ t^ *%. r^ r^ t^. t^vo r^^o vo ^o t^. 
 
 $8^^ 
 
 *O ro t^ ^OO OO ^O ON t^ rj* N ro i^iOO 10 to t-- ON^ ro w "^ ON fO ^o d ON O N N 
 
 :::::.:: 
 
 O GO ON O CM ^ N ^vO CO ^ tO ^t" c4 ^ ***i\C> N^^fO^^ON^O^GONt-* 
 
 Havana, 1 
 Chanipaig 
 ockman 
 
 
 I] 
 
 1 
 
 t;-OO ON O -; r) ro T)- mo t^-OO ON O >-" ro * mo 00 ON O N ro Tf uio t^.00 ON N ro ** m^O r^OO ON O 
 ON ON ON O O O O O O O O O O >- " >~ "i '1 "1 "i "1 M "> "> "I ** ~1 fO ~1 'O 'O 'O 'O 'O -T 
 
BULLETIN NO. 4. 
 
 \_Febr uary t 
 
 PQ 
 
 
 O OM^COiOTj-r^NOi-ii-iTj-Tt-CN OSC Tj-OC * 
 
 Loss in drying. 
 
 NOOOr^-roCNNi-idroi~--dt---- O O 'J'OC d rO 
 
 Total air-dry con- 
 
 t~~ ^*00 t"- t^ T^-00 O- i 1 01 Tt" Tj-OO i-* to fOO ^" 04 
 
 taining it per 
 cent, water. 
 
 roON'<tf!"-ii/->Lr>r-^O 1-1 T- T(- "J-OO CO 'J-O co io^O N 
 ^^O 10 t^ \j~> in -H ir> 10 irivO ^O OO (--O r^ t^ r^- LO 'd- 't 
 
 
 vO^-^rf OsN^rooO^^N^M N^-rt^vO 
 
 Total as husked. 
 
 \O CN >- O rOC/5 t-O O - t^- +* wi u-i O ''O t^-OO r^ lA ir% 
 t^ t^*GO CMX r^. M t^vo r^oc r^ ^X) cc oo CO u^ r^ u-> Tf 
 
 
 C^ rf H^ fs| ^^ Tf Tf ^H 00 ro'vO t"-* N ^H O^O CC N ^* CC *O 
 
 Nubbins. 
 
 CC GO O Tf c^ O Tf cooO r^ t~^* co | -' fc >cc O r^* N* rocc C^CC 
 
 
 * vO OsuWO^^to'OOO ^^^^-Nro^- 
 
 Good ears. 
 
 OO >-iO QOC OJ^cs 'l-OM-.O r-^CMOi/M/iu-it^r^ 
 LO "TO OO ION rO^J-^-LO LTIO O irju->ir>Tj-ir>rON 
 
 when husked to 
 
 i-iw.r-^wH-OOv^)'^- rOiO NOCOOl^^- 't--NC)^ 
 
 Dushel shelled corn 
 iry. 
 
 I>-dN > -it- ; -Nddi-TJ--NON r-^O -3- is~> iri ft 
 rose -i OM-iiroONOOOOOr^ t^OQ l> ON O OM^ 
 
 ear corn per bushel 
 
 N COO NOO-TfTl-O ir>LOt-. 10 t^oo N r^ 
 
 ausked. 
 
 00 O ""> ^OO CM-I Tf rj- TJ- TJ- ^-CiO O ^fCXO O\ O CC r>. t->- 
 t^ t^ r^ t^ t- t^oo t^ t~~. t~- r^ r^o O t->.o O t~- t- r^o 
 
 itage of water in 
 
 t^. ~ N CN fOO roO O OO O O^3O O OO wi 1-1 rOOO ro 1-1 
 
 corn when husked. 
 
 ? ^-o j,^ ^s?8S:a8aRR^ 
 
 
 
 C 
 
 
 
 
 til 
 
 5 . . . . 
 
 <u 
 u 
 
 = c . . . . 
 
 X 
 
 rt . . . . . . . . . rt . . . . 
 
 OH ' O, ' 
 
 ^ 
 
 S 
 
 
 -c ';';;::::::''' -e 
 
 
 
 o 
 o 
 
 u 
 
 S s: 
 5 S w 
 
 I * ? 
 
 I 
 
 o 
 
 * 
 
 >s ""s "y 
 s S 5 S s 
 
 p 
 
 ~ '~ r. 
 
 sT QJ C" QJ s 
 
 
 
 
 :::.: :^- ::::::::::::: 
 
 
 
 ...... > 
 
 ::::: s ::: :T: :::::::: o 
 
 rt 
 
 :: : : :>g : :^- : & ::::::: * 
 
 u 
 
 S 
 
 d 
 
 
 "Jo. of plat. 
 
 5. 5^. !j ^^^^5;^^ Jo^>5;5 o o o o o 'o 
 
1889.] 
 
 FIELD EXPERIMENTS WITH CORN 1888. 
 
 8 _ 
 
 > *> 
 
 Average 
 ears. 
 
 "i Th ON CM " in Tj-vO N Tf CO 't t~- CO P) ON l~- -> CO ON t^ P) CO 't m N Tj- N 
 r- ON moo mvo r^r^r-.r^OvOvOvOOO ~-.r-.i-> O mvo OOO q- vo vo vc 't sf 
 
 Nubbins. 
 
 VO CO ON m Tf ON mOO N ONVO O TtOO OOO >- I^OOO O CO'Ot^N COON-* 
 covO comco^J - T}-Tj-coininco - <J - cocOin Tt-vO in co co m m P) ro co ^t N 
 
 Good ears. 
 
 ^- O mvo O t^ O m N moo r~- N covp ONVO * N N m r- moo oo O ^ O 
 
 00 * vO ONVO t~* ONOO ONOO CO t-*OO t^ O ON ON N CO t^ t~-* ** ON in t^vo t^ in in 
 
 Number of ears per acre. 
 
 Total. 
 
 OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO O in O in O O O O in *n 
 
 OO~ ON O" f^ O' i- O O OO~ O'vo" i- N" o'vO tC rC pf 00~ ON -< M~ N* pf O~ CO 
 
 
 Nubbins. 
 
 OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO Om'OminOOO m in 
 
 N CON N COCOCON COCOCOCO^^-N co N ^ . M N 4 N ~ N CO 
 
 Good ears. 
 
 OOOQOOQOQOOOOQOO OO O O to O O O O O 
 ^ C4 vO CO vO O ^ O N vo O N OO O N * ON O " to to to co O to vN ** 
 *-OOO OO ONVO 00 co O ^" rO^O OO W ^" *O^O " *^i *^ " I"*-* t*^- ^^ i-OOO ^~ O O^ 
 
 vo mt^^-vo r-vooo mt^cot^oovo ^ TJ- TJ-OO vo vo t- O O ON^OO 
 
 No. of plat. 
 
 IO^* O ^^ W to ^" *-O^O t^OO O^ O ^^ N rO *<J" *^">VO r**OO O^ O ^ N ^O ^" *-OO t^* 
 
 vO 
 
 8 
 
 HH . 
 
 lit 
 
 "v v 
 
 Average 
 ears. 
 
 o i A O 
 
 u^vO *O t->*^'CO^'^l'^'i^t> t^QO OO *O ^00 t^ t->'O 10 I>*OO OO ^OC i/^\O *O 
 
 Nubbins. 
 
 u^OO N co ** co t^* ^t" ^O t s *-'-'OO ^O'OGO C^O O M ^o O *"- N vC *O CJ N 
 
 Good ears. 
 
 N fi t-* O ^ N t^ ** CO OO s * ON N ^~ O^ t^* t^> O 1""* N t~^ W O*^ ^^ ri ^" t^ *O 
 
 t^^O 00 ^O "T" "^ ^J" ^OOO OO t""OO ON t^* O ONOO OO t-\O GO 0^00 LTJ ONO ^O vO 
 
 Number of ears per acre. 
 
 Total. 
 
 . 
 OOOOOOOOOOOOOQOOOOOOOOQ V '^QOOOO 
 N ^* N O OO ^OO ^" ^ N O ^" O ^O ^"*O d C^ ^~ ^"OO O^ ON O H>C ^ Q ^^ 
 O l^-OO ** ^O W CO l^vO ^~ ^" *-f~* *-O N ON'O ON O OO ^*> ^^ ONOO rOOO Lr>^0 O O 
 
 OOOOOOON^O^ ONOO ONt^OOOOt^O ONONN ONO O OOOOC ONO 
 
 
 Nubbins. 
 
 OQQOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO >^ v^ O ""> C O Q Q 
 C*l VO "O ^ C4 ^" C 1 ^ ^ W *^ *^~ N O O OO ^" "^"^V O N C< OO *-*"> C4 -O N 01 O 'O 
 OO N Tj* ^* CO tO "^ ONOO W O W ^^ fO N O *O O ^" *-O ^j" *^" t^^O t^ C$ uSoO r^* 
 
 N NM ^ NNNNfONNNr0 NNNcONCO ^ N NN 
 
 Good ears. 
 
 QOQOOOQOOOOOOOOOOOOOOi'NJ^tr>u^OOOO 
 OOO'OvO^O 5^5 O NOOO N O^D^O NOO^O TfMvC O ^t^.'d-O O O N 
 N ^~ rO*O ro ON COOO CO *^ tO to ^J~ ONVO "O N ON TT O t"** ^O O t*-* O to rO N t"O 
 
 t->. O^^O \O *O ON ON t^00 "O *O t^* tovO *O ^J* w^*O t^* t^*OO 00 ONOO ONVO vO t*- t- 
 
 No. of plat. 
 
 O *" N CO ^ lO'O t^*OO ON O M N r/ ^ 5 "^^ t^*00 ON O M N CO ^J" LDVO t^OO 
 
 o 
 
 M 
 
 '5 <u 
 
 Average 
 ears. 
 
 10 t^ ONvO vO t^*vO *O xo vovO *^"> u^ LOVO \O ^O iO^O lOVO t^* ^>vO vO t^*vO COO 
 
 Nubbins. 
 
 ON ON O t~- O O CO r^vO ON if) ON t** O *O rO ^~vO ^"vO ^^ to ^** t^* W vO O ^"1 t^ 
 
 Good ears. 
 
 W CO CO ^-"O to to O VO ONCO ONOO O ONOO to ON ON LO\O ^"00 f O ON r->. CO "S 
 vO t*^ O ^* t*"OO t*^* r^vO O ~O *-O tovO vO vO t^ l OvO ^O t^*OO *-O t**vO I"** t** ^ t^^ 
 
 Number of ears per acre. 
 
 Total. 
 
 vO O OO O O O ^vO ^OOOOOOCvOvOOOONCOOOOO OOO 
 t^vo *^~ t*J O OO 00 CO W *^j- ^i~ *rf" T^~ O C*l >^> *-* ci vj i^* t^.^0 t^* O vO VD ^""O W 
 CO ''OOO vO to O *O ON t*l "^~vO ^" N O f-^vO N vo ^* CO O l *"> *-O O ^ to to ro "^i" 
 
 ** ON 1^** ON ON O O ON O O ON O N ON ON O ON HH Q\ t^, ^ Q I-N QX QN ON ON 
 
 Nubbins. 
 
 OO O N N vO O ^"O OOOO^-QvOOOQO\ONQvOOOOOOC O 
 OO t^.cOON"^00 ^CO*- 1 ^"OO ^ O Q ONONQ OvO to t/^vO toO vN TfOO Tf N 
 CO tOW "^OOO t^t^*cONOO N -OO O OvOvO ON^ON ^>-" t/-> Q to COOO 
 
 tON N N (S N CON COCOM tO^~^ COCOfOtOCOtON M COtOM N N iN N 
 
 Good ears. 
 
 00 ^"^O OO ^ O O O N O 00 O vO O ^* ONVO OOOOOOOOOOOO 
 
 l^vO ^ r^* t** t^*vO t>*\Q t-vO t^*oo t'-^vo r^* to t^* t^* t^\O u}\Q vo OO l^ O t^vO 
 
 No. of plat. 
 
 N CO -d- tovO t^-00 ON O N to ** ioO r-*OO ON O ^ M CO ^ ^ovC t^OC ON 
 
86 
 
 BULLETIN NO. 4. 
 
 [February, 
 
 8 
 
 "o^ 
 -5 sf 
 
 Mrt 
 'S 
 
 Average 
 ears. 
 
 *" N r^O "-" t-^ O OO NO O roO >-i r<i t-- m ^ " t*i *t * i~ ON 
 1-. to t^oo NO to r^NO r^. T)- to to>O to~7 to to to to rl- o TJ-N 
 
 Nubbins. 
 
 ONCO ro ro r)-OO 00 O -<tO O t-^O 00 "TO O ONOO N O * N 
 ^rou^rJ-rJ-rO T ;h^)'^rrO<~OrO'^"N ^-roromrorO^rON 
 
 Good ears. 
 
 N Tj-CM^-N i- \O N N O f^ *J- ro to ON f^. >i 00 O to O ON 
 00 O OO ON r- r^OO OO ONNU NO NO r^O NO NO NO NO NO to l~NO CO 
 
 Numlier of ears per acre. 
 
 Total. 
 
 o -OOOOOOOOOOOOOOQOOOO 
 
 N ' 'OOOOOCNl'd-'^-'tMONO-'d-NOOOONONp *?<*) 
 ' to * ' ONtOTf^ONfOfOco too co ON ON to t^ O O^^t" t~^ 
 
 d o\ c> c^ cf i- oo" o o c - o" o" i- cfoo" o> d" 
 
 
 Nubbins. 
 
 O -OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOQ 
 vO ' ' O \G O N N Tj- ^->O N^O rj-N^OOO MOO 1- TfvO 
 ~ ' \ooOOM^-OOOOO'^-^OOro^}-'J^N"-ocii^ir^O 
 
 LO rO'fror^-<\O^fO^n T frOLnr'i^5' i^>O ff ro ^-^3. 
 
 Good ears. 
 
 o ooooooooooooooooooo 
 
 "O ''ONOOOMOO^O'^OOOMO T)-OO O 00 OO 
 ' ^ ' f") t^-* LO l^ ON M~) LOOO ON "~1 ^ fOO ^"vO ^ 
 
 LO . ^O ^O u~> J^ *- ^}~ TJ- rf vo\O O t^vO ^O i-O^O LO ^" ^j" 
 
 No. of plat. 
 
 N ro ^f "^^O 1^ O " N ro rf m\D t^X ON O " N ro ^ m\O 
 Tj" ^J~ Ty rj- T}~ ^" Tj* LO u~> to LO 10 LO IO ^O IOO ^O ^ ^O *O *O ^O 
 
 
 8 
 
 M . 
 
 %'! 
 
 M 
 
 'S <u 
 
 ^ 
 
 Average 
 * ears. 
 
 (7\00 vO ^}-N TfCMvO 'J'O N irt~-,LriO\-i IOCX) OO ON r 
 w~> LOO ^O t^ ^o ioO "^ LO t^. 10^ ^O O to^O LO Tj-^o ^o w iovO NO 
 
 Nubbins. 
 
 OOO ^r^">Lor^.M'ONO (^)Tt-N O tot^ rooo OO M O O ro N ro 
 rorOrorO'J-ron\t-rO'^-^-^- < ^-Tj-rorO 1 ^-rOro^''^'CN) ""t" ^" ^j 
 
 Good ears. 
 
 lOTf-u-iO O tnO ONr^ioMOO r^ ^^i loiot^. \ooo O *O 
 t^-O NO t^ ONNO vONONONOOONO l~~t^ t~-NO OO NO IONO O r^NO OO t- 
 
 Number of ears per acre. 
 
 Total. 
 
 OOOOOOOOOOOOOO -QOOOOOQOOO 
 N NO O N O xj-.tN) NO Tj-00 * ThOO ' O N 00 NO N 00 ^OO N 
 
 CN)lOI-lONONONrO'*ONt^.-"'^-Ot^ |ONTj-""NOOlOCN|00 t^-OO 
 
 "O-ONOOM-iONONOONOi-iOs ONOO ON - O 1-1 ONNO OO 
 
 Nubbins. 
 
 ooooooocoooooo -oooooooooo 
 
 OOOONOP)NOOC Tj-NO Tj- Tj-OO O 00 OO OO NO rJ-OO O NO O 
 OO N vox) i-Hi-cOO N^mONT}- "O'-i'^'Or^NtNiNOOOrO 
 
 ^-CNi'-iNNrO'l-rOrorOCNiiONtc rOfO<~O^Nr^torOi-iro 
 
 Good ears. 
 
 OQQOrOOOQOOQOO -OOOOOOOOOO 
 NiOQOOrJ-ntNiOOONOOO OOOrJ-OOOOO'^tNiN 
 'd-NNOi-HOOOOro'^r^"T^ > -''-''^ ONNNOtNi'-NOCNiONto 
 
 NO OC ONOO ^NO I^O NO t^NO UOX) O -NO IO IO r--OO OO NO NO Tj- 10 
 
 No. of plat. 
 
 lOO 00 ON O N rO 'J- IONO t^OO O> "I N rO rh IONO r^OO ON O * 
 i- c -i- < (viNNMfN)CN)tNlCNiCNiCN)roro<^>rororOfOfOrO'4'^' 
 
 
 8 
 
 ol 
 
 if 
 MS 
 D *> 
 
 
 
 Average 
 ears. 
 
 - NO O t>. ^NO NO 1000 00 NO NO r<)NO N t^O OOO t^ioO "1 ONOO 
 ^t* ^- T^-^ NO NO t-^. ON IO IONO to t^> toO >-O to toO O NO tONO to to 
 
 Nubbins. 
 
 NO Tf O N to toOO O 'tONONM tor^f^ro moO NO rf * O O NO ro 
 N CN) M ^r^'J-Tj-O roror r )rO'*rorO'^-'^-rO't'<t^-fO'^- I <l-tNt 
 
 Good ears. 
 
 N. NO t^ >-> NO t^ ONOO ONro O rn toOO f>NO to ro ro TfOO 'too ro 
 toto-^-oo t-~ r^oo O NO r^oo t^oo NO NO NO to*o r^. i^ t^ to I^NO t^ 
 
 Number of ears per acre. 
 
 Total. 
 
 O to to-OO -OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO 
 ro to O O ' OO r~ t~~-oo N o NNOOOOO ONO N (s 'to 
 ON ON to NO NO ' O OO to OOO COOO O to -* NO NO O rO t^ ^i" 
 
 OOON .ONON- .OONONO^-ONOOOOOOONONOOQi-H 
 
 Nubbins. 
 
 to to to -OO -OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO 
 ^^O 'NO ' "NONOOOOOOOrf- 4-00 C) N N N N M-OO O 
 O O i-i | OO O | | O N rONO ON O tONO too ONOO OO NO O t~O 
 
 rororo N fO CO'^-rorO'-if^NrOTj-Ni-ii-iMNNTj-fO 
 
 Good ears. 
 
 toOO -OO -OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO 
 OOMO'OOO ' NOO'^-N-^MOOMO't'^-VOTJ-OOONO'i- 
 N M ^- ] r-~o ' lOtoNTfO^NroOO tONO OO N O O O 
 
 to r^. ON O O t*- tONO O toO 00 t^O OO NO t^NO t^- t--NO OO 
 
 No. of plat. 
 
 OO ON O N ro <* too r-^OO O^ O M rf) Tj- IONO t^OO O> O i- ro rj- 
 
 OOOO ONONOlONONONONONONOOOOOOOOOO'--!!-''-'!-' 
 
 
i88 9 .] 
 
 FIELD EXPERIMENTS WITH CORN 1888. 
 
 8 7 
 
 Loss in 
 
 CO ON t N t~- to "-< r~~ ON*O O O t*") fO N O 
 
 It OONOOONroO 
 
 8 drying. 
 
 N N N mr*>N NNNNCNP) 
 
 |N N N .-" t>- N ro ro 
 
 o . 
 
 t^-OO N " t-- to to tOO tOO VO OO to N O 
 
 N O N N ONW r- 
 
 ~ Z Air-dry. 
 
 fi ^ 
 
 01 i-. 
 
 i^to ON i OOO N \o roO i i *O t O 
 
 .to Oddoddio 
 .N CONNrONfON 
 
 0. 
 
 When 
 
 .or^O rotOvO-t^OOOvO-ootO 
 
 vO OOtOONM^^ 
 
 g husked. 
 PQ 
 
 CJNOO' ro i-t to t O to ON to pi ro rood ^O ci 
 
 O ^^* N ro N 1^* O f^OO 
 mN rONNrororoN 
 
 Pounds, when 
 
 t to NOON tNOOOrO"~'^' > -iNOO>-! 
 
 O OOOOONfONtoto 
 
 hus'd, tomake 
 
 >- 00 troro-00 tOt^-O ro N tro 
 
 . t-^ ro t O ri too w 
 
 bu. when dry. 
 
 
 
 Pounds ear corn 
 
 vOvOvO-OOOOto-vOtroOcoto 
 
 N ro tooO rn roOO 00 ON 
 
 per bushel 
 
 I"-* O *-OOO HN co M O ON l^OO t^ ON t**-* O OO 
 
 OO O t~-O t ONOO O 
 
 when husked. 
 
 
 
 Percentage of 
 water in shell- 
 
 t^* 00 t~^ t^fc'O CO N s * LO ON NH t" O ^^ t^* 
 
 *-O O O W OO O ON^O O CO ro ^^ N fO^O 
 
 . 1-1 o ^O to N ON >^ t-t 
 ^O cocoNcOtt-^ 1 ^ 
 
 ed corn when 
 
 *O O O t^* f*O O f^* i^" ON ^O'O ^O Th^O O 'O 
 
 . OO OO ONCO t--- r^ ON O 
 
 husked. 
 
 
 
 Percentage of 
 barren stalks. 
 
 ^" r^ N O ro rO ^ ^^ ^^ *-OOO N O L O ^^ ON 
 ro ^~ ^t rO\O ro ro ro ro N ro rj- ro C4 c O CO 
 
 ^ -OtNtONO 
 tfO rOttNNNm 
 
 Percentage of a 
 full stand, 4 
 kernels pr hill. 
 
 00 ONOO OO OO 00 CO OO t^CO OO OO ON t^ t^ t^ 
 
 OO OO to t ro ON t^O t 
 
 d 
 
 *. 
 
 
 p 
 
 bio 
 
 U 
 
 b 
 V 
 
 ' fe S " PC 5 S 
 
 JS 3 ' ' |j^ 
 
 ll f ss s|^ 
 
 v S es" a o : 
 
 tn d rt "> 5 C/l C 
 
 O *~| r^ rt ^ ^ ^ 
 
 TJ 
 
 ...'..'.. 
 
 
 'v 
 
 
 
 <u 
 
 
 
 
 
 e 
 
 ! Sl!lt = 
 
 :s e :J J 
 
 . j-J -5 T3 t. 3 
 
 iS iS S rt J3 ^ 
 
 J'g ^""So 1 ^^ 
 
 l> <y 
 
 K> .: cJ-J^'- 1 ' 
 ffiD D fc3iS^ 
 
 
 T3 ^ 
 
 
 u 
 
 'C 
 
 > 
 
 |* 1 : "1 : : d 
 1 : "3 iN :1J 1 
 
 tt . > -0^3 K . . 8 V 
 
 e J! g_ c -S S 
 
 C <U V " ... _ 3 
 
 
 V 
 
 1 
 fc 
 
 ^ C >- ;: C.3 3 <u "2 B 
 "is O ^ C % ^ ^-r>S * 
 
 ^ ^ -S - S*w^-2tgfl >^ 3 
 
 T3 ^ B .-^ ^ Z S 
 
 If - 5 .5 * ^|^ 
 
 "u^ ^ -"'1 s"^ e"^! 
 
 cu-^ S dsrf;c rt "o 
 tfS s^-c.S-cSo 
 J c MSsOJ^JcfiO 
 
 No. of plat. 
 
 " N ro t toxO ~-.OO ON O " N ro t to>O 
 
 I>*OO ON O '^ ^ ^1 ^J" L/ ^ 
 
 
 
 
88 
 
 BULLETIN NO. 4. 
 
 [February, 
 
 Experiment No. 2. Cotn, Test of Varieties for Ensilage. 
 
 The land used in this experiment was in two tracts (a) and (^). Tract 
 (a), plats i, 2, and 3, had been in clover two years. Prior to May ist r 
 it was plowed four inches deep; May i6th and lyth, it was disked twice 
 and harrowed once. On the latter date it was planted in rows 22 rods 
 long and 3 feet 8 inches apart with an ordinary corn-planter, one to 
 three kernels being planted every 9 inches, or at the rate of about 14 
 pounds of seed per acre, as follows: 
 
 Plat i, 36 rows, with Burrill & Whitman ensilage corn from B. & W. r 
 Little Falls, N. Y. 
 
 Plat 2, 3 rows, with Breck's Boston Market, from U. S. Depart- 
 ment of Agriculture. 
 
 Plat 3, 26 rows, with Burr's white, from the University farm. 
 
 Tract (), plats 4-11, was a piece of rather fertile land of irregular 
 shape and quality, which had been under cultivation several years. The 
 land was fall-plowed. Otherwise the preparation of the seed-bed was 
 similar to that of tract (<z). 
 
 May 24th, plats 4 to 8 were planted by hand in rows 3 feet 8 inches 
 apart to Burrill & Whitman ensilage corn; and June i5th and i6th plats 
 9 to ii were planted to Burr's white, as follows: * 
 
 TABLE SHOWING NUMBER AND SIZE OF PLATS; DATE OF PLANTING; KERNELS PER 
 HILL; AND INCHES BETWEEN HILLS. 
 
 Plat. 
 
 Rows. 
 
 Length 
 rows, 
 rods. 
 
 Name of variety. 
 
 Date of 
 planting. 
 
 TT , Inches 
 ?"& apart of 
 to a hllL hills. 
 
 4 
 6 
 8 
 
 Q 
 
 4 
 3 
 3 
 3 
 
 2 
 4 
 
 30-25 
 29-25 
 27-5 
 25-5 
 25.0 
 70.21; 
 
 Burrill & Whitman 
 <t 
 i< 
 
 
 Burr's white 
 
 May 24th. . . . 
 
 
 u' 
 <> 
 
 June I5~i6th. 
 
 i 3 
 i 6 
 
 I 12 
 2 12 
 2 24 
 I 6 
 
 IO 
 
 3 
 
 7.O.2<; 
 
 it 
 
 ii 
 
 I 12 
 
 II 
 
 7 
 
 30.21; 
 
 (i 
 
 
 
 2 12 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 TABLE SHOWING NUMBER OF PLAT; NAME OF VARIETY; DATE OF PLANTING; Xi M- 
 BER OF STALKS, AND TONS OF FODDER PER ACRE. 
 
 Plat. 
 
 Name of variety. 
 
 Date of 
 
 planting. 
 
 No. Stalks 
 per acre. 
 
 Tons green 
 
 fodder per 
 
 acre. 
 
 I 
 
 Burrill & Whitman 
 
 May lyth. 
 
 0,648 
 
 n.6 
 
 2 
 
 Breck's Boston market 
 
 < 
 
 
 80 
 
 7 
 
 Burr's white 
 
 < 
 
 I4.,O76 
 
 n ^ 
 
 4 
 
 Burrill & Whitman 
 
 Ma 23d. . . . 
 
 27,310 
 
 17.6 
 
 S. 
 
 < i 
 
 c 
 
 IO.QCQ 
 
 14. Q 
 
 6 
 
 
 
 ' 
 
 0,724 
 
 12.7 
 
 
 
 
 . 
 
 H,77C 
 
 H.c 
 
 
 
 
 ( 
 
 8,qoo 
 
 1 1.2 
 
 
 Burr's white 
 
 June I5~i6th 
 
 l8,425 
 
 II. O 
 
 IO 
 
 
 (< 
 
 Q,O4s 
 
 7.0 
 
 II 
 
 (i 
 
 ii 
 
 14, ^73 
 
 8.9 
 
 
 
 
 
 
i88 9 .j 
 
 FIELD EXPERIMENTS WITH CORN 1888. 
 
 8 9 
 
 Tract (#) and plats 4 to 8 of tract (^) were cultivated three times 
 with shallow cultivator between June 5th and June 26th, and plats 9 to n 
 of tract (^) twice, June 26th and July 6th. Tract (^) was hoed July 3d. 
 September nth to xyth, the corn was cut and carried to the silo about as 
 rapidly as cut, with results as shown in the preceding table. 
 
 In plat 4, where one kernel was planted every three inches, about 
 six tenths of the kernels produced stalks; in plat 5, where one kernel was 
 planted every six inches, about seven-tenths of the kernels produced stalks. 
 In the former the yield was 17.6 tons; in the latter 14.9 tons per acre. 
 
 In plats 5 and 9, where one kernel was planted every six inches, 
 about three-fourths of the kernels on an average produced stalks; in 
 plats 7 and n, where two kernels .were planted every twelve inches, 
 about three-fifths of the kernels produced stalks. In the former the 
 yield was 13 tons; in the latter, 11.7 tons. There was but slight differ 
 ence between the yields of plats 5 and 7, and about two tons between 
 plats 9 and 1 1. 
 
 In general, therefore, it was found in this experiment, just as in Ex- 
 periment No. 5, that where one kernel was planted every three inches 
 more corn-fodder was raised than where a less quantity of seed was used; 
 and that where the kernels were planted single a little more corn-fodder 
 was raised than where, with the same quantity of seed per acre, two or 
 more kernels were put in a place. 
 
 TAI.LE SHOWING NUMBER, WEIGHT, AND CONDITION OF THE GREEN PARTS OF CORN- 
 FODDER AS PUT INTO SlLO, AND AS TAKEN FOR ANALYSIS. 
 
 
 B 
 
 
 W 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 e 
 
 
 
 3. 
 
 bd 
 
 3 
 
 w 
 
 
 
 EE 
 
 ^ 
 
 
 Description. 
 
 85 
 
 p* en" 
 
 ^3 
 
 JT tn" 
 
 
 " 3- 
 
 '-'' -' 
 
 f" 3" 
 
 3" 
 
 
 3 
 
 n 
 
 3 
 
 ft 
 
 
 p 
 
 
 p 
 
 
 
 3 
 
 
 3 
 
 
 Condition of ears. 
 
 In milk, some 
 
 Glazed: indent- 
 
 In milk 
 
 Not fully reach- 
 
 
 glazed. . . . 
 
 ing difficult 
 
 
 ed milk stage 
 
 Condition of husks 
 
 Green 
 
 Dry . 
 
 Green 
 
 Green 
 
 "Condition of leaves 
 
 4 to 5 at bottom 
 
 5 and 6 at bottom 
 
 Green . . . 
 
 Green. 
 
 
 dry . . 
 
 dry, and others 
 
 
 
 
 
 partly dry 
 
 
 
 Height of stalks. . 
 
 iii to 12 feet. . . . 
 
 9 to 10 feet. 
 
 
 8 feet 
 
 Number of nodes 
 
 
 12 
 
 
 12 
 
 Number ot stalks . 
 
 H 
 
 20 
 
 20 
 
 38 
 
 "Number of ears. . . 
 
 12 
 
 17 
 
 19 
 
 27 
 
 Pounds of ears. . . 
 
 7 
 
 '3-75 
 
 7-75 
 
 7-5 
 
 Pound s of b a re 
 
 
 
 
 
 stalks 
 
 20 
 
 16 5 
 
 16 5 
 
 16 <; 
 
 'Pounds of leaves 
 
 
 
 
 
 and husks 
 
 13 
 
 975 
 
 15-75 
 
 16 
 
 Condition when harvested. As the corn was carried to the silo, forty- 
 pound samples of plats i, 3, 4, and 9 were divided into stalks, ears, leaves, 
 and husks, each portion weighed, and sample of each taken for analysis. 
 
90 BULLETIN NO. 4. {February, 
 
 As between the Burrill & Whitman ensilage corn and Burr's white, a 
 medium maturing dent corn used in general field culture, planted the 
 same day, on similar soil, the former was considerably greener. The 
 ears of the former were in the milk, a few being glazed, the husks were 
 green and the leaves green except a few at the bottom; while the latter 
 had its ears glazed, most of which could be indented by the thumb nail 
 with difficulty, the husks were dry, and many of its leaves were partly 
 dry. In the former, the ears contained 61.5, the stalk 77, and the leaves 
 and husks 65 per cent, of water, with an average for the whole of 70.5 
 per cent. In the latter, the ears contained 43; the stalks, 74; and the 
 leaves and husks, 58 per cent, of water, with an average of 59.5 per cent. 
 In every ton of Burrill & Whitman ensilage corn there were 1,410 pounds- 
 and in the Burr's white 1,190 pounds of water. 
 
 The Burrill & Whitman ensilage corn on plat 4 was planted a week 
 later and much thicker, being nearly twice as thick when harvested as 
 Burr's white, plat 3, and three times as thick as Burrill & Whitman, 
 plat i. The ears were in the milk and the husks and leaves were green. 
 The per cent, of water in the stalks was seemingly the same as that of 
 plat i, while the moisture in the ears and leaves was about five per cent, 
 higher. In a ton of the green corn-fodder, as carried to the silo, there 
 were 1,450 pounds of water. 
 
 The Burr's white on plat 9 was planted fully four weeks later than 
 that on plat 3. The ears had not fully reached the milk stage. The 
 water in the stalks was i per cent, higher; in the ears 30 per cent, higher, 
 and in the leaves 14 per cent, higher than in the same variety planted four 
 weeks earlier. The percentage of moisture in the total product was not 
 much higher than that of Burrill & Whitman ensilage corn on plat 4. 
 
 The Burrill & Whitman ensilage corn was about two feet higher than 
 that of Burr's white of the same period of growth, the height being n to 
 12 feet in the former and 9 to 10 in the latter. There were, on an aver- 
 age, 15 nodes in the Burrill & Whitman ensilage corn and 12 in the Burr's 
 white. As there is a leaf for each node, the relative number of leaves to 
 height was about the same one leaf for every 10 inches. 
 
 The stalks were also considerably heavier in the Burrill & Whitman 
 than in the Burr's white of the same growth; but this may be to a small 
 extent due to the thinner stand owing to poorer seed. 
 
 In the fresh substance the bare stalks were 50 per cent, of the total 
 weight of the Burrill & Whitman from plat i, and in the other three sam- 
 ples 41 per cent, of the total weight. 
 
 In the Burr's white, whose ears were fully formed, the ears were 34 
 per cent, of the whole weight; but in the other samples it was from 17.5 
 to 19.5 per cent. 
 
 In Burr's white, plat 3, and in Burrill & Whitman ensilage corn, plat 
 4, are to be found examples of two different sets of conditions. The first 
 is a common, medium maturing dent variety, grown but little, if any, 
 thicker than if it were to be husked. It was harvested when the husks 
 
1889.] 
 
 FIELD EXPERIMENTS WITH CORN 1888. 
 
 were dry, the ears fully formed, and the kernels could be indented by the 
 thumb nail with difficulty. The second is a large, late or non-maturing 
 southern variety, tasseling two weeks later than Burr's white, grown twice 
 as thick, and harvested when the kernels were in the milk, and the leaves 
 and husks were green. 
 
 TABLE SHOWING PROXIMATE COMPOSITION OF VARIETIES OF CORN USED FOR ENSILAGE.* 
 
 Water- free substance. 
 
 Per cent, total N. 
 non-protein. 
 
 00 ro Cs 
 10 t^> ON 
 
 \O tr> o\ TJ- 
 
 t^ N t^ M 
 
 00 Tf t~^ O 
 
 11 " w OO 
 
 St^ o 
 ro ro O 
 
 *Analyzed by Dr. A. S. Manns and H. S. Grindley, assistant chemists. 
 
 N o\**- 
 
 O 00 Tf >-l 
 
 t^ IO 1-1 
 N I- 1-1 
 
 O 00 00 N 
 
 N 
 
 True portein. 
 
 <-> f> N vO 
 rovO i- t~ 
 
 t~~ t^. t^UI 
 
 T}- ON CO *> 
 
 ro " ovO 
 10 ro N N 
 
 t-^ I-I ** U~ 
 
 00 rf N r^ 
 
 00 N VO Tf 
 
 r>t ^c*} 
 
 OO M 10 <* 
 
 r^ N r^ \f~ 
 
 Nitrogen- free 
 extract. 
 
 O VO 
 
 . VO i-i 
 
 vO ro O N 
 
 OO O OO <^> 
 
 ro ro^O 1-1 
 N 10 ro 
 
 1 N H< 
 
 N Tt : 
 
 1000 
 
 ; \o u^ | 
 
 . t" . 
 
 . VD U"> . 
 
 00 OO N CO 
 
 t~ xn vo^o 
 
 ro rOX) ro 
 t-^vO i^^O 
 
 Crude fibre. 
 
 Q\N 
 
 o o 
 
 N N O 
 
 O MD vO VO 
 
 Q OMO N 
 
 oo 11 oo /> 
 
 = 85 : 
 
 o * .' 
 
 r<5 N . 
 
 d\'* O\-<J- 
 ro N N 
 
 i o 4 TJ- 
 
 i-i ro N N 
 
 r^. ro 
 ; N N 
 
 Crude protein. 
 
 roc-OX) ~ 
 vovO r^. O 
 
 OO N vd io 
 
 ro- ON 
 -i -^- 10 N 
 
 VO N * * 
 
 OMO i- ro 
 
 t^ ooo 
 CM- >o ^~ 
 
 * ro I^X> 
 
 oo vo oo o 
 
 O N t-^-vC 
 
 Crude fat. 
 
 CO N 
 
 VO 00 ' 
 
 vO t--. ^- r-~ 
 
 N O lO t~- 
 
 O -i roOO | OO vo 
 O N N O\ 1 ; N u-> ; 
 
 . N ro 
 
 Tj- m M N 
 
 Tj- M rr> M 
 
 N f) 
 
 Crude ash. 
 
 r~- ION vO 
 
 O O N 10 
 
 Tt l^ a~, O\ 
 t^ N rf TJ- 
 
 O\N lO-O OM^-lOX 
 t-^vO * ro t^^O " * 
 
 N moo * 
 
 i-irod'j-! i-Nt^'j- 
 
 N N t^. Tj- 
 
 Fresh substance. 
 
 Nitrogen-free 
 extract. 
 
 vO Tf 
 
 M a\ 
 
 O N Tf Tj- 
 
 "i oo N o 
 
 Tf 0>VO 
 
 * to O r*1 
 
 t^ rj- 
 
 ot^. 
 
 . Tj- O . 
 
 . H >H . 
 
 10 't N r>. 
 
 * N N 
 
 rj- TJ- t^ t^ 
 
 M 11 11 w 
 
 io.vO 
 
 Crude fibre. 
 
 N 00 
 
 ' ONfO 
 
 10 rf t~-^o 
 00 * * 
 
 Tj- rj-vO Tf 
 ONOO N Th 
 
 10 O 
 
 vO 10 
 
 vOOO . 
 
 "">X> N X) 1 rovO r^^O 
 
 "* 1 
 
 vO vO 
 
 Crude protein. 
 
 OO O vO Tf 
 
 N vO -fivO 
 
 H M ro ro 
 uivo O CT* 
 
 t^ O O r^ 
 ^-00 * 
 
 t~- 'S-vO r^ 
 vO vO M vO 
 
 POO N 1-1 
 
 roO 
 
 fO O 
 
 N O N - 
 
 Ether extract. 
 
 Q rO * ro t-~ r- 
 . vO n . * * O N 
 
 t^ O "ii/-> 
 r^io OX) 
 
 - cs 
 ; LO o 
 6 
 
 . . 
 
 N O - 
 
 - 
 
 Ash. 
 
 O O vO N 
 00 f^OO * 
 
 5r*"5"\5 
 
 O^OO * 1^ 
 
 o ooo N 
 
 VO 10 C< 
 
 vO 10 O ro 
 r-vo O N 
 
 O O N H. 
 
 oo^-ii bON- 
 
 O O N - 
 
 Water. 
 
 O\H M ro 
 
 ^0 - ^f 
 
 "^ ON Tj- 
 
 00 ^OO 10 
 
 00 vO r<ivO 1 N rt-O 
 vO fi t~vO 1 ON LO rl rl 
 
 t^-io O 
 
 <O t^vO t^ 
 
 pi 4- 1^. o\ 
 
 vd i^. o N 
 
 M IO " fl 
 
 
 
 
 
 e 
 
 _o 
 
 tx 
 
 'C 
 o 
 <fi 
 
 Q 
 
 Ears 
 Stalks 
 Leaves and husks. . 
 Average compos' n. . 
 
 ^ a 
 
 2 "a 
 
 l| 
 
 c c 
 c u 
 rt u 
 f> M 
 u n 
 
 ^^ S 
 es 2 9J > 
 
 wx^<: 
 
 ' < .r 1 
 
 in o 
 
 :-l 
 
 T3 
 ' C 
 
 : 
 
 .J2^2 
 
 u -= eS o 
 
 eo 2 1) > 
 
 Wx J<3 
 
 . . C 
 . . v ^ 
 
 : :|B- 
 s 
 
 T3 C 
 c. o 
 
 : : rt o 
 
 Wl 01 
 
 > 2 
 
 12*3 rt < 
 
 a 5 " > 
 K X< 
 
 >, 
 
 .2i 
 
 3 
 
 "o 
 u 
 
 6 
 m 
 
 fc 
 
 Burrill & Whitman. . 
 
 V 
 
 ft 
 
 M 
 h 
 
 3 
 
 
 Burrill & Whitman. . 
 
 o 
 
 X 
 '# 
 
 *:-. 
 
 1 
 
 Plat. 
 
 f> rj- cr> 
 
BULLETIN NO. 4. 
 
 [February, 
 
 Composition. As shown in the table, page 91, 40.46 per cent, of the 
 fresh corn-fodder in Burr's white, as carried to the silo, was dry substance, 
 and 27.34 per cent." in the Burrill & Whitman ensilage corn was dry sub- 
 stance. Although differing widely in condition and relative proportion of 
 parts the average proximate composition of the dry substance is rather 
 uniform in the two varieties. The percentage of crude fibre and of nitro- 
 gen-free extract (starch, sugar, etc.) is essentially the same in. both. The 
 percentages of these substances in the different parts vary considerably, 
 however. The percentage of crude fibre is considerably lower in the ears 
 and higher in the stalks and leaves of Burr's white, than in those of the 
 ensilage corn; while the nitrogen-free extract is higher in the ears and 
 lower in the stalks and leaves. 
 
 TABLE SHOWING YIELD PER ACRE IN POUNDS OF SUBSTANCES AS SPECIFIED IN 
 VARIETIES OF CORN USED FOR ENSILAGE. 
 
 2 
 
 p 
 3 
 n 
 
 
 
 
 
 -^ 
 
 n 
 
 V? 
 
 Description of 
 parts. 
 
 Fresh substance. 
 
 Water-free sub- 
 stance. 
 
 n 
 
 t-l 
 
 E. 
 n 
 
 
 E 
 
 p 
 
 p 
 
 (X 
 
 n 
 
 P- 
 
 Crude protein. 
 
 n 
 
 H 
 
 cx 
 rt 
 
 m 
 
 u- 
 
 3 
 
 g 
 
 f ~. 
 
 X O 
 
 ^"n 
 p n> 
 
 3 
 r ^ 
 
 n> 
 
 3 s 
 
 n 
 a 
 3^ 
 n 
 
 a' 
 
 
 Ears 
 
 4,764 
 
 i,8-?4 
 
 38 
 
 
 156 
 
 
 
 152 
 
 Burrill & 
 
 Stalks 
 
 17, 6n 
 
 7, I7Q 
 
 QC 
 
 &2 
 
 82 
 
 QA2 
 
 I 928 
 
 82 
 
 Whitman. 
 
 Leaves and husks. 
 Total 
 
 8,848 
 27,225 
 
 3,087 
 8,01; i 
 
 253 
 386 
 
 118 
 
 208 
 /\^f> 
 
 741 
 
 1,764 
 
 188 
 
 422 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Ears 
 
 7,024 
 
 4, C72 
 
 78 
 
 IQI 
 
 278 
 
 408 
 
 -1,1:74. 
 
 248 
 
 
 Stalks 
 
 Q,SO8 
 
 2,4.2Q 
 
 80 
 
 4.1 
 
 Co 
 
 84.1 
 
 I 4OQ 
 
 448 
 
 Burr's white. 
 
 Leaves and husks. 
 Total 
 
 5,618 
 2"?,oc;o 
 
 2,366 
 0,727 
 
 247 
 40 c 
 
 60 
 2Q1 
 
 107 
 
 444 
 
 701 
 
 I.QCO 
 
 1,249 
 6,232 
 
 I O2 
 ^08 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Ears 
 
 6,8^7 
 
 2,28? 
 
 41 
 
 Q4 
 
 2IO 
 
 260 
 
 1,671 
 
 IQC 
 
 Burrill & 
 
 Stalks 
 
 H.ccc 
 
 7.2QC 
 
 86 
 
 JT. 
 
 58 
 
 006 
 
 2 083 
 
 41 
 
 Whitman. 
 
 Leaves and husks. 
 Total 
 
 13-893 
 
 TC, 28; 
 
 4,067 
 0,647 
 
 33 
 4^?o 
 
 132 
 
 2QQ 
 
 250 
 
 5l8 
 
 1,009 
 
 2,274 
 
 2,374 
 6,128 
 
 222 
 4.60 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Ears 
 
 4,145 
 
 1,12^ 
 
 T.2 
 
 
 III 
 
 
 
 8q 
 
 
 Stalks . 
 
 9 118 
 
 2,2"?2 
 
 59 
 
 16 
 
 eg 
 
 606 
 
 I 4^6 
 
 2 
 
 Burr's wh.te. 
 
 Leaves and husks. 
 Total . . 
 
 8,842 
 22,10; 
 
 2,534 
 
 <,88o 
 
 181 
 
 272 
 
 86 
 
 200 
 160 
 
 583 
 
 1,480 
 
 183 
 T.2Z 
 
 The percentage of crude ash is a little higher in Burr's white and the 
 crude fat is a little higher in the ensilage corn. The ash is mostly found 
 in the leaves, while the ears contain the larger percentage of fat. 
 
 The percentage of crude protein is appreciably higher in the Burrill 
 & Whitman ensilage corn, although in both cases the percentage is but 
 half that of the average of American and European analyses.* The per- 
 centage was largest in the ears and least in the stalks. It was larger in 
 the less mature ears and leaves and in the more mature stalks. 
 
 *Repoit Fonn. State Coll., 1887, Part II., p. 124. 
 
1889.] FIELD EXPERIMENTS WITH CORN 1888. 93 
 
 Yield per Acre of Dry Substance. As shown in the above table, the 
 Burr's white yielded 23,050 pounds and the Burrill & Whitman ensilage 
 corn 35,285 pounds of fresh substance, and 9,327 and 9,647 pounds, 
 respectively, of dry substance, equal in weight to the dry substance of 
 about five and one-third tons of well cured timothy hay. While there was 
 13,235 pounds more of fresh substance in the latter, there was but 320 
 pounds more of dry substance. Over six and one-half tons more water 
 was obtained, and one-sixth of a ton more of dry substance. 
 
 There was 4,532 pounds of dry substance in the ears of the Burr's 
 white, which was about twice as much as in the ears of the ensilage corn. 
 There were about one-third rhore bare stalks and seven-tenths more 
 leaves and husks on the latter. While three-fourths the latter was stover 
 (stalks and leaves), one-half the former was ears. 
 
 The Burr's white yielded 324 pounds per acre less of crude fibre 
 and 104 pounds more of nitrogen-free extract (starch, sugar, etc.) 
 than the ensilage corn; while the ensilage corn yielded 4 pounds of 
 crude fat, 25 pounds of crude ash, and 74 pounds per acre more of 
 crude protein. 
 
 The comparative digestibility of these two varieties, differing as they 
 do so widely in the relative proportion of their several parts, can not be 
 determined by the digestion experiments of Mosher* in Germany, Sturte- 
 vantt in New York, or Woll| in Wisconsin; but the conclusion can hardly 
 be escaped, although without experimental evidence, that of two varieties 
 yielding practically the same amount of dry substance, the one having 
 half of its substance ear corn is more valuable than the one having but 
 one-fourth of its substance ear corn. 
 
 The question of the keeping qualities of the two varieties, when put 
 into the silo, is reserved until a future bulletin. 
 
 Experiment No. j. Corn, Time of Planting. 
 
 Seven plats measuring 2x8 rods each were planted with corn, one a 
 week for seven weeks, beginning April 27 and ending June 8, 1888. The 
 land had been in wheat two seasons. Last fall it was manured with stable 
 manure and plowed. Each plat was pulverized twice on the day planted 
 by the use of a disk harrow, and twice by the use of a common tooth-har- 
 row before planting. The hills were 3 feet 8 inches apart. Four kernels 
 of Burr's white dent corn were planted in each hill. The corn was culti- 
 vated with a hoe and a shallow cultivater, usually the Tower cultivator. 
 The attempt was made to have the cultivation equal in quantity on each 
 plat and at equal intervals from dates of planting. Owing to varying 
 condition of weather and to the longer period of growth of the earlier 
 planted plats, this was not always done. The first cultivation of each 
 plat was with the hoe: in the first three plats, it was three weeks after 
 
 * Landw. V'ersuch Stationen, 8, 93. 
 
 t Rep't N. V. Agr. Kxp't Station, 1884, 45. 
 
 t Rep't Wis. Agr. Exp't Station, 1888, 59. 
 
94 
 
 BULLETIN NO. 4. 
 
 [February, 
 
 planting; in the last four, two weeks after planting. Plats i, 2, 7., 
 and 9 were cultivated three times; plats 4, 6, and 8 were cultivated 
 twice. The apparent result of the cultivation was, however, similar on 
 all the plats. 
 
 TABLE SHOWING DATE OF PLANTING; IMPLEMENT USED, AND DATE OF CULTIVATION. 
 
 
 G 
 
 Dates of Cultivation. 
 
 
 P 
 
 
 2 
 P 
 
 "2.5 
 
 SB < 
 
 
 With cultivator. 
 
 
 &* 
 
 With hoe. 
 
 
 Second 
 
 Third 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 orq 
 
 
 
 time. 
 
 time. 
 
 i 
 
 April 27 
 
 May 19 
 
 June I 
 
 June 15 
 
 June 26 
 
 2. 
 
 May 4 
 
 May 26 
 
 June I 
 
 June 15 
 
 June 26 
 
 4 
 
 May ii 
 
 June I 
 
 June I 5 
 
 June 26 
 
 None 
 
 6 
 
 May 19 
 
 June I 
 
 June 15 
 
 June 26 
 
 None 
 
 7 
 
 May 26 
 
 June 8 
 
 June 15 
 
 June 26 
 
 July 13 
 
 8 
 
 June I 
 
 June 15 i June 26 
 
 July 13 
 
 None 
 
 9 
 
 June 8 
 
 June 22 1 June 26 
 
 July 13 
 
 July 27 
 
 With the exception of plat 9, the corn came up evenly and well. -As 
 shown in the table below, there was an almost complete stand at the end 
 of two weeks from planting in plats 2-8 inclusive, little difference being: 
 observable in the rapidity of germination of these plants. The germina- 
 tion of the corn on plat i was evidently delayed on account of the low- 
 ness of the temperature; that on plat 9 on account of the dryness of the 
 soil. Within certain limits, of the two factors, temperature and moisure,. 
 the germination of corn seems to be most readily affected by the latter. 
 
 TABLE SHOWING NUMBER OF HILLS AND NUMBER OF PLANTS IN THE MIDDLE Rovv 
 OF EACH PLAT AT DATES GIVEN. 
 
 2 
 
 p 
 
 0_ 
 
 *c_ 
 p 
 
 I 
 
 2 
 
 4 
 6 
 
 8 
 9 
 
 O 
 
 * 
 
 n 
 
 
 <T3 
 
 p 
 
 3 
 CTQ 
 
 April 27. 
 Mav A 
 
 May n. 
 
 May 19. 
 
 May 26. 
 
 June i. 
 
 June 8. 
 
 June 15. 
 
 June 22. 
 
 % 
 
 p 
 
 o 
 * 
 
 & 
 
 'Z, 
 o 
 
 o 
 -i 
 
 "2, 
 P" 
 
 2 
 p 
 
 o 
 i 
 
 B 
 
 2; 
 
 p 
 
 
 
 "SL 
 
 P" 
 
 3 
 
 % 
 
 
 
 2! 
 
 p 
 
 o 
 
 "Si 
 
 fT 
 
 55 
 
 p 
 
 o 
 jjr 
 
 2 
 
 p 
 
 c 
 
 -o_ 
 p 
 
 * 
 
 o 
 
 o 
 
 BT 
 
 Z, 
 
 
 
 o 
 
 TSL 
 
 P 
 
 3 
 
 * 
 p 
 
 o_ 
 cr 
 
 5 
 
 o 
 
 
 
 Tl 
 p" 
 
 2 
 
 o 
 
 rr 
 
 Z 
 
 o 
 
 o 
 
 
 
 TEL 
 tT 
 
 3 
 
 Ul 
 
 28 
 
 55 
 
 -6 
 
 36 
 
 f 
 
 f 
 
 36 
 36 
 29 
 ii 
 
 en 
 
 tn 
 
 ~36~ 
 36 
 36 
 35 
 4 
 
 f 
 
 en . 
 
 t 
 
 ? 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 139 
 103 
 
 139 
 132 
 
 79 
 21 
 
 131 
 129 
 
 127 
 
 122 
 
 5 
 
 36 
 36 
 36 
 
 35 
 36 
 29 
 
 131 
 127 
 124 
 121 
 
 124 
 
 57 
 
 
 
 
 
 May 11. 
 May 19. 
 May 26. 
 June I 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 36 
 36 
 8 
 
 132 
 130 
 
 IO 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 June 8.. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 J 9 
 
 41 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Beginning with the first appearance of the tassel, weekly observations., 
 with the exception of August 7th, were made upon the occurrence and 
 quantity of tassel. The dates given in table below are those on which 
 the conditions were noted. The given stage was reached during the week 
 preceding. The dates are, therefore, accurate only so far: 
 
i88 9 .] 
 
 FIELD EXPERIMENTS WITH CORN 1 888. 
 
 TABLE IN REGARD TO TASSELING. 
 
 95 
 
 2 
 P 
 
 O 
 P 
 
 2.S 
 
 go 
 
 5 
 
 oq 
 
 First tassel noted. 
 
 Fully in tassel. 
 
 Date. 
 
 -o 1 
 p"p P 
 
 3 ^ <: 
 - rt> % 
 n *-i 
 
 TO E" 
 
 Date. 
 
 T3 * 
 
 P" & 9 
 ljf 
 
 3 !C 
 
 crp oi 
 
 i 
 
 2. 
 
 4 
 6 
 
 8 
 ' 9 
 
 April 27 
 May 4 
 May 1 1 
 May 19 
 May 26 
 June i 
 June 8 
 
 July II 
 July II 
 July 18 
 fuly 18 
 
 July 25 
 
 July 25 
 August i 
 
 10 
 
 9 
 
 8 
 7 
 7 
 
 July 25 
 July 25 
 August i 
 August I 
 August I 
 August 15 
 August 22 
 
 12 
 II 
 II 
 
 )O 
 
 9 
 
 10 
 IO 
 
 The first tassel appeared in from seven to ten weeks and the com 
 was fully in tassel in from nine to twelve weeks, approximately. In gen- 
 eral, the earlier planting made the slower growth. While there was six 
 weeks variation in the planting, there was but three weeks variation of 
 maturity. September i4th, the stage of maturity of the plats was noted. 
 Plats 1-6, inclusive, were fully out of the way of frost. Husks were 
 about three-fourths dry and leaves about one-half dry. Plat 7 was a little 
 greener but would not have been much injured by frost. Plat 8 had 
 about one-third of its husks dry and most of its leaves were green. Plat 
 9 was very green. Both would have been severely injured by frost. 
 October 2d, plats i to 7, inclusive, were ripe. Plat 8 was a trifle green, 
 apparently, but was not injured by the destructive frost of the succeeding 
 night. Plat 9 was very green, the corn being largely in the milk. The 
 frost of the morning of October 3d prevented its maturing. 
 
 November 2ist, the corn was husked and weighed. A fifty-pound 
 sample of corn was taken from each plat, and December 8th the samples 
 were shelled to ascertain percentage of shelled corn, and number and 
 ratio of good ears to nubbins. 
 
 TABLE SHOWING EARS AND NUBBINS PER ACRE; EAR CORN PER PLAT; PERCENT- 
 AGE OF SHELLED CORN; CALCULATED YIELD OF SHELLED CORN PER PLAT IN 
 POUNDS; BUSHELS PER ACRE, AS HUSKED, AND WHEN AIR-DRY; i. E., CONTAIN- 
 ING BUT II PER CENT. OF WATER. 
 
 
 
 Number ears per acre. 
 
 Yield of corn. 
 
 2 
 
 Date of 
 
 O 
 o 
 
 ^ 
 
 H 
 
 
 
 M 
 
 2.1! 
 
 CD re 
 
 c/: 
 
 Q ft rt 
 
 1 
 
 2- rt 
 
 W 
 
 r 
 
 planting. 
 
 o 
 (L 
 
 Er 
 
 
 
 
 -T 
 
 ST 3 
 2, ft 
 
 
 
 " p O 
 
 P_ n 
 
 
 
 n 
 P 
 
 g- 
 
 n 
 
 p 
 
 
 o P 
 
 S J 1'^' 
 
 - sr 
 
 n 5 m S 
 
 7 a? 
 
 
 
 ? 
 
 c 
 
 . 
 
 
 ' T3 
 n 
 
 gm 
 
 3 n> 
 
 ^ 2 
 
 B 
 
 a"S 
 
 V" >-t 
 
 3 5'l 
 
 9*2 
 
 i 
 
 April 27. . . 
 
 7,656 
 
 1.392 
 
 9,048 
 
 580 
 
 825 
 
 479 
 
 85.4 
 
 16.89 
 
 80 
 
 2 
 
 May 4. ... 
 
 7.500 
 
 2.750 
 
 10,250 
 
 625 
 
 83- 
 
 519 
 
 92.6 
 
 16.59 
 
 86.7 
 
 4 
 
 May 1 1 ... 
 
 8.190 
 
 2,142 
 
 10,332 
 
 630 
 
 82.5 
 
 520 
 
 92.8 
 
 17.48 
 
 86.1 
 
 6 
 
 May 19. .. 
 
 7,434 2,268 9.702 
 
 630 
 
 82. 
 
 5>7 
 
 92-3 
 
 15-85 
 
 873 
 
 7 
 
 May 2.6... 
 
 6,720 3 360 
 
 IO,o8o 
 
 6OO 
 
 82.5 
 
 495 
 
 88.4 
 
 16.88 
 
 82.5 
 
 8 
 
 June I .... 7,068 
 
 2356 
 
 9.424 
 
 620 
 
 78-5 
 
 487 
 
 86 9 
 
 17.28 
 
 80.8 
 
 9 
 
 June 8. ... 1 6.IIO 
 
 2,122 
 
 8,232 
 
 470 
 
 71- 
 
 334 
 
 59-6 
 
 2485 
 
 50-3 
 
.96 BULLETIN NO. 4. [February, 
 
 From the preceding table it will be seen that the total number of 
 ears per acre varied from 8,232 to 10,332. The least number was on plat 
 9 and the largest number on plat 4. Excepting plat 9, the variation was 
 very small, the average number of ears being 9,806. An arbitrary division 
 into good ears and nubbins was made. The ratio of good ears to nub- 
 bins was about three to one by number, and about five to one by weight. 
 The ratio is largest in the first week's planting, and smallest in the 
 fifth week's planting. The actual yield of shelled corn varied from 59.6 
 "bushels to 92.8 bushels: the former from the last week's planting, June 
 -8th, and the latter from the third week's planting, May nth. The last 
 week's planting, which did not mature, excepted, the variations in yield 
 are surprisingly small, and can almost be said to be no greater than the 
 possibility of error in this kind of experimental inquiry. The greatest 
 -variation is about 7^ bushels, the smallest yield of those plats on which 
 the corn matured being 85.4 bushels; the average yield 89.4 bushels. 
 The percentage of water in a sample of the shelled corn from each plat 
 was determined by the Station chemists. The variation in the percent- 
 age of water in the mature corn was slight possibly within the error of 
 sampling and does not materially change the relative yield of the plats. 
 The average percentage of water in the corn of these first six weeks' 
 planting was 16.83; ' n tne seventh week's planting the percentage was 
 24.85. Assuming n per cent, of water in thoroughly air-dry corn, the 
 average yield per acre of air-dry corn for the six plats maturing was 
 a little less than 84 bushels. The least yield, 80 bushels, was the first 
 week's planting, April 27th, and the largest yield, a little more than 87 
 bushels, was the fourth week's planting, May igth; while the second and 
 third weeks' planting, May 4th and nth, were essentially as large. 
 
 This season, therefore, with the variety of corn named, a medium- 
 maturing variety, and good soil and culture, the best results were obtained 
 from planting between May 4th and igth, while satisfactory results were 
 obtained during the period of five weeks, from April 27th to June ist. 
 
 Experiment No. 4. Corn, Depth of Planting. 
 
 May 4, 1888, six rows, each 8 rods in length, were planted with corn 
 at depths varying from i to 6 inches. The land was similar in every 
 respect to that used in Experiment No. 3, and its prior culture had been 
 the same. There were 36 hills in a row, and the rows were 3 feet 8 inches 
 apart. Four kernels of Burr's white dent corn were planted in each 
 "hill. The depth was obtained by means of a scale on a dibble. The 
 cultivation of all the rows was the same. They were hoed once, May 
 .26th. and cultivated with a shallow cultivator three times, June ist, i6th, 
 and 26th. 
 
 The shallower the corn was planted the quicker it came up and the 
 more nearly did every kernel grow, with the possible exception of row 3, 
 which, May 26th and June ist, had a larger number of plants than row 2. 
 
i88 9 .] 
 
 FIELD EXPERIMENTS WITH CORN 1888. 
 
 97 
 
 June 8th it had a less number, which was due to their removal by cut- 
 worms, probably. An idea of the relative rapidity and extent of germi- 
 nation will be obtained from the following table: 
 
 TABLE SHOWING DEPTH OF PLANTING; NUMBER OF HILLS AND PLANTS IN EACH 
 
 Row AT DATES GIVEN. 
 
 hrt 
 
 O 
 _* n 
 
 Ma) 
 
 19. 
 
 May 
 
 26. 
 
 Jun 
 
 e i. 
 
 Jun 
 
 28. 
 
 
 
 3"S 
 
 g-r 
 
 re 
 en 
 
 Hills. 
 
 Plants. 
 
 Hills. 
 
 Plants. 
 
 Hills. 
 
 Plants. 
 
 Hills. 
 
 Plants. 
 
 I 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 4 
 
 6 
 
 I 
 2 
 3 
 
 4 
 6 
 
 36 
 36 
 36 
 24 
 6 
 o 
 
 134 
 
 112 
 
 99 
 
 44 
 7 
 o 
 
 36 
 
 3 I 
 36 
 
 36 
 34 
 
 27 
 
 136 
 "5 
 
 121 
 III 
 
 9 
 
 53 
 
 36 
 
 3 I 
 36 
 
 36 
 34 
 
 34 
 
 128 
 117 
 
 122 
 
 116 
 
 93 
 
 5 
 
 3 * 
 36 
 
 36 
 36 
 34 
 34 
 
 129 
 117 
 "5 
 "5 
 92 
 
 3 
 
 July 25th, corn which was planted from one to four inches deep was 
 fully in tassel, and one week later that which was planted five and six 
 inches deep, was fully in tassel. September i4th, there was a somewhat 
 similar variation in the stage of ripeness. Those rows which were planted 
 from one to four inches deep were about equally ripe. The husks were 
 about three-fourths, and the leaves about one-half dry. The rows which 
 were planted five and six inches deep were rather the greener. On the 
 former the husks were about one-half and the leaves about one-third dry. 
 On the latter the husks were about one-third and the leaves about one- 
 fourth dry. October ist, all the rows were ripe. The corn was husked 
 November 2oth and weighed November 26th. 
 
 TABLE SHOWING DEPTH OF PLANTING; EARS AND POUNDS OF CORN PER Row, 
 ACTUAL; EARS AND BUSHELS PER ACRE, CALCULATED; AND EARS PER BUSHEL. 
 
 
 ~ 
 it 
 
 
 
 Ears prro\v.!J Ears per acre. 
 
 Lb. sh'l'd c'n pr row. 
 
 Bushels per acre. 
 
 5' I 
 
 JM 
 
 
 O 
 
 2 
 
 
 C 
 
 
 
 ? 
 
 3 O 
 
 
 O 1 ; 
 
 P cr 
 rt 
 
 c 
 
 " 
 
 o 
 
 Q 
 
 c 
 
 *J 
 
 o 
 
 c 
 
 H 
 
 P 2 
 
 ! 
 
 H 
 
 i 
 
 & i 1 
 
 
 = 
 
 
 
 o> 
 
 cr 
 
 o' 
 
 EL 
 
 cr 
 
 o 
 
 ^ 3 
 
 
 o 
 
 5> 
 
 cr i o' 
 
 V) O 
 
 
 n 
 
 
 
 n 
 
 cr 
 
 p. 
 
 n 
 
 cr 
 
 .3" 
 
 ' orq 
 
 5". ^ r 
 
 p 
 
 (D 
 
 cr p* 
 
 ?* 
 
 
 
 p 
 
 s' 
 
 
 p 
 
 3 
 
 H-* 
 
 o 
 
 3 p3 ft 
 
 ; ' 
 
 P 
 
 5' r" 
 
 j * p 
 
 
 en 
 
 P 
 
 en 
 
 
 p 
 
 en 
 
 
 I 
 
 " 3 a 
 
 
 a 
 
 en 
 
 
 I 
 
 I 
 
 81 
 
 42 
 
 123 
 
 7,290 
 
 3,780 
 
 11,070 
 
 52-25 
 
 16. 
 
 68.25 
 
 84.0 
 
 25.7 109.7 
 
 IOt 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 69 
 
 38 
 
 107 
 
 6,210 
 
 3,420 9,630 
 
 42. 
 
 3- 
 
 55- 
 
 67-5 
 
 20.9 88.4 
 
 109 
 
 3 
 
 3 
 
 73 
 
 43 
 
 116 
 
 6,570 
 
 3,870 IO,44O 
 
 45-75 
 
 
 62.75 
 
 73-5 27.3 100.8 
 
 104 
 
 4 
 
 4 
 
 65 
 
 42 
 
 107 5,850 
 
 3,780 9,630 3925 
 
 15-5 
 
 54-75 
 
 63.1 24.9 ! 88.0 
 
 109 
 
 5 
 
 5 
 
 53 
 
 39 
 
 92 
 
 4,770 
 
 3,510 8,280 | 31.5 
 
 14. 
 
 45-5 
 
 50.6 
 
 22.5 73-1 
 
 "3 
 
 6 6 
 
 48 
 
 18 
 
 66 
 
 4,320 
 
 1,620 5,94011 30.75 
 
 6-75 
 
 37-5 
 
 49.4 
 
 IO-9 60.3 
 
 98 
 
 The largest yield, at the rate of 109.7 bushels per acre, was from the 
 row planted one inch deep; the next largest, 100.8 bushels, from row 
 planted three inches deep; and the least, 60.3 bushels, from the row 
 planted six inches deep. The larger yields are principally due to the 
 larger number of ears produced, but also partly due to the larger size of 
 the ears, with the exception of the row planted six inches deep. The row 
 planted one inch deep yielded 11,070 ears per acre, and it took 101 ears 
 
^8 BULLETIN NO. 4. [February, 
 
 to make a bushel of shelled corn. The row planted three inches deep 
 yielded 10,440 ears per acre, and it took 104 ears to make a bushel. 
 Rows planted two and four inches deep yielded 9,630 ears each, and it 
 took 109 ears to make a bushel. On the other hand, the row planted six 
 inches deep yielded 5,940 ears, and it took but 98 ears to produce a 
 bushel. The shallowest and deepest planted rows, however, were outside 
 TOWS, and that in itself, as has been seen, may be enough to cause a larger 
 yield; and, therefore, a possible error in the result. The ears oh both 
 these outside rows averaged larger than on the other rows; and, of the 
 two, those on the row planted deepest averaged largest, which may be 
 accounted for by the thinner stand on that row. The average number of 
 ears required to make a bushel in the other four rows is 109. If this 
 number had been required in the row planted one inch deep the yield 
 would have been 101.6 bushels, which would still be a little the largest 
 yield; while, if that number were required in the row planted six inches 
 deep, the yield would be but 54.3 bushels. 
 
 So far as planting from one to four inches deep is concerned, these 
 results are not at all decisive. Inasmuch as there is not a direct relation- 
 ship between the depth of planting and the yield, some accidental cause 
 of variation is indicated; that is, accidental as relates to this experiment. 
 If another season's trial, when the possible error from outside rows is 
 -eliminated? gives the best result from planting three inches-deep, then the 
 present season's results will be of more value. As in ordinary field prac- 
 tice, when planting is done on fall-plowing, the soil was not stirred at the 
 -depths of five and six inches by the cultivation given the plat. The corn 
 planted at these depths, therefore, was at a double disadvantage that due 
 to depth, and that due to the less favorable mechanical condition of the 
 soil. 
 
 The best depth to plant will depend largely upon the temperature, 
 moisture, and mechanical conditions of the seed-bed at the time of plant- 
 ing, three conditions which are, probably, rarely exactly similar in two 
 different places or seasons. In this experiment, these conditions were all 
 favorable to the early growth of the corn plant; and in such a case the 
 depth of planting, between one and four inches, would make but little 
 difference. 
 
 Experiment No. J. Corn, Thickness of Planting. 
 
 This experiment was conducted with the object of determining the 
 best thickness at which to plant corn, and also the best manner of dis- 
 tributing the corn at a given thickness whether, for instance, it is better 
 to plant three kernels every three and one-half feet, or one kernel every 
 fourteen inches. 
 
 The land had been for some years in raspberries. This spring the 
 briars were gathered and burned, and May ist and ad stable manure was 
 spread on at the rate of thirty tons per acre. May ad and 3d, the land 
 was plowed. Each plat contained three rows about six rods long, and 
 
i88 9 .] 
 
 FIELD EXPERIMENTS WITH CORN 1888. 
 
 99 
 
 five rods of each row was harvested, which made that part of each plat 
 harvested for use in this experiment i-48th of an acre. The plats were 
 continuous, that is, no space was left between plats, and extra rows were 
 planted at the ends of the tract, so that each row harvested had an equal 
 .amount of soil for its use. May 8th and 9th, Burr's white dent corn was 
 planted on the twenty-four plats in quantity and manner indicated in the 
 table below. The distances were obtained by means ot a steel tape, the 
 dropping was done by hand, and the covering with a hoe. 
 
 TABLE SHOWING NUMBERS OF PLATS; KERNELS PLANTED IN A HILL; INCHES 
 BETWEEN HILLS; KERNELS PLANTED PER ACRE. 
 
 
 W 
 
 m 
 
 H- i 
 
 3 
 
 re 
 
 
 n> 
 
 n 
 
 
 
 
 n> 
 
 
 
 M 
 8 
 
 
 
 ET 
 
 H 
 
 
 -i 
 
 S. 
 
 re 
 
 1 
 
 
 3 
 
 I 
 
 1 
 
 Plat. 
 
 o 
 
 I 
 
 s 
 
 Plat. 
 
 5T 
 
 cr 
 
 n> 
 
 
 
 Plat. 
 
 * 
 
 jf 
 
 | 
 
 
 rt 
 
 
 ft 
 
 
 re 
 
 j^ 
 
 8 
 
 
 <T> 
 
 *-f 
 
 2 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 -i 
 
 
 
 
 -t 
 
 
 
 
 g 
 
 sr 
 
 P 
 O 
 
 
 =r 
 
 3' 
 
 I 
 
 
 g 
 
 3" 
 
 p 
 
 O 
 
 
 r^ 
 
 F 
 
 3 
 
 
 F 
 
 3T 
 
 rt 
 
 
 ^ 
 
 F 
 
 re 
 
 I 
 
 I 
 
 3 
 
 47,520 
 
 9 
 
 2 
 
 18 
 
 15,840 
 
 17 
 
 13 
 
 45 
 
 9,504 
 
 2 
 
 I 
 
 6 
 
 23,760 
 
 10 
 
 2 
 
 24 
 
 1 1, 880 
 
 18 
 
 4 
 
 12 
 
 47,520 
 
 3 
 
 I 
 
 9 
 
 15,840 
 
 ii 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 9,504 
 
 19 
 
 4 
 
 24 
 
 23,760 
 
 4 
 
 I 
 
 12 
 
 1 1, 880 
 
 12 
 
 2 
 
 48 
 
 5,940 
 
 20 
 
 4 
 
 36 
 
 15,840 
 
 5 
 
 I 
 
 '5 
 
 9'54 
 
 13 
 
 3 
 
 9 
 
 47,520 
 
 21 
 
 4 
 
 4 8 
 
 1 1, 880 
 
 6 
 
 I 
 
 24 
 
 5,940 
 
 
 3 
 
 18 
 
 23,760 
 
 22 
 
 5 
 
 15 
 
 47,520 
 
 7 
 
 2 
 
 6 
 
 47,520 
 
 15 
 
 3 
 
 27 
 
 15,840 
 
 23 
 
 5 
 
 30 
 
 23,760 
 
 8 
 
 2 
 
 12 
 
 23,760 
 
 16 
 
 3 
 
 36 
 
 II, 880 
 
 24 
 
 5 
 
 45 
 
 15,840 
 
 The cultivation of all the plats was the same. They were hoed twice, 
 May 24th and June aist, and cultivated once with a shallow cultivator. 
 October 8th, i3th, the plats were cut and shocked. 
 
 October I3th-i7th, corn-fodder on each plat was weighed; the 
 corn husked and weighed; the corn shelled and the cobs weighed. The 
 number and weight of good ears and nubbins and the weight of cobs 
 from each was ascertained. A sample of the shelled corn taken October 
 2oth contained 22.72 per cent, of water. The corn on the different plats 
 ripened equally early, so far as could be observed, and the corn of the 
 different plats was assumed to contain an equal percentage of water. 
 
 The plats were planted at six different degrees of thickness, as follows: 
 at the rate of 47,520, 23,760, 15,840, n,88o, 9,540, and 5,940 kernels per 
 acre; and, for the sake of brevity and clearness, will be spoken of in the 
 discussion which follows as the first, second, third, etc., plantings. As 
 there are 3,240 hills on an acre, where the hills are 3 ft. 8 in. apart each 
 way, and 12,960 kernels planted when four kernels are planted to a hill, 
 the two thickest plantings in -this experiment were considerably above the 
 rate of ordinary seeding; the two thinnest, somewhat below it; and the 
 two intermediate plantings were not far from the usual rate. 
 
 Number of stalks harvested for 100 kernels planted. The yield depends 
 upon the number of stalks harvested rather than upon the kernels planted. 
 
BULLETIN NO. 4. 
 
 [February, 
 
 The seed was of extra quality, its germinating power being nearly per- 
 fect. The first and thickest planting, which was made in five different 
 ways one kernel every three inches, two kernels every six inches, three 
 kernels every nine inches, four kernels every twelve inches, and five 
 kernels every fifteen inches produced, on an average, 62 stalks for every 
 100 kernels planted, or at the rate of 27,460 stalks per acre. Of the five 
 methods of distribution at this thickness, that of one kernel every three 
 inches produced the largest number of stalks, 70 for every 100 kernels 
 planted; but when two or more kernels were planted in a hill there was 
 but little difference in the percentage of stalks produced. 
 
 TABLE SHOWING NUMBER OF PLAT; KERNELS IN A HILL; INCHKS BETWEEN HILLS; 
 KERNELS PLANTED; STALKS HARVESTED; POUNDS OF STALKS AND CORN PER 
 PLAT AND PER ACRE; WEIGHT OF 100 STALKS WITH CORN; YIELD OF STOVER. 
 
 
 
 
 ^ 
 
 Corn-fodder (stover and corn). 
 
 Corn-stover. 
 
 
 
 
 o 
 
 
 
 
 aj 
 
 i i 
 
 ' 
 
 
 M 
 
 
 
 
 Tl 
 
 TJ 
 
 
 
 p 
 
 3 
 
 n 
 
 ) i 
 
 P 
 
 *"0 
 
 51 
 
 ^ 
 
 
 
 
 
 ^ 
 
 
 
 & 
 
 3 
 
 c 
 
 
 O 
 
 e 
 
 
 
 tn rc 
 
 e 
 
 3 
 
 B 
 
 3 
 
 r> 
 
 
 
 
 rt 
 
 
 
 3 
 
 3 
 
 
 Q. 
 
 
 
 p 
 
 i 
 
 2L 
 
 cr 
 
 rt 
 
 tn* 
 O, 
 
 rt 
 
 3 a, 
 
 jL s 
 
 CL 
 P " 
 3 13 
 
 Q, 
 
 p 01 
 
 3 T3 
 
 p p 
 05 
 
 
 1/1 
 
 13 
 ft 
 
 Ul 
 
 ft 
 
 3 
 
 05 
 ft 
 tn 
 
 fT 
 
 Ul 
 
 p 
 
 ft 
 rt 
 
 3 
 
 p" 
 
 n 
 ft, 
 
 Is, 
 
 ft 00 
 
 10 P 
 
 T! 
 
 Cu ft 
 
 si 
 
 M 
 
 S-7Q 
 
 i 
 
 P 
 
 
 
 ft 
 
 |l 
 
 
 
 ET 
 
 
 jr 
 
 tn """ 
 
 ? J 
 
 ? S" 
 
 o ?T 
 
 o 
 
 
 
 O 
 
 r* 
 
 
 ^ 
 
 s 
 
 rt 
 
 ui 
 
 ft 3 
 
 in 
 
 Ul 
 
 3 2, 
 
 i/r 
 
 "*, 
 
 O 
 
 
 
 tn 
 
 ^ 
 
 B* 
 
 p 
 
 ^a. 
 
 P* 
 
 p 
 
 
 o 
 
 s 
 
 w 
 
 
 
 
 a 
 
 
 
 in 
 
 5 s 
 
 8 
 
 n 
 
 rt 
 
 8 
 
 
 
 
 o 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 i 
 
 I 
 
 3 
 
 99 
 
 691 
 
 0.70 
 
 4OO 
 
 19,200 
 
 58 
 
 283. 
 
 13,584 
 
 41 
 
 2 
 
 I 
 
 6 
 
 495 
 
 379 
 
 0.75 
 
 360 
 
 17,280 
 
 95 
 
 216. 
 
 10,368 
 
 57 
 
 3 
 
 I 
 
 9 
 
 330 
 
 
 1. 00 
 
 34 
 
 16,320 
 
 1 02 
 
 202.5 
 
 9,720 
 
 61 
 
 4 
 
 I 
 
 12 
 
 248 
 
 294 
 
 1.19 
 
 345 
 
 16,560 117 
 
 212. 
 
 10,176 
 
 72 
 
 5 
 
 I 
 
 15 
 
 198 
 
 275 
 
 1-39 
 
 325 
 
 15,600 118 
 
 207.5 
 
 9,960 
 
 75 
 
 6 
 
 I 
 
 24 
 
 165 
 
 199 
 
 1. 21 
 
 275 
 
 13.200 138 
 
 182.5 
 
 8,760 
 
 92 
 
 7 
 
 2 
 
 6 
 
 99 
 
 574 
 
 0.58 
 
 39 
 
 18,720 68 
 
 249-5 
 
 11,976 
 
 43 
 
 8 
 
 2 
 
 12 
 
 495 
 
 356 
 
 0.72 
 
 350 
 
 16,800 98 
 
 210. 
 
 IO,o8o 
 
 59 
 
 9 
 
 2 
 
 18 
 
 330 
 
 276 
 
 0.84 
 
 300 
 
 14,400 109 
 
 175-5 
 
 8,424 
 
 64 
 
 10 
 
 2 
 
 24 
 
 248 
 
 255 
 
 1.03 
 
 310 
 
 14,880 
 
 122 
 
 181.5 
 
 8,712 
 
 71 
 
 n 
 
 2 
 
 30 
 
 198 
 
 224 1.13 
 
 280 
 
 13,440 
 
 125 
 
 177-5 
 
 8,520 
 
 79 
 
 12 
 
 2 
 
 48 
 
 165 
 
 143 0.87 
 
 230 
 
 10,040 
 
 161 
 
 146.5 
 
 7,032 
 
 102 
 
 13 
 
 3 
 
 9 
 
 99 
 
 591 0.60 
 
 340 
 
 16,320 
 
 58 
 
 208. 
 
 9,984 
 
 35 
 
 14 
 
 3 
 
 18 
 
 495 
 
 353 
 
 0.71 
 
 285 
 
 13,680 
 
 81 
 
 164.5 
 
 7,896 
 
 47 
 
 15 
 
 3 
 
 27 
 
 330 
 
 283 
 
 0.86 
 
 285 
 
 13,680 
 
 101 
 
 161. 
 
 7,728 
 
 57 
 
 16 
 
 3 
 
 36 
 
 248 
 
 251 
 
 I.OI 
 
 295 
 
 14,160 
 
 117 
 
 171. 
 
 8,208 
 
 68 
 
 17 
 
 3 
 
 45 
 
 198 
 
 219 
 
 i. n 
 
 240 
 
 11,520 
 
 no 
 
 146. 
 
 7,008 
 
 67 
 
 18 
 
 4 
 
 12 
 
 99 
 
 609 ; 
 
 0.62 
 
 355 
 
 17,040 
 
 58 
 
 232. 
 
 11,036 
 
 38 
 
 19 
 
 4 
 
 24 
 
 495 
 
 363 
 
 0-73 
 
 335 
 
 16,080 
 
 9 2 
 
 203-5 
 
 9,768 
 
 56 
 
 20 
 
 4 
 
 36 
 
 330 
 
 311 
 
 0.94 
 
 330 
 
 15,840 
 
 1 06 
 
 197-5 
 
 9,480 
 
 63 
 
 21 
 
 4 
 
 4 8 
 
 248 
 
 228 
 
 0.92 
 
 270 
 
 12,960 
 
 118 
 
 156. 
 
 7,488 
 
 68 
 
 22 
 
 5 
 
 15 
 
 99 
 
 614 
 
 0.62 
 
 380 
 
 18,240 
 
 62 
 
 257- 
 
 12,336 
 
 42 
 
 23 
 
 5 
 
 30 
 
 495 
 
 349 
 
 0.71 
 
 320 
 
 15,360 
 
 92 
 
 182. 
 
 8,736 
 
 52 
 
 24 
 
 5 
 
 45 
 
 330 
 
 251 
 
 0.76 
 
 295 
 
 12,160 
 
 .118 
 
 184. 
 
 8,832 
 
 73 
 
1889.] 
 
 FIELD EXPERIMENTS WITH CORN 1888. 
 
 101 
 
 < w 
 
 Bushel per acre 
 air dry corn. 
 
 to *3" t*-* ON ^* ^f ro o t>* ro t-^ N O s * to ro t-- Tf tooo 
 
 roOO Tf- *-< HH \O t*^ ls%O ON ** O *< to toO t-*O H-I M O O too 
 t^OO 00 00 t^ tooO 00 t- r-O tooO t^ t->* t-* to t--00 OO *-* t-*-00 O 
 
 14 
 
 ^TJ 
 
 U 3 
 
 K 
 
 Total. 
 
 t^ COO O -<T ON O "t ON ONl^nOOi-HOt^i-tONr^ 
 
 N Q to O - ro ONOO O O ON l> N to toO too N N ONO O O 
 OO O ON ONX> O ON ONOO ONO to ONOO OO OO O OO ON OM^SQ ON r^ 
 
 Nubbins. 
 
 00 O^O to toO rO (OOO ro O to ^ to O- ^^ ONO ^^ "O ro 
 
 ^2 S^Jo^ ^^"^^^^^2 S^^^a rV*? 
 
 Good ears. 
 
 ONTt- MONcot^focot^co M - r-vc vo - t^ i-i co rt 
 
 <<d- CO N O ONOO vJ O Oo'oo >-ir>rod roi^ ONO OO t^- ^ ro 
 
 Pounds ear corn 
 per bu. 
 
 OO ON to N M N ^ LO ro ro ^00 ^ OO *+ u^ >-4 o LO ^ ^ 
 
 t^-00 ON ON ON i^X) OOOOOO O OOO l^ ON O\X) OO OO OO OO 00 00 O^ 
 
 Pounds shelled 
 corn. 
 
 1 
 
 Total. 
 
 \D \f) \f) LO ^O i-O LO 1O ^O *-O *-O IO lO 
 
 O^ t*> HN 00 ^o ^* i-o *-O O *O hH O OO ON O O O ** Jt^*OO ro O ro ON 
 
 ON ^H HM O ON t^ HH HH O O 00 O O ON O O t^ OOO ON O HH OO 
 
 
 Nubbins. 
 
 xo O *O -O 10 -o 10 w^ 10 to tri iy~i to LO 10 
 
 t^ ro t^** ^" roO HH rOOQ LO ro ^* t^ 1 * t"* l^* 1^^ ^J" ON r*-00 ro ONOO ^o 
 
 Good ears. 
 
 irin LO 10 m u-> ir> 10 u-j 10 u^j u^ to 
 N l^-OO ONOO *O i^iOO OOOOO LO^OOOOOO rOOO 00 t^ ro t*^ t^. 
 
 Wt. ear corn for 
 100 Ib. stover. 
 
 >-H t^*OO rot^OO !*- *H ^00 t^rOrOf^*ro^"rO T t > t^ rOOO 10 O 
 
 Pounds ear corn. 
 
 Total. 
 
 \D VT) IO LO ^O ^O lO i-O *O IO lLO 
 
 r^^t^.fOt*^N C O ^00 N roN O *4* ^* ^ ro * N Th rooo ta - 
 
 
 Nubbins. 
 
 lO >^> LT> O >O iO O u*> 1O ir> i-O lO ^O 
 
 N ro (OOO t**OO ^ O rooo t^- ON CS i-O M ** IN* 10 ro roO ^~ t^ O 
 00 io ro -^ ^ t^ T^NNHI^ OO^NN^OOrON^OO^N 
 
 Good ears. 
 
 xo o LO 10 10 o 
 
 LO^ ^-lOO *^*O O "- 1 O io^-O 10 roO OO OO ON r^oO HH M 
 ro ON O ^ O OO O O O ** 00 I s * i-O t^ O O r- ro ON O O v ro ON ON 
 
 
 Wt. loo ears. 
 
 Total ears. 
 
 O O 00 iOO ONOO N N ^OO O "" ON O t^* ro l>- O Q N ro N 
 
 Nubbins. 
 
 N rororororON rorororOfOCS roro^rON rororON roro 
 
 Good ears. 
 
 M inrO"">ONQOO ON^-IO-' N ONrOMOOO rJ-ioroONt^-t^Tt- 
 xoO t^ t^* r^oo ioO t>- t^*oO OO i-oO t** t^* t^ ioO l>*O LOO t^ 
 
 Ears harvested to 
 loo stalks. 
 
 t- t^ O ^f t^ ^O N ON f^- ro ^O O N rooo ro ^ ro roOO N 
 
 ej 
 
 rt 
 "rt 
 
 Per acre. 
 
 W 00 00 00 O N O O Q O Q *^~O O O N N ^* N O O O OO O 
 roO NOO ONrOOO Q ONOO rOLOrJ-ro ^OOO ro to N t->. (S r}- 
 
 OO ro *" ONOO O r^. N ON ON f>. toOO ONOO r-00 N O ON>0 W CO 
 
 M 
 
 Per plat. 
 
 s ON ro O t^roi^t^O O vo-OO ^fOCO -^-00 o N ONX) O CO 
 
 Nubbins. 
 
 Per acre. 
 
 OOM Tj-Q ^O O "^"O O ^f"OO O WO Tj-^r^o M O OO 
 N O w ^TO "^"^ON ^J*O 'TO QNt^ONO N ro to too Q ro 
 vO N to to ^row O OO ^ roM O O ^}~roO N '^roroO^* 
 
 to r--^-NOJ'-NOroo$N"* ^"O ro N N to to ro W too N 
 
 Per plat. 
 
 to O ^t 1 ro O 00 to to ro to tooo O ^ ^MOO roONN ONO to t^- 
 
 3 
 9 
 
 a 
 
 
 
 o 
 
 O 
 
 Per acre. 
 
 N OO O ^O 00 O OOO O OOO OOOOOO O O QOOOOO Tj- 
 
 ro t^.oo roOO "^ONtoO O O "- 1 r^ t> rooo ro N N r-. N to ON 
 
 roO O r-iO to LOO ON t^ to to "^ too O ^" ro t^** t^*O roO to 
 
 Per plat. 
 
 ON ** N ro f^O totot^.t^.toOO O N "-" 6 O O l^-O ro 
 O ^~ T}- to N O ^ ^~ ro 'T O ONOO N Tf ro O t^. to to ,Tt~ O ro CV 
 
 
 Kernels planted. 
 
 O toooooo too toooooo voO toOoooo O toOoo O too 
 
 Inches bet. hills. 
 
 roO ON N to ^-O (M OO rf O OO ONOO t^-O to W TfO OO LO O to 
 
 Kernels in a hill. 
 
 M M M HHNNNNNNrororororo^Ti-^Tj-iototo 
 
 No. plat. 
 
 w N CO ^- "^O t^OO ON O N ro ^- toO t^OO ON O "- N ro ^T 
 
 5 
 
JQ2 BULLETIN NO. 4. [February, 
 
 The second planting was made i'n five different ways one kernel 
 every six inches, two kernels every twelve inches, etc. and produced, on 
 an average, 72 stalks for every 100 kernels planted, or at the rate of i-j,- 
 100 stalks per acre. Here again, where only one kernel was planted in a 
 hill a few more stalks 75 for every 100 kernels were produced; but the 
 variations were slight between the different methods of planting. While 
 twice as many kernels were planted in the thickest planting as in this, 
 only 71 per cent, more stalks were produced. 
 
 The third planting, which was also made in five different ways 
 one kernel every nine inches, two kernels every eighteen inches, etc. 
 produced, on an average, 88 stalks, over one-fourth more than the 
 thickest planting, for every 100 kernels planted, or at the rate of 13,940 
 stalks per acre. Where one kernel was planted every nine inches, over 
 TOO stalks were produced for every 100 kernels planted; where five kernels 
 were planted every 45 inches 76 stalks were produced. But this relation- 
 ship is not borne out in the intermediate plantings. While three times as 
 many kernels were planted in the first planting as in this, only about 
 twice as many stalks were produced. 
 
 The fourth planting, which was made in four different ways one 
 kernel every twelve inches, two kernels every twenty-four inches, etc. 
 produced, on an average, 104 stalks for every too kernels planted, or at 
 the rate of 12,350 stalks per acre. Where there was one kernel to a hill, 
 119 stalks were produced, and the number of stalks decreased as the 
 number of kernels to a hill increased, there being but 92 stalks produced 
 where four kernels were planted to the hill. While there were four times 
 as many kernels planted in the first planting as in this, only about two 
 and two-fifths times as many stalks were produced. 
 
 The fifth planting, which was made in three different ways one 
 kernel every fifteen inches, two kernels every thirty inches, and three 
 kernels every forty-five inches produced, on an average, 121 stalks for 
 every 100 kernels planted, or at the rate of 11,540 stalks per acre. Where 
 one kernel was planted to a hill, considerably more stalks 139, or 27 
 more were produced for each 100 kernels planted than where more than 
 one kernel was planted to the hill. While five times as many kernels 
 were planted in the first planting as in this, about two and one-half times 
 as many stalks were produced. 
 
 The sixth planting was made in two ways one kernel every 24 inches 
 and two kernels every 48 inches and produced, on an average, 104 stalks 
 for every 100 kernels planted, or at the rate of 6,180 stalks per acre. This 
 is nineteen less than the fifth planting. There is a wide difference between 
 the two methods of planting. Where one kernel was planted to a hill 
 121 stalks were produced for every 100 kernels planted; while where 100 
 kernels were planted two in a hill, but 87 stalks were produced. 
 
 The variation in this planting from the general trend of results is not 
 easy to understand. It was probably due to some accidental circum- 
 stance. The total number of kernels planted was so small, that an acci- 
 
1889-] FIELD EXPERIMENTS WITH CORN 1888. 103 
 
 dent occurring to a few hills would make a material difference in the 
 result. Although the number of stalks produced in the last planting was 
 somewhat lower than might have been expected, yet the number of stalks 
 produced in the first planting was only a little over three and one-half 
 times the number produced in this planting, notwithstanding eight times 
 as many kernels were planted. 
 
 Looking at it from this point only, it would seem that the third and 
 fourth plantings gave results this season that are the most to be desired. 
 To plant so many kernels that many of the plants would be crowded out 
 of existance would probably be injurious to the surviving ones; on the 
 other hand, to plant such a small number of kernels that suckers are pro- 
 duced to make up the deficiency would seem unprofitable. The sucker, 
 getting started so much later and being but an offshoot from another 
 stalk, will not reach the same development as the independent plant which 
 started at the proper time. This will be still further illustrated under the 
 next heading. 
 
 With the same rate of planting, more stalks were produced where 
 but one kernel was planted in a hill; but there was hardly any difference 
 whether it was two, three, or four kernels to a hill. For instance, taking 
 an average of the first four plantings, where one kernel was planted to a 
 hill 91 stalks were produced for every 100 kernels planted. With two, 
 three, and four kernels per hill there were 79, 79^2, and 80 stalks, respec- 
 tively, per 100 kernels planted. 
 
 Weight of stalks and ears. Before proceeding to a discussion of the 
 yields of the different degrees of thickness and methods of planting, it 
 may be worth the while to consider the development of the individual 
 plant under these various conditions, as indicated by the weight, both 
 absolute and relative, of stalk and ear. 
 
 The average weight of one hundred stalks of corn-fodder,* that is 
 stover and ears, from the first planting was 61 pounds; of stover, 40 
 pounds; of ears, 33 pounds, and for every 100 pounds of stover produced, 
 52 pounds of ear corn were produced. The heaviest stalks of corn- 
 fodder, of corn-stover, and the heaviest ears in this planting were where 
 two kernels were planted every six inches. It has heretofore been shown 
 that a less number of stalks were harvested per acre. The greatest 
 weight of ears in proportion to stover, 100 pounds of stover to 63 pounds 
 of ear corn, was where three kernels were planted to a hill. Next to this 
 was where two kernels were planted to a hill. With these exceptions 
 there was but little variation in the results from the different methods of 
 planting at this thickness. 
 
 The average weight of 100 stalks of corn-fodder from the second 
 planting was 92 pounds; of stover, 54; of ears 51, and for every 100 
 pounds of stover produced 69 pounds of ear corn was produced. This 
 is 31, 14, 18, and 17 pounds, respectively, more than the first planting. 
 
 * By corn-stover is meant the residue of the mature corn plant after the removal of ears; by corn-fodd", 
 .both ears and stalks, as proposed by Prof. Armsby, Report Penn. State College Exp't Sta., Part II., 145. 
 
104 BULLETIN NO. 4. [February, 
 
 There was a variation in weight of corn-fodder between two kernels every 
 12 inches and three kernels every 18 inches of 17 pounds; of stover of 12 
 pounds in favor of the former method of planting; and a variation between 
 four and five kernels in a hill of u pounds of ear corn for every 100 
 pounds of stover produced; otherwise there was but little variation in 
 the results from the different methods of planting. 
 
 The average weight of 100 stalks of corn-fodder from the third plant- 
 ing was 107 pounds; of stover, 63; of ears, 60; and for every 100 pounds 
 of stover produced 69 pounds of ear corn was produced. This is 46, 23, 
 27, and 17 pounds, respectively, more than the first planting. The aver- 
 age weight of 100 stalks of fodder and of stover, and of 100 ears was 15, 
 9, and 9 pounds, respectively, more than the second planting, while there 
 was no difference in the weight of ear corn per 100 pounds of stover. 
 The variation of weight of corn-fodder was 17 pounds; of corn-stover, 
 16; and of weight of ear corn per 100 pounds of stover, of 17 pounds, 
 between plats planted three and five kernels to a hill. In the first two 
 cases it was in favor of the former and in the last case in favor of the 
 latter. Otherwise the variations were not marked. 
 
 The average weight of 100 stalks of corn-fodder from the fourth 
 planting was 119 pounds; of stover, 70; of ears, 64; and for every 100 
 pounds of stover there were 70 pounds of ear corn. The variations from 
 the average were not marked in this case. 
 
 The average weight of 100 stalks of corn-fodder in the fifth planting 
 was 118 pounds; of stover, 74; of ears, 63, and there were 60 pounds of 
 ear corn for every 100 pounds of stover. The heaviest stalks of corn- 
 fodder and of stover and heaviest ears were where two kernels were 
 planted to a hill, and the lightest where three kernels were planted to a 
 hill. The least weight of corn to stover was where one kernel, and the 
 greatest where three kernels, were planted to a hill. 
 
 The average weight of 100 stalks of corn-fodder in the sixth planting 
 was 150 pounds; of stover, 97; of ears, 70 pounds, while there were but 
 54 pounds of ear corn for every 100 pounds of stover. 
 
 To recapitulate, the average weight of 100 stalks of corn varied from 
 6 1 pounds in the first and thickest planting to 150 pounds in the sixth 
 and thinnest planting, there being a somewhat regular although not con- 
 stant increase from the thickest to the thinnest planting. The average 
 weight of 100 stalks of stover varied from 40 pounds in the thickest 
 planting to 97 pounds in the thinnest planting, while the weight of 100 
 ears raised from 33 pounds to 70 pounds. But the weight of stalks 
 increased more than the weight of ears. Up to the fourth planting, how- 
 ever, the ears increased in weight faster than the stalks, which indicates 
 that, in this case, neither the thickest nor thinnest planting was best for 
 the production of corn. This is also indicated by the weight of ear corn 
 to 100 pounds of stover; which was largest in the second, third, and 
 fourth, and considerably less in the other plantings. In the thickest 
 planting the, the stalks could not develop the earsj probably from lack of 
 
1889.] FIELD EXPERIMENTS WITH CORN 1888. 105 
 
 available food supply; in the thinner planting, the stalks budded larger 
 than they could realize in corn, and, probably, more suckers, which con- 
 tained few and imperfect ears, were thrown up to make use of the avail- 
 able food supply. More plants would have made better use of the land, 
 and the plants would have developed more perfectly. 
 
 In this experiment, the development of the plant seems to have 
 depended mostly upon the thickness of planting, and but little upon the 
 method of distribution. Although there were some very marked varia- 
 tions there was, in general, a great uniformity of results. To a small 
 extent, however, better development was obtained where two or three 
 kernels were planted to a hill than where one. or four kernels were planted. 
 Taking an average of the first four plantings, with one, two, three, and 
 four kernels to the hill, 100 stalks of corn-fodder weighed 93, 99, 89, and 
 94 pounds; corn-stover, 58, 59, 52, and 56 pounds; 100 ears, 51, 54, 53, 
 and 51 pounds; and for every 100 pounds of corn-stover there was 60, 
 66, 72, and 64 pounds of ear corn. That is, the ears were larger, and 
 more corn in proportion to stover was produced where two or three 
 kernels were planted to a hill than when one or four kernels were planted. 
 
 Number of ears. The number of ears per acre varied from 18,932 in 
 plat i, one of the thickest planted plats, to 5,664 in plat 12, one of the 
 thinnest planted plats; about three and one-third times as many in one 
 case as in the other. This would materially affect the cost of harvesting; 
 and, unless there is a considerable increase in yield, the increase in ears 
 would be undesirable. 
 
 The average number of ears per acre from the first planting was 
 18,397; from the second, 12,749; from the third, 10,013; from the fourth, 
 9,384; from the fifth, 7,616; from the sixth, 6,048. For every 100 good 
 ears, there were 370, 97, 51, 33, 43, and 28 nubbins, respectively. 
 
 Taking an average of the first four plantings, the number of ears pro- 
 duced per acre with one kernel to a hill was 13,529; with two, 12,504; 
 with three, 12,216; with four, 12,649. There was little difference in the 
 number of ears produced whether two, three, or four kernels were planted 
 to a hill, while there were somewhat more ears produced where but one 
 kernel was planted to a hill. It has been shown that where two and three 
 kernels were planted to a hill, the ears were a little larger than where but 
 one was planted. 
 
 For every 100 stalks there were in the first planting 62 ears; in the 
 second, 74; in the third, 72; in the fourth, 76; in the fifth, 66; in the sixth, 
 75. If we may assume that the results in plat 12 were somewhat abnor- 
 mal, as heretofore mentioned, there were, in general, fewer barren stalks on 
 the intermediate planting than in either the thickest or thinnest planting. 
 
 Yield. The average yield of corn-fodder, approximately, was, for the 
 first planting 9 tons per acre; the second, 8; the third, 7^; the fourth, 
 iy 2 ; the fifth, 6^; and the sixth, 5 4-5. The average yield of stover, 
 approximately, was 6, 4^, 4 2-5, 4^3, 4%, and 4 tons per acre, respec- 
 
106 BULLETIN NO. 4. [February, 
 
 tively. The average yield of shelled corn, approximately, was 89, 95, 87, 
 83, 72, and 60 bushels per acre, respectively. Of this quantity 32, 64, 71? 
 74, 61, and 55 bushels, respectively, were obtained from the good ears; 
 and 57, 31, 16, 13, u, and 5 bushels from the nubbins. 
 
 While the largest yield of corn -fodder and of stover came from the 
 thickest planting one kernel every three inches, two kernels every six 
 inches, etc. the largest yield of shelled corn came from the second plant- 
 ing one kernel every six inches, two kernels every twelve inches, etc.; 
 and the largest yield of corn from good ears came from fourth planting 
 one kernel every twelve inches, two kernels every twenty-four inches, 
 etc.; and it was nearly equaled by the third planting one kernel every 
 nine, two every eighteen, etc. The second planting produced eight bushels 
 more shelled corn than the fourth, but the fourth produced ten bushels 
 more corn from good ears/ To harvest the second planting required in 
 this case the husking of 12,700 ears; and to harvest the fourth planting, 
 9,400 ears, approximately. 
 
 Taking the average of the first four plantings, where one kernel was 
 planted to a hill the yield was 92.8 bushels per acre; two kernels, 93.4; 
 three kernels, 87.4; four kernels, 87.8; and of shelled corn from good ears 
 there were 60 i, 66, 57.6, and 60.2 bushels per acre, respectively. There 
 was a little more corn, and considerable more corn from good ears, where 
 two kernels were planted to a hill. 
 
 Experiment No. 6. Corn, Planting in Hills or Drills. 
 
 This experiment was made to supplement Experiment No. 5. In 
 that experiment the cultivation was the same whether there was one 
 kernel every foot or three kernels every three feet. In ordinary practice, 
 however, if corn is planted in hills, it is cultivated both ways; while, if 
 planted in drills, it can be cultivated but one way. An acre of land was 
 divided into two plats, each 8xio rods. One plat was planted in drills 
 with a corn-planter, one to three kernels of Burr's white dent corn every 
 sixteen inches; the other was planted in hills 3 feet 8 inches apart, two to 
 four kernels in a hill. It was hoped by this means to plant nearly equal 
 quantities of seed on each plat. It was found, however, that four pounds 
 were used in planting the corn in hills and four and one-half in planting 
 in drills. Besides, it was found that on the drilled plat six rows had been 
 missed by the planter. These were subsequently planted, but were not 
 used in calculating the yield. The rate of planting, therefore, was rather 
 more than five pounds for this plat. In planting, the size of the plats was 
 ascertained only approximately, but it was accurately ascertained, before 
 harvesting. 
 
 In the season of 1887, the land was in mammoth clover. May i, 
 1888, it was plowed four inches deep; May i4th and i5th, the land was 
 rolled, pulverized twice with a disk harrow and once with a common 
 tooth harrow. May i6th, the corn was planted. June ist, the land was 
 harrowed. June 5th, both plats were cultivated east and west with a 
 
1889 ] FIELD EXPERIMENTS WITH CORN 1888. ID/ 
 
 shallow cultivator, and again, June 2oth, with a deep cultivator. July 
 4th, the plat planted in hills was cultivated north and south, and the 
 drilled plat was cultivated east and west, with a deep cultivator. The 
 cultivation was unfortunate, in that it was not with a deep cultivator 
 the first time and that the plat planted in hills was not cultivated cross- 
 wise at the second time. 
 
 November i2th, the ear corn on the plat which was planted in hills 
 weighed 2,740 pounds, or, at 70 pounds to the bushel, 78 bushels per acre. 
 The ear corn on five sixths of the drilled plat, one-sixth of the plat having 
 been missed in planting, as heretofore mentioned, weighed 2,300 pounds, 
 or at the rate of 2,760 pounds per plat, almost exactly the same as on the 
 plat planted in hills. Although the test lacks the thoroughness desirable, 
 the result is similar to results obtained in Experiment No. 5, viz., no 
 marked differences from different methods of planting. 
 
 Experiment No. 8. Corn, Frequency of Cultivation. 
 
 The land used in this experiment is the same as that used in the two 
 succeeding experiments, and all that relates to the nature of the land, its 
 preparation, the planting of the seed, and the cultivation of the crop will 
 be discussed here once for all. 
 
 In the season of 1887, the land was in mammoth clover. May 2, 
 1888, it was plowed about four inches deep. May 4th, the land was rolled, 
 pulverized once with a disk harrow, twice with a common tooth harrow, 
 and marked, the furrows being 3 feet 8 inches apart each way. May 5th, 
 eight plats, approximately 2x8 rods each, or, more exactly, 9x35 hills a 
 little less than one-tenth of an acre were planted, four kernels to the hill, 
 with Burr's white dent corn. The space of one row was left between suc- 
 cessive plats. The land was moist. May i4th, the corn was coming up 
 and was rolled. In order to observe the result of different amounts of 
 cultivation on the yield of corn it was arranged to cultivate very frequently 
 plat 8 with a deep cultivator, a John Deere being ordinarly used, and plat 
 7 with shallow cultivator, the Tower being ordinarily used; to cultivate 
 the usual number of times plat 6 with a deep and plat 5 with a shallow 
 cultivator, the ordinary amount being given; to cultivate plat 4 with a 
 deep and plat 3 with a shallow cultivator, as in plats 5 and 6, except that 
 the cultivation was to be continued past the ordinary time of laying 
 corn by; to remove the weeds from plat 2 without any cultivation and 
 with the least possible disturbance of the soil; and to hoe in the ordinary 
 way, for purposes of comparison, plat i in Experiment No. 9; Depth of 
 Cultivation. 
 
 The table on page 108 gives the quantity and kind of cultivation of 
 the different plats. The cultivation of these plats was all one way, as 
 cross-cultivation was not practicable, since the plats receiving different 
 quantities of cultivation were adjacent. Plat i was hoed, the ground 
 being stirred one or two inches deep, and plat 2 had its weeds removed 
 by scraping the surface with a sharp hoe, which barely moved the surface 
 
io8 
 
 BULLETIN NO. 4. 
 
 \_February, 
 
 of the soil. May 26th and 3ist, and June 8th and 2oth, plat 5 was culti- 
 vated shallow and plat 6 dep; plats 3 and 4, on these dates, and also 
 July i3th and August ist. Between May 25th and June 25th, a period of 
 thirty days, plats 7 and 8 were cultivated twelve times, or three times as 
 often as is usually done. 
 
 TABLE SHOWING THE CULTIVATION OF PLATS IN EXPERIMENTS 8, 9, AND 10. 
 
 Date. 
 
 Plat I. 
 
 Plat 2. 
 
 Plat 3. 
 
 Plat 4. 
 
 Plat- 5. 
 
 Plat 6. 
 
 Plat 7. 
 
 Plat 8. 
 
 May 14 
 
 Rolled . 
 
 Rolled . 
 
 Rolled.. 
 
 Rolled . 
 
 Rolled . 
 
 Rolled.. 
 
 Rolled . 
 
 Rolled . 
 
 May 26 
 
 Hoed . . 
 
 Scraped 
 
 Shallow 
 
 Deep . , 
 
 Shallow 
 
 Deep . . . 
 
 Shallow 
 
 Deep.. . 
 
 Mav 31. 
 
 Hoed 
 
 Scraped 
 
 Shallow 
 
 Deep . . . 
 
 Shallow 
 
 Deep . . 
 
 Shallow 
 
 Deep . . 
 
 June 2 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Shallow 
 
 Deep.. . 
 
 June &. . 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Shallow 
 
 Deep . . 
 
 June 6 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Shallow 
 
 i "eep .. . 
 
 June 8 
 
 Hoed 
 
 Scraped 
 
 Shallow 
 
 Deep . . 
 
 Shallow 
 
 Deep. . . 
 
 Shallow 
 
 Deep .. . 
 
 fune n 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Shallow 
 
 Deep.. . 
 
 Tune IT. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Shallow 
 
 Deep . . 
 
 June 15 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Shallow 
 
 Deep.. . 
 
 June 18 . 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Shallow 
 
 Deep . . 
 
 June 19. . . ] 
 June 20 
 
 Hoed . . 
 
 Scraped 
 
 Hoed 
 in row. 
 Shallow 
 
 Hoed in 
 row . . . 
 Deep . . . 
 
 Hoed 
 in row. . 
 Shallow 
 
 Hoed 
 i n row . 
 Deep. . 
 
 Hoed 
 in row.. 
 Shallow 
 
 Hoed 
 in row . 
 Deep.. . 
 
 Tune 25 . 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Shallow 
 
 Deep.. . 
 
 > , > 
 July 13 
 
 
 
 Shallow 
 
 Deep 
 
 
 
 
 
 Tuly 20. . . 
 
 Scraped 
 
 Scraped 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 August I . 
 
 
 
 Shallow 
 
 Deep 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Effect of the cultivation upon the soil and upon the weeds. The shallow 
 cultivator stirred the ground about one inch deep and left the ground 
 rather level. However, the cultivation being all in one direction the 
 result was to ridge the ground somewhat. The nearest points of opposite 
 blades of cultivator were ten inches, and in some cases further apart, this 
 seeming to be as close as it was practicable to run the blades where the 
 corn was in hills. The deep cultivation was at least three inches deep, 
 and left the ground ridged and uneven, sometimes rather more ridged 
 than usual, because the ground was too moist in a few cases for the best 
 cultivation. It was ascertained by measurement that the cultivator did not 
 usually run nearer than five inches, and it is believed that the roots were 
 not cut on an average nearer than six inches from the center of the hill. 
 
 Examination, May 28th, after heavy rains, showed that the weeds were 
 somewhat better destroyed by the deep than by the shallow cultivation. 
 More weeds were left both in the row and between the rows by the latter 
 mode. This was found to be the case, usually, after each cultivation. 
 
 June ipth, it was found that the shallow cultivated plats, plats 3, 5, 
 and 7, had many weeds in the rows, while the deep cultivated plats had 
 but few. As these would have been removed had it been practicable to 
 cultivate both ways, and as it was desired to study the effect of deep and 
 shallow cultivation and of quantity of cultivation, uninfluenced by other 
 causes, the weeds were removed with a hoe with as little cultivation as 
 practicable. So, also, it was found July 2oth that grass was tall and thick 
 on plat 2, but shorter and thinner on plat i, and it was removed by scrap- 
 
i88 9 .] 
 
 FIELD EXPERIMENTS WITH CORN 1888. 
 
 109 
 
 ing the plats with a hoe. Plats 3 and 4 were left much freer from grass 
 and weeds than the other plats on account of the cultivation subsequent 
 to tasseling. 
 
 Field notes. July icth, there were occasional tassels, and they were 
 apparently in equal quantities on the different plats. July i8th, the corn 
 was pretty fully in tassel. Plat i was more vigorous than plat 2 and was, 
 probably, the most vigorous plat. Plats 4, 6, and 8, the deep cultivated 
 plats, seemed hardly so vigorous or so far advanced as plats 3, 5, and 7, 
 the shallow cultivated plats. September i4th, the corn was out of the 
 way of frost. No difference was observable in stage of ripeness, except 
 that, possibly, plats 3 and 4 seemed a little greener. At this time the 
 general appearance of the corn indicated that plat i was the best, plat 2 
 the poorest, and no difference could be observed between the three deep 
 and the three shallow cultivated plats, nor between those cultivated more 
 and less frequently, except as just stated; and it may be said that se'veral 
 men, some of large experience in corn raising, examined the corn about 
 this time and there was a practical unanimity of opinion on this point. 
 The indications did not prove correct, however, for while plat i produced 
 the largest yield, plat 2 gave by no means the least; and there was an 
 appreciable difference between the yield of the deep and shallow culti- 
 vated plats. 
 
 Yield. November 23d each of the thirty-five rows nine hills, or two 
 rods, long of each plat was husked and weighed. A fifty-pound sample 
 yielded 42 pounds of shelled corn. The table, page no, gives the weights 
 in detail, the total weight in pounds per plat, and the calculated number 
 of bushels per acre. 
 
 The following table gives a summary of the results: 
 
 2 
 P 
 
 Kind of cultivation. 
 
 "0 
 
 o 
 
 T3 = 
 n> &, 
 
 1 U3 
 
 T3 ft 
 !r- P 
 P i 
 
 o 
 
 
 
 3 
 
 Bushels per 
 acre. 
 
 Average. 
 
 i 
 
 Hoed, ordinary 
 
 621 5 
 
 06 
 
 
 2 
 
 None, weeds removed by scraping surface . . 
 Shallow, twice after tlisselling 
 
 584-5 
 61 1 
 
 90. 
 
 ) 
 
 4 
 
 Deep, twice after tasselling 
 
 cc-j e 
 
 8; 2 
 
 89.7 
 
 5 
 
 Shallow, ordinary 
 
 600 
 
 Q-J 8 
 
 i 
 
 6 
 
 Deep, ordinary 
 
 eci c 
 
 &1 
 
 [89.4 
 
 7 
 
 Shallow, frequent 
 
 614 
 
 
 ! 
 
 8 
 
 Deep, frequent 
 
 
 SA c 
 
 89.6 
 
 
 
 
 
 ' 
 
 There is, practically, no difference in the yield between the two plats 
 5 and 6, which were given the ordinary amount of cultivation, and plats 
 7 and 8, which were given three times the ordinary amount of cultivation; 
 neither was there any better yield from those plats which were cultivated 
 twice after the usual time of laying corn by. The only benefit derived 
 
BULLETIN NO. 4. 
 
 \February t 
 
 from this cultivation was tbat the land was much freer from weeds, the 
 effect of which another season is yet to be observed. 
 
 It may be well to remind the reader that the season was unusually 
 favorable for corn, and that the land was newly broken sod, which is 
 generally conceded to require less cultivation than old land, and that 
 final judgment may be wisely delayed until the experiment can be repeated 
 several years on the same land. 
 
 TABLE SHOWING POUNDS OF EAR CORN PER Row AND PER PLAT, AND BUSHELS 
 
 PER ACRE. 
 
 Row . 
 
 Plat i. 
 
 Plat 2. 
 
 Plat 3. 
 
 Plat 4. 
 
 Plat 5. 
 
 Plat 6. 
 
 Plat 7. 
 
 Plat 8. 
 
 i 
 
 2C. 
 
 16.5 
 
 13-5 
 
 18. 
 
 19 
 
 - '9- 
 
 19. 
 
 1 1. 5 
 
 2 
 
 2O. 
 
 17-5 
 
 16. 
 
 17-5 
 
 17- 
 
 15- 
 
 18. 
 
 15- 
 
 3 
 
 15. 
 
 16.5 
 
 IS- 
 
 16. 
 
 15. 
 
 15- 
 
 15-5 
 
 13- 
 
 4 
 
 1 8. 
 
 1 8. 
 
 20. 
 
 15- 
 
 18.5 
 
 15- 
 
 20.5 
 
 16. 
 
 5 
 
 18.5 
 
 18. 
 
 16. 
 
 16. 
 
 14. 
 
 16. 
 
 15- 
 
 16.5 
 
 6 
 
 18. 
 
 195 
 
 14-5 
 
 18.5 
 
 19 5 
 
 15-5 
 
 18. 
 
 14. 
 
 7 
 
 20. 
 
 17-5 
 
 17-5 
 
 .6.5 
 
 18. 
 
 17- 
 
 16.5 
 
 17- 
 
 8 
 
 195 
 
 1 8. 
 
 1 8. 
 
 16.5 
 
 18. ' 
 
 16. 
 
 17- 
 
 17- 
 
 .9 
 
 17-5 
 
 17- 
 
 17-5 
 
 15-5 
 
 16.5 
 
 16.5 
 
 17-5 
 
 18.5 
 
 10 
 
 1 8. 
 
 18. 
 
 20. 
 
 18. 
 
 20. 
 
 16.5 
 
 16. 
 
 5-5 
 
 u 
 
 "5 
 
 14-5 
 
 195 
 
 16.5 
 
 16.' 
 
 H5 
 
 17- 
 
 17- 
 
 12 
 
 18-5 
 
 19. 
 
 16.5 
 
 14. 
 
 19. 
 
 16.5 
 
 17- 
 
 165 
 
 13 
 
 17- 
 
 15-5 
 
 19.5 
 
 1.8. 
 
 12.5 
 
 14. 
 
 17- 
 
 16.5 
 
 H 
 
 16. 
 
 16.5 
 
 19-5 
 
 135 
 
 17-5 
 
 16.5 
 
 17- 15- 
 
 15 
 
 1 8. 
 
 14-5 
 
 16.5 
 
 >5-5 
 
 16. 
 
 15-5 
 
 14. 
 
 '3 5- 
 
 16 
 
 1 6. 
 
 17- 
 
 18.5 
 
 19. 
 
 185 
 
 17- 
 
 17- 
 
 165 
 
 i? 
 
 17- 
 
 15- 
 
 18.5 
 
 i5- 
 
 19. 
 
 17- 
 
 18.5 
 
 H-5 
 
 18 
 
 20.5 
 
 17-5 
 
 15-5 
 
 14-5 
 
 15-5 
 
 15-5 
 
 18. 
 
 15-5 
 
 '9 
 
 20. 
 
 16. 
 
 16.5 
 
 13- 
 
 20.5 
 
 15- 
 
 16. 
 
 H-S 
 
 20 
 
 16. 
 
 16. 
 
 16.5 
 
 16.5 
 
 16.5 
 
 15- 
 
 18.5 
 
 !8. 5 
 
 21 
 
 14. 
 
 145 
 
 18. 
 
 '5-5 
 
 17-5 
 
 13- 
 
 15-5 
 
 '35 
 
 22 
 
 '95 
 
 16.5 
 
 15. 
 
 1 6. 
 
 18.5 
 
 17- 
 
 17- 
 
 16. . 
 
 23 
 
 16.5 
 
 15-5 
 
 1 8. 
 
 16- 
 
 17-5 
 
 13- 
 
 1 8. 
 
 15- 
 
 24 
 
 1 8. 
 
 15-5 
 
 18. 
 
 7-5 
 
 1 8. 
 
 15-5 
 
 18. 
 
 1C. 
 
 25 
 
 1 8. 
 
 1 6. 
 
 16.5 
 
 15- 
 
 19. 
 
 14. 
 
 IS- 
 
 17- 
 
 26 
 
 18.5 
 
 17-5 
 
 19. 
 
 12-5 
 
 1 6. 
 
 18. 
 
 18.5 
 
 15-5 
 
 27 
 
 16.5 
 
 15-5 
 
 17- 
 
 14. 
 
 '95 
 
 14-5 
 
 18.5 
 
 16.5 
 
 28 
 
 16. 
 
 17-5 
 
 18. 
 
 16.5 
 
 15-5 
 
 16.5 
 
 '7- 
 
 17-5 
 
 2 9 
 
 17- 
 
 16.5 
 
 18. 
 
 1 6. 
 
 H-S 
 
 16.5 
 
 19-5 
 
 16. 
 
 30 
 
 19. 
 
 18. 
 
 16.5 
 
 16. 
 
 IQ. 
 
 15-5 
 
 16.5 
 
 16. 
 
 31 
 
 17- 
 
 7-5 
 
 19.5 
 
 H-5 
 
 1 8. 
 
 15-5 
 
 20. 
 
 16.5 
 
 32 
 
 '7-5 
 
 15- 
 
 18.5 
 
 15- 
 
 i8 5 
 
 14. 
 
 I6. 5 
 
 17- 
 
 33 
 
 17- 
 
 13- 
 
 17- 
 
 i7- 
 
 14. 
 
 1 6. 
 
 I 9 5 
 
 15- 
 
 34 
 
 20. 
 
 19. 
 
 20. 
 
 16. 
 
 20. 
 
 19. 
 
 20. 
 
 16.5 
 
 35 . 
 
 22. 
 
 19. 
 
 17- 
 
 13- 
 
 17- 
 
 15-5 
 
 21.5 
 
 14. 
 
 Lbs.. 
 
 621.5 
 
 584.5 
 
 611 
 
 553-5 
 
 609 
 
 551-5 
 
 614 
 
 549 
 
 Bu. .. 
 
 96.0 90.0 
 
 94.1 
 
 85.2 
 
 93-8 
 
 84.9 
 
 946 
 
 845 
 
 Experiment No. 9. Corn, Depth of Cultivation. 
 
 Everything relating to the care of the crop in this experiment has 
 been discussed under Experiment No. 8. 
 
 Three plats which were cultivated with a shallow cultivator, one four 
 times, one four times during the season and twice after tasseling, and one 
 twelve times during the season, yielded about 94, 94, and 94^2 bushels 
 per acre, respectively an average of a little more than 94 bushels; while 
 three plats cultivated with ordinary deep cultivator yielded 85, 85, and 
 
1889.] FIELD EXPERIMENTS WITH CORN 1888. Ill 
 
 841/2 bushels per acre, respectively an average of a little less than 85 
 bushels. There was on an average 9 bushels more produced on the 
 shallow cultivated plats than on the deep cultivated plats. Plat 2, which 
 received no cultivation, but had the weeds removed by scraping the sur- 
 face with a sharp hoe, yielded at the rate of 90 bushels per acre, which is 
 four bushels below the yield of the shallow cultivated plats and five 
 bushels above the deep cultivated crops; and plat i, hoed in the ordinary 
 manner, yielded 96 bushels to the acre, or a little more than the plats 
 which were cultivated shallow with the machine. That is, the shallow 
 cultivation, in this case, was better than no cultivation and no cultivation 
 was better than deep cultivation. This might seem to indicate that in 
 this experiment a certain amount of judicious cultivation of the soil was 
 beneficial, while too much disturbance of the soil was harmful. This 
 may or may not express a general truth; but there is another possible 
 reason why the plat which was not cultivated did not yield as well as that 
 which was cultivated shallow. As already said, July 2oth, since the 
 method of removing the weeds was less effective on plat 2, the grass on 
 this plat was thick and tall, while it was much shorter and thinner on. 
 other plats. This was a critical period for the corn plant, and, possibly, 
 the smaller yield may have been as much on account of the greater 
 number of weeds as on account of the less pulverization of the soil. The 
 corn raiser need not congratulate himself that he can raise corn without 
 giving cultivation of some kind. The point at issue is whether the cul- 
 tivation should be for the purpose of both removing the weeds and 
 stirring the soil, or whether it is only desirable to give the land such 
 cultivation as will keep it free from weeds. 
 
 Experiment No. 10. Corn, Effect of Root- Pruning. 
 
 Every other row of the thirty- five rows, 2 rods long, of each of the 
 eight plats described in Experiment No. 8, was root-pruned about three 
 inches deep. 
 
 It was determined by measurement that an ordinary cultivator usu- 
 ally runs not nearer than five inches, and it is believed that roots were 
 not cut, on an average, nearer than six inches from the center of the hill. 
 A frame, one foot square, therefore, was placed over the hill and a butcher- 
 knife was drawn along the edges of this frame. The corn was root-pruned 
 three times, at the time of the second, third, and fourth and last ordinary 
 cultivations. The first time it was root-pruned, May 3ist-June ist, the 
 corn was six to ten inches high, to tip of leaves. The last time it was 
 root-pruned, June 2oth-2ist, it was three to four feet high, to tip of leaves. 
 At the first and second pruning, a gauge was placed on the butcher- knife, 
 which allowed it, when held vertical, to cut three and three-eighths inches 
 deep, but as in practice it was not held strictly vertical, it is believed that the 
 effective cutting depth was three inches. At the last pruning, the knife cut 
 four inches deep; but the dirt was so ridged about plats 3 to 8 that, it is 
 believed, the knife did not cut deeper than before, unless in plats i and 2. 
 
112 
 
 BULLETIN NO. 4. 
 
 [February, 
 
 No difference was at any time observed between the pruned and un- 
 pruned rows in regard to size, vigor, or stage of maturity. 
 
 The yields of seventeen pruned and seventeen unpruned rows from 
 each plat are compared in detail below. The table on page 113 gives a 
 summary of the results: 
 
 TABLE SHOWING POUNDS OF CORN IN EACH OF 17 PRUNED AND 17 UNPRUNED Rows; 
 AND POUNDS PER PLAT FOR PRUNED AND UNPRUNED Rows. 
 
 Row. 
 
 Plat I. 
 
 Plat 2. 
 
 Plat 3. 
 
 Plat 4. 
 
 Plat 5. 
 
 P!at 6. 
 
 Plat 7. 
 
 Plat 8. 
 
 ( P uned 
 
 23. 
 
 16."; 
 
 17. C 
 
 1 8. 
 
 IQ. 
 
 IQ. 
 
 IQ. 
 
 II. S 
 
 / Unpruned 
 
 2O. 
 
 17- ^ 
 
 1 6. 
 
 17- "> 
 
 17- 
 
 IS- 
 
 IX 
 
 IS. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 ( Pruned 
 
 IS- 
 
 i6.s 
 
 I<H 
 
 1 6. 
 
 15. 
 
 IS- 
 
 IS-S 
 
 17. 
 
 | Unpruned 
 
 18. 
 
 18. 
 
 2O. 
 
 IS. 
 
 18.; 
 
 K- 
 
 2O. S 
 
 16. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 ( Pruned 
 
 18.5 
 
 18. 
 
 1 6. 
 
 16. 
 
 14. 
 
 16. 
 
 15. 
 
 i6.s 
 
 ( Unpruned 
 
 18. 
 
 10.5 
 
 14.? 
 
 18 5 
 
 IQ-"> 
 
 J v S 
 
 
 14. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 j Pruned 
 
 20. 
 
 I7-S 
 
 17. 5 
 
 16.? 
 
 1 8. 
 
 17. 
 
 i6.S 
 
 17. 
 
 ) Unpruned 
 
 i<). ; 
 
 18. 
 
 1 8. 
 
 *"O 
 
 i6.s 
 
 18. 
 
 1 6. 
 
 17- 
 
 17. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 ( Pruned 
 
 I7-S 
 
 17. 
 
 I7-"> 
 
 IS-S 
 
 16.1; 
 
 16.5 
 
 I7-S 
 
 18.5 
 
 ' \ Unpruned 
 
 18. 
 
 18. 
 
 2O. 
 
 
 20. 
 
 165 
 
 16. 
 
 IS-S 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 x- ( Pruned 
 
 H-S 
 
 14. s 
 
 IQ. S 
 
 I6.C 
 
 16. 
 
 H. C 
 
 17. 
 
 17. 
 
 j Unpruned 
 
 18.5 
 
 IQ. 
 
 i yo 
 16.1; 
 
 14. 
 
 IQ. 
 
 16.5 
 
 17. 
 
 16.5 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 ( Pruned 
 
 17. 
 
 1C. 
 
 IQ.I; 
 
 1 8. 
 
 12.5 
 
 14. 
 
 17- 
 
 16.5 
 
 j Unpruned 
 
 16. 
 
 l6."; 
 
 IQ.I; 
 
 i^- 1 ? 
 
 I7.C 
 
 i6.s 
 
 17. 
 
 IS. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 o ( Pruned 
 
 18. 
 
 14."; 
 
 i6.c 
 
 i 1 ?.? 
 
 1 6. 
 
 IS-S 
 
 
 i^-S 
 
 \ Unpruned 
 
 16. 
 
 17. 
 
 18.; 
 
 IQ. 
 
 18.5 
 
 17- 
 
 17. 
 
 16.5 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 j Pruned 
 
 17. 
 
 15. 
 
 18.5 
 
 1C. 
 
 19. 
 
 17- 
 
 18.5 
 
 14.5 
 
 j Unpruned 
 
 20.5 
 
 i7-s 
 
 IS-^ 
 
 14.5 
 
 I vS 
 
 IS-S 
 
 1 8. 
 
 IS-S 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 ( Pruned 
 
 20. 
 
 1 6. 
 
 16.5 
 
 1^- 
 
 20.5 
 
 IS- 
 
 1 6. 
 
 14.5 
 
 | Unpruned 
 
 1 6. 
 
 1 6. 
 
 16.5 
 
 l6-5 
 
 165 
 
 15. 
 
 18.5 
 
 18.5 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 ( Pruned . . 
 
 14. 
 
 14. s 
 
 1 8. 
 
 1 5- 5 
 
 17.5 
 
 17. 
 
 IS-S 
 
 n.s 
 
 \ Unpruned 
 
 IQ 5 
 
 16.5 
 
 IS- 
 
 16. 
 
 18.5 
 
 17. 
 
 17. 
 
 16. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 ( Pruned 
 
 16.5 
 
 il.? 
 
 18. 
 
 1 6. 
 
 17.5 
 
 ii. 
 
 18. 
 
 15. 
 
 } Un pruned 
 
 18. 
 
 i 1 ?. 1 ? 
 
 18. 
 
 17.5 
 
 18. 
 
 IS-S 
 
 18. 
 
 15.5 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 ( Pruned . 
 
 1 8. 
 
 1 6. 
 
 16.5 
 
 15. 
 
 19. 
 
 14. 
 
 15. 
 
 17. 
 
 J j Unpruned 
 
 18.5 
 
 17. "! 
 
 IQ. 
 
 12. ? 
 
 16. 
 
 18. 
 
 18.5 
 
 IS-S 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 ( Pruned 
 
 16.5 
 
 15. S 
 
 17. 
 
 14. 
 
 19.5 
 
 14. S 
 
 i8.S 
 
 16.5 
 
 ^ ) Unpinned 
 
 16. 
 
 17.5 
 
 18. 
 
 16.5 
 
 15.5 
 
 16.5 
 
 17. 
 
 17.5 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 I Pruned . . 
 
 17. 
 
 16.5 
 
 1 8. 
 
 1 6. 
 
 14 5 
 
 I6.S 
 
 19.5 
 
 1 6. 
 
 3 j Unpruned 
 
 19. 
 
 18. 
 
 16.5 
 
 1 6. 
 
 19. 
 
 IS- S 
 
 16.5 
 
 16. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 f ( Pruned 
 
 17. 
 
 17. c 
 
 IQ.S 
 
 14 => 
 
 18. 
 
 IS-S 
 
 20. 
 
 16.5 
 
 / Unpruned 
 
 17.5 
 
 15. 
 
 18.5 
 
 15. 
 
 18.5 
 
 14. 
 
 165 
 
 17. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 ' ( Pruned 
 
 17. 
 
 13. 
 
 17- 
 
 17. 
 
 14. 
 
 1 6. 
 
 IQ-S 
 
 15. 
 
 1 Unpruned ... 
 
 20. 
 
 IQ- 
 
 2O. 
 
 16. 
 
 20. 
 
 IQ- 
 
 20. 
 
 16.5 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 T- . , ( Pruned . 
 
 2QO S 
 
 260 
 
 2Q4. 
 
 268 
 
 286 5 
 
 262 
 
 2Q2 
 
 262. 
 
 lotal 1 TT , 
 Unpruned . 
 
 ^00. 
 
 *jf 
 
 2o6. 
 
 ^00. 
 
 272. c; 
 
 KX.S 
 
 274. 
 
 ^00. S 
 
 27"?. S 
 
i88 9 .] 
 
 FIELD EXPERIMENTS WITH CORN 1888. 
 
 TABLE SHOWING No. OF PLAT; KIND OF CULTIVATION; BUSHELS PER ACRE FROM 
 PRUNED AND FROM UNPRUNED Rows; AND DIFFERENCE. 
 
 
 
 2 
 
 T 
 
 Kind of cultivation. 
 
 Pruned. 
 Bushels 
 per acre. 
 
 ' Unpruned. 
 Bushels per 
 acre. 
 
 Difference 
 in favor 
 ofunpruned. 
 
 
 Hoed ordinary 
 
 02. "J 
 
 C&2 
 
 C.Q 
 
 
 None weeds removed by scraping surface 
 
 8c c 
 
 Q4..O 
 
 8 c 
 
 
 Shallow twice after tasseling . . . 
 
 O1 A 
 
 QC } 
 
 I Q 
 
 
 Deep twice after tasseling 
 
 %S,.2 
 
 86.6 
 
 I 4. 
 
 c 
 
 Shallow, ordinary 
 
 gl.O 
 
 07. 
 
 6.0 
 
 | 
 
 Deep, ordinary. . 
 
 8^? 2 
 
 87 
 
 }.8 
 
 y 
 
 Shallow, frequent. 
 
 9 2.8 
 
 QC C 
 
 2 7 
 
 g 
 
 Deep, frequent 
 
 8l. 2 
 
 86. Q 
 
 7.7 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 It is noticeable that while there was, on an average, only about four 
 bushels more corn produced on the unpruned than the pruned plats, in no 
 plat was the difference in favor of the pruned portion. It is interesting 
 to note, also, that the largest difference was, where it was to be expected, 
 in the plat whose soil was not otherwise disturbed, and that the next two 
 largest differences were in shallow cultivated plats; while the least differ- 
 ences were on those plats which had considerable subsequent cultivation. 
 While this experiment in no sense establishes that such root-pruning is 
 injurious, it may be proper to point out that there was considerable rain 
 during the period of cultivation, and a heavy rain the day following the 
 last pruning; so that the corn's power of recuperation from injury by 
 root-pruning, if such there was, must have been at its maximum. 
 
 Experiment No. 54. Corn, Root Growth. 
 
 In a study of the effect of deep and shallow cultivation and of root- 
 pruning on the growth of the corn plant, a knowledge of the number, 
 length, and position of corn roots is essential. To this end a few hills 
 were examined just as they were found growing in the field, by digging a 
 trench beside the hill and washing the vertical side with water. The par- 
 ticular object of the inquiry was to ascertain the number of the roots and 
 their depths at the points where they are likely to be disturbed by culti- 
 vation; what proportion of all the roots was sufficiently near the surface 
 to be so injured; and whether by root-pruning, three inches deep, as in 
 Experiment No. 10, enough roots would be cut, so that any considerable 
 effect should be expected therefrom. These investigations are as yet too 
 limited to allow any general conclusions, but they will form the basis of 
 future work in this line. 
 
 Only a portion of the roots, necessarily, could be traced by the 
 method used. Such delicate fibres as young corn roots are easily broken 
 in washing the dirt from them. 
 
 Four hills were examined. They grew on a black prairie loam, which 
 is one and one-half to two feet deep, and is underlaid with permeable 
 
Ti4 BULLETIN NO. 4. \_February, 
 
 yellow clay. The land had been fall-plowed about six inches deep, and 
 well prepared before planting with disk and common tooth harrows. 
 
 Hill I. Variety, early yellow dent; planted May loth; examined 
 June 5th, 26 days after planting; contained four plants. 
 
 Plant i, eleven inches high to top of leaf, had two whorls of roots 
 about one-half inch apart; upper whorl, ten roots; lower, five. The pri- 
 mary root had many rootlets. 
 
 Plant 2, nine inches high, had two whorls of roots about one-half 
 inch apart; upper whorl, three roots; lower, four. The primary root was 
 two inches below the surface of the soil at its base. It was traced 14 
 inches and then broken. The point of breaking was 10 inches in a hori- 
 zontal direction from the plant and 5 inches deep. At 6 inches from 
 plant it was 4 inches deep. The 14 inches of this root that was traced, 
 contained 100 or more rootlets. Many were one and one-half inches, a 
 few three inches, long. 
 
 Plant 3, nine inches high, had three whorls of roots; upper two 
 nearly together; upper whorl, four roots; middle, four; lower, five, 
 including primary root. 
 
 Plant 4, six inches high, had two whorls of roots; upper whorl, three 
 roots; lower, five, including primary root. The primary root was i^ 
 inches below the surface of the soil at its base. Its end was 13 inches 
 distant horizontally from base, and 5 inches deep. At 6 inches from its 
 base it was 2^/ 2 inches deep. 
 
 Hill 2. Variety, white dent; planted June 8th; examined June 2oth, 
 12 days after planting; contained three plants. 
 
 Plant i, five and one-half inches high, had two whorls of roots; 
 upper whorl was three- fourths of an inch below the surface, and had four 
 roots just starting; lower whorl was two and a half inches below surface 
 and had four roots. Two were 6 inches long and 4 inches deep at their 
 extremities and had many rootlets. /The primary root was 2^ inches 
 below surface at its base. It was 13 incrks long and 6 inches deep at its 
 extremity. At 6 inches frorn base it was 3^ inches from surface. It had 
 many rootlets. 
 
 Hill j. Variety, white dent; planted June ist; examined June 2oth, 
 20 days after planting; contained four plants. 
 
 Plant i, fifteen inches high, had two whorls of roots; upper whorl, 
 8 roots. A representative root on the upper whorl was r^ inches below 
 surface at its base, 8 inches long and 2 inches deep, at its extremity. The 
 lower whorl had two roots. The primary root was 3 inches below the 
 surface at its base; was broken at 4 inches, and at this point was 4 inches 
 deep. The secondary root of this whorl was traced 22 inches, where it 
 was broken. At its base it Avas 2^ inches deep; at 6 inches from its base, 
 3^2 inches deep; at 12 inches, 5 inches deep; and at 22 inches, 9 inches 
 deep. It had many rootlets. 
 
1889'] FIELD EXPERIMENTS WITH CORN 1888. 115 
 
 Plant 2, fourteen inches high, had two whorls of roots; upper whorl, 
 ten roots; and their bases were i^ inches below the surface of the soil. 
 One root on this whorl was 18 inches long. At 6 inches from its base it 
 was 2 inches deep. At its end it was 4^ inches deep. Another root was 
 traced 12 inches and broken. At 6 inches from its base it was 4^2 inches 
 deep, and at point of breaking it was 5^ inches deep. Another was 15 
 inches long. At 6 inches from its base it was 4 inches deep. Another was 
 7 inches long and 2 inches deep at its end. Another was 14 inches long. 
 For the first 8 inches it was ^ of an inch deep; at its end, i^ inches 
 deep. Another was 6 inches long; three others, 3^2 inches long. The 
 lower whorl had 6 roots, including the primary root. The primary root 
 and 4 others were broken 3 inches from theinbase. The remaining root 
 was traced 26^ inches and then broken. For the first 15 inches it was 
 2^/2 inches deep. It then took a downward direction, and at point of 
 breaking was 8 inches deep. 
 
 Hill 4. Variety, white dent; planted May 26th; examined June 2ist, 
 26 days after planting; had four plants 20 to 22 inches high. 
 
 At the circumference of a half circle, with the hill for the center and 
 a radius of six inches, were found 10 important roots, between 3 and 4 
 inches deep on an average rather nearer 3 than 4 inches deep. 
 
 Plant i, had two whorls of roots; upper whorl, 9 roots; five averaged 
 3 inches long. One was broken at 13 inches from the base. At 6 inches 
 from its base it was 3^ inches deep. The lower whorl had 3 roots, includ- 
 ing primary root. The primary root was traced 10 inches and broken. 
 Apparently, it was not much longer. One of the secondary roots was 2^ 
 inches deep, and the other 10 inches long. 
 
 Plant 2, had two whorls of roots; upper whorl, 9 roots, mostly i to 
 6 inches long, although some were broken at 6 inches; lower whorl, 5 
 roots, including primary root. The primary root was traced 35 inches 
 and then broken, apparently very near its end. At its base it was 2 
 inches deep, at 6 inches from base, 3^ inches deep; at 25 inches, 13 
 inches deep. It then went down vertically 10 inches. It had many 
 rootlets, 6 or more inches long, some of which came very near to the 
 surface. 
 
 Summary. Nine plants, which averaged 12 inches high to tip of leaves', 
 had altogether 94 roots, or an average of over 10 apiece. The longest 
 root traced was 35 inches long, the plant being 22 inches high. A plant 
 ^/z inches high had a root 13 inches long. Twenty-four roots were 
 examined (some did not belong to the plants mentioned, but to others in 
 the same hill) at 6 inches from their base. One was 4^ inches deep; 
 five, 4 inches deep; twelve, 3}^ inches deep; one, 2^ inches deep; four, 
 2 inches deep; and one ^ of an inch deep at this distance from base of 
 root. Three-fourths of the roots, therefore, would not have been broken 
 by root-pruning or cultivating three inches deep; but all but one would 
 have been, at four inches deep. 
 
u6 
 
 BULLETIN NO. 4. 
 
 \_February, 
 
 Experiment No. 1 1. Corn, Effect of Fertilizers. 
 
 This experiment was conducted to determine on a somewhat extended 
 area the comparative effect of some of the commoner forms of commer- 
 cial fertilizers, hog tankage, and stable manure, on land of only medium 
 quality on which corn had been raised two years successively. 
 
 Ten plats, 2 x 76 rods, were treated with fertilizers as follows: 
 TABLE SHOWING NAME AND AMOUNT OF FERTILIZERS USED. 
 
 Plat. 
 
 Fertilizers. 
 
 Quantity. 
 
 {Laboratory 
 number. 
 
 I 
 
 Stable manure, mixed 
 
 *3<3 loads 
 
 
 2 
 
 None 
 
 
 
 I 
 
 Stable manure 
 
 *3O loads 
 
 
 
 Hog tankage 
 
 Ho Ib 
 
 14. 
 
 e 
 
 Muriate of potash 
 
 loo Ib. 
 
 IO 
 
 6 
 
 7 
 
 Hog tankage and muriate of potash .... 
 Dissolved bone-black 
 
 iSSolb. . 
 ( loo Ib. . 
 300 Ib. 
 
 14 
 10 
 12 * 
 
 8 
 
 Sulphate of ammonia 
 
 125 Ib. 
 
 Q 
 
 Q-IO 
 
 None 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 The land was uneven, being high in some places and low in others. 
 The high and low places were distributed somewhat, though not alto- 
 gether, regularly throughout the different plats. 
 
 The stable manure, which was applied before the land was plowed, 
 was a mixture of horse and cattle manure, combined with the usual litter. 
 It was spread on plat i, April i8th to 2ist, and on plat 3, May i4th to 
 May i8th. The commercial fertilizers were sown broadcast on the 
 plowed land May i8th and ipth. May 7th to ipth, the land was plowed 
 about five inches deep. May igth, the plats were harrowed and planted 
 with check-rower to Champaign dent corn. December yth, row 10 and 
 part of row 9 was husked and corn weighed. December lyth to January 
 ist, 1889, rows i to 8 were husked in reverse order. The corn of each shock 
 in rows i to 8 was weighed separately, and the number of ears was ascer- 
 tained. During the period of husking and weighing the weather was not 
 altogether favorable. It was the endeavor to weigh the corn and stover 
 under as nearly similar conditions as possible; but it is believed that the 
 stover of rows i to 6 was damper than on rows 7 to 10. 
 
 The weight and number of ears from each shock in rows 1-8 are 
 given in detail on pages 117 and 118. 
 
 As will be seen by an inspection of the table on the next page, the 
 average yield per acre and the difference in yield of corn was no greater 
 on plats treated with commercial fertilizers than that of those having no 
 manure. It may be concluded, therefore, that the commercial fertilizers 
 produced no appreciable increase in yield. The two plats treated with 
 
 * Approximately. 
 
 t For analyses of fertilizers, see Experiment No. 24. 
 
i88 9 .] 
 
 FIELD EXPERIMENTS WITH CORN 1888. 
 
 117 
 
 stable manure, however, each gave larger yields than any of the other 
 plats, on an average n bushels larger. This is not a very marked 
 increase. Indeed, the manure could not be considered a profitable 
 investment in this case, were it not for the surplus fertility left in the soil 
 for next year, it being not at all improbable that a more marked increase 
 will be noticed another year. 
 
 The plats were directly adjacent, no space being left between them; 
 and as some of the roots of two rows, or two- ninths of ptat 2, would come 
 in direct contact with the fertilized soil of plats i and 3, it is not at all 
 improbable that the yield on plat 2 was thereby increased. This is, also, 
 probably, indicated by the weight of 100 ears, in the five plats treated 
 with commercial fertilizers the average weight of 100 ears was 50^ 
 pounds; on the two plats treated with stable manure, 58^ pounds; while 
 on plat 2, 100 ears weighed 56 pounds. 
 
 The yield of stover was increased on the plats treated with stable 
 manure in about the same proportion, apparently, as the yield of corn. 
 The figures given in the table make the increase of stover in these plats 
 21 per cent., and the increase of corn, 18 per cent. The stover on 
 plats i-io was unquestionably dryer, especially on plats 9 and 10, than 
 the other plats, thus introducing an error of unknown extent. 
 
 The following table gives a summary of the results: 
 
 TABLE SHOWING FERTILIZER USED, YIELD OF CORN PER PLAT AND PER ACRE; AND 
 WEIGHT OF 100 SELECTED EARS. 
 
 Plat. 
 
 Fertilizers. 
 
 M 
 
 P 
 
 P 
 
 3 
 o 2. 
 o ro 
 
 3 Z 
 
 n 
 p 
 i 
 
 
 
 o 
 
 "*> 
 tfl 
 
 o" 
 
 (D 
 ^1 
 
 Av. wt. rooears 
 
 Per acre. 
 
 W 
 
 p 
 
 P 
 
 C/3 
 
 c 
 
 o 
 
 1 
 
 *3 
 o 2. 
 3 w 
 ? 
 
 o 
 
 i 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 6 
 
 8 
 
 9 
 10 
 
 Stable manure 
 
 7,493 
 7,422 
 7,610 
 7,183 
 7,068 
 7,021 
 
 7 '2 9 2 
 7,656 
 
 4,446 
 4,173 
 4,404 
 3,628 
 
 3,454 
 3-551 
 3,682 
 4,014 
 
 3,465 
 4,040 
 
 3,080 
 2,790 
 
 3,295 i 
 2,805 
 2,76O 
 2,530 
 
 2,555 
 2,710 
 2.320 
 2,435 
 
 59 
 56 
 58 
 51 
 49 
 51 
 50 
 52 
 
 7,887 
 7,8i3 
 8,010 
 
 7,558 
 7,440 
 
 7,39 
 7,788 
 8,059 
 
 7' 
 
 66 
 70 
 58 
 55. 
 56 
 59 
 64 
 55 
 64 
 
 3,242 
 
 2,937 
 3,468 
 
 2,953 
 2,905 
 2,663 
 2,690 
 2,853 
 2,444 
 2,563 
 
 None 
 
 Stable manure 
 
 Hog tankage 
 
 Muriate of potash 
 
 Hog tankage and muriate of potash. . 
 Dissolved bone-black 
 
 Sulphate of ammonia 
 
 None 
 None 
 
 6 
 
n8 
 
 BULLETIN NO. 4. 
 
 [February, 
 
 TABLE SHOWING NUMBER OF EARS PER SHOCK, EACH CONTAINING 8r HILLS FOR 
 
 EACH PLAT. 
 
 No. of 
 shock. 
 
 Plat I. 
 
 Plat 2. 
 
 Plat 3. 
 
 Plat 4." 
 
 Plat 5. 
 
 Plat 6. 
 
 Plat 7. 
 
 Plat 8. 
 
 I 
 
 187 
 
 190 
 
 218 
 
 218 
 
 235 
 
 180 
 
 195 
 
 208. 
 
 2 
 
 214 
 
 211 
 
 187 
 
 219 
 
 202 ' 
 
 208 
 
 220 
 
 215 
 
 3 
 
 
 196 
 
 202 
 
 196 
 
 194 
 
 235 
 
 216 
 
 210 
 
 4 
 
 185 
 
 212 
 
 219 
 
 lc,6 
 
 202 
 
 199 
 
 208 
 
 211 
 
 5 
 
 212 
 
 184 
 
 210 
 
 215 
 
 193 
 
 195 
 
 2IO 
 
 201 
 
 6 
 
 208 
 
 2OI 
 
 200 
 
 184 
 
 203 
 
 1 88 
 
 195 
 
 2IO 
 
 7 
 
 216 
 
 193 
 
 2IO 
 
 i7t 
 
 2IO 
 
 200 
 
 194 
 
 I 9 7 
 
 8 
 
 222 
 
 
 2O7 
 
 182 
 
 2O2 
 
 211 
 
 2O2 
 
 218 
 
 9 
 
 2I 7 
 
 181. 
 
 203 
 
 193 
 
 1 7 6 
 
 I 97 
 
 2O5 
 
 215 
 
 10 
 
 204 
 
 197 
 
 182 
 
 220 
 
 202 
 
 203 
 
 175 
 
 2OI 
 
 n 
 
 igl 
 
 187 
 
 198 
 
 182 
 
 2l8 221 
 
 2OO 
 
 2OO 
 
 12 
 
 2OO 
 
 202 
 
 2IO 
 
 191 
 
 203 
 
 1 88 
 
 172 
 
 I 9 7 
 
 13 
 
 205 
 
 198 
 
 185 
 
 193 
 
 2OO 
 
 209 
 
 1 86 
 
 I 9 4 
 
 14 
 
 211 
 
 199 
 
 2O6 
 
 191 
 
 I8 7 
 
 191 
 
 208 
 
 201 
 
 
 212 
 
 212 
 
 216 
 
 203 
 
 X 95 
 
 205 
 
 '93 
 
 198 
 
 16 
 
 221 
 
 207 
 
 215 
 
 211 
 
 159 
 
 161 
 
 198 
 
 230 
 
 17 
 
 223 
 
 20O 
 
 184 
 
 189 
 
 158 
 
 170 
 
 200 
 
 217 
 
 18 
 
 218 
 
 221 
 
 193 
 
 119 
 
 126 
 
 129 
 
 213 
 
 I 99 
 
 19 
 
 207 
 
 215 
 
 212 
 
 195 
 
 165 
 
 146 
 
 167 
 
 2OS 
 
 20 
 
 182 
 
 I 9 7 
 
 219 
 
 I 97 
 
 192 
 
 164 
 
 185 
 
 2O6 
 
 21 
 
 I 9 8 
 
 
 218 
 
 217 
 
 190 
 
 175 
 
 183 
 
 223 
 
 22 
 
 I8 4 
 
 195 
 
 211 
 
 210 
 
 199 
 
 211 
 
 202 
 
 2IO 
 
 23 
 
 IgO 
 
 200 
 
 212 
 
 2O6 
 
 217 
 
 2O4 
 
 197 
 
 213 
 
 2 4 
 
 187 
 
 212 
 
 222 
 
 193 
 
 193 
 
 196 
 
 208 
 
 2O7 
 
 25 
 
 2OO 
 
 210 
 
 2OO 
 
 198 
 
 190 
 
 204 
 
 211 
 
 217 
 
 26 
 
 171 
 
 209 
 
 212 
 
 203 
 
 214 
 
 I 9 7 
 
 2OO 
 
 199 
 
 2 7 
 
 181 
 
 196 
 
 245 
 
 211 
 
 172 
 
 199 
 
 .278 
 
 200 
 
 28 
 
 184 
 
 208 
 
 203 
 
 189 
 
 189 
 
 171 
 
 208 
 
 I 9 9 
 
 2 9 
 
 171 
 
 182 
 
 194 
 
 2I 3 
 
 207 
 
 215 
 
 IgO 
 
 193 
 
 3 
 
 174 
 
 I 7 8 
 
 2O7 
 
 219 
 
 205 
 
 I 7 6 
 
 215 
 
 211 
 
 
 185 
 
 1 86 
 
 2OO 
 
 211 
 
 197 
 
 192 
 
 1 88 
 
 185 
 
 32 
 
 164 
 
 172 
 
 169 
 
 138 
 
 167 
 
 174 
 
 188 
 
 195 
 
 33 
 
 174 
 
 155 
 
 1 60 
 
 145 
 
 169 
 
 1 68 
 
 161 
 
 1 66 
 
 34 
 
 1 80 
 
 59 
 
 177 
 
 155 
 
 15 
 
 155 
 
 1 60 
 
 177 
 
 35 
 
 188 
 
 167 
 
 175 
 
 141 
 
 118 
 
 114 
 
 153 
 
 174 
 
 36 
 
 189 
 
 185 
 
 I 79 
 
 129 
 
 137 
 
 150 
 
 165 
 
 162 
 
 37 
 
 205 
 
 171 
 
 
 173 
 
 162 
 
 163 
 
 170 
 
 197 
 
 38 
 
 222 
 
 247 
 
 SB 
 
 167 
 
 170 
 
 151 
 
 1 80 
 
 195 
 
 Sum. 
 
 7-493 
 
 7,422 
 
 7,610 
 
 7,183 
 
 7,068 
 
 7,021 
 
 7-399 
 
 7,656 
 
rS8 9 .] 
 
 FIELD EXPERIMENTS WITH CORN 1888. 
 
 TABLE SHOWING WEIGHT OF EAR CORN PER SHOCK, EACH CONTAINING 81 HILLS, 
 
 FOR EACH PLAT. 
 
 No. of 
 shock. 
 
 Plat I. 
 
 Plat 2. 
 
 Plat 3. 
 
 Plat 4. 
 
 Plat 5. 
 
 Plat 6. 
 
 Plat 7. 
 
 Plat 8. 
 
 I 
 
 "35 
 
 "4-5 
 
 12925 
 
 122.75 
 
 139.25 
 
 98 
 
 108.25 
 
 in 
 
 2 
 
 126.25 
 
 "9-5 
 
 123 
 
 125 
 
 125-5 
 
 in 
 
 112.75 
 
 120.5 
 
 3 
 
 121.75 
 
 110.5 
 
 123-5 
 
 "5 
 
 "5-75 
 
 126 5 
 
 116.75 
 
 "9 
 
 4 
 
 "3 
 
 123.75 
 
 132 
 
 "4 
 
 "9-75 
 
 10475 
 
 "7 
 
 127 
 
 5 
 
 123-75 
 
 in 
 
 125.5, 
 
 118.75 
 
 127-5 
 
 "3 
 
 leg 
 
 112.5 
 
 6 
 
 123-75 
 
 124 
 
 117 
 
 105-5 
 
 119.25 
 
 106 
 
 91.25 
 
 116 
 
 7 
 
 118 
 
 "5 
 
 117 
 
 845 
 
 112 
 
 100 
 
 98 
 
 "3-5 
 
 8 
 
 124 
 
 1 08 
 
 112.5 
 
 89 
 
 lOg 
 
 105 
 
 101.75 
 
 "7 
 
 9 
 
 125-5 
 
 96.75 
 
 106.5 
 
 83 
 
 87-75 
 
 102 
 
 105 
 
 118.5 
 
 10 
 
 5 
 
 102.5 
 
 102.25 
 
 98.75 
 
 1095 
 
 "5 
 
 90-25 
 
 108.5 
 
 ii 
 
 i5 
 
 93 
 
 111.25 
 
 97-5 
 
 126-75 
 
 121 
 
 9925 
 
 102 
 
 12 
 
 112.5 
 
 105-5 
 
 121.5 
 
 103.25 
 
 II6.5 
 
 104-5 
 
 93-5 
 
 102 
 
 13 
 
 117 
 
 108 
 
 108.5 
 
 101.5 
 
 "3-5 
 
 if 6 
 
 98.75 
 
 95 
 
 14 
 
 123 
 
 "5-75 
 
 122.5 
 
 98-5 
 
 100 
 
 107 
 
 108.25 
 
 1 02 
 
 15 
 
 129 
 
 120.5 
 
 128 
 
 107 
 
 106.25 
 
 "3-25 
 
 102.25 
 
 98-5 
 
 16 
 
 136-5 
 
 1 20 
 
 I3I-75 
 
 121.5 
 
 82.5 
 
 80.75 
 
 102.75 
 
 "7 
 
 17 
 
 138 
 
 124.5 
 
 116 
 
 100.5 
 
 66 
 
 77-75 
 
 98.25 
 
 114.25 
 
 18 
 
 133 
 
 130 
 
 112.25 
 
 50.5 
 
 53 
 
 52-50 
 
 1 06 
 
 96 
 
 J9 
 
 127-5 
 
 127-5 
 
 123 
 
 945 
 
 87 
 
 -6950 
 
 87.5 
 
 IOO 
 
 20 
 
 no 
 
 168.25 
 
 124.75 
 
 9 
 
 101.25 
 
 80 
 
 93-5 
 
 109 
 
 21 
 
 109 
 
 109.5 
 
 125-25 
 
 105 
 
 1 02 
 
 87 
 
 895 
 
 "7-5 
 
 22 
 
 no 
 
 116 
 
 120.25 
 
 no 
 
 112.25 
 
 ' 10.5 
 
 107-5 
 
 "7 
 
 23 
 
 109 
 
 , 123 
 
 126 
 
 106 
 
 121.75 
 
 103-75 
 
 1 08 
 
 118.25 
 
 24 
 
 108 
 
 125-25 
 
 130.75 
 
 103-75 
 
 111.5 
 
 103 
 
 109.25 
 
 io5-5 
 
 25 
 
 125.5 
 
 124-5 
 
 116.25 
 
 94-75 
 
 105-5 
 
 104 
 
 104.25 
 
 105-5 
 
 26 
 
 107 
 
 121 
 
 122.25 
 
 i5-75 
 
 116 
 
 105-5 
 
 104.5 
 
 IOO 
 
 27 
 
 112 
 
 III 
 
 139-75 
 
 109.75 
 
 99 
 
 100.5 
 
 141.25 
 
 103 
 
 28 
 
 109 
 
 114 
 
 "75 
 
 98.75 
 
 105-5 
 
 84 
 
 1 08 
 
 106.5 
 
 2 9 
 
 1 06 
 
 97 
 
 "5-5 
 
 104 
 
 "5 
 
 104.5 
 
 100.5 
 
 103.75 
 
 30 
 
 102 
 
 96 
 
 125-5 
 
 "4-75 
 
 112 
 
 91-5 
 
 118.25 
 
 no 
 
 31 
 
 107 
 
 97-75 
 
 118.25 
 
 102.25 
 
 IOI-5 
 
 IOO 
 
 110.5 
 
 105-5 
 
 32 
 
 945 
 
 93-5 
 
 98.75 
 
 59 
 
 89-75 
 
 7975 
 
 97-25 
 
 109 
 
 33 
 
 98 
 
 74.75 
 
 86.5 
 
 54 
 
 77-75 
 
 75-5 
 
 8i-75 
 
 9-5 
 
 34 
 
 114.5 
 
 81.5 
 
 93-5 
 
 66.75 
 
 86.25 
 
 59 
 
 66 
 
 87 
 
 35 
 
 "5-25 
 
 475 
 
 96.75 
 
 65 75 
 
 52-25 
 
 45 
 
 60.5 
 
 76 ' 
 
 36 
 
 118.5 
 
 92.25 
 
 96-5 
 
 55-5 
 
 66.5 
 
 57-5 
 
 68.5 
 
 76.75 
 
 37 
 
 127.25 
 
 95-25 
 
 103.25 
 
 74 
 
 75 
 
 67 
 
 79 
 
 88.5 
 
 3 
 
 137 
 
 140 
 
 8325 
 
 76.25 
 
 80 
 
 695 
 
 4 
 
 94.25 
 
 Sum. 
 
 4.445-5 
 
 4,172-5 
 
 440375 
 
 3,628 
 
 3,853.5 
 
 3,55i 
 
 3,681.5 
 
 4,013.75 
 
 Experiment No. 24.. Comparison of Fertilizers as used with Corn. 
 
 This experiment consists of a comparison of a few of the common 
 forms of commercial fertilizers together with hog and cattle tankage and 
 stable manure. The hog and cattle tankage was prepared from the refuse 
 of the slaughter houses of Chicago, and it is obvious that the profitable 
 use of these materials would be a matter of wide economic importance. 
 
 Twelve plats, each 9 by 35 hills, or, approximately, i-io acre, were 
 used. The preparation of the seed-bed and the planting of the corn, May 
 5th, was in every way the same as described in Experiment No. 8. 
 
 The r^able manure was applied the day before the land was plowed. 
 The othc/ fertilizers were applied about the hills of corn and mixed with 
 the soil with a hoe nine days after the corn was planted and about two 
 days after it was up. 
 
I2O 
 
 BULLETIN NO. 4. 
 
 [February, 
 
 TABLE SHOWING POUNDS OF FERTILIZER PER ACRE; OF PHOSPHORIC ACID, SOLUBLE 
 AND REVERTED; OF NITROGEN; OF AMMONIA EQUIVALENT OF NITROGEN; AND 
 OF POTASH.* 
 
 * 
 o 
 
 
 
 *o 
 
 p" 
 
 Laboratory No. of 
 fertilizer. 
 
 Name of fertilizer. 
 
 n 
 
 N' 
 m 
 
 B 
 en 
 ft 
 Oi 
 
 g 
 
 E. 
 
 si 
 EI 
 
 -a 
 o 
 o* 
 
 
 
 Soluble phosphoric 
 acid. 
 
 frt 
 
 2. ii 
 
 p 
 
 0_T3 
 
 Nitrogen. 
 
 Ammonia equiva- 
 lent to nitrogen. 
 
 O 
 
 I 
 
 4 
 
 Stable manure 
 
 40, 2 CO 
 
 177 
 
 
 
 200 
 
 
 141 
 
 2 
 
 
 Hog tankage 
 
 J CQ 
 
 c-j 
 
 
 18 
 
 I 7 
 
 
 
 3 
 
 IO 
 
 Muriate of potash 
 
 IOO 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 c? 
 
 
 
 Hog tankage 
 
 7, CO 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 4 
 
 ) 10 
 
 Muriate of potash 
 
 IOO 
 
 53 
 
 
 18 
 
 '7 
 
 20 
 
 53 
 
 5 
 
 
 None 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 6 
 
 17 
 
 Cattle tankage 
 
 2OO 
 
 C4 
 
 
 
 12 
 
 
 
 7 
 
 ? 
 
 Bone meal 
 
 2OO 
 
 62 
 
 
 12 
 
 8 
 
 
 
 8 
 
 o 
 
 5 
 
 12 
 
 Glue factory superphosphate 
 Dissolved bone-black .. . 
 
 4OO 
 7.OO 
 
 79 
 62 
 
 IO 
 
 60 
 
 37 
 
 U 
 
 IO 
 
 I? 
 
 12 
 
 .... 
 
 TO 
 
 
 None. : 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 IT 
 
 _ 
 
 Sulphate of ammonia .. 
 
 I2C 
 
 
 
 
 25 2 
 
 7.2 
 
 
 12 
 
 8 
 
 Ni :rate of soda 
 
 1 60 
 
 
 
 
 
 248 
 
 31 
 
 
 TABLE SHOWING PARTIAL ANALYSIS OF FERTILIZERS USED. 
 
 Laboratory No. 
 
 Name of fertilizer. 
 
 Total phosphoric 
 acid. 
 
 Soluble phosphoric 
 acid. 
 
 90 
 
 *a ft 
 
 "'I, 
 P 
 
 o 
 
 n 
 
 3 
 
 Equivalent to 
 ammonia. 
 
 
 p 
 s 1 
 
 Moisture. 
 
 IO 
 
 Muriate of potash-. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 =52.98 
 
 0.78 
 
 
 Sulphate of ammonia 
 
 
 
 
 21 OO 
 
 25.50 
 
 
 
 g 
 
 Nitrate of soda 
 
 
 
 
 
 19 06 
 
 
 
 4 
 14 
 
 Stable manure 
 Hog tankage . . . 
 
 0.34 
 1C. 06 
 
 
 
 
 o 52 
 4 76 
 
 063 
 
 c.78 
 
 o-35 
 0.56 
 
 74-4 
 
 
 Cattle tankage 
 
 26.86 
 
 
 6.77 
 
 5 60 
 
 6 80 
 
 -73 
 
 
 12 
 
 Dissolved bone-black .... 
 
 20. 7 C 
 
 20.24. 
 
 
 7.76 
 
 4 08 
 
 
 
 5 
 
 7 
 
 Glue factory superphosphate 
 Bone meal 
 
 19.69 
 30.76 
 
 2.52 
 
 9.65 
 C.nC 
 
 3.22 
 3.78 
 
 3-91 
 
 4. Co 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 The plats were cultivated five times between May 26th and June 26th 
 with a shallow cultivator. Two cultivators were used at different times, 
 the Tower Surface Cultivator, manufactured by J. D. Tower & Bros., 
 Mendota, Illinois; and the Bash Surface Cultivator, manufactured by the 
 Sandwich Enterprise Co., Sandwich, Illinois, either of which, when prop- 
 erly handled, did satisfactory work. June 2ist to 22d, the plats were hoed 
 to remove weeds about the hill. 
 
 No difference was observable in date of tasseling, date of maturity, 
 or in vigor of growth at any time that could be attributed with certainty 
 to any of the fertilizers applied. October 2oth, the corn was husked on 
 each plat, thrown on the ground, that on plats i to 7 weighed, and 78 pounds 
 
 *Ar.alyses were made by Bedros Tatarian, under the direction of the Station Chemist. 
 
i88 9 .] 
 
 FIELD EXPERIMENTS WITH CORN 1 888. 
 
 121 
 
 of corn were taken for sample. October 24th, the corn from plats 8 to 12 
 was weighed and 80 pounds were taken for a sample. November i4th, 
 the yS-pound sample, which was taken October 2oth, weighed 76 pounds 
 and yielded 63.75 pounds of shelled corn. The 8o-pound sample, taken 
 October 24th, weighed 75 pounds and yielded 62.5 pounds. The differ- 
 ence in the percentage of dry corn between the two samples was due to 
 a rain which occurred between the weighing of plats i to 7 and plats 8 
 to 12. 
 
 The following table gives the weight in pounds of ear corn and 
 shelled corn per plat, pounds of ear corn per bushel, and bushels per 
 acre, for each plat: 
 
 TABLE SHOWING NUMBER OF PLAT; FERTILIZER; POUNDS EAR CORN PER PLAT AND 
 PER BUSHEL; POUNDS SHELLED CORN PER PLAT; AND BUSHELS PER ACRE. 
 
 Plat. 
 
 Name of fertilizer. 
 
 Lb. ear 
 corn per 
 plat. 
 
 Lb. ear 
 corn per 
 bushel. 
 
 Lb. sh'l'd 
 corn per 
 plat. 
 
 Bushels 
 per acre. 
 
 I 
 
 Stable manure 
 
 6 so 
 
 60 
 
 S27 
 
 q6.7 
 
 2 
 
 Hog tankage 
 
 66s 
 
 , y 
 60 
 
 S'U) 
 
 qq. I 
 
 7 
 
 Muriate of potash 
 
 665 
 
 6q 
 
 S^q 
 
 qq.l 
 
 
 \ Hog tankage 
 
 
 
 
 
 4 
 
 ) Muriate of potash 
 
 665 
 
 69 
 
 539 
 
 991 
 
 5 
 
 None 
 
 66? 
 
 60 
 
 S^q 
 
 qq I 
 
 6 
 
 Cattle tankage 
 
 64 s 
 
 6q 
 
 $22 
 
 q6.O 
 
 7 
 
 Bone meal 
 
 wq.j 
 
 635 
 
 6q 
 
 SI4 
 
 q4 S 
 
 8 
 
 Glue factory superphosphate . 
 Dissolved bone-black 
 
 660 
 660 
 
 72 
 
 72 
 
 5'5 
 
 SIS 
 
 947 
 
 q4-7 
 
 10 
 
 None 
 
 655 
 
 72 
 
 511 
 
 93 -9 
 
 ii 
 
 Sulphate of ammonia 
 
 621; 
 
 72 
 
 488 
 
 8q.7 
 
 12 
 
 Nitrate of soda 
 
 6 
 
 72 
 
 en 
 
 Q7.Q 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Nothing can be more conclusive than that there were no results 
 obtained in this experiment which could with any certainty be attributed 
 to the effect of the fertilizers. This simply indicates that this season this 
 land, which was freshly broken clover sod of good natural fertility, did 
 not require any of these fertilizers to put it into a condition to raise a max- 
 imum crop. Stable manure is unquestionably a valuable fertilizer for 
 corn on ordinary land in ordinary seasons, yet on this land for this season 
 no beneficial result was obtained by its use. 
 
 GENERAL CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTIONS. 
 
 The following statements are suggested in part by the experiments 
 reported in this bulletin and, in part, by those tried in the previous years, 
 and by experience in ordinary field culture of corn. 
 
 VARIETIES. 
 
 The hundreds of varieties of dent corn may be classified* in a small 
 number of groups, so that those included in each will closely resemble 
 each other as closely as different families in a breed of animals. Many 
 varieties, so called, are practically identical. The same variety is fre- 
 
122 BULLETIN NO. 4. [February, 
 
 quently known by several names in different localities; while distinct 
 varieties often have the same name. 
 
 Most of even the best established varieties lack exact uniformity in 
 somewhat important characteristics. Stalks or ears grown in the same 
 hill may differ materially in size, form, or time of maturity. Persistent 
 selection of seed with reference to the possession of desired qualities is 
 essential to establishing or maintaining these in any variety.. 
 
 Cross-fertilization often occurs when two varieties are grown near 
 each other. The effects may not be noticed until subsequent years, if the 
 varieties are much alike. If unlike in color, the effects of cross-fertiliza- 
 tion may be seen in the corn first produced by such crossing. 
 
 Climate, soil, and cultivation have much influence in determining the 
 characteristics of varieties. But permanent alteration of the qualities of 
 any variety through these means is slowly accomplished, especially if not 
 accompanied with selection of seed. An unfavorable season, poor soil, 
 or poor cultivation may greatly affect the crop of a given year; but seed 
 so produced will, under favorable conditions, produce corn not to be 
 distinguished from the original. 
 
 Color, either of kernels or cobs, although among the most obvious 
 of the characteristics distinguishing varieties, is of little importance in 
 determining value. Uniformity of color is desirable for the sake of 
 appearance. In some markets corn of one color will sell better than that 
 of another; but there is no good reason to believe that either yield, weight, 
 or feeding value depends on color. * There are good and poor varieties of 
 each color. 
 
 Neither is there sufficient reason to believe that the value of a variety 
 is materially affected by the roughness or smoothness of the kernels, 
 except that smooth-kerneled varieties are more easily handled. 
 
 No one variety possesses all desirable qualities in the highest degree. 
 Extraordinary development of any one good characteristic is usually 
 accompanied by some defect. Thus, in northern latitudes, early ripening 
 is important; but no remarkably early maturing variety is so productive 
 as some later ripening kinds. \Ve have found no variety especially 
 remarkable for either very great or very small size of stalk, ear, cob, or 
 kernel that was, as a whole, equally valuable with varieties less notice- 
 able in any one of these points. 
 
 For the soil and climate of the University farms, or central Illinois 
 generally, the varieties we have preferred are those with moderately low, 
 fairly thick, short-jointed stalks, producing ears low on the stalks, on 
 short shanks; the ears from eight to ten inches long, about two and a half 
 inches thick, nearly uniform in size until near the tip, which should be 
 well covered with kernels; the cob, of medium thickness; the kernels, 
 thick rather than thin; smooth rather than rough; somewhat wedge- 
 shaped and* showing hardly any open space between the rows, of 
 which there may be fourteen to twenty. In connection with varieties of 
 this type, we have planted annually about one-fourth of the total acreage 
 
1889-] FIELD EXPERIMENTS WITH CORN 1888. 123 
 
 in corn to early maturing varieties, characterized by smaller stalks and 
 ears, and not giving, usually, so large a yield, but valued because earlier 
 fit for use, and because of adaptation to late planting when this is neces- 
 sary from any cause. 
 
 Tests of large numbers of varieties and examination of many others 
 show that there are varieties of much merit in almost all the great corn- 
 producing districts of the country. The praise of new varieties, as intro- 
 duced by seedsmen, is often far beyond their merits. While the trial of 
 new varieties is wise, and while the difference between large and small 
 crops is often in a great measure due to the use of good or poor varieties, 
 it is not wise to discard a well tested and satisfactory variety for one 
 untried. It is rarely safe to rely on seed of a variety which has been long 
 cultivated in a latitude much north or south of that in which you propose 
 to grow it; although the early maturing kinds from the south may do well 
 as standard sorts in the north, or the standard varieties of the north prove 
 valuable for especially early crops farther south. 
 
 IMPROVEMENT OF VARIETIES. 
 
 Many popular varieties of corn are the result of purposed or acci- 
 dental crossing of distinct varieties. Others are the result of continued 
 selection with reference to one or more desired qualities. In our expe- 
 rience, it is not proved that varieties tend to deteriorate if kept pure, or 
 that cross-fertilization is necessarily or, probably, a benefit. 
 
 Generally speaking, with a careful selection of the seed, a variety 
 adapted to the soil and climate will, at least, maintain its good qualities 
 if given good culture. If not well adapted to the surroundings, yet able 
 to mature seed, it may be gradually improved by selection. 
 
 Barren stalks or those producing imperfect ears often seriously 
 reduce the yield of corn. The percentage of such stalks is often greater 
 than is supposed. The number of such stalks is increased by unfavorable 
 seasons or too thick planting; but it is believed varieties differ consider- 
 ably in their tendency to produce such stalks. 
 
 The actual and relative size of the ears and the tendency to produce 
 more than one ear on a stalk are increased by comparatively thin plant- 
 ing. Dent varieties usually produce not more than one good ear on a 
 stalk. The tendency to this limitation of number has been increased by 
 the common methods of selecting seed choosing the largest ears, which 
 are almost invariably borne singly. Some varieties have quite well 
 fixed the habit of producing several ears on most stalks. It is con- 
 ceivable that a stalk should produce an ear on every joint. It is 
 believed entirely possible to increase the productiveness of many vari- 
 eties by cultivating the tendency to have two ears on each stalk. When 
 the corn is to be fed to cattle without husking and shelling, there 
 would be some advantage in having two moderately sized ears instead 
 of one. For ordinary use, one large ear is to be preferred to two 
 small ones. 
 
124 BULLETIN NO. 4. [February, 
 
 The plan of setting aside plats for the production of corn for seed, 
 has important advantages. On these the best seed may be planted. 
 Stalks which do not produce ears may be cut away or have their tassels 
 removed before the silks have been fertilized, and the most desirable seed 
 can be selected with little inconvenience, the character of the stalks and 
 degree of maturity being taken into consideration as well as the size and 
 shape of the ears. In such plats the attempts to fix the habit of twin or 
 triple ear-bearing may be best made. Noticeable results are not to be 
 expected until after some years. Color seems to be more easily modified 
 or fixed than more important qualities. 
 
 SOIL PREPARATION AND FERTILIZATION. 
 
 The dark colored prairie soils of Illinois, comparatively loose text- 
 ured and porous to a considerable depth, and generally possessing a 
 good store of available plant food, are unusually well adapted to corn. 
 In many cases fair crops are produced after a series of years of continuous 
 growing corn without manures. One plat on the University farms after 12 
 years of such cultivation continues to give profitable crops, although 
 noticeably less than from manured lands. . 
 
 Ordinarily fall-plowing is preferable. Generally the yield is some- 
 what larger, and, at the least, there is less danger of late planting being 
 made'necessary by unfavorable weather early in the spring. Planting on 
 the freshly plowed ground in the spring is often preferable to planting on 
 fall plowed land which has not been cultivated in the spring. No trial of 
 any form of commercial fertilizers has yet proved profitable on the Uni- 
 versity farms, when applied to corn ground in fair condition. In some 
 cases increase in crop has resulted; in no case has the increase repaid the 
 cost of the fertilizer and application. 
 
 The application of barn-yard manure has almost always produced 
 an increased crop, not always sufficient to repay the cost. In the very 
 dry season of 1887, the smallest yield of corn on our farms was from a 
 plat to which stable manure had been applied in the spring, as had been 
 done annually for ten years. 
 
 Usually the crop from sod land, grass and clover, has equalled that 
 from the manured land. No decrease has been noticed in any case in the 
 crop the second year after grass or clovers. Some diminution has been 
 noticed when corn his been grown three years in succession. A rota- 
 tion of crops here, three years in grass and clover, two years in corn, 
 and one year in small grain with application of all available manure 
 to the grass and corn land, is believed to be the best means at present by 
 which to maintain fertility. That commercial fertilizers may be profit- 
 ably applied to these lands in the comparatively near future is not im- 
 probable. 
 
 A recently stirred and well pulverized seed-bed is thought more im- 
 portant on such soil than deep plowing. 
 
1889.] FJEI.D EXPERIMENTS WITH CORN I 888. (25 
 
 PLANTING. 
 
 An insufficient or irregular stand is one of the most common causes 
 of a small yield. This may result from poor seed, improper planting, or 
 destruction of the corn after growth has begun. 
 
 If the seed is selected in the fall and allowed to become well dried 
 before it is exposed to severe cold, or kept from any marked variation 
 in temperature, it will give little trouble. Testing it is always advisable, 
 however; but the fact that it will germinate under favorable conditions is 
 not conclusive evidence that it will do well when planted under unfavor- 
 able conditions. 
 
 Early planting is desirable; however, but little good can, and much 
 harm may, come from planting corn before the soil is warm enough to 
 cause it to germinate. "Both the thermometer and the almanac should be 
 consulted." Warm weather at the first of April is not sufficient reason for 
 planting corn in central Illinois; nor is a frost the last of May a reason 
 for ceasing to plant. Comparatively late planting of sod land is safest, 
 because of less danger of injury by insects. 
 
 So far as the growth of the plant is concerned, no good comes from 
 covering corn deeper than is sufficient to give it moisture and warmth. 
 Early in the season the surface is usually moist enough and warmer than 
 the deeper soil, which is more probably wet as well as cold. A depth of 
 one or two inches is abundantly sufficient, if the corn be closely sur- 
 rounded with moist warm earth. Deep covering of the seed in early 
 planting is nearly always an injury to the crop. There are some good 
 reasons for having the corn planted at a little distance below the general 
 level of the surface. Harrowing or other cultivation of the ground before 
 the corn is up or while it is very small can then be done without disturb- 
 ing the corn, and weeds and grass just starting in the hills may be more 
 easily covered with fine earth than if the corn is on a level with the surface. 
 
 When corn is largely grown, planting with a machine is necessary, 
 but the planting done by the best machines, remarkably excellent as they 
 are, is not so good as that which is possible with hand-dropping and cov- 
 ering with the hoe. The number of kernels dropped, the depth, and the 
 closeness with which they are covered cannot be so accurately controlled. 
 In a good many cases the kernels are covered from sight, but are simply 
 left in a mole-like channel. Having the surface well pulverized before 
 planting; harrowing or pulverizing with some surface-working implement, 
 or rolling after planting are means of securing more perfect covering. 
 
 Drill planting is theoretically preferable to hill-planting. We prefer it 
 when planting on sod land or other land reasonably free from grass or weed 
 seeds. In wet seasons we find it much more difficult to keep drilled corn 
 clean than that planted in hills. Our experiments show less gain in yield 
 from drilled corn over hill planting than might have been expected. 
 
 The corn-planter used by us makes the rows 3 feet 8 inches apart. 
 This gives 3,240 hills to the acre; 9,720 stalks, with three stalks to the 
 hill; I 3>95 stalks, with four stalks to the hill. If planted in drill rows 
 
126 BULLETIN NO. 4. [February^ 
 
 this distance apart, with one kernel each foot in the row, there would be 
 11,880 stalks per acre. Evidently in ordinary corn culture many stalks 
 fail to grow or to produce even half-sized ears. It is far from being con- 
 clusively proved that it is not good practice to plant more thickly than is 
 ordinarily done, and to thin after the extent of the loss from poor seed, 
 poor covering, insects, birds, and early cultivation is determined. 
 
 The smaller varieties may properly be planted more thickly than the 
 larger varieties, with rows closer together or with the kernels closer to- 
 gether in the drills. 
 
 CULTIVATION. 
 
 The best methods of cultivation depend not alone on the character 
 of the soil, but also on the season. In almost any case, stirring the sur- 
 face shortly before planting and some surface cultivation very soon after 
 planting is good practice, excessive wet weather being sufficient reason 
 for omitting the latter. 
 
 With a fairly loose, porous soil, deep cultivation seems little needed, 
 so far as ability of the roots to penetrate the soil is concerned. The 
 roots of corn grow with great rapidity, and when the surface is moist, 
 many of them remain near the surface. Deep cultivation, especially near 
 the corn, after growth has well begun, necessarily injures many roots. 
 Shallow cultivation, at the right time, will as effectively destroy grass or 
 weeds just starting to grow as will deep culture. 
 
 Frequent shallow cultivation during dry weather is an e'ffective means 
 of reducing evaporation from the soil, the dry stirred surface acting as a 
 mulch. Deeper cultivation in drouth exposes more of the moisture near 
 the surface to the air, thus somewhat increasing the evaporation. In 
 time of drouth, moisture may be the greatest need of the corn. 
 
 With a IQOSC, moist soil, free from weeds, there seems no sufficient 
 reason for frequent cultivation, deep or shallow. With a compact, hard 
 soil, frequent cultivation will often do good. 
 
 When there are rains, preventing frequent cultivation, we have found 
 no shallow-working horse tool with which we can keep corn clean in land 
 well stocked with grass or weed seeds. Our largest yields have been 
 when shallow cultivation was exclusively given. We have repeatedly 
 grown good crops with only such cultivation. But unless hand-hoeing 
 can be profitably given, it is not wise to dispense entirely with the use of 
 shovel cultivators in wet weather and on weedy ground. 
 
 In case of drouth, or when there are many weeds starting, shallow 
 cultivation, after the corn is too large to permit the use of the double 
 cultivators, may help; but the extra cost of such cultivation, and the 
 danger of injury by breaking the stalks, make it undesirable as a rule. 
 
 HARVESTING. 
 
 The quantity of dry matter and the proportion of the more valuable 
 food material, as shown by chemical analysis, increases until the kernels 
 
1889-] FIELD EXPERIMENTS IN CORN 1883. > 127 
 
 are fully developed and begin to harden. Unless in cases of scarcity of 
 other food, it does not seem wise to use the corn until this stage is 
 reached. At what point in the maturing process the lessened palatability 
 of the stalks from drying begins to diminish their value as green food, we 
 have not determined. We have found it profitable to feed the corn, 
 stalks, and ears, to both cattle and hogs so long as the stalks were readily 
 eaten by them; then to continue feeding the ripening ears. 
 
 Cutting corn for future use before the lower part of the stalks has 
 become yellow, and the kernels fairly hardened, causes loss in the weight 
 and the quality of the corn. Delaying until the stalks have become dry 
 and the ears well dried, causes serious loss to the value of the stalks. 
 
 It is believed medium sized varieties, especially with short-jointed 
 stalks, thus increasing the number of leaves, are better either for dry 
 fodder or ensilage, than the very forge, coarse, tall-growing varieties. 
 Attempting to reach fineness of stalks by excessively thick planting of the 
 large varieties is not good practice. 
 
 The difference in the percentage of water in the early and late matur- 
 ing varieties at the usual husking season is often very great. The shrinkage 
 in weight in a few weeks, or even days, especially after husking, is often 
 not fully considered in buying or selling. The shrinkage of the whole 
 crop is considerably greater than that of selected ears. Early husking 
 makes necessary the handling of a large quantity of water in the corn; but 
 the more favorable weather and the danger of loss from bad weather 
 make it advisable to husk the uncut corn as soon as it is in fit condition 
 for marketing or storing. 
 
 GEORGE E. MORROW, Agriculturist. 
 T. F. HUNT, Assistant Agriculturist. 
 
GARDEN EXPERIMENTS WITH SWEET CORN, 1888. 
 
 Experiment No. 4.9. Sweet Corn, Testing Varieties. 
 
 In the classification of sweet corn, the varieties are first divided 
 
 according to time of reaching edible tnaturity after planting, into: Early, 
 
 sixty-three days or less; Medium, sixty-four to seventy-one days; Late, 
 
 seventy-two days or more. A further division is made on color: Yellow, 
 
 White, Other colors. 
 
 In the descriptions, where the same variety has been received under 
 different names, it is not assumed that one is correct; that question is left 
 to be determined later. Further study may make changes in the grouping 
 of names or in the classification. Frequently, where two or more names 
 have been placed together, they do not represent exactly the same thing; 
 for instance, Roslyn hybrid sweet, and Roslyn hybrid sugar are not quite 
 alike, but as much like each other as either of them is like anything else. 
 The variation may have come from a difference in the way of selecting, 
 or from mixing with some other variety. 
 
 Each plat had three rows two rods long, the rows being three feet 
 eight inches apart; the hills were two feet apart in the rows, making forty- 
 eight to the plat. It was intended to have three stalks in a hill, and that 
 number is counted a full stand. 
 
 The plats were planted May yth to loth; this first planting, however, 
 was destroyed by cut-worms. They were replanted June 5th, except Nos. 
 90, 91, and 92, which were replanted June i6th. They were given the 
 usual cultivation. 
 
 The numbers used in the descriptions are the same as the plat num- 
 bers in the table. 
 
 EARLY VARIETIES Yellow. 
 
 No. 48, Golden sugar; Henderson. No. 75, Early orange sugar; Dreer. Ears of 
 the first were fit for use in 64 days, and of the second in 63 days from planting. 
 
 Stalks, 5 to 6\4 f ee t high> slender, long-jointed; tassels, not much branched, rather 
 stifl; % suckers, numerous; husk-blades, small to medium; ears, 18 to 20 inches from the 
 ground, golden yellow, 5 to 6^ inches long, i 4 to 1.7 inches in diameter; kernels, even 
 or slightly rounded over the butt, not quite filling out at the tip; rows, 8, occasionally 
 10, inclined to be irregular; pairs of rows, usually distinctly separated; cob, white, .9 to 
 I inch in diameter; kernels, fairly solid, flatly rounded at top, crinkled, not so deep as 
 broad. The Larly orange sugar is a little more solid in ear and a little more slender in 
 stalk than the other. 
 
1889.] EXPERIMENTS WITH SWEET CORN 1888. 129- 
 
 EARLY VARIETIES White. 
 
 No. jo, Extra early Tom Thumb; Henderson. Corn first fit for use in 60 days from 
 planting. 
 
 Stalks, 3^ to 5 feet high, rather long-jointed, slender; tassels, not many-branched, 
 slender, drooping; husk-blades, many, medium size; ears, 10 to 12 inches from the ground, 
 white, nearly cylindrical, round pointed, part of them curved, 4^ to 6 inches long, 1.4 
 to 1.5 inches in diameter, kernels, even at the butt, nearly filling out the tip; rows, 8, 
 regular; pairs of rows, usually not very distinct, though sometimes entirely separated 
 near the butt; cob, white, .8 to .9 of an inch in diameter; kernels, solid, flatly rounded 
 over the top, broader than deep, crinkled or crimped. A very neat but small ear. This 
 is not very different from the next variety. 
 
 No. 6g, Dolly Dutton; Lanclreth. Corn first fit for use in 58 days from planting. 
 
 The chief differences noted between this and the above are that this is earlier, has a 
 little larger ear and kernel, and a slight difference in color, this being the lighter. If the 
 two varieties were mixed, they could not be separated. 
 
 No. 32, Early sweet or sugar. Ferry. Corn first fit for use in 63 days from planting. 
 
 Stalks, 5 to 7 feet high, dark green; tassels, slender and drooping; suckers, numer- 
 ous; husks, with medium sized blades; ears, 20 to 24 inches high, white, cylindrical, 
 round- or taper-pointed, most of them curved, 6^ to 8 inches long, 1.4 to 1.6 inches in 
 diameter, kernels, barely even at the butt, not quite filling out at the tip; rows, 8; pairs- 
 of rows, distinct or entirely separated toward the butt; cob, white, .9 to I inch in diam- 
 eter; kernels solid, flatly rounded over the top, broader than deep, rather thick, crinkled. 
 A slender ear. 
 
 No. n, Early Minnesota; Vaughan. No. 66, Extra early Minnesota sugar; Lan- 
 dreth. Ears of the first, fit for use in 61 days, and of the second in 62 days from planting. 
 
 Stalks, 4^ to 5 feet high, rather long-jointed; blades, small; tassels, drooping;, 
 suckers, few; husks, with small to medium sized blades; ears, 12 to 18 inches from the 
 ground, dull white, cylindrical, tapering at* the tip, sometimes enlarged at the butt from 
 added kernels, 5^ to 7 inches long, 1.4 to 1.7 inches in diameter, kernels, even at the butt, 
 well to poorly filled at the tip; rows, 8, fairly regular; pairs of rows, not usually distinct, 
 though sometimes widely separated at the butt; cob, white, .8 to I inch in diameter;, 
 kernels, solid, rounded over the top, broader than deep, crinkled. 
 
 No. 16 and 29, Crosby 1 s early; Vaughan and U. S. Department of Agriculture. A'o. 
 
 38, Crosby's extra early su^ar; Smith. No 46, Crosby's early sugar; Henderson. A\>. 
 
 39, Extra early Crosby 's sugar; Landreth. No. /./, Crosby's extra early sugar; Dreei . 
 Ears from the first were fit for use in 63 days, from the -third in 62 days, and from the other 
 three in 64 days from planting. The lot grown from Smith's seed was not true to type. 
 
 Stalks, 5^ to 7 feet high, rather slender, long jointed; tassels, slender and drooping; 
 suckers, numerous; husk-blades, small to medium size; ears, 18 to 24 inches from the 
 ground, white, generally cylindrical, tapering at the tip, a few taper from the butt, 5 to 7 
 inches long, 1.4 to 1.9 inches in diameter, kernels even at the buff, nearly, sometimes* 
 entirely filling out the tip; cob, white, .9 to i.i inches in diameter; kernels, solid, flatly 
 rounded over the top, rather thick, nearly as deep as broad, crinkled. A neat, smooth ear. 
 
 No. 53, Early Landreth market; Landreth. Corn was first fit for use in 56 days 
 from planting. 
 
 Stalks, 4^ to by?, feet high, leafy, short-jointd; tassels, slender and drooping; 
 suckers, very few; husks with few small blades; ears, 16 to 20 inches from the ground, 
 white, cylindrical, tapering irregularly at the tip, 5 to 7^ inches long, 1.4 to 1.8 inches 
 in diameter; kernels, even at the butt, not filling out at the tip; rows, 8 to 12, regular; 
 pairs of rows, nearly separated in the 8 rowed but scarcely noticeable separation in the 12- 
 rowed; cob, white, I to 1.2 inches in diameter; kernels, solid, rounded over the top, broader 
 than deep, smooth or slightly dented. Has the appearance of a flint corn when ripe. 
 
130 BULLETIN NO. 4. [February, 
 
 A'o. J, Adams' 1 early; Vaughan. No. 37, Extra early Adams; Landreth. Ears, 
 from the fiist were fit for use in 57 days, and from the second in 60 days from planting. 
 
 Stalks, 4% to S 1 A f eet h'gh, rather short-jointed; tassels, not much branched, stiff; 
 ears, 16 to 20 inches from the ground, white, cylindrical, tapering at the tip, 4^ to 6 
 inches long, 1.6 to 1.9 inches in diameter; kernels, rounded over the butt, not filling out 
 at the tip; rows of kernels, 10 to 12, regular, pairs of rows, not very distinct; cob, I to 
 1.2 inches in diameter; kernels, very solid, rounded over the top, about as deep as broad; 
 top, creased or smooth. These varieties are not sweet but are used for the table. 
 
 EARLY VARIETIES Colored, not yellow. 
 
 Nos. 23 and 7, Cory; U. S. Department of Agriculture and Vaughan. No. 39, Early 
 Cory; Smith. No. 45, Cory early sugar; Henderson. The earliest ears from the seed 
 obtained ol Vaughan were fit for use in 54 days; from the others in 55 and 56 days from 
 planting. 
 
 Stalks, 3^ to 5 feet high, slender, upper part of the stalk long-jointed; suckers, very 
 few; tassels, stiff; husk-blades, small to medium; ear, 10 to 12 inches from the ground, 
 cylindrical, tapering roundly at the tip, sometimes enlarged at the butt by the addition 
 of extra kernels, 4 to 6 inches long, 1.3 to 1.7 inches in diameter; kernels, even at the 
 butt, sometimes, but not usually filling out at the tip; rows, 8, mostly regular, sometimes 
 very irregular; pairs of rows, but little to widely separated; dull white to nearly blood- 
 red; cob, white or red, .8 to 1.2 inches in diameter; kernels, solid, rounded over the top, 
 broader than deep, crinkled or smooth. This variety has not a very settled type. 
 
 No. 7J>, Marblehead sugar; Dreer. No. 9, Marblehead early; Vaughan. No. JJ, 
 Extra early Marblehead; Ferry. Ears of the first were fit for use in 55 days, and of the 
 other two in 56 days from planting. 
 
 Stalks, 3^ to 4^ feet high, rather stout, short jointed; tassels, rather stiff, not much 
 branched; suckers, few; husks, with small to medium sized blades; ears, 12 to 16 inches 
 from the ground, reddish to flesh color, nearly cylindrical, generally larger at the butt 
 and tapering off rather roundly at the tip, 5 to 7 inches long, 1.4 to 1.6 inches in diameter; 
 kernels, even at the butt, nearly filling out at the tip; rows, 8, occasionally 10, not 
 crowded; pairs of rows, usually separated or widely separated; cob, red, .9 to i.i inches 
 in diameter; kernels, not solid, rounded over the top, crinkled, sometimes smooth. 
 
 No. 79, New Cory; Nellis. Seems to be a later strain of the Marblehead. Ears 
 were first fit for use in 59 days from planting. 
 Stalks, 4 to 5> feet high. 
 
 No. 77, Chicago market; Vaughan. No. 78, Ballard's ex'.ra early; Storrs & Har- 
 rison. Ears of the first were fit for use in 59 days and of the second in 57 days from 
 planting. 
 
 Stalks, 4 to 5 feet high, not very strong; tassels, not much branched, stiff to droop- 
 ing; suckers, not many; husk-blades, small to medium, not numerous; ears, 12 to 15 
 inches from the ground, white to pale flesh color, nearly cylindrical to abruptly tapering, 
 rounded at the tip, 5 to 6^ inches long, 1.4 to 1.8 inches in diameter, kernels even or 
 slightly rounding past the butt, entirely Or nearly filling out the tip; rows, 8 to 12, npt 
 distinct in the 12-rowed to separated in the 8-rowed; cob, white or pink, .8 to i.i inches 
 in diameter; kernels, solid, rounded or flatly rounded over the top, broader than deep, 
 rather thick, crinkled or nearly smooth. Very neat cars. 
 
 No. ji, Early red Narragansett; Ferry. No. 60, Extra early Narragansett sugar. 
 Landreth. Ears of the first were fit for use in 61 days, and of the second in 59 days from 
 planting. 
 
 Stalks, 6^/2 to 6 feet high, stout, short-jointed, dark green, conspicuously marked 
 with purple; tassels, not many-branched, stiff; husk blades, medium size, numerous; ear, 
 
1889.] EXPERIMENTS WITH SWEET CORN 1888. 131 
 
 18 to 20 inches from the ground, flesh color to dark red, cylindrical, sometimes enlarged 
 at the butt by openness between the pairs of rows, tapering at the lip, 6 to 7^ inches 
 long, 1.4 to 1.8 inches in diameter, kernels even at the butt, sometimes, but not com- 
 monly filling out the tip; rows, 8; pairs of rows, distinct, sometimes entirely separated 
 toward the butt; cob, red, I to 1.2 inches in diameter; kernels, fairly solid, rounded over 
 (he top, crimped, broader than deep. 
 
 iVo. 70, Golden sugar; Landreth. Corn first fit for use in 63 days from planting. 
 
 Stalks, 4 1o 6 feet high, leafy, short-jointed, rather stiff; tassels, stiff; suckers, not 
 .many; husks, with small to medium sized blades; ears, 12 to 18 inches from the ground, 
 nearly white to dark red, nearly cylindrical to tapering, bluntly pointed, 5^ to 7^ inches 
 long, 1.5 to 1.8 inches in diameter, kernels slightly rounded over the butt, sometimes 
 nearly filling out at the tip; rows, 8 to 12, regular; pairs of rows, not distinct in the 12- 
 rowed but distinct or separated in the 8-rowed; cob, nearly white to red, .9 to I.I inches 
 in diameter; kernels, not solid, 'rounded or flatly rounded over the top, crinkled, nearly 
 as deep as broad. This is entirely distinct from the other Golden sugar and may be mis- 
 named. 
 
 MEDIUM VARIETIES White. 
 
 
 
 No. 67, Darling; Landreth. Corn first fit for use in 64 days from planting. 
 Stalks, 5.5 to 7 feet high, rather slender, long-jointed; tassels, all drooping; husks, 
 with small blades; ears, 22 to 28 inches from the ground, white, tapering, usually rounded 
 at the tip, frequently curved, 7 to 9 inches long, 1.4 to 1.6 inches in diameter, kernels 
 even at the butt, not filling out the tip; rows, 8, regular; pairs of rows, distinct or en- 
 tirely separated; cob, white, .9 to i.i inches in diameter; kernels, solid or nearly solid, 
 rounded over the top, broader than deep, crinkled. 
 
 No. 88, Albany sugar; Dreer. Corn first fit for use in 64 days from planting. 
 
 Stalks, 5J^ to 7 feet high, long jointed, dark green; tassels, short, bunchy and stiff; 
 suckers, many; husk-blades, small; ears, 20 to 28 inches from the ground, dull white, 
 cylindrical, tapering bluntly at the tip, 6 to 7 inches long, 1.5 to 1.9 inches in diameter, 
 kernels, even at the butt, not filled out at the tip; rows, 10 to 12, regular; pairs of rows, 
 not very distinct; cob, white, I to 1.3 inches in diameter; kernels, loose, flatly rounded 
 over the top, not so deep as broad, thick, large, crimped. 
 
 No. 24, Breck's premier; U. S. Department of Agriculture. Corn first fit for use in 
 64 days from planting. 
 
 Stalks, 5 to 6 feet high, strong, leafy, dark green; tassels, rather stiff; suckers, many; 
 husks, with medium to large blades; ears, 24 to 30 inches from the ground, dull white, 
 tapering, bluntly pointed, 6^ to 8 inches long, 1.6 to 1.9 inches in diameter, kernels, 
 barely even at the butt, not filled out at the tip; rows, 10 to 12, regular; pairs of rows, 
 not very distinct; cob, white, i.i to 1.3 inches in diameter; kernels, not solid, rounded 
 over the top, nearly as deep as broad, thick, crinkled or crimped. 
 
 No. JO, Perry'' s hybrid,- Vaughan. Corn first fit for use in 64 days from planting. 
 This variety has not a settled type, part of the ears looking as if crossed with some field 
 corn. 
 
 Stalks, 4 to 6 feet high; ears, dull white or pinkish, cylindrical or tapering, 6 to 8 
 inches long, 1.6 to 2 inches in diameter, kernels even at the butt, not filling out at the 
 tip; rows, 8 to 12, regular or irregular; pairs of rows, not distinct to widely separated; 
 cob, white or pink, i to 1.4 inches in diameter; kernels, fairly solid, rounded or flatly 
 rounded over the top, crimped or smooth. Very variable 
 
 A r os. 34. and 4, Moore' 1 s early Concord; Ferry and Vaughan. No. 6j, Early Concord 
 sugar; Landreth. Corn from the first was fit for use in 65 days, from the second in 68 
 days, and from the last in 67 days from planting. 
 
132 BULLETIN NO. 4. \_Febtuary, 
 
 Stalks, 5 to 7 feet high, short jointed; tassel*, long, slender, and drooping; suckers, 
 numerous; husks, with many medium sized blades; ears, 18 to 24 inches from the ground, 
 dull white, cylindrical, roundly pointed at the tip, 5^ to 8 inches long, 1.6 to 2 inches 
 in diameter; kernels, even at the butt, nearly filling out at the tip; rows, 12 to 14, regular;, 
 pairs of rows, not very distinct; cob, white, i.i to 1.3 inches in diameter; kernels, loose, 
 flatly rounded over the top, nearly as deep as broad, very thick, crimped. 
 
 No. 72, Shaker 's early sweet; Henderson. Corn first fit for use in 66 days from 
 planting. f 
 
 Stalks, 5 to 7 feet high,' rather heavy, leafy; tassels, heavy, stiff; husks, with small 
 blades; ear, 18 to 24 inches from the ground, dull white, cylindrical or tapering, roundly 
 pointed, 5^ to 7 inches long, 1.6 to 1.9 inches in diameter; kernels, even or slightly 
 rounded at the butt, not filling out at the tip; rows, 10 to 12, regular; pairs of rows, dis- 
 tinct; cob, white, I to 1.2 inches in diameter; kernels, nearly solid, rounded over the top, 
 broader than deep, thick, crinkled or nearly smooth. 
 
 No. 14, Pee and Kay; Vaughan. Corn first fit for use in 67 days from planting. 
 
 Stalks, 4^ to >y z feet high, short-jointed, leafy, dark green; tassels, rather stiff; 
 husks, with small narrow blades; ears, 12 to 16 inches from the ground, slightly or 
 abruptly tapering, sometimes compressed at the butt, round- or long-pointed, very dull 
 white, 6 to 8 inches long, 1.6 to 2 inches in diameter; kernels, even or nearly even at tjje 
 butt, not quite filling out the tip; rows, 10 to 12, regular; pairs of rows, not distinct to 
 nearly separated at the butt of some ears; cob, white, i.i to 1.3 inches in diameter; 
 kernels, not solid, flatly rounded over the top, crinkled or crimped, nearly as deep as 
 broad, thick or very thick. In appearance very similar to Asylum sugar, but smaller and 
 earlier. 
 
 No. 49, Squanlum sugar; Henderson. Corn first fit for use in 69 days from planting. 
 
 Stalks, 6 to 8 feet high, leafy, short-jointed, heavy; tassels, stirl; suckers, none; 
 husks, with small blades; ears, 24 to 30 inches from the ground, very dull white, taper- 
 ing, sometimes compressed, sometimes enlarged at the butt, rounded at the tip, 5^ to 
 7j^ inches long, 1.6 to 1.8 inches in diameter; kernels, even or slightly rounded over the 
 butt, nearly filling out the tip; rows, 12, very regular, except at the butt; pairs of rows, not 
 distinctly separated; cob, white or pink, i to 1.2 inches in diameter; kernels, fairly solid, 
 flatly rounded over the top, crinkled or crimped, nearly as broad as deep, rather thick. 
 
 No. 92, Sweet fodder; Vaughan. First ears fit for use in 70 days from planting. 
 
 Stalks, 3 to 3^ feet high, not very leafy; tassels, few, branches, stiff; suckers, very 
 few; ears, 8 to 10 inches from the ground, white, cylindrical, tapering at the tip, 3^ to 
 5 inches long, i to 1.5 inches in diameter; kernels, even or barely even at the butt, not 
 filling out at the tip; rows, 8, regular; pairs of rows, distinct, sometimes entirely sepa- 
 rated; cob, white, .7 to .8 inch in diameter; kernels, fairly solid, rounded over the top, 
 not so deep as broad, rather thick, crinkled or smooth, small. This is not worth growing 
 for table use, being entirely too small for so late a variety. Something of larger growth 
 would also be of more value for feeding. 
 
 Nos. 22 and 2j, Stabler' s early ; U. S. Department of Agriculture. No. 87, Stabler' 1 s 
 extra early sugar; Dreer. A r o. j6, Stabler' 1 s extra early sweet; Smith. No. jj, Sta- 
 o/er's early sugar; Henderson. Corn of the first two was fit for use in 66 days, of the 
 third in 68 days, of the fourth in 69 days, and of the last in 71 days from planting. THie 
 first two produced rather smaller corn than the rest. 
 
 Stalks, 5 to 7 feet high, rather long-jointed, pale green; tassels, slender, drooping or 
 stifl; suckers, not many; husks, with small blades; ears, 16 to 24 inches from the ground, 
 white, tapering, rounded at the tip, 6 to 7^ inches long, 1.5 to 1.9 inches in diameter; 
 kernels, even at the butt, filled out or nearly filled out at the tip; rows, 10 to 14, regular; 
 pairs of rows, not distinctly separated; cob, white, i to i.i inches in diameter; kernels, 
 fairly solid, flatly rounded over the top, crinkled and crimped, as deep as broad. 
 
1889-] EXPERIMENTS WITH SWEET CORN 1888. . 133 
 
 No. 61, Red cob sugar; Landreth. Corn first fit for use in 70 days from planting. 
 
 Stalks, 6j^ to 8^4 feet high, heavy, very dark green, characteristically marked with 
 purple; tassels, slender and drooping; suckers, many; husk blades, small to large, many; 
 ears, 2^ 103 feet from the ground, dark or reddish white, generally cylindrical, rounded 
 at the tip, or sometimes tapering, 7 to 8^ inches long, 1.6 to 2.1 inches in diameter; 
 kernels, even or barely even at the butt, fairly well filled at the tip; rows, 10 to 12, reg- 
 ular, sometimes spirally arranged; pairs of rows, not very distinct; cob, red, I to 1.4 
 inches in diameter; kernels, very loose, flatly rounded over the top, as deep as broad, 
 rather thick, crinkled and wrinkled. 
 
 No. 6, Livingston's evergreen; Vaughan. Corn first fit for use in 71 days from 
 planting. 
 
 Very similar to the above; ear, a little longer and more slender: cob, not so large 
 and not so much purple on the stalk and blades; rows, 8 to 12, but the 8-rowed ears are 
 not common. 
 
 No. 15, Asylum sugar; Vaughan. Corn first fit for use in 71 days from planting. 
 
 Stalks, 6 to 8 feet high, rather long-jointed, blades, large; tassels, many-branched, 
 stiff or drooping; suckers, not many; husks, with small to medium sized blades; ears, 
 16 to 24 inches from the ground, abruptly tapering, sometimes compressed at the butt; 
 tip, bluntly rounded, very dull white, 7^ to 9^ inches long, 1.6 to 1.9 inches in diameter; 
 kernels, not quite even at the butt, nearly filling out the tip; rows, lo to 12, regular; pairs 
 of rows, not distinct; cob, white, i.i to 1.3 inches in diameter; kernels, solid, flatly or 
 broadly rounded over the top, not so deep as broad, thick or very thick, crinkled and 
 crimped. There is occasionally an 8-rowed ear, but it does not look as if it belonged in 
 this variety. 
 
 No. 68, Landreth sugar; Landreth. Corn first fit for use in 71 days from planting. 
 
 Stalks, 6 to 8 feet high, heavy, short-jointed, leafy, dark green; tassels, short, thick, 
 and stiff; suckers, many; husk-blades, medium size, many; ears, 28 to 36 inches from the 
 ground, white, tapering, rounded at the tip, 6 to 9 inches long, 1.8 to 2 inches in diam- 
 eter, kernels rounded over the butt, filling or nearly filling out at the tip; rows, 12 to 16, 
 regular, sometimes spirally arranged; pairs of rows, not distinct; cob, white, I to 1.2 
 inches in diameter; kernels, flatly rounded over the top, deeper than broad, crimped or 
 wrinkled, loose. 
 
 No. 84, Early Adams; Henderson. Corn first fit for use in 70 days from planting. 
 
 Stalk, 5 to 7 feet high, heavy; tassels, short, bunchy, stiff. Owing to a very poor 
 stand, our specimen ears were too imperfect for a description. 
 
 This is not a sweet corn, but is grown for table use. It is different from Adams' 
 early, page 130. 
 
 MEDIUM VARIETIES Colored, not yellow. 
 
 No. 82, Early orange sweet; farm, Field and Stockman. Ears of this were first fit 
 for use in 65 days from planting. 
 
 Stalks ^y z to 7 feet high, rather long-jointed; tassels, many-branched, stiff or droop- 
 ing; suckers, many; husk-blades, medium to large, numerous; ears, 20 to 30 inches from 
 the ground, white to flesh color, tapering slightly from the butt and bluntly at the tip, 
 7 to 8 inches long, 1.7 to 1.9 inches in diameter; kernels, even at the bntt, not quite fill- 
 ing out the tip; rows, 10 to 12, regular; pairs of rows, not very distinct on most of the 
 ears; cobs, white or red, i.i to 1.3 inches in diameter; kernels, not solid, rounded or 
 flatly rounded over the top, crinkled or crimped, as deep as broad, This is a rather neat 
 ear, and is entirely distinct from No. 82, Early orange sweet. 
 
 No. j, Black Mexican; Vaughan. No. 40, Black Mexican sweet; Smith. No. 4.3, 
 Black Mexican sugar; Henderson. Ears from the first two were fit for use in 66 days, 
 and from the last in 68 days from planting. 
 
 -7 
 
134 BULLETIN NO. 4. {February, 
 
 Stalks, 5 to 7 feet high, rather slender, long-jointed, very light green; suckers, few; 
 husks, with medium to large blades; ears, 16 to 24 inches from the ground, cylindrical, 
 tapering at the tip, 6 to 7^ inches long, 1.3 to 1.7 inches in diameter; kernels, scarcely 
 even at the butt, not filled out at the tip; rows, 8, or occasionally 10, regular; pairs of 
 rows, usually but little separated, though sometimes widely separated; black or slate 
 color; cob, white, .7 to i.i inches in diameter; kernels, not solid, round over the top, 
 crinkled or crimped, broader than deep. 
 
 LATE VARIETIES White. 
 
 Nos. 33 and 12, Stowell's evergreen; Ferry and Vaughan. No. 64, Evergreen sweet 
 or sugar; Landreth. Ears from the first were fit for use in 69 days, from the other two 
 in 74 days from planting. 
 
 Stalks, 6 to 8 feet high, strong, short-jointed; tassels, many-branched, rather stiff, 
 heavy; suckers, not many; husk-blades, small to medium size; ears, 24 to 28 inches from 
 the ground, white, usually tapering, sometimes nearly cylindrical, 1 l / 2 to 10 inches long, 
 1.9 to 2.3 inches in diameter; kernels, even at the butt, sometimes, but not commonly 
 filling out at the tip; rows, 14 to 16, regular; pairs of rows, but little more separated than 
 the single rows; cob, white, I.I to 1.4 inches in diameter; kernels, very loose, flatly 
 rounded over the top, wrinkled, deeper than broad. A coarse-looking, deep grained ear. 
 
 No. 90, Early sugar; Nellis. Corn first fit for use in 72 days from planting. 
 
 Stalks, 4^ to 6 feet high; ears, 16 to 20 inches from the ground, dull white, cylin- 
 drical or tapering, round or long pointed, 5 to 8 inches long, 1.7 to 1.9 inches in diam- 
 eter, kernels barely even at the butt, not filled out at the tip; rows, 10 to 12, regular or 
 somewhat irregular; pairs of rows, not very distinct; cob, white, 1.2 to 1.4 inches in 
 diameter; kernels, very loose, rounded over the top, not so deep as broad, thick, crimped 
 or smooth. Not a handsome ear. 
 
 Nos. 58 and ij, Early mammoth sugar; Landreth and Vaughan. Corn from these 
 plats was first fit for use in 72 days from planting. 
 
 Stalks, 6 to 8 feet high, stout, short-jointed, large leaved; tassels, drooping; suckers, 
 few; husk blades, small; ears, 24 to 28 inches from the ground, dull white, tapering, 
 rounded at the tip, sometimes compressed at the butt, 7.5 to 10 inches in length, 1.7 to 
 2.2 i.iches in diameter, even or nearly even at the butt, not filling out at the tip; rows, 
 12 to 14, regular; pairs of rows, not very distinct; cob. white, I to 1.4 inches in diameter; 
 kernels, flatly rounded over the top, as deep as broad, thick, crinkled; ear stalk, very 
 large and strong. A large, rather coarse ear. 
 
 No. 81, Large eight rowed; Nellis. No. 30, Darling 's sugar; McAllister. No. 28, 
 Early fight-rowed; McAllister. No. 44, Large early eight-rowed sweet; Henderson. 
 No. 25 Perry's hybrid; U. S. Department of Agriculture. Ears of the first were fit for 
 use in 69 days; of the second, in 73 days; of the third and fourth, in 74 days; and of the 
 last, in 72 days from planting. 
 
 Stalks, 6^ to 8^ feet high, medium to long-jointed, rather slender; tassels, slender, 
 drooping; suckers, not many; husk-blades, small, not numerous; ears 20 to 30 inches 
 high, white or bleached white, tapering, long or bluntly pointed, sometimes curved, 8 to 
 10 inches long, 1.5 to 1.8 inches in diameter, kernels even or nearly even at the butt, 
 filling out or nearly filling out the tip; rows, 8, regular; pairs of rows, distinct, some- 
 times entirely separated toward the butt; cob, white, I to i.i inches in diameter; kernels, 
 not solid, broadly rounded over the top, broader than deep, crinkled, large. A long, 
 slender ear. 
 
 No. 56, Hickox' improved; Landreth. Nos. 2 and 32, Hickox improved sugar; 
 Vaughan and Henderson. Ears from the first were fit for use in 71 days, from the second 
 in 74 days, and from the third in 72 days from planting. 
 
1889.] EXPERIMENTS WITH SWEET CORN [888. 135 
 
 Stalks, 6 to 8 feet high, heavy, leafy, short-jointed; tassels, full, rather stiff; suckers, 
 not many; husk-blades, small to medium; ears, 30 to 36 inches from the ground, white 
 or bleached white, cylindrical, rounded or roundly pointed at the tip, 8 to 10 inches long, 
 1.7 to 2 inches in diameter, kernels scarcely even at the butt, not filling out at the tip; 
 rows, 10 to 14, regular; pairs of rows, not very distinct; cob, 1.3 to 1.4 inches in diam- 
 eter; kernels, not solid, flatly rounded over the top, nearly as deep as broad, thick, 
 crinkled or crimped, ear stalk, very large. Not an attractive ear. 
 
 No. /, Potter's excelsior; Vaughan. No. 83, Excelsior sugar; Maule. Ears of the 
 first were fit for use in 72 days and of the second in 74 days from planting. 
 
 Stalks, 8 to 10 feet high, rather strong, short-jointed, pale green; tassels, many- 
 branched, drooping; suckers, not very many; husk-blades, small; ears, 2 to 3 feet from 
 the ground, dull white, cylindrical, rounded at the tip, frequently curved, 6 to 8 inches 
 long, 1.5 to 1.8 inches in diameter, kernels scarcely even at the butt, filled out or not 
 filled out at the tip; rows, 8 to 10, regular; pairs of rows, usually distinct; cob, white, I 
 to 1.2 inches in diameter; kernels, not solid, rounded or flatly rounded over the top, 
 broader than deep, crinkled or wrinkled. 
 
 No. 19, Triumph; Vaughan. No. 65, Triumph sugar; Landreth. No. 4.1, Triumph 
 sweet; Smith. Corn from the first was fit for use in 72 days, from the second in 73 days, 
 and from the last in 76 days from planting. 
 
 Stalks, 6 to 8 feet high, stout, short-jointed; tassels, full and heavy; suckers, few; 
 husks, with many medium sized blades; ears, 24 to 30 inches from the ground, white, 
 cylindrical, sometimes enlarged at the butt, tapering roundly at the tip, "]% to 9^5 inches 
 long, 1.6 to 2 inches in diameter, kernels even at the butt, not commonly filled out at the 
 tip; rows, 8 to 10; pairs of rows, distinct to entirely separated; cob, white, I to 1.4 inches 
 in diameter; kernels, not solid, rounded over the top, very large, broader than deep, 
 crinkled or crimped; ear stalk, very strong; the ear frequently breaks in two in husking. 
 
 No. 86, , J. R. Hiestand. Corn first fit for use in 74 days from planting. 
 
 Stalks, 6 to lY-i feet high, leafy, pale green; tassels, close, many-branched, rather 
 stiff; suckers, many; ears, 28 to 36 inches from the ground, clear cream-white, slightly 
 tapering, 5^ to 6^ inches long, 1.3 to 1.7 inches in diameter; kernels, rounded past the 
 butt, not filling out quite at the tip; rows, 12 to 14, regular; pairs of rows, not very dis- 
 tinct; cob, .9 to I inch in diameter; kernels, loose, flatly rounded over the top, deeper 
 than broad, crinkled or wrinkled. This variety is not yet catalogued or named. 
 
 No. 21, Improved evergreen; U. S. Department of Agriculture. Corn first fit for 
 use in 74 days from planting. 
 
 Stalks, 6.5 to 7.5 feet high, strong; ear, 24 to 30 inches from the ground, white, 
 cylindrical tapering roundly at the point, or tapering from the butt, 6 to 7^ inches long, 
 1.7 to 2.1 inches in diameter; kernels, rounding over the butt, not filing out at the tip; 
 rows, 12 to 14, regular; pairs of rows, not very distinct; cob, white, 1.3 to 1.4 inches in 
 diameter; kernels, not solid, very flatly rounded over the top, nearly as deep as broad, 
 rather thick, crimped. A very neat, attractive ear. 
 
 No. 20, Old Colony; Vaughan. Corn first fit for use in 74 days from planting. 
 
 Stalks, 6 to 7^ feet high, very heavy, leafy, dark green; tassels, stiff and heavy; 
 husks, with small blades; ear, 16 to 20 inches from the ground, clear white, tapering 
 abruptly, commonly curved, 6j^ to 7 inches long, 1.6 to 1.9 inches in diameter; kernels, 
 rounded over the butt, not quite filled out at the tip; rows, 12 to 14, regular or irregular; 
 pairs of rows, not distinct; cob, white, .9 to 1. 1 inches in diameter; kernels, very loose, 
 flatly rounded over the top, deeper than broad, crimped or wrinkled. 
 
 No. 54, Roslyn hybrid sugar; Henderson. No. 37, Roslyn hybrid sweet; Smith. 
 Corn from the first was fit for use in 72 days; from the second, in 76 days from planting. 
 
 Stalks, 6 to 8 feet high, heavy, leafy; tassels, heavy and rather stiff; suckers, few; 
 husks, with small to medium sized blades; ear, 24 to 30 inches from the ground, dull 
 
136 BULLETIN NO. 4. \_February, 
 
 white, nearly cylindrical to abruptly tapering, blunt pointed, 7 to 9^ inches long, 2 to 
 2.3 inches in diameter; kernels, even or slightly rounded over the butt, not filling out at 
 the tip; rows, 10 to 16, regular; pairs of rows, not very distinct; cob, white, 1.2 to 1.4 
 inches in diameter; kernels, loose or very loose, rounded or flatly rounded over the top, 
 deeper than broad, part of them very thick, crimped or wrinked. A rather coarse ear. 
 
 Nos. 26, 8, and 8g, Egyptian; U. S. Department of Agriculture, Vaughan, and Dreer. 
 No. 62, Egyptian sugar; Landreth. Ears from the first were fit for use in 73 days, from 
 the second and third in 74 days, and from the last in 80 days from planting. 
 
 Stalks, 6^ to 8 feet high, leafy, heavy, short-jointed; suckers, not many; tassels, 
 heavy, rather stiff; husks, with small blades; ear, 2 to 3 feet high, tapering to strongly 
 tapering, bluntly rounded at the tip, 6 to 8^ inches long, 1.5 to 2 inches in diameter; ker- 
 nels, even or slightly rounded over at the butt, usually nearly filling out at the tip; rows, 
 12 to 14, regular or irregular; pairs. of rows, not very distinct, white, clear color; cob, 
 white, i to 1.2 inches in diameter; kernels, loose, flatly rounded over the top, as deep as 
 broad, not large, crimped and wrinkled. 
 
 No. 18, Late mammoth; Vaughan. No. jf, Mammoth sugar; Henderson. Corn 
 from the first was fit for use in 76 days and from the second in 80 days from planting. 
 
 Stalks, 7 to 8)4 feet high, strong, leafy, pale green; tassels, large, many-branched, 
 drooping; husk-blades, small; ears, 28 to 33 inches from the ground, dull white, taper- 
 ing, roundly pointed, 8.5 to 11.5 inches in length, 1.8 to 2.4 inches in diameter, kernels 
 even at the butt, nearly filling out the tip; rows, 12 to 18, not very regular; pairs of rows, 
 sometimes separated at the butt; cob , white, 1.2 to 1.8 inches in diameter; kernels, 
 rounded or flatly rounded over the top, as deep as broad, thick, crinkled or crimped, 
 ear-stalk, large and strong. A large coarse looking ear. 
 
 No. 97, Northern pedigree; Vaughan. Corn first fit for use in 77 days from planting. 
 
 Stalk, 5^ to 7 feet high, leafy, heavy; ears, white. None of it ripened sufficiently 
 for a description. There was, probably, a mistake made in sending out the seed, since, 
 by Vaughan's description, Northern pedigree is the earliest sweet corn grown. 
 
 LATE VARIETIES Colored, not white. 
 
 No. 85, Eruda; E. E. Chester. A variety not catalogued. Corn fit for use in 74 
 days from planting. 
 
 Stalk, 6j4 to 8 feet high, strong, leafy; tassels, large, many-branched, drooping; 
 suckers, few; husk-blades, few, small to medium size; ears, 2 to 3 feet high, dull white 
 and black mixed (about % white), cylindrical, tapering roundly at the tip, 8 to 10 inches 
 long, 1.8 to 2.2 inches in diameter, kernels even at the butt, filling out or nearly filling 
 out the tip; rows, 12 to 16, regular; pairs of rows, not distinct; cob, white, 1.2 to 1.4 
 inches in diameter; kernels, loose, flatly rounded over the top, crinkled, nearly as deep 
 as broad, large. 
 
 No. ji, Amber cream; Landreth. No. 47, Amber cream sweet; Henderson. Ears 
 of the first were fit for use in 71 days and of the second in 72 days from planting. 
 
 Stalks, 6 to iy 2 feet high, short-jointed, stout; tassels, many-branched, rather slen- 
 der and drooping; suckers, many; husk, with numerous blades, variable in size; ear, 20 
 to 24 inches from the ground, reddish white to flesh color, cylindrical or tapering, fre- 
 quently curved, long and rather slender, 8 to 10^ inches in length, 1.5 to 1.8 inches in 
 diameter, kernels even at the butt, not filled out at the tip; rows, 10 or 12, fairly regular; 
 pairs of rows, not distinctly separated; cob, white, .9 to i.i inches in diameter; kernels, 
 not solid, flatly rounded over the top, as deep as broad, rather thick, crinkled. Ears 
 neat, rather handsome. 
 
i88 9 .] 
 
 EXPERIMENTS WITH SWEET CORN 1888. 
 
 137 
 
 TABLE SHOWING NUMBER OF PLAT; NAME OF VARIETY; DATE OF FIRST BLOOM, 
 FULL BLOOM, AND FIRST EARS FIT FOR USE; DAYS FROM PLANTING; YIELD; 
 WEIGHT OF 10 SELECTED EARS; PER CENT. OF FULL STAND. 
 
 % 
 
 o 
 
 o 
 
 "E. 
 
 ?T 
 
 Name. 
 
 Page of description. 
 
 d 
 S- 
 
 n 
 
 
 *> 
 
 Eft 
 "I 
 
 a; 
 cT 
 o 
 
 O ' 
 tp 
 
 n 
 
 
 
 !*> 
 
 tT 
 
 tr 
 o" 
 o 
 B 
 
 8-4 
 8 6 
 
 Date first fit for use. 
 
 8 
 
 p 
 
 CL 
 P 
 vj 
 en 
 
 t? 
 
 O 
 
 3 
 
 12. 
 * 
 
 3 
 
 op 
 
 2 
 o 
 
 
 
 ET 
 
 5" 
 
 *E 
 P" 
 
 * 
 
 o 
 
 
 
 p" 
 
 5r 
 en 
 
 5" 
 "H- 
 
 
 
 * 
 
 o 
 
 
 
 L 
 p* 
 
 a; 
 nT 
 n 
 p 
 
 P 
 
 No. of nubbins. 
 
 3 
 m 
 
 era" 
 
 
 
 
 c 
 
 3 
 I 
 
 cr 
 
 Wt. of lo selected ears 
 in ounces. 
 
 S> 
 
 ~t 
 
 n 
 ft 
 
 3 
 
 O 
 
 * 
 
 g 
 
 p* 
 
 a* 
 
 I 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 4 
 
 6 
 
 7 
 8 
 
 9 
 
 10 
 
 n 
 
 12 
 
 !3 
 
 14 
 15 
 
 16 
 
 1 7 
 18 
 
 1 9 
 
 20 
 21 
 22 
 23 
 
 2 4 
 
 25 
 26 
 
 27 
 28 
 
 2 9 
 30 
 31 
 
 32 
 
 33 
 34 
 35 
 36 
 37 
 38 
 
 39 
 40 
 
 4i 
 
 42 
 43 
 44 
 45 
 46 
 
 47 
 48 
 49 
 50 
 Si 
 52 
 
 Potter's excelsior 
 
 135 
 134 
 133 
 131 
 130 
 
 133 
 
 130 
 
 136 
 130 
 
 131 
 
 129 
 
 134 
 134 
 132 
 
 133 
 129 
 130 
 136 
 135 
 '35 
 '35 
 132 
 130 
 131 
 134 
 136 
 132 
 
 134 
 129 
 
 134 
 130 
 129 
 130 
 131 
 134 
 132 
 
 135 
 129 
 130 
 133 
 135 
 
 7-26 
 
 7-27 
 7-25 
 
 7-23 
 7-17 
 7 26 
 
 7-13 
 8-1 
 7-16 
 
 7-23 
 7-18 
 
 7-29 
 7-27 
 7-25 
 7-27 
 7-21 
 7-16 
 
 7 7O 
 
 8-16 
 
 S 18 
 
 72 
 74 
 68 
 68 
 57 
 7' 
 54 
 74 
 
 t 
 
 64 
 
 61 
 
 74 
 72 
 67 
 7i 
 63 
 
 59 
 76 
 
 72 
 7i 
 74 
 66 
 
 56 
 64 
 
 72' 
 
 73 
 
 66 
 
 74 
 63 
 73 
 61 
 
 63 
 56 
 
 65 
 69 
 
 6 % 
 76 
 
 64 
 
 55 
 66 
 76 
 76 
 66 
 74 
 
 M 
 
 72 
 64 
 
 
 60 
 
 80 
 72 
 
 47 
 36 
 40 
 
 38 
 48 
 49 
 48 
 36 
 38 
 27 
 
 21 
 40 
 48 
 
 37 
 38 
 40 
 46 
 25 
 45 
 35 
 43 
 39 
 44 
 44 
 35 
 38 
 4i 
 46 
 46 
 48 
 46 
 48 
 43 
 48 
 44 
 48 
 43 
 32 
 46 
 
 45 
 45 
 39 
 46 
 
 48 
 3i 
 47 
 48 
 47 
 44 
 43 
 35 
 48 
 
 133 
 
 74 
 86 
 89 
 131 
 
 * 59 ; 
 136 
 
 59 
 70 
 
 52 
 40 
 
 87 
 149 
 08 
 i?6 
 98 
 1 02 
 
 7 
 118 
 
 74 
 137 
 74 
 89 
 124 
 60 
 104 
 87 
 143 
 130 
 129 
 132 
 131 
 97 
 J 37 
 93 
 136 
 
 97 
 
 79 
 90 
 
 H5 
 no 
 
 77 
 1 06 
 107 
 48 
 
 15 
 1 20 
 
 94 
 114 
 82 
 67 
 1 20 
 
 75 
 61 
 
 44 
 43 
 45 
 in 
 76 
 55 
 34 
 32 
 18 
 
 73 
 93 
 39 
 80 
 
 5 2 
 36 
 
 5 1 
 "5 
 5i 
 70 
 
 54 
 68 
 70 
 
 58 
 98 
 70 
 "3 
 92 
 117 
 
 9i 
 125 
 69 
 
 76 
 65 
 95 
 Si 
 
 35 
 68 
 
 135 
 
 90 
 
 105 
 139 
 
 IOO 
 
 49 
 109 
 103 
 72 
 1 02 
 50 
 63 
 
 IOO 
 
 60 
 35 
 9i 
 44 
 66 
 
 58 
 57 
 55 
 47 
 42 
 38 
 5 
 53 
 65 
 64 
 
 85 
 67 
 
 43 
 74 
 68 
 80 
 9 1 
 57 
 64 
 42 
 52 
 7i 
 59 
 79 
 37 
 64 
 72 
 70 
 
 52 
 30 
 67 
 
 38 
 
 55 
 62 
 
 56 
 43 
 72 
 46 
 52 
 48 
 70 
 43 
 74 
 66 
 65 
 38 
 37 
 
 32-75 
 25-25 
 19-5 
 19-5 
 23-75 
 45-75 
 
 22 
 25-75 
 12-75 
 15 25 
 
 7 
 34-25 
 40 
 20.5 
 38.25 
 
 20 
 15-75 
 
 37-5 
 44 
 28 
 40 
 27-25 
 17-5 
 3i 
 23 
 36-25 
 26.5 
 43-75 
 23 
 39 
 25 
 35-5 
 18 
 28.25 
 33 
 3i 
 42-75 
 16.75 
 
 15-5 
 33-5 
 37 
 
 27.25 
 
 35-75 
 32-5 
 11.5 
 
 32 
 37 
 18.5 
 38-5 
 18 
 
 32 
 44-25 
 
 I 4 
 
 65-5 
 
 30 
 52 
 48 
 68 
 
 3i 
 
 70 
 
 33 
 54 
 36 
 68 
 
 65 
 52.5 
 75 
 4i 
 38 
 118 
 68.5 
 
 59 
 68 
 
 56-5 
 
 2 2 
 56 
 
 61 
 
 57 
 48 
 57 
 45 
 56 
 38 
 43 
 38 
 53 
 78 
 54 
 87 
 55 
 25 
 37 
 69 
 
 4i 
 44 
 62 
 
 29-5 
 
 37 
 65 
 3i 
 54 
 34 
 85-5 
 81 
 
 92 
 
 49 
 60 
 62 
 90 
 no 
 
 94 
 40 
 
 49 
 36 
 28 
 69 
 103 
 68 
 81 
 68 
 70 
 
 49 
 82 
 
 5i 
 95 
 5i 
 62 
 86 
 42 
 72 
 54 
 99 
 9 
 8 9 
 92 
 
 9i 
 
 67 
 
 95 
 64 
 
 94 
 67 
 
 55 
 62 
 
 101 
 
 76 
 53 
 74 
 75 
 33 
 104 
 
 83 
 65 
 79 
 57 
 47 
 83 
 
 
 Black Mexican 
 
 8-4 
 8-1 
 7 29 
 
 8-2 
 
 7-20 
 8-1 1 
 
 7 22 
 
 8-12 
 8-12 
 
 8-1 
 8-15 
 
 7-29 
 8 iX 
 
 Moore's early Concord. 
 Adams' early 
 
 Livingston's evergreen. 
 Corv 
 
 Effvotian 
 
 
 7 3i 
 8-8 
 
 8-5 
 8-18 
 8-16 
 8-9 
 8-15 
 8-7 
 8 t 
 
 Perry's hybrid 
 
 8-1 
 
 7 27 
 
 Early Minnesota 
 
 Stowell's evergreen . . . 
 Early mammoth sugar . 
 Pee and Kay ... ... 
 
 8-4 
 
 8-2 
 
 8-1 
 8-3 
 7-3i 
 
 I 24- 
 
 Asylum sugar 
 
 Crosby's early 
 
 Chicago market . ... 
 
 Late mammoth 
 
 8-9 
 
 8-2 
 
 8-4 
 8-9 
 
 8-5 
 7-22 
 
 7-30 
 8-5 
 8-8 
 
 8-3 
 8-3 
 7-30 
 
 8-3 
 7-24 
 
 7-27 
 7-24 
 73 
 8-10 
 
 8-2 
 
 8-6 
 
 7-3i 
 7-21 
 8-1 
 8-4 
 8-ii 
 
 7-30 
 8-4 
 
 7 24. 
 
 8-20 
 
 8-16 
 8-15 
 8-18 
 8-10 
 
 7-3i 
 8-8 
 8-16 
 8-17 
 8-10 
 8-18 
 8-7 
 8-17 
 8-5 
 8-7 
 
 7-3i 
 8-9 
 
 8-13 
 
 8-13 
 
 8-20 
 
 8-8 
 
 7-3 
 8 10 
 
 8-20 
 
 8-18 
 8-10 
 8-18 
 
 7 ^O 
 
 Triumph 
 
 7-26 
 7-26 
 7~30 
 
 7-25 
 
 7-16 
 7-21 
 7-28 
 7-29 
 7-24 
 7-27 
 7-19 
 7-27 
 7-18 
 7-20 
 7-13 
 7-23 
 7-3 
 7-26 
 
 7-29 
 7-19 
 
 7-i3 
 7-23 
 7-27 
 7-30 
 7-23 
 7-27 
 
 7-i3 
 7-19 
 
 7-27 
 7-21 
 7-26 
 7-17 
 
 8-2 
 
 7 27 
 
 Old Colony 
 
 Improved evergreen . . . 
 Stabler's early 
 
 Cory . . 
 
 Breck's premier 
 
 Perry's hybrid 
 
 Egyptian 
 
 Stabler's early 
 
 Early 8 rowed 
 Crosby's early 
 
 Darling's sugar. 
 
 Early red Narragansett 
 Early sweet or sugar. . . 
 Extra early Marblehead 
 Moore's early Concord. 
 Stowell's evergreen .... 
 Stabler's ex. early sweet 
 Roslyn hybrid sweet. . . 
 Crosby's ex. early sugar 
 Early Cory 
 
 Black Mexican sweet . . 
 Triumph sweet 
 
 Little gem sweet . . . 
 
 Black Mexican sugar. . . 
 Large early 8-row'd sw't 
 Cory early sugar 
 
 133 
 134 
 130 
 129 
 136 
 128 
 132 
 129 
 136 
 34 
 
 Crosby's early sugar. . . 
 Amber cream sweet. . . . 
 Golden sugar . . . 
 
 ' f 
 
 7-26 
 
 8-3 
 ?? 
 
 86 
 8-16 
 8-8 
 
 8 n 
 
 Squantum sugar. 
 
 Extra early Tom Thumb 
 Mammoth sugar 
 
 o 
 7-25 
 8-14 
 
 8-2 
 
 8-4 
 8-24 
 8-16 
 
 Hickox improved sugar 
 
138 
 
 BULLETIN NO. 4. 
 
 [February, 
 
 * 
 
 
 
 o 
 
 "H- 
 T 
 
 Name. 
 
 *a 
 p 
 
 <% 
 
 2> 
 a. 
 
 o 
 
 1-1 
 
 TJ 
 
 o' 
 
 O 
 
 
 
 fiT 
 
 o 
 
 
 31 
 
 E 
 
 aj 
 
 o" 
 o 
 3 
 
 O 
 SJ. 
 
 n 
 o 
 
 g 
 cr 
 
 8 
 
 a 
 
 . 
 n 
 
 Sh 
 E 
 
 31 
 
 $ 
 P 
 
 1 
 O 
 
 CL 
 
 3 
 
 u> 
 jj 
 
 
 
 ^ 
 P* 
 
 3' 
 cp 
 
 ? 
 
 o 
 sr 
 fa" 
 5' 
 
 1i 
 ST" 
 
 2 
 
 p 
 
 o 
 *> 
 
 GO 
 
 E. 
 
 5? 
 
 m 
 
 3' 
 "H, 
 ?T 
 
 2 
 p 
 
 o 
 
 !-> 
 
 a> 
 
 p 
 
 1 
 n" 
 it 
 
 p 
 
 
 
 2 
 p 
 
 o 
 
 a 
 
 a 
 
 0" 
 
 2! 
 5' 
 
 to 
 
 Weight of corn Ib. 
 
 Wt. of 10 selected ears 
 in ounces. 
 
 ? 
 o 
 n 
 
 a 
 
 o 
 j> 
 
 u> 
 
 P* 
 
 3 
 CL 
 
 53 
 54 
 
 M 
 
 57 
 58 
 
 12 
 60 
 
 61 
 62 
 
 63 
 64 
 
 65 
 66 
 67 
 68 
 69 
 70 
 
 7t 
 72 
 
 73 
 74 
 75 
 76 
 
 77 
 78 
 
 79 
 80 
 81 
 82 
 83 
 84 
 85 
 86 
 
 87 
 88 
 
 8 9 
 90 
 
 9' 
 92 
 
 Stabler's early sugar. . . 
 Roslyn hybrid sugar . . . 
 Early Landreth market 
 Hickox improved 
 
 132 
 
 135 
 129 
 
 134 
 130 
 
 134 
 129 
 130 
 133 
 
 136 
 
 131 
 134 
 
 135 
 129 
 
 131 
 
 133 
 
 129 
 
 131 
 
 136 
 
 132 
 130 
 
 129 
 128 
 
 7-25 
 7-26 
 
 7-13 
 7-28 
 7-18 
 7-28 
 7-21 
 7-18 
 7-25 
 7-30 
 7-24 
 7-27 
 7-18 
 7-18 
 7-21 
 7-27 
 
 7-13 
 7-21 
 
 7-27 
 
 7-23 
 7-14 
 
 7-21 
 7-21 
 
 7-30 
 
 8-1 
 7-17 
 7-17 
 7-30 
 7-27 
 7-22 
 
 7-3 
 7-24 
 7-28 
 7-29 
 7-25 
 7-22 
 
 7-3i 
 8-4 
 
 8-5 
 8-1 
 
 8-2 
 
 8-3 
 7-20 
 
 8-5 
 
 7-27 
 
 8-7 
 7-2 9 
 7-27 
 8-1 
 
 8-5 
 
 8-2 
 
 8-6 
 
 8 1 
 
 8-15 
 8-16 
 
 7-3i 
 8-15 
 8-4 
 8-16 
 8-8 
 
 8-3 
 8-L 
 
 8-18 
 8-1 1 
 8-18 
 8-17 
 8-6 
 8-8 
 8-15 
 
 8-2 
 
 8-7 
 8 iq 
 
 7i 
 72 
 
 56 
 71 
 60 
 
 72 
 64 
 
 59 
 70 
 
 74 
 67 
 74 
 73 
 62 
 64 
 7i 
 58 
 63 
 7i 
 66 
 
 55 
 64 
 
 63 
 
 74 
 76 
 
 57 
 59 
 76 
 
 & 
 
 65 
 
 74 
 70 
 
 74 
 74 
 68 
 
 64 
 80 
 72 
 
 77 
 70 
 
 47 
 44 
 46 
 46 
 
 48 
 
 41 
 46 
 46 
 45 
 47 
 48 
 4i 
 47 
 4 6 
 48 
 46 
 
 43 
 46 
 46 
 47 
 48 
 44 
 4i 
 
 S l 
 46 
 
 48 
 44 
 
 i 
 
 47 
 26 
 
 47 
 7 
 42 
 45 
 47 
 
 45 
 48 
 
 48 
 39 
 H 
 
 88 
 92 
 142 
 
 102 
 
 "3 
 60 
 109 
 
 105 
 no 
 
 126 
 
 "3 
 7i 
 in 
 
 94 
 130 
 105 
 87 
 93 
 125 
 134 
 131 
 104 
 
 78 
 85 
 95 
 127 
 
 89 
 i 
 123 
 
 39 
 
 127 
 
 12 
 
 72 
 
 118 
 126 
 in 
 132 
 129 
 
 65 
 17 
 
 80 
 
 92 
 
 9 1 
 
 65 
 
 H 
 
 9 
 no 
 
 122 
 
 55 
 72 
 
 i5 
 60 
 129 
 106 
 5 2 
 75 
 "5 
 89 
 67 
 
 99 
 66 
 
 4 2 
 38 
 
 52 
 41 
 
 81 
 
 4i 
 66 
 
 65 
 40 
 70 
 65 
 52 
 42 
 74 
 49 
 66 
 
 101 
 
 71 
 31 
 
 49 
 08 
 
 90 
 
 112 
 
 32 
 42 
 28 
 32 
 25 
 33 
 24-25 
 26.25 
 
 41-5 
 46 
 
 23-5 
 32.5 
 
 42.5 
 
 21 
 35-25 
 47-5 
 22 
 28.25 
 
 37-5 
 27-75 
 
 22 
 
 38.75 
 22-5 
 
 60 
 
 74 
 44-5 
 59 
 
 i 9 
 80 
 
 42 
 
 44 
 67 
 
 59 
 54 
 70 
 61 
 39 
 
 P 
 64 
 
 33 
 4i 
 58 
 48 
 36 
 48 
 33 
 
 61 
 64 
 99 
 7i 
 88 
 42 
 76 
 73 
 76 
 87 
 78 
 49 
 77 
 65 
 90 
 
 73 
 60 
 
 65 
 87 
 93 
 9 1 
 
 72 
 54 
 
 59 
 66 
 
 88 
 62 
 
 Extra early Adams .... 
 Early mammoth sugar . 
 Ex. early Crosby's sugar 
 Ex. early Narragansett.. 
 Red cob sugar 
 
 Egyptian sugar 
 
 Early Concord sugar. . . 
 Evergreen sweet 
 
 Triumph sugar 
 
 Extra early Minn, sugar 
 Darling 
 
 7-28 
 7 1O 
 
 Landreth sugar 
 
 8-3 
 7-23 
 7-29 
 
 8-2 
 
 7-28 
 
 7 21 
 
 Dolly Dutton sugar. . . . 
 Golden sugar 
 
 Amber cream . 
 
 Shakers' early sweet. . . 
 Marblehead sugar . . . 
 
 8-10 
 
 7-3 
 8-8 
 
 8-7 
 8-18 
 
 8-20 
 
 8-1 
 8-3 
 
 8-20 
 
 8-13 
 8-9 
 8-18 
 8-14 
 8-18 
 8-18 
 
 8-12 
 
 8 8 
 
 Crosby's ex. early sugar 
 Early orange sugar. . . . 
 
 7-29 
 7-28 
 
 8-9 
 
 8-12 
 
 7-24 
 7-24 
 7-3 
 8-3 
 
 8-2 
 
 8-6 
 8-1 
 
 8-5 
 8-6 
 
 7-3 
 7-28 
 
 8-12 
 
 8 14 
 
 Ne plus ultra 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Ballard's extra early. . . 
 New Cory 
 
 130 
 130 
 
 61 
 82 
 
 8 9 
 71 
 
 23-25 
 24-75 
 
 4i 
 39 
 
 Early Tom Thumb 
 
 Large 8 rowed 
 
 134 
 133 
 135 
 133 
 136 
 135 
 132 
 131 
 
 136 
 
 134 
 136 
 132 
 
 130 
 67 
 in 
 8 
 80 
 164 
 no 
 85 
 98 
 57 
 64 
 3 
 
 75 
 39 
 
 9 6 
 36 
 134 
 72 
 68 
 65 
 94 
 4i 
 13 
 
 56.75 
 26.25 
 40.5 
 
 3-5 
 4i 
 5i 
 
 47.25 
 
 32-5 
 3 6 -5 
 22.75 
 26.5 
 1.25 
 
 61 
 65 
 51 
 47 
 82 
 
 43 
 63 
 56 
 57 
 43 
 54 
 16 
 
 85 
 27 
 84 
 8 
 
 5 
 82 
 
 87 
 77 
 92 
 90 
 45 
 
 12 
 
 Early orange sweet .... 
 Excelsior sugar 
 
 Early Adams 
 
 Eruda 
 
 
 Stabler's ex. early sugar 
 Albany sugar 
 
 Egyptian . . 
 
 8-24 
 
 827 
 
 Early sugar .... 
 
 Northern pedigree 
 Sweet fodder 
 
 8-27 
 8-5 
 
 8-25 
 
 
 THOS. J. BURRILL, 
 
 Horticulturist and Botanist. 
 
 G. W. MCCLUER, 
 
 Assistant Horticulturist. 
 
1889.] EXPERIMENTS WITH SWEET CORN 1888. 139 
 
 All communications intended for the Station should be addressed, 
 not to any person, but to the 
 
 AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION, CHAMPAIGN, ILLINOIS. 
 
 The bulletins of the Experiment Station will be sent free of all 
 charges to persons engaged in farming who may request that they be sent. 
 They will be paged consecutively, and when enough matter has been 
 issued for a volume, a title page and an index will be sent out with the 
 closing number, so that those who will preserve their bulletins may, if 
 they wish, bind them up in a form convenient for future reference. 
 
 SELIM H. PEABODY, 
 
 President Board of Direction. 
 
 ORGANIZATION. 
 
 BOARD OF TRUSTEES OF THE UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS. 
 
 JOSEPH W. FIFER. Governor of Illinois. 
 
 GEORGE S. HASKELL, Rockford, President State Board of Agriculture. 
 RICHARD EDWARDS, Superintendent of Public Instruction. 
 
 ALEXANDER McLEAN, President Board of Trustees. 
 
 S. M. MILLARD, Highland Park. GEORGE R. SHAWHAN, Urbana. 
 
 CHARLES BENNETT, Mattoon. W. W. CLEMENS, Marion. 
 
 OLIVER A. HARKER, Carbondale. FRANCIS M. McKAY, Chicago. 
 
 EMORY COBB, Kankakee. SAMUEL A. BULLARD, Springfield. 
 
 BOARD OF DIRECTION OF THE EXPERIMENT STATION. 
 
 SELIM H. PEABODY, Champaign, Regent of the University, President. 
 
 E. E. CHESTER, Champaign, of State Board of Agriculture. 
 
 HENRY M. DUNLAP, Savoy, of State Horticultural Society. 
 
 H. B. CURLER, DcKalb, of State Dairymen's Association. 
 
 EMORY COBB, Kankakee, Trustee of the University. 
 
 CHARLES BENNETT, Mattoon, Trustee of the University. 
 
 GEORGE S. HASKELL, Rockford, Trustee of the University. 
 
 GEORGE E. MORROW, Champaign, Professor of Agriculture. 
 
 THOMAS J. BURRILL, Urbana, Professor of Botany and Horticulture. 
 
 WILLIAM L. PILLSBURY, Champaign, Secretary. 
 
 THE STATION STAFF. 
 
 GEORGE E. MORROW, M. A., Agriculturist. 
 THOMAS J. BURRILL, Ph. D., Horticulturist and Botanist. 
 
 DONALD McINTOSH, D. V. S., Veterinarian. 
 
 THOMAS F. HUNT, B. S., Assistant Agriculturist. 
 
 GEORGE W. McCLUER, B. S.. Assistant Horticulturist. 
 
 ALBERT G. MANNS, Ph. D., Assistant Chemist. 
 
 HARRY S. GRINDLEY. B. S., Assistant Chemist. 
 

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