LIBRARY OF THE UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS AT URBANA-CHAMPAIGN 5 1 0.84 1463c v>o.8l-90 ENGINEER'^ AUG 51976 The person charging this material is re- sponsible for its return to the library from which it was withdrawn on or before the Latest Date stamped below. Theft, mutilation, and underlining of books are reasons for disciplinary action and may result in dismissal from the University. UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS LIBRARY AT URBANA-CHAMPAIGN C mi WW 6RGC» UliiLMii so « LUAti ll L161 — O-1096 Digitized by the Internet Archive in 2012 with funding from University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign http://archive.org/details/countyjailsinill87kimb Engin. CONFERENCE ENGINEERING LIBRARy UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS URBANA, ILLINOIS ;ed Computation UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS AT URBANA-CHAMPAIGN URBANA, ILLINOIS 61801 CAC Document No. 87 COUNTY JAILS IN ILLINOIS; A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS by- John R. Kimberly David 33. Rottman August 31, 1S73 COUNTY JAILS IN ILLINOIS A Comparative Analysis of Local Contexts, Inmate Populations, Jail Characteristics and Staff Orientations Final Report Prepared For: The Illinois Institute for Social Policy by John R. Kimberly, Ph.D. Department of Sociology Institute of Labor and Industrial Relations Center for Advanced Computation David B. Rottman, M.A. Department of Sociology Center for Advanced Computation University of Illinois Urbana / Champaign August, 1973 (c) Copyright by John R. Kimberly and David B. Rottman 1973 NSINEEFMG OMWKT ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS For a modest research effort, we have accumulated a substantial number of debts. First, we would like to thank the eight sheriffs who granted us permission to use their jails as research sites, and the jail officers and matrons who gave of their time and experience „ With rare exception, we couli not have been treated with greater cooperation or courtesy. Like anyone working in the area of jails, we are indebted to Hans W. Mattick. In our case, this goes far beyond the wealth of insight provided in his writings, as Professor Mattick was kind enough to give us permission to use both the original field instruments from the Illinois Jail Survey and the data collected by the Survey „ Anthony Kuharich, Chief of the Illinois Bureau of Detention Standards and Services, and members of his staff responded promptly to all requests for assistance and advice and greatly facilitated our work. Similarly, Edith Flynn, Mel Vevera and Bernie Zant helped in gaining access to several of the jails in our study. Bruce Thomas stimulated our thinking about the problems of "correctional" institutions greatly as well as facilitating the actual study. Finally, we were fortunate to have had Bruce Laube working on the proji between January and June of 1973 on loan from Systems Dynamics Associates. Along with doing the work which might have been expected of several persons, Bruce was a constant source of ideas and enthusiasm,, All observations and interpretations given in this report are, however solely the responsibility of the authors „ * Table of Contents Acknowledgements Page I Introduction A. Research Perspective • • 3 B. Research Methodology 1. Sample Selection ^ 2„ Data Collection Techniques 3. On-Site Strategy 6 C. Format of the Report 6 Footnotes 8 II What is A Jail? 9 A, Introduction • Bo The Local Criminal Justice System and the Jail 21 C. Inmate Populations 30 D. Jail Structure and Characteristics ..... 36 1. Staff ing Patterns 36 2. Inmate Supervision • • • 40 3. Information Processes ....<> 43 4 Segregation of Inmates 49 5. Trusties 52 6. Distribution of Trust and Favor Among Inmates ....... 56 7. Administering Discipline ^2 8. Formalization 65 9„ Rehabilitation Efforts and Medical Care "7 Footnotes '2 Table of Contents Cont. Page III The Internal Context of Jails: Staff Orientations 75 A. Introduction 75 1. Methodology • 76 B. Results 79 1. Inmate Characteristics • 79 2. Jail Characteristics °° 3. Disciplinary Methods 96 4 Inmate Status 102 5. Interrelationships Among the Categories 108 C„ Conclusions • 110 Footnotes 113 IV Implications 114 A. Research Implications 115 B. Policy Implications 120 Appendix A A. Jail Interview Schedule 128 B. Jailer Interview Schedule 131 Appendix B Product -Moment Correlations: Staff Orientations 137 List of Tables Section II Table Number Table Title Page 1 Rank of Inmate Population Measures by Jail 30 2 Distribution of Full-Time Jail Employee by Jail 36 3 Extent of Daytime Supervision: 1967-68 and 1973 40 4 Extent of Night Supervision: 1967-68 and 1973 41 5 Steps in Intake by Jail: 1967-68 and 1973 ^ 6 Distribution Among Jails of Intake Steps by Time Period ■ • • • 45 7 Uses of Prior Familiarity with Inmates 47 8 Segregation Practices by Jail 9 Trusty Data by Jail 55 10 Which Inmates Work: 1967-68 and 1973 56 11 Are Inmates Responsible for Jail Cleaning: 1967-68 and 1973 • 57 12 Work Done by Inmates: 1967-68 and 1973 58 13 Privileges Granted Certain Inmates: 1967-68 and 1973 .... 59 14 Distribution of Discipline Methods by Jail: 1967-68 and 1973 63 15 1973 Methods of Discipline by Jail Size 64 List of Tables Section III Table Number Table Title Page 1 The Relative Importance of Characteristics of the "Ideal" Inmate as Seen by all Respondents • 80 2 Relative Importance of Characteristics of the "Ideal" Inmate as Seen within Each Jail 81 3 Rank Importance of Characteristics of the "Ideal" Inmate 82 for each Jail 4 Staff Definitions of How Characteristics of the "Ideal" Inmate are Important 84 5 Relative Importance of Inmate Characteristics by Organiza- tional Position of Respondent • ' 86 6 The Relative Importance of Inmate Characteristics by Organizational Position by Jail 88 7 The Relative Importance of Characteristics of the "Ideal" Jail as Teen by all Respondents 89 8 Relative Importance of Characteristics of the "Ideal" Jail as Seen within Each Jail 91 9 Rank Importance of Characteristics of the "Ideal" Jail for Each Jail 92 10 Relative Importance of Jail Characteristics by Organiza- tional Position of Respondent 93 11 The Relative Importance of Jail Characteristics by Organizational Position by Jail 12 The Relative Importance of Various Disciplinary Methods as Seen by All Respondents 97 List of Tables Section III cont„ Table Number Table Title Page 13 Relative Importance of Various Disciplinary Methods as Seen Within Each Jail 98 14 Rank Importance of Various Disciplinary Methods for Each Jail 99 15 Relative Importance of Various Disciplinary Methods by Organizational Position of Respondent 100 16 The Relative Importance of Various Disciplinary Methods by Organizational Position by Jail 101 17 The Relative Preference of Jail Staff for Various Inmate Statuses , 103 18 Relative Importance of Various Inmate Statuses as Seen Within Each Jail 104 19 Rank Importance of Various Inmate Statuses for Each Jail . 105 20 The Relative Preference for Various Inmate Statuses by Organizational Position . 106 21 The Relative Preference for Various Inmate Statuses by Organizational Position for each Jail 107 Section IV 1 Incidence and Rated Importance of Discipline Methods: 1973 124 •H *-> *G •u *H n] -M > > c til) -] CO +J 4J C § 5 C .-I -U "H B " JJ *H 4-J a ^ E 3 B -H -h •ri U C fi s XJ O -U <-H 3 3 § 5 C$ 4J *-t § 2 1-1 >, -H £ U r-H tfl U B -H cd -U i-t ft 2 •H iJ (D 5 CD 4J -U !»» C n OJ a to c. p. 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