jji granting anb gfabor. A 
 
 § 
 
 LIBRARY 
 
 # 
 
 $ University of Illinois. 4 
 
 $ CLASS. BOOK. VOLUME. § 
 
 f 61 5.1 6-66 a f 
 
 ^ Books are not to be taken from the Library. ^ 
 
 ^ Accessions No., J, vJ.Ori.O ^ 
 
THE NEWER REMEDIES. 
 
 A REFERENCE MANUAL 
 
 1 ” " 4 ' 
 
 FOR 
 
 PHYSICIANS, PHARMACISTS $ STUDENTS, 
 
 BY 
 
 VIRGIL COBLENTZ, Phil. D., F. C. S., etc.. 
 
 Professor of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Chemistry in the New York College 
 of Pharmacy; Author of Handbook of Pharmacy; Member of the Chemical 
 Societies of Berlin and London; Fellow of the Society of 
 Chemical Industry , etc., etc. 
 
 NEW YORK : 
 
 D, O. HAYNES & CO. 
 1895 . 
 
Copyrighted by 
 
 D. O. HAYNES & CO 
 
 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. 
 
PREFACE. 
 
 The constantly increasing number and complexity of new remedies, 
 with the scattered condition of the literature on the subject, render it an 
 almost impossible task for anyone except the specialist to become at all 
 acquainted with them. The physician who keeps in progress with the 
 advance of the times is constantly on the alert for new and improved 
 remedies with which to combat disease. It is, therefore, the duty of the 
 apothecary to be conversant with these, not only by title, but as to iden- 
 tity, sources, properties and doses. It has been the endeavor of the 
 author to present as complete a list of these newer remedies as possible, 
 in a concise and alphabetical form. The various articles are arranged 
 under their commercial names, including, however, in this arrangement 
 all the more important synonyms. 
 
 In all instances, where possible or practicable, the sources and 
 methods of preparation have been given, followed by such tests of iden- 
 tity, as melting and boiling points, with solubilities, incomnatibles, 
 medicinal properties and doses as far as known. Details concerning 
 physiological action and clinical data could not satisfactorily be included 
 in a work of this size, hence the physician, when full accounts are desir 
 able, must necessarily be referred to current medical literature or more 
 extensive works on modern materia medica. It should be observed 
 that these newer remedies have appeared and continue to appear in rapid 
 succession, and in many instances the most important data are wanting, 
 some going no further than mentioning title and nature of the sub 
 stance, others stating medicinal uses only, indicating that they are still 
 in the experimental stage. Hence in view of this, it will be necessary to 
 issue revised editions from time to time as the fund of information 
 increases. 
 
 The doses quoted are the minimum and maximum for an average 
 adult, being lessened accordingly for children and the feeble, and for hypo- 
 dermic use. The sizes of the doses are expressed in the metric system, 
 including, however, their nearest equivalents (in round numbers) in 
 apothecaries' weight. 
 
 Many of these remedies now offered are of a proprietary nature, 
 hence all that is known of their composition is what is given upon the 
 authority of various published analyses. 
 
 The author is indebted to Geo. C. Diekman, M. D., for his careful 
 perusal of that portion relating to the medicinal properties and doses of 
 the various remedies. 
 
 New York City, April, 1895. 
 
« 
 
 
 ■ 
 
 ' 
 
 . 
 
THE NEWER REMEDIES 
 
 ABRASTOL. (ASAPROL) (C 10 H 6 OH. S0 3 ) 2 Ca. 
 
 The calcium salt of beta-naphthol*sulphonic acid. It is a soluble white powder, 
 and because of its antiseptic properties.it is employed as a preservative agent for 
 foods. It is also employed as an intestinal antiseptic in doses of 1 to 2 Gm. (15-3U 
 grains). 
 
 A BRIN. (JEQUIRITIN). 
 
 Abrin is the most potent principle contained in the Jequirity seed ( Ahrus preca - 
 torius). It partakes of the nature of an albuminoid and is very poisonous. Forms a 
 brownish yellow soluble powder; employed to limited extent for producing artificial 
 conjunctivitis. 
 
 ACETAL. CH 3 -CH(OC 2 H 5 ) 2 . 
 
 Synonyms: Ethyliden-di-ethyl-ether; Di-ethyl acetal. 
 
 This body is obtained by the reaction between acetic-aldehyde and alcohol, 
 whereby water separates. It is a colorless liquid, boiling at 104°-106° C. (2l9°-222° F). 
 Soluble in 18 parts of water (25° C.) and verv soluble in alcohol. It is employed as 
 sedative and hypnotic. Dose is from 5 to 10 Gm. (77-154 grains). 
 
 Usually administered in form of an emulsion. 
 
 ACETAMINOL. C 6 H 3 (0CH 3 ) (C 3 H 5 ) 0-C0. C 6 H 4 NHCOCH 3 . 
 
 Synonym: p-Acetamidobenzoyl-Eugenol. 
 
 By interaction between p-nitrobenzoylchlorid and eugenol-sodium in molecular pro- 
 portions. p-nitrobenzoyleugenol is formed, this upon reduction yields the correspond- 
 ing p-Ami.dobenzoyl-eugenol, which is aoetylated by means of acetic anhydride. This 
 compound appears in the form of white scales or a crystalline powder, of melting 
 point 160° C. It is almost insoluble in water, quite soluble in alcohol. 
 
 It is employed in treatment of phthisis. 
 
 ACETANILID. C 6 H 5 NH.COCH,. 
 
 Synonyms: Antifebrine; Phenylacetamide. 
 
 Obtained by prolonged interaction between pure aniline and glacial acetic acid 
 at boiling temperature. Twenty grammes of aniline are boiled with 30 grammes of 
 glacial acetic acid under an inverted condenser for from six to ten hours, till a sample 
 of the mixture when removeu solidifies on cooling, to a crystalline mass. The fused 
 mass is poured into cold water, an I the crystals which separate are filtere,! off and 
 recrystallized from hot water or alcohol. When pure, acetanilid forms lustrous 
 rhombic tables without odor or color, melting at 113° C. (235.4° F.), soluble at 15° C. 
 (59° b\), in 194 parts of water, and in 5 parts of alcohol; in 18 parts of boiling water, 
 and in 0.4 parts of boiling alcohol. 
 
 Its properties are those of an antipyretic. The average dose is from 0.2-0.5 Gm. (3 
 to 8 grains). The various derivatives of acetanilid employed in medicine are Asepsin, 
 Iodantifebrin. Antinervin, Benzanilid, Exalgin. 
 
 Among the various remedies which are supposed to contain acetanilid as one of 
 their constituents are Antikamnia, Phenolid, Exodyne, Antikol. Pyretin, Phenatol, 
 Kaputin, etc. 
 
 ACETON. 
 
 A proprietary grip and headache remedy. Not to be confounded with acetone. 
 
 ACETONE. CH3-CO-CH3. 
 
 Synonym : Di-methyl-ketOne. 
 
 This is prepared by the dry distillation of calcium acetate; it boils at 56° C. 
 (132.8° F 1 .), has a peculiar ethereal odor and sharp burning taste. Miscible with water, 
 alcohol and ether. 
 
 It is employed as a nervine in doses of 5 to 15 minims, in water or infusion of 
 
 valerian. 
 
 ACETONORESORCIN. 
 
 A combination of two molecules of resorcin and one of acetone. Used as an 
 antiseptic. 
 
 ACETOPHENONE. See Hypnone. 
 
2 
 
 THE NEWER REMEDIES. 
 
 ACET-ORTHO-TOLU I D. C 6 H 4 (CH 3 )NH COCH 3 . 
 
 Synonym: Ortho-Tolyl-acetamid. 
 
 This is an isomerideof exalgine, obtained by prolonged interaction between or tho- 
 toluidin and glacial acetic acid at boiling temperature. This occurs in colorlesss 
 needles; melting point. 107° C. (224.6° F.) Soluble in hot water, alcohol and ether, 
 almost insoluble in cold water. 
 
 Tt is employed as an antipyretic, its action is more rapid than that of acetanilid, 
 yet being less toxic. The dose, although there is no authority upon the subject, would 
 be from 0.1— 0.3 Gm (2-5 grains). 
 
 ACET-PARA-AMIDO-SALOL. See Salophen. 
 
 ACET-PARA-TOLUID. C 6 H 4 (CH 3 ) NH. COCfl 3 . 
 
 Synomyn: Para-Tolyl-acetamid. 
 
 This is obtained by prolonged interaction between para-toluidin and glacial acetic 
 acid, at boiling temperature. It occurs in colorless crystals of melting-point 149° C. 
 (300 2° F). It is almost insoluble in water, and readily soluble in alcohol. 
 
 It is employed as an antipyretic in doses of from 1-2 Gm. (15-30 grains). 
 
 ACETYL-PARA-AMI DO-PHENYL SALICYLATE. See Salophen. 
 
 ACETYL-AMI DO-ANTI PYRIN E. See underAntipyrine. 
 ACETYL-PARA-ETHOXY-PHENYL-URETHANE. See Thermodin. 
 ACETYL-PHENYL-HYDRAZINE. See Hydracetine. 
 
 ACID ANISIC. See Anisic Acid. 
 
 ALPHA-OX Y-NAPHTOIC. See Alpfia-Oxy-Naphtoic Acid. 
 
 ASEPTIC. See Aseptic Acid. 
 
 BETA-PHENYL-PROPIONIC. See Beta-Phenyl Propionic Acid. 
 BETA-PHENYLO-SALICYLIC ACID. See Beta-Phenyl-Salicylic Acid. 
 
 CAMPHORIC. See Camphoric Acid. 
 
 CINNAMYLIC. See Cinnamic Acid. 
 
 CRESYLIC. See Cresol. 
 
 DI-CHLOR-ACETIC. See Di-Chlor -Acetic Acid. 
 
 DI-IODO-SALICYLIC. See Di-Iodo-Salicylic Acid. 
 
 FILICIC. See Filicic Acid. 
 
 GYMNEMIC. See Gymnemic Acid. 
 
 HYDRO-CYNNAMIC. See Beta-Phenyl Propionic Acid. 
 
 ORTHO-AMIDO-SALICYLIC. See Ortho Amido-Salicylic Acid. 
 
 PHENYLO SALICYLIC. See Phenylo-Salicylic Acid. 
 
 SOZALIC. See Aseptol. 
 
 SOZOIODIC. See Sozoiodic Acid. 
 
 SOZOLIC. See Aseptol. 
 
 SULPHOTUMENOLIC. See Tumenol. 
 
 TETRA-THIO-DICHLOR-SALICYLIC. See Tetra-Thio-Dichlor-Salicylic Acid. 
 THIOLINIC. See Thiolinic Acid. 
 
 TRI-CHLOR-ACETcC. See Tri-Chlor- Acetic Acid. 
 
 ADEPS LAN/C. 
 
 Synonyms: Lanolin; Adeps Lanae Hydrosus, U. S. P. 
 
 The purified fat of the wool of sheep mixed with not more than 30 per cent 
 
 of water.” U. S. P. 
 
 The wool of sheep contains a large per cent, of fats (about 45#) which it is necessary 
 to remove before it can be used in manufacturing. These fats consist of a mixture 
 of fatty esters of cholesterin and isocholesterin. The crude wool fat, which is usually 
 obtained by washing the wool with benzine, acetone or some similar sollvent and 
 evaporating, is emulsionized with a weak alkaline solution, then separating the 
 creamy mixture in centrifugal machines; the upper layer of fluid contains the 
 cholesterin fats, while the lower layer consists of a soap solution of the impure fatty 
 acids. The upper fluid is drawn off and the chloesterin fats set free by the addition 
 
THE NEWER REMEDIES. 
 
 3 
 
 of a solution of calcium chloride; the impure lanolin thus obtained is purified by re- 
 peated melting and washing, finally extracting with acetone. 
 
 Anhydrous wool-fat is of a pale yellow color, somewhat translucent, melting at 36° 
 C. (96 8° F. ), readily soluble in benzine, ether, chloroform, acetone, but only partly soluble 
 in alcohol. When mixed with 30 per cent, of water it constitutes the hydrous woo -fat 
 of the Pharmacopoeia. 
 
 Hydrous wool-fat occurs as a nearly white ointment-like mass the surface of 
 which, on standing, becomes of an orange color, due to loss of water. Its melting 
 point is about 40° O. (104° F.); it is miscible with twice its weight of water without 
 losing its ointment-like character. Wool-fat is employed as a base for the preparation 
 of ointments, pomades, creams, etc. 
 
 ADONIN. 
 
 A glucosidal principle obtained from the herb Adonis vernal is. It is a bitter, yel- 
 lowish-white, hygroscopic powder, soluble in water and alcohol, insoluble in ether. 
 Employed as a cardiac stimulant, being feebly diuretic; dose 0.01—0.06 Gr. (1-6—1 
 grain. 
 
 /ESCULIN. C 15 H 16 0 9 +1^ Aq. 
 
 A glucoside obtained from the bark of the horse chestnut, (z Psculus hippocas- 
 tanum.) After precipitating the tannin and coloring matter from the hot aqueous 
 extract by means of alum and ammonia, the filtrate is evaporated to dryness and the 
 residue extracted with alcohol; purified by recrystallization. ^Esculin forms inodorous 
 fine needle-like-crystals, of bitter taste, almost insoluble in cold and quite soluble in 
 hot water, its aqueous solution having a strong blue fluorescence. Recommended as 
 an antipenodic. 
 
 /ETHYL, /ETHYLEN, ^ETHYLIDEN, ETC., COMPOUNDS.-(See under 
 Ethyl, Ethylene. Ethylidene. Etc.) 
 
 AGARIC ACID. See Agaricin. 
 
 AGARICIN. C 14 H 27 OH (C0 2 H) H 2 0. 
 
 Synonym: Agaric Acid. 
 
 The active principle of the fungus Agaricus albus or Polyporus officinalis , obtained 
 by extraction with alcohol. It forms a white crystalline powder, melting at 140° <j. 
 (284° F.) Almost insoluble in cold water, soluble in 130 p. of alcohol. 
 
 Agaricin is employed in the treatment of night sweats of consumptives; also in 
 relieving the sudorific effect of the synthetic antipyretics. Dose, 0.01—0.03 Gm. (1-6- }4 
 grain.) 
 
 AGATHIN. C 6 H 5 -N(CH 3 )-N: CH-C 6 H 4 (OH). 
 
 Synonym : Salicyl-x-methyl-phenyl hydrazone. 
 
 Agathin is obtained by reaction between salicylic aldehyde and the base methyl- 
 phenyl-hydrazone. This forms colorless crystalline flakes, inodorous and tasteless, 
 insoluble in water, but soluble in alcohol and ether. Its melting point is 70° C. 
 (158° F.) 
 
 Agathin is employed as an anti-neuralgic and anti-rheumatic in doses of 0.1:—' \5 
 Gm. (2—8 grains). 
 
 AGNINE. 
 
 This is probably prepared by distilling wool-fat i t a current of superheated steam. 
 Tt contains a large percentage of free fatty acids (33#)! 
 
 AGO P Y R I N . See under Antipyrine. 
 
 AIROL. 
 
 An oxyiodide of bismuth subgallate, patented by the firm of Hoffmann. Traub & 
 Co., of Basel. This compound possesses the absorbent properties of subgallate of bis- 
 muth as well as the antiseptic properties of its iodine combination Airol forms a 
 greenish gray, fine voluminous, inodorous and tasteless powder. Light produces no 
 effect, while moist air causes the powder to turn a red color, with loss of iodine, in 
 contact with water, particularly when heated, the powder undergoes slow decomposi- 
 tion. changing to a red color, with loss of iodine. Dilute alkalies and acids dissolve 
 this compound readily. The formula ascribed is : 
 
 c 6 h ; 
 
 f-OII 
 J -OH 
 I —OH 
 l -COO Bi 
 
 ^OII 
 
 ^ 1 . 
 
 That is, it is a basic* bismuth gallate in which a hydroxyl group is replaced by 
 iodine. Airol is applied as a dusting powder over wounds, sores, etc. 
 
 ALANT-CAMPHOR. See under Alantol. 
 
4 
 
 THE NEWER REMEDIES. 
 
 
 ALANTOL. C 10 H 16 O. 
 
 Elecampane root ( Inula Helenium) contains, aside from inulin. resinous, waxy and 
 extractive matter; alantol, a liquid stearoptene, alantic anhydride, a crystalline 
 body, and a solid stearoptene called helenin. 
 
 Alantol is an aromatic liquid, of a peppermint-like odor, boiling at 200° C. (392° F.). 
 It is employed as an antiseptic in treatment of tuberculous diseases. 
 
 Helenin or Alant- Camphor. C 6 Hj 0 O . 
 
 This occurs in colorless, inodorous crystalline needles, insoluble in water, but 
 soluble in alcohol and ether, melting at 68°— 70° C. (155° -158° F.). It is employed as 
 an antiseptic in treatment of malaria, tuberculosis, diarrhoea, etc., in frequent doses 
 of 0.01 Gm. OA grain.) 
 
 ALBOLENE. 
 
 This is a refined product of petroleum, free from any definite chemical or physio- 
 logical action; it cannot become rancid, and is introduced as a colorless, odorless base 
 for ointments, cerates, salves, pomades, etc., especially in hot climates. 
 
 Albolen eliquid is a colorless, odorless, tasteless fluid, with a specific gravity of 0.865 
 at 60° F., obtained from petroleum and afterwards specially treated. It does not 
 saponify nor become rancid, neither is it decomposed by acids or akalies. It can be 
 vaporized in a brine bath at zero, indicating the absence of solid paraffin, and is 
 free from petroleum ethers. Its lightness makes it very diffusible as vapor or as a 
 solvent for drugs used in oil for spraying the nasopharyngeal passages. 
 
 ALIZARIN-YELLOW-C. See Gallacetophenon. 
 
 ALLY L-M U STAR D OIL. See Oleum Sinapis Volatile. 
 
 ALLYL-SULPHO-CARBAMIDE. See Thiosinamine. 
 
 ALLYL-SULPHO-UREA. See Thiosinamine. 
 
 ALLYL-T HI O-UREA. See Thiosinamine. 
 
 A L P H O L. See Betol. 
 
 ALUMINUM - AMMONIUM -SALICYLATE. See Salumin (soluble). 
 
 ALUMINUM-BASIC TANNATE. See Tannal (insoluble). 
 
 ALUMIN UM-BET A-NAPTHOL-DISULPHONATE. See Alumnol. 
 
 ALUMIN UM-BORO FOR MATE. 
 
 It is thus made: Mix 2 parts formic acid. 1 part boric acid and 6 or 7 parts of 
 water, and in the mixture dissolve fresh precipitated alumina; filter, allow to crystal- 
 lize; or it may be employed in a solution of sp. gr. 1.084 (10$) or sp. gr. 1.110 (20$), re- 
 duced by careful evaporation. It is employed as a mild antiseptic and astringent. 
 
 ALUMIN UM-BO RO-T ANN I CO-T ART RATE. See Cutal. 
 
 ALUMINUM-BORO-TARTRATE. See Boral. 
 
 ALUMINUM-GALLATE (Basic). See Gallal. 
 
 ALU MINUM-PARA-PHENOL-SULPHONATE. See Sozal. 
 
 ALUMINUM-POT ASSIUM-PARA-PHENOL-SULPHONATE. 
 
 A1 2 K 2 (C 6 H 4 (0H)S0 3 ) 8 . 
 
 This compound is obtained by saturating para-phenol sulphonic acid with a solu- 
 tion of potassium-aluminate. It forms colorless crystals, soluble in water. Its prop- 
 erties are those of an antiseptic and astringent ; it is employed chiefly as a wash for 
 indolent ulcers, etc. 
 
 ALUMINUM SALICYLATE. See Salumin (insoluble.) 
 
 ALUMINUM TANNATE (Basic.) See Tannal. 
 
 ALUMINUM TANNIC-TARTRATE. See Tannal (soluble.) 
 
 ALUMNOL. (C 10 H e (OH)SO a ),Al. 
 
 Synonym: Beta-Naphthol-Disulphonateof Aluminum. 
 
 Alumnol is obtained by reaction between the barium compound of beta-naphthol- 
 disulphonic acid and aluminum sulphate. It forms a colorless powder, readily soluble 
 in water and glycerine, but only slightly soluble in alcohol. Aqueous solutions are 
 incompatible with alkaline solutions, the hydrate of alumina being precipitated. Like- 
 wise it precipitates albuminoid and gelatinous bodies from solution, the precipitate 
 being soluble in excess of albumen or gelatin. 
 
THE NEWER REMEDIES. 
 
 5 
 
 # 
 
 Alumnol is employed as an antiseptic and astringent. As a wash for purulent 
 surfaces, it is employed in from 1 to 5# solution ; in 10 to 20 % solutions it serves as a 
 cautery. Mixed with powdered talc or starch (10 to 20%), it forms an astringent dust- 
 ing powder. 
 
 ALSTONIN. 
 
 An alkaloid obtained from the bark of the Alstoma constricta (Apocynaceae.) 
 
 Alstonin form* white, crystalline needles, insoluble in water; soluble in alcohol, 
 ether and chloroform. To hot water it imparts an intensely bitter taste. 
 
 Tts properties are those of an antiperiodic and antiseptic, being employed in the 
 treatment of typhus fever. Nothing is known concerning its dose. 
 
 A M I DO- AC ET- P H E N ET I D I N . See Phenocoll. 
 
 AM I DO-ANTI PYRINE. See under Antipyrine. 
 
 AMIDO-GUAIACOL. 
 
 Aceto-o-anisidin, on treatment with nitric acid, yields nitro-acet-o-anisidin, which, 
 on being boiled with alkalies, undergoes saponification, yielding an alkali salt of nitro- 
 guaiacol. By the action of zinc and hydrochloric acid or other reducing agents, this 
 nitro-guaiacol is converted into amido-guaiacol. This base melts at 184° C. (363.2° F.); 
 its hydrochloride at 242° C. (467.6° F.) The salts of amido-guaiacol are employed iu 
 the preparation of colors and as medicinal agents. 
 
 AMIDO-SUCCINAMIDE. See Asparagin. 
 
 AMMONIUM EMBELICUM. C w H 13 0 2 . NH 4 . 
 
 This is the ammonium salt of embelic acid, the latter being prepared from the 
 
 Embdia Hides, Burm. ( Myrsinacece .) 
 
 It is a brick-red'powder. readily soluble in diluted alcohol. 
 
 It is employed as a taenifuge, in doses from 0.18 Gm. (2.8 grains) for children; to 0.4 
 Gm. (6. grains) for adults. 
 
 AMMONIUM-ICHTHYOL-SULPHONATE. See Ichthyol. 
 
 AMMONIUM SALICYLATE. C 6 H 4 (OH) COONH 4 . 
 
 This compound is obtained by neutralizing salicylic acid with ammonium carbon- 
 ate, evaporating and crystallizing. It forms a white crystalline powder, of sweet 
 taste and very soluble in water. 
 
 Ammonium Salicylate is recommended as an expectorant, the dose being the same 
 as the other salicylates. 
 
 AMMON I U M-SU LPHO-ICHTH YOLICU M. See Ichthyol. 
 
 AMMONOL. 
 
 A proprietary remedy recommended as an antipyretic and analgesic/ It is also 
 claimed to possess antiseptic properties. Bose 0.3 to 1.3 Gm. (5 to 20 grains.) 
 
 AMYL-ALCOHOL, TERTIARY. See Amylene Hydrate. 
 
 AMYLENE. SeePental. 
 
 AMYLENE HYDRATE. (CH 3 ) 2 .C 2 H 5 .C.OH. 
 
 Synonyms: Tertiary Amyl Alcohol ; Amylenum Ilydratum ; Dimethvl- 
 Ethyl-Carbinol . 
 
 This is one of the eight possible alcohols of the general formula. C 5 H , 4 OH ; it is 
 prepared by the action of sulphuric acid upon amylene (C 5 II 10 ), the latter being ob 
 tailed by the action of dehydrating agents on isobutylcarbinol. 
 
 Amylene Hydrate is a colorless, limpid fluid of peculiar penetrating odor, similar 
 to that of peppermint. Its specific gravity is 0.815, and boiling point is between 99°- 
 103° C. (210°-217° F.) It dissolves in eight parts of water, and is miscible with alcohol, 
 ether, glycerine and the fatty oils. 
 
 Tertiary Amyl Alcohol is employed as a hypnotic in doses of 2 to 4 Gm. (30 to 60 
 grains.) 
 
 AMYLOCARBOL. 
 
 A mixture of nine parts of phenol ; green soap, 150 parts ; amylic alcohox, 160 
 parts, and water sufficient to make 1,000 parts. 
 
 AMYL-VALERIANATE. C 6 H tf 0 2 C 5 H n . 
 
 Synonyms: Apple Oil ; Iso-Amyl- Valerianate. 
 
 This well known ester is a colorless ethereal liquid, which boils at 194° C. It pos- 
 sesses a solvent action on cholesterin ; also exerts a specific stimulating and sedative 
 action on the liver in gallstone colic. Usually administered in gelatin capsules con- 
 taining 0.15 Gm. (2.3 grains.) 
 
6 
 
 THE NEWER REMEDIES. 
 
 ANADOL. 
 
 A proprietary antipyretic. 
 
 ANAGYRINE H YDROBROMATE. C 14 H 18 N 2 0 3 HBr a . 
 
 This is a salt of the alkaloid obtained from the seed of Anagyris foetida. It occurs as 
 small, white shining scales, which are soluble in water and alcohol, and melt between 
 26 ° and 266° C. Physiological investigations by Hardy and others have proved ana- 
 gyrine to be toxic ; therapeutic data are wanting. 
 
 ANALGENE. C 9 H 5 -OC 2 H 5 -NH. COC 6 H 5 -N. 
 
 Synonyms: Benzanalgene ; Ortho Ethoxy Ana-Mono-Benzoyl-Amido-Chino- 
 lin; Ethoxy-Ana-Benzoyl-Amido-Uhinoline. 
 
 This body is obtained by introducing an ethyl and amido group into ortho-oxv- 
 chinolin ; into the resulting ortho oxyethyl-amido-chinolin the benzoyl group is intro- 
 duced by the action of benzoyl chlorid. 
 
 Analgene forms white, tasteless crystals, melting at 208° C. (406.4° F.), insoluble in 
 water, readily soluble in alcohol. 
 
 ’This compound is employed as an anti-neuralgic in doses of 0.5 to 1.0 Gm. (8 to 15 
 grains.) 
 
 ANALGESIN. See Antipyrin. 
 
 ANALGIA. 
 
 Proprietary analgesic and antipyretic. 
 
 ANASPALIN E. 
 
 This consists of a mixture of wool-fat, with about 25$ of petrolatum . 
 
 ANDUNEA. 
 
 A proprietary analgesic. 
 
 ANEMONIN. C 10 H 8 O 4 . 
 
 This is the active principle of the herbs Anemone pulsatilla, A. pratensis and Ranun- 
 culus acer. 
 
 It occurs in colorless, crystalline needles, which melt at 152° C. (305.6° F.), and 
 readily dissolve in warm alcohol and the oils while being almost insoluble in water. 
 Anemonm is employed in treatment of whooping cough, bronchitis and asthma in 
 doses of 0.05 to 1.01 Gm. (0.T to 1.5 grains). 
 
 ANETHOL. C 3 H 5 -C 6 H 4 -0-CH 3 . 
 
 Synonyms: Para-Allyl- Phenyl-Methyl-Ether ; Anise Camphor. 
 
 Anethol constitutes th* main constituent of oil of anise. It occurs in colorless 
 crystals, melting at 22° C. (71.6° F.) and boiling at 234° C. (453° F.), soluble in alcohol 
 and the oils, but insoluble in water. 
 
 Anethol is employed as an antiseptic, also as a flavoring constituent in liquors, etc. 
 
 ANGIONEU ROSIN. See Nitroglycerin. 
 
 AN HYDRO-GLUCO-CH LORAL. See Chloralose. 
 
 ANISE CAMPHOR. See Anethol. 
 
 ANISIC ACID. C 6 H 4 (OCH 3 )COOH. 
 
 Synonym : Paramethoxy-Benzoic Acid. 
 
 This is an isomer of methyl salicylic acid, obtained by oxidation of anethol, a 
 constituent of oils of anise and fennel. 
 
 It forms colorless prismatic crystals, which melt at 180° C. (356° F.) It is insoluble 
 in cold water, but very soluble in alcohol. 
 
 Employed externally it possesses antiseptic properties. Internally it exerts anti- 
 pyretic and anti-rheumatic properties. It is usually administered as sodium salt. 
 
 SODIUM ANISATE. This is obtained by neutralizing anisic acid with sodium 
 carbonate or bicarbonate. The commercial salt constitutes a hygroscopic, crystalline 
 powder of less disagreeable taste than the acid. 
 
 The dose is 1 Gm. (L5 grains.) 
 
 PHENYLESTER OF ANISIC ACID. C 6 H 4 (0CH 3 )C0 2 C 6 H 5 . This compound 
 bears the same relationship to anisic acid as salol does to salicylic acid. It is obtained 
 by the action of phosphorus pentachlorid on a mixture of anisic acid and phenol. 
 
 It occurs as colorless crystals, which melt at 75° C. (167 F°.), insoluble in water, but 
 very soluble in alcohol and ether. 
 
 It is employed in the treatment of neuralgia and rheumatism, in doses from 0.5 to 
 1.0 Gm. (8 to 15 grains.) 
 
THE NEWER REMEDIES. 
 
 AN N I DALI N. See Aristol. 
 
 ANODYNIN (Anodin.) See Antipyrin. 
 
 ANTALGIA. 
 
 A proprietary antipyretic and analgesic. 
 
 ANTHRAROBIN. C 6 H 4 
 
 ^ C (OH) 
 
 < I >C 6 H 2 (OH). 2 . 
 
 CH 
 
 Synonyms: Dioxyanthrol ; Desoxy- Alizarin ; Leuko- Alizarin. 
 
 A phenol derivative related to chrysophanic acid, obtained by the reduction of 
 alizarin. 
 
 Anthrarobin is a yellowish white powder, insoluble in water, but very soluble in 
 aqueous solutions of the alkalies and alkaline earths. These alkaline solutions rapidly 
 turn green, then blue, through absorption of oxygen from the air, alizarin being re- 
 formed. 
 
 It is employed as a substitute for chrysarobin in skin diseases, usually as a 10 to 20^ 
 ointment. 
 
 ANTIBACILLIN. 
 
 A proprietary disinfectant. 
 
 ANTIDIPHTHERITIKON. 
 
 Bokai’s mixture of Oil of Birch (5). Oil of Beech (3), Alcohol (90), Potassium Carbon- 
 ate (1), and Potassium Sulphide (5). Used as a diphtheria remedy. 
 
 ANTIDIPHTHERIN. 
 
 A sterilized solution containing cultures of diphtheria bacillus, in addition to 0.?$ 
 of ortho-cresol and some glycerin. It occurs in commerce in two concentrations, one 
 double and the other four times the strength of the original culture fluid. The 
 stronger solution is employed for painting the affected parts, while the weaker is used 
 for hypodermic injection (V6 cc.) 
 
 ANTIDOLOR. 
 
 A proprietary anodyne. 
 
 ANTIFEBRIN. See Acetanilid. 
 
 ANTIFETOR. 
 
 A proprietary deodorizing powder. 
 
 ANTIKAMNIA. 
 
 A secret remedy employed as an antipyretic and analgesic. Various analyses have 
 shown the presence of acetanilide, sodium bicarbonate and caffeine. Its dose is given 
 as 0.3 to 0.6 Gm. (5 to 10 grains.) 
 
 ANTIKOL. 
 
 A powder said to be a mixture of acetanilide (75p.), sodium bicarbonate (17.5p.) and 
 tartaric, acid (7.5p.) (Goldmann). 
 
 ANTINERVIN. 
 
 A powder consisting of acetanilide (50 p.), ammonium bromide (25 p.), and salicylic 
 acid (25 p.) (Squibb). 
 
 It is employed as an anidnervine anl antipyretic, in doses of 0.5 Gm. (8 grains). 
 
 ANTINONNIN. . See under Cresol. 
 
 ANTIPYRALGOS. 
 
 A proprietary antipyretic and anodyne. 
 
 ANTIPYRINE. CnH^NjO. 
 
 Synonyms: Analgesine ; Anodynin ; Parodyn : Oxy-Dimethyl-Ghinizin ; 
 Phenazon ; Phenyl-Dimethyl Pyrazolon ; Phenylon ; Se’datin ; Di- 
 Methyl-Phenyl-Pyrazolon ; Methozine; Pyrazine. 
 
 This is a synthetical base, obtained by the action of aceto-acetic ester on plienyl- 
 hydrazine. the resulting phenyl-methyl-pyrazolon being methylated. 
 
 Antioyrina occurs in colorless and odorless crystals, which melt between 112°-113° 
 C. (233 6° -235 4° F.), and are readily soluble in water and alcohol. 
 
 Its solutions are turned a green color on addition of nitrous acid (Sp. Etlieris Ni 
 trosi), and a deep red color on addition of ferric chloride (Tr. Ferri Ohloridi). Because 
 of its strongly basic properties, antipyrine presents a number of incompatibles. 
 
8 
 
 THE NEWER REMEDIES. 
 
 The following is a list of the more important of these : 
 
 Acidum Hydrocyanicum Dil. 
 
 Acidum Tannicum. All galenical preparations containing tannin form insoluble 
 precipitates. 
 
 Acidum Carbolicum ; either one precipitates the other from solution. 
 
 Chloral Hydrate and Butyl Chloral. 
 
 Ferri Sulphas. 
 
 Ferric Salts in solution (red color). Frequently dispensed. 
 
 Liquor Arsenii et Hydrargyri Iodidi ; insoluble precipitate. 
 
 Mercurous and Mercuric Chloride. 
 
 Nitrites in solution (green color*. Frequently dispensed. 
 
 Sodii Bicarbonas. 
 
 Tinctura Iodi ; insoluble precipitate. 
 
 When triturated with Chloral, Phenyl-Urethane, Beta-Naphthol or Sodium Salicyl- 
 ate, it forms a pasty or liquid mass. 
 
 Antipyrine increases the solubility of Caffeine and Quinine Salts in water 
 
 Internally it is employed as an antipyretic, antirheumatic and antineuralgic in 
 doses of 1 to 2 Gm. (15 to HO grains) for adults, and <>.2 to 0.5 Gm. (3 to 8 grains) for chil- 
 dren. Externally, antipyrinejis used as an antiseptic and haemostatic. 
 
 DERIVATIVES AND ALLIED COMPOUNDS. 
 
 Antipyrine. being a basic body, readily unites with acids to form salts, a number 
 of which have been introduced into medicine. 
 
 SALIPYRINE , or ANTIPYRINE SALICYLATE (CnH 12 N 2 0 .C 7 H 6 03 ), is ob- 
 tained by interaction between antipyrine and salicylic acid ; 57.7 parts of the former 
 and 42.3 parts of the latter being heated together on a water bath, the resulting oily- 
 like fluid which solidifies on cooling is crystallized from alcohol. It occurs as a crys 
 talline, inodorous powder, melting at 92° C. (197.6° F.), soluble in 200 parts of cold and 
 25 parts of boiling water, very soluble in alcohol and ether. Salipyrine exerts the com- 
 bined effects of antipyrine and salicylic acid, being employed in the treatment of 
 acute and chronic rheumatism, rheumatic sciatica and influenza, in doses of 1 to 2 Gm. 
 (15 to 30 grains). 
 
 AGOPYRIN. A secret remedy which appears in the form of tablets containing 
 ammonium chloride 1-3 grain, cinchonine sulphate 1-3 grain and salicin 4 grains. 
 
 ACETYL AMID O ANTIPYRINE is the acetyl derivative of amido-antipyrine. 
 which in turn is obtained by the reduction of iso nitroso-antipyrine. This latter 
 body results from the action of nitrous acid on antipyrine. It forms a crystalline 
 powder which melts at 197° C. (386.6° F.), its properties being similar to those of anti- 
 pyrine. 
 
 AMID 0 ANTIPYRINE occurs in yellow needles which melt at 119° C. (288° F.) 
 It is obtained by the reduction of isonitroso-antipyrine, which results from the action 
 of nitrous acid on antipyrine. 
 
 BUTYL-HYPN AL is a combination of butyl chloral and antipyrine, similar to 
 that of the latter with chloral hydrate (see Hypnal.) It forms colorless needles, melt- 
 ing at 70° C. (158° F.), soluble in 30 parts of water and readily soluble in alcohol. 
 
 DICELORALANTIPYRINE (C 11 H 12 N 2 0-f2CCl 3 CH(0H) 2 ) is obtained by tri- 
 turating 94 parts of antipyrine with 165.5 parts of chloral hydrate until a mass is ob- 
 tained, which is crystallized from hot water. Its medicinal properties are like those 
 of monochloralantipyrine. 
 
 IODOPYRINE , or IODO ANTIPYRINE (C n H n IN 2 0), forms colorless needles, 
 which melt at 160°C. (320° F.), being only slightly soluble in water. Iodopyrine has 
 the action of an iodide in addition to that of antipyrine : its dose being 0 5 to 1.5 Gm. 
 (8 to 23 grains). 
 
 MIGRA NIN. This is an antipyrine preparation, the composition of which is, accord- 
 ing to various analyses, antipyrine 89.4$, caffeine 8.2$, citric acid 0.56$ and moisture 
 1.84$. It is recommended as a specific in the treatment of migraine, and is also em- 
 ployed in relieving the headache of influenza. The dose is given as 1 Gm. (15 5 grains). 
 
 PARA-METHOXY- PHENYL - DIMETHYL - P YRA Z OL ON or PA RA - ME- 
 THOXY- ANTIPYRINE. Obtained by methylating the product of the reaction be- 
 tween p methoxy-phenyl-hydra-zine and acetoacetic ester. It forms crystals which 
 melt at 82° C. (17^.6° F ), being readily soluble in water and alcohol. The ethoxy 
 compound melts at 91° C. (195 8° F.) , . . ' . 
 
 Both of these compounds possess antipyretic and antineuralgic properties, being 
 weaker, however, than antipyrine. 
 
 MONOCHLORALANTIPYRINE , or HYPNAL (CnH 12 N 2 0. CC1 3 CH (OH) a ), is 
 obtained by triturating together 188 parts of antipyrine and 165.5 parts of chloral 
 hydrate until liquefaction takes place; the oily-like fluid is then dissolved in hot 
 water and set aside t * crystallize. Hypnal forms colorless crystals, which melt at 
 67.5° C. (154° F.), and are readily soluble in warm water. It is employed as a hypnotic 
 and analgesic in doses of 1 to 2 Gm. (15 to 3U grains). 
 
 NAPHTHOPYRINE (Beta-Naphthol-Antipyrine) is a molecular compound of beta- 
 naphthol and antipyrine, obtained by trituration. 
 
THE NEWER REMEDIES. 
 
 9 
 
 
 PHEN OPYRINE is prepared from equal parts of phenol and antipyrine. It is an 
 oily, colorless fluid, free from odor, insoluble in cold water. 
 
 PYRO GALL OPYRINE is obtained by reaction between pvro?allol and antipy- 
 rine. 
 
 RESOPYRINE (C n H 12 N 2 04-C 6 H 4 (OH) 2 ) is obtained by reaction between anti- 
 pyrine and resorcin in solution in molecular proportions. This is obtaiued by crystal- 
 lization in fine rhombic crystals, which are insoluble in water and soluble in 5 parts of 
 alcohol. Nothing definite is known concerning its therapeutic properties. 
 
 ANTIPYRINE MANDELATE. See Tussol. 
 
 ANTIPYRINE PHENYL-GLYCOLATE. See Tussol. 
 
 ANTIPYRINE SALICYLATE. See Salipyrin, under Antipyrin. 
 
 ANTIRHEUMATIN. 
 
 This compound of sodium salicylate and methylene blue (q. v.) forms blue, prisma- 
 tic crystals, soluble in water and alcohol. Recommended as an antirheumatic, in 
 doses of 0.06 to 0.09 Gm, (1 to 1^ grains). 
 
 ANTISEPSINE. C 6 H 4 Br NH-CH 3 CO. 
 
 Synonyms: Asepsine; Para-Brom-Acetanilid ; p-Mono-Brom-Phenyl-Aceta- 
 mid. 
 
 Asepsine is obtained by adding bromine, in molecular proportions, to a solution 
 of acetanilid in glacial acetic acid ; the white precipitate formed is recrystallized from 
 alcohol. It forms colorless crystals, which melt between 165° and 166° (’. ( 29° to 
 3:30.8° F.) It is but slightly soluble in water, more so in alcohol. Its properties are 
 those of an antipyretic, in doses of 1 to 2 Gm (15 to 30 grains) ; it is also of value in 
 treatment of muscular rheumatism and neuralgia. 
 
 ANTISEPTOL. (Chemical Formula Uncertain). 
 
 Synonyms : Antiseptolum ; Cinchonin-Herapathit ; Cinchonin Iodosul- 
 phate. 
 
 To a solution of 25 parts of cinchonin sulphate, in 2.000 parts of water, is added a 
 solution of 10 parts of iodine and 10 parts of potassium iodide in water, the precipitate 
 is collected, washed and dried. This constitutes a red-brown powder, which is in- 
 soluble in water, but very soluble in alcohol and chloroform. It contains about 50^ of 
 iodine. 
 
 Antis«'ptol is employed as a substitute for iodoform. 
 
 ANTISPASMIN. C 23 H 26 N0 8 Na+3C 6 H 4 (OH) COONa. 
 
 This is a double salt of narceine sodium and salicylate of sodium. It forms a 
 white, slightly hygroscopic powder, which dissolves readily in water. The compound 
 contains about 50# of narceine and has an alkaline reaction. Antispasmin is a hyp- 
 notic and sedative, being administered in doses of 0.01 to 0.1 Gm. (i/ 6 to 1 ^ grains). 
 
 ANTITETRAIZIN. 
 
 A derivative of quinine, recommended by Zambeletti in treatment of neuralgia, 
 influenza, etc., in doses of 0.2 to 0.25 Gm. (3 to 4 grains). 
 
 ANTITHERMAL. 
 
 A proprietary febrifuge. 
 
 ANTITHERM IN. CH 3 C (C«H 5 N 2 H) C 2 H 4 COOH. 
 
 Synonym: Phenylhydrazine-Laevulinic Acid. 
 
 This compound is obtained by interaction between a solution of phenylhydrazine 
 in acetic acid and laevulinic acid. It occurs in colorless, tasteless crystals, which melt 
 at 108° < ). (226.4° F.), almost insoluble in cold water. 
 
 Antithermin is employed as an antipyretic in pulmonary phthisis and morbus 
 Bnghtii, the dose being 0 2 Gm. (3 grains). 
 
 ANTITOXIN E. See Diphtheria Antitoxine. 
 
 ANTITOXINE. 
 
 A proprietary antipyretic, not to be confounded with the generic term “Antitox- 
 ine.” the blood serum of immunized animals. 
 
 APIOL. C 12 H 14 0 4 . 
 
 A stearoptene obtained from the fruits of Petroselinum Sativum. The alcoholic 
 extract of the fruit is reduced to extractive consistence and the extract washed with 
 ether, whereby the apiol goes into solution and on evaporation of the ether crystal- 
 lizes. The so-called liquid apiol is merely an alcoholic extract of the parsley fruit. 
 
10 
 
 THE NEWER REMEDIES. 
 
 
 Apiol forms colorless needles, of feeble parsley- like odor, melting at 32° C. (89.6° F.), 
 insoluble in water, very soluble in alcohol, ether, fixed and volatile oils. 
 
 It is employed as an antiperiodic and against dysmenorrhoea. Dose 0.25 Gm. 
 (4 grains). 
 
 APOCODEIA HYDROCHLORATE. C 18 H 19 N0 2 -HC1. 
 
 Synonym : Apocodeinum Hydrochloricum. 
 
 This is prepared from codeine in a manner analogous to the manufacture of apo- 
 morphine from morphine Apocodeine hydrochi' »rate forms an amorphous, yellow- 
 ish powder, soluble in alcohol and water. Its properties are similar to those of apo- 
 morphine, it being employed as an expectorant in doses of 0.06 to 0.08 Gm. (I to 1*4 
 grains). 
 
 APYONIN. 
 
 A yellow,' crystalline powder, introduced as a rival to auramine for use in ophthal- 
 mic surgery. It is slightly soluble in water and readily in alcohol. 
 
 ARBUTIN. (C 12 H 16 0 7 ) 2 +H 2 0. 
 
 A glucoside obtained from the leaves of the bearberry. Arctostaphylos uva ursi. 
 
 It occurs in colorless, silky needles, which melt at 17o° C. (338° F.), soluble in 8 
 parts of cold water and 16 parts of alcohol. Arbutin is employed in diseases of the 
 kidneys and urinary tract, being given in doses up to 5 Gm. (75 grains). 
 
 ARECOLIN. C 8 H 13 N0 2 . 
 
 A liquid alkaloid obtained from the betel-nut ( Areca catechu'). It is a strongly 
 alkaline liquid, miscible with water, alcohol or ether ; boiling at 220° C. (428° F.) 
 
 Arecolin is employed as an anthelmintic, in doses of 0 003 to 0.004 Gm. (1-20 to 1-16 
 grain). Great care should be observed in its administration, as it is a powerful 
 heart poison. 
 
 The hydrochlorate of arecolin , a soluble crystalline salt, melting at 167° C., is also 
 employed for the same purposes as the above. 
 
 ARGENT AMIN. 
 
 An antiseptic, employed in gonorrhoea. It is a solution of silver phosphate in 
 aqueous solution of aethylendiamine. In the preparation of this the manufacturers 
 have sought to present an antiseptic, which does not precipitate albumen, held in solu- 
 tion in a non-corrosive and non-toxic solvent. It has been found that the antiseptic 
 power of strong alkiline solvents is greater than simple aqueous solutions, since the 
 alkalies dissolve the membrane of the micro-organism ; as organic bases adapted to 
 this purpose are aethylendiamine and alkyl derivatives, piperazin. etc. As antiseptics, 
 which, in conjunction with these organic bases, do not precipitate albumen, are 
 phenol, cresol, thymol, naphthol, guaiacol and silver salts. The solutions are prepared 
 thus, after the patent : 10 parts of aethylendiamine are dissolved in 500 parts of water, 
 adding 10 parts of freshly dissolved cresol. Where creosote or guaiacol is employed, 
 it is better to use a larger amount of the base (aethylendiamine). For the preparation of 
 the silver solutions 10 parts of silver phosphate (nitrate or chloride) are added slowly, 
 with constant stirring, to a solution of 10 parts of the base in 100 parts of water. 
 
 C3H7 C3H7. 
 
 ARISTOL. > C 6 H 2 (OI)-OIH s Ce < 
 
 CH S ch 3 . 
 
 Synonyms: Annidalin ; Di-Iodo-Dithymol ; Di-Thymol-Iodide. 
 
 To a solution of 5 parts of thymol and 1.2 parts of sodium-hydrate in 10 parts of 
 water, add gradually under constant stirring, a solution of 6 parts of iodine and 9 
 parts of potassium iodide in 10 parts of water. The precipitate is washed with 
 water and dried at low temperature. Aristol forms a pale chocolate colored amor- 
 phous powder, insoluble in water and glycerin, slightly soluble in alcohol, readily in 
 ether and collodion ; light and heat cause its decomposition. Aristol contains 45.8 per 
 cent, of iodine. This compound was introduced as a substitute for iodoform, pos- 
 sessing the advantage of being ooorless. Ointments containing it are usually pre- 
 pared of the strength of 5 to 10 per cent. ; other forms of applying it are solutions in 
 oils, ether and collodion. 
 
 AROPHENE. A proprietary dental anaesthetic. 
 
 ASAPROL. (C 10 H«. b OH. a S0 3 ) 2 Ca+3H 2 0. 
 
 Synonym: Beta-naphtol-a-mono-sulphonate of calcium. 
 
 This is prepared by saturating an aqueous solution of Beta-naphtol-a-monosul- 
 phonic acid with calcium carbonate, evaporating and crystallizing the salt. Asaprol 
 forms a colorless to pale reddish inodorous powder, which is soluble in 1)4 parts of 
 water and 3 parts of alcohol, 
 
THE NEWER REMEDIES. 
 
 11 
 
 It is employed as an antipyretic and analgesic in doses of 1 to 4 Gm. (15 to 6o 
 grains), 
 
 ASEPSINE. See Antisepsine, 
 
 ASEPTIC ACID. 
 
 This should not be confounded with aseptol, asepsin or antisepsin. Aseptic acid 
 is an aqueous solution of 5 Gm. boric acid in 1000 Gm. of hydrogen peroxide (5%) with 
 or without the addition of 3 Gm. of salicylic acid. (Thoms.) 
 
 The properties of this solution are antiseptic. 
 
 ASEPTOL. CeH 4 <g£ H . 
 
 Synonyms: Acidum Sozolicum ; Sozolic Acid ; Ortho-Phenol-Sulphonic 
 Acid ; Ortho-Sulpho Carbolic Acid. 
 
 Equal parts of concentrated sulphuric acid and phenol are mixed, the two liquid > 
 kept at as low a temperature as possible, otherwise, by higher temperature the para- 
 acid forms instead of the ortho. After standing several days, it is poured into water 
 and neutralized with barium carbonate ; the oarium sulphate is filtered off, the filtrate 
 containing the barium salt of sozolic acid. The barium is removed from this com- 
 pound by careful addition of sulphuric acid. 
 
 Aseptol is a 33 1-3 per cent, solution of ortho-phenol-sulphonic acid, its specific 
 gravity being 1.155 ; it possesses a feeble odor resembling phenol. On long standing it 
 gradually goes over into the para compound. Aseptol is employed as an antiseptic wash 
 in 10 per cent, solution. Its solutions in glycerin, oil or alcohol are inactive. It is ad- 
 ministered internally as an anti fermentive in like doses as salicylic acid. 
 
 ASPARAGIN. C 2 H 3 (NHj) <coOH 2 + H2 ° 
 
 Synonyms: Asparamid ; Amido-Succino- Amide. m 
 
 A crystalline principle which occurs in asparagus and marshmallow root, being ob- 
 tained from the latter by evaporating the aqueous extract to a concentrated volume 
 and crystallizing. 
 
 Asparagin forms colorless crystals, which are only slightly soluble in cold water 
 and alcohol. 
 
 It is employed as a diuretic in doses of 0.05 to 0.1 Gm. (0.7 to 1.5 grains). 
 
 ASPARAMID. See Asparagin. 
 
 ASPIDOSPERMIN. C 20 H 3 oN 2 0 2 . 
 
 An alkaloid isolated from the bark of Aspidosperma Quebracho. It occurs in color- 
 less crystals, which a~e insoluble in water and soluble in about 48 parts of alcohol. It 
 is employed in treatment of asthma, dyspnoea, emphysema, etc., in doses of 0.016 to 
 0.03 Gm. 04 to 14 grain). 
 
 ATHANON. 
 
 A proprietary disinfectant. 
 
 AURAMINE. See Pyoktaninum Aureum. 
 
 BACILLIN. 
 
 A proprietary deodorizer and disinfectant. 
 
 BENZACETIN. 
 
 Synonym: Acet-Amido Methyl-Salicylic Acid. 
 
 This compound forms colorless crystals, melting at 205° C. (401° F.), and almost 
 insoluble in water. Recommended as an antineuralgic, in doses of 0.5 to 1. Gm. 
 (8 to 15 grains). 
 
 BENZ AN ALGEN E. See Analgene. 
 
 BENZANILIDE. C a H 5 NH CO C 6 H 5 . 
 
 Synonym : Benzoyl-Anilide. 
 
 Obtained by the action of benzoyl chloride on aniline in the presence of caustic 
 soda. It forms colorless crystals, insoluble in water, soluble in alcohol, melting at 163° 
 G. (325.4° F.) 
 
 Benzanilide is employed as an antipyretic, suitable for children, the dose being 0.1 
 to 0.5 Gm. (1.5 to 8 grains), according to age. 
 
 BENZONAPHTHOL. C«H 6 CO 2 -e 10 H 7 . 
 
 Synonyms: Beta-Naphthol Benzoate ; Benzoyl-Beta-Naphthol. 
 
12 
 
 THE NEWER REMEDIES. 
 
 
 This compound is analogous to betol (naphtho-salol). being a naphthyl ester of 
 benzoic acid (C 6 H 5 C0 2 H). and is obtained by the action of benzoyl chloride on beta 
 naphthol. Benzonaphthol occurs in crystalline needles, or powder, inodorous, taste- 
 less insoluble in water, soluble in alcohol a'id chloroform, melts at 110° C. (230° F.) 
 Employed as an intestinal antiseptic in doses of 0.25 to 0 5 Gm. (4 to 8 grains), being 
 split up in the intestines into beta-naphthol and benzoic acid. 
 
 BENZO PARA-CRESOL. C 6 H 4 (CH 3 ) (CO-C 6 H 5 ). 
 
 Prepared by action of benzoyl chloride on the sodium salt of para-cresol. Insolu- 
 ble in water. Soluble in ether and hot alcohol. Properties antiseptic. 
 
 BENZOSOL. C 6 H 4 OCH 3 OCOC 6 H 5 . 
 
 Synonyms : Guaiacol Benzoate ; Benzoyl-Guaiacol. 
 
 This is a compound of guaiacol, in which a hydrogen atom of its hydroxyl is re- 
 placed by benzoyl. It is obtained by the action of benzoyl chloride on the sodium 
 salt of guaiacol. Benzosol occurs as a colorless, crystalline powder, inodorous, taste- 
 less. melting at 50° C. (122° F.) ; insoluble in water, readily soluble in alcohol. It 
 contains 54# of guaiacol. 
 
 This compound is employed as an antiseptic in the treatment of phthisis, the dose 
 being 0.25 to 0.5 Gm. (4 to 8 grains). 
 
 BENZOYL-ANILIDE. See Benzanilide. 
 
 BENZOYL- BETA-NAPHTHOL. See Benzonaphthol, 
 
 BENZOYL-GUAIACOL. See Benzosol. 
 
 BENZOYL-PARA-CRESOL. See under Cresol. 
 
 BENZOYL-PSEUDO-TROPEIN HYDROCHLORIDE. See Tropa-Cocaine Hydro- 
 chloride. 
 
 BENZOYL-SULPHON1C-IMIDE. See Saccharin. 
 
 BETOL. C 6 H 4 (OH)COO.C 10 H 7 . 
 
 Synonyms: Naphthalol; Naphthosalol; Salinaphthol ; Salicylicnaphthylether. 
 
 Salol and betol are derivatives of salicylic acid, differing from one another in that 
 in the former, a hydrogen atom of the salicylic acid is replaced by a phenyl 
 group, (C 6 H 5 ) while in the latter, it is replaced by a naphthyl group (C 10 H 7 ). Betol is 
 prepared by heating together a mixture of beta-naphthol-sodium, sodium salicylate 
 and phosphorus oxychloride. It forms a white, inodorous and tasteless, crystalline 
 powder, which melts at 95°C. (203°F.), almost insoluble in water, but dissolves readily 
 in alcohol and ether. Betol is employed as an intestinal antiseptic ; it is also of value 
 in treatment of vesical catarrh and articular rheumatism. The dose is 0.3 to 0.5 Gm. 
 (5 to 8 grains). 
 
 ALPHOL is the corresponding salicylic ester of a-naphthol. 
 
 It is employed in doses of 0.5 to 1.0 Gm. (8 to 15 grains) in treatment of articular 
 rheumatism and gonorrhoeic affections. 
 
 BISMUTH COMPOUNDS. 
 
 The various organic salts of bismuth are prepared by interaction between a solu- 
 tion of bismuth nitrate [Bi (N0 3 ) 3 ] and a salt of the organic acid, the resulting bis- 
 muth compound precipitating. In order to obtain a clear aqueous solution of bis- 
 muth nitrate it is necessary either to dissolve the crystals, first in glycerin (2:3). then 
 diluting with water, or to add sufficient nitric acid to the mixture of bismuth nitrate 
 and water to effect a clear solution ; in this latter instance it is necessary that the solu- 
 tion of organic salt be slightly alkaline. Bismuth nitrate may be also dissolved in a 25# 
 sodium chloride solution or in acetic or diluted nitric acid. 
 
 ALBUMINATE . A pale gray or white insoluble powder, containing about 9# of 
 bismuth. Employed in gastric and intestinal cramps, in doses of 0.5 to 1 Gm. (8 to 15 
 grains). 
 
 BENZOATE (Sub-Benzoate.) Bi(C 6 H 5 C0 2 )3. Bi(OH) 3 . By the heat of a water 
 bath. 20 parts of bismuth nitrate Bi(N0 3 ) 8 are dissolved in 30 parts of glycerin, then 
 diluted with 70 parts of water and poured slowly into a solution of 20 parts of sodium 
 benzoate in 1,000 paits of water. (This order must not be reversed) The resulting 
 precipitate is washed with warm water until the washings no longer react for nitric 
 acid (Diphenylamine T. S ), then dried at a temperature not above 80° C. Bismuth ben- 
 zoate forms a white insoluble powder, which is employed as a dusting powder for 
 torpid ulcers ; also used internally, being preferred by many to bismuth salicylate. 
 
 DITHIOSALICYLA TE , or THIOFORM. See under Dithiosalicylic Acid. 
 
 NAPHTHOL ATE. Obtained by adding a solution of beta-naphthol in an alkali 
 to a solution of bismuth nitrate, the latter being dissolved by aid of glycerin (see 
 above) or a dilute acid. The precipitated bismuth naphtholate is well washed and 
 
THE NEWER REMEDIES. 
 
 13 
 
 » 
 
 dried at low temperature. It forms a brownish, tasteless powder, insoluble in water ; 
 it is employed as an intestimal antiseptic, in doses of 1 to 2 Gm. (15 to 30 grains). 
 
 OLE ATE (Ci 7 H 33 C0 2 ) 3 Bi. Obtained by precipitating a solution of sodium oleate 
 with a solution of an equivalent amount of bismuth trinitrate ; the solution of the lat- 
 ter being prepared as above directed. An insoluble powder possessing emollient and 
 mild astringent properties ; employed in various skin diseases. 
 
 OXYIODIDE , SUBIODIDE, or BASIC IODIDE. Bi 01. Crystalline bismuth 
 trinitrate 95.4 Gm. is dissolved in 120 Cc. of glacial acetic acid ; this solution is then 
 poured, under constant stirring, into a solution of 33.2 Gm. of potassium iodide and 
 50 Gm. of sodium acetate in two liters of water. The precipitated oxyiodide is then 
 washed by decantation, strained off and dried at 100° C. This is a reddish-brown 
 heavy powder, insoluble in all solvents, except acid and alkali solutions, by which it is 
 decomposed. Recommended as an antiseptic, combining the action of iodine and bis 
 muth. 
 
 OXYCHLORIDE ( Subchloride ). This is made by pouring a solution of bismuth 
 trinitrate in diluted nitric acid into a solution of common salt. The white precipitate 
 is well washed and then dried. Its medicinal uses are the same as those of the sub- 
 nitrate. 
 
 OXY-IOD O-GALL ATE, or AIR OL, C 6 H 2 (OH) 3 C0 2 BiOHI, is a substitute for 
 iodoform, applied in ointment (water-free lard or lanolin) or dusted on in powder. It 
 is light grayish-green in color ; has no odor or taste. 
 
 PHENOLATE . or CARBOLATE, Bi (OED 2 , C 6 H 5 0. Prepared by interaction be- 
 tween a solution of bismuth trinitrate (see above) and a solution of sodium phenolate. 
 Gray colored, insoluble, inodorous powder, used as an intestinal antiseptic in doses 
 of 0,5 to 1 Gm. (8 to 15 grains) also externally as an antiseptic dusting-powder. 
 
 PYROGALLATE, [C 6 H 3 (0H) 2 0] 2 Bi0H. Prepared by dissolving 150 parts of pyro- 
 gallic acid in 650 parts of a 25 per cent, sodium chloride solution, and adding this solu- 
 tion to 3 16 parts of bismuth trichloride dissolved in 1000 parts of a salt solution of the 
 same strength. After digesting on a water- bath for one half hour, the solution is 
 poured into water, and the basi" bismuth salt thus precipitated is washed with water 
 acidulated with nitric acid until the washings are free from chlorides. Forms a yel- 
 low insoluble powder, which is recommended as an internal and external antiseptic. 
 
 RESORCINA TE. A solution of bismuth trinitrate is added to a solution of resor- 
 cin in excess of alkali. It forms a yellowish-brown powder which contains about 40 
 per cent, of Bi 2 0 3 . This compound is employed in treatment of chronic and acute 
 catarrh of the stomach. The dose is not known. 
 
 SALICYLATE. (Bi (0 7 H 5 0 3 ) 3 . Bi (OH) 3 +3H 2 0). The following process of L. Wol- 
 mann (Apoth. Ztg. 9.978) yields a bismuth salicylate of constant composition. Twenty- 
 five parts of metallic bismuth in coarse powder is added in small portions to 125 parts 
 of nitric acid (sp. gr. 1.20), heated to 75° to 90° C.; toward the end of the operation the 
 temperature is increased to boiling. After standing several days, the fluid is decanted 
 and evaporated to low bulk and crystallized. The crystals of bismuth nitrate are 
 washed with a little water containing nitric acid, and, after draining. 48. 6 parts of the 
 crystals are dissolved in about 200 parts of dilute acetic acid and the solution ren- 
 dered alkaline by the addition of aqua ammonias. The precipitate is well washed by 
 decantation, until the wash water ceases to give a blue color on addition of a piece of 
 zinc and a few drops of iodide of starch solution. The precipitate is brought to 
 a paste by triturating with a little water in a mortar, then adding 13.8 parts of salicylic 
 acid and heating on a water bath until the blue white color changes into that of a 
 yellow-white. The mass is then collected on a muslin strainer, pressed and dried at a 
 temperature not above 75°C. The bismuth salicylate thus obtained is a white, inodor- 
 ous, tasteless and insoluble powder containing 64.65 per cent, of Bi 2 0 3 , 
 
 CERIUM-SALICYLATE forms an insoluble, pink-colored powder, being a valu- 
 able remedy in the threatment of diseases of the gastric and intestinal mucous mem- 
 branes. Bose 1 to 2 Gm, (15 to 30 grains). 
 
 SUBGALLATE. See Dermatol. 
 
 SULPHITE. Prepared bv interaction between solutions of sodium sulphite an 1 
 bismuth nitrate, the latter being brought into solution bv means of glycerin (see His 
 muth Salts). Bismuth sulphite possesses an antiseptic and antifermentive action, 
 being employed as such in intestinal disorders. Dose same as the subnitrate. 
 
 VALERIAN ATE. This is made bv mixing 32 parts of bismuth subnitrate made 
 into a thick paste with water, with a solution of sodium carbonate 11 parts, valeric 
 acid 9 parts and water 30 parts ; this mixture is allowed to digest for one hour, fre- 
 quently stirring ; the undissolved precipitate is collected, washed with cold water 
 and dried at 30° C. ft forms a white insoluble powder, possessing a stroner valerian- 
 like odor. Bismuth valerianate possesses the effect of the bismuth salts in addition to 
 the anodyne action of the valeric acid. Dose is 0.05 to 0 25 Gm. (1 to 4 grains). 
 BOLDIN. 
 
 A principle obtained from the leaves of the Boldoa chiliensis. It is a white, amor- 
 phous. bitter powder, almost insoluble in water, readily soluble in alcohol, ether and 
 chloroform. Employed as a tonic, also as hypnotic. Dose 0.064 Gm. (1 grain). 
 
14 
 
 THE NEWER REMEDIES. 
 
 « 
 
 BORAL. 
 
 Synonym: Aluminum Boro-Tartrate. 
 
 Through the interaction between aqueous solutions of borax and aluminum sul- 
 phate, aluminum borate is obtained according to the following equation: 3Na 2 B 4 0 7 -bAI 2 
 (S0 4 ) 3 = 3 Va 2 S0 4 +Al 2 (B 4 0 7 ) 3 . The resulting precipitate is washed with water till free 
 from sodium sulphate, then 1 part of this aluminum borate is dissolved by the heat of 
 the water bath, in 10 parts of water, by means of l part of tartaric acid and evapor- 
 ated to dryness at not above 40°O. The resulting aluminum-boro tartrate (Boral) forms 
 a soluble crystalline powder, which is recommended as an astringent antiseptic, either 
 dry or in aqueous solution. 
 
 BOR-SALICYLATE. 
 
 A soluble and harmless antiseptic obtained by triturating together 32 parts of so- 
 dium salicylate and 25 parts of boric acid with a small amount of water ; the mass 
 soon becomes hard, when it is dried and powdered. 
 
 BORO-SALICYLATE OF GLYCERIN. 
 
 Boric and salicylic acids, when heated in the presence of glycerin, dissolve in large 
 proportions, but, on cooling, the mixture soon becomes turbid, forming a thick and 
 granular mass. If this mixture be heated anew until it boils and a small quantity oj 
 calcined magnesia be then added, the solution after cooling remains perfectly limpid. 
 The product thus obtained is miscible with water in all proportions. This boro-sali- 
 cylate of glycerine enables the operator to obtain extemporaneously a solution con- 
 taining equal parts of the two acids at a degree of concentration impossible with any 
 other method. Moreover, the microbicide and antiseptic properties of the salicylic 
 and boric acids are in nowise affected by their being transformed into a neutral or 
 basic salt. The following is the formula : 
 
 Boric acid 10 Gm. 
 
 Salicylic acid 10 “ 
 
 Distilled water 10 ‘ k 
 
 Thirty per cent. dist. glycerin 40 “ 
 
 Heat the mass in a flask until it boils and then add 1 Gm. calcined ma inesia ; re- 
 duce the fire and evaporate all the water, obtaining, after cooling, 50 Cc. of the gly- 
 cerole or boro-solicylate, 5 Cc. of which will contain exactly 1 Gm. each of salicylic and 
 boric acids, 
 
 BRASSICON. 
 
 A new headache remedy, a green-colored mixture, consisting, according to the 
 Siiddeutsche Apotheker Zeitung. of 2 Gm. oil of peppermint, 6 Gm. camphor, 4 Gm. ether, 
 12 Gm. alcohol and 6 drops of mustard oil. 
 
 BROMAL-H YDRATE. C Br. COH+H 2 0. 
 
 Synonym : Tri Brom- Aldehyde-Hydrate. 
 
 A mixture of alcohol 1 part and bromine 4 parts is heated to 140° C., then allowed to 
 cool slowly ; on standing, crystals of bromalhydrate separate. It forms colorless cry- 
 stals, soluble in water, melting at 53.5°C. (128.3° F.) ; when heated to 100°C, it is decom- 
 pose d into bromine and water. 
 
 Bromal-hydrate is employed as a sedative and antispasmodic, its action being the 
 same as that of chloral hydrate, being given, however, in smaller doses, [0.1 to 1 Gm. 
 (114 to 15 grain;-) ]. 
 
 BROMALIN. (C 6 H 12 N 4 , C 2 H 5 Br). 
 
 Synonym : Hexamethylene-Tetramin-Brom-Ethylate. 
 
 This compound appears in colorless scales, or as a white crystalline powder, read- 
 ily soluble in water It is administered to women and children in doses of 2 to 4 Gm. 
 (30 to 6U grains), as a nervine and sedative. 
 
 BROMAMIDE. C 6 H 2 Br 3 .NH 2 .HBr. 
 
 Synonym : Tri-Brom-Anilin Hydrobromide. 
 
 Nitrotribrombenzol is reduced by means of nascent hydrogen, the resulting pro- 
 duct being treated with hydrobromic acid. This occurs in colorless, tasteless crystals, 
 melting at 117° C. (242.6°F.), being employed as an antineuralgic in doses of 0.6 Gm. (10 
 grains). 
 
 BROMOFORM. C H Br 3 . 
 
 Synonym : Tri-Brom-Methane. 
 
 This analogue of chloroform is prepared by the action of sodium hypobromite on 
 acetone. It forms a clear, colorless liquid, of chloroformic odor and taste, its specific 
 gravity is 2.9 and boiling-point 152°<J. (305. 6° F.). Bromoform is only very slightly solu- 
 ble in water, but reaiily in alcohol. It is employed in treatment of whooping-cough 
 in daily doses of 5 to 20 drops. 
 
THE NEWER REMEDIES. 
 
 15 
 
 
 BROMOL. C 6 H 2 Br 3 OH. 
 
 Synonyms : Tri-Brom-Phenol ; Bromphenol. 
 
 This compound is obtained by pouring an aqueous solution of bromine in an aque- 
 ous solution of phenol, a white crystalline precipitate resulting. The precipitate i< 
 washed and crystallized from alcohol. Bromol forms colorless crystals, which are 
 iusoluble in water, very soluble in alcohol, fatty and volatile oils. It is employed ex 
 ternally as an antiseptic in solution (1:30 olive oil), or ointment (1:10). or as a dusting 
 powder. In the treatment of diphtheria it is used in a 1% glycerin solution. 
 
 BROMO-PHENOL. 
 
 Synonym : Ortho-Bromo- Phenol. 
 
 This is a dull, violet-colored liquid, having a phenol-like odor; obtained by treating 
 phenol with bromine. It is employed in the form of a 1 to 2% ointment in the treatment 
 of erysipelas. 
 
 BROM-PHENOL. See Bromol. 
 
 BURSIC ACID. 
 
 The active principle of the Bursa pastoris. Forms a pale, yellow, hygroscopic mass, 
 of astringent taste. Employed subcutaneously as a haemostatic, being of equal value 
 to ergot. 
 
 BUTYL-CHLORAL-HYDRATE.. C C1 3 -CH 2 -CH 2 -C0H-H 2 0. 
 
 Synonym : Croton Chloral. 
 
 A current of chlorine gas is passed through paraldehyde until saturated, the resulting 
 butyl-chloral is purified by distillation, and brought in contact with water. Butyl- 
 chloral-hydrate forms colorless, crystalline scales, which melt at 78°C., soluble in 30 
 parts of cold water, readily soluble in alcohol and ether. 
 
 It is employed as a hypnotic, ia doses of 1 to 1.5 Gm. (15 to 24 grains). 
 
 BUTYL- HYPNAL. See under Antipyrine. 
 
 BUTYROMEL. 
 
 A mixture of 2 parts of fresh unsalted butter and 1 part of honey ; intended as a 
 substitute for cod liver-oil. 
 
 BUXINE. C 16 H 21 N0 3 . 
 
 An alkaloid from the bark of Buxus sempervirens , identical with berberine. Recom- 
 mended as a tonic and febrifuge ; in doses of 1 to 2 Gm. (15 to 30 grains). 
 
 CADMIUM SALICYLATE. (C 6 H 4 (OH) C0 2 ) 2 Cd. 
 
 This salt is prepared by the action of salicylic acid upon cadmium hydrate or carb- 
 onate, or by precipitating barium salicylate with cadmium sulphate. When prepared 
 by the first method, molecular quantities of the two substances are heated together 
 with water until solution takes place, then evaporated to low bulk and crystallized. 
 Thus obtained cadmium salicylate forms fine, white, tabular crystals, which melt at 
 300° C. (572° F.) and dissolve in 24 parts of water at 100°C., and 63 parts at 23°C.; also sol- 
 uble in alcohol, ether and glycerin. The latter method of preparation yields an amor- 
 phous powder. Cadmium salicylate possesses a more energetic antiseptic action than 
 the other salts of cadmium, being recommended in treatment of purulent ophthalmia. 
 
 C/ESIUM BITARTRATE. Cs 2 C 4 U 4 0 6 . 
 
 Forms colorless prismatic, strongly refractive crystals which are readily soluble in 
 water. This and the corresponding Rubidium compound were recommended by 
 Schaefer in nervous heart palpitation, in doses of 0.18 to 0.3 Gm. 
 
 CAFFEINE SALTS (DOUBLE SALTS AND DERIVATIVES). C a H 10 N 4 O 2 A+XH 2 O- 
 
 Among the large number of salts of caffeine that have been introduced, a very few 
 have received attention, among the very important of these are the carbolate , pkthalate 
 and boro-citrate which are readily soluble, the former two being recommended for hypo- 
 dermic use. 
 
 CAFFEINE CHLORAL. C 8 H 10 N 4 O 2 -C Cl 3 COII. This is a combination of chloral 
 and caffeine in molecular proportions. It is crystalline and soluble in water. Caffeine 
 chloral is a sedative and analgesic. Dose 0.2 to 0.3 Gm, (3 to 5 grains). 
 
 CA FFEINE- SODIUM BEVZ OA TE. Is prepared by evaporating an aqueous sol- 
 ution of one part of caffeine in one of sodium benzoate dissolved in 3 parts of water. 
 It forms white crystalline crusts Owing to the ready solubility of this and the follow- 
 ing double salts, they are especially suitable for subcutaneous use. 
 
 CAFFEINE - SODIUM SUL BIION A TE. See Symphorol. 
 
16 THE NEWER REMEDIES. 6 
 
 _____ * — i 
 
 CAFFEINE- SOBITJM SALICYLA TE and CAFFEINE -SODIUM- CINNAMA TE 
 are prepared in the same manner as the above benzoate, employing equal parts of caf- 
 feine and the respective organic sodium salts. 
 
 CAFFEINE TRI-IODIDE. (Di-Iodo-Caffeine-Hydriodide.) (C 8 H 10 N 4 O 2 I 2 HI) 2 -f 
 3H 2 0. This is prepared by adding a solution of hydriodic acid to a weak alcoholic 
 solution of caffeine. It forms dark- green prisms which are readily soluble in alcohol . 
 Internally it acts like a weak preparation of iodine, the dose being 0.12 to 0.24 Gm. (2 
 to 4 grains). 
 
 IODO- CAFFEINE. Is prepared by passing sulphuretted hydrogen into a solution 
 of potassium iodide and caffeine. Iodo-caffeine forms colorless crystals soluble in 
 water ; unstable, decomposed by hot water ; it is employed in cardiac affections in 
 doses of about 0.3 Gm. (5 grains.) 
 
 IODOL- CAFFEINE. C 8 H 10 N 4 O 2 C 4 T 4 NH. A crystalline compound prepared by 
 the interaction of molecular quantities of iodol and caffeine. It is a gray color, inodor- 
 ous, tasteless and practically insoluble in the ordinary solvents. Iodol-caffein^ is em- 
 ployed as an antiseptic like iodol, of which it contains 75$. 
 
 IODO - THEOBROMINE. Is prepared in like manner to the above caffeine com- 
 pound, the medicinal properties and dose being the same. 
 
 ETHOXY CAFFEINE. C 8 H 9 N 4 0 2 (OC 2 H 5 ). Is prepared by boiling monobrom- 
 caffeine with caustic potash. It forms crystalline needles which are less soluble in 
 water than caffeine, melting at 138° C. (280.4°F.j Ethoxy-caffeine has a similar action 
 to caffeine, being also narcotic. Dose is about 0.2 Gm. (3 grains). 
 
 CAJUPUTOL. See Eucalyptol. 
 
 CALCIUM BORATE. 
 
 Obtained by interaction between aqueous solutions of borax and calcium chloride. 
 ■Recommended as an antiseptic dusting-powder in treatment of moist eczema, burns, 
 etc. likewise internally in doses of 0.2 to0.4Gm. (3 to 6 grains) for diarrhoea of children . 
 
 CALCIUM SALICYLATE. [ C 6 H 4 <^ 0 ] 2 Ca+2H 2 0 
 
 Salicylic acid is neutralized with an equivalent amount of calcium carbonate (free 
 from iron) in the presence of hot water, the filtered solution is then evaporated and 
 crystallized. Calcium salicylate forms a white, crystalline powier, inodorous and taste- 
 less, almost insoluble in cold water. 
 
 It is employed in the diarrhoea of children in gastro-enteritis, the dose being 0.5 to 
 1.5 Gm. (8 to 24 grains). 
 
 CALOLACTOSE. 
 
 An intestinal disinfectant, said to consist of a mixture of calomel (1), bismuth sub- 
 nitrate (1), and lactose (8). 
 
 CAMPHOID. 
 
 This is prepared by dissolving pyroxylon, 1 part, in a solution of 20 parts of cam- 
 phor in alcohol. It constitutes a thick, colorless fluid, which, because of its rapidity 
 in drying, leaving a thin film when applied to the skin, serves as an excellent vehicle 
 for iodoform, chrysarobin, etc. 
 
 CAMPHOPYRAZOLON. C 17 R 20 N 2 O. 
 
 This is a compound of phenyl-hydrazine and campho-carboxylic acid. It oecui s 
 in fine crystalline needles, melting at 132° C. (269.6° F.), insoluble in water and ether, 
 soluble in alcohol. Camp'no-pyrazolon is proposed as a substitute for camphor. 
 
 CAMPHOR, NAPHTHOL. See Beta-Naphthol Camphor. 
 
 CAMPHOR, PHENYLATED. See Phenol Camphor. 
 
 CAMPHOR SALICYLATE. 
 
 This is prepared by fusing together 84p. of camphor and 65p. of salicylic acid, 
 which solidifies to a crystalline mass. It may be obtained in well formed crystals by 
 recrystallization from benzol. Soluble 1 in 20 in the fatty oils ; almost insoluble in 
 water and glycerin. Employed externally in ointment form as an application in 
 lupus and various skin diseases, internally in treatment of certain diarrhceal com- 
 plaints. Dose 0.05 to 0.25 Gm. (4-5 to 3.8 grains). 
 
 CAMPHOR, SALOL. See under Salol. 
 
 CAMPHORIC ACID. C 8 H 14 (COOH) 2 . 
 
 This is a dibasic acid obtained by the action of hot nitric acid on camphor. It 
 forms white, scaly crystals, odorless, melting at 186.5° C (368°F.) It is soluble in 200 
 parts of cold and 10 parts of boiling water ; very soluble in alcohol. 
 
THE NEWER REMEDIES. 
 
 17 
 
 It is employed in treatment of night sweats of consumptives, likewise in acute and 
 chronic diseases of the respiratory tract. The dose is from 1 to 1.5 Gm. (15 to 24 
 grains). When applied topically it is used in a solution of from 1 to 4# strength. 
 
 CANNABIN. 
 
 An alkaloid isolated from Cannabis Sativa , or Indian Hemp. Cannabin forms a 
 brown, syrupy liquid, which is employed as a hypnotic, the dose being 0.06 to 0.3 Gm. 
 (1 to 5 grains). 
 
 CANNABIN T ANN ATE forms a yellowish-gray colored powder of bitter and 
 slightly astringent taste, only slightly soluble in water, alcohol and ether, very soluble 
 in acidulated water. It is employed as a hypnotic in nervous sleeplessness, the dose 
 being 0.25 to 1 Gm. (3 to 15 grains). 
 
 CANNABINON. 
 
 A resinous body obtained from the flowering tops of the Cannabis Sativa. Canna- 
 binon appears in form of a dark-brown, soft resin, insoluble in water ; soluble in alco- 
 hol. ether, chloroform, fatty and volatile oils. Recommended as a sedative and hyp- 
 notic, in doses of 0.03 to 0.1 Gm. 04 to 1)4 grains). 
 
 CANNONIN. # 
 
 A proprietary disinfectant. 
 
 CANTHARIDIN. C 10 H 12 O 4 . 
 
 The active vesicating principle obtained from the Cantharis vesicatoria and other 
 members of the family of Coleoptera. Cantharidin forms colorless crystals, which are 
 insoluble in water, but very soluble in chloroform ; it dissolves quite readily in ether 
 and the fatty oils, with caustic alkalies it forms salts soluble in water. This principle 
 is frequently employed in place of cantharides. The salts, or cantharidates, are em 
 ployed hypodermically in treatment of tuberculosis, 0.2 Gm. of cantharidin and 0.4 
 Gm. of potassium hydrate being dissolved in 1.000 Cc, of distilled water ; of this solu- 
 tion 0.2 to 0.4 Cc. 0.0001 to 0.0002 Gm.) being employed for a subcutaneous injection. 
 
 CAPITCURA. 
 
 A proprietary antipyretic and analgesic. 
 
 CARDINE. 
 
 A clear yellow, fluid, prepared by digesting the finely chopped hearts of sheep with 
 an equal quantity of glycerin and boric acid solution in a well- closed vessel, and subse- 
 quently filtering. Employed subcutaneously in 3 to 5 Cc. doses as a heart tonic and di- 
 uretic. 
 
 CARDOL. 
 
 A blistering oil obtained from the pericarps of the Anacardium occidental by ex- 
 traction with ether. Employed externally as a vesicant. 
 
 CARNIFERRIN. 
 
 This is a meat preparation, of German production, being a combination of the 
 phosphoric acid of the body with 30# of iron. It is given in 3 to 5 grain doses for child- 
 ren and 8 grains for adults. It is readily absorbed and tasteless, and mixe3 well with 
 acid or alkaline solutions. 
 
 CARNOLIN. 
 
 An aqueous solution containing 1.5# of formaldehyde ; specific gravity 1.0035- 
 Recommended as a harmless disinfectant and preservative for food. 
 
 CARPAIN. C 14 H 27 N0 2 . 
 
 An alkaloid obtained from the leaves of Carica papaya. Carpain forms handsome 
 colorless crystals of a bitter taste, melting at 121° C. (249.8° F.) ; it readily unites with 
 acias, forming crystalline salts. 
 
 This alkaloid is employed as a substitute for digitalis, being given in doses, hypo- 
 dermically, of 0.006 to 0.01 Gm. (1-10 to 1-6 grain). 
 
 CARVACROL. C 13 H 13 OH. 
 
 A phenol found in the essential oil of Origanum species. It forms a thick fluid, 
 which boils at 235°C. Carvacrol possesses powerful antiseptic properties. 
 
18 
 
 THE NEWER REMEDIES. 
 
 CARVACROL IODIDE. C 13 H 13 OI. 
 
 This is prepared analogous to aristol, by the action of iodine upon an alkaline solu* 
 tion of carvacrol. It constitutes a brown-colored powder, which becomes soft at 50°C. 
 (122°F), melting at 90°C. (194° F.) to a brown fluid. It is insoluble in water, slightly sol- 
 uble in alcohol, readily in ether, chloroform and olive oil. 
 
 Carvacrol iodide is employed as a substitute for iodoform. 
 
 CETRARIN. C 18 H 16 0 8 . 
 
 A bitter principle obtained from Iceland moss, ( Cetraria Islandica). It forms color- 
 less crystals of a bitter taste, difficultly soluble in cold, but very soluble in hot alcohol. 
 
 Cetrarin increases peristalsis, likewise the secretion of saliva, bile and pancreatic 
 juice. Internal dose is 0.1 to 0.2 Gm. (1.5 to 3 grains). 
 
 CHEMIA. 
 
 A proprietary antiseptic. 
 
 CHINASEPTOL. See under Chinoline. 
 
 CHININUM BIMURIATICUM CAR BA Ml DATUM. See Quinine Dihydrochloride- 
 
 [Carbamate. 
 
 CHINOLINE. C 9 H 7 N. 
 
 A tertiary amine, obtained by the distillation of quinine or cinchonine with po 
 tassium hydrate, or, as synthesized by Skraup, by heatinar a mixture of nitrobenzol. an- 
 iline, glycerin and sulphuric acid. Pure chinoline is a yellowish-colored liquid, of arom- 
 atic odor, its specific gravity being 1.084; boiling at 237° '. (458. 6° F.). It is almost 
 insoluble in water, very soluble in alcohol and ether. Chinoline is antiseptic, antizy- 
 motic and antipyretic ; being employed chiefly as a tooth- and mouth-wash (0.2$). 
 
 DERIVATIVES. 
 
 Chinoline unites readily with the acids forming soluble crystalline salts. 
 
 CHINOLINE SALIC YL A TE. C 9 H 7 N C 7 H 6 0 3 . A white crystalline powder, solu- 
 ble in 80 parts of water, very soluble iu alcohol, etner. glycerin and the oils. Antifeb 
 rile and anti>eptic in doses of 0.5 to 1 Gm. (8 to 15 grains), 
 
 CHINOLINE TARTRATE. (C 9 H 7 N) 3 (C 4 H 6 0 6 ) 4 . Occurs in colorless, rhombic 
 crystals, soluble in 80 parts of cold water, less so in hot water, soluble in 150 parts of 
 alcohol. Its properties and doses are similar to the above. 
 
 A CETO- OR TH O-AMID 0- CHIN OLINE C 9 H 6 N (NHCH 3 CO). This preparation 
 is an analogue of acetanilid, in which chinolin replaces phenyl. It forms colorless 
 crystals, which melt at 102 5°0. It possesses antipyretic properties 
 
 D l A PH THERIN ( OXY- CHFN-A SEP T OL) . H0.C 9 H 6 N-HS0 3 C 6 H 4 OH-C 9 H 6 N.OH. 
 This is a compound of one molecule of oxyehinolin with one molecule of phenolsul- 
 phonate of oxyehinolin. It forms clear, yellow crystals, soluble in water and melting 
 at 85° C. (185° F.). Diaphtherin possesses antiseptic properties equal to those of carbolic 
 acid, as also the advantages of solubility and of being non-poisonous. It is employed 
 in to 1% solution. The solution readily attacks surgical instruments. 
 
 DIAPHTOL ( CHINASEPTOL) C 9 H 5 (OH) (SO s H) N. This is an ortho-oxychiDo- 
 line-meta-sulphonic acid, bearing the same relation to chinoline as phenol-sulphonic 
 acid does to benzol. It forms yellowish-colored crystals which are only slightly sol- 
 uble in cold water, melting at295°C. (56>>°F.). Its aqueous solution, like that of diaph- 
 therin, gives a green color with ferric chloride. The properties of diaphtol are similar 
 to those of diaphtherin 
 
 KAIRIN. C 9 H 10 (C 2 H 5 ) NO.HC1. Synonyms: Ethyl Kairin ; Kairin A ; Oxy-Chino' 
 line-Ethylliydride. This is a derivative of chinoline; its method of preparation is 
 complicated. Kairin was the first synthetical substitute for quinine. It was recom- 
 mended as an antipyretic in doses of 0.5 to 1 Gm. (8 to 15 grains). 
 
 KAIROLIN. C 9 H 10 (C 2 H 5 ) N.H 2 S0 4 . Synonyms: Kairolin A and M ; Chinolin- 
 ethylhydride (A); Chinolinmethylhydride (M). Kairin M, is the hydrochloride of #-oxy- 
 chinolin-methyltetrahydride, while kairolin A and M are the acid sulphates of eth- 1- 
 chinoline-vetrahydride and methyl-chinoline-tetrahydride, respectively. These 
 remedies are not employed since the discovery of other antipyretics. 
 
 LORETIN. This is a meta-iodo-ortho-oxychinoline-ana-sulphonic acid, (C 9 H 4 I- 
 OH-S0 3 H-N) a powerful antiseptic discovered by Claus. It forms a yellow, inodorous, 
 crystalline powder, which is only very slightly soluble in water (1:1000). insoluble in 
 ether and the • ils, melting at about 270°n. (518°F.). Loretin forms a valuable substitute 
 for iodoform, having the advantage of being free from odor and toxic effect. It is em- 
 ployed as a dusting powder, either alone or diluted ; in 5 to 10% ointments and 0.1 to 0.2% 
 aqueous solutions. 
 
THE NEWER REMEDIES. 
 
 19 
 
 
 CHLORALAMID. CC1 3 CH.0H. NIJ.COH. 
 
 Synonym, : Chloral-Formamide. 
 
 This is prepared by interaction between chloral (CCl 3 COH) and formamide 
 (HCONH 2 ). Chloralamid forms colorless crystals, which melt at 115° C. (239° F.), solu- 
 ble in 20 parts of cold water and about of alcohol ; it should not be heated with 
 water. 
 
 It is employed as a substitute for chloral hydrate, in doses of 1 to 3 Gm. (15 to 45 
 grains). 
 
 CHLORAL-AMMONIUM. CC1 3 CH.0H.NH 2 . 
 
 This should not be confused with Chloral amid. Chloral-ammonium is obtained 
 by passing a current of dry ammonia gas into a solution of chloral in chloroform. It 
 forms colorless needles, which melt at 34° C. (183.2° F.), almost insoluble in water ; 
 when boiled with water it is decomposed into chloroform and ammonium formate. 
 
 It is used as a hypnotic and analgesic, in doses of from 1 to 2 Gm. (15 to 30 grains). 
 
 CHLORAL! MID. CC1 3 CH-NH. 
 
 This body is obtained by heating chloral ammonium. Chloralimid is a crystalline 
 powder, which is almost insoluble in water, easily in alcohol ; mineral acids decom- 
 pose it into chloroform and ammonia salt. Its properties are those of a hypnotic, in 
 doses of 1 to 4 Gm. U5 to 60 grains). 
 
 CH LORAL-ANTI PYRI N E (Monochlor-Antipyrine). See under Antipyrine. 
 
 CHLORAL-CAFFEINE. 
 
 A combination of chloral and caffeine in aqueous or alcoholic solution, prepared 
 by a patented process, possessing (oyer caffeine) the advantage of ready solubility. 
 
 CHLORAL FOR MAM IDE. See Chloralamid. 
 
 CHLORALOSE. C 8 H U C1 3 0 6 . 
 
 Synonym: Anhydrogluco-Chloral. 
 
 This is a compound of chloral with grape sugar. Chloralose forms fine colorless 
 needles, which melt at 184° to 18^° C. (363.2° to 366.8° F.), soluble in 170 parts of cold 
 water, readily so in alcohol. It is employed as a hypnotic (substitute for chloral), in 
 doses of 0.2 to 0.5 Gm (3 to 8 grains). 
 
 CHLORALOXIMES. 
 
 These are a class of bodies which consist of compounds of chloral with various 
 oximes. Among the more important of these are chloralacetoxime. chloral camphor- 
 oxime, chloral acetaldoxime . chloral benzaldoxime , chloral nitroso-beta-naphthol. etc. These 
 compounds are soluble in alcohol and decomposed by heating with water. They are 
 intended as hypnotics, the dosage having not been determined. 
 
 CHLORAL URETHANE. See Uralium. 
 
 CHLOR-METHYL. See Methyl Chloride. 
 
 CH LORO 10 DO LI POL. 
 
 A chlorine substitution product of phenol, creosote and guaiacol, recommended 
 for inhalation in treatment of chronic diseases of the air passages. 
 
 CHLOROLIN. 
 
 An antiseptic solution containing chiefly mono- and tri-chlor-phenol. It is recom- 
 mended as an effectual disinfectant for cesspools, closets, hospitals, etc. As an anti 
 septic wash in surgical operations a 2 to 3% solution is strong enough. An antiseptic 
 soap is also prepared from it. 
 
 . Cl, 
 
 CH LORO-PHENOL. (Tri-Chlor-Phenol). C 6 H 2 < 
 
 OH 
 
 This is a derivative of carbolic acid, in which three atoms of hydrogen are re- 
 placed bv chlorine ; it occurs in the form of colorless, needle-like crystals, with an 
 odor of phenol. This is employed as a 1 to 2% ointment in treatment of erysipelas. 
 
 .Cl (1) 
 
 CHLORPHENOL. C e II 4 < 
 
 OH (2) 
 
 Synonyms : Monochlorphenol ; Ortho-Mono-Chlor-Phenol. 
 
 The preparation employed under this name consists of a mixture of ortlio-mono- 
 chlorphenol (7 pt. ) and alcohol, eugenol and menthol (together 3 pt.) This liquid is 
 employed in diseases of the respiratory organs, from 16 to 3<» drops being inhaled 
 daily. 
 
20 
 
 THE NEWER REMEDIES. 
 
 # 
 
 . Cl (3). 
 
 PARA-MONO CHL OR PHENOL. C «H 4 < 
 
 OH (2). 
 
 This is a crystalline body resulting from the chlorination of phenol, possessing 
 greater antiseptic power than the other two isomers. It melts at 37°C. (98.6°F,), is 
 readily soluble in alcohol, but sparingly in water ; it is employed as a 1 to 2% ointment 
 in treatment of erysipelas. 
 
 CHLORSALOL. C 6 H 4 (OH) CO.OC 6 H 4 Cl. 
 
 Synonyms: Chlorphenol Salicylate ; Salicylic-Chlorphenol-Ester. 
 
 This is prepared by the action of phosphorus penta-chloride on a mixture of ortho- 
 and para-chlorphenol. Chlorsalol, that is the ortho-phenyl-ester, forms colorless crys 
 tals which melt at 55°C. (131°F.), while those of the para-phenyl-ester melt at 72°C. 
 (161.6° F.). Both are insoluble in water and soluble in alcohol. Chlorsalol is employed 
 as a substitute for salol, being more energetic in its action. 
 
 CHLORYL. 
 
 This name has been applied to a mixture of methyl and ethyl chlorides. It is a 
 liquid at 0°C.; employed as an anaesthetic, being milder in effect than ethyl chloride. 
 
 CHROMOSOT. 
 
 Said to consist chiefly of sodium sulphite and sulphate. Used as a disinfectant. 
 CHRYSAROBIN. C 30 H 26 O 7 . 
 
 A principle obtained from Goa powder, which is a concretion found in the stem and 
 branches of the Andira Araroba. It is a light yellow, crystalline powder, very slightly 
 soluble in water, slightly soluble in alcohol, ether and chloroform, freely soluble in 
 alkalies. By oxidation, chrysarobin is converted into chrysophanic acid. it is em- 
 ployed chiefly in treatment of various skin diseases, in ointment of 1U# strength. 
 
 CINCHONIN-HERAPATHlT. See Antiseptol. 
 
 CINCHONIN-IODOSULPHATE. See Antiseptol. 
 
 C I N EO L. See Eucalyptol. 
 
 CINNAMIC ACID. C 6 H 5 CH=CH.COOH. 
 
 Synonyms: Acid Cinnamylic ; Beta-Phenylacrylic Acid. 
 
 This occurs naturally in Peru and Tolu balsams ; it is obtained synthetically by 
 heating benzaldehyde and acetyl-chlorid together under pressure. It forms colorless 
 to yellowish, glossy plates, of melting point 133°C. (271.4* F.). Insoluble in cold, but 
 quite soluble in boiling water. 
 
 It is employed, in form of an emulsion or alcoholic solution, as hypodermic injec- 
 tion in the treatment of tubercular affections. 
 
 Ifx Acid cinnamylic 5.0 
 
 Ol. Amyerdal. dulc 10.0 
 
 Vitelli Ovi No.l. 
 
 Solut. Natrii chlorati (0.7$) q. s. 
 
 Misce ut fiat emulsio. 
 
 D. S. Injection 0.1 to 1 cc. 
 
 CINNAMYL-EUGENOL. See under Eugenol. 
 
 CINNAMYL-GUAIACOL. See under Guaiacol. 
 
 COCAINE SALTS. C 17 H 21 N0 4 A. 
 
 Only the more important of the new combinations will be given. The doses are 
 essentially the same as in the hydrochlorate. 
 
 COCAINE BORA TE. Is employed for subcutaneous injections and eye douches. 
 It is preferable to all other salts of cocaine because of the stability of its aqueous solu- 
 tions and the indifference of the boric acid. 
 
 COCAINE LACTATE. Is a soft mass, readily soluble in water ; it is of value in 
 treatment of cystitis. 
 
 COCAINE NITRATE. Is employed in combination with silver nitrate in treat- 
 ment of diseases of the genito-urinary tract. 
 
 COCAINE PHENA TE or C ARB OLA TE , Forms a soft mass, insoluble in water 1 
 very soluble in alcohol. This salt is employed subcutaneously as a local anaesthetic, 
 also as a local application ; stronger solutions are required to produce the same degree 
 of anaesthesia as with the hydrochlorate. 
 
 COCAINE SAC CHAR ATE. Forms hydroscopic, crystalline plates. A 5% solu- 
 tion of this salt corresponds to a 4% solution of the hydrochlorate. Because of its 
 sweet taste it is preferred for throat applications. 
 
THE NEWER REMEDIES. 
 
 21 
 
 
 CODEINE PHOSPHATE. C 18 H 21 N0 3 .H 3 P0 4 +3H 2 Q. 
 
 This salt occurs in fine colorless needles, a bitter taste, is readily soluble in water 
 and sparingly in alcohol. Codeine phosphate is adapted as a substitute for morphine 
 for administration to children, also employed in most affections of the respiratory or- 
 gans. etc. Dose 0.025 to 0.05 Gm, (1-3 to % grains). 
 
 CODOL. See Retinol. 
 
 COLCHICEIN. C 21 H 22 (0H)N0 5 ~H4 Aq. 
 
 When colchicin is boiled with dilute sulphuric acid it is converted into colchicein 
 and methyl alcohol. Colchicein forms white crystals, which are soluble in water and 
 alcohol. It should be dispensed with caution, the dose being 0.001 Gm. (1-64 grain) 
 subcutaneously. 
 
 COLCHICINE. C 22 H 25 N0 6 . 
 
 An alkaloid obtained from the Colchicmn autumnale. Colchi : ine forms a yellow- 
 ish white amorphous powder which is readily soluble in water and alcohol ; melts at 
 145° C. (293° F.) It is employed in treatment of rheumatism, sciatica, etc., in doses of 
 0.001 Gm. (1-64 grain.) 
 
 CONIINE HYDRO BROMIDE. C 8 H 17 N.HBr. 
 
 This is the hydrobromate of the liquid alkaloid Coniine, which is obtained from 
 the seeds of the Conium maculatum. It forms colorless crystals, which are soluble in 
 water. Employed in the treatment of cardiac asthma in doses of 0.003 to 0.005 Gm. 
 (L-20 to 1-12 grain). 
 
 CONVALLAMARIN. C 23 U 44 0 12 . 
 
 A glucoside obtained from roots of the Convallaria majalis. It is a white powder, 
 very bitter, soluble in water and alcohol. Employed as a cardiac stimulant in doses of 
 0.05 Gm. 04 grain). 
 
 CONVOLVULIN. 
 
 A glucoside obtained from the root of Ipomaza purga and othei plants of the same 
 genus. An amorphous mass, insoluble in water, readily so in alcohol and acetic acid. 
 Convolvulin is a powerful purgative ; dose 0.06 to 0.13 Gm, (1 to 2 grains). 
 
 CORNUTIN. 
 
 One of the active principles of ergot. A reddish to yellowish-colored powder which 
 readily forms salts with acids. It is recommended to relieve haemorrhage arising from 
 abortion, also to increase the vigor of labor pains. The dose is 0.005 Gm. (1-12 grain). 
 
 CORONILLIN. 
 
 A glucoside obtained from the seeds of Coronilla scorpioides ; forms a pale yellow, 
 bitter powder, soluble in water and alcohol, almost insoluble in ether. Strengthens the 
 action of the pulse and increases diuresis. Dose 0.06 to 0.13 Gm. (1 to 2 grains). 
 
 COTOIN. C 22 H 18 0 6 . 
 
 A neutral principle obtained from the coto bark. It forms an amorphous or crys- 
 talline powder, which melts at 130°C. (266° F.). slightly soluble in water, freely soluble 
 in alcohol and ether. Cotoin is employed in treatment of cholera, it is also said to 
 relieve night sweats. The dose is 0.03 to 0.3 Gm. (J4 to 5 grains). 
 
 COU MARIN. See Cumarin. 
 
 CREOLIN. See under Cresol. 
 
 C R EOSO L. C 6 H 3 CH 3 (OH) (O.CH 3 ), 
 
 Synonyms : Homo-Pyrocatechin-Methyl Ether ; Homoguaiacol. 
 
 This occurs, along with guaiacol, as a constituent of beech- wood tar creosote. It 
 is an oily -like liquid, of aromatic odor, boiling at220°C. (428°F), only slightly soluble in 
 water. Recommended as an antiseptic. 
 
 CREOSOTE CARBONATE. See under Guaiacol. 
 
 .CH 3 
 
 CREOSOTIC ACID. C.H 3 <OlI 
 
 coon 
 
 Synonyms: Cresotinic Acid; Oxytoluic Acid; Homosalicylic Acid. 
 
 This may exist as an ortho, meta, or para modification, hence is frequently desig- 
 nated in the plural, as creosotic acids. These bear the same relation to toluene (O tf H 6 CH 3 ) 
 that salicylic acid bears to benzene (C«H«), being then hydroxytoluic acid. They are 
 prepared from the sodium cresylates by a process (Kolbe’s) analogous to that used in 
 the manufacture of salicylic acid. The para compound, which crystallizes in white 
 needles melting at 151°C. (303.8°F.), is the only one that is employed in medicine, in 
 the form of a sodium salt. 
 
22 
 
 THE NEWER REMEDIES. 
 
 * 
 
 CREOSOTOL. See under Guaiacol. 
 
 CRESALOLS. C 6 H 4 (OH) C0 2 C 6 H 4 .CII 3 . 
 
 Synonyms: Cresol Salicylates; Cresol Salols. 
 
 Ortho , meta-, and para-cresalol are the salicylic esters of the cresols. analogous to 
 betol and salol, and prepared in a similar manner. A mixture of sodium salicylate 
 and cresylate, in molecular proportions, is heated with phosphorus oxychloride; either 
 ortho, meta, or para cresalol is obtained according: to the sodium salt used. These 
 three isomeric cresalols form bulky, white, crystalline powders, insoluble in water, 
 soluble in alcohol and ether, and sparingly so in oils. The ortho-cresalol melts at 35° 
 C. (95° F.), the meta-cresalol at 74° C. (165.2° F.), and the para-cresalol at 39° C. 
 (102.2° F.) 
 
 Externally the cresalols are recommended as antiseptic dusting-powders, also in- 
 ternally as a substitute for salol, being split up in the system into cresol and salicylic 
 
 CRESOL SALICYLATE. See Cresalols. 
 acid. 
 
 CRESOL SALOLS. See Cresalols. 
 
 CRESOL, or THE CRESOLS. C 6 H, 
 
 Synonyms: Cresylic Acid; Meta-Cresol; Kresol; Meta-Phenol. 
 
 The Cresols, of which three isomerides exist (ortho-meta-para) are homologues of 
 phenol and derivatives of toluene. They are obtained by the fractional distillation of 
 that portion of coal-tar oil which comes over between 19U°— 210° C. The three isomer- 
 ides are exceedingly difficult to separate; of these the meta-cresol is the most power- 
 ful antiseptic. All the cresols possess a creosote-like odor, their antiseptic properties 
 are superior to those of carbolic acid and they are far less poisonous. The only hin- 
 drance to their general employment is their insolubility in water. During the past few 
 years various soluble preparations introduced have again brought them into notice; in 
 these, the cresol (o-m-p) is rendered soluble by the addition of soap ( Sapocarbol . Lysol , 
 Creolin , Phenol in , Sapocresol % etc.), or an alkali forming soluble cresylates ( Solveol. 
 Solutol ) or by conversion into soluble sulphonic acid derivatives ( Artmann's Creolin). 
 
 PREPARATIONS. 
 
 The following are preparations of Cresol which have been introduced as antiseptics 
 in surgery. 
 
 A N TINONNIN is a preparation of ortho-dinitro-cresol potassium, appearing in trade 
 in the form of a soap. It is employed in a 1 part to 100U solution for thedestruetion of 
 insects and fungi. 
 
 BENZ 0 YL-PARA- CRESOL. (Para-Cresol Benzoate) C 6 H*nOO C 6 H 4 (CH 3 ), is pre 
 pared by the reaction of phosphorus oxychloride on a mixture of benzoic acid and para- 
 cresol. It forms a crystalline compound which melts at 70° C. (158° F.), insoluble in 
 water, readily soluble in alcohol and ether. It is used as an antiseptic. 
 
 CBEOLIN. This is sai l to be an emulsion of cresol obtained by means of resin soap. 
 It consists of a brownish-black, syrupy liquid, which, when mixed with water, forms 
 a more or less turbid mixture; with alcohol, ether or chloroform, it forms a clear 
 solution. Creolin is employed in the pure condition, as a 1 to 2# solution ; in oint- 
 ments, dusting-powder or dressings, 10# ; internally, it is administered in capsules 
 containing 5 minims. 
 
 IZAL. According to Squibb, this consists of an emulsion containing about 30# of 
 a new oil produced by a patent process employed in the manufacture of a special form 
 of coke. It is claimed that its antiseptic power is greater than that of carbolic acid, 
 while it is practically non-poisonous. 
 
 KRESIN. This is a clear brown liquid containing 25# of cresol and 25# of cres-oxy- 
 acetate. It is miscible in all proportions with water. 
 
 LYSOL , The fraction of coal-tar oil which boils between 190° to 200° C.,is dissolv- 
 ed iu fat and subsequently saponified, with the addition of alcohol. It forms a clear 
 brown syrupy liquid, containing 5 # of the cresols ; it is miscible with water, forming 
 a clear, saponaceous frothing liquid. With all other solvents it is miscible in all pro- 
 tions. Experiments have shown lvsol to be five times stronger than carbolic acid in 
 antiseptic power. The strength of the solution employed is usually 0.3, 1 or 2#. 
 
 PARACRESOL is a patented disinfectant, which is said to mix with water in every 
 proportion, yielding a neutral and almost odorless solution. 
 
 PHENOSALYL. This is a solution of carbolic, salicylic and benzoic acids, 
 (which have been fused together), in lactic acid. It forms a thick syrupy liquid, which 
 is soluble in cold water to the extent of 7#, readily in warm water, also in alcohol and 
 ether. In antiseptic power it is superior to carbolic acid, being at the same time less 
 toxic. It is employed in 1 to 2# aqueous solutions. 
 
 PIXOL and RESOL are solutions of wood tar in soap. 
 
 SANATOL is a solution of crude cresol in sulphuric acid. 
 
THE NEWER REMEDIES. 
 
 23 
 
 SAPOGARBOL , KRESAPOL and PHENOLIN are solutions of crude cresols in 
 soap (potassium). 
 
 SAPROL is a dark brown, oily substance, consisting of a mixture of the crude 
 cresols in an excess of hydrocarbons, obtained from the refining of petroleum. A 
 drawback to its use is its inflammability, also that it does not mix with water. 
 
 SOLUTOL This is an alkaline solution of sodium cresol in an excess of cresol. It 
 is not suited for surgical dressings or like uses, because of its caustic alkalinity. It is 
 a valuable disinfectant for use in the household and hospital, effectually disinfecting 
 water closets, sinks, cess pools, etc. 
 
 SOLVEOL is a solution of cresol in sodium cresotate; it forms auseful disinfectant 
 analogous to < Jreolin, Lysol, Saprol and Solutol. It is less caustic than solutol, possess- 
 ing the advantage over creolin and lysol of not exhibiting the greasiness charactertstic 
 of these. It is a dark colored liquid, nearly odorless, of a neutral reaction and miscible 
 with water in all proportions. It is especially applicable for surgical uses, a 
 solution being employed in dressings and a one to twelve for spray apparatus. It is 
 claimed that a solution is more active than a 2% solution of carbolic acid, 
 
 TRICRESOL is a concentrated preparation of the three cresols (ortho, meta,para). 
 free from all impurities. It forms a clear colorless liquid, of specific gravity 1,045. and 
 soluble to the extent of 2y*$ in water. A 1% solution of tricresol corresponds to a 3% 
 solution of carbolic acid, having therefore three times the disinfectant value of the 
 latter. 
 
 CRESYLIC ACID. See Cresol. 
 
 CROTON CHLORAL. See Butyl-Chloral-Hydrate. 
 CROTON-CHLORAL-HYDRATE. See Butyl-Chloral-Hydrate. 
 
 CRYOSTASE. 
 
 A mixture of equal parts of carbolic acid, camphor, saponin and traces of oil of 
 turpentine. Becomes solid when heated, and liquid when cooled to below 0°C. Recom- 
 mended as an antiseptic. 
 
 CRYSTALLOSE. 
 
 A name applied to a very soluble crystalline sodium salt of pure saccharin. In 
 consequence of the presence of crystal water, the sweetening power, compared with 
 that of cane sugar, is reduced to 400 times the latter instead of 500 times, as is the case 
 in the pure amorphous saccharin. 
 
 CUBEBIC ACID. C 28 H 30 O 7 . 
 
 A principle obtained from the cubeb by extraction with caustic alkalies and after- 
 wards liberated ou addition of an acid. Cubebic acid forms a waxy-like body, readily 
 soluble in alcohol and ether, becoming brown on exposure to the air. According to 
 Bernatzik it possesses the antiblennorrhagic properties of cubebs ; dose 0.3 to 1 Gm. (4 
 to 15 grains). 
 
 CUMARIN. 
 
 Synonym : Coumarin. 
 
 The crystallizable, odorous constituent of the Tonca bean , also prepared synthetic- 
 ally. It melts at 67° C. (152.6° F.). only slightly soluble in water, readily in alcohol aDd 
 ether. Ouraarin is employed for the purpose of masking the odor of medicinal agents 
 such as iodoform, etc. 
 
 CUTAL. 
 
 Synonym: Aluminum Boro-Tannieo-Tartrate. 
 
 Obtained by pouring a mixture of five parts of an aqueous tannin solution (1:4) 
 and 80 parts of an aqueous borax solution (1:19) into a solution of 3 parts of alumi- 
 num sulphate in 12 parts of water, stirring constantly. The resulting precipitate is 
 filtered off, washed, spread on glass plates and dried at low temperature. This pre- 
 paration is insoluble in water ; hence, in order to render it soluble. 1 part of it is dis- 
 solved in 10 parts of water by means of 1.2 parts of tartaric acid ; the solution evapo- 
 rated to dryness at a low temperature yields a soluble aluminum boro-tannico-tartrate 
 or cutal. This is recommended as an astringent antiseptic, either in dry form or in 
 aqueous solution. 
 
 CYSTINE. C n H 14 N 2 0. 
 
 An alkaloid obtained from the Cytisus laburnum. Forms an inodorous, deliquescent, 
 white, crystalline mass, of bitter taste, readily soluble in alcohol and water, insoluble 
 in ether ; chiefly emploved as a nitrate. Cystine, as regards its physiological action, 
 stands between strychnia and curare, being used in paralytic migraine ; also in cardiac 
 
 Dose 0.003 to 0.005 Gm. (1-21 to 1-12 grain). 
 
24 
 
 THE NEWER REMEDIES. 
 
 DATURINE. See Hyoscyamine. 
 
 DELPHININ. 
 
 An alkaloid obtained from the seed of Delphinium staphisagria. Forms small crys- 
 tals of a bitter taste, insoluble in water and soluble in alcohol and ether. Exerts a pow- 
 erful action on the heart, like aconitin ; employed in treatment of spasmodic asthma, 
 dropsical affections and neuralgia, in doses of 0.01 to 0.02 Gm. (1-5 to 1-3 grain). 
 
 DERMATOL. C 6 H 2 (OH) 3 COOBi (OH) a . 
 
 Synonyms : Subgallate of Bismuth ; Basic Gallate of Bismuth. 
 
 To a solution of 15 parts of crystallized bismuth trinitrate in 31 parts of glacial 
 acetic acid diluted with about 200 parts of water, is added with constant stirring a 
 warm solution of 5 parts of gallic acid in 250 parts of water. The yellow precipitate is 
 washed until free from nitric acid, then dried on porous plates. Dermatol forms a 
 bright yellow, inodorous and tasteless powder, insoluble in the usual solvents. It is an 
 excellent dry antiseptic in all varieties of surgical practice. Internally in doses of 0.25 
 to 0.5 Gm. (4 to 8 grains) in treatment of diarrhoea. 
 
 DERMOL. 
 
 Synonym : Bismuth Chrysophanate. 
 
 This is described by Trojescu as an amorphous yellow-colored powder, insoluble in 
 all of the usual solvents, consisting of a mixture of chrysarobin and bismuth hydrox- 
 ide. It is probably intended to be used as an antiseptic application in various skin dis- 
 eases. 
 
 DESOXY-ALIZARIN. See Anthrarobin. 
 
 DEXTRO-SACCHARIN. 
 
 This consists of a mixture of saccharin 1 part and glucose 2000 parts. 
 
 DIABETIN. C 6 H 12 0 6 . 
 
 Synonyms: Lasvulose ; Fruit Sugar. 
 
 Fruit Sugar ( Fructose ) is found in most sweet fruits, together with an equal 
 amount of grape sugar ; it is formed, together with grape sugar, in the so-called in- 
 version or decomposition, of cane sugar by boiling with acids ; the mixture of the two is 
 called invert sugar. This diabetin is prepared from invert sugar by mixing the latter 
 with calcium-hydroxide, the liquid lime compound of dextrose is removed and the 
 residual solid is the lime compound of lgevulose ; this latter calcium salt is decom- 
 posed with carbonic acid, liberating the laevulose. This is a colorless, odorless, crys- 
 talline powder, readily soluble in water and alcohol. Diabetin is recommended as a 
 sweetening agent for diabetic patients. 
 
 DIACETANILID. C 6 H 5 N (C 2 H 3 0 2 ) 2 . 
 
 The old method of preparation of this salt is by heating together phenyl mustard 
 oil and acetic acid. It is now prepared by heating acetanilid with glacial acetic acid 
 at 2^0° to 250° C. The reactions product is taken up by hot petroleum ether and crys- 
 tallized, while the unaltered acetanilid remains behind undissolved. The physiological 
 action of this compound is similar to, but stronger, than that of acetanilid. 
 
 DIAPHTHOL. See under Chinolin. 
 
 DIAPHTHERIN. See under Chinolin 
 
 DI-BRO MO-GALLIC ACID. See Gallobromol. 
 
 D I -C H LO R A L- A N T I P Y R I N E. See under Antipyrine. 
 
 - DI-CHLORACETIC ACID. CHCl 2 COOH. 
 
 This is obtained by the action of chlorine gas on glacial acetic acid. It forms a 
 colorless, pungent fluid, of boiling-point 190° C. (374° F.). 
 
 Is employed as a cauterizing agent. 
 
 DI-CHLOR-M ETHANE. See Methylene Chloride. 
 
 DIETHYL ACETAL. See Acetal. 
 
 DI-ETHYL-SULPH ON-DI-ETHYL-METHANE. See Tetronal. 
 
 DI-ETHYL-SULPHON-DI-M ETHYL-METHANE. See Sulphonal. 
 
 DI-ETHYL-SULPH ON-METHYL-ETHYL-METHANE. See Trional. 
 
 DI-ETHYLENE- DIAMINE. See Piperazine. 
 
 DIGITALEIN. (Schmiedeberg.) 
 
 A glucosidal principle obtained from the leaves of the Digitalis purpurea. It con- 
 stitutes a yellowish, amorphous powder which is soluble in water and alcohol. The 
 properties and dose of this glucoside are similar to those of digitalin. 
 
THE NEWER REMEDIES. 
 
 25 
 
 DIGITALIN. (Digital inum.) 
 
 A glucoside obtained from the leaves of the Digitalis purpurea. 
 
 DIGIT ALINVM CR YS TALLIS A TUM NATIVELLE. Forms fine crystalline 
 needles, which are almost insoluble in water and soluble in alcohol. It has been recom- 
 mended in treatment of inflammation of the lungs, and also feebleness of the heart’s 
 action. Dose 0.00065 to 0.001 Gm. (1-100 to 1-64 gram). 
 
 DIGIT ALINUM VER TIM KILIANI. (German.) (0 5 H 8 0 2 )#. Occurs as a white amor- 
 phous powder, soluble in 1000 parts of water and in 100 parts of dilute alcohol. It melts 
 at 217°0. (422.6° F.). This digitalin ” verum ” exerts the characteristic effects of digitalis 
 leaves (Bohm and Pfaff), being administered in doses of 0.00025 Gm. (1-300 grain). 
 
 DIGITOXIN. C 31 H 32 0 7 . 
 
 According to Schmiedeberg, digitoxin is the most active of the several glucosides 
 which constitute commercial *' digitalin.” being essentially identical with “Nativelle’s 
 digitalin.” Digitoxin forms white crystalline needles, which are insoluble in water, the 
 dose being 0.00033 to 0.00065 Gm. (1-200 to 1 100 grain). 
 
 DI-HYDRO-RESORCIN. 
 
 This is prepared by the action of sodium amalgam on a solution of resorcin in boiling 
 wnter, carbonic acid gas being passed through the solution during the reaction. The 
 unconverted resorcin is removed by shaking the solution with ether, then after acidu- 
 lating, the solution is shaken a second time with ether, which extracts the dihydrores- 
 orcin. which remains as a syrup-like liquid on the evaporation of the ether. It soon 
 congeals to a solid mass on standing, which, by recrystallization, yields glossy prisms, 
 which melt at 104° to 106° C. (219.2° to 222.8°F.), very soluble in water, alcohol and 
 chloroform. Di-hydro resorcin Is recommended as an antiseptic. 
 
 DI-IODOFORM. C 2 I 2 . 
 
 Synonym : Ethylene periodide. 
 
 This is obtained by the action of iodine on a solution of acetylene iodide in carbon 
 disulphide.* It forms bright yellow, inodorous, crystalline needles, which are insoluble 
 in water, sparingly soluble in alcohol, an I readily so in chloroform ; melting at 192° C. 
 (377.6° F.). Diiodoform contains 95.5$ of iodine, and is recommended as a substitute for 
 iodoform. Exposure to light causes its decomposition, hence it should be kept in a 
 dark place. 
 
 DI-IO DO-SALICYLIC ACID. C 6 II 2 I 2 (OH)COOH. 
 
 This is obtained by the action of iodine and iodic acid on salicylic acid. It forms 
 a white crystalline powder, of sweet taste, melting between 220° to 230° C. (428° to 
 446° F.). almost insoluble in cold water, slightly soluble in hot water and very soluble 
 in alcohol and ether. 
 
 It is employed as an analgesic and antipyretic ; dose 1.5 to 4. Gm. (24 to 60 grains) 
 per day. 
 
 DI-IODO-SALOL. See under Salol. 
 
 DIMETHYL-ACETAL. CH 3 -CH(OCH 3 ) 2 . 
 
 Synonym: ^Ethyliden-Di-Methyl-Ether . 
 
 This is obtained by the oxidation of a mixture of ethyl and methyl alcohols. It 
 forms a colorless, ethereal liquid of sp. gr. 0.867. boiling at 64° a. (147.2° F.) Dimethyl- 
 acetal is employed as an anaesthetic, either alone or mixed with half its volume of chlo- 
 roform. 
 
 DI-METHYL- ETHYL-CARBINOL. See Amylene Hydrate. 
 
 DI-METHYL-KETONE. See Acetone. 
 
 DI-METHYL-PIPERAZINE TARTRATE. See under Piperazine. 
 
 DIOXY-ANTHRANOL. See Anthrarobin. 
 
 DIPHTHERIA ANTITOXINE. 
 
 Behring’s curative serum is the blood-serum of animals immunized by the injection 
 of the diphtheria toxine. 
 
 All infectious diseases like diphtheria are produced by bacteria, which secrete 
 very poisonous substances called “toxines” that eventually cause death. By the 
 use of certain agents the action of these toxines rnav be counteracted, rendering the 
 organism insensible to their poisonous effect. This insensibility or immunity may be 
 acquired by a gradual habituation to a given poison. To Prof. Behring is due the 
 credit of discovering that during this process of habituation an antitoxine is produced 
 in the blood, which, when isolated and injected into the blood of a patient, effects a 
 change in the susceptibility of the living organs to the action of the poison (toxines). 
 The antitoxine is prepared as follows : A colony of diphtheria bacilli, after being 
 
26 
 
 THE NEWER REMEDIES. 
 
 placed in a suitable medium and under favorable conditions, multiply with great 
 rapidity, secreting at the same time their poison or toxines. After a few weeks, 
 when sufficient of the toxines has formed, the bacilli are destroyed by means of car- 
 bolic acid and by filtering through porous plates of clay the dead bacilli are removed 
 from the solution of toxines. Of this solution, small amounts are injected into the 
 blood of a healthy horse, producing a mild attack of the disease ; this procedure is 
 then repeated for several months, the doses of toxine being steadily increased until 
 the animal becomes habituated to the poison. Then a quantity of blood is with- 
 drawn from the animal, and the serum or aqueous portion is separated from the red 
 blood corpuscles ; this serum constituting a light yellow liquid which contains the an- 
 titoxine of diphtheria. This serum is standardized by determining the quantity re- 
 quired for injection to neutralize a fatal dose of diphtheritic poison in a guinea pig ; 
 the ratio between the quantity of antitoxine and the body weight of the animal fur- 
 nishes a means of indicating in definite units the strength of the solution. 
 
 DIPHTHERICIDE. 
 
 Pastilles containing thymol, sodium-benzoate and saccharin. Used as prophylactic 
 against diphtheria. 
 
 DISINFECTIN. 
 
 This is made by treating 5 parts of kk masut” (the residue of naphtha-distillation) 
 with 1 part of concentrated sulphuric acid ; the resulting sulphonated product is then 
 treated with 5 parts of 10# soda solution. This forms a brown liquid which, when 
 diluted with water, is used as a disinfectant. 
 
 DISINFECTOL. 
 
 A mixture of hydrocarbons and crude cresols rendered soluble by the addition of 
 alkali. It is a dark-brown liquid which gives a milky-like solution with water. It is 
 employed as a disinfectant diluted with water. 
 
 DISPERMINE. See Piperazine. 
 
 D I T H I O N . See under Dithiosalicylic Acids. 
 
 DITHIOSALICYLIC ACIDS. 
 
 S-C 6 H 3 (OH) COOH. 
 S-C 6 H 3 (OH) COOH. 
 
 Of these acids nine isomers are possible, but only two of them have been introduced 
 in medicine in the form of sodium and lithium salts, being distinguished as No. 1 and 
 No. 2. 
 
 Salicylic acid and sulphuryl chloride, in molecular proportions, are heated together 
 at 150° C., the resulting resinous like mass is dissolved in a solution of soda to which in 
 turn a solution of sodium chloride is added resulting in the precipitation of sodium 
 dithiosalicylate No. 1, while the sodium salt No. 2 remains in solution. The acids are 
 liberated from their corresponding sodium salts by the addition of hydrochloric acid. 
 
 SODIUM DITHIOSALICYLATE No. 1. Forms a yellowish, amorphous, soluble 
 powder, which is employed as an antiseptic in veterinary practice, either as a wash (3 
 to 5#) or mixed with talcum or starch (5 to 50#) as a dusting powder. 
 
 SODIUM DITHIOSALICYLATE No. 2. Forms a gray, amorphous, hygroscopic 
 and soluble powder, which is employed internally in treatment of muscular rheumat 
 ism and rheumatic fever ; in antiseptic activity it is superior to sodium salicylate. Dose 
 is 0.2 to 1 Gm. (3 to 15 grains). 
 
 DITHION. Is a mixture of the two sodium salts of ’ithiosalicylic acid. It is em- 
 ployed as an antiseptic wash (5 to 10#) and dusting-powder in veterinary practice. 
 
 THIOFORM. A basic bismuth salt of dithiosalicylic acid, introduced as a substi- 
 tute for iodoform. It is prepared by adding a solution of sodium dithiosalicylate (1 or 
 2) to a solution of bismuth trinitrate, the latter salt being first dissolved in a little glyc- 
 erin before diluting with water. The resulting precipitate, after washing and drying, 
 constitutes a voluminous, yellow, insoluble, inodorous powder. 
 
 DI-THYMOL-IODIDE. See Aristol, 
 
 D IU R ET I N . C 7 H 7 N 4 0 2 Na+C 6 H 4 (OH) COONa. 
 
 Synonym : Sodio-Theobromine Salicylate. 
 
 The active constituent of this body is theobromine, an alkaloid which is closely 
 related to caffeine. Diuretin is prepared by mixing aqueous solutions of sodio-theo- 
 bromine and sodium salicylate, in molecular proportions, and evaporating to dryness. 
 It constitutes a white amorphous powder, very soluble in water, decomposed by acid 
 solutions. It is employed as a diuretic in doses of 0.5 to 1.5 Gm. (8 to 23 grains) for 
 children, and 1.5 to 3 Gm. (23 to 45 grains) for adults. 
 
 UROPHERIN (Lithium- Diuretin). Is analogous to diuretin, being the correspond- 
 ing lithio-theobromine-salicylate. It is a white powder, soluble in 5 parts of water, 
 being employed as a diuretic in doses of 1 Gm. (15.5 grains). 
 
THE NEWER REMEDIES. 
 
 27 
 
 DUBOISINE. C 17 H 23 N0 3 . 
 
 This alkaloid, obtained from the leaves of Duboisia myoporoides is, according to 
 Ladenburg, chemically identical with hyoscin ; according to others identical with hyos- 
 cyamin. It is employed as a mydriatic, acting more rapidly and being less irritating 
 than atropine ; also employed as a hypnotic and sedative in treatment of hysteria and 
 epilepsy. The sulphate occurs in hygroscopic crystals ; being used in aqueous solution 
 (0.065 Gm. to 30 Cc.) for the eye. The dose of the alkaloid is 0.0008 to 0.002 Gm. (1-80 to 
 1-30 grain). 
 
 DULCIN. CO(NH 2 )NH. C 6 H 4 OC 2 H 5 . 
 
 Synonyms : Sucrol ; Yalzin ; P-Phenetolcarbamid. 
 
 By the action of para-phenetidin on phosgene, dissolved in toluol, phenetidm-car- 
 bon-oxyehloride is formed ; this product on treatment with ammonia yields dulcin . 
 This sweetening agent forms colorless crystals, which melt at 173° C (343.4° F.) soluble 
 in 800 parts of water at 15° C. (59° F.), and 55 parts of water at 100° C. (21 ;° F.) ; it is 
 soluble in 25 parts of alcohol, also in ether. Its sweetening power i« about 200 times 
 that of sugar. Dulcin is employed as a sweetening agent for the food of diabetics. 
 
 EPHEDRINE. C 10 H 15 ON. 
 
 An alkaloid obtained from the leaves of the Ephedra vulgaris. The hydrochloride 
 of this base, which forms colorless soluble crystals, is recommended as a mydriatic to 
 replace homatropine. Instillation of I or 2 drops of a 10$ solution into the eye pro- 
 duces marked dilation of the pupil, which lasts from 5 to 20 hours ; for daily applica- 
 tion 2 to 3 drops of a 1$ solution is sufficient. 
 
 ERGOTININE. (Tanret). 
 
 This is a feeble basic principle obtained from ergot, of which, according to Tanret, it 
 is the active principle. It occurs in colorless needles, which, on exposure to light, 
 rapidly darken. According to Robert, this principle, when pure, is inert. 
 
 ERYTHROPHLEINE. 
 
 This is an alkaloid obtained from the Sassy bark (. Erythrophleum guineense ). The 
 hydrochloride of this base forms colorless crystals which are soluble in water. This 
 alkaloid has been recommended as a local anaesthetic, internally as a cardiac stimulant. 
 It is intensely poisonous. 
 
 ESERIDINE. C 15 H 23 N 3 0 3 . 
 
 This is one of the alkaloids which occurs in the calabar bean, along with physos- 
 tigmine (eserine). Eseridine forms colorless crystals, melting at 132° G. (269.6° F.) Its 
 physiological action is similar to that of eserine, being, however, six times weaker in 
 effect. It has been recommended as a purgative in veterinary practice. 
 
 ETHOXY-CAFFEINE. See under Caffeine. 
 
 ETHYL BROMIDE. C 2 H 6 Br. 
 
 Synonyms: iEther bromatus; Brom-ethyl; Mono-brom-ethane. 
 
 Ethyl bromide is obtained by the distillation of a mixture of ethyl-alcohol, sulphuric 
 acid and potassium bromide. It forms a colorless, limpid, inflammable liquid, of a 
 sweet chloroformic odor. It boils between 38® and 40® C. (100.4°— 104° F.); its specific 
 gravity lies between 1.445 and 1.450. It is not miscible with water, but freely with 
 alcohol, ether, chloroform and the oils. 
 
 This preparation should be cautiously preserved, for the action of light and air 
 causes its decomposition into bromine and hydro-bromic acid, which is evident by its 
 brown color, acid reaction and pungent odor; in this condition it should not be 
 dispensed. 
 
 Ethyl bromide is employed as an anesthetic in minor surgical operations. Nar- 
 cosis is produced in from ^ to 1 minute, but lasts only a few minutes, unless fresh 
 quantities are administered. 
 
 ETHYL CARBAMATE. See Urethane. 
 
 ETHYL CHLORIDE. C 2 H*C1. 
 
 Synonyms: Chlor-ethyl; Mono-chlor-ethane; Chelen. 
 
 Ethyl chloride is produced by the action of dry hydrochloric acid gas on absolute 
 alcohol. At ordinary temperature it constitutes a gas, which. is readily condensed to 
 a liquid which boils at 10° C. (50° F.). Because of the intense cold (about 35° C.) pro- 
 duced by its evaporation, it is employed as a local anaesthetic This liquid appears in 
 commerce in small hermetically sealed tubes, terminated by a capillary point. When 
 used, the point of the capillary is broken off, and the tube held in the hand, the 
 warmth of which is sufficient to expel the liquid through the small orifice in a stream; 
 this is directed to the surface where it is desired to produce local anaesthesia. 
 
 Because of its great inflammability, operations should not be performed in the 
 proximity of a gas flame. 
 
28 
 
 THE NEWER REMEDIES. 
 
 « 
 
 ETHYL IODIDE. C 2 H 6 I. 
 
 Synonyms : JSther Iodatus; Ethyl Iodide; Mono-iod-ethane. 
 
 Ethyl iodide is prepared by the action of iodine on a well-cooled mixture of 
 amorphous phosphorus and absolute alcohol. This forms a colorless liquid which boils 
 at 71° 0. (160° F.); its specific gravity being 1.97. 
 
 Employed as an inhalation in treatment of bronchitis and dyspnoea. 
 
 ETHYL KAIRIN. See Kairin. 
 
 ETHYL N AT R I U M . See under Sodium Salts. 
 
 ETHYL PHENACETINE. See under Phenacetine. 
 
 ETHYL URETHANE. See Urethane. 
 
 ETHYLENE BROMIDE. C 2 H 4 Br 2 
 
 Synonyms : ^Ethylenum Bromatum; Brom-ethylene. 
 
 Ethylene bromide is prepared by passing ethylene eras through bromine. It forms 
 a colorless, highly refractive liquid of chloroformic odor; its boiling point is 131.5° r. 
 (269° F.) and specific gravity 2.170. It is insoluble in water, but miscible with alcohol 
 and the fatty oils. 
 
 This ethylene bromide should not be confused with ethyl bromide, as the former 
 produces marked toxic effects when inhaled. 
 
 Ethylene bromide is employed as an anti-epilepticum, in doses of 0.1 to 0.3 Gm. 
 (1.5 to 5 grains) or 6 to 12 minims, in form of an emulsion. 
 
 ETHYLENE CHLORIDE. C 2 H 4 C1 2 . 
 
 Synonyms: ^Ethylenum Chloratum ; iEthylen Chlorid; Chlorgethylene; 
 
 Elaylum Chloratum; Liquor Hollandicus. 
 
 Ethylene chloride is produced by the action of chlorine on ethylene. This consists 
 of a colorless ethereal liquid, of boiling point of 85° C. (185° F.) and specific gravity of 
 1,254 
 
 It is employed as local application to relieve rheumatic or neuralgic pains. 
 
 ETHYLENE-DIAMINE TRICRESOL. 
 
 A mixture of 10 parts each of ethylendiamin and tricresol, dissolved in 500 parts of 
 distilled water. It appears as a clear, colorless liquid, becoming slightly yellow on ex- 
 posure to the air. It has an alkaline reaction, and metallic instruments are not attacked 
 by it when in dilute solution. 
 
 ETHYLENE-IMINE. See Piperazine. 
 
 ETHYLIDEN CHLORIDE. CH 3 CH Cl 2 . 
 
 Synonyms : ^Ethylidenum Chloratum ; Chlorethyliden. 
 
 Ethyliden chloride is prepared by the action of chlorine on ethyl chloride. It con- 
 stitutes a colorless ethereal liquid, of an agreeable fruity odor, boiling point being 
 57° C. (134.6° F.) and specific gravity 1.18. 
 
 It is employed as an anaesthetic in minor operations, producing rapid narcosis o f 
 short duration. 
 
 ETHYLI DEN-DI-ETHYL ETHER. See Acetal. 
 
 ETHYLI DEN-DI-METHYL-ETHER. See Dimethylacetol. 
 
 EUCALYPTEOL. 
 
 This antiseptic is obtained by the treatment of eucalyptus oil with hydrochloric 
 acid, producing eucalyptene bichloride, in colorless, scalv crystals, with an odor re- 
 sembling camphor, and almost tasteless. It is insoluble in water, soluble in ether, 
 chloroform and alcohol, being decomposed by the latter. The dose for adults in ca p- 
 sules is 1 to 1.5 Gm. (15 to 24 grains). • 
 
 EUCALYPTOL. C 10 H a8 O. 
 
 Synonyms: Cineol ; Cajeputol 
 
 Eucalyptolis an oxygenated body obtained from the volatile oil of various species 
 of Eucalyptus. It is identical with cajeputol of oil of cajeput, and cineol of oil of worm- 
 seed. Eucalyptol forms a colorless liquid of camphoraceous odor, boiling at 176°C. 
 (348.8° F.); sp. gr. 0.930. It is insoluble in water, but miscible with alcohol, ether and the 
 fatty oils. Eucalyptol, being the active constituent of oil of eucalyptus, is employed 
 in all cases where the latter is applicable, that is as an antiseptic, rubefacient, etc.; it is 
 an effective agent in lung and bronchial affections, being introduced as a spray and in- 
 halation Its internal dose is 5 drops in capsule or as emulsion. 
 
THE NEWER REMEDIES. 
 
 29 
 
 
 EUCALYPTO-RESORCIN. 
 
 This compound is obtained by warming together molecular quantities of eucalyp- 
 tol and resorcin; the resulting product is recrystallized from alcohol. It forms a 
 white crystalline powder, which is soluble in alcohol and ether ; insoluble in water. 
 Eucalypto-resorcin is an antiseptic, employed for inhalation (in alcoholic solution) in 
 treatment of phthisis. 
 
 EUGENOL. C 6 H 3 .(C 3 H 5 ) (O.CH 3 ) (OH). 
 
 This is a phenol, which occurs in various volatile oils, particularly those of cloves 
 (80 to 90#), allspice, cinnamon, sassafras and bay. Oil of clove is treated with an ex 
 cess of liquor sodae, then shaken with ether to remove the terpenes. the aqueous solu- 
 tion of sodium eugenol is then decomposed by the addition of acid, and the eugenol 
 separates as an oily fluid. It is an aromatic, colorless, oily liquid, which boils at246°C’. 
 (474.8° F.); when exposed to the air it rapidly turns brown. Readily soluble in alcohol, 
 almost insoluble in water ; it unites with alkalies, forming soluble salts. Eugenol is a 
 powerful antiseptic, being employed in dental surgery. It has also been recommended 
 in treatment of tuberculosis in doses of 1 to 2 Gm. (15 to 30 grains). 
 
 BENZOYL-EUGEN OL. Is prepared by the action of benzoyl chloride on eugen' 
 ol-sodium. occurs in colorless, inodorous crystals, which melt at 70.5° C. (159° F.); 
 insoluble in water, soluble in alcohol, ether and chloroform. This compound is recom- 
 mended in place of Eugeaol. 
 
 CINNAMYL-EUGENOL. Is prepared by interaction between cinnamy 1-chloride 
 and eugenol sodium ; it forms inodorous, colorless crystalline needles, which melt at 
 90° to 91° C. (194° to 195.8° F.); insoluble in water, soluble in alcohol, ether and 
 chloroform. This compound is likewise recommended for administering in place of 
 Eugenol. 
 
 ETJGENOL- A CETAMID. Is prepared by the interaction between eugenol-sodium 
 and monochloracetic acid, the resulting eugenol acetic acid is converted into the amide 
 by heating with ammonia. From water it crystallizes in shining plates, from alcohol 
 in fine needles, which melt at 110° C. (230° F.). It is recommended as a local anaes- 
 thetic, likewise as an antiseptic in treatment of wounds. 
 
 IODO-EUGENOL. Is obtained by the action of iodine on eugenol sodium. It 
 forms a yellowish-colored, inodorous, insoluble powder, which melts at 150° C. (302°F.). 
 Iodo-Eugenol is employed as an antiseptic. 
 
 E UG E N O L-B EN ZO AT E. See under Eugenol. 
 
 E U G E N O L-C I N N A M AT E . See under Eugenol. 
 
 EULYPTOL. See Uiyptol. 
 
 EUONYMIN. 
 
 A glucoside obtained from the bark of the root of the Wahoo ( Euonymus atropur- 
 pureits). It forms a brownish- colored powder of very bitter taste, slightly soluble in 
 water and soluble in alcholand ether. Its properties are purgative. Hose 0 03 to 0.2 
 Gm. (46 to 3 grains). 
 
 EUPHORIN. C 6 H 5 NH-CO-OC a H 6 . 
 
 Synonym: Phenyl-Urethane. 
 
 The esters of carbamic acid CO are called Urethanes , euphorin being a 
 
 phenyl-ester. It is obtained by the interaction between aniline and mono-ehlorofor- 
 mic ethyl-ester, forming a colorless crystalline powder, melting at 49° to 50° C. (120.2 to 
 122 F.), slightly soluble in cold, more readily in hot water ; soluble in alcohol, ether and 
 hydroalcoholic mixtures. Euphorin is employed as an antipyretic, antirheumatic and 
 analgesic, in doses of 0.13 to 0:5 Gm (2 to 8 grains) ; as an antiseptic it is used in the 
 form of a dusting- powder in the treatment of ulcers, skin diseases, etc. 
 
 EUROPHEN. C 4 H 9 (OCH3)C6H3-C 6 H 2 .C 4 H 9 (CH3)OI. 
 
 Synonym : Isobutyl-Ortho-Cresol-Iodide. 
 
 The method of preparation is analogous to that employed in the manufacture of 
 aristol, in which a solution of isobutvl-ortho-cresol in dilute alkali is precipitated by a 
 solution of iodine in potassium iodide. Europhen forms a yellowish, amorphous pow- 
 der, of aromatic odor, insoluble in water ; easily soluble in alcohol, ether and the 
 fatty oils. It yields iodine to metallic salts. It should be preserved in a dry place, 
 away from the action of light ; water and alkalies decompose it. Europhen is em- 
 ployed as an antiseptic, being applied either as a dusting-oowder or as a 5 to 10# oint- 
 ment ; for subcutaneous injection a 3 to 5# solution in olive oil is used. 
 
 EXALGINE. C«H 6 N(CH3).(CH 3 CO). 
 
 Synonym : Methyl-Acetanilide. 
 
 This compound, a methylated acetanilide, is prepared by the interaction between 
 
30 
 
 THE NEWER REMEDIES. 
 
 acetyl-chloride and monomethyl-aniline. It forms acicular needles, which are diffi- 
 cultly soluble in cold water and readily in alcohol and diluted alcohol, melting at 100° 
 C. (212° F.) Exalgine is an antineuralgic, being given in doses of 0.065 to 0.2 Gm. (1 to 3 
 grains). 
 
 FAREOL. 
 
 A proprietary anodyne and antipyretic. 
 
 FERRATIN. 
 
 Natural ferratin, a compound of iron found in the liver, may be obtained by ex- 
 tracting the liver of the hog with water ; artificially by a patented process in which a 
 solution of egg albumen iron tartrate, sodium tartrate and hydrate are heated together 
 several hours at 90° C. ; the excess of alkali then neutralized with tartaric acid, am- 
 monia added and again heated several hours at 90° C\; when cold, the iron 
 albuminate is precipitated with tartaric acid. Ferratin forms a reddish bi own inodor- 
 ous and tasteless powder, insoluble in water or dilute acids, but soluble in water, pos- 
 sessing a slight alkaline reaction. The preparation contains about 7$ of iron. The 
 commercial article appears in two forms, one being insoluble, as described above, 
 and the other a soluble sodium compound. Ferratin is readily absorbed in the organ- 
 ism without causing the slightest digestive disturbances. Dose 0.5 Gm. (8 grains), 
 
 * children half this dose. 
 
 FERROPYRIN. (CuH^NaO^FeaCle. 
 
 A compound of three molecules of antipyrin and one molecule of ferric chloride. 
 This compound possesses the combined valuable properties of both its constituents, 
 hence may be employed in the treatment of anaemia, neuralgia, etc. Ferropyrin ap- 
 pears as an impalpable, orange-red colored powder, containing 64$ of antipyrin, 12$ of 
 iron, and 24$ of chlorine. Soluble in 5 parts of water at 15° C., and only 9 parts at 
 103° C., hence on boiling a cold saturated solution ferropyrin separates, and in the form 
 of ruby-red scales, which melt between 22^° and 225° C Very soluble in cold methyl- 
 alcohol, from which it separates in orange-red shining scales; also very soluble in 
 alcohol and insoluble in ether. The addition of alkalies or alkali bicarbonates to its 
 aqueous solution causes the precipitation of ferric hydrate. 
 
 FERRUM ALBUMINATUM. See Iron Albuminate. 
 
 FERRUM OXYDATUM SACCHARATUM SOLUBILE. 
 FERRUM PEPTONATUM. See Iron Peptonate. 
 
 See Iron Saccharated 
 [Oxide. 
 
 FILICIC ACID. (Amorphous). C 35 H 42 0 13 
 
 An amorphous principle obtained from the rhizome of the Male Fern ( Aspidium 
 filiv-mas). This forms a tasteless white powder, which is soluble in alcohol and the 
 fatty oils, melts at 125° C. (257° F.) The anthelmintic properties of male fern extract 
 are ascribed to this principle, which is given iu doses of 0.5 to 1 Gm. (8 to 15 grains). 
 If absorbed into the system, amorphous filicic acid is toxic, hence it should not be ad- 
 ministered with the fatty oils. The crystalline filicic acid is absolutely inert. (Poul- 
 sen). 
 
 FLUORESCEIN, or (Kesorcin-Phtalein). C 20 Hi 2 O 5 .H 2 O. 
 
 Phtalic acid anhydride (75 p.) is fused with resorcin (100 p.), the mass well washed 
 with hot water and crystallized from alcohol. Fluorescein forms a yellowish-red, 
 crystalline powder, insoluble in water, uniting with alkalies to form soluble salts. A 
 2$ alkaline (Na HC0 3 ) solution is employed in diagnosis of cornea! lesions, and detec- 
 tion of minute foreign bodies imbedded in that tissue. Those portions of the cornea 
 which are devoid of their epithelium are colored green, while foreign bodies are sur- 
 rounded by a green ring. (Straub.) 
 
 FORMALIN. H.COH+^H 2 0. 
 
 Synonyms : F rmic Aldehyde ; Formol. 
 
 This is a concentrated (40$) aqueous solution of formic aldehyde, the latter being 
 obtained by passing the vapors of methyl alcohol over g 1 owing coke or platinum spir- 
 als. This solution possesses a pungent odor and Deutral reaction, its sp. gr. being from 
 1.080 to 1.088. Formic aldehyde is a most powerful antiseptic, its solution and vapors 
 being devoid of any deleterious effect upon tissues or objects ; a 1 to 2$ solution is suf- 
 ficiently strong for all purposes. 
 
 FORMANILIDE. C 6 H 5 NH.COH. 
 
 This is obtained by digesting aniline with formic acid, or by rapidly heating it with 
 oxalic acid. It forms colorless prismatic needles, melting at 46° C. (115° F.), readily 
 soluble in water, alcohol, glycerin and the oils. Formanilide is employed as an anti- 
 pyretic and analgesic in doses of about 0.12 to 0.3 Gm. (2 to 5 grains). When applied, to 
 the mucous membrane in powder form, or used in the form of a subcutaneous injection 
 (1 Cc. of a 3$ solution), it acts as a local anaesthetic. 
 
THE NEWER REMEDIES. 
 
 81 
 
 FORMIC ALDEHYDE. See Formalin. 
 
 FORMOL. See Formalin. 
 
 FORMYL CHLORIDE. See Chloroform. 
 
 FORMYL-PHENACETINE. See under Phenacetine. 
 
 FORMYL TRI BROMIDE. See Bromoform. 
 
 FORMYL TRIIODIDE. See Iodoform. 
 
 FOSSILIN. 
 
 A name given to a petroleum product similar to petrolatum, vaselin, etc. 
 
 FRAXININ. 
 
 Synonym : Mannite. 
 
 FRUIT-SUGAR. See Diabetin. 
 
 GALLABROMOL. See Gallobromol. 
 
 GAL LAC ETOPHENONE. CH 3 -COC 6 H 2 (OH) 3 . 
 
 Synonyms : Alizarin-Yellow C. ; Methyl-keto-trioxybenzene ; Tri-oxy- 
 aceto-phenon. 
 
 This derivative of pyrogallol is known commercially under the name of “alizarine- 
 yellow C.” It is prepared by interaction between pyrogallol, acetic acid and zinc chloride 
 at 150° C. (302° F.) It forms a pale yellow powder, almost insoluble in cold water.- 
 readily soluble in hot water, alcohol, ether and glycerin. Gallacetophenone is em- 
 ployed in dermatology (10# ointment) as a substitute for pyrogallol, which frequently 
 gives rise to toxic symptoms. 
 
 GALLANOL. C 6 H 5 NH.CO.C 6 H 2 (OH) 3 . 
 
 Synonyms : Gallic Acid Anilide ; Gallinol. 
 
 This compound, the anilide of gallic acid, is obtained by boiling tannin with ani- 
 line. It is a colorless, crystalline solid, with bitter taste, soluble in water, alcohol and 
 ether ; possessing marked astringent properties. Gallanol is employed in skin diseases 
 in place of chrysophanic acid and pyrogallol, being less irritating and without poison 
 ous properties. The strength of the ointment varies from 3 to 20#; in some instances it 
 is used as a dusting-powder when mixed with French chalk. 
 
 GALLIC ACID ANILIDE. See Gallanol. 
 
 GALLINOL. See Gallanol. 
 
 GALLOBROMOL. C 6 Br 2 (OH) 3 COOH. 
 
 Synonyms : Di-bromo-gallic acid ; Gallabromol. 
 
 This compound, obtained by the action of bromine on gallic acid, occurs in fine 
 white needles, almost insoluble in cold, but readily soluble in hot water, also in al- 
 cohol and ether. It is used in neurasthenia and similar complaints as a sedative in 
 place of the alkaline bromides ; the dose being 1 to 10 Gm. (15 to 150 grains). 
 
 GELATOL. 
 
 An ointment base composed of a mixture of oil, glycerin, gelatin and water. 
 
 GLACIALIN. 
 
 A mixture of borax, boric acid and sugar. 
 
 G LO N O I N . Nitroglycerin (see U. S. P. ). 
 
 GLUCUSIMIDE. See Saccharin. 
 
 GLUSIDE. See Saccharin. 
 
 GLYCERIN-PHOSPHORIC ACID. 
 
 This compound, a glycerin ester of phosphoric acid, is prepared by interaction of 
 phosphoric acid and glycerin in the presence of dehydrating agents. It is a yellowish 
 inodorous, oily liquid, of acid taste, soluble in water and alcohol ; its calcium salt be- 
 ing chiefly employed. Used subcutaneously in doses of about 0.25 Gm. (3.8 grains) to 
 increase the amount of phosphorus in the organism of neurasthenics and those afflic- 
 ted with nervous disorders. 
 
 GLYCOLINE. 
 
 A purified petroleum oil, for use in atomizers. 
 
32 
 
 THE NEWER REMEDIES. 
 
 GLYCOZONE. • 
 
 A thick syrupy liquid, which is made by saturating glycerin with ozone. It is ad- 
 ministered in teaspoonful doses, diluted with water, in treatment of dyspepsia, etc. 
 
 GUAIACOL. C 6 H 4 (OOH 3 ) (O H) (1:2). 
 
 Synonyms : Methyl-Pyro-Catechol : Methyl-Pyrocatechin. 
 
 Beechwood tar creosote, which consists of a mixture of guaiacol, cresols and creosol, 
 is fractionated, collecting that portion which comes over between 20U° and 205° C.; this 
 product on treatment with alcoholic potassium -hydrate, yields potassium-guaiaeol. 
 which, when decomposed with dilute acids, liberates guaiacol. When pure, guaiacol 
 forms a crystalline solid, which melts at 28.5° C. (83. 3° F.), and boils at 205.1°C. (401.1° F.); 
 purified liquid creosote is a colorless refractive liquid, of agreeable aromatic odor, 
 having a specific gravity of about 1.143; soluble in 85 parts of water, readily in all 
 proportions in alcohol and ether. Commercial guaiacol (generally of synthetic origin), 
 does not contain more than 90# of pure guaiacol, its gravity is lower and color darkens 
 on exposure to air. Guaiacol is a valuable remedy in phthisis, being given in doses of 1 
 to 2 minims, which may be increased to 20 minims or more. It readily combines with 
 acid radicals forming crystalline compounds, among which are : 
 
 CREOS O TE CA RB O NA TE (Creosotol). This compound is analogous to guaiacol 
 carbonate, but is prepared directly from beech-wood creosote, instead of guaiacol. It 
 forms a thick, brownish, inodorous oil, insoluble in water. Creosotol is preferred to 
 creosote for internal administration since it is readily absorbed and free from all dis- 
 turbing symptoms which accompany creosote itself. Dose is 3 to 15 minims 
 
 GUAIACOL BENZOATE. See Benzosol. 
 
 GUAIACOL BINIODIDE. Is prepared by precipitating an aqueous solution of 
 sodium guaiacol with a solution of iodine in potassium iodide. Id forms a reddish- 
 brown powder, possessing an odor of iodine, soluble in alcohol and the fatty oils. 
 Nothiug definite is known as to its dose. 
 
 GUAIACOL CARBONATE , [C0 3 (C 6 H 4 0CH 3 ) 2 ]. The di-guaiacol ester of carbonic 
 acid, is formed by the action of phosgene gas on guaiacol sodium. This forms an in- 
 odorous, neutral, crystalline powder, (containing 91.5# of gnai icolV, insoluble in water, 
 slightly so in alcohol, glycerin and the oils ; melts at 65° C. (14ir F.). The irritation 
 produced by guaiacol, as well as creosote, has added to the popularity of. this salt, 
 which does not disturb the digestive functions, for, being insoluble, it passes 
 unchanged through the stem ich into the intestines, where it is split up. The dose is 
 0.3 to 0 5 Gm. (5 to 8 grains), gradually increasing to 5 Gm. (75 grains) daily. 
 
 GUAIACOL CARBONIC ACID (C 6 H 3 (OH) (OCH 3 ) C00H-f-2H 2 0. Is prepare,! 
 by passing carbonic-acid over sodium-guaiacol heated to 100° C. (212° F.), the resulting 
 product on treatment with acids yields the free acid. This forms a white, crystalline, 
 inodorous powder of bitter taste ; slightly soluble in water, readily in alcohol and ether, 
 melting at 150° C. (302° F.). Guaiacol carbonic acid and its alkali salts have been recom- 
 mended as antiseptics and antirheumatics. This compound should not be confused 
 with Guaiacol Carbonate. 
 
 GUAIACOL CINNAMATE or STYRACOL. C 6 H 5 .CH=CH.C0 2 C 6 H 4 .0CH 3 . Is the 
 cinnamic ester of guaiacol. It is prepared by warming a mixture of guaiacol and cin 
 namyl chloride in molecular proportions. This compound forms colorless needles which 
 melt at 130° C. (266° F ), insoluble in water, readily soluble in alcohol. Styracol is em- 
 ployed in catarrhal affections of the digestive organs, also in the treatment of phthisis. 
 
 GUAIACOL SALICYLATE or GUAIACOL-SALOL. C 6 H 4 (OH) COO-C 6 H 4 
 (OCH 3 ). A compound analogous to salol, is prepared by the action of phosphorus oxy- 
 chloride on a mixture of guaiacol sodium and sodium salicylate. It forms a white, in- 
 odorous. tasteless, crystalline powder, melting at 65° n. (149° F.>, a'most insoluble in 
 water, soluble in alcohol and ether. It is administered to phthisical patients to aid 
 digestion, also as an intestinal antiseptic in doses of 1 Gm. (15 grains). 
 
 G UAIA COL PHOSPHA TE. PO (C 6 II 4 O CH 3 0) 3 . This salt is prepared by H. Du 
 bois by making a solution of guaiacol in soda lye, cooling, and then adding phosphorus 
 oxychloride, drop by drop, in somewhat more than the theoretical quantity. After 
 standing five or six hours an oily layer of the phosphate collects on the bottom of the 
 vessel, which soon crystallizes, and is then purifie l by repeated washing with alcohol. 
 It crystallizes in hard colorless tables, melting at 98°. It is insoluble in water, alcohol 
 and petroleum ether, and easily soluble in chloroform and acetone. 
 
 GUAIA COL SUC CIN A TE. This new ester of guaiacol may be prepared either by 
 treating a mixture of guaiacol and succinic acid with a definite quantity of phosphorus 
 oxychloride, or, preferably, by treating an aqueous soda solution of guaiacol, cooling it 
 the while with succinyl chloride. It has the formula G 4 H 4 0 4 (C 6 H 4 OCH 3 ) 2 . It crystal- 
 lizes in fine needles with a silken luster, melring at 136° c. It is unsoluble in water, 
 slightly soluble in ether and alcohol, and readily so in chloroform. 
 
THE NEWER REMEDIES. 
 
 83 
 
 OLEO- CREOSOTE , the oleic ester of creosote, prepared by combining creosote 
 with oleic acid by means of phosphorus trichloride. This is a yellow, oily liquid (35# 
 creosote), insoluble in water and nearly so in alcohol, soluble in ether and in oils. 
 It is used as an antiphthisic in doses of 15 to 16 minims. 
 
 GUARANIN. See Caffeine. 
 
 GYMNEMIC ACID. C 3 H 55 0 12 . 
 
 The active principle prepared from the leaves of Gymnemct silvestre. 
 
 It forms a greenish white powder, of an acid astringent taste, sparingly soluble in 
 water, easily in alcohol. It produces a temporary ageusia to sweet and bitter tastes. 
 Before partaking of bitter medicines, the mouth is rinsed out with a 12 per cent hydm- 
 alcoholic solution. 
 
 H/EMALBUMIN. 
 
 A predigested iron albuminate, one gramme containing all the constituents which 
 are found in 6 grammes of fresh healthy blood, with exception of fibrin and such 
 products as urea, kreatinin. etc. Also 1 Gm. of Haemalbumin, aside from the readiness 
 with which it is absorbed, is equal to 25 Gm. of biquor Ferri Albuminati. For infants, 
 one gramme dissolved in hot water, with sufficient sugar, is used. For adults the 
 same quantity may be given in dry powder form several times daily. 
 
 H/CMATOGEN. 
 
 A yellowish powder, containing 0.7# of iron, or a liquid obtained by adding ferric 
 citrate and acetic acid to an alkaline s lution of albumen. This is employed in treat- 
 ment of rachitis and scrofulous conditions, also as a tonic for ansemics. Dose of the 
 liquid is 1 to 4 teaspoonfuls, according to age. 
 
 H/EMOGALLOL. 
 
 A ferruginous blood preparation, obtained by oxidizing the haemoglobin of the 
 blood (defibrinated blood) by the action of pyrogallol, thus furnishing a compound 
 which is easily assimilated and supplies those constituents of the blood which are 
 found lacking in chlorosis and anaemia. It forms a red-brown powder, insoluble and 
 tasteless, being given in doses of 0.2 to 0.5 Gm. (3 to 8 grains). 
 
 H/EMOL. 
 
 A preparation closely allied to haemogallol, being obtained in the same manner, 
 except that zinc-dust is employed as reducing agent. This is a dark brown insoluble 
 powder, administered as a tonic in doses of 0.1 to 0.5 Gm. (1*4 to 8 grains). 
 
 HELENIN. C 6 H b O. See Alantol. 
 
 A stearoptene obtained from the root of Inula Helenium (Elecampane Root) by 
 exhaustion with alcohol and precipitating the resulting extract by pouring into 
 water. It forms white, acicular crystals, which melt at 110° C. (23 »° H\), insoluble in 
 water, readily soluble in hot alcohol, also in ether and the oils. Helenin is employed 
 in treatment of whooping cough, bronchitis and tubercular coughs in doses of 0.01 Gm. 
 (1*6 grain) 
 
 HELIOTROPIN. See Piperonal. 
 
 HOMATROPINE. C ia H 21 N0 3 . 
 
 Synonym : Oxy-toluol-tropine. 
 
 An artificial alkaloid obtained from tropine mandelate, prepared synthetically by 
 Ladenburg from tropic acid and tropin, the two derivatives of atropine. This forms 
 colorless, very hygroscopic crystals, slightly soluble in water. Its action is like that of 
 atropine, but less persistent and weaker, causing, when applied to the eye, rapid dila- 
 tion of the pupil, which passe* off sooner than that of atropine. Also given internally 
 in treatment of the night-sweats of phthisis. The maximal internal dose is 0 001 Gm. 
 (1-64 grain) ; as application, in 1 per cent, solution. The salts of the alkaloid are pre- 
 ferred. 
 
 HOMATROPINE HYDROBROMATE, (C ia H 21 N0 3 . H Br). because of its ready 
 solubility and non-hygroscopic nature, is preferred to the alkaloid. The dose and 
 properties are the same. The other salts of homatropine are the hydrochlorate , sali- 
 cylate and sulphate. 
 
 HYDRACETINE. C a H 5 NH-NII-CH 3 CO. 
 
 Synonyms : Pyrodine ; Acetyl-phenyl-hydrazine. 
 
 This compound may be looked upon as hydrazine 1I 2 N-NII 2 , in which a hydrogen 
 in each of the NH 2 groups is replaced by a monovalent radical, one being a phenyl 
 (C 6 H 3 ), the other being an acetyl (CH 3 CO) group, or it may be considered as being the 
 
34 
 
 THE NEWER REMEDIES. 
 
 I 
 
 acetyl derivative of phenyl-hydrazine. It is obtained by heating together acetic anhy- 
 dride and phenyl hydrazine. Hydracetine occurs in colorless, inodorous aud tasteless 
 crystals, which melt at 128.5° C. (263.5° F.), soluble in 50 parts of water and readily so 
 in alcohol. Its properties are those of an antipyretic and antirheumatic, in doses of 
 0.05 to 0.1 Gm. (3-5 to grains). Care should be taken in administering this remedy, 
 because of its powerful and toxic properties. 
 
 HYDRASTINE. C 21 H 21 N0 6 . 
 
 An alkaloid obtained from the rhizome of Hydrastis canadensis. It occurs in 
 yellowish white crystals which melt at 132° C. (269.6° F.), of intensely bitter taste, insol- 
 uble in water, readily soluble in alcohol and ether. Hydrastine is employed in 
 metrorrhagia, also as a tonic and antiperiodic in doses of 0.015 to 0.03 Gm. (H to 
 grain). It is not used externally, because of its insolubility. 
 
 HYDRASTINE HYDRO CHLORATE forms a pale yellow, crystalline powder, of 
 very bitter taste, readily soluble in water and alcohol. It is employed in gonorrhoea, 
 conjunctivitis, leucorrhoea, etc., externally in various dermal affections in a one per 
 cent ointment or lotion. 
 
 HYDRASTININE. CnH n N0 2 . 
 
 This is obtained as the oxidation product of hydrastine by nitric acid. It forms 
 acicular crystals, melting at 116° to 117° C. (240.8° to 242.6° F.), insoluble in water, 
 readily soluble in alcohol and ether. 
 
 HYDRASTININE HYDROCHLORIDE is usually employed in medicine became 
 of its ready solubility. It occurs in yellow crystals which melt at 205° C. (401° F.). It 
 is employed as a uterine haemostatic, also in dysmenorrhoea, metrorrhagia, etc., in 
 doses of 0.025 Gm. (% grain). As a subcutaneous injection ^ to 1 Cc. of a 10# aqueous 
 solution once daily. 
 
 HYDROCHINON. See Hydroquinone. 
 
 HYDROCINNAMIC ACID. See Beta-phenyl-propionic acid. 
 
 HYDRONAPHTHOL. 
 
 An antiseptic and disinfectant, said to be obtained from beta-naphthol by reduc- 
 tion, in which a hydrogen atom is replaced by the hydroxyl group. Usually given in 
 keratin or salol-coated pills containing 0.1 to 0.2 Gm. (1^ to 3 grains). For external 
 use, in a one per cent, solution. 
 
 HYDROQUINONE. C 6 H 4 (OH) a (1:4). 
 
 Synonyms: Ilydrochinon; Para-dioxybenzol. 
 
 This body is an isomer of resorcin, being prepared by the oxidation of aniline with 
 chromic acid mixture. It forms colorless, hexagonal prisms, which melt at 169° C. 
 (336.2° F.), difficultly soluble in cold water, readily so in hot water, in alcohol and in 
 ether. Hydroquinone is used as an antiferment, antiseptic and antipyretic ; as anti- 
 pyretic its dose is 1 Gm. (15 grains) ; as an injection or wash in 10# solution. 
 
 Hydroquinone is largely employed as a photograph ic developer. 
 
 HYDROXYLAMINE HYDROCHLORIDE. NH a OH.HCU 
 Synonym : Oxy-ammonium chloride. 
 
 Hydroxylamine may be regarded as ammonia, NH 3 . in which a hydrogen atom is 
 replaced by the hydroxyl group OH. This base is obtained by interaction between 
 sulphurous and nitrous acids at low temperature. Hydroxylamine hydrochlorate 
 forms colorless, hygroscopic, crystalline plates, readily soluble in water, glycerin and 
 alcohol. It is characterized by its great reducing power, precipitating such metals as 
 gold, silver and mercury from their solutions; it likewise reduces Fehling’s solution. 
 This’compound is employed as an antiseptic in place of chrysarobin. pyrogallol and 
 anthrarobin in treatment of skin diseases as a 1-10 to 4-10 per cent solution. 
 
 HYOSCINE. (Scopolamine, Schmidt). Ci 7 H 21 N0 4 . 
 
 This amorphous alkaloid occurs, along with atropine and hyoscy amine, in the vari- 
 ous solanaceous plants, particularly the seeds of Hyoscyamus niqer. Hyoscine is identi- 
 cal with, or, according to Schmidt and Hesse, it is Scopolamint (Ci 7 H 21 N0 4 ), as obtained 
 from the roots of the Scopolia atropoides ; commercial hyosciue being scopolamine. 
 Among the various salts employed are the hydrobromate, hydrochlorate, hydro iodate 
 and sulphate. It is stated that a solution of scopolamine, 1 to 100U, is five times stronger 
 than the same solution of atropin. 
 
 HYOSCINE HYDROBROMATE (C 17 H 21 N0 4 .HBr-f-3H 2 0) occurs in colorless, 
 permanent, odorless, acrid crystals. It is employed as a hypnotic and sedative in 
 various mental diseases, also as an antaphrodisiac, antisialagogue and mydriatic. Its 
 dose as a hypnotic in insanity is 0/02 Gm. (1-30 grain), as sedative 0.0004 to 0.0006 Gm. 
 (1-150 to 1-100 grain). Subcutaneously, as hypnotic, 0.0004 to 0.0006 Gm. (1-150 to 1-100 
 grain), as sedative 0.0002 to 0.0003 Gm. (1-300 to 1-200 grain). As a mydriatic a 1# solution 
 is used. Antidotes the same as for atropine 
 
THE NEWER REMEDIES. 
 
 35 
 
 HYOSCYAMIN E. C 17 H aa N0 3 . 
 
 An alkaloid which occurs with hyoscine and atropine in the seeds and leaves of 
 the Hyoscyamus Niger , also found in roots of the Scopolia Atropoides and Japonica , 
 also m the leaves of the Duboisia Myoporides , etc. It forms white, silky, permanent 
 crystals, melting at 1 <i 8.5° C. (227.3° F.), almost insoluble in water, readily soluble in 
 alcohol and ether. The action of hyoscyamine is like that of atropine, but it is chiefly 
 employed as a hypnotic in mental disorders, as an anodyne and antispasmodic in 
 asthma, eDilepsy. colics, etc. Its usual dose is y 2 to 2 Mg. (1-120 to 1-30 grain); as 
 hypnotic for the insane 0.0075 to 0.015 Gm. (% to grain. 
 
 Among the various soluble salts employed are the hydrobr ornate, hydrochlorate and 
 sulphate. 
 
 HYPNAL. (Monochlorantipyrine.) See under Antipyrine. 
 
 HYPNONE. C 6 H 5 -CO-CH 3 . 
 
 Synonyms: Acetophenone; Methyl-phenyl-ketone. 
 
 This is a mixed ketone obtained by the dry distillation of a mixture of calcium 
 acetate and benzoate. Hypnone is a colorless, oily fluid, of peculiar odor and pungent 
 taste. Its sp. gr. is 1.032, and when exposed to the temperature of 14° C. (57.2° F.). it 
 solidifies. Only slightly soluble in water, but readily miscible with alcohol, ether and 
 the fatty oils. It is employed as a hypnotic in doses of 0.05 to 0 2 Gm. (7-10 to 3 grains), 
 or 1 to 3 minims. 
 
 IATROL. 
 
 Synonym : Oxy-iodo-methyl-anilide. 
 
 Nothing is known concerning the preparation of this compound, which is described 
 as being an inodorous, non-poisonous antiseptic, designed to replace iodoform. 
 
 ICHTHYOL. C a8 H 36 S 3 0 6 (N H 4 ) 3 
 
 Synonym : Ammonium-ichthyol-sulphonate. 
 
 A bituminous mineral of Tyrol, which is rich in fossilized remains of aquatic ani- 
 mals, is subjected to dry distillation, yielding a dark, oily distillate ; this is treated 
 with an excess of sulphuric acid, by which ichthyol-sulphonic acid is formed ; this 
 product on being purified and neutralized with ammonia yields ammonium ichthyol- 
 sulphonate. Ichthyol forms a thick brownish liquid, of bituminous odor and taste, 
 containing 15£ of easily assimilable sulphur; its sp. gr. is 1.0U6; soluble in water, gly- 
 cerine. a mixture of equal parts of alcohol and ether, and the oils. It is employed 
 externally in various skin diseases, rheumatism, inflammatory diseases, and in gynae- 
 cological practice; internally it is given for various affections of the digestive and 
 intestinal tract, also in treatment of scrofula, syphilis, etc. As external application, 
 from 5 to ointment or solution is used ; in gonorrhoea 1 to ?>% solutions are em- 
 ployed ; the internal dose is 0.2 to 0.6 Gm. (3 to 10 m.), 3 times daily in pills or capsules 
 
 Among the various other salts of ichthyol sulphonic acids, are the ichthyol-sul- 
 phonates of sodium, magnesium, zinc and mercury. These are black, tarry-like masses, 
 the magnesium salt making the best pill, while the zinc salt is best for injections. 
 
 INDOPHENINE. See under Phenacetine. 
 
 INGESTOL. 
 
 An opalescent, yellow liquid, recommended for the treatment of acute and chronic 
 disturbances of the stomach and intestines, also sea-si jkness. As far as known, it con- 
 tains magnesium, potassium and sodium sulphates, sodium chloride, ferric chloride 
 alcohol and water. 
 
 IODANTIFEBRIN. C 6 H 4 INH C,H 3 0. 
 
 Synonym : Iodacetanilid. 
 
 Prepared by the action of iodine on acetanilid. It forms a crystalline powder, 
 insoluble in water. As far as its action is concerned it is almost inert. Nothing is 
 known concerning its properties. 
 
 IODINE TRI-CHLORIDE. IC1 3 . 
 
 Prepared by passing dry chlorine gas over dry iodine which is warmed; the iodine 
 trichloride which forms sublimes in the cooler portions of the apparatus 
 Orange to yellow, hygroscopic needles, which melt at 25° C. (77° F.), fumin^ ori 
 exposure to the air; when warmed it decomposes into iodine monochloride* and 
 chlorine. Soluble in alcohol and water; when dissolved in a large excess of the latter 
 decomposition ensues. Iodine terchloride is a powerful antiseptic and disinfectant 
 (1:1000), its value depending upon the liberation of chlorine, which is rendered still 
 more active by the presence of iodine. 
 
 IODO-CAFFEI N E. See under Caffeine. 
 
36 
 
 THE NEWER REMEDIES. 
 
 IODO-PHENO-CH LORAL. 
 
 This is a mixture of equal parts of tincture of iodine, carbolic acid, and chloral 
 hydrate, forming a brown-colored fluid, which is recommended as a parasiticide in cer- 
 tain skin diseases. 
 
 IODOPYRINE. See under Antipyrine. 
 
 IODOL. C 4 I 4 NH. 
 
 Synonym: Teti aiodopyrrol. 
 
 To a solution of pyrrol (1 part) in alcohol (10 parts), a solution of iodine (12 parts) 
 in alcohol (240 parts) is added, and allowed to stand 24 hours ; on mixing this product 
 with four times its volume of water, iodol separates in yellow flocks. lodol, which 
 contains 89^ of iodine, forms a pale yellow, inodorous, tasteless powder, insoluble in 
 water, soluble in 3 parts of alcohol, 15 parts of ether, 50 parts of chloroform and 15 
 parts of oil. Iodol was introduced as a substitute for iodoform, possessing the advan- 
 tage of being inodorous and non-toxic. 
 
 IODOL-CAFFEINE (C 8 H 10 N 4 O 2 -j-C 4 T 4 NH) is a crystalline compound, made by the 
 interaction between molecular weights of iodol and caffeine in concentrated alcoholic 
 solution. It forms an inodorous, tasteless, crystalline powder, insoluble in the usual 
 solvents. Used as an antiseptic like iodol, of which it contains 74.6 per cent. 
 
 IOD 0 CA SEIN , a new antiseptic and iodoform substitute. It is a yellowish powder, 
 with a faint iodine odor. 
 
 I O DO-T HEOBROM1NE. See under Caffeine 
 
 IRON ALBUMINATE. 
 
 Synonym : Ferrum Albuminatum. 
 
 This is a compound of ferrio chloride and albumen, forming golden-yellow, trans- 
 parent scales, which are soluble in water. See Dispensatories. 
 
 IRON, OXIDE SACCHARATED, SOLUBLE. 
 
 Synonym : Ferrum Oxydatum Saccharatum Solubile. 
 
 This is a red-brown colored powder, of sweet taste, soluble in 20 parts of hot water. 
 For method of preparation, see Dispensatories. 
 
 IRON PEPTONATE. 
 
 Synonym : Ferrum Peptonatum . 
 
 This forms red-brown scales, which are soluble in water. This is a compound of 
 ferric chloride and peptone (digested albumen). See Dispensatories. 
 
 5-ISOAMYLENE. See Pental. 
 
 IZAL. See under Cresol. 
 
 JEQUIRITIN. SeeAbrin. 
 
 JESSANODINE. 
 
 A proprietary antiseptic and analgesic. 
 
 K A I R I N . See under Chinolin. 
 
 K A I R O L I N . See under Chinolin. 
 
 KAPUTINE. 
 
 This is said to be merely a colored Acetanilid. 
 
 KEPHALINE. 
 
 A proprietary headache remedy. 
 
 KLINOL. 
 
 A pro; rietary antipyretic and analgesic. 
 
 KOSIN. C 31 H 38 O 10 . 
 
 Synonyms : Koussein ; Kussin ; Kosein. 
 
 A bitter principle, isolated from the flowers of Hagenia abyssinica , Willd. This 
 forms inodorous, tasteless, yellow-colored crystalline needles, which melt at 142° C. 
 (287.6° F.). insoluble in water, readily soluble in alcohol, ether and the alkalies. Kosin 
 is employed as an anthelmintic and taeniafuge in doses of 1 to 2 Gm. (15 to 30 grains). 
 
 KRESAPOL. See under Cresol. 
 

 THE NEWER REMEDIES. 3? 
 
 KRESIN. See under Cresol. 
 
 KOUSSEIN. See Kosin. 
 
 KUSSIN. See Kosin. 
 
 LABORDINE. 
 
 A secret remedy, forming a greyish powder, slightly soluble in water, soluble in 
 alcohol. It is stated to contain acetanilid, caffeine, saccharin and possibly a little 
 apiol. 
 
 LACTOL, OR LACTO-NAPHTHOL. 
 
 A lactic ester of b.-naphthol. similar to benzo-naphthol. In the organism it is split 
 up into lactic acid and b.-naphthol. hence is used as an intestinal antiseptic. It forms 
 a colorless and tasteless powder. Dose, about 0.25 to 0.5 Gm. (3.5 to 8 grains). 
 
 LACTOPHENINE. See under Phenetidine. 
 
 LACTYL-PHENETIDINE. See under Phenetidine. 
 
 L/EVULOSE. See Diabetin. 
 
 LAMIN. 
 
 An alkaloid obtained from the flowers of Lamium album. Employed in the form 
 of a sulphate or hydrochloride in subcutaneous injections as a powerful haemostatic. 
 
 LANOLIN, SULPHURATED. See Thilanin. 
 
 LANTANIN. 
 
 An alkaloid occurring in the herb Lantana Braziliensis. Forms a white, bitter, 
 crystalline powder, which is employed as an antiperiodic and antipyretic in doses of 1 
 to 2 Gm. (15 to 30 grains). 
 
 LEUKO ALIZARIN. See Anthrarobin . 
 
 LIPANIN. 
 
 A mixture of olive oil, with of oleic acid, offered as a substitute for cod-liver oil. 
 
 LIQUOR ANTHRACIS SIMPLICIS, AND COM POSITUS. 
 
 An antiseptic preparation of coal-tar, of the consistence of a thin fluid, which, 
 when spread in thin layers, evaporates rapidly. A solution of sulphur, resorcin and 
 salicylic acid in Liquor Anthracis Simplicis constitutes the “Compound Solution.” 
 Nothing is known as to the solvent and method of preparation. 
 
 LIQUOR ANTISEPTICUS-VOLKMANN. 
 
 An antiseptic solution supposed to contain alcohol (10), Glycerin (200) and water (100). 
 
 LITHIUM DIURETIN. See Uropherin . 
 
 LITHIUM SALTS. 
 
 BENZOATE C 6 H 5 COO Li. Equal molecular weights of lithium carbonate and 
 salicylic acid are brought together with sufficient water and heated until solution has 
 taken place ; the resulting solution of lithium benzoate is evaporated to dryness on a 
 water-bath. This salt occurs as a fine, white powder or in scales, which are soluble in 
 3 parts of cold water and 10 parts of alcohol. Is employed in the treatment of rheu 
 matism in doses of 0.5 to 1 Gm. (8 to 15 grains). 
 
 S-C 6 H 3 (OH)COO Li 
 
 DITHIOSALICYLATE 1. | Obtained by neutralizing dithio 
 
 S-C«TT 3 (OH)COO Li 
 
 salicylic acid 1 (q. v.) with lithium carbonate. This is a yellow powder, readily soluble 
 in water and insoluble in alcohol. The therapeutic properties and dose of this sail 
 have not been determined. 
 
 DITHIOSALICYLATE 2 is obtained by neutralizing dithiosalicylic acid 2 (q. v.) 
 with lithium carbonate. This salt forms an amorphous powder which is soluble in 
 water and alcohol. Employed in treatment of rheumatism aud gout 
 
 FORMA TE. HCOO Li-f II 2 0. Obtained by neutralizing formic acid with lithium 
 carbonate, recrystallizing the resulting salt. It forms colorless needles which are 
 very soluble in water. Employed in rheumatism and gout ; dose, about 0.2 Gm. 
 (3 grains), 
 
 SALICYLATP. , C 6 H 4 (OH)COO Li, is obtained by neutralizing an equivalent amount 
 of salicylic acid (138 p.) with lithium carbonate (37 p.) in the presence of water con- 
 taining a little alcohol ; the resulting solution should have a slight acid reaction. 
 This salt forms a white, readily soluble, crystalline powder, which is employed in 
 treatment of acute and chronic rheumatism in doses of 0.5 to 1 Gm. (8 to 15 grains). 
 
38 
 
 THE NEWER REMEDIES. 
 
 I 
 
 SULPHOICRTHYOLATE is obtained by neutralizing ichthyol-suljjhonic acid 
 with lithium carbonate. It forms a black looking, tarry-like mass, which is dissolved 
 by water, forming a turbid solution. Employed internally in treatment of rheuma- 
 tism, in doses of 0.5 Gm. (8 grains). 
 
 LORETIN. See under Chinolin. 
 
 LOSOPHAN. C 6 HI 3 (OH)(CH 3 ). 
 
 Synonym : Tri-Iodo-Meta-Cresol. 
 
 This is prepared by the action of iodine, in the presence of an alkali, on o-oxy-p- 
 toluic acid. Losophan forms colorless, inodorous crystals, insoluble in water, soluble 
 in ether and the fixed oils, melts at 121.5° C. (250.5° F.), and contains 78.4 per cent of 
 iodine. It is employed in various parasitic affections of the skin in alcoholic solution 
 (1 to 2 #), or as an ointment (1 to 10$). 
 
 LUCILLINE. 
 
 A pure petroleum jelly. 
 
 LUPERINE. 
 
 A mixture of powdered gentian, col umbo and quassia. Remedy against dipso- 
 mania. 
 
 LYCETOL. (Di-methyl-piperazine tartrate) (NH (CH 2 .CHCH 3 ) 2 NH). 
 
 This is obtained by distilling glycerin with ammonium bromide, and reducing the 
 resulting product (di-methyl-pyrazine) with metallic sodium ; is said to be more 
 efficacious as a solvent for uric acid than piperazine. The dose is the same as that of 
 piperazine. 
 
 LYSIDIN. (CH 2 N)(CH 2 NH)C.CH 3 . 
 
 Synonym : Methvl-glyoxalidin. 
 
 This base is obtained by Ladenburg by the interaction between ethylen-diamine 
 hydrochloride and sodium acetate, liberating the base from its salt by means of a 
 caustic alkali. It is described as being a bright red-colored crystalline mass, very 
 hygroscopic and characterized by a pecu'iar mouse like odor. Because of its 
 extremely hygroscopic nature it is now placed on the market in the form of a 50 per 
 cent, solution. This is a pale yellowish liquid of soap-like feeling when rubbed 
 between the fingers; its sp gr. is 1.054 and boiling point about 108° C. (226.4° F.). It 
 precipitates solutions of mercuric chloride and iodide, soluble in excess of lysidin; 
 ferric chloride forms a brown precipitate, soluble in excess of the reagent. One 
 
 gramme of lysidin (cryst.) requires 5 Cc. of y hydrochloric acid v.s. for neutralization, 
 
 phenol-phtalein being the indicator. Lysidin is recommended as a solvent for uric 
 acid deposits, being given in doses of 1 to 5 Gm. (15 to 75 grains) daily, dissolved in 
 excess of carbonated water. Where the solution (50#) is employed an equivalent 
 double amount i 5 used. 
 
 LYSOL. See under Cresol. 
 
 MAGNESIUM SALTS. 
 
 BENZOATE. (C 6 H 5 COO) 2 Mg. Magnesium carbonate is mixed with sufficient 
 water to form a smooth paste; to this is then added an equivalent (molecular) quan- 
 tity of benzoic acid, and the solution evaporated to dryness. It forms a white 
 crystalline powder, soluble in 20 parts of cold water. Employed in the treatment of 
 gout, urinary calculi, etc. It has been recommended by Klebs in treatment of tube* - 
 culosis. 
 
 LACTATE. (C 3 H 5 0 3 ) 2 Mg-h3H 2 0. Lactic acid, previously diluted with water, is 
 neutralized with magnesium carbouate. evaporated and crystallized. It forms color- 
 less crystals which are soluble in 30 parts of cold water. Employed as a laxative in 
 doses of 1 to 3 Gm. (15 to 45 grains). 
 
 PHENOLSTJLPHON ATE. This salt, which occurs as white, almost odorless, 
 needles, with a bitter, not disagreeable, taste, has been recommended as an antiseptic 
 purgative in doses of 15 to 30 grains. The alkaline character of the salt is an advan 
 tage, as it diminishes the danger of intestinal irritation. The salt is soluble in 2 parts 
 of water and 5 parts of alcohol. 
 
 SALICYLATE. (C 6 H 4 (0H)C00) 2 Mg-h4H 2 0. Salicylic acid is dissolved in boiling 
 water and neutralized with magnesium carbonate, evaporated and crystallized. It 
 forms colorless, hygroscopic crystals which a rt e readily soluble in water and alcohol. 
 Employed in abdominal typhus in doses of 1 to 2 Gm. (15 to 30 grains) 
 
THE NEWER REMEDIES. 
 
 39 
 
 
 M ALA K I N . C 6 H 4 (OC a H 6 ).N:CH.C6H 4 (OH). 
 
 Synonyms : Salicyl-phenetidine ; Salicyliden-phenetidine. 
 
 This is a condensation product of p-phenetidine and salicylic aldehyde, occurring 
 in bright yellow needles, which melt at 92° C. (197.6° F.), almost insoluble in water and 
 alcohol and decomposed by dilute mineral acids. Malakin is recommended as an anti- 
 pyretic and and antirheumatic in doses of 1 Gm. (15 grains). 
 
 MERCURY SALTS AND COMPOUNDS. 
 
 MERCUROUS ACETATE. (CH 3 COO) 2 Hg 2 . A solution of mercurous nitrate is 
 poured, under constant stirring and away from access of light, into a cold solution of 
 sodium acetate ; the precipitate formed is allowed to stand in a cool place for 12 
 hours, then washed with a little water and alcohol, and dried at a low temperature. 
 It forms white, glassy scales, which turn gray on exposure to heat or light, particu- 
 larly when moistened with water; soluble in 30: i parts of water and insoluble in 
 alcohol. Employed in treatment of syphilis in form of pill, dose being 0.01 to 0 06 Gm. 
 (1-6 to 1 grain), externally in ointments (1 :10:25). 
 
 MERCURY AETHYL CHLORIDE is obtained by mixing equal parts of mercuric 
 chloride (dissolved in alcohol) and mercury ethide ; the resulting aethylchloride forms 
 colorless shining scales, of unpleasant ethereal odor, slightly soluble in water and 
 alcohol. Because of its indifference to albumen, it is recommended for subcutaneous 
 injection in place of mercuric chloride. 
 
 MERCUR Y A ML D OPR OPI ON A TE , OR ALAN A TE, is prepared by neutralizing 
 amidopropionic acid with mercuric oxide, evaporating and crystallizing. Forms a 
 white crystalline soluble powder. Employed for subcutaneous injections in place of 
 mercuric chloride. 
 
 Dose, 0.005 to 0.01 Gm. (1-12 to 1-6 grain). 
 
 MERCURY ALBUMINATE is obtained by pouring a solution of albumen (1:8) 
 into a 1% mercuric chloride solution, the former being in slight excess. The solution 
 is allowed to stand for 48 hours; the clear solution is then decanted from the precipi- 
 tate, which is at once mixed with sugar of milk and dried in an exsiccator, adding 
 sufficient milk sugar, so that the resulting powder contains 1 to 1.5# of mercury albu- 
 minate. This preparation is used as an antiseptic dusting powder in surgery. 
 
 MERCURIC-OXIDE- ASPAR AGIN (C 2 H 3 (NH 2 )(CONH 2 )(COO) 2 Hg, is an aqueous 
 solution prepared by adding 0.72 Gm. of freshly precipitated mercuric oxide to a 
 solution of 1 gramme of asparagin in 5 Gm. of water, shaking frequently for some 
 time, filtering, and adding water to 72 Cc. This solution ( 1 %) is used subcutaneously 
 in treating syphilitic diseases. 
 
 MERCURIC BENZOATE^ (C 6 H 6 C00) 2 Hg+H20, is obtained by precipitating a 
 solution of mercuric nitrate with a solution of sodium benzoate. This forms a white, 
 crystalline, inodorous, tasteless powder, slightly soluble in water, but readily soluble 
 in a solution of common salt. Employed subcutaneously in treatment of syphilis, 
 the solution being prepared from 3 parts of the benzoate, 1 part of sodium chloride 
 and 400 parts of water, one syringeful being given daily. 
 
 MERCURIC- CHLORIDE-UREA. To a cold solution of 1 Gm. of mercuric 
 chloride in 100 Cc. of water, 0.5 Gm. of urea is added, and, when solution has taken 
 place, filtered. Employed subcutaneously in syphilis ; 1 Cc. of the solution contains 
 0.01 Gm. of mercuric chloride. 
 
 MERCURIC CYANIDE , Hg(CN) 2 , is made by passing hydrocyanic-acid gas 
 through water which contains freshly precipitated yellow oxide of mercury; the solu- 
 tion is then filtered, evaporated and crystallized (caution ! !). This forms colorless 
 crystals, which are very soluble in water and alcohol. Employed in syphilitic diseases 
 subcutaneously (0.1 Gm. in 10 Cc. water), to 1 syringeful daily. Great caution 
 should be observed in administering this remedy. 
 
 MERCURY CARBOLATE OR PHENATE. (C«H 6 0) 2 Hg+H 2 0. An alcoholic 
 solution of mercuric chloride is added to an alcoholic solution of sodium phenate, the 
 solution is evaporated to dryness, and the product washed with water, then crystal- 
 lized from alcohol. Mercury phenate forms colorless needles, almost insoluble in cold 
 water and alcohol. Employed in syphilis in doses of 0.016 to 0.032 Gm. 04 to 
 grain). 
 
 MERCURIC FORMAMIDATEy (HCONH) 2 Hg, is a solution resulting fr m the 
 solvent action of formamide on freshly precipitated mercuric oxide. Each cubic 
 centimeter corresponds to 0.01 Gm. mere jric chloride. Employed subcutaneously in 
 syphilis (0.1 to 10). 
 
 MERCURY GALL ATE. Molecular quantities of gallic acid and yellow mercuric 
 oxide are mixed with water and evaporated to dryness. This forms a greenish-biack, 
 insoluble powder, which is used as an antisyphilitic in place of the less stable tannate. 
 
40 
 
 THE NEWER REMEDIES. 
 
 I 
 
 MERCURY IMID O-SUCCINA TE OR ASPAR AGIN ATE. [C 2 H 4 (CO) 2 N] 2 Hg. 
 Freshly precipitated mercur c oxide is warmed with an aqueous solution of succini- 
 mide, the filtered solution is evaporated and crystallized. It forms a lustrous crystal- 
 line powder, soluble in 25 parts of water and 300 parts of alcohol. Subcutaneously in- 
 jected in doses of 0.01 Gm. (l-fi^grain). 
 
 MERCURIC NAPHTOL ATE. (C 10 H 7 O) 2 Hg. A solution of mercuric nitrate is 
 precipitated by means of 6-sodium naphtolate ; the resulting precipitate forms, when 
 washed and dried, an inodorous, insoluble powder, employed externally in skin 
 diseases, internally in treatment of typhus. Dose, 0.05 Gm. (1 grain). 
 
 MERCURIC OXYCY AMIDE, Hg 2 0(CN) 2 , is a white crystalline soluble powder, 
 which is said to be six times more powerful as an antiseptic than corrosive sublimate, 
 at the same time possessing the advantages of being neutral, less caustic and not 
 coagulating albumen. As an antiseptic wash, so'utions of 1 to 1,500 are employed 
 
 MERCURIC PEPTONATE. a yellowish solution, which contains mercuric 
 chloride 1 part, peptoue 3 parts and sodium chloride 3 parts, dissolved in 100 parts of 
 water. This is employed for subcutaneous injections, since it does not cause pain nor 
 produce abscesses. The dose is 1 Cc. corresponding to 0.01 Gm. (1-6 grain) of mercuric 
 chloride. 
 
 GLUTIVE-PEPT ONE-SUBLIMATE is a compound of mercuric chloride (25 %) 
 with glutine peptone hydrochloride. This forms a white hygroscopic powder, which 
 is used in subcutaneous injections, the dose being 0.01 Gm. (1-6 grain). 
 
 MERCURY-POTASSIUM-HYPOSULPHITE . 3Hg (S 2 0 3 ) 2 +5K 2 S 2 0 3 , isVepared 
 by dissolving freshly precipitated mercuric oxide in a solution of potassium hyposul- 
 phite, evaporating and crystallizing. This salt is employed for subcutaneous injections. 
 
 MERCURIC RESORCINATE. The precipitate obtained by interaction between 
 solutions of mercuric acetate and sodium resorcinate is dissolved in excess of mercuric 
 acetate, evaporated and crystallized. This forms a dark yellow, crystalline powder, 
 insoluble in the usual solvents. For subcutaneous injections the following formula 
 may be used : 
 
 Hydrargyri Resorc.-acetici - - 5.6 Gm,; Paraffin liquid - - 5.5 Gm.; Lanolin anhyd . 
 2.0 Gm.; eich 1 Cc. contains 0.387 Gm. of mercury; the fluid should be warmed 
 before use, and not more than 0.2 Cc. employed weekly. 
 
 MERCURIC SALICYLATE, C 6 H 4 < c £ 0 >Hg. This may be prepared by 
 
 interaction between solutions of sodium salicylate and mercuric nitrate, or by warm- 
 ing together equivalent quantities of salicylic acid and freshly precipitated mercuric, 
 oxide in the presence of water on a water-bath, until the yellow mercuric oxide has 
 been entirely converted into the white salicylate. This forms a white, inodorous, 
 tasteless and amorphous powder, which is insoluble in water and alcohol, but is 
 readily dissolved bv a solution of sodium chloride or any of the halogen salts. It is 
 given in doses 0.001 to 0.008 Gm. (1-64 to % grain). 
 
 MERCURY SOZOIODOL , (C 6 H 2 T 2 (OH)S0 3 )Hg, is obtained as a precipitate, on 
 mixing concentrated aqueous solutions of sodium sozoiodol and mercuric nitrate. It 
 forms a fine, yellow powder, which is soluble in 500 parts of water, but freely taken up 
 by a solution of sodium chloride or any of the halogen salts. This salt is employed 
 chiefly in the treatment of syphilis, locally and subcutaneously. The subcutaneous 
 dose is 0.06 Gm. (1 grain). For antiseptic applications a 1 to 2# ointment, dusting 
 powder or wash may be employed. 
 
 MERCUROUS T ANN ATE is prepared by rubbing a concentrated solution of 
 mercurous nitrate with a solution of tannin until a pasty mass separates ; this is then 
 washed with water by trituration and dried at 40° C (104° F.). It forms brownish- 
 green scales, which are not soluble (without decomposition) in water or alcohol. Em- 
 ployed in syphilis in doses of 0.06 to 0.13 Gm. (1 to 2 grains). 
 
 MERCURY THYMOLATE , O 10 Hi 3 O Hg OH, is obtained by precipitating a solu- 
 tion of mercuric nitrate with sodium-thymolate. An unstable, violet-green powder. 
 
 MERCURY THYMOLACETATE, C 10 H 13 O Hg+Hg CH 3 COO, is prepared by dis- 
 solving the above mercury thymolate in a concentrated hot solution of mercuric ace- 
 tate ; on cooling, the double salt crystallizes out. I.t forms a crystalline insoluble 
 powder, containing 5 7% of mercury. Both of these salts are used internally in doses of 
 0.005 to 0.01 Gm. (1-12 to 1-6 grain); when used subcutaneously it should be suspended in 
 paraffin oil as directed under mercuric resorcinate. 
 
 MERCURY TRIBROM-PHENOL-ACETATE. A hot solution of tribrom-phe- 
 nolate of sodium is precipitated by a solution of mercuric acetate, the resulting pre- 
 cipitate is then dissolved in a hot concentrated solution of mercuric acetate, which, on 
 cooling, deposits yellow crystals of the above salt. This contains 29.3# of mercury, and 
 is employed subcutaneously in treatment of syphilis. 
 
THE NEWER REMEDIES. 
 
 41 
 
 
 META-DI-HYDROXY-BENZENE. See Resorcin. 
 
 METHACETINE. C 6 H 4 .OCH 3 .NHCH 3 CO. 
 
 Synonyms: Para-acetanisidine; Para-oxymethyl-acetanilide. 
 
 This is an analogous compound to phenacetine, being the methyl ester of para 
 phenetidine, or it may be regarded as acetanilide in which a hydrogen in the benzene 
 nucleus is substituted by an oxy-methyl group (-OCH 3 ). Methacetine forms colorless, 
 inodorous and tasteless, scaly crystals, which melt at 127° C. (260.6° F.), almost 
 insoluble in cold water, but readily soluble in hot water, also in alcohol, glycerin and 
 the fatty oils. It is recommended as an antipyretic and antineuralgic in doses of 0 032 
 to 0.5 Gin. to 8 grains); 0.5 Gm. of methacetine corresponds to 1 Gm. of phenacetine 
 as antipyretic, and 1 Gm. of the former corresponds to 2 Gm. of the latter as anti- 
 neuralgic. 
 
 pMETHOXY-ANTI PYRIN. See under Antipyrine. 
 
 METH YL-ACET AN I LI D. See Exalgine. 
 
 METHYLAL. CH a (OCH 3 ) a . 
 
 Synonym : Methyl en-dimethy 1-ether. 
 
 This fluid is obtained by the abstraction of one molecule of water from a com- 
 pound of one molecule of formaldehyde and two of methyl-alcohol ; the resulting pro- 
 duct belongs to the group of organic bodies known as •‘acetals.” It is a colorless 
 liquid, of an ethereal odor, soluble in water, alcohol and ether ; its sp. gr. is 0.855 (15°0.) 
 and boiling-point is 42° C. (107.6° F.). Methylal is recommended as a hypnotic in doses 
 of 1 to 5 Gm. (15 to 75 grains). 
 
 METHYL CHLORIDE CH,C1. 
 
 Synonyms : Chiormethyl ; Monochlormethane. 
 
 This gaseous compound is made by heating methyl alcohol and hydrochloric acid 
 under pressure at 100°C.; the gas produced is washed and dried, and then compressed 
 in copper or steel cylinders at low temperature with pressure. Methyl chloride forms 
 a colorless and inflammable gas of an ethereal odor, which, under a pressure of five 
 atmospheres or at a temperature of -25°C., is converted into a liquid. It appears in 
 commerce in the compressed liquid form, which is employed as a spray to produce 
 local anaesthesia. A minute stream of the liquid is directed upon a tampon of wool 
 and silk placed over the surface to be anaesthetized ; the rapid evaporation produced 
 absorbs the heat from the parts and leaves them bloodless and insensible. 
 
 RICHARDSON'S COMPOUND LIQUID consists of a mixture of ether and chloro- 
 form saturated with methyl chloride ; has been recommended as a substitute for 
 chloroform. 
 
 METHYLENE BICHLORIDE. See Methylene Chloride. 
 
 METHYLENE BLUE. 
 
 Synonym : Tetra-methyl-thionine chloride. 
 
 A complex derivative of diphenylamine, classed as an “aniline dye.” This salt 
 occurs in dark blue or reddish-brown crystals or crystalline powder, of a bronze-like 
 tinge, slightly soluble in water and alcohol, producing a deep blue solution. Methyl- 
 ene blue is employed internally as an analgesic in neuralgic and rheumatic affection* 
 in doses of 0.13 to 0.5 Gm. (2 to 8 grains), or subcutaneously in doses of 0.016 to 0.06 
 Gm. 04 to 1 grain). 
 
 METHYLENE CHLORIDE. CH a Cl a . 
 
 Synonyms : Dichlormethane ; Methylene bichloride. 
 
 Prepared by the reducing action of nascent hydrogen (from zinc and hydrochloric 
 acid) upon chloroform, the product being washed and rectified. This forms a color 
 less liquid, which resembles chloroform in odor and solubility ; specific gravity is 1.354 
 (15° C.); boiling point 41.6° O. (107° F.). Like pure chloroform it is readily decom- 
 posed by the action of sunlight, hence the addition of one per cent, of alcohol is re- 
 commended. Methylene chloride is recommended as an anaesthetic in place of chloro- 
 form. 
 
 METH YL-GLYOXALI DIN. See Lysidin. 
 
 METHYL-PHENACETIN. See under Phenacetine. 
 
 METHYL- PROTOCAT EC HU 1C ALDEHYDE. See Vanillin. 
 
 METHYL-VIOLET. See Pyoktanin, blue. 
 
42 
 
 THE NEWER REMEDIES. 
 
 < 
 
 MICROCIDIN. C 10 H,ONa. 
 
 This is a sodium 6-naphthol, obtained by fusing 5-naphthol with one-half of its 
 weight of sodium hydrate. As an antiseptic wash a y& aqueous solution is employed. 
 It is recommended internally as an antipyretic and antiseptic. 
 
 MIGRANIN. See under Antipyrine. 
 
 MONOCHLORAL-ANTIPYRIN E. See under Antipyrine. 
 
 MONO-CHLOR-METHANE. See Methyl Chloride. 
 
 MORPHINE SALTS. C 17 H 17 (OH) 2 .NO.A. 
 
 Among the newer salts of this base are the : 
 
 BENZ OA TE , obtained by neutralizing morphine with benzoic acid. This forms 
 white, crystalline prisms or powder, which is employed in treatment of asthma in the 
 same doses as the morphine sulphate. 
 
 BOB ATE is recommended for subcutaneous injections and eye washes, because 
 of the stability and neutral nature of the salt. 
 
 PHTALATE and TARTRATE are recommended for subcutaneous injections, 
 both being very soluble in water. 
 
 MORRHUIN. C 1S> H 27 N 2 . 
 
 A basic principle found in cod liver oil. It is a thick, oily liquid, which is soluble 
 in alcohol and ether ; 2 Mg. of the principle are presumed to represent a tablespoonful 
 of cod liver oil in activity. 
 
 MYRONIN. 
 
 The firm of Eggert & Haeckel, in Berlin, have introduced under this name a new 
 ointment base, a vehicle consisting of a mixture of soap, carnauba wax and doegling 
 oil. The latter possesses remarkable penetrating powers and does not readily become 
 rancid Myronin is prepared by heating stearic acid, in the presence of carnauba 
 wax, with sufficient dilute potassium carbonate solution until saturation has taken 
 place The mixture of the resulting stearin soap and wax is then diluted with the 
 doegling oil until an ointment-like mass results, possessing the desired degree of con- 
 sistency. This base, as prepared, contains about 12.5# of water, which may be in- 
 creased or decreased as desired. 
 
 MYRRHOLIN. 
 
 A solution of equal parts of myrrh and oil (fatty), which has been used as a vehicle 
 for creosote in laryngeal and pulmonary tuberculosis. 
 
 MYRTOL. 
 
 A mixture of dextro-pinene (Ci 0 HieL eucalyptol (C 10 H ls O) and a camphor like body 
 (C 10 H 16 O), obtained by the fractional distillation of the oil of Myrtus Communis. It 
 forms a colorless liquid, of aromatic odor, boiling between 160° to 17( ° C. (320° to 338° 
 F,) ; recommended as a disinfectant and deodorant in putrid bronchitis and other 
 diseases of the respiratory tract. Dose, 5 minims every two or three hours, taken in 
 capsules. 
 
 NAPHTHALOL. SeeBetol. 
 
 NAPHTHOL. 
 
 This is an isomer of b-Naphthol, obtained by the action of sulphuric acid on naph- 
 thalene. It is employed as an antiseptic for both internal and external administration, 
 being apparently more soluble and more efficient than b. -Naphthol, and possessing 
 about 1-3 of the latter’s poisonous properties, but is more irritant. As a wash, a solu- 
 tion of about 0.3 Gm. (4.5 grains) to 1 kilo (21-5 pounds) of water is used ; internally, the 
 dose is 0.4 to 1 Gm. (6 to 15 grains). 
 
 5-NAPHTHOL-ANTIPYRINE. See Naphthopyrin. 
 
 NAPHTHOL- A RISTOL. (Di-iod-b-naphthol). 
 
 Prepared like aristol ; a solution of sodium naphthol (b-naphthol lip and sodium 
 carbonate 4p.)is precipitated by an aqueous solution of iodine in potassium iodide (2. 4p. 
 each). It is a greenish-yellow powder, insoluble in water, slightly soluble in alcohol 
 and very soluble in chloroform. The compound is recommended as an antiseptic. 
 
 ^NAPHTHOL BENZOATE. See Benzonaphthol. 
 
THE NEWER REMEDIES. 
 
 43 
 
 
 J-NAPHTHOL CAMPHOR. 
 
 Synonym : Naphthol, camphorated. 
 
 A syrupy fluid made by fusing together naphthol 1 part and camphor 2 parts. This 
 is used as an antiseptic application to boils and in tuberculosis. 
 
 &-N APHTHOL CARBONATE. CO(OC 10 H 7 ) 2 . 
 
 A di-naphthyl ester of carbonic acid. It is prepared by the action of phosgene on 
 ^-naphthol sodium, yielding shining, colorless scales, which are insoluble in water and 
 melt at 176° C. (348.8° F.). .Recommended as a substitute for b-naphthol, as an intes- 
 tinal antiseptic, owing to its less irritating qualities. 
 
 NAPHTHOL CARBOXYLIC ACID. C 10 H 6 (OH)CO 2 H. 
 
 Synonym : z-Oxynaphthoic Acid. 
 
 This is obtained by the action of carbonic acid gas upon sodium-^-naphthol under 
 pressure. It forms a white crystalline powder or acicular crystals ; melts at 188° C. 
 (366.8° F.) ; insoluble in water, soluble in alcohol, ether, fatty oils and glycerin. Forms 
 soluble salts with the alkalies or alkali carbonates Recommended as an antiseptic 
 disinfectant and antiparasitic, in form of an ointment (5 to 10#) or antiseptic gauze (1#). 
 
 6-NAPHTHOL-DISULPHONATE OF ALUMINUM. See Alumnol. 
 
 fr-NAPHTHOL-z-MONO-SULPHONATE OF CALCIUM. See Asaprol. 
 NAPHTHOPYRIN. 
 
 Synonym : &-Naphthol-antipyrine. 
 
 Made by triturating together equal molecular quantities of ft-Naphthol and anti- 
 pyrin. forming thereby a tough mass, which gradually assumes a crystalline form ; in- 
 soluble in water and soluble in alcohol. 
 
 NAPHTHOPYRINE. See under Antipyrine. 
 
 NAPHTHOSALOL. SeeBetol. 
 
 NARCEINE HYDROCHLORATE. C 23 H 29 N0».HC1+3H 2 0. 
 
 Narceine is found in opium to the extent of 0.1 to 0.4#. The hydrochlorate forms 
 colorless, crystalline needles, which are soluble in water and alcohol. It is employed 
 as a hypnotic in doses of 0.01 to u.06 Gm. (V6 to 1 grain). 
 
 NARCOTIN. C 22 H 23 N0 7 . 
 
 This alkaloid, which is found in opium, occurs in colorless crystals, which melt at 
 176° C. (348.8° F.) ; insoluble in water and alkalies, but readily soluble in alcohol and 
 ether. It is used as a hypnotic in doses of 0.25 to 1 Gm. (3.8 to 15 grains). 
 
 NASROL. See Sodium Sulfocaffeate. 
 
 NEURINE. N(CII 3 ) (C 2 H 3 )OH. 
 
 Synonym : Tri-methyl- vinyl-ammonium-hydroxide. 
 
 This base, containing the unsaturated radicle “■vinyl,” C 2 H 3 , is found along with 
 neuridine (C 5 H 14 N 2 ) among the products of the decomposition of flesh. Obtained syn 
 thetically by reaction between aethylene bromide and alcoholic trimethylamine at60° g. 
 (140° F.) under pressure. It forms a very poisonous, strongly alkaline fluid, which is 
 very soluble in water, but is decomposed on boiling. A 3# solution is employed as a 
 local application for diphtheritic membranes. 
 
 NEURODINE. C,H 4 (OCO.CH 3 ) NH.COOC 2 H 5 . 
 
 Synonym : A cetyl-p-ethoxy -phenyl-urethane. 
 
 A substance introduced by Merck as an antipyretic and antineuralgic. By the 
 . action of chloro-carbonic ether (00(01) (00 2 H 5 ) ). an araido-pbenol (C 6 H 4 (OH)NH 2 ), 
 para-oxy phenyl-urethane, is formed, which on being acetylated is converted into neu- 
 rodine. This forms colorless, inodorous crystals, melting at 87° C. (188.6° F.), soluble in 
 1400p. of cold water. 
 
 l)ose as antineuralgic is ltol.5Gm. (15 to 23 grains), as antipyretic 0.5 Gm. (7*^ 
 grains). 
 
 NITRO-SALOL See under Salol. 
 
 NUTRIN. 
 
 A dietetic food, which, according to its manufacturers, represents “tlio pure 
 nutritious substance of meat. 
 
44 
 
 THE NEWER REMEDIES. 
 
 I 
 
 ODONTODOL. 
 
 Said to be a mixture of Cocaine Hydrochlorate (1), Oil of Cherry Laurel (1), Tincture 
 Arnica (10), and Solution of Ammonium Acetate (20). Used as a dental anodyne. 
 
 OLEO-CREOSOTE. See under Guaiacol. 
 
 ORCHIDIN. 
 
 Prof. Poehl’s Testicular Fluid. Recommended as a nervine. 
 
 OREXIN. C 6 H 4 NCH.CH 2 NC 6 H 5 . 
 
 Synonym : Phenyl-dihydro-chin-azoline. 
 
 This, a complex chinoline derivative, is obtained by the action of sodium form- 
 anilid on o-nitrobenzyl chloride, the resulting o-nitrobenzylformanilid is reduced to 
 the corresponding amido derivative by means of nascent hydrogen; the hydrochlorat*' 
 of this base on heating gives up one molecule of water, yielding the hydrochlorate of 
 orexin, from which the base orexin may be obtained by treatment with an alkali. 
 
 This occurs as a white, amorphous, tasteless powder, which is almost insoluble in 
 water. Employed as a stomachic, stimulating the appetite, also as an antiemetic 
 given in doses of 0.13 to 0.4 Gm (2 to 6 grains) either in wafers or capsules, followed 
 by draughts of beef tea or cocoa to prevent any local irritation. 
 
 OREXIN HYDROCHLORIDE. C 6 H 4 .NCH CH 2 NC 6 H 5 .HC1+2H 2 0. 
 
 Forms colorless, odorless crystals, of bitter pungent taste, melting at 80° C. (176 °F), 
 soluble in 15 parts of cold water. The properties and dose are same as those of Orexin. 
 
 ORTHIN. C 6 H 3 .OH.COOH.NH NH 2 . 
 
 Synonym : Ortho-hydrazine-para-oxybenzoate. 
 
 Orthin is a derivative of phenvl-hydrazine (C 6 H 5 -NH-NH 2 ) in which one hydrogen 
 atom of the benzene nucleus is replaced by a hydroxyl- group and another by the car- 
 boxyl group. The hydrochlorate , in which form it usually appears, forms coloriess 
 soluble crystals, and is recommended as an antipyretic. Experiments have shown it to 
 be too dangerous for general use. 
 
 ORTHO-AM I DO-SALICYLIC ACID. C 6 H 3 (NH 2 ) (OH) COOH. 
 
 Obtained through reduction of ortho-nitrosalicylic acid. It forms a gray-white 
 amorphous, inodorous powder, of a faint sweet taste. Insoluble in water, alcohol 
 and ether. 
 
 It is employed in treatment of chronic rheumatism, in doses of 0.25 to 0.5 Gm. 
 (3 to 7 grains). 
 
 ORTHO-HYDRAZINE-PARA-OXY-BENZOATE. See Orthin. 
 
 ORTHO-OXY-BENZOIC ACID. 
 
 Synonym ; Salicylic Acid. 
 
 ORTHO-PHENOL-SULPHONIC ACID. SeeAseptol. 
 
 ORTHO-PHENOLSULPHURIC ACID. SeeAseptol. 
 
 ORTHO-SULPH AM IN E-BENZOIC-ANHYDRIDE. See Saccharin. 
 
 ORTHO-SULPHO-CARBOLIC ACID. SeeAseptol. 
 
 ORTHO-TOLYL-ACETAMIDE. See Aceto-ortho-toluid. 
 
 OSMIC ACID. Os 0 4 . 
 
 Obtained by heating osmium in fine powder in a current of oxygen or moist 
 chlorine; or by evaporating a solution of osmium in nitromuriatic acid to dryness. 
 Occurs in colorless or yellowish-green, lustrous needles, of a penetrating chlorine-like 
 odor, melting at 40° C. (104° F.); stains the skin and linen black Externally in a 1 per 
 cent, solution (fresh) osmic acid acts as a caustic for cancerous and scrofulous sores; 
 subcutaneously (1% solution) it has been employed in neuralgia, epilepsy, sarcoma, 
 cancer, etc. Dose internally 0.001 Gm. (1-64 grain) in pill form, freshly prepared. 
 
 OUABAIN. 
 
 A glucosidal principle obtained from the wood of Acocanthera ouabaio , also the 
 seed of Strophanthus glabrus. Inodorous white crystals, slightly soluble in cold, freely 
 in hot water and dilute alcohol, melting at 200° C. (392° F.). Employed in doses of 
 0.000065 Gm. (1-1000 grain) repeated at frequent intervals, for the relief of whooping- 
 cough. 
 
 :r-OXYN APHTHOIC ACID. C 10 H 6 (OH).COOH. 
 
 Synonym : cc-Naphthol-carboxylic acid. 
 
 Obtained by the action of carbonic acid on rc-Naphthol sodium under pressure at 
 140* C. ; the resulting sodium salt is a yellowish powder or colorless needles, of melting- 
 
THE NEWER REMEDIES. 
 
 45 
 
 point 186° C. (366.8° F.). Very slightly soluble in cold water, but very soluble in alcohol. 
 The acid is quite soluble in an aqueous solution of borax. Its properties are those of 
 an antiseptic and antizymotic. 
 
 Applied as an ointment (10#) in treatment of scabies. 
 
 OXY-SPARTEINE. C 15 H 24 N 2 0. 
 
 This is an oxidation product of sparteine (q. v.), and occurs in colorless, hygro- 
 scopic crystals, melting at 81° C. (181.1° F.) and soluble in the usual solvents. It is em- 
 ployed subcutaneously as a heart stimulant ; it, however, lowers the pulse at the same 
 time. Dose is 0.04 Gm. (3-5 grain) gradually increasing to 0.1 Gm. (1.5 grains). 
 
 The hydrochlorate melts between 48° and 50° G. (118.4° to 122° F.). This alkaloid is 
 incompatible (therapeutically) with opiates. 
 
 OZALIN. 
 
 A disinfectant, said to consist of a mixture of Calcium, Magnesium and Iron Sul- 
 phates, with Caustic Soda and Magnesia. 
 
 PAPAIN. 
 
 Synonyms : Papayotin ; Plant Pepsin. 
 
 The concentrated active principle of the juice of the unripe fruit of Carica papaya. 
 The juice is concentrated in vacuo, and the ferment is precipitated by the addition of 
 alcohol. Papain forms an amorphous, white, hygroscopic powder, soluble in water and 
 glycerin only. Employed as a digestive ferment ; like animal ferments (pepsin) it digests 
 albuminous substances, possessing the advantage of being active in either acid, alkaline 
 or neutral solutions. Dose 0 12 to 0.3 Gm. (2 to 5 grains) after meals. Applied as a 5 
 per cent, solution (in equal parts of glycerine and water) it is used to dissolve the 
 false membranes of croup and diphtheria. 
 
 PAPAYOTIN. See Papain, 
 
 PARA-ACET-AM I DO-PH EN ETOU See Phenacetine. 
 
 PARA-ACET-ANISIDINE. See Methacetine. 
 
 p a R A-AC ET-P H EN ET I D I N . See Phenacetin. 
 
 PARA-yETHOXY-PHENYL-URETHANE. See Thermodin. 
 
 PARA-ALLYL-PHENYL-METHYL ETHER. See Anethol. 
 
 PARA-BROM-ACET AN I LID. See Antisepsine. 
 
 PARA-CHLOR-PHENOL. 
 
 A crystalline substitution product of phenol. When fused it congeals at 33° C. ; it 
 is soluble in alcohol, ether and fatty oils, almost insoluble in water. Karpow recom- 
 mends this as a powerful antiseptic and disinfectant, only exceeded in intensity by 
 silver nitrate and mercuric chloride. It has been successfully employed in treatment 
 of erysipelas in* a 2 to 3# vaseline ointment. 
 
 PARACOTOIN. C 9 H 12 0 8 . 
 
 A principle which occurs, along with several others, in the Para Goto bark. It 
 forms a pale-yellow, tasteless crystalline powder, melting at 152° C. (305.6° F ). almost 
 insoluble in water but readily soluble in alcohol. Employed in intestinal catarrh and as 
 an anti-diarrhoeic, the dose being 0.1 to 0.2 Gm. (1.5 to 3 grains) for children. 
 
 PARA-CRESOL. See under Cresol. 
 
 PARAFORM. 
 
 A polymeric formaldehyde, obtained by heating an a<fueous solution of formalde- 
 hyde, whereby some is volatilized and a polymeric form (paraform) remains behind. 
 It forms a white crystalline pow % der which is insoluble in water. Recommended as an 
 intestinal antiseptic. 
 
 PARA-MONO-CHLOR-PHENOL. See under Chlorphenol. 
 
 PARA-OXY-ETHYL-ACETAN ILIDE. See Phenacetine. 
 
 PAR A-OXY-M ETHYL-ACETANILIDE. See Methacetine. 
 
 PARA-TOLYL-DIMETHYL-PYRAZOLON. See Tolypyrin. 
 
 PASTE, PEPTON. See Pepton-Paste. 
 
 PASTE, SERUM. See Serum Paste. 
 
 PASTE, SULPHURIC ACID. See Sulphuric Acid Paste. 
 
46 
 
 THE NEWER REMEDIES. 
 
 I 
 
 PELAGIN. 
 
 A proprietary remedy for sea sickness, said to be a solution of antipyrine, caffeine 
 and cocaine. 
 
 PELLETIERIN E, (Punicine). C 8 H 15 NO. 
 
 One of several alkaloids obtained from the root-bark of the Punica granatum. It is 
 a colorless liquid, soluble in 20 parts of water, readily in all proportions in alcohol and 
 ether. With acids it unites to form crystalline salts, among which the tannate is most 
 frequently employed . 
 
 PELLET1ERINE TANNATE. 
 
 A yellowish, tasteless, amorphous powder, insoluble in water, soluble in 80p. of 
 alcohol, and readily in diluted acids. Prompt and innocuous taenicide in doses of 1.5 
 Gm. (23 grains) followed by a purgative. 
 
 PENTAL. (CH 3 ) 2 C.CH.CH 3 . 
 
 Synonyms : Trimethyl-ethylene ; b-Isoamylene. 
 
 This hydrocarbon is prepared by distilling fusel-oil with zinc chloride, and then 
 treating the distillate (amylene) with concentrated sulphuric acid. Pental is a color- 
 less liquid of sp. err. 0.6783 (0° C.), b ailing at 38° C. (100.4° P ), insoluble in water, miscible 
 with alcohol (9h0, ether and chloroform in all proportions. Employed as anaesthetic 
 in dental surgery. 
 
 PEPSIN, PLANT. See Papain. 
 
 PEPTON-PASTE. 
 
 Recommended as a substitute for collodion in securing gauzes or bandages to the 
 skin, free from any irritating or contractile properties. The dried varnish-like cuticle 
 may be removed by washing with water. 
 
 PERCIRIN. 
 
 An alkaloid obtained from the bark of Geissospermum leave, by exhausting with 
 boiling alcohol, evaporating to an extract and treating the residue with soda and 
 ether. Forms a white, amorphous powder, slightly soluble in water, readily soluble 
 in alcohol and ether. With acids it yields crystallizable soluble salts; among those 
 usually employed are the hydrochloride and valerianate. Percirin is recommended as a 
 tonic and antifebrile. 0.5 to 2 Gm. (8 to 30 grains), being administered about four 
 hours before the expected attack. 
 
 PHEDURETIN. 
 
 A phenol derivative, composition not given; tasteless white crystals, insoluble in 
 water. Doses of 0.5 to 1 Gm. a powerful diuretic. 
 
 PHENACETINE. C 6 H 4 .OC 2 H 6 .NHCOCH 3 . 
 
 Synonyms : Para-Acet-Phenetidine ; Para-Acet-Amido-Phenetol ; Para- 
 Oxyethyl-Acetanilide. 
 
 /This compound, which chemically is closely connected with acetanilide and 
 methacetine, is prepared as follows : 
 
 Sodium Para-Nitrophenol, (which is prepared by the action of nitric acid on phenol 
 and subsequent treatment of the product (para) with sodium hydrate), is ethylated by 
 heating with ethyl bromide under pressure ; this product (p-nitrophenetol) is reduced 
 by nascent hydrogen to p-amidophenetol, which by prolonged boiling with glacial 
 acetic acid yields phenacetine. This forms colorless, tasteless, inodorous, scaly crystals, 
 melting at 135 J C. (275° F.), soluble in 1,500 parts of cold, and 80 parts of boiling water 
 and in about 16 parts of alcohol. Employed as an antipyretic and antineuralgic in 
 doses of 0.5 to 1 Gm. (8 to 15 grains). 
 
 IODOPHENINE , CjtfEI^TsNaOj, is a derivative of phenacetine, obtained by the 
 combination of two molecules of the latter with three molecules of iodine. Phenac- 
 etine is dissolved in glacial acetic acid, then diluted with water and hydrochloric 
 acid ; to this is added an aqueous solution of iodine in potassium iodide until no 
 further precipitation occurs. If the operation is carried on in a hot solution, iodo- 
 phenine is obtained in brown needle-like crystals, which have an odor resembling that 
 of iodine, melting at 130° to 131° C. (266 to 267.8° F.), soluble in alcohol.and when mixed 
 or heated with water iodine is liberated. This compound contains iodine (51$) in a 
 very loose state of combination ; hence it is not adapted for internal use because of its 
 irritating properties. 
 
 METHYL-PHENACETINE , C 6 H 4 (OC 2 H 6 )N(CH 3 )CH 3 CO, is prepared by the 
 action of methyl iodide on phenacetine-sodium. the latter resulting from the action of 
 metallic sodium on a solution of phenacetine in boiling xylol. This salt forms colorless 
 crystals, melting at 40° <\ (104° F.), only slightly soluble in water, but readily so in 
 alcohol. Employed as a hypnotic. 
 
THE NEWER REMEDIES. 
 
 47 
 
 ETHYL-PHEN A CETINE, C 6 H 4 (OC 2 H 5 )N(C 2 Il 5 )CH 3 CO, a homologue of the 
 above methyl-compound, is prepared in like manner by the action of ethyl iodide 
 on penacetine-sodium. This forms a yellow colored oil. boiling at 330° to 335°C. (626° 
 635° F.). almost insoluble in water, readily so in alcohol and ether. Possesses hypnotic 
 properties, but to a lesser degree than the above methyl derivative. 
 
 FORHYL-PHENETIDINE , or PARA-OXYETHYL-FORMANILID, C 6 H 4 
 (OC 2 H 5 )NH.COH, is prepared by heating a mixture of hydrochlorate of p-pheneti- 
 dine, anhydrous sodium formate and formic acid, the reaction product being erys 
 tallized from water. Colorless, inodorous, tasteless crystals, melting at 6u°C. (F0° F.). 
 slightly soluble in cold water, readily in hot water, alcohol and ether. Recommended 
 as an antiseptic. 
 
 LACTOPHENINE, or LACTYL-PHENETIDINE, is produced by the action of 
 lactic acid on phenetidine in presence of dehydrating agents. It forms a crystalline 
 powder of bitter taste, more soluble than phenacetine, employed as an antipyretic 
 and sedative in doses of 0.5 to 1 Gm. (8 to 15 grains). 
 
 SEDATIN'* or VALERYL-PHENETIDINE, is obtained by the action of valeric 
 acid on p-amido-phenetol. Recommended as an antipyretic and antineuralgic. The 
 selection of the term “sedatin” is unfortunate, since this was formerly applied as a 
 synonym for antipyrine. 
 
 PHENATOL. 
 
 Said to be a mixture of acetanilid, caffeine, sodium bicarbonate, carbonate, sul- 
 phate and chloride. 
 
 Recommended as an antipyretic and anodyne. 
 
 PHENAZONE. See Antipyrine. 
 
 &-PHENETIDYL-CROTONIC-ETHYL-ESTER. 
 
 This compound is formed by mixing molecular quantities of para-phenetidin (C 6 H 4 
 OC 2 H 5 NH 2 ) and aceto-acetic ester. (CH 3 .C0.CH 2 .C0 2 C 2 H 5 ) ; the mixture becomes 
 turbid and quite warm, with the separation of water. Oy recrystallization from alco- 
 hol, the substance forms glossy white, needle-like crystals, which melt at 53° C. (127.4° 
 F.), insoluble in water, readily soluble in alcohol and ether. Nothing is known con 
 cerning the medicinal properties of this substance, as it is still in the experimental 
 stage. 
 
 PHENOCOLL HYDROCHLORIDE. C e H, < ^O.CH 2 NH,HCl. 
 
 Synonyms: Amido-Acet-Para-Phenetidine-Hydrochloride ; Glycocoll-Para- 
 Phenetidine Hydrochloride. 
 
 The base phenocoll is prepared by interaction between amido-acetic-acid ester and 
 phenetidine [C 6 H 4 (OC 2 H 5 )(NH 2 )] or by the action of chloracetylchloride on pheneti- 
 dine, and subsequent treatment of the resulting mono-chlor-acet-para-phenetidine 
 with ammonia. This base unites with acids forming salts. Phenocoll hydrochloride 
 forms colorless needles or a crystalline powder, soluble in 16 parts of water, but the 
 base phenocoll is precipitated upon the addition of alkalies. Because of its greater 
 solubility and freedom from the unpleasant after effects which sometimes accompany 
 phenacetin, it has become quite popular. Employed as an antipyretic, antirheumatic 
 and antineuralgic, in doses of 0.3 to 1 Gm. (5 to 15 grains). Has been recommended as 
 a specific in malarial complaints, also as an antiseptic in treatment of wounds, sores, 
 etc., either in form of powder, 5 per cent, solutions, 10 to 20 per cent., gauze, or oint- 
 ment (10 to 20 %). 
 
 PHENOCOLL CARBONATE . [C 6 H 4 (0C 2 H 5 )NH.C0-CH 3 NH 2 ] 2 C0 2 , is a colorless, 
 almost tasteless, crystalline powder, which is quite insoluble in water. When heated 
 to 65° C. carbonic acid is given off. Employed like the above, but particularly adapted 
 as an antiseptic powder. 
 
 PHENOCOLL ACETATE forms bulky, crystalline needles which are soluble in 
 3 parts of water. This salt is adapted for subcutaneous injections. 
 
 SALOCOLL , ox PHENOCOLL SALICYLATE , is a crystalline salt which is less 
 soluble than the hydrochloride, combining the medicinal effects of phenocoll with 
 those of salicylic acid. Employed as an antipyretic and antirheumatic in doses of 1 to 
 2 Gm. (15 to 30 grains). 
 
 PHENOL. (Carbolic Acid.) 
 
 PHENOL CAMPHOR. 
 
 Synonym : Camphor, Phenylated. 
 
 Crystallized carbolic acid is liquefied by heat, and in this is dissolved an equal 
 quantity of camphor ; another formula directs three times the quantity of camphor : 
 still another directs 4 parts of camphor, 12 parts of carbolic . cid, and 1 part of water. 
 
/ 
 
 48 THE NEWER REMEDIES. 
 
 This phenylated camphor is an oily, colorless liquid, which is insoluble in water, very 
 soluble in alcohol, ether, chloroform, fatty and volatile oils. It is employed as at anti- 
 septic, germicide and local anaesthetic (particularly in toothache). 
 
 PHENOL-CHLORINE AND BROMINE DERIVATIVES. 
 
 Para-chlor-phenol, crystalline ; odor of phenol ; slightly soluble in water. Ortho- 
 brom-phenol is a violet colored liquid. Both employed in the treatment of erysipelas ; 
 1 to 2% in ointment. 
 
 P H E N O L I N . See under Cresol. 
 
 PH ENOL-SOD I O-SU LPHORICINATE. 
 
 A yellowish fluid, miscible with water, consisting of a mixture of 20 parts of car- 
 bolic acid and 80 parts of sodium sulphoricinate. Employed in angina diphtheritica, 
 for dissolving the false membrane ; applying to the parts with a hair-pencil. 
 
 PHENOPYRINE. See under Antipyrine. 
 
 PHENOSALYL. See under Cresol. 
 
 &-PHEN YL-ACRYLIC ACID. See Cinnamic Acid. 
 
 PHENYL-BORIC ACID. C 6 H 5 -B(OH) 2 . 
 
 Prepared by the action of phosphorus oxychloride on a mixture of boric acid and 
 phenol in molecular proportions. It occurs as a white powder, difficultly soluble in 
 cold water. It is employed as an antiseptic, for dressing wounds and ulcers. A one 
 per cent, solution is sufficient to prevent putrefaction. 
 
 PHENYL-DIH YD RO-CH IN AZOLINE. See Orexin. 
 
 PHENYL-HYDRAZINE-L/EVULINIC ACID. See Antithermin. 
 ^-PHENYL-PROPIONIC ACID. 
 
 Synonym: Hydrocinnamic acid. 
 
 Obtained by the reduction of cinnamic acid by means of mercury amalgam. It 
 occurs in colorless crystals, slightly soluble in col ;, but very soluble in hot water and 
 alcohol. Melting-point is 47.5°~o\ (117.5° F.). 
 
 Hydrocinnamic acid is employed in the treatment of phthisis ; the dose being 10 
 drops of the alcoholic solution (1 to 5). 
 
 PHENYL-SALICYLIC ACID. C 6 H 3 (OH) (C 6 H 5 ) COOH. 
 
 Synonym : Ortho-oxydiphenyl-carboxylic acid. 
 
 This occurs as a white powder, only slightly soluble in water, more soluble in 
 alcohol and glycerin. Phenyl-salicylic acid is employed as an antiseptic dusting 
 powder. 
 
 PHENYL-SALICYLATE. See Salol. 
 
 PHENYL-URETHANE. See Euphorin. 
 
 PHILOPAIDIA. 
 
 A proprietary diphtheria remedy. 
 
 PHOENIXIN. CC1 4 . 
 
 Another name for Carbon-Tetrachloride, a non-inflammable liquid solvent. 
 
 PHOSPHERRIN. 
 
 A mixture of ferric chloride, phosphoric acid and glycerin . 
 
 PHOTOXYLIN. 
 
 This is a nitrocellulose prepared by the action of nitric acid on wood-wool. When 
 dissolve 1 in a mixture of ether and alcohol (equal parts) a preparation very similar to 
 collodion is obtained. A 3 to solution of photoxylin forms a thick liquid, which 
 leaves on evaporation a much stronger film than collodion. 
 
 PICROL. C 6 HI 2 (0H) 2 S0 3 K. 
 
 Synonym: Di-iodo-resorcin-monosulphona te of potassium. 
 
 Obtained by the action of a solution of hydriodic and iodic acids on resorcin- 
 monosulphonate of potassium. It forms a colorless, inodorous, very bitter, crys- 
 talline powder, which is soluble in water, glycerin, ether and collodion. Contains 52 
 per cent, of iodine, and is offered as a substitute for iodoform, its antiseptic powers 
 being equivalent to those of corrosive sublimate. 
 
4$ 
 
 THE NEWER REMEDIES. 
 
 PICtfOPODOPHYLLIN. 
 
 A crystalline principle obtained from the rhizome of th e> Podophyllum peltatum. 
 It is claimed to be the active principle of podophyllotoxin. 
 
 PIPERAZIDINE. See Piperazine. 
 
 PIPERAZINE. NH-(CH 2 ) 4 -NH. 
 
 Synonyms : Diethylene-diamine ; JEthylen-imine ; Piperazidme ; Disper- 
 mine (Spermine). 
 
 By the interaction between agthylene bromide aud aniline in the presence of a 
 solution of potassium hydrate, di-phenyi-piperazine is formed ; this is converted into 
 piperazine by subsequent treatment with nitric or sulphuric acid and distillation of 
 the resulting product with alkalies. Piperazine forms white, deliquescent scales, 
 which melt at 104° to 107° O. (219.2° to 224.6° F.), boils at 145° O. (293° F.) and is very 
 soluble in water. Because of its property of uniting with uric acid and forming a 
 soluble compound, it is employed as a remedy in treatment of urge mia, rheum itism 
 and gout. Dose 1 Gm. (15 grains) dissolved in about 1 pint of carbonated water. 
 Sometimes given together with phenocoll, when about 1 Gm. of each is dissolved in a 
 pint of carbonated water, and the two solutions mixed. 
 
 PIPERINE. C 17 H 18 N0 3 . 
 
 An alkaloid which occurs in the fruits of Piper nigrum , Schinus Mollis , etc. 
 Obtained synthetically by heating solutions of piperidin and piperic acid in 
 benzol. Forms colorless, almost tasteless, monoclinic prisms, which melt at 123° to 
 129° C. (262.4° to 264.2° F.), slightly soluble in water and soluble in 3) parts of cold 
 alcohol. Piperine which is contaminated with resin possesses a more or less pungent 
 taste. Employed as antiperiodic and antipyretic in doses of 0.06 to 0.64 Gm. (1 to 10 
 grains). 
 
 PIPERONAL (OR HELIOTROPIN.) C 8 H 6 0 3 . 
 
 Piperine is converted into potassium piperate by boiling with its equal weight of 
 potassium hydrate and 5 parts of alcohol in a flask with inverted condenser ; on cool 
 ing, the crystalline mass that separates is washed with alcohol an l crystallized from 
 boiling water. One part of potassium piperate is dissolved in 50 parts of hot water, 
 adding slowly in portions an aqueous solution of 2 parts of potassium permanganate, 
 shaking constantly; a soft mass separates, which is strained off au t washed with 
 Water until free from heliotrope odor. The mixed liquids are distilled, collecting the 
 first distillate separately, because of the presence of the greater portion of the piper- 
 onal, which crystallizes out on exposure to cold, while from the latter and weaker 
 distillate it is removed by agitating with ether. Piperonal forms small white crystals 
 soluble in alcohol and ether, insoluble in cold water. Employed as an antiseptic and 
 antipyretic in doses of 0 5 to 1 Gm. (8 to 15 grains). Because of its heliotrope odor it is 
 employed largely in perfumery. 
 
 PI XO L. See under Cresol. 
 
 PODOPHYLLOTOXIN. 
 
 An amorphous principle obtained from podophyllin (resin) by extraction with 
 chloroform and precipitation with ether. Forms a white amorphous powder soluble 
 in hot water, dilute alcohol, chloroform and ether. Podophyllotoxin is the active con- 
 stituent of the mandrake root and its resin (podophyllin), the latter containing 20 to 3 i 
 per cent, of podophyllotoxin. This principle is very active and should be employed 
 with caution ; dose 0.001 to 0.01 Gm. (1-64 to 1-6 grain). 
 
 POLYSOLVE. See Sodium Sulpho-ricinate. 
 
 POTASSIUM SALTS 
 
 Only the most important of the newer preparations are enumerated. 
 
 AURO- CYANIDE. KAuCn 4 . Forms colorless, very soluble crystals, which are 
 employed subcutaneously. 
 
 C AN Til ARID ATE. C 1 oH 1 4K 2 0 6 4-2EI 2 0. Obtained by neutralizing cantharidin 
 with potassium hydrat« and evaporating to dryness. It forms a white, very soluble 
 crystalline mass, recommended by Liebreich in form of subcutaneous injections in 
 treatment of tuberculosis (v. Cantharidin) 
 
 COB ALTO-NITRITE, K 6 C0 2 (N0 2 ) 12 -f2lI 2 0. Minute yellow crystals which are 
 slightly soluble in water, insoluble in alcohol. Employed in dyspepsia, cardiac albumin- 
 uria, etc. Dose is 0.032 Gm. 04 grain). 
 
 IJITHIO CARBONATE. K 2 C03 2 , is prepared by interaction between boiling solu- 
 tions of carbon disulphide and potassium hydrate. It forms a reddish, deliquescent 
 salt, soluble in alcohol and water. Employed in skin diseases as 5 per cent, ointment 
 or solution. 
 
50 
 
 THE NEWER REMEDIES. 
 
 OSMA TE forms a red. soluble, crystalline powder. It is used in combination with 
 bromides in treatment of epilepsy, subcutaneously for neuralgia and goitre. Dose, 
 0.001 Gm. (1-64 grain). 
 
 SOZOIODOL. C 6 H 2 T 2 (0H)S0 3 K+2H 2 0. Forms colorless prisms, which are soluble 
 in 84 parts of water and 200 parts o f alcohol. Employed in skin diseases, either as a 
 dusting-powder (3$) diluted with talcum, or in ointments (3#). 
 
 TELLTJR ATE. K 2 Te0 4 . A white crystalline salt, soluble in water. Employed 
 in phthisis for arresting night sweats. 
 
 POWDER^ SERUM. See Serum Powder. 
 
 PROPYLAMINE. CH 3 -CH 2 -CH 2 -NH 2 . 
 
 This base should not be confused with trimethylamine (OH 3 ) 3 N. Propylamine 
 occurs in colorless crystals of strong ammoniacal odor, melting at 50° O . Recom- 
 mended in doses of 2 to 4 Gm. per day in treatment of chorea. Best administered 
 with a syrup of peppermint as corrigent. 
 
 P U N I C I N E. See Pelletierine. 
 
 PYOKTANIN (blue). C 24 H 28 N 3 C1 and C 25 H 30 N 3 C1. 
 
 Synonyms : Pyoktaninum cseruleum ; Methyl-violet. 
 
 The methyl violet of commerce (a dye stuff; is a mixture of the hydrochlorides of 
 penta and hexa-methyl-para-rosaniline, which forms a very soluble,' blue, crystalline 
 powaer. Employed as an antiseptic in surgery in the same dilutions as given under 
 yellow pyoktanin (q. v.) It has been employed with success in the treatment of diph- 
 theria, in which the membranes have been painted with a warm saturated solution. 
 
 PYOKTANIN (yellow). C 17 H 24 N 3 0C1. 
 
 Synonyms: Pyoktaninum aureum; Auramine; Imido-tetramethyl-di-p 
 amido-diphenyl-m ethane. 
 
 Yellow pyoktanin, or auramine, is a yellow dye obtained by the interaction 
 between tetramethyl diamido-benzophenone, ammonium chloride and zinc chloride at 
 150° C. It forms a bright yellow powder which is almost insoluble in cold, but very 
 soluble in hot water, also soluble in alcohol. Auramine is employed as an antiseptic 
 for ophthalmic purposes, and in surgery in aqueous solutions (1 to 4 : 10,000), as an 
 antiseptic dusting-powder (I to 2%) and ointment (2 to 10$) 
 
 PYRETINE. 
 
 Found by Walter to consist of a mixture of acetanilid 58.7 parts, caffeine 6.74 
 parts, sodium bicarbonate 19.5 parts, and calcium carbonate 1*.5 parts. Another 
 analyst finds potassium bromide present. Recommended as an antipyretic. 
 
 PYRIDINE. C 5 H 5 N. 
 
 A liquid base which is formed by the dry distillation of nitrogenated organic sub- 
 stances. being found in Dippel’s animal oil and coal tar oil. Pure pyridine is a color- 
 less liquid, of peculiar empyreumatic odor, pungent taste, boiling at il7° C. (242.6° F ), 
 miscible with water, with acids forms salts, being the basis of several natural alkaloids. 
 Pyridine is employed in asthma, from 3 to 5 Oc. being poured on a plate and placed in 
 the room with the patient. Internally, in doses of 3 drops, it acts as a cardiac 
 stimulant. 
 
 PYRODINE. See Hydracetine. 
 
 PYROGALLOPYRINE. See under Antipyrine. 
 
 PYROZONE. 
 
 A name given to represent absolute anhydrous H 2 0 2 , the active part of that 
 which was formerly called Peroxide of Hydrogen ; hence the 3% portion of Aqua 
 Hydrogenii Dioxidi, U. S. P. 
 
 The Greek word “pyr” and the word “ozone” were combined to describe the 
 action resulting from the contact of well diffused animal organic matter, like 
 silk or came.s 1 hair with the thick syrupy fluid of pure H 2 0 2 . After such articles are 
 moistened with this active princip'e and then slightly warmed on a steam bath, they 
 ignite and burn furiously, as substances do in oxygen, presumably producing both fire 
 and ozone ; therefore true H 2 0 2 was called Pyrozone. 
 
 PYROZONE 3% SOLUTION is an aqueous solution of H 2 0 2 of correct pharmaco- 
 poeial strength. The manufacturers claim that it is more stable than ordinary products 
 of the U. S. P. process, that it is free from barium and other earthy salts and contains 
 only 1-20 of 1$ of acidity. 
 
 PYROZONE 5$ SOLUTION ETHEREAL , is a surgical antiseptic and cleansing 
 bleacher for tooth cavities prior to filling. For external use only. 
 
THE NEWER REMEDIES. 
 
 51 
 
 PYROZONE 25# SOLUTION ETHEREAL , is employed in surgery. dermatology 
 and dentistry as an antiseptic and caustic in a new sense of that term ; it destroys 
 pathological cells and apparently does not destroy physiological cells, aud has been 
 found by dentists to be a prompt bleacher for teeth discolored with organic matter. 
 For external use only. 
 
 QUEBRACHIN. C 21 H 26 N 2 0,. 
 
 One of six alkaloids found in the bark of Aspidosperma quebracho. Occurs in pale 
 yellow needles, insoluble in water and but slightly soluble in alcohol and ether. With 
 acids it forms crystalline soluble salts, the hydrochloride being most frequently em- 
 ployed. *TJsed internally and subcutaneously in dyspnoea ; dose 0.05 to 0.1 Gm. (3-5 to 
 1\6 grains). 
 
 QUININE ARSEN ITE. O 20 H 24 N 2 O 2 .H 3 AsO 3 -f2H 2 O. 
 
 Obtained by dissolving 34 parts of freshly precipitated quinine in a hot aqueous 
 solution of 10 parts of arsenous acid, evaporating at 20° O. (68° F.) and crystallizing. 
 This is a white crystalline powder, containing 69 per cent, of quinine (theoretically), 
 slightly soluble in cold and very soluble in hot water. Employed as antiperiodic in 
 doses 0.005 to 0.0 i Gm, (1-12 to \6 grain). 
 
 QUININE DI-HYDROCHLORIDE CARBAMATE. (C 20 H 24 N 2 O 2 ).HCl+CO(NH 2 ) 2 HCl. 
 
 Synonyms: Chininum amidato-bichloratum ; Chininum bimuriaticum car- 
 bamidatum. 
 
 This double salt is obtained by dissolving molecular quantities of quinine hydro- 
 chloride and urea chloride (C0(NH 2 ) 2 .HC1) in boiling water and crystallizing. Forms 
 colorless, soluble, crystals, containing 70 per cent, of quinine. Especially adapted for 
 subcutaneous injections. 
 
 QUININE FERRI-CHLORIDE. 
 
 This forms dark-brown scales or reddish-brown, hygroscopic powder soluble in 
 water and alcohol. Recommended as haemostatic for external and internal use ; ex- 
 ternally dusted over the bleeding surface ; used in a 2% solution in uterine haemorrhage. 
 
 QUININE HYDRO-CHLOR-SULPHATE. (C 20 H 24 N 2 O 2 ) 2 H01.H 2 SO 4 +3H 2 O. 
 
 Quinine hydrochloride and bisulphate are dissolved, in molecular proportions, in 
 warm water, evaporated and crystallized. Colorless crystals, soluble in 1 part of 
 water; recommended for subcutaneous injection. 
 
 QUININE SALICYLATE. C 20 H 24 N 2 O 2 .C 7 H 6 O 3 -fH 2 O. 
 
 An alcoholic solution of freshly precipitated quinine is saturated with au alcoholic 
 solution of salicylic acid and crystallized, or 10 parts of quinine sulphate and 3*4 parts 
 of sodium salicylate are added to 120 parts of water and heated to boiling ; on cooling 
 the quinine salicylate crystallizes out. Forms fine, white needles, soluble in 225 parts 
 of water. Employed as an antipyretic in typhus ; also used in rheumatism and gout 
 in doses of 0.1 to 0.5 Gm. (1J4 to 8 grains) . 
 
 QUININE TANNATE. 
 
 Obtained by precipitating an aqueous solution of a quinine salt with tannic acid. 
 Forms a yellowish-white amorphous powder, of only a slightly bitter and astringent 
 taste, containing 3) to of quinine, and only very slightly soluble in water. Em- 
 ployed in diarrhoea, whooping-cough, etc., in doses of 0 2 tr 0 5Gm. (3 to 8 grains,. 
 
 fr-RESALGIN (RESORCYLALGIN). 
 
 This is obtained by the action of potassium resorcylate on antipyrin, the former 
 being obtained by heating resorcin 1 part and potassium bicarbonate 5 parts, together 
 with lh parts of water. Resalgin forms C'-ystalline needles, which melt at 115° C. 
 (219° F.). soluble in 150 parts of cold and 20 parts of boiling water, and readily soluble 
 in alcohol, ether and chloroform Nothing definite is known concerning its medicinal 
 properties and dose. 
 
 R ESO L. See under Cresol . 
 
 RESOPYRIN. C n H 12 N 2 0+C«H 4 (0H) 2 (?). 
 
 A solution of 11 parts of resorcin in 33 parts of water is mixed with a solution of 
 30 part< of antipyrine in 9 ) parts of water, thejresulting precipitate (resopyrin) is 
 collected and recrystallized from alcohol. Forms colorless crystals, insoluble in water 
 and soluble in alcohol. The medicinal properties of this body have not beeu deter- 
 mined. 
 
 RESORBIN. 
 
 This is proposed as an ointment base, being prepared by emulsifying almond oil 
 and water with yellow wax, gelatine and soap ; it is said to possess great penetrating 
 power, but is open to the objection that ointments prepared with it do not keep. 
 
52 
 
 THE NEWER REMEDIES. 
 
 
 RESORCIN. C,LI 4 (OH) 3 . 
 
 Synonyms ; ftesorcinol ; Meta-dihydroxy-benzene. 
 
 This is obtained on fusing many resins (umbelliferous), also m-phenol-sulphonic 
 acid, also m-benzene-disulphonic acid, with potash ; the fused mass is acidified with 
 hydrochloric acid and the resorcin extracted with ether. For description see U.S. P. 
 Internally it is employed in gastritis, gastric ulcers, affections of the larynx generally ; 
 dose, 0 2 to 0.5 Gm. (3 to 8 grains). Externally in diphtheria as a resorcin glycerole 
 ( 10 %) for topical application, as an ointment (5 to 25$) in various skin diseases. 
 
 RESORCINOL. 
 
 This term resorcinol ” has been applied by chemists to resorcin, incompliance 
 with the rules of modern chemical nomenclature. Unfortunately, the same title has 
 been given to an amorphous, brown powder which is prepared by triturating together 
 equal parts of resorcin and iodoform. It is recommended as an application to gangren - 
 ous sores, ulcers, chancres, etc. ; diluted with starch it is used as a dusting powder (5 %) ; 
 also as ointment of 5 to \o% strength. 
 
 RETINOL. (CODOL.) 
 
 Obtained as a product of the destructive distillation of resiu (colophony). Retinol 
 forms a yellowish, fluorescent, oily liquid of sp. gr. 0.900, boiling between 240° to 280° C. 
 (464° to 53b° F.). Employed as a solvent for various organic bodies as iodol, aristol, 
 camphor, cocaine, codeine, phenol, phosphorus, creosote, etc. 
 
 RHEIN. See Chrysophanic Acid. 
 
 RHODALLIN. See Thiosinamine. 
 
 RUBIDIUM IODIDE. Rb I. 
 
 Forms colorless cubical crystals which are readily soluble in water. Employed in 
 the same instances where the potassium or sodium iodide is indicated, possessing the 
 advantage of not causing gastric and other disturbances which usually accompany the 
 administration of these salts in large quantities. Dose, 0.13 Gm. (2 grains). 
 
 RUMICIN. See Chrysophanic Acid. 
 
 SACCHARIN. C,H, < >nh. 
 
 Synonyms : Benzoyl-sulphonic-imide ; Orthosulpha mine-benzoic-anhy- 
 
 dride ; Gluside ; Glucusimide. 
 
 Saccharin is an intensely sweet principle prepared from toluene (C 6 H 5 CH3) by first 
 converting this into the mixture of mono-sulphonic acids, which, by the action of 
 phosphorus pentachloride, are converted into the corresponding toluene-sulphonic 
 chlorides. By the action of ammonia the ortho compound is converted into sulpha- 
 min benzoic acid, which by oxidation yields the above imide (Saccharin). The pure 
 ortho compound forms a white crystalline powder, which possesses 500 times the 
 sweetening power of cane sugar ; it is soluble in about 400 parts of water (15° C.), 
 more so in alcohol and glycerin (1:30), readily soluble in water in presence of alkalies 
 (NaHC0 3 ). Mixed with water and neutralized with sodium bicarbonate, it forms the 
 soluble sodium salt. “ soluble gluside” or "soluble saccharin.” The chief use of sac- 
 charin is as a sweetening agent in the food of diabetic patients. A syrup of saccharin 
 may be prepared by dissolving saccharin 10 Gm.. sodium bicarbonate 12 Gm., in 1,000 
 Cc. of water. Syrup of saccharin may be employed in many mixtures where cane- 
 sugar syrup is inadmissable. 
 
 ^ 0H 
 
 SALACETOL. CH< 
 
 COOCH 2 COCH 3 . 
 
 Synonym: Salicyl-Acetol. 
 
 A CDmpound differing from salol in the replacement of the phenyl group (C 6 H 5 ) by 
 the acetone radical (CH2-CO-CH3); introduced as a substitute for salol in order tc 
 avoid the elimination of phenol in the organism. It is prepared by interaction 
 between monochlor acetone and sodium salicylate. Forms fine needle-like crystals or 
 scales, melting at 71° C. (159.8° F.). insoluble in cold water, slightly soluble in cold 
 alcohol, freely soluble in hot alcohol, ether and chloroform. By action of alkalies it 
 yields up its salicylic acid (about 71$). Salacetol is employed in all instances where 
 salol is indicated, in doses of 2 to 3 Gm. (30 to 45 grains) . 
 
 SALACTOL. 
 
 A preparation consisting of the sodium salts of salicylic and lactic acids has been 
 introduced under this name, and wiien dissolved in a 1% solution of hydrogen peroxide 
 it is recommended as an efficient remedy for diphtheria. The solution is applied to the 
 throat with a brush every four hours, and in the intervals the solution is used as a 
 gargle. It is also stated to act as a prophylactic. 
 
THE NEWER REMEDIES. 
 
 53 
 
 SALICVL-ACETOL. See Salacetol. 
 
 SALICYL-PHEN ETIDINE. See Malakiu. 
 
 SALIC YL-y?-PH EN ET I Dl N E. See Saliphen. 
 
 SALICYLIC ALCOHOL. See Saligenin. 
 
 SALIGENIN. (Salicylic alcohol.) C 6 H 4 (OH)CH 2 OH. 
 
 An oxy-benzoyl-alcohol. obtained by the action of acids or ferments (emulsin, 
 saliva, etc.) on salicio, a glucoside. This same reaction takes place in the human 
 organism when salicin is ta&en internally, yielding, however, only 43 per cent, of sali- 
 genin. A dose of 12 Gm. (3 drachms) of salicin corresponds to about 4.2 Gm. (60 1-3 
 grains) of saligenin. It will be seen that saligenin, which constitutes the activity, is 
 an excellent substitute for salicin in the treatment of malaria, rheumatism, typhus, 
 etc. Saligenin crystallizes in colorless scales or needles, melting at 86° C. (186.8° F.), 
 of a slightly bitter taste, soluble in alcohol and water. It is now prepared synthetic- 
 ally through the condensation of Dhenol with formaldehyde. 
 
 SALINAPHTHOL. See Betol. 
 
 SALIPHEN. C 6 H 4 < 
 
 . OC 2 H 5 
 
 NH.C 6 H 4 (OH)CO. 
 
 Synonyms : Salicyl-p-phenetidine. 
 
 Obtained by the action of salicylic acid on phenetidine in the presence of phos- 
 phorus trichloride. Forms colorless crystals, melting at 139.5° C. (283° F.), insoluble in 
 water, but soluble in alcohol. Its slight antifebrile action has not brought it into any 
 favor. 
 
 SALIPYRINE. See under Antipyrine. 
 
 / °H 
 
 SALICYLAMIDE. C,H, < 
 
 CONH,. 
 
 This compound differs from salicylic acid in the replacement of the hydroxyl of the 
 carboxyl group by the amido radicle (NH 2 ). Obtained by the action of concentrated 
 ammonia on salicylic-methyl-ester (oil of wintergreeQ), yielding colorless, inodorous 
 and tasteless crystals, melting at 138° C. (280.4° F.), soluble in 250 parts of water, 
 readily so in alcohol and ether. Salicylamide possesses the same therapeutical prop- 
 erties as salicylic acid, having the advantage of being tasteless, more soluble and 
 acting more readily in smaller doses. Dose, 0.13 to 0.3 Gm. (2 to 5 grains). 
 
 SALICYL-ANILID. See Salifebrin. 
 
 SALICYL-SULPH URIC ACID. See Sulpho-Salicylic Acid. 
 SALICYLIC NAPHTHYLIC ETHER. See Betol. 
 
 SALICYLIDEN PHENETIDINE. See Malakin. 
 
 SALIFEBRIN, OR SALICYLANILID. 
 
 A preparation of salicylic acid and acetanilid, in which both constituents are 
 probably fused together and powdered. Forms a white powder, soluble in alcohol, 
 insoluble in water. Recommended as an antineuralgic and antipyretic. 
 
 No authoritative dose has been given. 
 
 SALOCOLL. See under Phenocoll. 
 
 / °H 
 
 SALOL. C»H,< 
 
 COO C„H 6 . 
 
 Synonym : Phenyl Salicylate. 
 
 This phenyl ester of salicylic acid is obtained by the action of sodium salicylate on 
 sodium phenylate in the presence of phosphorus oxychloride or phosgene. The 
 reaction product is thoroughly washed with water and crystallized from alcohol. For 
 description see U S. P. Saloi, when taken, passes unabsorbed through the stomach 
 into the intestines, where, under the influence of alkaline secretions, it is split up into 
 salicylic acid and phenol; to this dissociation its value as an intestinal disinfectant in 
 ca^e of dysentery, cholera, etc., is due. In view of this peculiarity, salol is employed 
 for coating pills* which are intended to act only in the. intestines. As an antirheu- 
 matic its dose is 1 to 2 Gm. (15 to 30 grains), in diarrhoea and intestinal troubles of 
 children 0.13 to 0.19 Gm. (2 to 3 grains); as an antiseptic and deodorant externally in 
 the form of dusting-powder (1:3), being diluted with starch or talcum, ointment or 
 collodion (4: to ether 4 and collodion 30). 
 
 * Coblentz’ Handbook of Pharmacy, p. 329. 
 
54 
 
 THE NEWER REMEDIES. 
 
 I 
 
 SALOL CAMPHOR is made by mixing 3 parts of salol with 2 parts of camphor, 
 both in fine powder, fusing and filtering the product. It forms a colorless, oily liquid, 
 insoluble in water, soluble in ether, chloroform and the oils; by the action of light 
 and air it undergoes decomposition. Employed locally as an antiseptic. 
 
 DI-IODO-SALOL , C 6 H 2 T ? (OH)CO ? C 6 H 5 . the phenyl ester of di-iodo-salicylic acid, 
 is obtained by the condensation of di-iodo-salicylic acid with phenol. Forms an ino- 
 dorous, tasteless, crystalline powder, melting at 133° C. (271.4° F.) ; employed in treat- 
 ment of skin diseases 
 
 NITRO-SALOL . C 6 H 4 (0H)C0 2 .C 6 H 4 N0 3 , salicylic-p-nitro phenyl-ester, is obtained 
 by condensation of salicylic acid with p-nitrophenol. Forms a yellowish, inodorous 
 and tasteless crystalline powder, melting at 148° C. (298.4° F.), insoluble in water, and 
 soluble in alcohol and ether. In the intestines it is split up into its constituents. Em- 
 ployed in the manufacture of salophen. 
 
 SALOPHEN. C 6 H 4 (0H)C0 3 .C«H 4 NH.C0CH 3 . 
 
 Synonyms : Acetyl-p-amido-phenyl salicylate ; Acet-p-amido-salol. 
 
 This body was introduced as a substitute for salol in order to avoid effects result- 
 ing from the liberation of phenol in the organism, salophen being split up in the intes- 
 tines into salicylic acid and acetyl p-amidophenol. Obtained by the reduction and 
 acetification of salicylic-p-nitro-phenol (nitro salol), C 6 H 4 (0H)C0 2 .C 6 H 4 N0 2 . yielding 
 colorless crystals melting at 187° to 188° 0. (368.6° to 370.4° F.), insoluble in water, 
 soluble in alcohol and ether, the alcoholic solution being colored violet by ferric 
 chloride. Employed as an antineuralgic and antirheumatic in doses of 1 to 2 Qm. (15 
 to 30 grains). 
 
 SALUBRINE. 
 
 A composition hailing from Sweden, and containing, according to Hager, 2 per 
 cent of anhydrous acetic acid. 25 per cent, of acetic ether, 50 per cent, of alcohol, and 
 the balance of distilled water. It is antiseptic, astringent and haemostatic, and is 
 used, diluted with water, as a gargle, and on compresses. 
 
 SALUMIN (insoluble). (C«H 4 (0H)C00) 6 A1 2 +3H 2 0. 
 
 Synonym : Aluminum salicylate. 
 
 Obtained as an insoluble precipitate by interaction between solutions of a salt of 
 aluminum and sodium salicylate. Forms a reddish-white, insoluble powder, which is 
 employed as a dusting-powder in catarrhal affections of the nose and pharynx. 
 
 SALUMIN (soluble). (C 6 H 4 (0NH 4 )C00) 6 A1 2 +2H 2 0. 
 
 Synonym : Aluminum-ammonium salicylate. 
 
 On treating “salumin” with ammonia '‘soluble salumin” is obtained. 
 
 Employed for same purposes as Salumin. 
 
 SAN ATOL. See under Cresol. 
 
 SANGUINAL. 
 
 Prepared by defibrinating fresh blood and evaporating to a pilular extract, in 
 which condition it is made up into pills, each of which is said to represent 5 Cc of 
 fresh blood. The composition of the extract is said to be 46 parts of peptonized 
 muscle albumin, 44 parts of blood salts and 10 parts of oxyhaemoglobin. 
 
 SANTONINOXIM, C 15 H I8 0 2 .N0H. 
 
 Santonin 5p.. hydroxylamine hydrochlorate 4p., calcium carbonate 4p., and alcohol 
 50p.. are boiled from 6 to 7 hours in a flask with reflux condenser,* filtering and 
 pouring into 5 times its volume of water, whereby santoninoxim separates. Forms 
 white crystals, insoluble in cold water, soluble in alcohol, ether, fats and fatty oils, 
 melts at 216° to 217° C. (420.8° to 422.6° F ). Because of its comparatively non-toxic 
 nature it is preferred to santonin as an anthelmintic; dose for children from 2 to 3 
 years 0.06 Gm. (1 grain), from 4 to 6 years 0.09 Gm. (I y% grains), from 6 to 9 years 0.13 
 Gm (2 grains) in two doses about one hour apart, followed by a purgative. 
 
 SAPOCARBOL. See under Cresol. 
 
 SAPROL. See under Cresol. 
 
 SCO PO LA MINE. See Hyoscine. 
 
 SEDATIN. See under Phenetidine, 
 
 * Coblentz’ Handbook of Pharmacy, p. 94. 
 
THE NEWER REMEDIES. 
 
 55 
 
 SERUM PASTE. 
 
 The freshly prepared serum from ox-blood is thoroughly mixed with 25 per cent, of 
 zinc oxide and sterilized at 70° C. in a thermostat. When painted over denuded or 
 diseased surfaces, it dries readily, leaving a film which may be readily removed by 
 washing with water. 
 
 SERUM POWDER. 
 
 A mixture of freshly prepared serum and zinc oxide ( 25 % ) is spread on glass plates 
 and dried, then finely powdered and sterilized at 100° C. Recommended as an anti- 
 septic dusting- powder to be employed alone or mixed with iodoform. 
 
 SODIUM SALTS. 
 
 Only the most important of the new salts are enumerated. 
 
 ETHYLATE, CH 3 .CH 2 ONa, is formed by the action of metallic sodium upon 
 absolute alcohol. It forms a white powder, of caustic taste, soluble in alcohol and 
 water. Employed in treatment of skin diseases, as psoriasis, lupus, etc., painting the 
 parts with a 10 per cent, aqueous solution. 
 
 ANISATE. C 6 H 4 (OCH 3 )COONa. Anisic acid is obtained by oxidizing anethol 
 (main constituent of anise oil) with a mixture of sulphuric acid and potassium bichro- 
 mate; the sodium salt is made by neutralizing an aqueous solution of this acid with 
 sodium carbonate, evaporating and crystallizing. Sodium anisate forms a soluble 
 crystalline powder, which is recommended as a substitute for sodium salicylate, being 
 an antirheumatic and antipyretic. 
 
 AURO-CHLORIDE , AuCl 3 .NaCl+2H 3 0. A double salt of gold and sodium 
 chloride, forming a golden-yellow hygroscopic powder, readily soluble in water and 
 partly in alcohol. Employed in syphilitic diseases, the dose being 0.016 to 0.06 Gm. 04 
 to 1 grain). 
 
 CHLOR OB ORATE is obtained by reaction between boron terchloride and sodium 
 hydrate. It forms a soluble white crystalline powder, possessing powerful antiseptic 
 properties. 
 
 DI-IODO-SALICYLATE , [C e H a (OH)r2.+COONa]2+5H a O. Diiodosalicylic acid is 
 obtained by the action of iodine and iodic acid on salicylic acid in alcoholic solution; 
 the sodium salt of this acid is obtained by neutralization with sodium carbonate. This 
 salt forms white crystalline scales, which are soluble in 50 parts of water. Employed 
 as an analgesic, antipyretic and antiseptic in doses of 0 5 to 1 Gm. (8 to 15 grains). 
 
 DI- THIO-SA LIC YL A TE. I. and II. See Di-thio-salicylic Acid. 
 
 NAPHTHOLA TE. See Microcidin. 
 
 PARA-CRESOTA TE. This is a fine, white, crystalline powder, of a bitter taste, 
 soluble in 24 parts of water. It is employed as an antiseptic and antirheumatic, the 
 daily total dose being 2 to 6 Gm. (30 to 90 grains). 
 
 PHENOL-SULPHO-RICIN ATE. is a solution of 4 oarts of sodium ricinate (q. v.) 
 in 1 part of carbolic acid A caustic fluid recommended in treatment of diphtheria. 
 
 SOZOIDOL. See under Sozoiodol. 
 
 SILI CO-FLIJORIBE. (NaF^i F 4 . A white crystalline powder, which is only 
 very slightly soluble in water. Employed in aqueous solution (2 : 1,000) as an antisept i 
 
 wash. c 
 
 ICH THY OL-SULPIIONA TE. See under Ichthyol. 
 
 SULPHO-RICINATE , (Solvin, Polysolve). By the action of concentrated sul- 
 phuric acid on the triglycerides of the fatty acids, or the fatty acids themselves, sulpho- 
 ricinic acid is formed; this on neutralization with sodium hydrate gives the above 
 named salt. This is a brownish, syrupy liquid, which is soluble in alcohol and water. 
 Employed as a solvent for iodine, iodoform, etc. 
 
 SULPIIOSAL1CYLATE. C#H 3 (OH) Salicyl sul phonic acid is ob- 
 
 tained by the action of sulphuric acid on salicylic acid ; this product is then only 
 partly neutralized with sodium carbonate, resulting in the saturation of the sul phonic- 
 acid group only. This salt forms a white crystalline powder, of a slightly acid and 
 astringent taste, soluble in 25 p of water and insoluble in alcohol and ether. Pro- 
 posed as a substitute for sodium salicylate. 
 
 THIOPHENE- SULPHON ATE. C 4 H 3 S-S0 3 Na, is obtained by neutralizing thio" 
 phene-sulphonic acid with sodium carbonate. It is a white crystalline powder, of un- 
 pleasant odor, soluble in water, and contains 33^ of sulphur. Employed in prurigo, as 
 a 5 to \0% ointment. 
 
56 
 
 THE NEWER REMEDIES. 
 
 
 SULPHO TTJMENOLA TE. See Tumenol. 
 
 SULPHO- THIOPHENE. See Thiophene Sulphonate. 
 
 TELL UP A TE. See Potassium Tellurate. 
 
 SODIUM SULFOCAFFEATE. 
 
 Since the introduction of the sulpho. group decreases the medicinal potency in 
 phenol groups, the same was tried here with success. Bitter, crystalline, slightly 
 soluble in cold water; non-toxic, does not irritate the stomach. Solutions containing 
 more than b% are not stable. Besides aboye soda, lithium and strontium salts are 
 prepared. A powerful diuretic. Bose, 1 Gm. in capsule. 
 
 SODIUM-TUMENOL-SULPHONATE. See Tumenol. 
 
 SOLANIN. C 42 H 87 N0 16 . 
 
 A principle which occurs in the berries, flowering tops and fruits of various solana- 
 ceous plants. Obtained from the aqueous acidulated extract of potato- sprouts by 
 making alkaline with ammonia and shaking with ether. Solanin occurs in colorless 
 acicular crystals, melting at 235° C. (455° F.), bitter taste, insoluble in water, and but 
 slightly in alcohol. 
 
 Recommended in doses of 0.01 to 0.06 Gm. (1-6 to 1 grain) as an analgesic in neural- 
 gia, also in bronchitis and asthma. 
 
 SOLPHINOL. 
 
 A mixture of borax, boric acid and alkali sulphites. Used as an antiseptic. 
 
 SOLUTOL- See under Cresol. 
 
 SO LV EO L. See under Cresol. 
 
 SO LVi N . See Sodium Sulpho-ricinate. 
 
 SOMATOSE. 
 
 A preparation in which the albumenoids and nutritive constituents of flesh are 
 converted into soluble albumoses, 5 parts of somatose representing 30 parts of beef in 
 nutritive value. Forms a pale yellowish powder which is readily soluble in water, 
 forming an almost odorless and tasteless solution. 
 
 Employed as a food for patients afflicted with weak digestion, being given 15 to 
 30 Gm. (or 34 to 1 ounce) in milk, cocoa or soup. 
 
 SOZAL. (CeH 4 (OH)SOa) 8 Al. 
 
 Synonym : Aluminum-para-phenol-sulphonate. 
 
 Obtained by dissolving aluminum hydroxide in para-phenol-sulphonic acid. Forms 
 a crystalline powder, soluble in water, glycerine and aloohol, possesses an astringent 
 taste and a phenol-like odor. Its aqueous solution is colored violet by ferric chloride, 
 and precipitates albumen, soluble in excess of the latter. 
 
 Employed in solution (1%) as a wash for tubercular ulcers and purulent affections. 
 
 SOZOIODOLIC ACID. C 6 H 2 T 2 (0II)S0 3 H. 
 
 Synonyms : Sozoiodol ; Di-iodo-para-phenol-sulphonic Acid. 
 
 This is obtained by the interaction between a solution of potassium para-phenol- 
 sulphonate in dilute hydrochloric acid and a solution of potassium iodide and io late 
 (5KI+KI0 3 ) in molecular proportions The acid potassium salt which crystallizes out 
 is treated with the necessary amount of sulphuric acid, whereby sozoio iol is liberated. 
 
 Sozoiodol crystallizes from water in acicular prisms with 3 molecules of water, 
 readily soluble in water, alcohol and glycerin. 
 
 Solutions of this compound give a violet-blue coloration with ferric salts. Sozo- 
 iodol is employed as an antiseptic, being usually used in ^ or 3 per cent, solutions. It 
 is also employed as a dusting-powder, containing 5 to 10 and 20% di'uted with powdered 
 French chalk or starch. 
 
 POTASSIUM AND SODIUM SOZOIODOL. C 6 H 2 I 2 (0H)S0 3 K (or Na)-f2H 2 0, are 
 obtained by saturating the sozoiodoliclacid with either potassium or sodium carbonate 
 and crystallizing. Of these the potassium salt is soluble in 50. and the sodium salt in 
 14 parts of water. The aqueous solutions of these compounds gradually darken on 
 exposure to light. These compounds are employed in like manner to sozoiodolic 
 acid. 
 
 ZTNC SOZOIODOL. (C 6 H 2 T 2 (0H)S0 3 ) 2 Zn+6H 2 0, forms colorless crystals, soluble 
 in 20 parts of water; employed in medicine as the above. 
 
 MERCURY SOZOIODOL , C«H 2 I 2 (0H)S0 3 ) 2 Hg, forms a lemon yellow powder, 
 obtained by interaction between concentrated aqueous solutions of sozoiodol sodium 
 and mercuric nitrate. This compound is soluble in 500 parts of water, readily soluble 
 
THE NEWER REMEDIES. 
 
 57 
 
 in a solution of sodium chloride. It is employed chiefly in the specific treatment of 
 syphilis locally and subcutaneously The 2.5 per cent, solution, or \% ointment or 
 dusting powder, is the usual strength of dispensing. 
 
 SOZOLIC ACID. See Aseptol. 
 
 SPARTEINE. C 15 H 26 N 2 . 
 
 An alkaloid which occurs with scoparine in the tops of Spartium scoparium It 
 forms a volatile oily liquid which boils at 288° C. (550.4° F.), unites with acids, forming 
 stable crystalline salts. 
 
 SULPHATE. ((C 15 H 26 N 2 ) 2 H 2 S0 4 +4H 2 0). Colorless, odorless, slightly hygroscopic 
 crystals, soluble in water and alcohol. 
 
 Employed as a heart-tonic, like digitalis, in doses of 0.01 to 0.02 Gm. (1-6 to 1-3 grain). 
 SPERMIN. (CH 2 ) 2 NH. 
 
 A base belonging to the class of leucomaines. obtained from the seminal fluid of 
 animals. A readily soluble, crystalline substance, which is usually obtained in the 
 form of the hydrochlorate A 2 per ceut. solution is employed subcutaneously in 
 quantities of 14 to 1 Cc. (8 to 16 minims) once daily in treatment of nervous diseases 
 complicated with anasmia. 
 
 STERESOL. 
 
 A brown, thick liquid, obtained by dissolving shellac 270 parts, gum benzoin 10 
 parts, balsam tolu 10 parts, phenol 100 parts, oil of cinnamon 6 parts, and saccharin 6 
 parts in alcohol sufficient to make 1,000 parts. Recommended as an antiseptic varnish 
 for tubercular sores and various skin diseases. 
 
 STROPH ANTH I N. C 2 oH 3 40 10 or C 31 H 48 0 12 (?). 
 
 The active principle (a glucoside) of the seeds of the species of Strophanthus. 
 Forms a white crystalline powder, melting at 185° C. (365° F.), soluble in 40 parts of 
 water (18° C.), readily in alcohol. Strophanthin is employed as a substitute for digitalis, 
 being free from all disturbing effects upon the respiratory centres and producing less 
 gastric disturbance. Dose. 0.0002 to n.0003 Gm. (1-300-1-200 grain). Very powerful; 
 should be used with great caution. Antidotes, aconite and veratrum viride. Com- 
 mercial strophanthin is quite variable in strength, hence uncertain in effect. 
 
 STYRACOL. See under Guaiacol. 
 
 SULPHAMINOL. C.H, <|h> c « h 3° h - 
 
 Synonym : Thio-oxy-diphenylamine. 
 
 Obtained by boiling meta-oxy-diphenylamine with sulphur and caustic soda solu- 
 tion, and precipitating with a solution of ammonium chloride Sulphaminol forms an 
 inodorous, pale yellow powder, melting at 155° C. (311° F.). insoluble in water, soluble 
 in alkali solutions, alcohol and glacial acetic acid. Employed as a substitue for iodo- 
 form, used as a deodorizing antiseptic for both internal and external use; it readily 
 breaks up, yielding phenol and sulphur. Internally employed in cystitis, dose being 
 0 25 Gm. (about 4 grains). 
 
 SULPHONAL. (CH 3 ) 2 C(S0 2 C 2 H 3 ) 2 . 
 
 Synonym : Di-ethyl-sulphon-dimethy 1-methane. 
 
 Through a mixture of anhydrous ethyl-mercaptan (C 2 H 5 SH) and acetone (CH S - 
 CO-UH 3 ). dry hydrochloric acid gas is passed, resulting in the condensation product 
 mercaptal (di-thio-ethyl-di-methyl-methaneh which on oxidation yields sulphonal. 
 Forms colorless permanent crystals, melting at 125° to 126° C. (257° to 2)8.8° F.), 
 soluble in 500 parts of cold and 15 parts of boiling water, in 65 parts of cold and 2 parts 
 of boiling alcohol. 
 
 Employed as a valuable hypnotic in doses of 1 to 2 Gm. (15 to 30 grains). 
 
 SULPHO-SALICYLIC ACID. C 6 H 3 (S0 3 H)(0H)C00H. 
 
 Synonym: Salicyl-Sulphuric Acid. 
 
 This is prepared by the action of fuming sulphuric acid on salicylic acid; it forms 
 white crystals, which are soluble in water and alcohol. Employed as a substitute for 
 sodium salicylate in treatment of articular rheumatism. This compound is a valuable 
 reagent for proteids, albumins and peptones. An albumose or peptone is precipitated, 
 but redissolves on boiling the solution, while albumin or globulin does not. 
 
 SULPHO-TUMENOLIC ACID. See Tumenol. 
 
 SULPHURIC ACID PASTE. 
 
 A caustic application composed of a mixture of equal parts of sulphuric acid and 
 powdered saffron, the latter being employed because of the finely subdivided condi- 
 tion of the carbon yielded 
 
58 
 
 THE NEWER REMEDIES. 
 
 
 TANNAL (Insoluble). Al 2 (OH) 4 (C 14 H 9 O 9 ) 2 +10H 2 O. 
 
 Synonym : Aluminum basic tannate. 
 
 Formed by precipitating a solution of an aluminum salt with a solution of tannic 
 acid in presence of an alkali. Tannal is a brownish-yellow, insoluble powder, em- 
 ployed as an astringent in catarrh of the respiratory organs. 
 
 TANNAL (Soluble). Al 2 (C 4 H 6 0 6 ) 2 (C 14 H 9 0 9 ) 2 -h6H 2 0. 
 
 Synonym : Aluminum tannic-tartrate. 
 
 Obtained by treating insoluble tannal with tartaric acid, yielding a brownish 
 yellow soluble powder, which is employed for the same purpose as the above. 
 
 TANNIGEN. 
 
 Synonym : Diacetyl Tannin . 
 
 An acetic ester of tannic acid, prepared by the action of acetic anhydride on 
 tannin dissolved in glacial acetic acid. Forms a yellowish-gray, odorless and taste- 
 less. hygroscopic powder, insoluble in water, only slightly soluble in ether, very soluble 
 in alcohol. Its solutions are colored blue black by ferric chloride and decomposed by 
 alkalies. Tannigen is recommended in treatment of chronic diarrhoea, acting as an 
 intestinal astringent, since owing to its insolubility it passes through the stomach into 
 the intestines, where in presence of the alkaline secretions it is broken up into its con- 
 stituents. 
 
 TARTARLITHINE. 
 
 This is an effervescent salt, the lithium analogue of cream of tartar, containing 
 none of the additional alkaline salts common to the granular effervescent preparations. 
 It is recommended as a uric acid solvent, in place of the other salts of lithium, for 
 gout, rheumatism and all the manifestations of uric-acidaemia, and is presented in 
 tablet form. 
 
 Dose : One or two of the 5 grain tablets, dissolved in a goblet of water, may be 
 taken on a reasonably empty stomach, four times a day. Tartarlithine is intended to 
 increase the alkaliaity of the blood, by giving vegetable acid up to a point where it will 
 contribute an alkalinity more effective than alkalies as such, for the elimination of 
 uric acid. 
 
 TARTARLITHINE AND SULPHUR is prepared with equal parts of Tartar- 
 lithine and precipitated Sulphur, compressed into 5 grain tablets. Indicated in the treat- 
 ment of chronic sore throat, chronic bronchitis accompanied with copious secretions; 
 in digestive difficulties due to disordered action of the liver, which ultimately lead to 
 lithaemia and structural lesions, in addition to many benefits as a pulmonary or intes- 
 tinal disinfectant. ' This combination of sulphur, probably after absorption, favors the 
 Idle producing function of the liver, since taurocholic acid normally contains a large 
 proportion of sulphur. It is prescribed in diseases of the nails, the scalp, and generally 
 in superficial skin diseases. 
 
 Dose : Same as Tartarlithine. 
 
 TEREBENE. C 10 H 16 (?). 
 
 This is produced by the action of concentrated sulphuric acid upon oil of turpen- 
 tine and repeated distillation for purification. It consists of a mixture of eamphene, 
 cymene, borneol and terpUene. For description see U. S. P. Terebene is an agree- 
 able antiseptic, disinfectant and deodorizer, a 5 per cent, aqueous solution forming a 
 very serviceable surgical dressing, while its vapor is inhaled in treatment of bronchial 
 affections and pulmonary tuberculosis. Internally, in doses of 5 to t> drops in emul- 
 sion or tablet form, it acts as an expectorant. 
 
 TERPIN HYDRATE. C 10 H 18 (OH) 2 +H 2 O. 
 
 A mixture of rectified turpentine oil (4 pts.), alcohol (3 pts.) and nitric acid (1 pt.) 
 is set aside in a shallow porcelain dish for several days ; crystals of terpin hydrate 
 separate, and these are recrystallized from 95# alcohol. For description see U.S.P. 
 p. 404. 
 
 Employed as expectorant in bronchitis and chronic nephritis, in doses of 0.2 to 0. 4 
 Gm. (3 to ti grains). 
 
 TERPINOL, 
 
 By the distillation of terpin hydrate with dilute sulphuric acid, terpinol is obtained ; 
 this consists of a mixture of terpineol (C 10 H 17 OH) an alcohol, and three terpenes (C 1() 
 H 16 ), cerpinene, terpineolene and dipentene. Terpinol is an oily liquid, of hyacinthine 
 odor, boiling at lt38° C., sp. gr. 0.852, inso'.uble in water and soluble in alcohol and 
 
 Employed as a bronchial stimulant in oses of 0.5 to 1 Gm. (8 to 15 grains). Ter- 
 pinol is sometimes used to mask ttio odor of iodoform. 
 
THE NEWER REMEDIES. 
 
 59 
 
 TERROLIN E. 
 
 A name for a special brand of petroleum jelly. 
 
 TERTIARY AMYL ALCOHOL. See Amylenum Hydratum. 
 
 TETRA-ETHYL-AMMONIUM HYDROXIDE. (C 2 H 5 ) 4 N.OH. 
 
 This forms a hygroscopic, crystalline salt, bitter taste, and very soluble in water. 
 Recommended as a uric acid solvent, being administered in doses of 10 to 15 minims of 
 a 10 per cent, solution. 
 
 TETRA-H YDRO-BETA-NAPHTH YLAMINE. See Thermin. 
 
 T ET R A- H Y D R O- P A R A-C H I N A N I SO L. See Thalline. 
 
 TETRA-IO DO-PYRROL. See Iodol. 
 
 TETRA-THIO-DICHLOR-SALICYLIC ACID. (S 2 =C 6 H(Cl)(OH)COOH) 2 . 
 
 This is obtained by heating salicylic acid (27.6 p.) with sulphuryl chloride (55. p.). 
 It forms a reddish-yellow powder, which is soluble in aqueous solutions of the alkalies. 
 It is employed chiefly as an antiseptic dusting powder. 
 
 TETRONAL. (C 2 H 5 ) 2 .C.(S0 2 C 2 H 5 ) 2 . 
 
 Synonym : Di-ethyl-sulphon-di-ethyl -methane. 
 
 An analogue of sulphonal and trional, differing in the possession of four ethyl 
 groups, while the former contains two and the latter three. The method of prepara- 
 tion is the same as that of sjlphonal, only that di-ethyl-ketone 0 ’2115-00-02115) is em- 
 ployed in place of acetone. This compound forms colorless, crystalline scales, melting 
 at 89° (1 (192.2° F.), soluble in 450 parts of cold water, readily in alcohol and ether. 
 
 Tetronal is employed as a hypnotic in doses of 1 to 2 Gm. (15 to 30 grains). 
 
 THALLINE. C 9 H 10 N(OCH 3 ). 
 
 Synonym : Tetra-hydro-para-chinanisol. 
 
 This liqiud base, a chinolin derivative, is obtained by heating a mixture of para- 
 amido-anisol, para-nitro-anisol, glycerin and sulphuric acid at 150° C. ; from the reaction 
 product after being rendered alkaline, para-chinanisol is distil.ed off, this on treatment 
 with reducing-agents takes up four hydrogen atoms, forming the base thalline. This 
 forms an oily liquid of strongly basic properties, uniting with acids, forming salts. 
 
 THALLINE SULPHATE forms a white, crystalline pow ler, soluble in 7 parts of 
 cold water, 100 parts of alcohol and insoluble in ether. Oxidizing agents, as the halo- 
 gens, argentic and mercuric nitrate, ferric chloride, etc., produce a bright green color 
 Internally thalline sulphate is an antipyretic in doses of 0.129 to 0.5 Gm. (2 to 8 grains); 
 externally as an antiseptic injection (4 to 8 grains to the ounce). 
 
 THALLINE TARTRA TE is a yellowish, crystalline p >wder, soluble in 10 parts 
 of cold water, almost insoluble in alcohol and ether. Employed for like purposes as 
 the sulphate. 
 
 THEOBROMIN. C 7 H 8 N 4 0 2 . 
 
 An alkaloid occurring in the seeds of Theobroma cacao (1.5jO, obtained from the 
 pressed cacao mass by mixing with slake 1 lime and exhausting with 8% boiling alcohol. 
 It is a white crystalline powder, slightly soluble in water, alcohol aud ether. Theo- 
 bromin is a hornologueof caffeine, differing in containing one C1I 2 group less ; it unites 
 readily with alkalies forming soluble salts (see Diuretiu). Because of its insolubility, 
 theobromine is unsuitable for use, but is employed in form of a double salt. In physio- 
 logical action it resembles caffeine, being, however, free from any irritating action on 
 the nerve centers. 
 
 THEOBROMIN-LITHI UM-LITHIUM-SALICYLATE. See Uropherin. 
 
 T H E R M I F U G I N . C 9 H 7 N(C H 3 )(OH)COONa. 
 
 Synonym ; Methyl-trihydro-oxychinolin-carboxylate of sodium. 
 
 This compound forms colorless crystals, which are readily soluble in water, the 
 solution becoming brown on standing. Employed as an antipyretic in doses of 0.1 to 
 0.25 Gm. (1.5 to 3.8 grains) # 
 
 THERMIN. C 10 H n .NH 2 . 
 
 Synonyms: Tetrahydro-b-naphthylamine. 
 
 Obtained by the action of metallic sodium on a solution of b naphthylamin in amyl 
 alcohol. Thermin is a colorless liquid which with hydrochloric acid forms colorless, 
 soluble crystals, which melt at 287° C. (4 8 6° F.). Recommended by Filehue as a 
 mydriatic ; further, nothing definite is known concerning this substance. 
 
60 
 
 THE NEWER REMEDIES. 
 
 i 
 
 T H E R M O D I N . CO . OC 2 H 5 . NCOH 4 OCCR 3 . OC 2 H 5 . 
 
 Synonym : Acetyl-para-ethoxy-phenyl-urethane. 
 
 This derivative of urethane was introduced to replace neurodine, which is too 
 powerful and rapid in its effects. Thermodin is a white crystalline powder, melts at 
 oo° to 88° C. (186.8° to 190.4° F.), and is almost insoluble in cold water. Recommended 
 as a mild antipyretic, free from any unpleasant effects ; given in doses of 0.32 to 1 Gm. 
 (5 to 15 grains). 
 
 THERMOTAXINE. 
 
 A proprietary analgesic and antipyretic. 
 
 THILANIN. 
 
 This is a sulphurated lanolin, obtained by heating lanolin with sulphur at 230° C., 
 and subsequently washing. It forms a brown unctuous mass, which contains about 3 
 per cent, of sulphur. Thilanin is employed as an application in various skin diseases. 
 
 T H I O FO R M . See Dithiosalicylic Acids. 
 
 THIOL. 
 
 A synthetic product of hydrocarbons obtained in a similar manner to ichthyol. 
 The tarry oils obtained by the destructive distillation of peat are heated with sulphur 
 at high temperature, the unsaturated hydrocarbons which unite with the sulphur are 
 removed and by the action of sulphuric acid at a l^w temperature converted into sul- 
 phonated compounds called thiol, which is then purified by washing and dialysis and 
 evaporated (in vacuo) to an extractive consistence (Thiolum Liquidum) or to dryness 
 (Thiolum Siccum. 
 
 Thiol forms either a brownish-black, thick liquid (containing about 25 per cent, of 
 dry residue) or a brownish-black powder, which is soluble in water and alcohol. It is 
 precipitated from its aqueous solutions by mineral acids, metallic salts or alkali earths. 
 Thiol is employed in the treatment of various skin diseases, its discoverers recom- 
 mending it as a substitute for ichthyol. As an ointment the strength usually em- 
 ployed is 10 to 50 per cent. The dry thiol, which is about 2% times the strength of the 
 liquid, when mixed with starch is used as a dusting powder. Internal dose is 0.13 to 
 0.6 Gm. (2 to 10 grains.). 
 
 T H I O L I N . See Thiolinic Acid. 
 
 THIOLINIC ACID. 
 
 Synonym: Thiolin. 
 
 This is prepared by boiling together linseed oil (6 p.) and sulphur (l p.); the sul- 
 phurated linseed oil which is thereby formed is warmed with sulphuric acid untii 
 solution takes place, the oily product is poured into water and washed to remove the 
 sulphuric and sulphurous acids. 
 
 Thiolinic acid forms a dark-green mass, of extractive consistency, and a peculiar 
 mustard-like odor, insoluble in water, but soluble in alcohol. 
 
 The sodium salt, which constitutes a soluble powder, is preferred to the above. 
 
 The medicinal properties of thiolin are similar to those of thiol and ichthyol. 
 
 T H 1 0-0 X Y- D I P H E N Y L A M I N E. See Sulphaminol. 
 
 THIOPHENE DI-IODIDE. C 4 H 2 I 2 S. 
 
 Obtained by the action of iodine and iodic acid on thiophene. Forms crystalline 
 plates, insoluble in water, very soluble in chloroform, ether and warm alcohol, melting 
 at 40.5° C. (104.9° F.) ; containing 75.5 per cent, of iodine and 9.5 per cent, of sulphur. 
 Thiophene di-iodide is employed externally as a powder and gauze in all instances 
 where iodoform might be applied. 
 
 TH 10 RESORCIN. C 6 H 4 (OS) 2 . 
 
 A sulphur derivative of resorcin, obtained by fusing one molecule of resorcin with 
 two molecules of sulphur. A yellowish gray powder, insoluble in water ; recom- 
 mended as an iodoform substitute, but its use is followed by unpleasant symptoms. 
 
 TH IOSALICYLIC ACID. C 6 H 4 (SH)COOH. 
 
 This is prepared from amido-benzoic acid. (C 6 H 4 (NH 2 )COOH, by the action of 
 nitrous acid and suphu retted hydrogen. It is employed like salicylic and sulpho-sali- 
 cylic acids as an antiseptic. 
 
 THIOSAPOL. C 18 I1 34 S0 2 . 
 
 A sulphuretted soap, prepared by heating unsatura.ted fats or fat acids such as 
 oleic acid, with sulphur to a temperature of 12U° to 160° < J. Sulphur enters into com- 
 bination, the product containing about TO per cent. Soap containing sulphur in this 
 state of combination is very serviceable in treatment of skin diseases. 
 
THE NEWER REMEDIES. 
 
 61 
 
 THIOSINAMINE. CS(NH 2 )NH.C 3 H 5 . 
 
 Synonyms : Allyl-sulpho-urea; Rhodallin; Allyl-sulpho-carbamide. 
 
 On heating a mixture of mustard oil (3p.), alcohol (3p.) and ammonia (6p.) at a 
 temperature of 50° C.. the pungent odor of the oil disappears, and on cooling crystals 
 of thiosinamine are deposited. This forms colorless crystals of a slight alliaceous 
 odor, melting at 74° 0. (165.2° F.), very soluble in alcohol, water and ether. 
 
 Employed in treatment of lupus, in form of subcutaneous injections of 15 to 20% 
 alcoholic solution. 
 
 THIURET. C 8 H 7 N 3 S 3 . 
 
 A sulphurated compound obtained by the oxidation of phenyl-dithio-biuret (C 8 H 9 
 N 3 S 2 ). Forms a light, inodorous, crystalline powder, insoluble in water, quite soluble 
 in alcohol and ether; in contact with alkalies (warmed) it gives up its sulphur. 
 Thiuret. because of its kalyseptic and germicidal properties, is recommended as a sub- 
 stitute for iodoform. Various salts of thiuret have been prepared such as the phenol- 
 svlphona'e , hydrochloride , hydrobromide , salicylate , etc. These are more soluble in 
 water than the base, and insoluble in ether and the oils. Their aqueous solutions give 
 a vtolet coloration with ferric chloride and a white precipitate of the base (thiuret) on 
 addition of aqua ammoniae. 
 
 TH YMACETIN. 
 
 CH 3 
 
 c 3 h 7 
 
 
 NH(CH 3 CO). 
 
 By the action of nitric acid, thymol is converted into nitro-thymol, from which a 
 sodium salt is prepared, this on heating with ethyl chloride under pressure yields 
 nitro-thymol-ethyl-ether, which on reduction and acetification yields thymacetin. 
 This forms a white crystalline powder, melting at 136° C. (276.8° F.). slightly soluble in 
 water and freely in alcohol. Employed in treatment of neuralgia in doses of 0.19 to 
 0.64 Gm. (3 to 10 grains); it is said to produce unpleasant effects. 
 
 THYMENTHOL. 
 
 A proprietary antiseptic. 
 
 THYMOZONE. 
 
 A proprietary antiseptic. 
 
 TOLYL-ANTI PYRIN. See Toly pyrin. 
 
 TOLYPYRIN. C.H 4 CH,N<CO.CH cch3 
 
 Synonyms: Tolylantipyrin; Beta-tolyl-dimethyl-pyrazolon. 
 
 Antipyrin is the phenyl (C 6 H 5 ) derivative of di-methyl-pyrazolon^ N <CncH^CCH ) 
 
 while tolypyrine is the tolyl (C 6 H 4 C 3 H) derivative of the same, or the latter may be 
 considered as antipyrin in which one hydrogen atom of the phenyl radicle is replaced 
 by a methyl group. This compound forms colorless crystals, melting at 136° to 137° C. 
 (276.8° to 278.b° F.), soluble in 10 parts of water, readily in alcohol and insoluble in 
 ether. Tolypyrin gives the same color reactions with ferric chloride and nitrous acid 
 as antipyrine, and. like the latter, is employed as an antipyretic, antirheumatic and 
 antineuralgic in the same doses, 0.5 to 2 Gm. (8 to 30 grains). 
 
 TOLYPYRIN SALICYLATE. See Tolysal. 
 
 T O L YS A L. C 6 H 4 CH 3 N < 0CI j 3 c 7 H 6 0 2 . 
 
 Symmym: Tolypyrin Salicylate. 
 
 Obtained by fusing together equimolecular quantities of tolypyrin and salicylic 
 acid and crystallizing from alcohol. Forms colorless crystals, melting at 101° to 102° C. 
 (213.8° to 215.6° F.). almost insoluble in water and readily soluble in alcohol. 
 
 Employed in chronic and acute rheumatism and rheumatic neuralgia in doses of 1 
 to 2 Gm. (15 to 30 grains.). 
 
 TREFUSIA. 
 
 A dark red-brown, soluble, granular powder, obtained by drying defibrinated 
 blood. Employed as a natural iron albuminate in chlorosis. 
 
 TRI-BROM-ALDEH YDE HYDRATE. See Broinal Hydrate. 
 
 TRI-BROM-ANILIN HYDRO BROMIDE. See Bromamide. 
 
 TRI-BROM-PHENOL. See Bromoi. 
 
62 
 
 THE NEWER REMEDIES 
 
 TRI-CHLOR-ACETIC ACID. CC1 3 C00H. 
 
 This is obtained by the action of chlorine on glacial acetic acid, or by the oxidation 
 of anhydrous chloral by means of fuming nitric acid. 
 
 Trichloracetic acid occurs in colorless, rhomMc crystals, very hygroscopic, of a 
 slightly penetrating odor ; melting at 55° C. (131° F.). Very soluble in water and 
 alcohol. 
 
 It is employed as a caustic in 10 to 50 per cent, solution^ 
 
 T RICH LOR PHENOL. See under Chlorphenol. 
 
 TRICRESOL. See under Cresol. 
 
 TRICRESOLAMIN E. 
 
 A mixture of equal parts of ethylene-diamine and tricresol. Used as an antiseptic. 
 
 TRI FORMAL. See Formalin. 
 
 TRHODO-M ET A-C RESOL. See Losophan. 
 
 TRI-METHYL-ETHYLENE. See Pental. 
 
 TRIONAL. C 2 H 5 .CH 3 .C.(S0 2 C 2 H 5 ) 2 . 
 
 Synonym : Di-ethyl-sulphon-methyl-ethyl-methane. 
 
 This is an analogue of sulphonal and differs in the substitution of a methyl by an 
 ethyl group (see Tetronal). The method of preparation is the same as that of sul- 
 phonal, only that methyl-ethyl-ketone (CH 3 -CO-(J 2 H 5 )is employed in place of acetone 
 Trional forms colorless, shining, tabular crystals, melting at 76° C. (168.h° F.), soluble 
 in 320 parts of cold and freely in hot water, very soluble in alcohol and ether. This 
 compound is a more powerful hypnotic than sulphonal and is less liable to produce ill 
 effects. It is preferred to tetronal as a reliable and safe hypnotic. Dose, 1 to 2 Gm. 
 (15 to 30 grains). 
 
 TROPA-COCAINE HYDROCHLORIDE. C 8 H 14 NO.(C e H 5 UO)HCl. 
 
 Synonym : Benzoyl-pseudotropein hydrochloride. 
 
 This alkaloid occurs with cocaine and other bases in the small Java coca leaves ; 
 prepared synthetically by Liebermann. Forms white needles, melting at 271° C. 
 (519 8° F.), and is readily soluble in water. Tropacocaine in 2 or 3 per cent, solutions 
 produces more rapid anaesthesia, is less toxic, and more reliable than cocaine (Ferdi- 
 nando and Ohadbourne). 
 
 TUMENOL. 
 
 Synonym : Sulphotumenolic Acid. 
 
 This compound, which is closely allied to ichthvol, is obtained by treating (sulphon- 
 ating) the unsaturated hydrocarbons of mineral oils with sulphuric acid, the resuiting 
 product is dissolve 1 in water and separated in pure form by the addition of salt The 
 tumenol-sulphonic acid thus obtained is known as “Commercial Tumenol,” being a 
 dark-brown, almost black, acid fluid; this on being neutralized with soda and ex- 
 tracted with ether, yields the "Tumenol-Sulphone” (Tumenol Oil), which is a thick, 
 dark yellow, syrupy fluid, with a bitter taste and insoluble in water. This latter is 
 prepared in the powder form, known as “ Tumenol-Sulphonic Acid,” being of dark 
 color, inodorous, slightly bitter, and readily soluble in water. Tumenol is employed in 
 treatment of all forms of pruritis and also eczema, either as a 5 to 10 per cent, solution 
 (ether-alcohol, water or glycerin) ointment, paste or dusting-powder. The tumenol 
 oil is frequently painted directly over the diseased surfaces. 
 
 SODIUM TUMENOL-SULDHONATE is a combination of sulphotumenolic acid 
 and sodium. A dark-colored, dry powder, soluble in water, and applied in all instances 
 above cited. 
 
 TUSSOL. 
 
 Synonym: Antipyrine Mandelate or Phenyl-glycolate. 
 
 This new salt of an tipyrine is recommended as being superior to antipyrine itself 
 in the treatment of whooping cough. Given in doses of 0.05 to 0 1 Gm. (7-lu to 1% 
 grains) for children under one year of age; 0.1 Gm. (l}4 grains) for 1 to 2 years; 0.25 to 
 0.4 Gm. (3.8 to 6 grains) for 2 to 4 years, and 0.5 Gm. (8 grains) for 5 years and above. 
 
 ULYPTOL. 
 
 Synonym : Eulyptol. 
 
 This is a name given to a mixture of phenol 1 part, salicylic acid 6 parts, and euca- 
 lyptus oil 1 part. 
 
 UR ALINE. SeeUralium. 
 
THE NEWER REMEDIES. 
 
 63 
 
 URALIUM. CC1 3 CH:0H NHC0 2 C 2 H 5 . 
 
 Synonyms : Chloral Urethane; Uraline. 
 
 To a solution ot urethane (q. v.) in melted chloral hydrate, concentrated hydro- 
 chloric acid is added: after 24 hours it congeals to a solid mass, which is then washed 
 with sulphuric ac>d, followed by water, leaving an oil which, on standing, crystallizes. 
 Uralium constitutes a white pow<1er, melting at 103° C. (217.4° F.). insoluble in cold 
 water, very soluble in alcohol and ether; when boiled with water it decomposes into 
 chloral and urethane. Recommended as a hypnotic in doses of 2 to 3 Gm. (30 to 45 
 grains). 
 
 URETHANE CO *\oc 2 2 H 5 - 
 
 Synonym : Ethyl-Urethane ; Ethyl Carbamate. 
 
 This compound, an ethyl ether of carbamic acid CO Qg 2 ^ is obtained by 
 
 heating a salt of urea with ethyl alcohol under pressure at a temperature of 120° to 
 130° C. Forms colorless, odorless prisms or scales, melting at 50° to 51° C. (122° to 
 123.8° F.) soluble in 1 part of water. 0.6 part of alcohol, 1 part of ether and 1.5 parts of 
 chloroform. Urethane is an excellent hypnotic, being free from by or after effects ; 
 dose is 1 to 2 Gm. (15 to 30 grains.) 
 
 U RO P H E R I N C 7 H v N 4 0 2 Li+C 6 H 4 (OH)COOLi. 
 
 Synonyms : Lithium Diuretin ; Theobromine-lithium-lithium-Salicylate. 
 
 This double salt is analogous to diuretin, differing only in the substitution of 
 lithium for sodium. It is prepared by rubbing together theobromine with lithium 
 hydroxide and an equivalent quantity of lithium salicylate, with sufficient water, and 
 then dried. It is a white powder soluble in 5 parts of water. Employed as a diuretic 
 in doses of 1 Gm. (15 grains). 
 
 VALERYL-PHENETIDINE. See under Phenetidine. 
 
 VANILLIN. C 6 H 3 OH.OCH 3 .CHO. 
 
 Synonym : Methyl-protocatechuic aldehyde. 
 
 This odorous principle, which is found in the vanilla pods, also occurs in small 
 quantities in gum benzoin, asparagus, raw beet sugar and the wood of many plants. 
 Synthetically prepared from coniferin. a glucoside. *nd also from eugenol. Vanillin 
 occurs in acicular crystals, melting at 80° to 81° C (176 to 177.8° F.). soluble in alcohol, 
 glycerin, ether and chloroform, only slightly soluble in water. It possesses the odor 
 and taste of vanillin. Employed chiefly as au odoriferous and flavoring agent. 
 
 VIERIN. 
 
 An amorphous, white, bitter principle, of aromatic odor, obtained from the bark 
 of Rendzia vellozii. It melts at 120° C. (248° F.). and is readily soluble in alcohol and 
 chloroform. Employed as a quinine substitute in aoses of 0.1 to 0.2 Gm. (1J4 to 3 
 grains). 
 
 VUTRIN. 
 
 A concentrated meat extract in powder form, one part of which represents the 
 nutritive value of four parts of beef. 
 
 XYLENOL-SALOLS. C 6 H 4 (OH)COO C 6 II 3 (CH 3 ) 2 
 
 By the action of dehydrating agents upon a mixture of equal molecules of sali- 
 cylic auid and xylenol (o-m-or-p.), ortho, meta or para-xylenol salicylates are formed. 
 These are insoluble in water and soluble in alcohol ; employed like salol as intestinal 
 disinfectants. 
 
 ZINC COMPOUNDS. 
 
 BORATE. ZnB 4 0 7 -f7H 2 0. Prepared by interaction between hot solutions of 5 
 parts of zinc sulphate in 50 parts of water and 4 parts of borax in 100 parts of water. 
 An amorphous, white powder, which is employed as an antiseptic dusting powder for 
 wounds. 
 
 CHRYSOPHAN ATE. Forms a brownish-red powder, which is readily soluble in 
 water which has been rendered slightly alkaline. Recommended as antiseptic dusting 
 
 powder 
 
 GYNOCART) ATE. A yellow granular powder, insoluble in water and dilute 
 acids, readily soluble in alcohol and ether. Recommended in treatment of psoriasis, 
 prurigo and other skin diseases. 
 
64 
 
 THE NEWER REMEDIES. 
 
 
 PERM ANG ANA TE. Occurs in crystals closely resembling those of the potassium 
 salt ; hygroscopic and soluble in water. This salt is employed in all instances where 
 zinc sulphate is indicated ; its solutions being of the strength 0.05 Gm. to 200 Cc. of 
 water (7-10 grain to 6.8 fid. ozs). Care should be taken not to triturate this salt with 
 organic substances or dispense it in solutions containing alcohol or organic extracts 
 (See Coblentz’s Handbook of Pharmacy, pp. 393-396). 
 
 SALICYLATE. (C 7 H 5 03) 2 Zn-fH 2 0. Sodium salicylate 34 parts and zinc sulphate 
 29 parts are boiled for a short time with 125 parts of water ; on cooling a solid crystal- 
 line mass separates, which, after washing with a little cold water, is recrystallized. 
 Forms colorless crystals which are soluble in 25 2 parts of cold and readily in boiling 
 water, soluble in 36 parts of ether and 3.5 parts of alcohol. Recommended as anti- 
 septic dusting powder and wash in various skin diseases. 
 
 SOZOIODOL. (C 6 H 2 I 2 (0H)S0 3 ) 2 Zn4-6H 2 0. See under Sozoiodol. 
 
 SULPHOCARB OLA TE. C 6 H 4 (0H)S0 3 ) 2 Zn4-8H 2 0. By the action of concentrated 
 sulphuric acid on phenol at 90° <j., para-phenol-sul phonic acid is formed; this is neu- 
 tralized with barium carbonate, and the resulting barium sulphocarbolate on being 
 brought into reaction with an equivalent amount of zinc sulphate in solution yields 
 zinc sulphocarbolate and the insoluble barium sulphate. The filtrate is evaporated 
 and crystallized. This salt forms colorless, rhombic prisms or scales, soluble in water 
 and alcohol. Employed as an antiseptic wash in all instances where zinc sulphate or 
 carbolic acid is indicated. 
 
 STJLPHYBRATE. Zn(SH) 2 . A white precipitate, which should be kept under 
 water, since it readily decomposes on becoming dry. Recommended by Barduzzi 
 externally ana internally in the treatment of chronic eczema, psoriasis and vegeto- 
 parasitic dermatoses. Internally the dose is 0.03 to 0.13 Gm. (*4 to 2 grains), externally 
 in ointment form (10$) combined with lanolin and lard ^2:3).