TEE UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS LIBRARY 'in. vi C3?c. *vV Return this book on or before the Latest Date stamped below. University of Illinois Library ■■ ■ = - a i a n JO rt . HUil 19 13 d, ] 0EC2S 1970 JUL 0 5 19 30 JUN 0 6 1 )90 » • L161—H41 v f •' ' ■ ' » -V - , V ‘.-r * V . CENSUS OF THE CITY OF CHARLESTON, SOUTH CAROLINA, FOR THIS IHSAR 1848, wWYtfiSfTY’ Qp ju j EXHIBITING THE i* r* m CONDITION AND PROSPECTS OF THE CITY, ILLUSTRATED BY MANY STATISTICAL DETAILS, PREPARED UNDER THE AUTHORITY OF THE CITY COUNCIL. BY J. L. DAWSON, M. D., AND, H. W. DeSAUSSURE, M. D. CHARLESTON, S. C. 1S49; J. B. NIXON, PRINTER, 48 BROAD STREET. PROCEEDINGS OF COUNCIL, EXTRACT FROM THE MINUTES, NOVEMBER 15, 1847. On motion of Alderman W. M. LAWTON, Resolved, That a Committee of one Alderman from each Ward, (of which his Honor the Mayor shall act as Chairman,) be appointed to enquire into the propriety of having a Census of the City taken by some competent person or persons, and that they report at the next meeting of Council. F. LANCE, Clerk of Council. i © GS! O ft O CO CO 00 CO 10 cl 6 d oi d d uO <0 <0 tiO o - w oo oo oo i> #N »N #V ^ CJ o o m CD a 00 ^h i> © H 05 H H CO fs r« •> Total. i"" H rH co C* CO 00 rn t-h <7* (N r« rs ^ ^ J> CO <0* r- < —1 rH rH Whites. | Females 00 G oo io o «N «N r> r\ r> r\ r\ 00 © 1-H O 0* 00 rH rH —r rH rH 1 Years. J O O O O O O 00 GOHWCO^^ C- GO GO GO 00 00 00 rH rH rH rH rH f—4 From this table it appears that the male white popu AGES OF THE POPULATION. 13 lation of the city has always exceeded the female except in the years 1820 and 1830, when there was a slight excess of females. This is contrary to the proportion that usually prevails in cities, the female usually exceed¬ ing the male population by from 10 to 20 per cent. Among the colored population, on the contrary, the females uniformly exceeded the males in an unusually great ratio. The subsequent tables will shew that this excess of females was even greater among the free colored population than among the slaves. The ages of the Population. —In order to illus¬ trate this point, the following table has been arranged, exhibiting the ages of white, slave and free colored population, as far as they could be obtained from the different Census’ taken by the United States. The last table is calculated from the returns of the Census of 1848, in which the ages of the colored population were taken in the same classes of age as the whites. In these tables the males are distinguished from the females, and the proportion of the latter to each 100 males at the specified ages calculated: Classes accord- NUMBER OF WHITES. To each 100 per¬ sons there were To each 100 males ing to age. Males. Females. Totals. the females were 1800 Under 10 1,323 1,321 - 2,644 27.46 99.84 10 to 16 677 670 1,347 13.99 98.81 16 to 26 882 874 1,756 18.23 99.92 26 to 45 1,707 1,270 2,977 30.91 74.39 Over 45 442 464 906 9.41 104.97 Totals. 5,031 4,599 9,630 100.00 91.41 1810 Under 10 1,292 1,683 2,975 25.72 130.26 10 to 16 832 953 1,785 15.43 114.55 16 to 26 1,511 .870 2,381 20.58 57.57 26 to 45 1,501 1,352 2,853 24.66 90.07 Over 45 727 847 1,574 13.61 116.50 Totals. 5,863 5,705 11,568 100.00 97.30 1820 Under 10 1,408 1,359 2,767 25.97 95.52 10 to 16 649 825 1,474 13.84 127.11 14 CENSUS OF CHARLESTON. / Classes accord- NUMBER OF WHITES. To each 100 per¬ sons there were To eachlOOmales ing to age. Males. Females. Totals. the females were 16 to 26 1,147 1,113 2,260 21.21 97.03 26 to 45 1,305 1,192 2,497 23.44 91.34 Over 45 814 841 1,655 15.54 103.31 Totals. 5,323 5,330 10,653 100.00 100.12 NUMBER OF SLAVES. Under 14 2,047 2,092 4,139 32.72 121.95 14 to 26 1,609 2,255 3,864 30.54 140.14 26 to 45 1,400 1,758 3,158 24.96 125.57 Over 45 639 852 1,491 11.78 131.76 Totals. 5,695 6,957 12,652 100.00 125.15 NUMBER OF FREE COLORED. Under 14 267 295 562 38.10 110.43 14 to 26 127 172 299 20.27 135.43 26 to 45 119 216 335 22.71 181.52 Over 45 110 169 279 18.92 153 63 Totals. 623 852 1,475 100.00 136.75 NUMBER OF WHITES. 1830 Under 5 935 799 1,734 13.52 85.45 5 to 10 750 752 1,502 11.71 100.26 10 to 15 692 708 1,400 10.92 102.31 15 to 20 659 810 1,469 11.45 122.91 20 to 30 1,242 1,329 2,571 20.04 107.00 30 to 40 1,056 924 1,980 15.44 87.50 40 to 50 532 515 1,047 8.16 98.80 50 to 60 265 364 629 4.90 137.35 60 to 70 115 184 299 2.33 160.00 70 to 80 58 86 144 1.12 148.27 80 to 90 19 25 44 .34 131.57 90 to 100 3 5 8 .06 166.66 Over 100 1 1 .01 Totals. 6,326 6,502 12,828 100.00 102.75 NUMBER OF SLAVES. 1830 Under 10 2,125 2,311 4,436 28.89 108.75 10 to 24 2,027 2,331 4,358 28.39 114.99 24 to 36 1,465 2,074 3,539 23.05 141.56 36 to 55 900 1,288 2,188 14.25 143.11 55 to 100 256 567 823 5.35 221.09 Over 100 4 6 10 .07 150.00 Totals. 6,777 8,577 15,354 100.00 126.65 NUMBER OF FREE COLORED. Under 10 374 432 806 38.25 115.30 10 to 24 178 336 514 24.40 188.76 24 to 36 155 260 415 19.70 167.74 36 to 55 62 144 206 9.78 232.25 55 to 100 44 120 164 7.78 272.72 Over 100 1 1 2 .09 100.00 Totals. 814 1,293 2,107 100.00 158.83 AGES OF THE POPULATION. 15 Classes according : to age. NUMBER OF WHITES. r ro each 100 per¬ sons there were To each 100 males Males. Females. Totals. the females were j 1840 Under 5 900 918 1,818 13.95 120.00 5 to 10 648 620 1,268 9.73 94.13 ! 10 to 15 660 558 1,218 9.35 84.23 ! 15 to 20 699 787 1,486 11.41 112.60 20 to 30 1,662 1,400 3,062 23.50 84.21 30 to 40 1,196 854 2,050 15.73 71.40 40 to 50 622 4 86 1,108 8.50 78.13 |i 50 to 60 283 31 5 598 4.60 111.30 60 to 70 99 158 257 1.97 159.59 1 70 to 80 49 81 130 .99 179.58 80 to 90 6 20 26 .20 333.33 ; 90 to 100 2 6 8 .06 300.00 Over 100 1 1 .01 I Totals. 6,827 6,203 13,030 100.00 90.86 I NUMBER OF SLAVES. j 1840 Under 10 1.893 2,089 3,982 27.14 110.35 10 to 24 1,825 2,313 4,138 28.20 126.73 24 to 36 1,581 2,312 3,893 26.53 146.23 I 36 to 55 802 1,273 2,075 14.14 157.73 55 to 100 231 347 578 3.94 150.21 Over 100 2 5 7 .05 250.00 I Totals. 6,334 8,339 14,673 100.00 131.65 NUMBER OF FREE COLORED. Under 10 253 251 504 32.35 99.99 10 to 24 161 296 457 29.33 183.85 24 to 36 105 232 337 21.63 221.42 | 36 to 55 48 124 172 1 11.04 258.33 I 55 to 100 16 69 85 5.46 431.24 J Over 100 3 3 .19 Totals. 583 975 1,558 100.00 167.23 NUMBER OF WHITES. 1848 Under 5 901 864 1,765 12.44 95.89 i! 5 to 10 753 781 1,534 10.81 103.79 10 to 15 683 646 1,329 9.37 94.58 ! 15 to 20 676 648 1,324 9.33 95.85 20 to 30 1,547 1,252 1,476 3,023 21.30 95.41 I 30 to 40 1,100 2,352 16.58 87.85 J 40 to 50 685 690 1,375 9.69 100.76 J 50 to 60 381 427 808 5.70 109.45 60 to 70 182 260 442 3.12 142.85 ! 70 to 80 66 119 185 1.30 180.30 80 to 90 13 32 45 .32 246.15 80 to 100 Over 100 1 4 5 .04 400.00 1 Totals. 7,140 7,047 14,187 100.00 98.66 16 CENSUS OF CHARLESTON. Classes according to age. NUMBER OF SLAVES. To each 100 per-1 sons there were To each 100 males Males. Females. Totals. the females were 1848 Under 5 692 678 1,370 12.72 97.97 5 to 10 530 544 1,074 9.97 102.75 10 to 20 1,117 1,213 1,041 2,330 21.63 108.59 20 to 30 1,037 2,078 19.29 100.38 30 to 40 690 884 1,574 14.61 128.11 40 to 50 456 678 1,134 10.53 148.68 50 to 60 261 443 704 6.54 169.61 60 to 70 124 204 328 3.04 164.51 70 to 80 39 75 114 1.06 192.30 80 to 90 16 25 41 .38 156.50 90 to 100 7 10 17 .16 142.86 Over 100 5 3 8 .07 60.00 | Totals. 4,974 5,798 10,772 100.00 116.58 NUMBER OF FREE COLORED. Under 5 105 118 218 14.61 107.61 5 to 10 87 100 187 12.53 114.94 10 to 20 115 160 275 18.43 139.13 20 to 30 82 184 266 17.27 224.39 30 to 40 52 131 183 12.27 251.92 40 to 50 50 90 140 9.38 180.00 50 to 60 34 74 108 7.24 217.64 60 to 70 16 46 62 4.16 287.50 70 to 80 6 21 27 1.80 350.00 80 to 90 6 16 22 1.47 266.66 90 to 100 2 2 .14 - Over 100 2 2 .14 Totals. 553 939 1,492 100.00 169.08 From these tables it appears that the proportion which the sexes have borne to each other, at different ages, has varied much at different periods. In examin¬ ing those years in which the ages of the white popula¬ tion was taken in the same divisions, viz : 1800 to 1820, it appears that in the classes under ten in 1800, the males stood to the females as 100 to 99.84; in 1810 the relation was changed, and the females exceeded the males by 30 per cent.; while in 1820 the proportion was again changed, the males being to the females as 100 to 95.52. At the ages between 10 and 16 the females exceeded the males in 1810 and 1820, but were exceeded by the males in 1800. For the ages over 45 the females uniformly exceeded the males. In examin- CLASSES OF POPULATION. 17 ing the ages of the population for these years, it will be seen that in 1810 and 1820, the largest proportion of the population was between the ages of 26 and 45 ; in 1800 it was largest under 10. A comparison of the ages of the white population from 1830 to 1848, shews a larger proportion between the ages of 5 and 15 in 1830, that at any other period. In examining the ages of the slaves and free colored for the years 1820, 1830, 1840, it will be perceived that a very large proportion were under ten years of age; in 1830 the proportion of free colored under ten amounted to 38.25 per cent. The rapid diminution in the per centage of these classes of the population over twenty-four is very remarkable, and more marked in the free colored than in the slaves. The enumerations of the population from 1800 to 1820 shews the numbers of the population under 16, from 16 to 45, and over 45. These have been arrang¬ ed in classes in the subjoined tables, and shew the largest proportion under 16 in 1800, and the smallest in 1820; in 1810 the largest proportion was between 16 and 45. NUMBER OF PERSONS. IN EACH 100 THERE WERE. Years. All ages. Under 16. 16 to 45. Over 45. Under 16. 16 to 45. Over 45. 1800 9,630 3,991 4,733 906 41.44 49.15 9.41 1810 11,568 4,760 5,234 1,574 41.15 45.24 13.61 1820 10,653 4,241 4,757 1,655 39.81 44.65 15.54 “ It has been said that a country is placed in the most favorable circumstances for advancement when the largest proportion of its population are of an age suited to active employments.” This age has been variously estimated; by some it has been supposed to extend from 15 to 45, by others the period has been advanced to 60, and this latter is probably most correct, as most men in the enjoyment of good health are able to pro¬ long their labors even somewhat beyond this period. For the purpose of illustrating the condition of the 3 18 CENSUS OF CHARLESTON. population in this respect, the following table has been arranged, exhibiting the proportions under 15 from 15 to 60, and over 60, from 1830 to 1848. NUMBER OF PERSONS. IN EACH 100 THERE WERE. Years. All ages. Under 15. 15 to 60. Over 60. Under 15. 15 to 60. Over 60. 1830 12,828 4,636 7,696 496 36.14 59.99 3.87 1840 13,030 4,304 8,304 422 33.04 63.74 3.22 1848 14.187 4,628 8,882 677 32.62 62.60 | 4.78 From this table it appears that the largest proportion of the population between 15 and 60 was in 1840, the smallest in 1830. If these proportions are compared with those of other cities, it will be perceived that in the proportions of her productive class, Charleston is placed in as favorable circumstances for advancement as most of the cities named, except Lowell. The pro¬ portions of these classes are as follows : Under 15. 15 to 60. Over 60. In Lowell it was 25.00 73.68 1.32 In New York city 34.75 62.65 2.60 In Philadelphia 32.69 63.50 3.81 In London 30 84 63.13 6.03 In Liverpool 32.93 62.89 4.18 In Boston 30,99 65.83 3.18 In the following tables the population has been divi¬ ded into those over 20 and those under 20. From this statement it will be seen that since 1830 the largest proportion of the population has been over 20 years of age. Years. NUMBER OF PERSONS. IN EACH 100 THERE WERE. All ages. Under 20. Over 20. Under 20. Over 20. 1830 12,828 6,105 6,723 47.59 52.41 1840 13,030 5,790 7,240 44.44 55.56 1848 14,187 5,952 8,235 41.95 58.05 In none of the above tables have the males been dis¬ tinguished from the females; in the following this divi¬ sion has been made, and the proportions which the 5 CLASSES OF POPULATION. ] 9 several classes bear to the whole number calculated, and the proportions of the males to the females in each class. Classes. Males. Females. Total. To each 100 persons there were To each 100 males the fe¬ males were. To each 100 females the males were Under 5 901 864 1,765 12.44 95.89 104.27 5 to 15 1,436 1,427 2,863 20.17 99.36 100.63 Over 15 4,803 4,756 9,559 67.37 99.02 100.98 Under 15 2,337 2,291 4,628 32.62 98.02 102.00 15 to 60 4,541 4,341 8,882 62.60 95.58 104.55 Over 60 262 415 677 4.78 158.38 63.10 Under 20 3,013 2,939 5,952 41.95 97.54 102.51 Over 20 4,127 4,108 | 8,235 58.05 99.53 100.46 The following tables have been arranged to show the proportion of the population that survive specified ages, and in the same table, for the purposes of com¬ parison, the same calculations are given for Boston, Liverpool and London. From this statement it ap¬ pears, that up to the age of thirty the proportion sur¬ viving is nearly the same in this city as in London and Boston, and somewhat greater than in Liverpool. From thirty upwards, the proportion who survive is greater here than in Boston, but less than in London, and about the same as in Liverpool. For the purpose of comparing the different classes of the population the number of slaves and free colored, surviving specified ages, in 1848, has also been calculated. Age sur¬ viving. CHARLESTON. Whites. Slaves. Free col’d Boston. London. Liverpool- 1830.] 1840. 1848. 1848. 1848. 1845. 1841. 1841. Atbirth 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 5 years 86.48 86.05 87.56 87.28 85.39 87.37 86.49 84.97 10 tt 74.77 76.32 76.75 77.31 72.86 77.4 4 75.96 70.83 15 tt 63.85 66.97 67.38 66.50 63.65 69.01 67.05 59.77 20 u 52.40 55.56 58.05 55,68 54.43 59.43 57.92 40.34 30 tt 32,36 32 06 36.75 36.39 36.60 33.55 38.96 35.23 40 tt 16.92 16.33 20.17 21.78 24.33 16.08 23.70 21.32 50 tt 8.76 7.83 10.48 11.25 14.95 7.31 12.60 10.73 60 tt 3.86 3.23 4.78 4.81 7.71 3.15 5.62 4.83 70 tt 1.53 1.26 1.66 1.67 3.53 .99 1.85 1.64 80 tt .41 .27 .36 .61 1.75 .21 .35 .35 90 tt .07 .07 .04 .23 .28 .02 .03 .03 20 CENSUS OF CHARLESTON. DWELLING HOUSES OF THE POPULATION. In the schedules used by the enumerators, the fol¬ lowing enquiries were made on this subject: 1st. Location. 2d. Whether brick or wood. 3d. Number of families in the house. 4th. Whether used for any other purpose. 5th. Whether the occupant owned the house. From the answers to these enquiries the fol¬ lowing table has been formed, containing an abstract of all the information obtained. 5 CLASSES OF DWELLING MOUSES. WARDS. No. No. No. No. 1 2 3 4 Total. Inhabited—brick 262 153 333 401 1,149 “ wood 137 333 361 686 1,517 Total inhabited. 399 486 694 1,087 2,666 Used as stores, offices, &c. 129 20 119 90 358 Inhabited by 1 family 117 185 168 314 784 “ “ 2 families 10 7 18 30 65 u a g a 3 5 0 4 12 a a ^ a 0 0 0 0 0 “ “ 6 “ 0 1 0 0 1 Owned by an occupant—Total. 130 198 186 348 862 Inhabited by 1 family 207 231 397 647 1,482 “ “ 2 families 39 41 75 80 235 U U 2 (t 16 10 21 6 53 a u 4 a 6 4 11 5 26 a a u 1 2 1 1 5 a a 0 a 0 0 1 0 1 « a 0 - a 0 0 1 0 1 u 10 “ 0 0 1 0 1 Not owned by occupant—Total. 269 288 508 739 1,804 Building and vacant brick 31 4 17 17 69 “ “ wood 8 9 15 22 54 Total dwelling houses. 438 499 726 1,126 2,789 Number of families in each ward 508 589 887 1,236 3,220 “ “ “ u house 1.15 1.18 1.22 1.09 1.20 “ of persons to a house 5.78 5.32 5.61 4.98 5.32 “ of “ “ family. 4.54 4.34 4.39 4.46 4.40 This table the exhibits number and the classes of the houses in each ward ; the number of families in each FAMILIES. 21 ward ; the number of families in each house ; the num¬ ber of persons to a house and to a family, and how owned. The total number of inhabited houses was 2,666, and the total number of families 3,220 or 1.20 families to each house, and 4,40 persons to each family. The number of families to a house, and the number of persons to each family, &c. vary in the different wards. Smallest. Largest. The number of families. The number of families Ward. 1 4 to a house. The number of persons a 4 3 to a house. The number of persons a 4 1 to a family. a 2 1 The number of dwelling houses in the city in 1820, as reported by the City Assessor, were 2,336; in 1830, 2,481, and in 1840, 2,804. According to the recent enumeration there are 3,147 houses, out of which num- •»» ber 2,789 are used partially or entirely as dwellings, and 358 as stores, &c. In the Spring of 1838 between five and six hundred houses, exclusive of out buildings, were destroyed by fire, and we were desirous of show¬ ing the number and description of houses erected since then, but the information obtained from the City records was so meagre as to preclude the possibility of our making the slightest approximation to a correct state¬ ment. The number of houses however, at present, is larger than prior to the fire, and are mostly superior in size and comfort to those destroyed. The next table exhibits the number of families in¬ habiting the different classes of houses. 22 CENSUS OF CHARLESTON. CLASS OF HOUSES. Owned by occu¬ pant. N umber of fami¬ lies. Not own¬ ed by oc¬ cupant. Number of fami¬ lies. Total Houses. Total families. Inhabited by 1 family 784 784 1,482 1,482 2,266 2,266 (< “ 2 “ 65 130 235 470 300 600 \ u “ 3 12 36 53 159 65 195 a “ 4 “ 0 0 26 104 26 104 ii “ 5 “ 0 0 5 25 5 25 u 6 “ 1 6 1 6 2 12 u “ 8 “ 0 0 1 8 1 8 u “ 10 “ 0 0 1 10 1 10 Total. 862 956 1,804 2,264 2,666 3,220 SUPPLY OF WATER TO THE POPULATION. It was deemed important to obtain some information on this subject, and accordingly in the printed schedules used by the enumerators, the following questions were inserted. 1st. Have you a well of water in your yard? 2d. Have you a cistern for rain water? It was not deemed important to make any enquiries as regards the quality of the water supplied by wells, as for the most part it is not drinkable, and hardly fit for washing or culinary purposes. This water, however, bad as it is, is used by many families who have no cisterns, particu¬ larly in the western and upper parts of the city where the land is high and sandy; but to those living in the lower parts of the city, and accustomed to the use of cistern water, the well water, even the purest of it, has a strong saline and disagreeable taste , in fact animals from the country will sometimes suffer long from thirst before they can be brought to drink it. This state of things has existed from the first settlement of the city, and strange indeed it is, that no action has ever been SUPPLY OF WATER TO THE POPULATION. 23 taken by the City authorities until but very recently to correct this evil and supply the citizens with an element so necessary to their health and comfort. During periods of drought the wells and cisterns both often fail; and awful conflagrations have occurred, which, no doubt, would have been soon extinguished could a proper supply of water have been obtained. Mr. Holmes, in his “ notes on the Geology of Charleston,” informs us that the springs which supply the wells in the city are not more than from twelve to eighteen feet below the surface, in strata of white and gray sand, mixed with pebbles ; these, he says, are sup¬ ported by others of stiff blue clay and of clay and sea shells mixed, below which is a stratum of a sub¬ stance resembling peat. All of these strata emit a foetid odor, and must not be penetrated in digging, the water being so offensive as to be unfit for use ; hence the wells in the city are seldom more than twelve or sixteen feet deep. These wells are dependent upon the rains, which percolating from the surface, are ob¬ structed in their descent and held by this impervious layer of blue mud. The sinks in the city being, generally speaking, of the same depth as the wells, and not far removed, must necessarily injure the water in some degree, by adding to the impurities which it has already accumulated while lying upon the surface. In 1823 an Artesian Well was commenced in the Poor House yard, under the direction of Dr. Moser, and by authority of the City Council. This, from some cause, was abandoned, and no further effort was made until 1847, when the present administration made an appropriation for a similar purpose. The well was commenced and carried to the depth of 323 feet, and likewise abandoned. A few months since the Council 24 CENSUS OF CHARLESTON. succeeded in procuring the services of a gentleman having great experience in these matters, under whose superintendance the depth of 836 feet has been attained, w r ith very flattering prospects of speedy success. Should this attempt, however, also fail, we hope that the City authorities will direct their attention to some other mode of supplying the city with a plentiful supply of water. Whilst writing the alarm of fire is given, and proceeds from a Cotton Press within eighty yards of us ; on re¬ pairing to the spot, the remarks made on the previous page relative to the scanty supply of water in seasons of drought, was practically illustrated. The fire en¬ gines were promptly on the spot, but the wells in the neighborhood failed in about ten minutes, and had the fire not occurred in the third story of a brick building with slate roof, much valuable property would have been destroyed while the firemen were hunting for water. The following table shows the number of houses, in the city, supplied with cisterns and wells in the different wards: 1 WARDS. 2 | 3 4 Total, j Houses having a well, i96 242 ,317 708 1463 Houses having a cistern, 53 40 110 54 257 Houses having both a cistern and well, 172 136 165 218 691 Houses having 2 cisterns and 1 well, 4 4 1 2 11 Houses having 3 cisterns and 1 well, 1 0 0 1 2 Houses having 2 cisterns and 2 wells, 2 1 1 4 8 Houses having 2 cisterns, Houses having 1 cistern and 2 wells, 1 3 1 0 5 5 5 2 1 . 13 Houses having 3 wells, 1 1 0 0 2 Houses having 2 wells, 1 10 6 8 25 Houses having 1 cistern and 3 wells, 0 3 0 4 7 Houses having 1 cistern and 4 wells, 0 1 0 0 1 Houses having 3 cisterns and 2 wells, 0 0 0 2 2 Houses having 2 cisterns and 3 wells, 0 0 0 2 2 Houses having neither cistern or well, 54 36 184 80 354 DOMESTIC CONDITION. 25 DOMESTIC CONDITION OF THE POPULA¬ TION, In order to obtain some information on this impor¬ tant subject, which has lately engaged the attention of Statisticians both at home and abroad, such questions were introduced into the schedules as enabled us to as¬ certain the number of the married and widowed of each sex, Foreign and American, with their respective ages. By deducting the total amount of these from the whole number of inhabitants, the number of single persons is ascertained—from these data we have obtained the fol¬ lowing results. The table below exhibits the relative proportions at different ages of the Americans and Foreigners : NUMBER OF PERSONS. To each 100 there were. Age. AMERICANS. FOREIGNERS. AMERICANS. FOREIGNERS Males. Females. Males. Females. Males. Females. Males |Females und’r20 0 46 0 15 3.11 20 to 30 247 554 113 260 19.48 37.46 14.38 40.6? 30 to 40 466 450 345 227 36.75 30.43 43.89 35,4" 40 to 50 305 288 173 88 24.05 19.47 22.01 13.7F 50 to 60 155 102 106 37 12.22 6.90 13.49 5.7S 60 to 70 71 28 32 9 5.60 1.89 4.07 1.4? 70 to 80 19 8 17 4 1.50 .54 2.16 .62 Over 80 5 3 0 0 .40 .20 Totals. 1,268 1.479 786 640 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 From this it appears that at the ages between 20 and 30 the married male Americans were 19.48 per cent., and the Foreigners 14.38 per cent., and the American females 37,46 per cent,, and the Foreigners 40.63 per cent, of the entire number of each class. Between the ages of 30 and 40 the proportion of Foreigners of both sexes is greater than that of the Americans. The next table gives the number of the unmarried, married and widowed of each sex, at different ages, and the proportion to the whole population at those ages. 4 26 CENSUS OF CHARLESTON. From this many interesting facts have been obtained, and are now presented. A man living at the age of 30 to 35 has 35.92 chances in a hundred that he will never be married; 62.31 that he will be married and 1-76 that he will be a widower. A female of the same age has 25.88 in 100 that she will be unmarried, 63.83 that she will be married, and 10.29 that she will be a widow. A man living at the age of 60 to 65 has 19.84 chances in 100 that he will never marry, 60.32 that he will marry and 19.84 chances in 100 that he will be a widower. A woman living at the same age has 23.31 chances in 100 that she will be unmarried, 15.95 that she will marry, and 60,74 that she will be a widow. The chances, therefore, of being widowed are as 10.29 to 1.76 per cent, greater in the female than the male at the age of 30 to 35, and at the age of 60 to 65 they are as 60.74 to 19.84 per cent, greater. NUMBER OF PERSONS. In each 100 there were Classes according to age. Whole number Unmar¬ ried. Married. Widowed. Unmarried. Married. Widowed Males. 15 to 20 676 676 0 1 99.85 0.00 0.15 20 to 25 803 702 99 2 87.42 12.33 0.25 25 to 30 744 477 261 6 64.12 35.08 0.80 30 to 35 682 245 425 12 35.92 62.31 1.76 35 to 40 570 163 386 21 28.60 67.71 3.69 40 to 45 364 99 247 18 27.20 67.86 4.94 45 to 50 321 66 231 24 20.56 71.96 7.48 50 to 55 219 54 148 17 24.66 67.58 7.76 55 to 60 162 33 113 16 20.37 69.75 9.88 60 to 65 126 25 76 25 19.84 60.32 19.84 65 to 70 56 12 27 17 21.43 48.21 30.36 70 to 75 40 7 20 13 17.50 50.00 32.50 75 to 80 26 7 16 3 26.92 61.54 11.54 Over 80 14 5 4 5 35.71 28.58 35.71 Totals. 4803 2570 2053 180 53.51 42.74 3.75 Females. 15 to 20 ♦ 648 587 61 0 90.58 9.42 0.0 20 to 25 756 400 341 15 52.91 45.10 1.99 25 to 30 720 204 473 43 28.33 65.70 5.97 30 to 35 564 146 360 58 25.88 63.83 10.29 35 to 40 536 128 317 91 23.88 59.14 16.98 40 to 45 435 96 246 93 22.07 56.55 | 21.38 DOMESTIC CONDITION. 27 NUMBER OF PERSONS. In each 100 there were Classes according to age. Whole number. Unmar¬ ried. Married. Widowed. Unmarried. Married. Widowed. 45 to 50 255 49 130 76 19.22 50.98 29.80 50 to 55 266 52 89 125 19.56 33.45 46.99 55 to 60 161 28 50 83 17.39 31.06 51.55 60 to 65 163 38 26 99 23.31 15.95 60.74 65 to 70 97 14 11 72 14.43 11.34 74.23 70 to 75 80 9 8 63 11.25 10.00 78.75 75 to 80 39 4 4 31 10.25 10.26 79.49 Over 80 36 5 3 28 13.89 8.34 77.77 Totals. 4756 1760 2119 877 37.00 44.56 18.44 The following table exhibits the number and propor¬ tions of the different classes. The unmarried men over 15 were 2,571 or 1 in 5.5 of the whole population; the married 2,053 or 1 in 6.9; and the widowers 180 or 1 in 787. The unmarried women over 15 were 1,760 or 1 in 80 of the whole population ; the married 2,119 or 1 in 6.6, and the widowed 887 or 1 in 16. Ages. Condition. MALES. FEMALES. BOTH. Number. In each 100 Number. In eacli 100 Number In each 100 Over 15 Unmarried 2,571 53.51 1,760 37.00 4,331 44.14 Married 2,053 42.74 2,119 44.56 4,172 43.54 W ido wed 180 3.75 877 18.44 1,057 11.05 15 to 60 Unmarried 2,515 52.38 1,690 35.53 4,205 43.98 Married 1,910 39.76 2,067 43.25 3,977 41.60 Widowed 117 2.43 584 12.27 701 7.34 Over 60 Unmarried 56 1.16 70 1.47 126 1.31 Married 143 2.97 52 1.09 195 2.09 Widowed 63 1.31 293 6.13 356 3.72 The excess of widows over the widowers is very large, being 887 of the former to 180 of the latter. This, however, does not appear to be peculiar to Charleston, as will appear from the following compara¬ tive table taken from Mr. Shattuck’s Census of Boston: 28 CENSUS OF CHARLESTON. Places. Population. To each 100 of the whole population there were MALES. FEMALES. Unmar’d Mar’ied Widow’s Unmar’d Married Widows Charleston, 1848 14,187 34.51 14.47 1.28 28.55 14.93 6.18 Boston, 1845 114,366 32.97 16.33 .45 30.67 16.25 3.33 Dublin, 1841 232,726 28.46 14.69 1.82 32.51 12.57 6.95 Ireland, 1841 7,039,659 34.46 13.92 1.34 34.47 14.30 3.51 Paris, 1841 1,194 503 29.92 20.46 1.83 22.09 20.18 5.52 France, 1841 34,230,178 28.28 18.95 2.18 27.03 18.87 4.69 Denmark, towns 79,057 32.76 15.02 1.76 29.99 14.75 5.72 Denmark county 223 614 31.73 16.85 1.99 28.72 16.81 3.90 The annexed table is the one from which the forego¬ ing abstracts have been taken. AMERICAN MALES. FOREIGN MALES. TotalAme- rican and Ages. Married Single. Widowed. Total Married Single Widowed. Total Foreign. 15 to 20 564 1 565 111 111 676 20 to 25 70 488 1 557 29 216 1 246 803 25 to 30 177 265 4 448 84 212 2 295 744 30 to 35 238 119 9 366 187 126 3 316 682 35 to 40 228 86 13 327 158 77 8 243 570 40 to 45 162 56 10 228 85 43 8 136 364 45 to 50 143 38 17 198 88 28 7 123 321 50 to 55 90 32 13 135 58 22 4 84 219 55 to 60 65 14 7 88 48 19 9 76 162 60 to 65 54 15 16 85 22 10 9 41 126 65 to 70 17 8 12 37 10 4 5 19 56 70 to 75 13 4 6 23 7 3 7 17 40 75 to 80 6 2 1 9 10 5 2 17 26 80 to 85 2 1 2 5 0 2 3 5 10 85 to 90 2 1 0 3 0 0 0 0 3 90 to 95 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 95 tolOO 0 AMERICAN FEMALES. FOREIGN FEMALES. 15 to 20 46 531 0 577 15 56 0 71 648 20 to 25 243 324 11 578 98 76 4 178 756 25 to 30 311 149 27 487 162 55 16 233 720 30 to 35 234 110 45 389 126 36 13 175 564 35 to 40 216 107 76 399 101 21 15 137 536 40 to 45 190 82 73 345 56 14 20 90 435 45 to 50 98 40 54 192 32 9 22 63 255 50 to 55 68 48 95 211 21 4 30 55 266 55 to 60 34 26 68 128 16 2 15 33 161 60 to 65 20 31 76 127 6 7 23 36 163 65 to 70 8 9 46 63 3 5 26 34 97 70 to 75 6 6 52 64 2 3 11 16 80 75 to 80 2 3 27 32 2 1 4 7 39 80 to 85 2 3 7 12 0 1 8 9 21 85 to 90 1 1 5 7 0 0 4 4 11 90 to 95 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 2 2 95 tolOO 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 2 2 OCCUPATIONS. 29 OCCUPATIONS OF THE POPULATION. This is the first time that an attempt has ever been made in Charleston to obtain positive information rela¬ tive to the occupations of the inhabitants. In the United States Census, taken every ten years, the occu¬ pations, under general heads, such as Commerce, Agriculture, Mining, &c., have been noted by districts, which prevents our obtaining any information on this head relative to the City proper, for past years. In taking the present Census there was a space left in the Schedules headed occupations, and the Enumerators desired to enquire of each head of a family his occupa¬ tion, trade or profession, as well as that of each mem¬ ber of his household capable of labor, and to write the same opposite to the name of the individual. By this mode we have succeeded in obtaining a very near ap¬ proximation to the end desired. In arranging an abstract of this information we have adopted the plan of Mr. Shattuck, classifying the occu¬ pations according as they contribute to personal neces¬ sities and comfort, under fourteen heads, as follows : Whites . 1- -Those contributing to Building, 224 2 u 44 “ Education, 54F 49 3 u 44 “ Food, 91F 529 4 u a 44 Furniture, IF 138 5 44 a 44 Health, 6F 138 6 44 44 44 Religion, 52 7 44 44 44 Justice, 278 8 u 44 44 Literature and Fine Arts, 122 9 u <4 44 Locomotion, 95 10 u 44 44 Machinery, 20 11 u 44 44 Navigation, 278 30 CENSUS OF CHARLESTON Whites . 12- —Those contributing to Clothing, 230F 334 13 Unclassified Mechanics, 97 14 “ Residue of Population, 134F 1569 Total. 516F 3923 The total number of male whites, in the city, between 20 and 90 years of age were 3,547 for the year ending the first of December, 1848, deducting this amount from the ascertained occupations, 3,923, and there remains 376 under twenty, wdio are engaged in the various active pursuits of life. The occupations of the blacks and free colored have been arranged in the same manner, and are as follows : Blacks. 1- -Those contributing to Building, 213 2 “ “ “ Clothing, 57F 46 3 “ “ “ Food, 30F 75 4 “ “ “ Furniture, 12 5 “ “ “ Health, 2F 1 6 “ “ “ Literature, 8 7 “ “ “ Locomotion, 87 8 “ “ “ Navigation, 101 9 Unclassified Mechanics, 147 10 44 Residue of Blacks, 3770 2806 Total. 3859F 3406 The total number of male slaves between the ages of 10 and 80 were 3,724; deducting the ascertained occupations from this amount and there remains only 318 whose occupations have not been ascertained. The total number of female slaves between the ages of 15 and 80 years were 3,931; deducting the amount of ascertained occupations from this and there remains but 72 whose avocations have not been ascertained. OCCUPATIONS. 31 Free Colored . 1- -Those contributing to Building, 47 2 44 46 44 Clothing, 247F 82 3 44 44 44 Food, 28F 36 4 44 44 44 Furniture, 1 5 44 44 44 Health, 10F 4 6 44 44 44 Locomotion, 20 7 44 44 44 Machinery, 5 8 44 44 44 Navigation, 1 9 Unclassified Mechanics, 9 10 44 Residue of Free Colored 1,37F 58 Total. 322F 263 The aggregate of free colored males between the ages of 15 and 80 were 298; from this deduct the as¬ certained occupations, 263, and there remains but 35 whose occupations have not been enumerated. WHITES. 1 . Contributing to Building. Architects, 3 Carpenters, 117 Joiners, 3 Lumber dealers, 7 Masons, 60 Painters, 15 Plaisterers, 9 Plumbers, 1 Stone Cutters, 7 Wharf builders, 2 Total. 224 2 . Contributing to Clothing. Bleachers, 1 Boot and Shoe dealers, 39 Boot and Shoe makers, 67 Cap makers, 8 Clothing dealers, 19 Curriers, 1 Dry good dealers, 39 F 86 Dyers, 4 Hat dealers, 10 6 2F 1 1 13F 0 38F 0 44F 0 87F 0 13 2 6 F 68 5 2 IF 1 Total. 230F 334 3. Contributing to Education. Music teachers, 5F 10 School teachers, 47F 33 Teachers Modern Lan¬ guages, 4 Teachers of Dancing, 2 F 2 Total. 54F 49 Hair dressers, Hair braiders, Hosiers, Laundresses, Mantua-makers, Milliners, Seamstresses, Shoe makers, Straw goods dealers, Tailors, Umbrella makers, Wig makers, Worsted dealers, 32 CENSUS OF CHARLESTON. * §k' WHITES. 4. Contributing to Food. 6. Contributing to Health. Bakers, IF 35 Bath keepers, 2 Bar keepers, Bacon dealers, 16 Botanic Practitioners, IF 2 1 Dentists, 11 Boarding-house keepers, 40F 14 Druggists, 25 Bottlers, 1 Midwives, 5F 0 Butchers, Cigar makers, Confectioners, 4 Physicians, 89 10 Sextons, 4 4F 13 Undertakers, 5 Farmers, 6 —— ■ Fishermen, 10 Total. 6F 138 Fruiterers, Gardeners, 9F 40 IF 5 7. Contributing to Religion. Grain dealers, 8 Clergymen, 52 Grocers, Hotel keepers, 205 IF 3 Total. 52 Ice dealers, 2 Market women, IF 0 8. Contributing to Justice. Milk venders, 8F 0 City officers, 35 Pastry Cooks, IF 0 Constables, 6 Planters, 25F 101 Consuls, 5 Restaurant keepers, 2 Custom-house officers, 34 Seedsmen, 3 Gaugers, 4 Sugar refiners, 6 Judges, 3 Sugar boilers, 1 Lawyers, Measurers of Lumber and 76 Syrop makers, 1 Tavern keepers, 36 Wood, 3 Tobacconists, 6 Notaries Public, 2 — —- Police officers, 10 Total. 91F 529 Port Wardens, 5 5. Contributing to Furniture. State officers, 11 Basket makers, 1 United States officers, 4 Cabinet makers, Carvers and Gilders, 26 Watchmen, 90 6 -- Carpet dealers, 2 Total. 278 Coal dealers, 5 Crockery dealers, Furniture store-keepers, IF 8 9. Contributing to Literature and 6 the Arts. Gas pipe-fitters, 8 Artists, 10 Jewellers, 17 Book binders, 10 Military store-keepers, 2 Book dealers, 10 Oil and Paint dealers, 3 Daguerreoty pers, 3 Organ builders, Paper hangers, 1 Editors, Engravers, 5 1 1 Piano builders, 3 Librarians, 3 Silver-smiths, 1 Painters, 11 Tinners, Upholsterers, 23 Printers, 65 10 Stationers, 4 Watch-makers, 15 —- — Total. 122 Totals. IF 138 OCCUPATIONS. 33 WHITES. 10. Contributing to Machinery. Mill-wrights, 4 Boiler-makers, 6 Machinists, 10 Total. 20 11. Contributing to Locomotion. Carriage dealers, 8 Coachmen, 2 Coach makers, 10 Coach Painters, 3 Coach trimmers, 6 Draymen, 18 Farriers, Harness makers, 2 10 Horse-shoers, 4 Omnibus drivers, 3 Railroad clerks, 7 Saddlers, 19 Stable-keepers, 7 Wheel-wrights, 6 Total. 95 12. Contributing to Navigation. Inspector of Steamboat Boilers, 1 Nautical store-keepers, 1 Navy officers, 8 Navy agent, 1 Pilots, 26 Riggers, 5 Sail makers, 9 Seamen, 150 Ship Chandlers, 4 Ship Brokers, I Ship Carpenters, 48 Ship Joiners, 4 Wharfingers, 20 Total. 278 13. Unclassified Mechanics. Bell-hangers, 7 Black-smiths, 45 Brass-workers, 2 Coopers, 20 Copper-smiths, • 5 Cutlers, Gun-smiths, 1 6 Lock-smiths, 3 Moulders, 3 Pump and Block makers, 3 Turners, 2 Total. 97 14. Unclassified residue of Popu¬ lation. Accountants, 98 Actors, 7 Apprentices, 5F 56 Army officers, 2 Auctioneers, 11 Bank officers, 50 Brokers, 21 Clerks, 3F 665 Collectors, 17 Conimission Merchants, 13 Cotton brokers, 3 Engineers, 43 Exchange brokers, 3 Factors, 49 Gas Company officers, 2 Hard-ware dealers, 9 House servants, 100F 18 House-keepers, 13F 0 Insurance officers, 5 Journeymen, 4 Iron-mongers, 3 Keepers of public insti¬ tutions, 2F 8 Laborers, 192 Lottery dealers, 1 Merchants, 208 Mill superintendents, 14 Monthly nurses, 7F 0 Musicians, 16 Music dealers, 3 Pedlers, 6 Porters, r 8 Salesmen, 1 Showmen, 5 Stevedores, 1 Store-keepers, 4F 0 Surveyors, 2 Traders, 1 Variety-store-keepers, 8 Wood Factors, 16 Total. 134F 1569 5 34 CENSUS OF CHARLESTON. _ WHITES AND S LAVES. _ Students. | 5. Contributing to Health. College, 56 Monthly nurses, 2F 0 Divinity, 9 Sextons, 1 Medicine, 29 —- Military Academy, 61 Total. 2F 1 Law, 11 6. Contributing to Literature. Book binders, 3 Total. 166 Printers, 5 SLAVES. Total. 8 1 . Contributing to Building. 7. Contributing to Locomotion. Bricklayers, 68 Coachmen, 15 Carpenters, 110 Coach makers, 3 Painters, 9 Draymen, 67 Plaisterers, Wharf builders, 16 Saddlers, 2 10 — — Tota 1. 87 Total. 213 8. Contributing to Navigation. Boatmen, 7 2. Contributing to Clothing. Sailors, 43 Barbers, 4 Ship Carpenters, 51 Boot makers, 4 — Mantua-makers, 4F 0 Total. 101 Seamstresses, 20F 0 Shoe makers. 2 9. Unclassified Mechanics. Tailors, 36 Black-smiths. 40 Was her-women, 33F 0 Brass-founders, 1 — — Coopers, 61 Total. 57F 46 Mechanics, 45 3. Contributing Bakers, to Food. 39 Total. 147 Butchers, 6 10. Unclassified Residue of Blacks. Confectioners, 4 Apprentics, 8F 43 Cooks, 1 IF 3 House servants, 3,384F 1,888 Fishermen, 15 Laborers, 378F 838 Fruiterers, IF 0 Porters, Stevedores, 35 Gardeners, 3 2 Huxters, JL1F 0 Market-sellers, 6F 0 Total. 3.770F 2,806 Pastry Cooks, IF 0 Cigar makers, 5 11 . Superannuated and Disabled. — 54 Females 38 Total. 30F 75 FREE COLORED. 1 . Contributing to Building. 4. Contributing to Furniture. Bricklayers, 10 Cabinet makers, 8 Carpenters, 27 Tinners, 3 Painters, 4 Upholsterers, 1 Ship-carpenters, 6 Total. 12 Total. 47 OCCUPATIONS. 35 FREE COLORED. 2. Contributing to Clothing. 1 8. Contributing to Navigation. Barbers, l4|Seamen. 1 Boot makers, Dry good dealers, 3 i! 9. Unclassified Mechanics. Laundresses, 45 F 0 Black-smiths, 4 Mantua-makers, 128F 0 Coopers, O /V Milliners, 1*1 ' Copper-smiths, 1 Seamstresses, 68F c Mechanics. o /V Shoe-makers, 14 — Tailors, 6F 42 Total. 9 Upholsterers, 1 _ 10. Unclassified Residue of Free Total. 247F 82 Colored. Apprentices, 7F 14 3. Contributing to Food. House servants, 28F 9 Bakers, 1 Janitors, 1 Butchers, Confectioners, 4 Laborers, 2F 19 2F 9 /W Millers, 1 Cooks, 16 Porters, 5 Fruiterers, IF 1 Stevedores, 1 Fishermen, 14 Store keepers, 5 Hotel-keepers, IF 1 Wood factors. 3 House-keepers, 4F 0 — Huxters, 4 Total. 37F 58 Market-dealers, 4F 1 Pastry cooks, IGF 0 11. Superannuated. Cigar makers, I 4 Females. 1 Tavern-keepers, 1 Total. 28F 36 * 4. Contributing to Furniture. ' / Tinners. 1 5. Contributing % to Health. Nurses, 10F o J Sextons, • 4 Total. 10F 4 6. Contributing to Locomotion. Coachmen, 4 Draymen, 1 1 Livery-stable-keepers, 3 Saddlers, 1 Wheel-wrights, 1 Total. 20 7. Contributing to Machinery. Mill-wrights. 5 36 CENSUS OF CHARLESTON. LEGAL VOTERS OF THE POPULATION. The requisitions necessary to entitle an individual in the City of Charleston to exercise the right of suffrage, are that he should be a citizen of the United States, have lived in the State two years previous to the elec¬ tion, and in the City six months, or be possessed of a town lot at least six months before the time of voting; absence from the City, provided the individual goes with the intent of returning, does not debar him the privilege of voting. The age requisite for exercising the right of suffrage is twenty-one. The number of white inhabitants in the City of this age and over, ac¬ cording to the enumeration but recently completed, were 8,235, of which number 4,127 were males and 4,108 females. In elections appertaining to the City, it is likewise requisite that each voter should have re¬ gistered his name and residence in the office of the City Treasurer one month prior to the election. The City Council, not long since, caused these names to be en¬ tered alphabetically into four volumes—one for each Ward—as books of reference for the managers of elec¬ tions in cases of difficulty occurring at the polls as regards the right of any individual to vote. This system of regis¬ tration commences from 1823, and from the volumes just referred to, we find that in a period of seven years, from 1823 to 1830, that there were 2,766 names regis¬ tered, and from 1830 to 1848 inclusive, a period of eighteen years, there were 4,268, giving for total names registered in twenty-five years 7,034, an average of 281 annually. From the ascertained number of legal voters by the recent Census, and the recorded votes for Mayor and Representatives in 1848 we have compiled the table, page 38, showing the per cent, that the legal voters LEGAL VOTERS. 37 bear to the whole white population, and the per cent, of votes given to the number entitled to vote—or to what extent the inhabitants exercise their right of suf- Irage. The largest number of votes ever polled in the City prior to 1847 were 2,069 in 1832 or 16.12 per cent, of the population, and 62.58 per cent, of the males over 21 years of age. At the election for Mayor and Aldermen in 1848, the total votes given were 1,814 or 12.78 per cent, of the entire white population, and 66.08 per cent, of votes given, to the legal voters ; and in the same year, one month after, at the election for State Senator and Representatives, the total votes polled were 2,374 or 16.73 per cent, of the population, and 86.48 per cent, of votes given, to the legal voters. This increase of 20.48 per cent, in the latter election is in some measure attributable to its taking place in October, by which time all those absent during the Summer on business or pleasure have returned; and likewise to the excite¬ ment caused by the Presidential election. The table, page 39, exhibits the votes given for Mayor for 19 years, and has been compiled for those who may desire, at some future period, to investigate further this interesting subject. 38 CENSUS OF CHARLESTON oo 00 <*** ch » CO v. <15 Si 15 05 <15 s (?w ^ Q£00 C/J 15 ■Ki £ CO <>» 15 (M o: CO ~ 00 ©• ^ 52 S. 15 ^ « rO 15 *b /- Ok . O -' ^ ss Si <15 .2 ^ y © ^ §< 9 8 C 15 r-O *<5 o-> §2 15 V- h* <^> s Ho e Ho *00 \'? GO n . -H O p 5Q r."' I 1- ! r> —( H < H W lO i a . -Vi Eh a jP3 IQ i^H k !§ H < £ • 5 S | ■Ji a H < H xn a o 15 IH O EJ la S'.- i—• s- o> X O s^; bC rj « Tt< lO O © H lO 0! C H QD 6 o’ © t'- © 00 .fi =5 *1 i" O Of CO 05 CO 1C © wo id 01 fit e 8 g rH O O »-2 O P, C £L O' P £ (?) CO GO p 5 o <2 ^ GO •S'CI §£ »—< o -*-a -P P O k rt _ © o 3 , fc£ m O O . © £ rH .2 O J ei 3 ® ft C3 ? OO !'■ CO CD 5= 5 o o . ^ c fi -2 § d ®3 ft fl a >H o fit £ I fi pj CO Tt< CO* 00 CO cd 05 05 05 rt< LO 05 GO CO 0- CO co GO CO Of LO l'- © lO CO LO Of CO f-H 05 05 00 05 05 l-H r—1 r-H f-H {- 05 CO CO LO 05 05 CO 05 rt< ■o< Ttl 0- 05 i'- (Of l'* CO 05 i- © lO o CO o f? CO CO C' 0? o 1 —i © CO lO GO © © Tj< CO LO t- © Of CO o? o? r-H GO 05 CO Of © cd cd 05 GO © CO CO l- WO © —i xHH GO N K5 lO 05 id © 00 o Of 0D O CD Tf r-H r—I © ( CO OO CO lO -H 00 wo r* q m io w I—I C5 05 00 N H H r, C5 CO 05 05 CO CO 05 05 CO 00 ^ i> 05 lO Tj< 1> of H N CO ^ a ■ 4 —< O ri STATEMENT OF VOTES FOR MAYOR. 39 be a t- ti 00 o +-> -«—' c 3 O m CO s> • Co -5 CJ (O • 5 00 00 o CO 00 S> db e .© 'S 8 ^0 Co CO ■La £ ''fe 8 CO 8 O. 8 ^ n o lO CO i(0 05 05 CO LO ^ t- co o 00 CO 1(0 r—i CO lO 00 05 h « Q l- 05 CO O' © r-< 3 CO „r m 1 gftg .3 -r © aaa a c o o a o co co O O cl a- CL CL o o co O CL CL O rv _ L= rJZ fi d d .o c s - *t* ^'co a a © o o co O CL CL CO °I rf co 0) s cS g S' SB. o < 05 g CQ ;5 Ph S3 o -. c £ -3 CL © — o o si £ jg sz 4 ^ sz a a sz sz sg sg ^ • ^ • -* ^ «3 c/} O O O w -r— ^g-ccrca ° ° S3 dp; ° O’f'S ■ m ^ 00 N 00 o CO iO o CO (Of 05 O (Of CO lO H IQ N LO CO CO (Of (Of ®ONHHiOl-HOOOl'COTt(CO^T)(05iOfCO C0’^H(0f05C0C000Oi0 00i0f— HCOCOCOCOCO ®OH(0)^M>b0^00050WCOl>H05 ^ >■» ~ © © „ © a a lc fjn-5C ,isj -£ f g § | a a a h .8? ^ 6S tBjsf^S J2 —L (rHi —i LS-L-r-* — ““~*—*--©O05 *3 -e r _isj ad cd si n .3 .o .a ^op* 000 ^^ 233323 f-O Hr lC 3 3 3 .o ,o 3d L3 i-O S r 1 5 H r H H o o o -PnpHP-ii^^iyjMCO ^^a aa p rV « S3 S3 HH ^3 ^3 LC o o o T5 I—S I—S o ^ CO © c r T H O 33 ,2 © 5 s ©a U1 . d !h c c o o co co c c • I—■ • fm LC LC © © 3 3 as • • « • of(0f0f-^r-iior-r-c50oo?co^co^^t705^o C5t^CO(Of05COCO(Of'—iiOCOCDi>HMCOODQOCO OOON^M-^iO^iOiOaOWOTQ® Of (Of OHCfC0 , #i0Ol^®05OHl0fC0 , #OCDl’00 COCOCOCOCOCOCOCOCOCO^’^^rfi'^^'J'^^ 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 rHrHi—li—(I—(^i-Lr-IrHrHr-tr-IrHr-lr-li—(i—Ir-li—( 40 CENSUS OF CHARLESTON. PUBLIC CHARITIES. In endeavoring to make some estimate of the amounts which have been and are expended in this community for benevolent purposes, it is not pretended to convey the idea that anything like the sums really devoted to these purposes by the benevolent and chari¬ table have been accurately ascertained. A large amount is annually contributed by churches and indi¬ viduals for temporary aid to one or other of the chari¬ table, moral or religious associations, of which sums no record can be kept; they serve the purpose for which they were intended and are forgotten, save by those who have received the benefit. The daily calls thus made upon the community are promptly responded to, and could the aggregate of the amounts so expended be ascertained, it would equal, if not exceed, the sums which are ostensibly known. The sums annually devoted to benevolent purposes is large, if it be considered that it is contributed by a white population of only 14,187 persons, and is destined solely for the relief only of the whites and free colored, whose number only reaches 15,679. The slave popu- * lation requires no relief from public charities ; in old age and decrepitude they become a charge upon the master, by whom it is borne with alacrity and cheer¬ fulness- Neither is it believed that the following list contains the names or charities of all the benevolent or moral associations that exist in the community. There are many smaller societies connected with the various churches, the names and objects of which are only known to the benevolent founders and the recipients of their charity, which each expend annually one to three hundred dollars in the relief of poverty and sickness. The names of some of the larger and more wealthy PUBLIC CHARITIES. 41 societies have also been omitted from the inability to obtain the accurate knowledge that was desirable. In almost all instances applications to the officers of the several societies for information as to the amount of their annual charities have been met with prompt and cheerful acquiescence, in no case has information been refused, in a few only has it been promised, but with¬ held, perhaps, chiefly from the want of time on the part of the officers to overlook their books. The following table exhibits the name and date of foundation of the charitable associations, with the amount of their annual charities. about about 2,000 2,790 1,500 300 Amount annually ex- Name of Society. Date of Charter. pended in charity. South-Carolina Society, 1736 $8,305 St. Andrews’ Society, Fellowship Society, German Friendly Society, St. George’s Society, Society for the relief of the Widows and Orphans of the Clergy of the Protes¬ tant Episcopal Church of South-Carolina, Mechanics Society, Hebrew Orphan Society, 1801 Ladies’ Benevolent Society, Methodist Female Friendly Society, I. O. O. F., of South-Ca¬ rolina, (four Lodges in Charleston) average an¬ nual charities for 7 years, New England Society. Besides these, there are other charitable associa¬ tions which do not give money to their beneficiaries, 6 3,500 900 1,300 800 238 2,889 01 200 42 CENSUS OF CHARLESTON. but who relieve their necessities in other and equally substantial ways, such as the distribution of food, fuel, clothing, supplying nurses during sickness, &c. &c. There is also another class of societies who have but a small stated income, and who expend no specified an¬ nual sum in charities, but which give succor and relief to distressed seamen, provide for them, when in port, a home free from the temptations and debaucheries of Sailor’s boarding houses, and also procure for them the services of a regular pastor. Of the annual expendi¬ tures of these two classes of societies no estimate can be formed. Their annual income is limited, and when in need of funds in aid of their charitable purposes, they are assisted by donations from individuals and col¬ lections from the various churches. In some of the larger and more wealthy associations specified above, the annual charities are small in pro¬ portion to their income and their funds, in consequence of the small number of persons who come within the scope of their charities, of this number is the New r England Society. An effort was also made to ascertain the sums which had been given by private individuals for religious, charitable or educational purposes. The following ta¬ ble exhibits these amounts, so far as they could be as¬ certained : Purpose. Name of Donor. Amount. Charleston College—to found a Professorship—late Elias Horry, $10,000 “ “ “ “ contributed by citizens, 20,000 South Carolina Society—to increase its Funds—Gabriel Mani- gault,.-' 22,222 22 Hibernian Society,—for relief of distressed Emigrants—Judge Burke,.- 10,000 Medical Society of South Carolina—to establish a Hospital— Thomas Roper. Estimated.. 40,000 City Council—to establish a Dispensary—Alexander Shirras. Estimated. ------ - 15,000 PUBLIC CHARITIES. 43 Purpose. Name of Donor. Amount. City Council—to establish a Foundling Hospital—Miss Aiken. Estimated. - .- 5,000 Orphan House—to establish a fund for its support, 61,809 06 Charleston Port Society—to support a Minister for Seamen— John Hoff, - --.- 10,000 Society for relief of Widows and Orphans of Protestant Episco¬ pal Church in South Carolina—for the relief and support of distressed, disabled, and superannuate Ministers of the P. E. Church in South Carolina—Francis Withers, 20,000 South Carolina Society—donationsto 1845, from various sources. 19,298 41 Of the above donations, those which are marked “ estimated” were gifts of real estate, the value of which has been calculated by the amount of interest which it produces. Of the public charities of the city, the most noble and beneficent is the Orphan House. Under the Act of the Legislature of 1783 incorporating the City of Charleston, the care of providing lor the poor and educating and maintaining poor orphan children was devolved upon the City Council. In 1790 the City Council passed an Ordinance for the “ establishment of an Orphan House in Charleston, for the purpose of supporting and educating poor orphan children, and those of poor, distressed and disabled parents who were unable to support and maintain them.” Under this Ordinance the corner store of the present edifice was laid by John Huger, Esq., Intendant of Charleston, on the 12th November, 1792, and the building having been completed, the Commissioners on 18th October, 1794, introduced into the institution 115 children, the objects of the charity. The number of orphan children who have been received into the institution, nurtured and educated, since its origin, have a little exceeded sixteen hundred. The number in it at any time have never been less than 102 children, the greatest number 175; the latter was too many for comfortable accom¬ modation. The female children and boys under seven 44 CENSUS OF CHARLESTON. years of age occupy one wing of the building—the larger boys the other. The officers consist of a Stew¬ ard, Matron, School-master, School-mistress, Sewing- mistress, and five female nurses. No adult male resides within the walls of the institution but the Steward. The institution is governed by a Board of Commission¬ ers, annually elected by Council, who meet weekly and regulate its affairs, superintend the conduct of the officers and admit children. The Commissioners ap¬ point a board of Ladies, Commissioners, who aid them in superintending the domestic economy of the house, attend to the management of the female departments, the clothing of the children, w ashing, mending, and such various duties as pertain most to female superintend¬ ance. The ladies meet weekly, and enter in a book their recommendations to the Board of Commissioners, and inform them of the domestic w ants of the institution. There is a male school on the premises, out of the walls, but within the enclosure of the house, and a female school within the walls. In both, the ordinary branches of English education are taught; the boys are also employed in keeping the premises clean, grinding corn, &c,, and the girls are taught sewing, washing, &c. If a boy exhibits talents, combined with high character, which attract the notice of his teachers, and of the Commissioners, he is sent to the High School of Charleston for preparatory College education either in Columbia or Charleston. The liberality of the City Council has provided for his education at the High School and Charleston College—the State of South Carolina at the Columbia College. There is a Sunday School in the institution, managed and attended to by a superintendent and male and female teachers from various churches in the city; also an infant Sunday school. The health of the children is remarkable, PUBLIC CHARITIES. 45 arising partly from locality, food, cleanliness, regular habits, confinement within the large enclosure, where exercise can be freely taken, and partly from prompt, experienced and skilful medical supervision. The average mortality for a series of years would not exceed 1.50 per cent., which is extraordinary, when it is con¬ sidered that the children are taken from the poorest classes of society and predisposed to disease from pre¬ vious scanty, unwholesome food, defect of attention, poverty, distress, &c. The boys are apprenticed out to trades or mercantile pursuits, in the city or country, at about the age of 14 years, and are bound until 21 years of age. The girls are apprenticed to female oc¬ cupations, or as assistants in families, until the age of 18 years, when free by law. Most of the latter turn out well; marry and settle down quietly as respectable mothers of families. The instances to the contrary are few. Many boys from the institution have been an honor and ornament to it. Several have attained high rank in the Navy, at the Bar, in the Legislature, in the Pulpit, in the Medical profession, and as Classical In¬ structors. Within the walls of the inclosure a Chapel has been erected, in which services are performed on every Sabbath, in the morning by one of the Commis¬ sioners in rotation, in the afternoon by the Ministers of one or other of the various Churches. An effort also has been made to ascertain the amounts devoted to religious purposes annually in the commu¬ nity, but it was found impracticable to obtain such in¬ formation as could give an accurate idea of, or even an approximation to the sum expended for this purpose, and the purpose was reluctantly abandoned. 46 CENSUS OF CHARLESTON. PAUPERISM. Pauperism is the inevitable accompaniment of cities; in extent and degree it varies much in different places. There are two classes of persons in this city who re¬ ceive the benefits of public charity. I. Those who are admitted into the Poor .House, and are there sup¬ ported. 2. Those who receive daily stipulated quan¬ tities of food distributed from the house, but who live at their own homes. The first are denominated pau¬ pers, the second out-door pensioners. In addition to these two classes of paupers, there is attached to the Poor House, and in the same building, a Hospital into which are received all such sick persons as may apply for admission ; and within the same inciosure, in a separate building, is a lunatic department, for the use and benefit of the pauper lunatics of the city. The management of the whole pauper system is committed to the charge of twelve citizens, appointed annually by the City Council, and called Commissioners of the Poor. The board, thus constituted, has charge of all that pertains to the government of the Pauper, Plospi- tal and Lunatic departments. They also regulate the admissions into the house, the number of out-door pen¬ sioners, and the quantity of food distributed among them. In addition to these charitable purposes the institution is used, in a measure, as a house of correction for the lighter classes of offences decided every morn¬ ing in the Mayor’s Court, such as drunkenness, riotous and disorderly conduct, &c. &c. From these several purposes to which the institution is applied, the number of persons admitted annually into the house far exceed the number of those who apply for admission from poverty or inability to obtain the means of subsistence. The records of the house, however, do not distinguish PAUPERISM. 47 the different classes of admissions, they have, therefore, necessarily been placed under one and the same head. The tables which follow have been compiled from the records of the house, and contain as manv facts as could be obtained. In the following table will be found the number of persons received into the house for 18 years, including those admitted as paupers, as sick, as lunatics, and for punishment: Years NUMBER OF PERSONS. HOW DISPOSED OF. In the house. 1 Admitted j Born. Total Discharged or Eloped. Indented. Died. Remaining. 1830 112 440 ! a 552 392 a 38 112 1831 105 349 1 ii 454 275 a 25 105 1832 107 350 1 458 347 u 25 107 1833 114 346 a 460 294 2 29 114 1834 127 341 2 470 282 3 52 127 1335 103 371 1 475 299 4 32 103 1836 84 373 ii 457 307 a 76 84 1837 88 340 ii 428 345 3 40 88 1838 115 357 1 473 260 2 101 115 1839 112 595 ii 707 501 1 72 112 Total. 1,067 3,862 5 4,934 3,302 490 1,067 Av’age. 106 386 493 330 49 106 1840 91 501 a 592 456 2 55 91 1841 94 426 1 521 423 23 94 1842 102 322 a 424 295 u 12 102 1843 104 351 2 457 302 it 30 104 1844 95 428 a 523 398 it 24 95 1845 110 314 a 424 315 1 24 110 1846 96 354 2 452 315 tt- 22 96 1847 114 352 4 470 343 4 19 114 1848 88 410 1 499 ' 354 it 23 88 Total. 894 3,458 10 4,362 3,201 7 232 894 Av’age. 1 99 384 Jl.l 486 356 25 99 The largest number of persons in the house at any one time amounted to 162, in 1827; the smallest num¬ ber was 75, in 1841. In the ten years, 1830-39, the largest number of admissions into the house were in 1839—the smallest number was in 1837. The mean number in the house in the series of years were very nearly equal; and the mean number admitted, in the two 48 CENSUS OF CHARLESTON. series, was very nearly the same—the difference being only seven. The greatest difference in the two series of years is in the average number of deaths, being within one of being twice as large in the first series as in the second. The following table exhibits the number of persons admitted in the house during nineteen years—from 1830 to 1848; the number of persons who received relief as out-door pensioners ; the number who received relief as transient poor; and the number of paupers, permanent residents of the city. Year. (Jut-door Pensioners. Admissions into Poor House. Total. Transient Poor. Permanent Poor. Total. 1830 251 440 694 347 347 694 1831 236 349 585 291 294 585 1832 275 350 625 295 330 625 1833 255 346 601 284 317 601 1834 178 341 519 284 235 519 1835 198 371 569 301 268 569 1836 187 373 560 314 246 560 1837 162 348 502 296 206 502 1838 122 357 479 329 150 479 1839 130 595 725 535 190 725 1840 124 501 625 443 182 625 1841 162 426 588 378 210 588 1842 161 322 483 281 202 583 1843 182 351 533 303 230 533 1844 138 428 566 366 200 566 1845 141 314 455 280 175 455 1846 139 354 493 304 189 493 1847 155 352 507 294 213 507 1848 153 410 563 347 216 563 j Totals. 3,352 7,320 10,672 6,272 4,400 10 672 SEXES. Year. Males. Females. Totals. 1830 418 276 694 1831 345 240 585 1832 383 242 625 1833 363 238 601 1834 322 197 519 1835 317 252 569 1836 312 248 560 ‘ 1837 262 240 502 1838 243 236 479 1839 418 307 725 PAUPERISM. 49 SEXES— Continued. Year. Males. Females. Totals. 1840 331 294 625 1841 304 284 588 1842 246 237 483 1843 326 207 533 1844 365 201 566 1845 262 193 455 1846 251 242 493 1847 267 240 507 1848 304 259 563 Totals. 6,039 4,633 10,672 The next table exhibits the places of birth of the paupers who received admission into the house, and of those who received out-door relief. It will be seen from this table, that of the former, the largest number were born out of Charleston; of the latter, the largest number were natives. PAUPERISM. Year. BORN IN UNITED STATES. BORN OUT OF THE U. STATES. Unknown. Total admitted into Poor House. Ill Charles¬ ton. Out of Charles¬ ton. In Ireland. In other places. 1830 93 147 83 117 440 1831 58 114 71 106 349 1832 55 112 83 100 350 1833 62 109 56 119 346 1834 57 112 56 116 341 1835 70 142 52 107 371 1836 59 143 72 98 1 373 1837 44 113 78 105 340 1838 28 116 93 120 357 1839 60 186 187 162 595 1840 58 164 148 131 501 1841 48 91 165 122 426 1842 41 94 91 96 322 1843 48 96 105 102 351 1844 62 101 126 139 428 1845 34 61 108 110 1 314 1846 50 109 106 89 354 1847 58 103 ll5 75 1 352 1848 63 107 164 74 2 410 Total 1,048 2,220 1,959 2,088 5 7,320 7 50 CENSUS OF CHARLESTON. OUT-DOOR PENSIONERS. Year. BORN IN UNITED STATES. BORN OUT OF THE U. STATES. Unknown. Total Relieved. lu Charles¬ ton. Out of Charles¬ ton. In Ireland. In other places. 1830 132 69 21 32 254 1831 127 67 16 26 236 1832 139 88 19 29 275 1833 126 73 21 35 255 1834 73 74 12 19 178 1835 80 85 16 17 198 1836 87 79 7 14 187 1837 75 59 7 21 162 1838 80 31 4 7 122 1839 64 30 8 28 130 1840 55 44 10 15 124 1841 74 59 10 19 162 1842 79 47 16 19 161 1843 93 33 20 36 182 1844 84 27 13 14 138 1845 84 18 22 15 2 141 1846 74 25 25 15 139 1847 76 . 27 33 19 155 1848; 81 26 34 12 153 Total 1,683 961 314 392 2 3,352 Cost of Pauperism. —According to the pauper system established in this State, an annual amount is contributed by the State towards the support of the transient poor of the city. The sum thus contributed is based upon a report made annually to the Legislature by the Commissioners of the Poor, of the number of persons receiving relief during the preceding year. The following table exhibits the total amount expended by the city for the support and relief of the Poor during six series of five years each, and also the amount con¬ tributed by the State during the same periods. The last series of five years present the income derived from the labor of the inmates during that period. It is to be regretted that the same information cannot be obtained for the preceding years—as the records of the house do not furnish this item. PAUPERISM. 51 Years. Cost of Pauperism. Income from labor. Paid by State. Net expense to City. 1819 to 1823 100,707 34 tt 59,000 41,707 34 1824 to 1828 72,279 67 a 48,000 24,279 67 1829 to 1833 46,417 50 “ 22,500 23,917 50 1834 to 1838 50,948 95 a 22,500 28,448 95 1839 to 1843 50,489 17 u 22,500 27,989 17 1844 to 1848 38,789 37 4,890 03 22,500 11,399 34 In the first period of five years, in the foregoing table, it will be seen that pauperism within the limits of the City of Charleston, cost the State and City, combined, the large sum of 100,707 34 ; whilst in the last five the cost was only 38,789 37; a diminution in the expense of pauperism, in a period of thirty years, of 61,917 97. The difference in the number of paupers now and for the first period, viz: from 1819 to 1824, varies but lit¬ tle, and cannot account for this vast difference in the expense of maintenance; it must be attributed, there¬ fore, mainly to the zeal and economy with which the different boards of Commissioners have administered the affairs of the Institution. In the last five years the sum of 4,890 03 is given as the income from labor; if to this were added the value of the stone cracked, and from which the City draws the benefit in macadamizing the streets, (which valuation, however, is difficult to fix) it would be found that the net annual expense to the City for the support of the poor is very trifling, not exceeding the sum of one thousand dollars- It has been stated above that no proper record has been kept of the annual admissions of Lunatics into the house. We are therefore only able to give the present numbers in the Lunatic department, and from the dif¬ ferent wards in the City from which they have been sent. WHITES. SLAVES AND FREE COLORED. WARDS. Insane. Idiotic. Deaf and Dumb. Insane. Idiotic. Deaf and Dumb. 1 3 0 1 0 0 1 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 1 1 1 2 0 0 4 17 0 3 0 0 1 52 CENSUS OF CHARLESTON. CRIME. The Courts which take cognizance of crimes and misdemeanors in the City of Charleston are the Courts of General Sessions. The City Court, the Magistrates Court, and the Police or Mayor’s Court. The Court of General Sessions have jurisdiction extending over the entire Judicial District of Charles¬ ton, and embraces the City within these limits. In this Court all manner of crimes and misdemeanors can be tried, except the trial of free negroes and slaves. The City Court has jurisdiction only within the cor¬ porate limits of the City, and can only try offences against the City Ordinances, and all misdemeanors occurring within the City, such as assault, battery, grand and petit larcenies, &c.; the trial is always by jury. The Magistrates Court has jurisdiction over the crimes and misdemeanors committed by free negroes and slaves, and extends to life. This Court is regula¬ ted by Statute of the State, and has jurisdiction through¬ out the Parishes of St. Philips and St. Michaels, em¬ bracing within these limits the City of Charleston. The only class of persons who can be criminally tried before this Court is that of persons of color, and the trial is by a jury of free-holders. The Police or Mayor’s Court is held daily by the Mayor for the trial of riotous and disorderly persons assaulting the peace of the City. This Court has the power to inflict corporal punishment, by whipping, on persons of color, for disturbing the peace of the City; and as an ex-officio Magistrate, the Mayor has power to apprehend and commit to jaol, by warrant, white persons committing crimes and misdemeanors within the city. CRIME. 53 The District jaol is the common place for confining white persons guilty of offences, both for the City and District, and no separate record is kept discriminating between the two. Persons of color, under sentence of death, are also usually confined in this jaol. The City Work House is the place of confinement, generally, for slaves who have committed misdemea¬ nors, or who are detained for trial, and who are lodged for punishment. No accurate records distinguish the offences committed within the City from those commit¬ ted without the corporate limits. The City Guard House is used for the confinement of white persons disturbing the peace of the City, and of persons of color who may be found in the streets after the ringing of the last bell without written per¬ mission ; and all persons so confined are tried at the Mayor’s Court on the morning after their commitment. The jurisdictions of the Court of General Sessions and City Court being concurrent for certain classes of offences, and the records of the jaol not discriminating between persons committed for offences in the City and without its limit, render it impossible for us to pre¬ pare any statistical information in regard to crime which would be satisfactory or could be relied upon. EDUCATION OF THE POPULATION. In 1811 the Legislature of the State passed an Act authorizing the immediate establishment of Free schools throughout the State; allowing to each district as many schools as Representatives sent to the Gene- * 54 CENSUS OF CHARLESTON. ralfAssembly. The allowance for each school was fixed at three hundred dollars, making an annual ap¬ propriation of $37,000, which, at 5 per cent., would be the interest on a capital of $740,000; this appears to be a liberal allowance, but it is entirely inadequate to carry out the object desired, particularly in those dis¬ tricts which cover a large extent of ground, and are thinly populated. The number of Representatives from Charleston District being seventeen the sum of 5,100 is annually received to defray the expenses of five Free Schools, four of which are located in the City and one on the Neck. These schools are conducted by five teachers, three males and two females; the former receiving a salary of 1,200 each, and the latter 750 each. From this salary the teachers are required to furnish a school room, and often, owing to the poverty of the scholars, they are compelled to furnish books, no allowance being made by the State for this purpose, so that after all expenses are deducted the teacher receives but a tri¬ fling sum for the arduous duties of instructing from 80 to 100 pupils. The whole Free School system is under the direc¬ tion of a Board of Commissioners appointed by the Legislature every three years for each election district. The Commissioners have the power of appointing Trustees to assist in the discharge of their duties—the services of both being gratuitous. They likewise have the following powers: 1. To fix the localities of schools. 2. To divide the election districts into divi¬ sions, assigning to each division one Commissioner with the delegated power of the Board and three Trus¬ tees. 3. To appoint school-masters, after having ex¬ amined applicants, and to remove them if found to be unworthy the trust. 4. To decide on the admission of EDUCATION. 55 scholars. 5. To arrange the system of instruction. 6. To unite the Free School fund, appropriated to their several Boards, with the funds of private schools for the purpose of instructing as many poor scholars as it will pay for. 7. To draw on the State Treasury for the sum due in favor of each teacher, naming him, the num¬ ber of his school, division, and time of service. 8. To superintend, generally, the management of the schools in their respective districts. 9.- On the fourth Monday in October, to make a regular return to the Legislature or to such person as the Legislature may appoint, of the number of months each school has been kept open; of the number of scholars attending each ; and of the sums drawn on account of each school. There are likewise penalties attached for the neglect of a Commissioner in the performance of any of the above duties; but as long as their is no head to super¬ intend the general movement of the whole system, we fear that but little benefit will accrue to the State from the present Free School system. The following is the last report of the Commission¬ ers for Charleston, and simply specifies the number of scholars, not even distinguishing between the males and females: Scholars. Money expended. School No. L 132 1200 “ 2 82 1200 “ 4 80 750 “ 5 100 750 Total. 394 3900 The average time that these scholars remain at school is five years; and the average cost of each, per annum, about $10. They are instructed in orthogra¬ phy, reading, writing, grammar and arithmetic. 56 CENSUS OF CHARLESTON. The High School of Charleston was founded by an Ordinance of the City Council in the year 1839, with a view of placing within the reach of every citizen, in connection with the College of Charleston, the means of giving his sons a complete liberal education, with¬ out the necessity of sending them away from under the parental eye and guardianship, and the wholesome and restraining influence of home, kindred and friends, during the most critical periods of their lives. The Ordinance ratifying the institution was ratified in May and the school went into operation on the first of July following : and in order to place the institution “ on a firm and lasting foundation” the public faith of the City is pledged to pay annually, for one hundred years, the sum of one thousand dollars towards forming “ a per¬ manent and accumulating fund” for its benefit. The income arising from this fund, together with that derived from tuition, is to be expended for the improvement and enlargement of the school. The care and super¬ vision of the school is lodged in a Board of Supervi¬ sors, consisting of the Mayor and four Aldermen of the City, (ex officio) and six Trustees of the College, who elect the Teachers and perform the other duties ordinarily assigned to such a Board, subject to the con¬ trol and approval of the Council. The course of study in this institution is extensive : embracing the English, French, and Classical Langua¬ ges, together with Mathematics and the 'Natural Sciences. It is divided into two departments—the Classical and the English—into either of which boys can enter at the option of their parents. According to the regulations adopted by the Board of Supervisors, boys are admitted as soon as they 46 can spell correctly, read fluently, and are acquainted with the four fundamental rules of Arithmetic.” Scholars EDUCATION. 57 usually enter at ten years of age, but some as early as eight or nine, and continue six or seven years, accord¬ ing as they go through a greater or less part of the course. The building is located on the south side of Society street, and was erected in 1842, at an expense of 16,000 dollars. It is three stories high, the lower story form¬ ing a Chapel. The business of the institution is con¬ ducted by a Principal, who has entire control of the studies and discipline of the school, and by three assis¬ tants. The expense of tuition is fixed at $10 per quar¬ ter. The average number of pupils in the school since its commencement has been between 130 and 150, and the whole number that have entered is very near eight hundred. The Charleston College was chartered in 1791, with all the powers usually granted to Colleges. But for many years it existed rather as an Academy or Gram¬ mar School than a College. About the year 1824 it was revised as a Collegiate Institution, with a Grammar School attached, and continued so until the year 1837, when it was re-organized by an arrangement between the Trustees and the City Council, whereby a surren¬ der of all the property of the College was made to the City Council, in trust, fou the purpose of re-establish¬ ing and maintaining the Institution upon a more im¬ proved plan. The Council is chargeable with the ex¬ penses of the College in case of the inadequacy of tuition fees and other income of the College, and acquiring the right of appointing Trustees, and also of being represented in the Board by members of their own body. The arrangement, so made, was confirmed by an Act of the Legislature, and the College has since continued to flourish, and now gives every promise of complete success. 8 58 CENSUS OF CHARLESTON. Two new Professorships have lately been established: one of Belles Letters, which is supported by the liberal subscription of the citizens of Charleston and its vici¬ nity—the other of Natural History, which is maintain¬ ed by the interest arising from the annual appropriation of one thousand dollars for the formation of a City College fund under the Ordinance of the 6th May, 1839, and which has been accumulating up to the present time. The expense of tuition in this Institution is eighty dollars per annum, and the class of the present year numbers sixty-seven. The only two Libraries of any extent in Charleston are the Charleston Library Society, incorporated in 1754, and the Apprentices’ Library Society, instituted in 1824. In the fire which occurred in 1778 the Charleston Library was almost entirely destroyed—it is at present, however, in a flourishing condition and contains upwards of twenty thousand volumes. The Apprentices’ Library contains about four thousand volumes—collected principally by donations. During the summer months Lectures are given on various branches of science, by one of its members, every two weeks ; it is in a thriving condition, and well answers the purpose for which it was instituted. There are three daily papers published in the City, each of which have a large circulation, and are ably conducted. There is likewise a Medical Journal pub¬ lished bi-monthly—the Southern Review published quarterly. i COMMERCIAL STATISTICS 59 COMMERCIAL STATISTICS. Under this head, more appropriately than any other, must the sources of the wealth of the City be arranged. Possessing but few manufacturing establishments, and therefore no intrinsic sources of wealth, it is to her commerce alone,—her exports, her imports,—her re¬ ceipts and sales of produce from the interior, and the supply afforded in return—that she must depend for an increase of prosperity and wealth. No effort has ever been made hitherto to collect and arrange, in one con¬ nected series, all the attainable materials which go to make up this source of her prosperity. It has conse¬ quently been a work of much labor to bring together all the materials for the construction of the following tables. Some of it has been collected from private sources; some from published records and documents; and some from official sources. For the information comprised under this head, em¬ bracing the subjects of Navigation and Tonnage, Im¬ ports, Exports, Crops, &c. dec., we are indebted to Mr. John B. DeSaussure, Factor of this City, whose practical knowledge of commercial matters is a suffi¬ cient guarantee of the accuracy of the tables. These are given as they have been furnished to us, without comment. They are so full as to afford in themselves almost a complete history of the commerce of Charles¬ ton, upon the subjects embraced in the tables. 60 CENSUS OF CHARLESTON £ 8 e c to ~ o *G -t-o to ° w to to*- 5 tc^ •S."^ to c© 2 O to .s C© —««> Co to 'to K f-CS 1"^ •*£» 1 C * W •+^> • h*> O Co rv to to -to CO . « O s w 8 to r • *■£ "g °Q §.S »• o S to ^ CO to Co ftoi to to -to r '-*4 Co to CO to V- ^ ^3 o • to to S •«** to Sto A ° ^ g Ww rH o to^ ^ -*h> o ^ ro ^ to o to. ^ **o b »s 'w Oj to 0 >0 to Cc to to H 1 -to CO * •>• Co ?2 ** to^ *Ka Co £ cO r*to. o Sh> <0 § oto o* ^ *g -*r * c _ Co to 04 r>. to to to n to * 04 o G a> in G o hr< m G O 0? rG G Tj O to O o to © r—< 02 r£3 £ Xfl "o in m © > 'of) G '-5 J3 U G • rH in to <1 > w tf tf Total. ^Ha)^CiCOQOHH(MHCi iQ CO O »~h rH r—i 00 CO O O r—i O' rH rH rH rH rH rH rH rH rH rtt CO CM r-H Steamboats OCiHC)C5000C0 0100CO xo rH r—l rH rH Sloops. OiCiO0^OHOOHOO^ 'H rH rH p-H rH rH rH H rH iH rH 00 10 iH Schooners. >QH>ofi«comooocoo t^r^OiOiOCO'ct'CMCM^'OiO CO 0 CO Brigs. (MCOCOOO^COCO^hOO CO Cl rH Cl Cl r““l rH H Cl rH rH CO CM ©1 Ships. HCCClCOOO^OGOhO ClrHiHrHr—irHrHrH rHrHrH 02 IT- rH iH CO 00 i—i r-4 -i _o "C c ^ ^Cn .44 t* O 0 a « !©<=- 3^ 3 aT-j o o * H- O Eh Total. CMI—lOOOrftU'CO^CDCOr-1 O^COCOOCiiOHCOCOCOd i—i r-H r—t r—t r—t ^ *™t 02 CO ©1 rH Steamboats t' O ^ O © to H CO C- t" rH rH H CO Sloops. TfCOCOffiOCO^tOOO'OO© i—1 r—t r—l r-t r—l CM r—t 0 0 r—t Schooners. ^©Clt'r-I(MOO(M(N©I^OO C'rrt-COiOiOCMtMHCOOCO rH ©1 CO Brigs. iooooo©HtOHOOia(MC COHrttMOlHrIH r-t CM r—1 H rH ©1 Ships. CM 00 to CO 00 CM CO 00 CO O H O Ol r—t r—l CM l—1 r—t r™H CM CM r—1 r- co o CO CO ^H rC -02 "2 "C r»~. 2 > O O O ^ Ph C3 3 'G P 02 O O CO ^5ttorCo<3^l—Jl—5 rH Cl GO Cl C1C1C1HHOOCO^COC5^C5 rH |H rH rH H rH rH CO t— CM H Steamboats GO O CO O O h d h C rH rH iH rH 0 00 Sloops. ootMcor-£^r'-c'OcocD*o!>^< 1—1 1—1 1—1 1—1 CM GO CM rH Schooners. CO©HM©©(MCOCO(MCOCO COi l »0>051CMCOCOCO'1’CDa) co CO iO Brigs. iO'OOr-ttMOOrl'iClCOt'OO© CM CM CO CM CO r—l r—l r—l r—t CM CO 5 ©1 Ships. CCOHCO^COOCOQhCO^ rH Cl rH Cl CO rH rH rH CO CO 0 CO ©1 02 CM 00 > —i -4 Gh ^ r>^i OX) J -* (^J ^0 J5 p-« S"3 ^ 00 0 cu "ci ~4—' 0 Eh — Total. CMO»C5Ht-0»0—iCM asaiooioiorfoocoio r—l r—t CO GO 1 ' Steamboats L^COt^iO Cl Tt O rH rH Tt 1 Sloops. OCIO^^O^GO^ rH rH H Cl H H O rH Schooners. OOOt'WfflCOCOt' 'rfCMCOC-l^r-iCMHiO H rH CO Brigs. ^mor-ttoocococc CM CM CM r—t HH(Nm 00 CO r—l Ships. -tO©t'lC5(Mt'COiCJ r—t CM r—l CM CO CO O O i-H GO Cl ■fi >> 2 >4 &b' > o NAVIGATION AND TONNAGE 61 3 o r-1 • pH aj m J-t O rs a> Xfi 3 O Total. OOOChCD^hiOhoOhCI C0rt l >OM^rH05iO>Ot»05'-i pH rH pH r-H pH rH pH Tt* O CO pH Steamboats CMM0)00(MCDC0(MC0OH CO r—l I—1 H H oi Sloops. CO CO © r-' 00 (M 00 00 00 05 (M H CON (M rH rH 1631 Schooners. DOOO(NCDCO(M^ff)COfN03 E'-t-OOCOCOCO-^CMCMCO'^-'t 637 Brigs. cMoocsocicocoL'-Cit-Tt*© !M (M (M (M (N rt H rH rH r-H GO CM Ol Ships. u5 05(D>0(MCTMmOHOH r-1 r-H l-H i—1 CM r-li—1 i—1 rH i—I t—1(71 CO 00 rH i 1831 Jan. Feb. Mar. April May June July Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. -f— 1 O Eh Departures, including all vessels, whether cleared at the Custom E clearing. Total. tOCOCO^QrfOOOOlOOin C'(M(r>T^cqo5ooco^c-airH rH t-H rH i-H 1 —1 r—| 0 05 CM pH Steamboats 1 C i H (M rH n 00 CO HH t-H rH CO Sloops. - — O CO O CO i—i 00 >0 O CO (M OO CD l(M H (M H H rHrHT-H|Tt( 1 I-H Schooners. OCTHOOOOOCMOiOiOOO | i —h ffliOCOt'CO’J'^rHCOCOiO'^ j Hf 1 CO Brigs. OJ-fomcorH'^coco^ooo |o CO (M 05 (M Ol (M H rH CM 1 CO 1 CM Ships. OC005^005050)1C500C01C5 CO (M !M (M Ol IH r -1 I-H(M p CM 1830 drd %% > d S ° vS S 3 P ® CJ O Oj '-^^^<1^!—st-s C5C003COT)ICO(M^O HClOHH05iOiO«5>OOTf i-H t-H t-H i-H i-H i-H 00 0 pH pH Steamboats OChOIhOONhhnOC 05 1 —It— 1 rH —H t— Sloops. GOOOOOt-COiQCOOOOOt- ICO rH rH rH r-H j O 1 rH Schooners. QC3Ht'05ioTiirtn^05co CO CM tT CO Cl CM CO CO CM Tf CO 4471 Brigs. iQHiociconTfooocMH^ CO CO CM CM CM CM rH rH T-H CM Cl CM co CM Ships. COOOCOCOO(MOOCOhCOO) d r-H (M rH CO CO rH pH pH Cl t~ pH OJ i k 1829 C? ^ h ***> ^ 0 "^ -a-! *> O Total Total. lOOiCOCOiO-POifC- ooor-coicjcoiono pH 643 Steamboats GO ^ rt to ^ O pp rH Sloops. f-HiOt^OOOiOl^rHCO 1 O pH pH pH j |y» 1 Schooners. OOCO^MMhhCOCO CMCMCMr-HCOCMrHCMCM 00 0 CM Brigs. coascoooiocorHt^ (M CM H (N rH rHrHCM O s Ships. cMiOt— ilT-OOCMTfCMOO H Cl CM H T-H CM CO 05 1C 1828 Jan. Feb. Mar. April May June July Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Total 62 CENSUS OF CHARLESTON. Monthly Arrivals—continued ♦ Total. C0(M00(MiO»O(MrHt'iQrtO5 T*-ico(Noor~cDr'-C5*ac^ l-H l"H |-H 1—1 I-H l—| i-H 1320 Steamboats oo)coo(M(Ncoaoom'>f n r-< rH i-H ,-H r-l 00 50 i-H Sloops. ^ d *0 r-H r-H r-H r-H Q} r-H CO CO Schooners. OO'MOOJOJiQfN'Hat'Cl t'cococoio^coc'imoico^ Cl 05 »o Brigs. ‘OCCICt'CCOOTfNOlcO COCOdCIOlF-irHOIOlClClCO 50 o CO Ships. -f-^OOOCOC0005'—i Cl Cl <-* rt 05 CO CO Cl CO Cl iO CO oo rH -0 _o 52 " 5-1 ^ At* ^l- 1 i p 6 rt Art § T3 O 57 o o a r 3 o Eh Total. 0)M(MtOOC5iX100rtrj(„ o:O50O5O5r-it'OiiOC5lO»O rH rH r-H r-H rH rH rH rH 1402 Steamboats COClOOOOOlHiOrtOOi 1 i—1 Cl i—1 1 -H r-1 i— (rHr— ( 05 2 Sloops. HiQC0C0C l lTtN^>QO3t'^ 05 H* Schooners. HMt'OOCOfflOlOCOOO! OTft~io»o-^C'iTf | r-ico»or- 30 JC- o Brigs. OOCOt-OMSOOinOrHCOrf COCIOOCOCIOIOIOICICOtFCO 05 o CO Ships. ^OCSCOCOiOTjiCOrHCOCOt' 00hC5O5(NOIhhhC0M5!| o oo Cl | 1834 Jan. Feb. Mar. April May June July Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Total 1 Total. OCOOiOJrfCOCOOCOOaiOO (nOOHffiOOCOrtOKO i-H i-H i-H t“H i-H i-H i"H i-H 1274 Steamboats OC)rHCOMt'ClCO»Qt'OiO rH r-H rH rH rH rH Is Sloops. TfOOCOCOCOCOiO'CClt-COt'- rf i—i t~ Schooners. concooKMOoimooi OiOiO-^T^TfeovocoeoiOE* 00 o o Brigs. MT?(MfOO(M»nt'CO»00 0505(MC0OIC0-HHHC005^ o o CO Ships. C050r-©i005C005t-50rHT* (Ml—1 H CM l-H rH COCOCO T* CO Cl 1833 -S i-Q Z2 *■* ■'T* C ^ ^"cLc+n 5- t> h Ph rt j=j ^ jy 15 o Eh Total. c«CH^cooocmoo t'COCOCOrfOiO'O'^Q-HOO rH rH rH rH rH rH rH rH 05 o CO rH Steamboats HHHCOffiOOOIrtOUQOCO rH rH rH rH rH rH rH co o rH Sloops. ooioi'-oc^coocododt- r- rH rH rH 00 Schooners. QOCO(D(?5CDO(OMQOC5H COJC-COtr^OiOClClClCOTjtCO CO 05 50 Brigs. (OCOi-'OCO'frHQOCIt'Clt' -^CMCOtMCOCMi-i i-i CM -> 2 >* > O P o =2 Art § 13 P CJ o o 0 J Total! Monthly Departures — continued. NAVIGATION AND TONNAGE | Total. doosioddddoot-rfd CO'^OTfCOOQOCCuOI'CiTlH rH rH r— 1 rH rH rH r —i o CO CO i-H [Steamboats O O (O (O CO i—i CO © CO CO i—i r-lr—It—1 i— It— lr—1 •— 1 i—I i—1 rH d CO »o [Sloops. iO CO Tf CO CO nH Tf rl O CO Schooners. C'H^t'COMrtCOhOlCOa ior^c^jc^coo-^dddcoTf rH 05 *o Brigs. OOOrtifJOOOCOOO^HH COCOTfCONHrlHHIMOqn CO o CO Ships. CO CO d H (M H r-H r-t rt o ia> d iO CO 00 i— 1 So ^ g's PS o O o «u £ ^ <$ § £ £ C x O £ ft ’"Si -H o eh Total. co co c- i -1 © c~ <—icicococoi—i ''td^CDOOt'-OOCOCOTt* l-H r—1 i-H i-H i-H l-H i-H i-H o CO CO rH Steamboats oooicooaoooooico 1— ( l-H l-H r-H CS r-H rHi-Hl-H CD rH Sloops. NTf^TjUOTf N(M(MHTfcO t~ CO Schooners. O O GO 05 < rf O »0 05 CO >-h 05 ©iOiOt'COCO(M(MHHOiO d *C Brigs. OOOOlt'IMOOlMt'OJ'tCOCO Tt o H Total. C-C-O^HiOOCO-^iOOOCOCD '^cocicodooor^ior~'-C O CO IQ O rt CO ffl (N rf r)( 05 lO Brigs. . MHOOOOOOCiOOt't'O COCOdCOdddi—1 H H n (M rH o CO Ships. (MQOt'O'HOOOt'COOCOCO co ■— t d d d d d d rH 50 d co „ CO 00 rH • rj -2 r- r*-. fc-' § j5\2 2 2 J2 r cJ -4—' o Total. oocDoocoodiCi-Ht'-coi-H HOCCOHdCOi'COiOOOCl l-H i-H rH l-H i-H i-H i-H Tj* I" d rH Steamboats OO^COt^^HHfOCJCNCI r-H rH r-H rH rH rH rH TP O rH Sloops. 00COO500dO5-^COCO»£5COr- CO >-1 00 Schooners. d >— lOt^COCOGOOCOOt^CO | iQCOOOO'fCOddCOdlM'# rH oo id Brigs. OlM'^COd00COdO5' l f'#(M dCOCOCOddi-Hi-H l-H d CO CO 00 d Ships. CCOOCCOrHOOCOOOt'Tf i-H CO CO i-H i—H Cl rH i-H i-Hd o d d Cl CO CO l-H CrP ^ S .£* > « 5 O O o r-H c3 H o Eh Monthly Arrivals — continued. 64 CENSUS OF CHARLESTON Total. O!>QO)iOO5C0(Mr'O3(M00iH OCTOOO^COOOCOrtO pH 05 pH pH p-1 H pH pH C5 C5 05 CO 05 ^H Steamboats OKMOOOlCOOCOOOOt'COCO Tf CO 50 Sloops. (MCOrtCOCOOINHCO Tfco o CO Schooners. ©cot'rtm>ocot'no(Mt' 05C5 00 00iOTf<0505COT)<05£p r-H o oo t- Brigs. ^rH00i0O'C , t'C0C0»Qt'00 CO CO CO 00 15 CO p- < 05 05 05 CO CO o CO CO Ships. i0C3i0pfir3O't©C5O(MO 05 C5 r-1 05 H C5 h (M oo CO 50 CO 05 05 CO oo t-H _• rj >5 2 > 6 S ^ S H ST o o a eg "o Eh Total. C0^05(jD»0 05 COt'C005'-i(J5 fflOOOlOCOOOCCOOH pH r— 1 t-H 05 pH pH pH pH 05 05 CO - CO 00 r-H Steamboats 05 O lO Tf CO 00 ^ 05 O C 05 H O5 05 05 O5COO5O5p © 13 O Eh Total. C5'Ot'OC5H 05 00 C0CDiOt' Hi#oOiOOOOCi05HHCl pH pH pH pH pH pH pH pH 05 H 00 rH CO rH Steamboats rf-rfpH05oocoo5cc> pH i—i 05 H h i—i 05 ' —i 050505 rH 05 Sloops. hcotJ mo5cohho5C^ 5 Schooners. 00 00 ph CO CO CD 05 05 pH ‘OL^C5)r*>OCO-^Tj < CO'ptipHO rH t-H 05 £ Brigs. 05 CO 00 05 CO i-h 00 ph © 05 O 05 COCOCOCOHCOHCOC005i*^ 05 t- co Ships. OOOi^CDCOCDt-OGOO^^ rH CD r-H t-H r-H r-H t-H t-H (M CO C^l 05 CO 05 r- co oo r-H r; _d £ ’£ >% 2 p^tb'o.^ > c5 E a? « p o O O « ^ Pm g ^ ^ £ <3 m O £ Q 13 -4-* o Eh Total. CD05iOCD05COiOtJ<05hhiO C005CD05rH0500n>OO^CO pH pH pH pH pH pH pH rH pH 05 o t-H Steamboats r-H r-H t-H r-H rH t-H t-H t-H t-H t-H 05 tp rH Sloops. h Tf 05 !D CO H h ^ CO H 05 05 Schooners. 05iO00OrfC0 0'5C0^HTf05 ^TM'C0^OTt'C005C0C0C0 oo 00 50 Brigs. cocotp-copHaintrHCOp^TtpH ^ 05 CO 05 CO 05 i—i 05 H 05 05 05 CO CO Ships. CO05HOl>OHH00TtlO3H^ 05 CO CO ph pH 05 ph h 05 CO ‘rf rH GO 05 CO CO 00 r-H • '~T, >,2 >, > o § a> Jx* yP 13 o Eh Monthly Departures — continued. NAVIGATION AND TONNAGE. {Total. j t' rH (M (M ^ 00 cq OO lO O rt M HM(N(MbCOr-iOOOOCOai (M CM d d t-H t-H t-H t-H i-H t—1 t-H 00 co rH Steamboats ci m Tj< (m c-i »o ^ co t'm o CO 10 10 Sloops. COrtCOCONiOCKMClrH CO O CO Schooners. COdiOOOCOOOOOiOCOCOdt'' o ci -h o o >n ci m ci ci co r-H t-H t-H 803 Brigs. cortiQiocooofociecieco Tj* CO CO CO Cl Cl Cl n d Cl CO 364 Ships. cocoiOrit'OO^GOkOoiaico CO Cl Cl Cl d Cl rt 1-H(M 00 CO CM 1839 S 0) 1^ Ph P 3 3 p OJ o O O) 4 S <1S £ h <1 m O £ Q [Total Total. CDO-^iOOOt-COCOOOCOTtTt OrtHODOOiOClCOCOCOHOl CM d CM t-H rH t-H rH rH 1 — 1 00 rH 00 rH Steamboats t—1 <— 1 t— ICOOOClrt!M>O^P-1 d d d .CM COCldHiHdClCO 276 Sloops. CO *0 d CO rH CM CM Schooners. Tt^tC0 O-iHOSOOCOiO^ClCl^CO pH t-H t-H rH co 00 Brigs. lOClCDClCOOt'rtijiOJOOO TfC0TfC0C0C0ClCdClrt(M»O 401 Ships. COCOdHOM^ffiOrtCOO CO CO d CO CO Cl p- 1 i-h CO 256! 1838 pH pP b "S C rb* ^°'HhM- S b ® O O-i P Mb ? a; O o D | Total Total. Cl^ClHQdCOh’ft'iMOO CO^t^iOrt<— iOOOCXJOO-^CTO pH r—l r—l i—l r—l r —1 r—l r—l i—l 1579 Steamboats !DC0O>0t'HOlC5OHi(D HHdMHddHHCKMCl 218 Sloops. MdTft'COddPHddiO CO Schooners. HOCOHOOOOOClHOOO cor-Ciooco^^-'^cococoao *—< £ Brigs. ^cioioiiooOpHCOiO'-ioor* Cl^COdCOddpHdCOd'^ 10 CD CO Ships. rH00)Odd»O>O^®dr-lO CO pH d Cl Cl H H pH r-H CM CO Tf< CO CM 1837 rib 3 ' 3 >»2 >»t5>tL*s > 6 ph =3 §3 5 © 0 0 a> r c3 O E-> Total. t-COHjipHrHClOOdtOOOCOTf CO t-H t” oO CO H O IT" CO O CO i—l i—l t-H r-H rH t-H rH t-H rH 00 CD CO t-H Steamboats HtttJlOt'OlCOHiOO'^t' CMrHrHtHrHi—It-Ht-H rHrHrH 00 !' rH Sloops. rH CO CO *0 H* CM rH CM CM CO CM Schooners. ooor-ooocMcir-coT^rHrH U0Tft't-k0r}■ 0 § 0 ) p pH^ 3 Cm P © 0 0 0 Total 66 CENSUS OF CHARLESTON L rrivals — continued. Total. conHCTOicoeioooc'Tj'cp r- t irt i —1 i—li—< r —1 rt rl H Ol oc r- r-H Steam boats ooiOrHrt«coffi>oniQioa) d oo o Sloops. fH d CO H »H d rH lO d «H Ol r-H Schooners. CDtMOrtiOCDt'QO^onOt' OOiOCDCOr^Tfr-ir-iCir^'^r^ 00 t" 1CS Brigs. t-©d*oood-'!fCT>C5T»
COTt-i CO rf< Cl tJ< d >0 1 28 | Schooners. iOCOOO-^COOOOOOiOCOCOCl 564 Brigs. COCOfMCOClCOCOOJOiHCliO cocqniMcicjrtHHMeon 296 In* s 1 Ships. Ot'^CDCOOOMCOOOrHfOt' N N rt rrt CO d 1841 January February March April May June July August Sept’ber. October Nov’ber. Dec’ber. 1 Total. Total. •^cocscoooajiodoioor^oo oM'CCc'oaooooiocot' Cl l~1 rt" lr— < 1 —If—1 1—1 r—t r—1 o t- r-H Steamboats COOCOOOJfflfflOMiOt'tt lO iO O It Tf CO CO CO rf if r- 00 Sloops. CO O Cl rt rt n 00 d o oo Schooners. OClHCOOOCOOOOdrtCl t't't'iOOCOCOCOCICOCOt' CO Brigs. oor-oood^cot'-r- o ci co 00 d 00 d d rtl »— 1 rrt rrt CO d d 288 Ships. c-oor^FrtCor^iooocoai d d d 00 d rtl irtdCld 2411 1840 January February March April May June July August Sept’ber. October Nov’ber. Dec’ber. Total. 1 NAVIGATION AND TONNAGE. Monthly Departures—continued . Total. COMNN'fOfltDOM'IM OCDr^OOiOTfOil^OOOCMO r-1 1 —< »-l »—li—1 I—1>—l_c0 0)t'»0rt»0'^'1 l t~cococD*0'*i-< Cl 1 2821 iO'-iCl"'t l t—4 00 Cl Schooners. ^OJCT-HcqooaiOH^n© 549 Brigs. ©O»OO'i<00C0 0Jt'^00C<3 NnNNOlHcqHHC^cqcq 277 Ships. I"1 , CO(M00^01COCOt>rHrH (M N CO CO rt rt ri d CO 235 1 1841 January February March April May June July August Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Total — Total. 010;>OH05iOir0000003H ^CJOOiOCDCOOlt'OOr-uOCO 'N r—1 r—1 r-H r-H r—< r—H f-H r-H ‘ 1772 1 Steamboats 1 N rH Oi « cq t' O -i tF l" CD I" O'O^'^iO'tCOCOCOTf'tTji 536 Sloops. 1 IQ >0 i 1 H r~l 0O>-H t" C1 Schooners. TfCDHOUOOOW^OOO't C5t-oocD»o^codcocor-cD t- CD CD 1 Brigs. t'CO(NiOCOffit'(ai>(M^r)< -f CO CO d Cl —t «—» «— r 1—I « N ^ 1 00 05 Cl 1 Ships. CO H rH CO Ol i—t i—( d Cl 1840 January February March April May June July August Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Total 67 68 CENSUS OF CHARLESTON Monthly Arrivals—continued , Total. 00(MT)o Brigs. iOODCi©ai|>OOC1C3COOO»0 a i- C1 Ships. o o CO TP 00 rH January j February March April May June July August Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. -Hr o H Total. wcoor'-oorHor-cocoxoco-* OOCOOOCOtMtMtMOJOiOOOOO rH rH rH rH rH rH rH H rH H rH o Cl 00 P*H Steamboats • Cl rH CO Sloops. (aUHNCjHHHHt'CI Cl Cl Schooners. C0CDL'*00»O t'loi.-'iomcoconcico^co CO GO O Brigs. GOC'io^'er'COTfHioom « w ia (M h h m h n o c) ia Cl 00 Cl Ships. i^COClTtOiO''3<—i January February March April May June July August Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. *c5 © NAVIGATION AND TONNAGE 69 r rotal. »00»Cirt'O(M(Mr?T)Ht'i>coio(a»o«QOCor- OCOCOCOCOCOCOCOCOCOCOtf3 776 Sloops. ^ IH (M HClH rH Schooners. moi'CKa'fooortoot'CD 572 Brigs. MtNCOfMrfM^iQOCOOKN Cl i" Cl Ships. — •Tt-aoCOr-OOCOTT'.-it-ClCl M^COCfJMCTi-'HHC'lsqM 338 1845 ^ 5 -< To li > « =2 &.C 2 -3 =3 00 j Total Total. HCOHO^COOOiOTfOOCO oiooHooomrtOQOiM'OOi rlHfflHHrtrtH 1 —( 1—1 f —1 CO *Q 00 rH Steamboats (NfOO)TfCOCO^iO(M05COOO irjiQvO'OO'^iO^'^'^kOCD CO CO CO Sloops. H Ol (M Tf f —! rH r-H rH rH d ! 20 1 Schooners. t-COClHHCOt^COOOOOOCO t'L"0O>CTtc^(MCYJrHCTTt*CO Cl CT) 0 Brigs. COCD^OOOCOrtOJOCIMOOS (MCTMffKMrttNHrtCqNN 0 CO Cl Ships. >oa-^oco>oca)ocoooTf M (N M T)t CO n H rt CO CO 0 Cl CO 1844 | January February March April May June • July August Sept. October Nov. j Dec. Total Total. qo 00 e © h 00 co 05 rt uo 0 CDL'-l'CO'^COrHOOOJffliOCO r-H r-H rH r-H r-H r-H r—1 r-HrHrH 1733 Steamboats CO'Clt-HCOCOCi'— ii-hCOiOCO •t CO rf Tf ^ O IQ >0 0 10 1C5 590 Sloops. rH rH Ol 01 r- Schooners. r-H rH i-H TT 1 r-H r-H d Cl *0 CO D'COD'CO^COCOdC^CO’^rf Cl lO Brigs. 1 ® HCOOOOCOCOCOHOOOOCl CO N CO (M (M (M Ol ri IH (M N CO 608 Ships. t'OOOOOJCOCOOCT^'^l^iO rf Tf (M (M (M O) h Cl Cl 0 00 Cl 1843 January February March April May June July August Sept. October Nov. Dec. Total Monthly Arrivals — continued . 70 CENSUS OF CHARLESTON. Total. COOOOHO’^OOClMTfO'i' oo»ot'>o»0(Nmm(N«5050) Ii-*r—Ci—fl—li—1*—IrHl—1 11879 Steamboats MOOMOCOCT^CKMOm-iCO COiOCOCOCOCOCOCOOOCOCO o CO t* Sloops. " " ! 05 Schooners. o r~ i" ^ ‘O i' cn cc co o t- iOT}<''tfCO'Cl >Q ® CO CD CD CO O) OO CO 00 CO 00 T}< 00 r-H Jan. Feb. Mar. April May June July Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. | Total Total. MOliNtNr-uO^OlCliQinO 05O©05TjO't . CO CO 1847 Jan. Feb. Mar. April May June July Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. 1 Total 1 Total. ->fOiO[Nrtt'00'J'Q0050505 o^pcor-cocoocNcocoiooc (Mi—IF—<>—It—ll-Hl—It-Hr—If—(I—1 i—I *o o 05 Steamboats OMOO'OOOCDOTM'^Ffot' CDO»OCDCDCOCDCDCDCDCOCO CO *0 t- Sloops. ?ua Tt-( (M CM -H CO f-h OrfCO^MCOi-iNCqN^T)i 00 Tt< T)< Brigs. HHHPJt'HTfOWt'CDH SteamShips i-imcoco^ioooiot'oooot' loo g I 5 OO 00 5 qj M s 13 P ® o O . 2 ►» fcibtL.*s > © S 1 Total i as Ship Total. HCOt'MI^DCOOOCOOOOOD t't'OOCODCOMriiHmifJCO l-H l-H l-H l—1 l—1 i—1 l-H hH l-H t-H f—1 i—* CM -2 05 £ 2 « rH ^ Steamboats VO l-H t-'CO ©rt<05i-iTtocoom CKNffKNrtlMHlHH^mOl tn r* o ^ *§ H Ships. r-r'Tta>aia)Djt^oc5i-ocD CMCMCOiMCMCMCMi-Hi-Ii-hOOCO 1 310 n these SteamShips rH CO CO rH rH d 2 1 w CD 00 1-H Jan. Feb. Mar. April May June July Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Total Non 72 CENSUS OF CHARLESTON. • *\ k § Steamboats rH l-H rH Cl l-H rH § sn s Sloops. oo CO r-H r-H rH Tp rH rH Cl xO 00 O £ Schooners. CM r-H CO C— 03 © © © I’ »o © CO oo Cl © Cl rH CO Cl TP CO O e 3 « o r-H r-H CM CM CM rH Cl rH rH rH rH CM rH rH Cl Cl o. _ Brigs. oo 00 03 CM CO *o © |T Cl Cl xO © CO © Cl IT © xo © * H ^ . £* 00 00 Tp © Lt 00 © iO © iO CO Cl CO Tp XO TP Cl Cl CO xo ft) 53 PH rC3 ^ Ships. 00 r-H l-H »o rH IT r-H oo © rH Cl © © Tp CO 00 Cl *** S £ CM rP 00 Tpl>TpCOiOt'*CO»0*00 © XO © 00 [T XO 00 GO 22 « m O <1 O -Cs q 02 ft) f-C? =/) C5 S teamShips r-H fy Steamboats r-H O t- iO © 00 © I" © co o CO *•> CO CM rH 01 © © IT © 00 ^ Cl hH rf 00 CO 03 © © CO O £r rH 00 © co Cl CO © TP It xo xo CO CO a 1-1 rH rH rH rH Cl CM o O xC3 i© o © It LT Lt It ~ -3 Sloops. Tf< 00 I' CM I' co tP CM © tr © © It C3 © Cl CO tr CO © ^ s H 1 O CM Hp io oo IT Tp CO CM Cl Cl CO CO Cl rH rH Cl 1-1 rH ^ *•>» *<1 r-H r—< r-H rH Eh Cfi Schooners. CM O 00 03 t- 00 © CO r —1 CO Cl © Cl © rH Cl © rH 00 Cl K V rH lO o © CO © CO tr TP t- Lt Cl xO © co © xo TP rH xO ^ 'S o CO CO iO o >o >o io >o tr CO IT CD xO xO xO xO xO xO xO tP Brigs. ^ a w rj< 03 rH i- CM r- TP r-H © © 00 CO tr l-H © © CM CO © rH X> * rO H nt CM 00 i" r-H CM t' tP It © © Cl © »o oo XO TP XO TP rH Cl CO ^ tN ft «. - ■ r—1 CM rH rH CM CM CM CM (M CO CO CO Cl Cl Cl Cl Cl Cl Cl Cl Cl • rJ p Ships. tP CO Tp CM % © tP »-H CO © © Tp © © tr CO Lt rH © § s O w~ 00 03 »0 CO © rH tr © It © IT © © © © © co TP CO CO rH rH rH l-H i-H rH M rH CM r-H Cl rH rH rH Cl Cl Cl Cl 91 Cl Cl v VIJ ^ $T '•_ SteamShips CO 1—• Cl CO CO © ^ 00 Steamboats r-H o i- o © oo © co © o !' © CM rH Cl IT © IT © £*# ^ ri< 00 co 03 © © CO O It rH oo © CO Cl CO © tP Lt XO xo CO o ^ CO l-H rH rH rH rH Cl Cl O 'OxOiO'Q©!'!'!' It _J i-h Z2 ^ Sloops. rT 00 o co It TP © CO © xO © © CO © © Cl 00 © CO © d oo . ^ V. . <^> o CM 1C3 O 00 £t TP CO CM CO Cl CO CO Cl rH H Cl 1-t rH • r-H r-H rH r-H .®> Schooners. tT CO r-H CO © 00 iQ CM CO © CO © tP tP CO co CO xo CO Cl xo r-H CO CM O 03 tr © CO © CO CO TP © It ^ oo i> xo Tf ]T- r • ^ o oo io co co lOiOOfl o It 00 It © xO xO xO »0 xO xO xO Tp O -g H Briers oo rP CO TP © © IO CM CM Cl © CO © TP © Cl © © i—1 tr fO CO co rH CM © © »o © CO fr rH © oo © Cl © © It © XO It E o rH CM CM CM CO CO CO CO CO CO Tp CO Cl Cl CO CO Cl Cl Cl Cl d Ships. 03 )T3 t " 03 © Tp © CM rH CM i—( xfi rH © XO CM 1—1 © xo CO © O s ft* oo o 00 co r- co CO 00 CO CO CO © CO Tp XO © © © iO © rH Cl 1 % r-H CM rH r-H CM CM G-CI CM CM Cl Cl Cl Cl Cl Cl Cl Cl CO CO CO CO ^ a ^ t o 1* SteamShips CO rH CO CO 00 ©, -h. oo O* ^ Sloops. 00 i-H TP 00 CM IQ CM i—( -p rH CM rH rl XO Tp OO CO iso • Schooners. co CM o © id © CM © tP © co © co oo © © IT •o r«j ft CM MO t- co r- CO CO JO tp o o o co © tr 00 Cl © JT © Lt #p ^ o "? cb HH • rH (0 w Brigs. >o CO CO tP Tp It rH GO © Tp © o Cl TP |T © rH rH © 00 rH 22 -o ^ <3 .53 P3 L" i-H 00 o CO © CO © rH rH Cl © © © © © CO © xo 00 oo o Cm r-H rH rH rH rH rH rH rH rH rH 52 "e Ships. o l - 00 © © © © TP 'p iO © oo © CO TP © CM xO © Cl 53 a) rd OO 00 l- L~ © TP Jl-t co © CO rH co © © i—i xo cm co © Cl © .1*1 § « rH rH rH rH rH rH rH § ? SteamShips i—i iO E fe 'S Steamboats r-H o r- »o co oo 03 tr- © tP ICO co tP © CM rH Cl © xo tr © a 5g TP 00 CO C3 © © CO XC3 IT" r-H oo © CO Cl CO © Tp It xo xo CO co *> r -'0 rC: r-<3 rH rH rH l-H rH Cl Cl I' | Sloops. r-H 1" CO o IT CM l-H co It TP © CO I'" © © i—i CO xo © CO oo o o CM tp in co Lt Tp CO CM Cl Cl CO Cl Cl rH rH Cl 1-H rH .13 co o w r-H r-H rH rH ^ r <£> cn Schooners. oo TP 03 CO CO © © CO CO © rH © © tP © CO © tr It CO 00 00 r-H TP tP Cl rH tP CO TP rH CO CO © It © © © It Lt Tp © cu > (NiOiOOiOiOiOiOiO IP* OO tr IO tP XO Tp tP tP TP TP CO *> H m Brigs. 00 i-h GO CM © CO CO fr CO CO Cl 1C © CM tr IT rH CO © CO CD- s T* Ss Oj < 03 O CM CM It © r~ »—H Brigs. OOOrtOtCOrHTtiOOhCJODHHOOt'OOnMmr-iCO TfCOKMOt'COOOCOCOCOOOOOt'COC't'iOHtmCDiO Ships. OJrHHOJaiMXKMOiOOlOOOO^^iOCliOOOH^ l—t r-H I— 1 CM i —1 r-H H H (M H Ol l— Ci— ( SteamShips i—i iO (The South of Europe.] Schooners. \ ’ . r-H r-H rH rH rH r-H Brigs. r-H CO HHCtCtCO'OCOt'^CO^COCOlOCO't© Ships. H (M ct r-H Cl r-H r-H ^ CO CO 00 ^ CO The North of Europe.) Schooners. r-H rH d rH -rtf CO Cl Cl CO Cl I-H Brigs. ^0)iOO)h^GOOCOHiOiOCOOOlr*ClCO(MiOCO^ rH rH Ships. COdCOCOCOCOOO!>OrH^I>iOOCOI?-iOrHOCDCO rH r-H »-H t-H t-H rH rH r-H France. Schooners. •rH r-H rH / Brigs. ^CO^COOCOr-OOCDiOaiMrH^^ hhCOCOC^ rH rH Ships. iHCO(MCtCD-i t 0 05 1"^ f 00 HIM(MCOm(MHHH 1—1 Ships. '^O'^vtiCOOt'COiOiOCOOiO'^COOi-H-^COOOOO ot»o>oio^coiii-iio»Qt'»oco-i , iooot't'»ooo>o OOOJOr-KMCOinOCOt'OOOOiHOlCOrl'iOCOt'OO OOCOCOCOCOCOCOCOCO COCO OOCOOOOOCOCOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOGO i—It—IrHr—(rHr-Hi—li-Hi-Hl-Hl-Hl—ll-Hi—IrHi—f r-H rH r-H r -1 H 10 * This year contains only 9 months, the months of January, February and March are wanting. t Under this head are included the Arrivals of the daily line of Steamboats between Wilmington and Charleston, and between Savannah and Charleston. 74 CENSUS OF CHARLESTON, IT s 8 £ <5> S >> s Steamboats rH m rH M rH rH Sloops. Ol r- rH rH rH rH rH CM 50 CO riS C3 ^ Schooners. CM oo CM JC~ o IO 05 o CO 05 05 05 rH 00 CM rH 50 CO CO CO a) ,2 O rH CM CM CM rH CM rH rH rH CM rH rH CM CM ^ C5 w pH o P Brigs. CO rH CO *o rH (M IO 00 Jo M 00 05 •cT co rH rH co 00 . ^ ^ S c*f o « Ships. QO i" lO oo ou CO rH O 05 CO 50 M 50 rH co 1" 05 50 CM 05 CM CO CO CO CO co 50 50 50 CO 1" 05 co co t- t- m O < D1 --o •to ^ v> ^ r-H to Steam Ships rH Steamboats i—H Ot> CO CO T}< 05 co 50 oo r~ CO 00 tJ5 O 05 O CO 50 co 05 CM CO t. CD Tfi 1> CO 05 o o iooe rH t ~ 50 CO M CM 05 CO ir- 50 50 CO o rH rH rH rH rH CM M 50 50 50 50 50 CO C'- L" J ' ^ y> CO w C_( Sloops. CO O CO co CO CO 05 CM I" CO o r- it- 50 r- oioe O L" >v L- o tT iO 00 CO CM CM M CM CO M CM rH CM rH rH fc.i r-^ rH rH H Schooners. CO 05 05 o Ti< 05 50 M CO GO CM 00 00 05 o rH r G-l t- rH CM CO CM rH rH 1- M O 00 CO CM rH co 50 r *Ki £ CO CO 05 00 o CM I- Tt< JO 05 50 CO L" CO I- co -etc CM rH cc TO H r-Ce HH r—1 CM rH rH CM CM CM M M M co CO M M M CM CM (M CM CM CM S? Ships. r-D o CO lO CM 50 rH O JO O CO CO M o rH 05 00 05 50 rH 50 (O * '■o 1 s P CO t- r- CO CO 05 CM 05 05 I> 05 00 05 oo M O CM co CM r-H rH H rH rH rH CM rH rH rH ♦H rH rH rH CM M CM CM CM CM (M ^1° .S' * ra SteamShips 50 05 1— CM oo co ^ Co Steamboats 05 CO CO Tf 05 co co 00 oo co 05 co rH 05 O CO CO CO 05 CM 23 « Tf C- CO 05 O o 50 IO rH r- 50 CO CM CM 05 CO t- 50 50 CO w © >> o .—> «c o O >Q J> oo 00 CO 50 50 50 50 50 50*0 ^ w ^ o Brigs. O Ol o 00 CO rH CO CO GO 50 rH TJ5 00 I- o 05 O CM rH 50 5Q | tH CO CO CO CM 00 o co o CM CO o CD 05 l'* CM O 00 r- co co CO rH ! *to >0 CO *o ^ r-> *v CD >o CO Steamboats CO CM co rH 00 CO rH rH CO rH Sloops. r—H »C5 05 05 JL— ^ic PC w 05 O 00 CM lO CO CO co CO 00 M CO CO I- 05 co CO GCJ 00 00 Brigs. >o P5 05 lO Ol CM CO 00 rH CO CO o M 05 rH o 00 50 CO 05 00 **o g « o rH rH rH rH rH rH rH rH rH rH rH rH rH rH ? , 'C3 Ships. 05 CO co t- co CO oo o CO 50 r~* CO M 05 Tf 1^ 50 05 t" rH O' <^> ^ V. bn « »0 Jo oo 50 Jr- t- GO 05 05 05 Tf< CO CO >o rH rH H rH rH rH rH rH rH rH rH rH *-H r-H ^H rH rH rH rH rH § p SteamShips CM t- Q *- s ^ Steamboats r-H 05 CO co tJ< 05 CO CO co 50 CO oo CO 00 oo o CO 50 CO 05 rH Tf t- CO 05 O o Tf XO IO rH IT- 50 CO rH M 05 CO I- 50 50 CO ^ ■S iH rH rH rH rH M M OiO'OiOOCOt't' 1- ,_ ^=i gs ^ § Sloops. Tt< CO CO 50 CO JO CM CO o CO I^ 50 CO 05 O 50 00 t- o r- o CO lO 00 t- CO CM M CM M CO M CM rH rH rH a rS2 k~ © £». co rj H rH rH rH a? Schooners. CM r- r- co o lo rH CO rH TjJ t" 50 50 H< CO o o CM 05 00 05 iO CO H o rH -t M t" rH -t oo CO 05 50 co GO CO CO CO ^£-23 r- .© t> rH CO >OxoiOiQ^OiOiOCO oo t'' 50 Tt< -t Tj< Tjc CO ri CZ) Brigs. r-H r- cm co rH 50 t- lo 50 I - 05 rH 50 o CO o CO 50 CO 1- £ S2 5^ Qj <3 CO o o o co CO 00 oo 05 M 50 co r~ oo o O 05 rH O co JC- ^ « o rH rH rH rH rH rH rH rH M CM M rH rH CM (M rH CM CM rH rH to* o bo o jd o Ships. O 00 00 co oo 05 CM co rH rH rH 00 CO CO rH 00 CO rH co CO co "o> CD CO CO JL" t- CO IT* 05 05 05 05 05 JC- 00 CO co 05 05 CM rf< CO 50 co ^ e rH rH rH rH rH « PS «H Steam Ships 50 oo <-* r CM CO V. ^ CO £ || 00 05 o rH CM co Tf 50 CO IO 00 05 o rH CM CO 50 CO co GCJ w 3 H fa O All other Foreign Ports.} Steamboats r-H . - -----.- - d Sloops. *0 rH r— 1 O cc Schooners. 1 —• I —1 CO I—1 CO CO CO *0 H 01 r—( 1 — i CO CO d • «s 6 Brigs. CO(MCOCO«5t'OOOU'COCOiQCOCO(M{OrJ Sloops. 1 —1 05 d H d >— 1 1 Tf 1 ?— ( r— 1 1 —1 r—1 lO ^ r* CO 5 s O -O Schooners. i'ooeieHbooHiiaioocoococooiioocoio ns dH£'’I>COHdHn}iiOH - nli£-OOr^OOdOOCOOOi> 5 Brigs. OO^M»CDOCOiQOCIOIOOI(NK5h>OCOCDC)h S coodHiO£-ooHt~oor-cococococoH£MD(NCI(NCO»C3 ddCOCOdCOCDOO 7b cj rd —- -—- 5 SteamShips t- T3 a The {South of Europe. * Schooners. -—- — a H ^ ^ ^ «»| •■si Brigs. IF H d COh (MOCOi'COi'JI^H h CO h 05 o _ H r ~ l a § o ■S * Ships. rt ® .3,0 d ft 1 -I d CO CO O CO CO CD d H *0 CO *0 ^03 ■Sea 2 o rt .O ----— £ IThe North of Europe. Schooners. S K5 r—l i-Hi-H HHHCO^fOfOHHHtQl^COfOHfO jjj CG &H ° c a> Brigs. s ^ OOUOHOOr-irHClCOCDCOiOOOlTfCOOlCDOOOOO T—I H CO i—1 I-H I—iCOHr1 d d i—1 CO >—1 d d >—11—1 1—Id cS’S »-s ns 0rtCD(MHflC0HT)i^CDa)C0!0n)iOd>0«H 9 ° l—1 I—f HdCOdCOr-ti—1>—idCOddddi—1 i—1 d O® - -- - 1 - —— —- CD H France. Schooners. £2 Cj rH rH rH I-H I-H •> 0* OQ _£■> nCQ -♦— » Brigs. COtOaiHCOiOCOCOHCitOtOiOiOJ^COHiOOOCDiO Ord r-H Cl r—1 rH Cl rH Cl t-H Cl d rH rH rH d '*"* T? -iCOdOO*Or-r-iCOCOt- '5,3 HCOi-iHdCOCOCOCOnfnJiCOCO^CCnfCOntiCOdH >.« *h d d o oacod(X)'Oio)cot'CO g" COdCOnji^COdHH I-HI-H rH ’3’g s 2 O -O Ships. 05 05t'05C0d’^n)i00n)iCDdrHiOC0Ot'nIi0)00a) ^ .52 CDD >D ^ pH i 0 G c3 Brigs. 1 1 1 1 CO 1 , CO pH t'DCO pH pH CM TP *D tP Cl CD *D Q Ships. 1 1 1 1 1 CM CM h pH 1 1 1 pH Cl pH pH pH CO Cl rH CO 0 Schooners. 1 1 1 ■ . 1 1 1 1 1 ■ 1 1 pH 1 1 1-1 i 1 1 1 0 0 £ m Brigs. 1 1 1 pH 1 pH CM H pH ^DCMD pH pH CD CD Cl CD co id Ships. 1 1 1 1 pH CM . CD Cl CM CD 1 CD pH Tp ID , CO co co P 0 g 0 Schooners. 1 1 1 1 1 pH 1 1 pH 1 Cl Cl 1 1 1 1 pH pH pH 1 1 Brigs. 1 pH CM pH CM pH CM ID Cl rP id pH pH co CD CD rH XO rp »-< Ships. 1 CM pH pH CM cm CM >-i pH pH 1 pH co co CM tP 00 CO pH Tp O pH fee *-( Schooners. 1 pH 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 . 1 1 1 1 1 1 G £ Brigs. rH 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 • Cl . -• 1 1 1 c3 33 Ships. r-H 1 1 1 pH 1 i 1-1 pH pH 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 • . ci Steamboats 1 1 1 1 1 1 i 1 r-H • pH Cl pH 1 1 i 1 1 1 rd CO Schooners. rl CD 05 o CM 05 pH © Tp , CM pH pH co tP tP pH Cl tP Cl tP tP tP G c3 Ph Brigs. 1 1 Tf 05 CM CM CD CO CO CO CD CO CM CO pH tD CD 1 tP Cl 1 i CO o o «-< Cl Ships. ' 1 1 1 pH 1 CM , CO pH 1 1 1 1 1 • i rH 1 rH Tp rd Schooners. 1 pH pH pH 1 1 i ■ 1 1 1 1 1 - 1 i 1 1 1 0 G 0 Brigs. CD CD pH -sf CM tP t- oo pH CD Cl Tp 00 CO CD CM CM CO Cl Cl tP *D Eh Ships. L" GO CM CD tp r- t- 05 pH CO pH tP pH Cl pH ID CD O 05 00 pH pH CD 05 TP 00 ID Sloops. 1 1 CO CD 1 pH iO pH pH TP pH 1 ■ 1 1 1 1 1 CM ID CO rC Schooners. 1 CM CM O o pH ID tP CO pH pH pH CO tP t- CO pH O 05 05 *D O iD Cl rH CO Bri°"s tP pH CO CD o pH rl CM CD o pH GO 00 co t- ID Cl tP D TP D pH cm CM co o CO tP CM Cl CO CM pH CM Cl Cl Cl i-h 35 Ships. o pH 00 00 o pH GO CM CM pH Cl o pH O ID 00 O GO CO CO *D CM CO CM CO MT5 CO Tp TP ID P tP tP tP »D CD »D Tp CO *D Steam Ships 1 . 1 1 1 • 1 1 1 1 1 • ' 1 1 1 1 1 ' ^ i * GO 05 o pH (M CO tP ID CD id oo 05 o •—c CM CO tP *D CD Id 00 CM CM CO CO CO CO CO CO CO CO CO CO rP tP tP Tf* TT tP hP 00 00 00 GO 00 00 GO 00 00 00 00 00 OO 00 00 00 oo oo oo 00 00 pH pH pH pH pH pH pH pH pH pH pH rH pH pH pH pH pH pH pH pH pH National Flags — continued . NAVIGATION AND TONNAGE 77 Steamboats Sloops. Schooners. Brigs. Ships. Steam Ships cq co co H lO H H Tf H CM O CO cqr-icoi>a5©0505t-*o©aoooOCO (MCOO'5^05t'COCDiOCD»OM(Mm^iO'^(Mci«iO OOrHrHlO'^>OrHt't'iHC»OOCDiQCOCOL''^oDOO I I I I I II I I I I I I I I I I I I - I "d o O "C © 1 Schooners. © s -»-> cz c3 ^3 3 02 » £ Schooners. N C 53 ci 3" C j Sloop. II I I I II I II II I" I I I II I I Rus¬ sian. Brigs. i i l i I i I i i I I I l II l l I — • i « Schooners. ■ i ii i 1 i • i ^ i 1 1 1 i i ■ i i o O £ Ch be Brigs. 1 1 1 1 1 1 i i i r “ l 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 i • ff ci o ■—i -A- Brigs. i i i I i i i i i I i I i I i I I I i i 1 o • S3 -icqcoTt* O oa m £ — tD • j- fl 0 a«oM^cooi (N(NH(NnMHH(NH MM''f00 05COi-HCOTto cd o' ^ oT « a co co a) 1 ^ rf o io" Tf o >o oi" 00 " cq Tfi0*0''CW3CDOW5r'i0i0Tt l *0*0i0W5CDWiCDW3CDC0t'it'' l 0t-<0 O a> Hr W 55 a) tc • 05 O c« Hr tC <-i O > OhHcq»vocDOO«iO ^OiQt'OOHOMOOiO ^t'COCCKMiHMCOt'rf ®»O(MO5COt'0OO(MO5 l-H f-H l-H i-H oi d IH l-H (H l-H ^rHQOOOCTiOOOTtrJOJ F'lOOO'^OO'^CDMCO hQOCTOIX)(N05MCO COOOOCO'-iOOOt^O'-H'^ClOOCOOOCOCOrfOCMt-ivOOiCOO'I'-HCO COO-1 , (NCD'- | i-i05(0'-Hr^r-(OCO'^!OiO(^iOC0 5‘l>OCCiO(NCDt' rf co xo co ci Ttoot^oa^ooo^ocq^cocoa^oq^ooo^oq^coc^o « t- CD oo" >0 “O co r-loTcfcT'co'ooCcN'lr-^-'co'uo'fof'—1 It-' t-h' wT CcT wT HiMHrtrHiMiMffiNCicocoMncococMtNNWKiTfTfcocqajn ^ OM HCONOO CO(Mb 05000001 —1 05 O i-h r/. c o H • K O CD - - (K <1 QJ > >CCOM05C01>C005C150 o co >0 f n h i-h CO (D CO O MX) m 05 O Tf C00505r-05i—i(Mdt-00 d*OCOrtOOCOCOiO^C00505iOHrtCOO(M^^iOt'COOO^TtCO^Tf O00rf l r-C0C0W5O5OM05C0W0CDOC0''3O(N'-iHH(N(M(NC0(NC0(MC0C05q^(0C0(n 01 CO rt< >0 co 00 05 0 rH Cl CO iO CO t— 00 05 0 rH Cl CO Tt< 0 CO 1 — 00 CM Cl CM CM Cl Cl Cl CM CO CO CO CO CO CO CO CO CO CO rfi -rji T}< Tj< 00 00 00 00 00 00 co 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 CO 00 00 00 00 00 00 rH rH rH rH rH rH rH rH rH rH rH rH rH rH rH rH rH rH rH rH rH rH rH rH rH rH r-H cor-coi —1 # N# V# .* V» V* V* V# N# V# V# o CO o „ a> a a Mj V# V# \J S# V» N# V* -4J o CO rH Cl CO -8< co t— oc 05 O rH Cl CO Ttl WO CD M 00 05 O rH Cl CO Tf W5 CD CM Cl Cl Cl Cl Cl Cl Cl Cl CO CO CO CO CO CO CO CO CO CO Tt< Tt< T* rf Tf T*t 00 00 00 00 00 00 co 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 O0 00 00 00 00 00 rH rH l-H r-H rH 1—1 r-H r-H r-H i-H rH r—1 r—1 I-H I-H rH rH rH rH rH rH rH l-H l-H l-H rH +3 o O v*'-#v»v#v#v»v^ v *v*v#v*v#v»v»v#v#v»v#v*v^v^ 5 3 +3 Cfl -4-3 CC The years 1821-2 to 1832-3 have been taken from “ Pitkin’s Statistics of the United States, and from that period from Official Documents. NAVIGATION AND TONNAGE 79 co X) V* o & ,o V. • O 8 8 ■s> ■X O K 8 o -e; x> 8 © i5 12 tuo 8^ 8 8 .© tM a « O m £ $ m • ”® O tc > oQ ftH © > ■'tooiOTrftOKMoO'fco oor'-rHocDoco020202 CKMMCOMmfMi-irtrt 0)(MCOOt#OHOt)<0'-i oioot-tt-TjiT^ajCDiO ^coGq^o^coa^t^ocqr^ CO-rfcGCQ-rfcOTfcQCOCQ HOOrtQ0»0HO0)rtfl)t'(^J)00'0t' 1 Q 1 0>0OHt'OWriC0 coot-©cDOiO’-Hcoi>cMr-rtO 00 05i0aiC0iO CO'tfCOCOCOCOrtlCMCOCO hCD'it'ClOOOM^Ol OO'^OlOOMiQOt'OOOO rHi—IrHr-iCMCMCMrHrHrH '^OiOOt'-COt' , C002CO t*- 02 00 <—I CO ftiCDCOiO*OCOOOiOCDCDCOCOt'-»OCOOOi—i CD (?) C5 Cl (M wcot'OO'^ooit'O'^mt'ait'miomfficO'H'^oxMr-iir-aio Ct'>0 *OTj!'od' t^'od''^iCTf'o'aTi-H't^'oco'io'a5'cv5'o^>ood''^'fo'o6'fo'i>'o'c i f i-n©foaico»ot' OQOOO(fl>£5 5)OOH CM C5M(MH(M>Qm(Nrt CDCM02CDl>OT}oa)ri 1-H CO CO*0£'^r-^'^OrHrH ofcocylcMcM'cMcocM'cMCM 'tf l t~CM©©''^*0 1^''fC0C0a2I>C0o co oo^ >o cfl rf rf oo_ o « ^ °o oo o ^ h rf oo ifj ^ cq^ od'rfr-ft'r^'co'oo't-^'co'c^od'ir-c^'ooO'-HOi'cO'-HcCcoT-Hr-ftOJ^oo'ioco' i ( i£3C0i0C0CD'^C0O'^'1 < ^CD^CD'^t'i000 m 3a '* +3 - o CO a> a 2 o CO a a *J o v# v* v* v* V# v* v# v* V# *** ** ** '■* *■* rH CM CO lO CD !> 00 02 o r-H CM CO H »o CD 00 02 o rH CM CO iO CD CM CM CM CM CM CM cq CM CO co CO CO CO CO CO CO CO CO T* H H Tj< H H 00 OO 00 00 00 00 00 00 GO oo 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 GO 00 00 00 00 oo CO 00 00 r-H 1—1 rH rH rH r-H rH rH H rH rH rH rH rH rH rH rH rH rH rH rH rH rH rH rH rH rH +3 o o rn ^ N« >J N« vj go •s}U9umooQ IBIOUIO uiojj pouod pup uiojj put? M ‘sa^g pajmil am jo soijsijrajg sjiijuij „ uiojj uojfBj uooq oArcq £-gggi °} S-IS81 uiojj sjboa oqj, 80 CENSUS OF CHARLESTON, Number and Class of Vessels engaged in Regular Lines as packet and passenger Lines, and as freight Lines between Charleston and the following Ports: Totals. Havana and ) | West Indies \ Boston, New-York, Philadelphia, Providence, Baltimore, Wilmington, Savannah, New-Orleans. Ox to to •sdiqg mt?9]g CLASS OF VESSELS. 1 H-* 1 t—‘ •sdiqg co co m taw •sanbjiig to 4^ to MtSOOWOO •sSug ►—l •qO}9X to OS to OS CO Or 4>- •saauooqog 00 4^ 4^ •sgioqureajg 84 t—> to I-* -4l4^4^OSt0co00OS4^ *1*101 4^ 1— * 1—* 00 Ox 4* to 4^ 1,115 1,798 1,200 1 •sdiqg ui , G9]g TONNAGE. Ox 4^ to 4^ •sdiqg to 4^ i—* OS I-* -3 41 -1 CO OS oo 4| os co i— 1 •S3nb.rcg 4- 00 to co to H- OS >—* Co's Ox o O Ox O CO CO co O O O to O -3 •sSug H- ‘ -3 Ox H- * -3 Ox •qojax CO 41 CO to 442 950 1,450 600 350 •sjouooqog 2,608 i—* i—i © Ox - I CO O 00 •s^oqunja^g 23,358 M J- 1 k- 1 ^ • JO os © ox os co "co © 'co 'go fc04rC0O4^0xt04(t0 *30050050 *3 H(0 •suox ppx There are engaged in the Pilotage of Charleston Bar— 18 Full Branch Pilots 8 Second 64 44 Employing nine Pilot Boats, with an aggregate ton¬ nage of about 400 tons. NAVIGATION AND TONNAGE. 81 TONNAGE OF SOUTH-CAROLINA. Registered Enrolled and Tonnage employed in the Fo¬ reign trade Licensed Ton¬ nage employed in the Coasting trade. Total Ton¬ nage. 1789 5,385 2,081 7,466 ^ There being no record of the District 1790 15,816 ■ 3,417 19,233 1 Tonnage during these four years, the Ton- K. nage has been calculated on tho amount of 1791 23,856 4,875 28,731 | Duties collected during thosejyears on Ton- 1792 21,338 4,566 25,904 1 nage. J Note op.Seybert’s. 1793 12,998 2,059 15,057 1794 21,369 4,550 25,919 • 1795 25,484 4,465 29,949 1796 29,994 6,992 36,986 1797 31,361 7,762 39,123 1798 33,753 8,123 41,876 1799 38,567 7,957 46,524 1800 43,732 7,480 51,212 1801 51,192 8,688 59,880 40,007 1802 31,354 8,653 1803 30,993 9,101 40,094 1804 41,869 8,814 50,683 1805 35,108 9,143 44,251 1806 40,159 8,987 49,146 1807 45,223 7,788 53.011 „ 1808 41,628 8,889 50,517 1809 42,676 8,144 50,820 1810 43,355 9,573 52,928 1811 19,390 11,095 30,485 1812 14,960 15,511 30,471 ) War. 1813 17,476 12,596 30,072 V a 1814 21,597 11,474 33,071 \ u 1815 24,501 12,668 37,169 1816 1817 1818 1819 23,881 24,391 14,585 15,591 13,733 37,614 1820 1821 1822 1823 1824 1825 1826 1827 1828 1829 1830 1831 15.177 16,249 12,843 12,276 12.177 10,712 12,067 12,695 12,871 7,842 7,044 5,803 1832 5,837 9,723 15,560 1833 6,038 8,021 14,059 1834 6,200 9,781 15,981 1835 9,260 8,221 17,481 1836 8,413 15,224 23,637 1837 11,849 17,835 11 29,684 82 CENSUS OF CHARLESTON. Tonnage of South-Carolina — continued . Registered. Enrolled and Li¬ censed. Total. 1st Oct. 1838 to 30th Sept. 1839 17,295 16,019 33,314 a 1839 “ a 1840 17,444 16,222 33,666 h 1840 “ a 1841 12,954 11,440 24,394 u i 1841 “ a 1842 13,650 9,819 23,469 u 1842 “ 30th June 1843 11,162 10,415 21,577 1st July 1843 “ a a 1844 10,013 11,135 21,148 a 1844 “ a 1845 8,394 11,221 19,615 1845 “ u 1846 8,516 11,420 19,936 a 1846 “ a 1847 13,732 13,287 27,019 a 1847 “ a 1848 14,992 13,667 28,659 The tables from 1789 to 1816, inclusive, have been taken from a Seybert’s Statistical Annals of the United States.” From 1817 to 1831, inclusive, have been taken from 44 Hazard’s United States Commercial and Statistical Register.” From 1832 to 1848, are from Official Documents. REGULATIONS OF THE GOVERNMENT RE¬ SPECTING NAVIGATION AND TONNAGE. The information relative to this subject being mostly confined to the Commercial community, we give for general information the following sketch of those regu¬ lations without entering into details : The Sea Coast of the United States is divided by the Government into four Great Districts, viz : 1st. Extends from the extreme North-eastern point of Maine to the Amelia Islands at the mouth of the St. Mary’s river in Georgia, inclusive. 2nd. Extends from the Amelia Islands to Mobile Bay, exclusive of the City of Mobile. NAVIGATION AND TONNAGE. 83 3rd. Extends from Mobile Bay to the Rio Grande. 4th. Comprehends the entire Pacific coast of the United States, which was formed into a District at the last Session of Congress. All vessels to be under the protection of the United States flag must be owned by citizens of the United States, and be commanded by a citizen thereof, and must be entered upon the records of the Col¬ lector of the Port where the vessel is owned, when they are entitled to such papers of nationality and pro¬ tection as the owners desire. These papers are of three classes, viz : Registered Tonnage.— To obtain which the ves¬ sel must be over 20 tons, and may then engage in the Foreign trade of the United States. Upon arriving at any port in the United States, from a Foreign voyage, the Captain must render to the Collector of the Port a manifest specifying the description and quantity of merchandise on board; but a vessel under 30 tons can¬ not bring into the United States any dutiable merchan¬ dise. If a vessel of Registered Tonnage sails from one port in the United States to another port in the United States, although both ports may lie within the limits of one of the Great Districts, such vessel must clear at the Custom House of the one port, and render to the Col¬ lector of the other a manifest specifying the descrip¬ tion and quantity of the cargo on board. If a vessel, having Registered papers, afterwards de¬ sires to engage in the Coasting trade of the United States, the Registered papers must be given up, and an Enrollment or License taken out. The Registered papers of a vessel are of force so long as the owners remain the same, and no extensive change is made to the hull, or in the style of the rig- 84 CENSUS OF CHARLESTON. ging; but upon changes in either of these respects new papers must be taken out. Enrolled Tonnage. —To obtain which the vessel must be over 20 tons, and may then engage in the Coasting trade of the United States, and in the Fishe¬ ries ; but cannot, under these papers, engage in the Foreign trade of the United States. This class may trade between any of the ports lying within the limits of one of the Great Districts without clearing or entering at the Custom House of either port, or rendering any account of the cargo, except in certain cases hereafter specified; but if sailing from a port within one of the Great Districts to a port within any of the other Great Districts, the vessel must clear at the one port, and render to the Collector of the other a manifest specifying the description and quantity of the cargo on board. To engage in the Foreign trade of the United States, the papers of Enrollment must be given up, and a Re¬ gister taken out. Papers of Enrollment are of force until a change of owner, or extensive change in the hull or style of rig¬ ging, as in the case of Register’s Tonnage. Licensed Tonnage.— To obtain which the vessel must be not less than five, nor more than twenty tons, and may only engage in the Coasting trade of the United States, under similar regulations as to clearing and entering at the Custom House, as are of force for Enrolled Tonnage. Licensed papers must be renewed annually. All vessels of Enrolled and Licensed Tonnage en¬ gaged in the Coasting trade of the United States, may carry on such trade within the limits of any one of the four Great Districts without clearing or entering, or ren¬ dering any account of the cargo, provided there is not on board of such vessel, DRY DOCK. 85 Distilled Spirits, in casks, exceeding 500 gal. 250 do 100 doz. 3,000 lbs. 500 do 1,000 do Wine do do Wine in bottles do Sugar, in casks or boxes, do Tea, in chests or boxes, do Coffee, in casks or bags, do Foreign merchandise, in their original packages, ex¬ ceeding in value $400, or goods, wares and merchan¬ dise, being articles of Foreign growth or manufacture, whose aggregate value exceeds $800. Vessels under40 tons cannot carry Slaves Coastwise. DRY DOCK. The 44 Floating Dry Dock,” in Charleston, has been pronounced by competent judges, one of whom has been engaged in the construction of similar Docks in New York, to be one of the best Docks of its kind in the United States. It is the 44 Balance Dock” of J. S. Gilbert’s Patent; the plan adopted by Congress for the construc¬ tion of floating docks for Government use. We have been kindly furnished with the following particulars, at our request, by Mr. James Marsh, the proprietor. The enterprise of the undertaking originated with himself, and was constructed with his own private means; it was built in Charleston by his own mechan¬ ics, under his own supervision, and was launched and went into operation in February, 1845. The Dock is 160 feet in length, 52 feet in width, and 20 feet in depth; it can accommodate a vessel of 1,500 86 CENSUS OF CHARLESTON. tons or over, provided the length of the vessel does not exceed 164 feet; it has docked a vessel of 1,000 tons burden and 164 feet long. In docking, if desirable, it is not necessary for the vessel to unlade her cargo; the Dock has taken up at different periods the Steam Revenue Cutter Legare, and two other Revenue Cutters, with all their arma¬ ment, &c., just as they arrived from sea, as well as se¬ veral vessels with their cargoes on board, just from sea. The operations of the Dock are performed by a steam engine of five horse power, the time requisite for taking a vessel up is from two to three hours, de¬ pending upon the size of the vessel; and the time for floating out is from twenty to thirty minutes. The preferable time for taking up a vessel is at high water, but if requisite, it can be done at low water by removing the Dock into the stream. The following are the rates of Charges for vessels : Forty cents per ton for taking up, with ten cents per ton per day during the time the vessel is in the dock; if the vessel has her cargo on board there is an addi¬ tional charge of forty cents per ton on the cargo. The best evidence we can give of the value of this enterprise and its beneficial results for the shipping at this port, is in the following list furnished us of the num¬ ber and class of vessels which have been taken up in this Dock since it went into operation, now about four years since, many of which must necessarily have gone elsewhere to be repaired, with all the consequent loss of time and risk of sailing in an unseaworthy condition, but for the establishment of this Dock at Charleston. Ships and Barques, * - 39 Brigs, - - 42 Steam Revenue Cutter, - 1 Other Revenue Cutters, - 2 DRY DOCK. 87 Schooners, - 32 Sloops, - 5 Steam Boats, - 45 Total. 166 vessels, And we add with pleasure, as an evidence of the workman-like manner with which its operations have been conducted, that no accident has ever occurred to any vessel either in taking up or floating out, nor during the time they were repairing in the Dock, although several vessels have been in the Dock during severe gales. List of Vessels wrecked and totally lost on the Coast of South-Car olina. 88 CENSUS OF CHARLESTON, v © pq ©'' £ o v> © bo v, o © o © © TO . Vl cS d © Vl pq g o 4-> c n o3 bD G • >-1 3 ©3 s' o TO © IP © .© O a CO 3 © £ n a W3 v © © © Vl PP a o -v> TO © to s •H Sm G 'G c* G O 4-> -> Vl opq pq r© -M -1-3 V o W _| r-3 W V< w Pn^pqpqGGO CO © - O “ TO 2 H •'•v! © © GG no © © s Pm n3 © © „ w Vl ■3 02 © cj © g'S® r c3 GG n3 © © r—4 © © © © ri4 © 0.2 pq ^3 bfl „ © 2 J5 © ^©3 ►n, rdware [ay, W Rice, m » Vi © § © ©3 © © -M *-< © -C gg gg Q Pm O pq co to CO r rn3 TJ ~ _ a§ §£ s'g S O O © o rt o b>J-S^ © © V V V* © © TO © - © to V CJ © a © © o GG co © co © r© o o o © O M - © » a ,r © CQ is§ o U1 to3 V o3 © o © ^ O 1 © CM ©3 ■-= © t-q © © Vi o “I b-2 o'rf v ,_, © O PP coQ © -r 0 §cpq Vi © to © © _. © ©3 v< © © IB co o TO t , Vi r/i ^ ’© © cd 2 M i-2 t3 © Q « 2 © 5 © to Vi © -V> © © © 02 ©^ © o ' ©j o o oo GG ©i J-M c2 O r- .h 4-^ H ©3 © © ©3 © © 02 cq -t-3 V. rg © © _o ® ^a 03 Jr! © ■g|3 ■*|c C 3 o IS *2 co"GG pq © © • r—I pq ^© &i) © © bo to M i—3 © ^ © ©3 _. to T3 © jQ 4-3 o § to o to O <1 4? S © Vi © r' O © to © © CO Vi © to © Vi ^ © s.-e © © TO M 2 ©* © ^ 2J3 © Jr! 5? cc © to © © TO S •2 g ^ © bJ3 a Vi © »> d) O >> Pm Pm CD 4-3 2 -j W {M 4 -M r- ^ U 4 n w . ri 0~t2 i-rj ’Im S G t? G»-G CO bj[)G ^ S o O •-“» c3 72 G O q CD -q Pm O W 02 O cm TO rn © © © © - t •; © ^ 3 © . ** C3 GG^HqMvq -v» © « | o 3 ©n © c3 ■73 r —4 pto r© d'S ^ffiOO © 1-° © L© .-© 3 -* - cT ^ © CO © © r© > V © © §* J3 © VJ1 S —C' o -2 © to cj cj .s w © S g c2 © P-H J- --h 42 © © b © ^ -V> H> ©3 2 cj © a !> I 1° P-M S © Vi pq © S 'o V © o a © V © © < © n < 3 1 GG Sj 0(M(N CO i—i 00 CD CO CM |u -ess o -u © > MH o *“* © r© Ct 3 *—J ©■ea * PP ©^ © ^ ^3 © © s 2 ^ © © a g.& -vi -C © y GG GG PP GG CO CO OJ iO i—i ©I „ © . © Vi ^3 7YJ QQ Vi ct"»h © S W © £ 2 O © -V © © © >» M V © © .JO © © C -v» OQ^O co 00 CM CO 00 ■4* JO CO CO cjo cjo >1 r - M © . Vi >-. © b © b a V 3 © S3 3 4J a S 3 ; © a © © Vi M -a Pm ^ bo © © © J3 O VH 3 v © r© © © © Pm Q r-> Vi © _, © -© £ 2 © jg % 13 Vi © V .JO ^ a 3 S © © CO CO 00 r- CO 00 pm^^oq 00 CO 00 OJ O I-H CO ©C Tf 1 00 00 00 CM 4< 00 List of Vessels wrecked — continued . VESSELS WRECKED 89 a? CO CO CO o Ph O © 3 03 PQ rH © 3 r Cl c5 QJ rH r-H c5 a> ci 9 c3 £3 c3 a> fl PP 2 pp PP 2 © PP CO hH O 3 o 3 o ffi CO f' i— H -4-^ CO C3 H-» o O -3^ 3 o © 02 &H 72 02 PP o Q CO 3 bO Si 3 3 O r“H 3 O _ 3 “—■ co qj c3 rH o r^ 03 rH o> ’■-r '— 1 o S O 3 sP © 3 © © • - 3 B i 'T* O c3 3 Q 02 02 co © G 32 3 3 72 3 „ P M 3 3 3! 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KCO .—I g a bon. 3 •^^02 PP © - 3 O ^ .2 o “ .3 3 Si © PP 72 3 , © *3 ■+-* 3 3 O 2^3 Si ^ © +-> 3 N ^ 3# 3 o 3 P 3 3 si 3 3 ffi 2 3 P rH cr 1 Sh c3 c3 i—a w * © 3 o -M © O o ci 2 3 3-i © CU 02 02 3 O PP co O CO CO 00 r-t c* ^ t~ o CM >> Si 3 © 3 >n 3 © 3 ° 3 © 3 <1 Q © ?-H S3 o Si 'I _ 3 . 3 cj 3 -i 3 © E 3o 3i *2 Si 3 3 3 3 ^ §3 5 . <02 C © '§ ^ 3 co © bO 3. co 3 3 00 00 3 CO 3 3 00 CO O' 3 CO .2 >» 3 © 3 3 3 Ph+2 Si ^ 3 3 3 OB* bO 3 © o Si -3 co O co 3 ’g bo 3 3 "© CO 3 gn £3 © © 3 3 3 3 m 3 © ^ '© 3 5 O Si co © 3 2 3 ^ Si 3 3 ,rH h? bo ©.5 3-> O •rH ZL ^1 <72 co © b o a 2 ° s « £ a> © £3 3 ^ O 3 w 3 3 a 3 t> © •rj Sh C<-H +-* © .i >> 3 ® s *S co 3 P > IP rt 3 SO .S CD o ^ Png - S3 Ph^ 3 a co P © CO ° -3 " a 32 - 3 3 3 O © P m © 3 3 3 3 Si 3 -n © f- 1 i P co © -+j 3 3 I s • ( *3 (*■ • ^ o Ph^3 3 3 O P , © 3 Si © 12 90 CENSUS OP CHARLESTON. EXPORTS OF COTTON AND RICE, &c. Detailed Tables of Exports of Cotton and Rice from the Port of Charleston, S. C., for 27 years; and of Lumber for 9 years. 1821-2 From 1st.October 1821 to 30th September 1822. BALES COTTON. 1 RICE. Sea Island. Upland. Total. Tierces. Great Britain, 24,636 74,707 99,343 14,745 France, 868 14,050 14,918 385 Hamburg 1 , - - 506 506 3,275 All other European Continental Ports, 6 2,543 2,549 6,654 New-York, • - 7,132 7,132 11,030 All other U. S. Ports withtheWest Indies. - - 5,602 5,602 42,072 Total. 25,510 104,540 1 130,050 78,161 1822-3 From 1st October 1822 to 30th September 1823. BALES COTTON. 1 i RICE. Sea Island. Upland. Total. Total Tierces. Great Britain, 25,391 90,162 115,553 15,981 France, 1,356 14,738 16,094 3,714 Hamburg, - 264 264 4,525 All other European Continental Ports, • - 6,463 6,463 15,191 New-York, - - 19,079 19,079 12,384 All other U. S. Ports with the West Indies. - - 5,460 5,460 28,603 Total. 26,747 136,166 162,913 80,398 1823-4 From 1st October 1823 to 30th September 1824. BALES COTTON. 1 RICE. Roush Rice. Total S.Island Upland. Total. Tierces. Bushels. Tierces. Great Britain, 21,713 80,297 102,010 21,677 *106,407 26,744 France, 2,919 24,454 27,373 3,434 3,434 Hamburg, 3 3 625 - 625 All other European Continental Ports, • 469 469 9,187 • 9,187 New-Y ork, _ _ 18,495 18,495 17,273 — 17,273 All other U. S. Ports with West Indies. - - 6,168 6,168 44,907i - - 44,907 i Total. 24,632 129,886 154,518 97,103 106,407 102,170 *The first Cargo of Rough Rice exported from Charleston was in this year, and was shipped by the late Jonathan Lucas, Esq., in the Ship Cfncinnatus, Capt. W. S. Sebor, bound for London. The invoice is dated 31st Oct., 1823, and the cargo Consisted of 13,292 bushels. For this infor¬ mation we are indebted to the politeness of Mr, Peter J, Barbot, EXPORTS OF COTTON AND RICE, &c. 91 Detailed Tables — continued . 1824-5 From 1st October 1834 to 30th September 1825. BALES COTTON. || IlICE. Sea Island. Upland. Total. Tierces. Rough Rice. Bushels. Total Tierces. Great Britain, France, Hamburg, All other European Continental Ports. New-York, All other U. S. Ports with West Indies. 18,036 217 105,587 8,545 321 2,896 18,782 4,943 123,623 8,762 321 2,896 18,782 4,943 12,883 3,353 2,972 19,606 19,653 30,936 66,853 16,067 3,353 2,972 19,606 19,653 30,936 Total. 18,253 141,074 159,327 89,403 66,853 92,587 1825-6 From 1st October 1825 to 30th September 1826. BALES COTTON. || 1UCE. Sea Island. Upland. Total. Tierces. Rough Rice. Bushels. Total Tierces. Great Britain, France, Hamburg, All other European Continental Ports. New-York, All other U. S. Ports with West Indies. 11,142 1,492 13 91,148 38,368 12,290 13,424 9,313 102,290 39,860 12,303 13,424 9,313 7,463 5,669 26,143 12,528 37,259 128,750 13,594 5,669 26,143 12,528 37,259 Total. 12,647 164,543 177,190 39,062 128,750 95,193 1826-7 From 1st October 1826 to 30tli September 1827. BALES COTTON. | 1 RICE. Sea Island. Upland. Total. Tierces. iRough Rice Bushels. Total Tierces. Great Britain, France, Hamburg, All other European Continental Ports. New-York, All other U. S. Ports with West Indies. 28,615 3,209 4 113,439 29,313 10,133 33,235 13,055 142,054 32,522 10,137 33,235 13,055 10,65 r 7,92£ 34,40: 11,26( 36,19c 1 170,00" 3 - - 1 - - 1 - - 1 18,753 , 7,928 34,403 11,266 36,193 Total. 31,828 199,175 231,003 100,44" il 170,001 108,543 92 CENSUS OF CHARLESTON, Detailed Tables—continued* 1827-8 From 1st October 1827 to 30th September 1828. BALES COTTON. | | RICE. S.Island Uplands. Total. Tierces. Rough Rice. Bushels. Total Tierces. Great Britain, 18,876 77,269 96,145 8,535 198,617 17,993 France, Hamburg, All other European 3,874 19,055 22,929 10,851 - 10,851 - ~ "* - - - - - \ Continental Ports, - 3,194 3,194 35,053 — <• 35,053 New-York, All other U. S. Ports - 13,192 13,192 15,013 - 15,013 with West Indies. - - 12,177 12,177 42,179 - - 42,179 | Total. 22,750 124,887 147,637 111,631 198,617 121,089 For the Tables of the foregoing seven years, from 1821-2 to 1827-8, with the exception of the Rough Rice Exports, we are indebted to the kindness of Mr. George Hervey for the use of a MS in which he made up the Exports regularly, from time to time, for a series of years, for his own private use and information. The per centum on these seven years has not been calculated, as the Coastwise Exports could not be dis¬ tinguished from the Foreign, under the head of “ All other United States Ports and the West Indiesal¬ though it will perceived that in the recapitulation table, page 101, it has been assumed that the Cotton under that head went Coastwise, and the Rice Foreign. 1828-9 From 1st October 1828 to 30th September 1829. BALES COTTON. ! l RICE. 1 PER CENTUM. S.lsland Uplands. Total. Tierces. R. Rice. Bushels. Total. Tierces. Prop’n in 100 bales Cotton Prop’n in 100 Tierc’s Rice. Great Britain, 19,709 119,054 138,763 5,410 248,724 17,254 64.83 12.88 France, North of Eu- 3,330 30,517 33,847 9,955 • 9,955 15.82 7.43 rope, South of Eu- 8 10,849 10,857 40,270 40,270 5.07 30.07 rope, West Indies, - 1,111 1,111 1,395 - 1,395 .52 1.04 - - 23,590 - 23,590 - - 17.62 Coastwise, City Con- - 29,450 29,450 31,567 - 31,567 13.76 23.57 sumption, - - - - 9,900 - 9,900 - - 7.39 'Total. 23,047 190,981 214,028 122,087 248,724 133,931 100. 100. EXPORTS OF COTTON AND RICE, &c. 93 Detailed Tables — continued . 1829-30 From 1st October 1829 to 30th September 1830. BALES COTTON. | RICE. 1 | PER CENTUM. 1 Prop’n Prop’n S Island Uplands. Total. Tierces. E. Rice. Total. in 100 in 100 bales Tierc’s Bushels. Tierces. Cotton Rice. [Great Britain, 14,286 120,534 134,820 8,069 171,834 16,252 64.37 12.95 [France, 2,158 33,961 36,119 8,816 - 8,816 17.25 7.03 N. of Europe, 92 10,433 10,525 37,589 - 37,589 5.03 29.96 S. of Europe, - 708 708 1,513 - 1,513 .34 1.20 West Indies, - • - 22,275 - 22,275 - - 17.75 jCoastwise, 1 ‘N.ofCharl’ton > 1,172 26,084 27,256 26,298 - 26,298 13.01 20.96 [s. ofCharl’ton ) - - - 2,760 - 2,760 - - 2.20 City Con- sumption. - - - 9,970 - 9,970 - - 7.95 Total. 17,708 191,720 209,428 171,290 117,834 125,473 100. 100. 1830-1 From 1st October 1830 to 30th September 1831. BALES COTTON. | 1 RICE. 1 1 PER CENTUM. Pro.in Prop’n S.Island Uplands. Total. Tierces. R. Rice. Total. 100 bis in 100 • Exp’d. Tierc’s Bushels. Tierces. Cotton Rice. Great Britain, 17,796 133,476 151,272 14,024 196,881 23,399 73.68 21.12 France, 801 10,587 11,388 7,785 7,785 5.55 7.03 NF. of Europe, - 2,362 2,362 15,694 - 15,694 1.15 14.17 S. of Europe,- - 1,702 1,702 - - - .83 - - West Indies, - - - 24,673 - 24,673 - - 22.27 Coastwise, } N.ofCharl’ton > 1,666 36,817 38,483 26,311 - 26,311 18.75 23.75 S. ofCharl’ton j 54 37 91 3,895 - 3,895 .04 3.52 City Con- sumption, - - - 9,014 - 9,014 - - 8.14 Burnt, - 1,436 1,436 Total. 20,317 186,417 206,734 101,396 196,881 110,771 100. 100. 183 1-2 From 1st October 1831 to 30th September 1832. BALES COTTON. 1 l RICE. | PER CENTUM. Prop’n Prop’ll S Island Uplands. Total. Tierces. R. Rice. Total. in 100 in 100 bales Tierc’s Bushels, j Tierces. Cotton Rice. Great Britain, 14,094 124,589 138,683 11,701 240,792 23,167 63.25 18.24 France, 2,847 33,054 35,901 9,293 - 9,293 16.37 7.31 N. of Europe, _ 6,559 6,559 19,300 27,372 20,603 2.99 16.22 S. of Europe, - 1,485 1,485 117 - 117 .68 .09 West Indies, • • . • _ - 26,607 - . 26,607 - - 20.94 Coastwise, i N.ofCharl’ton > 1,302 35,346 36,648 33,825 33,825 16.71 26.63 S. of Charl’ton j - - - 4,387 - 4,387 - - 3.45 City Con- sumption. - - - 9,042 - 9,042 - - 7.12 Total. 18,243 201,033 219,276 114,272 268,164 127,041 100. 100. 94 CENSUS OF CHARLESTON Detailed Tables — continued . 1832-3 From 1st October 1832 to 30th September 1833. BALES COTTON. I RICE. 1 ! PER CENTUM. 1 1 Prop’n Prop’n ) S Island Uplands. Total. Tierces. R. Rice. Total. in 100 in 100 l bales Tierc’s Bushels. Tierces. Cotton Rice. Great Britain, 18,085? 99,419 117,501 14,986 218,534 25,393 '59.05 17.54 Trance, 3,703 34,090 37,795 11,859 - 11,859 18.99 8.19 lV. of Europe, - 9,447 9,447 23,237 96,668 27,840 4.75 19.22 S. of Europe, - 210 210 - - “ r .11 - - West Indies, - - - 25,358 - 25,358 - - 17.51 Coastwise, 1,102 32,925 34,027 47,254 - 47,254 17.10 32.63 City Con- sumption. - - - 7,104 - 7,104 - - 4.91 Total. 22,889 176,091 198,980 129,798 315,202 144,806 100. 100. 1833-4 ■ From 1st October 1833 to 30th September 1834. BALES COTTON. | 1 RICE. 1 PER CENTUM. Prop’n Prop’n S Island Uplands. Total. Tierces. R. Rice. Total. in 100 in 100 bales Tierc’s Bushels. Tierces. Cotton Rice. Great Britain, 12,181 130,076 142,257 2,587 305,497 17,134 55.23 14.15 France, 4,968 42,235 47,203 8,291 - 8,291 18.33 6.85 N. of Europe, - 23,111 23,111 33,515 58,296 36,291 8.97 29.96 8. of Europe, - 2,537 2,537 314 - 314 .98 .26 West Indies, - - - 21,008 - 21,008 - - 17.34 Coastwise, } N'.of Charl’ton / 1,539 40,924 42,463 25,041 13,719 25,694 16.49 21.21 5. of Charl’ton j - - 6,058 - 6,053 • - 5.00 City Con r - sumption. - - - 6,340 - 6,340 - - 5.23 Total. 18,688 238,883 257,571 103,154 377,512 121,130 100. 100. 1834-5 From 1st October 1834 to 30th September 1835. BALES COTTON. | 1 RICE. | PER CENTUM. I Prop’n Prop ’11 S Island Uplands. Total. Tierces. R. Rice. Total. in 100 in 100 bales Tierc’s Bushels. Tierces. Cotton Rice. Great Britain, 12,990 95,635 108,625 292i 270,877 13,192 53.22 170.60 France, 2,190 27,748 29,938 5 , 7574 - - 5,7574- 14.67 4.62 N. of Europe, - 15,068 15,068 28,197 46,707 30,421 7.38 24.44 S. of Europe, - 7,198 7,198 2,205 - 2,205 3.52 1.77 West Indies, - - - 23,949 10 23,9494 • - 19.24 Coastwise, 1 X of Charl’ton > 932 42,358 43,290 33,095 41,788 35,085 21.21 128.19 S. of Charl’ton ) - - 1 " 7,665 - 7,665 6.16 City Con- sumption. - - - 6,200 - 6,200 - - 4.98 Total. 16,112(188,007 204,119 107,361 359,382 124,475 100. 100. EXPORTS OP GOTTON AND RICE, &6. 95 Detailed Tables — continued. 1835-6 From 1st October 1835 to 30th September 1836. BALES COTTON. | 1 RICE. I PER CENTUM. Prop’n Prop’n S Island Uplands. Total. Tierces. R. Rice. Total. in 100 in 100 bales Tierc’s Bushels. Tierces. Cotton Rice. Great Britain, 11,096 101,295 112,391 171 257,372 12,427 46.08 9.34 Trance, 4,035 52,869 56,904 10,061 - 10,061 23.33 7.56 N. of Europe, • 21,083 21,083 27,068 99,380 31,800 8.65 23.89 S. of Europe, - 5,114 5,114 196 - 196 » 2.10 .15 West Indies, - • - 24,523 - 24,523 - - 18.42 Coastwise, ^ i N of Cliarl’ton > 729 47,669 48,398 36,303 29,407 37,703 19.84 28.33 S.of Charl’ton 3 • _ • - 10,135 900 10,178 - - 7.65 City Con- sumption. - - - - 6,200 - 6,200 - - 4.66 Total. 15,860 228,030 243,890 114,657 387,059 133,088 100 . 100 . Note— Exports from Georgetown, same time Bales Cotton. Bbls. Rice. Rough Rice, bush. 14,139 about 250 32,928 1836-7 From 1st October 1836 to 30th September 1837. BALES COTTON. 1 1 RICE. 1 1 PER CENTUM. Prop’n Prop’n S Island Uplands. Total. Tierces. R. Rice. Total. in 100 in 10C bales Tierc’s Bushels. Tierces. Cotton Rice. Great Britain, 10,067 97,410 107,477 164 336,384 16,182 53.83 13.37 Trance, 2,085 43,386 45,471 8,680 - 8,680 22.78 7.15 NT. of Europe, -> 12,022 12,022 15,934 176,424 24,335 6.02 20.11 S. of Europe, - 822 822 109 - 109 .41 .08 West Indies, • 463 463 24,497 - 24,497 .23 20.24 Coastwise, N of Charl’ton s. 269 33,138 33,407 30,944 22,999 32,039 16.73 26.48 S. of Charl’ton 3 - - - 8,766 - 8,766 - - 7.25 City Con- • sumption, - 6,400 - 6,400 - - 5.29 Burnt, - 430 430 Total. 12,421 187,671 200,092 95,494 535,807 121,008 100 . 100 . Note — Exports from Georgetown. Cotton, 8,670 ■; Bbls. Rice, about 250; Rough Rice , 1(5,610. 1837-8 From 1st October 1837 to 3Uth September 1838. BALES COTTON. i RICE. 1 1 PER CENTUM. Prop’n Prop’ll S Island Uplands. Total. Tierces. R. Rice. Total. in 100 in 101 bales Tierc’s 1 1 Bushels. Tierces. Cotton Rice. Great Britain, 14,598 143,614 158,212 1,083 195,165 10,377 52.09 11.65 France, 2,114 53,571 55,685 4,112 - 4,112 18.33 4.62 N. of Europe, - - 28,853 28,853 8,238 141,277 14,965 9.50 16.82 S. of Europe, - 1,137 1,137 50 - 50 .37 .06 West Indies, • 2,580 2,580 22,010 - 22,010 .85 24.74 Coastwise, } N of Chari’ ton v 405 56,865 57,270 23,287 19,399 24,211 18.86 27.22 S.of Charl’ton 3 - - 6,626 • 6,626 _ - 7.45 City Con- sumption, - - - 6,600 «* mm 6,600 - - 7.42 Total. 17,117 286,620 303,737 72,006 355,841 88,951 100 . 100 . Note — Exports from Georgetown. Bales Cotton, 17,200 ; Bbls. Rice, about 250 : R. Rice, 25,323. 96 CENSUS OF CHARLESTON. Detailed Tables — continued . 1838-9 From 1st October 1838 to 30th September 1839. BALES COTTON. | | RICE. I I PER CENTUM. S Island Uplands. Total. Tierces. R. Rice. Bushels. Total. Tierces. Prop’n in 100 bales Cotton Prop’n in 100 Tierc’s Rice. Great Britain, 8,355 111,131 119,486' 10 360,526 17,177 56.17 16.09 France, N. of Europe, 1,620 29,045 30,665 6,192 - 6,192 14.42 5.80 - 7,733 7,733 14,806 109,786 20,034 3.63 18.76 S. of Europe, - 24 24 37 - 37 .01 .03 West Indies, - 352 352 20,177 - 20,177 .17 18.90 Coastwise, 1 NofCharl’ton b 537 53,917 54,454 26,570 22,950 27,663 25.60 25.91 S.of Charl’ton 3 - - - 8,632 - 8,632 • - 8.09 City Con- sumption, - - - 6,850 - 6,850 - - 6.42 Total. 10,512 202,202 212,714 83,274 493,262 106,762 100 . 100 . Note —Exports from Georgetown. Cotton, 12,000; Bbls. Rice, about 250; R. Rice, 21,000 bush. 1839-40 From 1st October 1839 to 30th September 1840. BALES COTTON.|| RICE.I I LUMBER. || PER CENTUM. S Island Uplands. Total. I 1 Tierces R. Rice. Bushels. Total. Tierces. Feet. Prop’n in 100 bales Cotton Prop’n in 100 Tierc’s Rice. GBritain 15,291 137,751 153,042 15 355,072 16,923 10,517 49.74 15.79 France, North of 4,019 58,898 62,917 7,876 - 7,876 - 20.45 7.35 Europe, South of - 29,453 29,453 16,034 76,434 19,674 1,800 9.57 18.35 Europe, Westln- - 801 801 381 - 381 • m .26 .36 dies, Coast’e, North of > 1,288 1,288 23,942 *• 23,942 290,435 .42 22.34 Chas’on. South of ► 459 59,719 60,178 24,922 4 24,922 * 19.56 23.25 Chas’on. C’y Con- sump’n, J - - * - - , 6,669 - 6,669 - - - 6.22 - - - ; 6,800 - 6,800 - - - 6.34 Total. 19,769 287,910 307,679 86,639|431,506 107,187 302,752 100. 100. Note— Exports from Georgetown. Cotton, 13,200 ; Bbls. Rice, about 250 ; Rough Rice, 10,342. * The Coastwise Exports coukl not be obtained. EXPORTS OF COTTON AND RICE, &c. 97 Detailed Tables — continued . 1840-1 From 1st October 1840 to 31st August 1841. BALES COTTON. | l RICE. | LUMBER. | PER CENTUM. I | Pro. ill Prop’n S Island Uplands. Total. 1 Tierces R. Rice. I Total. Feet. 100 bis in 100 Exp’d. Tierc’s I Bushels. Tierces. Cotton Rice. G Britain 9,109 91,240 100,349 1 365,697 17,415 42,597 45.09 16.21 France, 3,731 32,155 35,886 8,267 400 8,286 17,865 16.12 7.71 North of Europe, * T 22,305 22,305! 22,199 89,495 26,461 21,616 10.02 24.63 South of Europe, - 2,251 2,251 716 716 69,341 1.01 .67 We stln- dies, - 257 257 22,388 _ „ 22,388 1,683,638 1 O . I aJ 20.84 Coast’e, * North of Chas’on. >■ 930 60,589 61,519 20,035 15,489 20,773 • - 27.64 19.33 South of I Chas’on. J - - - - 5,197 5,197 - • • 4.84 C’yCon- sump’n, - - - 6,200 6,200 - - - 5.77 Burnt, - 750 750 Total. 13,770 209,547 223,317 85,003 471,081 107,436 1,835,057 100 . 100 . Note—E xports from Georgetown. Cotton, 12,043 ; Bbls. Rice, about 250; Rough Rice, 21,677. * The Coastwise Exports could not be obtained. 1841 -2 From 1st September 1841 to 31st August 1842. BALES COTTON. | 1 RICE. i LUMBER. | | PER CENTUM. 1 Pro. in Prop’n te Island Uplands. Total. Tierces R. Rice. Total. Feet. 100 bis in 100 Exp’d. Tierc’s Bushels. Tierces. Cotton Rice. GBritain 9,784 88,521 98,305 42 327,818 15,652 96,300 36.46 13.37 ? ranee, 4,335 71,169 75,504 5,545 - - 5,545 209,589 28.01 4.73 North of Europe, - 21,417 21,417 22,375 111,867 27,702 12,965 7.94 23.65 South of Europe, - 3,193 3,193 880 6,000 1,166 179,136 1.19 1.00 Westln- 1 i dies, - 405 405 25,674 _ „ 25,674 870,161 .15 21.92 Coast’e, * North of Chas’on. 341 70,442 70,783 29,003 2,870 29,140 - 26.25 24.88 Soutli of Chas’on. - - - 5,035 - - 5,035 • • 4.30 C’yCon- sump’n, - - 7,200 7,200 - - - 6.15 Burnt, - 140 140 Total. 14,460 255,287 269,747 95,754*448,555 117,114 1,368,151 100 . 100 . Note—E xports from Georgetown. Cotton, 12,617; Bbls. Rice, about 250; R. Rice, 12,900 bushels. * The Coastwise Exports could not be obtained. 13 * 98 CENSUS OF CHARLESTON. Detailed Tables — continued . 1842 -3 From 1st September 1842 to 31st August 1843. BALES COTTON. I RICE. l 1 LUMBER. | PER CENTUM. ) Prop’n Prop’n S Island Uplands. Total. Tierces. R. Rice. Total. Feet. in 100 in 100 | bales Tierc’s Bushels. Tierces. Cotton Rice. GBritain 15,200 186,445 201,645 2,011 134,390 8,411 25,941 57.19 6.15 France, 1,151 52,574 53,725 11,275 58,251 14,049 152,495 15.24 10.26 North of 1 Europe, • 15,646 15,646 20,471 92,705 24,885 8,400 4,44 18.18 South of > Europe, - 2,260 2,260 437 8,672 850 104,337 .64 .62 Westln- dies, • - 110 110 23,380 - 23,380 1,091,483 .03 17.08 Coast’e, > 1 * North of Chas’on. l 681 78,523 79,204 50,199 6,519 50,509 22.46 36.90 South of | Chas’on. - _ • 7,502 - - 7,502 I - «. 5.48 C’yCon- sump’n. - - - 7,300 - 7,300 ! . - - “ 5.33 Total. 17,032 335,558 352,590 1122,575 300,531 136,886 1,382,656 100. 100. Note —Exports from Georgetown. Bales Cotton 12,950: Bbls. Rice, about 250: R.Rice, 26,974. * The Coastwise Exports could not be obtained. 1843-4 • From 1st September 1843 to 31st August 1844. BALES COTTON. i RICE. 1 | LUMBER. 1 1 PER CENTUM. |Pro.in Prop’n S.Island Uplands. Total. Tierces. R. Rice. Total. Feet. 100 bis in 100 Exp’d. Tierc’s Bushels. Tierces. Cotton Rice. GBritain 1 2,603 124,786 137,389' 86 322,616 15,450 22,512 44,97 11.52 France, 2,440 34,180 36,620 8,809 24,344 9,968 53,181 11.99 7.43 North of Europe, -• 7,324 7,324 27,145 136,635 33,651 10,100 2.40 25.09 South of Europe, - - - 203 • - 203 337,791 .15 Westln- dies, - • 23,721 — "■ 1 23,721 2,119,181 _ m 17.68 Coast’e, ] j * North of 1 ' Chas’on. 1,148 123,023 124,171 36,239 5,027 36,478 40.64 27.19 South of I Chas’on. J • 7,026 . 7,026 • - 5.24 C’yCon- » sump’n. - - - 7,650 - 7,650 - - . wm 5.70 Burnt, • 1,066 1,066 Total. 16,191 290,379 306,570 110,879 488,622 134,147 2,542,765 100. 100. Note— Exports from Georgetown. Cotton, 15,391 : Bbls. Rice, about 259; Rough Rice, 19,725. * The Coastwise Exports could not be obtained. EXPORTS OP COTTON AND RICE, &c. 99 Detailed Tables — continued . 1844-5 from 1st September 1844 to 31st August 1845. BALES COTTON. RICE. LUMBER. 11 PER CENTUM. S Island Uplands. Total. Tierces. R. Rice. Bushels. Total. Tierces. Feet. Pro.in 100 bis Exp’d. Cotton Prop’n in 100 Tierc’s Rice. GBritain 16,265 202,353 218,618 99 350,774 16,802 13,3441 51.82 14.12 France, North of 4,640 67,581 72,221 4,185 56,805 6,890 23,600 17.12 5.79 Europe, South of 15,877 15,877 10,625 153,830 17,950 7,585 3.76 15.08 Europe, Westln- * • 2,918 2,918 60 - 60 230,035 .69 .05 dies, Coast’e, ^orth of l > 423 141 141 28,382 «*• • / 28,382 739,180 * .03 23.84 Chas’on. South of 111,698 112,121 34,992 ♦ * 34,992 26.58 29.40 Chas’on. C’y Con- • - • • • • 5,978 5,978 to to m 5.02 sump’n. Burnt, : : 3,481 to — 3,481 7,980 •> •» 7,980 to to to to 6.70 Total. 21,328 404,049 425,377 i 92,301 561,409 119,034 11,013,744 100. 100. Note —Exports from Georgetown. Cotton, 15,395; Bbls. Rice, about 250; Rough Rice, 35,511. * The Coastwise Exports could not be obtained. 1845-6 From 1st September 1845 to 31st August 1846. BALES COTTON. || RICE. II LUMBER. II PER CENTUM. Prop’n] Prop’n I S Island Uplands. Total. Tierces R. Rice. Bushels. Total. Tierces. Feet. in 100 bales Cotton in 100 Tierc’s Rice. GBritain 12,824 104,246 117,070 2,233 203,523 11,924 527,658 43.67 10.82 France, North of 6,703 44,277 50,980 5,074 35,334 6,757 75,991 19.02 6.13 Europe, South of to to 5,118 5,118 14,480 107,333 19,591 5,000 [ 1.91 17.77 Europe, Westln- ■r • 6,592 6,592 34 - 34 109,562 2.46 .03 dies, Coast’e, North of 'v m • 16,217 40 16,219, 710,883 “ 14.72 Chas’on. South of > 476 87,841 88,317 37,855 8,909 38,279 12,231,963 32.94 34.73 Chas’on. C’y Con- sump’n. > • — to to to 7,811 •• to 7,811 to to «» •* 7.09 - • to to 9,600 - 9,600 to * - - 8.71 Total. 20,003 248,074 268,077 ' * 93,304 355,139 110,215 13,661,057 100 . 100 . Note— Exports from Georgetown. Cotton, 3,852 ; Bbls. Rice, about 250 ; Rough Rice, 23,600* CENSUS OF CHARLESTON. a oo Detailed Tables — continued. 1846-7 From 1st September 1846 to 31st August 1847. BALES COTTON. 1 RICE. | LUMBER. I | PER CENTUM. Prop’n Prop'll S Island Uplands. Total. Tierces. R. Rice. Total. Feet. in 100 in 100 bales Tierc’s Bushels. Tierces. Cotton Rice. GBritain 7,915 113,747 121,662 20,808 303,175 35,245 42,526 35.05 23.83 France, 2,954 48,498 51,452 11,451 32,173 12,983 50,051 14.82 8.78 North of i Europe, 8,794 8,794 9,688 154,015 17,022 41,980 2.53 11.51 South of | Europe, _ 8,428 8,428 6 * • 6 1,091,125 2.43 * «■ Westln- dies, — *• • — •• * 24,017 «» «• 24,017 1,318,826 - - 16.23 Coast’e, > ! North of Chas’on. 698 156,064 156,762 40,365 9,395 40,812 9,136,808 45.17 27.59 South of Chas’on. > • » 7,846 ♦ * 7,846 * 4» • • 5.30 C’yCon- 6.76 sump’n. - - - 10,000 m «* 10,000 «• a» - - Total. 11,567)335,531 347,098 124,181 498,758 147,931 11,681,316 100. 100. Note- -Exports from Georgetown. Cotton, 2,000; Bbls. Rice, 496 ; Rough Rice, 30,800. 1847-8 From 1st September 1847 to 31st August 1848. BALES COTTON. 1 RICE. || LUMBER. ! Iper centum. Pro.in Prop’n S Island Uplands. Total. Tierces. R. Rice. Total. Feet. 100 bis in 100 Exp’d. Tierc’s Bushels. Tierces. Cotton Rice. GBritain 12,987 140,103 153,090 4,846 232,303 15,908 478,675 51.44 12.55 France, 2,358 27,221 29,579 5,563 24,630 6,736 85,750 9.94 5.31 North of Europe, - 11,390 11,390 13,157 163,486 20,942 235,217 3.83 16.52 South of Europe, - 4,787 4,787 w • 1,186,217 1.61 — — Westln- dies, - . • 20,844 • - 20,844 1,776,451 16.44 Coast’e, 1 North of Chas’on. [ 685 98,061 98,746 42,052 1,960 42,145 15,931,436 33.18 33.25 South of Chas’on. J » • •» 9,448 • «• 9,448 • . - • «* 7.45 C’yCon- sump’n. - - 10,752 • * 10,752 _ 8.48 Burnt, - 1,392 1,392 Total. 16,030 282,954 298,984 106,662 422,379 126,775 19,693,746 100. 100. Note —Exports from Georgetown. Cotton, 228 Bbls. Rice, 319 ; Rough Rice, 24,000 bushels. In the foregoing Tables, the six years from 1828-9 to 1833-4, have been compiled from careful comparisons of the different Commercial records publish- ed during that period; the remaining years have been made up from “ The Courier Letter Sheet Prices Current.” The Rough Rice has been reduced to Tierces at the rate of 21 bushels to the Tierce. 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C-? ©f N CC CC CC CC CC CC CC ddddcsdddcrsczdd -In -loo -ico -Ico Cdoowlw «|co tolcoCd«d l fi|® 3 |H' 0 |a ©?t©?Cto©>©tC?©?©J©f©J©?©) • • • > • i i • i ii • _o to r- jr, O *— 'cc a (~i is —• 3 r° HH 3 —; Uto <^Z o Q • ••■II I I I I I I ■ I I • I I J I I I I I 3 3 H a —H H n> O E2h a ^ ___ .. V?H r*»7 ^ £ 2 3 c - © «rO '►J 3 c/5 to 3 © bJD 3 © to r3 to: s s s Q o © - cl, S > O 3 oU.O 3 3 3 o O O © w O ft O 104 CENSUS OF CHARLESTON. Prices of Rough Rice at Charleston—Compiled from the Weekly Courier Letter Sheet Prices Current. 1835 1836 1837 1838 1839 1840 1841 $ ct. $ ct. $ ct. $ ct. $ ct. $ ct. $ ct. $ ct. $ ct. $ ct. ct. ct. ct. ct. Jan. m m • • 88 a 93 82al 02 90al 04 72a82 75a80 Feb. _ . 85a 94 98al 08 1 OOal 10 77a82 75a84 Mar. _ - 91al 02 95al 07 1 OOal 13 68a77 80a85 April 87a 98 85al 03 90al 06 1 05al 13 72a 82a85 May m m 87al 00 1 06al 25 1 05a1 15 70a75 83a85 June 1 10al 19 80al 06 90a 1 15al 25 1 lOal 15 75a85 85a86 July 1 20a - 87al 00 1 15al 25 1 12a1 15 - 90a Aug. 1 lOal 15 1 OOal 06 1 OOal 06 1 lOal 25 - 90a Sept. • 87a 1 05al 06 1 20a 90a - - Oct. • . 1 lOal 20 . it - 83a 92a Nov. 80a 87a 92 87al 06 98al 01 78a 87 80a83 78a86 Dec. - 88a 92 83al 00 - ,- ■ - 93al 04 70a 82 80a84 80a83 Prices of Rough Rice — Continued. 1842 1843 1844 1845 1846 1847 1848 ct. ct. ct. ct. ct. ct. $ ct. $ ct. 8 ct. $ ct. $ ct. $ ct. ct. ct. Tan. 68 a 80 62 a 78 55 a 66 70a 81 1 05a 1 31 80a 93 86 a 95 Feb. 70 a 75 58 a 63 57 a 66 70a 85 1 OOal 18 92al 11 82 a 93 Mar. 70 a 75 55 a 64 60 a 80 75a 90 85al 03 96al 15 80 a 95 April 70 a 75 50 a 62 75 a 80 73a 88 90al 10 93al 15 76 a 93 May 70 a 72 55 a 62 75 a 81 85a 94 93al 10 1 OOal 25 75 a 80 June • 57 a 63 30 a 81 83a 94 85a 90 1 Hal 40 72 a 74 July 68 a 72 60 a 62 81 a 87a 85a 1 25al 40 80 a Aug. - . 62 a 65 83 a 87 85a 80a - 84 a Sept. 65 a 65 a - - 1 23a 80a 90 - 83 a 92 Oct. 65 a 72 60 a 64 65 a 75 1 15al 30 94a 1 00 84al 00 - - Nov. 63 a 75 60 a 68 68 a 77 1 22al 30 90al 00 70al 00 75 a 76 Dec. 65 a 72 57 a 68 70 a 80 1 21al 37 80a 90 i 70a 95 74 a 81 COTTON. 105 COTTON. This article occupies so important a place in the Commerce of Charleston, that it demands a more ex¬ tended notice than the mere statement of Exports for the few years which we have been enabled to give in the foregoing Tables. That at a very early period Cotton was cultivated in South Carolina, principally for domestic purposes, and in some instances for export, is established by the state¬ ments of the following authorities : In a reprint in “Carroll’s Historical Collections of South Carolina” of “ The History of Carolina, by J. Oldmixon,” printed in London in 1708. It is stated that its (Carolina’s) “principal commodities are Provi¬ sions—as Beef, Pork, Corn, Peas, Butter, &c. &c., Hoops, Cotton , Silk;” and again, that “the ordinary women take care of Cows, Hogs, and other small cat¬ tle, &c., spin Cotton and Flax.” From a reprint in Carroll’s Historical Collections of South Carolina, entitled “A Description of the Province of South Carolina, drawn up at Charles Town in Sep¬ tember 1731,” by John Peter Purry and others, attest¬ ed with their certificate as eye witnesses, at foot of the statement. We quote—“Flax and Cotton thrive ad¬ mirably, and Hemp grows from thirteen to fourteen feet in heightand again, “ That by means of the Wool, Cottonj Flax and Hemp, it will be easy to pro¬ cure all the Linen necessary, as also good Cloth and Stuffs for cioathing.” From a reprint in Carroll’s Historical Collections of South Carolina, entitled “ A description of South Caro¬ lina, &c. &c.” printed in London 1761, giving “ An ac¬ count of several species and quantities of commodities of the produce of South Carolina, which were exported 106 CENSUS OF CHARLESTON. from thence at the port of Charles Town, in one year, from first November, 1741, to first November, 1748, &;c. &c.” among the enumerated articles are, “ Cotton Wool 7 bags and in the same pamphlet, among the imports, are “ Wollen and Cotton Cards.” In another reprint in Carroll’s Historical Collections of South Carolina, giving a description of the Province of South Carolina, “written in 1763 for private use, and afterwards printed in London in 1770,” we find that “ The Cotton tree likewise grows naturally in this pro¬ vince, and might be of great use in cloathing the poorer sort of white inhabitants and the negroes, if any pains were taken to cultivate it.” From Drayton’s view of South Carolina, printed in 1802, we quote—“ Cotton is noticed as an article of ex¬ port in South Carolina as early as the year 1754; and from that time to this it has been grown in the State and in a subsequent table of Exports for that year, among others articles given, is “ some Cotton .” Governor Seabrook in his valuable “ Memoir on the origin, cultivation and uses of Cotton,” published in 1844, has also collected many evidences of the early cultivation of Cotton in South Carolina; from which pamphlet the following extracts are made : “In that year, (1775) while a Cotton patch was no unusual spectacle, Col. Delagall, of South Carolina, &c., cultivated thirty acres of the green seed kind, near Savannah.” ****** ******* <( j n Wilson’s account of the 4 Province of Carolina in America,’ published in 1682, it is stated that Cotton of the Cyprus and Malta sort grows well, and a good plenty of the seed is sent thither.” ******* ******* “From the Journal of Mrs. Pinckney, the mother of Genl. Thomas and Genl. Charles C. Pinck¬ ney, who as Miss Lucas, when only 18 years of age, COTTON. 107 was entrusted with the planting interests of her father the Gov. of Antigua, is the following memorandum — July 1? 1/39. Wrote to my father to-day a very long letter on his plantation affairs—on the pains I had taken to bring the Indigo, Ginger, Cotton, Lucerne and Ca¬ nada to peifection, &c.” June 1741. MYote again to m y father on the subject of Indigo and Cotton.” ***** u A short time before the Revolution, a few of our plan¬ ters by growing patches of Cotton, some of which was ol the black seed kind, succeeded in cloathing not only their families, to which they had been accustomed, but also their slaves. The necessities of the war, - cs H-V CM r-H CO © CM VO © © vO © t' vO © VO t/D be o 03 © © © © CM Tjl CM © r- r- © r—| © © a G C 3 rH © r-H © © © vO © © © © vO vO VO CJ 05 rH r-H r-H r-H r-H r-H CM r-H CM VO r- co CM VO 1 - © © © © © © G 73 o G G © © © © © © © Tf vO © VO 00 Tfl o G G 1 1 © © © CM CM vO © L' CM r-H © S 3 ca r-H r-H CM r-H CM CM CM G o £ 1 , 02 • © © © © >o © #n 00 03 CM i-< O vo rf VO CM in 03 S 3 0 ) to © »o ' CD * )> (50 ' t" oo" 1- 03 CD O CD CD 03 03 i-^co VO 00 OcT CD t'OHTf © CM^vo © •*f vcf cm" H r( [C t* CM --H oo i—i © © ^ fN CD CD © CM ©03 CD 00 CO rj< vo © © © 00 00 00 >3 a, 03 72 CD I ~ © © 00 oo M CO 00 VO i—( £" © (M^ © © Tf" 'cf CD © 03 CD © 00 of © CD © 1- © vo 00 of U" CM © © CO 00 rf © © Tj< CO oo co rf o CO CM i—t vo Tjf of O0 © © © 00 OO OO 1-1 © VO CM © CO of of H< O Tt< © •v O 00 © © rf t- r vo t- r~ © oo oo ’—I CM r—i i—i 00 oo CO Ttf 1—1 T —1 OO 00 vo © 1—1 1—1 © © © © CO o S2?ft55SE2 00a:)Or HC<> tY 5'^vo© OooOOOOO-iP-.^^Hr-i^^ 20 ©©©©© 00 ©© 00 ©©© 00 © - 4-3 o o H-=> C/2 N* v# V G o 3 'S. & G G c3 02 g a G cS 03 m G 02 a> £ a> rO £» 72 a> >> o> 72 03 -G o> G o 2 2 s # o -♦—* 03 S3 TS O * From “ Pitkin's Statistics of the JJ. States” 2 d edition . EXPORTS OF COTTON FROM THE UNITED STATES, THE GROWTH AND PRODUCE OF THE UNITED STATES. Sea Island. Uplands. Pounds. Pounds. 1st Oct. 1817 to 30th Sept. 1818, 6,457,335 86,013,843 “ 1818 “ U 1819, 7,448,775 80,508,270 “ 1819 “ U 1820, 11,569,015 116,291,137 “ 1820 “ U 1821, 11,344,066 113,549,339 “ 1821 « C( 1822, 11,250,635 133,424,460 “ 1822 « a 1823, 12,136,688 161,586,582 “ 1823 « « 1824, 9,525,722 132,843,941 “ 1824 “ a 1825, 9,665,278 166,784,629 Reduced to packages of 300 lbs. will give S.I. bales. Upld’s, b’s 19,568 260,648 22,572 243,964 35,058 352,397 34,376 344,089 34,093 404,317 36,778 489,656 28,866 402,557 29,289 505,408 COTTON. 111 from 1st October 1818, we have a more accurate estimate of the Sea Island Crops of the United States for each year, in the following table of the Exports from Savannah and Charleston to 30th Sept. 1832, and from that period, the actual Crops of Georgia and South Carolina for each year to 31st August 1848. Exports of Sea Island Cotton, from 1st October 1818 to 30 th Sept • 1832; and of Crops from ls£ October 1832 to 31 st August 1848. Charleston. Bales. Savannah. Bales. 1st Oct. 1818 to 30th Sept. 1819, Exp. 9,865 Exp. 8,425 u 1819 “ a 1820, “ 21,484 44 11,895 a 1820 “ a 1821, “ 24,622 44 10,888 ii 1821 44 a 1822, “ 25,510 44 10,775 ii 1822 44 u 1823, “ 26,747 44 10,830 a 1823 44 u 1824, “ 24,632 44 9,951 ii 1824 44 a 1825, “ 18,253 44 7,763 ii 1825 “ a 1826, “ 12,647 44 6,029 ii 1826 44 a 1827, “ 31,828 44 14,549 a 1827 “ a 1828, “ 22,750 44 12,126 li 1828 44 a 1829, “ 23,047 44 13,729 a 1829 “ a 1830, 46 17,708 44 9,579 ii 1830 “ a 1831, “ 20,317 44 7,586 ii 1831 44 ii 1832, “ 18,243 44 9,664 ii 1832 44 ii 1833, Crop22,591 Cropl2,463 < ii 1833 44 ti 1834, “ 19,435 44 8,709 ii 1834 44 li 1835, “ 14,854 44 9,797 ii 1835 44 ii 1836, “ 15,758 44 9,793 ii 1836 “ u 1837, “ 14,262 44 7,963 ii 1837 44 a 1838, “ 12,568 44 5,121 ii 1838 “ u 1839 t 44 11,483 44 4,809 ii 1839 44 n 1840, 44 17,913 44 8,642 ii 1840 “ 31st Aug.1841, 44 13,816 44 6,449 1st Sept 1841 “ a 1842, 44 13,247 44 7,214 a 1842 44 it 1843, 44 16,798 44 7,493 a 1843 “ a 1844, 44 13,564 44 5,574 a 1844 “ a 1845, 44 20,019 44 8,453 a 1845 “ a 1846, 44 19,579 44 10,622 a 1846 “ a 1847, 44 13,538 44 7,567 a 1847 44 a 1848, 44 12,909 44 8,816 The combined crops of Upland and Sea Isk Total. Bales. “ 33.379 “ 35,510 “ 36,285 ii u 37,577 34,583 “ 26,016 “ 18,676 “ 46,377 “ 34,876 “ 36,776 “ 27,287 44 27,903 “ 27,907 Jrop35,054 “ 28,144 44 24,651 “ 25,551 “ 22,225 “ 17,689 “ 16,292 “ 26,555 44 20,265 44 20,461 “ 24,291 “ 19,138 44 28,472 44 30,201 “ 21,105 “ 21,725 of the Detailed tables of Exports of Cotton and Rice, pages 101-2. 112 CENSUS OF CHARLESTON. RICE. ) ■>. - This subject, as well as the Cotton crops, demands more extension than the statement of exports for the lew years embraced in the foregoing tables. Fortu¬ nately, through the previous researches of another, the exports of Rice, from a very early period, have been collected and preserved, which will be found in the succeeding pages. From 46 Drayton’s View of South Carolina” we quote, 44 Rice, was first planted in South Carolina about the year 1688 : when by chance a little of it, of a small unprofitable kind, was introduced into the State.” From 44 Ramsay’s History of South Carolina” Ave learn, that the cultivation of Rice was first commenced in South Carolina in 1694. A vessel from Madagas¬ car, in distress, put into Charleston harbor, the Captain of which had some previous acquaintance with Land¬ grave Thomas Smith, to whom he gave a small parcel of Rough Rice, which was in the cook’s 1 bag on board; this, Mr. Smith planted in a moist spot in his garden, (now Longitude Lane, in the City of Charleston) the proceeds he distributed among his friends, and in a few years after Rice became one of the staple productions of the Colony. In 44 Carroll’s Historical Collections of South Caro¬ lina” it is stated, that a Brigantine, from Madagascar, put into the Colony, and gave some seed Rice to Mr. Woodward, which, in a few years, was dispersed through the Colony. It is also further stated 44 that Mr. Du Bois, Treasurer of the East India Company, did send to that country, (Carolina) a small bag of seed Rice some short time after.” These events occurred about the year 1700. RICE. 113 That Rice, soon after this period, was an article of export from Carolina, we learn from a pamphlet re¬ printed in Carroll’s Historical Collections of South Carolina, and originally published in London in 1707 by John Archdale, late Governor of Carolina, in which he says, 44 17 Ships this year,” (probably several years prior to the printing of the pamphlet) 44 came ladened from the Carolinas with Rice , Skins, Pitch, Tar, &c., in the Virginia fleet.” The following early exports of Rice, which we re¬ publish as having an appropriate place in the Statistics of Charleston, were collected by the Hon. R. F. W. Allston in his valuable 44 Memoir of the introduction and cultivation of Rice in South Carolina,” published in 1843, from the following sources: From a statement published by Gov . Glen , in his 44 De¬ scription of South Carolina ,” 1761. EXPORTS OF RICE FROM CAROLINA. From 1720 to 1729 inclusive 264,788 bbls., equal to 44,081 tons, bbls. about 325 lbs. From 1730 to 1739 inclusive 419,525 bbls., equal to 99,905 44 44 44 400 44 For this last period, CarrolPs Historical Collections,gives u a u EXPORTS FROM THE PROVINCE OF SOUTH CAROLINA, FROM 1730 TO 1739. To Portugal in all, 83,379 barrels 44 Gibraltar, - - 958 44 Spain, - 3,570 44 France, only the last two years at most, - 9,500 To Great Britain, Ireland, and the British plantations, by the largest calculation, cannot exceed, - - 30,000 To Holland, Hamburg and Bremen, including about 7,000 bbls. to Sweden and Denmark, - - 372,118 44 -making Total expts. in these years, 499,525 44 99,905 tons. 114 CENSUS OF CHARLESTON. Irom the French of G. M. B. Dumont , furnished by Hon . M . King . EXPORTS OF RICE FROM THE PORT OF CHARLESTON, S. C. Nov. 1724 to Nov. 1725, 17,734casks 44 1725 44 44 1726, 23,031 44 44 1726 44 44 1727, 26,884 44 44 1727 44 44 1728, 29,905 44 44 1728 44 44 1729, 32,384barrels 44 1729 44 44 1730, 41,722 44 44 1730 44 44 1731, Afl'y V *At this time the bis. would ap- ( pear to have been 500 pounds. 44 1731 44 44 1732, Q'T’ HER 44See Carroll’s His. Col., Vol. % ° ‘ > '" 0 page 129. 44 1732 44 44 1733, 50,726 “ 44 1733 44 44 1734, 30,323 “ 44 1734 44 44 1735, 45,317 “ 1,038 bags. Fnm the Commercial Column of the “ Carolina Gazette . EXPORTS FROM CHARLESON, S. C. u 44 44 a a a u a u 44 a 44 44 u 44 44 44 1737 “ 1738 44 1739 1740 1741 4k 44 44 1742 1743 1744 1745 1746 1747 1748 1749 1750 1751 1752 1753 1754 44 44 44 44 44 44 44 4k 44 44 <4 44 44 44 44 44 44 44 Barrels. Bags. > 52,349 1,554 1737, 42,619 519 1738, 34,324 1739, 67,117 1740, 91,110 1741, 80,040 2,137 1742, 46,196 From the Carolina Gazette. 1743, 73,416 1744, 80,778 1745, 59,627 1746, 54,101 1747, 54,146 1748, 55,132 1749, 41,034 1750, 48,011 525 1751, 61,522 223 1752, 78,360 186 1753, 35,522 44 44 44 44 44 44 44 44 k4 44 44 44 44 1754, *88,659 V * “Drayton’s View of So. 1755, ’ 96>78 Ca., S.C. 44 RICE. 115 Barrels. Bags. “ 1758 “ « 1759, 51,718 “ 1759 “ “ 1760, 60,789 - - 44 “ 176010thOct.l761, 101,359 - - 74 “ 1761 to Nov. 1762, 79,642 “ 1762 “ “ 1763, 101,059 - - 44 “ 1763 “ “ 1764, 101,842 “ 1764 l4thSep 1765, 107,292 10th Oct. 1768 24th Aug 1769, 116,715 1st Nov. 177010thOct.l771, 130,500 exported as follows. To Great Britain, - “ Portugal, - “ Spain,. “ Italy, - - “ The Foreign West India Islands, - “ “ British, „ „ “ Ports on this Continent, In the year 1770, from the Colonies, - From the Carolina Gazette. From the Port of Charleston, S. C., From 1st Nov. 1772 to 2d August, 1773, 73,325 14,439 1,760 222 - 975 30,305 9,665 150,529 Barrels. 112,649 From 12th Nov. 1773 to 7th Nov. 1774, 118,482 From Beaufort, same time, 3,630 “ Georgetown “ “ 2,964 Crop of 1773, exported. • Total. 125,076 The foregoing statements of Exports are copied from the Honorable R. F. W, Allston’s pamphlet. From the 1st edition of “ Pitkin’s Statistics of the United States,” we extract the following account of the Exports of Rice from all the Colonies for the vear 1770 Barrels. To Great Britain, 74,073 “ South of Europe, 36,296 “ West Indies, 40,033 and 8,200 bush, of .R.R “ Africa, 117 150,529 and 8,200 bushels. £340,692.15 £615.9. Total, Value, CENSUS OF CHARLESTON. 116 In “ Drayton’s View of South Carolina,” it is stated, there was exported from the State of South Carolina From 13th Jan. 1783 to 14th Nov. 1783, 23,160 barrels, and 2,129 half barrels. From 14th Nov. 1783 to 3d Dec. 1784, 58,923 barrels, and 6,102 half barrels. Also, 44 Exports from Charleston, furnished the author by James Simons, Esq., Collector of the Port of Charleston.” 1st Oct. 1789 to 30th Sept. 1790, Barrels. 87,179 u 1790 66 u 1791, 98,044 a 1791 66 66 1792, 102,235 a 1792 66 66 1793, 94,035 u 1793 66 66 1794, 1795, 69,717 66 1794 66 66 85,670 84,540 66 1795 66 66 1796, 66 1796 66 66 1797, 80,837 66 1797 66 66 1798, 74,277 (( 1798 66 66 1799, 70,426 66 1799 66 66 1800, 75,788 66 1800 66 66 1801, 64,769 It is not stated whether these Exports were Foreign alone, or both Foreign and Coastwise. From 1801 to 1819 there are no means of ascertain¬ ing the Exports of Rice from Charleston, nor the annu¬ al crops; to supply this deficiency, the Exports of Rice from the United States are given, as follows : From 44 Seybertfs Statistical Annals of the United States .” Tierces. August 1789 to 30th Sept. 1790, 100,845 1st October 1790 44 44 1791, 73,329 66 1791 44 44 1792, 141,762 66 1792 44 44 1793, 134,611 66 1793 44 44 1794, 55,026 66 1794 44 44 1795, 138,526 # RICE. 117 Tierce s 1st-October 1795 to 30th Sept. 1796, 131,039* “ 1796 “, 1797, 60.111 1797 “ a a 1798 “ a a 1799 “ a a 1800 “ a a 1801 « a a 1802 QD asp ® g^ « 'r t» o 03 03 03 P,«- OP O 9- -» HO co o f"H t- d CO Cl 00 f*H 00 Cl 05 o »o 1 " Cl rf rH t- 00 >3 05 Cl 05 Cl Cl 00 ^ CO* 00 «5 O co »o o I'- cf o 00 l-H O © Cl rH i—i CO rf f-H fH rH r-H r—1 [—i r— 1 1 f—H _.S "Of* -5 ^Z g g O O a ohS r-H r-H f—i Cl rH ci rH a h 02 0> r-H r - ' r-H rH rf r-H r-H M a A O ?h < 0> to > ■< 09 H H—» ?h o Ph s» 72 z v» V* a H u co • CO • l—t * d • © * tr * co • co • © • <5 6 02 »o OO CO Cl d oo 05 © oo z 02 o Cl 00 C' 1 00 1 r-H 1" rf © L' CO Cl rH r3 CO 1 *> • cf • rH 1 rH * rf * oo ' »-H 1 D ■< O' 05 00 05 i-H © © rH co M *3 O o H 1 • 1 ft ^ 1 1—1 | rH ft »"H 1 l-H | i_o o o o © © © © © 2) « ,9 • 90 , O , o , 90 , © I © i 9© » © i H & CO 90 90 90 rf rf rf CO CO O o m O H 0) o 72 • • ft 1 * • 1 ft CO a o O « O Ed a, O H +-> >i i o Pm 1 V* • V# ft ft ft ft ft 1 a o O X • H *• • ^ ft ^ I ** • - 1 ^ 1 ^ ft v» | 03 co o CO 1-1 o Cl © © t- © CO © CO © © © o 90 O CO CO o d *H © 00 © © © rf O GO © a • i—i »o « » l—l 90 d • rH 00 90 © H d 90 90 © © a rf ocf GO GO 00 cf Cl 00 of of 90 of OO of rH 05 H H 02 CO 05 1" 05 © © © © d •< a> o r-H r-H rH a M a. © GG a? • Xfl 93 • m a 5 s H -4-i J-H o p* "S o -4-i t-* o Ph <-i l *3 o . i—H o Pi X a> 1 X a> * X V* V* H o3 W P3 H o r—4 Cl CO 90 © IH 00 Cl " 1 J' 1 ^ CO p 1 1 1 1 _T 5 • s o S r-l C Cl p *., r— Hi i—• 90 P CO fl 05.2 *-H h-h ci .2 00 Q, d o oo -+-• d .2 oo -S ci .2 00 -P d.2 00 H S5-J d 2 oo P Ol o 00 ‘43 00 a H g" •-H Ph r-H P-| rH O, r-H Ch r-H Ph r-H Ph h a S P C2 P ~ 3 a. 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PI P 4-H O- 0 ) Ul 1 5> c o "Oh ^ % * V) O • Hr 4—> r-r O H 02 o H O ^3 O hO o O >5 © ^ CO 4-H co .43 © •— o o rH H Ph o o . O o H 4-H ^ o o > r> o ^ O 1 O K, O I H-H CQ rH <1 -t-= —3 03 H « O . 0 .O O -+4 e *-i * A —l 4-4 © O | 0 5> O | 0 ^ O | H - - - 44 - -! 4-P -- - co -1 < 03 ^ T <3 © • © »o oo co. © 05 l" co p © .2 oo -u I—I P-l p -*e‘ 3 Oh cc 05 C 02 O _o 5 >» o «0 hJ ^ 05 >> O I -*-> ~p oo ©i o o © o 00 r! g co o oo *43 r-H © H -• C2 4-4 ~ » § © >» C0 .43 oU ^ »- • e2 4-4 o ^ O I 05 I _?■ 00 P CO o 00 *43 l-H © rH © g © P 05 « ® § hO © co .13 H-> tH ,cg -*-• T—■ O I 4-> r—^ cn rn 120 CENSUS OF CHARLESTON RICE CROPS. 121 In the preceding table, under the Charleston head, the actual receipts are stated where these have been ascertained, and where the receipts were not known, the exports have been given with an estimate for City Consumption, based upon the known consumption of the years immediately succeeding, which may be found in the detailed tables of Exports of Rice and Cotton, pages 92 and 100. For the information from which the Exports of Georgetown are estimated, where the actual exports are not known, (and which latter may be found in the tables, pages 95 and 100) we are indebted to E. W aterman, Esq. of Georgetown, whose long familiarity with the commerce of that port is a guarantee for the accuracy of those estimates. * In estimating the crops of Georgia, the actual ex¬ ports from Savannah, for each year, have been obtained after much laborious research from several authentic sources, with the exception of the years 1834-5,1835-6, 1836-7, 1837-8, which could not be ascertained. For these four years an estimate has been made, based upon the known exports of the preceding and succeeding years, an allowance having been made for those vears in which the Crop was known to be a short one. The estimates for the City Consumption of Savannah, were derived from statements furnished by one of her mer¬ chants, long and extensively engaged in the Rice trade of that port. It will be perceived that no allowance has been made for Exports from any other port in Georgia, except Savannah. This has been done upon the following information obtained from a highly re¬ spectable Commercial house in Darien, in answer to a letter of enquiry upon this subject, in which they say, “ For several years past no Rice has been exported from this place, or neighborhood, to any other ports than Sa¬ vannah and Charleston, and we understand that none 122 CENSUS OF CHARLESTON. is sent from St. Mary’s or Satilla River, except to your port and Savannah. Five or ten years ago 2 or 300 tierces went annually to Cuba, and occasionally a small parcel to New York, but no one has any account of the same.” In the estimate of the crops of North Carolina, more uncertainty exists than in that of the other two States, as we have been unable to obtain any of her actual ex¬ ports. As early as May 1831, twelve hundred bushels of Rough Rice were imported into Charleston from North Carolina. At that period, it is believed that, no mills for pounding Rice were erected in the United States except in Georgia and South Carolina, conse¬ quently the exports of Rice from North Carolina, at that time, must have gone to one or other of those States, and been included in their crops. After the erection of the New York Rice Mills had created a de¬ mand for the Coastwise exports of Rough Rice from Southern ports, it is probable that North Carolina also participated in that trade; we have therefore selected the period at which the Exports of Rough Rice were commenced from Georgetown, as the most proper one at which to begin an estimate of the exports from North Carolina. From that date the estimate of the crops of North Carolina have been made from the most authen¬ tic sources within our reach. We again repeat, however, that this table is only an approximation ,where actual Receipts,or Exports are not specified, and therefore the above full explanations have been deemed advisable. The table has been prepared with much labor, research and reflection, and is offered with diffidence. But as the subject of the annual Rice Crops of the States exporting this article is an im¬ portant one, and has never heretofore been collected, so far as we have been able to ascertain, this effort has been made towards accomplishing that object. IMPORTS OF GRAIN AND HAY. 123 IMPORTS OF GRAIN AND HAY. Importations into Charleston, S. C., of Corn, Oats, Peas and Hay for 15 years, from 1st January to 31st December in each year.* Compiled from manuscripts politely furnished by Messrs. O. Mills &; Co., who have kept regular accounts of the receipts of these articles during a series of years, CORN. OATS. PEAS. HAY. Bushels. Bushels. Bushels. Bales. 1834, 447,667 1835, 376,299 1836, 390,721 1837, 393,400 1838, 456,718 1839, 342,098 1840, 322,080 1841, 375,881 1842, 350,500 11843, 169,777 1844, 287,075 1845, 368,975 $1846, §544,900 Coastwise, > 151,365 By Rail Road, 334,761 Total 18471| 486,126 78,582 22,958 20,621 50,607 19,785 16,678 79,818 8,189 23,610 166,161 13,450 26,600 152,625 22,879 23,459 125,244 14,222 24,178 93,452 18,209 24,638 71,914 23,586 20,170 80,070 20,958 20,164 57,600 23,440 25,272 81,900 24,275 24,311 111,485 29,443 29,381 47,200 29,817 16,116 38,400 5,150 22,307 Coastwise, ) 184,390 24,455 12,360 26,527 By Rail Road, $ 201,177 Total 184811 385,567 * In the Statistics of the Rail Road will be found the receipts of Flour, Wheat and Turpen¬ tine received through that channel, which have not been embodied in this table, as the receipts of those articles, through other channels, could not be obtained. t The Grain crops of this State were unusually abundant this year, and a large proportion of the receipts of Com in Charleston, were the product of South Carolina. } Up to this period no Com, of any consequence, was received from the interior by Rail Road . § The Grain crops of this State failed so entirely this year as to produce much distress in the Upper Districts; so much so, that a Committee was appointed at a public meeting, held in Charleston, to receive donations for the relief of the distressed poorer classes in the interior. A very large proportion of the receipts of Cora went to the Upper Districts of the State, to supply the deficiency consequent upon this failure of the Crop, and much of it for gratuitous distribu¬ tion. || Of the receipts this year, 135,225 bushels of Com were taken for Export to Europe, in conse¬ quence of the famine in Ireland, and the general failure of the European Grain Crops. TT The Foreign Exports of Corn from Charleston, this year, was 34,453 bushels. Cargo Prices of Corn at Charleston , S■ C.—Compiled from the Weekly Courier Letter Sheet Prices Current . CENSUS OF CHARLESTON. GO CD tn a O) O i^©iOif5©CDinif50CDCOCD ci ID ci ci ci © © © d © ci d © O ci O ei ci ci Tt< ci O 05 CO ID iD ID iD © ID © © © © i> h* © © © © rH © i> 0- 00 rH ci rH rH IZ> ei ci ci ci ci ci ei ci ci ci ct Q CO © © ©5 iD © ID ID ID ID iD © CO © l' 00 © © © © © © © | . 05 © iD l> iD © iD iD © © © © CO i M 00 t- 1> 1- r- © © O* i> 00 ci 00 0) ci ci ci ci ci ei ci ci ci ci ei o 00 © CO 00 © ©5 ID © GO iD © rH CO © © © © iD iD iD ID © © © iD !i> © © © 00 © © © iD • iD ID iD ID ID rt< © © © iD 00 CD c ci ci ci ci ci ei ci ci ci ci ci ci rH 05 u CO CO CO CO CO CO »D CO 00 GO l- © Tj< T* HjH ID T}< iD 05 © © © © ©5 rH GO © © rH Tf w iD iD ID iD © © © iD iD © © 4-> 0D © d ci ci ci ci ci ci ci ci ci ei ci rH o © © © ID ©5 rH © ID CO CO ID Hf Tf TT Tt< ID iD rt< iD © 05 ©5 rH iD iD © © 0D © 00 CO cc »D iD © © © © © ID ID iD GO i—1 G a> o ci CD ci CO d d CO © ci ©5 ci © ci CO ci Tfl ci iD ci D5 ci © ci © T* © © iD ID iD rj< iD 05 iD 00 D5 00 © iD 00 iD © © 05 CO © © © © © iD 4-3 CD rH s <© Q ci iD ci rH ci iD ci © ci © ci © ci © ci GO ci © ci rH ci © ci © iD © iD © © iD © ID © © iD ID 05 © CO iD © © ID © © © 00 rH CC iO © ID © 1- GO t- © 00 i- 4-3 0D c ci ci ci ci ci ci ci ci ci ci ci ci rH 00 rH rH rH rH rH rH rH rH cc ci C3 ci ci ci ci ci ci ci ci ei ci 4J TfH CO 00 © iD © GO iD iD © © 00 o 05 00 00 00 00 00 iD t- © iD IMPORTS 125 IMPORTS. Imports into Charleston, S. C., of Wines, Liquors, Sugar, Molasses, Coffee, and Salt, from Foreign ports for 21 years, and Coastwise for 10 years—from 1st January to 31st December in each year. Compiled from the records at the Custom House. Co O GO o p O' Qr. Cask. N# v# - 3 v» O Tt* 06 i—i r—i rf 06 CO (M i—i “ C 6 _ O CM_ O 06 _ co^-a'OO IT- t- cd' 50 -'d'' 4 '''dcd'ld'co-'d'TjH' 3 Q‘om^'t(<>oor-iooo 6 J- cd .?r V» V# 3 'HTfCOrHCOCOt'fflt'O Xi 1 - ’—irHrtCO^t-iQlOCO - 4 -* o 03 Pi O 6 CO-a't-H 5 O-^COC 0 O 6 C 0 V* ^2 a Plrt'COS'lCO^C'IOtOOO 0 ) -4 CO H CO r—H »—( t-H r-H r-H ■—* 73 8 iCMOOCOOOCOOOO £ — V* V# s# V* .. i^60 t* CYJ 05 ^ CO CO o r—( r-H a rH r O CMOOOOOCOOOO^^iO + 4 - Z rP V* S • 9 t' 064 'r-H H Tf ^ Cl H ffl CO I-H # OCOCOCOrtOt'COHH CO cor- 06 iOHC 5 cooooo v. 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OMODCOCl^OCliO •* 10 00 ^ 0050500^06 0010 t-H l—H r-H Bas¬ ket. s - 3 - r)' 5 Q D iO CM Tf 50 O Cl O „ lO rH CO CO CO H rH CO 00 - - 50 06 CM^ CD 06 0 05 lO (M 1> 05 CD r-H < CO JO >—1 00 (M rf iO co oo -4 1 of <—1 ^ (M co Tf 4'4 0 O lO CO IT- CM <-h C 6 _ CO 00 50 oToT--^cm'(m'coc ; J'ioco»o GO 06 O ■—1 a « iO CO t' CO CMCMcocucooocococoeoco OOOOOOOOOOOOGOOOCOOOOO OJOHCMMTjUOCOt'OO oooooooooooooooooooo ■d 96 a. o Ch 8 Pi w •d* cu S a ’£> ^ o >> PhO> in - 4 -a m o *3 a ~ > 03 o X-t c 3 O' 9 ?. 3 96 •-r CD rH 01 =9 2 « ^ B O ■d O O !» a 3 ® a > tn 5 96 ^ S a: oaa O o O P» S "oq C -rH J- c ^ o *— m a ® o' — 5PS -a • ~a cc u o a j;,® a Cl, a* a ha a, a: a allfl 96 - O °£ t 3 ctf - ® a 5 s- a o o«J=ai <^|g GO ' cd Sh H 03 S-a-a s a 96 „ 5b ^ !•?! a Isa® . 05 to 96 ^ « a v > fcp -2 *» ®«,§rO § Irssg g as 06.2 £ wfgsg * a H-H-'tf’vS s £ O h . O g u 3 03 ^ o cd : O j C3 • s 03 C/2 cd 17 126 CENSUS OF CHARLESTON SUGARS. Cc V. ^0 -s> 5 * 8 • OS o tfCOCOr~CO ai>Or-it'a3aicoc ( icDoq cm jo r- ! 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SLAVE TRADE. The following Statistics of the Slave Trade at Charleston from 1804 to 1807, are taken from the speech of the Hon. Judge Smith, Senator from South Carolina, delivered in the Senate of the United States on 8th December, 1820. “ In the year 1804, the ports of South Carolina, by an act of its Legislature, under the permission of the Constitution of the United States, were opened for the importations of Africans. They remained open four years. During that time there were two hundred and two vessels entered the port of Charleston, with African slaves.” ************* ***** « He wrote to a friend in Charleston, to apply to the Custom House Officers for a full statement of all the ships engaged in that trade during the four years. ********* j n answer tQ His request, he had received from the Custom House books, from the hand of the Collector, the following authentic documents.” 1804. Where owned. Country of the Proprietor of the Cargo. Charleston, - - New England. British, - - Scotland. 44 Rhode Island. Charleston, - . Great Britain. Rhode Island, - Ireland. British, - - Great Britain* Charleston, - “ French, - - “ Rhode Island, - “ Charleston, - “ « a British, - - “ Rhode Island, “ British, - “ Charleston, - . New England, British, - . Great Britain, “ a Charleston, - . “ Norfolk, - - « Veisels. Aurora, Ann, Easter, Brilliant, Armed Neutrality, Argo, Thomas, - Horizon, Harriot, Eliza, Alexander, Francis, Christopher, Favorite, M’Lespine, Susanna, Active, Hamilton, Ruby, Mary, SLAVE TRADE. 1 Vessel. Perseverance, Kitty, Lupin, Mary Huntley, Gov. Wentworth, Experiment, Eagle, Neptune, Fanny, - Thomas, Nile, Recourse, Isabella, - Armed Neutraity, Susanna, Love & Unity, Jack Park, Manning, Juliet, Margaret, Louisiana, Ariel, Estor, - Margaret, - Hiram, - Louisiana, - Maria, Hambleton, - Rambler, * William, Ariel, Mary, - Daphna, Carie, America, Davis, - Lydia, Dudton, Amazon, - Fair American, Miller, Edward & Edmund, Factor, Louisa, Commerce, - Gustavus, - 1805. Where owned. British, Charleston, British, a a a Rhode Island, u British, - Charleston, - u British, - a Charleston, a British, u it • Rhode Island, - British, Rhode Island, - British, a k Rhode Island, - British, a Rhode Island, - British, 1806. British* a ' . Charleston, British, (• Charleston* a British, Charleston, u a Rhode Island, - a it Swede, Country of the Proprietor of the Cargo. Great Britain. Charleston. Rhode Island. Great Britain. <« a Rhode Island. a Great Britain. <« a a n a u Rhode Island. Great Britain. a Rhode Island. Great Britain. Rhode Island. Great Britain. a a Rhode Island. « Great Britain. a Rhode Island. Great Britain. Great Britain. a ii ii ii ii New Jersey. Great Britain. a Rhode Island. Ireland. Great Britain. Rhode Island, a a Charleston. 138 CENSUS OF CHARLESTON. Vessel. Neptune, Robert, Polly, - - Hiram, Samuel, Love & Unity, - Three Sisters, Hector, Ruby, - Farmer, Maria, Ceres, Independence, Hibernia, Alert, Agent, - Mary, Three Friends, Fair Eliza, - Fox, Kitty, Hope, Hope, Nantasket, John Watson, Gov. Dodsworth, - Mary Ann, Diana, Davenport, Corydon, Kate, Mercury, Union, Washington, Louisa, - Nicholson, - Edward & Edmund, Mercury, Little Ann. Margaret, - Katy, James, - Eliza, Cleopatra, Union, Tartar, - Maria, James, * Whore owned. Rhode Island, British, Rhode Island, it British, - u Rhode Island, British, Cnarleston, a ■ Rhode Island, British, Baltimore, British, a Rhode Island, Charleston, British, Rhode Island, ■ Charleston, Rhode Island, Charleston, it British, a ii it it ii it Charleston, - - British, Rhode Island, n British, - Charleston, - British, • Rhode Island, British, - 1807. Charleston, British, Charleston, n Rhode Island, British, a Baltimore, - Country of the Proprietor of the Cargo. - Rhode Island, Great Britain. Rhode Island. a - New Jersey. Rhode Island. a Great Britain. (t a Rhode Island. Great Britain. Rhode Island. Great Britain. a - Rhode Island. Great Britain. a a Rhode Island. Charleston. Rhode Island. Ireland. Great Britain. n a u a New Jersey. Great Britain. tt * a a u Rhode Island. Great Britain. a a Charleston. Great Britain. Great Britain. tt Rhode Island. Great Britain. Rhode Islaad. Great Britain. u Massachusetts. SLAVE TRADE. 139 Vessel. Mary, Aspinal, - James, Norfolk, • Fourth of July, Dudder, Habit, Agent, Eliza, Ann, - Ellis, Andromache, Gov. Clairborne, Hiram, Semiramis, Neptune, Nancy, - Minerva, Columbia, Factor, Lavinia, Leander, - Daphney, Vulture, Africa, - Three Friends, Eliza, Lark, - Alfred, Louisa, - Hiram, Concord, Friendship, - Flora, Ann & Harriot, Monticello, Amazon, - Baltimore, - Juliet, Miriam, Heron, - Ruby, Three Sisters, - Betsy & Sally, Armed Neutrality, Anna, John, Nantasket, - Gov. Clinton, - Eagle, Where owned. British, - « m Rhode Island, - Charleston, British, - “ French, - Rhode Island, Charleston, British, u Rhode Island, a _ ♦ u a u Charleston, - Rhode Island, - a Charleston, - u Rhode Island, - British, Rhode Island, u _ u Charleston, Rhode Island, a „ tt u a - _ “ . ' British, - Rhode Island, a British, Connecticut, t Charleston, Rhode Island, U Charleston, u British, - Charleston, a Rhode Island, Country of the Proprietor of the Cargo. Rhode Island. Great Britain. Charleston. Ireland. Charleston. Great Britain. France. Rhode Island. Great Britain. u a Rhode Island. France. Rhode Island. it u ii France. Rhode Island. << u it Great Britain. Rhode Island. Great Britain. u Rhode Island. « u Great Britain. Rhode Island. u it it %i u Great Britain. Rhode Island. a France. Ireland. Great Britain. Rhode Island. * a Great Britain. France. Great Britain. (< France. Rhode Island, 140 CENSUS OF CHARLESTON. Vessel. Where owned. Country of the Proprietor of the Cargo. Port Mary, Charleston, - Great Britain. Eliza, - Charleston. Mary, Rhode Island, - Rhode Island. Eagle, a - a Actor, - Charleston, - Ireland. Hanna Bartlet, - - Charleston, ■- Rhode Island. Mary, - 44 - a Edward & Edmund, a - a Charleston, a - Great Britain. Experience, Boston, - Rhode Island. Rambler, Rhode Island, - . 44 Eliza, - British, - it Cleopatra, - Charleston, - Great Britain. Hope, - Rhode Island, - Rhode Island. Charlotte, - u m 9 44 Albert, - Charleston, m m South Carolina. Commerce, - Rhode Island, - Rhode Island. Hope, Charleston, - - Massachusetts. Wealthy Ann, - Rhode Island. Columbia, Rhode Island, m • 44 Angenora, - ‘4 - 4. Mercury, British, - Charleston, m Ireland. Venus, - Rhode Island. Agent, - <4 m France. Gen. Clairborne, - a - 44 James, Rhode Island, a 1 Rhode Island. Resolution, Charleston, - Great Britain. William & Mary, a - 44 Caroline, French, a France. Polly, Jupiter, - Charleston, - Charleston. Norfolk, a Great Britain. Heart of Oak, Baltimore, - m Rhode Island. Horizon, British, - - 44 Mary Ann, Charleston, - - 44 Mary Ann, - Rio, Sally, Baltimore, Charleston, - Charleston. 44 _ m 44 The particulars above are given according to the printed copy, in which there appear to have been some few typographical errors.— [Note by Compiler . siAn wade* 141 RECAPITULATION* Of the African Trade, and by what nations supported, from 1st January, 1804, to 31st December, 1807. Vessels belonging to Charleston, - 61 Rhode Island, - 59 Baltimore, - 4 Boston, - 1 Norfolk, * 2 Connecticut, • 1 Sweden, - - l Britain, - - 70 France, 3 Consignees * Natives of Charleston, 13 “ Rhode Island,88 ** » wm dotthtful to wfcicfe mm tt £afc» 19 750 300 287 250 200 200 100 18,048 > 14-2 CENSUS OF CHARLESTON. “Here, Sir, ends the black catalogue. It would “shew to the Senate, that those people who most de¬ precate the evils of slavery and traffic in human flesh, “when a profitable market can be found, can sell hu- “man flesh with as easy a conscience as they sell other “articles. The whole number imported by the Mer¬ chants and Planters of Charleston and its vicinity, “were only two thousand and six. Nor were the slaves •/ “imported by the Foreigners, and other American ves¬ sels and owners, sold to the Carolinians, only in part. “They were sold to the people of the Western States, “Georgia, New Orleans, and a considerable quantity “were sent to the West Indies; especially wdien the “market became dull in Carolina.” NOTE BY THE COMPILER. It would appear from the foregoing, that of these importations of Slaves into Charleston, there were im¬ ported By natives of Countries ^ Foreigners, 21,027 and places now repudi- > Citizens of ating slavery. y U. States, 14,605—35,632 By citizens of the Slave-holding States, 3,443 Total, 39,075 Judge Smith’s speech also contains much matter upon the constitutional admission of the institution of Slavery by the Federal Constitution, and also by the Constitu¬ tions of many of the now non-slave-holding States, which is worthy of revival. TRADE OF CHARLESTON. 143 TRADE OF CHARLESTON. In closing the foregoing tables, the enquiry naturally presents itself, what has been, and what is now the po¬ sition occupied by the trade of Charleston? In examining the tables showing the value of Foreign importations, we cannot flatter ourselves that this par¬ ticular branch ol our Commerce is an improving one, although it is believed there is no just ground for dis¬ couragement. It is not designed here to enter upon the discussion of the merits of a direct trade over Coastwise impor¬ tations, but simply to show that the Import trade of Charleston is an increasing one. With this point in view, the consideration is, what principal articles of Commerce, not produced by ourselves, are wanted? and, are those articles mainly the domestic production of the United States, or, of Foreign produce? In the articles of cured provisions and meats, there is no room for improvement in a Foreign trade, for the United States are large producers beyond the wants of the home market. In Flour and Breadstufls, the United States are large exporters, and our supply is naturally derived from the abundance at home. In Groceries, the leading articles given in the foregoing tables exhibit; that in the imports of Wines and Liquors the Foreign trade of Charleston has decreased, with an increase in the Coastwise trade. In Sugars and Mo¬ lasses, both the Foreign and Coastwise trade has in¬ creased. In Salt, the Foreign trade has increased, whilst the Coastwise trade in the article never has been an item of any consequence. In Coffee, it will be seen that in both the Foreign and Coastwise imports, the trade has been a fluctuating one, with an increase in the Foreign trade in the last few years, and also an increase 144 CENSUS OF CHARLESTON. in the aggregate imports in the same time. If the arti¬ cle of Fuel is considered, much of the supply needed in Charleston, which was formerly of Foreign import, is now drawn from the Coal mines of Pennsylvania, If manufactures of Cotton are taken, there is no room for improvement in a Foreign trade, for the Cotton manu¬ factures of the United States have competed success¬ fully with Foreign manufactures all over the world, and that the bulk of the imports into Charleston of this de¬ scription of goods should be of American manufacture is not surprising; besides that the Factories of Georgia and South Carolina have not only supplied this market with Cotton Osnaburgs and goods of that description to the extent of its wants, but have also furnished large quantities for Coastwise, and some for Foreign export through this port; in this description of goods this mar¬ ket is monopolized by the Southern Factories. In Hardware and Cutlery—the manufactures of Axes and Cutlery of that description, in the United States, have improved to such an extent, as entirely to have superce¬ ded Foreign importations, and our supply is drawn from this source ; in other articles under this head, we are informed by those engaged in this department of business, that the Foreign importations into Charleston have undergone considerable improvement. In manu¬ factures of wood, a Foreign trade could scarcely have been expected to sustain a competition with the domes¬ tic manufactures of a forrest country, abounding with almost every variety of lumber wanted for the manu¬ facture of the various utensils and purposes to which wood is applied. In manufactures of Hemp, which were formerly of extensive importations into Charleston from abroad, the Cotton bagging of Kentucky and Western manufactures has almost superceded Foreign importations, except for the finer goods used in packing TRADE OF CHARLETON. 145 the Sea Island Cotton; the Rope walks of the United States have also become the source of supply for the largest portion of our wants. In articles of woollen manufacture, we have not the materials by which a com¬ parison of our Foreign trade can be made, but it is a well established fact, that the mixed wool and cotton goods of both Northern and Southern manufacture, have to a considerable extent taken the place of the coarse woollen goods, which were formerly largely im¬ ported from foreign countries as articles of clothing for the field laborers of our own and adjoining States, which were supplied through this market. The Northern woollen factories are also now supplying this market, to some extent, with coarser goods, manufactured from the wool imported from South America, and with some finer goods from the wool of the North Western States. In silk and other foreign articles of necessity or luxury, we are again deficient in the materials for comparison, but tho increased selection of these commodities now afforded by our merchants, will have attracted the atten¬ tion of the most common observer. It is much to be regretted that the value of the coast¬ wise imports into Charleston cannot be ascertained; but that there has been much improvement in this re¬ spect, will appear from the consideration of many evi¬ dences around us, some of which will be enumerated. Within three years, four Steam Ships have been placed in the coasting trade, and are well supported; besides that, three or more are now building, and will, ere long, be added to them: the employment of seventy vessels, with an aggregate of over 20,000 tons, as regular trad¬ ers in the coastwise trade with the seaports of the other States, and during the business season, the ed- mands of this trade constantly call for the additional employment of transient vessels also: the increased 146 CENSUS OF CHARLESTON. total arrivals at this port of shipping exhibited in the foregoing tables of monthly arrivals: the increased bu¬ siness of the wholesale dry goods and provision mer¬ chants, which has been a subject of common remark: the published statistics of the Rail Road (the outlet for a considerable portion of the imports into the city,) show, that with reduced rates of freight, their carrying trade upwards is a growing one, which is dependent mainly upon the increased importations of the city. In examining the coastwise manifests at the Custom House, for 10 years, to obtain the particulars given under that head in the tables ot imports of Wine, Liquors, Sugars, &c. dec., these manifests were found to have increased very considerably in the quantity and variety of the merchandise brought to this port: the increase in this particular was strikingly marked. But let the imports into Charleston come from what source they may, they must be regulated by the means we have of returning their Value, and for this purpose the main dependence is upon the Receipts of Cotton and Rice. If those receipts diminish, it will affect our imports; if those receipts increase, the universal course of trade will increase our imports to supply whatever section of country we are indebted to for those receipts. It remains, therefore, to consider this branch of our trade. The receipts of Upland Cotton into Charleston will be found to vary considerably in each year, and not in proportion to the Upland crops of the United States. This variation is at once accounted for in the fact, that the receipts at Charleston are dependent upon the Up¬ land crops of the four Atlantic States of North, and South Carolina, Georgia, and Florida. It is not infrequently the case that the Western and Gulf States make large crops, whilst the season has TRADE OF CHARLESTON. 147 been unfavorable in the Atlantic States; and even with an unfavorable season in both sections, the more exten¬ sive and undivided cultivation of Upland Cotton in the former, produces, under such circumstances, a smaller variation in proportion, in the Western and Gulf crops ? than in the Atlantic States, where the Corn, Lumber and Turpentine interests of North Carolina, and the Rice and Sea Island Cotton of Georgia, and South Carolina, divide the agricultural interests of the Atlantic section. To illustrate this fact, and to show what proportion of the Upland crop ot the four Atlantic States, and of the Sea Island and Rice crops, are received at Charles¬ ton, the following tables are given. Trade of Charleston . 148 CENSUS OF CHARLESTON. 7 | « 3 o, 00 CO nT r-H r- nr © © nr © © © - a 3 d 03 o nT t- CO co CM nT © © nr © © rH §.8 ■» £ cm 05 os m t- co CO 00 00 © © © in nr Is 8 oo t" m in tn m in m m m tn tn m m o CO m iO rH 00 CM nT CO rH © ^ © CO o CO rH CO o o in © CO © CO © © tn n o CM o 05 CO O t-h © © tn o © nr cm © nT 00 05 o CO i" r- m © in r-H © ©" go - CM co r-H 05 o o © H CO © rH rH hT CM *3 T— 1 rH r " 1 rH rH rH rH — 1 rH rn rH rH O H CO f-H CO CO n-1 CM © co in 00 CM ^.4 o o m nT 00 n»< © © tn • ^ o & 05 m nr in 1-1 rH 'xf* rH m © in o in rH z o a»2 £ rH Tf IQ CM (M 05 05 MMh m © © (M o3 9« u CO CO tn m m CO CO © i- © m © © © H S J 8 b cn o Tf 00 CM CO CO C0 H © © © © tn © Q Pi ^ CO CO co CO in o © CO © © © © o © £ 3 2 3 n tn © tn © © © < H © . 03 o <—• oo nr o tn -h cm nT nr n1< In 50 O r O nT go l" CM O CM CO tn © nT © nH rH n i o. “ ci rt CO CM nr o CO nr © in nr nT © © 2 = ^75 rH r-H CO CM Ob CM © © © © © © in ^ in co o in nT nr in m © © in tn © •d t'* -r in oo O o © CO Tf rH rH CO © © r~ t- o o nr< 00 © r-» © in © CO nT © w •— m rr 2 O co rH m oo m 0U CO *H o CM © © in © go * 05 o o CO rH nT © nT r-H © r © tn in O 42 n 'll j o JU CM CO o 00 nT lO rH © m r— © in in CM C « CO nT in CO r- © © CO © r © o tn © H—i -r — ■■ i ^ — CM H H CM CM CM 03 n CM VO i © CO 1 1 00 1 Cb 1 Tf 1 © CM CO nr m © in © nr m CO tn 00 C5 1 1 1 00 1 1 1 vO CO 1 CO CO CO co 0-5 CO nT nT nT nr nr nr nT GO 00 00 oo 00 00 00 00 00 © © © © © —H *> rH rH rH r—i rH rH rH r “* rH pH r—* n'' ri o rO h-T « V* V* CO H-> ** 3 S* v« »# V* G, be O 5Z2 3 c o H 3 M si s# *«• v# V# o V* V# Ut W v# o t-. rfi s .20 v# v» v* si V# a ** o •s* V* s» V* H M V* V# © H-J a, © 02 o OQ * The extremely low point to which Cotton fell during this year, consequent upon the troubled state of European affairs, kept much of the crop of South Carolina from being brought into the market, and hence the diminution of receipts during this year. POST OFFICE. 149 POST OFFICE. Statement of the Net amount of postages received at the Post Office at Charleston, S. C., during certain periods between the years 1794 and 1848. 1794 the nett Revenue to the Department was . . $1,988 67 1795 do do . 2,587 57 1800 do do . 7,078 41 1805 do do . 10,553 48 1810 do do . 12,012 03 1802 do \ do . 28,945 89 1833 do do . 30,097 85 1834 do do . 32,244 18 1837 do do . 47,978 25 1838 do do . 50,414 33 1830 do do . 47,989 92 1840 do do . 47,816 66 1841 do do . 45,838 05 1842 do do . 46,623 03 1843 do do . 45,281 37 1844 do do . 46,949 54 1845 do 1st Jan. to 1st July . 24,132 72 u do 1st July to 31st December . 9,786 52 1840 do do . 22,777 53 1847 do do . 27,249 88 1848 do do . 29,711 87 From the foregoing statement it will appear, that be¬ tween the years 1800 and 1810 the increase of postage was about 70 per cent. From 1810 to 1838 [a period of 28 years] 320 per cent., or over 110 per cent, in every 10 years. The maximum amount received for one year was in 1838, which amounted to $50,414 33-100. The increase this year was, no doubt, owing to the heavy transactions in our staples. Since that year the receipts have decreased—the heighest receipt being in 1839,$ 47,989 92-100, and the lowest, up to 30th June, 1845, [$45,281 37-100*] This falling off may be attributed to the subsequent state of com¬ mercial affairs, upon ivhich depends the amount of reve¬ nue accruing to the Post Office Department. It may lie interesting to know what portion of the revenue is 20 150 CENSUS OF CHARLESTON. paid by the Commercial part of the community. Du¬ ring the last quarter, ending 31st March, 1849, the net amount due to the General Post Office was $8,160; of which the sum of $4,380 was paid by 121 Merchants and Factors , who keep a montJdy account of postages . In July 1845 the cheap rates of postages were adopt¬ ed, the old rates having been 25, 18 3-4, 12 1-2, 10 and 6 cents, an aggregate of 72 cents; whilst the new are 10 and 5 cents, an aggregate of 15 cents. Since that period up to the 31st December, 1848, the increase has been 52 per cent., and no doubt can be entertained that in the course of a very few years, the postages on the new will exceed those on the old rates . The above statement has been prepared and furnish¬ ed by the politeness of T. W. Bacot, Esq., Assistant Postmaster at Charleston. I BANKS. 151 STATEMENT AND CONDITION OF THE BANKS. There will be found under this head the asrareffate reports of six of the Banks in the city, together with two of the Banks in the interior, which are Branches ol the “ Bank of the State of South Carolina,” the financial agent of the State Government; which branch¬ es, together, employ from $1,000,000 to $1,300,000 of the capital of the parent institution, located in Charles¬ ton : and, also, separately the statements of the Bank of Charleston. The tables are copied from the Comptroller Gene¬ ral’s published monthly reports of statements rendered by the six City Banks which have accepted certain conditions of an Act of the Legislature, passed in 1840, and from the annual published reports of the Bank of Charleston. The length of time necessarily devoted to the other subjects comprised in the Commercial Tables, has pre¬ cluded the possibility of presenting this subject in as complete a form as was desirable. Had time permitted, the reports of the two interior Banks, the State Funds, and funds for the rebuilding of the City, would have been deducted; the items reduced to fewer heads, and the condition of the seven Banks located in the City, presented in aggregate views, so as to have exhibited the Commercial, Agricultural, and general business Banking facilities of the City alone. 152 CENSUS OF CHARLESTON. Aggregate Statement of six Banks in the City , with the two Branches of the Bank of the State of South Car - olina , at Columbia and Camden , from the published statements of the Comptroller General . FEBRUARY, 1844. LIABILITIES. Capital stock, - - $5,988,882 73 Bills in circulation, - 2,325,428 17 Net profits on hand, 307,409 82 Balances due to Banks in this State, - - - 1,588,110 87 Balances due to Banks in other States, - - All other moneys due %/ which bear interest, - State Treasury, for Bal¬ ance, Current fund, State Treasury, for Bal¬ ance, Sinking fund, State Treasury, for loan for rebuilding the city, 1,843,588 70 Cash deposited and all other moneys due, 2,250,521 87 66,904 53 368,758 50 8,246 40 702,236 97 Total liabilities, $15,450,086 56 RESOURCES. Specie on hand, - - Real Estate, - - - Bills of Banks in this State, - - - - . Bills of Banks in other States,. Balance due from Banks in this State, - - - Balance due from Banks in other States, - - Discounts on personal security, - - - - Loans on security of their own stock, - . Loans on security of other stock, - - - Domestic Exchange, - Foreign do. - - Bonds,. Investments in Stocks, Debts suspended and in suit, - - - - - State Treasury, - - - Branches and agencies, Bonds under law for re¬ building Charleston, Interest and expenses of State loan, - - - All other investments, $934,747 50 290,525 16 509,797 54 663 00 9,658 04 286,408 78 5,524,408 30 340,629 12 276,777 68 - 885,022 67 120.331 57 1,162,019 48 1,424,939 89 - 816,860 10 89,563 21 1,503,794 95 1,005,718 92 - 103,888 42 164.332 23 Total resources, $15,450,086 56 Bank of Charleston , same time Capital stock paid in, Circulation, ... Surplus profits, - - Balances due to other Banks, - - - - Deposits and unclaimed dividends, - - - Total liabilities, $5,091,130 35 Grand Total, - $20,541,216 91 Specie on hand, - - $646,082 87 Real and Personal Es¬ tate, ------ 141,665 13 Stocks and other in¬ vestments, - - - - 50,733 97 Balances due by other Banks, ----- 973,773 49 Domestic Exchange, - 630,494 45 Foreign do. - - 84,700 30 Discounts, bonds, mort¬ gages and other seeu- curities, - - - - 2,563,680 14 Total resources, $5,091,130 35 $20,541,216 91 $3,160,800 00 936,575 00 255,118 52 206,092 97 532,543 86 Grand Total, BANKS. 153 Comptroller's Statement of the Banks during Jan., 1845. LIABILITIES. Capital stock, - - $5,991,082 73 Circulation, - - - - 2,209,334 17 Net profits on hand, 236,306 60 Balances due to Banks in this State, - - Balances due to Banks in other States, - - All monies due which bear interest, - - State Treasury, for bal¬ ance, Current Fund, State Treasury, for bal¬ ance, Sinking Fund, State Treasury, for loan for rebuilding city, Cash deposites and all other monies due, 1,637,185 85 89,813 26 34,638 37 12,566 70 618,383 96 1,843,586 70 2,027,602 85 Total liabilities, $14,700,501 19 RESOURCES. Specie on hand, - - $1,067,814 16 Real Estate, - - - 286,851 23 Bills of Banks in this State, ----- 541,251 46 Bills of Banks in other States, ----- 1,482 54 Balances due by Banks in this State, - - - 26,743 15 Balances due by Banks in other States, - - 113,347 72 Discounts on personal security, - - - - 5,912,369 46 Loans on pledge of own stock, ----- 282,417 12 Loans on pledge of oth¬ er stock, - - - - 245,819 33 Domestic Exchange, 391,419 95 Foreign do. - 116,903 34 Bonds, - - - - 1,030,218 17 Investments in stock, - 1,158,872 37 Debts suspended and in suit, ----- 701,480 97 State Treasury, - - 101,602 52 Branches and agencies, 1,498,709 02 Bonds under law for re¬ building Charleston, 974,840 22 Interest and expenses of State loan, - - - 71,952 50 All other investments, 176,405 96 Total resources, $14,700,501 19 Bank of Charleston , same time . LIABILITIES. Capital stock, paid in, $3,160,800 00 Circulation, - - - 1,464,254 00 Surplus profits, - - 278,779 91 Balances due to other Banks, - - - - 1,161,390 68 Deposits and unclaimed dividends, - - - 168,172 84 Total liabilities, $6,233,397 43 Grand total, - $20,933,898 62 RESOURCES. Specie on hand - - $614,072 09 Real and personal Estate, 155,995 76 Stocks and other invest¬ ments, . 158,040 18 • Balances due by other Banks,. 1,172,166 84 Domestic Exchange, - 1,127,942 18 Foreign do. - 404,432 36 Discounts, Bonds and Mortgages and other securities, - - - - 2,600,748 02 Total resources, $6,233,397 43 Grand total, - $20,933,898 62 154 CENSUS OF CHARLESTON. Comptroller s Statement of the Banks during Jan . 1846.f LIABILITIES Capital Stock, - - $5,992,607 73 Circulation, - - - 2,289,946 50 Net profits on hand, - 190,972 52 Balances due to Banks in this State, - - 1,16,9,959 49 Balances due to Banks in other States, - 338,725 65 All monies due which bear interest, - - 40,500 81 State Treasury, for bal- ( ance, Current Fund, 41,303 60 State Treasury, for bal- ^ ance Sinking Fund, 487,758 23 State Treasury, for loan ^ for rebuilding city, 1,810,253 37 Cash deposited and all other monies due, 1,937,057 52 -{■Total liabilities, *$14,299,885 42 RESOURCES. Specie on hand, - - $717,053 67 Real Estate, - - - 287,997 65 Bills of Banks in this State, - - - - - 339,449 55 Bills of Banks in other States, .... 2,797 00 Balances due from banks in this State, - - 65,846 51 Balances due from banks in other States, - - 90,515 72 Discounts on personal security, - - - 6,064,339 16 Loans on pledge of their own stock, - - . 221,272 33 Loans on pledge of oth¬ er stock, - - - - 366,219 12 Domestic Exchange, 270,819 80 Foreign do. - 127,749 88 Bonds, .... 984,116 58 Investments in Stock, 1,371,153 89 Debts suspended and in suit,. 589,086 40 State Treasury, - 82,486 40 Branches and agencies, 1,523,348 55 Bonds under law, for re¬ building Charleston, 927,056 37 Interest and expenses of State Loan, - . . 68,840 68 All other investments, 198,972 14 fTotal resources, *$14,299,885 42 Bank of Charleston , same time . LIABILITIES. Capital Stock, paid in, $3,160,800 00 Circulation, - - - 1,350,412 00 Surplus profits, - - - 287,884 59 Balances due to other Banks, .... 1,340,988 81 Deposits and unclaimed dividends, - - . 611,002 54 Total liabilities, $6,751,087 94 Grand total, - $21,050,973 36 RESOURCES. Specie on hand, - - $669,521 07 Real and Personal Es- i tute,. 143,491 88 Stocks and other invest¬ ments, .... 324,120 34 Balances due by other Banks, .... 807,876 17 Domestic Exchange, 1,495,704 26 Foreign do. - 528,774 60 Discounts, Bonds and Mortgages and other securities, - - - 2,781,599 62 Total resources,_$6,751,087 94 Grand total, - $21,050,973 36 ^lhe figuies are given according to the report, although the amounts vary in the aggregate tExclusive of the Branch of “ the Bank of the State of So. Ca„” at Camden So ° BANKS. 155 Comptroller's Statement of the Banks during Jan,, 1847. LIABILITIES Capital Stock, - - $5,992,607 73 Circulation, - - - 2,863,698 00 Net profits on hand, 223,449 28 Balances due to Banks in this State, - - - 1,892,685 40 Balances due Banks in other States, - - 269,453 38 All other monies due, which bear interest, 55,841 18 State Treasury, for bal¬ ance, Current Fund, 24,391 82 State Treasury, for bal¬ ance, Sinking-Fund, 509,160 63 State Treasury, for loan ^ for rebuilding City, ] ,8 10,253 37 Cash deposited and all other monies due, 1,754,478 50 RESOURCES. Specie on hand, - - $643,831 86 Real Estate, - - - 291,997 65 Bills of Banks in this State, . Bills of Banks in other States, - - - . 1 Balances due by Banks in this State, - - - Balances due by Banks in other States, - - Discounts on personal security, - - - - Loans on pledge of their own stock, - - - Loans on pledge of oth¬ er stock, - - - - Domestic Exchange, Foreign do. Bonds,. Investments in stocks, 1,365^829 91 Debts suspended and in suit, ----- State Treasury, - - _ Branches and agencies, 1,632,380 10 Bonds under law for re¬ building Charleston, 880,395 27 Interest and expenses of State loan, - - - 68,592 94- All other investments, 122,683 14 296,501 22 605 00 87,778 40 57,354 98 5,804,394 92 279,856 11 415,890 76 1,199,350 88 247,267 07 1,141,075 14 777,191 42 83,042 52 Total liabilities, $15,396,019 29 Total resources, $15,396,019 29 Bank of Charleston , same time. LIABILITIES. Capital Stock, paid in, $3,160,800 00 Circulation, - - - 1,934,265 00 Surplus profits, - - 329,096 75 Balances due to other Banks, - - - - 1,412,723 72 Deposits and unclaimed dividends, - - - 646,766 54 RESOURCES. Specie on hand, - - $409,750 53 Real Estate, - - - 90,435 23 .Stocks and other invest¬ ments, - - - - 790,469 67 Balance due by other Banks, - - - - 949,738 20 Domestic Exchange, 1,610,999 63 Foreign do. - 901,669 98 Discounts, Bonds,Mort¬ gages, and other se¬ curities, - - - - 2,730,588 77 Total liabilities, $7,483,652 01 Total resources, $7,483,652 01 Grand total, - $22,879,671 30 Grand Total, - $22,879,671 30 156 CENSUS OF CHARLESTON. Comptroller's Statement of the Banks during Ja?i> 1848. LIABILITIES. Capital Stock, - - $5,992,782 73 Circulation, - - - - 2,403,681 38 Net profits on hand, 246,254 30 Balances clue to Banks in this State, - - Balances due to Banks in other State, - - All other monies due which bear interest, State Treasury, for bal¬ ance, Current Fund, State Treasury, for bal¬ ance, Sinking Fund, State Treasury, for loan for rebuilding City, Cash deposited and all other monies dub, - 1,769,195 19 198,340 08 26,860 00 9,083 15 503,534 22 1,810,253 37 1,862,973 89 Total liabilities, $14,822,958 31 RESOURCES. Specie on hand, - - $443,953 12 Real Estate, - - - 278,496 41 Bills of Banks in this State, ----- 335,417 28 Bills of Banks in other States, - - . . 13,297 00 Balances due from banks in this State, - - - 47,362 97 Balances due from banks in other States, - - 59,918 38 Discounts on personal security, - - - - 5,983,059 06 Loans on pledge of their own stock, - - - 230,799 30 Loans on pledge of oth¬ er stock, - - - - 371,518 21 Domestic Exchange, - 1,066,322 59 Foreign do. - 216,654 16 Bonds,. 1,177,364 28 Investments in Stock, - 1,343,044 79 Debts suspended and in suit, ----- 753,770 33 State Treasury, - - 96,056 78 Branches and agencies, 1,435,953 05 Bonds under law for re¬ building Charleston, 811,718 49 Interest and expenses of State loan, ... 48,421 51 All other investments, 109,830 60 Total resources, $14,822,958 31 Bank of Charleston, same time. LIABILITIES. Capital Stock, paid in, $3,160,800 00 Circulation, - - - 1,536,845 00 Surplus profit, - - - 381,900 86 Balances due to other Banks and accounts with agencies, - - 1,060,783 63 Deposits and unclaimed dividends, - - - - 443,543 19 Total liabilities, $6,583,872 68 Grand total, - $21,406,830 99 RESOURCES. Specie on hand, - - $440,165 13 Real Estate, - - - - 71,096 53 Stocks and other invest¬ ments, - - - - 1,011,958 12 Balances due by other Banks,. 992,662 34 Domestic Exchange, - 1,008,268 18 Foreign do. - - 666,509 95 Discounts, Bonds and Mortgages and other securities, - - - 2,393,212 43 Total resources, $6,583,872 68 Grand total, - $21,406,830 99 I BANKS. 157 Comptroller's Statement of the Banks during Jan. 1849. LIABILITIES. Capital Stock, - - $5,992,782 73 Circulation, ... 2,083,784 00 Net profits on hand, 263,568 23 Balances due to Banks in this State, - - 1,192,419 65 Balances due to Banks in other States, - - 98,910 28 All other monies due which bear interest, - 26,435 00 State Treasury, for bal¬ ance, Current Fund, 737 09 State Treasury, for bal¬ ance, Sinking- Fund, 533,203 03 State Treasury, for loan for rebuilding city, 1,783,586 70 Cash deposited and all other moneys due, 1,796,215 65 Total liabilities, $13,771,642 36 RESOURCES. Specie on hand, - - $586,292 76 Real Estate, .... 277,291 51 Bills of Banks in this State, - - - - - 301,956 88 Bills of Banks in other States,. 6,709 96 Balances due from banks in this State, - - - 51,61814 Balances due from banks in other States, - - 170,942 40 Discounts on personal security, - - - - 4,550,369 54 Loans on pledge of own stock,. 248,244 78 Loans on pledge of oth¬ er stock, - - - - 400,033 97 Domestic Exchange, - 1,168,448 45 Foreign do. - - 205,176 67 Bonds, ----- 1,180,154 26 Investments in Stock, 1,252,567 97 Debts suspended and in suit,. 789,666 23 State Treasury, - - 119,640 71 Branches and agencies, - 1,486,116 63 Bonds under law for re¬ building Charleston, 771,859 24 Interests and expenses of State loan, - - 43,689 83 All other investments, 160,862 43 Total resources, $13,771,642 36 Bank of Charleston , same time . LIABILITIES. Capital Stock, paid in, $3,160,800 00 Circulation, - - - 1,413,176 j00 Surplus profits, - - - 585,578 84 Balances due to other Banks, and accounts with agencies, - - 1,525,506 63 Deposits and unclaimed dividends, - - - 380,263 99 Total liabilities, $7,065,325 46 Grand total, - $20,836,967 82 RESOURCES. Specie on hand, - - $327,786 22 Real Estate, - - - - 63,500 75 Stocks and other invest¬ ments, ----- 580,648 25 Balances due by other Banks and agencies, 1,149,181 98 Domestic Exchange, - 1,644,513 91 Foreign do. - 756,219 32 Di scounts, Bonds,Mort¬ gages, and other se¬ curities, - - - - 2,543,475 03 Total resources, $7,065,325 46 Grand total, - $20,836,967 82 21 158 CENSUS OF CHARLESTON. “Provident Institutionfor Savings in the City of Charles ton”—Incorporated December 1843. Number of acc’ts. opened. N umber of acc’ts. closed. Number of accounts re¬ maining open Average amount to each deposi¬ tor. Jan. 1844 to Jan. 1845 429 35 394 $76.34 w 1845 “ 1846 339 75 264 117.28 “ 1846 “ 1847 321 144 177 119.08 “ 1847 “ 1848 360 155 205 130.46 “ 1848 “ 1849 326 182 144 135.26 Total, - - - - 1,775 591 1,184 Amounts De¬ posited. AMOUNTS PAID DEPOSITOR. Am’ts remain¬ ing on deposit in Jan. of each year. Expenses of the Institution for each year. Capital. Dividends at 5 per cent. Jan. 1844 to Jan. 1845, $33,064 33 $ 4,075 00 *$ 364 61 $28,989 33 $ 237 17 Jan. 1845 to Jan. 1846, 58,943 09 10,757 66 1,807 53 48,185 43 333 46 Jan. 1846 to Jan. 1847, 61,289 01 39,031 10 3,723 56 22,257 91 547 42 Jan. 1847 to Jan. 1848, 76,487 43 40,238 83 4,973 47 36,248 60 571 76 Jan. 1848 to Jan. 1849, 81,833 55 57,370 02 6,320 08 24,463 53 756 65 Total. 311,617 41 151,472 61 17,189 25 160,144 80 2,446 46 * This dividend was for the first half year after the Institution went into operation. Amount invested in Stocks, “ “ “ Bonds, $35,064 09 126,057 25 $161,121 34 Amount of Surplus to be divided in 1849, 5,593 70 “ deposited between Jan. and June, 1849, 48,687 00 “ paid depositors, same time, principal, 26,749 68 “ “ “ “ “ dividends, 3,606 56 30,356 24 Which shows an increase of over 50 per cent, upon the deposits of the same period for the preceding year. i BANKS. 159 The quarterly periods from which interest on de¬ posits are allowed, are the third Wednesday’s of Janu¬ ary, April, July and October. Dividends are paid semi¬ annually in April and October, at a rate not exceeding 5 per cent, per annum. Unclaimed dividends are placed to the credit of the depositor, and draw interest from the date at which they were declared. At the expira¬ tion of every five years, all surplus profits are appor¬ tioned amongst the depositors of one years standing, and over. For the above statements we are indebted to Mr. Henry S. Griggs, the Treasurer of the Institution. Capital , and Dividends of the Banks in Charleston, and also of Companies chartered hy the Legislature of South Carolina , and located in the City . 160 CENSUS OF CHARLESTON EXCHANGE. 161 . EXCHANGE. Rates of Foreign , and Domestic Bills of Exchange at Charleston . The rates of Steiling and trench Exchange are the out-door rates previous to 1841, when the Banks began to opeiate largely in Foreign Exchange ; from that period, the rates are those at which the Banks purchased Foreign Exchange. The rates for Domestic Exchange at 44 60 days on New York, are the Banks rates for purchasing this class of Exchange. And the 44 Bank Checks on New York,” are the rates at which the Banks were selling Sight Checks. [ Compiled from the TVeekly Courier Letter Sheet Prices Current . 1834 FOREIGN. DOMESTIC. Sterling. French (iO Day Rills on New York. Bank Checks on New York. January, February, March, April, May, June, July, August, September, October, November, December, Ia24 pr.c. pm. par a 2 p.c. dis. 44 44 2 44 2dis.a3p.c.pm. Ifa3£ I+a2 “ 1 a4 4 « 4 a64 “ 5 a7 “ 6 a64 “ 5 a6 44a5f “ 5.50a5.60 5.50a5.60 5.45a5.60 5.40a5.50 5.50a5.65 5.55a5.70 5.35a5.55 5.35a5.40 5.35a5.40 5.35a 5.40a5.45 4 pr.c.dis. and time 4 « 44 4 « 4 “ « 4 a 1 “ « 1 « « 4 “ « 4 « « 4 “ « 4 “ « 4 “ « '4 “ « par. par a 4pr c.pm 4 per cent pm. 4 a l1 is tics 'of r ' ~tf i e 11 ii ~ 7rnTDi T?~~T — ——*— 7 ———■——y~ —^ - ■ ■ j / years jiom is 1 January to 31 st December in each year . 1834 - . . 1835 - . . 1836 - . . 1837 - . . 1838 - . . 1839 - . . 11840 - . . ll 841 - - . (1842 - - . 1843 - - . 1844 - - - 1845 - - - 1846 - - - 1847 - - - 1848 *$3,112,500 Miles of Road struct ion ; in¬ cluding ain’t, paid for So. Ca. Canal and R.R. Company. Miles Run. Passen¬ gers convey¬ ed. r JFibl Up 136 * wm 154,000 26,649 $ 55,009 136 “ - - 160,072 34,283 89.237 136 - 161,160 39,216 101,335 136 - 153,000 41,554 84.958 136 - - - 190,264 44,487 111,027 136 - 232.832 37,283 129,776 153 - 232,656 29,279 110,732 166 - - - 236.108 35,141 105,951 204 - 286,995 33,925 131.989 204 - - - 313.908 37,740 129,337 204 - 310,812 54,146 163,778 204 - 342,435 56,785 179,803 204 345,893 64,136 172,291 204 ...” ” 327,539 77,579 201,481 241 J*f5,699,736 352,431 75,149 217,071 Down Total Re¬ ceipts from all sources. 42,546 249,754 38,699 271,614 53,311 280,215 323,381 422,842 388,127 336,538 408,705 442.931 532,870 562,296 589,082 656,275 52,395 74,547 77,771 56,035 95,876 118,524 148,769 162,514 179,399 186,153 produce brought down. Bales Cotton. Barrel: Flour. 24,567 34,760 28,497 34,395 35,346 52,585 58,496 54,064 92,336 128,047 186,638 197,657 186,271 134,302 Bushels Corn. 318,523; 800,0731274,364 12,148 19,043 15,447 BushelsTfi-rrels Wheat. 1 jupen- tine. 334,761! 4,087 201,1771 2,307 48 3,186 ,753! REMARKS. Additional Lines of Road opened in South Carolina, &c. 5 17 miles of Columbia Branch opened, to Oraurfeburfif. ll l “ , “ “ “ Louisville, ” “ Columbia Branch opened through. Two Companies Consolidated. 37 miles, Camden Branch opened through. Extension of Lines of Rail Road opened West of Hamburg and. Augusta, connecting with the South Carolina Rail Road. 40 miles opened of Geo. R.R. and Banking Company, 7 5 +88 105 +147 a ii ii ii ii ii ii a ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii l * The Capital of the Company would be more properly represented by the amount under the hourl of e n , . jCompany co ntracted m the purchase of the South Carolina‘Canid and Rail Hoad Company, before men tioned . 0 * Constructlon > which latter includes the debt of the No TE -The XM^^2^ betWeel l tbe naVi . gaWe “ 4 ^PPi valley and the At,antic Ocean win be through the above lines, as followL ‘ From Augusta to Dalton, . miles From Savannah to Dalton, - . ’f . WS ! . 155 195 213 100 18 a i(r ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii “ Co. to Atlanta] “ of Western and At’c.R.R.Co. to Dalton “ of a Branch fm Kingston to Rome, Ga, From Augusta to Dalton, . . From Dalton to Chattanooga, (on the navigable waters of the Tennessee River) to be opened on 1st November, 1849, 271 38 445 miles a 392 miles 38 “ 430 miles The above shows , -71 miles opened, running directly Westward from Augusta. 3 miles included of a Branch to Warrenton. 39 “ “ “ to Athens 18 “ ** ie Branch from Kingston to Rome. j 331 miles Total communicating with the South' Carolina Road at Hamburg RAIL ROADS. 169 which the progressively increasing business of the Road will be perceived. It has developed new sources of wealth in the interior, and added considerably to the commerce of the City, by the facility of placing in a larger market, the Flour, Corn, Wheat and other grain, with the Turpentine productions of the Interior, which hitherto had been less available there ; and, in con¬ nection with the lines of Rail Road extending west from Hamburg, has placed in this market, western pro¬ duce, which previously sought other outlets. Steam Engines and Manufacturing Establishments, in active operation in Charleston . 172 CENSUS OF CHARLESTON PROVISION MEAT MARKET. 173 PROVISION MEAT MARKET. Statement of the number of Neat and Small Cat¬ tle, and Hogs, brought into the Charleston market, as Butcher’s meat, for 10 years. Beeves. Calves. Hogs. Sheep. Lambs. Kids 1839—January to April 1,876 446 3,250 1,692 6 Q O “ April to July, 1,524 1,882 1,935 619 984 18 “ July to October 2,354 1.575 818 557 689 5 “ October to Jan. 2,311 578 3,438 1,648 46 5 Totals. 8,065 4,481 9,441 4,516 1,725 31 1840—January to April 1,792 499 3,484 1,821 12 8 “ April to July 1,388 1,531 1,873 1,094 615 30 “ July to October, 2,314 1,387 1,283 657 637 23 “ October to Jan. 2,707 569 4,225 1,770 72 1 Totals. 8,201 3,986 10,865 5,342 1,336 62 1841—January to April 1,893 148 2,852 1,536 23 3 “ April to July, 1,403 1,754 1,623 965 842 11 “ July to October 2,654 1,528 1,364 864 732 11 “ October to Jan. 2,410 494 4,319 1,450 36 19 Totals. 8,360 3,924 10,158 4,815 1,633 44 1842—January to April 1,692 500 3,829 1,262 15 7 “ April to July 1,641 1,691 2,691 1,100 808 8 “ July to October 2,846 2,139 2,286 789 1,056 11 “ October to Jan. 2,709 193 4,978 1,520 73 4 Totals. 8,888 4,523 13,784 4,671 1,952 30 1843—January to April 1,835 582 5,411 1,201 10 1 “ April to July 1,026 2,217 2,176 1,204 745 28 “ July to October 2,667 1,826 1,146 828 597 17 “ October to Jan. 2,816 547 3,910 1,896 30 12 Totals. 8,344 5,172 12,643 5,129 1,382 58 1844—January to April 2,027 467 3,310 1,801 9 7 April to July 1,522 2,083 1,896 906 896 11 July to October 2,840 1,758 1,669 729 698 5 October to Jan. 2,739 697 3,545 1,699 45 2 Totals. 9,128 5,005 10,420 5,135 1,641 25 1845—January to April 1,889 704 3,550 1,491 43 5 “ April to July 1,625 2,256 1,998 837 1,070 14 “ July to October 2,997 2,201 1,698 877 831 12 “ October to Jan. 3,259 974 3,498 1,802 68 00 Totals. 9,770 6,135 10,744 5,007 2,012 31 174 CENSUS OF CHARLESTON. Eeeves. Calves. Hogs. Sheep. Lambs. Kids. 1846—January to April 1,851 522 3,105 1,308 3 18 “ April to July 1,661 2,282 1,744 826 31 3 “ July to October 2,982 2,186 1,298 829 848 19 “ October to Jan. 2,897 784 3,332 1,646 50 18 Totals. 9,391 5,774 9,479 4,609 932 58 ] 847—January to April 2,825 426 3,171 1,721 7 18 April to July 1,639 2,263 2,286 823 1,137 15 “ July to October 3,289 1,933 1,467 1,003 674 27 “ October to Jan. 3,222 844 3,190 1,698 38 1 Totals. 10,975 5,466 10,114 5,245 1,856 61 1848—January to April 1,899 651 3,620 1,662 37 6 “ April to July 1,562 2,211 2,074 687 1,358 4 “ July to October 2,984 2,060 1,800 817 778 17 “ October to Jan. 3,220 921 3,905 1,605 30 5 Totals. 9,665 5,843 11,399 4,771 2,203 32 Note. —In addition to the remarks made on Exports, Imports, Duties, &c., (page 133) it should also have been stated that the Duties collected on Imports from 1837 to 1848 do not always correspond to the division of the year given in the margin, but in some instances they are from January to December. The four last years particularly are from January to December in each year, and only contain the duties collected in Charleston, which were obtained from the books of the Custom House in Charleston, through the politeness of Mr. Grayson, the Collector of the Port. This discrepancy arose from our inability to obtain the official statements from Government documents, and we were obliged to rely upon other sources. The ag¬ gregate duties collected from 1837 to 1848, it is believed will be found very nearly correct, as the foreign imports into other ports in this State are inconsiderable. CITY ACCOUNTS. 175 CITY ACCOUNTS. The subjoined statements which have been copied from the Treasurer’s Report, made to the City Council in August, 1849, will shew the liabilities of the City and her resources to meet those liabilities. And also the statement of the loans made under the Fire Loan Act for rebuilding the City after the destructive lire of the 28th April, 1838. Statement of Indebtedness of the City of Charleston. DR. 1849—Aug. 31. To issue of 6 per cent, stock of 1818, balance held by Trustees and Commissioners Orphan House, - To issue 6 per cent, stock, 1838, “ “ 6 “ “ 1849, to redeem issue of 1839, To issue 6 per cent, stock, 1840, “ “ 6 “ “ 1845, To special issue 6 per ct. stock, 1840, To special issue (3 per ct. stock, 1848, To issue 29th December, 1848,6 per cent, stock, - To issue 5 percent, stock, 1835, “ “ 5 “ “ 1837, “ “ 5 “ “ 1838, “ “ 5 “ “ 1824, balance held by Orphan House, To issue special 5 per cent, stock, To issue on account Charleston Col¬ lege, per Ordinance 1839, - To issue on account High School, $7,563 86 125,000 00 200.000 00 92,575 00 36,665 50 4,666 50 50,000 00 44,120 29—560,591 237,004 91 47,495 49 41,115 88 9,180 06 13,784 18—348,580 13.250 00 13.250 00— 26,500 15 •>*> 00 $935,671 47 CR. 1849—-Aug. 31. By assets of the General Sinking Fund, (page 176) - 547,438 93 By balance, being the actual debt due by the city, 388,232 54 $935,671 47 In the above statement, the Real Estate held by the Corporation is not included, a portion of which is not used by the city, and can be made available during the 23 176 CENSUS OF CHARLESTON. coming year. The indebtedness of the city to the Bank of the State, on account of the Fire Loan, is not included in the above statement, and stands thus— Due to the Bank, for property purchased in by the City, as sold under foreclosure by the Bank, - - $230,703 Amount paid into the Bank of the State towards the liquidation of sum, - - - 106,540 Estimated value of property on hand from above purchases, - 58,000-164,540 Leaving this amount to be provided for and of course added to the indebtedness of $388,232 54, as above stated, - $66,163 Statement of General Sinking Fund , from Sept . 1 , 1848, to August 31, 1849. DR. To balance from last year, - - - 110 221 99 “ capital on bonds received, (from old bonds,) 8,143 87 “ capital on bonds received, (from new bonds,) 82 ,000 00 “ interest on bonds received, “ cash portions on sales of houses, “ interest on ditto, - “ proceeds of issue of 6 per cent, stock, “ proceeds of issue of 6 percent, stock, “ new bonds received—tire loans, “ marsh lots, bonds and cash, “ bonds purchased from city cash, - 90,143 87 5,114 88 15,635 00 9 72 200 000 00 44 120 20 244,120 29 63,255 00 17,055 00 6,584 00 “ dividends and interest on stocks, “ rents, - “ city cash loaned and returned, - “ assets of three special funds consolidated into this by ordinance, “ profit and loss on redemption of stock, “ purchase of stock, city five’s, in anticipation of redemption in January next, • 6,000 00 Rail Road Scrip, with interest to the 10th of August, and interest to continue by special arrangement, - - 4,922 73 200 old and 200 new shares in Bank of Charleston, - - - 31,500 00 86,894 00 2,063 00 1,189 50 23,284 85 368 950 00 202 00 42,422 73 $996,251 83 CITY ACCOUNTS. 177 CIl. By payment on bonds, and therefore deducted from their face, - “ cash loaned to the city, “ stock redeemed, 6 per cent. - 200,000 00 “ 5 per cent. Rail Road, - . 63,275 00 *' Cancelled 5 per cent. Rail Road, - 1,000 CO “ profit and loss, paid up before due, (bond) - “ stock redeemed, 5 per cent, “ stock purchased, redeemable in January, “ real estate sold, “ cash paid for shares in Bank of Charleston, “ cash paid to the city for Rail Road Scrip receivable, with interest thereon to 10th August, “ cash paid to the city for three bonds, 90,143 87 23,284 85 264,275 00 47 45 5,000 03 6,000 00 17,055 00 31,500 00 4,922 73 6,584 00 $449,812 90 Assets of the Stocks, - Bonds receivable, * - Real Estate, Cash in Bank, - Fund . 202,660 73 269.869 13 24,213 17 50,695 90 547,438 93 $996,251 83 Statement of Fire Loan Bonds , up to the 1st July, 1849. | Original Loan Balance prin¬ cipal due. Balance inter¬ est due. REMARKS. No. 1 15,000 10,200 1,143 U o —i 4,650 - - Paid in full. “ 3 4,500 3,616 18 .76 96 “ 4 33,375 33,375 1,747 50 “ 5 2,700 972 Int. paid “ 6 1,700 - - - - - - Paid in full. “ 7 2,700 1,242 Int. paid “ 8 24,750 8.986 34 507 85 “ 9 99,102 50 89,500 Int. jaaid “ 10 6,500 ... - Paid in full. “ 11 9,300 4,000 Int. paid “ 12 6,000 5,280 - Property sold covers debt. “ 13 5,625 2,850 Int. paid “ 14 7,125 7,125 209 76 “ 15 4,500 3,700 Int. paid “ 16 12,000 2,400 Int. paid “ 17 4,055 • - - - Paid in full. “ 18 ! 4,350 - - - - Paid in full. “ 19 1,820 1,263 73 Int. paid 178 CENSUS OF CHARLESTON. Statement oj Fire Loan Bonds — continued. Original Loai Balance prin cipal due. Balance inter est due. REMARKS. No. 20 9,000 5,490 347 9c 5 “ 21 2,700 1,782 Int. paid “ 22 4,800 3,552 Int. paid “ 23 4,500 1,785 Int. paid “ 24 12,900 10,450 203 9C 44 25 3,600 - Paid in full. “ 2G | 15,450 10,815 648 9C 44 27 7.500 2,700 Int. paid 44 28 5,200 | 1,872 Int. paid > 44 29 9,975 8,130 50 1,216 6£ 1 44 30 i 20,200 7,162 Int. paid 1 “ 31 30,100 | 20,771 50 1,717 22! « 32 2,014 906 30 35 24 44 33 4,200 2,597 44 170 09 44 34 16,950 16,540 1,460 95 “ 35 5,200 | 3,432 : Int. paid 44 36 4,650 350 | Int. paid 44 37 1 1,050 - - - Paid in full. 44 38 I 20,100 7,236 ! Int. paid 44 39 9,900 888 | Int. paid 44 40 4,500 2,246 14 i Int. paid 44 41 1 3,150 | 1,716 I Int. paid 44 42 27,900 15,000 | Int. paid 44 43 17,600 8,000 Int. paid 44 44 4,500 - Paid in full. 44 45 4,050 - i _ m m Paid in full. 44 46 3,750 2,475 Int. paid 44 47 1,920 1,197 60 Int. paid 44 48 4,320 2,851 20 Int. paid 44 49 4,200 _ _ _ _ _ - Paid in full. 44 50 17,350 • Paid in full. 44 51 5,500 2,805 168 30 44 52 4,500 3,380 Int. paid 44 53 3,150 1,606 50 32 13 44 54 20,000 9,000 Int. paid * 44 55 12,000 5,985 96 Int. paid 44 56 2.500 2,050 Int. paid 44 57 8,250 4,181 38 Int. paid 44 58 10,500 5,355 Int. paid 44 59 4,072 50! Paid in full. 44 60 4,500 - - - i Paid in full. 44 61 5,400 3,294 197 64 44 62 17,150 17,150 Suspended in Chancery. 44 63 4,200 1,100 80 44 44 64 6,750 2,767 50 Int. paid 1 44 65 2,475 j 990 Int. paid 44 66 2,250 2,071 67 85 62 44 67 15,600 14,456 867 36 44 68 5,062 50) 3,746 25 Int. paid 44 69 10,000 4,670 Int. paid 44 70 32,750 - - - - [ 3 aid in full. 44 71 10,500 5,355 Int. paid 44 72 45,900 45,900 3,691 60 44 73 2,406 69 - - - - - - I ’aid in full. 44 74 6,000 2,160 Int. paid CITY ACCOUNTS. 179 Statement of Fire Loan Bonds—continued. Original Loan Balance prin¬ cipal due. Balance inter¬ est due. RKMARKS. No. 75 “ 76 “ 77 “ 78 “ 79 “ 80 “ 81 “ 82 “ 83 “ 84 “ 85 “ 86 “ 87 “ 88 “ 89 “ 90 “ 91 7,200 3,637 50 9,000 9,900 4,125 9.600 2.600 6.500 3,250 4,000 10,500 3,825 3,825 9,000 6,240 13,680 4.500 6,336 2,400 75 6,300 9,405 1,800 9,440 1,046 4,640 2,860 8,694 35 ■ 3,085 50 2,966 5,100 4,924 80 3,823 39 829 22 Int. paid 88 28 Int. paid Int. paid Int. paid Int. paid Int. paid Int. paid Int. paid Int. paid Int. paid Int. paid Int. paid Int. paid Paid in full Paid in full. Total. '885,780 69 525,301 98 15,526 57 Statement of Fire Loan Bonds , up to date of sale of Property. Name. | Original Loan Amt principal and int. due at time of sale Amount re¬ ceived by city on re-sale. Remarks. A. Black, j 45,722 50 35,376 67 19,230 00 7,000 00 ) amount received for £ property sold. } estimated value un- Charleston Hotel, 75,000 00 84,622 33 57,000 00 S sold property. C. W. Cramer, 3,750 00 4,188 75 4,550 00 T. Fell, 5,250 00 5,923 00 6,000 00 esti’ed. value unsold. A. Fourgeaud, 17,550 00 20,821 50 15,000 00 • esti’ed. value unsold. B. Johnson, 8,700 00 9,823 26 7,250 00 J. C. Ker, 34,500 00 36,376 50 8,000 00 30,000 00 ) amount receivedfor S property sold, esti’ed. value unsold. P. Ling, 4,500 00 4,883 75 3,800 00 B. S. Smith, trust 6,900 00 7,900 00 7,410 23 Jas. H. Sutcliffe, 11,910 00 13,303 00 7,430 00 Tovey & Babson, 4,875 00 5,406 25 4,400 00 Jenny Turpin. 2,700 00 3,078 00 2,700 00 Total. 221,357 50 230,703 00 179,770 23 180 CENSUS OF CHARLELTON. BIRTHS, MARRIAGES AND DEATHS. The number of births, marriages and deaths that annually occur in a place, is an element of information indispensable to a correct view of the population; hence, in almost all civilized governments, records are now made, and means exist, lor obtaining these facts.” AV e quote the above from Mr. Shattuck, deeming it worthy of the serious attention of the City authorities, and of the State at large. Our information on this head is confined to a single year, as no records have ever been kept, either by the State or City, of Births and marriages. Two or three years ago, the City Council passed an ordinance, in which it was rendered incumbent on the City Register, to keep a registry of all the Births, Marriages and Deaths; but the mode of obtaining this information was not specified, and after long and fruitless efforts to obtain the required infor¬ mation, the plan was abandoned as impracticable. Recently the Board of Health passed a resolution, urging upon Council the propriety of passing such laws upon the subject, as would enable the City Register to perform the duties imposed by the ordinance, and we trust that at no distant day that body will give their serious attention to a matter of so great importance to every civilized community. The number of Births, Marriages and Deaths that occurred in the City in 1848, were obtained by personal enquiries, and the results are as follows. Wards. WHITES. SLAVES. FREE COLORED. 05 OJ Females. Totals. Males. Females. H o S® * * Males. CD 3 p H-< CD 02 Totals. 1 40 30 70 44 44 88 4 2 6 2 45 49 94 78 61 139 10 7 17 3 70 76 146 50 45 95 4 7 11 4 74 81 155 86 i 76 162 13 9 22 Total 229 236 | 465 258 226 484 31 25 56 BIRTHS, MARRIAGES AND DEATHS. 181 The proportion which the male bear to the female births, in each class of the population, appears from the following table: Male, Female, Births. 229 236 WHITES. Proportion. 49.24=97.00: or 100. 50.76 100. toT 03.00 465 100.00 Male, Female, Births. 258 226 SLAVES. Proportion. 53.31=100.00 : or 112.03 46.69 87.58 to 100. 484 100.00 Male, Female, Births. 31 25 FREE COLORED. Proportion. 55.36=100. : or 124.01 44.64 80.63 to 100. 56 100.00 It appears that during the year 1848, the male births unions the white population were less by 3 per cent, than the female. This must be considered an excep¬ tional year in this respect, for in almost all years in which enumerations of the population have been made, the males have exceeded the females, and a reference to the subject of “ Public Health” will show that the male deaths exceed the female. As there are no other years, however, with which the births can be compared, the present proportions must remain, to be corrected by future observations. Among the slave and free colored population, the male exceed the female births by 13, and 20 per cent.; there must, however, be a greater mortality of the males in these classes at the early ages than of the females—for at 10 years the females exceed the males among the slaves, and the female free colored exceed the males at all ages. 182 CENSUS OF CHARLESTON. The following table exhibits the proportion of births to the population, in each of the three classes of the population, and in the slaves and free colored combined, for the year 1848. Births. Population. In ICO. One in Whites, - - 465 14,187 3.27 30 Slaves, - - - 484 10,772 4.49 22 Free Colored, - - 56 1,492 3.86 25 Slaves and Free Colored, 540 12,264 4.40 22 It appears from this table that the births among the slave population are proportionally the most numerous, and least numerous among the whites ; the free colored being intermediate in fecundity. If the above table be now compared with the deaths for the year 1848, it will be seen that the births exceed the deaths among the whites by upwards of one per cent., and among the colored population the deaths are nearly two per cent, less than the births. Deaths. 1848. Population. III 100. One in. Whites, 303 14,187 2.13 46 % , Colored, 311 12,264 2.53 39 Marriages. —The following table exhibits the mar¬ riages that occurred among the whites during the year 1848, and the proportion to the population of each Ward. Ward. 1 Marriages. 14 Population. 2,307 In 100. .61 One in, 164 o 28 2,578 1.08 92 3 45 3,898 1.15 86 4 55 5,404 1,02 98 Totals, 142 14,187 1.00 99 Comparisons of the marriages cannot be made with those of any other year, as these have never before been ascertained. It will be seen by comparing these tables with the tables on page 9, that the marriages were most numerous in the Ward containing the great¬ est proportion of foreign population. PUBLIC HEALTH. 183 PUBLIC HEALTH OF THE POPULATION. Before entering upon this subject, we have deemed it advisable to give a brief account of the climate, as it must, in some degree, exert an influence on the public health of every community. Charleston is situated at the junction of the Ashley and Cooper Rivers, in north latitude 32 degrees, 45 seconds, and west longitude from Greenwich, 7!) degrees, 57 seconds. The climate is exceedingly variable, and is well described bv Ram- •/ say, the historian, who says, u It is a medium between that of tropical countries, and of cold temperate lati¬ tudes ; it resembles the former in the degree and dura¬ tion oi its summer heat, and the latter in its variable¬ ness, In tropical climates, the warmest and coldest days do not, in the course of a twelvemonth, vary more than sixteen degrees of Farenheit’s thermometer. There is consequently, but little distinction between their summer and winter; but a variation of eighty- three degrees between the heat and cold of different days ol the same years, and of forty-six degrees in the different hours oi the same day, in South Carolina, is to be found in its historical records.” This sudden change of forty-six degrees is recorded by Dr. Chal¬ mers, as occurring in the year 1751. In 1813, it is stated that there was a fall of forty-four degrees in a few hours. Dr. Shecut mentions a fall of thirty-three degrees in twelve hours, occurring in 1819. At the present time, however, such great variations are not so common. In Dr. Chalmer’s tables for ten years, from 1/50 to 1759, the mean annual temperature was sixty-eight degrees; for the period of ten years, from 1803 to 1818, Dr. Shecut gives the mean annual tem¬ perature at sixty degrees, or a difference of eight degrees in the mean annual temperature of the city, in 184- census OF CHARLESTON. the space of sixty years. From 1840 to the present time, the mean animal temperature has been sixty-four degrees; showing an increase of the mean tempera¬ ture of four degrees, since 1819. This increase is mainly attributable to the increased mildness of our winters, as the Thermometrical tables, which follow, will show a sensible decrease in the heat of snmmer, as compared w T ith the years mentioned by Drs. Chal¬ mers and She cut. Years. Mean Annual Temperature. Highest Deg. Lowest Deg. Annual Rain. 1750 65 deg rees. 96 25 53.50 1751 67 a 94 23 54.43 1752 67 u 101 18 46.49 1753 67 u 91 28 40.93 1754 68 u 93 22 37.06 1755 65 u 90 27 44.14 1756 67 u 96 26 33.76 1757 66 90 25 40.17 1758 64 u 95 25 31.95 1759 67 u 94 27 34.51 The inhabitants were exempt from Yellow fever from 1750 to 1799, with the exception of a few cases in 1753 and 1755. There is no notice of the prevalence of winds for this period. The average fall of rain for ten years, was 41.69 inches ; the greatest fall being 54.43, in 1751, and the least 31.95 inches, in 1758. The mean annual temperature for this period of ten years, was 66 degrees; the highest being 101, in 1752, and the lowest 18 degrees, in the same year. Years. Mean Heat. Highest Deg. Lowest Deg. Prevailing Winds. Annual Rain. 1792 66 degrees. 93 34 E 1793 66 “ 89 31 W 1794 65 91 29 E 1795 64 92 29 E 74.2 1796 65 89 17 w 58.1 PUBLIC HEALTH, 185 Years. Mean Heat. Highest Deg. Lowest Deg. Prevailing Winds. Annual Rain. 1797 65 a 88 22 w 55. 1798 64 u 90 31 E 45.2 1799 65 a 91 23 W 75.4 1800 64 a 89 28 w 51.6 1801 67 * 90 30 w 42.9 These results are from observations kept by Dr, Wilson. The prevailing winds, for a period of ten years, 1792 to 1801, were westerly. The average fall oi rain, for the eight years specified in this period, was 57.5 inches. The highest thermometries! range, 93 degrees, in 1792, and the lowest, 17 degrees, in 1796. The mean annual temperature was 65 degrees. The yellow fever raged every summer during this period, with the exception of 1793 and 1798. Years. Mean Heat. Highest Deg. Lowest Deg. Prevailing Winds. Annual Rain. 1802 68 degrees. 89 32 W 39.1 1803 67 a 90 30 E 58.9 1804 67 a 91 34 W 54.3 1805 68 ' u 91 26 w r 37.3 1806 68 ii 92 26 E 43.7 1807 68 a 92J 24 W 42.2 1808 67 ii 91 26 w 40.8 1809 67 ii 66.0 1810 67 44 45.4 1811 67 ii 49.3 In this series oi years, the yellow fever was very fatal in 1802, 1804 and 1807 ; slight in 1803,1805 and 1806. The annual mean for this series often years was 67 degrees. The highest degree being 92J, in 1807, and the lowest 24 degrees, in 1807. The average fall of rain was 47.7 inches, Prevailing wind from west. 186 CENSUS OF CHARLESTON. Abstract of Meteorological Observations at Charleston - By the City Inspectors . January, February, March, April, May, June, July, August, September, October, November, December, January, February, March, April, May, June, July, August, September, October, November, December, 1832 THERMOMETER. MEAN. 7 a. m. | 2 p.m. i 9 p.m. 45 53 53 61 71 72 77 77 73 63 54 49 64 66 67 70 80 85 85 83 SO 69 62 57 46 54 55 62 74 71 77 77 75 66 57 52 1833 Highest Degree. 82 80 78 83 86 90 93 87 88 81 77 69 Lowest ■ Degree. Prevailing Winds. 20 40 41 44 58 65 72 76 67 45 40 32 NE. SW. NE. SW. SW. SW. SW. SW. SW. NE. N. NE. Weather Prevailing Fair. tt tt a tt tt Rain. Fair. tt tt U THERMOMETER. MEAN. 7 a.m. I 2 p.m. | 9 p.m. Highest Degree. Lowest Degree. Prevailing Winds. Weather Prevailing January, February, 47 50 56 59 51 54 73 74 20 36 SW. NE. Cloudy. Fair March, 52 64 56 76 31 S. tt April, 62 70 62 84 52 NE. tt May, 72 75 73 90 67 E. tt June, 75 85 77 93 69 SE. tt July, 78 88 79 93 73 s tt August, 76 86 79 94 73 NE tt September, 73 85 76 93 60 NE tt October, 59 74 63 90 39 NW. tt November, 51 64 54 82 32 N tt December, 46 54 49 66 34 | N. ct 1834 THERMOMETER. MEAN. Highest Degree. L est D'gree. Prevailing Winds. 1 Weather Prevailing 7 a. m. 2 p. in. 9p. m. 45 53 47 78 28 N. ——-— Rain. 54 67 57 83 40 S. Fair. 54 64 58 80 37 NE. it 61 72 64 84 42 S. tt 71 77 73 89 62 SE. t* 81 87 83 92 77 S. tt 82 88 83 93 78 S. (t 80 85 81 94 75 S. it 75 82 77 89 64 N. tc 65 75 68 88 42 N. tt | S3 66 56 79 32 N. tt I 46 | 58 51 72 40 N. tc METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS. 187 1835 THERMOMETER. MEAN. Highest Degree. Lowest Degree. Prevailing Winds. Weather Prevailing 7 a. m. 1 2 p. m. 9p. m. January, 43 54 47 75 26 S. Fair. February, 38 53 43 74 15 s. 44 March, 57 61 53 76 28 E. 44 April, 62 68 65 77 48 S. 44 May, 74 81 81 89 66 s. 44 June, 78 85 82 94 73 sw. a July, 79 85 82 93 68 SE. a August, 80 87 83 94 75 s. 44 September, 71 78 75 86 60 NE. u October, 63 71 67 82 52 NE. u November, 62 68 64 80 39 SE. ii December, 45 57 50 66 38 NE. ii 1836 THERMOMETER. MEAN. Highest Degree. TiOwnaf. Prevailing Winds. Weather Prevailing 7 a. m. yp. m. y p. in. Degree. January, February, 47 44 55 55 50 49 68 72 30 26 NE. NW Fair. 44 March, 51 61 54 78 38 S. ii April, 66 70 66 82 52 S. ii May, 72 79 73 86 59 S. ii June, 77 84 79 92 66 S. ii July, 81 88 82 94 69 SW. .; August, 86 89 83 94 79 sw. ii September, 79 87 81 92 70 NE. ii October, 60 69 57 84 47 NE. ii November, 45 56 52 80 32 NW ii December, 42 53 ] 47 71 26 N. ii „ 1837 • THERMOMETER. MEAN. Highest Degree. Lowest Degree. Winds. Prevailing Weather Prevailing 7 a. m. 2p. m. 9 p. in. January, 40 47 43 55 20 NW. Fair. February, 46 55 51 66 33 sw. 4; March, 52 60 56 76 30 NE. 44 April, 59 65 60 72 50 NW. (4 May, 70 77 72 86 62 S. 44 June, 77 83 77 94 67 s. ii July, 83 90 84 98 78 s. ii August, 82 87 83 91 78 E. I ii September, 75 82 77 81 65 NE. ii October, 69 76 69 87 50 N. N. ii November, 59 65 62 75 37 • » December, 50 54 52 73 40 N. 44 188 CENSUS OF CHARLESTON. 1838 THERMOMETER. MEAN. Highest Lowest Prevailing Weather 1 2p.m. 1 9 p.m. 7 a.m. Degree. Degree. Winds. Prevailing January, 5] 58 54 74 30 NE. Fair. February, 43 51 46 67 27 N. 44 March, 54 62 55 81 40 SE. c; April, 63 72 65 85 51 NE. .( May, 69 76 67 86 61 S. u June, 77 84 78 90 69 SE. u July, August, 84 90 85 97 80 S. 44 83 88 79 96 79 s. 44 September, 74 87 74 88 60 NE. 44 October, 62 69 66 86 45 NE. 44 November, 52 | 64 53 76 26 N. u December, 42 i 56 47 85 20 N. u 183 9 THERMOMETER. • j MEAN. Highest Lowest Prevailing Weather ! 9 p.m. 7 a. m. 1 2 p.m. Degree. Degree. Winds. | Prevailing January, 43 56 47 67 30 N. Fair. February, 46 63 48 76 32 N. 44 March, 54 63 54 74 24 N. c; April, 63 70 65 77 47 NE. u May, 72 78 74 85 65 S. 44 June, 80 86 81 95 73 S. 44 July, SO 85 81 92 75 s. a August. 79 84 80 90 71 s. 44 September, 74 80 76 87 67 s. (4 October, 68 73 68 80 61 NE. 44 November, 53 60 55 71 32 NW. (4 December, 44 52 47 70 32 NW. 44 1840 THERMOMETER. MEAN. Prevailing Weather 9 p. m. ■LiOWOst / lit 111* 2 p. 111. ! degree. degree. winds. ~ i prevailing January, February, 44 57 51 63 48 57 62 70 24 32 NW S S s Fair 44 March, April, 58 64 64 75 60 67 74 83 41 50 44 44 May, 74 81 1 79 84 63 £ 44 June, 76 82 78 91 70 E 44 July, 77 SO 79 1 90 71 sw 44 August, 78 85 79 S9 74 s 44 September, 84 81 71 | 88 63 44 October, 66 75 70 78 52 NE NW NW 44 November, December, 51 44 61 52' 57 49 74 57 39 , 33 | 44 44 METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS. 189 1841 THERMOMETER. MEAN. 7 ami 2 pm 19 pm Highest degree. Lowest degree. Prevailing winds. Weather prevailing Quantity of Rain. January, 52 56 54 68 29 SW Rain 4.49 February, 46 50 50 64 31 NW Fair 3.00 March, 55 61 58 71 52 SW 66 7.25 April, 63 , 68 63 77 54 SW 66 2.36 May, 69 74 72 79 56 NW a 0.72 June, 77 82 80 88 71 SW 66 4.32 July, 79 86 82 92 78 E 66 5.31 August, 79 83 80 89 73 NE Rain 16.90 September, 75 82 78 90 65 NE Fair 3.75 October, 59 68 60 82 48 NE 66 2.73 November, 57 63 62 76 46 SW 66 1.12 December. 50 55 55 65 36 NW a 1.99 1842 THERMOMETER. MEAN. Highest degree. Lowest degree. Prevailing winds. Weather prevailing Quantity of Rain. 7 am 2 pm 9 pm January, 51 58 58 73 36 SW Fair 0.54 February, 49 57 58 71 34 SW « 2.79 ' March, 58 67 63 81 49 SW « 0.05 April, 66 72 67 79 61 SW « 1.56 May, 71 75 71 84 64 SE 66 4.69 June, 76 82 78 90 69 SW « 4.39 July, 72 82 78 87 73 S Rain 1 9.17 August, 72 76 74 87 62 s Rain 6.48 September, 75 81 77 90 68 NE Fair 3.12 October, 62 69 65 80 48 N “ 3.54 November, 48 56 55 71 33 N “ 2.35 December, 45 55 49 68 32 N “ 1 3.41 - 1843 BAROMETER. THERMOMETER Highest | degree. Lowest degree. 13? !§J. Weather Prevai’g Quantity of Rain. Max. Min. w so 3 CTQ ns 7 am VIE AN 2pm 9pm January, 30.15 28.71 1.44 50 57 54 69 35 NW fair 2.53 February, 30.04 28.99 1.05 45 53 47 65 25 SW 66 1.28 March, 29.90 28.40 1.53 44 51 47 65 28 NW a 12.14 April, 29.87 28.90 .97 58 65 59 78 48 NE a .65 May, 29.95 29.00 .95 68 74 68 83 57 S 66 3.22 June, 29 86 29.25 .61 75 79 76 86 68 S u 3.59 July, 29.86 29.00 .86 78 83 79 90 72 SW rain 8.96 August, 29.65 29.06 .59 76 81 77 86 72 E 66 9.68 September, 29.82 29.18 .64 75 80 77 86 701 E fair 8.11 October, 29.88 28.87 1.01 62 68 65 82 52 NW 66 2.60 November, 30.00 29.35 .65 51 62 58 70 42 N 66 .77 December. 30.45 29.00 1.45 48 55 53 65 34 NW 6i 2.20 190 CENSUS OF CHARLESTON. 1844 \ BAROMETER. THERMOMETER Highest degree. Lowest degree. Prevailing Winds. S..W Max. Min. Range 7am MEAN. 12 pm 19pm CD CD < P CC CD S ^ aq ►aS gg. r << January, 30.15 28.72 1.43 44 49 4: 60 27 NE rain 2.21 February, 30.20 29.15 1.05 45 54 49 58 30 SW fair 2.33 March, 30.25 29.07 1.18 53 59 55 66 44 S U 4.20 April, 30.35 29.12 1.23 63 36 65 82 43 E u 1.50 May, 30.14 29.30 0.74 73 79 74 86 68 S U 2.14 June, 29.90 29,50 0.40 75 81 77 87 68 SE u 1.80 July, 29.85 29.40 0.45 77 85 80 90 78 SW <; 0.45 August, 29.92 29.25 0.67 77 80 79 90 66 SW u 7.38 September, 29.99 29.40 0.59 72 77 74 86 60 NE 4.95 October, 30.05 29.04 1.01 62 72 62 80 49 NW a 1.53 November, 30.30 29.09 1.21 58 64 62 78 48 SW u 5.40 December. 30.76 29.50 1.26 48 55 52 69 32 NW « 2.50 | 1845 BAROMETER. THERMOMETER s-i: CD C- r— 1 CD o ^7 -i 1 O Q M aq aq % % -• CD g < CD CD < P SSS Max. Min. §0 MEAN • CD g CD CD CD CD CL p CD ^ p g; S.2. Oq cd 7am '2 pm 19pm 5* aq 5* aq • *5 January, 30.47 29.80 0.67 50 58 54 67 36 NW fair 3.65 r ebruary, 30.50 29.60 0.90 49 58 53 71 32 NW 1.20 March, 30.58 29.74 0.84 55 63 59 76 40 SW 2.72 April, 30.45 30.00 0.45 65 72 68 85 41 SW « 0.10 May, 30.50 29.80 0.70 67 75 69 85 50 SW u 7.62 June, 30.45 29.94 0.51 74 85 78 96 63 SW u 1.69 July, 30.36 29.92 0.44 74 82 82 93 69 SW rain 8.02 August, 30.34 30.02 0.32 77 83 79 91 65 SW fair 9.42 September, 30.33 29.81' 0.52 73 80 76 90 55 NE <6 2.27 October, 30.50 29.75 0.75 62 69 66 84 43 NE a 5.51 November, 30.45 29.74 0.41 52 61 56 75 36 NW a 0 62 December. 30.54|29.50i 1.04 41 47 44 621 20 NW rain 3.62 METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS, 191 25 192 CENSUS OF CHARLESTON CO CD se e CD -■—u rO £ rf © CO OS CM OS r- r-H CO 1C5 co r-H 00 rH CM os • i- Cl os 00 r- © CM H 1 o t- 00 CM Tt 1 r-H 00 r-H rH 00 d © id 00. 1" © Cl os rH rH © o oo r-H rH cd id cd cd 00 i" © CO © 00 iO iO Cl co o 00 r-H CM © cd vd © o 00 00 © rH r '**o t- iO oo © © Cl £ 00 r-H CO © © cd ci 00 00 © rH r— - CO 00 © CO • o 00 r-H CO © cd cd cd 00 00 © CM H (3) CM 00 CD CO 66 r-H co’ ©■ cd cd cd Pq 00 oo © rH co o oo r-H H CM io rH rH d cd Tf d 00 00 © Cl IO CD CO CO rH IO S> o GO rH CM OS l"* cd 00 • Hi Co CO 1' © co IO CM iO 00 rH CO rH r> '0 O GO I—( © 00 oo cd os sj £ • co 00 r- © Cl CO rH Jr- © iO CO © o GO rH cj os id © ci i—( oo 1- © Cl -f r™H o rH iO Cl © © 09 o on M cd d ci rH r-H rH 00 t- © rH iO O os os !>. os © CJ 00 Cl id d id c* rH 00 Jr- © t- 00 CO © 00 © CM j> o OS © Jr* d cd id 00 © Cl TT I" © © I- g G> r>. © id cd d id oo t- © CM iO O) ♦ CO 00 Cl iO rH os t- rH © 00 cd t~ id © d co od iO Co iO 00 Cl LO 1 —( Ho a> j>. © 00 d cd Cl ■**> f*H rH 00 1- © CO r- CM 00 OS 00 oo‘ id t- CO ci oo r- io os cd r- co rH oo os co r- CO i jo ”£ *-s^5 os c u as as § §0 a? -- r— gsi 4 ” o a gts I ©-2® £ 1 £ 0L, „ E? 5 GS P £ *2 as i-9 02 g < g WH h-i tH r - 1*5 £ ci 5 ® -4-> m Ph^ r-H c3 £ £ £ : <1 °£ f i r\ b2 c ' § S'S J Jtf I 5 8*S —» -H Cw _5 co c£ Ph £ ___ «*-i bJO ci O £ £ PUBLIC HEALTH. 193 Table of Mean Results, from 1840 to 1817— from Reports of City Inspectors . MONTHS. 1840. 1841. 1842. 1843. 1844. 1845. 1840. 1847. January, 46.1 52.2 53.8 51.6 45.1 52.2 47.4 51.2 February, 66.7 52.1 58.5 51.8 52.8 57.1 53.5 59.3 March, 58.7 56.1 60.6 45.8 53.8 57.0 56.4 54.5 April, 68.6 64.6 51.6 60.6 53.0 68.3 64.3 65.6 Mav, 75.4 69.3 70.0 67.7 72.6 68.3 70.0 65.4 June, 78.6 79.6 78.6 76.6 77.6 69.0 78.6 79.0 July, 76.1 79.7 74.8 77.4 78.0 76.7 77.4 75.5 August, 78.0 78.0 71.6 75.4 76.1 77,3 79.3 74,2 September, 78.6 78.3 77.6 77.3 74.3 76.3 79.0 75.6 October, 68.0 60.3 63.1 62.9 63.2 63.5 66.4 63.5 November, 56.3 60.6 53.0 57.0 61.3 56.3 59.6 64.0 December, 46.7 51.6 48.0 50.3 50.0 42.5 53.5 50.3 Mean of each year, 66.4 65.2 63.4 62.8 63.1 63.7 65.4 •64.8 The mean temperature of the atmosphere for this period of eight years was 64.3 degrees. The quantity of rain which fell during the period from 1843 to 1848 is as follows : MONTHS. 1843. 1844. 1845. 1846. 1847. 1848. January, 2.53 2.21 3.65 4.46 1.65 0.73 February, 1.28 2.33 1.20 3.78 2.80 2.73 March, 12.14 4.20 2.72 5.72 6.54 0.17 April, 0.65 1.50 0.10 2.43 0.77 2.97 May, 3.22 2.14 7.62 2.53 6.91 9.42 June, 3.59 1.80' 1.69 5.24 3.00 0.50 July, 8.96 0.45 8.02 4.32 9.26 4.73 August, 9.68 7.38 9.42 8.24 9.21 4.59 September, 8.11 4.95 2.27 3.03 4.28 4.62 October, 2.60 1.53 5.57 2.44 0.72 9.05 November, 0.77 5.40 0.62 0.56 0.72 1.67 December, 2.20 2.50 3.62 1.58 1.97 4.12 Total, 54.73 36.39 46.50 44.33 47.83 45.30 The mean fall of Rain for these six years was 45.04 inches. 194 CENSUS OP CHARLESTON. Public Health.— There is no subject more inter¬ esting to a community than this, and none which has received so little attention in this city. The only in¬ formation possessed^by the community is to be found in the annual Bills of Mortality, published under the au¬ thority of the Board of Health, by order of Council. From these we learn that in our worst seasons of sick¬ ness, the mortality has somewhat exceeded 3 per cent., while in the healthiest years it has not reached 2 per cent. But something more than this is necessary in order to exhibit fully the relative healthfulness of one place as compared with another, or as compared with itself at different periods. In the remarks which follow, an effort has been made to put the subject in a proper light.; to compare the health of the city with itself at different periods, and also with other communities; and to afford a basis for future comparisons. lit the observations and tables which have been drawn up to illustrate this subject, it has been deemed useful to separate the white from the black population, as the latter constitute a large and important class of our com¬ munity, differing in their diseases, and average rate of mortality. This has added vastly to the labor of the undertaking, but a reference to the tables will shew its importance and necessity. The tables have been drawn up, first in reference to the whole population, and then to the whites and blacks. A comparison of these show that statements in regard to the diseases and rate of mor¬ tality of the whole population vary much when com¬ pared with either class separately. In the the tables calculated, with a view to determine the relative healthfulness of the population, from the ages at death, it may be useful to state that no single one of the methods proposed by different authorities, can be considered of itself sufficient to indicate the PUBLIC HEALTH. 195 health of a people; they must be compared, the one with the other, and the deductions drawn from the whole conjoined. The materials for the formation of the tables have been drawn in part from the annual published Bills of Mortality, and in part from the obituary records for¬ merly kept by the Clerk of the Board of Health, and now by the City Register. These records can only be found from 1822, giving a period of 19 years, over which the table extends. In the effort to classify and arrange the materials furnished from these sources, much difficulty has been experienced, from the fact, that for a portion of this time these books were kept by non-medical men, and consequently diseases are sometimes reported under such strange and garbled names, that it is impossible to refer them to any speci¬ fied head, or even to determine to what general class of disease the cause of death should be referred. Under these circumstances, there was no resource but to refer all such to one head, and call them “ Unknown Causes,” hence the large number appearing under this head in some of the years. Another source of diffi¬ culty arose from the fact, that in these records, even when kept by medical men, the same disease was often registered under several different names, and different diseases under the same head: this state of things aris¬ ing from the different theoretical views of the several Clerks or Registers. Were some uniform Nomencla¬ ture adopted by the City Authorities, and all diseases required to be registered according to that system, much future inconvenience might be saved, and a valu¬ able mass of materials accumulated for any future statistical researches. The system adopted by the National Medical Association would probably be the one best adapted to this purpose. It gives abundant 196 CENSUS OF CHARLESTON. scope for the reference to some one head of all causes of death imperfectly reported. It is the one likely to be adopted by medical men throughout the United States, and permits of ready and easy classification, when required for statistical purposes. The abstracts made from the above mentioned sources, cover a period of twenty-seven years, viz: from 1822 to 1848 inclusive, and gives an aggregate of 10,919 deaths. This is an average of 737 deaths per annum, and taking the average population of the city during that period at 28,000, the proportion of deaths to the living would be 1 in 38.14, or 2.63 per 100. The deaths, however, have been divided into three periods, viz: from 1822 to 1830; from 1831 to 1840; from 1841 to 1848, for the purpose of comparison, If these periods are compared with each other, a notable dimin¬ ution of the proportional mortality will be seen. Thus: Absolute Mortality. Average per annum. Proportion to population. 1822 to 1830, 7,523 836 1 in 29.18 or 3.42 per 100 1831 to 1840, 7,666 766 1 in 39.66 or 2.52 per 100 1841 to 1848, 4,733 591 1 in 49.51 or 2.01 per 100 From this it appears that the absolute mortality of the city has decreased nearly 300 per annum, while the relative mortality has decliued from 3.42 per cent, to 2.01 per cent. For the further purposes of comparison, the deaths have been separated, those among the white and the black population being classed together. This division might have been carried still farther, and the slave population separated from the free blacks. As the latter, however, constitute but a very small class, not differing in their diseases fiom the former, this was deemed unimportant; the consideration of the causes of death, as affecting one or other class of the popula¬ tion, being sufficient for all the purposes proposed in this work. PUBLIC HEALTH. 197 If the mortality among the white population be divided into three periods, and the same be done for the blacks, the proportion to population will stand as follows: Deaths amono: Whites, Number of deaths. Average per annum. Proportion to population. 1822 to 1830, 3,447 383 1 in 32.2 or 3.1 percent. 1831 to 1340, 3,366 336 1 in 38.1 or 2.0 per cent. 1844 to 1848, 1,806 235 1 in 55.3 or 1.8 percent. Deaths among Blacks. Number of deaths. Average per annum. Proportion to population. 1822 to 1830, 4,076 453 1 i n 34.1 or 2.9 per cent. 1831 to 1840, 4,297 429 1 in 40.6 or 2.4 per cent. 1841 to 1848, 2,847 356 1 in 45.6 or 2.1 per cent. From a review of this table, it appears that the deaths among the white population has decreased in a much greater ratio than among the blacks, falling from 1 in 34.2 to 1 in 55.3 : or from 3.1 per cent, to 1.8 per cent., while in the latter class the decrease has been only .8 per cent. In a subsequent part of this report, it will be seen that a part, at least, of this decrease, arises from the less number of deaths from the Zymotic class of dis¬ eases, that class, by which the health of a population is to be chiefly decided. In the tables which follow, at the end of this chapter, the causes of death are presented in two forms. In the first series they are alphabetically arranged, showing the number of deaths from each disease in each year among the white and the black population for a period of twenty-seven years, viz: from 1822 to 1848. In the second series they are classified with some slight modi¬ fications, according to the system proposed to, and adopted by, the National Medical Association in 1848. This classification has been selected as the one which will hereafter be used in all estimates of public health, and therefore will afiord the best basis for comparing the health of one section of country with another. 198 CENSUS OF CHARLESTON. We now proceed to make a few remarks on the causes of death, as they appear in the classified tables. 1. Zymotic Diseases .—Under this head are included all epidemic, endemic, and contagious diseases. It is the property of this class of diseases to prevail more extensively at one season than another, and under cer¬ tain circumstances to become both epidemic and con¬ tagious. The relative mortality from them is supposed with some reason to indicate the greater or less degree of healthfulness of a place. The deaths from this class among the whole population amounted to 1,905; 2,314: and 937, or 25,51: 30.98: and 20.08 per cent, of all the deaths during the three periods]; showing a considerable increase of deaths from this class of causes, during the second period, and a notable diminution in the third. This large increase in the second period arose from the prevalence of Epidemic Cholera, and of Yellow Fever. The first of these caused a terrible mortality among the black population, both slave and free; the second occurred during the year 1838, immediately after the great fire of that year, which destroyed a large portion of the city, and by exposing to the action of the sun and air a large quantity of putrescible materials, proba¬ bly originated the epidemic. The deaths among the white population from this class of causes were 1,151; 1,287 : and 407, or 33,67: 38.89: and 21.86 per cent, of all the deaths, exhibiting a slight increase in the second period, and a very re¬ markable diminution in the third period, and if the deaths from this class of causes are to be considered a criterion of health, arguing an increase of health in the population. The. deaths among the black population for the three series amounted, respectively, to 754: 1,027; and 530, or 18.66: 24.73; and 18.90 per cent, of all the deaths. The cause of this increased mortality PUBLIC HEALTH. 199 in the second series, was the prevalence of epidemic Cholera, which prevailed in 1836, and expended itself chiefly upon the black population, whose habitual care¬ lessness rendered all hygienic precautions utterly futile. Subtract the deaths from this disease from the general mor tality by this class, and there will appear a remark¬ able uniformity in the percentage of deaths from Zymotic diseases in the black population. This pro¬ portion, then, would stand as follows: 1822 to 1830, from Zymotic diseases, 18.66 per ct. of all deaths. 1831 to 1840, “ “ “ excluding Cholera, 15.56 per ct. 1841 to 1848, “ “ “ 18.90 per ct. Shewing that this class of the population is but little affected by the epidemic or endemics common to our climate. Cholera, and its kindred affections, diarrhoea and dysentery, with the exception of the period when Epidemic Cholera prevailed, adds but little to the gen¬ eral mass of mortality from this class of diseases; the proportion varying from .54 per cent., the lowest to 8.12 per cent., the highest, which was during the Cholera epidemic. According to the older writers, He wet, Chalmers, Oldmixon, and others, these diseases contributed in former years largely to the general sum of mortality, and their decrease argues an improvement eithei in the climate or the habits of the people, perhaps both. Under the head of Cholera Infantum, is found a large increase of proportionate mortality, rising, among the whites, from .15 per cent, to 1.67 per cent., and among the blacks from .02 per cent, to 1.60 per cent. If taken alone, this would indicate a large increase of infantile mortality from this source. I3ut a large num¬ ber of diseases, which in former years were registered under the vague term of “Infantile,” have latterly been placed under their proper head of Infantile Cholera, as a reference to “ Infantile Diseases,” under the next class 26 200 CENSUS OF CHARLESTON. of diseases, will shew; these latter having decreased from 3.86 per cent, to 2.90 per cent, among the whites; and from 6.75 per ct, to .14 per ct. among the blacks. Fevers of all kinds, excluding Yellow, caused 365; 251; and 99, or 10.67; 7.58; and 5.31 per cent, of all the deaths among the whites, shewing a considerable im¬ provement in the mortality from this cause. Among the blacks, the proportion of deaths from fevers has remained very constant; thus the deaths were 160; 163; 95, in the three periods, or 3.95; 3.92; 3.98 per cent., evidencing considerable uniformity in the degree of their liability to the endemic fevers of the climate. From the attacks of Yellow Fever, this class is almost exempt, the deaths by that disease amountfng only to .20 per cent, in the first period, and .14 per cent, in the second period. Among the white population, the largest proportional mortality from any of this cluss of diseases arises from Yellow Fever. In the first and second series, the deaths amount to 352; and 597, re¬ spectively, being in the proportion of 10.29; and 17.48 per cent, to all the deaths from all other causes. In the third period, however, there is a rapid diminution, the deaths from this cause only amounting to .17 per cent. Yellow Fever first prevailed as an epidemic in this city in 1699 or 1700; the exact date cannot now be ascertained. According to the account given of it by Dr. Hewet, it prevailed in that year very extensively, carried off a large number of the inhabitants, including many of the chief men of the province, and was called the plague. The same disease recurred in 1703, and caused as fearful a mortality as at its previous visitation. From this period, no mention is made of its occurrence until 1728, when it again recurred, and was then first called Yellow Fever, although from the description given of the two former epidemics, there PUBLIC HEALTH. 201 can be no doubt of the identity of the last with the two preceding. In this year, also, it caused a great number of deaths. In the year 1732, it commenced its ravages in May, and continued until September or October; during the height of the epidemic, from 8 to 12 whites were buried daily. It again appeared in 1939, 1745, and 1748, and is said to have raged as severely in these years as in 1732. The number of deaths which it caused in those years cannot now be ascertained. From 1748 to 1792, no epidemics of Yellow Fever occurred, although it is stated that in 1753 and 1755, a few sporadic cases were seen. In 1792, a new series of epidemics occurred; it raged in that year, in 1794, 1795, 1796, 1797, 1799, 1800, 1801, 1802, 1804, 1807. T. he deaths from it in those years, in which any ac¬ counts are to be found, were: In 1799, 239 “ 1800, 184 In 1804, 148^ “ 1802, 96 44 1807, 162 From 1807 to 1817, a period of ten years, there was ' nearly a complete exemption from epidemics of this ^ disease. In this latter year it re-appeared, and caused 270 deaths, of which a large number were children. In 1819, it again prevailed epidemically, causing 176 deaths. In the next year it prevailed slightly, but did not become epidemic. In 1824, another serious epi¬ demic occurred, which carried off 231 persons. From this period, 1824—to 1838, no serious visitation of yellow fever occurred, although several cases of it existed in each of the years 1827, 1828, 1834, 1835. In 1838, the most serious epidemic occurred which has been known in the annals in Charleston, and causing the largest mortality which has ever resulted from the disease in this city. In 1839, it was again epidemic, but to a much less extent, than during the former year. 202 CENSUS OF CHARLESTON. From 1839 to the present time, nine years have elapsed during whidh the city has been exempt from the visita¬ tions of the scourge, and it is a question vitally import¬ ant to her interests, whether this exemption is to con¬ tinue, or whether it is but one of those pauses which have occurred at various intervals in her history. This problem can be solved by time only. No deduc¬ tions as to the future can be drawn from the history of the past. A reference to the preceding sketch will show that epidemics of Yellow Fever have occurred with such distant intervals between the periods of its occurrence, that the lifetime of one generation would scarcely be sufficient to mark the interval. There are some circumstances, however, which may afford a basis for a rational hope, that the visitations of these epidem¬ ics, so fatal to the best interests of the city, will here¬ after become less frequent and less severe. An exami¬ nation of the tables of mortality at the end of the chapter, for the pastfifteen years will show a steady and progres¬ sive diminution of the annual number of deaths, not only from all causes, but also from Zymotic diseases, the tests of health, uninterrupted save by the occurrence of Epi¬ demic Cholera in 1836, and the epidemics of Yellow b ever of 1838-9. Had the latter originated spontane- ous!y, it would argue strongly against any permanent improvement in the health of the city, but it is well known dhat in the spring of ’38 occurred the dreadful hie wInch laid nearly a fifth part of the city in ruins, and exposed to the action of the sun and air nearly 150 acres, saturated with the accumulated offscourings of nearly six hundred families, leaving cesspools, wells and cellars bare, and ready to give off their fatal emanations as soon as acted upon by the rays of the summer sun. It was not to be wondered at, therefore, that an epi¬ demic arose which exceeded in severity all that had been PUBLIC HEALTH. 203 known heretofore in Charleston. During the succeed¬ ing summer, there still remained sufficient putrescent materials exposed, in the burnt district to give rise to a second but less extensive epidemic; since which time the gradual covering of the ground with buildirigs, and the destruction of the putrefying materials, have re¬ moved the sources from which the poisonous miasms were generated, and the ravages of the disease have entirely ceased. With this exception, the general health of the city has been progressively improving, and as this improvement has occurred in conjunction with radical changes introduced into the system of sewerage and drainage, it affords rational ground for belief that this improvement is dependant upon the greater degree of cleanliness effected by the new sys¬ tem, and that a still greater degree of health may be expected from a pursuance and completion of the new measures. It may not be allowed to man entirely to remove all sources of sicknesss and death, but attention to cleanliness, ventilation, and the laws of hygiene, may place a community in such a condition as to destroy in a great degree, if not entirely, the effect of morbific poisons when introduced into their midst. Measles are reported in the earlier records of the city to have been very fatal in 1747: 1759: 1772: 1775: 1776: and from 1791 to ’96, inclusive, and also again in 1802-3. Since which last period they have caused but little mortality. In the last twenty-seven years, the deaths among the white population from this disease have only reached ,69 per cent., and this in the last of the three periods into which the tables are divided. Among the black population, it was more fatal, the proportion reaching 1.66 per cent, for the same period. This is to be accounted for rather by the greater difficulty experienced in regulating the diet, 204 CENSUS OF CHARLESTON. and degree of exposure of the children of this class, than from a greater liability to the disease. Small Pox appears also to weigh more heavily on this class of our population than on the whites: for among the former, the deaths stand in the proportion of 1.66: .92, and 1.75 per cent., while among the latter they only reach 1,03: .26, and .33 per cent, in the respective periods. In the earlier history of the city, it is recorded that in 1700 and 1717, two very fatal epidemics of small pox occurred, which carried off a large number of inhabitants, both white and black; it appeared again in 1732, but effectual precautions were taken, which prevented its extension. In 1738, how¬ ever, it prevailed epidemically and was very fatal; 2,112 persons were attacked, of whom 411, or 20 per cent., died; of these, 833 were whites, 166 of whom, or 20 per cent., died; among the blacks, 1,279 cases occurred, of which only 145, or 12.5 per cent., were fatal. At that period, therefore, the black population suffered less from attacks of this disease than the white. In 1760, it again recurred, and the deaths from it amounted to 940, only 87 deaths being recorded from all other causes during that year; the deaths from this disease bearing the frightful proportion of 91.52 per cent, to the deaths from all other causes. It again prevailed epidemically in 1763 and 1780, since which time no extensive epidemics are recorded. Scarlatina is not spoken of, in the earlier Medical records of the city, as one of the prevailing diseases, and it is generally believed to be of comparatively re¬ cent introduction; but it is more than probable that many of the deaths formerly registered under the head of “ Putrid and Malignant Sore-throat” were in reality cases of Scarlatina—of this, however, there is little cer¬ tainty. In the period comprised in the tables, this PUBLIC HEALTH. 205 cause would appear to be on the increase, since the proportion of deaths rises from 2.55 in the first series of years, to 5.33 in the last, among the white popula¬ tion, and from .87 per cent, to 1.92 among the blacks. From these tables also, it appears that this is a more latal affection to white than to black children. During the period comprised in the last series of years how¬ ever, a very fatal, although not very extensive epidemic of Scarlatina occurred, which adds much to the mor¬ tality from this cause, during that period. Diseases of Uncertain or General Seat .—Under this head has been placed one cause of death which is usually referred to the preceding class. Under the vague term 44 Fever” there have been annually re¬ ported many deaths. Circumstances which it would be out of place to detail here, arose, during the course of examination of the obituary records, which induced the belief that most of these so called 44 fevers ” were, in reality, inflammations, many of them being examples of inflammations of some portions of the nervous apparatus, others inflammations of the bowels and heart. It was therefore deemed advisable to separate this cause from the first or Zymotic class, and place it under the second, although it might more properly have been referred to the 44 non-specified causes.” The number of deaths from this, the second class of causes, has decreased from 16.95 per cent, in the first period to 12,14 per cent, in the last, among the white population; and from 23.99 to 14.23 among the black. It is probable, however, that this decrease depends rather upon a better registration of the causes of death, than upon an absolute decline of this class of causes. Many cases which were formerly registered under the vague terms of 44 debility,” 44 infantile disease,” 44 sudden death,” are now more specifically designated. 206 CENSUS OF CHARLESTON. The only cause of death in this class, in which there probably is really some improvement, is dropsy, the mortality from which has receded nearly 3. per cent. Diseases of the Nervous System .—The deaths from this class of causes is apparently slightly on the increase among the whites, more decidedly so among the blacks. This must always be expected in a progressive popula¬ tion, for in proportion to the increase of the numbers of a people become the efforts necessary to obtain the means of subsistence; the powers of mind and body are taxed to the utmost, and the nervous system, called upon for constant and unremitting efforts, is soon over¬ tasked, and a foundation for its disorders is thus speedily laid. The greater proportion which this class of dis¬ eases bears to the general mass of mortality, among the black population as compared with the white, depends upon the greater frequency of infantile convulsions, and infantile lock-jaw, among that class. To convulsions the childien of this class are more liable, from unre- stiained indulgence of the appetite, which is permitted and even encouraged by the parents. The cause or causes of their great liability to infantile lock-jaw yet remain to be discovered. Diseases of the Organs of Respiration .—The largest moitality from this class of causes arise from Consump¬ tion. Among the black population, the deaths from this cause are largest in the first series of years; among the whites, it is largest in the last. It must not, how¬ ever, be hence argued that Consumption is on the in- ciease among the whites, and on the decrease among the blacks. The white deaths from this cause give but very unceitain indications of the degree of frequency of this affection among the native population, inasmuch as many Consumptives come from more northern lati¬ tudes to this city in search of a more genial sky, and a PUBLIC HEALTH. 207 more temperate winter. Of these many die annually among us, and thus swell the list of deaths from this cause. The black tables, on the contrary, will give a much better indication of the proclivity of our native population to the disease, the liability of both races to Consumption, being about equal in this climate. If the tables of mortality of the two races be examined, it will be found that the deaths by Consumption among the blacks are rather less than among the whites ; and that the proportion which they bear to the other causes of death, is nearly equal in the last two series of years; a little higher in the first. This greater rate of mortali¬ ty in the first series, depends upon the occurrence of epidemic hooping cough, in this series of years, which in the black population terminates in Consumption much more frequently than in the whites. Leaving out the first series therefore, the proportion which Con¬ sumption bears to all other causes of death would be about 14. per cent, for our native population. Diseases of the Organs of Circulation .—The deaths from this class of causes would appear from the tables to be rather on the increase, but this is more apparent than real. Many deaths which were formerly register¬ ed under the vague terms of debility, sudden death, fever, &c., are now referred to their proper head, viz : disease of the heart, either acute or chronic, hence the apparent increase of this class of causes. Diseases of the Organs of Digestion .—This class of diseases, the most fertile of deaths in Southern cli¬ mates, would also appear from the tables to be some¬ what on the increase—the proportion rising from 8,34 to 11.71 among the whites, and from 9.12 to 12.69 per cent, among the blacks. This also arises, chiefly, if not entirely, from a change of nomenclature. Many deaths formerly registered as u fever” are now put down 208 CENSUS OF CHARLESTON. to “ Enteritis,” and many cases formerly termed “ infan¬ tile” are now registered as “teething.” Hence the increase of these two classes of causes, and they alone more than make up the difference in the proportion between the first and the last series of years. Diseases of the Urinary Organs .—These constitute but a small portion of the general mass of deaths. Gravel and Inflammation of the Bladder, are the most frequent of the disorders appertaining to this class. Diseases of the Organs of Generation .—The largest number of deaths from this class of causes arise from Child-birth. The proportion which they bear to all the causes of deaths, is apparently pretty uniform in the three series of years, the difference being too small to admit of comment. Diseases of the Organs of Locomotion .—This class bears so small a proportion to the sum total of deaths, that no especial observations upon it are required. Diseases of the Integumentary System .—This is also a very small class of causes, which requires no especial remarks. Deaths from Old Age. —There is so much vagueness in the use of this term, that it is scarcely justifiable to deduce any positive conclusions from the proportion which these bear to the deaths from other causes. It appears from the tables that a larger proportion of deaths from Old Age occur among the black than among the white population. This result is confirmed by a refer¬ ence to the tables at the end of the chapter, in which it will be seen that a larger proportion of blacks die over 70 years of age than whites. In the censuses of 1830, 1840, and 1848, the number of blacks who reach the higher ages far exceeds the whites; the results, there¬ fore, which appear in the tables, are probably correct, and a greater number of blacks die of Old Age than PUBLIC HEALTH. 209 whites. The pause of this is obvious; a slave past the age of labor is supported in ease and comfort by the master, who has had the benefit of his early days of toil and labor. With no doubts, fears or anxieties as to his future subsistence, with warm clothing, abundance of food, and a good habitation, the superannuated slave leads a life of ease and comfort, which prolongs his existence far beyond the “three score years and ten” allotted to man as the duration of his existence. Deaths from External Causes .—The deaths from this class of causes are chiefly by Intemperance and Acci¬ dents, From the former of these causes, although slightly decreased, the deaths are still sufficiently nu¬ merous to be a cause of sorrow and shame to us. From a general view of all the causes of death, it appears that the deaths among the white population 1822 to 1830. 1831 to 1840. 1841 to 1848- By Zymotic diseases, were 33.67 38.89 21.86 “ Sporadic “ “ 54.70 51.21 64.27 “ Old Age and External Causes, were 11.63 9.90 * 13.87 100.00 100.00 100.00 The deaths among the black population 1822 to 1830. 1831 to 1840. 1841 to 1848. By Zymotic diseases, were 18.66 24.73 18.90 “ Sporadic “ “ 68.67 64.19 70.15 “ Old Age and External Causes, were 12.67 11.08 10.95 100.00 100.00 100.00 The deaths among the whole population 1822 to 1830. 1831 to 1840. 1841 to 1848. By Zymotic diseases, were 25.04 30.90 20.07 “ Sporadic “ “ 62.76 58.38 67.76 “ Old Age and External Causes, were 12.20 10.72 12.17 100.00 lOfl.OO 100.00 Taking the deaths from Zymotic diseases as an index of health, it appears from these tables, that although there was a considerable increase of deaths from this 210 CENSUS OF CHARLESTON. class of causes in the second series of years, yet in the third there was a far greater diminution. The cause of the increase in the second period has already been ad¬ verted. If these tables be now compared with the tables, pages 196-7, it will be seen that they confirm the evidences there brought forward of the progressive improvement of the health of the population. The Different Sexes .—If the tables marked E, at end of chapter, are examined, it will be perceived that, taken collectively, the deaths among the male popu¬ lation exceed those among the female by 2,314, or nearly 12. per cent. If each series of years be exam¬ ined separately, the proportion is as follows: 1822 to 1830. Deaths. Average. Proportion. Males, 4,250 472 56.46: = 100. : or 129.67 Females, 3,273 364 43.54 to 77.12. to 100. Totals, 7,523 836 100.00 1831 to 1840. Males, 4,395 439 57.31 : = 100. : or 134.25 Females, 3,268 327 42.69 to 74.49. to 100. Totals, 7,663 766 100.00 1841 to 1848. Males, 2,485 311 52.54= = 100. : or 110.71 Females, 2,248 281 47.46 to 99.33. to 100. Totals, 4,733 592 100.00 This appears to be a large disproportion, the male deaths exceeding the female in the proportion of 29. per cent., 34. per cent., and 10 per cent., respectively, in the three Series of years. If the same tables are examined in a similar manner, separating the deaths according to races, the propor¬ tion is as follows: PUBLIC HEALTH. 211 WHITES. 1822 to 1830. Deaths. Average. Proportion. Males, 2,248 249 65.01=100. : or 191.28 Females, 1,199 134 34.99 to 52.88. to 100. Totals, 1831 to 1840. 3,447 • 383 100.00 Males, 2,242 224 66.67= 100. : or 200.04 Females, 1,124 112 33.33 to 49.99. to 100. Totals, 3,366 336 100.00 1841 to 1848. Males, 1,069 134 56.78= 100. : or 131.36 Females, 817 102 43.22 to 76.12. to 100. A Totals, 1,886 236 100.00 BLACKS. 1822 to 1830. Deaths. Average. Proportion. Males, 2,002 222 49.01 = 100. : or 96.01 Females, 2,074 231 50.99 to 104.04. to 100.00 Totals, 4,076 453 100.00 1831 to 1840. Males, 2,153 215 50.11 = 100. : or 100.44 Females, 2,144 214 49.89 to 99.56. to 100. Totals, 1841 to 1848. 4,297 429 100.00 Males, 1,416 177 49.72=100, : or 98.88 Females, 1,431 179 50.28 to 101.13. to 100.00 Totals, 2,847 356 100.00 It appears from this comparison that the causes of death are much more active, in proportion, among the male whites than among the male blacks; the propor- 212 CENSUS OF CHARLESTON. tion of male deaths among the whites exceeding the female in the proportion of 91.: 100.: and 31. per cent, in the three series. Among the black population, on the contrary, the proportion of deaths in the two sexes is very nearly equal in two of the series, the female even slightly exceeding the male. If, however, the mortality of each sex and race be compared with the numbers living of each, it will be found that although the deaths among the female blacks, in some years, numerically exceed the male, yet they are relatively less, as compared with the number living of that sex. For the purpose of illustrating this fact, three tables have been prepared. In the first, the mortality has been compared with the number of each sex living of the whole population. In the second and third, the same calculations have been made for the white and the black population. The years 1830, 1840, 1848, have been selected as those in which the numbers of the population were definitely ascertained, within the period comprised by the tables of mortality. Whole Population, In 100. In 100. Exc’s 1830-Males, 1.91. Females, 1.41—.50 1840 “ 2.74 “ 1.67-1.07 1848 “ 2.65 “ 2.27—.38 __ , lj n. lin. Ex’s Males, 52. Females, 70—18 “ 36 “ 68—32 “ 38 “ 44— 6 In 100. 1830-Males, 1.99. 1840 “ 2.70 1848 “ 2.25 White Population, In 100. Excess Females, 1.30—.69 “ 1.18-1.52 “ 2.01—.24 I in - 1 in. Ex’s Males, 50. Females, 77—27 “ 36 “ 85—49 “ 38 “ 49—11 In 100. 1830-Males, 1.88. 1840 “ 2.79 1848 “ 3.23 Black Population, In 100. Excess Females, 1.61—.27 “ 2.05—.74 “ 2.58—.65 1 in. Males, 54. “ 36 “ 31 1 in. Ex’s remales, 67—13 “ 48—12 “ 39— 8 These tables shew the truth of what was stated above, that the causes of death are more active among the males of both races, than among the females. It PUBLIC HEALTH. 213 exhibits the fact, moreover, that a much greater dis¬ parity exists in the proportional mortality of the sexes among the whites than among the blacks. Season .—The influence ot season upon mortality is marked in all climates, especially in Southern. For the purpose of illustrating this fact, the tables marked E, at end of chapter, have been formed. In order, however, that this point may be more clearly brought to view, the following abstract has been made from them, which exhibits the effect of season upon the Number of Deaths. In each 100 there were in 1822 1831 1841 1822 1831 1841 MONTHS. to to to to to to 1830 1840 1848 1830 1840 1848 January, 537 530 381 7.14 6.92 8.04 February, 472 442 334 6.26 5.77 7.05 March, 484 457 376 6.43 5.96 7.94 April, 493 423 373 6.55 5.52 7.88 May, 600 443 385 7.98 5.78 8.14 June, 779 643 466 10.36 8.39 9.84 July, 847 738 425 11.26 9.64 8.97 August, 803 886 442 10.68 11.56 9.34 September, 851 1218 414 11.31 15.89 8.75 October, 662 893 434 8.80 11.65 9.20 November, 532 540 352 7.07 7.05 7.43 December, 463 450 351 6.16 5.87 7.42 Totals. 7523 7663 4733 100.00 100.00 100.00 the whole population, the largest proportion were in September, in the first two series of years, while in the third, June offered the largest proportion. In the last series, there is a remarkable uniformity in the pro¬ portion of deaths, the highest month, June, exceeding the lowest month, February, only by 1.79 per cent. For the purpose of comparing the influence of season upon the mortality of the two races, the following tables have been constructed. 214 CENSUS OF CHARLESTON. White Population , Number of Deaths. In each 100 there were in 1822 1831 1841 1822 1831 1841 MONTHS. to to to to to to 1830 1840 1848 1830 1840 1848 January, 245 219 151 7.10 6.50 8.01 February, 206 159 138 5.98 4.72 7.32 March, 199 169 129 5.76 5.02 6.84 April, 198 170 143 5.73 5.05 7.59 May, 233 157 130 6.76 4.66 6.84 June, 328 243 190 9.54 7.22 10.08 July, 355 305 181 10.29 9.06 9.60 August, 391 445 164 11.34 13.22 8.70 September, October, 487 329 630 428 174 157 14.12 9.57 18.72 12.72 9.23 8.33 November, 265 251 172 7.69 7.46 9.13 December, 211 190 157 6.12 5.65 8.33 Totals. 3447 3366 1886 100 . 00 ) 100.00 100.00 Number of Deaths. in each 100 there were in 1822 1831 1841 1822 1831 1841 MONTHS. to to to to to to 1830 1840 1848 1830 1840 1848 January, 292 311 230 7.17 7.23 8.07 February, 266 283 196 6.53 6.59 6.88 March, 285 288 247 6.99 6.90 8.67 April, 295 253 230 7.24 5.77 8.08 May, 367 286 255 9.01 6.65 8.95 June, 451 400 276 11.07 9.30 9.69 July, 492 433 244 12.07 10.07 8.57 August, 412 441 278 10.12 10.26 9.80 September, 364 588 240 8.91 13.65 8.43 October, 333 465 277 8.15 10.81 9.73 November, 267 289 180 6.55 6.72 6.32 December, 252 260 194 6.19 6.05 6.81 Totals. 4076 4297 j » p 2847 100.00 100.00 100.00 — r ——^ wuico it appears in a among the white population in the first two series September offered the largest proportional mortality, while in the last series June rose highest in the scale Among the black population, July and September offer¬ ed the largest proportional mortality in the first two series, and August in the third. This differs but little from the results obtained by a comparison of the mor¬ tality among the whole population, and justifies the con¬ clusion that the four months from June to September PUBLIC HEALTH. 215 are most fruitful of death, in both the white and colored laces. February, with one exception, has always been the healthiest month. The ages at death*— This is a most important element in estimating the comparative mortality of a population, as compared either with other places or with itself at different periods. The tables marked /*, at the end of the chapter have been arranged to shew the mortality at different ages, of both the white and black population—the males being also sepaiated from the females. There are several methods of applying the deaths at specified ages to the purpose of calculating the comparative lon¬ gevity of any people. Tables have therefore been ar- langed according to some of the most approved methods of applying this element to the calculation of the chan¬ ces of life. These tables will be found interesting in many points of view. They are the first ever calcula¬ ted for this latitude, based upon the ages at death of the resident population; all insurancies upon life having been hitherto effected upon tables calculated for the British population, or the population of Northern cities. First Method. —This consists in determining the proportion of all the deaths that occur at specified ages. The subjoined fables are constructed on this method* They shew the per centage of deaths which have occurred at all ages, from birth to 100 years, in the three periods into which the twenty-seven years have been divided. The first table shews the per cent¬ age of deaths at specified ages for the whole popula¬ tion. 28 216 CENSUS OF CHARLESTON, Whole Population. Number of Deaths In each 100 there in the periods. were in. AGES. 1822 1831 1841 1822 1831 1841 to to to to to to 1830 1840 1848 1830 1840 1848 Under 1 year 1173 1003 820 15.59 13.09 17.32 From 1 to 5 U 983 936 761 13.07 12.21 16.08 “ 5 “ 10 u 304 323 168 4.04 4.21 3.55 “ 10 “ 20 a 453 561 281 6.02 7.32 5.94 “ 20 “ 30 u 980 1119 508 13.03 14.60 10.73 “ 30 “ 40 u 1094 1084 525 14.54 14.15 11.09 “ 40 “ 50 u 763 807 467 10.14 10.53 9.87 “ 50 “ 60 u 576 603 343 7.66 7.87 7.25 “ 60 “ 70 u 515 496 324 6.85 6.47 6.85 “ 70 “ 80 u 361 390 255 4.80 5.09 5.39 “ 80 “ 90 u 219 219 198 2.91 2.86 4.18 “ 90 “100 u 65 97 63 .86 1.27 1.33 Over 100 u 37 25 20 .49 .33 .42 Totals. 7523 7663 4733 100.00 100.00 100.00 By this table it will be perceived that the proportion ol deaths under 1 year have increased from 15.59 to 17.32 per cent.; ol deaths over 1, but under 5 years, from 13.07 to 16.08 per cent.; or an increase of infant mortality of 4.74 per cent, since 1821. This fact be¬ ing ascertained, it then becomes interesting to enquire whether this increase ol infant mortality has occurred among the white or the black population, and with a view of determining that point, the tables which follow have been arranged. White Population. Number of Deaths in each 1UU there in the periods. were in AGES. 1822 1831 1841 1822 1831 1841 to to to to to to 1830 1840 1848 1830 1840 1848 Under 1 year 314 262 204 9.11 7.79 10.82 ■From 1 to $ u 361 312 283 10.47 9.27 15.00 “ 5 “ 10 a 124 111 60 3.60 3.30 3.18 “ 10 “ 20 a 164 181 67 4.76 5.38 3.55 “ 20 “ 30 a 641 732 248 18.60 21.75 13.15 “ 30 “ 40 u 661 702 299 19.18 20.86 15.85 “ 40 “ 50 a 424 391 227 12.30 11.62 12.04 “ 50 “ 60 u 269 248 148 7.80 7.37 7.85 “ 60 “ 70 a 258 179 144 7.48 5.32 7.63 “ 70 “ 80 « 143 152 118 4.15 4.52 6.26 “ 80 “ 90 u 76 82 75 2.20 2.44 3.98 “ 90 “ 100 ti 10 13 13 .29 .35 .69 Over 100 u 2 1 0 .06 .03 Totals. 3447 3366 1886 100.00 100.00 100.00 PUBLIC HEALTH. 217 Black Population . Number of Deaths in each 100 there m the periods. were in AGES. 1822 1831 1841 1822 1831 1841 to to to to to to 1830 1840 1848 1830 1840 1848 Under 1 rear 859 741 616 21.07 17.24 21.64 h rom 1 to 5 66 622 624 478 15.26 14.52 16.79 66 5 “ 10 66 180 212 108 4.42 4.93 3.79 66 10 “20 66 289 380 214 7.09 8.84 7.52 a 20 “30 66 339 387 260 8.32 9.00 9.13 a 30 « 40 66 433 382 226 10.62 8.89 7.94 66 40 « 50 66 339 416 240 8.32 9.68 8.43 a 50 “ 60 66 307 355 195 7.53 8.26 6.85 66 60 “ 70 66 257 317 180 6.30 7.42 6.32 66 70 “ 80 66 218 238 137 5.35 5.54 4.81 u 80 “ 90 66 143 137 123 3.51 3.18 4.32 a 90 “100 66 55 84 50 1.35 1.95 1.76 Over 100 66 35 24 20 .86 .55 .70 Totals. 4076 4297 2847 100.00| 100.00 ioo.ooI From this comparison it will be seen that the increase of infant mortality, remarked in the table for the whole population, has fallen almost exclusively upon the white population, the increase being 1.74 per cent, for chil¬ dren under 1 year, and 4.52 per cent, for children from 1 to 5 years, nearly 6 per cent.; while in the black popu¬ lation there has not been an increase of 1 per cent, for all ages under 5. An examination and comparison of these tables also shew another interesting fact, that the largest number of deaths among the whites occur be¬ tween the ages of 30-40 years; while in the black population the tenure of life is least secure under 1 year of age, and between 1 and 5. Second Method. —This consists in ascertaining the proportion that survived specific ages of all that die. The tables that follow, to illustrate this fact, are calcu¬ lated first for the whole population, and then for the whites and blacks respectively. The last three columns of the upper portion of the table contain the propor¬ tion surviving specified ages calculated for the popula¬ tion of London, Carlisle, and Boston. 218 CENSUS OF CHARLESTON. Whole Population . AGE SURVIVING 1 822 to 1830. 1831 to 1840 1841 to 1848. London Carlisle Boston. At Birth, 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 Surviving 1 year, 84.41 86.91 82.68 68. 84. 79.20 U 5 U 71.34 74.70 66.60 42.6 68. 53.38 U 10 u 67.30 70.49 63.05 37.3 64.6 48.92 a 20 u 61.28 63.17 57.11 32.5 60.9 43.63 a 30 u 48.25 48.57 46.38 27.2 56.4 31.92 u 40 u 33.71 34.42 35.29 21.2 50.8 21.80 u 50 u 23.57 23.89 25.42 14.7 44. 14.83 a 60 u 15.91 16.02 18.17 9.6 36.4 9.95 u 70 u 9.06 9.55 11.32 5.2 24. 5.77 u 80 u 4.26 4.46 5.93 1.7 9.5 2.08 a 90 a 1.35 1.60 1.75 .2 1.4 .29 a 100 u 0.49 0.33 0.42 AGE WHITE POPULATION. BLACK POPULATION. 1822 1831 1841 1822 1831 1841 to 1830. to 1840. to 1848. to 1830. to 1840. to 1848. At Birth, 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 Surviving 1 year, 90.89 92.21 89.18 78.93 82.76 78.36 a 5 U 80.42 82.94 74.18 63.67 68.24 61.57 u 10 U | 76.82 79.64 71.00 59.25 63.31 57.78 C( 20 U 72.06 74.26 67.451 52.16 54.47 50.26 a 30 « 53.46 52.51 54.30 43.84 45.47 41.13 a 40 u 34.28 31.65 38.45 33.22 36.58 33.19 u 50 u 21.98 20.03 26.41 24.90 26.90 24.76 a 60 u 14.18 12.66 18.56 17.37 18.64 17.91 a 70 66 6.70 7.34. 10.93 11.07 11.22 11.59 u 80 66 2.55 2.82 4.67 5.72 5.68 6.78 a 90 66 0.35 0.38 0.69 2.21 2.50 2.46 u 100 a 0.06 0.03 0.86 0.55 0.70 By examining the above tables, it will be perceived that for the whole population, 84.41 per cent, survived 1 year in the first period, 86.91 in the second, and 82.68 per cent, in the third, while 71.34: 74.70: and 66.60 per cent, survived 5 years, in the three periods re¬ spectively, shewing an increase of infant mortality in the third period. It next becomes a matter of interest to enquire upon what causes this increase depends, and whether they are such as will probably permanently increase the mortality of the earlier periods of life. The increase, it will be seen, fell chiefly upon the white population. By a reference to the tables marked a and 6, at the end of the chapter, it will be seen that a large mortality occurred during a portion of the period of 1841-48, from Scarlet Fever. During a por- PUBLIC HEALTH. 219 tion of this period, two epidemics of Scarlatina occur¬ red, which of course increased the mortality of those years for all ages under 10, That the increase of mor¬ tality at this period of life was due to this cause, and this only, is evident from the fact, that the increase has fallen entirely upon the white population, the blacks escaping, as they are less liable to attacks of this dis¬ ease. This fact was remarked, and commented upon, in the observations on Zymotic diseases. Were there any causes permanently at work to increase the mor¬ tality of children, there should have been an increase in the second period, viz: 1831 to ’40, whereas there is absolutely a diminution from the first to the second peiiod, both among the whites and blacks, the increase being only in the third period. By comparing the tables for the white and that for the black population, it will be perceived that there is an immense disparity between the proportions which survive the first year in the two races, the numbers being 90 per cent, for the former, and only 80 per cent, for the latter. The cause of this immense dispropor¬ tion may easily be ascertained by a reference to the tables marked a and b , at the end of the chapter. It will be there seen, that from the disease popularly known as “ infant’s lock-jaw,” (trismus nascentium,) the number of blacks dying was 150: 169: and 220: in the three periods: while the mortality among the whites from the same disease amounted only to 16 as the aggregate of the twenty-seven years. A large portion of the infant mortality of the blacks, therefore, occurs in children under one month. Were the deaths from this cause separated from all the deaths under one year occurring in this class, the mortality among them would scarcely exceed that among the wdiites. A further comparison of the tables for the black and 220 CENSUS OF CHARLESTON. white races, will shew that up to the age of thirty, the proportion of whites surviving is much greater than that of the blacks; but at forty years, the proportion sur¬ viving of the two races becomes nearly equal. From this age, the proportion of blacks surviving, gradually rises over the proportion of whites, so that at the age of 90, among the blacks, the proportion is the same as at 80 years for the whites. •/ For the purpose of comparison, the three last col¬ umns of the table of the whole population surviving specified ages, has been filled with the proportion sur¬ viving each of the specified ages in London, Carlisle and Boston, as stated in the tables published by Mr. Simpson, Mr. Heysham, and Dr. Shattuck. If the numbers in the last column of the table for the whole population, be compared with the numbers in the three columns containing the London, Carlisle and Boston tables, it will be seen that the proportion per cent, who survive is greater in Charleston than in London or Boston, but less than in Carlisle. If, now, these tables are compared with the proportions of whites and of blacks surviving specified ages, it will be seen that the proportion of whites surviving is much greater for all ages than in London or Boston, and greater than in the Carlisle tables up to the age of thirty; from this age upwards, the numbers in the Car¬ lisle tables exceed those in the tables calculated for the white population of this city. If the numbers in the tables for those cities be also compared with the num¬ bers in the tables of the black population, it will be seen that the latter exceed those of London and Boston, but fall short of the numbers of the Carlisle tables up to the age of 90, when the proportion of blacks surviving exceeds that of all the other tables. The probable causes of this extreme extension of life among the blacks have been already alluded to. PUBLIC HEALTH. 221 Third Method.— By ascertaining the proportion per ct. of persons surviving specified ages, but who die before the next specified period. The subjoined tables, e, f> gi P a g es 222, 223, 224, have been constructed on this plan. They are calculated first for the whole population, then for the whites and blacks separately. In the first three columns of the upper part of these tables will be found the number surviving each speci¬ fied age for the whole population, and for the whites and blacks respectively, and in the lower first three columns, the proportion per cent, dying be¬ fore the next period. These tables are obtained by dividing the number that died between two specified ages by the number that survived the first specified age; thus, for example, in the first period, in table y, page 223, it will be seen that 3,133 survived at the age of 1 year, and of these 361 died before arriving at the age of5 years; dividing the latter by the former, gives 11.52 as the per centage of deaths, and according, in the lower part of the table, 11.52 appears as the per centage of deaths at that age. In the 4, 5 and 6th columns of the upper part of the tables, will be found the number of years of life enjoyed by those that lived and those that died at each specified age, calculated for the whole population, the black and the white, in the several tables. 222 CENSUS OF CHARLESTON. Whole Population . e. AGE. N umber surviving and dying Number of years of life en- . joyed by the surviving and the dying. 1822 to 1830. 1831 to 1840. 1841 to 1848. 1822 to 1830. 1831 to 1840. 1841 to 1848. Under 1, Dying under 1, Surviving 1, Dying before 5, • Surviving 5, Dying before 10, Surviving 10, j Dying before 20, Surviving 20, ! Dying before 30, Surviving 30, Dying before 40, Surviving 40, Dying before 50, Surviving 50, Dying before 60, Surviving 60, ! Dying before 70, Surviving 70, Dying before 80, Surviving 80, Dying before 90, Surviving 90, Dying before 100, Surviving 100, 7,52: 1 , 17 : 6,35( 98: 5,36" 30^ 5,06: 45c 4,61C 98C 3,63C 1,094 2,536 763 1,773 576 1,197 515 682 361 321 219 102 65 37 * 7,66: s i,oo: ) 6,66( 1 936 7 5,724 t 32c 1 5,401 561 4,84C 1,119 3,721 1,084 2,637 807 1,830 603 1,227 496 731 390 341 219 122 97 25 i 4,73c 5 82C ) 3,913 761 3,152 168 2,984 281 2,703 508 2,195 525 1,670 467 1,203 343 860 324 536 255 281 198 83 63 20! 230,1 U 58( 229,53i 2,45' 227,07* 2,286 224,79£ 6,795 218,006 24,50C 193,50C 38,29C 155,210 34.335 120,875 31,680 89,195 33,475 55,720 27,075 28,645 18,615 10,030 6,175 3,855 5 237,9 U 3 50] 1237,41' 1 2,346 ) 235,07*] ) 2,322 > 232,755 ) 5,415 227,340 29,975 199,365 37,940 161,425 36,315 125,110 33,165 91,945 32,240 59,705 29,250 30,455 18,615 11,840 9,215 2,625 3 143,842 410 1 143,432 ) 1,902 141,530 1,260 140,270 4,215 136,055 12,700 123,355 18,375 104,980 21,015 83,965 18,865 65.100 21,060 44,040 19,125 24,915 16,830 8,085 5,985 2.100 AGB. In each 100 surviving there died before the next specified age, Average age of those who sur¬ vived each specified age. 1822 to 1830. 1831 to 1840. 1841 to 1848. 1822 to 1830. 1831 to 1840. 1841 to 1848. .Birth to 1 year, Surviving 1 year, “ 5 “ “ 10 “ “ 20 “ “ 30 “ “ 40 “ “ 50 « “ 60 “ “ 70 “ “ 80 “ “ 90 “ “ 100 « 15.59 15.48 5.66 8.94 21.25 30.13 30.08 32.48 43.02 52.93 68.26 63.72 100.00 13.08 14.05 5.64 10.36 23.11 29.13 30.60 32.95 40.42 53.35 64.22 79.50 100.00 17.32 19.44 5.32 9.41 18.79 23.91 27.96 28.51 37.67 47.57 70.46 75.90 100.00 30.59 36.15 42.31 44.40 47.29 53.31 61.20 68.18 76.81 81.70 89.22 98.33 104.19 31.05 35.66 41.07 43.09 46.97 53.58 61.21 68.37 74.12 81.68 89.31 97.05 105.001 30.39 36.66 44.90 47.01 50.33 56.20 62.86 69.79 75.70 82.16 88.67 97.41 105.00 PUBLIC HEALTH. 223 White Population . AGE. Number surviving and dying. Number of >years of life en¬ joyed by the surviving and the dying. 1822 to 1830. 1831 to 1840. 1841 to 1848. 1822 to 1830. 1831 to 1840. 1841 to 1848. Under 1, 3,447 3,366 1,886 112,599 109,908 63,004 Hying under 1, 314 262 204 157 131 102 Surviving 1, 3,133 3,104 1,682 112,442 109,777 62,902 Hying before 5, 361 312 283 902 780 707 Surviving 5, 2,772 2,792 1,399 111,540 108,997 62,195 Hying before 10, 124 111 60 930 832 450 Surviving 10, 2,648 2,681 1,339 110,610 108,165 61,745 Hying before 20, 164 181 67 2,460 2,715 1,005 Surviving 20, 2,484 2,500 1,272 108,150 105,450 60,740 Hying before 30, 641 732 248 16,025 18,300 6,200 Surviving 30, 1,843 1,768 1,024 92,125 87,150 54,540 Hying before 40, 661 702 299 23,135 24,570 10,465 Surviving 40, 1,182 1,066 725 68,990 62,580 44,075 Hying before 50, 424 391 227 19,080 17,595 10,215 Surviving 50, 758 675 498 49,910 44,985 33,860 Hying before 60, 269 248 148 14,795 13,640 8,140 Surviving 60, 489 427 350 35,115 31,345 25,720 Hying before 70, 258 179 144 16,770 11,635 9,360 Surviving 70, 231 248 206 18,345 19,710 16,360 Hying before 80, 143 152 118 10,725 11,400 8,750 Surviving 80, 88 96 88 7,620 8,310 7,610 Hying before 90, 76 82 75 6,460 6,970 6,3/5 Surviving 90, 12 14 13 1,160 1,340 1,235 Hying before 100, 10 13 13 950 1,235 1,235 Surviving 100, 2 1 0 204 105 00 In each 100 surviving there Average age of those who sur- died belore the next specified vived each specified age. AGS. age, 1822 1831 1841 1822 1831 1841 to 1830. to 1840. to 1848. to 1830. to 1840. to 1848. Birth to 1 year, 9.10 7.77 10.81 32.63 32.65 33.41 Surviving 1 year, 11.52 10.05 16.82 35.92 35.36 37.39 “ 5 “ 4.47 3.97 4.28 40.23 39.03 44.45 “ 10 “ 6.19 6.71 5.00 41.77 40.34 46.11 “ 20 “ 28.80 29.28 19.41 43.54 42.18 47.76 “ 30 “ 35.61 39.70 29.19 49.49 49.29 53.26 “ 40 “ 35.87 36.67 31.31 58.36 58.70 60.79 “ 50 “ 35.48 36.74 29.71 65.83 66.64 67.77 “ 60 “ 52.76 41.92 41.14 71.81 73.41 73.48 “ 70 “ 61.90 61.29 57.28 79.41 79.47 79.42 “ 80 “ 86.36 85.41 85.23 86.59 86.56 86.47 “ 90 “ 83.33 92.85 100.00 96.96 95.71 95.00 “ 100 “ 100.00 100 .00 1 105.00 105.00 29 224 CENSUS OF CHARLESTON. Black Population . Si AGE. Under 1, Dying under 1, Surviving 1, Dying before 5, Surviving 5, Dying before 10, Surviving 10, Dying before 20, Surviving 20, Dying before 30, Surviving 30, Dying before 40, Surviving 40, Dying before 50, Surviving 50, Dying before 60, Surviving 60, Dying before 70, Surviving 70, Dying before 80, Surviving 80, Dying before 90, Surviving 90, Dying before 100, Surviving 100, AGE. Birth to 1 year, Surviving 1 year, 5 U U C6 « U u u u « a u 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 “ 80 “ 90 “ 100 “ a u © rr< r.v 1840 noouooc©oooo©cDn‘ © —' © © l“! 1839 C* lr- © ©^©i— i©OtJhj>i—igOGGCO 1838 J ^ffiOnOGGCOCHOtNHOOOOtCN 1837 | CO C* 00 —i © ~ © © r —I m ^ o © © © CO 1836 CO CO © «C©CCOO©©CCOr-i © 1835 © CO © ©I— 1 ©©|—iCOlWWONOhO 1834 i OnrpGOOGr-iOOOOiOCDO-OCOiO 1833 C* LQ 1-1 !—■t r—t © OO^COOCrHH 1832 j ®®MNO)OwriOnOO^^rlOnO(MO 1831 t-OGGOGGOOGO.-ir-.GC* ’'T C* Total * t-^’O^^OiOGGG'Nr'r- HTjl© 1830 | n c " o c* ©goo© © © CO CO r—I lo H’ CO c* c* 1829 co c* ©©©©©.—<©©©.—I©© ©rH OiCOCriOCOOOGOOODiOO 1—i i—1 |g 27 | 00 ^ © oi © © ©" © co co iOOihNOOOOMO © c.'} 1825 © © tj. rH © © © rH © © © o 5 © © © © CO 1824 © TO rn O c c G rH c* rH © © © rH © •CO 1823 CO i- rH rH o © © © © rH © © © rH CO © © © © © rH 1822 rH © H rH © © © © © G © ° ao 0 * CO © © © © ° c* t I 1 « i • t t i • 1 « • ft • I ft • H < w ft fc c xn H XTt P •r* P t»r £-4 03 8 o - _r t» 03 c /3 ° .8 a aj «- Vi Vi QJ O .P © - O w o c ■© ta © O d- r« © o _ o •f pfn G. O * c o • P“4 73 O £ = E '£ o © C3 ©3 «J £ © g n r 8 D ■*“« m* k -4 o a © v- o © 3 * 4 -» a. o .2 n I Vi O v: „ Vj q ^ o -> C -F — t» , ►*%£-( iT ^ Q •— © *C g © 1 _ - s © ©~ © a © ~tj 5 ■- H H rr H, Ww ^ W _/ _1 . r—i —, V_/ ^ H. — j * C3 C5 *<<<1- CD TO © ° 00 G - G 1847 1 ° o — 1 TO Tp 00 TO G TO G CM hP TO G G G 1840 1 ° O TO G O © © c rH G G TO TO G G TO G G G O 1839 o r—I TO © © TO r-H © rH © © © 1833 o rf rH © © cn IO © © ° L- GO © © GO © CQ rH © rH N 1832 o o t- 0$ © © © G (N © pH © 00 CN © e- rH 1831 o cc rH CO rH © Tt' ° G © CO rH rH © © © © © rH © rotal © t" rH pH rH © © Tf © G rH © © © N (N ° (N rH CN 1829 iO co N w rH CO © Gu I “ Bilious, - * * * * • • « <*. ‘m— ~ > -H C3 »h ^ CT p ** 7* O ~~ r* © 03 c t 2 f ^ ^ ^ ^ N* V* >4 Causes of Death — Continued , WHITES. 236 CENSUS OF CHARLESTON. Total ! ohooi 1 W ® N CO i-h CO i—t 1 1848 j IQI—lOOlCf-iOOOOOOOr^COOOi—trTGNj 1847 j ”wOo^coc6oo6o©ocooiom| 184b -'oooioocr^ooooocoor-.o^^r^ 1845 | r ^'- < ©©'TTOOOOOOOOCOOOOC^COTf 1844 £ ow rc r - 1 ~" HOOOOOOC '* orHOO ’" HrH l 1843 | w | ©©CC ,t QOGOOOOOOOr-tQOQi—t co CO 1 1842 | OOf-iQO'^OOOOOOOrti—i(MOOr-tCOCvlJ 1841 ooooiocoooooooooooocoio^l rotal AjWWGOWOfflOOOWrtrHC.QOrHr-lffirj'QC lO H H 1> CO CO ^ 1840 r-r — r-HC000C0C0©©©©©©©^© O r-lr-li0 CO i— < 1839 r 1 © © C3 © *0 CO U ■—> <—> r —1 © © 1 — i © © © 1 -H (—1 ^ ] I-H r—1 CO 1 —< 1838 rtrto^a>wooo©©o©TO©6o^^o5 CO lO CO 1837 | MOOoW«CO©c6MO^©MC(MrPO 1836 j C^©>©©^©©©©©CO©©r-.OOrHr^CC)CO 1835 j OOO©C0W'T©O©o©OOC©OrHf-ia0 1 CO 1834 M OH©(MriOOOCOOOrtiMOOO^i> 1833 | ©r-,r-<©GO-*©©©©©©©co©©©© TC co 1832 | ocoohwoooooomwooohocoI 1831 ©cocoior-icoooooonwooscorH Total , OriOTO!NHWHr(rtOO©Hri«D^C5’dlol rH 1-t IO H IO M it CO 1 1830 -—'©I—i to co f-i r-i o f-H i—< © © © © © i—lOriwo cc 1829 1 oono^^oooooooHrtnMTjiHH - - ' - . . pH 1 1828 | o^ooott^ooooooooo^^oo:| 1827 | OCrlOi'TOWOOOOOOOOrHCCOOr-ll © r— ( 1826 ©©©©I—'COO©©©©©©©©© H- © © © © © 1847 © © l-H © © © © © © © © © r-H © © CM © © © © © 1846 l-H m ■« O O © © © 2123 © (- © O © © © © © © © 1845 © © © © © © © © © © © © CM © © © © © 11841 --- © © r-H © © © O © © © rr t-H r-H © l-H © © © © © © 00 © © © © © © O © r-H © © r-H © © CM © © - © © j 1842 j © © © © © © © © r-H H © © © r-H Pi © © © © © i 1841 | © © © © r-H © © © © r-H © c< © © CM CO r-H © rH O © rotal co 1840 j OOr-iOOOOOtQOCSfOOO'OJOOOOO 1839 1838 j w r-H o o © © Olcc~H ooo^coooooo !>> -*V O W © O © O © 1837 '-‘Oooooooc^Oi-HOrH^wooooo 1836 j <: '2©©©©o©©©©C'i©rHOCO©©©©© 1835 r^r^—z © © © © © i—< © r-H (N —I O O O O 1834 ©© 1 —1©©0©© -HO(NOOr-H(MOOOOO t*H 11833 —- ©©©©©©©O 1 O © t'* © r-1 © *—•©©©©,© OOGOC'OOCDOCOOOOOGOOOG loot ' OGOiOOOl— . ooooo rotal 1830 aoooooooooiociooojccc'jooo© lO CO h © o o © o o’ O lO ©©©r-nr-H©©©©© 1829 j 2 !=> '~ hc=> ©©©©©oooo-ho?-hoooo 1828 | 00c ^©©©©ooooooooooooo 1827 ! 00r_l ©©©©0(0fooooocoooooo -- ! 1826 | © © © © o ooooooooor-io©©o© 1 fN) 1825 © © © © ©OUJOCOOOOOOOOOO 1824 I ©©'-'©©©©oio©oooor-Hi>o©©oo _!_co 1823 ! ©©'-'©©ooo o o co~© o of© - ©"© © © © t-H 1822 H H s Q h O co W ■ji < 00 © ©0©©©CD©©©©i-Hi—I r-1©©©© CO 3 • *5 os K O J § in © cS -~ a> o ©, I o o o ©, o in ' c- o G o • rH H—> a M £ e s O 3 Sir „ * •* »h .2.2 g, es CO ~ o '2 3 s 3 aj , r-*~» • to CU (■-. o ~ 3 CO .2 ■e. ^ oT w .2 :5 ;£ c nS bjD © SP ~ 5 5 ? 2 C> ^ «-th C3 ~ f . ’* ^ es qj aj 3 *c ^GOCa.cLiLeLCLfl s „ ~ S co ro ~ ’fi 3 .2 5 to 3 -G O QQ CL V; • ct c 05 g > § § •£ £ e Gc *aea.y.-3G3 _ 3 O 3 «.» Causes of Death — Continued. WHITES. CAUSES OF DEATH. 239 Total t"^oioo^Hoo°c) 0 ooortriHT}.o “ r—l 1—1 1—1 GO rH 1848 j r-(r-l©r^TH(^0©GSJ©©©©C^0©©©©© 1 - r-( 1847 00< =>©r-tC'*00r-l0000r-l0©t-G©0 1 r " H r-H 1846 '-'©©©j>©©Or-IO©©©©©©i-Hr-Hr-l© ._ r-H 1846 j ^°o©TO©co©©©o©©r-ioo»o^oo 1844 l —’®ooo©r—1 ©©©©!—iog^ojc^© 1843 j <^co©^ioo©©©©©©of©©r-(rHr -(0 J r-H Total 1 ©©Gi>--<©roO0*©r-l©a0r-'<0r-< M"" 1 ^ T-H r-H r-H ' r-H 1840 | C3 GV © r—i CO © i— lOOOOOHOfocjsQp. i,—| 1839 |00000000-0000«0000«-„ 1838 r ^<^©o©©©©©©o©.-Htt)©o©©r-i© —-- r-H 1837 r-i©©©Tt©©©©©0©i-H©0©©GNf©0 OJ 1836 ^ W o©©oooo©oooh©©cohh© r-H 1835 I oooo^oooooooooooc^ooo r-H 1834 j COOOGOOOOmOOOhOOOGOOOO 1833 j ©©0©--l©t-©©©©©o©©©0ir^0© 1832 I OOOOOOirjOOOr 1 OriO© 0lOHHO r-H 1831 - I C^©©©CQ©©©©©0©(?3^0©t>©r-,© • r-H Total j ^®°w^©o©©(MowroQowr-it-©Q D © l 1—1 cot^co r-ir-H on 1830 CSi ©©©'^©'?T'©©0©©r-HO©r-(OiO^_ (0 1829 r - | (NO©^©©©©r-.©o©^-i©©o©©©' r-H 1828 ' Cr - | ©©ro©^©©'-<©©©cv t ©>©o}©o}o 1 r— i 1827 Wr-ioo^oiooooorto^oocoorto 1826 © rH © lO r-(©COOOOO«IO)©©©©©r-1© 1825 | OHOOOr-l©^©©©©o 04 CO 00 no 04 1845 j «H O © r-H © © © © © © © © o ci rH ICO H lo> 1844 j o o © © © © © © r-H © © © 00 s © loo 00 1 r-< 1843 | r-i o © CO © © © © © © © © rH rH 04 cc H i-H c> 1842 I o © © r-H © © © © © © © ° Ci 2 rH i© IS 1841 1 © © © CD © © © © © © © © CO o 04 © 1 Ci no \Cl Total | i> CO 1 ■h UO © © © r-H © © © iQ Cl rH CO CO to CD CD CO |co 1840 1 1—1 © © CO © © © © © © © © -p lO Cl CO LO Cl 1839 1 r— 1 © 1 © rH © © © © © © © O CO 3 rH H CO -T 1838 1 © 1—1 © © © © © © © © o WO £2 Ci o 1837 CO © o CO o © © © © © © © rH 1- c* CO Is 1836 rH o © o r-H © © © © © © © rH Ci 8 o rH is 1835 O T-H © © o © © © © © © O 3 Cl © 1 r~ o CO 1834 © © r-H © © © rH © © © rH rH o CO GO o CO 1833 © © © o r-H © © © © © © © rH o Cl Cl o rH co ■CO Cl 1832 © © CO © o © © © © © © rH H IS © © no Cf 1831 CO © r-H © © © © © © © £ 00 i'- 0> Total CO CO CO © CO © © © r-H © CO rH S £ © CO t- H H l W 1830 1—1 1—1 © © CO o © © © © r-H © ° CO 3 © CO Ci II 1829 o © CO © © © r-H © ©~ "©” ° LO o CO CO s CO 1828 1—1 1—1 r-H © © © © © © r-H © © 00 no CO © X CO 1827 © r-H © © © © © © © © © *-■ c* CO CO © Cl X CO 1826 © © © © © © © © © CO © © rH rH CO © rH —H CO 1825 © o © © © © © © © r-H © ° i CO no CO © CO W0 CO 1824 © O r-H r-H © © © © © — © ° 1 rH CO © rH Cl CO © 1823 © © r-H © © © © © © © CO © Ci H CO © Ci H CO 1822 © © © © © © © © © r-H © © © Cl H ° f CAUSES OF DEATH. Trismus Nascentium, Tumour, Ulcer, Unknown, Urethra, Rupture of “ Stricture of Urinary Fistula, Uterus, Disease of Vaccination, Violence, White Swelling, - Wounds, Specified Causes, Non-Specified Causes, | Grand Total, - Causes of Death — Continued, BLACKS. CAUSES OF DEATH. 241 Total I COrtOh^OHCOOOHCQ^OQi>WOCOH * W_Q0jN rH r —h 1848 j W«05 NOOOhOO6nOC)NOOOTOh 1847 o^oor^woorHoooooor-Hc^oooio 1846 j OC^J>^OOf-n^HOOOOOCOr-iC^OOO(b} 1845 I — i-rfrt^iDOOOOOOOOOOtO^OOCOCQ 1 . i-H 1844 OC< 03 rHOOOOOOOOO^W-.CNO^o 1843 j owTO^^ooooo^oc^iOrH^ooo^ 1842 1 r-iOiOCOOOOOOOOi—ir-HOOOOOOr-H rH «-H 1841 | r-i^uOTfOOOOOOOOr-MOrHOOOrHrH Total 1 i— OOOOOOOOHHC<>TtiOO'^Oi>i-i 1836 -•^^‘OOOOOOOOOrMlOr^OOOrH-. 1 ’— 1 1—1 j 1835 OO i-H i>F-l 0$ 1830 CO'^GOC^OOOOOOOOrfi—lOi—iO O Oj'N rH 1829 | C^CO'^t-OOOOOOOOGDCOOrHOOiOr-) — 1 N |1828 | oocn!o^ooooooc5oocoooooooco rH C\f 1827 j ^ © i> © © © wO©©con©©©©coo _ . ._ rH 1826 j Cbi>OOOOOOOOGDCCOOOO03O CO (1825 O^iOCOOOOOOOOOO^rHOOOOO^i I “ H 1—1 1824 ( ^^^^oooooooocboooortt-rH' 1 CO 1823 COOOi-iCOOOOOrHOOOQDi-iOOOO^CO T " H . rH 1822 1 ^oo^csjooooooooonHOoooo^ I to 1—1 © g a ° , , 3 2 d o ^ r-? •—< cr? § 'S C © „ © hH o .2 ®> tfUQja Gj —H ^ •—* 1 O ^ Q- P S3 S © &c 2 v c c c is .a _s o %H o © Cu . S3 Pi © 03 , 03 (X) © b© > ° ~’ m O c -£= - — r °r**H£jFo'f I Sy •<— I — H O H H 3 fH C3 d d «gj< © l-O lO © © © o 406 105 © OJ CO © © © © 1848 O* © CM © © © © © © © © ° 1840 o © or © © CO © © © © © CO Tt* lO pH © © Tfl iO © © © 1839 o © © © © © © OJ e- © © © 1833 ° © © © © O* © © rH © © © H © © oj © © © © 1 BLACKS. B 1832 © © pH O © © © © pH © © © LO 00 © © Oi © © © 3 to 1831 ° © © © © © © CO © © © © m © © © © ° © © 3 Total © rH rH © © pH 00 O 00 (0? ° © 646 rH O OJ 2 19 © CO pH oj © 1830 ° pH OJ © © PH or © iO © © 00 Tj< L-C pH © © i> rH *H © © ° OD to «C 8 1829 ° © © © © © © CO © © © iO © oj © iO CO CO or © © 1828 © © CO © © © rH © © OJ 00 or © © 3 o 1827 © © © © © © rH © CO © © OJ © OJ © oj OJ © OJ © ° © 1826 © CO © o © OJ © CO © © © © CO oj © © i> pH © © © 1825 © © t- © © © rH © pH iO rH © © © 1824 j ° © e- © © © © © or © © © rt 1 m 1 OJ oj CO CO pH © © © 1823 © © © © © © pH © rH © © © QD © CO © © © © or © CO © 1822 © © CO © © © © © c- © © LO © O rH iO CO pH © © © • CAUSES OF DEATH. Cancer Uteri, - Chicken Pox, Child-bed, Chlorosis, ICholera, Asiatic 1 “ Infantum CO 3 h o s N» Chorea, - Colic, - Colitis, - Constipation, Consumption, - Convulsions, Coup de Solid, ' Cramp, - Croup, .... ■Debility, - 4 •s l" <© CO lO 00 0)0? © O) o o rH 1840 1" © CO 1—1 (Of CO i'HHOONOOHCCOO rH rH © © 1839 O) 00i*0 ^ —1 rO'OOOiOOOOQOiOO'-H I—H O) o o o CD 1838 o O) © © rH lO r-H lOOOOOhhOOiOCO^ i—1 rH rH o o 1837 CO CO CD O) o CO 2 0 0 0 .0 1 0 0 5 6 1 6 o 1-H © CO cr* • 1836 i CO 1 r-H ©OOOOCOOOTfCOOTf rH rH rH o CO o 8 o 1835 lO CO r* Tf CO f 0 8 8 0 1 o | 8 0 0 0 0 l o o o o 1834 (M rH d) r# LC t}< 0)000^00?000^©hh i“H rH o rH O 1 U2 L> HH 1833 0 O t- (N i—i CO 2 0 0 0 0 4 0 0 : 6 4 1 7 o r-H © to e < 65 1832 o CO rH rH CO? rH CCOOOOCOf-HOCONO^ rH o O) o CO Q M pq 1831 o (0) —i 03 O) CO 1-H C rH 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 11 5 0 1 o CO r—l Co 'sJ r-o 1829 * 43 4 1 1 COOOOOOOOO^OLO r-H o o o - « o 1828 VO GO O O O) 00 1 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 6 0 3 CO o 1827 lO lOOOO! LO 6 0 0 0 0 t' 0 0 7 0 0 r o CO © ) 1826 lO CO © O' lO lO COOOOOOOOOCOOO o CO © 1825 | o 0)0 0 0? CO COHOOOooooocDOTft o iO © 1824 | CO t'- O O I—1 CO ^ooooooooaooi> o or© 1823 | CO oo o o O) COOOOOi— HO©©ir-©T^ ____r-H ©“ CO © 1822 t- 0300^ lO Hooooooooo?©© i-H O? o CO © CAUSES OF DEATH. {Diarrhoea, - - - Dropsy, - - - “ of Chest, - - “ “ Head, - - Drowned, - - - Dysentery, - - - Dyspepsia, Elephantiasis, - - - Empyema, - - - Enteritis, ... Epilepsy, - - - Erysipelas, Executed, - - - Fever, - ... “ Bilious, - - . “ Brain, - - - “ Catarrhal, “ Congestive, - . “ Country, - - - “ Inflammatory, - Causes of Death — Continued . BLACKS. 244 CENSUS OF CHARLESTON. Total I 0r-tc0003c0000000©i00 o'ofo r-1 CD 1 "'t SO CO 03 CO 03 (03 1848 | O ri O O CO 03 O O © O O O O lO CO O (©"rf 03 H 1847 j wOC000030000000CBi—lOOOrtCO 1846 | 00003c0r^00000000000i0030 1845 j 000c0c0030000000l''c00003c0r—( 1844 | OOOO03OOOOOOOO--h»0OOt}Hi0O 1843 1 CDOOiO — iOOOOOOOOi-iQOOi-t03rJH03 |™H rH 1842 | ooooco^oooooooo3codo^o3>-i 1841 j O000c0l-0000000r-ir^0'-i03 03 0 Total ^o®aooHOOH 0 ob»oo rTo co~co W *> I—1 03 r-M^ 1840 OrHOOCOCOOOOOOOOi—iOOOrHT^i—(‘ 1839 ® OOCOiOvjii—'000000030000000 1838 I—I000i003'!f000000i—103000303 0" r*H rH 1837 00000a00000r^00r^0000030 1836 O^OChiMOOOOCOOiOWOOOdBH 1835 000003i>r-.000000i-<^00i-d0i-H0000003c00003’^>-H 1833 | OOOCOOOOOOOOOOCOOOO Pn o 1832 | OOOOiOOOOOOOOOOrH^Or-MrHrfO 1831 j r-t00030000000000c0000'^o" Total | I nooio^o3aooooooocoooop3oiMi ^ ^3 CO 1830 | 1—lOOiOiOOr-MOOOOOOi—tiOOr-ICOOO 1829 | ddooifo^Moooooooo3r-toi-toi-irH 1828 | ooooHo3oooooooooo"o3dcoo 1827 | rHooooioo3ooooooboor-(oioo 1826 | oooouoaiobbbooobobob^r-.' 1825 | ^000 0 0000000000000^03 1824 j ._I OOOOOOIOOOOOOOOOOO OiOO ( 1823 | ® o o o oo io o o o o o o o o o oo o os o 1822 j ®ooocooooooooooooooo3o H H Q Pm Q m H ◄ C5 0) s- 03 Ui 03 > o U* a S3 J-t 0) OJ -*-» s s 3 0) Pm 05 > C S' • • co _T2 ^ *• h •« a? tig. 3 O v. *j is » M f3 Pm Pm 03 "jP 03 > a CD _ I v* 'A H «-H O • >• T - ' I_. r . o 03 03 c3 03 03 .Q -3 _r bC 23 3 03 3 c3 Pt- O 03 3 eS O O O , ©> © © Ol OJ r —1 © © r—tOOrHOOOr—| © 1847 r—n vj* CD CD CD lO Cu^ O CD r-H CD CD •^D CD ^D ^ 1846 | O) © ^ O CO ; O O i—i O O © O © © Gv © 1845 | CQ lO © © © CQ © 1—1 © © © r-H © !—H © © © © (HQ 1844 | '—^ 0 ©©©©©r—l©r—I©r-I©©l©©i©©—H© 1843 | CO O w O w O O ^ O O © © © © © © © © © 1842 | ^©©©©©©CG)©©©©©©©©©©^,© 1841 <© UO r-H ©) CD r-H r-H r-H ©> CD CD r"H ©> <© ©> CD ©> ©> ©> <© Total C^^©© 05 ^Q 0 ( HQ OO ^ jl0 ©© c ^©©©© ( _^ 1840 ©©©©©C^TOi—i©©©©©©©©©^,,—> <—, 1839 © © © © © © CQ © ©> © © © © r_| © © ^ ^ 1838 ^ ( >mJ CD i lO 04 CO CD CD CD r-H ^D ©3 r© <*© 1837 CQ © ^ © © CO CO 1 " © © © © © © © © © © © © 1836 (^©©©©OJOJiq©©©©©©©©©©©^ 1835 NOOOOTfH^OOQOCOCOOOC> © 2834 © 13 ©©C^}i—ii^?C©©t— 1 —h©©©©©©©© 1833 © 1 >©©©©C 0 iO©©©©©©©©©©©© 1832 | r_l ©©©©t'-©j>©<©©©©©©©©©©© 1831 i-Hl^©©©©C^Tf©©©rH©©rH©©©©© Total i—lr-H©C 0 ©lO'^—l©©rH©©©(J^ r -l©©©© —4 CO H lO 1830 i—•i“i'oOJ©©c^©©© r —i©>©©©©c>©©© 1829 ©^©©©© 1 —ijfH©©©©©©©©©©©© 1828 r-ILO ©©©©—. ^©©©©©©©rn©©©© lO 1827 | ^OOHO©MHO©©rtOOrHOOOOO 1826 | ©l'-©©©Ttl©-^©©©(HQ©©©©©©©© 1825 C 0 G 0 ©©©©C 0 G 0 ©©©©©©©©©©©© 1824 *- ©C 2 ©©©©©CC©©©C 0 ©©rH©©©O© 1823 © © © © pH CO CO © © © CQ © © © © © © © © 1822 1 (NC©OO©C 0 WOOOmC©©OO©©© H < W Q O O co W IO 3 u rS , £P © 5 tUD © cJ Q t r-{ © O o bD'o SCO §•30 £ co *h B OSS CO — O hHMH WM C ^ illM M M M e3 rS Oh O 0 ) S C3 O " r-> Oh O «r8 o >=? c P ai - •* -H .ts o-.S ® £ «> “ 0)0 CO -4-J '*—) c c c © %■* C _r H-H Q. 3 ■ C O -4 -• O- o o CO 3 co CO 3 Oh O d £ £ d <© o 3 Oh O O CO o o • -—1 X3 c 3 d l”S & 8 t/T © ^ 6 IJ® -h 0 3 0 ° C >•» 'S d © *H 3 •- O Ch 3 „ © © CO © bn c o- O 3 CO © hT bfi ^ c o o Ph (o' d bG’3 » U-H J S Causes of Death — Continued. BLACKS. 246 CENSUS OF CHARLESTON Total ^C£Oror-©©©© (Of .—I 1841 HOOOOOCCOCIOMOOH.OOHOO Total C\t-M(0f^©r-i©©©©rH^©O?©!O>r-lr-Hr-l(OJ '-(CO i> CO CO CO 1840 j ^©©^©©©©©^©^©©©co©©©© 1 CO 1839 MOnOOOOOOrtHMOHCOhOCOO OJ 1838 ©lOCrHOOOCOr-iooOOOlOO©©© co 1837 lO © © © © r— iOCChOOCO'^COOCOO CO 1836 CONO©OOOOOpmCiOOOO©OOhO 1 1(0 rH 1835 r-il-OM(joOOOi>OC0©O(MWOO©O 1834 | CCHHOOOOOHCCOOrirtOOCOO CO rH 1833 '-•©©©©©©©©■^©ao©©cocO!©©©r-, 1832 ©©©©©©©©©©©OJO©i> ©' CO©©GO^f©©©© CQ 1829 0©©r^©©00©©©©©©r-Hn-t©0©© i-Q 1828 CNOOWOOOOCHOcOOOiOr-iOOOO 1827 >—1©©©>©©©©©©©©©0©0}©©©© 1826 I ° ° ° o © o © © © © © io ©©^^©©©© 1825 j oooooo©oooon©oiCHOO©o 1824 ^ o © © © © © © © © i-©i-©©^»o©^©rH CO 1823 j oochoooocoowooo^oooo _I_ CO __ 1822 ° ® ©r^©©©©©^©^ © © t* r-< © © © © a H S 0) ... 3 co 35 r t» © gf o J2 b£ eT gi is 2 s -5 -5 §-£ § 21H *s £ a ?_ ce *-. ^ ©! s— P© 33 S c^3 S Cti 0.0 O 3 3 © > S Q3 ^5 CD .2 £ O 2 £ *3 S P si s P Cm Qh 3 o © o co 3 P3 O - 02 1 P •. «. O) 22 co o o. S 22 to O .3 •(-H r—« i—< — o o CP Ph CP © Causes of Death — Continued . BLACKS. CAUSES OF DEATH. 247 Total | -^^<2°£;^ 00c '' :)C> ro.-ior2or-i©'cv f ^, :? i lC r-< r-< hWH 1848 | r " H ® ^ * ,r ” < cioooooi—(oooo>—i 10 c co 1847 j TF 0^3 Or-^oOOOO'r-tiOQOO CO 1846 Or-Ht-HiOococot^or-ioooooooi-Hccci 1845 | oocooor-toooooooooor-^£fo~c 1844 | o o ph o o o o o o o o o'o o o o o j>^T^T 1843 |~orow og^ooooooc.oo o~o-|pirc5 1842 | o^^oocoooooooooooo^- 1841 I °OCOOi—IrHO OOOOOOOr-l©© r^Tco"!? — 1 -—___CO Total I I w ^ iQ CO CO CO 1840 I 0,-lr ~ <0r - H! ^ ) o--iOr-Hoooooooo cTir - co 1830 | ®^sooojooor-Hoooo o'o~o © m 1838 co oocooooooocoooooo o o o~o" 1837 | ©©^--hooooooooo^ ^ ^ ©'©“^ r~ CO 1836 ococQr— ioi-hoooooooooo o - co"co cc 1835 ooccooccooor—looooooor— '^ J, ^ooc30i-*^oooooooooi>0'^ -! — ---h i—i 1827 | oc<~oooo^oooo M-oo^o O r^Ho 1826 J Or-HOOO^rtOiOOOOOrJHOCNOr^OCQO 1825 j O-^O^COt-OOOOrH^o ©o ®o©f ---- * r-H 1824 <^i>ctr-<,-n > ooooooc?o ^To’h o o 1823 | orrvUww^wTitooo©W© Tf) Tfl gq^H F-h Eh X o ~CU 0 '"O 03 ~ fcX) - —■ -5 3 -a M) 3 248 CENSUS OF CHARLESTON. Total ° 1 220 rH CO CO rH © rH 05 © © rH O CO ci to 28471 1848 © © C5 o rH CO © © O © © © © © 00 o CO TO r**4 CO 1847 © 00 05 i—i © © © © © © © © © © o CO CO © © CO CO 1846 ° C5 CO © © © © © rH rH © o © 1832 © o I—1 © rH 05 rH © © © © © © © PH 00 05 Cl 5 SO co s 1829 © 05 © CO 05 © © O rH © © © ° 453 <75 VO VO H 1828 © lO rH 05 © © © © © © © © © vO CO H © VO CO tp o 1827 © © rH © © © © © © © o rH © © H Cl H © ’-H Cl TP 1826 © rH 0> H rH © © © 0 0 0 j r-H O ° CO VO tP © CO VO tP 1825 © rH rH © © © © © © © © © © © I 00 H © t- X Tp 1824 © 00 rH © © © © © © © © rH © ° i 1> Cl H © Cl tP 1823 J ° 05 © 05 05 © © © © © 05 rH © CO CO H <75 VO CO Tp 1822 © © © rH rH 05 © © © © © © 05 ° 1 C5 (75 C5 C5 TP CAUSES OF DEATH. Tic Doloureux, Trismus Nascentium, 1 umour, Ulcer, Unknown, Urethra, Rupture of “ Stricture of Urinary Fistula, Uterus, Disease of Vaccination, Violence, - White Swelling, - Wounds, Specified Causes, Causes not specified, Grand Total, ... CAUSES OF DEATH. 249 Abstract of Causes of Death in Charleston ~ WHITES. c - Classified . Number of Deaths in the CAUSES OF DEATH. periods. In each 100 there were in 1822 to 1831 to 1841 to 1822 to 1831 to 1841 to 1830. 1840. 1848. 1830. 1840. 1848. All Causes, 3,447 3,366 1,886 Specified Causes, - 3,418 3,312 1,862 100.00 100.00 100.00 i. Zimotic Diseases, 1,151 1.287 407 33.67 38.89 21.86 Sporadic Diseases. n.Of Uncertain or General Seat 579 399 227 16.95 12.04 12.14 m.Of the Nervous System, 391 374 239 11.44 11.29 12.84 iv.Of the Organs of Respiration 547 523 423 16. 15.79 22.73 v.Of the Organs of Circulation, 8 29 37 .23 .87 1.99 vi.Of the Digestive Organs, 285 320 218 8.34 9.66 11.71 vn.Of the Urinary Organs, 9 2 4 .26 .06 .22 vm.Of the Organs of Generation, 26 31 30 .76 .93 1.62 ix.Of the Organs ofLocomotion 17 14 13 .49 .42 .70 x.Ofthe Integumentary System 8 5 5 .23 .15 .27 xi.Of Old Age, 159 137 156 4.66 4.14 8.38 xii.Deaths from External Causes, 238 191 103 6.97 5.76 5.54 Totals. 3,418 3,312 1,862 100.00 100.00 100.00 Cholera, - 10 78 1 .28 2.35 .06 “ Infantum, 5 31 31 .15 .95 1.67 Thrush, - 8 6 4 .23 .18 .22 Croup, - 43 29 44 1.26 .88 2.36 Diarrhoea, - 46 18 18 1.34 .54 .97 Dysentery, - 45 57 23 1.32 1.73 1.24 Erysipelas, - 4 5 3 .12 .15 .17 Fever Intermittent, 6 8 30 .17 .25 1.56 “ Remittent, 307 200 44 8.98 6.04 2.37 “ Typhus, 52 43 25 1.52 1.29 1.35 “ Yellow, 352 579 3 10.29 17.48 .17 Hooping Cough, - - 51 23 26 1.49 .69 1.40 Influenza, - 81 89 32 2.37 2.69 1.71 Measles, ... 18’ 14 13 .54 .42 .69 Scarlatina, - 87 99 103 2.55 2.99 5.53 Small Pox, - 35 8 6 1.03 .26 .33 Syphilis, 1 0 1 .03 .06 Totals. 1,151 1,287 407 33.67 38.89 21.86 11. Abscess, - 17 13 9 .49 .38 .49 Atrophy, - 4 11 10 .11 .36 .53 Cancer, - 21 18 16 .61 .54 .85 Debility, - 167 77 31 4.8S 2.32 1.66 Dropsy, - 174 128 73 5.09 3.86 3.92 Fever, - 6 57 9 .18 1.75 .48 Gout, - 6 1 2 .18 .03 .10 Haemorrhage, - 22 15 13 .64 .45 .69 Infantile Diseases, - 131 66 54 3.86 1.96 2.90 Mortification, - 5 5 4 .14 .15 .21 Scrofula, - 11 6 4 .33 .18 .21 Sudden Death, 12 0 0 .36 Tumor, ... 3 2 • 2 .08 .06 .10 Totals. 579 399 227 16.95 12.04 12.14 250 CENSUS OF CHARLESTON. Abstract of Causes of Death—Continued. WHITES. c CAUSES OF DEATH. Number of Deaths in the periods. In each 100 there were in 1822 to 1830. 1831 to 1840. 1841 to 1848. 1822 to 1830. 1831 to 1840. 1841 to 1848. III. Apoplexy, - Chorea, - Cephalitis, ... Convulsions, - Delirium Tremens, Epilepsy, Hydrocephalus, Insanity, Paralysis, - Tetanus, - Brain, Diseases of - 69 1 2 199 2 6 5 18 39 3 47 67 0 14 94 27 49 16 17 27 14 49 61 0 10 56 4 3 11 14 32 17 31 2.02 .03 .06 5.83 .06 .17 .14 .53 1.15 .08 1.37 2.02 .42 2.84 .82 1.48 .48 .51 .82 .42 1.48 3.29 .54 3. .21 .16 .59 .75 1.71 .92 1.67 Totals, IV. Asthma, - Bronchitis, - Consumption, Hydrothorax, Laryngitis, - Pleurisy, - Pneumonia, - Quinsy, - - - [of Organs of Respiration, Diseases 391 9 1 490 11 0 12 23 0 1 547 0 0 8 374 8 6 431 47 0 7 17 0 7 239 6 1 340 36 1 5 23 0 11 11.44 .27 .02 14.34 .32 .35 .68 .02 11.29 .25 .18 13.01 1.42 .21 .51 .21 12.84 .33 .05 18.26 1.93 .06 .27 1.24 .59 Totals, V. Aneurism, - Pericarditis, - [of Organs of Circulation, Diseases 523 4 0 25 423 6 4 27 16. .23 15.79 .11 .76 22.73 .33 .21 1.45 Totals, VI. Colic, - Dyspepsia, ... Enteritis, ... Gastritis, - Hernia, - Peritonitis, ... Teething, ... Worms, ... Organs of Digestion,Diseases of Hepatitis, - Jaundice, - Liver, Diseases of - Spleen, Diseases of 8 20 10 28 1 3 0 87 41 0 70 23 0 2 29 16 8 68 27 3|' 7 112 19 1 48 8 3 0 320 37 11 7 49 28 3 1 81 7 2 18 9 2 0 218 .23 .61 .28 .82 .03 .08 2.54 1.20 2.04 .68 .06 .87 .48 .25 2.05 .82 .09 .2l| 3.38| .56 .031 1.45 .25 .09 1.99 .59 .38 2.63 1.50 .17 .06 4.35 .38 .10 .97 .48 .10 Totals, 285 8.34 -1—- 9.66| 11.71 CAUSES OF DEATH. 251 Abstract of Causes of Death—Continued, WHITES. C CAUSES OF DEATH . Number of Deaths in th( periods. In each 100 there were i n 1822 to 1830. ; 1831 to 1840. 1841 to 1848. 1 2 0 0 1 1822 to 1830. 1831 to 1840. 1841 to 1848. vii. Diabetes, ... Cystitis, . Gravel, . Nephritis, . Urinary Organs, Diseases of C 4 4 1 0 C c 1 1 0 .11 .11 .04 .0 c .02 .06 .10 .06 Totals, VIII. Child Birth, ... Puerperal Fever, - Paranemia, - _ - [of Organs of Generation, Diseases 9 22 1 2 1 2 21 2 2 6 4 18 2 5 5 .26 .64 .03 .06 .03 .06 .63 .06 .06 .18 .22 .97 .11 .27 .27 Totals, IX. Rheumatism, ... Bones, Diseases of - Hip, “ - Spine, “ « _ 26 17 0 0 0 31 10 1 1 2 30 7 0 0 6 .76 .49 .93 .32 .02 .02 .06 1.62 .38 .32 Totals, X. Fistula, _ Ulcer, - Purpura, ... Skin, Diseases of - 17 1 3 0 4 14 ‘ 0 4 0 1 13 1 0 0 4 .49 .03 .09 .11 .42 .12 .03 .70 .05 .22 Totals, 8 5 5 .23 .15 .27 XI. Old Age, . i 5 b 137 156 4.66 4.14 8.38 xn. Burns and Scalds, - Drowned, - Executed, - Hydrophobia, Intemperance, Killed Accidentally, “ by Design, - Poisoned, . Suffocated, - Suicide, - Fracture, - Wounds, ... 2 46 0 2 113 42 7 2 3 18 2 1 1 40 1 0 90 30 0 1 8 11 4 5 1 29 2 1 40 16 1 1 0 10 0 2 .06! 1.34 .06 3.30 1.24 .20 .06 .09 .53 .06 .03 .02 1.20 .02 2.72 .90 .02 .02 .25 .36 1 .12 • 15| .06 1.56 .11 .05 2.15 .86 .05 .05 .54 .11 Totals, 238 191 103 6.97 j -1 5.76 5.54 XII. Causes not specified, 29 54| 24 252 CENSUS OF CHARLESTON. Abstract of Causes of Death—’•Continued. BLACKS. D CAUSES OF DEATH. Number of Deaths in the periods. In each 100 there were in 1822 to 1830. 1831 to 1840. 1841 to 1848. 1822 to 1830. 1831 to 1840. 1841 to 1848. All Causes, 4,076 4,297 2,847 Specified Causes, 4,047 4,153 2,804 100.00 100.00 100.00 i. Zymotic Diseases, 754 1,027 530 18.66 24.73 ' 18.90 Sporadic Diseases. u.Of Uncertain or General Seat 971 728 399 23.99 17.54 14.23 m.Of the Nervous System, 598 601 545 14.80 14.45 19.44 iv.Of the Organs of Respiration 751 744 574 18.56 17.92 20.47 v.Of the Organs of Circulation 4 11 33 .09 .27 1.18 vi.Of the Digestive Organs, 370 500 356 9.12 12.04 12.69 vn.Of the Urinary Organs, 5 4 8 .12 .09 .28 vin.Of the Organs of Generation, 42 46 37 1.03 1.11 1.32 ix.Of the Organs of Locomotion 28 20 10 .69 .48 .36 x.Of the Integumentary System 11 12 5 .27 .29 .18 xi.Of Old Age, xu.Deaths from External Causes, 362 340 227 8.94 8.19 8.09 151 120 80 3.73 2.89 2.86 Totals, - 4,047 4,153 2,804 100.00 100.00 100.00 Cholera, - 8 339 5 .20 8.12 .18 Cholera Infantum, 1 44 45 .02 1.06 1.60 Croup, - 49 39 45 1.22 .94 1.60 Diarrhoea, - 41 17 8 1.02 .41 .28 Dysentery, ... 32 34 24 .79 .82 .86 Erysipelas, - 1 3 1 .02 .08 .03 Fever, Intermittent, 3 2 6 .08 .05 .21 “ Remittent, - 83 82 27 2.05 1.98 .96 “ Typhus, 74 79 62 1.83 1.90 2.22 “ Yellow, 8 6 0 .20 .14 Hooping Cough, 131 64 62 3.23 1.54 2.22 Influenza, - 148 153 92 3.66 3.68 3.28 Measles, - 33 31 33 .82 .75 1.18 Scarlatina, - 35 74 54 .87 1.81 1.92 Small Pox, - 67 38 49 1.66 .92 1.75 Syphilis, - Thrush, - 2 0 2 .05 .07 38 22 15 .94 .53 .54 Totals, - ii. Abcess, - 754 1,027 530 18.66 24.73 18.90 18 11 6 .45 .26 .22 Atrophy, ... 8 13 29 .20 .32 1.04 Cancer, - 14 17 11 .35 .40 .39 Debility, - 143 99 50 3.54 2.35 1.79 Dropsy, 433 357 250 10.70 8.60 8.93 Fever, - 14 97 16 .35 2.36 .54 Gout, - 0 0 0 Haemorrhage, 11 15 14 .28 .38 .50 Infantile Diseases, - 1 2751 91 4 6.75 2.20 .14 Mortification, 8! 4 3 .20 .10 .10 Scrofula, - 25 22| 13 .62 .53 .46 Sudden Death, 16 0 1 .40 .04 Tumor, - 6 2 2| .15 .04 .08 Totals, - y - 971 728 399 j 23.99 17.54 14.23 CAUSES OF DEATH. 253 Abstract of Causes of Death—Continued. BLACKS. D Number of Deaths in the CAUSES OF DEATH. periods. In each 100 there were in 1822 to 1831 to 1841 to 1822 to 1831 to 1841 to 1830. 1840. 1848. 1830. 1840. 1848. III. Apoplexy, - 76 96 80 1.88 2.31 2.86 Chorea, * 0 0 0 Cephalitis, - 0 6 7 .13 .25 Convulsions, - 283 136 120 6.99 3.28 4.28 Delirium Tremens, - 0 3 2 .07 .08 Epilepsy, - 2 24 11 .05 .57 .39 Hydrocephalus, - 5 21 12 .13 .50 .43 Insanity, - 14 18 8 .35 .43 .28 Paralysis, - 45 74 35 1.12 1.78 1.25 Tetanus, - 157 196 254 3.89 4.71 9.07 Brain, Diseases of - - 16 27 16 .39 .67 .55 Totals, - TV - 598 601 545 14.80 14.45 19.44 IV. Asthma, * 33 34 27 .82 .82 .96 Bronchitis, - 0 6 9 .14 .32 Consumption, • 646 537 406 15.96 12.94 14.48 Hydrothorax, - 15 90 53 .37 2.17 1.88 Laryngitis, - 0 0 1 .04 Pleurisy, - 36 39 20 .89 .95 .71 Pneumonia, - 20 32 46 .49 .76 1.64 Quinsy, - 1 2 2 .03 .04 .08 Organs of respiration,diseases of 0 4 10 .10 .36 Totals. - m 751 744 574 18.56 17.92 20.47 V. Aneurism, - 0 1 3 .02 .09 Pericarditis, - 0 0 1 .04 Organs of circulation,diseases of 4 10 29 .09 .25 1.05 Totals. - - - 4 11 33 .09 .27 1.18 VI. Colic, - - 29 21 16 .71 .51 .55 Dyspepsia, - 1 1 4 .03 .02 .14 Enteritis, •0 6 52 54 .15 1.25 1.93 Gastritis, - 3 17 25 .08 . .42 .89 Hernia, - 4 3 8 .09 .07 .29 Peritonitis, - 0 2 3 .04 .10 Teething, - 156 259 177 3.85 6.25 6.32 Worms, • 122 95 36 3.01 2.27 1.28 Organs of Digestion, diseases of 0 1 5 .02 .19 Hepatitis, a* 39 43 21 .96 1.04 .75 Jaundice, - 9 5 6 .21 .13 .21 Liver, Diseases of - «* J 0 0 .03 Spleen, Diseases of • 0 1 1 .02 .04 Totals. - - 370 500 356 9.12 12.04 12.69 254 CENSUS OF CHARLESTON. Abstract of Causes of Death — Continued. BLACKS. D CAUSES OF DEATH. VII. Diabetes, _ Cystitis, - Gravel, - Nephritis, - Urinary Organs, Diseases of Totals, VIII. Child Birth, - Puerperal Fever, Paranemia, Totals, IX. Rheumatism, Bones, Diseases of Hip, Spine, “ Totals, x. Fistula, Ulcer, Purpura, Skin, Diseases of Totals, Of Old Age, XI. XII. Burns and Scalds, Drowned, Executed, Fractures, Hydrophobia, Intemperance, Killed accidentally, “ by design, Poisoned, Suffocated, Suicide, Wounds, Totals, XIII. Causes not Specified, Number of Deaths in th 3 periods. In each 100 there were in 1822 to 1831 to 1841 to 1822 to 1831 to 1841 to 1830. 1840. 1848. 1830. 1840. 1848. c c c c 1 2 .02 1 .10 l 1 2 .15 1 .02 l .08 c c C c 2 3 .01 ) .10 5 4 8 .12 .01 .28 41 36 22 1.0C .82 .81 0 5 1 .1 ‘2 .04 1 3 2 .03 .06 .07 )f 0 2 12 .04 .40 42 46 37 1.03 1.11 1.32 28 9 7 .69 .21 .27 0 0 0 0 2 0 .06 0 9 3 .21 .09 28 20 10 .69 .48 .36 0 1 0 .02 7 6 3 .16 .15 .11 1 2 0 .03 .05 3 3 2 .08 .07 .07 11 12 5 .27 .29 .18 362 340 227 8.94 8.19 8.09 2 8 7 .05 .28 .24 19 16 22 .47 .39 .80 0 0 0 0 1 0 .02 3 0 0 .08 51 42 15 1.26 1.02 .53 61 44 31 1.50 1.06 1.10 6 1 1 .15 .02 .04 0 1 2 .02 .07 2 1 0 .05 .02 7 1 ll .17 .02 .04 0 5 1 .04 .04 151 120 80 3.73 2.89 2.86 29 144 43 DEATHS IN THE DIFFERENT MONTHS. 255 S • ov 00 00 csi c* 00 Co c >5 *\ Co *K> o *K» g s>. c> *K* (>* • C* •*« o cj Q ?s. •Ki »5 r-O t3 • «- O C2H & s o * ra 0Q 925 i—< GO 1,059 840 764 803 00 05 t* 05 VO i" r- 00 r—i lO 05 CO CM 00 vO CM CO HP Hp HP HP HP 05 00 CO CO t" ir- VO Tp vo co Tj< itf -C • O X cS o W«2 MOioofNOW^i'COcoiocq co“vb O OS v<~> vO HP ' vo 05 O vO CO i—i 00 i—i O 05 r— i o vo CJ 2 OO 0505C50505 05 C5050505C505050505C5i-;c5 05 O t" O O 05 05 Tt< Dec. 00(M(X)GOOiCOO3C5QOHHC0t' , iH GO (M 00 Ci r “ H r “ l rHrHp-trHMMC^H rt H r-i r—i oo 05 05 05 VO 05 Nov. ‘0'C , !D0000300(»Mif30HOMl>Oi'rii !—«<—( rlHHCIr-Irt^HHrtrtriClHrt 00 05 05 CO r-H r—* r- CD 05 Oct. 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HpCOCDCOCOCOcOCOCO r- #> CO Each Sex. ^^iG2i^^ a01OC00000T t ( ^ ( ^>cr5rt-l rH H >c ^ H r-l IQ 11 M H rt CO 1—1 05 vo CD 05 CO >—♦ I— 00 Tjl Aug. ^S C0 ^t°52 rtOM OCOO(N(0<0CI00Oi CX5 CO .—i 05 '—f 05 '—in r-t05 Ol nri r-i --. CO o Tji 05 i—i CO CO 05 April C5OC0^i005C!|05OO»0F»C5C0C0C0C0F* 1—11 1 >“< >—1 r-< I —1 I—i t —1 r-i r-l r—l r-i O 00 05 r- r—H CD 05 r—i March COOOC005t't'COC5 00 05 CO *0 CO <# rl D h r_ ^ 1 t-H i—* r —( i—1 i—i rl i—< t—t r-l i—• r—i 00 05 t" r-H 05 05 1—1 Feb. L^C005'^t l C0050TfOOOiOC£?COCC>TtiOOC<5Cb •— 1 05 1—1 1—1 1—< 05 r-» r-l r-t 05 r- CO CD .—I CD O 05 Jan. CCa5'-f0505C000500'—if—liOOOOCOf“i—» 1—1 CC5 f—i 1—105 hhCIHi-i 05 i—i h h 05 CD ^ 05 T—1 vo TP 05 • K <2 .j .s .8 _$ i $ ^ r g«g^g«|gl3l2§s§3i 02 J l r«Ci r—< 3 o E-t HD C cc f-. o Years ^ CO Tt 1 lO CO t~ 00 05 O 1 ^^C5O505O5O5O5CO 1 20GOQOOOCOGOGOGOCO 3 O ,07614,076|7,523 Deaths in the Different Months — continued . 256 CENSUS OF CHARLESTON ! m W o < n PQ Grand Total. 733 560 542 692 664 1,172 630 1,209 856 605 |7,663J Both | ; Sexes| 455 310 306 384 363 853 356 500 422 348 [4,297' i Each i Sex. oor~rio>co©oococot~a50ocor'*cor~*or~!-« rtcoco^cor'iOtMt'OO^rHoot't'OKNait'r' Cl Ct l“1 I— lr—1 i—1 r—1 Cq r—1 rH -3* ^ f—( r—1 Cq Cq Cq r—I rH rH CO TF VO HF 1—T 1—1 of of r- © cq rf Dec. rH rH l—« Cq •—It— 1 rt (M (M r-ti—1 Cq i—II—1 rH >— 1 *H Ot) 1 CM CO rH r-H © © cq Nov. (NiOrHCOOHC'ir.Tjt'OcoooQ^coooo rH r—1<—li-lr-1 Cq r-1 r— (i—(!—1 OT (M r-It—1 i—1 i— 1 r— 1 r—I | CO CO cq © rH r— 1 © oo cq Oct. Moooi^(n»OTji^odooio.(M(N(Ma)ai(noocoio rHrHrHrHrHi—irHrH H 00 Ol H 1 —1 rH r-1 CO l-1 l—1 i—1 230 235 vO © TF Sept. cotDfoAiocooC'ioocococooco'foqrrioioiOj H d H r-t ri H r-( (N *0 COr—tr-HCOMrHr—lr—QO(MC0r' r— 1 1 —1 1 —It—lr—1 rH r— It—It—It— 1 H t— 1 i— 1 IQ r-1 CO r-I t—> cq rf! cq Cq rH Cf r-T © © CO CO Dec. CirHOa^CDCOCOGOOOOt^VnOOrHrHCOTft-OO rH rH rH tH rH rH rH rH r-H CO TT r-» £- r— ^ © © rH Nov. ©OOrHr-vO£-©cq©r-iC5T-!io<©Tti rH rH rH rH rH rH CM rH CM rH rH rH rH -- 1681 831 rH vO cq Oct. r-rHCOTH©cqcq©£-©©CO©vO©Jt-vO©iOOO HHHiHHHMHHHCOHHHHHoI T—1 306 122 oo cq Hf Sept: o(o>ocq>o(MOit'Coaaaicooo©o©cooo5 rH T-HrHrHr- 1 CO t— 1 Tf t—1 CO CO (M © "^t 1 Hjl i — | CO rH cq oo vo t- Ttl rH 4451630' Aug. O^OCOOOT^CMOOT^COCJOcMCMCMCOOOt-fMCOT^t^ ^ tH rH rH rH rH rH rH rH rH CM O CM I> CM CM rH VO © rH CO CO rH July cq 00 00 ’—iCDCOt'COCOQrJioJOtHO^t't't'OiO C^T-l HH t-H Cq r—1 i— IrHCq IQ r-1 Ot rH tF i—1 03 cq vO © CO June t^t'cqrjiTtt'CorticOi—imoocDMt'cowco^m rHrHrH HHHHHHHH Cq r- 1 H r- © co © t— 1 rH 1 CO 1 cq May ©HvO£-©©vOOOCOaOTFTfCOCOlOCOd3Cqi>00 r ~* t-H t— 1 rH © 00 00 © tr¬ io rH April COmNCDCOOHQHt'OOCOCOQOOOMOCOOCDt' T— l t— 1 i-H rH rH t— 1 t— 1 [VO VO © t- © L" rH March ©©rHcocqco©rrcqr-©cqQocot-©cqcocqco ^'H rH rH rH rH rH rH rH rH © © cq tji © © rH Feb. rHCOGOGOrHTfiJt'»C'qOi005iO£'.GOcOGO*OTfCOiO rH T— 1 H H T— 1 t-H r-i t- cq © © © vO i— l Jan. TtKjlOiQHbHCCiCOHOCOI'tDCDiO^cqHiO rH rH ^ ^ HHH ^ rH CM rH rH © 00 00 00 © rH cq tJ , & Males, Females, Males, Females, Males, Females, Males, Females, Males, Females,! Males, Females, Males, Females, Males, Females, Males, Females, Males, Females, Males, Females -H O H •Xi (h C3 »H o lYears 1831 1832 1833 1834 1835 1836 1837 1838 1839 1840 r—H $ O _ Deaths in the Different Months — Continued . DEATHS IN THE DIFFERENT MONTHS. Kl T3 • S CO -4-j ^ O OH r* o CO o GO CO JO 05 JO t- o r—♦ >o XO CO »o JO CO JO CO 5Q X O cojo rHi-Hi-HrHClClrHi-H.—irHi—if-HrHrHrHi—I CO —i rH CO i> 00 2» t" GO Dec. Mi-i^fhoO^COCOOOIXMJOOOjOCO rH I—1 i — 1 H H Cl r-< i—I i—1 r-( JO 05 05 05 05 r-H Nov. i Hi?irtiocoTfHOOrtmrtr.ocoo r-H r— ( HH t-H r-H i-H r-H r-H r-H r-H i-H r-H i^H r-H JO JO 05 00 o 00 r-H Oct. ^JOOOiCOCO^O)'«OCOCOvOM>^l rH r-H (M CM CO r-H r—1 r-H r-H i-H r-H rH i-H r-H r-H 137 140 t- t- fM Sept. ^COTfCOMQOOOCD^C^OiHr'ior't' r-1 H H H Cl f- 1 i—(I—< rH rH i—1 r -1 r— ( i—t I-■- 126 114 O H CM Aug. o6oococojocoococoiodjt'ffir'co r(Hr((M(M(MOCoco^o)^o(xr'jooo30jjo <0C| i—f i—• i— 1 1 r-H d i—• i—l «—( ^—i t—( ^-4 r ~1 CM CM r—1 CO r-H »-H 276244 June <-h i-h 1 0510 ri CO O) F-lOt'iOCOt'^COCO CO CO H CO r-H »-H May ^^O»H(MCMC0(MC>C0C0C}d}r^ H H Cl (M Cl (M H H r-H r-H r-H i-H 132 123 255 April 05 CM CO i—' rHuOCU'COCiCOl'iOTf i— 1 i—t 119 111 o CO CM March OOCOCOOOiflt'Oi'HfflOOCIMOi CMi-Hi-Hi-Hi-HCMi— ICMrHrHrHi-HrHrHrHrH 124 123 t- H Cl Feb. t-OJCOOCTlOrHOJO^O^^H^H rH 1 1 <— 1 H H H r-H i— ( i-H i-H l—i r—1 •—• CO CO C5 O CO 05 Jan. r-HcococooaicocococMi>j^OiOibit> fH CM r-H CM «-H r-H CQ r-H r-H r-H CM rH JO JO O CM rH rH o CO Cl Both Sexes. 259 200 214 188 246 258 218 303 CO 00 00 rH Each Sex. riooooHcoaifficcir"0oCOO3M^ic6 r—1 r -1 r-H r-H r-H i-H r-H r-H r-H F 00 05 L~ Cl ir- iH Oct. dooo^'rjioor'jocioioaMHoococo 1—1 <-H i—1 i-H r—4 r-H O F o jo r-H r~ JO Sept. CMH05C5-aooJOJOOTj< ,—! t-H t-H r-H r-H April Q5CMO05C5J0OHC0Ir-05 00 C0CMCMJ0 r~ 1 rH r-H i-H H H rH cq • 00 CO 'co rH March cot't'(Ncot'QOrioo»ot'mcoTfcoco r-H rH r-H CO 00 05 Cl rH Feb. COmoOOOHCOMXjOOCOt'OiOJOO" 1—1 rH rH r-H r-H I-H JO CO 00 JO 00 T-H r-H Jan. 05r— ioOJOCO^COt'OJOO'^Ht'JO’1 1 r-H t-H t— 1 r-H r-H r-H — * — — - _ .. .. . I' 00 CO r-H o r-H X Q m Males, Females, Males, Females, Males, F emales,: Males, Females, Males, Females. Males, Females, Males, Females, Males, Females, Males, Females, Grand Total, Years 1841 1842 1843 1844 1845 1846 1847 1848 Total 257 858 CENSUS OF CHARLESTON. O C/5 -*■«* o s 00 00 o S-s ci 00 o CO 5o cr Ho rH r- V. !§> *53 «o ■-cs a cd C5 HS o a H«* co r-O ■■"T* 1 GJrand fotal. 925 814 1,059 840 764 803 793 762 763 1 Cl | »o 1 #H I It* 1 *3 ,d tn b o s g «$ 499 465 427 , 487 453 421 435 455 434 co I r> 1 ° 1 rf | r* § X Wcc COCOxOOdxCOCOTft-COCOxOdCOxooO^xQ jn r« ^i in Cl O ^3 M H CO i-1 O d rH O XO 02 CM Cl CM CM d Cl d Cl Cl Cl 03 CM Cl <01 CM Cl - 1 Cl 12,002 >2,074 CO 1 1' 1 o I rf I £ o > o o ^ ^HOHiOCtTji(NnOOOHO(N(NCN 02 y-J 1 S COdrHCO'nf , d''Odd r 1 < CCC002''ct , xOCi>dd rH d CO *6J *o I So 1^00 (X1«-c)'t1OO(N1''05 co o CO 00 CO I rH | 4 So J JS 00 I>b cb>OQOOOJH(MO'<#CO^t'OCOHCj *■ ^ ^ t j ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ f—H f |H rH tH fH rH I'* 02 Cl r-H CM t~ xO Cl o®« 1 (SlNHHHHHHHrtHrtHHHdHM 127 162 02 GO d 5 to 10 QHCO r OOOCOQOaiCOrrCC)COC^GOr"^' H r-H rH rH rH rH rH rH 05 rH 00 05 o 00 rH 1 to 5 HrHr-u00500fNt'000(N'3 ( C£)0000:COCT ^^COCMCO^COCOCOCTCOCOCOCOCMCOCO.CO 300 322 Cl Cl co I Under II year C o t , r _,^C'icocO'-ci>coooococ)Cooa3co ^m»Qinco^i0^iOm'3'ncoiON , »ocoTjf 465 394 02 xO 00 A CD O X « 02 CO 02 Cl CO rH Cl 00 I- 02 Cl Tf CO xO rH GO XO o CM CO CO CO CO co CO CO CO CO i i h ; ^(Ht'Cl^QOOOiOCOOOOO'f Cl© CO 02 o GO 02 A J 00 i—'C0C002ddOC>xOdC0d00d©d rt> 02 CO a (NH(NH3Q'0‘O000202Cl'H _< rH T—1 >-H rH rH XO GO CO 1~ 143 30 to ' 70 0>i0r-'HC0MC0HH02C002V , -3 , Od*0C0 fM rH d rH r-IrHrH d—IrHrHrHrH 148 110 00 1 xO 1 d 1 50 to < 60 CDOCOL-r-OO^OOrHOTrt-COxOOCDO CM rH Cl rH ,-HrHrH.-ldrH,-HrH,-H O 02 oo oo i-H 02 1 CO 1 ClJ m KJ M til -So O *^5 CO O O xO O d rf rH 02 00 O L— rH O CO d 02 O ^ht#hCOC1«h(N CO CC H Cl H d H 02 XO i-H o CO rH ^ I d I Ht C *“* O O H 4 07 dt'Cioxoxo'-rcoa2'crod>-H02xocD — cD CDrHxOdGOdXOrH-^—tOrHXO'—iCOrHOrH 02 d O XO XO rH 199 MH £ ~b h-» o o CO Cl d rH iO H O xO CO h O XO rH ^ ^ O xO 05 *0 OOICOH^IC^^^^CD^^HCOHCOH rH 469 ; 172 r-H co | 10 to 20 O'CCOClCOOOOt-CBiHt'iOCOt'CO'Q'C® rH t— 1 rH rH rH rH —• d d 02 L" CO rH ' 5 to 10 d02Mx0ndC0O^Tt , C0C0CCx0C003ClC2 rH r-H r-H 1—1 t- r~ XO co d rH 1 to 5 02 d 00 rH CO 00 —i O CO JE- tO d •—< i—i 00 XO Cl OO ddrHdHj'ddClH rHrHdrHr-HrHCMrH 207 154 rH co co Under 1 year dCOOOCOMOOlxfJCdO'OOCOCDN'iOCl drHrHi-HdCOrHr-HrHrHrHl-HrHrHdrH^lrH 167 147 314 O H Jr a Abstract of Deaths — continued . DEATHS IN THE DIFFERENT MONTHS 559 —p h h o h Grand Totals. 733 560 542 692 664 1,172 630 1,209 856 605 CO © © Both Sexes. 455 310 306 384 363 l 853 356 500 422 348 r- © co BLACKS. Each Sex. aor'*^05coooococor^cooo»-H 2,153 2,144 t" © CO H'' over 100 H©HHCO©»-<*-l©lOCOxQHH©CO©*-<©© 00 co rH tF CO 90 to 100 iQoooctH^KMUcocimt'ioO'i'cbHco^o} H CO CO lO H< 00 -So CO(MWCO^HCDGOC5r-t©oO(MOCOai(MCOWCO r-< H »— 1 H H O 1" *o 00 t~ - co rH ooo Ot'Hm(MOai(M'H’^M(Mi-lC005030000i0C0 i—lr— It— (•—I T—1 r-i rH H (M W ri ,—i © © © CO rn 00 CO CO 60 to 70 i—( H H Hi—1 H rI t—1 i— 1 CO Tf r1 H i—It—* M H H ■H co tF I- rH rH t" rH CO 50 to 60 COGOCOOOt-r^COOOCO©©I>CO©00£~COCOt'-© HH>h Hr-lHHHHCOCOHHH Hr-1 rH CM 00 t- 00 © T—1 1—^ 355 40 to 50 COt'OOOOiOiOO^TfO^n-foOCOiO^OCDOO CO H H H H l—1 CO H r— © lO CO l—1 H H CO H H © I’ H © CO H © r“i 30 to 40 00'*t , H05Tf(TOCOCOOO©OHCOHiOHOOrt»OOi H CO H H Hi— 1 l —IH i — 1 © Tf H CO CO CO '— 1 H H 1- »0 © oo rH rH co 00 CO 20 to 30 ©TFeoooHOicocococor-ir'OooocoTf©©© COCOHHHHHHrHCOCOCOH CO CO CO CO CO H CO tF oo © H CO t” 00 CO 10 to 20 r-COCOcr5©'it©OCO'^CO'^vOCOt-a3-^rH©TjH r CO H H H H H CO H HCO'^HHHCOCOCOH h © Tt © H CO © 00 CO o O LO i—1 t'*H©HTf©OiH— lOCOOiOC-COCCOt^iOOO HrHH H HH HHH CO CO H O CO CO S3 1 10 5 oOCOCOJICIH 346 278 TF CO © Under 1 year CDO^OOOO)«>OHHinT) HHHHH HHi— (HHHHHXQHCOHH 2,242 1,124 © © CO CO over 100 ©00©H©©©©©©©©©©©000© r/ ''r. u > ! ° ^ rH 90 to 100 ©h©CO©hh©C9hhh©©©hh©©h jiOOO CO rH 80 to 90 otcHooctcor''^o ( ^wo5cococqooT?cDcii^ loo^ ico | CO >o | 00 70 to 80 !^(M^CDO)(X)iOCOCDCOOHCOJ>QOCDCOiOCD rH rH rH rH rH I- lO © CO CO XO H 60 to 70 O^Ot^t^rHt-r^OC^OCOOrHOTfrHiOO^OCO rH H rH rH rH rH rH rH rH co r- © t- rH © I- rH 50 to 60 | Hoo©to©©©Tt©oot'*ao©''Fco©©oo©Tf H HHHCOHCOCOHH t- rH 00 H< CO 40 to 50 | moocDcoooHcooior'Coooot'Ooo'H'^oo CO (NHHHCICKN COhhhxOHCOhCO 274 117 H © CO 30 to 40 oi#>Q(NHa)H^«coi#cD>0’#^mHHTfH TjHTfHTfHCOCIrfHCOHCOHmCICOOICCH H 533 169 CO © 20 to 30 ©r-t~*-iGOGO©coco©'-rcoxoi>ia©co©©H i oo ^ co h h h co co h tf md^HCi«OH>OH It^io rH rH 1 iO rH CO 1 - tH oo rH 10 to 20 t'OOiOI''OOt'MCO>0»OHiOOOCOOmHOT(Xl^ H CO H CM H IT- © t" rH 5 to 10 M’^xO'OHCMCO'^'^^CD^iO^C'l'OOOt'OCl CO H © H © XO rH tH t-h 1 to 5 Hcoor'iOt't'Ot'C5CDQoaiCDio>ocMCDr'(M CO CO H H HHHHH»hHCOHCOH H © CO xO lO rH rH CO tH CO Under 1 year 1 oor''©xO©©t' , ©co©xo©coH©cot'i'H©r'‘ H H HCOHi—IH HHCOHi—IHi—1 d o iO rH rH rH CO © CO [ Sex. i ®a>oocDa)(Doot'nt'©mctcoHcqt'oo(MHo CDt'OOCDM’^t'anor'COCDiOt'CDO HHHHUdrlrtHHHHHHHH [ CO rH tH CO rH *H t» rt- CO d over 100. OHOMWHHCtHOOtMCtOHH o o rH rH © d 90 to 100. CC^HHCO^MOCIJCO^OlQHOlQ Cl GO Cl Cl © v5 m W o < pq k o . i it-t—ir~eocqooGOcor'-T) +* © 1 rH rH r—i H O 05 I 00 1 VC GO 1 r- | CO d rH o . ^ o O 00 l''* VO CO VJ © r-1 ^ 00 rH m r-1 CD (M ^ M CD 1 HH rSHH rH rH r* © co r- r~ CO rH 60 to 70. t-J>HC5t^t^OOOOOCD500C^ rt-©©01iO©V5V5V5©rr©rt-COrt-ia rH ' rH rH rH tH 1 rt- rt- | CO 00 IS c . •*-* o O i> rH rH rH r— rH rH rH rH rH rH r- * O Tf r— > O rH rt- © d X © m to a> CQ m GO co CO CO to CO 0) a> a> *3 si si to ■© w 2 CO p 73 o 2 „T'r—1 2 03 ^ C3 M'S a> 2 m 'rt a> 2 o cj VH r - PH a> vS r ® iS r ® M r ® ® ^ .£ £ £ c3 c3 c3 rH CO CO rt- o © i" © Ht- rt- rt- rt- rt- rt- rt- rt- CO CO co © © © © © H rH rH rH rH r-< rH GO Cl) *3 a