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 VOL. IV 
 
 NO. 2 
 
 JANUARY, 1904 
 
 Alumni Register 
 
 BULLETIN OF THE 
 
 STATE NORMAL SCHOOL 
 
 CEDAR FALLS, IOWA 
 
 Issued Quarterly. Published by the Normal School 
 
 Entered at the Postoffice at Cedar Falls, 
 
 Iowa, as Second Class Matter. 
 
State Normal School Bulletin 
 
 Vol. 4 JANUARY, 1904 No. 2 
 
 Triennial Catalog of Graduates 
 Historical Accovnt 
 
 of the 
 
 Several Societies 
 
 The Addresses 
 
 given at 
 
 The Bartlett Anniversary 
 
Iowa State Normal School 
 
 John Cownie, 
 G. S. Robinson, 
 L. G. Kinne, 
 
 STATE BOARD OF CONTROL. 
 
 South Amana, Term expires 1904 
 
 Sioux City, Term expires 1906 
 
 Des Moines, Term expires 1908 
 
 BOARD OF TRUSTEES. 
 John F. Riggs, ex-officvo, Des Moines, Superintendent of 
 
 Public Instruction. 
 W. W. Montgomery, 
 
 B. F. Osborn, 
 I. J. McDuffie, 
 Roger Leavitt, 
 W. A. Mclntire, 
 
 C. H. McNider, 
 
 Term expires January 1, 1906. 
 
 Red Oak, Term expires, May 1, 
 
 Rippey, 1904. 
 
 Le Mjars, Term expires, May 1. 
 
 Cedar Falls, 1906. 
 
 Ottumwa, Term expires, May 1. 
 
 Mason City, 1908. . 
 
 OFFICERS OF THE BOARD. 
 
 John F. Riggs, ex-officio, Des Moines, President. 
 Homer N. Silliman, Cedar Falls, Treasurer. 
 Alfred Grundy, Cedar Falls, Secretary. 
 
INTRODUCTORY WORDS. 
 
 The Board of Trustees issues this number of the Bulletin, 
 desiring to recognize the Normal School representatives who as 
 graduates constitute a large and successful body of men and 
 •women found in the homes and the schools of the State. The 
 work of these teachers in the elementary and high schools, 
 during the past twenty-seven years, has had a large part in 
 making the present Normal School have the standard and 
 scope that it possesses. It is the purpose of the Board of Trus- 
 tees to print this catalog every three years unless a better 
 plan is. found. 
 
 This Bulletin is arranged in the following order, accord- 
 ing to> classes : 
 
 1. Names of Master degree graduates. 
 
 2. Names of Bachelor degree graduates. 
 
 3. Names of Elementary Course graduates granted cer- 
 
 tificates, 1877 to 1882. 
 
 4. Names of Special Course graduates. 
 
 a. Primary Teachers' Course, established in 1895. 
 
 b. Reading and Public Speaking Teachers' Course, 
 
 established in 1902. 
 
 5. Names of deceased graduates of all courses so far as 
 
 reported. 
 It is a very difficult matter to< collect the information that 
 is contained in this Bulletin. Some of the graduates are lost 
 so far as their present addresses are known to the Normal 
 School, and doubtless some are no more among the living and 
 such information has not been received by the President of the 
 School. The assistance of all graduates is specially desired to 
 keep this outside Normal School a reasonably co-operative or- 
 ganization. 
 
4 IOWA STATE NORMAL SCHOOL. 
 
 In addition to the individual information thus given, there 
 is also published an appendix, brief histories of the following 
 organizations that have been maintained at the State Normal 
 School, and whose work has naturally been identified with those 
 who are graduates: 
 
 1. The Alumnal Association. 
 
 2. The Literary Societies. 
 
 3. The Christian Associations. 
 
 4. The Athletic Association. 
 
 5. The Musical Organizations. 
 
 6. The Newman Catholic Association. 
 
 In addition to the original scope of this Bulletin as plan- 
 ned, there are also added the remarkable addresses that were 
 given in honor of the Fifty Years' Educational Service of Pro- 
 fessor Moses Willard Bartlett, at the Normal School, Friday, 
 January 29, 1904. These addresses will be of special interest 
 to the Alumni as they are of a spirit and contain information 
 that is very near to their own experience. Wherever an Iowa 
 State Normal School graduate is found, there is a citizen who 
 represents the high ideals and the successful work for which 
 Professor Bartlett as a teacher has been noted. With the close 
 of the school year in June, 1904, Professor Bartlett withdraws 
 from active work as a member of the Faculty. 
 
BACHELOR OF SCIENCE AND MASTER OF 
 
 DIDACTICS. 
 
 For completing a full course at trie Normal School, the de- 
 gree of Bachelor of Science was conferred upon classes from 
 1880 to 1890. From that time the degree has been Master of 
 
 Didactics. 
 
 Class 1880. 
 
 Gilchrist, Maude, Dean of Woman's Dept., Michigan Agr. Col- 
 lege, Lansing, Mich. 
 
 McGovern, Anna E., Professor of Methods, I. S. N. S., Cedar 
 Falls. 
 
 CtASS 1 88 1. 
 
 Benham, Wm. L, Asst. Examiner, U. S. Patent Office, Div. 34, 
 
 Washington D. C. 
 
 Married Hattie A. Cain, August 3, 1892. 
 
 Bond, David K., Medical Student, 218 West 11 6th St., New 
 York City. 
 
 Married May E. Davis in 1882. 
 
 Moyer, Edward T., Farmer, Mitchell, S. Dak. 
 
 Class 1886. 
 
 Kraigei , Eleanor, Mrs. C. L. Meacham, Ontario, Cal. 
 LL. B., S. U. L, '94. 
 Married August 26, 1888. 
 
 Class 1887. 
 
 Fields, Albert M., Bookkeeper, Cedar Falls Mill Company, 
 Cedar Falls. 
 
 McMurray, John P., Principal of Schools, Beacon. 
 
 Ph. B., '82 ; A. M., '88, Oskaloosa College. 
 
 Married Jessie Lanning in 1887. 
 
 (5) 
 
6 IOWA STATE NORMAL SCHOOL. 
 
 Mishler, C. H., Mt. Morris, 111. 
 
 Nothomb, Henry E., Attorney at Law, 1226 Association Build- 
 ing, Chicago, 111. 
 
 LL. B., University of Michigan, '96. 
 Married Ella A. Hopkins, October 5, 1898. 
 
 Class 1888. 
 
 Buckingham, F. Ella, Mrs. O. B. Chassell, Superintendent of 
 
 Hardin County Schools, Eldora. 
 
 Married September 1, 1891. 
 Chassell, Olin B., Principal of Schools, Steamboat Rock. 
 
 Married F. Ella Buckingham, September 1, 1891. 
 Dick, Geo. S., Superintendent of Schools, Red Oak. 
 
 Ph. B,, Cornell College, '97. 
 
 Married Dora L. Dobson, August 30, 1888. 
 Dodds, James P., Superintendent of Mahaska County Schools, 
 
 Oskaloosa. 
 
 Married Clara Sampson, September 3, 1894. 
 Edquist, Joshua A., Professor of Natural Science, St. Peter, 
 
 Minn. 
 
 A. B., Augustana College, '86; A. M., '95. 
 
 Married Anna M. Pehrson, October 14, 1899. 
 Peters, Sarah, Missionary, Nankin, China. 
 Ridley, Emma M., Mrs. C. P. Colgrove, Cedar Falls. 
 
 Ph. B., University of Michigan, '92 ; A. M., Harvard Uni- 
 versity, '96. 
 
 Married August 29, 1899. 
 
 Class 1889. 
 
 Amlie, Thos. R., Teacher, Spencer. 
 
 Ph. B., S. U. L, '94. 
 
 Married Evelyn E. Hulburt, July 22, 1896. 
 Cowan, Isabella, Teacher, Rural School, Paullina. 
 
IOWA STATE NORMAL SCHOOL. 7 
 
 Crossley, Lillian L., Principal of Lawn Hill School, Webster 
 
 City. 
 Fullerton, P. G., Secretary Mutual Land & Loan Co., Lawton, 
 
 Okla. 
 
 Married Mabel Watkins, June 9, 1897. 
 Hughes, Elizabeth, Critic Teacher, I. S. N. S. Training School, 
 
 Cedar Falls. 
 Leader, Pauline M., Physician, Hospital, Clarinda. 
 
 M. D., S. U. I., '94. 
 Patterson, W. R., Registrar, Tenement House Department, 61 
 
 Irving Place, New York City. 
 
 Ph. B., S. U. I., '95 ; Ph. D., University of Pennsylvania, 
 
 '98. 
 
 Married Lizzie Rebecca Wallace, June 11, 1902. 
 
 Class 1890. 
 
 Ainsworth, Minnie A., Mrs. E. B. Wilson, High School Prin- 
 cipal, Carroll. 
 Married June 10, 1892. 
 
 Anderson, Nellie F., Vincent. 
 
 Ph. B., University of Michigan, '97. 
 
 Ardrews, Lillie M., Mrs. Rolla S. Farnsworth, Lecturer, Og- 
 den, Utah. 
 Married in 1897. 
 
 Beard, John A., with Capital City Gas Light Co., Des Moines. 
 Married Anna E. Wright, December 25, 1888. 
 
 Bender, Wilbur H., Supervisor of Advanced Training Depart- 
 ment, I. S. N. S., Cedar Falls. 
 Ph. B., S. U. L, '95. 
 
 Cunningham, Maggie L., Primary Teacher, Fort Dodge. 
 
 Felmley, Albert E., Hardware Merchant, 106 14th Ave., N. 
 Seattle, Wash. 
 Married Mabel Strother, May 22, 1894. 
 
8 IOWA STATE NORMAL SCHOOL. 
 
 Fullerton, Chas. A., Director of Vocal Music, I. S. N. S., Ce- 
 dar Falls. 
 
 Married Alma Gray, June 23, 1897. 
 Funk, Emma L., High School Teacher, Independence. 
 Hearst, Helen, Mrs. Frank L, Hammer, Cedar Falls. 
 
 Married January 3, 1894. 
 Hearst, Will L., Physician and Surgeon, Cedar Falls. 
 
 Ph. B., S. U. I, '95; M. D., '97. 
 
 Married Jennie E. Curtis, May 28, 1902. 
 Plummer, Lucy E., Cedar Falls. 
 Roland, M. O., General Agent Equitable Life Insurance Co., 
 
 Harlan. 
 
 Married Mary R. Whrte, December 29, 1891. 
 Simmons, Luella V., Teacher of German, Chicago Heights, 
 
 111. 
 
 B. S., Perm College, '90. 
 
 Class 1891. 
 Aurner, C. Ray, Superintendent of Schools, Tipton. 
 
 Ph. B., S, U. L, '03. 
 
 Married Nellie Slayton, July 2, 1896. 
 Clute, Helen F., High School Teacher, Winona, Minn. 
 
 Ph. B., University of Michigan, '99. 
 Cowan, Agnes ML, Paullina. 
 Cunningham, Matt C, Attorney at Law, Highmore, S. Dak. 
 
 B. A, S. U. I., '93 ; LL. B., '96, 
 Engel, Bertha L., Primary Teacher, Elmhurst, 111. 
 Engel, E. Olga, Stenographer, Marion, Ind. 
 Francis, Bruce, Superintendent of Schools, Williamsburg. 
 
 Ph. B., S. U. I., '96. 
 
 Married Ella Flater, December 27, 1892. 
 
 Leech, Lillie J., 11 18 W. Ninth St., Los Angeles, Cal. 
 
 B. S., Parsons College, '88; Ph.B., Chicago Univ., '99. 
 
 Lizer, Horatio B., Editor Progress-Review, La Porte City. 
 Married Mary A. Fenner, June 2^, 1898. 
 
IOWA STATE NORMAL SCHOOL. 9 
 
 Mason, Oscar H. L., Pastor of Presbyterian Church, Boone. 
 
 A. B., S. U. I., '91; A. M., '93. 
 Married Dora Reno. 
 
 McCausland, Carrie A. 
 
 B. S., Simpson College, '89. 
 
 Milliman, Miaude E., Mrs. C. H. Cochran, Boulder, Colo. 
 
 Married in 1898. 
 Moffett, Lambert B., Superintendent of Schools, Oelwein. 
 
 Married Gertrude J. Hale, August 26, 1891. 
 Mbore, Minnie M., Teacher of English, High School, 626 N. 
 
 Maine St., Santa Ana, Cal. 
 
 Ph. B., University of Michigan, '98. 
 Morris, Thomas B., Superintendent of Schools, Correction- 
 
 ville. 
 Peterson, Paul, Manager Danish Lutheran Pub. House, Blair, 
 
 Neb. 
 
 Married Emma Jorgensen, -April 8, 1895. 
 Russell, Agnes, Mrs. Robert C. Stirton, Monticello. 
 
 Married January 25, 1893. 
 Schroeder, John H. 
 Shaw, Ida E., Mrs. Chas. A. Frederick, Teacher, Bostonia, 
 
 San Diego, Cal. 
 
 B. S., University of Michigan, '98. 
 
 Married August 25, 1898. 
 Skiff, David L., Farmer, Milford. 
 
 Married Bessie Nichols, August 18, 1892. 
 Stuart, Mary O., Assistant Librarian, City Library, Cedar 
 
 Falls. 
 
 Class 1892. 
 
 Adams, Romanzo C, Professor of Sociology and Education, 
 705 Chestnut St., Reno, Nev. 
 Ph. M., University of Michigan, '98. 
 Married Nellie Cronk, September 16, 1902. 
 
10 IOWA STATE NORMAL SCHOOL. 
 
 Belz, John F., Farmer, Cedar Falls. 
 Carr, Pearl O., Mrs. Henry A. Garrison. 
 
 Married June 19, 1894. 
 Crary, E. Avery, Attorney at Law, Grundy Center. 
 
 Ph. B., S. U. I.', '95; IX. B., '97. 
 
 Married Gertrude E. Miner, September 20, 1899. 
 Cunningham, Bridgie, Cedar Falls. 
 Ferris, Finette, Teacher, College for Blind, Vinton. 
 Franklin, Arthur C, Superintendent Pearl Button Factory, 
 
 Muscatine. 
 Franklin, Louisa A., Seventh Grade Teacher, Muscatine. 
 Hammerly, Clyde C. 
 
 Married Shirley Morrell. 
 Hearst, Mamie. Assistant in English Grammar, I. S. N. S., 
 
 Cedar Falls. 
 
 Ph. B., S. U. I., '99. 
 Huggett, J. Percival, Pastor First Congregational Church, Ce- 
 dar Rapids. 
 
 Ph. B., S, U. I., '03. 
 
 Married Annie Lees, July 26, 1895. 
 Kearwille, Elizabeth, Mfrs. Geo. A. Moore, 521 West 123 St., 
 
 New York City. Ph. B,, S. U. I., '98. 
 
 Married August 22, 1900. 
 Mathes, George, Farmer, Cedar Falls. 
 McLaughlin, Jesse L., M. E. Missionary, Manila, P. I. 
 
 A. B., Cornell College, '96; A. M., Boston University, 'oi. 
 
 Married Myrtle Ward, August 13, 1899. 
 Morris, Ella, Milliner, Cedar Falls. 
 Olmstead, Geo. H., Right of Way and Tax Agent, Great 
 
 Northern Ry., Grand Forks, N. Dak. 
 
 Married Maggie J. Wilkinson, April 7, 1897. 
 Overman, Eunice, City Librarian, Cedar Falls. 
 Polley, May E., Teacher, Philippine Islands. 
 Rhodes, Daniel, Real Estate Agent, Fort Dodge. 
 
IOWA STATE NORMAL SCHOOL. 11 
 
 Thomas;, Samuel L., Physical Science Teacher, Council Bluffs. 
 
 Married Nora B. Alsers, June 21, 1894. 
 Thompson, Geo. F. 
 
 M. S., S. U. I., '98. 
 Wilson, W. Walter, Farmer, Stanhope. ■ 
 
 A. B., S. U. L, '94. 
 
 Mjarried S. Sophie Keeler, March 1, 1898. 
 Winget, Clara, Mrs. Ray Keeler, Lake View. 
 
 Married December 26, 1895. 
 Wyant, Elizabeth, Teacher of English, State Agr. College, 
 
 Logan, Utah. 
 
 Ph. B., University of Michigan, '99. 
 Zerwekh, Florence A., Mrs. J. Allen Gilbert, 448 Sixth St., 
 
 Portland, Ore. 
 
 A. B., S, U. I., '97; A. M., Harvard University, '00. 
 Married June 26, 1901. 
 
 Class 1893. 
 Anderson, Theodore. 
 
 Andrews, Lewis H., Teacher, Grimes. 
 
 Arey, Rodney M., High School Principal, Muscatine. 
 
 B. S., S. U. L, '96. 
 
 Married Lena Rownd, January 4, 1899. 
 Bartine, Chas. W. 
 
 Married Grace M. Suiter, June 28, 1899. 
 Bartine, Wm. W., Physician and Surgeon, Rock Rapids. 
 
 M. D., N. W. University Medical School, '98. 
 
 Married Ora E. Frost, June 14, 1900. 
 Bechley, Mary E., High School Teacher, Guthrie Center. 
 Belz, Jacob O., Soil Expert, Bureau of Soils, Washington, D. 
 
 C. 
 
 Ph. B, S. U. L, 'oo. 
 Berner, Wm. F., Physician, Mlerrill. 
 
 M. D., N. W. University Medical School, '97. 
 
 Married Hannah Bubeck, August 27, 1902. 
 
12 IOWA STATE NORMAL SCHOOL. 
 
 Chapman, Leslie A. L, ist Lieut, ist U. S. Cavalry, Fort Leav- 
 enworth, Kan. 
 
 Married Gertrude Boynton, December i, 1898. 
 Evans, Emma L., Teacher, Philippine Islands. 
 Fields, Chas. A., Farmer, Cedar Falls. 
 Fields, Isabella, Mrs. James Clayton, Rowley. 
 
 Married May, 1899. 
 Frederick, Chas. A., Craftonville, Cal. 
 
 Ph. B., Chicago University, '98. 
 
 Married Ida E. Shaw, August 25, 1898. 
 Guthridge, Walter, Doctor of Osteopathy, Corning, N. Y. 
 
 D. O., Still College, '02. 
 Hill, Bertha, Mrs. John L. Strow, Fort Dodge. 
 
 Married November 27, 1895. 
 Lees, Annie, Mrs. J. Percival Huggett, Cedar Rapids. 
 
 Married July 26, 1895. 
 Loonan, Mae, Mrs. T. U. McManus, Waterloo. 
 
 Married August 23, 1898, 
 McManus, Thos. U., Physician, Waterloo. 
 
 A. B., Des Moines College, '95 ; M. D., University of Ill- 
 inois Medical School, '98. 
 
 Married Mae Loonan, August 23, 1898. 
 Miller, Frank G., Head of Department of Forestry, State Uni- 
 versity of Nebraska, Lincoln. 
 
 Ph. B., S. U. I., '00; B. S. A., Iowa State College, '01. 
 Moore, Harry, Traveling Salesman for Houghton, Mifflin Co. 
 
 Waterloo. 
 Shaw, Hattie B., Mrs. Gilbert S. Fox. 
 
 Married January 9, 1894. 
 Smith, J. Everett., 
 
 Married Mae B. Cowgill, August 7, 1901. 
 Thorburn, A. L., Farmer, Webster. 
 
 Ph. B., S. U. I., '99. 
 
 Married Grace Root, June 10, 1896. 
 
IOWA STATE NORMAL SCHOOL. 13 
 
 Tuttle, Stella, Webster City. 
 
 B. S., S. U. I. 'oo. 
 Westfall, Augusta. 
 Wilson, Mary J., Mrs. Jas. E. Fitzgerald, Sioux City. 
 
 Married June 23, 1896. 
 
 Class 1894. 
 
 Earnell, Youell G., Real Estate Dealer, Cedar Rapids. 
 Bishop, Bertha, Assistant Superintendent, Samaritan Hospital, 
 
 Sioux City. 
 Blackmar, H. E)., Supt. of Schools, Emmetsburg 
 
 Ph. B., S. U. I., '03. 
 
 Married Mary K. Fluke, January 1, 1895. 
 Brayton, Henrietta, Student, Leland Stanford Junior Univer- 
 sity, California. 
 Byers, John Raoul, Insurance Agent, Parker, South Dakota. 
 
 Married Ella M. Thompson, June 16, 1898. 
 Cameron, John E., High School Teacher, Cedar Rapids. 
 
 B. S., Lenox College, '92; M. S., '95; B. S., S. U. L, '95. 
 Clayton, Joseph E., Superintendent of Schools, Hamburg. 
 
 Ph. B., S. U. L, '98. 
 
 Married Ivah G. Blank, January 2, 1896. 
 Crane, Ezra E. 
 
 B. A., S. U. I., '97. 
 Cunningham, Harriet A., Cashier and Bookkeeper, Anamosa. 
 Curtis, Geo. W., Jr., Lumber Dealer, Omaha, Neb. 
 
 Married Ida Patterson. 
 Farrington, Ella A., Mrs. Jas. D. McNair, Wessington, S. D. 
 
 Married September 17, 1894. 
 Fellingham, John H., Gen'l Sec'y R. R. Y. M. C. A., Mar- 
 
 shalltown. 
 
 Ph. B, S. U. L, '00. 
 
 Married Laura Lavinia Marsh, January 5, 1899. 
 
14 IOWA STATE NORMAL SCHOOL. 
 
 Fesenbeck, Ida, Critic Teacher, I. S. N. S. Training School, 
 
 Cedar Falls, 
 
 A. B, S. U. L, 'oo. 
 Fluke, Mary K., Mrs. H. E. Blackmar, Emmetsburg. 
 
 Married January i, 1895. 
 Gilchrist, Elizabeth, Walker. 
 Harrington, Matilda, Latin Teacher, Dubuque. 
 
 A. B., v ■diversity of Michigan, '98. 
 
 Harvey, Oliver M., Attorney at Law, Livingston, Mont. 
 
 Married Frances A. Tutton, August 7, 1901. 
 Humphrey, Maude, Mrs. A. Palmer, Maquoketa. 
 
 Ph. B., S. U. I., '98. 
 
 Married June 18, 1902. 
 Hursey, Geo. W., Principal of Schools, Upland, Cab 
 
 B. S., Iowa State College, '93. 
 Married Cora Learned, July 27, 1898. 
 
 Keeler, S. Sophie, Mrs. W. Walter Wilson, Stanhope. 
 
 Married March 1, 1898. 
 Laird, Fannie K., Mrs. Chas. F. Oliver, South Omaha, Neb. 
 
 Married February 22, 1899. 
 Magee, Carlton C, Manager Correspondence Agriculture Col- 
 lege, Sioux City, 1904, Residence Albuquerque, N. M. 
 
 Married Grace G. Griffin, December 26, 1895. 
 Maguire, Marie Ella, Mrs. Richard L. Wilson, Colorado 
 
 Springs, Colo. 
 
 B. A, S. U. I., '96. 
 
 Married September 10, 1896. 
 Marsh, Vinnie L., Mrs. J. H. Fellingham, Marshalltown. 
 
 Married January 5, 1899. 
 MlcAlvin, Jas. Gregg, Physician and Surgeon, Cedar Falls, 
 
 Ph. B., S. U. I., '96; M. D, '97. 
 
 Married Clara Hearst, June 7, 1898. 
 Neely, Edith, Mrs. R. C. McConnell, Monmouth, 111. 
 
 Married December, 1894. 
 
IOWA STATE NORMAL SCHOOL. 15 
 
 Northey, Delia F., Dubuque. 
 
 Ph. B., S. U. I., '98. 
 Rule, Carrie C, Des Moines. 
 Schwertley, Katherine, Student, University of Neb., Lincoln, 
 
 Nebraska. 
 Scott, Mary, Mrs. F. D. McRae, Blue Earth, Minn. 
 
 Married June n, 1895. 
 Smith, Lucie, Mrs. Forest C. Ensign, Council Bluffs. 
 
 Married December 29, 1896. 
 Smith, Mary H., High School Assistant, East Palestine, O. 
 Smith, Samuel Craig, Attorney at Law, Winterset. 
 
 Ph. B., S. U. L, '96; LL. B., '97. 
 
 Married Myrtle Dabney, December 20, 1899. 
 Thielen, Michael H., Physician and Surgeon, Grundy Center. 
 
 M D., S. U. I., '98. 
 
 Married Anna Hansen, January 10, 1899. 
 Tibbetts, Zuba., Mrs. Edward H. Harvey, Grade Teacher, 
 
 Liberal, Mo. 
 
 Married December 30, 1903. 
 Wescott, LeRoy A., Physician, Cherokee. 
 
 M. D., S. U. I., '01. 
 Whitmore, Clara B., House Physician, St. Joseph's Hospital, 
 
 Sioux City. 
 
 B. A., S. U. I., '00; M. D., '03. 
 Wild, Matilda A., Private Nurse, 71 E. 34th Place, Chicago, 
 
 Illinois. 
 Wilson, Adam M., Principal of Schools, Bald Mountain, Colo. 
 
 Married Beth Huntley, August 7, 1895. 
 Wilson, Richard L., Ticket Broker, Colorado' Springs, Colo. 
 
 Married Marie E. Maguire, September 10, 1896. 
 Younkin, Samuel, Lumber Dealer, Washington. 
 
 Married Abbie R. Gunn, September 23, 1896. 
 
16 IOWA STATE NORMAL SCHOOL. 
 
 Class 1895. 
 
 Arey, ( Ethel L., Assistant Librarian, I. S. N. S., Cedar Falls. 
 Asquith, Allie D., Mrs. Chas. Benson, Instructor in Western 
 
 Iowa Business College, Council Bluffs. 
 
 Married December 27, 1899. 
 Boss, Clara A., Principal of High School, Ames. 
 Boyle, John W., Farmer, Palouse, Wash. 
 Clark, Eugene Grant, Principal of Schools, Peterson. 
 
 Married Nettie M ! . Colby, August 15, 1900. 
 •Copeland, Edwin G., Pastor M. E. Church, Kenwood Park. 
 
 Ph. B., S. U. I., '98; S. T. B., Boston University School 
 
 of Theology, '02. 
 
 Married May Houser, September 12, 190 1. 
 Curtis, Edith H., Assistant Principal, Galva. 
 Ensign, Forest C, Principal of High School, Council Bluffs. 
 
 Ph. B., S. U. L, '97; M. A., '00. 
 
 Married Lucie M. Smith, December 29, 1896. 
 Fackler, J. T., Principal of Schools, Norwood, Colo. 
 
 Ph. B., Cornell College, '99. 
 Faris, Ina M. 
 Felmley, Mabel, Mrs. S. E. Yaggy, East Moriches, Long 
 
 Island, New York. 
 
 Married December 14, 1898. 
 Fitzgerald, Jas. E., Principal of Ward School, Sioux City. 
 
 Married Mary J. Wilson, June 23, 1896. 
 Fullerton, Robert, Instructor in Harmony and Musical His- 
 tory, and Director of Women's Glee Clubs, I. S. N. S., 
 
 Cedar Falls. 
 
 Married Ella Waters, June 14, 1900. 
 Gilbert, Ellis T., Teacher Douglass County, Neb,, 202 N. 8th 
 
 St., Council Bluffs. 
 
 B. S., Iowa State College, '92. 
 
 Married Viola Baxter, July 16, 1895. 
 
IOWA STATE NORMAL SCHOOL. 17 
 
 Hollis, Harlan R., Farmer, Hudson. 
 
 Married Mary E. Taylor, January 4, 1898. 
 Hudson, Nellie F., Principal Lowell School, Boone. 
 Krieg, Eimelie, Teacher, Austinville. 
 Kuehne, C. F., Principal of Schools, Radcliffe. 
 
 Married Hattie J. Palmer, August 21, 1895. 
 Larkin, Emma C, High School Assistant, Rolfe. 
 Leonard, Edward J., Farmer, Sugar Grove Farm, Waukee. 
 
 Married Zilla Miller, August 28, 1899. 
 Lewis, Chas. Levi, Furniture Dealer, Kanawha, 
 
 Ph. B., S, U. L, '99. 
 
 Married Margaret Vikingstad, August 18, 1901. 
 Mack, Minnie, Mrs. A. S. Gabrilson, New Hampton. 
 
 Married August 26, 1896. 
 Miller, Andrew J. 
 Miinkel, Lewis H., Superintendent of Schools, La Porte City. 
 
 Ph. B., S. U. L, '02. 
 
 Married Minnie A. Edwards, June 30, 1903. 
 Mueller, Herman A., Auditor of Madison County, Winter set. 
 
 Ph. B., S. U. I., '99. 
 Oleson, Ole N., Pastor of M. E. Church, Elliott, S. D. 
 
 A. B., S. U. L, '98. 
 
 Married Lulu A. Gates, October 3, 1901. 
 Patterson, 'Cora D., Seventh Grade Teacher, 1364 4th East St., 
 
 Salt Lake City, Utah. 
 Perkins, Daniel R., Teacher of Physics, Normal School, 
 
 Manila, Philippine Islands. 
 Rail, Edward E., High School Principal, Red Oak. 
 
 B. A., S. U, I., 'oo; Ph. D., Yale University, '03. 
 Randlett, Gordon W. 
 
 Married Emma Pitts, June 22, 1898. 
 Reever, Wm. H., Superintendent of Schools, Laurens. 
 Ph. B., S. U. I., '97. 
 Married Agnes T. Woods, December 26, 1900. 
 
18 IOWA STATE NORMAL SCHOOL. 
 
 Ripke, Mary H., Mrs, G. A. Wild, Santa Monica, Cal. 
 
 Married November £7, 1897. 
 Savage, Harry H., Superintendent of Schools, Denison. 
 
 Ph. B., S. U. I., '00. 
 
 Married Linnie A. Downs, August 8, 1900. 
 Snider, Wm. E., Pastor Livingston Circuit of M. E. Church, 
 
 Livingston, Mont. 
 
 Married Agnes B. Lane, April 3, 1900. 
 Stinson, Chas. E., Pastor M;. E. Church, Wellington, Mass. 
 
 Ph. B., Cornell College, '98. 
 Stock well, Steven S., Principal of Normal School of State 
 
 University of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyo. 
 
 Ph. B., S. U. I., 'op. 
 
 Married Erma L. Mbntillon, August 26, 1903. 
 Tool, Cassius E., Merchant, Edmund, Okla. 
 
 Married Myrtle Bell, July, 1895. 
 Woods, Frank C. 
 
 Married Etta L. Brooks, July 14, 1896. 
 
 Class 1896. 
 
 Arey, Amy, Critic Teacher, Primary Training School, I. S. 
 
 N. S., Cedar Falls. 
 
 Ph. B., Iowa College, '99. 
 Beard, Bertha, M. E. Missionary, Nan Chang, China. 
 Blodgett, Chas. E,, Superintendent of Schools, Logan. 
 
 A. B., Wesleyan University, '95 ; A. M., '98. 
 
 Married Irene R. Osgood, December 26, 1900. 
 Bronson, Edwin O., Principal of Schools, Dunlap. 
 
 Married Claudia Robison, August 15, 1899. 
 Bryan, Luther C, Superintendent of Schools, Rockwell City. 
 Burgess, Elizabeth, 438 W. 5th St., Pomona, Cal. 
 Burris, Walter G., Publisher Educational Specialties, Val- 
 paraiso, Ind. 
 
 Married Emma F. Manker, February 25, 1903. 
 
IOWA STATE NORMAL SCHOOL. 19 
 
 Clark, Florence Lillian, Practicing- Law, Washington, D. C. 
 
 B. L., Washington College of Law, '03. 
 Edwards, Minna A., Mrs. L. H. Minkel, La Porte City. 
 
 Married June 30, 1903. 
 Hansen, S. Stena, Teacher of Mathematics, High School, 
 
 Washington. 
 Johnson, J. Ed., Traveling Salesman. 
 Johnson, Lillie, Sixth Grade Teacher, 611 Water St., Albert 
 
 Lea, Minn. 
 Johnson, Nellie, High School Teacher, Belle Plaine. 
 Locke, Chas. E., Teacher, Commercial High School, City 
 
 Schools, 618 Grant Bldg., Los Angeles, Cal. 
 
 Ph. B., Western College, '99. 
 Lyon, Willard H., Attorney at Law, Pella. 
 
 LL. B., University of Michigan, '02. 
 Mackin, Margaret E. 
 McElmeel, Owen P., Attorney at Law. 
 McManus, O. J., Superintendent of Pottawattamie County 
 
 Schools, Council Bluff's. 
 
 Married Florence Baker, July 25, 1900. 
 
 Monroe, Edgar R., Farmer, Exline. 
 
 Morrison, Bertha C, Student, Theological School, 7 7 Myrtle 
 St., Boston, Mass. 
 
 A. B., Simpson College, '8i. 
 
 Rogers, Earl B., Intern., Cook County Hospital, Chicago, 111. 
 
 B. S., S. U. I., '00; M. D., N. W. Univ. Medical School, 
 '02. 
 
 Married Marie T. Gnam, November 27, 1902. 
 Saunders, Jas. C, Principal of Schools, Rockford. 
 
 B. S-, Western College, '95. 
 Shaffer, Fannie, Fifth Grade Teacher, 925 19th St., Des 
 
 Moines. 
 
 Sheean, Jennie W., Seventh Grade Teacher, Galena, 111. 
 
 Singer, Anna M., Instructor in German and English Grammar, 
 Marion. 
 
20 IOWA STATE NORMAL SCHOOL. 
 
 Sitler, Anna L. 
 
 Steele, Harriet. 
 
 Stein, Harry S., Principal of Schools, Danbury. 
 
 Thompson, Harry E., Draftsman, Three Rivers, Mich. 
 
 M. E., Cornell University, '02. 
 Tool, Mrs. Myrtle Bell, Edmund, Neb. 
 Torney, Samuel J., Physician, Stacy ville. 
 
 M. D., College of Physicians and Surgeons, '00. 
 Walker, T. S., Manager of Stock Farm, Whiting. 
 
 B. S., Iowa Wesleyan University, '99. . 
 
 Married Marion McFarland, September 22, 1897. 
 Weldy, Morton E., Law Student, Harvard University, 49 
 
 College House, Cambridge, Mass, 
 
 A. B, S, U. I., '99. 
 
 Weldy, Nellie E., Mrs. W. A. Sexsmith, New Sharon. 
 Married August 18, 1900. 
 
 Welty, Ira C, Superintendent of Story County Schools, Ne- 
 vada. 
 
 Ph. B, S. U. L, '98. 
 Married Florence Kaufman, July 6, 1899. 
 
 Wilson, John A., Real Estate Agent, Spokane, Wash. 
 
 Wyant, Richard M., Pastor Mi. E. Church, Lansing. 
 
 Class 1897. 
 
 Brundage, Blaine R., Cashier in Bank, Tishomingo, Ind. Ter. 
 Married Mamie E. Bissell, June 6, 1900. 
 
 Button, H. Eugene, Lawyer, Alden. 
 LL. B., Drake University, '99. 
 Married Jean C. Bassett, March 17, 1894. 
 
 Calderwood, Ruby E., Mrs. Elmer Wood, Moulton. 
 Married August 19, 1903. 
 
 Clark, Anna L., Practicing Law, 504 E St., N. W., Wash- 
 ington, D. C. 
 
 B. L., Washington College of Law, '03. 
 
IOWA STATE NORMAL SCHOOL. 21 
 
 Clayton, Chas. E. 
 
 Curtis, Grace E., Student, State Normal School, 1524 Eighth 
 
 Ave., Greeley, Colo. 
 Davis, Charlotte M., High School Assistant, Oar ion. 
 Davis, Deborah, Principal of High School, Estherville. 
 Dodds, Calvin S., Principal of Schools, Monona. 
 Dougan, Archie M., Ranchman, Plankington, S. D. 
 Elwood, Ralph A., Centerville. 
 
 Groves, Ada Dell, High School Teacher, E. Des Moines. 
 Huey, Elizabeth, Mrs. W. S. Calderwood, Rouleau, Assa., 
 
 Canada. 
 
 Married January 1, 1902. 
 Hunt, Percival, Teacher of English Literature, S. U. I., Iowa 
 
 City. 
 
 B. A., S. U. I., 'oi. 
 Johnson, Chas F., Gen'l Sec'y Y. M. C. A., Des Moines, 
 
 Married Myrtle A. Boardman, June 6, 1900. 
 Johnson, Joseph O., Student, S. U. L, Iowa City. 
 Kelley, J. Herbert, President of University Preparatory. 
 
 School, Tonkawa, Okla. 
 
 B. S., Cornell College, '00. 
 Kennedy, May L., Mrs, A. O. Christopher, Fairfield. 
 
 Married May 23, 1899., 
 Kirby, Joseph M., Teacher, Longmont, Colo. 
 Kyler, Wm. E., Cashier, German Bank, Luverne. 
 
 Married Nella Niver, June 18, 1902. 
 Lambert, Byron J., Assistant Instructor, Engineering Dept, 
 
 S. U. L, Iowa City. 
 
 Married Helen Davidson, November 8, 1902. 
 Lambert, Chas. I., Assistant Instructor in Bacteriology and 
 
 Pathology, and Assistant Surgeon, S. U. I., Iowa City. 
 
 M. S,, S. U. I, 'oj; M. D., '03. 
 Lambert, Emma, Student, S. U. I., Iowa City. 
 
22 IOWA STATE NORMAL SCHOOL. 
 
 Lambert, John J., Instructor in Animal Morphology and Phy- 
 siology, S. U. L, Iowa City. 
 
 Ph. B., S. U. L, '99. 
 
 Married Gertrude Bennett, August 22, 1900. 
 Larkin, Chas. W., Teacher in Mt. Pleasant Academy, Mt. 
 
 Pleasant. 
 
 M. S., Iowa Wesleyan University, '91. 
 Lees, Jas. Henry, Student and Fellow in Geology, University 
 
 of Chicago, Chicago, 111. 
 
 B. A., Coe College, '01 ; M. S., S. U. I., '02. 
 Leonard, Norman M., Farmer, Waukee. 
 
 Married Jennie M. Hewitt, June 16, 1901. 
 Mack, Florence, Mrs. W. A. Farr, Nashua. 
 
 Married February 8, 1899. 
 Minkel, Robert H., Principal of Schools, Omemee, N. D. 
 Mitchell, Maggie J., High School Assistant, Hartley. 
 Moore, Lina H., High School Teacher, Stuart. 
 
 A. B., S. U. I. 
 Mulinex, Chase E., Farmer, Lisbon, N. D. 
 
 Married Jennie Johnson, December 17, 1902. 
 Nelson, E. C. 
 
 M]arried Julia Nielsen, August, 1899. 
 Otis, Caroline, High School Assistant, Lake Mills. 
 Park, Elmer, Gen'l Sec'y of Associated Charities, Keokuk. 
 
 Ph. B., S. U. L, '00. 
 
 Married Bertha Helwig, June 17, 1902. 
 Randall, Otis, Superintendent of Schools, Charkston, Wash. 
 
 Married Elizabeth Haner, December 30, 1903. 
 Rhoad, Maud R. 
 Robinson, Etta A., Mrs. Edward I. Cantine, 45 Watson Ave., 
 
 East Orange, N. J. 
 
 Married August 7, 1901. 
 
IOWA STATE NORMAL SCHOOL. 23 
 
 Sandy, Wm. R.., Superintendent of Calhoun County Schools, 
 Rockwell City. 
 Married Maude F. Anderson, July 25, 1900. 
 
 Shaffer, Carl J., Physician, Carson. 
 ML D., S. U. I, '03. 
 
 Shaffer, Pearl M., First Lieutenant, 13th U. S. Infantry, In- 
 structor Military Science and Tactics, K. S., A. C, Man- 
 hattan, Kansas. 
 
 Sparks, Wm., Principal of State Reform School, Salem, Ore. 
 
 Sparr, Rosa E., Grade Teacher, Sioux City. ...... 
 
 Sullivan, Grace, Primary Teacher, Des Moines. 
 
 Wyant, Bertha V., Teacher in High School, Sigourney. 
 
 Class 1898. 
 
 Anderson, J. H. 
 
 Married Matilda O. Kiel, December 26, 1898. 
 Bechly, Edward, Newpaper Work, Muscatine. 
 
 Ph. B., S. U. I., '01. 
 Bowen, Lizzie, Primary Teacher, Dubuque. 
 Brewer, Ida Mae, Teacher of Latin, High School, Eagle Grove. 
 Burrell, Clarence J., Railway Postal Clerk, Jesup. 
 
 B. S., U. I. U., '94. 
 Calderwood, Etta, Mrs. Paul F. Cooper, 211 Oklahoma Ave. 
 
 S., Shawnee, Okla. 
 
 Married July 12, 1899. 
 Cooper, Morris M., Industrial Teacher, Chemawa, Ore. 
 Crocker, Edwin P., Principal of Schools, Rock Valley. 
 Curkeet, Rena M., Instructor Instrumental Music, I. S. N. S., 
 
 Cedar Falls. 
 Curtis, Cora G., Student, S. U. I., Iowa City. 
 Fuller, MertonL., Assistant Weather Bureau Observer, Spring- 
 field, 111. 
 
 Married Nancy Golden, August 2, 1901. 
 Fullerton, Frank N. 
 
24 IOWA STATE NORMAL SCHOOL. 
 
 Haroldson, Ida, Teacher, Spirit Lake. 
 Hollis, Edward L., Physician, Luverne. 
 
 M. D., Hahnemann Medical College, '03. 
 Jaynes, Manning-, Medical Student, S. U. L, 409 E. Jefferson 
 
 St., Iowa City. 
 Kamphoefner, Chas H., Pastor M. E. Church, Wall Lake. 
 
 A. B., Wesleyan University, '95 ; A. M., '98. 
 
 Married Amelia Leveke, September 1, 1898. 
 Landis, Maude. . 
 
 Leydig, Ida F., Superintendent of Butler County Schools, Alli- 
 son. 
 Longstreth, O. D., Student, S. U. I., 105 N. Capitol St., Iowa 
 
 City. 
 
 Married Mamie Bast, November 30, 1900. 
 Lyon, Chas. W., Superintendent of Schools, Valley Junction. 
 
 LL. B., '02 ; LL. M., '03, Drake University. 
 
 Married Grace Minnis, August 14, 1901. 
 Manson, Almon A. 
 Meyerholz, Charles, Graduate Student, Harvard University, 
 
 Cambridge, Mass. 
 
 Ph. B., S. U. t; '02 ; A. M., '03., 
 Miller, Evelyn, Principal of High School, Cedar Falls. 
 Mo wry, Fannie May, Eighth Grade Teacher, 1208 7th St. 
 
 S. E., Minneapolis, Minn. 
 Mowry, Jason L., Ventura, Cal. 
 
 Nichelson, Arthur M., Insurance Agent, Sioux Center. 
 Reese, Emma L., Principal of Schools, Ralston. 
 Shultis, Frank W., Principal of Schools, Keswick. 
 Sloss, Jeanette V. 
 
 Swaggart, L. B., Principal of Central Bldg., Boise City, Idaho. 
 Thompson, Janie K., Mrs. Frank Graham, Clarksville. 
 TYoutner, Celia Grace, Teacher of Natural Science, High 
 
 School, 913 W. 8th St., Des Moines. 
 
IOWA STATE NORMAL SCHOOL. 25 
 
 Vance, Joe E., Superintendent of Linn County Schools, Cedar 
 Rapids. 
 Married Jennie Belle Krebs, December 26, 1901. 
 
 Class 1899. 
 
 Arnett, Susie. 
 
 Ballard, Geo. H., Graduate Student, S. U. I., Iowa City. 
 
 Barnt, Jessie M,. Mrs. J. R. Lucas, Rockwell City. 
 
 Married June 10, 1903. 
 Bartlett, Edward C, Pastor M. E. Church, Guttenberg. 
 
 Married Cora A. Snider, November 14, 1900. 
 Bell, William B. B. A., S. U. I, '02 ; M. S, '03. 
 Bell, Willis J., Superintendent of Schools, Alta. 
 Boardman, Benjamin, Principal of Schools, Shelby. 
 
 Ph. B., S, U. I., '01. 
 
 Married Faith I. Stuntz, August 18, 1903. 
 Bozarth, Maud, High School Teacher, Charles City. 
 
 Ph. B., S. U. I., '03. 
 Bridges, Wm. H., Real Estate Dealer, Fonda. 
 Bronson, Frank A., Superintendent of Schools, Lakota, N. D. 
 Bushyager, Lizzie, Teacher, Rural School, Sheffield. 
 Calderwood, Mae, Traer. 
 Ede, Ernest D., Superintendent of Schools, Center ville, S. D. 
 
 Ph. B., S. U. L, '01. 
 Eighmey, Edith M., High School Teacher, Storm Lake. 
 Ellison, John H., Principal of Schools, Soldier, Idaho. 
 Ensign, Chas. T., Pastor M. E. Church, Aplington. 
 
 B. A., Cornell College, '02. 
 Waller, Mary Ethel, Charles City. 
 Whitmore, Olive, Mrs. A. C. Fuller, Sidney. 
 
 Married August 7, 1901. 
 Wiler, Wesley, Dental Student, S. U. L, Iowa City. 
 Foote, Maude L., Seventh Grade Teacher, E. Waterloo. 
 
26 IOWA STATE NORMAL SCHOOL. 
 
 Fuller, A. C, Jr., Superintendent of Schools, Sidney. 
 Mkrried Olive Whitmore, August 7, 1901. 
 
 Hudgens, Thomas, Farmer and Teacher, Missouri. 
 
 Hutchinson, Martha, Student, University of Iowa, 318 S. Du- 
 buque St., Iowa City. 
 
 Jarnagin, W. Claude, Associate Editor, Cedar Falls Record, 
 Cedar Falls. 
 Married Jean Gilchrist, May 3, 1903. 
 
 McClenahan, Perry E., Superintendent of Schools, Winter set. 
 Married Alta A. Birdsall, August 30, 1899. 
 
 Mcllravey, Frank D., Principal Hopkins Bldg., 921 W. 14th 
 St., Sioux City. 
 Married Jessie M. Campbell, June 24, 1903. 
 
 Miller, Almond D., Attorney at Law, Des Moines. 
 
 Miller, E. C, Teacher in Philippines. 
 
 A. B., Central University of Iowa, '96. 
 
 Minor, Nell L 
 
 Morris, Winnifred, Teacher of English, High School, In- 
 dianola. 
 
 Mueller, Geo. E., Principal of Schools, Wesley. 
 
 Parker, Leora A., Mrs. C. A. Emerson, Jesup. 
 Married June 10, 1902. 
 
 Perkins, Frank W., Farmer, Lebanon, Mo>. 
 
 Poor, Edna M., Local Editor, Independence Conservative, In- 
 dependence. 
 
 Potts, S. A., Traveling Agent, Inter-State School of Corre- 
 spondence, Cedar Falls. 
 
 Quigley, Benjamin, Produce Business, Savanna, 111. 
 Married Cora B. McCormick, June 30, 1903. 
 
 Read, Byron J., Principal of Schools, Wyoming. 
 Married Mattie Burns, August 2, 1899. 
 
 Rider, Etta J., Principal of Cherokee Indian Girls' Seminary, 
 Tallaqua, Ind. Ter. 
 
 Roberts, Martha, High School Principal, Cherokee. 
 
IOWA STATE NORMAL. SCHOOL. 27 
 
 Samson, Paul B., Student, Y. M. C. A. Training School, 
 Springfield, Mass. 
 
 Schenk, Casper, Law Student, Harvard University, 16 How- 
 land St., Cambridge, Mass. 
 Ph. B., S. U. I., '03. 
 
 Scott, Harold E-, Editor Sibley Gazette, Sibley. 
 
 Sornson, L. P., Principal of Schools, Ewing, Neb. 
 
 Sutherland,, Chas. R., Law Student, S. U. I., Iowa City. 
 
 Townsend, Mjary L., Teacher of Domestic Science, City Y. W. 
 C. A., Milwaukee, Wis. 
 B. A., Wellesley College, '96. 
 
 Van Winkle, Mina, Second Grade Teacher, 764 S. Pennsyl- 
 vania Ave., Denver, Colo. 
 
 Volland, Roscoe H., Demonstrator of Operative Dentistry, S. 
 U. I., 602 N. Dubuque St., Iowa City. 
 . D. D. S., S. U. I., '02. 
 
 Married Mabel Montgomery, June 23, 1903. 
 
 Class 1900. 
 
 Achenbach, Naomi, Biology Teacher, High School, Marshall- 
 town. 
 Ph. B., S. U. I., '02. 
 
 Andrews, M. Adell, Fifth Grade Teacher, 3219 Hayward 
 Place, Denver, Colo. 
 
 Axtell, Carl E., Farmer, Dunkerton. 
 
 Married Eunice Summers, September, 1900. 
 
 Ball, Mlargarette, Principal of High School, Sanborn. 
 
 Barnett, E. Frances, Mrs. M. A. H. Jones, 635 S. Governor 
 St., Iowa City. 
 Married July 30, 1902. 
 
 Barrett, J. E., Law Student, Columbia University, 1260 Am- 
 sterdam Ave., New York City. 
 Ph. B., S, U. I., '03. 
 
 Beavers, B. J. 
 
28 IOWA STATE NORMAL SCHOOL. 
 
 Black, Anna Bell, Principal of Schools, Dayton. 
 
 Bock, Wm. J., Practicing Law, Lake Park. 
 LL. B., S. U. I., % 
 
 Bovee, Lulu, Mrs. B. L. Morrow, Waterloo. 
 Married December 29, 1903. 
 
 Boyle, James A., Ranchman, Palouse, Wash. 
 Married Mae I. Watson, January 20, 1904. 
 
 Cory, Chas. S., Superintendent of Schools, Humboldt. 
 B. S., S. U. I., '02. 
 
 Dane, Mildred L., Primary Teacher, Lacona. 
 
 Daugherty, Robert D., Principal of Washington Academy, 
 Washington. 
 
 Detwiller, Wm. G., Ward Principal, Sioux City. 
 
 Eckhard, Geo. F., Student, S. U. L, Iowa City. 
 
 Ewers, Albert F., Instructor in Botany, High School, 1 1 Riv- 
 er view, Davenport. 
 B. &, S. U. I., '02. 
 
 Gorman, Margaret A. 
 
 Hess, Benjamin G., Teacher, Zion City, 111. 
 
 Hill, Edward Cecil, Superintendent of Schools, Nashua. 
 Married Lola Wray, August 14, 1902. 
 
 Hunt, W. J., Principal of Schools, Miles. 
 
 Huntley, Jay O., Principal of Schools, Casey. 
 
 Ives, Katie Medora, Instructor in Science, High School, Le 
 Mars. 
 
 Jensen, Hannah. 
 
 Johnson, Joel E., Principal of Schools, Ireton. 
 Married Emma J. Ridgley, August 14, 1902. 
 
 Kendrick, James, Principal of High School, Missouri Valley. 
 
 Lamb, Manton J., Law Student, University of Minnesota, Uni- 
 versity P. O. Box 1 561, Minneapolis, Minn. 
 
 Logan, M. E. Principal of Schools, Wellman. 
 
 Married Margaret Esbenshade, August 7, 1901. 
 
IOWA STATE NORMAL SCHOOL. 29 
 
 Maclean, Elizabeth, Instructor of English, Iowa State Col- 
 lege, Ames. 
 Mark, Edward W. B., Principal of Schools, LeClaire. 
 Mercer, Cilena G., Mrs. Edgar E. Walker, 756 W. 60th St., 
 
 Chicago, 111. 
 
 Married September 17, 1902. 
 Morris, Rose A., Teacher, Liberty. 
 McKellar, Jennie E., High School Teacher, Estherville. 
 
 Ph. B., S. U. I., '02. 
 McNally, Elizabeth. 
 Orton, Olive Inez, Student, Nebraska State University, 1233 
 
 U St., Lincoln, Neb. 
 Owen, Arthur T. S., Principal of Schools, Farmington. 
 
 B. S., Knox College, '94. 
 
 Married Maude C. Greenlee, August 20, 1902. 
 Pierce, James M., Principal of Schools, Leon. 
 Reed, I. Leslie, Superintendent of Schools, Northwood. 
 
 Ph. B., S. U. I., '03. 
 Riggs, Blanche E., Teacher of English, High School, Mason 
 
 City. 
 Rodman, Abbie A. 
 
 Severance, Chas. F., Manager Restaurant, Belle Plaine. 
 Shaftner, Ira F. 
 
 Married Mae B. Davison, November 21, 1900. 
 Shearer, Chas. P., Life Insurance Agent, Cumberland. 
 Sifford, Elma, Teacher, Lake City. 
 Silver, Wm. E., Traveling Salesman, Gladbrook. 
 
 Married Olive Pond, March 21, 1901. 
 Smith, Nellie L-, Second Grade Teacher, Marshalltown. 
 Speer, Jennie M., Science Teacher, High School, Waterloo. 
 Spicer, Lucy E., Student, Chicago University, 5800* Jackson 
 
 Ave., Chicago, 111. 
 Stuntz, Faith I., Mrs. Benjamin Boardman, Shelby. 
 
 Married August 18, 1903. 
 
30 IOWA STATE NORMAL SCHOOL. 
 
 Timmerman, M. R., Principal of Schools, Wall Lake. 
 
 Married Hattie E. Higley, August 29, 1900. 
 Tobin, Margaret A., Mlrs. Harlow M. Pratt, Post Graduate 
 
 Student, S. U. I. B. A., S. U. I., '03. 
 
 Married January 1, 1902. 
 Wakefield, Clara, Mrs. Arthur C. Cole, Perry. 
 
 Married September 4, 1902. 
 Wassam, Clarence, Student, S. U. I., 220 N. Dubuque St., 
 
 Iowa City. Ph. B., S. U. L, '03. 
 Wilson, Ida May, High School Teacher, Mediapolis. 
 Woodruff, John P., Superintendent of Schools, Kemmerer, 
 
 Wyo. 
 
 Married Lula M. Wood, August 15, 1900. 
 Wyant, Arthur C, Dental Student, S. U. I., Iowa City. 
 
 i 
 
 Class 1901. 
 
 Arent, Palmine. 
 
 Arnett, Elizabeth A., High School Assistant, Tabor. 
 
 Atchley, John W., Principal of Schools, Minden. 
 
 Married Anna Hoi way, June 11, 1903. 
 Baker, Earl Smith, Student, S. U. I., 225 N. Linn St., Iowa 
 
 City. 
 Balzer, Geo. J., Instructor in Physics, University of Wisconsin, 
 
 229 W. Gilman St., Madison, Wis. 
 
 A. B., University of Michigan, '02. 
 Barber, Frank A., Principal of Schools, San Antonio, Cal. 
 Barrett, Lou P., Eighth Grade Teacher, 722 Broadway, Brain- 
 
 erd, Minn. 
 Bidlack, Lura, High School Teacher, Coon Rapids. 
 Burton, Wm. A., Principal of Schools, Kingsley. 
 Christiansen, Jens, Student S. U. I., Iowa City. 
 Clifford, Elizabeth, Homesteading, Mohall, N. D. 
 Curtis, L. D., Principal of Schools, Center Point. 
 
IOWA STATE NORMAL SCHOOL. 31* 
 
 Danskin, Ella, Mrs. Frank Straw, Andover, S. D. 
 
 Married March 19, 1902. 
 Else, Frank W., Superintendent of Schools, Mt. Pleasant. 
 
 A. B., Penn College, '96; A. M., Haver ford, '97. 
 
 Married Mary E. Himes, August 29, 1903. 
 Estes, R. M., Editor Fremont County Herald, Sidney. 
 
 Married Anna Dryden, July 30, 1902. 
 Evans, Alma E., High School Teacher, Missoula, Mont. 
 Galloway, Geo., Superintendent of Schools, Lansing. 
 Glackemyer, H. A., Principal of Schools, Rippey. 
 Halstead, A. L., Principal of Schools, Renwick. 
 Hawk, Tho<s. E,, Stenographer, International Harvester Co., 
 
 428-430-432 First Street N., Minneapolis, Minn. 
 Hayden, U. Grant, Deputy County Clerk, Wapello. 
 Hoag, Nellie, Student, Leland Stanford Jr. Univ., California. 
 Hostetter, Bella, Eighth Grade Teacher, 617 8th St., Cedar 
 
 Rapids. 
 Howard, Frank E., Superintendent of Schools, Bedford. 
 Hutchison, Jennie G., Instructor in Latin, I. S. N. S., Cedar 
 
 Falls. A. B., University of Chicago, '99. 
 Kolb, Frank Lewis, Principal of Schools, Oto. 
 
 Married Lucretia A. Buckner, June 3, 1903. 
 Kuhn, Elmer E., Principal of Schools, Lenox. 
 Long, Lillian E., Student, Sinsinaway College, Wisconsin. 
 Lund, Ella, High School Assistant, Lenox. 
 Lyon, Mildred, Assistant Principal, Williams. 
 Magee, Wm. G., Student, Northwestern University Medical 
 
 School, 2436 Prairie Ave., Chicago, 111. 
 McCulloch, John W., Principal of Schools, Wapello. ' 
 Marsh, Ruth ML, Student, S. U. L, 411 N. Dubuque St., 
 
 Iowa City. 
 Miller, Cap E., Superintendent of Keokuk County Schools, 
 
 Sigourney. 
 
, 32 IOWA STATE NORMAL SCHOOL. 
 
 Mitchell, Lela, Stenographer in Abstract Office, Albany, Ore, 
 
 Moore, Chas., U., Solicitor, Shreveport, La. 
 
 Nelson, Miller S- 
 
 Nutting, Jessie G., Mrs. H. L. Priest, Grade Teacher, Tabor. 
 
 Married December 22, 1902. 
 Parker, Lo<rne F., Assistant Cashier in Bank, Larrabee. 
 Pelzer, Louis, Student, S. U. L, Iowa City. 
 Pierce, Juliette, Principal of Normal Dept., Buena Vista Col- 
 lege, Storm Lake. Ph. B., S. U. L, '03. 
 Prall, T. M., Superintendent of Schools, Chamberlain, S. D. 
 
 B. Ped., Dakota University, '99. 
 
 Married Laura Bowie, December 25, 1901. 
 Ray, Wm. H., Principal of Schools, Gowrie. 
 
 Married Mabel Shaw, June 23, 1903. 
 Rhoads, Grace, Teacher, Rural School, Belview, Minn. 
 Roberts, Mark I., Principal of Schools, Lorimor. 
 Rourke, Mary, Principal of Schools, Farley. 
 Rownd, Nellie M., Cedar Falls. 
 Satterthwaite, Geo. W., Teacher, Philippine Islands. 
 Scallon, Hubert W., Law Student, S. U. I., Iowa City. 
 
 Ph. B., S. U. I., '03. 
 Schregardus, Wm, F., Student, University of Michigan, 324 
 
 E. Jefferson St., Ann Arbor, Mich. 
 Sebolt, Frank R., Real Estate Dealer, Regina, Assn., N. W. T. 
 
 A. B., Simpson College, '99. 
 Seerley, Clem C, Student, S. U. I., Iowa City. 
 Shaw, Mabel, Mrs. W. H. Ray, Gowrie. 
 
 Married June 23, 1903. 
 Stone, Altha, Grade Teacher, Wall Lake. 
 Voelker, Paul F., Superintendent of Schools, Ida Grove. 
 Wall, Mary C, Student, Oberlin College, Oberlin, O. 
 Walsh, Bridget V., Teacher St. Mary's Academy, Omaha, Neb. 
 Warren, Edward J., Farmer, Keosauqua. 
 
IOWA STATE NORMAL SCHOOL. 33 
 
 Watson, Emery E., Student, S. U. I., 220 N. Dubuque St., 
 
 Iowa City. 
 Wright, Luella M., Student, S. U. I., Iowa City. 
 Yeager, Charles, Principal of Schools, Keota. 
 
 Class 1902. 
 
 Achenbach, E- Beth, Student, S. U. I., 4 E. Market St., Iowa 
 
 City. 
 Ankerman, Lina. 
 Asquith, Benjamin S., Principal of Schools, Bellevue. 
 
 Married Nellie Anderson, September 1, 1903. 
 Barr, Robert D., Principal of Schools, Castana. 
 
 Married Gail H. Loveless, June 17, 1902. 
 Benson, Charles, Instructor in* "Normal Department, Western 
 
 Iowa College, Council Bluffs. 
 Black, Edna, High School Assistant, Pomeroy. 
 Blaska, Ada L,., Assistant Principal, Livermore. 
 Brinton, E. A., Principal of Schools, Marcus. 
 
 Married Rilla B. Bates, June 10, 1903. 
 Cavett, C. W., Principal of Township High School, Little 
 
 Cedar. 
 Crary, Geo. H., Medical Student, University of Michigan, 
 
 Ann Arbor. M'ich. 
 Dixon, O. E., Superintendent of Schools, Parkersburg. Ph. B., 
 
 Penn College, '90. 
 Fesenbeck, Sedona L-, Student, University of Michigan, Ann 
 
 Arbor, Mich. 
 Freeman, Florence, Grade Teacher, Rochester, Minn. 
 Gilbert, C. H., Principal of Ward School, Eagle Grove. 
 
 Married Mabelle C. House, March 31, 1903. 
 Hammond, Philo Fay, Student, University of Michigan, Ann 
 
 Arbor, Mich. 
 Hochstetler, Mame E., Dexter. 
 
34 IOWA STATE NORMAL SCHOOL. 
 
 Kiesau, H. O., Student, S. U. I., Iowa City. 
 Kirkpatrick, J. O., High School Assistant, Harlan. 
 Knupp, S. C, Student, S. U. I., Iowa Citv. 
 Lamb, Willis E., Principal of Schools, Scranton. 
 Larrison, Orrell, High School Teacher, Dexter. 
 Montgomery, Margaret, English Teacher, High School, \V. 
 
 Waterloo. 
 Oleson, C. J., Student, Northwestern University, 21 19 Maple 
 
 Ave., Evanston, 111. 
 Oleson, O. N., Principal of Schools, Ionia. 
 Parish, John C, High School Assistant, Winterset. 
 Patten, David, Principal of Schools, Pomeroy. 
 Patton, Mrs. Mary, Instructor in Latin Dept., Central Normal 
 
 College, Danville, Indiana^ 
 Phelps, J. H., Teaching, Surrey, N. D. 
 Poots, F. A., Principal of Schools, Delmont. 
 Quigley, Samuel, Head of English Dept., University Prep. 
 
 School, Tonkawa, Okla. 
 Ramseyer, C. W., Student, S. U. I., 113 Prentiss St., Iowa 
 
 City. 
 Rhodes, Luke C, Grammar Grade Teacher, Paullina. 
 Roadman, Velma, Grade Teacher, Grundy Center. 
 Schneider, D. D., Student, S. U. I., 425 Iowa Ave., Iowa City. 
 Smith, Ernest C, Superintendent of Schools, Ouray, Colo. 
 Stoakes, Chas. S., Medical Student, University of Nebraska, 
 
 1 120 P St., Lincoln, Neb. 
 Vogel, E. W., Principal of Schools, Newell. 
 Wheeler, Forrest Z., Science Teacher, Guthrie County High 
 
 School, Panora. 
 Wright, Lydia May, Supervisor of Drawing, Red Oak. 
 Wydell, A. O., Principal of Schools, Slater. 
 
IOWA STATE NORMAL SCHOOL. 35 
 
 Class 1903. 
 
 Aitchison, Alison E., Assistant in Geography, L S. N. S. 
 
 Cedar Falls. 
 Burnett, Bessie, High School Assistant, Oakland. 
 Carmen, J. Ernest, High School Assistant, Council Bluffs 
 
 B. S., Simpson College, '01. 
 Collins, Erie Dell, Grade Teacher, Shell Rock. 
 Connor, Gertrude, Assistant Principal, Allison. 
 Cross, J. Foy, Student, I. S. N. S., Cedar Falls. 
 Dunkerton, John M., Science Teacher and Physical Director, 
 
 Capital Park School, 1331 E. 12th St., Des Moines. 
 Francis, Will, Teacher, Earlham. 
 Heightshoe, Agnes, Principal of High School, Perry. 
 Hetzler, Henry, Principal of Schools, Mlassena. 
 Hoats, John Roy, High School Assistant, East Waterloo. 
 Hoxie, Nellie N., Science Teacher, High School, Waterloo. 
 Jensen, Mary L., High School Teacher, Dexter. 
 Joy, Albert C, Principal of Schools, Whittemore. 
 Kerstetter, Susan, Student, S. U. I., 224 N. Dubuque St., 
 
 Iowa City. 
 King, A. D., Principal of Schools, Lewis. 
 Knoche, Kate, Grade Teacher, Cedar Falls. 
 Korinke, Edith, Grade Teacher, E. Waterloo. 
 Lester, Kate, High School Assistant, Villisca. 
 Martin, G. Lester, Principal of Schools, Washta. 
 McCall, Jennie, Grade Teacher, Shell Rock. 
 McCullough, Clara E., Student, S. U. I., 103 N. Capital St., 
 
 Iowa City. 
 Miller, Jessie I., Creston. 
 
 Mueller, Oscar O., Principal of Schools, Stacy ville. 
 Reid, Albert S., Principal of Schools, Murray. A. B., '96; 
 
 A. M., '97, Drake University; M. A., Yale University '00. 
 Ross, Esta V., Room Teacher, I. S. N. S. Training School, 
 
 Cedar Falls, 
 
36 IOWA STATE NORMAL SCHOOL. 
 
 Scallon, Margaret Mary, Teacher, Rural School, Ackley. 
 
 Shuttleworth, I. D., Superintendent of Schools, Oakland. 
 
 Smith, F. O., Principal of Schools, Buffalo Center. 
 
 Strawn, E. E., Principal of Commercial Dept., Business Uni- 
 versity, Spencer. 
 
 Wallace, Agnes, Grade Teacher, Cedar Falls. 
 
 Wood, Daisy, Student, Cornell College, Mount Vernon. 
 
 Wooley, Jeanette S., High School Assistant, Cedar Falls. 
 
 Wright, Arthur H., Student, S. U. L, 635 S. Governor S ., 
 Iowa City. 
 
 BACHELOR OF DIDACTICS. 
 
 The degree of Bachelor of Didactics has been given for 
 completing courses one year shorter than the full courses. 
 When persons have taken also the advanced degree, their loca- 
 tion and work will be found in that part of the register. 
 
 Class 1878. 
 
 Bond, David K., B. 3., '81. 
 Gilchrist, Maude, B. S., '80. 
 
 Class 1879. 
 
 Benham, Wm. L, B. S„ 'Si. 
 
 Fitch, Annie E., Mrs. W. C. Sloan, Waterloo. 
 
 Married in 1883. 
 McGovern, Anna E., B. S., '80. 
 Mullarkey, Kate E,. Mrs. A. Sartori, Le Mars. 
 
 Married April 13, 1882. 
 
 Class 1880. 
 
 Mbyer, Edward T., B. S., '8i. 
 Rawstern, Eliza, Mrs. D. S. Wright, Cedar Falls. 
 Married in 1880. 
 
IOWA STATE NORMAL SCHOOL. 37 
 
 Class 1881. 
 
 Barrett, Lou P., M. Di., '01. 
 
 Overman, Jessie, Mrs. Chas. W. Collins, Mayer, Ariz. 
 Married in 1888. 
 
 Class 1882. 
 
 Anders, Horace F., Insurance and Real Estate Agent, Iowa 
 
 Falls. 
 
 Married Flora Guthrie, September 13, 1884. 
 Newton, George W., Professor of Natural Science, I. S. N. 
 
 S., Cedar Falls. 
 
 B. S., S. U. L, '87; A. M., '90. 
 
 Married Miarion Ross, June 16, 1898. 
 Williams, Carrie M., Mrs. Chas. D. Williams, Elmore, Minn. 
 
 Married in 1887. 
 Williams, Ella D., Primary Teacher, Waterloo. 
 
 Class 1883. 
 
 Bartlett, Elmer E-, Bookkeeper, State Bank, Cedar Falls. 
 B. S., Iowa College, '87; M. S., University of Mich., '94. 
 
 Bartlett, William A., Principal of High School, 227 W. San- 
 born St., Winona, Minn. A. M., Iowa College, '90. 
 IVCarried Emily Maude White, Dec. 24, 1897. 
 
 Best, Elmer E., Physician, Clarion. M. D., Chicago Home- 
 opathic Medical College, '96; College of Physicians and 
 Surgeons, '99. 
 Married Laura Wheeler, January 20, 1896. 
 
 Burbeck, Alice F., Mrs. Chas. E. Harker. 
 Married in 1886. 
 
 Davis, Nettie M,, Mrs. John W. Smurr. 
 Married in 1885. 
 
 Ensign, Clarissa A., New Hartford. 
 
38 IOWA STATE NORMAL SCHOOL. 
 
 Griffin, Edward H., Editor Messenger, Atlantic. 
 
 Married Zina Young, August 19, 1887. 
 Hearst, Mamie, M. Di., '92. 
 Hurley, Alice M., Mrs. John T. Boylan, Eldora. 
 
 Married June 20, 1894. 
 Marble, Jennie, Mrs. Frank M. Crowl. 
 
 Married in 1892. 
 Neville, Kate E., Mrs. Lot L. Feltham. 
 
 Married September 21, 1893. 
 Rae, Marguerite, Mrs. E. R. Nichols, Manhattan, Kans. 
 
 Married December 28, 1888. 
 Reynolds, Armindia R. 
 Rogers, Lottie E., Mrs, A. F. Ames. 
 
 Married September 28, 1887. 
 
 Class 1884. 
 
 Burgess, Otto F., Superintendent of the Christian and Mis- 
 sionary Alliance, 21 Winding Way, Binghamton, N. Y. 
 Married Minnie M. Lane, June 10, 1889. 
 
 Carroll, Warren D., Attorney at Law, Benton Harbor, Mjch. 
 LL. B., S. U. I., '88. 
 Married Elia M. Riford, May 15, 1891. 
 
 Chase, Emma Lura, Mrs. Lura Chase Kingman, Cedar Falls. 
 
 Cowan, Isabella, B. S., '89. 
 
 Crosley, Lillian L., B. S., '89. 
 
 Dayton, Delia A., Mrs. Geo. S. Mornin, Cedar Falls. 
 Married February 14, 1894. 
 
 Dayton, Lora M., Mrs. J. W. Robinson, Algona. 
 Married September, 1892. 
 
 Herbert, Stella F., Mrs. A. W. Hartshorn. 
 
 Hull, Harry A., President U. S. Grant Mines Co., 703 Stock- 
 Exchange, Chicago, 111. 
 Married Lizzie Bastain, 1889. 
 
IOWA STATE NORMAL SCHOOL. 39 
 
 King, Dora A, B. S., '88. 
 Maxwell, Hattie M., Mrs. Ed. Miller. 
 
 Married in 1889. 
 Patton, Anna L., Mrs. G. H. Main, 4037 Charles St., Omaha, 
 
 Neb. 
 
 Married December 22, 1886. 
 Buckingham, Ella F., B. S., '88. 
 Bunnell, Rachel, Teacher, Missouri Valley. 
 Carlon, Josephine, Mrs. R. F. Skiff, Iowa Falls. 
 
 Married September 11, 1889. 
 Chassell, Olin B., B. S., '88. 
 Cole, Georgiana, Mrs. H. J. Miller, Livingston, Mont. 
 
 Married in 1889. 
 Davis, Wilbur, Publishers' Agent, Cedar Falls. 
 Felmley, Albert E., B. S., '90. 
 Felmley, Alice, Mrs. Frank N. Packard, Cherokee. 
 
 Miarried November 27, 1897. 
 Folsom, Annis R., Mrs, H. F. Merrill, 643 N. Pilgrim St., 
 
 Stockton, Calif. 
 
 Married in 1888. 
 Hazen, Winifred E., Mrs. Rufus W. Sloan, 11 19 Pierce St., 
 
 Sioux City. 
 
 Married August 28, 1893. 
 Kraiger, Eleanor, B. S., '86. 
 Lane, Minnie, Mrs, Otto F. Burgess, 21 Winding Way, Bing- 
 
 hamton, N. Y. 
 
 Married June 10, 1889. 
 McKee, John R., Postmaster and Publisher Fremont County 
 
 Sun, Sidney. 
 
 Mhrried Mary L. Randell, June 3, 1901. 
 Moore, Minnie. M. Di., '91. 
 Pierce, Alice, Mrs. H. R. Irish, Forest City. 
 
 Married in 1886. 
 Riggs, Sara M., Professor of History, I. S. N. S., Cedar Falls. 
 
 B. L., University of Michigan, '94. 
 
40 IOWA STATE NORMAL SCHOOL. 
 
 Robbins, Ida, Mlrs. Fred E. Graham, Powhattan, Kansas. 
 
 Married in 1890, 
 Sawyer, Lizzie A., Mrs. Edward C. Bullis, 900 University 
 
 Ave., S. E., Minneapolis, Minn. 
 
 Married November 26, 1887. 
 Russell, Viola, Mlrs. Fred E. Gates, Marble Rock. 
 
 Married January 1, 1889. 
 Sheridan, Katherine, Mrs. C. A. Boehmler, Cedar Falls. 
 
 Married December 12, 1889. 
 Skiff, David L., M. Di., '91. 
 Sullivan, Kate, Waverly. 
 Williams, Ethelyn. 
 
 Class 1886. 
 
 Bender, Wilbur H. B. S., '90. 
 
 Married Eva Tomlinson, August 8, 1889. 
 Blake, Alice. 
 
 Brones, Christian N. 
 
 Married Anna Cook, December 24, 1889; 
 Chapman, Idella, Mrs.. W. W. Brittain, Emporia, Kans. 
 
 Married in 1886. 
 Cowan, Mary, Mrs. Wm. Aitken, Paullina. 
 
 Married September 1, 1891. 
 Fields, Albert. .B. S., '87. 
 Fountain, Chas. B., Physician, Valley Junction. M. D., S. U. 
 
 I, "91, 
 
 Married Nellie Hoch, 1890. 
 
 Henry, Maggie. 
 
 Hoagland, Myrta, Cedar Falls. 
 
 Hull, Helen, Mrs. Geo. W. Orr, 19 Riverside Ave., Cleve- 
 land, Ohio. 
 Married August 28, 1890. 
 
 Locke, Chas. E. M. Di., '96. 
 
 Married Laura M. Monlux, July 28, 1887. 
 
 Longworthy, Agnes, Mrs. Maulsby. 
 
IOWA STATE NORMAL SCHOOL. 41 
 
 Mills, Franc L., Teacher of English, High School, Ottumwa. 
 
 Ph. B., S. U. I., '95. 
 Overfield, Aurilla, Mrs. Ambrose E. Grant. 
 
 Married in 1892. 
 Packard, Alma, Mrs. L. A. Vennum, Belmond. 
 
 Married November 18, 1898. 
 Sogard, John, Superintendent of Schools, Vinton. B. Ph., 
 
 S. U. L, '99. 
 
 Married Kate Taylor, July 11, 1900. 
 Yule, Emily, Superintendent of Public Schools, Juneau, Alaska. 
 
 Class 1887. 
 
 Alderson, James, Physician, 485 Locust St., Dubuque. M. D., 
 Northwestern University Medical School, '91. 
 Married Mary Buckley in 1891. 
 
 Chandler, George, Banker and Real Estate Dealer, Osage. 
 
 Cummings, W. O., Superintendent of Schools, Coeur d' Alene, 
 Idaho. 
 
 Cunningham, Bridgie. M. Di., '92. 
 
 Dean, W. J., Superintendent of Schools, Belle Plaine. 
 
 Dick, Geo. S., B. S., .'88. 
 
 Dick, Wm. T., Colorado Springs, Colo. 
 
 Married Anna M. Beard, April 20, 1892. 
 
 Evers, Ellen N. 
 
 Harrison, Elmer E., Bookkeeper, 65-71 Plymouth Place, Chi- 
 cago, 111. 
 Married Hattie G. Poyneer, 1892. 
 
 Hearst, Nellie L. B. S., '90. 
 
 Hogg, Jennie, Mrs. Chas. Eadie. 
 Married in 1890. 
 
 Lantz, Mrs. Rose Southard, Ranchowner, Evergreen, Cal. 
 
 Lytle, Thomas S., California. 
 
 Mack, Susie E., Mrs. John E. Light, Redlands, Cal. 
 Married in 1890. 
 
42 IOWA STATE NORMAL SCHOOL. 
 
 McMahon, Joseph J., Editor Tama County Democrat, Toledo. 
 
 Married Ella ML Ribble, 1890. 
 McManus, Geo. H., Captain, U. S. Army, Fort Totten, N. Y. 
 
 Married Emilie Gertrude Kessler, January 5, 1897. 
 Monlux, Laura M., Mrs, C. E. Locke, Osteopath, 618 Grant 
 
 Bldg., Los Angeles, Cal. D. O., '02. 
 
 Married C. E, Locke, July 28, 1887. 
 Morris, Ella. Mu Di., '92. 
 Morris, Livingston, Physician and Surgeon, Stockport. M. D , 
 
 College of Physicians and Surgeons, Keokuk, '92. 
 
 Married Zenella E. Nelson, February 3, 1897. 
 Nichols, E. R., President Kansas State Agricultural College, 
 
 Manhattan, Kans. B. S., S. U. L, '87; A. M., '90. 
 
 Married Marguerite Rae, December 20, 1888. 
 Nothomb, Henry Ed. B. S., 'S7. 
 Palmer, Mary J., M|rs. D. C. Bevan, Ottumwa. 
 Peters, Sarah. B. S., '88. 
 Phelps, Geo. B., Attorney at Law, Clinton. 
 
 Married Nellie O. Dixon, December 20, 1887. 
 Ridley, Emma M. B. S., '88. 
 Wynkoop, Minnie V., Mrs. Eugene R. Moore, Anamosa. 
 
 Married November 28, 1901. 
 
 Class 1888. 
 
 Armbruster, Catherine. 
 
 Ballentine, Mary D. 
 
 Bither, Susie E., Mrs. Chester Cadwallader, 821 Bluff St., 
 
 Waterloo'. 
 
 Married August 23, 1880. 
 Cadwallader, Eva A., Mrs. Elmer M. Reeves, Waverly. 
 
 Married June 28, 1890. 
 Chassell, Ed. D., Editor and Publisher he Mars Sentinel, Le 
 
 Mars, and Member of 30th General Assembly of Iowa. 
 
IOWA STATE NORMAL SCHOOL. 43 
 
 Cowan, Janet, Mrs. Wm. F. Scott, Paullina. 
 
 Married December 31, 1896. 
 Ebersole, T. P., Railway Postal Clerk, Manson. 
 
 Married Bertie L. Freeburger, November 6, 1889. 
 Fullerton, P. G. B. S., '89. 
 
 Funston, Clara, Principal of Cooper School, Des Moines. 
 Grundy, Alfred, Attorney at Law, Cedar Falls. 
 
 LL. B., S. U. I, '84. 
 Hogg, Emma E., Mrs. J. M. Schaupp, Fort Dodge. 
 
 Married December 4, 1889. 
 Hughey, Jennie O., Mrs. H. E. Wheeler, Shenandoah. 
 
 Married August 13, 1890. 
 Kallenbach, Sarah, Mrs. R. H. Minkel, Omemee, N. D. 
 
 Married in 1889. 
 Langeteig, Geo. M., Vineyardist, R. F. D. 1, Lodi, Cal. 
 Leader, Pauline M. B. S., '89. 
 McKeen, Byron W. 
 
 Married Edith A. Adams, October 30, 1893. 
 McMahon, S. E., Attorney at Law, Algona. LL. B., Uni- 
 versity of Michigan, '93. 
 Miller, Maude E., Assistant Principal, Graton, S. D. 
 Moore, Chas. E., Banker, Waterloo. 
 Patterson, W. R., B. S., '89. 
 Rich, Mrs. Louisa Jennings, Cedar Falls. 
 Roadman, Ira, R. R. Physician, Proctorknott, Minn. M. D., 
 
 University of Minnesota, '99. 
 Travis, Clara M., Principal of High School, Independence. 
 Trimble, Lydia A., M. E, Missionary, China. 
 Wheeler, Herbert E., Superintendent of Schools, Shenandoah. 
 
 Married Jennie Hughey, August 13, 1890. 
 Wier, Eva A., Carrington, N. Dak. 
 
 A. B., University of Michigan, '96. 
 
44 IOWA STATE NORMAL SCHOOL. 
 
 Class 1889. 
 
 Anderson, Nellie F., B. S., '90. 
 
 Barnes, Carrie A'., High School Teacher, 751 Irving St., 
 
 Portland, Ore. 
 Bishop, Bertha, M. Di., '94. 
 Boss, Clara A., M. Di., '95. 
 Boynton, May M., Mrs. Chas. B. Ingram, Los Angeles, Ca.1. 
 
 Married, October 18, 1898. 
 Brown, Laura J., Physician, 1242 O St., Lincoln, Neb. 
 
 M. D., Hahnemann Medical College, '03. 
 Culbertson, E. D. Y., Life Insurance Agent, Des Moines. 
 
 Miarried Clara Fiedler, December 24, 1890. 
 Cunningham, Maggie L., B. S., '90. 
 Curtis, C. F., Photographer, Emmetsburg. 
 Ellis, Lizzie M., Mrs. J. M. Williamson, Williamson. 
 
 Married in 1895. 
 England, N. Emma, Mrs. Samuel P. Mendenhall, Whittier, 
 
 Cal. 
 
 Married, August 18, 1897. 
 Ford, Ella M., Mlrs. Miller, Supervisor Primary Training 
 
 Department Drake University, 655 18th St., Des Moines. 
 
 Married July 2, 1900. 
 Foster, B. B. 
 
 Fullerton, C. A., B. S., '90. 
 Griffin, Chas. J., Pharmacist, Montezuma. 
 Grundy, J. G., Superintendent of Schools, Eagle Grove. 
 
 Married Blanche Pretchard. 
 Hearst, Wm. L., B. S., '90. 
 Hieber, Mary, Fifth Grade Teacher, Cedar Falls. 
 Jones, Elizabeth R., General Secretary Y. W. C. A., Sioux 
 
 City. 
 Kallenbach, Lizzie M., Primary Teacher, R. R. No. 3, Station 
 
 K., Los Angeles, Cal. 
 
IOWA STATE NORMAL SCHOOL. 45 
 
 Krieg, Emelie M., M. Di., '95. 
 
 L eland, Eva S., Mrs. Clark C. Upton, Cresco. 
 
 Married in 1893. 
 Lundeen, Hilda, Teacher, Hartley. 
 Mack, Minnie, M. Di., '95. 
 Moffett, Lambert B., M. Di., '91. 
 Morgan, Anna. 
 Morrison, Alma E. 
 
 M. D., University of Minnesota, '92. 
 Rhodes, Lizzie A., Principal of Wahkousa School, Fort 
 
 Dodge. 
 Roberts, Mary A., High School Teacher, Oskaloosa. 
 Roland, M. O., B. S., '90. 
 Russell, Agnes, M. Di., '91. 
 Sabin, Gerald N., Superintendent of Schools, Armour, S. D. 
 
 Ph.B., S, U. I., '93. 
 Sage, Fred C, Oculist, Aurist and Rhinologist, Waterloo. 
 
 M. D., S. U. I., '93. 
 
 Married Kate M. Schenk, March, 1893. 
 Simmons, Blanche, Blackwell, Okla. 
 
 B. A., Penn College, '96. A. B., Chicago University, '98. 
 Simmons, Luella V., B. S., '90. 
 Sisson, Helen, Mrs. Newland F. Smith, Olivet, Mich. 
 
 Married, October 14, 1897. 
 Stafford, Minnie, Mrs. Ernest E. White. 
 Stever, Mary L., General Secretary Y. W. C. A., Cedar 
 
 Rapids. 
 Stone, Almeron J. 
 Sutton, Emma, Mrs. Wra. Avery, Hampton. 
 
 Married in 1891. 
 Townsend, Katherine S., Mrs. Roger Leavitt, Cedar Falls. 
 
 Married in 1892. 
 White, Miary R., Mrs. M. O. Roland, Harlan. 
 
 Married, December 29, 1891. 
 
46 IOWA STATE NORMAL SCHOOL. 
 
 Wilson, Anna E., Mrs. Alvin E. Reynolds, Navarre, Kan. 
 Married, August 22, 1893. 
 
 Wright, Alice E., Student School of Education, Chicago Uni- 
 versity, Chicago, 111. 
 
 Wyant, Libbie M., M. Di., '92. 
 
 Class 1890. 
 
 Aurner, C. Ray, M. Di., '91. 
 
 Barker, Josephine, Primary Teacher, Sultan, Wash. 
 Bock, Lewis H., Cashier in Bank, Steen, Minn. 
 Case, Julian W., Baptist Minister, Detroit, Mich. 
 
 Miarried Lucy Lorenz, August 22, 1894. 
 Cunningham, Anna, Grade Teacher, Des Moines. 
 Cunningham, Matt C, M. Di., '91. 
 Dawson, Fred H. 
 Doderer, J. Frederick, Principal of Schools, Sheffield. 
 
 Married Minnie B. Bresse, April 22, 1892. 
 Felmley, Mabel, M. Di., '91. 
 Ferris, Finnette, M. Di., '92. 
 Francis, Bruce, M. Di., '91. 
 Gibbens, Ella N., Mrs, W. S, Brown, Keota. 
 
 Married, June 24, 1894. 
 Gilchrist, Margaret, Grammar Grade Teacher, Rhodes. 
 Gregg, Adelia O., Mrs. L. A. Thomas, Red Oak. 
 
 Married October 18, 1892. 
 Grimes, Ida L-, Mrs. S. L. Ingham, Hampton. 
 
 Married October 3, 1894. 
 Hess, H. Marguerite, Manager Entertainment Bureau, Fargo, 
 
 N. Dak. 
 Hickman, Carrie B,, Assistant Principal, Lake Park. 
 Hieber, Libbie E., Teacher Longfellow School, 920 Walker 
 
 St., Des Moines, 
 Jackson, Robert A., Farmer, Toledo. 
 
 MCarried Maud E. McCracken, June 14, 1894. 
 
IOWA STATE NORMAL SCHOOL. 47 
 
 Lizer, Horatio B., M. Di., '91. 
 
 Mantz, Emma S., Fifth Grade Teacher, Lead, S. Dak. 
 
 Martin, James I. 
 
 Married Emma Williamson, May 5, 1891. 
 McCracken, Maud E., Mrs, R. A. Jackson, Toledo. 
 
 Married, June 14, 1894. 
 MKlliman, Grace E., Mrs, Joseph H. Taylor, County Super- 
 intendent of Schools, St. Anthony, Idaho. 
 
 Married, May 7, 1902. 
 Mitchell, Gertrude, Teacher and Artist, Minneapolis, Minn. 
 Nimocks, Frank A., Agent N. Y. Life Ins. Co., Des Moines. 
 
 Married Olive Fulton, November 18, 1902. 
 Olmstead, Geo. H., M. Di., '92. 
 Overman, Eunice H., M. Di., '92. 
 Peterson, Paul, M. Di., '91. 
 Pickrell, Mary, Mrs, Mary Pickrell Michener, Oskaloosa. 
 
 Married June 25, 1891. 
 Robinson, Etta, M'. Di., '97. 
 Schroeder, John H., M. Di., '91. 
 Scott, Sarah S., Mrs. Herbert Jones, Dubuque. 
 
 Married in 1891. 
 Shaw, Ida E., M. Di., '91. 
 Sitler, Anna L., M. Di., '96. 
 
 Starks, Nellie M., Principal of High School, Belle Plaine. 
 Stinson, Maude M., Teacher, Spokane, Wash. 
 Thompson, Geo. D., Attorney at Law, Webster City. 
 
 Married Mary P. Howd, 1890. 
 Veatch, Wm., L., Photographer, Cedar Falls. 
 
 Married Izola Albright, December 24, 1891. 
 Wallace, Lizzie R., Mrs. R. W. Patterson, New York City. 
 
 Married June 11, 1902. 
 Wallbank, Nellie B., Mount Pleasant. 
 Weinchenck, Lizzie A., Mrs. John A. Eberle, The Dalles, Ore. 
 
 Married June 29, 1897. 
 
48 IOWA STATE NORMAL SCHOOL. 
 
 White, Ava Floy, Mrs. H. L. Chase, Cedar Falls. 
 
 Married June 27, 1894. 
 Williams, Ada, Superintendent of M. E. Chinese Mission, 294 
 
 Illinois St., Pasadena, Cal. 
 Wilson, Edmund B., Attorney at Law, Jefferson. 
 
 LL. B., Drake University, '95. 
 
 Married Minnie Ains worth, June 10, 1892. 
 Wilson, Janet. 
 Young-, Susie A., Missionary, American United Presbyterian 
 
 Mission, Zafarnal Sialkot District, Pan jab, India. 
 
 Class 1891. 
 
 < 
 
 Adams, Romanzo C, Ml Di., '92. 
 
 Andrews, Alsina M., Matron and Principal of Training 
 
 School, Hector's River, Jamaica, W. I. 
 Ashbrook, Minnie D., Primary Teacher, Marshalltown. 
 Boland, Ella A. 
 Boland, Winnifred L. 
 Both well, Gertrude, Mrs. J. T. Deitz, Fairbanks. 
 
 Married March, 1893. 
 Butler, Florence M. 
 Church, Mae, Belmond. 
 Clayton, J. Ellsworth, ML Di., '94. 
 Conner, Etta B., Mrs. D. T. Travis, 2726 Menlo Ave., Los 
 
 Angeles, Cal. 
 Married February 10, 1903. 
 Crary, E. Avery, M. Di., '92. 
 Crew, Mary A., Mrs. S. C. Boedcher, Ellensburg, Wash. 
 
 Married October 1, 1897. 
 Donahue, Bertha J., Mrs. Bert Murphy. 
 
 Mjarried in April, 1894. 
 Drew, Mary E., Nurse, Chicago, 111. 
 Elwood, Ralph A., M. Di., '97. 
 
IOWA STATE NORMAL SCHOOL. 49 
 
 Emry, Martha E-, Principal of High School, Fairfield. 
 
 Ph.B., S. U. L, '98. 
 England, Mary, Principal of Webster School, Oskaloosa. 
 Evers, H. Beatrice, Mrs. Jas. A. Caughey. 
 
 Married March 9, 1897. 
 Gilchrist, Fred C, Attorney at Law, Laurens. 
 
 LL.B., S. U. I., '93. 
 
 Married Ellen Hurley, June 17, 1896. 
 Graham, Florence M., Mrs- H. J. Clark, Des Moines. 
 
 Married September 25, 1894. 
 Gunn, Nell J.,. Mrs. Albert E. Stocker. 
 
 Married December 2, 1897. 
 Gwynne, Carrie L., Mrs. H. L. Talkinoton, 388 Fourth St., 
 
 Lewiston, Idaho. 
 
 Married June 29, 1892. 
 Hall, Chas. E. 
 
 Hammerly, Clyde C, M. Di., '92. 
 Hartshorn, Harriet B., Mrs. H. G. Gardner, Morrison, 111. 
 
 Married December 12, 1894. 
 Helphrey, May E., Mrs. Win. A. Nixon. 
 
 Married June 28, 1899. 
 Hooker, Geo. A., Principal of Garfield School, Grand Junc- 
 tion, Colo. 
 
 Married Delia Warburton, October 26, 1891. 
 Lenocker, i,i c sa B., Mrs, Fred H. Fitting, Dexter. 
 
 Married October 26, 1899. 
 Livingood, Anna E. 
 Lynde, Alice," Mrs, E, F. Strohbelm, Davenport. 
 
 Married November 13, 1895. 
 Martin, Chas. R., Undertaker, Dumont. 
 
 Married Louisa Lathrop, December 26, 1894. 
 McLaughlin, Jesse L. % , M'. Di., '92. 
 McNally, Jessie M., Mrs. Henry H. Amos, Charles City. (In 
 
 Vienna, Austria, during year 1904.). 
 
 Married September, 1893. 
 
SO IOWA STATE NORMAL SCHOOL. 
 
 Mills, Mary A., Ames. 
 
 Moffit, Eva F. 
 
 Moore, E. Linnie, Mrs. C. B. Miller, Cedar Falls. 
 
 Married June 28, 1894. 
 Parsons, Louis M. 
 Piatt, Thomas B. . 
 
 Married Lillie Hutchinson, October 6, 1897. 
 Raymond, Jennie E. 
 Reed, Amy G., Mrs. W. L. Gifford. 
 
 Married December 29, 1898. 
 Reynolds, Alvin E., Farmer, Navarre, Kan. 
 
 Married Anna E. Wilson, August 22, 1893. 
 Rhoad, Maud R., M. Di., '97. 
 Rhodes, Daniel, M. Di., '92. 
 Schmid, Mollie, Mrs. Fred C. Stitser, Worthington, Minn. 
 
 Married June 11, 1805. 
 Scott, Mary, M. Di., '94. 
 Seablom, Sadie M. 
 
 Stonerook, S. B., Jr., Editor, Iowa Falls. 
 Strasser, Florence L., Mrs. Elmer King Hughey, Bellevue. 
 
 Married January 26, 1903. 
 Stubbs, Lurton D., M ! . E. Minister, Walker. 
 
 Married Hattie J. Toppin, September 26, 1894. 
 Taylor, Wm. D., Farmer, Barnes. 
 Thomas, Samuel L., M. Di., '92. 
 Welty, Harvey A., Superintendent of Schools, Ruthven, la. 
 
 Married Grace L. Yearous, October 6, 1898. 
 Whitaker, Dorcas, Missionary, Vinukonda, Kistna District, 
 
 India. 
 Wilson, Adam M., M. Di., '94. 
 Wilson, W. Walter, M. Di., '92. 
 
 Class 1892. 
 
 Anderson, Theo., M. Di., '93. 
 Andrews, Lewis H., M. Di., '93. 
 
IOWA STATE NORMAL SCHOOL. 51 
 
 Arey, Rodney M., M. Di., '93. 
 
 Barnell, Youell G., M. Di., '94. 
 
 Bartine, Chas. W., M. Di., '93. 
 
 Bartine, W. W„ M. Di., '93. 
 
 Bartlett, Mary E., Mrs. Austin Burt, 415 Allen St., Waterloo. 
 
 A. B., Iowa College, '95. 
 
 Married January 18, 1898. 
 Bechly, Mary E., M. Di., '93. 
 Bell, Amy D., Mrs. F. H. Ridgeway, Hampton. 
 
 Married October 14, 1896. 
 Bixby, May, Mrs. A. E. Woodward, Grooms, N. Y. 
 
 Married September 16, 1902. 
 Blank, Ivah G., Mts. J. E. Clayton, Hamburg. 
 
 Married January 2, 1896. 
 Button, H. Eugene, M. Di., '97. 
 
 Married Jean Campbell Bassett, March 17, 1894. 
 Calderwood, Etta, M. Di., '98. 
 Calderwood, Mae, M. Di., '99. 
 Chapman, Leslie A. L, M. Di., '93. 
 Cooper, Morris W., M. Di., '98. 
 Down, Mary A., Mrs. Albert Hanson, Kiron. 
 
 Married March 10, 1898. 
 Elder, Angie J., M. Di., '93. 
 Fields, Chas. A., M. Di., '93. 
 Fields, Isabella F., M. Di., '93. 
 Flater, Ella, Mrs. Bruce Francis, Williamsburg. 
 
 Married December 27, 1892. 
 Ford, Edgar A. 
 
 Married Jennie Bohen. 
 Guthridge, Walter, M. Di., '93. 
 Hagarty, Patrick H. L., Teacher, St. John's College, Belize, 
 
 British Honduras. 
 
 S. J., St. Stanislas Seminary, '98. 
 Hahn, S. Otis. 
 
52 IOWA STATE NORMAL SCHOOL. 
 
 Hearst, Clam G., Mrs. J. G. McAlvin, Cedar Falls. 
 
 Married June 7, 1898. 
 Henness, Olive L, Mrs, Robert P. Miller. 
 
 Mlarried March 31, 1896. 
 Herrick, Mamie P., Mrs. W. T. Longcor. 
 
 Married June 29, 1898. 
 Humphrey, Maude, M. Di., '94. 
 Johnson, J. Edward, M. Di., '96. 
 Johnson, Osmond, Lutheran Minister, Blooming Prairie, 
 
 Minn. 
 
 Married Lenora Fyelstad, October 19, 1897. 
 Keeler, Ray W. 
 
 Married Clara Winget, December 26, 1895. 
 Keeler, S. Sophie, M. Di., '94. 
 Kingsbury, Stella M., Mrs. C. M. Wyth, Cedar Falls. 
 
 Married September, 1893. 
 Klein, Elizabeth, Eighth Grade Teacher, Moline, 111. 
 Knickerbocker, Florence, Mrs. M. W. Mattison, 622 Prairie 
 
 Ave., Beloit, Wis. 
 
 Married June 21, 1899. 
 Kuehne, Chas. P., M 1 . Di., '95. 
 Lees, Annie, M. Di., '93. 
 Manifold, Wm. H. 
 
 B. P. D., Colorado State Normal School. 
 
 Married Fanny Noble, June, 1897. 
 McGee, Joseph C, Waterloo. 
 Mcintosh, Isabel. 
 McKim, Cora A., Mrs. W. G. Brown. 
 
 Married June 26, 1895. 
 McMahon, Andrew P. 
 
 LL.B., S. U. I., '95. 
 McManus, Thos. U., M. Di., '93. 
 Miller, Frank G., M. Di., '93. 
 Morgan, Ida. 
 
 Married. 
 
IOWA STATE NORMAL SCHOOL. 53 
 
 Mowry, N. Vinnie, Principal of High School, Odebolt. 
 
 Nettle, Clara B. 
 
 Newberry, Kate, Strawberry Point. 
 
 Nutting, Belle H., Mrs. Theo. Kerner. 
 
 Married March 31, 1897. 
 Overfelt, Kate L., Mrs. Eugene K. Annas. 
 
 Married August 27, 1898. 
 Pierce, De Ett, Cedar Falls. 
 Pratt, Bertha. 
 Richardson, Allie L., Mrs. Frederick Hargrave. 
 
 Mlarried June 3, 1893. 
 Segner, Jessie, Mrs. A. A. Crabbe, Traer. 
 Severance, Chas. F., M. Di., '00. 
 
 Married Luella Thompson. 
 Sheffer, Emma, Mrs. H. W. Sawyer, Cedar Falls. 
 
 Married June 29, 1893. 
 Silliman, Emma, Mrs. Clarence Wise, Cedar Falls. 
 
 Married October 4, 1893. 
 Smith, Maude, Mrs. Stewart. 
 
 Married August 22, 1894. 
 Spargur, Cora F., Mrs. R. W. Gibson, Cedar Falls. 
 
 Married September 15, 1897. 
 Speer, Lula, Cedar Falls. 
 Speer, Minnie ML, Mrs. Curtis H. Brown, Traer. 
 
 Married June 22, 1893. 
 Steimel, Matie B., Special Agent New York Life Ins. Co., 
 
 Waterloo. 
 Sullivan, Agnes, Mrs. John T. Kearns, Dubuque. 
 
 Married April 25, 1899. 
 Taylor, Cora E., Mrs. G. A. Stewart, Eldora. 
 
 Married June 3, 1896. 
 Thompson, Chas. M. 
 
 Married Bertha V. Berry in 1894. 
 Thorburn, Andrew L., M 1 . Di., '93. 
 Tuttle, Stella, M. Di., '93. 
 
54 IOWA STATE NORMAL SCHOOL. 
 
 Unrau, Emma S., Mrs. C. A. Methfessel, Clarksville. 
 
 Married March 13, 1895. 
 Vaughan, Nora M.j Mrs. Geo. H. Sawyer, Osage. 
 Welles, Geo. E., Traveling Agent Silver, Burdett & Co., 2728 
 
 Stevens Ave., Minneapolis, Minn. 
 
 Married Alma E. Smith, September 4, 1894. 
 Wescott, Le Roy A., M. Di., '94. 
 Wright. Marv E., Mrs. Ezra Brainerd. 
 
 Married December 25, 1897. 
 
 Class 1893. 
 
 Achenbach, Mary, Mrs. W. H. Fairchild, Gladbrook. 
 Married March 15, 1900. 
 
 Aldricn, Harry E., Traveling Agent, Equitable Life Insur- 
 ance Co., Cedar Falls. 
 Married Mary E. Tolerton, July 1, 1896. 
 
 Andrews, M. Adell., M. Di., '00. 
 
 Arey, Ethel L,, M. Di., '95. 
 
 Asquith, Allie D., M. Di., '95. 
 
 Blackburn, Clara J., Primary Teacher, The Sherman, Omaha, 
 Neb. 
 
 Blackmar, H. E., M. Di., '94. 
 
 Briggs, Geo. N., Teacher in Philippines. 
 A. B., S. U. I., '97. 
 
 Brooks, Etta, Mrs. F. C. Woods. 
 Married July 14, 1896. 
 
 Burgess, Elizabeth, M. Di., '96. 
 
 Bushyager, Genetta, Student, State Normal School, Greeley, 
 Colo. 
 
 Byers, J. Raoul, M. Di., '94. 
 
 Calkins, Addie, Mrs. W. J. Frederick. 
 Married March 20, 1894. 
 
 Carr, Iona Maud, Mrs. Henry Bertram, R. F. D., No. 3, Mus- 
 catine. 
 Married April 20, 1898. 
 
IOWA STATE NORMAL SCHOOL. 55 
 
 Champion, Annie, Mrs. R. S. Fonda, Osage. 
 
 Married December 31, 1896. 
 Childs, Gertrude, Mrs. A. A. Gillette, Atlantic. 
 
 Married June 20, 1900. 
 Claypool, Florence. 
 Cobb, Chas. S., Superintendent of Schools, Hot Springs, S. 
 
 Dak. 
 
 Married Jessie R. Scott, June, 1900. 
 Coddington, Sherman M., Superintendent of Schools, Parker, 
 
 S. Dak. 
 
 Married Anna L. Darnbrough, December 27, 1896. 
 Comstock, Albert L., Private Secretary, 542 Fifth Ave., New 
 
 York City. 
 Conner, Gertrude, Teacher, Seattle, Wash. 
 Crane, Ezra E,, M. Di., '94. 
 Crary, Stella, Mrs. O. M. Barnes, Whitten. 
 
 Married November 6, 1895. 
 Cunningham, Kate, Cedar Falls. 
 ^ a ty> J- ]•■> Physician, Charles City. 
 
 ML D., Northwestern University, '98. 
 Davies, Lulu, Mrs. J. P. Van Horn. 
 
 Married August 12, 1896. 
 DeGraffe, M. Franc, High School Assistant, Fonda. 
 Down, Ada J., Mrs. C. J. E. Hanson. 
 
 Married February 26, 1895. 
 Draper, Clarence A. 
 Faris, Ina M., M. Di., '95. 
 Fellingham, John H., M. Di., '94. 
 Fesenbeck, Ida, ML Di., '94. 
 Fluke, Mary Kathleen, M. Di., '94. 
 Foster, Alice. 
 
 Frederick, Chas. A., M. Di., '93. . 
 Gait, B. Esma, Mrs. Wm. Gordon McCornack, Traer. 
 
 Married November 12, 1902. 
 
56 IOWA STATE NORMAL SCHOOL. 
 
 Grobel, Olive, First Grade Teacher, Sauk Center, Minn. 
 Grundy, Maud, Mrs. Louis Rittger, Morrison ville, 111. 
 
 Married January i, 1896. 
 Hall, Lulu A., Mrs. G. Frank Mills. 
 
 Married June 30, 1897. 
 Harvey, Oliver M., M. Di., '94. 
 Heightshoe, Agnes E,, M. Di., '03. 
 Hendrickson, Julia J., Albert Lea, Minn. 
 Henry, Chas. A., Superintendent of Schools, Palouse, Wash 
 
 Married Mary L. Fawcett, December 26, 1893. 
 Heverly, Emma S., Deaconess M. E. Church, Burlington. 
 Huntley, Beth A., Mrs. Adam M. Willson, Bald Mountain, 
 
 Colo, 
 
 Married August 7, 1895. 
 Hussey, Lenora A., Teacher of Latin, High School, Minne- 
 apolis, Minn. 
 
 Ph.B., S. U. L, '03. 
 Jeffers, Lissa A., Mrs. Peter ML Fulton, Gayville, S. Dak. 
 
 Married September 8, 1898. 
 Johnson, Nellie, M. Di., '96. 
 Knocke, Kate, M. Di., '03. 
 
 Lacey, F. A., Physician, 622 Walsworth Ave., Oakland, Cal. 
 Laird, Fannie K., M. Di., '94. 
 
 Langdon, Ila G., Deputy County Auditor, Grundy Center. 
 Lees, James H., M. Di., '97. 
 Lyon, Arthur L., Principal of Schools, Garden Grove. 
 
 Married Estelja E. Phillips, August 5, 1902. 
 Mack, Florence, M. Di., '97. 
 Miagee, Carlton C, M. Di., '94. 
 Magill, Rose E., Mrs. E. D. Weston, 69 West 48th St., New 
 
 York City. 
 
 Married December 26, 1903. 
 Maguire, Marie E., M. Di., '94. 
 Marsh, Vinnie L., M. Di., '94. 
 Marshall, Florence R., Principal of High School, Sigourney. 
 
IOWA STATE NORMAL SCHOOL. 57 
 
 Martin, Myra E., Tripoli . 
 
 McConnell, R. C, Merchant, Monmouth, 111. 
 
 Married Edith Neely, December, 1894. 
 McGregor, Rachael, Mrs. G. A. Reaugh. 
 
 Married October 24, 1895. 
 McKay, Mae, Mrs. Algyer, Decorah. 
 Mintier, Rose, Principal of Schools, West Chester. 
 Mlount, Lucy. 
 
 A. B., Leland Stanford Junior University, '96. 
 Munro, Cora E., 2106 W. Pico St., Los Angeles, Cal. 
 Neely, Edith A., M. Di., '94. 
 Newcomb, Lulu, Mrs. L. A. Knapp, 141 5 N. D St., Fremont, 
 
 Neb. 
 
 Married June 24, 1903. 
 Orcutt, Elsie. 
 Perkins, Frank W., M. Di., '99. 
 
 Married Jeanette Gemmel, December 23, 1897. 
 Pollock, Emma E., Mrs. Irving M. Pritchard, Milliner. Sibley. 
 
 Married November 15, 1899. 
 Randall, Emma J., Mrs. J. A. Valenta, Iowa City. 
 
 Married June 20, 1899. 
 Raymond, Elma, Student, Leland Stanford Junior University, 
 
 412 Kipling St., Palo Alto, Cal. 
 Rice, Bloomer B., Farmer, Grand Island, Neb. 
 Sala, Ida M., Mrs. Geo. J. Breitenstein, Keokuk. 
 
 Married September 26, 1899. 
 Savage, Edna S., Mrs. Robert Balderson, Veo. 
 
 Married March 18, 1897. 
 Schwertley, Kate, M. Di., '94. 
 Scurry, Ella F., Mrs. W. E. Collins, Ellsworth, Minn. 
 
 Married August 17, 1897. 
 Sherrett, Emma, High School Assistant, Sigournev. 
 Smith, Lucie M., M. Di., '94. 
 Sokol, Blanche, Mrs.. Wm. D. Shuttleworth, Ocheyedan. 
 
 Married June 23, 1896. 
 
58 IOWA STATE NORMAL, SCHOOL. 
 
 Staves, Marguerite, Mrs. Emery Jones. 
 
 Married November 24, 1902. 
 Steele, Mary E., Bookseller, Knoxville. 
 Streeter, Florence, Mrs. W. W. Goodykoontz, Boone. 
 
 Married December 31, 1900. 
 Stuckrath, J. H., High School Teacher, Tipton, Indiana. 
 
 Married Susan Graham, July 22, 1897. 
 Sweetzer, Lucy J. 
 Thielen, Michael H., M. Di., '94. 
 Thompson, Janie K., M. Di., '98. 
 Torney, Samuel J., Ml. Di., '96. 
 Traver, Ruth, Milford. 
 Webster, Elwood F. 
 Wier, Jennie E., Assistant Professor of History, University 
 
 of Nevada, Reno, Nev. 
 
 B. A., Leland Stanford Junior University, '01. 
 Williams, Edward B., Physician, Montezuma. 
 
 M. D., S. U. L, '99. 
 
 Married Alice Farmer, March 28, 1900. 
 Wilson Richard L., M. Di., '94. 
 Wood, Lucy M. 
 
 M. D., N. W. University Medical School, '01. 
 Wood, Eleanor, Mrs. Frank N. Phelps. 
 
 Married September 8, 1897. 
 Younkin, Samuel, M. Di., '94. 
 
 Class 1894. 
 
 Albertson, W. E. 
 
 Married Mae F. Severin, June 8, 1896. 
 Allen, Frank M., Agent Correspondence School, Sioux City. 
 
 Married Mabel Long, December 31, 1897. 
 Allison, Emma F., Mrs. Chas. C. Deering, 11 15 Seventh St., 
 
 Des Moines. 
 
 Married October 2, 1902. 
 
IOWA STATE NORMAL. SCHOOL. 59 
 
 Amsden, Elmer E. 
 
 B. PecL, Colorado State Normal School, '98. 
 Archer, Fannie, Mrs. Fred Van Dorn, New Hampton. 
 Arnold, Elsie I., Mrs. F. W. Hicks, Springdale. 
 
 Married October 23, 1900. 
 Baker, Austin A., Agent N. Y. Life Ins. Co., Livermore. 
 
 Married Melissa Rig-by, July 4, 1897. 
 Ball, Frances E., Teacher, Salt Lake City, Utah. 
 
 Married Alpha J. Keene, June 28, 1899. 
 Beckwith, Fannie, Mrs. Chas. M. Small, Clinton. 
 
 Married August 19, 1903. 
 Bedford, Clara M., Mrs. Frank L. Vanderveer, Cedar Falls. 
 
 Married November 24, 1897. 
 Boal, Agnes N. 
 Boyle, John W., M3. Di., '95. 
 Bradshaw, Jessie L., Des Moines. 
 Brannan, Mary, First Primary Teacher, Township School, 
 
 Albion. 
 Briggs, Walter H., Physician, Ewing, Neb. 
 
 M. D., S. U. I., '98. 
 
 Married Grace Hoy, December 25, 1901. 
 Brown, Lena, Mrs. Chas. A. Kent, Charles City. 
 
 Married August 27, 1895. 
 Bushvager, Geo. L., Cashier, Coweta State Bank, Coweta, 
 
 I. T. 
 
 Married Myrtle Scott, 1899. 
 Clark, Maude V., Mrs. H. T. Lewis, Payette Valley, Idaho. 
 
 Married in 1899. 
 Collins, W. E., Principal of Schools, Ellsworth, Minn. 
 
 Married Ella Scurry, August 17, 1897. 
 Copeland, Edwin G., M. Di., '95. 
 Cross, Frances, General Secretary Y. W. C. A., Germantown, 
 
 Pa. 
 Curtis, Edith H., M. Di., '95. 
 Dayton, Mabel E., Cedar Falls. 
 
60 IOWA STATE NORMAL SCHOOL. 
 
 Dimmitt, Bdeniah, Ex-County Superintendent of Schools, Ot- 
 
 tumwa. 
 Dodd, Clara E., Mrs. Samuel D. Heide, Maquoketa. 
 
 Married December 25, 1902. 
 Duff, Celia, Mrs. Benj. McKeen, Milford. 
 
 Married October 25, 1900. 
 Eaton, Isaac N., Assistant Principal, Anaconda, Mont. 
 Eckhard, Clara D., Mrs. Orlando Keck, Rock Rapids. 
 
 Married April 8, 1896. 
 Elderkin, Louisa, Mrs. R. L. Setzer, Butte City, Mont. 
 
 Married March 19, 1900. 
 Ellingson, Joseph W., Farmer, McHenry, N. Dak. 
 Ensign, Forest C., M. Di., '95. 
 Fitzgerald, James E., M. Di., '95. 
 Fort, Blanche M., Mrs. W. C. McGrath, Eaeb Grove. 
 
 Married in June, 1896. 
 Francis, Carrie, Mrs. Milo E. Brown, Earlham. 
 
 Married December 23, 1896. 
 Frye, Lizzie M., Seventh Grade Teacher, 2006 Harrison St., 
 
 Davenport. 
 Fullerton, Robert, M. Di., '95. 
 Greer, Elizabeth, Mrs. E. J. Parman, Decorah. 
 
 Married June 22, 1899. 
 Gunn, Abbie Ruth, Mrs. Samuel Younkin, Washington. 
 
 Married September-23, 1896. 
 Hallingby, Jennie, Teacher, Osage. 
 Harding, Estella, Mrs. H. L. Adams, Cedar Rapids. 
 
 Married May 6, 1903. 
 Harper, Jennie, Mrs. B. L. Palmerton, Clinton Falls, Minn. 
 
 Married July 5, 1900. 
 Harrison, Ada Mlay, Mrs. E. L. Erickson, Story City, 
 
 Married June 28, 1899. 
 Hassel, Maurice R., Principal of Schools, Lake Park. 
 
 Married Fannie A. Fairbanks, December 27, 1894. 
 Herrick, Sarah E. 
 
IOWA STATE NORMAL SCHOOL. 61 
 
 Hibben, Hettie W., Rural School Teacher, Kenwood Park. 
 Hieber, E. Sophia, Mrs. Ernest Pfeiffer, Oelwein. 
 
 Married June 23, 1903. 
 Hollis, Harlin R., M. Di., '95. 
 Howard, Kittie M., Principal of Schools, Auburn. 
 Hughes, Mina, Mrs. J. W. Merrill, Beatrice, Neb. 
 
 Married August 30, 1900. 
 Jones, Katherine M., Abstracter, Fairfield. 
 Kelley, James H., M. Di., '97. 
 Leibrock, Ella, Mrs. F. E. Schmidt, Lincolnville, Kan. 
 
 Married August 5, 1896. 
 Leonard, Edward J., M. Di., '95. 
 Lewis, Chas. Levi, M. Di., '95. 
 Long, Wm. E., Physician, Rockford. 
 
 M. D., College of Physicians and Surgeons, Chicago, 
 
 111., '99. 
 
 Married Sue Lyon, June 5, 1901. 
 Lumpe, Eleanor M., Mrs. D. J. Wild, Cedar Falls. 
 
 Married March 25, 1896. 
 Maclean, Elizabeth, M. Di., '00. 
 Maher, Kittie, Mrs. Maurice O'Connor, Fort Dodge. 
 
 Married June 10, 1902. 
 Marsh, Lulu, Greeley, Colo. 
 McKeen, Benjamin, Baptist Minister, Milford. 
 
 Married Celia Duff, October 25, 1900. 
 McManus, Owen J., M. Di., '96. 
 Minkel, Lewis H., M. Di., '95. 
 Montgomery, Maggie, M. Di., '02. 
 Morris, Louie. 
 
 Mueller, Herman A., M. Di., '95. 
 Oleson, Ole N., M. Di., '95. 
 Orr, Olive, Fourth Grade Teacher, Decorah. 
 Perkins, Daniel R., M. Di., '95. 
 Perkins, Laura D., Mrs. J. C. Saltzman, Mt. Ayr. 
 
 Married May 15, 1895. 
 
62 IOWA STATE NORMAL SCHOOL. 
 
 Perry, Blanche, Mrs. Clinton E. Brown, 1410 Clark St., Des 
 
 Moines. 
 
 Married June, 1899. 
 Potwin, Grace E., Independence. 
 Rail, Anna, Mrs. Wm, C. Nuhn, Cedar Falls. 
 
 Married August 18, 1897. 
 Rail, Edward E,, M. Di., '95 . 
 Reever, Wm. H., M. Di., '95. 
 Rhine, Alice, Mrs. A. W. McBlain, Thornburg. 
 
 Married February to, 1897. 
 Ripke, Mary H., M. Di., '95. 
 Roberts, Artie Ruth, Mrs. Willis M. Brooks, Creston. 
 
 Married March 15, 1898. 
 Roberts, Edith C. 
 Rogers, Earl B., M. Di., '96. 
 Rose, Erdena, Grade Teacher, Cedar Falls. 
 Royce, Marie, Mrs. James S. McKee. 
 
 Married March 28, 1899. 
 Savage, Harry H., M. Di., '95. 
 Shannon, Lena T., Mrs. A. M. Gray. 
 
 Married August 6, 1896. 
 Shearer, Mabel, High School Assistant, Neola. 
 Smith, Alma E., Mrs. Geo. E. Welles, 2728 Stevens Ave., 
 
 Minneapolis, Minn. 
 
 Married September 4, 1894. 
 Snider, Wm. E., M. Di., '95. 
 Spicer, Lucy, M. Di., '00. 
 Steidl, Alois L. 
 
 Married Lottie Parsons, July 8, 1896. 
 Stewart, Frances. 
 Stinson, Chas. E., M. Di., '95. 
 Stinson, Harriet A., Mrs. Ray C. McMillan, Red Oak. 
 
 Married August 29, 1900. 
 St. John, Alice, Mrs. Lester B. Parsons, Sibley. 
 
 Married, August 27, 1901. 
 
IOWA STATE NORMAL SCHOOL. 63 
 
 St. John, Helen A., Mrs. L. G. Hill, 317 Washington Ave., 
 
 Watertown, S. Dak. 
 
 Married June 30, 1896. 
 Stone, Cora A., Mrs. Wm. Cousins. 
 
 Married February 24, 1897. 
 Taubman, Olive M., Mrs, Harvey Jewell, Cedar Falls. 
 
 Married June 25, 1896. 
 Titus, Cynthia C, Mrs. Wight, 108^ State St., Marshall- 
 town. 
 
 Married April 17, 1902. 
 Turner, Earl J. 
 
 LL.B., S. U. I., '99. 
 Van Metre, Sallie D., Private Nurse, Tipton. 
 Vial, Ruth L, Mrs. Nelson Eastman. 
 Wesche, Orianna P., Teacher, Earlville. 
 Wise, Bertha, Bible Teacher in Chicago Training School for 
 
 City, Home and Foreign Missions, 4949 Indiana Ave., 
 
 Chicago, 111. 
 
 B. L-, University of Michigan, '98. 
 Woods, Frank C, M. Di., '95. 
 Wyant, Bertha V., M. Di., '97. 
 
 Class 1895. 
 
 Adams, May, Mrs. Howard E. Barto, Fairmont, Minn. 
 
 Married June 29, 1898. 
 Anderson, Mary A., High School Teacher, Hampton. 
 Anderson, Maude F., Mrs, W. R. Sandy, Rockwell City. 
 
 Married July 25, 1900. 
 Arey, Amy F., M. Di., '97. 
 Benson, Chas., Teacher Western Iowa College, Council Bluffs. 
 
 Married Allie D. Asquith, December 27, 1899. 
 Beard, Bertha, M. Di., '96. 
 Bell, Myrtle C, M. Di., '96. 
 Bettenga, Everett P. 
 
 Ph.B., S. U. I., '97. 
 
64 IOWA STATE NORMAL SCHOOL. 
 
 Binford, Mabel, Mrs. C. D. Mills, Cedar Falls. 
 
 Married June 30, 1897. 
 Bradway, Eulalia Grace, Mrs. R. W. Carter, Sergeant Bluff. 
 
 Married December 29, 1898. 
 Brhel, Vlasta S., Grade Teacher, Marshalltown. 
 Brooke, Edith, High School Assistant, West Liberty. 
 Brown, May A., High School Assistant, Shelby. 
 Buckley, Chas. E., Superintendent of Schools. Anamosa. 
 
 Married Elizabeth McDowell, December 27, 1898. 
 Burns, Ethel A., Third Primary Teacher, Le Mars. 
 Burris, C. Beulah, Mrs. Albert W. McCallum, Sibley. 
 
 Married June 25, 1902. 
 Burris, Walter G., M. Di., '96. 
 Butterfield, Norma G., Mrs. Geo. M. Menwin. 
 
 Married December 26, 1899. 
 Chick, Myrtie D., Cherokee. 
 Christopher, Amnion O., Principal of Logan School, Fairfield. 
 
 Married May L. Kennedy; May 23, 1899. 
 Dale, Lillian, Teacher, 2315 Lmiversity Ave., Des Moines. 
 Davidson, W. T., County Superintendent and Editor Spirit 
 
 Lake Herald, Spirit Lake. 
 
 Married Elizabeth Mann, January 1, 1896. 
 Davis, Debbie, M. Di., '97. 
 Ebersole, Cora L. 
 Ede, Ernest D., M. Di., '99. 
 Edwards, Minnie A., M. Di., '96. 
 Elderkin, Silas D., Ranchman, Butte City, Mont. 
 Emery, Fannie E., Mrs. A. L. Haines, Charles City. 
 
 Married August 31, 1897. 
 Evans, Alma E,, M. Di., '01. 
 Ewers, Albert F., M. Di., '00. 
 
 Married Mildred Hickenlooper, June 30, 1897. 
 Fellingham, Adeline L., Mrs. C. H. Van Metre, Alden. 
 
 Married October 8, 1902. 
 
IOWA STATE NORMAL SCHOOL. 55 
 
 Galloway, George, M, Di., 'oi. 
 
 Married Bertha Seward, December 26, 1895. 
 Gibson, Adella J., Mrs. Joseph H. Stuckey, 238 E. 30th St., 
 
 Kansas City, Mo. 
 
 Married January 1, 1902. 
 Gorsuch, Joseph H. 
 Graham, Joseph W., Superintendent of Schools, Adel. 
 
 A. B., S. U. I, '02. 
 
 Married Ruth Penrose, December 23, 1902. 
 Gray, Alma, Mrs. Chas. A. Fullerton, Cedar Falls. 
 
 Married June 23, 1897. 
 Gray, Arthur M. 
 
 Married Lena T. Shannon, August 6, 1896. 
 Grimes, John W., Real Estate Agent, Woodbine. 
 
 Married Maud Love, August 15, 1900. 
 Hahn, Amy. 
 
 Hall, Bessie, Mrs. F. N. Foote, Nevada. 
 Hall, Jennie E. • 
 Halsey, Julia I., Mrs. Chas. Johnson. 
 
 Married June 15, 1898. 
 Harrod, Katie, Mrs. Geo. Forby, Montezuma. 
 
 Married June 15, 1898. 
 Held, Lillie M., Osteopath Physician, Le Mars. 
 
 D. O., '01. 
 Hemenway, Susie A., Teacher, East Waterloo. 
 Hibbs, Orrin E., Principal of Schools, Farnhamville. 
 Kelly, Mollie, High School Teacher, Perry. 
 Kepford, Uyton B., Life Insurance Agent, Waterloo. 
 Knickerbocker, Mary Edith, Mrs. Chas. Kellogg, Charles City. 
 
 Married August 11, 1900. 
 Learned, Cora A., Mrs. G. W. Hursey, Teacher, Upland, Cal. 
 
 Married July 27, 1898. 
 Lyon, Willard H., M. Di., '96. 
 Mackin, Maggie E., Mi. Di., '96. 
 
66 IOWA STATE NORMAL. SCHOOL. 
 
 Mason, Alice J., Mrs. J. J. McCartney. 
 
 Married June 12, 1902. 
 Maynard, Nellie, Mrs. C. A. McChesney, Fenton. 
 
 Married June 4, 1902. 
 McDonald, Sarah A., High School Teacher, Independence. 
 McElmeel, Owen P., M. Di., '96. 
 Miller, Nellie F., Mrs. F. H. Beedle. 
 Monroe, Edgar R., M. Di., '96. 
 Morey, Arthur G., Lawyer, Breckinridge, Minn. 
 
 LL.B., University of Minnesota, '00. 
 
 Married Harriet Eastman, June 23, 1896. 
 Muhs, Roberta, Camanche. 
 Nims, Myrtle, Iowa City. Married. 
 Paterson, Christina, Cherokee. 
 
 Peterson, Roxy M., Principal of High School, Dunlap. 
 Prall, John C, Secretary Y. M. C. A., Ames. 
 
 Ph.B., S. U. I., '98. 
 
 Married Jessie Ervin, August 22, 19QP. 
 Quigley, Samuel, Head of English Department, University 
 
 Preparatory School, Tonkawa, Okla. 
 Rayburn, E. D., Cashier, First National Bank, Montezuma. 
 
 Married Gertrude F. Powell, August 24, 1898. 
 Richardson, Mary B., Eighth Grade Teacher, Deadwood, S. D. 
 Rummell, Carl W,. Physician and Surgeon, Webster City. 
 
 M. D., Rush Medical College, '99. 
 
 Married Mabel Gillett, June 20, 1900. 
 Sandy, W. Ross, M. Di., '97. 
 
 Scobey, Guy H., Principal of Schools, Mechanicsville. 
 Singer, Anna M., M. Di., '96. 
 Stockman, James W., Physician, Brooks. 
 
 M. D., S. U. I., '03. 
 
 Married Adelaide G. Chambers, December 29, 1903. 
 Thayer, Orpha, Mrs. D. M. Forsyth, Griswold. 
 
 Married April 17, 1901. 
 Tyler, Helen A. 
 
IOWA STATE NORMAL, SCHOOL. 67 
 
 Vance, Joe E., M, Di., '98. 
 
 Waters, Ella, Mrs. Robert Fullerton, Cedar Falls. 
 
 Married June 14, 1900. 
 Weldy, Morton E., M. Di., '96. 
 Weldy, Nellie E., M. Di., '96. 
 Wilburn, Jessie Marie, Mrs. Frank M. Hickman. 
 
 Married December 25, 1900. 
 Wilkinson, Lina. 
 Worster, Ida, Mrs. N. H. Tyson, Spokane, Wash. 
 
 Married August 9, 1900. 
 Wyant, Richard M., M. Di., '96. 
 
 > 
 Class 1896. 
 
 Anderson, Nellie, Mrs. B. S. Asquith, Bellevue. 
 
 Married September 1, 1903. 
 Arnold, Nettie M., Mrs, C, W. Henderson, 14 12 Jones St., 
 
 Sioux City. 
 
 Married May 15, 1902. 
 Ballou, Edith, Teacher, Ames. 
 Banker, M'innie M., Mrs. John L. Roberts, Chapin. 
 
 Married June 22, 1899. 
 Barclay, Ethelyn M., Mrs. Roy S. Moore, 828 Third Ave., 
 
 Council Bluffs. 
 
 Married June 19, 1901. 
 Barnt, Jessie M., M. Di., '99. 
 Beeman, John R., Hardware Merchant, George. 
 
 Married Marie Horsfall, May 3, 1899. 
 Bell, Celia M. 
 Benson, Myrtle M., Mrs. C. W. McCord, Arlington. 
 
 Married June 19, 1901. 
 Boyd, Belle. 
 
 Bronson, Edwin O., M. Di., '96. 
 Bunce, Josephine L., Third Grade Teacher, West Des 'Moines. 
 
68 IOWA STATE NORMAL, SCHOOL. 
 
 Byerly, Eva M., High School Teacher, Maquoketa. 
 
 A. B., University of Michigan, '01. 
 Clark, Anna L., M. Di., '97. 
 Clayton, Chas, C, M. Di., '97. 
 
 Cobb, Berten M., Principal of Schools, Volga, S. D. 
 Craney, John E., Independence. 
 Crary, Bertha M., Mrs. E. H. Martin, Tripoli. 
 
 Married November 11, 1896. . 
 Croasdale, Inez S., Clerk, Little Sioux. 
 Curtis, Alice B., Professor of English and Oratory, Dean c 
 
 Women, Lombard Ladies' Hall, Galesburg, 111. 
 
 Ph. B., S. U. I., '03. 
 Davis, Charlotte M., M. Di., '97. 
 DeWitt, Catherine O. 
 
 Dodd, Cora B., Teacher, Rural School, Maquoketa. 
 Dodds, Calvin S., Ml Di., '97. 
 Draper, Amy B., Mrs. Bruce Riley, Goldfield. 
 
 Married September 30, 1896. 
 Eckhard, Lydia B., High School Assistant, Boone. 
 Eighmey, Edith M., M. Di., '99. 
 Fiscus, Nina, Mrs. H. C. Cummins, Cedar Falls. 
 
 Married June 22, 1898. 
 Frise, Harry A., Assistant Observer, Weather Bureau, 122 
 
 Cumberland St., Little Rock, Ark. 
 
 Married Elizabeth Winston Goddin, June 3, 1902. 
 Gardner, Minnie, Mrs. V. A. Barmore, Lake Park. 
 
 Married September 19, 1900. 
 Gates, Lula A., Mrs. O. N. Oleson, Elliott, N. D. 
 
 Married October 3, 1901. 
 Gilchrist, Mary L., Mrs. R. H. Gurley, New Hampton. 
 
 Married September 7, 1898. 
 Gillett, Mabel E., Mrs. Carl W. Rummel, Webster City. 
 
 Married June 20, 1900. 
 Glenn, Adelaide M., Mrs. Harry I. Brown, Cedar Falls. 
 
 Married June 25, 1896. 
 
IOWA STATE NORMAL. SCHOOL. 69 
 
 Golden, Marie, Mrs, C. B. Johnson, Earlham. 
 
 Married May 7, 1902. 
 3regg, Mrs. Belle, Osage. 
 Hammons, Ida. 
 Harkness, Corinna H., Mrs. Theo. L. Ashford, Boone. 
 
 Married September 22, 1897. 
 Hartsell, Nettie M. 
 
 Hayes, Belle, Grade Teacher, La Porte City. 
 nTegner, Emma K., Mrs. J. R. McNally, 1054 S. Ervay St., 
 
 Dallas, Texas. 
 
 •Married November 4, 1899. 
 rlegner, Wilhelmine C, Mrs. H. L. Walter, Decorah. 
 
 Married June 3, 1903. 
 -Jenness, Cora M.,. Mrs. D. A. Martin, Oskaloosa. 
 
 Married September 1, 1898. 
 ligley, Hattie E., Mrs. M. R. Timmerman, High School 
 
 Assistant, Wall Lake. 
 
 Married August 29, 1900. 
 iobbs, Lucy E. 
 
 Joffman, Jessie Alberta, High School Teacher, Charles City. 
 Mollis, Edward L., ML Di., '98. 
 ioward, Nellie S. 
 lunt, Percival, M. Di., '97. 
 Jameson Myrtle. 
 
 'ohnson, Charles F., M. Di., '97. 
 "ohnson, Joseph O., M. Di., '97. 
 Kennedy, May L., M. Di., '97. 
 Cimbell, Harriet A., Fifth Grade Teacher, Manson. 
 Knudsen, K. N., County Superintendent of Schools, Winne- 
 bago County, Forest City. 
 Kyler, William E., M. Di., '97. 
 Lambert, Byron J., M. Di., '97. 
 Lambert, Emma, M. Di., '97. 
 Lambert, John J., M. Di., '97. 
 
70 IOWA STATE NORMAL SCHOOL. 
 
 Lane, Alvis M., Letter Carrier, Billings, Mont. 
 
 Married Jessie M. Snider, June 14, 1898. 
 Landis, Maude, M. DL, '98. 
 Little, Bessie, Mrs. A. C. Reisinger, Dike. 
 
 Married April 11, 1899. 
 Lyon, John D., Medical Student, N. W. University Medical 
 
 College, 2184 Archer Ave., Chicago, 111. 
 McDowell, Elizabeth, Mrs. C. E. Buckley, Anamosa. 
 
 Married December 27, 1898. 
 McKeen, Henry M., Farmer, Sac City. 
 
 Married Mary L. Bock, June 26, 1898. 
 McMillen, Edmund H., Superintendent of Schools, Emerson, 
 
 Neb. 
 
 Married Martha Harper, July 21, 1901. 
 McNally, J. R., 1054 S. Ervay St., Dallas, Texas. 
 
 Married Emma K. Hegner, November 4, 1899. 
 McNeil, Grace A., Seventh Grade Teacher, 210 S. Madison 
 
 Ave., Pasadena, Cal. 
 Mitchell, Berta, Mrs. Wm. T. Robertson, Deadwood, S. D. 
 
 Married August 8, 1900. 
 Montgomery, Eliza, Mrs. A. H. Eddy, Oskaloosa. 
 
 Mlarried June 13, 1900. 
 Moore, Eva B. 
 
 Moore, Minta R., Fifth Grade Teacher, Tipton. 
 Mowry, Alzada B., Grade Teacher, West Des Moines. 
 Muhs, Mary L., Science Instructor, Nevada. 
 Mfuhs, Edith D., Superintendent of Nurses, Lutheran Hos- 
 pital, La Crosse, Wis. 
 Otis, Caroline, M. Di., '97. 
 Osier, Ethel L. 
 Parker, Leora A., M. Di., '99. 
 Prall, Thaddeus M., M. Di., '01. 
 
 B. Ped., Dakota University, '99. 
 Romey, Lulu L. 
 
 \ 
 
IOWA STATE NORMAL SCHOOL, 71 
 
 Schenck, Erwin, Physician and Surgeon, 202 Century Bldg., 
 
 Des Moines. 
 
 B. S., S. U. I., '99. M. D., New York Homeopathic 
 
 Medical College, '00. 
 Schuff, Ellen, Department Superintendent, Girls' Boarding 
 
 School, Guntur, Kristna Dist., India. 
 
 B. A., '00, Carthage College. 
 Shank, Gertrude M., Mrs. L. F. Richardson, Terril. 
 
 Mlarried September 24, 1902. 
 Shoemaker, Alice M., Mrs. B. B. Welty, Nevada. 
 
 Married June 14, 1900. 
 Sparr, Rosa E., M. Di., '97. 
 Speke, Stella M. 
 Timmerman, M. R., M. Di., 'oo. 
 Walker, Flora A. 
 Welty, Bert B., Attorney at Law, Nevada. 
 
 Married Alice Shoemaker, June 14, 1900. 
 White, Alice J., Assistant Principal, Dysart. 
 Whited, Lydia, Teacher, Brawley, CaL 
 Wilcox, Frances, Mrs. Stanton R. Hoyt, Webster City. 
 
 Mlarried September 5, 1900. 
 Williams, Fred, Cashier in Bank, Barnes City. 
 Wing, Lena, Mrs. C. R. McDowell, Doon. 
 
 Married September 12, 1899. 
 Young, Anna Marie, Mrs. M. W. Moulton, Bellevue. 
 
 Married December 27, 1899. • 
 Youngquist, Emma C, Sixth Grade Teacher, Sioux City. 
 
 Class 1897. 
 
 Anderson, Margaret, Teacher, Hurley, S. D. 
 Arnold, Mae, Mrs, M. D. Grouchy. 
 
 Married November 8, 1899. 
 Barnett, Frances, M. Di., '00. 
 Beall, Clifford S., Editor Lakefield Herald, Lakefield, Minn. 
 
 Married Mae Barrows, August 31, 1898. 
 
72 IOWA STATE NORMAL, SCHOOL. 
 
 Bell, Walter W., Principal of Schools, Lohrville. 
 
 Berkley, J. O., Broker, Lincoln, Neb. 
 
 Bernard, Anna A., Principal of High School, Reinbeck. 
 
 Black, Anna Bell, M. Di., 'oo. 
 
 Boardman, Myrtle A., Mrs. Chas. F. Johnson, 153 1 12th 
 
 St., Des Moines. 
 
 Married June 6, 1900. 
 Border, Anna R^, Mrs. A. E. Simpson, Teacher, Rural 
 
 School, Barnum, Minn. 
 Boyle, Mary A., Mrs. Edward W. Magee, Dunkerton. 
 
 Married June 8, 1898. 
 Bozarth, Maud, M. Di., '99. 
 Byers, Matilda, Mrs. Sylvester W. Arthur, Nevada. 
 
 Married November 14, 1900. 
 Carlson, Minnie R. 
 Cavett, Chas. W., M. Di., '02. 
 
 Married Viola Hillman, June 6, 1902. 
 Chambers, Adelaide G., Mrs, J. Wm. Stockman, Brooks. 
 
 Married December 29, 1903. 
 Clark, Carrie E., Mrs. Chas. Dinkel, Charles City. 
 
 Married August 28, 1900. 
 Clark, Florence B., Practicing Law, 504 E St. N. W., Wash- 
 ington, D. C. 
 Coates, Wm. W., Principal of Grammar School, La Verne, 
 
 Cal. 
 Curkeet, Rena Mke, M: Di., '98. 
 Davis, Flora E., Monona. 
 Downs, Linnie A., Mrs. H. H. Savage, Denison. 
 
 Married August 8, 1900. 
 Drake, Francis M., Charter Oak. 
 Edwards, Bertha J., Mrs. J. R. Vaughan, Waterloo. 
 
 Married October 20, 1897. 
 Elderkin, Lily, Stenographer, Missoula, Mont. 
 Epley, Winona E., Mrs. Ed F. Axtell, Spencer. 
 
 Miarried June 28, 1899. 
 
IOWA STATE NORMAL SCHOOL. 73 
 
 Feld, Sara, Nurse, Cedar Falls. 
 Ford, Wm. J. 
 
 Married Bertha Merrick, June 28, 1899. 
 Fowlie, Frank E., Principal of Schools, Onslow. 
 
 Married Carrie F. Paul, August 22, 1900. 
 Fullerton, M. Alice, Instructor Cedar Valley Seminary, 
 
 Osage. 
 Garrison, Hattie A. 
 Gerard, Theo. A. 
 
 Gillaspie, Ida, Principal of High School, Hampton. 
 Goodale, Anna C, Nurse, Cedar Rapids. 
 Gordon, Ida Belle, Mrs. Ulysses Milan Hibbets, Grinnell. 
 
 Married October 14, 1903. 
 Gordon, Mary A., Special Music and Science Teacher in 
 
 High School, Hawarden. 
 Graham, Lillian Constance, Mrs. Harry F. Camp, Anamosa. 
 
 Married October 30, 1901. 
 Haworth, Harriet D. 
 Heath, Harry W., Merchant, Shellsburg. 
 
 Married Nellie Dickinson, June 10, 1903. 
 Heaton, Elizabeth, Mrs, Whitney, Student Parsons College, 
 
 Fairfield. 
 
 B. A., Parsons College, '03. 
 
 Married December 22, 1898. 
 Heidenreich, Louise, Mrs. D. A. Tisdale, Gilman. 
 
 Married February 5, 1902. 
 Hinkley, Blanche, High School Assistant, Waukon. 
 
 A. B., Cornell College, '02. 
 Hoagland, Mayme, Primary Teacher, Cedar Falls. 
 Hobbs, Mary K. 
 Hollen, Mary, Mrs. D. W. Carlisle, Lineville. 
 
 Married July 2, 1901. 
 Houghton, Hannah L., Student S. U. I., 217 Davenport St., 
 
 Iowa City. 
 
74 IOWA STATE NORMAL. SCHOOL. 
 
 Howard, Alice C, Physician and Surgeon, Elkader. 
 
 M. D., Hahnemann Medical College, '02. 
 Howard, Hattie R., Mrs. W. O. Congdon, Cuba, N. Y. 
 
 Married September 17, 1903. 
 Huffman, Emma F., Seventh Grade Teacher, Perry. ' 
 Hughes, Mary M., Student I. S. N. S., Cedar Falls. 
 Johnson, Carrie E. 
 Johnson, Jose E. 
 
 Johnson, Luella, Second Primary Teacher, Emmetsburg. 
 Kelley, Alyce R., Teacher, Lake Forest, 111. 
 Klepinger, Nora Edna. 
 Klinefelter, Margaret L., Mrs. A. W. Mell, Valley Junction. 
 
 Married October 31, 1899. 
 Larrison, Orrell, M. Di., '02. 
 Lias, Jessie F. Assistant Principal, Bellevue. 
 Manson, Almon A., M. Di., '98. 
 Mercer, Lena G., M. Di., '00. 
 
 Miner, Mary B., Mrs. N. H. Bonwell, Shawnee, Okla. 
 Mitchell, Lela, M. Di., '01. 
 Mowry, Fanny May, M. Di., '98. 
 Mowry, Jason L., M. Di., '98. 
 Neff, Edith O., Mrs. Arthur S. Magann, Fairbury, 111. 
 
 Married June 21, 1899. 
 Newton, Evelyn I. 
 Niday, Nora M., Mrs. C. A. Ratcliffe, Stanberry, Mo. 
 
 Married May 16, 1900. 
 O'Brien, Ella. 
 Oldham, Nina, Mlrs. J. B. Frisbee, Sheldon. 
 
 Married June 28, 1900. 
 Osier, Ben A., Farmer, Carson. 
 
 Married Myrtle M. Hogue, January 21, 1903. 
 Peters, Alice, Ottumwa. 
 Pollock, Harriet May, Ft. Dodge. 
 
 Popham, Frank C, Superintendent of Schools, Belmond. 
 Reed, Minnie D. 
 
IOWA STATE NORMAL SCHOOL. 75 
 
 Reese, Florence N., Mrs. Walter Aitkin, Livingston, MonL 
 
 Married May 22, 1898. 
 Roberts, Jessie B., Fourth Grade Teacher, Waterloo. 
 Rockwell, Florence S., Mrs. ElihtuD. Watt, 80 Seventh Ave . 
 
 LaGrange, 111. 
 
 Married September 12, 1899. 
 Satterthwaite, Geo. W., M. Di., '01. 
 Schulze, Louise. 
 Scott, Nellie Mayo. 
 Showers, Anna, Mrs. Frank M. Stevens, Cedar Falls. 
 
 Married June 24, 1902. 
 Sloss, Jeanette V., M. Di., '98. 
 Snedicor, Adah S., Mirs. F. A. Ballard, Cherokee. 
 
 Married December 28, 1898. 
 Steele, Clarence E., Secretary Y. M. C. A., Hancock, Mich. 
 
 Married Maude Long, June 6, 1900. 
 Stewart, Elsie G., Third Grade Teacher, 602 Spurgeon St., 
 
 Santa Ana, Cal. 
 Swan, Henrietta M., Mrs. Wm. Innes, Luverne, Minn. 
 
 Married July 1, 1903. 
 Wachholz, Marie, Mrs. L. J. Elkeman, Algona. 
 
 Married September 8, 1898. 
 Wagner, Ida A., Grammar Grade Teacher, Orient. 
 Warwick, Lewis A., Principal of Schools, Grand Junction. . 
 
 Married Carrie L. Smith, October 21, 1901. 
 Wells, Vennie L., Mrs. Frederick A. Reese, Turin. 
 
 Married June 27, 1900. 
 Whitaker, Faith, Mrs. Waldo E. Stucker. 
 
 Married February 9, 1902. 
 Whitmore, Georgia, Mrs. Joe Ball, Fairfield. 
 
 Married in 1902. 
 Whitmore, Olive, M. Di., '98. 
 Young, Margaret, Grade Teacher, Tipton. 
 
76 IOWA STATE NORMAL SCHOOL. 
 
 Class 1898. 
 
 Achenbach, Naomi, M. Di., '00. 
 
 Adams, Mdnnie A., Mrs. Ezra C. Potter. 
 Married January 26, 1899. 
 
 Anderson, Mjae Edith, Mrs. Irving C. Lovejoy. 
 Married May 26, 1902. 
 
 Antrim, Lincoln, Principal of Mt. Pleasant Academy, Mt. 
 Pleasant. 
 
 Bain, Lizzie, High School Assistant, 344 East First South St., 
 Salt Lake City, Utah. 
 
 Belknap, Mabel, Mrs. Adolph Seibel, Minden. 
 Married August 15, 1902. 
 
 Bell, Willis J., M. DL, '99. 
 
 Bernard, Verna, Assistant Principal, Traer. 
 
 Berry, Margaret I., Seventh Grade Teacher, 1501 W. Sev- 
 enth St., Sioux City. 
 
 Birdsall, Alta A., Mrs. P. E, MeClenahan, Winterset. 
 Married August 30, 1899. 
 
 Birdsall, Mfrry J., Mrs, R. A. Santee, Cedar Falls. 
 Married June 28, 1899. 
 
 Boardman, Benjamin, M. Di., '00. 
 
 Bovee, Lulu, M. Di., '00. 
 
 Bronson, Frank A., M. Di., '99. 
 
 Brummund, Ellen S., Mrs. W. H. Woito, Luverne. 
 Married June 24, T902. 
 
 Bundy, Bird, Eighth Grade Teacher, Cedar Falls. 
 
 Bushyager, Lizzie, M, Di., '99. 
 
 Carey, Agnes F. 
 
 Carpenter, Erma J., Mrs. Henry J. Zilm. 
 Married November 2, 1898. 
 
 Clute, Jennie W., Principal of Steuben School, 224 Dear- 
 born Ave., Kankakee, 111. 
 
IOWA STATE NORMAL SCHOOL. 77 
 
 Cole, Perry O., Superintendent Cerro Gordo County Schools, 
 
 Mason City. 
 
 Married Jennie McLeod, November 8, 1899. 
 Coome*, Anna Bessie, Grade Teacher, Des Moines. 
 Cummins, Harry C, Instructor in Penmanship and Book- 
 keeping, I. S. N. S., Cedar Falls. 
 
 Married Nina Fiscus, June 2.2, 1898. 
 Curtis, Edith E. 
 Daniels, Lillian Belle. 
 
 Dority, Nellie, Principal High School, Jefferson. 
 Du Bois, Gertrude. 
 Dunham, Nellie U. 
 Eggleson, Vernon R., R. F. D. Carrier, Sumner. 
 
 Married Grace E. N orris, April 22, 1903. 
 Eighmey, Ada, First Primary Teacher, Cresco. 
 Emery, Irene S. 
 England, Lena Pearle, Mrs. F. L. Drennon, Glenwood. 
 
 Married July 22, 1902. 
 Ensign, Chas. T., M. DL, '99. 
 Epley, Irena V., Grade Teacher, Holstein. 
 Fabrick, Elsie, Student, I. S. N. S., Cedar Falls. 
 Ferguson, Rose, Student, S. U. I., Iowa City. 
 Fields, Violette M., Mrs. Percy Burroughs, Waterloo. 
 
 Married October 10, 1900. 
 Fowler, Alice J., Eighth Grade Teacher, Luverne, Minn. 
 Freeland, Lily A., Mrs. Joseph Ashley. 
 Fuller, Amos W. 
 
 Gait, Flora Belle, First Primary Teacher, Traer. 
 Garland, Edith L. 
 Garrett, Vinnie. 
 Gibson, Ezra N., Principal of Schools, State Center. 
 
 Married Blanche Squires, August 13, 1902. 
 Gillette, Lucy, Mrs. J. H. Mowrer, Quasqueton. 
 
 Married March 9, 1898. 
 
 Cedar Falls. 
 
78 IOWA STATE NORMAL SCHOOL. 
 
 Goude, Minnie M., Teacher, Pullman, Wash. 
 
 Green, Frank E. 
 
 Green, Guy E., Hardware Merchant, Hawkeye. 
 
 Married Hattie E. Lyon, August 22, 1899. 
 Grimes, Kittie M., Eighth Grade Teacher, Wapello. 
 Harkness, Elisabeth J. 
 Harris Jesse, Truck Farmer, Cedar Falls. 
 Hartsock, Jessie M., Music Teacher, Public Schools, Goldfield. 
 Hedges, Bertha M. 
 Heminger, A. L., Superintendent of Van Buren County 
 
 Schools, Keosauqua. 
 
 B. L., S. U. L, '03. 
 Hieber, Amelia F., Grade Teacher, Miarshalltown. 
 Hinman, Nellie, Mrs. W. H. Eddy, Boyden. 
 
 Married June 18, 1902. 
 Horswell, Thyrza B., Primary Teacher, Thompson. 
 Hoyt, Jennie May. 
 
 Hursey, Maud, Teacher of Mathematics and History, Morris- 
 town, Tenn. 
 Jameyson, C. O., Superintendent of Schools, Reinbeck. 
 
 Married Hannah M,. Tow, November 27, 1902. 
 Jennings, Hallie, High School Teacher, Marion. 
 Johnson, Anna. 
 
 Johnsrud, Johan J., Blabon, N. D. 
 Johnston, T. A. 
 Kaufman, Flora, Mrs. I. C. Welty, Nevada. 
 
 Married July 6, 1899. 
 Keeler, M. Nervie, Physician, Greeley, Colo. 
 
 D. O., Still College of Osteopathy. 
 Korinke, Edith L., M. DL, '03. 
 Kuebler, Anna R., Primary Teacher, Lowden. 
 Lamb, Willis E., M. Di., '02. 
 
 Married M. Elvie Lair, November 16, 1899. 
 Larson, Dora M., Assistant Principal, Audubon. 
 
IOWA STATE NORMAL SCHOOL. 79 
 
 Lewis, Lucy G., First Primary Teacher, 13 10 Seventh St., 
 
 Des Moines. 
 Logan, M, E., M. Di., '00. 
 Long, Maude A., Mrs. C. E. Steele, Hancock, Mich. 
 
 Married June 6, 1900. 
 Mallon, Harriett. 
 Manson, Alma A. 
 Marsh, Bertha L., Fairfield. 
 
 Martin, Wm. G., Student, Iowa State College, Ames. 
 McConnell, Katie. 
 McClenahan, Perry E., M. EH., '99. 
 
 McDuffie, Mary R., High School Assistant, East Waterloo. 
 Mcllravy, Frank D., M. Di., '99. 
 McMullen, Chas., Teacher, Weston, Oregon. 
 Miller, Almond D., M. Di., '99. 
 Miller, Jessie L, M. Di., '03. 
 Miller, Julia F., Cedar Falls. 
 Montgomery, Anna, Grade Teacher, 434 Howard Ave., 
 
 Seattle, Wash. 
 Moore, Henry L. 
 Morris, Rose A., M. Di., '00. 
 Ney, Sara M. 
 Outwater, Frances G., Mrs. W. W. Patterson, 308 Ninth St., 
 
 Clinton. 
 
 Married October 24, 1900. 
 Parmenter, Elizabeth S., Third Grade Teacher, Mason City, 
 Peterson, Ralph O., Bookkeeper, Weir, Kan. 
 Pollard, Katherine. 
 Poor, Edna M., M. Di., '99. 
 Putnam, Myrtle E., Assistant Principal, Carson. 
 Quist, Minnie, Primary Teacher, Essex. 
 Ryan, Mary, Primary Teacher, Cedar Falls. 
 Salisbury, Willard E., Superintendent of Schools, Clarinda. 
 
 Married Georgia Cook, June 20, 1900. 
 Schenk, Casper, M. Di., '99. 
 
80 IOWA STATE NORMAL SCHOOL. 
 
 Schneider, Carrie. 
 
 Shaw, Mabel, Mrs. W. H. Ray, Gowrie. 
 
 Married June 24, 1903. 
 Sheppard, Edwin T., Superintendent of Schools, Onawa. 
 
 Married Eva Dwelley, August 25, 1898. 
 Sheridan, Margaret, Mrs. T. W. Hartigan, Aurelia. 
 
 Married June 27, 1900. 
 Slawson, Jennie, Mrs. Chas. Sargeant, Cherokee. 
 
 Married May 25, 1903. 
 Smith, Edgar S., Principal of Schools, Cambridge. 
 
 Married Libbie Anderson, August 16, 1900. 
 Smith, Frances E., Teacher, Rural School, Clarion. 
 Smith, Nellie L., M. Di., '00. 
 Smith, Sue E. 
 Sougstad, Jeanette, Mrs. Ralph E. Joy. 
 
 Married June 30, 1901. 
 Steinman, Elsie M., High School Assistant, Elma. 
 Stevenson, Margaret -O., Financial Secretary, Y. W. C. A., 
 
 Lincoln, Neb. 
 Stewart, Henrietta, Mrs. John W. Boardman. 
 
 Married March 20, 1902. 
 Sturgeon, Ida E., Mrs. H. E. Moffett, Grundy Center. 
 
 Married June 27, 1900. 
 Sutherland, Chas. R., M. Di., '99. 
 Sweet, Brayton. 
 Thompson, Ella Margaret, High School Teacher, Lincoln, 
 
 111. 
 Van Dyke, Nora B., Mrs. Edward B. Clingman. 
 
 Married November 23, 1898. 
 Y"st, Natalia I. 
 
 Volland, Roscoe H., M. Di., '99. 
 Wallace, Kathleen M., Mrs. John Paul Jansen, Jansen, Neb. 
 
 Married April 4, 1900. 
 Walters, Katherine F., Latin Teacher, High School, Cedai 
 
 Falls. 
 
IOWA STATE NORMAL SCHOOL. 81 
 
 Williams, John J., Principal of Schools, Castle Park, Wash. 
 
 Williams, Mrs. Olie, Student, Capital City Commercial Col- 
 lege, 1 1 50 Sixth Ave., Des Moines. 
 
 Wood, Daisy D., M. Di., '03. 
 
 Youell, Blaine T., Principal of Schools, Doon. 
 Married Jennie Hancock, August 1, 1900. 
 
 Class 1899. 
 
 Anderson, Chloris, Grade Teacher, Rosalia, Washington. 
 
 Ankerman, Lina C, M. Di., '02. 
 
 Arnold, Mary S., Grade Teacher, Spokane, Wash. 
 
 Ayres, Gertrude, High School Assistant, Oelwein. 
 
 Baldwin, Stephen J. 
 
 Balmer, Nina L,., Mrs. Ted Roy Schenck, Springville, Utah- 
 Married December 26, 1900. 
 
 Bardsley, Bessie C, Neola. 
 
 Bardsley, Myrtle A., Mrs, John Felton, Spokane, Wash. 
 Married October 21, 1903. 
 
 Barloon, Wm. J., County Superintendent of Schools, Carroll. 
 Married Minnie E. Ryan, June 19, 1900. 
 
 Behrens, Carl D., Teacher, Philippines. 
 
 Black, Edna, M. Di., '02. 
 
 Blake, Alice E., Sixth Grade Teacher, Sioux City. 
 
 Blake, Loretta H., Teacher, Des Moines. 
 
 Bock, Harriet C. 
 
 Boyle, James A., M. Di., 'oo. 
 
 Brainard, Grace E., Grade Teacher, East Waterloo. 
 
 Buchanan, Bessie B., Fifth Grade Teacher, Fairfield. 
 
 Cahow, Nellie, Student, I. S, N. S., Cedar Falls. 
 
 Calderwood, Wm. S., Real Estate Dealer, Rouleau, Assa., 
 Canada. 
 Married Elizabeth Huey, January 1, 1902. 
 
 Christiansen, Jens, M. Di., '01. 
 
 Clark, Dora D., Seventh Grade Teacher, Perry. 
 
82 IOWA STATE NORMAL, SCHOOL. 
 
 Clark, Gertrude. Mrs. E. W. Parker, Sutherland. 
 
 Mjarried June 18, 1903. 
 Clingman, Edward B. 
 Coates, Ada B., High School Teacher, 115 E. Eighteenth St., 
 
 Cheyenne, Wyo. 
 Collins, Erie, M. Di., '03. 
 Dane, Mildred, M. Di., '00. 
 David, Lesta, Mrs. J. E. Troth, Little Rock. 
 
 Married July ^, 1902. 
 Davis; Mary E. 
 
 Detwiller, Wm. G., M. Di., '00. 
 
 Diddy, Harriet Mae, Second Primary Teacher, Perry. 
 Dolan, Mae G., High School Assistant, Oelwein. 
 Drew, Myrtle A. 
 
 Eaton, Geo. D., Principal of Schools, Lacona. 
 Eaton, Joseph W., Teacher, Anaconda, Mont. 
 Elder, Myrtle A. 
 Fayram, Mielvin R., Principal of Schools, Shellsburg. 
 
 Married Lenoir Harmon, March, 1902. 
 Fesenbeck, Sedona L., M. Di., '02. 
 
 Fletcher, Anna M., First Primary Teacher, Hillyard, Wash. 
 Fullerton, Grace, Mrs. Ralph Lane, Marshalltown. 
 
 Married August 14, 1900. 
 Furrow, Florence E. 
 
 Gardner, Delia M., Music Teacher, Clear Lake. 
 Gepson, Edward, Superintendent of Schools, Glidden. 
 Gifford, Arhuna T., Principal of Schools, Lynnville. 
 Gletty, Geo. A. 
 
 Graham, Florence E., High School Assistant, Rock Rapids. 
 Groesbeck, Lida. 
 
 Hansen, Johanna, Student, Pratt Institute, Brooklyn, N. Y. 
 Hill, E. C, ML Di., '00. 
 Hoag, Laura A., Grade Teacher, Sioux City. 
 Hochstetler, Mame E., ML Di., '02. 
 Hopkins, Liona. 
 
IOWA STATE NORMAL SCHOOL. 83 
 
 Hostetter, Caro O., Mrs. W. Z. Allen, Dexter. 
 
 Married September 10, 1902. 
 Huie, Jennie, Grade Teacher, Dunlap. 
 Jackson, Prudence, Teacher, Rural School, Gilmore City. 
 Jaklin, Gertrude. 
 Jensen, Hannah., M. Di., '00. 
 Johnson, Marie, Grade Teacher, Goldfield. 
 Kelly, Lou. 
 
 Kerstetter, Susan, M. Di., '03. 
 Kincaid, Grace, Assistant Postmaster, Walnut. 
 Klinefelter, Mame, Principal of Ward School, Des Moines. 
 Kneedy, Clara, Grade Teacher, 7728 Reynolds Ave., Chicago. 
 Kolb, F.L., M. Di., 'of. 
 Kuppinger, Fred J. 
 Lamb, Manton J., M. Di., '00. 
 Lang, Carrie J., Fifth Grade Teacher, Station A., Pasadena 
 
 Cal. 
 Leonard, Marian E., Teacher, Gruver. 
 Lindsey, Jennie M., Singing Evangelist, Dundee- 
 Long, Lillian E., M. Di., '01. 
 Madson, Valeda, Teacher, 815 Fourth Ave. S., Minneapolis, 
 
 Minn. 
 McKellar, Jennie E., M. Di., '00. 
 Meier, Emma L., Second Primary Teacher, Boone. 
 Mercer, Mae B., Second Primary Teacher, Pocahontas. 
 Mettlin, Nellie, Mrs. S. K. Hazlet. 
 
 Married August 14, 1902. 
 Meyer, Philomena M. 
 
 Miller, Emma Mae, High School Teacher, Shenandoah. 
 Montgomery, Mable, Mrs. R. H. Volland, Student, S. U. I., 
 
 Iowa City. 
 
 Married June 21, 1903. 
 Moore, Ella E., Principal of High School, Walnut. 
 
 B. A., S. U. L, '03. 
 Morrill, Ida H., Teacher, Salida, Colo. 
 
84 IOWA STATE NORMAL, SCHOOL. 
 
 Morton, Olivia M., Mrs. Olivia Morton Birtwell, Albuquer- 
 que, N. M. 
 
 Nelson, Louise A., Teacher of Political Science and Litera- 
 ture, Lutheran College, Jewell. 
 
 Nichols, Ernest E. 
 
 Oathout, M. Nellie, Mrs. Cleon Emery, Welcome, Minn. 
 Married August 26, 1903. 
 
 Orton, Olive, M. Di., '00. 
 
 Packer, Georgia E., Assistant Principal, Rockwell City. 
 
 Peters, Clarence R. 
 
 Philpot, Anna, Teacher Mathematics, High School, Cedar 
 Falls. 
 
 Pingrey, Lucy O., High School Assistant, Dews. 
 
 Poorbaugh, Edna S. 
 
 Poots, Frank A., M. Di., '02. 
 
 Ouigley, Edward G., Student, S. U. T., Iowa City. 
 
 Ransom, Maude B., Mrs. Brandt, Neola. 
 
 Rathbun, Bessie E. 
 
 Rhynsburger, Cornelia E., Teacher, Ft Dodge. 
 
 Riggs, Blanche E., M. Di., '00. 
 
 Ripley, Galen G., Attorney at Law, Mi not, X. D. 
 LL. B., Drake University, '03. 
 
 Robinson, Stella M., Mrs. Forest Wynegai, Cedar Falls. 
 Married December 7, 1890 
 
 Rodman, Abbie A., M. Di., '00. 
 
 Rourke, Mary, M. Di., '01. 
 
 Rownd, Nellie M., M. Di., '01 
 
 Schulte, Anna. 
 
 ShafrYier, Ira F., M. Di., '00. 
 
 Shearer, Chas. P., M. Di., '00. 
 
 Sherman, Sara P., Student, Columbia School of Oratory, 
 6027 Ellis Ave., Chicago, 111. 
 
 Simpson, Alice M. 
 
 Smith, Bell, R. F. D. No. 3, Des Moines. 
 
 Smith, Josephine, Science Teacher, High Schou 1 , Knoxville. 
 
IOWA STATE NORMAL SCHOOL. 85 
 
 Sougstad, Alma, Mrs. Wm. T. Campbell, Belmond. 
 
 Married January r, 1900. 
 Sullivan, Lucy, Seventh Grade Teacher, Waterloo. 
 Sylvester, Enoch D. 
 Taylor, Alice E., Mrs. G. W. Neal, Barnard, Missouri. 
 
 Married June 17, 1903. 
 Taylor, Bertha B., Grade Teacher, 191 5 Nebraska St., Sioux 
 
 City. 
 Thompson, Gertrude, Sixth Grade Teacher, Hibbing, Minn. 
 Thompson, Mary H., Grade Teacher, Des Moines. 
 Tostlebe, Lydia A., Grade Teacher, New Hartford. 
 Trask, Minnie B., Teacher of Mathematics, 324 W. Prospect 
 
 St., Kewanee, 111. 
 Treasure, James F., Principal of Schools, Bloomfield. 
 
 Married Edna Hannet, June 29, 1899. 
 Turner, Jessie L., Maxwell. 
 Waldo, Tressie, Grade Teacher, Spencer. 
 Warren, E. J., M. Di., '01. 
 Wassam, Clarence, M. Di., '00. 
 Wells, L. Edna, Assistant Principal, Lewis. 
 Wentland, Frank A. 
 Wilson, Jennie. 
 7iegler, Ida G., Grade Teacher, Dallas Center. 
 
 Class 1900. 
 
 Anders, Myrtie E., Principal of High School, Rock Rapids. 
 
 Anderson, Bertha E., Mrs. J. B. Large, Ruthven. 
 
 Arent, Palmine, M. Di., '01. 
 
 Arnett, Elizabeth, M. Di., 'oi. 
 
 Atchley, John W., M. Di., 'oi. 
 
 Baker, E. S., M. Di., 'oi. 
 
 Baker, Eva M. 
 
 Barr, Myrtle Mae, First Primary Teacher, Marble Rock. 
 
 Barr, Maude L., Grade Teacher, West Waterloo. 
 
86 IOWA STATE NORMAL SCHOOL. 
 
 Beak, Bertha B., Mrs. Chalmer Love, Grundy Center. 
 
 Married October 24, 1900. 
 Bevans, Sue, Teacher, Anamosa. 
 Bidlack, Lura, M. Di., '01. 
 Blaska, Ada L., M. Di., '02. 
 Bowersox, Ruia M. 
 Bowman, Laura, Student, Radcliffe College, Wellesley Hills, 
 
 Mass. 
 Bridges, John C, Director Orchestral Department, Univer- 
 sity Preparatory School, Tonkawa, Okia. 
 Burt, Ethel M., Mrs. Fred Brockshienk, Peterson. 
 Burton, W. A., M. Di., '01. 
 Bryan, Beulah, Mrs, H. W. Chehock, Livermore. 
 
 Married December 25, 1901. 
 Canfield, May G., Assistant Principal, Sioux Rapids. 
 Canfield, Nellie, Mrs. Percy H. Kneeland, Boone. 
 
 Mjarried October 7, 1903. 
 Caward, Gertrude, Assistant Principal, Hull. 
 Clark, Amy L. 
 Connor, Dell May, Mrs. F. W. Moore, Le Mars. 
 
 Miarried August 5, 1903. 
 Cory, Mrs. C. S., Humboldt. 
 Cramer, Maude L. 
 
 Craven, Margaret J., Grammar Grade Teacher, Pierce, Neb. 
 Curtis, Lewis D., Jr., M. Di., '01. 
 Dana, Harry W., Principal of Schools, Dedham. 
 Daley, Clara M., Teacher of History and Bookkeeping, High 
 
 School, Charles City. 
 Dimmitt, L. Mabel, High School Assistant, Eldon. 
 Donnan, Mary Belle, Grade Teacher, Independence. 
 Durant, Carrie I. 
 
 Edgerly, Alice G., Grammar Grade Teacher, Des Moines. 
 Eland, Thomas L., Medical Student, S. U. I., Iowa City. 
 Elliott, Ruth B., Teacher, Ware, Mass, 
 Kngelhart, Lena H., Grade Teacher, Mason City. 
 
IOWA STATE NORMAL. SCHOOL. 87 
 
 Estes, Reuben M., M. Di., '01. 
 
 Fish, Rena, Grade Teacher, Nevada. 
 
 Fisher, De Etta A., 2743 N. Hermitage Ave., Chicago, 111. 
 
 Fleming, Florence. 
 
 Franklin, E. E., Principal of Schools, Bagley. 
 
 Married Eulu Remine, August 26, 1903. 
 Freeburg, Jay M., Dental Student, University of Minnesota. 
 
 822 Fourth St., S. E., Minneapolis, Minn. 
 Freeburg, Harry M., Medical Student, University of Minne- 
 sota, 822 Fourth St., S. E., Minneapolis, Minn. 
 Freeburg, Mattie A., Mrs. F. L. Evans, Tama. 
 
 Married March 19, 1903. 
 Gamble, Edna S., High School Assistant, Garden Grove. 
 Gregson, E. W., Merchant, Ewart. 
 
 Married Nellie S. Watson, June 11, 1903. 
 Hageman, Mattie, Grammar Grade Teacher, Rippey. 
 Halstead, Albert L., M. Di., '01. 
 Hansen, Hannah C, Mrs. Albert Roach, Fort Dodge. 
 
 Married January 27, 1904. 
 Hardie, Ralph C., Superintendent of Schools, Norman, Okla. 
 Harmon, Inez. 
 
 Hawk, Thos. E., M. Di., '01. 
 Hayden, U. Grant, Ml. Di., '01. 
 Heller, Anna E., Grade Teacher, Waterloo. 
 Hemsworth, Earl V., with Iowa Telephone Co., Des Moines. 
 Hoover, Arthur L., Clerk in Bank, Waterloo. 
 Horner, Letta D., Redfield. 
 
 Howe, Daisy, High School Principal, Hot Springs, S. D. 
 Hoxie, Nellie N., M. Di., '03. 
 Hubbard, Eva C, Calgary, Canada. 
 Huddy, Nora L. 
 Indra, Mary S. 
 
 Jackson, Emma, Grade Teacher, Stanton. 
 Jones, Jedie E., Mrs. B. T. Osher, Graettinger. 
 
 Married December 10, 1902. 
 
88 IOWA STATE NORMAL SCHOOL. 
 
 Keehl, Mary E., Grade Teacher, Glenwood Springs, Colo. 
 Keeler, Harriet A., Mrs, J. Ralph Magee, 1614 Garretson 
 
 Ave., Sioux City. 
 
 Married September 10, 1902. 
 Killeen, Katherine, Dubuque. 
 
 A. B., University of Michigan, '03. 
 Kimball, Florence, Special Drawing Teacher, Hawarden. 
 Lane, Maude E,, Grade Teacher, Sioux City. 
 Lewis, Ralph R.., Principal of Ward School, Cedar Rapids. 
 Ling, Ruth L., Sixth Grade Teacher, East Waterloo. 
 Long, Thos. L., Medical Student, S. U. I., Iowa City. 
 Love, Chalmer L., Superintendent of Schools, Grundy Center. 
 
 Married Bertha B. Beale, October 24, 1900. 
 Lynch, J. L, Clarence. 
 Magee, Wm. G., M. Di., 'oi. 
 Mallory, Mrs. Alice Q., Principal of Ward School, Missouri 
 
 Valley. 
 Marsh, Ruth M., M. Di., '01. 
 
 Martin, Laura E., High School Assistant, Belmond. 
 Maynard, Jennie B., Fourth Grade Teacher, Cedar Falls. 
 Miller, E. Josephine. 
 
 Miller, Florence Evelyn, Second Primary Teacher, Marshall- 
 town. 
 Morris, Ida I., Primary Teacher, Atalissa. 
 
 Ph. B., Iowa College, '96. 
 Moyer, Louise B., 76 Seventh Ave., La Grange, 111. 
 Myers, Armanella, Mrs. Milton Allen, Bedford. 
 McClain, Sadie, La Moille. 
 McClung, Mary L. 
 McGovern, Margaret, Mrs. Walter McAllister, Waterloo. 
 
 Married June, 1903. 
 McPherson, John, Superintendent of Schools, New Sharon. 
 
 Married Nina Allen, June 12, 1901. 
 Neidy, Carrie L., Quasqueton. 
 
IOWA STATE NORMAL SCHOOL. 89 
 
 Ogden, Mina Beatrice, Grade Teacher, 1204 Marion St., 
 
 Seattle, Wash. 
 Patterson, Mary E. 
 
 Peterson, Ida, Fifth Grade Teacher, Boise, Idaho. 
 Pond, Olive B., Mrs. W. E. Silver, Gladbrook. 
 
 Married March 21, 1901. 
 Putnam, Katie J., Grammar Grade Teacher, Carson. 
 Quigley, Marjorie, High School Assistant, Detroit City, Minn. 
 
 A. B., S. U. I., '03. 
 Rail, Carolyn L., Teacher of German and Latin, High 
 
 School, Washington. 
 
 Ph. B., S. U. I., '03. 
 Randall, Mayme, Conrad. 
 Ray, W. H., M. Di., '01. 
 Reed, Leslie I., M. Di., 'oo. 
 Reed, Cora A. 
 Reimer, Ida. 
 
 Rhoades, Grace M., M. Di., '01. 
 
 Rhynsburger, Amelia H., Second Primary Teacher, Ireton. 
 Ridgley, Emma J., Mrs. Joel E. Johnson, Ireton. 
 
 Married August 14, 1902. 
 Rigby, Luella, Rangoon, India. 
 Rittgers, Elizabeth, Teacher, Des Moines. 
 Rollins, Agnes Lillie, Seventh Grade Teacher, Sioux City. 
 Rollins, Lou B., Mrs. G. A. Brink, Quimby. 
 
 Married June, 1903. 
 Salisbury, Leonard D., Superintendent of Schools, Malvern. 
 
 Married Grace Downs, August 8, 1900. 
 Savage, Alma M., Third Grade Teacher, Marshalltown. 
 Say re, Mary T., Fifth Grade Teacher, Parkersburg. 
 Schregardus, Win. F., M. Di., *oi. 
 Secor, Emma, Third Grade Teacher, Odebolt. 
 Sheehan, Katherine, Independence. 
 
 Shoudy, Emma, Teacher, 1627 Summit Ave., Seattle, Wash. 
 Shuttleworth, Ina D., M. Di., '03. 
 
90 IOWA STATE NORMAL. SCHOOL. 
 
 SI ay ton, Laura M. 
 
 Smith, Coral M., Teacher, Storm Lake. 
 
 St. Clair, Margaret M., Seventh Grade Teacher, McGregor. 
 
 Stone, Edna, Sixth Grade Teacher, 107 N. Second Ave., 
 
 Marshalltown. 
 Sudlow, Edith, Third Grade Teacher, Newton. 
 Supplee, Belle, Teacher, East Waterloo. 
 Sutter, Nelle J. 
 Swan, Bessie, Story City. 
 
 Tellier, Belle, Instructor in Music and Drawing, Lake Ge- 
 neva, Wis. 
 Thompson, C. A., High School Principal, Valley City, N. D. 
 Thompson, Margaret. 
 Tupper, Ida Nell, Mrs. B. C. Finley, Panora. 
 
 Married August 6, 1903. 
 Wadleigh, Walter H., Student Oberlin College, Oberlin, O. 
 
 Married Rowena Liming, March 25, 1902. 
 Walsh, Bridget V., ML Di., '01. 
 Watson, Emery E., M. Di., '01. 
 Weller, Beatrice S., Teacher Educational Pub. Co., New 
 
 York City. 
 West, Ida, Mrs. Frank Yarcho, Shell Rock. 
 
 Married September 10, 1903. 
 Whitney, Mabel, High School Principal, Alden. 
 Williams, Nellie V., Third Grade Teacher, Logan. 
 Wilson, J. R., Principal of Schools, Ocheyedan. 
 
 Married Nellie Alexander, August 12, 1903. 
 Wilson, Minnie L., Assistant Principal, Olin. 
 Wise, Mabel, High School Assistant, Bedford. 
 Woodford, Bell, Fourth Grade Teacher, Sergeant Bluff. 
 Woodford, Myra, Mrs. Arthur B. George, Sergeant Bluff. 
 
 Married December 10, 1901. 
 Wydell, A. O., M. Di., '02. 
 Yeager, Chas., M. Di., '01. 
 
IOWA STA f TB NORMAL, S<SHOOL. 9} 
 
 Yost, Quincy, Real Estate Dealer, Grand Rapids, Minn. 
 Married Alma H. Smith, May 6, 1903. 
 
 Class 1901. 
 
 Ablett, Susie, Private Teacher, Green Mountain. 
 
 Achenbach, E. Beth, M. DL, '02. 
 
 Alderman, A. Bucer, Principal of Schools, Walker. 
 Married Gertrude Welty, July 25, 1901. 
 
 Alexander. Edna F., Mrs, H. F. Volkmann, Teacher, White- 
 wood, S. D. 
 Married September 2, 1902. 
 
 Alexander, Mary F., Grade Teacher, Keokuk. 
 
 Anderson, Gail, Mrs. Wm. Francis Batten, Linn Grove. 
 Married January 6, 1904. 
 
 Arnold, Bessie B., Teacher, Long Beach, Gal. 
 
 Baldwin, Laura May, Mrs. Herbert Swiheart. 
 Married October 23, 1901. 
 
 Barber, Frank A., M. DL, '01. 
 
 Barr, R. D., M. Di., '02. 
 
 Barnum, Annette, High School Assistant, Forest City. 
 
 Barnum, Lynne, Third Grade Teacher, Spirit Lake. 
 
 Bauman, Amelia B., Eighth Grade Teacher, Vinton. 
 
 Beal, Lizzie B. 
 
 Bedenbender, Lena M., Assistant Principal, Dunlap. 
 
 Beebe, Florence D., Hampton. 
 
 Berger, Tillie, Primary Teacher, Hazelton. 
 
 Bird, Thos. Vincent, Principal of Schools, Hornick. 
 
 Bishop, Adelene, Marshalltown. 
 
 Black, Mable, Pligh School Assistant, Ashton. 
 
 Blanch, Lydia J., Teacher, Rural School, Coggon. 
 
 Blezek, Emma. 
 
 Blodgett, Jessie, Teacher, Langton, N. D. 
 
 Brackney, Maud, Teacher, Indian Reservation, Leech Lake, 
 Minn. 
 
92 IOWA STATE NORMAL SCHOOL. 
 
 Brinkman, Jessie F., Assistant Principal, Pocahontas. 
 
 Britton, Lola M., Primary Teacher, Mason City. 
 
 Brown, Anna C, Primary Teacher, Cambria, Wyo. 
 
 Burkholcler, Belle, Primary Teacher, Randolph. 
 
 Burton, Clifford E., Student, S. U. I., 228 N. Dubuque St., 
 
 Iowa City. 
 Burton, Elizabeth. 
 
 Butts, Fannie, High School Principal, Marathon. 
 Calderwood, Arthur J., Farmer, Traer. 
 Calonkey, Lucy E., Fourth Grade Teacher, Boone. 
 Christie, Mabel. 
 
 Christie, Ralph W., Cedar Falls. 
 Churchill, Grace, Grade Teacher, Santa Paula, Cal. 
 Cleveland, Geo. C, R. R. Agent and Operator, Central City. 
 
 Married Sadie M. Ford, March 16, 1904. 
 Clifford, Elizabeth, M. Di., '01. 
 Collins, Ida May, Mrs. J. Harry Ashenhurst, Tingley. 
 
 Married March 29, 1903. 
 Collins, Lenora, Weldon. 
 
 Cowie, Alice M., Grade Teacher, Gilmore City. 
 Crawford, S. Catherine, Grade Teacher, Cedar Falls. 
 Cunning, Jessie L., Student, I. S. N. S., Cedar Falls. 
 Dane, Chas. A., Teacher, Rural School, La Porte City. 
 Danskin, Jessie I. 
 
 Denniston, Clara B., Student I. S. N. S., Cedar Falls. 
 Dewell, Seba, Principal Ward School, 1939 Holmes St., Lin- 
 
 
 
 coin, Neb. 
 Dickey, Ed. P., Civil Engineer, Illinois Central, Cedar Falls. 
 Dickey, Fannie Ml, Instructor Vocal Music, Bedford. 
 Dougherty, Mary E. C, Teacher, Cedar Falls. 
 Dowell, Sidna J., Grade Teacher, Grant Bldg., Des Moines. 
 Dryden, Anna B., Mrs. R. M. Estes, Sidney. 
 
 Married July 30, 1902. 
 Dunham, Cliff S., High School Principal, Glidden. 
 Erickson, Ida S., Sixth Grade Teacher, Butte, Mont. 
 
IOWA STATE NORMAL SCHOOL. 93 
 
 Fields, Nellie M., Teacher, Mitchellville. 
 
 Figert, Fred H., Principal of Schools, Mlinburn. 
 
 Fischer, Edith M., Principal of High School, Logan. 
 
 Freeman, Florence E., M. Di., '02. 
 
 Gardner, Anna J., Student, Moody Institute, 23O' LaSalle Ave., 
 
 Chicago, 111. 
 Giddings, Alma E., Third Grade Teacher, Marshalltown. 
 Gilbert, C. H., M. Di., '02. 
 
 Gilmore, Mabel, Fifth Grade Teacher, Monroe, Wash. 
 Graham, Amy, Grammar Grade Teacher, 18 16 Sixth Ave., Des 
 
 Moines. 
 Grau, Emma A., Grammar Grade Teacher, 1002 Spruce St., 
 
 Boulder, Colo. 
 Gray, Velma, Grammar Grade Teacher, Hubbard. 
 Greene, Fanny L., Mrs. Ward Allen Hicks, Teacher, Rural 
 
 Schools, Onslow. 
 
 Mlarried July 3, 1903. 
 Gutches, Lela Grace, Grade Teacher, Charles City. 
 Hampton, Mary D., Mrs, Edward Y. Gamble, Mitchell, S. D. 
 
 Married December 25, 1902. 
 Harmon, Ida. 
 Harnit, Jessie L. 
 
 Harrison, Grace M., Primary Teacher, Ionia. 
 Hauger, Myrta. 
 Hauger, Nora. 
 Hawk, Margaret. . ., 
 
 Hawley, Venia, Principal of Normal Department, Central Col- 
 lege, Pella. 
 Howland, Ella, Primary Teacher, North Yokima, Wash. 
 Humbert, Bertha, Teacher, Corning. 
 Humphrey, Mildred, Teacher, Clarion. 
 Jackson, Ellen C, Grade Teacher, Glenwood. 
 Jones, Mary Louise, Assistant Principal, Shell Rock. 
 Kiesau, H. O., M 1 . Di., '02. 
 Kroesen, Chas. E., Principal of Schools, Soldier. 
 
94 IOWA STATE NORMAL SCHOOL. 
 
 Kuehne, Lucy, Mrs. Harry Scott, Fort Dodge. 
 
 Married August 26, 1903. 
 Lee, Edith, Instructor of Music, Public Schools, Eldora. 
 LeValley, Blanche, Teacher, Moulton. 
 Luse, Eva May, Room Teacher, Training School, I. S. N. S., 
 
 Cedar Falls. 
 Magee, J. Ralph, Pastor M. E. Church, 1614 Garretson Ave., 
 
 Sioux City. 
 
 Married Harriet Keeler, September 10, 1902. 
 Marshall, Estella D., First Primary Teacher, Florence, Colo. 
 
 Pd. B., '02, Colorado State Normal School. 
 Martin, G. L., M. Di., '03. 
 
 MfcCarty, Thos. E., Principal of High School, Parkersburg. 
 McDuffie, Irving J., Principal of Schools, Merrill. 
 McQuilkin, Margaret, Assistant Principal, La Porte City. 
 Meacham, Ethel, Grade Teacher, Wellman. 
 Mendenhall, C. Elsie, Primary Teacher, Marshalltown. 
 Mereness, Bessie, Principal of Schools, Meadows, Idaho. 
 Miller, Amy, Cedar Falls. 
 Minnis, Grace, Mrs. Chas. W. Lyon, Valley Junction. 
 
 Married August 14, 1901. 
 Mitchell, Walter, Principal of Schools, Kalona. 
 
 Married Eva Bettannier, August, 1902. 
 Mudge, Carrie, Teacher, Redlands, Cal. 
 Oleson, C. J., M. Di., '02. 
 
 Olmstead, Adenia B., Fifth Grade Teacher, Ackley. 
 Patten, David, MI. Di., '02. 
 Patton, Mrs. Mary, ML Di., '02. 
 
 Parmenter, Anna L-, Third Grade Teacher, Hampton. 
 Peck, Kathryn F., Mrs. Harley Wylde, New York City. 
 
 Married October 26, 1901. 
 Pemberton, Nellie L., Third Grade Teacher, Marshalltown. 
 Peterson, Hilma, Mrs. Ed Peterson, Stratford. 
 Pike, Geneva H., Seventh Grade Teacher, Monticello, Minn. 
 Porter, Emily M., Student, Tarkio College, Tarkio, Mo. 
 
IOWA STATE NORMAL. SCHOOL.. 95 
 
 Reed, Olive, Fountain, Colo. 
 
 Rhynsburger, Anna L., First Primary Teacher, Emmets- 
 burg. 
 
 Rickert, Lillian E., Principal of Grammar School, East 
 Waterloo. 
 
 Rigby, Ralph, Student Oberlin College, 112 Woodland Ave., 
 Oberlin, Ohio. 
 
 Riggs, Anna, First Grade Teacher, Washington School, As- 
 pen, Colo. 
 
 Roberts, Eck C, Principal of Schools, Marathon. 
 Married Emily Hannah Fields, July 15, 1903. 
 
 Sadler, Edith M., First Primary Teacher, Colfax. 
 
 Scallon, Margaret Mary, M. Di., '03. 
 
 Schoelerman, Rose M., High School Assistant, Doon. 
 
 Scott, Randolph E., Principal of Schools, Lester. 
 
 Sherer, Luella, Grade Teacher, Wesley. 
 
 Slacks, John R., Principal of Schools, Lake View. 
 
 Smith, Ernest C, M. Di., '02. 
 
 Strawn, Ida May, Drawing Rep. with Educational Pub. Co., 
 Montgomery, Ala. 
 
 Streeter, Bess, First Primary Teacher, 107 N. Second Ave., 
 Marshalltown. 
 
 Sweeney, Izola M., Sixth Grade Teacher, Wapello. 
 
 Templeton, Effie G., Mrs. Wm. A. Longley, Osage. 
 Married June 2^, 1903. 
 
 Tighe, Tressa G., Teacher, West Waterloo. 
 
 Toole, Katherine L., Primary Teacher, Allison. 
 
 Toye, Mabel, Grammar Grade Teacher, Northwood.' 
 
 Troth, J. Elmer, Principal of Schools, Little Rock. 
 Married Lesta David, July 2, 1902. 
 
 Vo^el, Edward W., M. Di., '02. 
 
 Volkman, H. F., Principal of Schools, Whitewood, S. D. 
 Married Edna Alexander, September 2, 1902. 
 
 Washburn, Hal B., Chief Clerk, C. & N. W. Ry., Eagle 
 Grove. 
 
96 IOWA STATE NORMAL SCHOOL. 
 
 Watson, Joyce. 
 
 Wickersham, Edythe L., Intermediate Grade Teacher, Max- 
 well. 
 Wilcox, Edwin M 1 ., Teacher, Philippine Islands. 
 Wiler, Floyd, Teacher of Instrumental Music, Cedar Falls. 
 Williams, Helen, High School Assistant, Adel. 
 Williamson, Clara, Grade Teacher, Farmersburg. 
 Willson, Lois S., Assistant Principal, Emerson. 
 Wilson, Grace, Teacher, Colfax. 
 Windolf, Edna, High School Teacher, Toledo. 
 Woodruff, James A., Principal of Schools, Bristow. 
 Wormhoudt, Ana, Second Primary Teacher, Pella. 
 Wright, Arthur H., M. Di., '03. 
 
 Wright, Chester E., Principal of Schools, New Albin. 
 Young, Nellie M. 
 
 Class 1902. 
 
 Ackerman, Emma M., Sixth Grade Teacher, Britt. 
 Adams, Joe, Traveling Salesman, New Hampton. 
 Armstrong, Alice L., Teacher, Rural School, Rorbeck. 
 Aschenbrenner, May C, Grade Teacher, Dysart. 
 Bardsley, Neil C, Reading Law, Neola. 
 Barrett, Anna, Principal of Schools, Quasqueton. 
 Bates, M'ildred O. 
 Bauman, Clara. 
 
 Bezold, Ceva B., Teacher, Rural School, Weldon. 
 Bergen, Celia, Mrs. Leon Ray Cor nick, Liver more. 
 
 Married October 21, 1903. 
 Bortell, Maude Alice, Grade Teacher, Parker School, 403 
 
 East St., Grinnell. 
 Brandt, Cora, Primary Teacher, Monona. 
 Burbank, Vesta E., Primary Teacher, Easton Place, Des 
 
 Moines. 
 Callison, Bert H., Student, I. S. N. S., Cedar Falls. 
 Campbell, Lee E., High School Assistant, Panora. 
 
IOWA STATE NORMAL SCHOOL. 97 
 
 Clinite, Stella, Fourth Grade Teacher, 1056 Twenty-sixth 
 
 St., Des Moines. 
 Cor ring-ton, C. L v , Music Teacher, Royal. 
 Craig, Lois, Teacher, East Waterloo. 
 Cresswell, Mae, High School Principal, Oelwein. 
 Cross, J. Foy, M. Di., '03. 
 Crouse, Roy M., Student of Dentistry, N. W. University 
 
 Medical School, Chicago, 111. 
 Cushman, Jeanette E,, Teacher, West Waterloo. 
 Danskin, M. G., Principal of Schools, Dike. 
 Daughton, J. P., Principal of Schools, Pierson. 
 De GrofT, Emma. 
 Dunkerton, John Mi., M. Di., '03. 
 
 Married Hattie M. Evans, December 31, 1902. 
 Earhart, Grace J., Mrs, O. V. Chaffee. 
 
 Married July 29, 1902. 
 Eighmey, Lucretia, Fourth Grade Teacher, Duluth, Minn. 
 Evans, Hattie M., Mrs, John M. Dunkerton, 1331 E. 
 
 Twelfth St., Des Moines. 
 
 Married December 31, 1902. 
 Fell, Ida M., High School Assistant, Clarence. 
 Fenton, R. A., Principal of Schools, Janesville. 
 Fissel, Geo. W., Deputy County Treasurer, Le Mars. 
 Foster, Mamie, Grade Teacher, Pomeroy. 
 French, Raymond, Principal of Schools, Tripoli. 
 Gallagher, Hannah J., Sister M. Leo, Omaha, Neb. 
 Gilbride, Agnes V., Grade Teacher, Algona. 
 Gittins, Maggie, Seventh Grade Teacher, Atlantic. 
 Glenny, Geo. A., Principal of High School, Emmetsburg. 
 Graham, Albert, Principal of Schools, •Crawfordsville. 
 
 Married Minnie B. Pratt, December 24, 1903. 
 Green, Alta Kathryn, Fifth Grade Teacher, Webster City. 
 Green, Lottie Wade, Mrs. Henry Ullenhope, Kesley. 
 
 Married September 15, 1903. 
 Haley, Mabelle, Second Primary Teacher, Dunlap. 
 
98 IOWA STATE NORMAL SCHOOL. 
 
 Harris, Alma E., Intermediate Grade Teacher, Peterson. 
 
 Harris, Catherine M!., Fifth Grade Teacher, Florence, Colo. 
 
 Hartshorn, Mrs. Ella C, Grammar Grade Teacher, Mis- 
 souri Valley. 
 
 Heinrich, Mae, Primary Teacher, Eagle Grove. 
 
 Hetzler, Henry, M. Di., '03. 
 
 Hoats, Roy, M. Di., '03. 
 
 Hochstetler, Eva A., Seventh Grade Teacher, Boone. 
 
 Hoebel, Emma, Teacher of English and German, Eagle 
 Grove. 
 
 Hopkinson, Laura, Mrs. Jay J. Jones, Parkersburg. 
 Married August 6, 1903. 
 
 Hunter, Lottie A., Assistant Principal, Lost Nation. 
 
 Huston, Margaret, First Grade Teacher, Decorah. 
 
 Jensen, Mary L., ML Di., '03. 
 
 Kaye, Sara Elizabeth, Secretary Y. W. C. A., I. S. N. S., 
 Cedar Falls. 
 
 Kemp, Elda, Teaching and Homesteading, Bottineau, N. D 
 
 Kent x Harry Homer, Principal of Schools, Mazeppa, Minn. 
 Married Ada B. Sullivan, June 11, 1902. 
 
 Kilpatrick, Sue, Grammar Grade Teacher, State Center. 
 
 King, Carrie, Second Primary Teacher, Charles City. 
 
 King, Mary, First Primary Teacher, Charles City. 
 
 Kizer, Mattie, Sixth. Grade Teacher, Logan. 
 
 Lamb, Iva, Teacher, Grundy Center. 
 
 Laughlin, Abbie, High School Assistant, Coon Rapids. 
 
 Leonard, Jennie J., Grammar Grade Teacher, Walnut. 
 
 Lighthall, Lora, Eighth Grade Teacher, Clarion. 
 
 Lighthall, Vera, Principal of Ward School, Hampton. 
 
 Longley, W. A., Teacher of History and Music, Cedar Val- 
 ley Seminary, Osage. 
 Married Effie G, Templeton, June 23, 1903. 
 
 Marr, Ella Phinney, Teacher, Humboldt. 
 
 Martin, Nellie M., Second Grade Teacher, Coon Rapids. 
 
 Mathews, Alta, Grade Teacher, Algona. 
 
IOWA STATE NORMAL SCHOOL. 99 
 
 McLennan, Nellie, Grade Teacher, Phimghar. 
 
 Miller, Lucy Hayes, Elocution Teacher, High School, 305 
 Wellington St., West Waterloo. 
 
 Moss, Walter E., Principal of Schools, Conway. 
 
 Moule, Anna, Grammar Grade Teacher, Doom 
 
 Mueller, Oscar O., ML Di., '03. 
 
 Murphy, Kittie A., Grade Teacher, Pomeroy. 
 
 Notton, Mary, First Primary Teacher, Parkersburg. 
 
 Peterson, Marie J., Third Grade Teacher, 618 Eighth Ave., 
 Council Bluffs. 
 
 Quire, Mabel F,, Student of Music * and Kindergarten, 
 Chicago. 
 
 Reed, Effa, Teacher, Buttes, Colo. 
 
 Richardson, Jenny, Teacher, Duluth, Minn. 
 
 Rieke, Ida Lydia, Selby, S. D. 
 
 Rigby, Florence O., Mrs. W. S. Austin, Dumont. 
 Married March 22, 1904. 
 
 Robinson, Leigh, Student, I. S. N. S., Cedar Falls. 
 
 Rorabaugh, Walter E., Principal of Schools, Baxter. 
 
 Runyon, Nelle, Principal Eighth and Ninth Grades, East 
 Waterloo. 
 
 Schoelerman, Emma C, High School Assistant, Oelwein. 
 
 Selser, Winifred, Eighth Grade Teacher, Red Oak. 
 
 Simpson, Grace J., Whittemore. 
 
 Smith, Mabel C, Grammar Grade Teacher, Glidden. 
 
 Smith, F. O., M. Di., '03. 
 
 Stilson, Martha, Second Grade Teacher, Waterloo. 
 
 Thoene, Christine, Grade Teacher, 125 Angella St., Dubuque. 
 
 Thurber, Abbie, 'First Primary Teacher, Swea City. 
 
 Tice, Nellie E., Intermediate Grade Teacher, Early. 
 
 Vaala, Ingebord Marie, Intermediate Grade Teacher, Liver- 
 more. 
 
 Vinall, Belle, Primary Teacher, Larchwood. 
 
 Vincent, Arthur L., Principal of Township School, Moon- 
 head. 
 
100 IOWA STATE NORMAL SCHOOL. 
 
 Wallace, Marjorie, De Witt. 
 Waters, E. E., Principal of Schools, Allison. 
 Married Edyth Zeran, August 19, 1903. 
 WTiitfield, Sara M., Eighth Grade Teacher, Sanborn. 
 Williams, Winifred, Mrs. Warren Morose, Estherville. 
 Wilson, Bertha, Assistant Principal, Panora. 
 Wolfe, W. T., Principal of Schools, Kenwood Park. 
 Wolzmuth, Esther L-, Third Primary Teacher, Traer. 
 
 Class 1903. 
 
 Allen, Bessie Mjay, Castalia. 
 
 Bailey, Edith J., High School Assistant, Mason City. 
 
 Barnett, R. L., Medical Student, S. U. I., Iowa City. 
 
 Bennett, Floy M., High School Teacher, East Waterloo. 
 
 Berg, Jennie I., Fourth Grade Teacher, Atlantic. 
 
 Brimhall, Lucile, Sixth Grade Teacher, Lake. Mills. 
 
 Brown, Eva C, Grade Teacher, Elwood. 
 
 Bruce, Mary E., Third Primary Teacher, Tama. 
 
 Burgess, L. M., Principal of Schools, Diagonal. 
 
 Cady, Florence, Teacher, Walnut. . 
 
 Cahow, Elmer, Teacher, Greenfield. 
 
 Cave, Wilma, Student in Business College, Chicago, 111. 
 
 Christian, Mabel A., Room Teacher, I. S. N. S., Training 
 School, Cedar Falls. 
 
 Clay, Joseph B., Manager Iowa Gate Co., Cedar Falls. 
 
 Cole, Eva L., Second Assistant Principal, Dows. 
 
 Conover, Lou Etta, Grammar Grade Teacher, Lynnville. 
 
 Cook, Emma L., Assistant Principal, M'inden. 
 
 Cornell, Fanny, Teacher, Freeport. 
 
 Corrigan, Nell, Sixth Grade Teacher, Nashua. 
 
 Crane, Gertrude M., Assistant Principal, Milo. 
 
 Crawford, W. W., Principal of Schools, Center Junction. 
 
 Dai ley, A vice Evelene, Fourth Grade Teacher, East Water- 
 loo. 
 
IOWA STATE NORMAL SCHOOL. 101 
 
 De Noon, Rebecca Grace, Eighth Grade Teacher, Center ville. 
 Dunleavy, Fannie, Seventh and Eighth Grade Teacher, 
 
 Manilla. 
 Eells, Harry Leroy, Principal of Schools, New Hartford. 
 Ensign, Orpha M., Second Grade Teacher, Boone. 
 Farr, Lottie B., Assistant Principal, Anrelia. 
 Feuling, Eugene J., Student, I. S. N. S., Cedar Falls. 
 Finch, Mae G., Teacher, Belmond. 
 Forrester, Bessie A., High School Assistant, Lohr ville. 
 Fouts, Mabel M., Assistant Principal, Whiting. 
 Fox, Errett M., Principal of Schools, Mclntire. 
 Francy, Lilyan ML, Assistant Principal, Lorimor. 
 Gardner, Cora Etta, First Primary Teacher, Sanborn. 
 Gardner, Emily M., Room Teacher, I. S. N. S. Training 
 
 School, Cedar Falls. 
 Golly, C. Ray, Principal of Schools, Fredericksburg. 
 Grimes, G. Melville, High School Principal, New Sharon. 
 
 Married Blanche Adams, February 22, 1904. 
 Hagerty, Elizabeth, Grammar Grade, Washta. 
 Hall, Jennie F., Primary Teacher, Princeton. 
 Hays, Carrie, Primary Teacher, Lohrville. 
 Henninger, Charlotte. 
 
 Henry, Clara M., Primary Teacher, Panora. 
 Hoffman, Ella, High School Assistant, Tripoli. 
 Hosmer, Annie L., Grade Teacher, Jesup. 
 Howarth, Emma J., Grade Teacher, Ha warden. 
 Howland, Emma, Primary Teacher, Aberdeen, S. D. 
 Incze, Celestine, Grammar Grade Teacher, New Hartford. 
 Israel, Grace, Cedar Falls. 
 Jacobson, Nora, Grade Teacher, Sioux Center. 
 Jeffers, Grace A., Grade Teacher, Tipton. 
 Jensen, Walter Peter, Student, I. S. N. S., Cedar Falls. 
 Johnson, Lora L. 
 
 Jones, John Charles, Student, I. S. N. S., Cedar Falls. 
 Kelly, Etta M., First Primary Teacher, Lake City. 
 
102 IOWA STATE NORMAL SCHOOL. 
 
 Knoepfler, Kathryn, High School Assistant, Geclar Falls. 
 
 Krout, Erma, Grade Teacher, Fremont. 
 
 Kuhns, Mary Louise, Grade Teacher, Waterloo. 
 
 Larson, Minnie Cornelia, Teacher, Jasper, Minn. 
 
 Latta, J. L., Principal of Schools, Sioux Center. 
 
 Laughead, Ethel, Washington. 
 
 Leighton, Ida M., First Intermediate Grade Teacher, Sioux 
 
 Rapids. 
 Logan, Oia, High School Teacher, Hampton. 
 Long, P. A., Principal of Schools, Curlew. 
 Loonan, H. G., Lumber Dealer, Sioux Falls, S. D. 
 Loonan, Nellie, Hudson. 
 Lowman, Guy S., Student Y. W. C. A. Training School, 
 
 Springfield, Mass. 
 Marsh, Annie, Supervisor of Music, Fairfield. 
 Martin, Carrie E., Principal of Schools, Frontier, Wyo. 
 McClintock, F. M., Principal of Schools, Plymouth. 
 Mcintosh, C. Blanche, High School Principal, Britt. 
 McLeod, Blanche, First Primary Teacher, Ames. 
 Mead, Victorine, Teacher, Rural School, Ashton. 
 Merriam, Minna Myrtle, High School Assistant, Marcus. 
 Minnich, Maud, Eighth Grade Teacher, Ireton. 
 Montgomery, Ada Belle, Grade Teacher, Primghar. 
 Moore, Clarence, Principal cf Schools, Nassau. 
 Paulger, Ella, Intermediate Grade Teacher, Renwick. 
 Peterson, Allan, Principal of Schools, Randolph. 
 Pigott, Lucy, Grammar Grade Teacher, Van Home. 
 Porter, Clara Lenore, First Primary Teacher, Pomeroy. 
 Price, Cora Belle, Fifth Grade Teacher, Hampton. 
 Raymond, Effie M., Fourth Grade Teacher, Sanborn. 
 Reed, W. O., Principal of Schools, Hubbard. 
 Rice, Francelia Adella, Eighth Grade Teacher, Bellevue. 
 Riggs, Gertrude, Primary Teacher, Calumet, Mich. 
 Roberts, Mrs. Hattie McCall, Grade Teacher, Zearing. 
 Rummel, D. H., Principal of Schools, Blairsburg. 
 
IOWA STATE NORMAL. SCHOOL. 103 
 
 Schloeman, Lvinnie E., Assistant Principal, Norway. 
 
 Schoch, Caroline Pauline, Assistant Principal, Charter Oak. 
 
 Scofield, Susan E., Assistant Principal, Miazeppa, Minn. 
 
 Sewell, Rae, Studying Piano, Chicago, 111. 
 
 Shearer, John L., Principal of Schools, Larrabee. 
 
 Shilliam, Isabel, Grade Teacher, Fairbank. 
 
 Shirk, Sara Louise, Second Primary Teacher, Armstrong. 
 
 Simpson, Grace C, High School Assistant, Peterson. 
 
 Smith, E. S., Principal of Schools, Geneva. 
 
 Stimson, Margaret M., Grammar Grade Teacher, Conway. 
 
 Trumbo, Harry P., Principal of Schools, Kinross. 
 
 Umbaugh, C. G. 
 
 Weatherwax, Maud C, Supply Teacher, East Waterloo. 
 
 Wendstrand, Anna, Teacher, Red Oak. 
 
 Whitmell, Marie, Third Grade Teacher, Decorah. 
 
 Williams, Edna Frances, Second Primary Teacher, Algona. 
 
 Williams, Ella, Primary Teacher, Neola. 
 
 Wood, Harriet. 
 
 Woodard, Estella Ida, Fourth Grade Teacher, Charles City. 
 
104 IOWA STATE NORMAL SCHOOL. 
 
 GRADUATES OF THE ELEMENTARY COURSE. 
 
 From 1876 to 1882 the Normal School maintained a 
 two-year course of study called "The Elementary Course.''* 
 Diplomas called certificates were conferred at commence- 
 ment. This plan was abolished in 1882. Where degrees are 
 attached to names see proper place in this Register for the 
 statement. 
 
 1877. 
 
 Bond, David K., B. S., '81. 
 
 Coates, Ada, B. Di., '99. 
 
 Donahue, Eva, Mrs. Lud G. Hollister, Clear Lake. 
 
 Married November 2, 1881. 
 Flagler, Mary, Mrs. O. C. Scott/ Berwyn (Chicago), 111. 
 
 Married June 26, 1879. 
 
 1878. 
 
 Benham, William I., B. S., '81. 
 
 Cascaden, Mary H. 
 
 Chapman, Mary L., Mrs, A. C. Page, Cedar Falls. 
 
 Married November 24, 1886. 
 De Groff, Emma C, B. Di., '02. 
 Fitch, Annie E., B. Di., '79. 
 Jaquith, Emma. 
 Jaquith, Laura. 
 Lichty, M. P. 
 Mover, E. T., B. S., '81. 
 Mullarkey, Kate E., B. Di., '79. 
 Palmer, Matilda, Mrs. C. J. Sheeler, Marshalltown. 
 
 Married December 27, 1882. 
 
IOWA STATE NORMAL. SCHOOL. 105 
 
 Phelps, G. B., B. Di, '87. 
 
 Pierce, Sarah. 
 
 Reuillard, Estella, Mrs. Youell, Cedar Falls. 
 
 1879. 
 Anderson, Edgar. , 
 
 Barrett, Lou P., B. Di., '81. 
 
 Chandler, Geo., B. Di., '8y. 
 
 Davis, May, Mrs. David K. Bond, 218 West 11 6th St., New 
 
 York City. 
 Eiler, Daniel, Lawyer, Ackley. 
 
 Married Myrta M. Pattee, March 3, 1895. 
 Gilchrist, Clelland. 
 Grundy, Alfred, B. Di., '88. 
 Harwood, W. H., Secretary Interstate Trust Co., Des 
 
 Moines. 
 
 Married Jennie Macy. 
 Johnston, Chas. W., Lawyer, 294 Good Block, Des Moines. 
 
 Married Martha V. Burton, May 18, 1885. 
 Jennings, Louisa, B. Di., '88. 
 Macy, Jennie, Mrs. W. H. Harwood, Des Moines. 
 McClelland, Ada. 
 McManus, Alice, Mrs. S, P. Hicks, Tracy, Minn. 
 
 Married February 7, 1883. 
 Rawstern, Eliza, B. Di., '80. 
 Reed, Samuel B., Lawyer, Waterloo. 
 
 Married Belle Coughtry, December 30, 1891. 
 Southard, Rose E., B. Di., '87. 
 Willis, Frank R., Attorney at Law, Los Angejies, Cal. 
 
 LL.B., S. U. I., '81. 
 
 Married Letitia G. Allen, March 7, 1882. 
 
 1880. ' 
 Buchanan, Jennie Mary. 
 
 Buchanan, Jennie Love. 
 
 Ballantyne, Mary Douglass, B. Di., '88. 
 
106 IOWA STATE NORMAL, SCHOOL. 
 
 Chapman, Idella E„ B. Di., '86. 
 
 Cox, Carrie, Mrs. David Goodale, Marlboro, Mass. 
 
 Married January 24, 1893. 
 Dietz, Martin Myers, Hardware Merchant, 321 N. Ave. 66, 
 
 Los Angeles, Cal. 
 
 Married Ella M. SharTner, September 8, 1886. 
 Felmley, Alice, B. Di., '85. 
 Gallagher, Hannah Jane, B. Di., '02. 
 Gardner, Frank R., Merchant, Ree Heights, S. D. 
 
 Married Kate M. Wetherell, 1886. 
 Gillespie, Addie V. 
 Jones, Katherine, B. Di., '94. 
 Lang, Carrie J., B. Di., '99. 
 McCarty, Joel Edward, Architect, Columbus, Ohio. 
 
 Married Ella M. Richardson, November, 1887. 
 Moore, Chas. E., B. Di., '88. 
 Nevile, Kate Elizabeth, B. Di., '83. 
 Olbrich, Louise, Mrs. Joseph Gorilla. 
 
 Married June 13, 1885. 
 Overman, Jessie, B. Di., '81. 
 Perkins, Elizabeth Ambler. 
 Pierce, Cora Emogene, Mrs. W. L. Langstaff, Charles City. 
 
 Married in 1881. 
 Sawyer, Sue Maurice. 
 SharTner, Ella May, Mrs. Martin M. Dietz, ,-x N. Ave. 66, 
 
 Los Angeles, Cal. 
 
 Married September 8, 1886. 
 Sutton, Emma C. E., B. Di., '89. 
 Williams, Carrie May, B. Di., '82. 
 Williams Ella D, B. Di., '82. 
 
 1881. 
 
 Alden, Ella M., Mrs. Chas. Furry, Alden. 
 
 Married in 1883. 
 Bingham, Frank C. 
 
IOWA STATE NORMAL SCHOOL. 107 
 
 Bixby, Grace, Mrs. A. E. Clark, 417 Belmont Ave., Los An- 
 geles, Cal. 
 
 Buchanan, Hannah, Mrs. James F. Wormer, Center Point. 
 Married June 21, 1883. 
 
 Cunningham, Kate, B. Di., '93. 
 
 Davis, Wilbur, B. Di., '85. 
 
 Dean, Warren J., B. Di., '87. 
 
 Gosden, Emily, Mrs. Chas. A. Kessinger, Ormond, Neb. 
 Married April 2, 1885. 
 
 Greigg, David B. 
 
 Higby, Seward, Attorney at Law, Cedar Falls, 
 
 Houston, Warren. 
 
 Jennings, Daniel, Orange Grower, 61 E. Cypress Ave., Red- 
 lands Cal. 
 Married Mary D. Hodgson, January 15, 1892. 
 
 Johnson, Chas. Lincoln. 
 
 Married May Dexter in 1888. 
 
 Kraiger, Eleanor F., B. S., '&6. 
 
 ^.ong, Florence. 
 
 Newton, Geo. W., B. Di., '82. 
 
 Pierce, Elon Albert, Editor Belmond Herald, Belmond. 
 Married Emma Prowse in 1891. 
 
 Rourke, Mary, B. Di., '99. 
 
 Rowen, Lucy J., Cedar Falls. 
 
 Stanton, Lemuel J., Pension Office Clerk, Washington, D. C. 
 LL.B., S. U. I. 
 Married Mary Cavery in 1888. 
 
 Stewart, Malcolm. 
 
 Wetherell, Kate M., Mrs. Frank Gardner, Ree Heights, S. D. 
 Married in 1886. 
 
 White, Clara Emerett, Mrs. Hillhouse, Iowa Falls. 
 
 White, Emma F., Mrs. Geo. Shellenberger, 2205 Scudder 
 Ave., St. Paul, Minn. 
 Married November 12, 1885. 
 
 Wiley, Clara. 
 
108 IOWA STATE NORMAL SCHOOL. 
 
 1882. 
 
 Alcock, Jerome R. 
 
 Armstrong - , Ada. 
 
 Barnes, Carrie A., B. Di., '89. 
 
 Bartlett, Elmer Ellsworth, B. Di., '83. 
 
 Bartlett, Will Abbott, B. Di., '83. 
 
 Bedell, Edgar T., Attorney, Le Mars. 
 
 Chassell, Edward D., B. Di., '88. 
 
 Davis, Ella. 
 
 Davis, Nettie M., B. Di., '83. 
 
 Dewell, Seba, B. Di., '01. 
 
 Dixon, John Galen. 
 
 Goodspeed, Edith M. 
 
 Griffin, Edward H, B. Di., '83. 
 
 Grundy, John G., B. Di., '89. 
 
 Hull, Herbert R., Cashier of Kir win State Bank, Kirwin, 
 
 Kansas. 
 
 Married Bertha Moorehouse, June 15, 1887. 
 Hyde, Ella Lane, Mrs. Geo. E. Winter, Mason City. 
 
 Married June 26, 1884. 
 Kenefick, Michael J., Physician, Algona. 
 Mullarkey, Eliza, Mrs. John A. Story, Omaha, Neb. 
 Nichols, Ernest R., B. Di., '87. 
 Packard, Elsie Cornelia, Mrs. J. W. Bullis, Iowa Ealls. 
 
 Married August 15, 1899. 
 Pierce, Lizzie. 
 
 Prescott, Nellie O., Teacher, Parral, Mexico. 
 Rich, Ella, Mrs. J. E. Rundles, Janesville. 
 
 Married March 21, 1889. 
 Riggs, Sara May, B. Di., '85. 
 Robinson, Eliza. 
 Shaffner, Emma, Mrs. Geo. Gillespie, Anoka, Minn. 
 
 Married September, 1887. 
 
IOWA STATE NORMAL, SCHOOL. 109 
 
 Sibley, Evangeline C, Mrs. James N. Powers. 
 
 Married in 1890. 
 Swearingen, Myrtis I., Conrad. 
 Winter, Geo. E., Cashier Commercial Savings Bank, Mason 
 
 City. 
 
 Married Ella Hyde, June 26, 1884. 
 Williams, Jessie, Mrs. Geo. B. Rowell, Waterloo. 
 
 Married January 18, 1883. 
 
HO IOWA STATE NORMAL SCHOOL. 
 
 SPECIAL PRIMIARY COURSES. 
 
 v 
 In 1894 the trustees established a course of study for 
 
 specially training primary teachers. Certificates were given 
 for successful completion of the prescribed course. From 
 1894 to 1898 one year was required, but in 1898 two years 
 were prescribed. 
 
 1895. 
 
 Bridgeford, Lillie, First Primary Teacher, Des Moines. 
 
 Brown, Clara. 
 
 Bryant, Cora A., Mrs. Albert Hilleman. 
 
 Married in August, 1899. 
 Carter, Florence M.. Mrs. H. T. Richmond. 
 
 Married April 30, 1900. 
 Choate, Charlotte, Primary Teacher, East Waterloo. 
 Colt, Ruth L,., Primary Teacher, Parkersburg. 
 Crew, Ethel, Mrs. John J. Booth, Marion. 
 
 Married June 14, 1900. 
 Davis, Ida A., First Primary Teacher, Esther ville. 
 Davis, Ida. 
 Dennis, Lina C, Sioux City. 
 
 Married. 
 Farrow, Addie, Mrs. James H. Reese. 
 
 Married June 18, 1896. 
 Riley, Mary, Primary Teacher, Spencer. 
 Shaffer, Sadie, Primary Teacher, Kalispell, Mont. 
 St. John, Amy, Mrs. Chas. A. Barnes. 
 
 Married December 30, 1896. 
 Waldo, Tressie, B. Di., '99. 
 Young, Mary, Primary Teacher, Tipton. 
 Younkin, Hattie. 
 
IOWA STATE NORMAL SCHOOL. Ill 
 
 1896. 
 
 Abraham, Kate, Mrs. M. E. Bourne. 
 
 Married June 22, 1899. 
 Allen, Cora E., Mrs. O. K. Mauck. 
 
 Married November 21, 1900. 
 Arey, Amy, M. Di., '96. 
 Armstrong, Grace, Mrs. Charles J. Wright, Mclntire. 
 
 Married August 4, 1897. 
 Burns, Frances Arnold. 
 Clayton, Ora Emma. 
 Dahlin, Clara Augusta, Mrs. B. M. Lewis. 
 
 Married November 17, 1900. 
 Ferris, Mlay E., First Primary Teacher, 30 Ellis St., Du- 
 buque. 
 Gillasnie, Lillian, Mrs. John L. Reddish, Albia. 
 
 Married August 31, 1901. 
 Gruver, Olive. 
 Hammans, Clara, Mrs. J. E. Kester. 
 
 Married October 4, 1900. 
 Hansen, Anna C. D., First Primary Teacher, Estherville. 
 Hawk, Alice B., Primary Teacher, Snohomish, Wash. 
 Hayes, Adah M., Mb. Smith, Cedar Rapids. 
 Jenney, Emma R., Des Moines. 
 
 Married. 
 Light, Anna Belle. 
 Long, J. Mabel, Mrs. F. M. Allen, Sioux City. 
 
 Married December 31, 1897. 
 Luke, Hattie A., Hampton. 
 
 Married. 
 Lynch, Mary. 
 McCartney, Minerva J. 
 Millet, Mary F. 
 Otis, Lucy. 
 Pattee, Bessie, Primary Teacher, 510 Sixth Ave., Cedar 
 
 Rapids. 
 
112 IOWA STATE NORMAL SCHOOL. 
 
 Peterson, Stella, Primary Teacher, Stanton. 
 
 Quint, Ora M. 
 
 Riley, Susie M. 
 
 Sawyer, Cora D., Second Grade Teacher, Sioux Falls, S. D. 
 
 Schofield, Allie. 
 
 Schuff, Ellen, B. DL, '96. 
 
 Sigworth, Gladys L., Primary Teacher, Cedar Rapids. 
 
 Smith, Lillian M., First Primary Teacher, 1606 First Ave. 
 
 S., Fort Dodge. 
 Smuck, Jennie. 
 Talcott, Minnie, Mrs. Walter J. Scott, Sac City. 
 
 Married January 5, 1897. 
 Vance, Blanche, Primary Teacher, Sioux Rapids. 
 Van Dike, Grace. 
 West, Edith, Mrs. David E. Maxwell. 
 
 Married March 28, 1900. 
 
 1897. 
 Achenbach, Naomi, M. DL, '00. 
 
 Anderson, Florence. 
 
 Baird, Myrtle Jean. 
 
 Baker, Grace, Second Primary Teacher, Marshalltown. 
 
 Barber, Lillian L., Primary Teacher, Inlependence. 
 
 Barrows, Mae, Mrs. C. S. Beall, Lakefield, Minn. 
 
 Married August 31, 1898. 
 Bateman, Nerva. 
 Bell, Daisy. 
 
 Bennett, Bertha E., Primary Teacher, Alden. 
 Boyd, Cora Frances. 
 Boyington, Mrs. Lillian E.. Fonda. 
 Castle, Katharine P. 
 
 Married. 
 Clapsattle, Edna B. 
 Cotton, Mae. 
 Creelman, Josephine L., Primary Teacher, Marshalltown. 
 
IOWA STATE NORMAL SCHOOL. 113 
 
 Patton, L. Belle. 
 
 Early, Maude O., Mrs. M. C. Nix. 
 
 Married July 14, 1897. 
 Golden, Nancy, Mrs. M. L. Fuller, Springfield, 111. 
 
 Married August 2, 1901. 
 Griffith, Florence, Mrs. G. W. Walters, Cedar Falls. 
 
 Married August 16, 1899. 
 Hoagland, Mame, B. Di., '97. 
 Howard, Alice C, B. Di., '97. 
 Howard, Hattie Ruth, B. Di., '97. 
 Hubbard, Ethel U, Mrs. M. L. Wright. 
 
 Married June 20, 1900. 
 Ingalls, Clara C, Mrs. Chas. M. Jackson, Langdon. 
 
 Married June 16, 1903. 
 Johnson, Carrie E., B. Di., '97. 
 Toyce, Jennie. 
 Kephart, Eva Jane. 
 Lock wood, Kittie. 
 Lundien, A. Marie. 
 
 Luther, Margaret E., Primary Teacher, Independence. 
 Macy, Eva L. 
 
 McCulloch, Lillian, Mrs. Geo. W. Lane. 
 Meacham, Lucy, Primary Teacher, Washington. 
 Mercer, Jennie I. 
 Nettle, Clara, B. Di., '92. 
 Newell, Nellie Ruth. 
 Packer, Georgia E., B. Di., '99. 
 Palmer, Nellie F., Mrs. E. B. Pritchard. 
 
 Married April 6, 1898. 
 Peet, S. Louise, Second Primary Teacher, Radcliffe. 
 Pike, Bertha, Primary Teacher, Boone. 
 Reeve, Olive Grace, Teacher, Hampton. 
 Schulz, Lydia Agnes. 
 Speake, Weltha. 
 Sullivan, Anna E., First Grade Teacher, Waverly. 
 
114 IOWA STATE NORMAL SCHOOL. 
 
 Townsend, Mintie, Mrs. H. A. Ingham. 
 
 Married December 12, 1900. 
 White, Matie. 
 Winter, Marena F., Mrs. Chas. R. Lewis. 
 
 Married December 5, 1900. 
 
 1898. 
 ONE-YEAR COURSE. 
 
 Adolphson, Emma C. 
 
 Ash, Marie, Mrs. Robert Lone. 
 
 Barger, Maud L. Completed two-years' course in 1900. 
 
 Beebe, Alice Claire, Mrs. Harry Johnson, Cedar Falls. 
 
 Married October 25, 1899. 
 Bigelow, Mabel. 
 
 Britten, Lillie M., First Grade Teacher / Indianola. 
 Brown, Elizabeth T. 
 
 Campbell, Margaret Marian, Primary Teacher, Clear Lake. 
 Canfield, Edna E., First Primary Teacher, Clear Lake. 
 Corbin, Grace M. 
 
 Davis, Kate A. Completed two-years' course in 1899. 
 Dill, Cora L. 
 Dimmit, Clydena. 
 Ewing, Kathryne A. 
 Fluckey, Abbie, Mrs. A. J. Kuhn, Le Mars. 
 
 Married August 21, 1902. 
 Garland, Edith L., B. Di., '98. 
 Gohagan, Flora M. 
 Gordon, Ida Belle, B. Di., '97. 
 Greenside, May, 
 Gregg, Florence. 
 Hatch, Mabel Lenore. 
 Hemingway, Irmagard, Hampton. 
 
 Married. 
 Hoyt, Grace L., Teacher, Cedar Rapids. 
 Kilburn, Winifred. 
 
IOWA STATE NORMAL SCHOOL. U5 
 
 King, Margaret C. 
 
 Knox, Florence. Completed two-years' course in 1902. 
 
 Knox, Josie, Teacher, 1204 Capitol Ave., Des Moines. 
 
 Lewis, Lucy G., B. Di., '98. 
 
 Lias, Mabel. C. 
 
 Loudon, Leila. 
 
 Loveland, Mary h., Teacher, West Waterloo. 
 
 Marshall, Gertrude E., First Primary Teacher, Cresco. 
 
 Mlc Alpine, Edyth A., Mrs. J. F. Overmyer, Algona. 
 Married December 28, 1901. 
 
 McCleary, Ella. 
 
 Newcom, Nelly B-. 
 
 Newell, Edith. De Etta, Mrs. Edward Van Sittert. 
 
 Owen, Ursula H., First Primary Teacher, Watertown, S. D. 
 
 Patrick, Mabel A. 
 
 Patterson, Pearl Louise, Primary Teacher, Ames. 
 
 Phelps, Lela, Mrs. W. T. Evans, Parkersburg. 
 Married June 25, 1902. 
 
 Putnam, Delilah. Completed two-years' course in 1900. 
 
 RafTety, Watha, Mrs. W. S. Kearney. 
 Married June 1, 1899. 
 
 Ritchey, Jeannette. 
 
 Ryan, Mary, B. Di., '98. 
 
 Schuff, Pauline. 
 
 Smith, Minetta. 
 
 Steiner, Julia, Mrs. W. R. Dickson, Clerk Cedar Falls Na- 
 tional Bank, Cedar Falls. 
 Married October 4, 1899. 
 
 Townsend, Kittie I. Completed two-years' course in 1899. 
 
 Van Dyke, Flora E. 
 
 Von Stein, Cora. 
 
 Wallingford, Clara. 
 
 Williams, Avis, Akron. 
 
116 IOWA STATE NORMAL SCHOOL. 
 
 TWO YEARS COURSE. 
 
 Bell, Chessie, Mrs. Chas. F. Mast. 
 
 Married August 22, 1901. 
 Eighmey, Ada, B. Di., '98. 
 
 Gilmore, R. Ellen, Primary Teacher, Durango, Colo. 
 Grettenberg, Una M., Primary Teacher, 620 First Ave. E., 
 
 Cedar Rapids. 
 Kellogg, Ella V., Teacher, Rural School, Strawberry Point. 
 Kyler, Clara, Mrs. Alfred F. Bellman, Snohomish, Wash. 
 
 Married August 8, 1900. 
 Smith, Stella E., R. F. D. No. 3, South Des Moines. 
 Williams, Mae, First Primary Teacher, Cherokee. 
 
 1899. 
 
 ONE YEAR COURSE. 
 
 Algyer, Helen. 
 
 Colby, N. May. 
 
 Courtnage, Bertha E. 
 
 Fothergill, Martha A., Teacher, Rural School, Colton, Cal. 
 
 Healy, Kathleen F. 
 
 Mankey, Nellie, Newell. 
 
 McConnell, Minnie B., Mrs. Frank L. Broadgate, Spencer. 
 
 Married August 26, 1903. 
 Shearer, Marion C, Mrs. J. E. Wareing, Chapelle, S. D. 
 
 Married April 30, 1902. 
 Wing, Hattie L. 
 
 TWO YEARS COURSE. 
 
 AdssH, Ruth, Student Teachers' College, Columbia University/ 
 
 i\ T ew York City. 
 Bagley, Mrs. Mattie K. 
 Coffman, Gertrude. 
 
IOWA STATE NORMAL SCHOOL. 117 
 
 Davis, Kate A. 
 
 Ellenwood, Amy E. 
 
 Kneen, E. Ida., Mrs. U. M. Bratton. 
 
 Married December 18, 1901. 
 Le Fever, Allie B., Primary Teacher, Boone. 
 Mack, Lottie A., Cedar Falls. 
 Savage, Stella, Primary Teacher, Washington. 
 Schneider, Anna B. 
 
 Stickney, Bessie A., First Primary Teacher, Fonda. 
 Sweney, Charlotte E., Principal of Third Ward School. 
 
 Algona. 
 Townsend, Kittie. 
 Walker, Olive B., Mrs. E. S. Wark, 620 Thirty-fourth St., 
 
 Minneapolis, Minn. 
 Wilcox, Frankie E., B. Di., '96. 
 Wilson, Sara M. 
 
 1900. 
 
 Apple, Gertrude. 
 
 Arlen, Edith, Primary Teacher, Clinton. 
 
 Barr, Elizabeth. 
 
 Barr, Vae. 
 
 Barker, Edith, First Primary Teacher, Tipton. 
 
 Barger, Maude L., Second Primary Teacher, Tipton. 
 
 Both, Adelene. 
 
 Bowers, Lillian E. 
 
 Bryte, Maude. 
 
 Childs, Edith. 
 
 De Witt, Grace B. 
 
 Feeny, Helena. 
 
 Gilchrist, Jennie, Mrs. W. C. Jarnagin, Cedar Falls. 
 
 Hoag, Alice, Primary Teacher, De Soto. 
 
 Maynard, May L., First Primary Teacher, Manning. 
 
 Putnam, Delilah. 
 
118 IOWA STATE NORMAL SCHOOL. 
 
 Rollinson, J. Rebecca, Mrs. Orson Darnell, Des Moines. 
 
 Married September 23, 1903. 
 Severin, Anna, Cedar Falls. 
 Shellabarger, Etta. 
 
 Married. 
 Stanley, Jessie L. 
 Wilson, Pearle, Primary Teacher, Atlantic. 
 
 1 901. 
 
 Allen, Bertha G. 
 
 Barker, Dora. 
 
 Bettanier, Eva B., Mrs. Walter Mitchell, Kalona. 
 
 Married August, 1902. 
 Casey, Marguerite L. 
 
 Gower, Ida Ml, Primary Teacher, Rhodes. 
 Griffiths, Belle Katherine, Mrs. Harry Philpot, Cedar Falls. 
 
 Married November 12, 1902. 
 Joy, Alice C, Primary Teacher, Algona. 
 Langworthy, Calla B. 
 Mbrnin, Mrs. Kathryn, Second Grade Teacher, Sioux Falls, 
 
 S. D. 
 Perkins, Minnie. 
 Reynolds, L. Kathryn. 
 
 Sebolt, Bessie E., First Primary Teacher, Ackley. 
 Shaw, Annie L. 
 Shoudy, Emma, B. Di., 'go. 
 Specht, Laura T. E., Primary Teacher, Rockwell. 
 Spellman, Nelle L. 
 Van Winkle, Salome B., Teacher, Dysart. 
 
 1902. 
 
 Brannan, Mary B., B. Di., '94. 
 Harris, Alta. 
 Hoenig, Jessie M. 
 
IOWA STATE NORMAL SCHOOL. 119 
 
 Knox, Florence, Primary Teacher, 1204 Capitol Ave., Des 
 
 Moines. 
 McCarty, Margaret E., First Primary Teacher, Laurens. 
 McElroy, Alice. 
 
 Petheram, Elsie L, Primary Teacher, Aplington. 
 Rhodes, Estalene. 
 
 Seller, Clara J., Primary Teacher, Gunnison, Colo. 
 Shannon, Marguerite. 
 
 Smith, Anna R., Primary Teacher, Brighton. 
 Spear, Mrs. Jane, Primary Teacher, Waterloo. 
 Stevenson, Grace O., Second Primary Teacher, Doon. 
 Thompson, Margaret, Primary Teacher, George. 
 Williams, Harriet, First Primary Teacher,. Clear Lake. 
 
 1903. 
 
 Barger, Alice Blanche, Primary Teacher, Milford. 
 Bingham, M. Maude, Primary Teacher, Dows. 
 Erickson, Carrie E., Second Primary Teacher, Kingsley. 
 Hall, Jennie F., B. Di., '03. 
 
 Kelly, Bertha M., Second Grade Teacher, Denison. 
 Kempthorne, Emily, Primary Teacher, Mason City. 
 King, Zaidee L., Principal of Washington School, East Wa- 
 terloo. 
 Kuebler, Edith, Primary Teacher, Washta. 
 Trumbauer, Dora, Third Grade Teacher, Oelwein. 
 Walker, Anna M. 
 
 SPECIAL COURSE FOR TEACHERS OF READING 
 AND PUBLIC SPEAKING. 
 
 (Established m 1902.) 
 
 1903. 
 
 Caldwell, Inez, Long Island, Kans. 
 
120 IOWA STATE NORMAL SCHOOL, 
 
 DECEASED GRADUATES. 
 
 The year of graduation is given in parenthesis following the 
 name. The date of decease is given in ever}- case as accurately 
 as known to the president's office. 
 Andrews, Sara BrufI (1896), August 13, 1898. 
 Babcock, Charles L. (1897 and 1899), August 24, 1902. 
 Barner, Fred I. (1897), March 4, 1904. 
 Benthall, Mary E., Mrs. C. L. Corrington (1897), June 10, 
 
 1900. 
 Benton, Rome O. (1878), 1879. 
 Bohstedt, Mary D. (1892), August 18, 1896. 
 Burton, Albert (1892), February 22, 1901. 
 Byers, Joey M., Mrs. Householder (1878). 
 Churchill, L. E. (1878), 1885. 
 Clark, Ella M. (1890), July 22, 1900. 
 Cobb, C. W. (1889), 1 89 1. 
 Cochran, Corinne (1900), October 10, 1900. 
 Cooke, Eva (1880), 1888. 
 Cooke, Clara C. (1880), 1883. 
 Crary, Louisa (1897), May 9, 1901. 
 Crawford, Robert T. (1896), November, 1901. 
 Cunningham, Edmund P. (1893), May 2, 1896. 
 Dane, Rhoda E. (1899), October 16, 1899. 
 Dane, Albert D. (1899), June 29, 1901. 
 Davies, Ethlyn (1894), October 7, 1897. 
 Davis, Anna (1881). 
 DeHart, A. G. (1895). 
 Earhart, Ella (1892), September 7, 1894. 
 Edgar, Anna (1895), October 28, 1895. 
 Fields, Wm. M. (1886 and 1887), August 31, 1896. 
 Flint, Carrie, Mrs. C. F. Cutler (1883), 1890. 
 French, Maude (1902), January 5, 1903. 
 Harlan, Chas. F. (1885), 1896. 
 
IOWA STATE NORMAL SCHOOL. 121 
 
 Hieber, Clara H., Mrs. Chas. R. Rail (1896), March 7, 1903. 
 
 Hoagland, Edith Adella (1894), February 1, 1901. 
 
 Hoch, Nellie, Mrs. C. B. Fountain (1888), February 25, 1904. 
 
 Judd, Blanche (1891), M!arch 29, 1892. 
 
 Kelly, Jas. R. (1897), June, 1899. 
 
 King, Dora A. (1888), October 7, 1896. 
 
 Kleinsorge, John A. (1890), March 15, 1901. 
 
 Kraiger, Sara E., Mrs. Henry Wilson (1884), October 6, 
 
 i895- 
 Leach, Lucy (1885), 1891. 
 
 Leland, Gertrude, Mrs. A. W. Isbell (1890), April 26, 1897. 
 
 Lenocker, Francis E. (1896), July 29, 1900. 
 
 Libby, Mabel (1894-1895), November 1, 1895. 
 
 McAlvin, Nellie, Mrs. Albert W. Stuntz (1893), March 10. 
 
 1901. 
 McCammond, George E. (1895), October 1, 1903. 
 McElhiney, Lizzie A. (1893), J ur J L x 894- 
 McMahan, J. S. (1892), May, 1893. 
 Miller, Charles C. (1889), August, 1892. 
 Miller, Martha, Mrs. Edward B. Haskell (1889), May 4, 
 
 1903. 
 Milner, Mattie (1898), February 20, 1900. 
 Moore, Ella (1891), September 24, 1892. 
 Neal, Alice (1895), Mav 2 3> l8 9 6 - 
 Noland, Nora C. (1898), April 16, 1900. 
 Ormsby, Marcella (1896), December 10, 1899. 
 Orr, Jessie (1892), April 20, 1893. 
 Parish, L. W., Jr. (1902), September 26, 1902. 
 Pease, Mattie (1885), 1890. 
 Poor, Helen L. (1892-1897), February 6, 1899. 
 Potter, Alda L. (1897- 1898), September 21, 1902. 
 Pruitt, Geo. E. (1898), December 10, 1903. 
 Roberts, Flora Addie (1882). 
 Roberts, Jennie Lucy (1882- 1885), 1889. 
 
122 IOWA STATE NORMAL SCHOOL. 
 
 Robinson, Ila May (1895), September 28, 1902. 
 
 Stout, Mary F. (1897), Mlarch 16, 1898. 
 
 Taubman, Katherine M. (1899). 
 
 Thompson, Clara J. (1902), December 19, 1903. 
 
 Thompson, Mary H. (1890), July, 1891. 
 
 Townsend, Warren D. (1888). 
 
 Treimer, Carl (1892- 1893), March 3, 1897. 
 
 Twinam, Adelaide (1895), Summer of 1902. 
 
 Walraven, Florence E. (1883), August 25, 1897. 
 
 White, John S. (1878). 
 
 Whitney, Harry Edgar (1897), May, 1899. 
 
 Winne, Grace M., Mrs. Julien Pudick (1881), 1898. 
 
Historical Account 
 
 of the 
 
 Several Societies 
 
 Alumnal, Literary, Athletic and Religious 
 
 Organized and Maintained 
 
 at the 
 
 State Normal School 
 
 1 876- 1904 
 
 (123) 
 
124 IOWA STATE NORMAL SCHOOL. 
 
 THE ALUMNI ASSOCIATION. 
 
 The Alumni Association probably had its origin in 1879. 
 for in the following year, 1880, reference is made to a previ- 
 ous organization. At this meeting of 1880, in the absence of 
 officers, David K. Bond was elected president pro tern., and 
 Mary L. Chapman, secretary. The election of officers resulted 
 as follows : President, J. S. White ; Vice-President, Lou P. 
 Barrett; Secretary, Clelland Gilchrist; Treasurer, Kate 
 Wether ell. 
 
 Three constitutions have been adopted, the first appearing 
 in the minutes without date; the second in 1885, bearing the 
 names of W. A. Bartlett, E. R. Nichols and George Chandler 
 as the committee of revision; the third in 1902, providing that 
 the literary program shall consist of oration, history and es- 
 say, that the dues shall be fifty cents per year, and that the 
 president, secretary and treasurer shall constitute an executive 
 committee for the management of affairs during the year. 
 
 The first literary program given seems to have been in 
 1 88 1, when Malcolm Stewart was orator; Rose Southard, 
 historian, and Eva Cook, poetess. The orators chosen for the 
 years from 1881 to 1904 are as follows: 
 
 1 88 1 — Malcolm Stewart. 
 
 1882 — (Not given in the minutes). 
 
 1883— (Not given in the minutes). 
 
 1884 — Jennie M. Buchanan. 
 
 1885 — George Chandler. 
 
 1886— E. D. Chassell. 
 
 1887-W. H. Bender. 
 
 1 888— Warren Carroll 
 
IOWA STATE NORMAL SCHOOL. 125 
 
 1889— D. L. Skiff. 
 
 1890 — William A. Bartlett. 
 
 1891— J. P. Dodds. 
 
 1892 — George B. Phelps. 
 
 1893— Mrs. D. S. Wright. 
 
 1894 — G. W. Newton. 
 
 1895— E. H - Griffin. 
 
 1896 — Mrs. Lura Chase Kingman. 
 
 1897 — Sara M. Riggs. 
 
 1898— C. E. Locke. 
 
 1899— G. S. Dick. 
 
 1900 — S. E. McMahon. 
 
 1 901— W. R. Patterson. 
 
 1902 — H. B. Lizer. 
 
 1903 — O. H. L. Mason. 
 
 1904 — H. H. Savage. 
 
 The following have acted as presidents of the Associa- 
 tion: 
 
 1880-D. K. Bond. 
 
 1881— T. S. White. 
 
 1882 — Clelland Gilchrist. 
 
 1883— W. I. Benham. 
 
 1884— W. I. Benham. 
 
 1885— E. R. Nichols. 
 
 1886— E. E. Best. 
 
 1887 — Mrs. Rose Southard Lantz. 
 
 1888— Mrs. D. S. Wright. 
 
 1889— Mrs. D. S. Wright. 
 1890 — Emma M. Ridley. 
 1 89 1 — George S. Dick. 
 1892 — Lura Chase. 
 1893— W. H. Bender. 
 1894— C. Ray Aurner. 
 1895 — George Olmstead. 
 
126 IOWA STATE NORMAL SCHOOL. 
 
 1896 — W. L. Hearst. 
 1897 — C. A. Fuller ton. 
 1898— Frank G. Miller. 
 1899— L. B. Moffett. 
 1900 — O. M. Harvey. 
 1901 — C. E. Stinson. 
 1902 — B. J. Lambert. 
 1903 — H. C. Cummins. 
 1904 — W. L. Hearst. 
 
 The Alumni are at present kept in closer touch with their 
 Alma Mater and with each other through the columns of the 
 Normal Byte by having an Alumni editor chosen from the 
 Alumni to represent their interests. Mamie F. Hearst has 
 held this position for the past three years. She would be glad 
 to receive communications from the Alumni regarding them- 
 selves or their friends in the Association. 
 
 The regular annual meeting of the Association is held the 
 day preceding Commencement, the whole day being now de- 
 voted to Alumni interests. A mid-year meeting, chiefly social, 
 is held in Des Moines during the session of the State Teachers' 
 Association. A plan has been inaugurated whereby each year 
 certain classes shall have special reunions. 
 
 Little has been done by the Association as an organiza-* 
 tion to further the interests of the school, more might be ac- 
 complished if plans were made to that end. 
 
 SARA M. RIGGS. 
 
IOWA STATE NORMAL SCHOOL. 127 
 
 LITERARY SOCIETIES. 
 
 i 
 
 The literary societies have always been a most important 
 factor in the Normal School work. Graduates and other stu- 
 dents remember with the greatest pleasure the association of 
 the societies and place a high estimate upon the training re- 
 ceived from this source. The societies were organized in the 
 following order: Philomathean, 1877; Alpha, 1877; Shake- 
 spearean, 1883; Cliosophic, 1886; Aristotelian, 1889; Neo- 
 trophian, 1891 ; Orio, 1893; Zetalethian, 1893; Ossoli, 1897; 
 Chrestomathian, 1901. 
 
 PHILOMATHEAN. 
 
 The Philomathean Society was organized January 18. 
 1877, w ^h the following as charter members: R. O. Benton, 
 
 D. K. Bond, L. E. Churchill, Clelland Gilchrist, W. Jasper 
 Hunt, M. P. Lichty, G. B. Phelps, W. A. Richardson, Ly- 
 man S. Scott, John S. White. 
 
 List of presidents from the beginning, arranged according 
 to years and the order of election, the term of each officer be- 
 ing six weeks : 
 
 1877— D. K. Bond, J. S. White, D. K. Bond, G. B. 
 Phelps. 
 
 1877-1878— E, M. Rands, D. K. Bond (two terms), L. 
 
 E. Churchill, M. P. Lichty, W. I. Benham. 
 
 1 878- 1 879 — M. Everist, A. Grundy (three terms), 
 Daniel Eiler (two terms). 
 
128 IOWA STATE NORMAL SCHOOL. 
 
 1879-1880— W. I. Benham, Clellancl Gilchrist, C. E. Moore, 
 T. D. Pettit, M. M. Dietz, J. W. Nichols. 
 
 1 880-1881 — J. W. Nichols (two terms), D. Jennings, 
 Malcolm Stewart, F. Bingham, L,. J. Stanton. 
 
 1881-1882— G. E. Winter, H. F. Anders, J. H. Driscoll, 
 E. D. Chassell, G. W. Newton, Ml J. Kenefick. 
 
 1882-1883 — E. B. Corning, W. Carroll, E. E. Best, D. 
 T. Skiff, W. A. Bartlett, E. H. Griffin. 
 
 1 883- 1 884— W. Carroll, O. B. Chassell, O. F. Burgess, 
 H. A. Hull, I. P. Potter, A. E, Felmley. 
 
 1 884-1885 — Wilbur Davis, J. R. McKee (two terms), 
 J. P. McMurray, Joseph McMahon, W. H. Bender. 
 
 1885-1886— H. B. Lizer (half term), C. N. Brones 
 (half term), J. P. Reed, Livingstone Morris, C. N. Brones, 
 John Sogard, G. S. Dick. 
 
 1886-1887— H. E. Nothomb, W. T. Dick, G. H. Mc- 
 Manus, E. E. Harrison, H. E. Wheeler, W. N. Watson. 
 
 1887-1888— P. G. Fullerton, B. W. McKeen, G. M. 
 Langeteig, S. E. McMahon, F. C. Sage, Thomas Amlie. 
 
 1888-1889— W. F. Moxey, E. D. Y. Culbertson, C. W. 
 Cobb, G. N. Sabin, C. A. Fullerton, O. H. L. Mason. 
 
 1 889- 1 890 — F. A. Nimrocks, J. F. Doderer, M. C. Cun- 
 ningham, C. Ray Aurner, W. H. Robinson, S. B. Stonerook. 
 
 1 890- 1 89 1— Joseph Parks, Dan Rhodes, A. M. Wilson, 
 C. C. Hammerly, R. C. Adams, S. O. Holm. 
 
 1891-1892— F. G. Miller, Y. G. Barnell, S. L. Thomas. 
 A. L. Thornburn, A. F. Burton, C. A. Draper. 
 
 1 892- 1 893— Carl Treimer, C. W. Bartine, J. E. Smith, A. 
 L. Comstock, Geo. W. Briggs, D. R. Perkins. 
 
 1 893- 1 894 — Samuel Younkin, J. R. Byers, M. H. 
 Thielen, Robert Fullerton, E. J. Turner, W. G. Burris, 
 
 1894-1895— E, G. Copeland, G. W. Randlett, C. E. 
 Stinson, C. E. Tool, F. C. Woods, L. C. Bryan. 
 
 1895-1896— B. B. Welty, R. T. Crawford, John Wilson. 
 
IOWA STATE NORMAL. SCHOOL 129 
 
 A. Ml Lane, C. E. Locke, H. C. Cummins. 
 
 1 896- 1 897— Charles Johnson, F. N. Fullerton, L. T. 
 Harris, William Sparks, E. C. Nelson, A. M. Nichelson. 
 
 1897-1898 — Charles Meyerholz, E, C. Bartlett, J. L. 
 Mowry, Wl. J. Bell, O. D. Longstreth, B. T. Youel. 
 
 1898-1899— W. B. Bell, Charles Sutherland, A. D. Mil- 
 ler, G. D. Eaton, J. H. Ellison, R. H. Volland. 
 
 1899-1900— R. M. Estes, Joel E. Johnson, M. R. Tim- 
 merman, C. S. Cory, B. J. Beavers, B. G. Hess. 
 
 1900-1901 — E. E. Watson, E. W. Gregson, E. J. War- 
 ren, T. E. Hawk, T. L. Long, W. A. Burton. 
 
 1901-1902 — P. A. Long, H. W. Scallon, C. H. Gilbert, 
 D. D. Schneider, P. F. Hammond, R. A. Fenton. 
 
 1902- 1903 — H. B. Hetzler, Allan Peterson, A. N. Wray, 
 C. W. Moore, E. J. Feuling, L. M. Burgess. 
 
 1903- 1904 — R. R. Stuart, C. E. Cavett, W. P. Jensen, 
 T. B. Stewart. 
 
 ALPHA. 
 
 The Alpha Society was organized in April, 1877, with 
 Miss Matilda Palmer as its first president and Miss Maud 
 Gilchrist as secretary. Since that time the following persons 
 have presided over its meetings: 
 
 1878 — Maud Gilchrist, Idella Chapman, Hannah Bu- 
 chanan, Carrie Flint, Anna Jones. 
 
 1879 — Mary Ballantyne, Ada McClelland, Emma Sut- 
 ton, Cora Pierce. 
 
 1880 — Eliza Rawstern, Eva Cook. 
 
 1881 — Annie Davis, Stella Methis, Flora Roberts. Ella 
 Williams. 
 
 1882 — Clara Ensign, Carrie Williams, Nellie Davis. 
 Flora Morgan. 
 
 1883 — Maggie Rue, Sara Riggs, Ethelyn Williams. 
 
13 IOWA STATE NORMAL SCHOOL. 
 
 1884 — Kathie Maxwell, Dora King, Minnie Moore, Liz- 
 zie Sawyer. 
 
 1885 — Alice Pierce, Ella Buckingham, Eleanor Kruger, 
 Franc Mills. 
 
 1886— Delia Goodrich, Emma Ridley, Ella Ford, Emma 
 Potter. 
 
 1887 — Jennie Cowan, Jennie Hughey, Clara Funston. 
 
 1888— Emma Hogg, May Boynton, Pauline Leader. 
 
 1889 — Belle Cowan, Nellie McAlvin, Emma Funk. 
 
 1890 — Adelia Gregg, Helen Clute, Agnes Cowan. 
 
 1 89 1 — Beatrice Evers, Stella Tuttle, Amy Bell. 
 
 1892 — Florence Zerwekh, Lissa Jeffers, Florence Mack. 
 
 1893 — Vinnie Marsh, Cynthia Titus, Franc Stewart. 
 
 1894 — Ida Fesenbeck, Lillian Dale, Susie Hemenway. 
 
 1895 — Ethel Arey, Harriet Kimball, Emma Lambert. 
 
 1896 — Nina Fiscus, Maude Bozarth, Anna Bernard. 
 
 1897 — Fannie Mowry, Alice Peters, Grace Minnis, Olive 
 Whitmore, Julia Miller, Bertha Marsh. 
 
 1898 — Verna Bernard, Louise Moyer, Loretta Blake, 
 Martha Roberts. 
 
 1899 — Myrtle Drew, Jennie Huie, Mabel Montgomery, 
 Daisy Howe, Bess Streeter, Sara Sherman. 
 
 1900 — Maude Lane, Luella Wright, Juliette Pierce, Jes- 
 sie Blodg-ett, Leila Mitchell 
 
 1901 — Ethel Meacham, Lucy Miller, Jeanette Cushman, 
 Bess Kaye, Mary King. 
 
 1902 — Kittie Murphy, Grace Simpson, Bessie Forrester, 
 Clara Thompson, Mary Jensen. 
 
 1903 — Blanche Mcintosh, Jennie Howarth, Ella Hoff- 
 man, Vida Keene, Ruth Egloff. 
 
 1904 — Jessie Wiler, Grace Lambert. 
 
IOWA STATE NORMAL SCHOOL. 131 
 
 SHAKESPEAREAN CIRCLE. 
 
 The Shakespearean Society was organized in September, 
 1884. Its presidents have been as follows: 
 
 1884 — Susie Mack. 
 
 1885 — Susie Mack, Annis Folsom, Lucy Leech, Lizzie 
 Jones. 
 
 1886 — Lizzie Jones, Alice Blake, Emily Yale, Mary Pal- 
 mer. 
 
 1887 — Laura Monlux, Sarah Peters, Ida Shaw. 
 
 1888— Eva Wier, Gertrude Hale, Jennie Wier, Minnie 
 Stockton. 
 
 1889 — Agnes Russell, Helen Sisson, Carrie Hickman. 
 
 1890 — Etta Robinson, Margaret Gilchrist, Linnie Moore. 
 
 1 89 1 — Mame Scott, Lissa Lenocker, Hattie Hartshorn. 
 
 1892 — Mame Herrick, Mae Loonan, Katherine Laird. 
 
 1893 — Jennie Wier, Harriet Cunningham, Francis Al- 
 lison. 
 
 1894 — Tillie Harrington, Abbie Gunn, Beulah Burris. 
 
 1895 — Norma Butterfield, Alma Gray, Jessie Williams, 
 Sara McDonald. 
 
 1896 — Alzada Mbwry, Alice Curtis, Alberta Hoffman, 
 Cora Curtis, Marcella Ormsby, Linnie Downs, -Mary Boyle. 
 
 1897 — Deborah Davis, Anna Goodale, Ida Sturgeon, 
 Martha Hutchinson, Naomi Achenbach. 
 
 1898 — Mae Brewer, Lizzie Bowen, Mary Belle Donnan, 
 Grace Vinton, Marie Johnson, Marian Leonard, Stella Rob- 
 inson. 
 
 1899 — Harriett Bock, Leora Parker, Winifred Morris, 
 Etta Rider, Emma Shoudy, Anna Black. 
 
 1900 — Alice Edgerly, Bertha Beale, Sylvia Smith, Mat- 
 tie Freeburg, Bertha Anderson, Maude Barr. 
 
 1 901 — Clara Denniston, Mrs. Mary Patton, Mae Wall, 
 Mae Cress well, Jean Leonard. 
 
132 IOWA STATE NORMAL SCHOOL. 
 
 1902 — Lucretia Eighmey, Miaude French, Iva Lamb, 
 Margaret Huston, Maude Popp, Daisy Wood. 
 
 1903 — Edna Little, Mary Walters, Gertrude Riggs. 
 Clara Bonnewell, Bertha Stiles, Esther Seerley, Mabel 
 Parish. 
 
 1904 — Julia Bucklen. 
 
 CLIOSOPHIC. 
 
 The Cliosophic Society was organized in October, 1886. 
 It grew out of a desire on the part of students living outside 
 of the buildings for a society which should hold an afternoon 
 instead of an evening session. The list of presidents is as 
 follows : 
 
 1886 — Anna Morgan, Nellie Hearst. 
 
 1887 — Lena Seitzinger, Libbie Wyant, Nellie Jarvis. 
 
 1888— Sophie Wismer, Mlary Hieber, Kittie Townsend. 
 
 1889 — Anna Wilson, Mary Thompson, Janet Wilson. 
 
 1892 — Sophie Keeler, Mamie Hearst, Julia Hendrickson, 
 Elma Raymond. 
 
 1893 — Ella Scurry, Grace Griffin, Mabel Sheerer. 
 
 1894 — Frances Cross, Helen Tyler, Nellie Weldy, Anna 
 Morgan, Phoebe Mbrgan. 
 
 1895 — Adella Gibson, Berta Mitchell, Stena Hansen, 
 Minnie Hegner, Mamie Gilchrist. 
 
 1896 — Mae Kennedy, Minnie Banker, Jessie Barnt, Alice 
 Hawk, Nettie Hartsell, Margaret Klinefelter, Nellie Scott. 
 
 1897 — Elizabeth Heaton, Mary Stout, May Birdsall, 
 Dora Larson, Nellie Dority. 
 
 1898 — Lizzie Bain, Nervie Keeler, Tressie Waldo, Inez 
 Phipps, Josephine Smith. 
 
 1899 — Abbie Rodman, Mae Dolan, Lucy Pingrey, Katie 
 Ives, Carrie Durant, Ida Donald. 
 
 1900— Mattie Hageman, Belle Tellier, Laura Slay ton, 
 Bessie Arnold, Florence Rigby, Minnie Arent. 
 
IOWA STATE NORMAL SCHOOL. 133 
 
 1 90 1 — Grace Churchill, Lynn Barnum, Jessie Cunning, 
 Velma Roadman, Allie Childress, Emma Hoebel. 
 
 1902 — Jennie Berg, Amy Crary, Mary Bruce. 
 
 1903 — Agnes McCracken, Alison Aitchison, Ruth Long, 
 Mary Feltus, Jessie Cunning, Ida Marschall. 
 
 1 904— Kate McDonald. 
 
 ARISTOTELIAN. 
 
 The early history of the Aristotelian Society is somewhat 
 obscure, the records extending only to May 24, 1890. The 
 society was organized in 1886, reorganized in 1887, and rec- 
 ognized by the Faculty in 1889. 
 
 LIST OF PRESIDENTS. 
 
 1886— A. W. Sargent 
 
 1 889- 1 890 — Alvin Reynolds, Bruce Francis, W. L. 
 Veatch, Ray Keeler, L. A. Wescott, W. L. Veatch. 
 
 1 890- 1 89 1 — E. A. Crary, J. C. McGee, F. E. Lenocker, 
 W. D. Taylor, F. W. Perkins, J. E. Johnson, 
 
 1891-1892— H. E. Button, J. P. Huggett, L. H. An- 
 drews, A. B. Alexander, E. P. Cunningham, C. Ml Thomp- 
 son. 
 
 1 892-1893— W. F. Berner, C. C. Magee, L. A. I. Chap- 
 man, Walter Guthridge, E, B. Williams, Charles Henry. 
 
 1 893- 1 894 — F. C. Ensign, H. E. Blackmar, C. A. Fred- 
 erick, S. C. Smith, Rodney M. Arey, L, H. Minkel. 
 
 1894-1895— J. T. Fackler, E. E. Rail, H. H. Savage, E. 
 O. Bronson, George Rail, W. T. Davison, W. H. Reever, 
 S. S. Stockwell. 
 
 1895-1896— W. H. Lyon, J. R. McNally, E. B. Rogers, 
 J. J. Lambert, O. J. McManus, R. H. Minkel. 
 
 1896-1897— B. J. Lambert, N. M. Leonard, W. E. Kyler, 
 C. C. Clayton, W. R. Sandy, W. E. Salisbury. 
 
 1897-1898— A. A. Manson, E, T. Shepard, F. D. Me- 
 
134 IOWA STATE NORMAL SCHOOL. 
 
 Uravy, Benjamin Boardman, C. W. Lyon, F. A. Bronson. 
 
 1898-1899— E, N. Gibson, George Mueller, W. H. 
 Bridges, J. A. Boyle, Benjamin Quigley, Ira T. Shaffner. 
 
 1899-1900 — George Eckhard, Leslie I. Reed, C. P. Shear- 
 er, M. J. Lamb, J. P. Woodruff, E. E. Kuhn. 
 
 19001901— J. R. Magee, W. G. Mbgee, G. J. Balzer, L. 
 P. Parker, Louis Pelzer, E. C. Roberts. 
 
 190 1- 1902 — J. C. Parish, Will Francis, Leigh Robinson, 
 
 E. W. Vogel, Oscar Mueller, James Daughton. 
 
 1902-1903 — J. Foy Cross, Joe B. Clay, Don Campbell. 
 
 F. E. Magee, Macy Campbell, E. S. Smith. 
 
 1903-1904— A. A. Smith, R. H. Sylvester, B. B. Mc- 
 Ginnis, D. B. Mlcllravy. 
 
 NEOTROPHIAN. 
 
 The following is an extract from the first records of the 
 Neotrophian Society: "It having been necessary to form a 
 new literary society, a meeting of students desiring to enter 
 such a society was called Tuesday, September 15, 1891, in 
 Miss Wallbank's room. Miss Maud Carr was appointed 
 chairman, and Laurane Carson secretary pro tern. The meet- 
 ing then proceeded to business. Upon motion Misses Whit- 
 ney, Sweet and Conner were appointed a committee to draft 
 a constitution. Upon motion Misses Griff en, Bennett and 
 Ives were appointed a nominating committee. The society 
 then adjourned to meet Friday, September 18. in Miss Wal- 
 bank's room." 
 
 The name Neotrophian, meaning "culture of youth," 
 was adopted October 23, 189 1. The object of the society is 
 to improve its members in all literary exercises, its motto be- 
 ing "Nulla vestigia retrorsum." The colors of the society 
 are corn and blue; its flower is the yellow rose, while the under- 
 graduate badge is a laurel leaf with "Neo" on the blade and 
 "I. S. N. S." on the stem. 
 
IOWA STATE NORMAL SCHOOL. 135 
 
 The charter members of the society were: 
 Rosa Bennett, Maggie Berry, Alice Briggs, Carrie Bron- 
 son, Ella Farrington, Jessamine Ives, Marion Sweet, Jennie 
 Wilson, Emma Evans, Lucy Mount, Maud Carr, Laurane 
 Carson, Annie Champion, Alline Ensign, Agnes Heightshoe, 
 Emma Pringle, Laura Paine, Anna Fugier, Myrtle Murphy. 
 The following persons have held the office of president in 
 the society since its beginning in 1891 : 
 
 Maggie Berry, Laurane Carson, Lucy Mount, Ella Far- 
 rington, Agnes Heightshoe, Jennie Wilson, Anna Rail, Annie 
 Champion, Hattie Shaw, Ethlyn Davies, Lena Shannon, 
 Maggie Montgomery, Clara Eckhard, Kate Crawford, Mol- 
 lie Kelly, Edith Nash, Emma Larkin, Minnie Edwards, Ida 
 Worster, Edith Eighmey, Hattie Higley, Mlinnie Gardner, 
 Jennie Krebs, Alice White, Bertha J. Edwards, Lottie Davis, 
 Carrie Clark, Alice Fullerton, Ada Groves, Vina Wells, Ethel 
 Waller, Anna Montgomery, Nellie Smith, Edith Korinke, 
 Rose Ferguson, Ella Thompson, Faith Stuntz, Emma Miller, 
 Minnie Adams, Jennie McKellar, Ella Moore, Gertrude Clark, 
 Jennie Lindsay, Bella Hostetter, Alice Simpson, Ida Tupper, 
 Kate Putnam, Fannie Dickey, Margaret Gorman, Mina Og- 
 den, Nellie Pemberton, Mi'ary Dougherty, Catherine Craw- 
 ford, Adeline Bishop, Mary Hartley, Edith Fisher, Nellie 
 Cotter, Winifred Selser, Grace Simpson, Maggie Gittins, 
 Alice Edwards, Avice Dailey, Ethel Edwards, Minna Mer- 
 riam, Winifred Byrne, Kate Lester, Esta Ross, Essie Davies, 
 Blanche Renne, Ethel Lovitt, Gladys Dunn. 
 
 ORIO. 
 
 The Orio Society was organized in 1893. 
 
 LIST OF PRESIDENTS. 
 
 1893— E. D. Ede. 
 
 1893-1894— O. P. McElmeel, J. E, Vance, A. M. Gray, 
 R. M. Wyant, Fred Williams, L. E. Johnson. 1 
 
136 IOWA STATE NORMAL SCHOOL. 
 
 1894-1895— G. W. Hursey, G. H. Scobey, Geo. Gallo- 
 way, U. B. Kepford, A. G. DeHart, B. A. Smillie. 
 
 1 895- 1 896 — E. R. Monroe.. Morton E. Weldy, Joseph 
 O. Johnson, Harry S. Stein, W. H. McMillan, M. L. Fuller. 
 
 1896-1897— C. J. Shaffer, H. E. Whitney, P. M. Shaffer, 
 C. S, Beall, J. ML Kirby, L. A. Warwick. 
 
 1 897- 1 898 — Joe Vance, Ed. Beckley, J. H. Anderson, 
 M. Jaynes, Frank E. Green, L. B. Swaggart. 
 
 1898-1899 — A. C. Fuller, Casper Schenk, Chas. Babcock, 
 P. E. McClenahan, H. E. Scott, B. J. Read. 
 
 1899-1900 — J. Ml. Pierce, W. H. Dana, A. C. Wyant, A. 
 E. Axtell, J. O. Huntley, Jas. Kendrick. 
 
 1 900-1901— F. A. Barber, U. G. Hayden, W. S. Mitchell, 
 G. C. Cleveland, E. S. Baker, Chas. Yeager. 
 
 1 901 -1902 — C. S. Stoakes, J. A. Yeager, A. L. Vincent, 
 John O. Kirkpatrick, Albert Graham, G. H. Crary. 
 
 1902-1903 — H. B. Morgan, A. C. Joy, J. C. Jones, F. O. 
 Smith, Thos. Burckhalter, Arthur Wright. 
 
 1903- 1904 — Chas. Roadman, Raymond Dix, J. N. Streff, 
 T. E. Jones. 
 
 ZETALETHEAN. 
 
 The Zetalethean Society was organized in 1892. Its ob- 
 ject is declared to be "the advancement of its members in so- 
 cial and literary effort." Its motto is "We seek the truth"; 
 its colors are cerise and white, and its flower is the red rose. 
 The charter members of the society were: 
 Clara Banks, Fannie Beckwith, Hattie Cuttell, Ella 
 Chafer, Lucy Curtis, Loma Crosby, Celia Duff, Sara Feld, 
 Ina Faris, Lucy Gillette, Jessie Graham, Olive McKlveen, 
 Lucretia Mast, Ida Faris, Florence Nichols, Marie A. Royce, 
 Luella Rigby, Emma H. Reese, Jennie Rowland, Orpha 
 Thayer, Alice Tedro, Medley Wylde, Orianna Wesche, Nellie 
 Griffith, Millie Graham, LilHe Graham, Jennie Harrison, Elma 
 
IOWA STATE NORMAL SCHOOL. 137 
 
 Hall, Lillian E. Rickert, Stella Henshaw, Addie King, Josie 
 Lowe, Clara Wood. 
 
 The record shows the following named persons as having 
 been presidents of the society: 
 
 Celia Duff, Orpha Thayer, Mary Patterson, Carrie E. 
 Johnson, Luella Rigby, Emma R. Hegner, Mary M. Hughes, 
 Alary Hollen, Emma L. Reese, Altha Stone, Fannie G. Out- 
 water, Alma Sougstad, Ida Gordon, Rose Morris, Jeanette 
 Sougstad, Emma L. Reese, Nellie Round, Mina Van Winkle, 
 Laura Martin, Miss Ott, Gertrude Jakelin, Effie Templeton, 
 Miss Jensen, Anna Althouse, Josephine Norton, Mary Pat- 
 terson, Laura Martin, Mary Sayre, Florence Kimball, Nettie 
 Norton, Sue Bevans, Emma Grau, Ella Lund, Lillian Rick- 
 ert, Nora Hauger, Mamie Lent, Altha Stone, Winifred Will- 
 iams, Esther Wolzmuth, Alma Harris, Emma Schoelerman, 
 Miss MeGuire, Pearl Gould, Ella Paulger, Marie Finch, Alice 
 Vaala, Julia Anderson, Dora Trumbauer, Margaret Hardie, 
 Helga Jacobson. 
 
 There are forty-two members in the society at the present 
 time. 
 
 OSSOLL 
 
 The Margaret Fuller Ossoli Club was organized in 1897. 
 The declared object of this organization is "to develop the 
 intellectual faculties and to encourage moral and social im- 
 provement among, its members." The society has for its 
 motto, "Be to the best thou knowest ever true." Its colors 
 are green and white, and its flower is the pink carnation. 
 The following are the names of its charter members: 
 Sidney Dowell, Bessie Rathbun, Ruby Webster, Alma 
 Meier, Pearl Bandy, Anna Sheldon, Laura Hoag, Lucy Sul- 
 livan, M«yrtle Bardsley, Mabel L. Weiny, Nina Palmer, Maude 
 Ransom, Bessie Bardsley, Maude Thomas, Mae Thomas, M. 
 Nellie Oathout, Prudence S. Jackson, Sarah H. Clickener, 
 Blanche Riggs, Myrtle Thomas, Susie Bell. 
 
138 IOWA STATE NORMAL SCHOOL. 
 
 The following presidents have held office: 
 Sarah Clickener, Sidney Dowell, Susie Bell, Anna Heller. 
 Susan Kerstetter, Bessie Bardsley, Bessie Rathbun, Mary Bol- 
 ton, Lottie Green, Lesta David, Rena Fish, Agnes Arnett, 
 Margaret Hawk, Venia Hawley, Beatrice Bauman, Elizabeth 
 Arnett, Miss Clifford, Miss Brinkman, Mrs. Ella Hartshorn, 
 Laura Hopkinson, Florence Cady, Ida Reike, Ola Logan, Lin- 
 nie Schloeman, Ida Leighton, Bessie Allen, Ellen Hull, Grace 
 DeNoon, Linnie Schloeman, Anna Johnson, Alyce Haley, 
 Pearl VanTuyl, Edith VanTuyl. 
 
 CHRESTO'MjATHIAN. 
 
 The Chrestomathian Society was organized October 
 30, 1901. In choosing a name for their society the "Chresto" 
 girls announced themselves as a body of searchers for some- 
 thing higher and more useful. In decoration they use the 
 colors cream and wine, twined with myrtle. A little silver 
 anchor and a gold monogram of the letters C. and S. are found 
 in their society pins. 
 
 The charter members were: 
 
 Lottie Hunter, Amelia McDonnell, Alice Armstrong, 
 Mabel Boldrick, Anna Patrick, Mabel Quire, Alice M'cElroy, 
 Pansy Stewart, Carrie Brown, Stella Burrington, Elsie Pith- 
 eram, Agnes Houlahan, Cora Rippel, Margaret Thompson. 
 Blanche Sleeper, Blanche Burch, Susie Wallace, Estella 
 Woodard, Katharina Sheesley, Harriet Williams, Minna How- 
 ers, Mollie Roller, Blandina Deal, Ora Johnson, Carrie Mar- 
 tin, Maude Gibson, Myrtle Huntzinger, Katherine Sewall, 
 Margaret Stinson and Clara Case. 
 
 The presidents of the society have been as follows : 
 
 Anna Patrick,. Mabel Boldrick, Lottie Hunter,, Carrie 
 Martin, Mabel Kent, Carrie Sperling, Estella Woodard, Cora 
 Rippel, Ora Johnson, Edith Cross, Jessie Clark, Lena Chand- 
 ler, Valeria Secor, Nellie Haskell. 
 
IOWA STATE NORMAL SCHOOL. 139 
 
 THE ORATORICAL ASSOCIATION. 
 
 In the spring of 1893 the students of the Iowa State 
 Normal School called a meeting and appointed a committee 
 whose duty it was to increase interest in oratory in the school. 
 Their efforts resulted in the formation of a local association, 
 of which J. R. Byers was president, Ida Fesenbeck vice- 
 president, Harriet Cunningham corresponding secretary, Edith 
 Neeley recording secretary, and H. E. Blackmar treasurer. 
 
 In the following October arrangements were made for a 
 contest, and Mr. O. M. Harvey and Mr. S. T. Walker were 
 appointed delegates to* the State Oratorical Association. These 
 gentlemen attended the meeting at Fairfield and obtained a 
 favorable answer to the request that the Normal School be 
 allowed to become a member of the Association. , 
 
 During the time in which this membership in the State 
 Association was maintained the presidents and successful con- 
 testants were as follows: 
 
 Presidents : F. C. Ensign, J. T. Fackler, J. J. Lambert, 
 J. O. Johnson. 
 
 Orators : Clara Eckhard, Deborah Davis, S. S. Stockwell. 
 
 Percival Hunt (substitute). 
 
 In the meeting held at Cedar Rapids February 22, 1896. 
 our contestant was debarred from the contest, and our mem- 
 bership in the State Association ceased. Rumors of such 
 an action had been current for some time, and, in view of 
 this fact and similar action in Kansas toward the Normal 
 School there, a meeting had been called at St. Joseph, Mis- 
 souri, to consider the advisability of forming an Inter-State 
 Normal League. Kansas, Illinois, Missouri and Iowa joined 
 in the formation of such a league, the Wisconsin Normal 
 Schools being admitted soon after, and the first contest was 
 held at Warrensburg, Missouri, May 8, 1896. 
 
 The presidents of the local association since that time 
 have been : 
 
140 IOWA STATE NORMAL SCHOOL. 
 
 1896 — J. O. Johnson. 
 
 1 896- 1 897— B. R. Brundage. 
 
 1897-1898— W. E. Salisbury. 
 
 1898-1899— A. C. Fuller. 
 
 1 899- 1 900 — James Boyle. 
 
 1900 (Fall term) — Louis Pelzer. 
 
 1 90 1 — E. E. Watson. 
 
 1901-1902 — Albert Graham. 
 
 1 902- 1 903 — Ella Hoffman. 
 
 1903- 1904— B. B. McGinnis. 
 
 The successful contestants have been: 
 
 S. T. Walker, Percival Hunt, A. M. Nichelson, Maud 
 Bozarth, Bessie Arnold, U. G. Hayden, E, W. Vogel, H. B. 
 Morgan and Mary Campbell. 
 
 The offices in the Inter-State League and the places of 
 meeting are assigned by rotation and have been as follows : 
 
 Place. President. 
 
 1 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 5 
 6 
 
 7 
 8 
 
 9 
 
 Warrensburg, Mo. Charles Johnson, Iowa. 
 
 Emporia, Kas. S. M. Keyes, Wisconsin. 
 
 Normal, 111. Harry Borgstadt, Missouri. 
 
 Cedar Falls, Iowa. A. M. Thoroman, Kansas. 
 
 Oshkosh, Wis. David Wells, Illinois. 
 
 Warrensburg, Mo. Mark Roberts, Iowa. 
 
 Emporia, Kas. Lawrence W. Burdick, Wise 
 
 De Kalb, 111. Geo. W. Mlorrow, Missouri. 
 
 Cedar Falls, Iowa. Harry MeGuire, Kansas. 
 
 The contests have been won by the states as follows 
 
 1. Wisconsin. 6. Wisconsin. 
 
 2. Iowa. 7. Illinois. 
 
 3. Kansas. 8. Kansas. 
 
 4. Wisconsin. 9. Kansas. 
 v Wisconsin. 
 
IOWA STATE NORMAL SCHOOL. 141 
 
 In these contests the Iowa Normal School has won the 
 following positions : 
 
 i. Fourth place. 6. Fifth place. 
 
 2. First place. 7. Fourth place. 
 
 3. Fourth place. 8. Fifth place. 
 
 4. Second place. 9. Third place. 
 
 5. Fourth place. 
 
 DEBATING LEAGUE. 
 
 The debating league was organized in 1897 for the pur- 
 pose of holding debating contests with other schools. Each 
 of the three societies for men is entitled to a representation 
 of ten members in the league. The following have been 
 president of the league: 
 
 1 897- 1 898 — A. Mi. Nichelson. 
 
 1898-1899— F. D. Mbllravy. 
 
 1 899- 1 900 — M. E. Logan. 
 
 1 900- 1 90 1— W. E. Magee. 
 
 1 901 -1 902— Willis E. Lamb. 
 
 1 902- 1 903 — Will Francis. 
 
 1 903- 1 904 — E. L. McConkie. 
 
 Tre Normal held two intercollegiate debates before the 
 league was organized, one with Lenox College in 1897 and 
 one with the Iowa State College in 1894. In both of these 
 contests the Normal School was victorious. Since the or- 
 ganization of the league seven more contests have been held 
 with the Iowa State College at Ames. The following is the 
 record of the debates with Ames: 
 
 First debate, Cedar Falls, May 11, 1894. Decision, 
 Ames, 1 ; Normal, 2. 
 
 Second debate, Ames, Oct. 15, 1897. Decision, Normal, 
 2; Ames, 1. 
 
 Third debate, Cedar Falls, Nov. 4, 1898. Decision, 
 Ames, o; Normal, 3. 
 
142 IOWA STATE NORMAL SCHOOL. 
 
 Fourth debate, Ames, Oct. 3, 1899. Decision, Ames, 
 2; Normal, 1, 
 
 Fifth debate, Cedar Falls, Oct. 26, 1900. Decision, 
 Ames, 1 ; Normal, 2. 
 
 Sixth debate, Ames, Nov. 1, 1901. Decision, Normal, 
 1 ; Ames, 2. 
 
 Seventh debate, Cedar Falls, Oct. 21, 1902. Decision, 
 Normal, o; Ames, 3. 
 
 Eighth debate, Ames, Nov. 6, 1903. Decision, Ames, 
 1 ; Normal, 2. 
 
 This gives Normal five decisions and Ames three. 
 
 In the debates with Ames the Aristos have had seven 
 representatives; the Orios, eight; the Philos, nine. 
 
 The Ames-Normal Debating League was organized in 
 1898. 
 
 TRIANGULAR CONTESTS. 
 
 The men's societies have held twenty-nine triangular de- 
 bates, with the following credits to each : Philos, 83 ; Aristos, 
 90; Orios, 97. 
 
 The men's societies have also' held two oratorical con- 
 tests, with the following credits: Philos, 4; Aristos, 7; 
 Oros, 9, 
 
 THE YOUN.G MEN'S CHRISTIAN ASSOCIATION. 
 
 Since the founding of the State Normal School in 1876 
 the spirit of consecrated Christian manhood and womanhood 
 has made itself a place in the work of education in Iowa, for 
 through the united efforts and prayers of the students this 
 influence has been felt not only in this state but also in 
 heathen lands. This work has been done by the Association 
 sending out teachers, secretaries, religious workers, ministers 
 of the gospel, and missionaries of the Cross. 
 
 In 1886 it was deemed wise to establish a more definite 
 organization, the work up to this time being without official 
 
IOWA STATE NORMAL SCHOOL. 143 
 
 management, but was not by any means neglected. The 
 growth of the school and the division of interests led to the 
 organization of special associations known as the Young 
 Men's and Young Women's Christian Associations. Fos- 
 tered, supported, encouraged and assisted by the President 
 and the Faculty during all these years, the Young Mien's 
 Christian Association is today a most important factor in 
 the life of all young men in the Normal School. 
 
 The year 1886 was the beginning of new things and new 
 plans for the Normal School. It was natural, therefore, that 
 interest in the religious work should take the direction of 
 permanent organization. While it had been decided to per- 
 fect these organizations early in the fall term of that year, yet 
 postponement was made until the state meeting of the Young 
 Men's Christian Association, held that year at Des Moines, 
 Iowa. A Sunday school had been in existence during the 
 first decade. This Sunday school appointed as delegates to 
 the State Convention George S. Dick and Susie E. Mack, as 
 at that time the Ladies' Auxiliary Qf the Young Men's 
 Christian Association had their state meeting with the State 
 Convention. At that time it was decided in Iowa to organize 
 a Young Women's Christian Association in place of the 
 Ladies' Auxiliary. On the return of these delegates from 
 the State Convention both organizations were perfected. 
 
 The Young Men's Christian Association came into' ex- 
 istence December 9, 1886, with ten active members, electing 
 3S first president George S. Dick, at that time a member of 
 the third year senior class, and manager of the book-room 
 where text-books and supplies were sold to students. 
 
 The association had broad development and growth, 
 showing a membership in 1891 of 105, in 1893 of 161, and 
 in 1903 of 200. The spiritual life of the association has had 
 special seasons of quickening, when it has run at high tide, 
 under the special direction of such services as were held by 
 
144 IOWA STATE NORMAL SCHOOL. 
 
 Dr. F. N. Seerley, S. M. Say ford, S. D. Gordon, John Fell- 
 ing-ham, Charles Johnson, the secretaries of the state and 
 national organizations, the workers in the student volunteer 
 movement and others who have contributed from time to 
 time to the strength and efficiency of the work being accom- 
 plished. 
 
 Of recent years the Lake Geneva annual conference of 
 students has been a source of great interest and lasting bene- 
 fit. Since 1892 delegations of from two to seven men have 
 been regularly sent to this conference. Here they have spent 
 ten days in the atmosphere of the most active spiritual men 
 and have been incited to greater and more heroic efforts for 
 the Master's kingdom. 
 
 The meetings of the association have been held at vari- 
 ous places since the beginning. They were first held in the 
 old reception room in South Hall, now the office of Super- 
 intendent J. E. Robinson. They were then held from time 
 to time in various rooms as convenience made it necessary, 
 but they were finally assigned to a class-room on the second 
 floor in the old building, which was formerly occupied by 
 Miss S. Laura Ensign, the professor of history, but which is 
 at present used by the band and orchestra. In 1903 the 
 board of trustees assigned to the association a good and 
 convenient room in the basement of the old building and it 
 is here that the work is now conducted. 
 
 The association has been fortunate in its executive of- 
 ficers from the beginning, as the students who have been 
 called to this position have had not only the work of the 
 president but have also had charge of everything pertaining 
 to the association such as uniformly belongs to the secretary. 
 
 The list of presidents from the first is as follows: 
 1 886- 1 887— Geo. S. Dick. 
 1 887- 1 888— Geo. S. Dick. 
 1 888- 1 880— C. Ray Aurner. 
 
IOWA STATE NORMAL SCHOOL. 145 
 
 1 889-1 890— M. O. Roland. 
 
 1890-1891 — C. Ray Aurner. ; 
 
 1 89 1- 1 892 — R. C. Adams. 
 
 1892-1893— Thos. U. McManus. 
 
 1 893- 1 894 — John H. Fellingham. 
 
 1894-1895— L. H. Minkel. 
 
 1895-1896 — R. M. Wyant. 
 
 1896- 1897— E. L. Hollis. 
 
 1 897- 1 898— H. C. Cummins. 
 
 1 898- 1 899— W. B. Bell. 
 
 1 899- 1 900 — Leslie I. Reed. 
 
 1900-1901 — R. M. Elstes, Spring; F. H. Figert, Fall and 
 Winter. 
 
 1901-1902 — H. T. Ports, Spring; H. O. Kiesau, Fall and 
 Winter; M. S. Nelson, Summer. 
 
 1 902- 1 903 — Jay J. Jones. 
 
 1 903- 1 904 — Harry L. Eells. 
 
 Certain movements were developed under different ad- 
 ministrations, the following of which may be mentioned : 
 
 1st, As a means of financial support the association or- 
 ganized and managed a well equipped bath room under the 
 administration of President McManus. 
 
 2nd. The hand-book made its appearance during the ad- 
 ministration of President Fellingham. 
 
 3d. Cottage prayer meetings were held during the ad- 
 ministration of President Minkel. 
 
 4th. The committee on finance originated under the 
 administration of President Wyant. 
 
 5th. The personal workers' class began in the adminis- 
 tration of President Hollis. 
 
 6th. The international fund began under President 
 Cummins. 
 
 7th. A special effort for missionary work was carried 
 on under President Bell. 
 
146 IOWA STATE NORMAL SCHOOL. 
 
 8th. Prayer meetings were changed from Saturday 
 night to Wednesday night under President Reed. 
 
 9th. The Y. M. C. A. rally originated under President 
 Figert. 
 
 10th. The permanent headquarters of the association 
 were secured by President Eells, and the advisory board 
 made up of members of the Faculty, whose function is to give 
 direction and co-operation, was also developed under the 
 same president. 
 
 The plan of the organization consists in a cabinet made 
 up of the chairmen of the several committees, including the 
 president. This cabinet meets regularly once a month. The 
 number of committees has been changed from time to time 
 as the work has broadened or as activity in certain directions 
 has led to a necessity for management. At present the fol- 
 lowing committees exist: Devotional, Bible study, personal 
 work, mission study, social, membership, train, music, finance, 
 and hand-book. 
 
 The meetings that have been held regularly since the 
 beginning of the organization are in the charge of the devo- 
 tional committee. The Wednesday evening meeting of late 
 years has been the regular week-day meeting, while the Sun- 
 day evening meeting has been the joint meeting with the 
 Young Women's- Christian Association. In addition there are 
 occasional special services held on Sunday afternoons under 
 the direction of the Christian Associations, sometimes led by 
 students though frequently in charge of members of the Fac- 
 ulty or others, A series of life-work talks has been given 
 once a month during this year. These are from practical 
 men of different professions, in which they state the qualifica- 
 tions, character, opportunities for success, problems in- 
 volved, etc., of their special calling. Among these there have 
 been such subjects as "Teaching," "The Ministry," "Medi- 
 cine," "Law," "Physical Training," etc. 
 
IOWA STATE NORMAL SCHOOL. 147 
 
 The Bible study work originated early in the history of 
 the association, classes being- organized within the first year. 
 A good impetus was given to this special kind of study by 
 a visit from Dr. F. N. Seerley, at that time a secretary of the 
 Young Men's Christian Association at Davenport, but now a 
 member of the faculty of the Y. M. C. A. Training School 
 at Sprinfigeld, Mass. He spent two weeks with the associa- 
 tion and conducted special lessons every day, and gave much 
 direction and interest to the new movement. 
 
 The purpose of the association as stated by the consti- 
 tution is as follows : 
 
 "The object of this Association shall be to unite all 
 students who desire to strengthen the spiritual life and the 
 influence of the' school; to promote growth in Christian char- 
 acter and fellowship, and aggressive Christian work, espec- 
 ially by and for students; to train its members for Christian 
 service; and to lead them to devote their lives to Jesus Christ 
 where they can accomplish the most for the extension of the 
 
 kingdom of God." 
 
 The present officers are as follows : 
 
 ADVISORY BOARD. 
 
 Ira S. Condit, Harry C. Cummins, 
 
 C. P. Colgrove, G. B. Affleck, 
 
 S. F. Hersey. 
 
 Y. M. C. A. CABINET. 
 
 Executive Committee. 
 President, H. L. Bells. 
 Vice President, Carl Knock. 
 Treasurer, Kenneth Colgrove. 
 Corresponding Secretary, Geo. R. Kramer. 
 Recording Secretary, W. A. Ottilie. 
 
148 IOWA STATE NORMAL SCHOOL. 
 
 COMMITTEE CHAIRMEN. 
 
 Devotional, Ward Hannah. 
 Bible Study, John L,arsen. 
 Membership, Frank Ford. 
 Missionary, Earl Hougland. 
 Social, H. L. Eddy. 
 Music, Carl Knock. 
 Train, Kenneth Colgrove. 
 Personal Work, Albert Colgrove. 
 
 YOUNG WOMEN'S CHRISTIAN ASSOCIATION. 
 
 The Young Women's Christian Association of the Iowa 
 State Normal School was the direct result of inspiration re- 
 ceived at the joint state convention of the Y. M. and Y. W. 
 C. A. held at Des M'oines in the fall of 1886. Upon return- 
 ing from this convention, Miss Susie Mack so interested the 
 young women of this school that they organized an associa- 
 tion with Miss Sara Peters, now in the Mission work at Wau- 
 kin, China, as the first president. There were at that time 
 but two departments of work, the devotional and the mem- 
 bership. The number of young women in the school did not 
 warrant separate meetings, so 1 for two years, until the spring 
 of 1888, the Y. M. and Y. W. C. A. held their meetings con- 
 jointly. 
 
 The work earliest organized was that of Bible study. 
 This was followed by the formation of a Mission Study class 
 and Volunteer band. With this step a new committee was 
 added, and the Missionary department became a recognized 
 part of the work. Later, when the Dormitory system was 
 abandoned, and the Normal School began to spread her wings 
 over the Hill, a reception committee as added, and the year 
 1893 was made memorable by the addition of a correspond- 
 ing secretary, a treasurer, a room and a train committee to 
 
IOWA STATE NORMAL SCHOOL. 149 
 
 the fast developing cabinet. This year also' marks the first 
 delegation to< the Lake Geneva summer conference, the State 
 Normal School starting with the modest number of two rep- 
 resentatives. 
 
 In 1895 tne Sunday School work was taken up, and the 
 change of time for election of officers from May to February 
 took place. From this time on, the new cabinet begins work 
 in March. In 1896, Elizabeth Jones, the state secretary of the 
 Y. W. C. A., made her first visit, and, as a result of her work, 
 the cabinet was further expanded by the formation of a tem- 
 perance commitee. The increased interest at that time was 
 shown by the large delegation to the convention at Iowa City, 
 there being twenty-two* Normal representatives. 
 
 In the spring of 1898 three young women attended the 
 International Student Volunteer convention at Cleveland, 
 Ohio, and in the same year the personal work committee be- 
 came a part of the organization. 
 
 The first practical result of the Mission Study Class was 
 shown this year by the support of Miss Norman, secretary of 
 the Y. W. C. A. in India, in conjunction with the State Uni- 
 versity and the Agricultural College. The budget of yearly 
 expenses was at this time $275.00. The work was in fine 
 condition, the total enrollment numbering almost four hun- 
 dred and fifty. At this time a change of meetings took place. 
 The joint Wednesday evening prayer meetings were aban- 
 doned, and the regular Y. W. C. A. prayer meeting was 
 changed from Friday afternoon at three-thirty o'clock to 
 Wednesday evening from six to 1 seven, and Sunday evening 
 trom six to seven was given over toj a joint devotional meet- 
 ing. 
 
 In 1899 a new committee for the distribution of tracts 
 was appointed. The summer of 1900 witnessed the organiza- 
 tion of an association among the summer term students. In 
 the fall of that same year the association took a forward step 
 
150 IOWA STATE NORMAL SCHOOL,. 
 
 by securing" a, general secretary to oversee the entire organiza- 
 tion, and lend a helping hand to the various officers and their 
 committeemen. Miss Jean Batty of New York held this posi- 
 tion, and under her the work of the association became more 
 systematic, the Y. W. C. A. adopted a policy, the budget was 
 enlarged to* $312.50, besides the salary of the secretary, $475 - 
 which was raised by the pledge system adopted that year. 
 Under her supervision the Y. W. C. A. branched out into new 
 lines of work. A junior association was organized, the State 
 convention met with us, a convention number of the Normal 
 Byte was published by the Y. W. C. A., a building fund with 
 some $24.00' for a nest Qgg was started. 
 
 In the spring of 1901, with the increased financial re- 
 sponsibility of the association, a treasurer of the secretarial 
 fund was added to the cabinet, as was also a music chairman. 
 In the fall of 1901 an advisory board consisting of Misses Call, 
 Simmons, Lambert and Mrs. Colgrove was created for the 
 advice of the general secretary and the good of the organiza- 
 tion. Later, two more members, Misses Carpenter and Wall- 
 bank, were added to the hoard. This was a red-letter year, 
 for the Y. W. C. A. acquired a rest-room, the room occu- 
 pied by Miss Call as Latin recitation room being papered, car- 
 peted and fitted up as a parlor. From this time on it became 
 the headquarters of the general secretary, and some of the 
 association girls may be found there any time of the day. 
 
 This year the prayer meeting outgrew room A, and this 
 service was transferred to the Chapel. During this winter 
 Miss Paxson made a week's visit, Mr. S. D. Gordon conduct- 
 ed a series of eleven meetings, "The White Cross Talks" for 
 girls were held. 
 
 The association, having become a property holder, was 
 incorporated and its many worldly possessions were insured. 
 
 Miss Batty resigned in March, 1902, and in the fall Miss 
 Lillian Chantry, an Iowa City graduate, took her place. Under 
 
IOWA STATE NORMAL, SCHOOL. 151 
 
 her the work progressed and developed. Systematic giving 
 was instituted, a recognition service for new members became 
 a term event, various social functions added to the pleasure 
 and profit of all. The cabinet increased to fourteen, and great 
 stress was laid upon personal work and the individual life. Miss 
 Chantry served one year, and upon her resignation a new plan 
 was adopted, Miss Elizabeth Kaye, 1902, being elected as 
 student secretary, the plan being to devote half time to the 
 work of the association and the other time to school duties. 
 
 Today, as in years gone by, there is a great untouched 
 field which by Christian living, personal work and enthusiasm 
 for God's cause, the present association hopes to win, and by 
 this help the Y. W. C. A. of the Iowa State Normal School 
 shall be a mighty power for good. 
 
 PRESIDENTS OF THE Y. W. C. A. 
 
 1 886- 1 887— Sarah Peters. 
 
 1 887- 1 888 — Jennie Hughey. 
 
 1 888- 1889 — 
 
 1889-189O' — Luella V. Simmons 1 . 
 
 1 890- 1 89 1 — Ida Shaw. 
 
 189 1- 1892 — •Elizabeth Wyant. 
 
 1 892- 1 893 — Mae Loonan. 
 
 1 893- 1 894— Vinnie Miarsh. 
 
 1 894- 1895 — Addie Fellingham. 
 
 1895-1896 — Minnie Edwards. 
 
 1 896- 1 897 — Emma Lambert. 
 
 1 897- 1 898 — Matilda Byers. 
 
 1 898- 1 899 — Libbie Anderson, Martha Hutchison. 
 
 1 899- 1 900 — Faith Stuntz. 
 
 1 900- 1 90 1 — Ella Danskin. 
 
 1 901 -1 902 — Effa Reed. 
 
 1 902- 1 903 — Helen Davison, Minna Merriam. 
 
 1 903- 1 904 — Edna Thatcher. 
 
 ELIZABETH KAYE. 
 
152 IOWA STATE NORMAL SCHOOL. 
 
 BIBLE STUDY DEPARTMENT OF Y. M. AND Y. W. 
 
 C. A. 
 
 Systematic Bible study in the Normal School dates al- 
 most from the beginning of the Christian Associations. In 
 January, 1887, Miss Sarah Peters, '88, at present a missionary 
 in China, and Miss Emma Ridley, '88, now Mrs. C. P. Col- 
 grove, Cedar Falls, were sent by the Young Women's Chris- 
 tian Association, as delegates to the state convention at Fair- 
 field. Immediately upon their return, acting in the inspira- 
 tion of the convention, Miss Peters consulted with President 
 Seerley about the advisability of forming a class for the sys- 
 tematic study of the Bible, and asked him to take the leader- 
 ship of such a class. He consented, and on the Saturday fol- 
 lowing the convention he met in his office a small band of stu- 
 dents and inaugurated a work which has grown and gained 
 strength with the passing years, and has had a powerful influ- 
 ence for good upon the life of the school. 
 
 In these early days, as now, the Bible was studied di- 
 rectly. Outlines published by the international committee 
 of the Y. M. C. A., supplemented by outlines prepared by the 
 leader, formed the basis for the study. Two of the outline 
 books used were, "Outlines of Bible Study for the Bible 
 Teaming Class," and "Leaves From a Worker's Note Book." 
 Class divisions were made as the interest increased and the 
 present plan of organization was gradually developed. 
 
 The growth of the school and the consequent increase of 
 official duties made it necessary for President Seerley to give 
 up the leadership of the classes at the end of the winter term 
 of 1 887- 1 888. Miss Peters took charge of the work for the rest 
 of the year and carried it to a successful conclusion. 
 
 In the early part of 1888, Prof. Albert Loughridge had 
 become a member of the Faculty, coming to the school directly 
 from his service as missionary in India. At the beginning of 
 the fall term of that year the committee in charge of the Bible 
 
IOWA STATE NORMAL. SCHOOL. 153 
 
 study classes asked Prof. Loughridge to assume the duty of 
 outlining the courses of study and directing the leaders of the 
 classes in presenting the same. He consented and entered 
 upon a work lasting for ten years, at the end of which period 
 he resigned his position in the Normal School to become presi- 
 dent of Bishop College, Marshall, Texas, These ten years 
 were years of wonderful power and growth. The small pio- 
 neer band which met in the president's office increased in num- 
 bers until we find in the winter term of 1897- 1898 an enroll- 
 ment of 722, the high-water mark in point of membership. 
 The total enrollment in the school for that year was 1,321. 
 
 For the first year Prof. Loughridge dictated his work 
 and the leaders and members of classes took notes. In the fall 
 of 1889 it was thought best to put the outlines directly into the 
 hands of the students, so a hektograph was secured. Miss 
 Ridley, with Miss Ella Buckingham, '88, now Mrs. Chassell, 
 Eldora, county superintendent of Hardin county, both being 
 instructors in the school at the time of which we speak, printed 
 and prepared for distribution each week's outlines. At a later 
 date a large mimeograph was secured and a student employed 
 to print the outlines. This served until September, 1898, 
 when the offer of the Normal Byte to publish the lessons in its 
 columns and furnish additional leaflets at a certain rate, was 
 accepted. This arrangement still continues. 
 
 In the fall of 1898 Prof. C. P. Colgrove was invited to 
 assume the leadership of the classes and conducted the work 
 for three years with marked success. He was followed, at 
 the beginning of I90i-'o2, by Prof. Ira S. Condit, who is 
 still in charge. 
 
 The plan of study has varied at different stages of the 
 class history. In the earlier years the treatment was topical, 
 devoted to the great men and great truths of the Bible. Of 
 late the tendency has been toward a more intensive study of 
 great periods of the sacred history. Prof. Colgrove, in his 
 
154 IOWA STATE NORMAL 8CHOOL. 
 
 second year, gave the whole time to a study of the Life of 
 Christ, and followed with the Life of Paul in the next year. 
 The present leader has followed the same plan and is now in 
 the third year of a course which gives one year to Old Testa- 
 ment History, one to the Life of Christ and one to Apostolic 
 History. It is the plan of the committee to repeat this cycle 
 of study. One unique feature of the work is the preparation 
 of outlines adapted to the peculiar needs of this student body. 
 The committees in charge have felt that better results were 
 gained by this plan than could be expected from any of the 
 regular courses laid down by the international committee. 
 
 As at present organized the Bible Study Department is in 
 charge of a joint committee from the Y. M. and Y. W. C. A. 
 This committee attends to all the details of the work, such as 
 organizing classes and appointing leaders, securing speakers 
 for the rallies held at the opening of each term, and the finan- 
 cial concerns. A member of the school faculty, chosen by the 
 committee, prepares the outlines for the lessons and meets the 
 student leaders on Saturday mornings for an hour's study of 
 the lesson which they are to present to their classes on the 
 following morning. These classes meet in the various board- 
 ing halls at about eight o'clock each Sabbath morning during 
 the school year. At the present time, winter term of icj03-'04, 
 there are fifty classes, with a total enrollment of 519. Ex- 
 penses are met by free-will offerings taken in the classes each 
 term. IRA S. CONDIT. 
 
 THE ATHLETIC ASSOCIATION. 
 
 From the beginning of the Normal School there was 
 some interest in some kind of athletic sports, but the first sys- 
 tematic attention that was given to- a student organization oc- 
 curred March 15, 1892, when about forty of the young men 
 met and adopted a constitution and by-laws and declared 
 themselves the I. S. N. S. Athletic Association. The election 
 
IOWA STATE NORMAL SCHOOL. 155 
 
 of officers resulted in the choice of R. C. Adams, president; 
 Daniel Rhodes, vice-president; Rodney M: Arey, secretary; 
 Walter Guthridge,. treasurer; Francis Larkin and W. W. Wil- 
 son, marshals. A field meet was held that same year and a*be- 
 g inning was made in track work. 
 
 The presidents of the association since that time are as 
 follows : 
 
 1892-1893 — L. H. Andrews. 
 
 1893-1894— S. C. Smith. 
 
 1 894- 1 895 — G. W. Randlett and Charles Johnson. 
 
 1 895- 1 896 — Joseph y. Johnson. 
 
 1 896- 1 897 — N. J. I'tmbert and P. E. McClenahan. 
 
 1 897- 1 898 — James A. Mortland. 
 
 1 898- 1 899— W. G. Detwiler. 
 
 1 899- 1 900 — Arthur C. Wyant. 
 
 1 900-1 901 — Edward Vogel. 
 
 1 901 -1 902 — Charles S. Stoakes. 
 
 1 902- 1 903— J. G. Jones. 
 
 1 903- 1 904— J. N. Streff. 
 
 Tennis was recognized as an important game early in 
 the history of the association. Contests were held to deter- 
 mine superiority. Thomas, Thompson, Magee, Arey, Mc- 
 Duffie, Seerley, Christie, Joy, Hoats, Shearer and others were 
 recognized as attaining excellence and were sent to the inter- 
 -college tournament to enter for state records. Since the first 
 decade the game has. become less competitive ancj many more 
 students have taken part in it for the pleasure it gave them. 
 
 Base ball has been a school game since the opening of the 
 institution in 1876. A team for competitive games with other 
 schools has been maintained since the organization of the 
 association and the best college teams in the state have been 
 met upon the diamond and a reasonable record has been the 
 result for the several years of the school. In 1901 there was 
 developed a team that won second place in the state. 
 
156 IOWA STATE NORMAL SCHOOL. 
 
 Foot ball began in 1894, with H. O. Williams as cap- 
 tain. In 1895 more interest developed through the enthusi- 
 asm and interest of J. C. Sanders, a specially creditable team 
 being the result. In 1897 a coach was secured by the asso- 
 ciation and a winning team was the result. The first three 
 years of foot ball gave a record of eleven games won and 
 seven lost, a result that developed much school spirit. 
 
 In 1901 the board of trustees established a department of 
 physical training and called G. B. Affleck, a graduate of the 
 University of Manitoba, and also of the International Y. M. 
 C. A. Training School at Springfield, Mass., to be physical 
 director. With the coming of Mr. Affleck athletics became 
 a part of the work of physical training, and with the suspen- 
 sion of the miltary department, physical training became 
 a required part of the course of study for both men and wom- 
 en. Hence, foot ball, basket ball, tennis, hockey, base ball 
 and track work became regularly recognized parts of the 
 course of study in physical training and every student takes 
 some instruction in the particular kind that is elected. The 
 teams for competitive games are still maintained, but ath- 
 letics is today on a different basis than previously, as it is 
 not now maintained alone for the purpose of competition with 
 other schools but as a proper training for the discipline and 
 development of men and women. With the opening of the 
 new gymnasium in the fall of 1904, and with the use of the 
 superior play grounds already provided, the department of 
 physical training will be one of the best equipped and man- 
 aged in the whole country. Its course, system and plan of 
 work will be superior to those of most higher institutions 
 of learning, while the opportunity to< be trained for the voca- 
 tion of physical director will be exceptional in its privileges 
 and scientific development. 
 
 The track work of the association began in 1892 and 
 has been regularly continued since that time, closing with an 
 
IOWA STATE NORMAL SCHOOL. 
 
 157 
 
 annual field meet. This kind of athletics has assumed special 
 importance since the advent of Chas. A. Pell as assistant phy- 
 sical director, since he is a specialist as a trainer and instructor 
 in this kind of athletics and has succeeded in developing some 
 excellent candidates for honorable and superior attainment. 
 In the early history of track work J. C. Prall and George Wil- 
 son made notable records in ioo-yard dash and in bicycle 
 races, but with the advent of the department of physical train- 
 ing a new system was inaugurated and the following are now 
 recognized as the official school records: 
 
 EVENT 
 
 WON BY 
 
 YEAR 
 
 RECORD 
 
 100 yard dash 
 
 Pole vault 
 
 16 lb. shot 
 
 220 yard dash ; 
 
 F. Hamilton 
 
 1903 
 1903 
 1903 
 1903 
 1902 
 1903 
 1903 
 1902 
 1902 
 1903 
 1903 
 1903 
 1903 
 1903 
 1902 
 
 10£ sec. 
 
 J. C. Jones 
 
 J. Dunkerton 
 
 F. Hamilton 
 
 9 ft. 10$ in. 
 35 ft. 10 in. 
 23f sec. 
 
 Half mile run 
 
 D. Campbell . 
 
 2 min. 6i sec. 
 
 Broad jump 
 
 J. C. Jones 
 
 20 ft H in. 
 
 16 lb. hammer 
 
 T. E. Jones 
 
 107 ft 
 
 120 yard hurdle 
 
 High jump 
 
 440 yard dash 
 
 Discus throw 
 
 220 yard hurdle 
 
 J. E. Carman 
 
 L. G. Able 
 
 W. Panton 
 
 James Ehret 
 
 T. E. Jones 
 
 D. Campbell 
 
 J. T. Colgrove.. 
 
 Second Years 
 
 19 sec 
 5 ft 5 in. 
 52f sec. 
 96 ft. Si in. 
 28 sec. 
 
 Mile run 
 
 2 mile run 
 
 4 min. 55 sec. 
 13 min. 20£ sec. 
 
 Class relay 
 
 1 min. 42 sec. 
 
 The management of the competitive games is under the 
 control of an athletic board consisting of a committee of the 
 Faculty and the managers of the teams and the president and 
 treasurer of the athletic association. The faculty committee 
 consists of five members, and is at present : L. W. Parish, G. 
 W. Walters, J. B. Knoepfler, Ira S. Condit, H. C. Cummins, 
 and C. A. Pell. 
 
158 IOWA STATE NORMAL SCHOOL. 
 
 VOCAL DEPARTMENT. 
 
 CECILIAN CLUB. 
 
 In the fall of 1888, soon after taking charge of the de- 
 partment of music in the Normal School, Miss Julia Curtiss 
 organized a glee club of sixteen young ladies, and under her 
 careful training this organization, which took the name of 
 the Cecilian Club, soon became popular. It has existed under 
 the same name since that time, and is, therefore, the oldest per- 
 manent musical organization in the school. The selections 
 studied have always been a high grade of music. The interest 
 has increased and the work developed. 
 
 THE I. S. N. S. GLEE CLUB. (MINNESINGERS.) 
 
 The first society of male voices organized at the Normal 
 was during the year 1888 and 1889, and was known as the I. S. 
 N. S. Glee Club. It began with a charter membership of fif- 
 teen, whose names it may be of interest to note. They were : 
 L. B. Moffett, J. A. Kleinsorge, F. C. Sage, C. Ray Aurner, 
 Chas. J. Griffin, W. L. Hearst, C. E. Hearst, M. O. Roland, 
 J. I. Martin, Harry Moore, C. A. Fullerton, P. G. Fullerton, 
 N. A. Fullerton, Robert Fullerton. 
 
 This society is still in existence, being known at present 
 as Minnesingers, and has a membership of twenty. 
 
 EuTERPEans. 
 
 The second vocal club for young ladies was organized by 
 Miss Julia. Curtiss in the year 1895- 1896, under the name of 
 the Euterpeans. 
 
 THE CHORAL SOCIETY. 
 
 Under the management of Miss Julia Curtiss and Mr. 
 Robert Fullerton, the Choral Society was organized in the year 
 
IOWA STATE NORMAL SCHOOL. 159 
 
 1895-1896, with a membership of about sixty. Under the effi- 
 cient leadership of Mr. Fullerton the society made rapid 
 progress, their work in the spring of 1897 being worthy of spe- 
 cial commendation. 
 
 In the fall of 1897, C. A. Fullerton became leader. The 
 membership has increased to 160 and the work for the past 
 year has been both successful and profitable. 
 
 THE TROUBADOURS. 
 
 In 1 896- 1 897 the second male chorus was organized, 
 and is known as the Troubadours. The society is auxiliary 
 to the Minnesingers and has a present membership of thirty. 
 The gentlemen's societies are under the skillful leadership of 
 Prof. C. A. Fullerton and constitute a very proficient and inter- 
 esting part of the musical department of the I. S. N. S. 
 
 YOUNG MEN'S GLEE CLUB. 
 
 The third organization for male voices was the Young 
 Men's Glee Club, organized in the fall of 1897 by Mr. C. A. 
 Fullerton. The average membership is twenty, and the club 
 is devoted principally to ensemble work. 
 
 YOUNG LADIES' GLEE CLUB. 
 
 The third vocal organization for young ladies is the 
 Young Ladies' Glee Club, organized by Robert Fullerton in the 
 fall of 1 90 1. 
 
 ORCHESTRAL DEPARTMENT. 
 
 This department consists of a band, an orchestra and 
 a mandolin club. 
 
 THE BAND. 
 
 In the spring of 1892 J. L. McLaughlin and L. A. Wes- 
 cott conceived the idea of organizing a band. They borrowed 
 
160 IOWA STATE NORMAL SCHOOL. 
 
 some old instruments, purchased two others and the band was 
 organized in May. Aj part of the players were : Joe Vance, 
 Tuba; O. M'. Harvey, Baritone; Wesley Bley, Alto; Addi- 
 son Miller, Snare Drum ; R. ML Arey, Bass Drum ; J. L. Mc- 
 Laughlin, Solo B flat Cornet; A. L. Wescott, E flat Cornet; 
 J. P. Huggett, Alto or Tenor. 
 
 The band made its first appearance on Memorial Day, 
 1892, when it headed the cadet corps which led the procession 
 to the cemetery. The band labored under unfavorable condi- 
 tions for two< years, during which time it forced itself upon 
 the attention of the public and the Faculty to such an extent 
 that in the fall of 1894 a contribution from students, Faculty 
 and business men in the city was made for the purpose of se- 
 curing a number of new instruments. The amount subscribed 
 plus $200 appropriated by the board of directors, was suffi- 
 cient to purchase a set of sixteen instruments, most of which 
 are in use at the present time. 
 
 In the organization of the first band no one is to be given 
 more credit than its first leader, Mr. J. E. Vance, who spent 
 a great deal of time and energy with the organization and 
 made possible its present attainment. 
 
 The leaders since its organization in 1892 were J. E. 
 Vance, F. E, Gibbon, J. C. Sanders; in 1896, Professor F. A. 
 Fitzgerald was secured as instructor. The chief musicians 
 from 1896 to 1903 were J. E. Vance, C. L. Love, Geo. F. 
 Eckhard and Floyd Wiler. 
 
 THE ORCHESTRA. 
 
 The orchestra was organized in the fall of 1896 by Prof. 
 F. A. Fitzgerald, with a membership of six. 
 
 THE MANDOLIN CLUB. 
 
 The organization of the Mandolin Club is also accredited 
 to Mr. Fitzgerald. It began in 1896 with a membership of 
 five. 
 
IOWA STATE NORMAL SCHOOL. 161 
 
 THE NEWMAN CATHOLIC ASSOCIATION. 
 
 For more than fifteen years the Catholic students of the 
 Iowa State Normal School maintained an organization known 
 by the name of "The Newman Club." This club met regularly 
 during term time in the city and conducted a Bible study work 
 and kept united the religious and social interests of the Cath- 
 olic students. In September, 1903, at the opening of the 
 school year, the plan of the Newman Club was changed, and 
 a more permanent and more complete organization was per- 
 fected, a new constitution and by-laws was adopted, and of- 
 ficers were elected as follows for the fall term: Amelia Mc- 
 Donnell, president; John Donohue, vice-president; ML M. Ries, 
 chairman of executive committee ; Magdelene Feyereisen, secre- 
 tary. The title of the society as adopted became "The New- 
 man Catholic Association of the Iowa State Normal School." 
 The work is carried on by the executive committee, the chair- 
 man of that committee being the leader of the union meetings 
 held at the association room in the Normal School building, 
 Sunday afternoons, at 3 130 o'clock, during term time. There 
 are also division meetings held three times a week : Wednes- 
 days and Fridays, 3:00 to 5:00 P. M., and Saturdays, 11 :oo 
 to 12 :oo A. M., at which preparatory work is undertaken for 
 the weekly Sunday meeting for Bible study and conference. 
 
 The association has an active membership of sixty and is 
 regularly incorporated. The Bible study work is materially 
 aided by the library of the association, consisting of over three 
 hundred select volumes, and of twenty weekly, monthly and 
 quarterly periodicals specially chosen and obtained for this 
 purpose. Another distinctive feature of the association's 
 work is the propaganda of temperance as inaugurated by Mrs. 
 Lake of St. Louis, Mo., who; visited the school and addressed 
 the association November 12, 1903. Fifty new members of 
 the association have signed the total abstinence pledge since 
 January 1, 1904. 
 
162 IOWA STATE NORMAL SCHOOL. 
 
 The board of trustees of the Normal School has provided 
 temporary accommodations for the library, reading room and 
 special meetings of the association, and as soon as better ar- 
 rangements can be made a permanent room will be assigned, 
 when it will be furnished and equipped by the association for 
 the proper care of the work to be regularly maintained and 
 developed. The officers for the winter term are : J. X. Streff, 
 president; E. J. Feuling, vice-president; Amelia McDonnell, 
 chairman executive committee; Laura Cajacob, secretary. 
 
 amelia McDonnell. 
 
The Address Given at the Bartlett Anniver- 
 sary, in Honor of the Fifty Years 
 of Service to Education 
 
 (163) 
 
EDUCATIONAL RECORD OF MOSES WILLARD 
 
 . BARTLETT 
 
 CONTRIBUTED BY 
 PROFESSOR MOSES WILLARD BARTLETT 
 
 Born at Bath, New Hampshire, February 26, 1834; 
 graduated A. B. Dartmouth College, 1857; received Honorary 
 A. M., Iowa College, 1869. 
 
 Taught in Massachusetts and New York, 1854-6. 
 
 Professor of Latin and Greek, Western College, Western 
 Iowa, 1857-67. (Now at Toledo, Iowa.) 
 
 Acting president Western College, 1865-67. 
 
 Professor of Latin and Greek, Denmark Academy, Den- 
 mark, Iowa, 1867-73. 
 
 Principal of Memphis Academy, Memphis, Mo., 1873-6. 
 
 Professor of Mathematics, Iowa State Normal School, 
 1876-81. 
 
 Professor of English Language and Literature, Iowa 
 State Normal School, 1 881- 1904. 
 
 Assistant Principal, Iowa State Normal School, 1880- 
 1888. 
 
 President, Iowa State Teachers' Association, 1886. 
 
 (164) 
 
PROGRAM OF EXERCISES. 
 
 IOIOO o' CLOCK A. M. 
 
 Music. 
 
 Hymn, Selected. 
 Prayer — Professor F. C. Eastman. 
 Music. 
 
 Piano Solo, "March Grotesque". ...... Sinding 
 
 Josephine Forrest. 
 Address. 
 
 Fifty Years of Education in America and Its Results. 
 Thomas McClelland, D. D., President of Knox 
 College, Galesburg, Illinois. 
 Music. 
 
 Hymn, Selected. 
 Benediction — Professor D. S. Wright. 
 
 2 :oo o'clock p. m. 
 Music. 
 
 "Deck We Our Pathway" ................. .Schumann 
 
 The Cecilians; Mr. Robert Fullerton, Director. 
 Introductory Remarks. 
 
 Homer H. Seerley, President of the Day. 
 Address. 
 
 "The Founding of the Iowa State Normal School" 
 
 Hon. Harmon C. Hemenway, Mayor of Cedar Falls, 
 and First President of the Board of Trustees. 
 Address. 
 
 "The Early Days of the Normal School" 
 
 Professor D. Sands Wright, Member of the First 
 
 Faculty. 
 
 (165) 
 
166 IOWA STATE NORMAL SCHOOL. 
 
 Address. 
 
 "The Normal School and the State" 
 
 Hon. Edward D. Chassell, Le Mars, Iowa, Member 
 of the 30th General Assembly of Iowa, and 
 Graduate of Class 1882. 
 Music. 
 
 Priest's March, from "Athalia" Mendelssohn 
 
 The Orchestra; Mr. B. W. Merrill, Director. 
 Address. 
 
 "The School Masters of Fifty Years Ago." 
 
 Hon. Henry Sabin, Des Moines, Iowa, President of 
 Board of Trustees 1888-92, 1894-98. 
 Response — Professor Moses Willard Bartlett. 
 Music. 
 
 Selected— The Choir; Mr. C. A. Fullerton, Director. 
 Closing Prayer. 
 
 Professor W. W. Gist. 
 
 Faculty Committee on Program — Professor D. S. 
 Wright, Professor A. C. Page, Professor J. B. Knoepfler. 
 
IOWA STATE NORMAL SCHOOL. 167 
 
 FIFTY YEARS OF EDUCATION IN AMERICA AND 
 
 ITS RESULTS. 
 
 By Thomas McClelland, Galesburg, Illinois. 
 
 I deem it a distinguished honor, as it is certainly a de- 
 lightful privilege, to be present, by invitation of President 
 Seerley, to' take part in this celebration, so happily conceived 
 in honor of the man who is the center of our thought today, 
 it would be altogether in accord with my feelings to pause, 
 before entering upon the discussion of the theme assigned me, 
 tc express my sense of personal obligation to Prof. Bartlett 
 as teacher and friend. I should be glad to bear public testi- 
 mony to my regard for him as a thorough and inspiring 
 teacher as well as a loyal and constant friend, a regard which 
 the years since he so< patiently and kindly led me through the 
 mazes of my preparatory work in Greek and Latin have only 
 served to heighten. The influence, all unconscious on his 
 part, which his fine personality exerted on the students of 
 my day in Denmark Acdemy, I am sure he has never appre- 
 ciated as we have done who have received the benefit of his 
 training and the inspiration of his life. But the program 
 summons me to- another task for the present. 
 
 The fifty years covered by the work of him whom we 
 honor today mark an era of progress in many respects unparal- 
 leled in history. If Macauley could say in his time that more 
 advancement had been reached in all that makes for the better- 
 ment of humanity, in the three centuries since Francis Bacon, 
 than in all the twenty centuries since Aristotle, we may venture 
 to say today that the past half century shows more real ad- 
 vancement in the interests of mankind than all the intervening 
 vears since Lord Bacon. 
 
168 IOWA STATE NORMAL SCHOOL. 
 
 When Prof. Bartlett began his work as a teacher in 1854, 
 Garrison and Phillips were pleading the cause of the slave, 
 and on that account, even in Boston, were subjected to mob 
 violence; the name of Abraham Lincoln was scarcely known 
 outside the limits of his own state; and the rumblings of the 
 storm, which was to break in '6i, only to spend its force after 
 four terrible years of civil war had freed us as a nation from 
 the curse of slavery and ushered in the present era of material 
 progress and general enlightenment, were just beginning to 
 be heard. 
 
 It would be interesting to refer in passing somewhat in 
 detail to< our remarkable advancement since the close of the 
 rebellion, in material prosperity, in mechanical invention, in 
 business organization and in the application, on a scale hith- 
 erto unknown, of the principles of political equality, but the 
 theme holds me to> a more specific and no less interesting field. 
 
 Long before this period the principles which underlie 
 our educational progress had been clearly enunciated and even 
 the machinery for their application had been in a measure 
 designed. It has been the work of this period to apply these 
 principles and to construct and set in motion the machinery 
 for the development of an educational system which should 
 meet the conditions o<f this new country in its singular and 
 unequalled development. 
 
 How successfully this has been accomplished may be better 
 appreciated if we compare the educational conditions existing 
 fifty years ago with those which are universal today. Strictly 
 speaking, west of the Hudson river there can scarcely be said 
 to have been a public school system. The idea of public edu- 
 cation developed slowly. For fifty years it had been unfold- 
 ing in the Empire State. The coming of Horace Mann, in 
 1842, greatly facilitated the movement and a fresh impulse 
 was added by Emerson and other advocates of popular educa- 
 tion from Massachusetts. Through these influences different 
 
IOWA STATE NORMAL SCHOOL. 169 
 
 agencies were established which tended to promote general 
 intelligence and to prepare the people for a system of public 
 education which should displace the unorganized, haphazard 
 attempts at popular education then in vogue, by a general 
 free school system. Much advancement was made during the 
 decade from 1840 to' 1850. A normal school was founded at 
 Albany in 1844; district libraries were improved and multi- 
 plied; teachers' institutes were formed; and thus the fabric 
 of education was modified and extended. But the system, un- 
 familiar to the people, was still looked upon with suspicion. 
 Provision for carrying it out was grudgingly made. School 
 houses were rude and in many counties the school rate con- 
 tinued to be exacted. Parents refused to send their children 
 to free schools where they would be looked down upon as char- 
 ity students. The acceptance of the principle of free educa- 
 tion was delayed for years. A motion to provide by general 
 taxation for the education of the whole community in 1845 
 was voted down, and for another twenty years charity schools 
 were maintained. It is significant of the status of education 
 generally at this time that Horace Mann could say, under 
 these circumstances, "The great state of New York by means 
 of her county superintendents, her normal school and other- 
 wise, is carrying forward the work of public education more 
 rapidly than any other state in this or any other country in 
 the world." It was not until the experiences of the Civil War 
 had led men to appreciate more fully their own interests that 
 a system of free schools was extended over the state. The 
 first free school act was passed in 1848, through the influ- 
 ence of Clinton, Dix, Seward, Gray and an array of accom- 
 plished citizens. "But still," we are told, "it was clogged by 
 rate bills and assessments and it was not until 185 1 that the 
 principle that the state must educate all its children was passed 
 by a popular vote. This principle was, however, held merely 
 
170 IOWA STATE NORMAL SCHOOL. 
 
 as a theory until 1862, when the state again declared for free 
 education and put its decision into operation." 
 
 Perhaps there is no< better indication of the popular inter- 
 est in education than the dollar mark. Making all due allow- 
 ance for the difference in general wage rate, a brief com- 
 parison of the salaries of fifty years ago and now is interest- 
 ing and suggestive. Taking Connecticut as a representative 
 example of the highest educational standards of the day. we 
 find that the average monthly compensation of teachers in 
 winter, exclusive of board, was for males, $18.50; for females, 
 $8.20. In summer, for males, $22; for females, $7.50. In 
 some other eastern and middle states the wages averaged not 
 higher than $12 a month for males and considerably less for 
 females. The remark of a prominent clergyman in Illinois 
 may not be inapplicable here. Discussing the question of sal- 
 aries he said that in his younger days he had himself taught 
 school in a Pennsylvania district for $10 a month, and fol- 
 lowed the statement by a side remark, "'Twixt you and me, 
 'twas all the teaching was woth." 
 
 The Civil War, which bred within us a desire for large 
 enterprises, marks not only the beginning of our great ma- 
 terial and political progress, but it may also be taken as the 
 starting point of our remarkable educational advancement. 
 The tide of migration, moving constantly westward, which has 
 pushed the center of population within a hundred years from 
 a line running north and south through Baltimore, to a line 
 running through the eastern borders of Illinois, carried into 
 the west multitudes of the most industrious, intelligent and 
 enterprising citizens of the older east. They came primarily 
 to develop the boundless resources of this western country. 
 Their success in this direction need not be recited here. It 
 is the world's wonder. But they came also possessed of the 
 conviction that a state based on material prosperity alone had 
 no sure foundation, and so liberal provision has been made for 
 religious and intellectual training. 
 
IOWA STATE NORMAL SCHOOL. 171 
 
 With a hig-h sense of the importance of an intelligent 
 citizenship, the great commonwealths of the west, aided by 
 the munificent land grants of the federal government, have 
 provided without stint, for public education. Unhampered by 
 traditions they have been free to avail themselves of the best 
 that offered itself in the way of educational advancement. If at 
 times they have been too ready to adopt principles and methods 
 whose chief claim was their newness, and have now and then 
 found themselves working mere "fads," they have neverthe- 
 less developed a system of education, of the common and 
 higher grades, of which the nation may well be proud. 
 
 Private education, beginning with the earliest settlement 
 of the country, had advanced further and reached a higher 
 standard, but the history o<f our educational progress, of what- 
 ever form, presents an illustration of the fact that every great 
 and permanent thing is small and humble in its beginnings. 
 I may quote a record of a time — and that not so long before 
 the beginning of our period — "when the pride of Dartmouth 
 was a single, large, wooden building, such as we may suppose 
 to have been erected as barracks for soldiers, 150. feet long 
 and 50 feet wide. English grammar and arithmetic were text- 
 books in the sophomore year. Princeton college was a huge 
 stone edifice, its faculty consisting of a president, vice presi- 
 dent, one professor, two masters of language and 710 students. 
 Harvard had four brick buildings; the faculty consisted of a 
 president and six professors, and in its halls thronged 130 to 
 160 students. Yale boasted of one brick building, and a 
 chapel "with a steeple 125 feet high." The faculty was a pres^- 
 ident, a professor of divinity and three tutors. The greatest 
 Episcopal college in the United States was William and 
 Mary's. It had been under royal and state patronage, and 
 was, therefore, more substantially favored than most of our 
 American schools. A curious old state report described the col- 
 lege as a building of three stories "like a brick-kiln." It had 
 
172 IOWA STATE NORMAL SCHOOL. 
 
 30 gentlemen students, who lodged in dormitories, "ate at the 
 commons," and were satisfied with what we would call prison 
 diet. Breakfast, a small can of coffee, a biscuit and about an 
 ounce of butter. Dinner, one pound of meat, two potatoes 
 and some vegetables. Supper, bread and milk. The only un- 
 limited supply furnished was cider, which was passed in a can 
 from mouth to mouth. The days were spoken of as boil days ; 
 roast days; stew days, etc. 
 
 The following facts and figures are significant as showing 
 the progress of education during the period we are consider- 
 ing as compared with its former history. Fifty years ago 
 when Harvard was 217 years old, Yale 154 years old, Dart- 
 mouth, 86 years old and Williams, 62 years old, aside from a 
 limited number of "professionals," as they were termed, in 
 other schools more or less intimately connected with some of 
 these institutions, their students numbered respectively 365, 
 473, 258 and 224. In 1850 there were in all six colleges in 
 Massachusetts a total of 85 teachers and 1,043 students, with 
 a united income of $121,929. Today Harvard alone has 4,265 
 students and an income of over two millions. 
 
 But statistics after all, while furnishing a tangible basis 
 for comparison, deal only with the ^'tent. The comparison 
 which covers the intent will interest and profit us more. This 
 touches the life and methods of the schools. 
 
 The Class as a Social Unit. 
 
 If it is true, as is often asserted, that the student gains 
 more from his fellow-students through the intimate acquaint- 
 ance he gets with men of different types who have come to 
 college out of a variety of conditions, than he gets from his 
 professors or his books, it follows that anything which radi- 
 cally modifies the relations which students bear to each other 
 must have a marked effect upon the development of student 
 Iffe. Until quite recent years the class formed the social unit 
 
IOWA STATE NORMAL SCHOOL. 173, 
 
 in college life. There is evidence of its dominancy in the cus- 
 toms and ceremonials which gathered about it. The very humor 
 which characterized them lent to undergraduate life a charm 
 and individuality all its own. It came into play in the relation- 
 ship between classes and especially in prohibitions put upon 
 freshmen, ostensibly for their edification and improvement. 
 Each institution had its own methods for keeping the under- 
 classmen in their proper places. But customs of this sort were 
 only incident to the more earnest life of the college, in which 
 these class fellowships were wont to deepen and develop into 
 friendship as lasting as life. 
 
 It cannot help being a matter of regret to college men 
 who have known the advantage and the joys of such class re- 
 lationships, that the elective system is gradually doing 
 away with the college class as many of us knew it. How can 
 it be otherwise, when it can be said that at Harvard two 
 students may enter from the same school and by the same ex- 
 amination and never meet again in academic work during their 
 
 course. 
 
 Athletics. 
 
 Much has been written pro and con in regard to the subject 
 of athletics and no discussion of the progress and results of 
 education can properly proceed without a reference to this im- 
 portant question. 
 
 In their various forms athletic sports are a marked char- 
 acteristic of the past fifty years. The formative period in 
 American student athletics was from 1840 to 1870, but it was 
 some time after the athletic wave struck the college before the 
 typical athletic t games, boating, football, baseball and track 
 athletics emerged from a number of competing games such as 
 handball and cricket. I am not to be considered as a special 
 advocate of college and school athletics as at present carried 
 en, but I do not hesitate to say that with all the evils and 
 dangers attending these sports today, they are preferable to 
 
174 IOWA STATE NORMAL SCHOOL. 
 
 the state of affairs which existed in the olden times, when neg- 
 lect of the body on the part of the student was seemingly 
 scored to his credit. The vigorous exercise, which it must be 
 admitted is excessive in some of its phases, has this redeeming 
 feature, over and above any bodily advantages gained, that, 
 furnishing a natural vent for the surplus physical energy, it 
 .saves us very much of the rowdyism and immorality which 
 characterized the college life of former days. Primarily the 
 college has to do< with the soul. But in order to gain the best 
 results in this direction the body must receive its due propor- 
 tion of education. The student ought to be a better man intel- 
 lectually and morally because he is a good man physically. If 
 the ancients erred on the side of a too excessive worship of 
 physical strength and beauty, we have erred on the other side. 
 The revival of interest in athletic sports which is sometimes 
 denominated a "craze," is but an assertion of nature's spirit of 
 fairness. It needs to be restrained and guided rather than 
 suppressed. Athletics, the systematic cultivation of the bodily 
 organism, henceforth is an adjunct of every symmetrical col- 
 lege curriculum. In teaching our young men to emulate in 
 their speech the graces and effectiveness of Demosthenes let 
 us not discourage them, in their strivings after the manly 
 beauty and strength of Apollo. 
 
 Change in Methods of Discipline. 
 
 Another thing which has strongly affected the student 
 life in all our institutions of higher learning, is the radical 
 change which has taken place in the methods of discipline. 
 The result has been on the whole decidedly good. Under the 
 old regime the faculty was not only entitled "but expected to 
 exercise a parental supervision over the student. A system 
 of espionage was conducted, which resulted, "in making the 
 professors and tutors not only instructors, but policemen and 
 night-watchmen as well, who were in duty bound to capture 
 
IOWA STATE NORMAL SCHOOL. 175 
 
 and punish all rebels against the severe discipline of the times." 
 One writer testifies that no small proportion of the breaches 
 of the peace had for their sole object the drawing out of this 
 somewhat grotesque posse, wMse maneuvers around a bon- 
 fire were wont to elicit shouts oi laughter and applause by 
 the authors whom they strove in v?in to discover. 
 
 Under this system the students came to look upon the 
 faculty as their natural enemies. Hazing in its most offen- 
 sive forms flourished. Riots and open rebellions were fre- 
 quent. Something may be due to' the fact urged in palliation, 
 "that the nat ; 3nal manners of half a century ago 1 were essen- 
 tially those ot a frontier people, rude, boisterous and overas- 
 sertive." But it i°, hard to believe that the students of that 
 day were any less generous or ready to appreciate liberal and 
 fair treatment than those of the present. Instances of their 
 ready and glad response to such treatment are not wanting. 
 The system itself is accountable in large measure for the set- 
 tled hostility which for years existed between faculty and 
 students. It is related, that at Harvard frequent outbreaks 
 occurred involving large destruction of property and ev. - 
 peril of life, as, for example, the blowing up of public build- 
 ings with inhabited rooms every year. Undergraduates of 
 Yale celebrated Christmas by smashing the windows of college 
 buildings and barring doors so> fast that the professors were 
 compelled to' smash them with axes, and incidentally painting 
 the president's house red, white and blue. In the southern 
 states, there were frequent expulsions for such offenses as 
 overturning stoves, breaking windows, thieving, drunkenness 
 and personal attacks on the faculty. Not infrequently in the 
 institutions both north and south rebellions occurred which 
 seriously interrupted the work of the institution for weeks. 
 The records show that the effect of one of these at Harvard 
 was not overcome for seven years. It occurred simply because 
 the faculty decided on public examinations, a measure which 
 
176 IOWA STATE NORMAL SCHOOL. 
 
 the students contended had not been published before they en- 
 tered the institution at the beginning of the year. 
 
 We have reason to congratulate ourselves on the result 
 of the present system viewed in the light of past history. It is 
 too much to expect, that under any system of college disci- 
 pline, student life will be entirely free from irregularities and 
 sporadic cases of disorder deserving condemnation; but it is 
 great gain that these are today the exceptions, while the rule 
 ie, that good order and loyalty prevail. The result of placing 
 the student, in a more generous degree, upon his honor and 
 making him responsible, as a gentleman, for his good behavior, 
 has resulted in establishing a relation of confidence and close 
 sympathy between faculty and students, a gain, the value of 
 which is hard to over-estimate, 
 
 The Elective System. 
 
 About 1870 the elective system began its struggle for 
 recognition in the educational work of this country. It was 
 consistently and persistently opposed by the friends of the old 
 prescribed courses as an innovation which would do away with 
 the very idea of liberal education for which the college had so 
 long stood, but the times were ripe for change and gradually 
 the new order prevailed, until it has to a considerable extent 
 revolutionized the work of higher education and has found 
 its way even into 1 many high schools and other secondary insti- 
 tutions. In its origin and development it may be said to be, 
 with little error, synchronous and coextensive with the great 
 university movement which began nearly forty years ago. 
 The same impulses which started and compelled the one made 
 the other necessary. With the progress of specialization the 
 professor's chair perforce took the place of what in the former 
 times, as some one has facetiously remarked, "was not a chair 
 but a settee." With the larger choice of courses, additional 
 teaching force and larger equipment was demanded. For- 
 
IOWA STATE NORMAL SCHOOL. 177 
 
 tunately the demand produced such a display of liberality both 
 public and private as has been commensurate with the need, 
 hence the great university movement which has no parallel in 
 history. All this was inevitable. The clearer light of this 
 period has vastly enlarged our horizon; new conditions and 
 new problems have constantly confronted us. The steady ad- 
 vancement in all the departments of human knowledge called 
 for this enlargement of the scope of education. And the end 
 is not yet. Millionaires seem to be vying with each other in 
 their haste to 1 develop the old institutions and to plant and en- 
 dow the new. 
 
 With colossal fortunes apparently pledged to meet the 
 ever-expanding needs of our great private schools, "with our 
 great universities gradually shaking themselves free from the 
 restraints of poverty imposed by parsimony and political jeal- 
 ousies, and rapidly growing in breadth and strength," who 
 can enlarge his conception sufficiently to take in the magnifi- 
 cent promise of our educational future? And yet, though 
 recognizing, as every one must, the transcendent importance 
 of these great institutions, state and private, they have their 
 limitations and dangers. We may gladly place ourselves on 
 record as devoutly thankful for this wonderful development 
 of the university side of our education. But speaking in this 
 great school of the prophets, — I use the term in its primary 
 sense — it will not be out of place, if I raise a warning note 
 which may serve to guard against laying disproportionate 
 stress upon quantity to the neglect of quality. Extent and in- 
 tent are different things, and the latter in this case may easily 
 follow the law of formal logic, and its increase be inversely as 
 that of the former. Congratulate ourselves as we may, on the 
 progress of the half century which has resulted in our present 
 educational system, we cannot help the feeling that some of 
 the principles and practices of the old education which are 
 falling into disuse, might still be cherished with profit by the 
 
J» 
 
 178 IOWA STATE NORMAL SCHOOL. 
 
 new. Some of the old boys and girls find the joy with which 
 they contemplate the splendid educat'onal structures which the 
 past forty years have reared, tinged with regret, because some 
 things which helped to make the old education glorious, in its 
 way, have dropped from sight. 
 
 And now it appears that the little "red school-house," 
 dear to the memory of many, and which we fondly believe has 
 played an important part in the history of American education, 
 is soon also "to be a thing of the past." "The district school" 
 is doomed. It is to be merged, so the edict runs, in the con- 
 solidated school, composed of any number of school districts 
 from two to ten, which will gather in the pupils from an area 
 of from eight to forty square miles. The school-house instead 
 of being set at the country cross-roads is to stand in the town 
 on a pretty three and one-half acre tract, with walks and drives 
 traversing it, and dividing it into playgrounds for the different 
 grades and sexes. The building is to be equipped very much 
 as a city school is equipped and to contain many appliances 
 that will be little short of curiosities to the average country 
 pupil. Moreover, in the consolidated school each course will 
 be forwarded with the precision of clock-work. 
 
 This is all very fine. It is in keeping with the spirit of 
 centralization and consolidation so prevalent today. Doubt- 
 less it will work for good, but in the transition some things 
 of value are in danger of being lost. I must confess to a sort 
 of fellow-feeling with the editor who writes, "While the mod- 
 ern methods and up^to-date equipments undoubtedly afford a 
 means of broader education, it is to be questioned whether 
 some of the essentials are not sacrificed in discarding the 
 smaller schools with their less improved methods." Then, 
 too, his remarks about the thorough work done in the country 
 school — in the elementary branches — call up memories of some 
 of our own teachers in "district school days", who* touched 
 our individuality, and inspired us to do some things for our- 
 
IOWA STATE NORMAL SCHOOL. 179 
 
 selves, by heroic and persistent effort, which the modern 
 methods will perhaps do for us. 
 
 The resultant will no doubt be good, even though some 
 of the forces may seem to be working in the wrong direction. 
 And yet all inj all it reminds us of a tale out of Drumtoehty. 
 And a vision of the "auld schule" and "Domsie" rises before 
 us. The irony of his connection with the new order has just 
 come over Drumsheugh and he is saying: 
 
 "Think o' you and me, Hillocks, veestin' the schule and 
 stain' wi' bukes in oor hands watchin' the Inspector. Keep's 
 a', it's eneuch to mak' the auld Dominie turn in his grave. 
 T'wa meenisters cam' in his time, and Domsie put Geordie Hoo 
 or some ither gleg laddie, that was makin' for college, thro' 
 his facin's, and maybe some bit lassie brocht her copybuke. 
 Man, a've often thocht it was the prospeek o' the Schule Board 
 and its weary bit rules that feenished Domsie. He wasna may- 
 be sae shairp at the elements as this pirjinct body we hae noo, 
 but a'body kent he was a terrible scholar and a credit tae the 
 parish. Drumtoehty was a name in thae days wi' the lads 
 he sent tae college. It was maybe juist as well he slippit awa' 
 when he did, for he wud hae taen ill with thae new fikes, and 
 nae college lad to warm his hert." 
 
 The present school-house stands in an open place beside 
 the main road to> Muirtown, treeless and comfortless, built of 
 red, staring stone, with a playground for the boys and another 
 for the girls, and a trim, snug-looking teacher's house, all very 
 neat and symmetrical, and well regulated. The local paper 
 had a paragraph headed "Drumtoehty/' written by the Muir- 
 town architect, describing the whole premises in technical lan- 
 guage that seemed to compensate the ratepayers for the cost, 
 mentioning the contractor's name, and concluding that "this 
 handsome building of the Scoto-Grecian style was one of the 
 finest works that had ever come from the accomplished archi- 
 tect's hands. It has pitch-pine benches and map^cases, and a 
 
180 IOWA STATE NORMAL SCHOOL. 
 
 thermometer to .be kept at not less than 58 degrees and not 
 more than 62 degrees, and ventilators which the Inspector is 
 careful to< examine. When I stumbled in last week the teacher 
 was drilling the children in Tonic Sol-fa with a little har- 
 monium, and I left on tiptoe. 
 
 It is difficult to live up to this kind of thing, and my 
 thoughts drift to the auld schule-house and Domsie. Some 
 one with the love of God in his heart had built it long ago, 
 and chose a site for the bairns in the sweet pine woods at the 
 foot of the cart road to Whinnie Knowe and the upland farms. 
 The clearing was the playground, and in summer the bairns 
 annexed as much wood as they liked, playing tig among the 
 trees, or sitting down at dinner-time on the soft, dry spines 
 that made an elastic carpet everywhere. Domsie used to say 
 there were two pleasant sights for his old eyes every day. One 
 was to stand in the open at dinner-time and see the flitting 
 forms of the healthy, rosy, sonsie bairns in the wood, and 
 from the door in the afternoon to watch the schule skail till 
 each group was lost in the kindly shadow, and the merry 
 shouts died away in this quiet place. Then the Dominie took 
 a pinch of snufT and locked the door, and went to his house 
 beside the school. One evening I came on him listening bare- 
 headed to' the voices, and he showed so kindly that I shall 
 take him as he stands. A man of middle height, but stooping 
 below it, with sandy hair turning to* gray, and bushy eye-brow 
 covering keen, shrewd gray eyes. You will notice that his 
 linen is coarse but spotless, and that, though his clothes are 
 worn almost threadbare, they are well brushed and orderly. 
 But you will be chiefly arrested by the Dominie's coat, for 
 the like of it was not in the parish. It was a black dress coat, 
 and no man knew when it had begun its history; in its origin 
 and its continuance it resembled Melchisedek. Many were 
 the myths that gathered round that coat, but on this all were 
 agreed, that without it we could not have realized the Dom- 
 inie, and it became to us the sign and trappings of learning. 
 
IOWA STATE NORMAL SCHOOL. 181 
 
 Perhaps one ought to have been ashamed of that school- 
 house, but yet it had its own distinction, for scholars were 
 born there, and now and then to this day some famous man 
 will come and stand in the deserted playground for a space." 
 
 This is suggestive of some things in the old education 
 that we cannot afford to lose sight of in the new. It may 
 have lacked "material," but it made much of the humanities 
 and there was much that was human in it.. It stood for disci- 
 pline and character. Children of Briton, we came honestly 
 by the college idea of the past. 
 
 The English university system which served as a model 
 for our fathers, "consisted of the exact and exhaustive mas- 
 tery of certain limited sections of knowledge and thought, 
 gymnastic for all other spheres and toils." The comment 
 upon this who will gainsay : "Whatever may be our criticism 
 of the process we may not deny its singular effect. In its best 
 estate it forged many a trenchant blade. To the man who 
 asks for its monument it can well point to British thought, 
 law, statesmanship, Bacon and Burke, Coke and Eldon, Hooker 
 and Buller, Pitt and Canning, that make answer. The whole 
 massive literature of England shall respond." 
 
 If we need to justify our own past it is only necessary 
 to refer to its products — out of Dartmouth came Webster, and 
 Choate, and Chase, and your own Bartlett, and a long line of 
 distinguished statesmen, and scholars, and men of affairs, who 
 have given character and lustre to our history. Dr. Henry 
 Hopkins of Williams has called attention to the fact that the 
 chiefest glory of Harvard, Yale and Princeton are reflected 
 in the names of the men who graduated in the distinctively 
 college era, and that the older institutions will have a heavy 
 task on hand if they are to equal their early record. 
 
 This admonishes us as teachers, that we must never lose 
 sight of the essential aim of that education which has been 
 so fruitful in the past, whatever may] be the form of the ma- 
 chinery with which we are working toward it. 
 
182 IOWA STATE NORMAL SCHOOL. 
 
 The student of today should be fully awake to the wider 
 range of interests which modern life presents; he should take 
 every advantage of the superior methods and the enlarged 
 facilities offered; but he must not fail to see that the end 
 sought is the same now as always — the making of true and 
 efficient manhood. On this point Bishop Spalding uttered 
 a pertinent word, when, in speaking before a large body >f 
 public school teachers in Massachusetts recently, he said, 
 "The public schools exist not to turn out products but to set 
 up processes.' ' 
 
 This applies with equal force to all schools that stand 
 for education, as distinguished from professional or techni- 
 cal training. 
 
 I have no disposition to join in the indiscriminate cry 
 against what has been termed the new education, rather 
 would I glory in it; but there are some fundamental princi- 
 ples with which it must not interfere. Without sacrificing 
 the unity of aim and plan which enters into the true educa- 
 tional spirit there will be ample liberty for meeting the re- 
 quirements of the broader conditions which the new discov- 
 eries and the expanding thought of coming years may im- 
 pose. 
 
 THE FOUNDING OF THE IOWA STATE NORMAL 
 
 SCHOOL. 
 
 By Herman C. Hemenway. 
 
 It has seemed proper in preparing the paper upon the 
 subject assigned to me in the program of today's exercises, 
 that I give a little at length but still in outline the history of 
 the legislative proceedings by authority of which this normal 
 school was established, and the situation as it was found by 
 the directors at the time of the opening up of the school, ex- 
 tending the recital to that time when apparently the school 
 
IOWA STATE NORMAL SCHOOL. 183 
 
 was permanently established, beyond question, as an institu- 
 tion of the state to be supported bv appropriations to be made 
 by the legislature. The period embraced in this history is 
 from 1874 to the year 1882. 
 
 In this state prior to the establishment of the Iowa 
 State Normal School, but little consideration had been given 
 tc the matter of the proper education of teachers. Certain 
 desultory attempts were made in that direction, just sufficient 
 to show that a few among educators and legislators regarded 
 this as a matter 0$ some importance. There is a record that 
 many years since a school with a normal department was 
 maintained at a village in Lee county and several of the 
 earlier colleges had instructors in normal methods, 
 
 In the Code of 185 1 is a chapter establishing three nor- 
 mal schools, one at Andrew in Jackson county, one at Mt. 
 Pleasant and one at Oskaloosa. The munificent sum of Five 
 Hundred Dollars per annum was allowed for the support of 
 each of these schools. Of course, they were not maintained, 
 and dropped out. The normal departments of other schools 
 and colleges languished or were discontinued. 
 
 The teachers of all the schools of higher education and 
 the superintendents of city schools, almost without exception, 
 and most of the county superintendents were favorable to the 
 establishment and permanent maintenance of a school for 
 teachers, but never had been sufficiently impressed with its 
 importance to> take any resolute steps for that purpose. How- 
 ever, the , teachers' institute idea grew and it is safe to say 
 that before the year 1874 there was a more general feeling 
 than ever before that efficient teachers required special op- 
 portunities for instruction and training. This feeling was no 
 doubt strongest with those teachers who had in other states 
 seen the great advantage enjoyed by the specially educated 
 teacher, or from their own experience realized the want of 
 thorough and scientific preparation for their work. Thus, 
 
184 IOWA STATE NORMAL SCHOOL. 
 
 at that time there was some foundation of opinion that the 
 education of the teacher required more attention at the hands 
 of the state. 
 
 It is true that the mass of the people and a large pro- 
 portion of the legislature had no conception whatever of the 
 scope and office of such a school or of its importance as an 
 educational factor. The people in general were fairly well 
 educated to the idea of maintaining the common school, but 
 had no idea that the efficiency of the free schools of the state 
 could or should be increased. The mass of the people ap- 
 parently had no care or understanding as to that. A few, 
 no doubt, had better comprehension. 
 
 It was not a live practical question with any class, all 
 were passive. The press was largely indifferent and no doubt 
 reflected very faithfully the prevalent feeling. There had been 
 some suggestions of action in the legislature, but such propo- 
 sitions in general were committed to the committees on schools, 
 which in those days did not exercise controlling influence in 
 legislation. 
 
 The Fifteenth General Assembly which convened in Jan- 
 uary of the year named, had to consider the problem of man- 
 agement of three Soldiers' Orphans' Homes which were lo- 
 cated at Cedar Falls, Davenport and Glen wood. Of these 
 the Home at Cedar Falls was the most important and had the 
 better buildings. An unsuccessful attempt was made to con- 
 solidate these Homes at Cedar Falls and Davenport. 
 
 Black Hawk county was represented by Captain E. G. 
 Miller in the senate and C. B. Campbell and R. P. Spear in 
 the house. All were men of educational experience and all 
 knew the necessity of better advantages for teachers. Local 
 interest were involved in the question of the disposition of 
 these Homes by consolidation or otherwise. 
 
 Seeing an opportunity, these members introduced bills 
 for the establishment of a school at Cedar Falls and consoli- 
 
IOWA STATE NORMAL SCHOOL. 185 
 
 cation of the Homes at Glenwood and Davenport. The house 
 bill was referred to the committee on Normal Schools which 
 had been organized for the emergency, and although Captain 
 Spear was a member of the committee, the bill never emerged 
 therefrom and he was evidently unable to secure a favorable 
 report. Captain Miller was more successful. He secured 
 the attention of the committee but his bill was not passed. It 
 was a little skirmish in the senate, in the house scarcely so 
 much. 
 
 From the fact that so large a number of the senate held 
 over, the attempt to establish the school had some headway 
 in the session of the Sixteenth General Assembly. In the house 
 only eleven members were re-elected and the question was 
 almost entirely new. Captain Miller was in the senate and H. 
 P. Homer and H. C. Hemenway in the house from Black 
 Hawk county. 
 
 A bill was introduced by Captain Miller at an early day 
 in the session. This was similar to his bill of two years be- 
 fore. Later a bill differing in form was introduced in the 
 house. Subsequently this bill was substituted for the original 
 bill and passed both houses, being amended only as to the 
 amount of appropriations the bill carried. The bill was en- 
 titled "A Bill for an Act to Establish and Maintain a School 
 for the Instruction and Training of Teachers of Common 
 Schools." This long explanatory statement in the title of the 
 bill had its effect, as the purpose and object of the Normal 
 School at that 'dme would not have been perfectly clear to all 
 legislators. The word Normal seemed to be something of a 
 hoodoo, and besides the title indicated the express place which 
 the writer of the bill intended such . a school to take in the 
 educational system of the state. 
 
 The senate bill referred to the Normal School committee 
 was reported back with amendments and favorable recommen- 
 dation and referred with the proposed amendments to the 
 
186 IOWA STATE NORMAL SCHOOL. 
 
 committee on appropriations, and was reported back by that 
 committee without recommendation. Being made a special 
 order the bill came up for final action on the nth day of 
 March, whereupon the substitute already spoken of was of- 
 fered by Senator Miller and adopted and the bill was passed 
 under suspension of the rules by the constitutional majority 
 of twenty-six, there being fourteen nays and nine members 
 absent. Several of the absentees would, no doubt, have voted 
 aye if present. The passage of the bill at that time was a 
 close question, and to obtain the presence of the twenty-six, 
 considerable skirmishing was required on the part of the in- 
 terested members of the house, as well as Senator Miller, who 
 was unable, of course, to leave the chamber pending the con- 
 sideration of the bill. It is a notable fact that several mem- 
 bers of the senate and house as well, who then opposed the 
 establishment of a school, were afterwards, when the subject 
 was better considered and understood, firm supporters of sub- 
 sequent appropriations for its support. 
 
 The contest in the house was strenuous. The bill intro- 
 duced on the first of February was referred to the commit- 
 tee on schools, and being reported favorably on the 26th day 
 of February, was passed on file. In the meantime the senate 
 bill as passed came to the house on the 1 1 th day of March and 
 was taken up with senate messages on the 14th day of March 
 and referred to the committee on appropriations, which, on the 
 15th day of March, the last night of the session, reported the 
 same back to the house without recommendation. 
 
 At the opening of the session, it is probable that no more 
 than thirty votes could have been recorded in favor of the bill. 
 The actively interested members there were met with the ob- 
 jections that there were no funds for such purpose and that a 
 school of the kind was not properly a matter of state interest ; 
 and worse, by the want of any adequate comprehension of 
 the necessity of such a school and the work to be done. 
 
IOWA STATE NORMAL, SCHOOL. 187 
 
 Besides there was a strong local opposition to the estab- 
 lishment of the school by influential citizens of Cedar Falls 
 who thought that having a state institution it was the proper 
 thing to let well enough alone. On the other hand, the desir- 
 ability of the consolidation of the Homes had to be met, and 
 to what better purpose could the buildings at Cedar Falls be 
 put than the use of such a school ? 
 
 The school proposition received also some support from 
 members interested in the Homes at both Davenport 
 and Glen wood, who naturally feared that should con- 
 solidation come it would be at Cedar Falls instead 
 of one or both of these places. The time was oppor- 
 tune in this, that the school might be established without 
 much outlay for buildings. The majority of those locally in- 
 terested were properly encouraging the friends of the measure. 
 Hon. Alonzo Abernethy, then superintendent of public in- 
 struction, contributed his whole influence in its favor as did 
 many other school men throughout the state in their various 
 localities and with their representative members at Des 
 Moines. 
 
 To be available for use as far as practicable, an expres- 
 sion upon the subject of the establishment of a Normal School 
 was asked from a large number of school men throughout the 
 state. Answers were received from a majority of these and 
 were almost unanimously favorable, but not, on the whole, 
 evincing any very live interest in the matter. 
 
 One notable answer was made by one superintendent of 
 schools in a city in the southern part of the state, the clear 
 statement of whose views possibly contributed in some small 
 degree to his selection to a very distinguished leadership in 
 this kind of educational work! 
 
 As may well be conceived from the nature of the case, 
 the campaign was quietly conducted. It was man by man; 
 answer to arguments; explaining this, explaining that, and 
 
188 IOWA STATE NORMAL SCHOOL. 
 
 practically but little could be done upon the floor of the house. 
 Here it may be well to say that the establishment of the school 
 was in no sense the result of any combination or trade of any 
 character whatever. The vote by which the bill was passed 
 was the expression of the deliberate judgment of the members 
 of the house. 
 
 The bill escaped the sifting committee by reference to 
 the committee on appropriations and as it carried an appro- 
 priation it became privileged. The chairman of that com- 
 mittee was something more than opposed to the measure, and 
 during the consideration of appropriation bills on the 15th of 
 March was especially requested to report the bill to the house 
 in the early part of the evening while all the members were 
 present. This he refused with an appearance of satisfaction 
 that the bill would be easily beaten in a thin house, fifty-one 
 votes being required to pass it. 
 
 Quite a large number of bills carrying appropriations 
 were reported back and disposed of. This bill was the last in 
 the hands of the chairman. In the small hours of the morn- 
 ing he reported the bill without recommendation. The rule 
 was suspended and the bill placed upon its passage. The vote 
 being taken, the result was 48 for, 35 against and 16 absent. 
 So the bill was lost. Motion being immediately made for 
 reconsideration, the friends of the bill commenced to hunt up 
 the absentees of whom enough were brought in from different 
 parts of the building so that when the vote was taken the re- 
 sult was 52 for, 33 against and 14 absent, a gain of three 
 members from the absentees and the vote of the member who 
 voted against the measure in order to move a reconsideration. 
 The real vote which the measure was to receive was not known 
 to its friends, many of whom fiad become much interested in 
 the fate of the measure and was a great surprise to those or>- 
 posed. The scene was dramatic. The minority protested that 
 the vote was not correctly reported by the clerk and demanded 
 
IOWA STATE NORMAL SCHOOL. 89 
 
 a new vote, which the speaker, Governor Gear, refused ; the 
 clerk verified his count and the first effective step was taken 
 in the establishment of a school. 
 
 The bill appropriated $14,500 for the entire expenses of 
 the school for two years, turned over the buildings and 
 grounds at Cedar Falls together with all the personal prop- 
 erty and portions of the library not necessary for the use of 
 the Home at Davenport. 
 
 The Governor appointed as members of the first Board 
 of Directors, Hon. E. H. Thayer, GifTord S. Robinson and H. 
 C. Hemenway, who had been members of the house, Major 
 S. G. Smith, L. D. Llewelling and William Pattee. At the ap- 
 pointed time in June the Board duly organized and proceeded 
 to take possession of the property. The meager amount al- 
 lowed for the purpose of repairs became more painfully ap- 
 parent when the building was deserted by the people of the 
 Home. 
 
 It is the truth to say that no portion of the building was 
 proper and suitable for the purposes of the school, although 
 the building had been constructed upon plans furnished by the 
 contractor for the erection of the building, A. D. Barnum, 
 which at the time he formed with reference to its use for the 
 purpose of a Normal School. Later William Pattee was ap- 
 pointed the steward, Mrs, P. A. Schemerhorn matron, and 
 after the making of such repairs as could be covered by the 
 amount of the appropriation, the school opened in September 
 with these teachers: 
 
 J. C. Gilchrist, Principal; M. W. Bartlett, D. S. Wright 
 and Miss Frances L. Webster, in various departments. 
 
 The description of the early days of the school, the dif- 
 ficulties encountered by these teachers, is assigned to another, 
 although there is very much of reminiscence connected, with 
 the work which would probably be more interesting to those 
 immediately concerned than to this audience, although I may 
 
190 IOWA STATE3 NORMAL SCHOOL. 
 
 here express* my sincere regard for and appreciation of the 
 services of all these persons so intimately connected with the 
 school at that time. 
 
 Though the school had been opened and in successful 
 operation at the opening of the Seventeenth General Assembly 
 in 1878, the contest was not over. A new body of men occu- 
 pied the house and, as before, the legislative storm center was 
 there, and it came over the appropriation bill. 
 
 Lore Alford and Jeremiah Gay were the members of the 
 house from Black Hawk county, and upon them largely fell 
 the work in behalf of the appropriation. As in the preceding 
 session, the work had been as described with comparatively 
 little of debate, in this session the contest was upon the floor 
 .of the house. Several of the strongest members and best de- 
 baters waged a vigorous opposition to the measure. Mr. Al- 
 ford, however, had about him a coterie of capable workers, and 
 at the close of a very vehement debate, characterized by great 
 want of knowledge of the necessities or purposes of the school, 
 the appropriation passed by a vote of 56. The amount was 
 $13,500, enough for bare existence. 
 
 . In 1880 the school received appropriations of $17,700, 
 rather grudgingly given, but still with less opposition than 
 had been met with before. 
 
 In 1882 the Assembly, after considerable debate, made an 
 appropriation of $15,500 for teachers' salaries, $2,000 repairs 
 and improvements, $1,000 library and apapratus, $1,000 con- 
 tingent expenses and $30,000 for the erection of a new build- 
 ing. The appropriation of this money for the new building 
 may be said to mark the end of opposition to the school and 
 to the making of appropriations for its proper maintenance. 
 The school was then for the first time sure of life and the op- 
 portunity for growth. It became in every sense a state insti- 
 tution and worthy and entitled to receive full financial sup- 
 port. 
 
IOWA STATE NORMAL SCHOOL. 191 
 
 Since then the question has not been, whether or not any- 
 thing should be given, but what is the reasonable and proper 
 amount to appropriate. By the passage of this appropriation 
 the school was assured of not only support but growth and 
 enlargement. The school was founded. 
 
 THE EARLY DAYS OF THE NORMAL SCHOOL. 
 By Professor D. S. Wright. 
 
 In the annals of the Iowa State Normal School, when- 
 ever written, there are certain names that are sure of a per- 
 ennial place. They bear to it the same relation as do the 
 names of Washington, Franklin and Hancock to the Ameri- 
 can Republic, or the names of Briggs, Grimes and Kirkwood 
 to the commonwealth of Iowa. 
 
 Among these may be named the gentleman who has just 
 preceded me, Mir. H. C. Hemenway, the now honored mayor 
 of our city, but for whom, this locality, though it might have 
 been the site of a mad-house, an infirmary or an inebriates' 
 home, would most probably never have been the seat of a 
 great educational institution. Inspired by zeal for the cause 
 of pedagogical education in the state and by loyalty to the 
 town of his adoption, through tireless efforts against great 
 odds in the General Assembly, he secured the establishment of 
 the institution at Cedar Falls, and won for himself the title 
 of "Father of the Normal School." 
 
 Another was Professor J. C. Gilchrist, who presided 
 over the destinies of the institution during the first ten years 
 of its history — a great-hearted, great-brained, full-blooded 
 Scotchman, with all the faults, and with all the excellencies of 
 his race. The good that men do lives after them — the world 
 has evolved since Caesar's time — the good that men do lives 
 after them, the evil is often interred with their bones; so let 
 it be with Gilchrist. 
 
192 IOWA STATE NORMAL SCHOOL. 
 
 Another was Miss Frances Lillian Webster, now Mrs. 
 Frances Webster Fish, of Martinez, California. An accom- 
 plished woman, and an enthusiastic teacher, a graduate of the 
 State Normal School at Potsdam, New York, she brought 
 to her work all that was newest and best in methods of in- 
 struction. 
 
 And there's a nice youngster of excellent pith, — 
 Fate tried to 1 conceal him by naming him — (Moses), 
 You hear the boy laughing; you think he's all fun; 
 But the angels laugh, too, at the good he has done ; 
 The children laugh loud as they troop to his call, 
 And the students he's helped, laugh the loudest of all. 
 
 However well adapted the venerable and storm-scarred 
 North Hall may have been for the purpose of a Soldiers' Or- 
 phans' Home, it was very ill adapted to the needs of an edu- 
 cational institution. 
 
 Prior to the organization of the school in 1876, with lim- 
 ited appropriations of funds at the command of the Board of 
 Trustees, long and narrow dormitories were converted into 
 recitation rooms, and the principal school-room of ''The 
 Home" was extemporized into an auditorium with a seating 
 capacity of about one hundred people. The institution was 
 practically without a library and without apparatus. One of 
 the first official acts of Professor Bartlett and myself was to 
 go through the old library inherited from the soldiers' or- 
 phans and select such books as might be desirable to form the 
 nucleus of a library for the new institution. We found it a very 
 orthodox collection, made up for the most part of Sunday 
 school books of the kind in vogue at that time. We succeeded 
 in rescuing Franklin's Autobiography, The Life of Daniel 
 Boone, Bunyan's Pilgrim's Progress, the Dairyman's Daugh- 
 ter, and a few other English classics of like character. Among 
 the more valuable pieces of apparatus were an old and rickety 
 
IOWA STATE NORMAL. SCHOOL. 193 
 
 Holbrook tellurian, a wheezy air-pump, and a rubber arrange- 
 ment with a graduated scale for testing lung capacity. Sur- 
 rounded by these and like discouragements, in the face of open 
 hostility from many sources, in the face of an indifferentism 
 on the part of the public that was worse than open hostility, 
 the foundation of the State Normal School was laid ; laid not 
 with the sound of hammer and trowel, for the building to be 
 erected was a spiritual and not a material structure. 
 
 Institutions like men, have souls as well as bodies; and 
 the essential, vital part of the institution or the man, is the 
 soul and not the body. No man ever saw his friend ; he only 
 saw the house in which his friend lived ; for man is essentially 
 soul, and soul is what the physical eye hath not seen, nor the 
 physical ear heard. By a like metonymy, men riding on the 
 railway, point to> this pile of buildings and say "That is the 
 State Normal School." They are wrong. They are substi- 
 tuting matter for spirit, the seen and the temporal for the un- 
 seen and the eternal. The spirit of the school, the spirit that 
 is the school, is the spirit of the teacher, an inspiration, an in- 
 breathing of the enthusiasm, of the soul of the instructor, 
 into the soul of the instructed. 
 
 It is my glad privilege this afternoon to> congratulate 
 Professor Bartlett, my friend, co-worker, brother, that he has 
 been permitted not only to assist in the laying of the corner- 
 stone of this spiritual building, but to have so great a 
 part in the rearing of the superstructure. I know him too 
 well, I have touched elbows with him too often, to- believe for 
 a moment that super-eulogistic words from my lips would be 
 acceptable to him on this occasion. His work for this insti- 
 tution, how he has not withheld to give himself for its pros- 
 perity and the prosperity of its students, and the results of his 
 sacrifice and labors; behold, are they not written in the lives 
 and the successes of the graduates and the undergraduates of 
 the school, who have caught somewhat of his spirit and re- 
 
194 IOWA STATE NORMAL SCHOOL. 
 
 produced it in their own teaching, who have received from 
 him about the only thing that any teacher in any school can 
 impart to any pupil, inspiration to be, to do and to bear. 
 
 In conclusion, let me sum up my estimate of the man 
 we honor today, in the words of Henry Fielding : 
 
 "Genteel in personage, conduct and equipage; noble by heri- 
 tage, generous and free; 
 
 Brave, not romantic; learned, not pedantic; frolic, not fran- 
 tic, — all this is he. 
 
 Honor maintaining, meanness disdaining, still entertaining, 
 engaging and new; 
 
 Neat, but not finical; sage, but not cynical; never tyrannical, 
 but ever true." 
 
 THE NORMAL SCHOOL AND THE STATE. 
 By Hon. B. D. Chassell. 
 
 When the invitation to appear here reached me from 
 President Seerley, I experienced a rush of warm and pleasant 
 recollections, and, on the impulse of the moment, I accepted. 
 I thought of the old school with 300 students, of an informal 
 meeting with a few old friends, and perhaps an off-hand five- 
 minute talk at the close. 
 
 I did not stop to realize that the school had reached such 
 proportions that this elaborate affair would assume the dignity 
 of a state function and that I would be associated on this pro- 
 gram with such distinguished gentlemen as those who have 
 preceded me, or the veteran educator and scholar of national 
 reputation and fame who will follow. - 
 
 When the gavity of the situation dawned upon me, I was 
 in very much the frame of mind of an Asiatic traveler who 
 with two companions was journeying across the shah's do- 
 minions. The party was made up of a bald-headed merchant, 
 a barber and the shah's court fool. At the inn where they 
 
IOWA STATE NORMAL SCHOOL. 195 
 
 stopped for the night the natives evinced such interest in their 
 property that they were afraid they would be robbed while 
 sleeping. It was therefore agreed that they would take turns 
 in watching. The barber was to take the first watch, the fool 
 the second and the bald-headed merchant the last. After the 
 others had retired the barber found time dragging heavily, 
 and as a pleasant diversion he shaved the head of the slum- 
 bering fool. When he wakened the fool to take his turn, 
 that gentleman rubbed his head and was astounded. "Why/' 
 he exclaimed, "the careless barber has made a mistake and 
 wakened the bald-headed merchant when he should have 
 wakened me." It seemed to me that a mistake had been made 
 in awakening the wrong man for this program. 
 
 But I could not think of any creditable excuse for backing 
 cut. I didn't want to be innoculated for the smallpox nor to 
 organize for an attack of the dilerium tremens. I could not 
 arrange for a railway wreck at the proper time, and — I wanted 
 to come. I wanted to visit old friends and to greet new ones, 
 to view again the scenes of school day experiences, and more 
 than all these, yes, a thousand times more, did I wish even 
 in the most humble way to show my appreciation of the worth 
 of the distinguished gentleman and scholar whom we are 
 today met to honor. 
 
 It was more than twenty-four years ago when first I en- 
 tered Professor Bartlett's classes, and the respect and love 
 which I have ever had for him has never been diminished 
 through all the years. Hundreds of students have found him 
 a true friend and careful counselor, not only in. class-room 
 duties but in the wider affairs of life as well. A thousand 
 silken threads of affection have been spun from Memory's dis- 
 taff to bind the hearts of the old students to him whom we 
 delight to honor today and for whom this celebration is en- 
 acted. I want to testify to the rare worth of a life that has 
 been beautiful in itself and uplifting to its fellows. Such an 
 
196 IOWA STATE NORMAL, SCHOOL. 
 
 event as this we celebrate today is not duplicated in all the 
 history of education. It may be centuries before the circum- 
 stances and the man will arise to make its equal possible. 
 Fifty years of a merchant's life may mean at most the hoard- 
 ing of a few millions. Fifty years of a soldier's life may 
 mean victories on the field of carnage and fame in the world 
 of military glory. Fifty years of a stateman's life may mark 
 great national aggrandizement and the extension of national 
 domain. The merchant's millions will be scattered and van- 
 ish under the hand of succeeding generations. The substan- 
 tial results of the soldier's achievements may crumble and dis- 
 appear under the corrosive action of the current of history like 
 the sandy banks of a mighty river. The statesman's territory 
 may be assimilated by the diplomatic triumphs of a rival 
 nation. But fifty years of a teacher's life sets in motion the 
 currents of thought in countless minds. The influence con- 
 tinues on and on through time, leading on to greater and still 
 greater results. 
 
 The ordinary working period of a man's life is less than 
 twenty-five years, but here is an exceptional example of bril- 
 liant intellect and tireless energy devoted for a half century 
 to the uplifting of humanity. I know of no life work equal 
 to it for benefits to the race. Perhaps the career of the devout 
 and self-sacrificing missionary in the wild haunts of savage 
 tribes might be considered the nearest approach to this in 
 achievements for the enlightenment of mankind, but the mis- 
 sionary has to 1 work with coarse material ; his labors are with 
 intellects incapable of high polish or temper; while the teacher 
 in an enlightened land moulds minds of steel, susceptible of 
 high polish and temper, — capable of being made the edge- 
 tools and mainsprings of our civilization. 
 
 The origin of this school has been most modestly de- 
 scribed by the honorable gentleman whose personal victories 
 and ability have been kept in the background by his mod- 
 
IOWA STATE NORMAL SCHOOL. 197 
 
 esty, the man who secured the passage of the act which gave 
 to Iowa its only State Normal School. How even his tireless 
 energy, patriotic devotion and suave diplomacy secured its 
 passage, it is difficult now to comprehend. To my personal 
 knowledge since that time, within the past twenty years, near- 
 ly a hundred bills have been presented asking for the estab- 
 lishment of Iowa State Normal Schools. Not one of them 
 has reached the governor, and only two or three have suc- 
 ceeded in passing one of the branches of the general assem- 
 bly. It takes a careful study of the records of the general 
 assembles that have succeeded the Sixteenth to fully com- 
 prehend and appreciate the debt which Cedar Falls and the 
 the state of Iowa owe to Hon. H. C. Hemenway. 
 
 The beginning was small. How well the old students 
 remember that even four or five years after the founding of 
 the institution, one of the most frequently consulted refer- 
 ence works in the little library, after the encyclopedia and the 
 dictionary, was a series of bound volumes of Harper's Month- 
 ly, then the most exhaustive, convenient and recent source of 
 information we had on miscellaneous litreary, scientific and 
 historical subjects. 
 
 A skeleton suspended from a convenient hook behind 
 the door of the assembly room' and enveloped in a sheet when 
 not on dress parade for class use, comprised all of the stage 
 property of the biological department. This character, the 
 gentleman without his enveloping integuments, was affection- 
 ately called Old Dan by the boys of that era. There was no 
 skeleton in the closet of the institution in those days, for two 
 reasons: this public skeleton was the only one that the insti- 
 tution could afford, and there was no closet. Since the school 
 has grown to its present vast proportions and is the possessor 
 of many closets, I understand that all obscure niches where 
 they might abide are now treated with a sort of mental for- 
 maldehyde, technically known to> school science as esprit du 
 
198 IOWA STATE NORMAL SCHOOL. ' 
 
 corps, and no self-respecting skeleton now dares to venture in. 
 
 We were not without the proper school spirit then, but 
 we lacked the force of numbers and the weight of many other 
 attributes that come only with long established associations 
 and success. 
 
 From these small beginnings, under the moulding hand 
 of this master architect (President Seerley) has arisen the 
 greatest normal school in America, and because the greatest 
 in America, the greatest in the world. During the first years 
 of its existence the school had to fight for life and recogni- 
 tion. The second appropriation was a thousand dollars small- 
 er than the first. Normal teachers were met by prejudice 
 and had to 1 search for positions. Now that the public has been 
 convinced by the substantial merit of the work performed, the 
 school is recognized as a leader and its graduates are in con- 
 stant demand. 
 
 A few days ago the president of the school board of one 
 of Iowa's most prosperous young cities showed me a telegram 
 to the effect that the principal of the high school would vacate 
 his position on the first of February. I asked him if he de- 
 sired to make any inquiry in Des Moines for candidates for 
 the position. "Oh, no/' he replied. "We never bother to 
 make any inquiries. When we need teachers we always send 
 to President Seerley and tell him what we want, and we are 
 never disappointed in either the supply or the quality." 
 
 During the first twenty years of its existence the ap- 
 propriations for this institution were very small, but I doubt 
 if there is any other state school of any kind in America that 
 accomplished so much for so little money. If we are to be- 
 lieve that "money talks," the state of Iowa has in the last few 
 years begun to understand and appreciate the achievements 
 of this normal school. The appropriations have been in- 
 creased and the institution has been enlarged far beyond the 
 dreams of its founders. And this, too, as a simple recogni- 
 
IOWA STATE NORMAL SCHOOL. 199 
 
 tion of merit, because, be it said to its credit, and to the credit 
 of this board of directors, this school has never maintained a 
 lobby at the capital. 
 
 "Governments are necessities arising from the ignorance 
 and selfishness of mankind," says a well-known writer. "That 
 people are best governed who are least governed," is an axiom. 
 The history of civilization shows that the broadening and 
 uplifting effects of popular education reduce the necessity and 
 expense of much governing. Not that greater license is per- 
 mitted, not that the iron hand of the law shall be less strong, 
 but that it becomes unnecessary for the neck of the individual 
 to be continually galled by the grasp of the mailed ringers of 
 authority. An intelligent people can govern themselves, none 
 other can. 
 
 The practical experience of nations demonstrates that 
 popular education reduces pauperism and crime and contrib- 
 utes to the general welfare. While this doctrine was disputed 
 a hundred years ago, it is not necessary to adduce statistics 
 to prove its correctness to an Iowa audience of the twentieth 
 century. 
 
 A more general comprehension of these principles in the 
 early part of the nineteenth century caused a great educa- 
 tional awakening and the birth of the common school system. 
 The expenses of the common school system are enormous. 
 In Iowa alone the annual cost now exceeds ten million dol- 
 lars, while in the United States the amount expended each 
 year is in excess of two hundred thirty-five million dollars. 
 But experience has demonstrated that this is less costly than 
 ignorance. A strong teacher is the first essential of a good 
 school. With the development of the school system naturally 
 the business-like proposition became apparent that to increase 
 the efficiency of the teachers would greatly enhance the re- 
 sults of the vast expenditures for school purposes. The nor- 
 mal schools were the outgrowth of this idea. The innovation 
 
200 IOWA STATE NORMAL, SCHOOL. 
 
 of professional schools for teachers, like all progressive move- 
 ments, met long established prejudices and the jealousies of 
 the old schools. Even a Boston school committee objected 
 to normal training because "such training would lead to re- 
 peated experiments with new methods." Truly, the early his- 
 tory of normal schools is as that of a river running up hill 
 against the winds of prejudice. Seventy-five years ago there 
 were no state normal schools in America ; fifty years ago there 
 were six, and now there are one hundred and sixty-six. The 
 normal schools are the edge-tool factories of the educational 
 S3^stem, where the effective instruments are fashioned and 
 sharpened for the work. 
 
 It takes years of technical training under the best of 
 special instructors to enable a man to make and operate an 
 electric engine, the highest type of mechanical construction. 
 The teacher is called upon to take the raw material and from 
 it to produce a product which is a thousand fold more com- 
 plicated, a cultured and upright, patriotic citizen. The pro- 
 gressive state, as one of its first duties, needs, therefore, to 
 see that thorough professional training is afforded to the 
 teacher, that the product of his instruction may turn out to 
 be a benefit and a blessing and not a Frankenstein creation. 
 
 Every year brings to our shores hundreds of thousands 
 of homeseekers. Nearly all these are good material for patri- 
 otic, liberty loving citizenship. But a large proportion come 
 from countries where there is little or no educational, com- 
 mercial or political progress; where the nineteenth century 
 closed with practically the same social conditions as marked 
 the ending of the eighteenth. Splendid strong men and wom- 
 en they are, with good principles, intelligent minds, and 
 patriotic ambitions, but they have been held down by the 
 conditions of the old civilizations. 
 
 The public school system is the great transforming mill 
 through which the ceaseless tide of immigration flows. One 
 
IOWA STATE NORMAL. SCHOOL. 201 
 
 generation of American life shows more progress than a cen- 
 tury in the lands from whence they came. In several places 
 in the Mississippi valley there are communities where twenty- 
 live years ago the first settlers lived as their ancestors across 
 the Atlantic had lived for two hundred years, with the horses 
 and the cows and other domestic animals under the same roof 
 with the family, and that roof thatched with marsh grass. 
 Today the sons and daughters of those households are the 
 leaders of their communities. They live in fine houses, they 
 own large farms and drive splendid horses. They are the 
 lawyers and the doctors and the office holders and the school 
 teachers of their localities. Libraries and pianos and pictures 
 adorn these homes, and when their children return from col- 
 leges and normal schools for the Christmas vacation, they 
 gather around the fireside to listen to the grandsire's tales of 
 the distant and different land from whence he came. 
 
 A few years ago a cloud no larger than a wing of a sky- 
 lark appeared on the clear sky of our industrial horizon. It 
 fluttered and disappeared and appeared again. It has grown 
 and spread until the labor disputes now at times threaten to 
 shut out the sunshine of our industrial and commercial prog- 
 ress. The American people have reached the conclusion that 
 an honestly and fairly discriminating intelligence must be 
 the arbiter when capital and labor disagree. A regiment of 
 regulars with riot guns might compel a temporary peace, but 
 it will take a regiment of school teachers to secure permanent 
 tranquility. They can instill the true doctrine of the rights 
 of the individual and at the same time the knowledge of the 
 stern necessity of recognizing the rights of others. 
 
 These are among the many grave questions that confront 
 us. With every change in social, political and commercial 
 conditions other differences will arise which must be recon- 
 ciled. Every decade brings its social and governmental per- 
 plexities. The victories of liberty in the past have mainly 
 
202 IOWA STATE NORMAL. SCHOOL. 
 
 been won by the sword of battle; the contests of the future 
 will be fought with the lance of the intellect. 
 
 The Christian teachers, the trained teachers, the Normal 
 trained teachers, must be the drillmasters for that army which 
 is to wage the wars of the future. 
 
 Upon the teacher are imposed grave responsibilities. He 
 is. in fact, a public official. His relations to the public are 
 more exacting and intimate and as far-reaching as those of 
 judge or legislature. The teacher must instruct not only in 
 the ordinary academic branches and moral virtues, but also in 
 the duties of citizenship. It is not enough that a man be cul- 
 tured and morally upright to be a good citizen. For a gov- 
 ernment of the people must be by the people. The man who 
 voluntarily disenfranchises himself is not a good citizen. The 
 stay-at-home vote is a menace to free institutions and pure 
 politics. The cultured gentleman who wraps his self-woven 
 robe of hypocritical sanctity about him and declines to partici- 
 pate in the affairs of the community which sustains his liber- 
 ties and guards his property is a coward and deserves to be 
 held up to public scorn. He is of no more use to the com- 
 munity and the cause of good government than the holy 
 man of the Himalayas in the seclusion of the inner room of 
 his mountain cavern murmuring to himself the sacred pre- 
 cepts of the Paranas while ignorance and misery and crime 
 riot at his threshold. 
 
 The laurels of the great military commanders sometimes 
 crumble to dust and are scattered. But the unostentatious de- 
 votion of the patriotic teacher who drills the growing citizen 
 in civic duties and inculcates a loyalty to country, love for 
 American institutions and above all, fearlessness to act, is 
 worthy of the victor's wreath of perpetual beauty. 
 
 It was my fortune on a stormy day in autumn to visit 
 the battlefield of Gettysburg. As we stood on a grassy knoll, 
 the guide told of the sharp engagement that had taken place 
 
IOWA STATE NORMAL. SCHOOL. 203 
 
 there and of the dauntless bravery of the Union troops who had 
 occupied and held the position though scores were wounded 
 and slaughtered by the distant superior long-range batteries 
 of the enemy. Although the short range of their own cannon 
 rendered it impossible to reply to the storm of shell and solid 
 shot which swept them with the hail of death, they did not 
 flinch nor retreat, but held the position and repelled the at- 
 tack. When re-enforcements arrived there were not many 
 left to tell the story. It was one of the most pathetic and 
 glorious incidents of that great battle. I noted at the top of 
 a tall flagstaff a faded remnant of red, white and blue en- 
 crusted with the ice and snow of autumn. The guide ex- 
 plained that the survivors of that engagement had formed an 
 association and endowed a perpetual fund and that every year 
 a new banner is hoisted to honor the brave fallen comrades 
 and to show the world that the spirit of liberty and union, 
 which in that great battle turned the current of the world's 
 history, will never die. Unlike the war against slavery and 
 secession, in the conflict against ignorance and vice there can 
 be no signal victory like that of Gettysburg to turn back the 
 tide forever. In this never-ending warfare, the state de- 
 mands that every citizen be prepraed to aid in holding the 
 outposts, to see that there is no retreat and that the flags are 
 perpetually unfurled. 
 
 THE SCHOOLMASTER OF FIFTY YEARS AGO. 
 
 By Henry Sabin. 
 
 Did you ever keep a district school and "board 'round"? 
 If you never did, your early education was sadly neglected. 
 Perhaps some time in the course of the week some little boy 
 comes to the desk — "Say, Master, my mamma wants you to 
 board at our house next week. We are going to kill hogs 
 
204 IOWA STATE NORMAL SCHOOL. 
 
 tomorrow, and she says you may as well come then as any 
 time." So Monday night you cover up the fire so that it will 
 be sure to keep, and you go out to seek your boarding place, 
 perhaps to a house in the farthermost corner of the district, 
 wading through snow up to your knees. The family live in 
 the kitchen, but it is warm. For supper you have "cold vic- 
 tuals," beef, pork and vegetables of various kinds. You wash 
 it down with corn coffee, not as bad a drink as acorns and 
 chicory; or maybe hard cider. After supper you play with 
 the babies, help the boys and girls do their sums, play check- 
 ers with the hired man. By the way, I wonder what has 
 become of the good old game of "Three Men Morris," or 
 "Fox and Geese"? You talk a while with the old farmer, 
 politics or religion, and then, lighted by a tallow candle, you 
 make your way to the spare room. The bed was made up in 
 August and there is no convenience in the room for a fire. 
 Your fingers are numb, but you manage to undress, in part 
 at least, and crawl in between the sheets. Now comes the 
 tug of war, "the battle royal." Did you ever shiver yourself 
 warm? The more intense the cold, the more you shiver. 
 Your teeth chatter, the cold chills run up and down your back, 
 you curl yourself up into the smallest possible space, but after 
 a time, through the very intensity of your sufferings, the per- 
 spiration starts and you drop asleep* — you have actually shiv- 
 ered yourself warm. But the ordeal is not yet through. You 
 are dreaming of home and comfort when someone sets the 
 candle inside the door and you hear the still, small voice, "It 
 is time to get up; breakfast is most ready." You pull your- 
 self out of bed; luckily half your clothes' are already on, and 
 in a short time you are down stairs. For breakfast you have 
 buckwheat cakes, hot from the griddle, New Orleans mo- 
 lasses, sausage, homemade, and again corn coffee. When you 
 start for school the stars are still shining. You enter the 
 school-room, rake open the coals, throw on the dry kindlings, 
 
IOWA STATE NORMAL SCHOOL. 205 
 
 and soon the stove is red-hot. Now the sun peeps in at the 
 windows. You thaw out the ink, and you have your copies 
 all set by the time the boys and girls begin to come. 
 
 This is what it meant to keep school at "eleven dollars 
 a month and board ' round.' ' The old-fashioned schoolmas- 
 ter would follow it up for four months and come out in the 
 spring with unruffled temper and unimpaired digestion. 
 Verily, "there were giants in those days." 
 
 The old-fashioned schoolmaster could read and write 
 and cipher, and although he knew nothing of phonetics, he 
 could spell all the words in Webster's Old Blue Spelling 
 Book. He could parse the most intricate sentences in Mil- 
 ton's Paradise Lost or in Pope's Essay on Man. From a 
 goose quill he could manufacture a pen equal to the finest 
 steel pen of today, and although he knew nothing of the Sp'en- 
 cerian slant, or the perpendicular style, he could neverthe- 
 less set a fair round-hand copy which our high school boys 
 and girls would do well to imitate. He knew little of what 
 we call didactics and less of psychology, but he was a master 
 hand at manual training, as many a mischievous urchin bore 
 unwilling witness. The terms, correlation, co-ordination, ap^ 
 perception, would have fallen upon his ears without meaning, 
 as the words of a foreign language, yet he knew that the 
 acme of school government was in obedience to rules, and 
 that the road to learning was in self-reliance and hard study. 
 
 He possessed no diploma and held no state certificate; 
 no normal school professors threatened him with direst 
 frowns if he failed in examination, and no* county superin- 
 tendent marked his papers 65 per cer£ and therefore judged 
 him unfit to teach. 
 
 He was a power in the neighborhood where he lived. 
 Questions of politics and religion were referred toi him and 
 parents committeed their children to his care with perfect as- 
 surance of their safety. Next to the Puritan minister, the 
 
206 IOWA STATE NORMAL SCHOOL. 
 
 Puritan schoolmaster held the place of honor in church and 
 state. 
 
 He was proud of his calling, and esteemed himself one 
 of the elect of the earth. One of these old masters said to 
 me a few years ago: "I taught school twenty-five winters 
 in succession, and they came after me again and offered me 
 fifty dollars a month, but I thought it was time to quit, and 
 told them no." He is a wise man who knows his own limita- 
 tions. 
 
 These men taught school in the winter and worked on 
 the farms during the summer. Like other classes of men 
 they embrace the good, the bad and the indifferent. The best 
 of them were descendants of men who sat under the preach- 
 ing of the old divines like Jonathan Edwards, whose sermons 
 set the theological world on fire. Their forefathers followed 
 Stark from the mountains of New Hampshire and turned the 
 tide of the Battle of Bennington. They turned from the 
 school to' the farm and from the farm to the school, and 
 never forgot that wherever they were they were expected to 
 do a man's work in the world, whether they hoed corn in June 
 or taught school in December. These men believed in some- 
 thing. No man is strong who has no convictions. The mas- 
 ter opened and closed his school with prayer, and if he was 
 forced in the meantime to use the switch or the ferule he was 
 equally conscientious in that. The old minister who had been 
 in his pulpit fifty years visited every school in turn once each 
 term and made a prayer before he left them. The influence 
 upon the young people was most wholesome. 
 
 Then the New Testament was a part of the child's equip- 
 ment when he went to school, and "reading 'round" was the 
 first exercise in the morning. The Bible was something more 
 than an ancient classic, and its stories more than myths hand- 
 ed down by tradition. Fifty years ago a classmate of mine 
 was refused permission to deliver his oration at commence- 
 
IOWA STATE NORMAL SCHOOL. 207 
 
 merit because in it he hinted that possibly the account given 
 in Genesis of the creation is not literally true ; and a reputable 
 Ohio college refused young men permission to study geology, 
 as it had a tendency to make infidels of them. 
 
 John Adams taught the first grammar school established 
 in Worcester, Massachusetts. A bronze tablet in a setting 
 of Quincy marble marks the spot where the old house stood. 
 "In his later years he advised every young man to 1 keep school 
 as the best method of acquiring patience, self-command and 
 a knowledge of character." He once declared that "while 
 keeping school he acquired more knowledge of human nature 
 than while he was at the bar, in the world of politics or at 
 the courts of Europe." 
 
 Fifty years later Daniel Webster taught an academy in 
 Maine for three years and thought seriously of being a peda- 
 gogue for life. With his massive head, his commanding fore- 
 head, his black, lustrous eyes, deep-set under shaggy eye- 
 brows, no wonder the children were awed by his presence and 
 called him "all eyes." He hunted and fished; he quoted po- 
 etry, and, after his own fashion, he coquetted with the young 
 ladies, although he declared that he could never calculate to 
 a certainty the value of a dimple, nor estimate the charm of 
 an eyebrow. It is today an honor to the old-fashioned school 
 master that such men did not despise the schoolmaster's 
 calling. 
 
 Those were days when young men taught school as a 
 part of their education. Amherst, Williams, Dartmouth, 
 Bowdoin, nearly all the eastern colleges, had their long vaca- 
 tion immediately after Thanksgiving, so that the students 
 could teach a winter term. Previous to the Civil War the 
 schools of New England were largely indebted to the college 
 students who were accustomed to teach in them part of each 
 year. From Maine to New York, from Dartmouth to Cape 
 Cod, through the southern states, these young men, these stu- 
 
208 IOWA STATE NORMAL SCHOOL. 
 
 dents, earned, by their services in the school-room, a living 
 and a little to help pay their college tuition, although Halleck 
 tells us that 
 
 "The Virginians look upon them with about as favorable eyes" 
 As Gabriel upon the Devil in Paradise." 
 
 There is sex in mind as there is in nature. The feminine 
 mind and the masculine mind are complements of each other. 
 This annual infusion of the masculine mind, together with the 
 fact that these students were accustomed to self-exertion and 
 self-reliance, aided in giving manly vigor and intellectual 
 strength to the entire community. The schoolmaster of fifty 
 years ago* drilled the army that gave Grant the victory at Ap- 
 pomatox. Brawny, brainy men, their work made New Eng- 
 land pre-eminent in the councils of the nation. We need this 
 vivifying, stimulating influence in our schools today, and I 
 for one know not where to find it. Looking back over the 
 lapse of fifty years, it seems to me that the teachers of those 
 days had the scholarship of brains rather than books; that 
 they were accustomed to think sharply along all lines, and 
 exacted from their pupils a class of work which would not be 
 tolerated in our schools today. Pupils were required to study 
 with a view of getting the greatest discipline out of the sub- 
 ject matter. They practiced vivisection upon every subject 
 they took up. In fact, I am inclined to think that books have 
 too large a sphere assigned them in our modern culture. 
 
 Pupils were taught to exhaust the means at their com- 
 mand. But few schools had dictionaries or encyclopedias or 
 reference books. The text-book was their main resource, and 
 that they mastered. A superabundance of means and helps 
 is like the continual use of crutches, it makes the student an 
 intellectual cripple all his life. Lou Dillon is perhaps no. faster 
 stepper than Flora Temple, only that she has the easy run- 
 ing sulky, the rubber tire, the wind shield, the running mate 
 
IOWA STATE NORMAL SCHOOL,.' ' 209 
 
 and all the contrivances possible to force her record down to 
 the lowest possible figures. But the farmer never expects to 
 breed the useful farm horses from the Dillon stock. And 
 so I sometimes doubt whether from the heavy, hot-bed cur- 
 riculum of today we shall ever raise a race of men like Daniel 
 Webster or John Adams, or their compeers in the more active 
 walks of a strenuous life. When the present frenzy for the 
 greatest amount of work in the least time has run its race, 
 and the educational pulse finds its normal condition, the old 
 time academy, with its freedom from routine, its opportuni- 
 ties for individual work, will find its ancient place in our edu- 
 cational system. 
 
 And here let me refer for one moment to the school of 
 fifty years ago. My mind goes back to a little manufacturing 
 village in Connecticut. The school-house, neat and commodi- 
 ous, fitted up for four teachers, stood on the village green. 
 There was plenty of room for outdoor exercises. It was be- 
 fore the wicked craze that there should be no recess lest the 
 children be corrupted. There was no course of study and 
 little red tape; no printed rules and regulations, and no "ac- 
 credited list^ to lure the too ambitious school to do work far 
 beyond its resources. In the shadow of Yale, no professor 
 sought to tell us what to do in English or Latin. Promotions 
 were unknown as a rule of order and teachers and pupils 
 alike were unvexed by the spectre of term examinations. It 
 was simplicity simplified. We worked forty- four weeks in 
 a year and thought our vacations were rather too long. The 
 highest compliment ever paid the old school was by one who 
 was a school girl then, now the mother of grown-up men and 
 women. "I tell my children that the point of failure with 
 them is that they don't know how to study. ,, 
 
 The schoolmaster fifty years ago estimated very highly 
 "The Art of Study," and he taught it with the same thor- 
 oughness and precision with which he taught the three R's. 
 
210 IOWA STATE NORMAL SCHOOL. 
 
 "Rake clean there, boy," was the command given to the boy 
 who followed the cart in the rough hay field of New Hamp- 
 shire, and it was given in the same tone of voice with which 
 he was sent toi his lessons in the winter school. The practice 
 of "raking clean" was taught in those old schools and might 
 well be taught in those of today. 
 
 But it is time to stop. I am not an optimist; I am not 
 a pessimist. Between those who mourn for the past and those 
 who anticipate the future, there is a middle ground for those 
 who recognize the present as the post of duty. And there — 
 old friend — you and, I have willingly taken our stand. The 
 fifty years which have passed since you entered the school- 
 room have been full of labor. The fruition is undoubtedly 
 rich, but how rich none can tell. Yours has been an unchang- 
 ing creed of love and faith and duty which you have written 
 on the fleshy tablets of thousands of human hearts. Comin'g 
 to Iowa in pioneer days, you have built yourself into the edu- 
 cational growth of a great state. Surely today you, "The 
 Schoolmaster of Fifty Years Ago," may congratulate your- 
 self and say, "I have done what I could for the education of 
 my race." 
 
 RESPONSE. 
 
 By Professor Moses Willard Bartlett. 
 
 (As Prof. Bartlett came forward to speak, the whole 
 vast audience rose as one man to greet him.) 
 
 I am overwhelmed, and there is no longer any strength 
 in me; the magnitude and heartiness of these manifestations 
 of appreciation and well-wishing leave me no breath with 
 which to express my thanks on this occasion. When our presi- 
 dent, some weeks ago, suggested that the circumstances of 
 my life rendered it desirable that the school should take the 
 
IOWA STATE NORMAL SCHOOL, 211 
 
 opportunity to review the educational history of the past half 
 century, I had no thought that he was getting me into such 
 a fix as this : making me the cynosure of so many eyes, and 
 spoiling so much space in the newspapers. You all doubtless 
 have in mind the well-known fact that a very small object 
 placed near the eye obscures many large objects at a distance. 
 I fear that the position I occupy here today throws other more 
 important objects out of all proper perspective by unduly 
 magnifying the small part I have been privileged to take in 
 educational work. My friends, the program seems to require 
 that I make a response ; a response to what ? I would that I 
 could do justice to the eloquent and inspiring words to which 
 we have today listened : to the masterly handling of the sev- 
 eral subjects announced on the program, and the most wel- 
 come messages which friends of other days have brought us. 
 But time and ability are lacking, and a proper and adequate 
 response is found only in the hearts and thoughts of those 
 who have been permitted to hear. 
 
 I certainly appreciate most profoundly the distinguished 
 honor my friends have conferred upon me in making an inci- 
 dent in my life, comparatively unimportant in itself, except 
 to me personally, the occasion for such a gathering of friends 
 as we are privileged to meet here today ; and more than that, 
 that they have made it the occasion for such a review and 
 discussion of the past as to render the exercises so interesting 
 and educationally valuable. For it is interesting and emi- 
 nently proper that we should, once in a while, pause and take 
 account of the way over which we have passed, note the 
 progress made, and the mistakes as well, and plan for the 
 future. The position, however, in which I here find myself 
 seems to require that I be more personal than I would clesire, 
 in what I may have to say. 
 
 Long service is not in itself proof of great things ac- 
 complished. Of the longest life mentioned in history, the 
 
212 IOWA STATE NORMAL SCHOOL. 
 
 most remarkable thing recorded is: "And all the days of 
 Methuselah were 960 and 9 years, and he died." In less 
 than half as many months as Methuselah lived years, many 
 a man has accomplished infinitely more of value for himself 
 and for the world. It takes some people a very long time to 
 accomplish a very little, and I have thought it not impossible 
 that I might belong to that number. 
 
 "We live in deeds, not years; in thoughts, not breaths; 
 In feelings, not in figures on a dial; 
 We should count time by heart-throbs. 
 
 He lives most who thinks most, feels the noblest, acts the 
 best." 
 
 It was, I think, in the year 1850 that I made choice of 
 my life-work; I was then a boy of sixteen, studying at Bath 
 Academy, in northern New Hampshire, and was selected to 
 do tutoring in overflow classes. I became fascinated with 
 the work, and forthwith resolved to devote my life to it. 
 Not, however, until 1853 did I find regular employment with 
 stated wages, when I became pedagogue in the country 
 schools of that vicinity, at $12.50 a month, "boarding 'round." 
 Since that time that work, with preparation for it, has been 
 the employment of my life, and I do not recall a time when 
 ] have regretted my choice.. The present year is the forty- 
 seventh since I began my work in Western College, then 
 located in Linn county, Iowa, but now at Toledo; and with 
 the exception of three years in Memphis Academy, in Mis- 
 souri, I have been constantly employed in the schools of Iowa. 
 Nowhere have I found a wider, or more productive field, no- 
 where more congenial surroundings, nowhere kinder and 
 truer friends, or more generous and helpful co-laborers than 
 in Cedar Falls, and in the Iowa State Normal School. And 
 it gives me great pleasure to have this opportunity to testify 
 to the debt of gratitude I owe for the many acts of kindness 
 
IOWA STATE NORMAL SCHOOL. 213 
 
 and good will I have received from those with whom I have 
 here been associated. I have not forgotten, nor can I soon 
 forget, the kind consideration the board of trustees have so 
 often shown me, especially in times of illness, at one time 
 rendering it possible for me to rest and recuperate in a warmer 
 climate." 
 
 It is certainly superfluous for me to say in this presence 
 how much I am indebted for pleasure and success in my work 
 here to my friends in the faculty, and especially to our wise, 
 generous-hearted and thoughtful president, for the kindly 
 sympathetic and helpful treatment uniformly received at their 
 hands. It is with a pang of regret that I contemplate sever- 
 ing my professional connection with such friends, and such 
 a school, for it implies the sundering of ties and relations that 
 have grown stronger and dearer with the years ; and the lay- 
 ing aside of a life-work of which I have never become tired; 
 but I feel that the time approaches when this work should be 
 entrusted to younger hands. 
 
 I congratulate the trustees that they have had the wise 
 foresight to give the general direction of affairs into the hands 
 of one who is sin-'Seerley' devoted to this work, and who 
 never fails to 'Se-erly' that the 'Wright' thing is done at 
 the 'Wright' time. I have no fear of being missed, when the 
 'Gist' of the faculty is left in the English department; and 
 when associated with him is one who, in the expressive, but 
 scarcely classic words of the 'colored brother,' when he wishes 
 to indicate decided superiority, — one who never fails to 
 'reach the; p'Simmons'; while, if you wish a choice bit of 
 work done in the English style, or even in the German, the 
 department can furnish a 'Carpenter' unsurpassed in that 
 line. It is needless to enumerate other well-known, able, 
 faithful and successful co-laborers in this English work, but, 
 though the field is so wide, and the subjects to be taught so 
 varied and so difficult, so varied are the gifts of those as- 
 
214 IOWA STATE NORMAL SCHOOL. 
 
 signed to this department, in its different lines, that what- 
 ever the difficulty, I am sure one can he found to 'Pierce' to 
 the root of the trouble. 
 
 When I say I have enjoyed the work of teaching I but 
 faintly express my meaning. -The calling is a grand one, 
 second to none in importance, and capable of affording un- 
 limited opportunities for labor, self-development and useful- 
 ness. Fifty years ago few men, and even fewer women, 
 thought of teaching as a life-work; it was generally engaged 
 in as a makeshift, or a stepping-stone to the law, or medicine, 
 or ministry, or marriage, or other calling considered more 
 honorable, and probably more remunerative. It was thought, 
 apparently, that no special preparation was needful, more 
 than was found in the ordinary curricula of the schools of 
 that day, and that it answered a good purpose as preparative 
 for a regular profession. One of the most hopeful steps in 
 educational progress is, that teaching has become a profession 
 for both men and women; a profession demanding high nat- 
 ural qualifications, physical, intellectual and moral, and spe- 
 cial preparation, corresponding to that required in other pro- 
 fessions. In all probability half-century records will, in the 
 near future, be not uncommon in this calling. 
 
 I am sure that I voice the thought and feeling of these 
 teachers, students and friends who have filled this hall today, 
 when in their name I return most heartfelt thanks to each and 
 all of these speakers who have preceded me on this occasion, 
 for the instructive and inspiring messages they have brought 
 us; and, personally, I desire to express my gratitude and deep 
 appreciation for the many kind and gracious words of con- 
 fidence and good-will that have come to me here from the lips 
 of those I have known and loved — some of them in years long 
 past. I would, also, that my voice could reach the ears of 
 other scores of friends, who, within these few days, from 
 New England to California, from Florida to Alaska, have 
 
IOWA STATE NORMAL SCHOOL. 215 
 
 sent by mail and telegram their kindly words of appreciation 
 and affection. 
 
 In the midst of the trials and discouragements of life, 
 and we all have them, nothing is more prized than an assur- 
 ance from those we love and trust that our efforts are appre- 
 ciated, and are helpful to others. In all my life, hitherto, 
 nothing has given me more courage and satisfaction, than 
 the parting words of one whom many of you know as a co- 
 laborer in this school, who, when grasping my hand in a good- 
 bye, said, "Mr. Bartlett, I feel that I am a better man for 
 having known you." 
 
 I have, during my years of school work, had connection 
 with public schools, academies and colleges, more than one of 
 each, some of them denominational, but in no other have I 
 seen character count for so much as in the Iowa State Normal 
 School. Twenty-eight years of intercourse with such teachers 
 and such students has, I am sure, given me an added im- 
 pulse toward the better life. 
 
 A poor Jew, it is said, took great* pride in the fact that 
 he was, on two or three occasions, permitted to help lift some 
 stones to their place in the foundations of Solomon's temple 
 at Jerusalem, when it was being built. My friends, I have been 
 present during the last half-century, while foundations for 
 many hundreds of human temples were being laid; and if I 
 have been fortunate enough to be permitted to help to place 
 even one small stone of value in any one of such temples, I 
 count it of more worth than if I had conceived and built en- 
 tire the most beautiful material edifice the world ever saw. 
 

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