557 IL6b no. 10 LIBRARY. rg Digitized by the Internet Archive in 2012 with funding from University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign http://archive.org/details/mineralcontentof10bart ILLINOIS STATE GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. BULLETIN No. 10. Prepared in Co-operation with the State Water Survey The Mineral Content of Illinois Waters BY EDWARD BARTOW, J. A. UDDEN, S. W. PARR and GEORGE T. PALMER URBANA University of Illinois 1909 SPRINGFIELD, ILL., Illinois State Journal Co., State Printers 1909 STATE GEOLOGICAL COMMISSION. Governor C. S. Deneen, Chairman. Professor T. C. Ciiamberlin, Vice Chairman. President Edmund J. James, Secretary. II. Foster Bain, Director. Edward Bartow, Consulting Chemist in Water Investigations. CONTENTS. Page. List of illustrations 6 Letter of transmittal VII Introduction, by Edward Bartow 1 Historical statement 1 Distribution of waters analyzed 2 Geographical 2 According to source of sample 4 Surface waters 5 Springs 5 Shallow wells 6 Deep wells in drift 6 Geological classification of the waters of Illinois ; by J. A. Udden 8 Source of the groundwater 8 Recent lowering of the head of the ground water 8 The water bearing formations 9 Potsdam sandstone 9 Lower Magnesian limestone / 11 St. Peters sandstone 12 Trenton-Galena formation "*. 15 Niagara limestone 16 Devonian strata 16 Lower Carboniferous 17 Coal Measures 17 Pleistocene formations 17 Boulder clay 18 Alluvial deposits 19 Loess 20 Springs 21 Classification of mineral waters, according to physical and chemical properties; by Edward Bartow 22 General: A German classification 22 A French classification 23 An American classification 23 An English classification 23 Peale's classification 24 Modifications of Peale's classification 24 Conclusions 26 Methods and interpretations ; by Edward Bartow 30 Methods of analysis , 30 Sanitary 30 Mineral 35 Method of reporting analyses of the mineral content 37 Factors for calculating hypothetical combinations from ions 38 Interpretation of results 38 Sanitary water analysis 38 Surface waters 39 Spring waters 40 Waters from shallow wells in drift 40 Waters from deep drift wells 42 Waters from deep wells in rock 43 Summary 48 Analysis of the mineral content 48 Surface waters 48 Springs 49 Drift wells 50 Deep wells in rock 52 General observations 54 Boiler waters ; by S. W. Parr ». 56 Scale 56 Foaming 60 Corrosion 61 Mineral Springs of Illinois ; by George T. Palmer, M. D 62 Tables of analyses 76 Index 189 VI LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS. PLATES. Page. 1. Geological map of Illinois (after Leverett) 13 2. Sodium carbonate in Illinois waters 28 3. Magnesium sulphate in Illinois waters 29 4. Chlorine in springs 41 5. Residue in deep drift wells 44 P . Chlorine in deep drift wells 45 7. Residue in deep wells in rock 46 8. Chlorine in deep wells in rock 47 9. Alkalinity of Illinois waters 53 FIGURE. 1. Experimental plant for study of boiler water 59 VII LETTER OF TRANSMITTAL. State Geological Survey, University of Illinois, Oct. 1, 1908. Governor C. 8. Deneen, Chairman, and Members of the Geological Com- mission: Gentlemen — I submit herewith material for a report upon the min- eral content of Illinois waters, and recommend .that it be published' as Bulletin 10. This report has been prepared in cooperation with the State Water Survey under the direction of Dr. Edward Bartow, director of that organization and consulting chemist in charge of water investi- gations for the Geological Survey. Dr. Bartow has personally prepared a number of chapters in the report. The tables of analyses have been compiled under his direction from the records of the State Water Sur- vey., Dr. J. A. Udden of Augustana College and the State Geological Survey, has prepared a chapter on the geological classification of the waters of Illinois and Professor S. W. Parr, one on water for boilers and for other industrial uses. Dr. George Thomas Palmer, M. D., editor of the Chicago* Clinic and Pure Water Journal, has prepared the chapter on the Medicinal Springs of Illinois. The Geological Survey is under great obligations to these gentlemen for their assistance, and particu- larly to Dr. Bartow for the cordial cooperation between the two surveys which he has made possible. This report will be published also by the State Water Survey, forming Bulletin 4 of the water survey series. The report as a whole is to be considered as essentially preliminary and is designed to place in the hands of the citizens of the State ac- curate analyses of water from the different Geological horizons and Geographical districts. To aid in the use of these tables the brief special discussions already noted have been prepared. It is planned to follow this bulletin with special studies of the water resources of the particular areas so far as these resources are dependent upon geological conditions. One such report, the water resources of the East St. Louis district, 1 a brief preliminary statement regarding the water resources of the Spring- field area, 2 and a paper on the artesian wells in Peoria and vicinity 3 have already been published. A general report upon the underground structure of the State as related to artesian and other waters is planned, and Dr. J. A. Udden is accumulating material for it. 1 State Geol. Survey Bull. No. 5, Water Resources of the East St. Louis District ; by Isaiah Bowman and C. A. Reeds. 2 Water Resources of the Spring-field Quadrangle; by T. E. Savage, State Geol Survey, Bull. 4, pp. 235-244. 3 Udden, J. A. Year Book for 1907. State Geol. Survey, Bull. No. 9, pp. 315-334. VIII In the meantime the services of the two Surveys have been frequently called into requisition by cities, towns, railways and manufacturers de- siring to secure better or. larger water supplies. In a number of in- stances it has been possible to make positive recommendations which have been followed with good results. In other cases our present data have proven too incomplete to permit of a certain answer to the questions raised. It is proposed to continue the work with a view to giving pro- gressively better service as the records become more complete. It is be- lieved that there are few, if any, more important lines of inquiry de- manding attention. Questions of water supply are so important, not only as relates to- the industrial activity of an area but also to the health of the people and even the very existence of a community, that they warrant much more exhaustive studies than are possible with the resources now available. It is to be hoped that more money may be made available for this work. Very respectfully, H. Foster Bain, Director. THE MINERAL CONTENT OF ILLINOIS WATERS INTRODUCTION [By Edward Bartow.] Historical Statement. The State Water Survey of Illinois began the investigation of the waters of the State in 1895. While the Survey has laid special stress on the determination of the character of the waters from a sanitary stand- point, it has also often been called upon to make analyses of the mineral content to determine its character from a medicinal or commercial standpoint. In the various reports so far issued by the Survey only re- sults of the sanitary investigations were published. It had been the in- tention to publish the results of the mineral analyses in a previous re- port 1 but this had to be postponed until. the present time when, in co- operation with the Geological Survey, it has become possible. This Bulletin, primarily, contains the records of the analyses made to de- termine the composition of the mineral residue with reference to the value of the water for manufacturing and medicinal uses, but there are also included the sanitary analyses, wherever such analyses have been made. Owing to lack of funds the Survey has not been able to do systematic collecting. The samples examined have been sent by parties who desired to know something of either the commercial or medicinal value of some special water. Though many times, when requested to make only the sanitary examination of a water, that could be considered as typical of a section of the State or of a geological stratum, the Survey has also made an examination of the mineral content. Since the foundation of the Sur- vey in 1895 to December 31, 1905, though it has not been possible to col- lect samples systematically, 547 analyses have been made to determine the composition of the mineral residue. These waters have come from 269 cities and towns distributed over 90 counties, leaving only 12 counties from which no specimens have been analyzed. The samples sent to the Survey have usually been sent with a request for information regarding the potability, medicinal value, the suitability for use in boilers, or the suitability for manufacturing purposes. In ail l "Chemical Survey of the Waters of Illinois," pp. 3 and 6. Z MINERAL CONTENT OF WATERS. Tbull. no. 10 cases a report has been made to the party sending the water, and when desired an opinion has been given with respect to its suitability for the special purpose designated by the sender. As a rule, when an opinion regarding the medicinal effect has been desired, the Survey has sug- gested that the report of the analysis be referred to a competent physician for an opinion. The special opinions concerning each water are not given in this report, but there are given briefly general interpretations of re- sults from a sanitary, medicinal, and industrial standpoint. The analyses have been arranged in alphabetical order according to the cities and towns. This arrangement will enable those wishing to know the composition' of the mineral matters contained in waters from a certain city or town, to easily obtain the information desired, or to learn whether an analysis of the water in question has been made by the State Water Survey. We have also included in the report a county list, showing the number and location of the waters analyzed in each county, in order to facilitate the comparison of the waters of a given section. Again, we have arranged tables of distribution, showing the source of each sample; whether from river, spring, shallow well, or deep well in rock or in drift. This will facilitate comparison of waters of similar ■origin, or from similar geological horizons. The methods of analysis published in this Bulletin have been used throughout the greater part of the existence of the Water Survey. While modifications have been made from time to time, in general, the methods given have been followed. Many of the methods are those recommended by the American Public Health Association. When such is not the case it is our purpose as soon as possible to adopt their recommendations, es- pecially with reference to sanitary work. The analyses were made under the direction of the late Professor A. W. Palmer, until his death in February, 1904. Professor S. W. Parr was director from February, 1904, to September, 1905, when the present director took charge of the work. The analyses have been made by mem- bers of the Water Survey staff and the initials accompanying each analysis indicate the analyst. The following men have done this analyt- ical work for the Survey: Perry Barker, Arthur Donaldson Emmett, Arthur Russell Johnston, David Klein, Justa Morris Lindgren, Albert LeRoy Marsh, Arthur William Palmer, €arleton Raymond Rose, Robert Watt Stark. Mr. C. V. Miller has made many of the sanitary examinations. Distribution of Waters Analyzed. geographical. The various samples of water which have been sent to the Water Sur- vey since its foundation, aggregating a total number of 13,873 to De- cember 31, 1905, have come from 590 towns in 100 counties. Since prac- tically all of these waters have been sent to the laboratory by citizens or city officials such a distribution shows the widespread demand for the work. The samples, which have been analyzed to determine the composition of the mineral residue, aggregating a total number of 547, have been sent from 269 towns in 90 counties. This distribution seems BARTOW.] SOURCE OF SAMPLES. remarkable since it has been possible for the State Water Survey to influence the points of collection only in a very small degree. The only counties from which no samples have been received for analysis of the mineral content are Carroll, Clay, Crawford, Cumberland, Edwards, Franklin, Grundy, Hamilton, Hardin, Massac, Monroe and Moultrie. The following table shows the distribution of mineral analyses by counties and towns, and will serve as a guide for the comparison of the quality of water in certain sections of the country. MINERAL ANALYSES BY COUNTIES. Adams — Camp Point, Clayton, Mendon, Payson, (see Quincy), Quincy. Alexander — Cairo. Bond — Greenville. Boone — Belvidere, Brown — Mt. Sterling, Ripley. Bureau — Bureau, La Moille, Maiden, Marquette, Milo, Neponset, Spring Valley, Walnut. Calhoun — Kampsville. Cass — Areozville, Ashland, Chandlersville, Champaign — Champaign, Rantoul, Tolono, Urbana, Christian — Assumption, Pana, Rosemond. Clark — Marshall. Clinton — Carlyle. Coles — Mattoon. Cook — Berwyn, Chicago, Evanston, Forest Glen, Hyde Park, Kensington, Maywood, Morgan Park, North Chicago, Oak Park, Palatine, Riverside, "West Chicago, Winnetka. DeKalb — DeKalb. DeWitt — Clinton, DeWitt, Farmer City. Douglas — Newman, Tuscola. DuPage — Elmhurst, Glen Ellyn, Hinsdale, Warrenville, Winfield. Edgar — Chrisman, Dudley, Paris. Effingham — Altamont. Fayette — Vandalia. Ford — Paxton, Piper City. Fulton — Astoria, Canton, Brereton, Farmington, Ipava, Lewistown, London Mills, Vermont. Gallatin — Omaha, Shawneetown. Greene — Carrollton. Hancock — Augusta, Hamilton, La Harpe, Niota. Henderson — Oquawka, Stronghurst. Henry — Cambridge, Geneseo, Kewanee, Woodhull. Iroquois — Ashkum, Gilman, Loda, Onargo, Sheldon. Jackson — Carbondale, Makanda, Murphysboro, Neunert. Jasper — Bell Air. Jefferson — Mt. Vernon. Jersey — Grafton, Jerseyville. Jo Daviess — Apple River, Stockton, Warren, Woodbine. Johnson — New Burnside. Kane — Aurora, Batavia, - Carpentersville, Dundee, Elgin, Montgomery, South Elgin, St. Charles. Kankakee — Grant Park, Kankakee, Momence, St. Ann. KENDALLi Bristol Station, Piano. Knox — Abingdon, Galesburg, Knoxville, Maquon. Lake — Deerfield, Everett, Fort Hill, Highland Park, Lake Bluff, Lake Forrest, Libertyville, Russell, Waukegan. LaSalle — LaSalle, Marseilles, Ottawa, Peru, Streator, Tonica, Waltham. Lawrence — Sumner. Lee — Amboy, Dixon, Franklin Grove, Paw Paw. MINERAL CONTENT OF WATERS. fBULL. NO. 10 Mineral Analyses by Counties — Concluded. Livingston — Dwight, Fairbury, Flanagan, Forest, Manville, Odell, Pontiac. Logan — Atlanta, Elkhart, Mt. Pulaski. Madison — Godfrey, Highland, Poag, Alton, Collinsville. Macon — Decatur. Macoupin — Staunton. Maeion — Centralia, Kell, Kinmundy, Omega, Salem. Maes haul — Wenona. Mason — Havana. McDonough — Bushnell, Chester, Colchester, Eldorado Twp. Tennessee, Macomb. McHeney — Algonquin, Crystal Lake, McHenry, Woodstock. McLean — Bloomington, Cooksville, Downs, Gridley, Normal, Lexington. Menaed — Petersburg, Tallula. Meecee — Aledo. Montgomeey — Hillsboro. MOEGAN — Jacksonville, Markham, Pisgah, Waverly. Ogle — Byron, Mt. Morris, Oregon, Polo, Rochelle. Peokia — Averyville, Chillicothe, Glasford, Mapleton, Peoria, So. Bartonville. Peeey — Cutler, DuQuoin, Tamaora. Piatt — Atwood, Bement, Cerro Gordo. Pike — Milton. Pulaski — Mound City, Pulaski, Villa Ridge. Putnam — Granville, Hennepin. Randolph — Menard, Red Bud. Richland — Claremont, Olney, Parkersburg. Rock Island — E. Moline, Milan, Rock Island, Saline — Carrier's Mills, Harrisburg, Stone Fort. Schuylee — Camden, Huntsville, Rushville. Sangamon — Springfield. Scott — Bluffs, Brushy, Winchester. Shelby — Middlesworth, Moweaqua, Oconee, Shelbyville. St. Claie — Belleville, E. St. Louis. Staek — Bradford, Wyoming. Stephenson — Freeport, Lena. Tazewell — Pekin. Union — Alto Pass, Cobden. v EEMILION Danville, Hoopeston, Hope, Oakwood, Sidell. Wabash — Keensburg. Wayne — Cisne, Fairfield. Waeeen — Roseville. Washington — Richview. White — Caemi — Mill Shoals. Whiteside — Morrison, Sterling. Will— Joliet, Peotone, Plainfield, Romeoville, Wilmington. Williamson — Creal Springs. Winnebago — Rockford. Woodeoed — Eureka, Minonk, Roanoke. ACCORDING TO SOURCE. The water supplies of Illinois are derived from three general sources : 1. Surface waters, including rivers, lakes and ponds. 2. Waters from shallow wells and springs. 3. Waters from deep wells. In order to facilitate the comparison of waters from similar sources we have inserted tables classifying each water according to the character of its source : BARTOW. J SOURCE OF SAMPLES. Number Source of of Analyses Water. , Made. Surface waters 32 Shallow wells and springs. Springs 131 Dug wells 47' Driven wells 10 Deep wells. Flowing wells in drift 16 Deep drift wells, not flowing 62 Deep wells in rock, flowing 68 Deep wells in rock, not flowing 191 Total 547 The number of samples of water of each division analyzed, does not represent in any way the relative amount of each class of water used in the State. Surface waters serve by far the greatest number of people, including as they do, Lake Michigan and the Mississippi river. In fact the majority of the cities containing more than 10,000 inhabitants, obtain their water supply, as a whole, or in part, from streams. Deep rock wells serve the next greatest number, followed by the deep drift wells. TOWNS FROM WHICH SURFACE WATER HAS BEEN ANALYZED. Apple River, Cairo, East St. Louis, Grafton (2), Lewistown, Rockford (3), Aurora, Champaign, Elgin, Havana ( 3 ) , Paris, Rock Island, Averyville, Chicago (2), Farmington, Kankakee (3) : Pekin, Belleville, Danville, Galesburg, Kensington, Peoria, So. Bartonville, Streator. TOWNS FROM WHICH WATER FROM SPRINGS HAS BEEN ANALYZED. Abingdon (3), Bloomington, Carrollton (2), Clinton (4), Creal Springs, Decatur, Elgin (3), Franklin Grove, Glasford, Hamilton, Kewanee, Lewistown, Makanda (4), Marquette, Middlesworth (3), Murphysboro, Ottawa (2), Pulaski, Rock Island (2), Sidell, • Tallula, Waukegan, Alto Pass, Canton, Centralia (2), Cobden (2'), Crystal Lake, DeWitt, Elkhart, Freeport, Godfrey, Hoopeston, Kinmundy, Lexington, Manville, Marshall, Mill Shoals, Niota, Peoria (4), Quincy (2), 'osemond, Springfield (2), Tennessee, Wilmington, Ashland, Carlock, Cerro Gordo, Colchester, Cutler, Dixon, Elmhurst, Galesburg, Grafton, Huntsville, Knoxville, J^ibertyville, Maquon, Mattoon, ' Mossville, Oconee (3), Pisgah, Ripley, Salem, Sterling (3), Tolono, Winchester (2), Belleville, Carlyle, Claremont (2), Cooksville, Danville, DuQuoin, Fairbury, Geneseo, Granville, Jacksonville (8) LaSalle (2), London Mills, Markham, Menard, Mt. Vernon (2), Odell, Piano, Rochelle (2), Shawneetown, Sumner, Vandalia (6), Wyoming. MINERAL CONTENT OF WATERS. [BULL. NO. 10 TOWNS FROM WHICH WATER FROM DRIVEN WELLS LESS THAN 50 FEET DEEP HAS BEEN ANALYZED. Carpentersville, Chillicothe, Herrin, Lewistown, Marshall, Mt. Pulaski, Russell, Shelbyville. Urbana (2), TOWNS FROM WHICH WATER FROM DUG WELLS HAS BEEN ANALYZED. Assumption, Cerro Gordo, DuQuoin, Greenville, LaMoille, Morgan Park, Oquawka, Springfield, Bloomington, Chrisman, Farmington, Gridley (2), Macomb, Mt. Vernon, Pana, Urbana (2), Bushnell, Clayton, Forrest, Hillsboro, Mapleton, Neunert, Piper City Villa Ridge, (2), Camden, Creal Springs (3) Grafton, La Harpe, Milton, Olney, Richview, Waverly. TOWNS FROM WHICH WATER FROM FLOWING WELLS IN DRIFT HAS BEEN ANALYZED. Ashland, Newman (2), Roanoke, Bell Air, Lexington, Oakwood, Clinton, Gilman (2) Liberty ville (2), McHenry, Palatine, Paris (Zj. TOWNS FROM WHICH WATER FROM DEEP DRIFT WELLS HAS BEEN ANALYZED. Algonquin, . Averyville, Clinton (2), Eureka, Flanagan, Hoopeston, Loda, Milo, Paxton (3), Rockford, Alton, Bluffs, Collinsville, Everett, Fort Hill, Hope, Macomb, Normal (2), Peoria (6), Strawn, Atlanta (2), Bristol Station, Downs, E. St. Louis (2), Havana (2), Kinmundy, Marshall, Omega, Poag, Tolono (2), Atwood (2), Champaign, Dwight (2), Farmer City, Hennepin, Lock Haven, Mattoon (2), Ona'rga (4), Rantoul, Urbana (4). TOWNS FROM WHICH WATER FROM FLOWING WELLS IN ROCK HAS BEEN ANALYZED. Algonquin, Batavia, Cairo . (7), Elgin (2), Hamilton, Hyde Park, LaSalle, Montgomery (3), Oregon, Peoria (2), Roanoke, . Sterling (2), Amboy, Belvidere, Carbondale, Evanston, Hennepin, Jacksonville (3), Lewistown, Mound City (4), Ottawa (3), Peru, Rock Island, Warrenville, Arenzville, Bristol Station, Carlyle, Fairfield, Highland Park Joliet, Marseilles, Oak Park, Palestine, Petersburg, So. Elgin, Aurora (3), Bureau, East Moline, Gilman, (2) Hillsboro, Lake Forest, Milan, umaha, Paris, Quincy (2), Spring Valley. BARTOW.J SOURCE OF SAMPLES. TOWNS FROM WHICH WATER FROM DEEP WELLS IN ROCK HAS BEEN ANALYZED. Abingdon, Astoria, Bement, Berwyn, Brushy, Camp Point, Carpentersville, Chicago (4), Deerfield, Dwight, Fairfield, Glen Ellyn, Hinsdale, Joliet (4), Kell, Lake Forest (4). Maiden, Minonk, Mt. Morris, New Burnside, Parkersburg, P]ainfield, Red Bed, Rockford (3), Russell, Sparta, Stone Fort (2), Tonica, Warren, Winfield, W T oodstock, Aiedo, Aurora, Biackstone, Bushnell, Canton, Carrier Mills, Chrisman, DeKalb (2), Eldorado Twp., Forest Glen (2), Grant Park, Kampsville, Kewanee (6), La Moille, Marion (2), Momence, Mt. Sterling (3), North Chicago, Paw Paw, Payson (see Quin cy), Polo (2), Riverside (2), Romeoville, Shawneetown, Staunton, Streator (6), Tuscola (2), Wenona, Winnetka, Wyoming (3), Altamont (2), Batavia (2), Bradford, Byron (2), Carbondale (2), Carrollton (2), Cisne, Dundee, Elgin (2), Galesburg ( 3 ) , Harrisburg (7), Ipava ( 2 ) , Kankakee (4), Knoxville (3), Lena (2), Haywood, Morrison, Mt. Vernon, Odell, Peoria (3), Pontiac (2), Robinson, Roseville (2), Sheldon, St. Charles (3), Stronghurst, Vermont, West Chicago (2) Woodbine (2), Ashkum, Belleville, Brereton, Cambridge, Carmi, Chandlersville (2) : Collinsville (2), DuQuoin, Everett, Gilman, Highland, Jersey ville (2), Keensburg, Lake Bluff (2), Macomb (3), Mendon, Moweaqua, Neponset, Paris (2), Peotone, Quincy (3), Rochelle, Rushville, South Elgin (2),. Stockton, Tamaroa, Waltham Twp., Wilmington, Woodhull (2). MINERAL CONTENT OF WATERS. [bull. no. 10 GEOLOGICAL CLASSIFICATION OF THE WATERS OF ILLINOIS. [By J. A. Udden.] Source of the Ground Water. Primarily the source of all the waters of the State is the rainfall in the Mississippi valley. For the northern part of the State this is equal to a layer nearly thirty-four inches in thickness, for the middle part •of the State it is a little more than thirty-six and a half inches, and for ihe southern part of the State it is almost forty-one inches, averaging annually for the entire State, during the time it has been observed, 36.59 inches. A large part of this water is lost by evaporation, especially dur- ing the warmer months. Some twenty per cent of the total rainfall is drained away by the streams. The remainder enters the ground and slowly sinks, either to reappear on the surface as springs at other places, or to slowly seep under its own pressure in the direction of least resist- ance. The run off in the basin of the Illinois river is estimated at eight inches for the year. It can hardly be less than this for other parts of the State. Recent Lowering of the Head of the Ground Water. It is clear that great changes in the run-off have taken place since the first settling of this country more than fifty years ago. The drainage is at the present time more perfect, and hence much more prompt, than it was at the time when the original vegetation still covered the native prairies. Tliis vegetation retained the water of the heavy showers dur- ing summer. At the present time such showers more frequently than before cause the gullies and creeks to overrun their banks. The best evidence of this greater run-off at the present day is to be seen in the recent deepening of many channels of the smaller streams, and in the universal appearance of gullies on upland slopes, which were originally ■even and smooth. The same change is also to be noted in the disap- pearance of shallow surface ponds, which in the days of the early settle- ments seldom failed to form on the level uplands during the months of greatest rainfall in the spring and early summer. Another cause for this change is the construction of drained wagon roads and drainage ditches made for the reclamation of lowlands. Whether the loss of water by evaporation has been increased or diminished by this same change in- cident to the immigration of the present inhabitants, it is difficult to udden.J WATER-BEARING FORMATIONS. y say. On the one hand the cover afforded the ground by the native vege- tation would appear to have retarded evaporation, but on the other hand this protection may have been counter-balanced by a still greater in- crease of evaporation from a luxurious foliage. On the whole, evapor- ation is probably greater now than before, and this increase is very likely greater in the southern part of the State than in the northern. With an undoubted augmentation of the run-off and with a probable increase in the amount of water evaporated, the general lowering of the level of the ground water is easily accounted for. A sinking of this level is everywhere conspicuous. The first settlers on the prairies in- variably found a sufficient quantity of water in shallow surface wells. Springs were everywhere more common than at the present day. With the lowering of the level of the ground water many of these springs have run dry. The shallow wells have mostly either been deepened or they have become useless, and at the present time the average depth of the country wells will exceed that of the wells of the early days by at least twenty feet. The Water-Bearing Formations. The water which enters the ground and seeps in the direction of least resistance enters the successive formations and sinks to unknown depths. Through the more pervious strata the percolation is most rapid. Even the most compact rocks allow some seeping, although it goes on at an ex- ceedingly slow rate. In clays and shales the seeping proceeds so slowly that a sufficient quantity of water can never be obtained from these strata. Sandstone and some limestone allows the water a. more free passage, and such strata furnish the waters in all of our deep wells. These rocks constitute our true water-bearing formations. The Potsdam Sandstone, The lowest formation furnishing water in this State is the Potsdam sandstone. This is a formation to the Cambrian age, and it underlies all the other sedimentary rocks of the State. The Potsdam sandstone does not come to the surface anvwhere in this State, but it outcrops in the central part of Wisconsin, where it forms a crescent shaped area be- ginning on the Menominee river on the east, extending southward to Madison and Prairie Du Chien and from there northwest to the region of the St. Croix river. The average elevation of the land in this area of outcrop, is about 1,000 feet above the sea level, or a little more than 200 feet above the average, elevation of the northern part of the State of Illinois. We may consider this region as the intake area of the Potsdam sandstone, for it is evident that the water yielded by the formation further. south enters it in this territory. and follows it under the ground in its course southward and downward. In the state of Wisconsin the Cambrian formation has a thickness of 1.000 feet, and it probably main- tains this under the greater part of Illinois, The materials of which it is composed consist of sandstone and sandy shale, frequently of reddish 10 MINEEAL CONTENT OF WATERS. [bull. no. 10- color, and there are also some strata of calcareous rocks. In the well made at Loekport, the following section of strata belonging to this horizon has been observed, beginning at a depth of about 1,250 feet. ■ Potsdam Sandstone at Lockport. Feet. Sandstone 75 Sandy shale 220 Shale 35 Shale and red marl 230 Sandstone 51 Total 686 Another section was penetrated by a well made by the Joliet Steel Mills and this was as below: Section of the Potsdam Kock in the Well of the Joliet Steel Mill. Feet. Sharp sandstone 175 Blue shale 50 Shaly limestone 125 Shale ; . . . 230 Total • 580 In the western part of the State this formation has been entered by some wells in Kock Island and at Aledo. In the Kock Island well, the Potsdam section was penetrated only to the depth of some 370 feet, and the section is given as follows : Section of the Potsdam Kock in the Mitchell & Lynde Well, Kock Island. Feet. Compact sandstone and shale 30 Sandy limestone 35 Sandstone 130 Shaly limestone and shale 75 Sandstone 97 Total 367 The formation was entered at a depth of about 1940 feet. From these figures it is clear that this formation dips to the south at the rate of about ten or twelve feet to the mile. In the southern half of the State it is practically out of reach, except for a small area in Calhoun and Jersey counties where, by an abrupt fold, it is brought nearer to the surface, and for a tract extending in a northwest-southeast direction through La Salle and Livingston counties where another fold elevates all the formations lying on the east side. The head of the Potsdam water is higher than that of any other ar- tesian flow in the region. Drillers usually figure that it will flow forty feet higher than the water from the St. Peter sandstone. But the head UDDEN.] WATER-BEAEING FORMATIONS. 11 is not every where the same. It varies as much as 100 feet for different parts of the State. Even in limited areas slight variations are noted. Thus in the eastern part of the State, it rises to an elevation of 595 feet above the sea in the Consumers' Ice Company Well in Chicago, while in the Oak Park waterworks, it rises to 610 feet, and in the Biverside waterworks its head is reported as 596 feet. In the western part of the State, the head approaches a level of 650 feet at Geneseo, while in Catlings well at Ottawa it rises to 705 feet. The elevation of the head at Minooka is 660 feet. It is believed that the head of this water in the wells of the western part of the State would reach a level of 700 feet, if the wells were properly cased, so as to prevent the Potsdam water from entering the overlying formations. The formation being deep as well as extensive, and having a large area of exposure to the north, its water contents far exceeds the capacity of the wells so far sunk into it. The water is somewhat salty, but is pure enough for use in the north- ern part of the State. In the deeper wells the quantity of salt increases. For this reason some of the wells entering the formation do not extend very far into it. In one instance the deepening, of a well 100 feet ren- dered the water undesirable on account of its increased saltiness. In this case the well was saved by shutting off the flow from the lower part, the yield from the unner part of the formation being sufficient for the pur- pose desired. It would thus appear that the saltiness increases with the depth in one and the same stratum, and this has been explained as being due to the specific gravity of the material dissolved. The Lower Magnesian Lime-stone, The Lower Magnesian limestone is the next higher horizon which has been found to yield water. Though this formation is known as a lime- stone, it is in some places to a considerable extent made up of sandy strata. It varies in thickness from about 400 feet in the eastern part, of the State to 800 feet along the Mississippi river. The main area of out- crop of this formation is likewise in the state of Wisconsin, but it also has a small exposure on the Illinois river east of La Salle. In the eastern part of the State it is apparently replaced by considerable amounts of shaly material, with which are associated some sand and some calcareous layers, but in western wells it consists largely of limestone and sandstone and the latter yields considerable amounts of water. This difference in the composition of the formation is well illustrated by the following two sections : Section of the Lower Magnesian Books in the Lockport Well. Feet. Limestone 12 Red marl 33 Sandy limestone 20 Green shale 330 Total 395 12 MINERAL CONTENT OF WATERS. [bull. no. 10 Section of the Lower Magnesian Formation in the Well at Book Island. Feet. Limestone with some strata of sand 811 The water supplied by this limestone is as a rule more free from im- purities than that of other deep waters in the State. It supplies a great number of the wells in the city of Ottawa and in the surrounding coun- try. West of La Salle this formation lies at the depth of about 1800 feet, but it gradually rises toward the Mississippi. It contains no single well marked horizon of water, but the supply is irregularly distributed through its thickness in sandy strata. In the western part of the State where the formation consists mainly of lime, the flow is not very marked, and no wells have been made which rely upon its flow, except in the city of Princeton. The flow is nowhere very strong, and the quantity is more limited than that of either the Potsdam or the St. Peters sand- stones. The St. Peters Sandstone. Owing to the moderate depth at which it can be reached, the St. Peters sandstone has been more often tapped by deep wells than any other rock in the State. This formation is not as thick as the water- bearing strata which have just been described, but its development is uniform, and geographically it is very extensive, underlying wide areas in Wisconsin, Indiana, Illinois, Minnesota, Iowa, and Missouri. It is a very pure sandstone, consisting of well rounded quartz grains, mod- erately coarse. For the most part it is destitute of any cement material between the grains, and this renders its texture open and gives it a great capacity for holding water, which is freely yielded when the rock is tapped. It overlies the Lower Magnesian limestone from which it is often separated by several feet of varicolored clays. In thickness it varies from 100 to more than 200 feet, as may be seen in the following records of wells made along the line across the State from Kock Island to Chicago. Thickness of the St. Peters Sandstone in the Northern Part of the State. Feet. Rock Island 145 Moline 216 Milan 195 East Moline 220 Geneseo . , 220 Princeton 116 LaSalle 175 Ottawa 130 Marseilles 200 Peddicord's well, near Marseilles 275 Seneca •... . 220 Joliet 200 LockDort . . 210 Blue Island 115 Chicago Heights 200 Union Stock Yards 155 Goose Island 60 13 STATE GEOLOGICAL. SURVEY. BULL. NO. 10, PLATE 1. Geological map of Illinois. (After Leverett by courtesy of the U. S. Geological Survey.) 14 MINERAL CONTENT OF WATERS. [bull. no. 10 In the western part of the State, the St. Peters sandstone some times includes a shaly stratum near its middle portion, and in most places the formation is overlain hy a dark clay which occasionally is slightly oily. The principal intake area of this formation is in southern Wisconsin, in the southeast part of Minnesota, and in some limited localities in this State. It comes to the surface in the south central part of La Salle county in the Illinois river valley and in the valley of Rock river in Ogle county. Another small outcrop has been found on the Mississippi river in Calhoun county. At all of these points it has been elevated by the folding already spoken of as effecting the Lower Magnesian and the Pots- dam formations. Elsewhere it is covered by later sediments, but its position and the depths at which it may be found bv drilling are fairly well known from explorations which have been made in the northern two-thirds of the State. In his report 1 on the water resources in Illinois, Mr. Frank. Leverett, presents a map in which the position of the St. Peters sandstone is indi- cated for the entire State. According to this map it lies mainly above the level of the sea in a triangular area extending from the northern boundary of the State and converging to a point near the center of Liv- ingston county. Over this tract it is hence within a distance of about 800 feet below the surface of the ground, rising toward the north and northwest and sinking in the opposite direction. In the two or three tiers of counties which lie nearest the Mississippi river from Clinton, la., to Quincy, and in the country between the Illinois and the Mississippi south of this latter place, it lies mainly within 500 feet below the level of the sea, clipping to the southeast. It is hence encountered yt depths of from 1200 to 1400 feet. In about the same position it is also found under a belt of land some fifty miles wide, extending from Highland Park past Chicago and Kankakee to TJrbana, and in the proximity of the Mississippi and the Ohio rivers along the southern boundary of the State. Under the remaining large tract in the south and the south central part of the State the St. Peters sandstone probably lies more than 500 feet below the sea. Its actual position is less accurately known for this region. The quality of the St. Peters water is good. In some wells it has been found to be somewhat sulphurous, probably from the presence of iron sulphides in the overlying shale, but it is usually not salty, except at some points in the southern part of the State. The supply is quite copious, but it has been noticed that in some places where many wells draw water from this source, its head has been slightly lowered. The head of the water in the St. Peters sandstone approaches, on the Rock Island and Chicago section, 600 feet above sea level. But it varies considerably, and rises somewhat with an increasing elevation of the land, as may be seen from, the following table : 1 U. S. Geological Survey, 17th Annual Report, p. 2. udden.] WATER-BEARING FORMATIONS. 15 Head or the St. Peters Water. Feet. Barry 625 Chicago, Stock Yards well 590 Chicago, Morgan Park water works 595 Chicago, Harvey water works 59 ? t Galesburg 635 Lake Forest 700 Lemont 656 Marseilles 500 Mendota 700 Milan 634 Moline, paper mills 646 Moline, Prospect Park 636 -East Moline 615 Rock Island, Atlantic brewery 647 Rock Island, Mitchell & Lynde -644 Wilmington 586 Wilmington 600 At De Kalb the head of this water is considerablv above that in the wells enumerated in the foregoing table, and it ranges from 772 to 844 "feet above the sea. At Elgin the St. Peter water rises to 740 feet. The Trenton-Galena Formation. Many wells have been made which draw their water from some part •of the 400 feet of limestone overlying the St. Peters sandstone. Usually this water is found in a horizon at about 250 feet above the St. Peters sandstone, but in many instances it has been reached as much as one hundred feet higher up than this, and sometimes it is found considerably deeper than the middle of the formation. This water is not confined to any regular stratum but evidently follows joints and cavernous pas- sages in the rock. The lower one hundred feet of the formation, which is usually spoken of as the Trenton limestone in a restricted sense, is a •calcareous, thinly bedded, and somewhat clayey limestone, and it is not as open in texture as the upper part of the formation. This is nowhere known to have yielded any water. The water bearing rock, which is limited to the upper three hundred feet, is a magnesian limestone of more porous texture. Its flow is frequently as strong as that of the St. Peters water, and its head seems to be about the same. But this water is often found to be highly charged with hydrogen sulphide, and this circumstance sometimes renders it disagreeable to the taste and limits its use as a potable water. Head of the Trenton-Galena Water. Feet. Carbon Cliff 675 Chicago 690 Rock Island 645 As this water-bearing horizon lies above the St. Peters rock it is not always necessary to go down to the latter formation in order to secure ■a good well. This is especially true for the western part of the State, 16 MINERAL CONTENT OF WATERS. [bull. no. 10 where it has been encountered at depths varying from five hundred to a thousand feet. As these two formations are conformable, the dip for both is the same, the upper rock following the lower in the folds and dips which have already been described. The Niagara Limestone. The Trenton-G-alena limestone is overlain by the Cincinnati shale, which forms an impervious cover, confining the water below it. There are some sandy layers in this shale, but it is nowhere known to have furnished any water. It appears to be everywhere barren in this respect. It is in turn capped by the Niagara limestone, which is about 400 feet in thickness in the northern part of the State, and somewhat less than this farther south. The upper two hundred feet of this limestone is of a porous and open texture and frequently furnishes abundant water. It is exposed to the surface and underlies the drift in a crescentic belt on the east side of the Mississippi river from Jo Daviess county to the rapids above Eock Island. It also underlies the drift over a more ex- tended belt in the northeast corner of the State, covering the greater part of McHenry county, all of Lake county, and extends along the west border of Lake Michigan as far as Kankakee river. Three small areas occur in the western part of Union and Alexander counties. In all of these localities wells measuring from fifty to two hundred feet are sunk into this limestone. The formation is probably continuous under most of that part of the State which is south of Green river, and it can be reached at depths varying from two hundred to one thousand feet, but it is not believed that many of the deep wells made in his region are supplied from this formation. At Carthage a water bed is reported at 750 feet, which probably belongs in the Niagara, and at Fort Madison, Iowa it is reported at from 610 to 687 feet. At Hamilton, Hancock county, Illinois, it is reported at 653 feet. At Peru, Illinois in the Zinc Company well, it was found at the depth of 750 feet and furnished some water. The quality of the water from this horizon appears to be some- what variable and is often too salty for general use. As the area, of out- crop of this limestone occurs in regions which are no higher than the general level of the State, the head of this water is low and it flows only when tapped in the lowest valleys. But the yield is abundant and a great number of pumped wells take their supplv from this formation where it is the country rock and lies at a small depth under the drift. The Devonian Strata. The Devonian rocks have a limited extent in this State, not fully known. They underlie at least a part of the rocks of the Carboniferous age and outcrop at the surface over an area which perhaps does not exceed 300 square miles in Eock Island, Calhoun, Union, and Alexander counties. The Devonian is unimportant as a water bearing formation, but it is believed to be the source of a flow which was encountered at a depth of 350 feet in a well at Beardstown. udden.] watee-beaeing foemations. 17 The Mississippian or Lower Carboniferous Eocks. The Mississippian or Lower Carboniferous rocks overlie the Devonian beds in the southern two-thirds of the State. They consist mostly of limestone with sandy strata and the latter are the chief source of water in this formation. But these water bearing strata have few places of outcrop at the surface and hence their intake area is very limited. Two wells at Eedbud and one well at Sparta are reported to draw their supply from this source, but this rock must otherwise be regarded as of com- paratively little importance so far as it has been explored for water. The Coal Measures. The fact that the southern two-thirds of the State are underlain by the Coal Measures is a most significant circumstance relative to the quality and quantity of our water supply. These deposits consist largely of shale with alternating limestones and sandstones and with seams of coal. The impervious shaly material probably makes up four-fifths of the entire formation, and for this reason much of the country underlain by the Coal Measures is unprofitable to the prospector for water. The lime- stones are mostly quite compact and impervious so as not to readily yield to the solvent action of the percolating water. Eeliance must be placed on the sandstones only. But these are frequently associated with carbonaceous materials which are apt to contain impregnations of various mineral salts, such as sulphides of iron and of magnesia, in con- siderable abundance. In this way we find that whatever water can be secured from the sandstones of the Coal Measures cannot always be used for the purposes desired. The sandy strata are most frequently present in the lower two hundred feet of the formation. On the west side of the State these come to the surface in a belt which extends from Eock Island county to Union county, approaching the Mississippi to a varying distance of from ten to sixty miles. To the north and the east the border of the formation runs through Henry, Bureau, La Salle, Livingston, Ford, and Iroquois counties. The surface of the land within these belts has a lesser average elevation than the land over the greater part of the region which the formation covers. From this circumstance it will be clear that the conditions necessary for pro- ducing a flow from the included sandstones must be very exceptional. Such flowing wells are confined exclusively to the lowest valleys in the region. The well in the C. E. I. & P. depot at Bureau Junction is of this kind. Its waters contain a large amount of sulphate of magnesia, and this mineral is perceptible to the taste. The Pleistocene Formations. Except in the five counties of the southernmost part of the State and in JoDaviess county at the northwest, the drift is everywhere present, over- lying the older rocks which we have already described. It has an aver- age thickness of fifty feet but measures more than a hundred feet over —2 G 18 MINERAL CONTENT OF WATERS. [bull. no. 10 an area of about one-third of the State, Most of the thick drift lies • to the northwest of the center of the State. In parts of Bureau county it measures 400 feet. By far the greater number of wells draw their supply from the drift, and from an economic point of view the drift is by far the most important of all our water bearing formations. For practical purposes we may consider the drift as consisting of three different parts: 1. Boulder clay. 2. Alluvial drift. , 3. Loess. It is desirable to here present a brief description of the occurrence of water in each of these three kinds of drift. Boulder Clay. — The boulder clay is quite generally known as "blue clay." Some well makers call it "hard pan," and others refer to it as "stony clay" or "pebbly clay." It consists of a compact mass of fine clay, with which are mixed grains of sand, pebbles, and larger frag- ments of rock. The latter are called boulders, and they give the clay its geological name. It is the least sorted of all formations, and we find in its mass the finest clay packed close together in the interstices among the coarser materials. It is hence very impervious to water, and no good wells can be made in the boulder clay if this does not contain any sandy strata. In regions where the boulder clay is heavy and where no sandy layers can be reached ■underneath, it is neces- sary to make the wells deep and wide in order to secure even a moder- ately large quantity of water from seepage. Sometimes open wells are made ^a.nd set with" brick, and from the bottoms of these wells tunnels are extended laterally into .the clay, twenty to thirty feet in length, and these are also set with brick. By this -tunneling a larger seepage sur- face is secured. In other localities where the boulders are not too frequent and where the boulder clay is somewhat less compact, wells are made by large augers, two feet in diameter, and afterward set with large tile. But quite often the boulder clay contains strata of sand. In some localities these may be very extensive and are then usually the main re- liance for a good water supply. Even when such layers are no more than one or two feet thick, they may furnish a large quantity of water. They vary in coarseness from very fine sand to graved, and they may run their course in the boulder clay from a few rods to several miles. Many of them, no doubt, draw their supply of water from the boulder clay by seepage; while in other localities the more extensive strata, ap- parently come up to the surface and are at least partly filled more directly by the rainfall. When water is abundant from such sandy strata wells are frequently bored and then cased with iron tubing or with tile. As compared with other sediments the drift is exceedingly variable in its nature and texture. The sandy strata may be absent or present. In short distances they may change from coarse to fine material and as rapidly thin out or fail altogether, and they may rise or sink in the formation to which they belong. As a consequence, we find that the drift is a rather unreliable source of water. Because a successful well has been made at one point it can never with certainty be predicted that an equally good well can be made within a short distance from the sue- udden.] MINEKAL CONTENT OF WATERS. 19 cessful well. The sunrjly is apt to vary greatly in short distances. As a rule drift wells will not overflow. The height to which the water rises in a seepage well is presunlably the level of the ground water. But in places where water is drawn from an extensive gravel or from some sandy stratum under the clay, it sometimes happens that flowing wells can be made. This is due to the existence of the usual artesian condi- tions. The water bearing sands have an intake area at a point where the level of the ground water lies higher than the curb of the flowing well. In every case such instances of artesian wells of the cfrift lie in regions where the topography of the drift has a considerable range of altitude. The artesian basins of this kind are always of a much more limited extent than similar basins in the older and more deep lying rocks. The principal known occurrences of artesian drift wells in Illinois are as below: 1. In the valley of a tributary to Bureau creek about six miles southeast 'of Princeton, in Bureau county. 2. A small tract in the southwest corner of DeKalb county. 3. In the valley of the Kishwaukee river northwest of Sycamore, DeKalb county. 4. A small area a little south of the center of Lake county. 5. Two small areas in the west arm of Cook county, some eight or ten miles east of Elgin. 6. A tract in the center of Kendall county along the valley of a tributary to Fox river at Yorkville. 7. In the valley of the Big Vermilion in the southeast corner of Champaign county and in the northwestern part of Vermilion county. 9. A large area in Iroquois county, covering fully one-half of this county, lying mostly in the center but with arms extending into Indiana on the east, Kankakee county on the north, and Ford county on the west. The quality of the water from the boulder clay varies with the nature of the drift. Generally it is hard water, containing considerable quanti- ties of carbonates of lime, magnesia and iron. Alluvium. — The alluvium deposits consist of gravels, sands afnd silt, which fill the bottoms that have been made by the present drainage of the country. These sands and gravels are always stratified and of a clean and open texture. The associated silts are somewhat more com- pact but invariably contain sandy layers at greater or less depth. The water held in the alluvial deposits may be regarded as being a part of the water of the streams. It often has the same head as the water in the open channel. Farthest out on the sides of the valleys it may be slightly higher. Almost everywhere on the so-called first and second bottoms of the larger streams, water can be obtained at no great depth from the sands of this drift. The supply is invariably abundant except- ing in the smaller streams where it may run low in dry seasons. The most common way to reach the water on such lands is to make "driven wells/ 7 Their construction is cheap as well as easy. A screened point is attached to an iron rjiDe and this is driven down to a denth of from twenty to sixty feet, where the sand is reached. A pump is then at- tached to the upper end of this tube. The well maker must of course see to it that the valve of the pump is sufficiently far down to draw the 20 MINERAL CONTENT OF WATERS. [bull. no. 10 water from the head below. Where the water does not rise within twenty- five feet of the surface it is then necessary to widen the well above, so as to allow the lowering of the suction valve to the requisite depth. While the supply of water furnished by the river drift is usually as pure as the water of the boulder clay it is in some localities quite heavily charged with salts of iron. Some alluvial waters have a strongly chaly- beate taste. When left to stand in open troughs the water from many of these wells becomes turbid from. the oxidation of these salts. In other localities the water may have an oily taste, due to the presence of an- cient vegetation. Owing to the ready flow of the ground water in these loose sands it is quite liable to be contaminated from surface seepage. Loess. — In the southern and the western part of the State the up- lands are everywhere covered by a deposit called "loess." This is some- what like silt in texture, but it is much more open and porous than the common water silts. To well men it is usually known as "yellow clay" or, as in, the southern part of the State, "white clay." It varies from five to forty feet in thickness and probably averages on most up- lands where it occurs about twenty feet. Where the level of the upland is fairly flat, the loess is so porous as to permit the total rainfall to be absorbed and for some time stored. This is especially true of the region north and west of the Kaskaskia river. In the southern part of the State it is somewhat less porous and sheds more of the rainfall. The water which is thus absorbed slowlv sinks, until it reaches the boulder clay under the loess. This is much less open in its texture and thus the water is held on its surface in the lower part of the loess. Before the original vegetation was destroyed seep springs could everywhere be found at the level of the junction of these two form- ations in the western part of the State. Even at the present time many such springs >3main and the difference in the nature of the two formations is evident. During the rainy season many streams which come down from the upland loess and cut into the underlying boulder clay, show a greater quantity of water after they have reached the lower formation. The water stored in the lower part of the loess was usually sufficient for the needs of the wells of the first settlers, and it was seldom neces- sary to go below this level in the loess region for a permanent water supply. Even now the supply may hold out on some of the flat uplands in the counties covered by this deposit. But probably more than half of all the wells which once relied upon this formation have gone dry, owing to the general lowerinsr of the level of the ground water attendant upon the changes due to the coming of agriculture. The original sur- face of the boulder clay under the loess was not an even plain but must have had a somewhat diversified relief of its own, not always the same as that of the land today. Where the underground drainage following the upper surface of this old relief is favorable for the accumulation of water, these wells may be expected to remain permanent, but in situ- ations where this drainage is less hemmed in, the wells have already in many cases become dry. udden.] WATEE-BEARING FORMATIONS. 21 • The lower part of the loess, in which the water occurs, frequently has a dark or blue color. Well makers sometimes call this dark base of the loess "sea mud/' "Noah's P-arden," or ^grandmother's garden." These names have been suggested by the fact that the water bearing stratum contains various remains of plants, such as logs, roots, branches and leaves of trees and other plants. Occasionally there is even an odor of decaying vegetation and there may be an oil^ scum on the water, which may also hold considerable quantities of minerals in solution. This water is most often obtained by making open wells sunk down into the top of the boulder clay. Such wells may stand for many years without falling in, even when not protected by curbing. This stability of the loess is due to absence of horizontal stratification and. to the fact that all the joints which are found in this deposit, extend in a vertical direc- tion. Springs. Geologically considered, springs may be referred to one or the other of two groups: 1. Springs issuing from the drift, and 2. Springs issuing from the bed rock. The drift springs are the most numerous. A great number of small springs issue from the base of the loess, as has already been explained. Other springs issue from sandy and gravelly strata, which lie in the boulder clay or beneath it. Some of these' deeper .springs of the drift are of considerable size and some of them are asso- ciated with Artesian conditions, the water coming from strata which may lie in part at greater depths than the mouth of the spring and in part above this level. These springs usually maintain during the year a very ■steady temperature of about forty-nine or fifty degrees Fahrenheit. Chemically the water of the drift springs is variable, owing to the great local differences in the nature of the drift. Springs which issue from bed rock are mostly of shallow origin, as Tthe strata lie practically in a horizontal position over the entire strata. They represent the -outflow of water which has entered the drift and has sunk into the superficial layers of the bed rock, and which is follow- ing bedding planes and joints that lie above the valleys and drain into them,. For this reason we find most of these springs in the southern part of the State, where the drift is thinnest and the valleys deepest and most numerous. They are also common in the limestone region in the driftless area in the northwest corner of the State. Springs with a •deep underground source are believed to be few. In the absence of data on their temperature, indicating a deep origin, we may conclude that such springs must be confined to those limited tracts that exhibit violent folding of the bed rock. It has already been stated that such folded structure of the formations occurs in La Salle, Calhoun, Jersey, Union and Alexander counties. 22 MINERAL CONTENT OF WATERS. [bull. no. 10 CLASSIFICATION OF WATERS ACCORDING TO PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES. [By Edward Bartow.] General. When it is possible to determine the temperature, waters are some- times classified accordingly as thermal or non-thermal. Dr. A. CL Peale ] has suggested that springs having a temperature above 70° F. r should be classified as thermal, those from 70° to 98° F., be called tepid or warm, and all above 98° F., should be called hot. This seems, to us a very satisfactory method, but we are unable to thus classify the Illi- nois waters as no such data concerning them has been obtained. Numerous authors have* suggested various methods of classifying waters according to the chemical composition of the salts or gases which they contain. Some classification is certainly desirable. It is, how- ever, difficult to find a classification which will answer the requirements of all interested parties. We have deemed it best in this work, to assign the waters to no special class, but to report the ions and the hypothetical combinations, so arranged, that any person who desires to- compare similar waters, may easily do so. We submit an outline de- scribing some of the most important classifications for reference. 2 A GERMAN CLASSIFICATION. 3 Simple carbonated. I. Alkaline.. •{ Alkaline. Alkali and common salt. II. Glauber salt. Pure. III. Iron { Alkaline and saline. Earthy and saline. Simple. IV. Common salt ■{ Concentrated. With bromine. V. Epsom salts. VI. Sulphur. VII. Earthy and calcareous. VIII. Indifferent. 1 United States Geological Survey, Fourteenth Annual Report, p. 68. 2 Compare Crook, The Mineral Waters of the United States, New York, 1899, p. 28. 3 McPherson, John. The Baths and Wells of Europe. London, 1S69, p. 94. BARTOW.] CLASSIFICATION OF WATERS. 23 A FRENCH CLASSIFICATION. 1 T CSnlnhnr watf»r* J With SaltS ° f SOdium. I. Sulphur waters j With salts of lime. I Simple. II. Chloride of sodium waters < With bicarbonates. ( Sulphureted. ( Bicarbonate of soda. III. Bicarbonated waters < Bicarbonate of lime. ( Mixed bicarbonates. [Sulphate of soda. IV. Sulphated waters 1 iffiSI S'f 'Snesium. l^Mixed sulphates. . I Bicarbonated. V. Ferruginous waters... < Sulphated. ( With salts of manganese. AN AMERICAN CLASSIFICATION. 2 (Mixed chemical and therapeutical.) I Pure. I. Alkaline waters ■< Acidulous (carbonic acid). ( Muriated (chloride of sodium). ( Pure. II. Saline ] Alkaline. ( Iodo-bromated. i Alkaline. III. Sulphur waters •< Saline (chloride of sodium). I Calcic. fPure. I Alkaline. IV. Chalybeate -{ Saline (chloride of sodium). | Calcic. '^Aluminous. ( Epsom salt (sulphate of magnesium). V. Purgative waters ■< Glauber salt (sulphate cf soda). ( Alkaline. VI Calcic waters \ Limestone (carbonate of lime). I Gypsum (sulphate of lime). fPure. | Alkaline. VII. Thermal waters -{ Saline (chloride of sodium). | Sulphur. LCalcic. AN ENGLISH CLASSIFICATION. 3 I. Simple thermal waters. V. Iron or chalybeate waters. II. Common salt or muriated waters. VI. Arsenic waters. III. Alkaline waters. VII. Sulphur waters. IV. Sulphated alkaline waters. VIII. Earthy or calcareous waters. These classifications are faulty in that the various divisions are not sufficiently distinctive, and many waters could be placed in two or more classes. The scheme of Dr. Albert C. Peale 4 overcomes this difficulty as no waters can fall into more than one of his main classes. Dr. Peale makes no provision for the difference in concentration of the various waters. Waters of the same relative composition but varying greatly in con- centration are not distinguished. 1 iDictionaire des Eaux Minerales. Paris, 1860, Tome 1, page 403. 2 Walton's Mineral Springs of the United States and Canada, 1872, page 33. 3 Herman Weber, in Allbutt's System of Medicine, 1896, page 319. 4 United States Geological Survey, Fourteenth Annual Report, 1894, p. 66. 24 MJNEEAL CONTENT OF WATEES. [BULL. NO. 10 Peale's Classification. Group A. Nonthermal. Group B. Thermal. Class I. Alkaline. fSodic. Class II. Alkaline-Saline \ f^ated. | $&c. -{ Calcic. rin«5<5 TTT Saline i Sulphated. i Magnesic. Class 111. balme } Muriated. | Chalybeate. [.Aluminous. ( Sulphated. Class IV. Acid •< Muriated. c a„i„u„i.** ( SiliHnim i Sulphated. . Q&uicious... 1 Muriated. f Nongaseous. I Carbonated. -{ Sulphureted. I Azotized. LCarbureted. MODIFICATIONS OF PeALe's CLASSIFICATION. Crook 1 follows quite closely Peale's scheme, but substitutes a chaly- beate group instead of the acid group and adds a class of neutral or indifferent waters, to distinguish that class of waters in which there is but a small amount of mineral matter. Haywood 2 follows Peale very closely, making the method of classifica- tion more comprehensive by including more acids in his scheme. Haywood's Classification. Groups— Thermal. Nonthermal, Class. Subclass. f Carbonated or bi- *■ Valine ] B^eT^' fgggc. tSilicated. | lassie. (Sulphated. . I Ma?nesir' f Nongaseous. II. Alkaline— Saline ■{ Muriated. FprTii£ ? nnn« I Carbondioxattd. I Nitrated. -| l? n r m g n? r J Sulphureted. I aSS\? I Azotized. ( Sulphated. Rromir I Carbureted. III. Saline ^Muriated. t«h,> LOxygenated. 1 Nitrated. | |^ous. n , A ■ .. (Sulphated. I Boric. IV - Acid 1 Muriated. Blatchley 3 uses a modification of Peale's scheme leaving out the alka- line-saline class, substituting "chalybeate" for "acid," and adding a neutral indifferent group. BAILEY'S CLASSIFICATION. Bailey 4 suggests a grouping, based upon the predominant ions present as follows : I. Chlorid group, or those in which chlorin ion (CI) is the predomin- ant one. II. Sulfate group, or that in which there is a predominance of the sul- fate ion. III. The chlor-sulfate group, or waters which contain about equal amounts of sulphate and the chlorin ion. IV. The carbonate group, or those in which the carbonate ions (COS) are abundant. . l Crook, Mineral Waters of the United States, p. 30. 2 Haywood U. S. Department of Agriculture, Bureau of Chemistry, Bull. No. 91. 3 Blatchley, 26th Annual Report of the State Geologist of Indiana, 1901', p. 15. 4 Bailey, University Geological Survey of Kansas, Vol. 7, p. 98. bartow.J CLASSIFICATION OF WATEES. 25 V. The chlor-sulfo-carbonate group, or those containing considerable quan- tities of each of these ions. VI. The sulfid group, or those waters that give off hydrogen sulfid, and are commonly called sulfur waters. VII. The chalybeate or iron group. (This may also contain the few man- ganese waters). VIII. The special group, or those waters containing some special sub- stance, like lithium, borax, etc. IX. The soft water group, or those waters that contain only small quan- tities of any mineral substances. SWEITZER'S CLASSIFICATION". Sweitzer 1 suggests a classification based on the presence of acids, iron or sulphur. Schedule of Classification. Class I. Muriatic Waters. Waters containing, as their main constituents, sodium chloride or common salt. a. First Group. Waters containing, besides sodium chloride, also calcium chlor- ide, magnesium chloride, calcium - sulphate (magnesium sul- phate absent). b. Second Group. Waters containing" besides sodium chloride, also magnesium chloride, calcium sulphate (calcium chloride absent). c. Third Group. Waters containing besides sodium chloride, also magnesium sul- phate, calcium sulphate (calcium and magnesium chloride ab- sent). v Class II. Alkaline Waters. Waters containing sodium carbonate or magnesium carbonate. a. First Group. Waters containing sodium carbonate with or without magnesium carbonate. b. Second Group. Waters containing magnesium carbonate only. Class III. Sulphatic Waters. Waters containing one or more sulphates as their main constit- uent. a. First Group. Waters containing sodium sulphate or Glauber's salt. b. Second Group. Waters containing magnesium sulphate or Epsom salts. c. Third Group. Waters containing ferrous sulphate, ferric sulphate, aluminum sulphate, either singly or together. Class IV. Chalybeate Waters. Waters containing as their most efficient constituent some fer- rous carbonate. a. First Group. (Pure Chalybeate Waters), Waters containing ferrous carbonate, magnesium carbonate, sodium carbonate (magnesium sulphate and calcium sulphate absent). b. Second Group. (Saline Chalybeate Waters). Waters containing ferrous carbon- ate, magnesium carbonate, magnesium sulphate (sodium car- bonate and calcium sulphate absent). l Sweitzer, Missouri Geological Survey, Vol. 3, p. 25. 26 MINERAL CONTENT OF WATERS. [bull. no. 10 c. Third Group. (Semi-Chalybeate Waters). Waters containing ferrous carbon- ate, magnesium carbonate, magnesium sulphate, calcium sul- phate. (This latter, as explained previously, involves the ex- istence of ferrous sulphate). Class V. Sulphur Waters. This class might naturally be divided into three groups; waters containing sulphides only; waters containing sulphides and sulphydrates; and waters containing free sulphydric acid, sul- phides and other thio-compounds. CONCLUSIONS. Of these classifications, the schemes of Peale or of Haywood seem the best. It is a question, however, whether it is not better to consider the amount of the constitutents reported in the analysis, rather than to try to indicate the kind of content by a class name. For example, two waters containing respectively, 250 and 2,000 parts per million of mineral matter of the same relative composition, if classified, would fall in the same division. The class name would not give the reader an adequate idea of the relative properties of the waters. Both might be classified as, "carbonated, sodic, calcic, muriated, alkaline-saline/' The former would be a very satisfactory water. The latter would be a water too hard for household uses, and would contain so much salt that it would be evident to the taste. Another illustration of the difficulty of a classification according to the kind of content, is met with when we consider the purposes fqfr which an analysis of the mineral content is made. The physician wishes to know the therapeutic or physiological action, for example, to know whether a water contains sulphates of sodium or magnesium. These two salts have a similar therapeutic effect and the classification "sul- phatic," which would include waters containing either or both salts, would give the information desired. Such a classification does not suit the engineer or the chemist in charge of water softening. They must know the relative amount of the two salts, for the sodium sulphate would have little effect on a boiler, while the magnesium sulphate would be instrumental in forming a hard scale. Our scheme of reporting "ions" and "hypothetical combinations," is helpful to all parties. The physician or the mineral water therapist can note the predominance of ions, the engineer can see how the acid and basic ions balance each other, and the manufacturer can by inspection, tell whether substances harmful to his business are present, whatever the need for the water, whether in the manufacture of starch, paints, dyes, or dairy products, etc. The division into hypothetical combinations is of especial use to the engineer. As the ions are set off against each other, an excess of nitrate and chlorine ions over the sodium ions, indicates corrosive properties in the water. When the nitrate, chlorine and sulphate ions exceed the sodium, a tendency to form a hard scale is indicated, as the sulphate is left to combine with the magnesium or calcium. bartow.] CLASSIFICATION OF WATERS. 27 The character of treatment required, can also be determined from the hypothetical combinations; for example, when the nitrate, chlorine and sulphate ions exceed the sodium ions, magnesium sulphate will appear in the hypothetical combinations, ami enough sodium hydroxide or car- bonate must be added to react with it. When the sodium ions are in excess, it is shown by the appearance of sodium, carbonate in the hypo- thetical combinations and, of course, no sodium carbonate or hydroxide are needed. The appearance of either magnesium sulphate or sodium carbonate in the hypothetical combinations, divides the waters of the State in two groups, that seem to us so important, that we have prepared two maps to illustrate their relative distribution throughout the State. The sodium carbonate waters are seen on Plate 2, and the magnesium sulphate waters on Plate 3. In the chapter on Medicinal Springs of Illinois, Dr. Palmer has classi- fied the springs mentioned, according to Peale's method. This is the only chapter in which a classification according to any of the outlines given, has been attemped. 28 STATE GEOLOGICAL. SURVEY. BULL. NO. 10, PLATE 2. LEGEND • SPRINGS * SHALLOW DRIFT a DEEP DRIFT a SHALLOW POCK ■DEEP ROCK + STREAMS Illinois waters containing- sodium carbonate. STATE GEOLOGICAL* 'SURVEY. BUL-L. NO. 10, PLATE 3. LEGEND • SPRINGS a SHALLOW DRIFT ^ DEEP DRIFT a SHALLOW POCK ■DEEP ROCK + STREAMS Illinois waters containing- magnesium sulphate. 30 MINERAL CONTENT OF WATERS. [bull. no. 10 METHODS AND INTERPRETATIONS. [By Edward Bartow.] Methods of Analysis, sanitary. As soon as the samples are received at the laboratory the cloth which covers the stopper is removed, the stopper and neck of the bottle is cleaned, the contents are thoroughly shaken in order to mix them com- pletely and a little water is poured out in order to rinse off the neck and lip. The amounts required for the various determinations are then measured out. Determinations of those constitutents which are most susceptible to change are started. The sanitary determinations made are as follows: Turbidity and Sediment. — The determinations of turbidity and sedi- ment described in this report have been made by inspection. The terms "slight," "distinct," "decided," "much," and "very much" are used to indicate the degree of turbidity. The terms "very little," "little," "considerable," "much" and "very much," are used to roughly indi- cate the quantity of sediment. The methods recommended by the American- Public Health Association, 1 have been recently adopted in this laboratory. By this method, turbidity is reported on the so-called silica scale. The numbers represent the equivalents of parts per million of finely divided silica in, suspension. Artificial standards for comparison are used for turbidities below 100 and the electric turbidimeter for more turbid Waters. Color. — The color has been determined according to the Nessler scale. That is, the color has been compared to the tint developed in the Nessler standards. The figures correspond to the color formed in 50 c. c. of water by definite quantities of nitrogen as ammonia. Odor. — After shaking the sample thoroughly the stopper is quickly removed and the odor noted. In the more recent samples we have used the method of reporting recommended by the American Public Health Association. 2 1 Journal Infectious Diseases 1st supplement, p. 16. 2 Journal Infectious Diseases 1st supplement, p. 23. BARTOW. 1 METHODS OF SANITARY ANALYSIS. 31 In brief, -this method describes the odor as v — vegetable. m — Moldy, a — aromatic. M— musty, g — gassy. (^disagreeable, f — fishy. p — peaty, e — earthy. s — sweetish, and indicates the degrees of the odor bv figures 0-5 as follows: Numer- ical value. Term. Approximate Definition. None No odor perceptible. 1 Very faint An odor that would not be ordinarily detected by the average con- sumer, but that could be detected in the laboratory by an exper- ienced observer. 2 Faint An odor that the consumer might detect if his attention were called to it, but that would not otherwise attract attention. 3 Distinct An odor that would be readily detected and that might cause the water to be regarded with disfavor. 4 Decided An odor that would force itself upon the attention and might make the water unpalatable. 5 Very strong. .. An odor of such intensity that the water would be absolutely unfit to drink. (A term to be used only in extreme cases. Total Solids. — The total solids were determined by evaporating to dryness in a platinum dish upon a water bath a, suitable quantity of the water (from 100 cubic centimeters to 1 liter.) The dish and contents are then placed in an air bath and kept at 180 degrees centigrade for one hour or until the weight is essentially constant. Loss on Ignition. 1 — For the determination of "Loss on ignition" the device employed by the Massachusetts State Board of Health has been used. A platinum dish, which is somewhat larger than the one in which the total solids are contained, is heated to redness by a Bunsen flame, and the dish with the residue on evaporation is placed inside. The properly moderated temperature here attained is sufficient to bring the organic substances in the dish to a state of incandescence so that they are quite readily consumed. Usually, however, especially where very much organic matter is present, small particles of carbon are left in the residue and the contents of the dish remain dark in color. The temper- ature attained in this operation is sufficient to completely remove water from sulphates and to decompose the nitrates of calcium and mag- nesium. Thus even by this method the loss in weight resulting from the process cannot be looked upon as in any degree a definite or even an approximate measure of the quantity of organic matter present. The importance of the determination is largely limited to the general in- dications, i. e., the inferences which may be drawn from a blackening of the residue, the development of marked odors, or the evolution of colored fumes. Chlorine. — In determining chlorine the ordinary process of titration with standard silver nitrate solution has been used. The standard solu- tion is of such strength that one-tenth of a cubic centimeter represents I This test was discontinued in October, 1903. 32 MINERAL CONTENT OF WATERS. Lbull. no. 10 one part of chlorine in a million parts of water, when fifty cubic centi- meters of the water are taken for the determination. Many of the waters with which we have had to deal contain so little chlorine that it was necessary to concentrate them. In such cases, whatever the quantity taken, the volume has been brought to fifty cubic centimeters for the determination. 1 Usually when more than 5 c. c. of the standard solu- tion was required, less than 50 c. c. of the water was diluted to 50 c. c. with distilled water, or the chlorine was determined gravimetrically in a weighed portion of water. The indicator used is a potassium chromate solution, of which one cubic centimeter of five per cent strength is added to the iiquid to be tested. The end point is in all cases determined by comparison with a blank test. Oxygen Consumed. — One hundred cubic centimeters of the water are measured into an Erlenmeyer flask of two hundred and fifty cubic cen- timeters capacity. From two to five cubic centimeters according to the character of the water of pure concentrated sulphuric acid are added, , followed by ten cubic centimeters of standard potassium permanganate solution. After mixing thoroughly the flask is placed in a shallow bath of boiling water, and heated continuously for thirty minutes. By this method the temperature within the flask is raised almost to that of the water in the bath itself which is kept boiling briskly. In this way any considerable concentration by evaporation of the water in the flask, as also "bumping," which frequently results in the loss of the sample, is entirely avoided. At the end of thirty minutes digestion, the flask is removed, and exactly ten cubic centimeters of the standard ammonium oxalate solution is added. When the solution has become perfectly colorless, the excess of oxalic acid solution which has just been added, is determined by titration to a faint pink with the standard potassium permanganate. As the ammonium oxalate solution and the perman- ganate solution are of equivalent strength, only the permanganate used in the titration is considered. The strength of the reagent is such that one cubic centimeter of potassium permanganate solution is equivalent to one part per million of oxygen consumed by the water when one hun- dred cubic centimeters of the water sample have been taken for the de- termination. In some cases it happens that the ten cubic centimeters of potassium permanganate solution is all consumed in the oxidation of organic mat- ters contained in the water. Another test is then made, in which, instead of ten cubic centimeters, twenty or more are employed, the procedure otherwise being the same as above. Free and Albuminoid Ammonia. — In the determination of free or saline ammonia, round bottomed flasks of eight to nine hundred cubic centimeters capacity have been used. These are supported upon an as- bestos ring and heated by direct application of the Bunsen flame. The flasks are connected to the condensers by means of pure gum stoppers and a modified form of Beidmair & Stutsen's safety bulb, as designed by Hop- l Sometimes in highly colored or muddy waters it has been found necessary to clarify with aluminum hydrate and filter before the titration was made. BARTOW.] METHODS OF SANITARY ANALYSIS. 33 kins. The condensers consist of aluminium 1 tubes of three-eighths of an internal diameter, with a cooling surface 20 inches in length. The tubes pass through a galvanized iron tank through which a constant cur- rent of cold water is kept flowing. The apparatus is thorough! v steamed out, until free from ammonia, before each determination. Five hundred cubic centimeters of the water are used for the distillation. With waters containing little free am- monia, the collection of the distillate is made in four Nessler tubes of fifty cubic centimeters capacity in each of which the ammonia is deter- mined by nesslerization. The boiling is conducted at such a rate that each tube is filled in from eight to ten minutes. In some of the river waters and in manv of the deep well waters which have been examined there are very considerable quantities of free or saline ammonia. In such cases, the distillate is caught in flasks of two hundred* cubic centimeters capacity. After diluting to the mark and thoroughly mixing, the amount of ammonia in an aliquot portion is determined by nessleriza- tion. Albuminoid Ammonia. — The residue after distillation of the free ammonia is used for the determination of the albuminoid ammonia. Fifty cubic centimeters of alkaline permanganate solution are added and the distillation proceeded with, at the same rate as for free am- monia. The alkaline permanganate solution is made by adding eight grams of potassium permanganate and 200 grams of sodium hydroxide to 1,300 cubic centimeters of water and concentrating to one liter. The collection of the distillate is ordinarily made in Nessler tubes, but in some few cases, where much nitrogenous organic matter is present, the distillates have been caught in flasks as described above in the determination of free ammonia. Nesslerization. — A standard ammonium chloride solution is made of such strength that one cubic centimeter shall contain ammonium chloride corresponding to one one-hundredth of a milligram of nitrogen. Stand- ards for comparison in nesslerization are made from the standard am- monium chloride solution of the following strengths, i. e., the quanti- ties of standard ammonium chloride solution diluted to 50 c. c. with water are: 0.1, 0.2, 0.4, ' 0.6, 0.8, 1.0, 1.2, 1.4, 1.6, 1.8, 2.0, 2.5, 3.0, 3.5, 4.0, 4.5 and 5.0 cubic centimeters. Nessler tubes of colorless glass, of fifty cubic centimeters capacity and 7% inches long to the mark are used. In conducting the nesslerization, care is taken that the distillates and standards are all of the same temperature before adding the Nessler re- agent, . Commonly, distillates obtained in the afternoon are allowed to stand in a cool place until the next morning, before proceeding with the nesslerization. Twenty minutes are allowed for the development of the full color after the addition of the reagent, and the readings are taken within an hour. A camera is used in making comparisons. It consists of a black wooden box which cuts out all side lights and which is capable of holding twenty- seven tubes at one time. The tubes are illuminated from the bottom l In the earlier tests block tin tubes were used. Aluminium has been found to be very satisfactory. —3 G- 34 MINERAL CONTENT OF WATERS. [bull. no. 10 by means of a mirror reflecting the light from the north, and the read- ing is made by means of another mirror placed above the tubes and so arranged as to bring the image direct to the eye of the observer. This apparatus has been in use in the laboratories of the University of Illi- nois for years, and has always given satisfactory results. In determin- ing the color fifty cubic centimeters of water are placed in standard Nessler tubes and compared with the standard. The results of the determinations of all nitrogenous constituents of waters are stated in parts per million of nitrogen. Nitrogen as Nitrites.' — The fifty cubic centimeters of water used in the determination of color may be used for this test. One cubic centimeter of an acid solution of naphthylamine hydrochloride (8 grams of naph- thylamine, 8 cubic centimeters of ■ strong hydrochloric acid, and 992 cubic centimeters -of, water) and one cubic centimeter of a saturated solution of sulphanilic acid, in water containing five per cent of strong hydrochloric acid are added to the water in a Nessler tube. At the same time standards are prepared by diluting in other Nessler tubes known quantities of a standard solution of sodium nitrite to fifty cubic centi- meters and adding naphthylamine hydrochloride and sulphanilic acid in the same manner as the water to be examined. The standard solution of sodium nitrite is prepared from pure silver nitrite by reaction with sodium chloride, and contains in one cubic cen- timeter the equivalent of .0005 milligrams of nitrogen. Usually stand- ards are made containing 0.3, 0.6, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0 and 2.5, cubic centi- meters of the standard solution. Comparisons are made in not less than thirty minutes nor more than one hour after adding the reagent. Waters which are very turbid or deeply colored are clarified and decolorized by treatment with aluminium hydroxide before testing for nitrites. Nitrogen as Nitrates. — Determination of nitrates is begun as soon as possible after the water is received. A modification of the aluminium reduction method is used. One hundred cubic centimeters of the water are treated with two cubic centimeters of a thirty-three per cent nitrogen free sodium hydroxide solution. The mixture is boiled rapidly until reduced to a volume of 15 or 20 cubic centimeters, to remove the free ammonia. The concentrated mixture is rinsed into a test tube of about 80 c. c. capacity and is diluted to about fifty cubic centimeters by the addition of nitrogen free water. A piece of sheet aluminum four inches long and one-quarter inch wide and weighing .5 grams is then introduced and the tube allowed to stand over night in a comparatively cool place. The reduction of the nitrates to ammonia is ordinarily completed in the morning, when the examinations are continued. The solution with the strip of aluminium is rinsed into an 800 cubic centimeter Kjeldahl flask with 250 cubic centimeters of nitrogen free water. Two hundred cubic centimeters are distilled into a praduated flask and the free am- monia, produced by the reduction of nitrites and nitrates, is determined by nesslerizing an aliquot part of the distillate according to the method described under free and albuminoid ammonia. In calculating the nitrogen as nitrates, the nitrogen as nitrites is substracted from the total amount of nitrogen indicated by the Nessler test. bartow.] METHODS OF MINERAL ANALYSIS. 35 MINERAL, Determinations. — In determining the mineral content in the waters of Illinois in the laboratory of the State Water Survey, the following de- terminations have been made in all waters analyzed. iPottassium K Sodium Na Magnesium Mg Calcium Ca 2Aluminium AL0 3 Iron Fe 2Silicia or Silicious Matter Si0 2 or Si0 2 + 3Nitric Acid . N0 3 Hydrochloric Acid CI Sulphuric Acid S0 4 In a few cases the following determinations have been included : Lithium Li Phosphoric Acid P0 4 Manganese Mn The methods in use have been changed somewhat during the ten years covered by this report, but in general the methods employed are as follows : Measure accurately two portions of the water to be examined using such amounts as will give a residue of from 400 to 600 milligrams. The necessary amount of water is determined from the "residue on evapora- tion," if made, or by comparing the water to be examined with analyses of water of similar origin. It is not usual to use more than a liter, even though the residue should be less than 400 milligrams. Acidify both, parts with hydrochloric acid and evaporate to dryness in platinum dishes on the water bath. Heat the residues in an air bath at 180 degrees for one hour, or until the mass is completely dry and brittle. Moisten throughout with a little concentrated hydrochloric acid. Add 30 to 40 cubic centimeters of pure distilled water; digest on the water bath for a minute, filter off the silicious matter on an ashless filter paper and wash completely. Silicious Matter. — Ignite one portion only and weigh as silicious mat- ter. Silica. — Treat the silicious matter with hydrofluoric acid and deter- mine the silica (SiO) by the loss of weight. Note — Calcium sulphate is frequently found in waters of the State and because it dissolves slowly it is necessary to be especially careful that none of it remains with the silica. If any is left it will be found after volatilizing the silica by means of hydrofluoric acid. It must then be dissolved in hydrochloric acid and added to the solution from which it, together with the silica, has been removed. It is possible that a little sulphate of barium or strontium may be found at this point. 'These would resist the solvent 1 When sodium and potassium are not separated the combination is considered as sodium and calculations made accordingly. 2 In some cases no separation has been made of iron and alumina, and these elements are reported as the sum of their oxides. 3 In most cases the silicious matter has been treated with hydrofluoric acid and the silica reported is the loss by such treatment. 36 MINEEAL CONTENT OF WATERS. [bull no. 10, action of the water and hydrochloric acid and might thus be separated from calcium sulphate. ITse one filtrate from the silicious matter for the determination of iron, aluminium, (phosphoric acid), (barium), calcium and magnesium, and the other for sulphuric acid and the alka- lies. Iron, Aluminium and Phosphoric Acid. — To one filtrate from the silica add a little bromine water and boil for 10 or 15 minutes to insure com- plete oxidation of the iron present. Add 25 cubic centimeters of ammon- ium chloride solution, (or neutralize with ammonium hydroxide, and acidify with concentrated hydrochloric acid), then add a distinct but not great excess of ammonium hydroxide. Boil vigorously for 5 minutes, allow to settle, filter and wash thoroughly with hot water. Ignite and weigh as oxides of iron and aluminium and phosphates, (Fe 2 3 -(- A1 2 3 + M^PO*) . Ordinarily the phosphoric acid is present in minute quan- tities and may be neglected. i Iron. — Fuse the weighed residue with 8 times its weight of potassium acid sulphate (KHSO), See Fres. I, page 660). Dissolve in water and dilute sulphuric acid. After reduction with sulpheretted hydrogen Fres. I, page 326), or by use of Jones' Eeductor, determine iron volu- metrically by potassium permanganate. Aluminium. — Calculate to Ferric Oxide (FfeOs) the iron found. Add ihe weight of the ferric oxide to the weight of the phosphate found and subtract the sum from the weight of the combined oxides of iron and aluminium and phosphates. The difference will be the weight of alu- minium oxide (AbOs). Barium. — If barium is present it may be determined at this point in the usual manner by the addition of a few drops of sulphuric acid after acidifying the solution with hydrochloric acid. (Determinations of barium have not been made in these investigations). Calcium. — Concentrate the filtrates and washings from the precipitated hydroxides of aluminium and iron to about 200 c. c. Make alkaline with ammonium hydroxide and add to the hot solution an excess of ammon- ium oxalate (See Fres, I, page 270.) Boil until the precipitate settles and the supernatant liquid is clear. Filter, ignite the washed precipitate of calcium oxalate in the Henrpel furnace or in the blast lamp and weigh as calcium oxide. Calculate to calcium. \ Magnesium. — Concentrate the filtrate and washings from the precipi- tated calcium oxalate to about 250 c. c. See that ammonium hydroxide is in slight excess. Add to the' cool solution an excess of sodium ammon- ium hydrogen phosphate (NaNIMIPO*) stirring the solution, taking care to avoid touching the sides of the beaker with the stirring rod. Allow to stand 12 hours in a cool place, filter, wash with a solution of one part ammonium hydroxide, specific gravity 0.96. Dry, ignite and weigh as magnesium pyrophosphate (MgaPsO?). Manganese. — 'Should manganese be present it would be found as man- ganese pyrophosphate (Mn^O?) with the magnesium pyrophosphate (MgaPsO?),. In the earlier analyses, manganese was determined accord- BARTOW.] METHODS OF MINEEAL ANALYSIS. 37 ing to Fresenius I, p. 294 by adding sodium acetate and an aqueous solu- tion of bromine, exposing to a temperature of 50 to 70 degrees for a few hours, till the free bromine is all or nearly all expelled from the solution and filtering. The manganese thus precipitated as hydrated di- oxide is liable to contain sodium salts. It should be washed carefully with hot water and may be converted by ignition directly into MnsO and weighed. If the quantity is considerable, it is dissolved in hydro- chloric acid and converted into some other suitable form for weighing. Sulphuric Acid and the Alkalies. — Heat the other filtrate from the silicious matter to boiling and add an excess of a solution of barium chloride, a drop at a time, with constant stirring. Allow to remain in a warm place for at least thirty minutes, stirring at intervals. Filter, ignite, and weigh as barium sulphate, (BaSO*). Compare Fresenius, I, p. 434. Sodium and Potassium. — Evaporate the filtrate from the barium sul- phate to dryness, add water, heat to boiling and treat the boiling solu- tion with slight excess of alkali free barium hydroxide, Ba(OH)2. Fil- ter and add to the filtrate ammonium carbonate and ammonia. Filter oft' the precipitate so obtained, evaporate the filtrate to dryness in a platinum dish and ignite to drive off the ammonium salts. Repeat the operation as often as necessary to remove any magnesium that may re- main, and after igniting weigh the alkali chlorides. Potassium. — To separate the potassium chloride from the sodium chloride convert all into the double platinum salt by adding platinic chloride. Treat with 80 per cent alcohol. Filter, wash with alcohol and dry or filter. Dissolve the potassium platinic chloride thus obtained by washing the precipitate on the filter with boiling water. Evaporate to dryness, dry, weigh as potassium platinic chloride, and calculate as pot- assium. Sodium. — Calculate the " equivalent- of potassium chloride and deduct from the weight of the combined chlorides of sodium and potassium. The difference is sodium 1 chloride and is calculated to sodium. Chlorides and Nitrates. — The methods used for mineral analysis are the same as used for the sanitary analysis. See pages 31 and 34. METHOD OF REPORTING ANALYSES OE THE MINERAL CONTENT. The results obtained in' the analysis of the mineral content are ex- pressed in ionic form. By ions we understand those parts of a salt an acid or a base in aqueous solution, which will conduct the electric current. The results obtained are also expressed in hypothetical combinations of the ions. These, we believe, serve better than the ions to show the character of the water, because the combinations enable one to see at a glance the relative amounts of basic and acidic ions. 88 MINERAL CONTENT OE WATEES. [BULL. NO. 10. The method of calculation, in use for years in this laboratory, combines the acid and basic ions in the following order: Basic. Acidic. Potassium K Nitrous N itric NO, Sodium Na NH 4 ....... NO, Ammonium . .. Chlorine Sulphuric Residual bases to carbonic ... CI Magnesium ... Calcium Mg Ca Fe S0 4 ....... co 3 Al Combinations of this character are of special importance when water treatment is under consideration. Should it be desired to combine the ions in any other order for the comparison of our analyses with the work of other analysts, such combinations can be made from the ions reported. The conversion table, showing the factors used in our calculations, will be of assistance in such work. FACTOES FOR CALCULATING HYPOTHETICAL COMBINATIONS FROM IONS ACCORDING TO ATOMIC WEIGHTS OF 1905. [By Edward Bartow and J. M. Lindgren.] Basic. Acidic. Ion. Combination. Factor. Ion. Combination. Factor. K KNO, 2.1760 2.5847 1.9055 2.2268 1.7663 1.8089 2.9974 3.6915 2.5380 3.0837 2.3015 2.9616 3.6577 2.6600 6.0936 3.9105 4.9434 3.4631 3,3940 2.4963 2.7206 2.0734 6.3170 3.3501 NO, KN0 2 1.8504 K KN0 3 NO, NaN0 2 1 . 5007 K KC1 NO, Mg(NO,) 2 .. . 1.2646 K.. K 2 S0 4 N0 3 LiN0 3 1.1133 K K 2 C0 3 N0 3 ■ KNO, 1.6310 K.. K 3 P0 4 NO, NaN0 3 .. 1 3715 Na NaN0 2 NO, NH4NO3 1.2913 Na NaN0 3 NO, Mg(N0 3 ) 2 1.1963 Na NaCl Na 2 S0 4 Na 2 C0 3 NO, Ca(N0 3 ) 2 , 1.3232 Na CI LiCl 1.1983 Na CI KC1.... 2 1044 NH 4 NH 4 C1 CI NaCl 1.6502 NH 4 (NHJ 2 S0 4 (NH 4 ) 2 C0 3 Mg(NU 3 ) 2 MgCl, CI CI NH 4 C1 1.5098 NH 4 MgCl 2 1.3436 Mg CI CaCL 1.5656 Mg so 4 Li 2 S0 4 .' 1.0732 Mg MgSO" 4 so 4 K 2 S0 4 1.8151 Mg MgC0 3 so 4 Na 2 S0 4 . .. 1.4799 Ca CaS0 4 so 4 (NH 4 )oS0 4 1.3758 Ca CaCO s so 4 MgS0 4 1.25c6 Fe FeS0 4 so 4 CaS0 4 1 4174 Fe FeC0 3 so 4 FeS0 4 1.5812 Al A1 2 (S0 4 ) 3 A1 2 (S0 4 ) 3 so 4 A1 2 (S0 4 ) 3 1.1881 A1 2 3 Parts per million. .. Grains per gallon .. 0.5833 Interpretation of Kesults. sanitary water analysis. The statement of chemical results is made in parts per million by w r eight. That is, in milligrams per liter. Since one liter of water weighs one million milligrams, these two expressions, "parts per million" BARTOW.] INTERPRETATION OF SANITARY ANALYSES. 39 and "milligrams per liter," are practically synonymous. On the scale of 100, one part per million is equivalent to one ten thousandth of one per cent (0.0001%). Should the data be desired in terms of grains per United States gallon of 231 cubic inches, multiply the parts per million by .058335. There is so much variation in the character of water from the different sources in the State, that no general standard can be made. We have made an attempt to formulate standards for the waters from the var- ious sources, as classified in this Bulletin. Surface Waters. With few exceptions it may be said that we should treat or filter all surface waters, in or bordering on the State, before using them for drinking purposes. Lake Michigan, alone, at a distance from the shore, furnishes a satisfactory water without treatment. A representative an- alysis of water from Lake Michigan, taken ten miles from the shore, is given by Aclolph G-ehrmann. 1 It is repeated in the table of suggested standards for the interpretation of sanitary water analyses. The char- acteristics of the water from any stream are not constant but vary with the seasons. Turbidity. — The streams of the State invariably carry some matter in suspension. The turbidity should be less than 10 parts per million. Color. — The color should not exceed .2 parts per million, Nessler standard. Odor. — The odor should never be noticeable. Residue on Evaporation. — The total residue on evaporation varies greatly as the suspended matter varies. The soluble matter varies from 137 parts per million in Lake Michigan, to 643 parts per million in a creek at Farmington. The residue should not exceed 300 parts per million. Chlorine. — Chlorine varies from 1.5 parts per million in Lake Michi- gan, to 63 parts per million in the Illinois river at Havana, before the opening of the drainage canal. A filtered water may vary between these limits, but as a rule should not exceed 6.0 parts per million. The test for chlorine is of value in showing the relative amount of pollution that has entered a stream. Consumed Oxygen. — Consumed oxygen should not exceed 5.0 parts per million. . Nitrogen as Free Ammonia. — Nitrogen as free ammonia varies from .002 in Lake Michigan, to 2.32 in the Illinois river at Kampsville, before the opening of the drainage canal. It should not exceed 0.05 parts per million. Nitrogen as Albuminoid Ammonia, — Nitrogen as albuminoid am- monia varies from .08 in Lake Michigan to .528 in the Illinois river at Kampsville, but should not exceed 0.15 parts per million. Nitrogen as Nitrites. — Nitrogen as nitrites should be absent. l Report of Streams Examination, Sanitary District of Chicago, Chicago, 1902, p. 18. • 40 MINERAL CONTENT OF WATERS. [BULL no. 10. Nitrogen as Nitrates. — Nitrogen as nitrates should not exceed 0.5 parts per million. Alkalinity. — Alkalinity varies with the season, and also varies accord- ing to the treatment in the filtered water. The raw water will vary from 115 to 400 parts per million, and the treated water from 80 to 300 parts per million. Spring Waters. Turbidity. — Spring waters when first issuing from the earth should have no turbidity. They sometimes become turbid on exposure to the air, owing to oxidation of the soluble iron salts and to the loss of car- bon dioxide. Color. — A spring water should have no color when it first issues from the earth. The oxidation of iron salts may produce a color. Odor. — There should be no odor except in springs containing hydrogen sulphide. Residue on Evaporation, — The total residue on evaporation varies from 200.8 parts per million, (11.7.1 grains per gallon) in a spring at Tolono, to 9188.3 parts per million, (536 grains per gallon) in a spring at Creal Springs. A good spring water for domestic use, should not have more than 500 parts per million. Chlorine. — Chlorine varies from 1 .0.7 parts per million to 2675.0 parts per million. In springs for general use it should not exceed 15 parts per million. For the distribution of chlorine in springs. See plate 4. Consumed Oxygen. — Consumed oxygen should not exceed 2.0 parts* per million. Nitrogen as Free and Albuminoid Ammonia. — Nitrogen as free and albuminoid ammonia, except in springs where the water becomes turbid on exposure to the air, should not exceed 0.02 parts per million and 0.05 parts per million respectively. Nitrogen as Nitrites. — Nitrogen as nitrites should be absent. Nitrogen as Nitrates. — Nitrogen as nitrates should not exceed 2.0 parts per million. Alkalinity. — Alkalinity may vary from 150 to 500 parts per million. It should not exceed 300 parts per million. Waters from Shallow Wells in the Drift. These waters should be clear without color or odor. Residue on Evaporation. — The total residue on evaporation varies from 160.5 parts per million, (9.36 grains per gallon) in a well at Poag, to 5331.27 parts per million, (311 grains per gallon) in a well at Creal Springs. The residue should not exceed 500 parts per million. Chlorine. — Chlorine varies from \ 3 parts per million in a well at Pana, to 310 parts per million in a well at Bloomington. The majority of the waters reported are below 15 parts per million, an amount that should not be exceeded. 41 STATE GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. BULL. NO. PLATE 4. LEGEND PARTS PER MILLION • O - 5 o 5 - lO + 10-20 a ao-5o * 50-100 a 100-500 * 500+ . Chlorine in water of springs. 42 MINEKAL CONTENT OF WATEKS. [bull no. 10. Consumed, Oxygen. — 'Consumed oxygen should not exceed 2.0 parts per million. Nitrogen as Free and Albuminoid Ammonia. — Nitrogen as free and albuminoid ammonia should not exceed 0.02 and 0.05 parts per million respectively. Nitrogen as Nitrites. — Nitrogen as nitrites should be absent. Nitrogen as Nitrates. — Nitrogen as nitrates should not exceed 2.0 parts per million. Alkalinity. — Alkalinity varies from 200 to 500 parts per million, with exceptional cases above or below these limits. The alkalinity should not exceed 300 parts per million. Waters From Deep Drift Wells. Turbidity. — The well waters in the drift are clear when first drawn, but almost invariably become turbid on exposure to the air, due to ox- idation of the iron salts, and to the loss of carbon dioxide. Color. — These waters are colorless when first drawn, but may become colored on standing, owing to the oxidation of the iron salts. Odor. — These waters are usually odorless, ' but hydrogen sulphide is sometimes found. Residue on Evaporation. — The total residue on evaporation varies from 199 parts per million, (11.6 grains per gallon) in a well at Havana, to 2606 parts per million, (152 grains per gallon) in a well at Morgan Park. The residue should not exceed 500 parts per million. See plate 5. Chlorine. — Chlorine varies from 1.0 parts per million in a well at Bradford, to 1,250 parts per million in a well at Hope. The majority of these wells are below 5.0 parts per million in chlorine, and a limit of 15.0 can easily be allowed. See plate 6. Consumed Oxygen. — Consumed oxygen is variable as in the deep rock wells, and the same limits 5.0 parts per million in the presence of fer- rous salts or hydrogen sulphide, and 2.0 parts per million in their ab- sence, may be set. Nitrogen as Free Ammonia. — Nitrogen as free ammonia varies from 0.3 parts per million in a well at Bristol, to 28.0 parts per million in a well at Marshall. Limits may be placed -from 0.02 to 3.0 parts per million. Nitrogen as Albuminoid Ammonia. — Nitrogen as albuminoid am- monia may reach 0.2 parts per million. Nitrogen as Nitrites. — Nitrogen as nitrites are frequently found, and may go as high as 0.005 parts per million in waters containing ferrous salts. Nitrogen as Nitrates. —Nitrogen as nitrates are present in small quan- tities, usually not. exceeding 0.5 parts per million. Alkalinity. — Alkalinity varies from 200 to 600 parts per million, sodium carbonate frequently being present. The alkalinity should not exceed 300 parts per million. bartow.] INTERPRETATION OF SANITARY ANALYSES. 43 Waters from Deep Wells in Bock. Turbidity. — These waters are clear when first drawn, but often become turbid on exposure to the air, due to the oxidation of the iron salts and to the loss of carbon dioxide. Color. — These waters should be colorless when first drawn but may become colored on exposure to the air, due to" the presence of salts of iron. Odor. — There should be no odor except when hydrogen sulphide is present in occasional samples. Residue on Evaporation. — The total residue on evaporation varies from 178 parts per million (10.39 grains per gallon) in a well at Hins- dale, to 44,587 parts per million (2,601 grains per gallon) in a. well at Fairfield. In general, it may be said, that the deep rock wells in the northern part of the State contain less residue on evaporation, whereas the deep wells further south are very highly mineralized. A limit of 500 parts per million of residue on evaporation can be used in the northern part of the State, but such a limit is too low for the rest of the State. See plate 7. Chlorine. — Chlorine varies from 0.6 parts per million (.034 grains per gallon) in a well at Stockton and 0.5 parts per million (.029 grains per gallon) in a well at Amboy, to 11,000 parts per million (647.46 grains per gallon) in a well at Harrisburg. No absolute standard can be set for wells of this class. See plate 8. Consumed Oxygen. — Consumed oxygen is quite variable. This is sometimes due to the presence of ferrous salts or hydrogen sulphide gas, in which case 5.0 parts per million would not be excessive. In the ab- sence of these substances, consumed oxygen should not exceed 2.0 to 5.0 parts per million. Nitrogen as Free Ammonia, — Nitrogen as free ammonia in waters containing iron salts may be as high as 3.0 parts per million. In the absence of iron salts, the free ammonia should not exceed 0.02 parts per million. Nitrogen as Albuminoid Ammonia, — Nitrogen as albuminoid am- monia should not exceed 0.15 parts per million. Nitrogen as Nitrites. — Nitrogen as nitrites should be absent except in the presence of iron salts, where the nitrates are reduced. Nitrogen as Nitrates. — Nitrogen as nitrates should not exceed 0.5 parts per million. Alkalinity. — Alkalinity varies with the residue on evaporation be- tween the limits 200 to 600 parts per million. In a water for domestic use, it should not exceed 300 parts per million. 44 STATE GEOLOGICAL. SURVVET. BULL. NO. 10, PLATE 5. LEGEND PARTS PER MILLION • — 300 L 300-400 1 400-500 + 500-600 * 600-1000 A lOOO-ZOOO * aooo+ Residue in water of deep drift wells. STATE GEOLOGICAL. SURVEY. 45 BULL. NO. 10, PLATE 6. LEGEND PART5 PER MILLION • O - 5 ° 5 - lO + 10-20 a 20-50 ^ 50-100 a 100-500 * 500 + Chlorine in water of deep drift wells. 46 STATE GEOLOGICAL. (SURVEY T BULL. NO. 10, PLATE 7. LEGEND PAET5 PER MILLION • — 300 L 300-400 1 400-500 + 500-600 * eoo-\ooo A 10002000 * £000 + Residue in waters of deep wells in rock. 47 STATE GEOLOGICAL SURVEY BULL. NO. 10, PLATE LEGEND PART5 PER MILLION • O - 5 ° 5 - lO + 10-20 A 20-50 * 50-100 a 100-500 * 500 + Chlorine in waters of deep wells in rock. 48 MINEBAL CONTENT OF WATERS. [bull no. 10. Summary. The preceding observations are summarized in the following table: Suggested Standards for Interpretation of Results op Sanitary Water Analysis. t" 1 Ft n p 3d X3 t) B 3 CO « 05 a o . M n as 5 o oq M Q, 3 3 63 : tr a> a }— ! . H a> Turbidity None 10. 3 None 3 None .... 3 None Color None .2 3 None — 3 None 3 None — Odor None None None None None R esidue on evaporation 130. 300. 500. 500. 500. Chlo Oxyj 5.5 1.6 6. 5. 15. 2. 15. 2.-5. 4 5 100 jen consumed 2 -5 4 2 $+ Free ammonia .00 .08 .05 .15 .02 .05 .02-3. .20 02-3. o Albuminoid ammonia .15 N itrites .000 .00 .000 .5 200. 500 .000 2.00 300. 500 .005 .50 300. 100 000 a N itrates 5 en Alka Bactc inity 300. 'ria per cubic centimeter 500 100 Colon bacillus in one c. c Absent Absent Absent Absent Absent..., ANALYSES OF THE MINERAL CONTENT. Surface Waters. The analyses made include samples from only twenty-three towns and from fifteen different streams. No definite conclusions can be drawn from so small a number of analyses. We will be able to furnish better data from the series of analyses now under way under the cooperative agreement with the United States Geological Survey. Residue on Evaporation. — We have given below the limits found in the few samples analyzed. We note that the smallest amount of solids is found in the water from Lake Michigan, the highest amounts were in samples from the Illinois river at Pekin taken before the opening of the Chi- cago drainage canal and from a creek at Farmington. The amount of solids range from 137.4 parts per million (7.97 grains per gallon) in Lake Michigan to 519.7 parts per million (29.87 grains per gallon) in the Illinois river at Pekin, and 643 parts per million (37.51 grains per gallon) in the Creek at Farmington. 1 Analyses of water ten miles from shore of Lake Michigan. Streams Exam- ination Sanitary District of Chicago, p. 18. 2 This standard of purity is seldom found in the unfiltered water as all streams are more or less polluted. 3 None when drawn from wells. They may become turbid and develop color on standing. 4 Varies as the waters contain ferrous salts. BARTOW.] INTERPRETATION OF MINERAL ANALYSES. 49 Potassium. — Very few separations of sodium and potassium in sur- face waters have been made. Sodium. — The smallest amount of sodium 5.6 parts per million was found in Lake Michigan water at Chicago. The highest 62.8 parts per million in a creek at Farmington. Magnesium. — The lowest magnesium content 5.9 parts per million was found in the Ohio river at Cairo, the highest 51.1 parts per million was in a creek at Farmington. The Illinois river at Havana and the Apple river at Apple river station had 41.5 and 41.2 parts per million, respectively. Calcium. — The lowest calcium 15.8 parts per million was found in the Ohio river at Cairo, the highest, 107.1 parts per million, in 1900 in the Illinois river at Havana. Iron. — The lowest iron content of the combined oxides of iron and aluminium, was found in Lake Michigan water, .7 parts per million, the highest, 64.7 parts per million in Kickapoo creek at South Bar- tonville. Nitrates. — The lowest nitrates, .8 parts per million of NOa was found in Lake Michigan water, a creek at Kockford and Kock river at Kock- ford; the highest, 14.6 parts per million of NO» in the Illinois river at Pekin, due undoubtedly to sewage contamination. Chlorine. — The lowest chlorine, 2.2 parts per million, was found in the Kankakee river at Kankakee, and the highest 14 to 63 parts per million in the Illinois river and 16.8 parts per million in the Calumet lake at Kensington. Sulphates. — The lowest sulphates was found in the Apple river, 7.8 parts per million with Lake Michigan next with, 8.4 parts per million, the highest 112.4 parts per million in Calumet Lake. Silica. — The lowest silica was found in Apple river, 1.8 parts per million, the highest in Kickapoo creek at South Bartonville, 176 parts per million. The high silica of the latter was probably due to sus- pended matter which was not removed by filtration. Springs. The 131 waters analyzed come from eighty-eight towns located in fifty-eight counties. The distribution is shown on plate 4. An in- spection of the results show the following interesting items: Residue on Evaporation. — The residue on evaporation varies from 178.4 parts per million (10.39 grains per gallon) in a spring at Mak- anda, Jackson county, to 12268 parts per million (713.07 grains per gallon) in a spring at Creal Springs in Williamson county. The ma- jority of the springs contain from 15 to 35 grains per gallon of residue. Potassium. — Potassium varies from 0.8 parts per million, in springs at Canton and London Mills, Fulton county, and Cobden, Union county, to 29.2 parts per million, in a spring at Cutler, Perry county. By far the greatest number of waters have less than five parts per million; of potassium. —4 G 50 MINEEAL CONTENT OF WATEES. [bull. no. 10 Sodium. — Sodium varies from 4.2 parts per million in a spring at Piano, Kendall county, to 1,963 parts per million in a spring at Jack- sonville, Morgan county. A majority of the springs have less than fif- teen parts per million of sodium. Magnesium. — The magnesium varies from 8.2 parts per million in a spring at Salem, Marion county, to 591 parts per million in a spring at Claremont, Eichland county. A majority of the springs contain more than twenty and less than fifty parts per million of magnesium. Calcium, — The calcium varies from 17.0 parts per million in a spring in Salem, Marion county, and 17.3 parts per million in a spring at Jacksonville, Morgan county, to 1114. parts per million in a spring at Creal Springs in Williamson, county. The majority of the springs con- tain from 75 to 10® parts per million of calcium. Iron. — The iron varies from traces in several springs to 997. parts per million in a spring at Sidell, Vermilion county. A large majority of the springs examined contain less than 3.0 parts per million of iron. Alumina. — The alumina varies from a trace or less than one part per million in several springs to 214. parts per million of ALsOs in a spring at Abingdon, Knox county. A majority contain less than 3.0 parts per million. Nitrates.— -The nitrates vary from less than one part per million in many springs to 65.5 parts per million of ISTO in a spring at Eock Island, Eock Island county. Most of the spring waters examined contain less than 5.0 parts per million. Chlorine.— The chlorine varies from .7 parts per millian in a spring at Colchester, McDonough county to 2675. parts per million in a spring at Jacksonville, Morgan county. The majority of the waters contain less than ten parts per million. The variation is shown in plate 4. - Sulphates. — The sulphates vary from less than one part per million in several springs to 7,863 ' parts per million in a spring at Creal Springs, •Williamson county. The amount of sulphates- is very variable though about half of the springs have less than fifty parts per million. Silica. — The silica varies from 4.5 parts per million of SiCb in a spring at Cerro Gordo in Piatt county to 68.4 parts per million of SiO at Sidell, Vermilion county. A majority contain from fifteen to thirty parts per. million of silica (SiCh). Ammonium. — The majority of the springs contain less than .1 parts per million of nitrogen as ammonia. Where they contain more than one p$rt per million it has been considered in calculating the hypothetical combinations. A few springs have shown' very noticeable amounts, viz. : Springs^ at Middlesworth, Shelby county ; Piano, Kendall county ; Pu- laski, Pulaski county; Dudley, Edgar county. Drift Wells. We have included in this summary the water from all wells reported as having their sources in the drift, or in the alluvial soil of river bottoms. BARTOW.] INTERPRET ATION OF MINERAL ANALYSES. 51 .'.Residue on Evaporation. — In the amount of mineral content we find more regularity than in the springs. The residue on evaporation varies from 161 parts per million (9.36 grains per gallon) in a 55 foot well at Poag, Madison county, to 5,349 parts per million (311.9 grains per gallon) in a 24 foot well at Creal Springs, Williamson county. The well at Creal Springs has the characteristics of the springs at that place and should almost be classed with springs. A bare majority of the wells of this class which were analyzed contain less than 500 parts per million (29.2 grains per gallon). If it were not for the fact that many of the waters examined have been sent in because of difficulty with the water in boilers, the relative number of the wells with less than 500 parts per million of residue would be greater. The location of the deep wells in drift and the amount of residue in each is shown on plate 5. Potassium. — The potassium varies from 0.8 parts per million in a well fifty feet deep at Oquaqua in Henderson county to 102 parts per million in a well at Hope, Vermilion county. As is the case with springs an amount of potassium exceeding 5.0 parts per million is uncommon. Sodium. — The sodium varies from 4.0 parts per million in a well at Bristol, Kendall county to 742 parts per million in a well at Hope, Ver- milion county. The sodium is higher in the drift wells than in the springs. Only a small majority of the wells have less than 45 parts per million of sodium. This is probably due to the frequent occurrence of sodium carbonate waters in the deep drift wells. Magnesium. — Magnesium varies from 4.3 parts per million in a well at Mt. Vernon, Jefferson county, to 511 parts per million, in a well at Greal Springs, Williamson county. A majority contain more than 25 parts per million and less than 45 parts per million of magnesium. Calcium. — Calcium varies from 18 parts per million in a well at Flanagan, Livingston county, to 604 parts per million in a well at Morgan Park, Cook county. A majority of the wells contain less than 80 parts per million of calcium. Iron. — The iron varies from traces in several wells, to 11.0 parts per million in a well at Paris, Edgar county. The majority of the wells contain less than 2.0 parts per million, the deeper wells as a rule containing more of the iron. Aluminium. — The aluminium varies from 0.3 parts per million in wells at Macomb, McDonough county, to 12 parts per million in a well at Urbana, Champaign county. A large proportion of the wells contain less than 1.5 parts per million. Nitrates. — Nitrates vary from 0.1 parts per million of NOs in a well at Shelbyville, to 850 parts per million in a well at Bloomington. The majority of the wells contain less than 2.0 parts* per million. Most of the deeper wells contain less than one part per million. Chlorine. — Chlorine varies from .6 parts per million in a well at Clinton, DeWitt county, to 1,250, parts per million in a well at Hope, Vermilion county. A majority of all the wells have less than 15 parts per million. A majority of the deep wells contain less than five parts per million. (Plate 6.) ** 52 MINERAL CONTENT OF WATERS. Lbull. no. 10 Sulphate. — The sulphate varies from 0.2 parts per million in a well at Ashland, Cass county, to 3,338 parts per million in a well at Creal Springs. This well is similar in character to the springs at Creal Springs, and contains an exceptionally large amount of sulphate. While the sulphate is very variable, the greater number of wells contain less than 50 parts per million. The majority of the deep drift waters con- tain less than 15 parts per million. Silica. — The silica varies from 1.8 parts per million in a well at Peoria, to 75 parts per million in a well at Creal Springs. A large majority of all the drift wells contain between 15 and 25 parts per million. Ammonium. — The majority of the shallow wells do not contain suffi- cient ammonium to make it necessary to consider it in the. hypothetical combinations. Ammonium in the deeper wells reaches 41.1 parts per million of NIL in a well at Tolono, Champaign county, and a majority of the deeper wells contain more than 1.0 parts per million. Deep Wells in Rock. There have been examined 259 wells in rock, sixty-eight of which are reported to us as flowing wells. This distinction has no effect on the quality of the water, and therefore, in compiling our summaries, we have considered all of the deep rock wells to be in the same class. The large majority of the deep rock wells are in the northern part of the State, as indicated on plates 7 and 8. Residue on Evaporation. — In the residue on evaporation we find a wide variation. From the 209 parts per million (12.13 grains per gallon ) in a well 300 feet deep at Chicago, Cook county, it varies to the 44,600 parts per million (2,602 grains per gallon) in a well 825 feet deep at Fairfield in Wayne county. The residue in the deep wells in rock is lowest along the northern border of the State, and increases toward the south, reaching a maximum along a line drawn from Quincy to Ottawa. This is illustrated on plate 7. Potassium. — The potassium varies from .7 parts per million in a well 174 feet deep at North Chicago, to 332.1 parts per million in a well 275 feet deep in Harrisburg, Saline county. The majority have less than 15 parts per million of potassium. Sodium. — The sodium varies from 5.6 parts per million in a well 2,000 feet deep at Byron, Ogle county, to 13,548 parts per million in a well 825 feet deep at Fairfield, Wayne county. About one-half of the wells have less than 150 parts per million. One quarter have from 150 to 400 parts per million of sodium. Magnesium. — The magnesium varies from 1.6 parts per million in a well 90 feet deep at Aurora, Kane county, to 598 parts per million in a well at New Burnside, Johnson county. A larere majority have less than 60 parts per million, and only about one seventh of the wells con- tain more than 100 parts per million of magnesium. 53 STATE GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. BULL. NO. 10, PLATE 9. LEGEND • - 100 u lOO-ZOO 1 200-300 + 300-400 * 400-500 a 500-600 • 600 + o ACID 54 MINERAL CONTENT OF WATERS. [bull. no. 10 Calcium. — The calcium varies from 1.6 parts per million in a well 280 feet deep at Keensburg in Wabash county, to 1,203 parts per million in a well 900 feet deep in McHenry county. The majority of the wells contain from 60 to 150 parts per million of calcium. Iron. — Iron varies from traces in many wells to 2,506 parts per million in a deep well at Kell in Marion county. A majority have less than 2.0 parts per million of iron. Aluminium: — The aluminium varies from traces to 428 parts per million in a well at Kell, Marion county. The majority of the wells contain less than 2.0 parts per million of aluminium. Silica. — While the silica varies from 2.4 parts per million of SiO in a well at Stronghurst, Henderson county, to 95 parts per million in a well 1,395 feet deep at Bushnell, McDonough county, 80 per cent of the wells contain between 5 and 15 parts per million of SiO. Nitrates. — Nitrogen as nitrates varies from less than .1 parts per million of NOs in several wells, to 93 parts per million of NOs in a well 250 feet deep at Winnetka, Cook county. The majority have less than 0.8 parts per million of NOs. Chlorine. — Chlorine varies from 0.5 parts per million in a well 2,100 feet deep at Amboy, Lee county, to 11,000 parts per million in a well 275 feet deep at Harrisburg, Saline county. About one-half of the wells have less than 50 parts per million. The relative distribution of the chlorine in deep wells in rock is shown on plate 8. Especially notice- able is the increase in the chlorine f rom the northern border of the State to a maximum along a line drawn from Quincy to Ottawa. Sulphates. — Sulphates vary from 0.1 parts per million of SO* in a well 253 feet deep at Paris, Edgar county, to 2,119 parts per million in a well sixty-two feet deep at New Burnside, Johnson county. The majority of the wells have less than 50 parts per million, and about 40 per cent have less than 20 parts per million of SO*. Ammonium.— Only a very small number of the deep rock wells con- tain less than 0.1 parts per million of ammonium (NIL). The largest amount observed, 15.9 parts per million, was found in a well 275 feet deep at Harrisburg, Saline county. The ammonium in most of the wells does not exceed one part per million. GENERAL OBSERVATIONS. It has been noted that the waters of the State may be divided into two classes, according as they contain sodium carbonate or magnesium sul- phate, and the relative location of such waters has been shown on plates 2 and 3. We would further note that the large majority of the waters are alkaline. Only twelve contain enough nitrate, chlorine, and sul- phate ions, to more than neutralize the potassium, sodium, ammonium, calcium, and magnesium, leaving some sulphate to unite with iron, to form ferrous sulphate. These waters, it may be noted, are from Abing- don, Camden, Creal Springs, Kell, McComb, Makanda, Maquon, Mt. Vernon, Palestine, Quincy, Sidell, and Staunton. The relative alkalinity of the waters analyzed, including the acid waters is shown on plate 9. bartow.J INTERPKETATION OF MINEEAL ANALYSESr 55 Of interest to the engineer, is the fact that fifty-nine waters from forty-two towns, contain enough nitrate and chlorine ions to more than neuralize the potassium, sodium, and ammonium ions, so that mag- nesium chloride appears in the hypothetical combinations, indicating the possibility of corrosion when used in boilers. iM.> 5tf MINERAL CONTENT OF WATERS. [BULL. NO. 10 BOILER WATERS. [By S. W. Parr.] When used for industrial purposes, water is chiefly modified as to its quality by the mineral constituents which are held in solution. This is particularly true in the case of waters which are to be used for steam generation in boilers. The constant removal of pure water in the form of steam leaves a solution of mineral matter more or less concentrated which may result in (a) the formation of scale, (b) the priming or foaming of the water, or (c) the corrosion of the plates and flues. From an analysis, therefore, of the mineral constituents we should be able to fairly judge as to the behavior of a water when used for steam- ing purposes. Scale. The formation of scale on the interior of a boiler produces a number of results more or less serious. Scale is a poor conductor of heat; on this account more fuel is required to produce a given result. The added expense from this cause has been estimated as follows. 1 "A test of steaming efficiency was made at the University of Illinois, on a locomotive . having a thickness of scale averaging one-eighth of an inch. After over-hauling and cleaning, a second test was made which showed a heat loss of 10.5 per cent due to the one-eighth of an inch scale. This agrees closely with a comparison made previously on the same road. The performance sheets of one hundred and twenty locomotives were taken with reference to the consumption of coal for three months next preceding an overhauling and cleaning, and these results were compared with the coal consumption for the three months immediately following such a cleaning, with an average showing for the one hundred and twenty en- gines, of almost exactly 10 per cent in favor of the scale-free condition. The annual fuel bill on one of the roads of the Middle West is approx- imately $1,500,000. Suppose half the locomotives on the system to he clean and working at their proper efficiency, and the other half possessed of tfhe above average thickness of scale; 5 per cent additional cost for fuel would represent an annual tax of $75,000 due to this cause. Duplicate this expense with another which would represent approximately the cost of overhauling and repairs, chargeable directly to the presence of scale, and we have a sum' representing the annual interest at 5 per cent on an Investment of $3,000,000. This takes no account of interest on the large number of continuously idle engines under repaid, nor of the cost of acci- dents or disasters due more or less directly to bad waters." Aside from the loss of heat there are other serious possibilities. When thus protected from the cooling effect of the water the iron attains a l Journal American Chemical Society 28-640. parr.] BOILEE WATEES. 57 much higher temperature than would otherwise be the case, thus facili- tating the absorption of oxygen and sulphur from the combustion cham- ber. Under the best possible conditions the deterioration of a fire-box is rapid enough. Overheating of the plates due to poor conductivity rapidly multiplies the rate of deterioration as the result of the change in chemical composition of the iron. The temperature may even reach a point where softening of the iron occurs, thus making possible the blowing out of the metal. Quite as serious a possibility is the cracking of the layer of scale over the parts thus highly heated whereby the water is suddenly admitted under conditions well suited to produce an ex- plosion. The constituents in solution which are classed as scale producers are silica, iron, aluminium, and salts of calcium and magnesium. The last two are commonly in the form of bicarbonates and sulphates, though they may occur as chlorides and still less frequently as nitrates. Be- cause of the fact that the most common and most evident characteristic is shown by its scaling property, this feature has been of more use than any other to indicate the quality of boiler waters. Probably the earliest and still perhaps the most frequently used meth- od of classification is based on the hardness or quantity of soap required to precipitate the lime and other scaling constituents in order to bring the water to a "soft" condition. The degree of hardness may be deter- mined, according to Clark's process, by use of a solution of soap reacting npon a solution of calcium chloride of such strength that each gallon should contain the equivalent of one grain of calcium carbonate. Each grain so held in solution is designated as a degree of hardness. But since the English imperial gallon differs from the American gallon, the Clark's scale of hardness differs correspondingly ; that is, by the English standard, one degree of hardness is equivalent to one grain of calcium carbonate in 70,000 grains of water, and by the American standard, one degree of hardness is equivalent to one grain of calcium carbonate in 58,381 grains of water. The French and German standards differ again in that they are based on the decimal system, each degree of hardness representing so many parts per 100,000 of water, but it is to be noted that the German degree represents one part of CaO per 100,000 parts of water, while the French degree represents one part of C&CO per 100,000 parts of water. It is coming to be a very common practice in this country to. consider each part per million or 1 milligram (of CaCOs) per liter as a degree of hardness, and this is more in accord with the method of reporting other data connected with water analysis. These methods of measuring the scaling properties of boiler water convey a somewhat vague and not altogether satisfactory conception of its char- acter. They are based on the same equivalent; namely, that for lime or calcium carbonate, but are made to include all scale-forming ingredients, since they all react to form an insoluble soap. That is, while magnesium and iron unite with the soap solution in the same manner as the lime, Hiey differ as to the relative proportions in which they unite. An appli- cation of this unit to the grading of waters is sometimes made for the purpose of designating the relative quality of a water. At a meeting of the American Association of Railway Chemists held at Buffalo, N". Y., May 24-25, 1887, the following schedule was adopted : 58 MINERAL CONTENT OF WATERS, [bull. no. 10 Water containing less than 15 grains per gallon of scale -forming ingredients (258 parts per million), good. From 15 to 20 grains per gallon (258 to 344 parts per million), fair. From 20 to 30 grains per gallon (344 to 515 parts per million), poor. From 30 to 40 grains per gallon (515 to 697 parts per million), bad. Over 40 grains per gallon (697 parts per million), very bad. While this schedule may serve as a very fair index of the quality of many waters, there are others where such a test would be misleading. For example, it is hardly admissible to call a water "good" which has, say 15 grains to the gallon (258 parts per million) of scaling material when other constituents are present in sufficient quantity to cause foam- ing. A water cannot be both good and bad at the same time. Again, it is not impossible to have waters with from 15 to 20 grains to the gallon (258 to 344 parts per million) of incrusting matter present while other conditions exist which practically prevent the formation of scale. The diagnosis of a water for boiler use, therefore, is not altogether a simple proposition. So far as the scaling ingredients alone are to be taken into account, two fundamental facts should be borne in mind; first, what proportion of the lime and magnesia is present as sulphate, and second, are alkaline bicarbonates present in sufficient quantity to precipitate the scaling in- gredients in the form of sludge, and thus prevent the formation of scale. Under the first heading it may be said that the presence of scaling ingredients in the form of calcium or magnesium sulphate is a certain index of a condition which will result in the formation of a hard, dense, cement-like scale. The carbonates of these elements may also be present in much larger amount, and if not accompanied by sulphates, the scale formed would be of a loose open texture, easy of removal in cleaning, but the presence of calcium sulphate exceeding two or three grains per gallon (35 to 50 parts per million) is sufficient to serve as a good cementing material in the production of a hard, flinty scale. Under the second heading, that of water having an excess of free alkaline bicarbonates, attention is called to the wide distribution of these waters as may be seen by reference to plate 9. Very considerable areas are met with in Illinois, where, at a depth of from 100 to 200 feet this type of water is obtained which has almost an absence of sulphates, all the lime and magnesia are in the form of bicarbonates, and an amount of sodium bicarbonate is present ranging from 2 to 20 grains per gallon, (35 to 350 parts per million) quite sufficient upon the ap- plication of heat to throw all of the scale-forming ingredients out of solution. At least one large area in Illinois has been developed where this water is found at a depth varying from 125 to 165 tfeet. With the University of Illinois as a center, it extends east and west approximately a total distance of 100 miles, and north and south about 40 miles. At other points, the same type is met with at varying depths from springs to deep rock wells. At Burnside, near Chicago, this same free alkali type occurs again at a depth of 400 feet. At Wenona, 100 miles south- west, it occurs at a depth of 800 feet, but with an additional constitu- tent of sodium chloride amounting to 80 grains per gallon (1,380 parts PARR.] BOILER WATERS. 59 per million.) At Carbondale again, 300 miles south of Chicago, the same type is met with, having 15 grains (258 parts per million) of free sodium carbonate, no sulphate of lime, and 120 grains (206 parts per million) of salt per gallon. The depth is 850 feet. It is readily seen that in use, with this type, the water in the boiler becomes more and more impregnated with free alkali. This very soon becomes a most active precipitating re-agent for the fresh incoming water, the result being that no scale but only sludge forms inside the boiler. Outside the boiler, in the feed water, e. g., this condition does not exist; indeed, the bicarbonate of lime present is in the best possible form for producing scale where only heat is applied, hence such waters scale badly in feed pipes as they approach the hot part of the boiler, as also in feed-water heaters and especially in heaters such as water- backs for household service. ' The wide distribution of this type of water and its increasing use for industrial .purposes makes any information as to its behavior desirable. Fifteen years ago such waters were so rarely met with as to be practi- cally without recognition. Today they are of such common occurrence as to call for special consideration concerning their characteristics in practical service. When properly handled they have some features of exceptional advantage. Occasional experiments have been conducted by the writer with a view to making use of that particular property of alkalinity, which re- sults in accumulation of free soda-ash, and sodium hydroxide in the residual water left in the boiler from the continued generation of steam. This residual water, it will readily be seen, is the best possible form of solution for the chemical treatment of the incoming water. If the raw water is allowed to come directly into the boiler, there is set up at once this purifying reaction already mentioned, which results in the pre- cipitation _ of the scaling ingredients within the generator in the form of sludge. To prevent this reaction within the boiler, and at the same time take advantage of the principle by providing for its operation on the outside, the following procedure was followed. TECD BLOW OFF Fig. 1. Experimental Plant for study of boiler water. The accompanying diagram shows an installation devised by the au- thor and used at the Illinois Central roundhouse at Champaign, Illinois. 60 MINERAL CONTENT OF WATERS. [bull. no. 10 The method has been in operation for a number of years with decided advantage over conditions where the same water was fed directly into the boiler. The supply from the pump and feed water heater is forced through the pipe A. By introducing this current into the pipe as at C a jet action is produced which carries into the current the strongly alkaline water from the boiler, thereby reacting with the scale-forming material under the most favorable conditions of heat, etc., to produce complete precipitation of that material. A settling drum is provided, and the water which finally passes from it is free from scale forming ma- terial either dissolved or in the form of sludge. Foaming. One problem, and that often a serious one, presents itself in connec- tion with this type of water, and that is the tendency to foam. A rather extensive series of tests, made in connection with a locomotive in heavy freight service on the Illinois Central, established the limit for alkaline salts of the sulphate and chloride sort as approximately fifty grains per gallon (860 parts per million) ; that is, when an ordin- ary engine tank filled with such water has been all discharged into the boiler, the resulting concentration, bringing the ratio ^up to three or four times the initial amount of alkali, affords a condition to promote foaming when extra stress of work, such as a heavy load, or greater speed, is imposed upon the engine. This tendency to foam is much en- hanced by the presence of free alkali. It will thus be seen that a consideration of the scaling ingredients alone can hardly be made without taking into account the foaming con- stituents. It may be said in general, however, that where free sodium bicarbonate is not present, at least in quantity sufficient to precipitate all of the scale forming material, its character is fairly indicated by the tabulation already given as proposed by the Association of Railway Chemists. As already stated, a water may be definitely considered as liable to foam in locomotive boilers if the quantity of alkaline salts approaches fifty grains to the gallon (860 parts per million) in amount. Stationary boilers, because of more uniformity of service and greater steam space, may not foam even with a much greater amount of alkali present. Other conditions, however, may greatly modify, this assumption. It is alto- gether probable that if conditions could be maintained within the boiler whereby the water would be free from finely divided particles, the tend- ency to foam would be lessened if not entirely removed. The opposite condition is certain to exist in all cases where free sodium carbonate is present in the water. Its action is to precipitate the lime and other scaling ingredients immediately upon the entrance of fresh water to the boiler. Hence, under these conditions, foaming is likely to occur with much less alkaline salt present than fifty grains per gallon (860 parts per million). Especially is this the case where the waters are turbid from finely divided matter in suspension. It will sometimes happen that water from streams carrying this fine material will cause parr.] BOILER WATERS. 61 foaming where the alkaline salts with free sodium carbonate present will not amount altogether to more" than 15 or 20 grains per gallon (258 to 344 parts per million.) Corrosion. Corrosion is ordinarily due to free acid accompanying the teachings from, coal mine water, the iron pyrites upon oxidizing to ferric oxide liberating sulphuric acid. Magnesium chloride is almost equally corrod- ing, and the nitrates of either magnesium or calcium are active in the same direction. These latter combinations rarely occur, and when found are associated with such large quantities of scaling material that the metal surfaces are kept well covered with protecting scale. However, it may be expected that, in such cases, pitting under the scale may occur due to the localized decomposition of the salts and the liberation of free acid. Gases dissolved in water may cause corrosion. This is often to be observed near the inlet of feed pipes where the dissolved oxygen or carbon dioxide of the incoming feed water furnish the conditions favor- able to corrosion. In general, the waters of the free alkali tvne which are self purging have by that fact the conditions present which are most active in pro- moting foaming. By the same conditions, produced artificially by the usual methods of water treatment, either within or outside of the boiler, the chief difficulty encountered is the tendency to foam on the part of the water thus treated. It is not the purpose of this paper to discuss methods of water purification, but rather to present such facts as have a bearing upon the diagnosis of a boiler water, thus enabling one with a reasonable degree of certainty to foretell the probable behavior of the water when used for steaming purposes. 62 MINEEAL CONTENT OF WATERS. [bull. no. 10 THE MEDICINAL SPRINGS OF ILLINOIS. [By George Thomas Palmer, M. D.l] Historical Statement. Until within the past few years, the intelligent study of mineral water therapy, or "crounotherapy," as it is now generally termed, was left al- most entirely to the medical men of the old world. The American min-. eral springs, which were discovered in considerable number early in our national history, received the more or less transitory attention and pat- ronage of laymen and the passing notice of a few physicians, but were developed in such a way as to produce no dependable literature concern- ing their waters or their therapeutic uses. The majority of the water- ing places which sprang into prominence, laid their claims for favor on their facilities for social enjoyment, and, with the changes of fashion, they have fallen into decay. Such data as were accumulated concerning the medicinal value of their waters, were unsupported by competent med- ical observation and frequently bore the earmarks of commercial enter- prise. Valuable mineral springs, which merited the serious attention of " the better element of the medical profession, were advertised in the flamboyant style of the patent medicine vendor, and physicians turned from them with skepticism or with disgust. During this same period, while the valuable medicinal waters of America have been denied the medical profession through unfortunate methods of promotion and through lack of real knowledge concerning them, the spas of the old world,have maintained their place in European therapy and have drawn a not inconsiderable support from the patron- age of the American people. In fact, in foreign countries, mineral water treatment has advanced hand in hand with other therapeutic measures, each year becoming more firmly established and more widely accepted through more careful observation of its efficiency, and this is made apparent through the fact that practically every European text-book or monograph, dealing with therapeutics or the practice of medicine, de- votes a reasonable amount of space to the practical application of min- eral waters. The American medical profession have found it to their advantage to borrow extensively from European medical lore, English translations of European monographs finding a ready market in this country, and as a result of the study of such works, the well-read American physician has gained a fair idea of the value of the waters of Carlsbad, Vals, Vichy and other European watering places, although remaining entirely in lEditor of "The Chicago Clinic and Pure Water Journal," Springfield, 111. palmer.J MEDICINAL SPEINGS. 68 ignorance of the therapeutic applicability of our American waters. Lt was, in all probability, the interest created by the writings of European medical authorities that prompted our recent awakening in our medi- cinal springs. Although it had been contended, in times past, that practically every European water had one or more analogues in the United States, this fact does not seem to have been placed before our medical profession in concrete form until 1901, when Dr. Guy Hinsdale, then of Philadelphia, presented a paper on "Some Analogous European and American Min- eral Springs," 1 before the American Climatological Association. This paper was based upon the extensive investigations of the United States Government, carried out by Dr. A. C. Peale, of the U. S. Geological Sur- vey, 2 and upon the work on "The Mineral Waters of the United States, 3 by Dr. James K. Crook, of New York. In his conclusions. Dr. Hinsdale pointed out that "we have in America the counterpart of nearly all of the springs of Europe/' and, further,' that we have some springs such as Europe has never seen. The comparative lists published by Dr. Hinsdale at that time, offered information which was indeed sur- prising to those who read them and who considered their significance. It was shown to that class of prosperous American physicians, of more or less European training, who had been accustomed to send their pa- tients to the spas of the old world for treatment, that, in so doing, they had imposed unnecessary burdens of time and money upon their patrons; it was indicated, to the far sighted, that a day will come when, as in Europe, crounotherapy will be regarded as a part of the liberal educa- tion of every American -nhysician, and it was demonstrated that we have at hand, in this country, ready for practical, therapeutic application, a wealth of natural resources. The work of Dr. Hinsdale further sug- gested that the extensive literature, collected throughout generations by competent European observers at the various spas, may, with slight modifications and allowances, be made applicable to analogous American waters and, hence, of the greatest practical value to the American phys- ician. Regardless of the revival of interest in our medicinal springs, man- ifested in the early part of the decade, there remained several practical obstacles to the immediate employment of American waters. First, the clinical data in regard to our various waters were not complete or ac- curate, while many of the water analyses were faulty if not absolutely worthless. Second, the knowledge of the members of the medical pro- fession of the general principles of crounotherapy was exceedingly meagre, and American medical colleges showed no inclination to relieve the dearth of information. Third, only a small proportion of American springs had such facilities as would assure comfortable residence and the best of treatment to the sick and afflicted. Fourth, the better class of medical men had not seen it to their advantage, to take up their resi- dence at the various springs, and very frequently the class of resident resort physicians was such as to inspire little or no confidence either on the part of the patient or his family physician. 1 Transactions of the American Climatological Association, Vol. XVII, p. 264. 2 Bull. No. 32- Us S. Geological Survey, 1886, Washington, D. C. 3 Lea Brothers & Co., Philadelphia, 1899. 64 MINERAL CONTENT OF WATERS. [bull. no. 10 During the past few years, however, the attitude of the American physician toward mineral water treatment has appreciably changed. American watering places have been developed and improved as never before known in the nation's history. Hotels, sanitaria and bathing es- tablishments, easily comparable with those of European spas, have been erected at a large number of the spring resorts. The more recent text- books on the practice of medicine and practical therapeutics, have de- voted more attention to crounotherapy than did any of the older works, while several important volumes, 1 devoted exclusively to mineral water and climatic treatment, have been brought forth in American editions. This altered attitude of our general medical literature and the increase in the special literature will better fit the physician to consider crouno- therapy sanely and intelligently. At the same time, a number of the most prominent of American phy- sicians have taken up their residence at the well known springs and the therapeutic possibilities, as well as the limitations of the waters are being determined, by accurate observation. The conscientious work of Peale has rendered the interpretation of mineral water analyses, from a thera- peutic standpoint, far more simple, while the United States Government, influenced, perhaps, by Peale and his associates of the United States Geological Survey, has assumed jurisdiction over several of the more im- portant watering places, preserving to the nation these wonderful natur- al resources and giving assurance of the highest degree of protection to the sufferer who m'ay go to these springs for treatment. Parenthetically, it may be stated, that this government control of mineral springs — which is in accord with the European method — gives promise of becom- ing the strongest factor in doing away with the quackery and charlatanry of our American resorts and of establishing Ainerican springs upon a dignified and substantial basis. So obvious has been the growth of interest in the subject of our mineral springs, and so essential has it become that our medical pro- fession be placed in possession of the real facts in regard to the therapeu- tic value of their waters, that Dr. Joseph D. Bryant, President of the American Medical Association, laid special stress upon the matter in his presidential address, delivered at Atlantic City, in June, 1907/ After referring at length to the necessity for honest and pure drugs — a matter of recognized vital importance to the profession — he said : "But little less important than the preceding (honest and pure drugs) in some respects, would be the careful, scientific consideration of the therapeutic value of the abundant springs of our country. There is much, indeed, of special significance regarding their popular use which might well be gar- nered and put on a sound basis. A scientific cooperation with those in charge of certain baths possessed of traditional specific value might readily guide to improved conditions of significant importance to all those who seek relief. A country as rich as ours in these spontaneous endowments, can well af- ford, in proper ways, to court the attention and support of the afflicted to the decided advantage of all concerned." H refer to "The Therapeutics of Mineral Springs and Climates," by I. Burney Teo, W. T. Keener & Co., Chicago, 1904; "Handbook of Climatic Treatment and Balneology," by Wm. R. Huggard, Macmillan & Co., New York and London, 1906; Solis-Cohen's System of Physiologic Therapeutics, Vol. IX, P. Blakiston's Son & Co., Philadelphia, 1902. 2 Journal of the American Medical A ssociation, June 8, 1907, p. 1909. PALMER.] MEDICINAL SPRINGS. 65 The unreasoning apathy and indifference of past years is changing to active and serious interest and, as is usually the case, the interest is manifested first by those who stand highest, in the profession. The fact that the leaders in medicine — the writers of text books and the moul- ders of professional thought — are awakening to the importance of min- eral water therapy, assures a period of active interest in the subject and that, in a not very distant future. On the eve of this awakening of interest, a consideration of the min- eral water resources of the State of Illinois is important and timely, especially since several of the mineral springs of the State have received recognition by writers of national reputation and in view of the fact that there are doubtless many waters fully as worthy of consideration. So far as I am aware, there has been no systematic attempt to collect the data on Illinois medicinal waters except that resulting in a report made before the Illinois State Medical Society, 1 in 1903. In preparing that report, I was compelled to rely almost entirely upon material already published and upon the "literature" published by the few companies that had developed springs in the State. Acting upon a suggestion made by Dr. I. N. Danforth, in his discussion of my report, I have continued the collection «of material on Illinois springs until, at the present time, although my records are exceedingly defective, I am in the position to say that we have within the State many waters of unquestionable thera- peutic value and the counterparts of many spas and springs which have gained wide repute. The Mineral Springs of Illinois and Their •Classification. Beginning at the northern end of the State, we find, near Waukegan, in Lake county, the Glen Flora Spring, from which is obtained a water containing about 36.41 grains of mineral matter to the gallon (624 parts per million) — a water very similar in character to the waters of Wau- kesha, Wisconsin — a resort which is situated but a short distance north and west. This spring is classed by Peale and Hinsdale 1 as belonging to the alkaline calcic-magnesic (or "earthy water") group, 33.22 of the 36 grains of mineral matter being alkaline carbonates. At Libertyville, in Lake county, is a spring which has been known by several names during its rather varied history. At one time it was called the Purix Spring, and at that time, a number of prominent Chi- cago physicians expressed confidence in its therapeutic efficiency and organized a com'pany for its sale. So far as we are able to ascertain, the water is alkaline-calcic in character, probably not unlike the waters of the lower 'end of Wisconsin. In the southern part of Lake county, near the village of Deerfield, is the Deerlick Spring, producing a light alkaline-saline water, con- taining 45 grains of mineral matter to the gallon (772 parts per million) of which 26.61 grains (456 parts per million) is sodium sulphate — a water very similar to the Piedmont White Sulphur Springs, of Cali- fornia, Doxtatteris mineral well, of New York, and the Healing Springs, 1 Solis-Cohen's System of Physiologic Therapeutics, Vol. IX, p. 320. —5 G 66 MINERAL CONTENT OF WATEES. [bull. no. 10 of Virginia. This water has been, utilized medicinally to a very large extent, especially in Chicago, and has secured the approval of Drs. John B. Murphy, Joseph Zeisler, W. L. Noble and other physicians of prom- inence. At Cary Station, in McHenry county are the Abana Mineral Springs, which are not unlike the Salt Sulphur Springs, of West Virginia, and. which are used commercially to a very considerable extent. The Abana mineral waters are saline-sulphated calcic-sodic-magnesic carbonated in character, having a total mineralization of 510.78 grains to the gallon, (8,740 parts per million), of which 410.13 grains (7,031 parts per million), are sulphates. In Cook county there are but two springs reported as being used medicinally, and of these little reliable information can be obtained. The Sylvan Dell Sulpho-Magnesian Spring is situated just outside the corporate limits of Chicago, and just north of Oak Park, while the other, the Alcyone Spring, is located at Western Springs, where its waters are utilized by a sanitarium. Near the boundary between Kane and Kendall counties, are two springs of commercial importance — the Montgomery Magnesia and the Aurora Lithia Springs. The waters of both these springs have been sold extensively in Chicago. The Montgomery Magnesia Spring affords an alkaline sodic water containing 38.92 grains of mineral matter to the gallon, (668 parts per million), of which a large part is made up of the carbonates of sodium. The water is very similar to that of the Bladen Springs of Alabama. Near these springs, however, is another which gives considerable promise of therapeutic value. This is the Min-Ni-Yan Spring, at Bris- tol, Kendall county — or, rather a group of springs of that name, giving forth water having an average mineralization of 24.91 grains to the gallon, (427 parts per million), alkaline-saline calcic-magnesic alumino- chalybeate, the water percolating through a large deposit of peat or mud which may be utilized, in time to come, for the peat or mad baths which have been employed so successfully at Carlsbad, and, in our own country, at Mudlavia, Indiana, Las Vegas, New Mexico and at the Byron Springs of California. A short distance from Elgin, in Kane county, is the Zonian . Spring, similar in the character of its water to the All Healing Spring, of North Carolina — that is, an alkaline calcic-magnesic water, containing 15.69 grains (269 parts per million) of mineral matter and 12.20 grains (209 parts per million) of alkaline carbonates. It will be noted that all the foregoing springs, with the exception of Deer Lick, are light alkaline calcic-magnesic, similar in character and in therapeutic applicability to the well known waters of Waukesha, Min-Ni-Yan Spring having the additional feature of mud or peat deposits. At Ottawa, LaSalle county, we find a water which materially differs from those of northern Illinois, coming from the Sanicula Spring. This water contains 170.77 grains (2,928 parts per million) of mineral matter to the gallon, 15.32 grains (263 parts per million) being alka- line carbonates and 139.64 grains (2,394 parts per million) of chlor- palmer.] MEDICINAL SPRINGS. 67 ides. This is an alkaline-saline-calcic-sodic muriated water which is said to be of considerable therapeutic value, and, while much weaker in mineral salts, is of the same general type as the waters of Saratoga. In Eock Island county are three springs, which are said to have some local reputation, but of which little is really known. . These are the Illinois City Artesian Well, at Illinois City; the Black Hawk Spring, at Eock Island, and the Eenna Wells, at Andalusia. The water of the Aqua Vitae Spring, situated near Maquon, Knox county, has been classed by Peale as a sulphated acid water which ijs calcic-magnesic alumino-chalybeate. This water contains 2.57 grains (44 parts per million) of free sulphuric acid, 55.38 grains (950 parts per million) of iron salts, and 223 grains (3,830 parts per million) of sulphates, with a total mineralization of 258.04 grains (4,481 parts per million. This is a type of water which is unknown in Europe, the analy- sis of no spa water showing the presence of free acid. Similar to it are the Texas Sour Wells, the Oak Orchard Springs of New York, the Iowa Acid Spring of Iowa and Gaylord and G-ulick's Mineral Spring of Pennsylvania. A rather remarkable sulphated iron water, containing 69 grains (1,183 parts per million), of iron sulphate to the ' gallon, comes from the Schuyler County Spring, located in Schuyler county — a water not unlike that of the Aqua 'Vitae Spring above described, except that it contains no free sulphuric acid — and one which is quite similar to the European spas of Alexisbad, Mitterbad and Parad. Little is known of the Eed Avon Spring, situated at Avon, Fulton county. The Versailles Springs, in Brown county, are very similar to the St. Moritz Spring of Switzerland, being calcic-magnesic alumino-chaly- beate, with a total mineralization of 192.93 grains, (3,308 parts per million), of wnich 22.42 grains, (385 parts per million), are iron salts and 167.82 grains, (2,877 parts per million) sulphates. The American analogues of this spring are the Austin Springs of Tennessee, the Cresson Alum Spring of Pennsylvania, and the Eldorado Park Spring of Missouri. The Perry Springs, of Pike county, at one time flourished as a summer resort with a hotel capable of accommodating 200 guests, which was crowded each season by visitors from Illinois and a number of sur- rounding states. One of the springs (No. 1), is alkaline calcic-magnesic in character, containing 38.24 grains (656 parts per million) of mineral matter of which 32.90 grains (564 parts per million) is made up otf alkaline carbonates. This water is almost identical with the waters of Waukesha., Wisconsin, not only in the character but also in the amounts of mineral salts. It is consequently, very much like the waters in northern Illinois, first referred to in this paper. In addition to this alkaline spring, there are also at Perry Springs, sulphuretted and ferru- ginous springs which have attained a local reputation. Information concerning the Carburetted Springs, near Decatur, Macon county, is so meagre that it is of no significance. 68 MINEEAL CONTENT OF WATEES. [bull. no. 10 The Greenup or Cumberland Springs, at Greenup, Cumberland county, produce an alkaline-saline sodic water, containing 184.95 grains (3,171 parts per million) of mineral matter to the gallon, of which 113.31 grains (1,943 parts per million) are chlorides and 75.95 grains 1,302 parts per million) alkaline-carbonates. . This water is quite sim- ilar to those of the Castalian, Glen Alpine and El Paso de Kobles Springs of Caliornia, although the latter are thermal waters. Greenup has been developed, to a slight extent, as a resort, and the water has been used commercially. In Madison county, near Grant Pork, is the Diamond Spring, men- tioned by Crook, but concerning which little seems to be known. The Sailor Springs, in Clay county (two in number) have been used for resort purposes and are now visited annually by large numbers of people. Crook states that the waters have a local reputation for the treatment of certain digestive and urinary disturbances, but there is no accurate information obtainable. The American Carlsbad Springs, located at Nashville, Washington county, are badly named, the similarity to Carlsbad being slight. Pealei 1 however, has selected this water as the type of the American analogues of the water of Pullna, Bohemia, it being a saline sodic-magnesic water, containing 258.90 grains (4,439 parts per million) of mineral matter with 222.50 grains (3,814 parts per million) of sulphates (chiefly mag- nesium sulphate) to the gallon. At Mount Vernon, Jefferson county, are the Green Lawn Springs, of which the Washington Spring, affording an alkaline calcic-chaly- beate water, is very similar to the waters of Massanetta Springs, Vir- ginia, and the Stafford Mineral Springs of Mississippi. The Tivoli Spring, at Chester, Eandolph county, and the Western Saratoga Spring, near Anna, Union county, are not developed and little is known concerning them. A mineral spring resort, which promises much for the future, is Creal Springs, in Williamson county. This resort is well improved, the Ozark hotel and bath houses offering good accommodations, the sul- phated chalybeate waters being used extensively in treatment. The Dixon Springs, near Grantsburg, Pope county, afford a sul- phated chalybeate water, reputed to be of considerable value. The Poss Mineral Springs, of Saline county, are mentioned by Peale in his lists of sulphuretted springs. We find on reviewing the foregoing data, that we have in Illinois more or less valuable types of some of the most important classes of mineral waters. That the character of the individual waters may be the more easily appreciated, the following table has been arranged to show the classification of the principal Illinois medicinal waters, the quanti- ties of the salts contained in them and their American and European analogues, the data being given in grains per gallon and in parenthesis parts per million: l Solis-Cohen's System of Physiologic Therapeutics, Vol. IX, p. 340. PALMER.] MEDICINAL SPRINGS. 69 ALKALINE WATERS. Alkaline carbonates. Total solids. Sodic. Montgomery magnesia springs 1 Bladen springs, Alabama Calcic- Magnesic Glen Flora springs 1 Perry springs, (No. I) 1 White Rock spring, Waukesha, Wis . . Zonian spring 1 Eastman springs, M ichigan 36.61 (627.) 43.99 (754.) 33.22 32.90 32.13 12.20 13.35 (569.) (564.) (551.) (209.) (229.) 38.92 48.88 36.41 38.24 37.06 15.69 13.57 (667.) (838.) (624.) (656.) (635.) (269.) (233.) ALKALINE-SALINE WATERS. (Sulphated.) Alkaline carbonates. Sulphates. Total solids. Sodic- Magnesic. Deer Lick spring 1 26.61 (456.) 24.89 (427.) 45.00 (770.) Piedmont white sulphur spring 22.85 (391.) 62.61 (1073.) ALKALINE-SALINE waters. (Chalybeate Sulphated.) Iron salts. Alkaline carbonates. Sulphates. Total solids. Min-Ni-Yan spring 1 Harbin springs, California . . Versailles spring 1 5.80 (100.) 1.90 (32.5) 22.42 (384.) 44.64 (765.) 2.39 2 (41.) 71. 80* (1231) 66. 00 3 (1130) phate waters; 14.91 (256.) 23.63 (405.) 3.62 (62.) 11.36 (195.) 167.82 (2877.) 90.28 (1548.) 125.94 (2159.) 24.91 (427.) 46.53 (798.) 192.93 (3308.) 145.36 (2492.) 172.00 (2949.) St. Moritz, Switzerland Schuyler county spring 1 Creal springs U , , Dixon springs f lron sul amounts not known. ALKALINE-SALINE WATERS. (Muriated.) Alkaline carbonates. Chlorides. Total solids. Sodic. Cumberland mineral spring 1 . . Howard springs, California . .. Calcic -Sodic. Sanicula spring 1 Saratoga (Excelsior) spring . .. 75.95 (1302) 45.56 (781) 15.32 (263) 124.34 (2132) 113 31 (1943) 111.15 (1906) 139.64 (2394) 377.65 (6474) 184.95 (3171) 156.84 (2689) 170.77 (2928) 514.75 (8825) 1 Denotes Illinois springs. 2 Iron sulphate. 70 MINEEAL CONTENT OF WATEES [BULL. NO. 10 saline waters. (Sulphated.) Sodium sulphate. Sulphates. Total solids. Sodic-Magnesic. American Carlsbad springs 1 Pullna, Bohemia 53.00 (910) 990.40 (16979) Calcic- Sodic-Magnesic. Abana mineral spring 1 Salt sulphur spring, West Virginia. 222.50 (3815) 1794.29 (30761) 410.13 (7031) 125.47 (2151) 259.90 (4456) 2010.46 (3(467) 510.78 (8757) 150.28 (2577) SULPHURIC ACID WATERS. Sulphuric acid. Iron salts. Sulphates. Total solids. Calcic- M ague sic- Chafybeate. Aqua Vitae spring 1 Pate sour well, Texas Gaylord & Gulick's spring, Pa Texas sour wells, Texas 2.57 (44) 1.32 .(22) 5.64 (97) 7.26 (124) 55.38 (949) 69.19 1186) 31.65 (543) 7.58 (130) 223.66 (3834) 167.60 (2873) 76.98 (1320) 248.84 (4266) 258.04 (4424) 188.98 (3240) 85.20 (1461) 448.98 (7697) MUD OR PEAT BATHS. Min-Ni-Yan Spring. 1 Austro- Hungary: Mehadia, Pystjan and Warasdin-Toeplitz. France: Aix-les-Bains. Italy: Acqui. Sweden: Loka. United States: Arrowhead Hot Springs, Byron Hot Springs, Byron Spring, El Paso de Kobles, Hot Mud Springs, all of California; Mudlavia, in Indiana; Las Vegas Hot Springs, New Mexico. Therapeutics. It must be borne in mind that the mineral water analysis is not, in itself, enough to base our conclusions of mineral water application upon. The classification of a water, based upon the published analysis, is ex- ceedingly suggestive of its therapeutic applications, but our therapy is not well founded unless, in -addition to the determination of the mineral salts contained in a water, we have some corroborative evidence in the form of clinical data. If all analyses were correct — as unfortunately, they are not — classifi- cation together with a thorough understanding of the therapeutic indi- cations of similar waters, would give us a sound working basis. In the present state of our knowledge of mineral waters, we must bring to- gether all available evidence and, even then, our deductions may prove erroneous. The following observations on the clinical or therapeutic uses of Illi- nois medicinal waters are based upon: (1) the analysis; (2) the clin- ical data obtainable concerning each water; (3) the therapeutic re- sults obtained by using identical or similar waters. Taking up first, the alkaline so die waters, of which the Montgomery Magnesia Spring is a •type, and which depend for their activity upon the sodium carbonates in them, we find first that Montgomery magnesia l Denotes Illinois springs. palmer.] MEDICINAL SPEINGS. 71 water is already credited by eastern writers as being an excellent diur- etic, especially applicable in rheumatism and the gouty diathesis. Clin- ical evidence concerning Bladen Springs, Alabama, which produces a water with almost an identical analysis, indicates that this type of water is of value in chronic indigestion, functional disease of the kidneys, diabetes and catarrhal conditions of the urinary tract. Kisch and Hinsdale 1 give, as the indications for a water of this type; gastric ca- tarrh, catarrhal conditions of the respiratory tract, catarrhal conditions of the urinary bladder and of the biliary passages and catarrhal jaun- dice. In recommending waters of this class for chronic gastritis, these writers suggest that the water should be taken warm and that, instead of the large quantities usually taken in the morning, there should be small quantities at numerous times throughout the day. The alkaline calcic-mag nesic waters, of which there are several represen- tatives in Illinois, are best known therapeutically through the wide ex- perience with the waters of Waukesha, Wisconsin. These "earthy waters" are used in chronic cystitis, in nephritis, in tendency to form- ation of kidney or bladder stone, in bronchial catarrh with profuse secretions, in scrofula and rickets and in any of those conditions in which increased excretion is desired — in the so-called uric acid diathesis, gout, etc. In diabetes mellitus these waters have attained considerable reputation and there is not the slightest doubt but that their use is accompanied by good results. Wilcox, in his' recent work on the treat- ment of disease, questions the advantage of the lighter mineral waters over any good drinking water, but he contends that the free use of water between meals is of importance in the treatment. He adds, in- cidentally, that the patient will drink the bottled spring waters, or the waters at the springs, more regularly and more systematically than the water at home. This would seem to be an admission that, in his ex- perience, the diabetics using these waters have obtained better results than those not using them. Be this as it may, an exceedingly large number ' of competent physicians are satisfied that the calcic-magnesic carbonated waters are of distinct benefit to the diabetic and a prolonged residence at Waukesha inclines me to concur in this belief. Of the alkaline-saline so dic-mag nesic sulphated waters, Deer Lick is a type. Both in the use of this water and that of the Piedmont White Sulphur Springs of California — its American analogue — experience has taught that benefit may be expected in various digestive disorders, in anemia (particularly of auto-toxemic origin), in rheumatism and in functional disorders of the liver and kidneys. The water is regarded as tonic, markedly diuretic and slightly aperient. The alkaline-saline chaloyoeate sulphated waters, of which there are several worthy of note within the State, have very broad therapeutic in- dications — their therapeutic activity being due to the combination of the alkaline carbonates, the sulphates of magnesium "and sodium and the iron salts. The more lightly mineralized waters of this group have been advocated in the treatment of stone of the kidney and, for many years it was erroneously contended that the beneficial effect was due to a direct l Solis-Cohen's System of Physiologic Therapeutics, Vol. IX. 72 MINERAL CONTENT OF WATERS. [bull. no. 10 solvent action upon the concretions. At the present time this view is not accepted. The benefit derived from the water comes from the marked diuretic action, from the flushing out of the kidneys preventing the formation of new concretions and expelling those of very small size. These waters are of distinct advantage in chronic hyperemia of the liver, due to sedentary life and habitual constipation, especially when an anemic, toneless condition underlies the clinical manifestations. Kisch 1 advises these waters in diarrhoea, especially when caused by "in- creased or qualitatively altered secretion of bile." The waters of this class frequently contain very considerable quanti- ties of sulphuretted hydrogen gas — the so-called "sulphurous waters" — a class long recommended in the treatment of syphilis. It is quite true that the internal use of the valine sulphurous waters, and the frequent sulphurous baths, increase the elimination of the mercurials, either by stimulating the activity of the skin, the gastro-intestinal tract and the kidneys, or, as suggested by Kisch — by forming certain definite chemical combinations with the mercurial salts. However, the idea that the sul- phurous waters are in any way specific in syphilis, or that, as formerly contended, they "render apparent latent syphilis and assure diagnosis/' is entirely without foundation. In syphilis, the alkaline-saline or saline drinking cures, without sulphuretted hydrogen, will be found quite as effective as when the 'sulphuretted waters are used. So far, these re- marks have been confined to the milder types of this group' — of which Min-M-Yan is a type — a group which Hinsdale 1 believes may be relied upon for many of the beneficient results obtained from the waters of Eranzenbad, Elster, Bohitsch and Bertrich. Turning to the stronger iron sulphated waters, — such as Versailles, Schuyler county, Creal and Dixon Springs, in Illinois — we find ample justification in the literature of Europe for the following conclusions : Such waters are tonic, and astringent and antiseptic or disinfectant to the digestive tract. In chronic diarrhoea and in chronic malarial cachexia they have been found of value, while certain observers feel justified in strongly recommending them in the after-treatment of gas- tric ulcer, particularly where there have been extensive and exhausting hemorrhages. In anemia — especially when due to conditions of auto- intoxication — these waters in small quantities internally, and used as baths, have been found of value, while in the scrofulous conditions as- sociated with anemia, the results are especially gratifying. Kisch 2 speaks highly of the sulphated chalybeate waters for scrofulous girls at puberty "who do not exhibit erethistic conditions of the vascular system." Another group of cases in which these waters have been used by cer- tain European clinicians is that in which sexual neurasthenia prevails in the clinical picture, with impotence, pollutions and similar pheno- mena. In such cases, the baths have a nerve invigorating effect, Used internally, the waters should be taken in small quantity, that the bladder may not be overdistended, and they should be freed from their gases, to prevent undue irritation of the urinary tract. 1 Solis-Cohen's System of Physiologic Therapeutics, Vol. IX. 2 Loc. cit. palmer.] MEDICINAL SPRINGS. 73 In anemia, associated with fatty heart, in the anemia following ex- hausting disease and in chlorosis, these waters have been frequently recommended, while the iron sulphate baths have been found beneficial in the nervous disorders of the heart. Some writers have claimed their use to be beneficial in exophthalmic goitre, especially when the springs have been so located as to offer advantages of favorable climate. The alkaline-saline muriqted waters of which there are two of con- siderable promise in Illinois, have long been recognized as therapeuti- cally valuable by European observers. Perhaps the largest amount of clinical data has been collected in Ems, but at Saratoga Springs, in our own country, practical experience with this class of waters has been ex- tensive. Used in the form of baths, this water has been of value in chronic muscular and articular rheumatism. In the drinking cures it has been employed in the treatment of chronic passive stasis, such as oc- curs in heart disease, pulmonary emphysema, general obesity and in drunkards, in blennorrhea of the urethra, in irritation from urinary calculi and in those conditions which bring about vesical hemorrhoids. Europeans favor the use of these waters in chronic enlargement of the spleen especially when due to syphilis, mercurial cachexia, scrofula or rickets. While there is little or no clinical evidence bearing upon the subject in this country, several competent foreign observers, report good results from these waters in amyloid degeneration of the liver. In catarrhal jaundice, where no profound changes have taken place the alkaline-saline-muriated waters may be employed at home with benefit; but, in the advanced cases, a sojourn at the springs is indicated. In the chronic diarrhea of the emaciated and enfeebled, these waters have been employed with great benefit, especially in the presence of intestinal catarrh, but in such cases the water should be used judiciously and only small doses employed. At Ems — which is a most important European source of this class of water — the results in the treatment of gastric catarrh, with hyper- chlorhydria, flatulence and cardialgia have been most gratifying, as they have been in those cases of suspicious bronchial catarrh, where tuber- culosis is suspected, but where the bacilli have not been demonstrated. In gout, benefit is obtained by the internal use of these waters in combination with baths, through the counteracting of the underlying derangement of metabolism, the stimulation of elimination and the local symptomatic relief of joints, muscles and tendons. Conditions of the urine, with uric acid sediment of moderate amount, yield readily to the proper use of these waters. The American Carlsbad and the Abana Springs represent the saline sulpliated or "bitter water" group of springs. Waters of this class de- pend chiefly for their activity upon the magnesium sulphate and sodium sulphate they contain. It is the purgative property of the former salt, with its stimulating effect upon the secretions of the intestinal canal, its influence in liquefying fecal matter and its pronounced stimulating effect upon the mucous membranes that renders it most effective. It must be 'borne in mind, however, that the stronger "bitter waters" must be used in very small quantities and that their use must not extend over 74 MINEEAL CONTENT OF WATERS. [bull. no. 10 a great length of time, else, in the opinion of many observers there will occur a reduction in the alubuminous constitutents of the body and impairment of the blood formation, while mild and severe degrees of gastric or intestinal catarrh may result. The Illinois waters of this type may be relied upon for satisfactory results, but, on account of the comparatively small quantities of salts contained in them, they may be taken with less concern, as to these unpleasant features. ~No class of mineral waters has been used more extensively by both the medical profession and the people than this, and abundant clinical evi- dence supports the use of the waters in the following conditions: For the production of free catharsis; in small, repeated doses to overcome fecal impaction, to stimulate the elimination of waste products of bodily metabolism, in pleural and other serous effusions, enteritis and peri- tonitis to keep the bowels open, in the peculiar diarrhea due to im- pacted masses of feces in the colon, in acute febrile conditions and in atonic states, in the latter case, being used in association with a good ferruginous tonic. In chlorosis and anemia, dependent upon fecal im- paction, this water is of especial value. In disease of the kidneys, with general anasarca or ascites, such waters are of value, but should not be pushed to the extent of causing violent catharsis, inasmuch as profuse watery stools decrease the diuretic effect. When we appreciate the great frequency of constipation and of faulty elimination, especially among those of sedentary life and liberal dietary habit, we find a logical reason for the beneficial effects in the use of the saline sulphated waters, even when employed in the absence of intelli- gent medical advice or supervision. The conditions dependent upon failure to eliminate waste products constitute a group of cases as ill- defined as it is broad, and it is unquestionably true that there is, in con- nection with well-defined pathologic states, frequently an element of auto-intoxication which, if eliminated, would render the original con- dition far more amenable to treatment. European literature contains no reference to the sulphated acid waters and, on that account, the American waters of that class have been generally neglected in the past. Hinsdale 1 calls attention to these waters and to the fact that- none of this type is to be found in Europe, but he says nothing of their therapeutic uses. Crook, 2 in describing waters of this class, states that they are used clinically and with con- siderable success as a tonic, alterative and astringent. Locally the waters are employed in conjunctivitis, pharyngitis and in leucorrhea. They have also been used in dyspepsia and intestinal disorders. As previously stated, there is at least one deposit of mud within the. State, through which mineral waters have percolated for many years, and mud of such character as to be readily utilized for mud baths. Such baths, properly applied, are extremely useful in relieving inflam- matory diseases of the joints, various paralyses and neuralgia. The hot mud packs increase the activity of the skin, adding materially to the general process of elimination. 1 Solis-Cohen's System of Physiologic Therapeutics, Vol. IX. 2 Mineral V^aters of the United States, Lea Brothers & Co., 1899. palmer.] MEDICINAL SPRING'S. 75 In presenting these notes on the medicinal waters of Illinois and their indications in the treatment of disease, I desire to 'lay special stress upon one or two general considerations. First, it is not the belief of any physician who has intelligently studied mineral water therapy that crounotherapy will ever take the place of the rational use of drugs. It will never be more than a branch of general therapy. At the same time, however, we believe that this will constitute an important branch which will render our general methods of treatment far more effective. In the address delivered by Dr. Bryant before the American Medical Association, quoted in an earlier part of this paper, attention is called to the significance of the extensive popular use of mineral waters and the necessity for prompt action in putting the subject on a sound basis. This can only be done by the members of the medical profession, and a certain amount of the labor will fall, not upon those who are specializ- ing in this field and collecting data for general use, but upon the physicians residing in the vicinity of the individual springs. We have pointed out that, in Illinois, we have types of the most im- portant mineral springs. So far as comparison of analyses can take us, these waters are capable of employment in the treatment of a wide range of diseases. Clinical observation and intelligent clinical observa- tion will be necessary to substantiate our hypotheses and deductions. It now remains for the medical men of Illinois to do their part and, if this part is done conscientiously and well, there is every reason to be- lieve that, in the spa treatment of disease, which is destined to greater popularity in America, we shall not have to go beyond the boundaries of our own State for the proper resort treatment of our sick and afflicted. 76 MINERAL CONTENT OF WATERS. [BULL. NO. 10 ANALYSES OF Abingdon Knox Abingdon Abingdon Abingdon Laboratory number 2287 9738 9739 9159 . Date May 30, 1897.... J. J. Roger Spring Nov. 12, 1901... R.Harshberger Spring Nov. 12, 1901... R.Harshberger July 6, 1901.... S. T. Mosser . . 1355 feet . Owner Depth Strata Rock Rock St. Peter's Turbidity Color 01 Odor Milligrams per 1,000 c. c. Milligrams per 1,000 c. c. Milligrams per 1,000 c. c. Milligrams per 1,000 c. c. Total residue 1085.6 26.4 Chlorine 115. Oxygen consumed 5. fFree ammonia.. 1.472 .132 Nitrogen as. ^ Ni ^ ites " .04 ^.Nitrates .48 6.6 40.1 2.7 13.5 2.1 14.3 43.9 103.6 .9 .7 6.2 47.5 119.5 230.7 1.9 418.9 111.6 .3 42. 1989.6 38.2 101.4 4."8 .7 6.6 39.7 - 36.0 75.2 Ferrous Fe 1.8 SilicaSi 7.9 Nitrate N0 3 2.1 115.0 Sulphate S0 4 393.4 Hypothetical §1 Q trqw IS Is O CIS CfiS 13 3 3. 11 trqtJ hd 3£ §1 Q CfQ'd .6 12.1 .03 .70 1.1 4.3 .OP .25 1.1 3.2 .06 .19 3.5 20.3 .20 Potassium Chloride 1.18 59.8 53.8 3.48 3.13 7.6 32.5 .44 1.90 7.8 34.6 .46 2.02 173.7 500.8 10.07 29.05 .3 .02 6.9 .40 124.2 7.24 22.2 117.4 1.29 6.85 26.9 134.0 1.57 7.81 62.4 81.5 3.62 4.73 1,422.8 ' 453J 83.0 "26!43 Calcium Carbonate — 253.4 14.78 259.0 15.08 187.8 10.89 5.0 9.5 .29 .55 4.8 1.7 . .28 .1 1.4 3.4 .08 .2 597.5 49.2 34.86 2.87 Silica 26.4 1.54 26.0 1.52 16.8 .97 Total 2,773.1 161.74 479.4 27.95 499.4 29.11 1058.5 61.39 Analyst C. E .R. A.E . E. A.E .E. A. L M. BARTOW ET. AL.] WATEE ANALYSES. 77 ILLINOIS WATERS. Aledo Mercer 10597 Algonquin .. McHenry . .. 3514 Algonquin McHenry . 9373 Sept.13,1901 J.M.Pyatts 80 feet Rock Flowing. .. Altamont Effingham .. 4543 Dec. 29, 1898. A.P.Sy 144 feet Rock Altamont.. Effingham. 10168 Jan. 6, 1902. J.K.Wal'ce 137 feet .... Sandstone . Alton Madison. .. 2211 May 12, 1897 L.F. Schu'r 80 feet Sept. 3,1902.. A. Calhoun.. 280 feet Limestone .. April 28, 1898 B. B. Stewart 160 feet Drift Decided Yellow None Slight .02 None Distinct.... .4 None Distinct .06 .000 Decided . .. Yellow .... .000 Distinct.... Yellow .... None Milligrams per 1,000 c. c. Milligrams per 1,000 c. c. Milligrams perl.OOOc.c. Milligrams per 1,000 c. c. Milligrams perl.OOOc.c. Milligrams perl.OOOc.c. 650. 36 8 41. 5. 1.2 .032 .001 18.0 7.8 156.5 1.5 294. 21.2 2.5 - 3.7 .64 .074 None .45 6.0 73.2 .8 11.6 22.1 .73 .8 6.5 •> 2^5 3.6 336.4 20.8 1. 4.1 2.32 .088 None . .do 4.8 21.4 3.0 13.2 46.9 1.8 32.1 24.2 1026.8 50. 185. 13. 5.4 .226 None .1 11.5 290.0 6.9 30.0 67.1 .5 .7 9. .5 185.0 12.0 1005.2 18.4 341. 7.1 1.4 .096 None .24 9.5 304.2 414. ~ 56.8 4. 1.5 .4 .018 None .04 1.6 15.4 23.5 49.4 1.2 7.1 3.0 .6 27.0 36.8 2.9 6.6 6.1 1.0 341.0 9.3 35.7 108.6 5.6 2.1 12.3 .2 4. 12.4 41. 89. 1.0 1.2 Combinations. ►a Is C cjg. JQ'O 95 (I ►d 33 Is O CfQW 93 i*D Is Q »§■■ 93 n *0 3£ Is O Cfll aqtJ p ft ►tJ 3£ Is O O95 tag JQtJ 93 n *d a 3 O j»g CTQtJ 93^ O .9 .or. .84 3.2 5.2 4.4 .19 .30 .26 .7 21.4 .04 1.34 1.7 17.0 .09 .99 .3 3. .02 .17 KNCs 14.3 2.i 2.2 4.8 .12 .13 .28 KC1 K 2 S0 4 K 2 C0 3 56.6 3.31 7.68 12.25 288.1 17.9 394.8 16.80 1.05 23.03 549.5 13.8 192.5 32.05 .80 11.23 4.2 18.6 18.1 .24 1.08 1.06 NaCl 131.7 1.7 167.3 .10 9.76 Na, S0 4 210.0 49.5 2.88 Na 2 C0 3 (NH 4 ) 2 S0 4 .... 4.1 .24 2.2 .13 8.0 .47 18.3 1.07 (NH 4 ) 2 C0 3 .... MgSU 4 80.2 4.68 40.5 2.36 46. 2.68 104.4 6.09 94.1 5.49 117.4 6.85 MgC0 3 CaS0 4 123.6 7.21 55.2 3.22 117.2 6.85 166.2 9.69 91.8 5.36 272.0 15.86 CaC0 3 FeS0 4 2.6 .15 .08 1.5 .2 .09 .01 3.7 61.1 .22 3.57 1.1 1.4 .06 .08 6.1 12.4 .36 .72 11.6 4. .67 .23 Fe CQ 3 1.4 A1 2 3 AL (SOJ3 6.4 .37 2.27 12.2 .71 51.5 3.00 19.2 1.11 12.8 .75 26.1 1.52 Si 2 38.9 670.7 39.13 293.6 17.13 346.1 20.20 1033.5 60.26 991.7 57.84 475.3 27.70 A.D.E. R. W.S. A.D.E. R. W.S. A.D.E. C.R.R. 78 MINEKAL CONTENT OE WATERS. [BULL. NO. 10 Analyses of Illinois Town Alto Pass Union 4589 Amboy &pple River .. , To Daviess < )831 ( 2929 50 Date Jan. 7, 1899 .... Will Turk Nov. 10, 1897... City supply . .. 2, 100 feet Rock Nov. 1, 1901... I. C. R. R.... Stream Dct 7. 189") Owner J F Heffner. Depth Strata Capacity Remarks flowing Turbidity Distinct .03 None Distinct .7 .000 Decided . . Color Odor Milligrams per 1,000 c. c. Milligrams per 1,000c. c. Milligrams per 1,000 c. c. Milligrams per 1,000 c. c. Total residue 450.8 18.8 3.5 2.5 .012 .000 2.4 8.2 349.2 33.2 .5 2.7 .72 ..018 .000 2.8 13.7 .9 34 9 86.3 1.6 7.1 6.5 2.2 .5 7.7 Chlorine 5.4 fFree ammonia.. Nitrogen as.-! Nitrites Potassium K 16.1 380.1 Ammonium (NH 4 ) Magnesium Mg 19.5 79.2 .2 .5 5.9 .17 3.5 10.4 .02 41.2 54.9 2.9 Calcium Ca 7.9 2.7 Aluminium Al .8 4.4 N itrate N 3 .' Chloride CI 5.4 .9 114. Sulphate S0 4 9.4 Hypothetical O Q oag s» Co 35 C3 2t G P3 CO 35 CJ CO G p Co Potassium Nitrate ... .3 4.3 .02 .25 3.6 1.1 1.9 .21 .06 .11 Potassium Chloride Trace Trace Potassium Carbonate Sodium Chloride 2.3 15.4 5.5 .13 .89 .32 8.9 13.8 20.3 .52 .81 1.19 188. 14. 696. 10.96 Sodium Sulphate Sodium Carbonate 9. 14.1 .52 .82 .82 40.62 Ammonium Chloride 2.5 .14 Magnesium Chloride Magnesium Sulphate Magnesium Carbonate 67.6 3.93 125.2 7.30 143.2 8.36 9.1 .53 Calcium Chlorde Calcium Sulphate 197.8 11.53 212.6 12.39 137.2 2.0 8.00 .12 19.7 J..15 .5 .9 .03 .05 3.2 1.9 .18 .11 6. .31 Aluminium Sulphate Silica 12.6 .73 13.8 .80 1.8 69.8 .11 4.08 9.3 .54 Suspended matter Trace 307.2 Trace 397.0 23.19 942.1 Total 17.88 388.9 22.64 54.96 Analyst R. ~\ V. s. R. \ V. S. A. I ). E. A. \ V. P. BARTOW, ET AL.] WATER ANALYSES. 79 Waters — Continued. Ashkum Ashland Ashland . .. Assumption.. 1 Astoria Atlanta Cass Cass 7439 Apr. 30, 1900 Christian 9198 Fulton 3491 Logan . .. 3718 June 22,1898 9023 6123 Mar. 6, 1901.. Oct. 19, July 22, 1901.. Apr. 22, 1898 H.G. Morel. Silas Hexter. H.S.Sav'ge W.S. Walker S. N.Flik'n E.R.Mason 185 Spring 14 feet 18 feet. 1, 650 feet'. .. 147 feet .... Rock Clay Sand City sup'ly Distinct — Decided Distinct Decided ... Decided Distinct Yellow Yellow Yellow Red .03 .2 None None ... .. None None .000 .000 Milligram's Milligrams Milligrams Milligrams Milligrams Milligrams per 1,000 c. c. per 1,000 c. c. per 1,000c. c. per 1,000 c. c. per 2, 000c. c. per l.OOOc.c. 682.4 447.2 682. 350. 3,6^0.2 511.2 64. 16.4 43. 22. 66.0 18.8 295. 8.0 1. 26. 1,085. 4.8 9.2 4.4 14. 3.6 6.1 9.5 2.8S 1.6 12.8 .288 .093 3.44 .048 .24 .416 .032 .018 .168 .018 .000 .004 .000 .08 .022 .12 2 .08 .79 .15 7.3 1.7 3.0 1.3 120.8 26.9 36.2 35.1 1. 003. 7 31.2 3.7 2.0 43.1 16.4 49.4 .3 25.3 4.4 43.1 43.1 59.4 44.3 106.4 135.3 60.6 139.1 97.1 5.4 2.3 10.4 8.5 1.1 3.8 1.3 .8 5.1 2.5 .2 .7 2.7 10.2 17.6 12.8 6.5 9.3 .09 .7 .9 .3 3.4 .7 295, 8.0 1.0 26.0 1,085.0 4.8 2.4 4.3 .2 6.3 1,039.4 18.1 Combinations. a " a i-i : C Is Q IS. O e.2 II O a>g 13 3£ a;cc |S a >-< O *0 a:oa a 4 ) 3 SiO. 5.8 .34 21.4 1.24 36.3 2.12 27.3 1.58 13.8 .80 19.8 1.15 30.23 626.5 36.54 517.4 30.16 714.6 41.62 360.8 20.92 3515.1 205.00 519.0 A. R. J. R. W. S. R. W. S. A. L. M. R. W. S. R. W. S. 80 MINEEAL CONTENT OF WATERS. [BULL NO. 10 Analysis of Illinois Atlanta Logan 3719 Atwood Piatt Atwood Piatt . Aurora County Laboratory number 3164 .. 10603 6584 Date June 22,1898... E, R. Mason .. 147 ft Jan. 12,1898.... Hanks& Helton 75 ft Sept. 8,1902.... E. Moore 108 ft Dec 25 1899 I. Prichard 90 ft Depth Strata Gravel Clay Sand Rock Capacity 2884 gal. day... Flowing Very slight 01 Remarks City supply . .. Turbidity Distinct .2 .000 Distinct .4 .000 Decided Yellow .000 Color Odor 000 Milligrams per 1000 c. c. Milligrams per 1000 c. c. Milligrams per 1000 c. c. Milligrams per 1000 c. c. 272. 874.4 609.2 539 2 Disolved Loss on ignition 34. 64.8 73.2 26 4 Suspended 7.5 3.52 .152 13. .044 .4 12.1 5.2 .246 7 Oxygen consumed 2 3 I Alb. ammonia. .. .264 .032 .000 .15 3.6 32.1 4.5 45.7 93.9 3.1 1.3 8.4 .5 4.8 75."6*" .000 .04 4.1 51.7 6.7 50.8 109.5 4.6 1.0 8.5 000 • L N itrates 06 7 1 Sodium Na 220 5 Ammonium (NH 4 ) 3 Magnesium Mg 71.0 117.9 1 6 Calcium Ca 3 3 Ferrous Fe Aluminium Al 3 Silica Si 10.2 1.5 21.0 85. 227.4 3 9 Nitrite NO, Nitrate NO" 3 .7 5.2 23.8 2"8*" 1.9 .2 Chloride CI 7.0 Sulphate S0 4 2 Hypothetical •fi Q II JQ'O 63 CD h3 O JQtJ ►3 3* 18 O crQr) Potassium Nitrite 3.0 34.2 62.6 .18 2.00 3.61 Potassium Nitrate 1.1 6.0 .06 .35 .4 13.4 .02 Potassium Chloride 5.9 2.4 .34 .14 .78 Potassium Sulphate Sodium Nitrite Sodium Nitrate Sodium Chloride 4.1 35.3 44.7 .23 2.06 2.60 90.9 13.3 5.30 .77 1.0 .3 507.0 .06 Sodium Sulphate 2.7 117.1 .16 6.83 02 29.56 Ammonium Sulphate Ammonium Carbonate 11.9 .70 17.8 1.04 .8 .05 272.9 55.8 15.90 3.26 Magnesium Carbonate 159.2 9.29 176.8 10.32 5.5 .32 Calcium Sulphate Calcium Carbonate 234.6 13.68 294.5 17.0 17.15 .99 273.6 15.96 8.2 .48 6.4 2.4 17.8 .37 .14 1.04 1.0 2.0 18.0 .06 .12 1.05 trace .5 8.3 .03 Silica 2L3 1.24 .48 Suspended matter 50.3 . 2.94 Total 523.5 30.52 865.6 50.44 667.6 38.96 545.4 31.80 Analyst. R. W. S. | R. W. S. | A. D. E. | R. W. S. BARTOW ET. AL.] Waters — Continued. WATEE ANALYSES. 81 Aurora Kane .. June 12.1899. I. &C.S. Co 1,457 ft Sandstone. .. Very slight.. .03 .000 Aurora Kane 9461 Oct. 9.1901... W. R.Rees.. 2. 000 ft. Fox r, Rock Flowing Slight .03 .000 Aurora Kane 10724 Oct. 28,1902 W. R.Rees 2,240 ft Rock Flo. c. sup Distinct.. .. .000 Aurora Kane 12826 Jan. 10,1905 F.J.Co'ghlin 1,700 ft Rock Little .3 .000 Averyville. Peoria 4885 Apr. 3,1899. Ed. Crane . Illinois riv. Decided . . Muddy ... .000 Averyville. Peoria 2254 May 24,1897 D.H.Maury 60 ft Gravel City sup . . None .03 .000 Milligrams per 1000 c. c Milligrams per 1000 c. c. per lligrams 1000 c.c. Milligrams per 1000 c. c. per illigrams Milligrams "■ 1000 c.c. per 1000 c.c. 596.8 472.4 23.6 50.4 28.4 12.5 .72 .012 143. 4. .014 122.5 2.2 .016 .028 .000 .16 16.0 51.2 .9 22.0 55.2 .3 .3 4.9 .001 .08 14.5 86.6 .4 11.1 68.3 .4 15.9 3.4 .000 .14 14.6 73.6 15.4 66.2 2.9 .7 12.5 49.5 .3 143.0 32.5 122.5 31.0 ir.5 6.25 .024 .007 .12 14.4 52.2 248. 206.8 41.2 52. 42. 10. 8. 13.5 .56 .48 .304 .176 .02 1.75 12.7 .7 37.2, 27. 1.1 .000 .032 .000 ' 2.3 4.1 29.3 21.5 54.0 .8 .7 12.1 109.3 11.5 57.7 7.7 8.0 10.2 27. 71.7 Combinations. 2 n O dp p a> dp CTQtJ p CD 11 Q dp trq-d S3 ►d §1 : Q d» 0Q"O P 0> ►d 32 II dp P Q dp nqfl p CO KNO, 1.1 .06 1.53 .24 .6 27.4 .04 1.60 .9 27.3 .05 1.60 .9 25.2 2.0 .05 1.47 .12 10.6 .61 KN0 3 26 2 KC1 4 2 K.S0 4 NaNOo 10.5 13.2 14.6 M .76 .84 5.0 44.6 41.3 .29 2.60 2.40 NaN0 3 214.5 7.1 12.51 .41 181.7 4.1 10.60 • 24 NaCl 69.9 4.07 3.84 83.8 57.6 4.89 3.36 Na„S0 4 65.8 NaX0 3 2.6 .15 (NH 4 ) 2 S0 4 . . 2 4 .14 (NH 4 ) 2 C0 3 ..... MgS0 4 34.8 13.9 2.03 .81 35.4 35.1 2 06 2.05 34.9 34.8 2.03 2.03 55.1 3.5 3.21 .20 76.6 4.46 74.8 4.36 MgC0 3 CaSO + 137.8 8.03 170.7 9.96 165. 9.62 134.8 7.86 96. 17.8 5.59 .45 272.9 0.8 15.91 .05 CaC0 3 Fe.0 3 +Alo0 3 .. .6 .03 .03 .61 .8 30.0 7.3 .05 1.75 .43 1.6 .8 6.2 .09 .05 .36 1.8 1.4 6.4 .11 .08 .37 FeC0 3 6 ALOa.. ■■••• SiO, 10.5 14.4 .84 44.9 2.61 395.7 23.04 507.1 29.59 458.1 26.72 388.7 22.67 259.3 15.07 448.1 26.11 K. W. S. A. D. K. P. B. I J.M.L. I R.W.S. IC.R. K. I 6 G 82 MINERAL CONTENT OF WATERS. [BULL. NO. 10 Analyses of Illinois Town Batavia Kane 6843 Batavia Kane 8936 Jan. 2,1901. J. D. Kell'r 1250 feet . . . Rock Bell Air.... Crawford . . 12635 Nov. 8,1904 C. Vaughn 88 feet Sand Belleville . St. Clair ... 10805 Dec. 17, 1902 W. Rens'w Surf, water Belleville County St. Clair 10983 Date Feb. 5,1900... S. E. Keyes . 219 feet Limestone .. Apr. 4,1903 F. Voel'gr. Spring Owner Depth Strata Capacity lbbLmin'te Flowing. .. Slight .01 .000 Turbidity Slight .01 .000 Distinct . . . .6 .000 Decided . .. Muddy .... Mouldy . .. Color Odor Vegetable. Milligrams per 1,000 c.c. Milligrams perl,000c.c. Milligrams perl.OOOc.c. Milligrams perl,000c.c. Milligrams per l.dOOc.c. Total residue 453.6 44.4 3.5 .9 .56 .022 .000 4.6 11.6 .7 38.9 74.6 .3 .3 5. 326.8 8. 5. 2.3 .656 .042 .000 8.7 27.8 .84 26.1 59.7 1.2 632.4 371.6 58.4 8.8 24.9 .072 .72 .000 .2 704/ Loss on ignition 56,4 Chlorine 130.5 7.5 7.400 .160 .000 .08 2.4 164.2 9.5 22.8 44.9 1.2 1.9 4.2 '"i30.5"*' 1.4 3.2 25 6 fFree ammonia.. Nitrogen asj ^.ammonia .. 2.8 .464 004 .075 Potassium K 4 Sodium Na 228.7 28.4 Ammonium (NH 4 ) 3.6 Magnesium Mg Calcium Ca 16.7 32.4 39.7 110 8 Ferrous Fe 9 Aluminium Al 3.6 2.6 .7 5. 28.2 5. .9 8.8 41.0 10 2 Nitrate N0 3 3 Chloride CI 3.5 34.8 3 2 Sulphate S0 4 7.4 Hypothetical ►■0 O ►d Is O j»g OS'S £.3 IS C el 3.S- s dp el as O jog p re Potassium N itrate l.l 10.5 6.3 .06 .61 .36 .6 6.7 .6 .04 7.3 1.7 .42 .10 4.6 .27 .39 Potassium Sulphate .04 1.3 14.5 51.8 .08 .85 3.03 Sodium Chloride 211.7 2.1 185.0 12.35 .12 10.79 35.9 2.09 36.5 27.4 2.12 1.59 10.7 57 > .62 3.36 2.6 .15 2.2 .13 25.3 1.48 9.6 .56 9.7 128.7 .56 7.50 7.5 53.1 .44 3.10 Magnesium Carbonate 90.9 5.27 79.2 4.62 138.2 8.06 Calcium Sulphate 186.2 10.86 149.1 8.64 112.1 6.54 96.1 2.2 5.61 .13 276.8 16.15 .6 .5 10.6 .03 .03 .61 2.4 .14 2.6 3.6 8.9 .15 .21 .52 1.9 6.8 21.8 198.8 .11 .40 Silica 5.5 .32 10. 6 99.4 .62 5.80 1.28 11,62 Total 383.8 22.35 331.9 19.24 635.1 37.05 336.5 19.66 730.0 42.63 Analyst R. W .S. A.I I. J. J. M . L. P. B. P. B. BARTOW ET. AL.] WATEE ANALYSES. 83 Waters — Continued. Belleville St. Clair . . 10250 Feb. 8,1902 H. Kircher 425 feet .... Rock Slight. .2 .000 Belvidere . .. Boone 5977 Sept. 29,1899. A. J. Markl'y 1920 feet Rock, Pots'm Flo. city sup, Slight .02 .000 Bement . .. Piatt 10430 May 30, 1902 B. Dy'rm'n 206 feet .... Rock Decided . Yellow .. .000 Berwyn . .. Cook 12159 Jun. 27,1904 J.A.O'bri'n 1570 feet ... City sup. Clear .... None .000 Blackstone . Livingston . 10191 Jan. 18,1902 G.E.Powell 128 feet Sandstone. . Clear . Green H 2 S... Bl'mgton.. McLean ... 10772 Nov. 29,1902 A. D. Loar. Spring H 2 S. Milligrams per 1,000 c.c. Milligrams pei 1,000 c.c Milligrams perl.OOOc.c. Milligrams per 1,000c. c. Milligrams per 1,000 c.c Milligrams per 1,000c. c. 384. 45.6 9. 2. .032 .000 4.2 9.0 5.5 60. 7. 1.1 .3 .028 .009 .4 2.7 8.0 .4 33.8 77.4 .15 .16 4.8 1.6 7. 11.6 4510.8 330. 2450. 25.1 4.6 .206 .000 .2 23.2 1393.8 5.9 67.4 129.7 5.5 2450. 17 730. 84. 1.7 .182 .056 .060 .14 23.7 79.9 39.4 102.1 14.4 2.4 83.5 239.7 1845. 145.2 7. 40.1 1.28 .12 .000 .84 8.6 159.3 113.7 205.3 2.6 29.9 73. 3.7 7.0 420.4 601.6 129.6 6. 39.2 1.28 .064 .000 .48 4.0 40.1 2.7 79.2 65.3 .4 2.2 6. 37.3 Combinations. *d 35 Is O SL3 Is O j»g 35 t-Ico II Q &8 "d 35 11 O dp 13 3| fi 2.6 3.3 .15 .19 1.5 43.3 .09 2.53 1.0 44.2 .06 2.57 6. 12. .35 .70 3.6 4.9 .21 .29 KNO3* KC1 KoS0 4 .5 .03 .87 .48 16.71 NaN0 3 15.0 8.2 8.9 13.9 .52 .81 3543. 206.68 103.6 121.1 6.01 7.6 2.1 488.9 .12 28.52 6.1 55.2 46.5 .36 3.22 2.71 NaCl NaoSO. 286.6 NaXO, 17.5 1.02 NH 4 C1 1.4 .08 (NH 4 ),S0 4 7.2 .42 (NH 4 ( 2 C0 3 .... MgCl 2 MgSC- 4 MgCO-3 CaCL 265.1 15.47 1.5 116.5 .09 6.80 182.4 9.7 10.63 .56 112.5 316.9 6.57 18.48 12.2 .71 275.5 16.07 141.9 8.28 2.4 194.7 2.4 .14 11.35 .14 CaS0 4 8.9 .6 .52 .03 193.4 11.28 256.8 2.5 14.98 .14 512.9 29.92 163.2 9.52 CaCO s Fe 2 3 +AL0 3 . FeCO s . .3 .3 10.3 .02 .02 .59 5.5 56.4 15.6 .32 3.29 .92 .8 1.2 13.4 .05 .07 .78 AL0 3 . . 9.6 .52 11.8 48.0 .69 2.80 14.4 .84 SiOo 811. 19.87 352.4 20.55 4271.6 249.19 735.1 42.85 1528.8 89.19 577.6 33.70 A. D E. R. W . S. A.D. E. A. D. E. P. B. P. B. 84 MINEKAL CONTENT OF WATERS. [BULL. NO. 10 Analyses of Illinois Town Bloomington .. McLean 2461 Bluffs .. Bradford Stark Brereton Fulton County Scott 13570 Sept. 19, 1905 .. Ven. Cons. Co. 69 feet Drift . Laboratory number 5517 13710 Date July 19, 1897... N. Read 43 feet July 26, 1899... C. E. Prouty .. 2050 feet Sandstone Oct. 30, 1905 ... Mon Coal Co. 948 feet Rock Owner Depth Strata Drift . Capacity Remarks Turbidity Slight Decided Yellow .000 Distinct .05 .000 Clear Color .2 .000 000 Odor .000 Milligrams per 1,000 c. c. Milligrams per 1,000 c. c. Milligrams per 1,000 c c. Milligrams per 1,000 c. c. Total residue 2,802. 268. 310. 5.3 .008 .154 .06 3.0 355. 1,404. 39.6 495. 3.8 1.6 .034 000 12.3 2. 67.4 74.5 2.0 2.0 7.7 .17 495.0 233.5 2,794. Chlorine 2.40 2.0 .016 .038 .000 1.6 1, 100 9.6 .960 .040 .013 fFree ammonia.. Nitrogen as. ^Ib^ammonm.. Potassium 17 9 Ammonium (NH 4 ) Magnesium Mg 168.1 421.9 2.1 .4 7.8 849.6 310. 478.8 35!2 82.4 2.9 1.2 8.8 .3 2.4 16.8 14 8 Calcium Ca 30 9 5 Aluminium Al 3 2 Nitrate N0 3 7 Chloride CI 1,100 Sulphate SO^ . 339 4 Hypothetical §1 Q •"0 3£ £^GO O /•CD 3£ Is O JO (T> B'S £Icc 11 Q ■ fa fD Potassium N itrate 7.7 .45 .6 2.7 .04 .16 .3 23.2 .02 1.35 l.i 33.4 .06 Potassium Chloride 1.95 Sodium Nitrate 544.3 31.75 Sodium Chloride 1.8 21.5 .11 1.26 797.6 248.2 46.52 14.48 1,788.8 502.1 340.6 104 35 Sodium Sulphate 29.29 Sodium Carbonate 19.87 Ammonium Sulphate 7 3 .42 Ammonium Carbonate Magnesium Nitrate 535 6 318.0 31.24 18.55 2.9 120.5 .17 7.03 76.0 181.6 4.43 10.59 Magnesium Carbonate 51.7 3.02 Calcium Chloride 597.8 678.3 16.8 5.4 .7 16.5 34.87 39.56 .98 .31 .04 .96 Calcium Sulphate 206.1 6.0 2.3 18.7 12.03 .35 .13 1 09 186.1 4.2 3.8 16.3 10.85 .24 .22 .95 " 77.2 1.1 .6 4.4 4.50 Ferrous Carbonate .06 Alumina .04 Silica .26 Total 2,721.1 158.71 383.1 22.37 1,544.6 90.07 2, 801 . 163.4 Anal3'st R. W. S. J. M.L. R. W. S. J. M.L. BARTOW, ET AL.] Wat ers — € ontinued . WATER ANALYSES. 85 Bristol Sta... Kendall .... 5518 Bristol Sta... Kendall ..... 5519 Bristol Sta. Kendall ... 5520 July 29, 1899 I. Prichard. 18 feet Rock 1 gal. a min Flowing. .. Brushy Saline .= 13400 Bureau Bureau 9099 May 2, 1901 John Crain 300 feet Rock Bushnell .. McDon'gh 2625 Sept. 1, 1897 E.N.Arm'g 45 feet Sand July 29, 1899. I. Prichard. .. 117 feet Rock July 29, 1899. I.Pritchard.. 16 feet White sand.. July 31, 1905. l.Hutchins'n 211feet Rock Flowing. .. Clear .000 .000 slight.'.'.;;; .10 .000 Decided .3 .000 Decided .5 .000 Decided . .. 1. .000 Clear .000 .000 Milligrams per 1,000 c. c. Milligrams per 1,000 c. c. Milligrams perl.OOOc.c. Milligrams per 1,000 c. c. Milligrams perl.OOOc.c. Milligrams perl,000c.c. 335.6 55.6 374.4 52.6 5.6 3.7 .224 .04 .000 .04 5.6 .3 35.2 80.3 3.2 1.0 8.8 .2 5.4 39.7 319.2 41.6 4.6 3.80 .2 .04 .000 .04 1.8 4.0 .25 29.6 71.8 4.9 1.0 7.9 .2 4.6 35.2 1,456.8 2,093.2 14. 790. 8.2 .784 ,008 .002 .078 2.9 757.9 1.0 6.9 7.9 1.5 1.3 .9 .3 790. 170.4 636.8 32.8 13.0 1.6 .336 .056 .020 1.20 1.2 22.7 3.8 3.8 .192 .05 .000 .08 7.8 .2 267.5 2.55 1.600 .056 .000 .120 8.8 344.1 2.1 52.1 104.5 1.3 3.6 10.1 15.5 74.9 2.2 .6 7.52 .3 49.7 125.4 1.0 3.6 11.8 5.3 13. 166.9 3.6 17.5 267.5 381.0 Combinations. OiST 11 Q CJ3 cog JQtJ 03 ft> wo fa to ►d 15 Is ffl dj3 crpo to a> as II PH. tog (TQO ta to *d 3£ £0 to On! O dp cog SB to ►d 1 C cog CfQO fa to .6 .03 .20 .3 5.0 .02 .30 .3 3.4 .02 .20 .5 5.1 .03 .29 3.2 .19 KNO, 3.5 16.8 .98 KC1 4.6 21.4 40.3 .26 1.46 2.35 Na NO, 3.3 .19 1.17 5.1 11.2 .30 .65 4.9 6.6 .28 .38 428.2 542.0 24.98 31.61 1301.1 252.0 207.7 75.46 14.60 12.04 Na ci. ..;.".'...;; 20.1 Na„S0 4 Naa C0 3 .7 .04 1.1 T 06 .9 .05 7.7 .45 (nh 4 ), soi;;;; (NHJ0CO3.... Mg N0 3 Mg CI, 2.6 .15 4.3 .25 2.97 39.3 95.1 2.29 5.54 37.5 76.6 2.19 4.46 10.1 174.1 .59 10.16 174.5 48.6 10.18 2.83 MgSOi. 51.0 24.1 1.40 MgCO s Ca CL Ca SO" 4 187.1 10.91 .26 .07 .93 200.9 6.6 1.9 18.8 11.71 .38 .11 1.10 179.3 10.1 1.9 16.8 10.45 .58 .11 .97 261.1 ' 2.7 6.9 21.6 15.23 .16 .40 1.26 19.6 3,2 2.5 4.0 1.12 .18 .14 .23 313.2 2.4 6.9 25.0 18.26 .13 .40 1.46 Ca C0 3 4.5 1.2 16.0 Fe C0 3 A1 2 3 SiQ 2 292.3 17.02 385.3 22.46 338.3 19.69 1,471.2 85.82 1822.4 105.64 640.07 37.52 R. W. S. R. W .S. R. W. S. J. M L. A.I I. J. R.\ V. S. 86 MINEEAL CONTENT OF WATEES. [BULL. NO. 10 Analysis of Illinois Town Bushnell McDonough .. 3570 Byron Byron Ogle Ogle 9074 .... 9235 4879 Date . May 12,1898.... J. H. Johnson.. 1351 feet Sandstone Anr. 13, 1901.... W.I. Caldwell. 2000feet Rock J ulv 29,1901.... W.L.Campb'11 2000feet Rock Mar. 29, 1899 ... Owner Depth W.Halliday... Strata City supply.... Distinct .04 .000 City supply . .. Very slight ,02 .000 City supply . .. Very slight — .01 .000 City supply . .. Turbidity Decided Color F.10 Odor i .000 Milligrams per 1000 c. c. Milligrams per 1000 c. c. Milligrams per. 1000 c. c. Milligrams per 1000 c. c. 2,042. 276.8 277.2 . 542. 94. Suspended 448. 48. 51.2 28.8 36. Dissolved 16. 20. 392. 5.6 1.36 022 .000 .25 26.1 475.6 1 55 49.6 4.2 1.9 .048 .034 .000 .08 4.9 » 6.3 .06 36.2 6. 1.2 .032 .024 .000 .12 5.6 5.6 3.2 Oxygen consumed 15.2 fFree ammonia.. Nitrogen as.-! Alb.^monia.. .026 .4 .018 .8 7.9 33.4 57.1 8.0 112.0 54.4 19.0 3.8 9.4 44.7 1.1 392.00 680.8 .3 .16 4.2 .3 4.1 13.4 Silica Si 2.3 .6 6.0 13.3 Nitrate N0 3 3.4 Chloride CI 3.2 Sulphate S0 4 15.7 Hypothetical ►fl Q ►ti O ^ RS C3 3 2. as u% sf-'O CflS X"0 «g :' OS'S £,3 HS £.3 ^"2 Lithium Chloride Potassium N itrate Potassium Chloride Potassium Sulphate Sodium Nitrate Sodium Chloride Sodium Sulphate Ammonium Chloride Ammonium Sulphate Ammonium Carbonate Magnesium Chloride Magnesium Sulphate Magnesium Carbonate Calcium Chloride Calcium Sulphate Calcium Carbonate Oxide of Iron and Aluminium Ferrous Carbonate Alumina Silica Clay and Silicious Matter 1.8 48.5 608.0 729.2 6.0 228.0 16.4 279.8 8.0 17.8 13.2 Total 1,956. .10 2.83 35.46 42.53 .35 13.29 .95 16.32 .46 1.04 .77 114.1 19. 125.8 135.9 .3 9.0 1.13 .01 9 17.44 10.0 2.1 14.9 4.0 112.8 142.9 5.0 .23 6.57 .29 296.4 17.26 4.5 5.3 14.6 .26 .30 .85 7.3 21 .42 1.23 47.4 23.6 2.75 1.38 7.3 103.5 4.20 6.03 234.9 17.42 Analyst. R. W.S. A. L. M. A. D. E. R. W. S. BARTOW, ETAL.] Waters — Continued . WATER ANALYSES. 87 Cairo Alexander . 3168 Jan. 17,1898. E. Halliday. 824 feet Rock JH lowing . Distinct . . .15 .000 Cairo . Alexander .. 3597 May 19,1898.. W. Halliday 806 feet Flowing. . Slight .... .02 .000 Cairo Alexander. 3693 Junel5,1898 J.S.R'ard'n 1040 feet.... Rock 70 gal. pr m Flowing. .. None ..do ..do Cairo Alexander June 15,1898. J. S. Reardon 840feet Sandstone.... 350 gal. per m Flowing None ..do ..do Cairo Alexander. 3695 June 15, '98. J.S. R'rd'n 824 feet Sandstone . 70 gal. min. Flowing ... None .do .do Cairo Alexander. 4880 Mar. 29,1899 W.P.H'd'y 811 feet Flint bould Fowing. . .. Distinct .03 .000 Milligrams Milligrams per 1,000 c. c. per 1.000 c. c Milligrams per 1,000 c.c. Milligrams per 1,000 c. c, Milligrams perl.OOOc.c. Milligrams perl.OOOc.c. 347.2 14.& 111. 2. .41 .01 .000 .5 8.4 68.4 .5 12.8 45.4 .28 .45 4. 2.2 111. 17.3 453.6 52.8 161. 1.5 .36 .02 .000 .3 8.6 83.3 .46 13.8 52.9 .35 .2 4.7 1.3 161. 16.1 350. { 444. 26.4 37.6 118. 1.4 .36 .006 .000 .05 8.7 58.9 .5 13. 46.1 .7 .3 4.1 .2 118.0 17.6 158. 1.3 .28 .008 .000 .05 11,1 81.3 .4 14. 52.9 .42 .16 4.9 .2 158. 17.4 358.4 19.2 134. 1.4 .32 .008 .000 .05 7.2 56.1 .4 12.9 45.1 .49 .3 3 05 .2 134. 17.4 350. 26. 117. 1. .01 .000 .1 71.4 .3 12.7 44.4 .4 117.0 18.2 Combinations. O pi" el 3£ 03 3" 3£ D >-t O pi £.3 ►d 3* §1 Q Cp j»g £.3 3* a >-« C pi la (D 3£ "i C Gp pi" el . . .5 2.2 14.7 .03 .13 .86' Li CI 3 6 .21 .78 .4 16.3 .02 .94 .4 20.7 .02 1.20 .4 13.4 .02 .77 KN0 3 13.3 KC1 K.S0 4 .6 181.1 .03 10.56 NaNO s 172.5 1.9 10.05 .11 211.7 12.34 149.6 8.72 206.6 12.04 142.5 8.30 NaCl Na, S0 4 1.4 .08 1.5 .08 1.2 .07 1.2 .07 .9 .05 NH 4 CI 1.9 .11 (NHJ, S0 4 .... (NHJo CU 3 .... 54.4 3.17 24.7 22.0 8.2 1.44 1.28 .47 29.4 21.7 7.5 1.71 1.26 .43 50.8 1.95 8.8 22.8 20.5 .51 1.33 1.18 Mg CL ........ . 18.2 1.06 1.85 Mg S0 4 31.8 MgCO a 13.5 22.8 103.3 .78 1.32 6.02 19.8 24.6 76.9 1.14 1.43 4.48 CaCL CaS0 4 113.4 6.61 115.2 6.71 132.1 7.70 110.8 1.9 6.45 .11 Ca C0 3 Fe.0 3 + Al 2 3 .6 .03 .05 .50 .7 .4 10.0 .04 .02 .58 1.5 .6 8.8 .08 .03 .51 .8 .3 10.4 .04 .02 .60 1.0 .6 6.5 .05 .03 .37 FeC0 3 .8 Al 2 O a 8.4 6.4 .37 Si Q 2 366.4 21.36 435.6 25.38 348.8 20.28 431.1 25.09 337.7 19.61 353.8 20.59 R. W. S. [R. W. S. R. W. S. R. W. S. R. W.S. R. W. S. 88 MINERAL CONTENT OF WATERS. BULL. NO. 10 Analyses of Illinois Town Cairo Cambridge Camden ....... Schuyler 10539 Camp Point. .. Alexander 8817 Laboratory number 2102 . 6638 Date Nov. 26,1900... E.W. Halliday 811 . . April 9,1897.... E.D.Richarson 1345 feet St. Peters Aug. 6,1902 .... B. Taggert .... 28 feet Jan. 8 1900 Owner H. Benry 1006 feet Depth Strata Flint pebbles.. Flowing St Peters Remarks City supply . . Distinct .2 .000 Decided Yellow .000 Color 30 Odor Oily Milligrams per 1,000 c. c. Milligrams per 1,000 c. c. Milligrams per 1,000 c. c. Milligrams per 1,000 c. c. 372. 9.2 135. 2.2 .032 .042 .000 .08 1036. 25.6 161. 1.9 1.4 .016 .015 .176 3684.8 268.4 6. 8.1 .92 .104 .005 1.115 6000 8 Loss on ignition 102 2650 8 1 Nitrogen as J Alb^ammonia.. . 2.2 .016 001 1 Nitrates 12 0.8 9.8 .04 , 51.5 Trace 13.5 292.5 18 3 69.3 1.2 75.6 734.8 5.1 2.9 11.8 4.9 5.9 2476.3 1793 5 Ammonium (NH 4 ) 2.8 19.7 42.0 .50 1.6 4.5 .8 161. 353.8 105.8 Calcium Ca 230.9 1.4 Aluminium Al 1.5 Silica Si 4.8 .3 135. 17.1 1.5 Nitrate NO s .6 Chloride CI 2650. Sulphate S0 4 1046.7 Hypothetical *0 g(» 5'TJ crq-o 3 8 11 O OqtJ T3 a p 5.3 pi crq'o 63 (I 11 crq'o Lithium Chlcride 4.8 .28 .6 18.2 .03 1.05 1.3 24.9 .07 1.45 34.9 2.03 6.8 9.7 196.5 .40 .56 11.46 169.4 9.82 265.7 524.0 49.0 15.50 30.56 2.86 4333.2 273.1 253.40 15.96 Ammonium Chloride .1 .01 4.4 .26 10.2 .59 31.6 21.4 13. 1.83 1.24 .75 375.6 21.91 526.2 30.69 68.6 4.00 Calcium Sulphate 2348.0 136.97 586.8 108.4 34.22 128.6 7.46 104.9 6.11 6 32 Oxide of iron and aluminium.. 13.9 .81 1.8 .10 1. 3.2 .06 .18 2.9 2.8 .17 .16 18.7 25.2 290.9 33.4 1.09 1.47 16.97 1.94 Silica 10.3 .59 9.6 .56 3.2 .19 Total 395.0 22.88 1052.1 61.35 3323.1 193.84 5886.5 344.0 A. B . J. C. R . R. P. B. R. \\ l.S. BARTOW ET. AL.] Wat ers — C ontinue d . WATEK ANALYSES. 89 Canton Fulton 5607 Aug. 10, 1899. .W.ShTnb'gr Spring Sand slight^;';;" . .01 .000 Canton ..... Fulton 3912 Aug.. 3, 1898. Same 2, 500 feet ..., St. Peters... City supply- Slight .04 .000 Carbondale Jackson . . . 1985 Mar. 10, 1897 H. Lauder. Rock .... Flowing. None — .01 .000 Carbondale . Jackson 7430 April 26,1900. Lighting Co 260feet Rock Decided .. Muddy ... .000 Carbondale Jackson . .. 9068 Apr. 17,1901 EL Munger 380 feet Sandstone.. City sup'ly Slight .01 .000 Carlock .... McLean ... 6147 Oct. 23,1899 A.D.Loar . Spring Distinct .. .10 H 2 S Milligrams per 1,000 c.c Milligrams per 1,000 c.c. Milligrams per LOOOc.c. Milligrams perl.OCC c.c Milligrams per l,000c.c. Milligrams per 1,000c. c. 386.8 72.4 12. .001 .016 .000 1581.6 13.2 245. 2.2 1.2 .014 .012 .12 598. 5.6 88. 1.6 .234 .014 .000 805.2 33.2 45. 13.1 3.6 .136 .000 .12 1863.6 43.2 825. 6.7 .624 .044 .000 .12 627.6 110.4 7.4 8. 1.12 .116 .000 11 47.8 97.6 .1 .9 12.3 21.2 12. 20.2 25.3 338.9 1.6 38 6 95.9 .8 1.7 11.4 .6 245.0 4.3 242.0 2.9 2.2 88.0 44.4 2 4 6 1 2 6 .4 6.3 45. 4.3 4.8 658.8 .8 9.0 24.4 .9 .8 3.9 .5 825. 33.8 32.1 1.4 81.0 79.2 .5 .9 7.1 .3 7 4 50.5 Combinations. 32 5'S • 2. j»g •-o 3 p II • 2. jng ■ 2. a>g II crptJ 3 2. 8s • 2. !»g pa rt 13 32 S 03 II oqtJ i— "i 4.6 1.4 7.1 .27 .08 .41 Li CI 2.1 .12 .9 47.7 .05 2.78 .9 5.4 .05 .31 .8 8.5 .04 .49 .5 7.0 .03 .40 KN0 3 K CI . . 27.4 1.59 .62 Na NO, 10.7 366.3 601.1 21.36 35.06 139.6 64.4 382.7 8.14 3.75 22.33 70.0 6.4 121.6 4.08 .37 7.09 1353.0 50.0 254.1 78.47 2.90 14.74 6.6 74.7 12.1 .38 4.36 .70 NaCl Na 2 SO4 Na, CO,... NH 4 CI 5.8 .33 (NH 4 ) 2 S0 4 .... (NH 4 ) 2 C0 3 .... Mg CI, MgSCX, 12.2 .71 2.1 .12 3.7 .21 7.5 .44 1.46 8.29 25.2 192.0 11.19 142 2 6.1 .30 105.8 6.17 34.8 2.02 281.8 16.43 MgC0 3 .. CaSCL.... 121.2 149.4 7.70 8.70 243.9 14.23 7.3 .8 .42 .05 142.8 8.33 61.1 3.54 197.8 ii.53 CaC0 3 Fe 2 3 + ALC> 3 Fe S0 4 .3 .02 .09 1.6 3.2 .09 .18 .3 .8 .02 .05 1.9 1.6 .11 .09 .9 1.8 .05 .10 FeC0 3 1.7 Al 2 3 Al 2 (SOJ3.;;;;; Si Oo 26,2 1.53 24.4 1.42 6.0 .35 13.4 .78 8.4 .49 15.2 .88 487.2 28.39 1513.6 88.86 620.1 36.16 479.6 27.96 1776.3 103.01 602.1 35.07 R. W . S. R. W. S. C. R . R. R. W . S. A. R . J. R.V* r . S. 90 MINERAL CONTENT OF WATERS. [BULL. NO. 10 Analyses of Illinois Town Carlyle Clinton 12387 Carlyle Clinton 8692 Carpent'rsville County ! White Laboratory number 10637 . 8950 Date Aug. 25. 1904... Louis Becker.. Spring Oct. 22,1900.... H. G. Weber.. 24feet Rock Sept. 23,1902... B.S. Crebs .... 315 feet Sandstone Jan 15 1901 Owner Depth 22 feet Strata Sand Sand, gravel .. R emarks Turbidity Decided Muddy .000 Very slight .01 .000 Distinct Muddy .000 Color Yellow Odor 000 Milligrams per 1,000 c. c. Milligrams per 1,000 c. c. Milligrams per 1,000 c. c. Milligrams per l,0U0c. c. Total residue 662.0 408.4 44. 33. 1.8 .28 .046 Trace .28 3.7 74.8 .4 16.2 40.3 1.7 .6 5.2 1.1 1.8 78.2 1,757.6 22.8 400. 7.8 .4 .184 .000 .04 13.9 671.1 .5 4.8 2.4 .8 1.8 3.4 .2 400. 12.2 1,094. 54 8 Chlorine 6.8 3.4 .056 .134 .050 1 59 3 7 83.4 1 9 2 7 f Free ammonia .. Nitrogen as-J^.. ammonia.. .042 .03 .001 .119 Potassium K 4.3 12.2 .05 30.1 61.8 15 .6 5.3 7. •6.8 316.6 102.8 Calcium Ca 178.4 3.4 Aluminium Al Silica Si ...: 10.8 Nitrate N0 3 .5 Chloride Cl 1.9 Sulphate S0 4 495.3 Hypothetical §1 as n 3 3. Q ffqtJ 3* O Has to n 3£ EH CO O fa CD Potassium Nitrate 5.1 .30 1.9 3.8 2.2 .11 . .22 .13 .4 26.3 .02 1.54 .9 4. 4.2 .05 Potassium Chloride .23 Potassium Sulphate .24 1.6 11.2 242.3 .09 .65 14.13 639.4 18.1 962. 37.30 1.06 56.12 Sodium Sulphate 113.9 87.2 6.60 5.05 37.5 2.17 Ammonium Carbonate 1. .06 1.3 .08 .1 49.9 322.9 606.1 .01 150.0 8.75 2.90 Magnesium Carbonate 56.7 3.29 16.8 .98 18.73 46.6 120.0 2.73 7.00 35.15 102.5 5.94 6.1 .36 Ferrous Carbonate .3 1.2 11.2 .02 .07 .65 3.5 1.2 11. .2t .07 .64 1.6 3.4 7.2 41. .09 .20 .42 2.39 7.1 .41 Silica 22.8 1.32 Total 589.5 34.39 384.9 22.32 1,723.6 100.56 1,055.5 61.21 Analyst J. M .L. A.I I. J. A. E ).E. A. I *. J. BARTOW ET. AL.] WATER ANALYSES. 91 Wa t ers — C ontinued . Carp'nte'sv'e Kane 11715 Carrier's M 'Is Saline 10605 • Carrollton.. Greene 10535 Aug. 4.1902 E.A.T'nh'l Spring Carrollton ... Greene 10767 Carrollton.. Greene 12422 Sept. 9,1904 G. W.Ross 303 feet .... Limestone Decided . .. Red H 3 S Carrollton.. Greene 3513 Apr. 28,1898 F. Sinsab'g 1.400 feet .. St. Peter's . City sup'ly Distinct .03 .000 Dec. 31. 1903. A. D.Smith. 300feet Sept. 8.1902.. A. V. Tuller. 150feet Rock & coal. Nov. 24,1902 G. W. Ross.. Spring Citv sup'ly Clear .000 .000 City supply. Distinct Muddy Vinegar Clear .000 Soured Slight .000 .000 Milligrams per 1,000 c. c. Milligrams per 1,000 c. c. Milligrams perl.OOOc.c. Milligrams per 1,000 c. c. Milligrams perl.OOOc.c. Milligrams perl.OOOc.c. 415.2 4,994. 47.2 2,800. 17.4 2.96 .044 .001 .18 14.6 1,863.6 21.8 38.9 1.2 2.9 2.8 .8 2,800. 1.9 339.6 27.6 3.8 1.8 .024 .028 .000 3.36 2.0 9.2 342. 60. 4.8 9.5 .06 .152 .001 2.396 8.4 10.5 27"! 7 73.4 .4 .7 5.9 13.0 4.8 16.5 567.2 3,160. 64. 1,335. 6.4 1.4 .026 .000 .4 46.1 904.2 1.7 58.1 139.8 1.5 .6 4.2 1.7 1,335. 487.2 9.1 2.6 .362 .038 .032 1.2 11.5 .200 .316 .000 .08 2.1 39.8 < 127.6 6.6 12.2 28.1 83.1 .8 .5 3.3 15.0 3.8 11.7 52.0 79.0 17.5 7.7 4.1 .3 5.7 1.5 J 3.2 .2 10 11.0 Combinations. 35 Q dp P__rt> ^d do) Is O CfiS p n> 35 II dp p n 3 5 II O dp Vjqd P C6 ►d 35 II O c!p y->tx p a ►d 35 II Q ?§. crq'o p 1.3 26.9 .08 1.57 5.2 .30 21.2 .3 1.24 .02 d .04 .20 2.9 86.0 .17 5.02 KN0 3 K CI K 2 S0 4 .3 .02 .96 .95 15.57 16.1 6.3 7.3 .94 .37 .43 Na NO, 16.5 16.3 266.8 4,598.9 2.8 123.3 268.28 .16 7.19 7.6 23.1 .44 1.3S 6.6 2.3 84.0 .39 .13 4.90 2132.5 201.3 124.40 11.74 NaCl NaoS0 4 Na, C0 3 .4 .02 6.6 .38 (NH 4 ) 2 S0 4 .... (NHJ 3 CO,.... MgS0 4 1.3 .08 10.1 .59 8.7 92.0 .51 5 37 .9 92.2 .05 5.38 288.6 16.83 22.9 1.33 76.0 4.43 181.0 10.56 MgCO s 162.0 228.4 9.45 13.32 CaS0 4 30.4 1.8 1.77 .11 97.2 5.67 207.9 12.13 183.4 10.70 197.3 11.51 CaCOa Fe 2 3 +AL0 3 •• Fe C0 3 . 2.6 5.4 6.0 .15 .32 .35 1.6 1.0 7.2 .09 .05 .42 .8 1.4 12.5 .05 .08 .73 36.2 14.5 8.8 2.11 .85 .51 3.0 1.2 9.0 .17 .07 .52 Al 2 3 6.8 .40 Si O, 363.1 21.19 4,950.5 288,79 353.1 20.61 343.8 20.06 534.8 31.20 3121.5 182.07 P. 1 3. A. D. E. P. B. P. B. J. M.L. R. W. S. 92 MINERAL CONTENT OF WATERS. [BULL. NO. 10 Analyses of Illinois Town Centralia Marion 9123 Centralia Marion 11148 Cerro Gordo... Piatt 3974 Piatt Laboratory number 9028 Date May 30, 1901... A. H. Rainey.. Spring June 14. 1903 .. C. Schnuckle.. Spring. Red Clay Aug. 22, 1898... W. O. Peck.... Mar. 13, 1901. .. J. Miller Depth 24feet Strata Turbidity Distinct .1 .000 Distinct .1 .000 Slight Slight 02 Color .01 .000 Odor 000 Milligrams per 1,000 c. c. Milligrams per 1,000 c c. Milligrams per 1,000 c. c. Milligrams per 1,000 c.-c. Total residue 3,809.2 414. 36. 3.6 .022 .084 .000 .08 3.2 321.6 7,830.4 874.4 91. 4.2 .022 .09 .00 .72 326.8 30.8 2.8 1. .000 .018 .000 .5 1.8 5.9 968.4 130 53 5 4.1 Nitrogen as.^^ammonia.. .032 .098 000 ^Nitrates 45. Sodium Na 694.1 Magnesium Mg 250.1 456.4 2.2 2.1 9. .3 36. 2,019.9 740.0 473.2 26.3 79.3 .11 1.6 2.1 .2 2.8 11.3 65.9 151.4 Ferrous Fe Silica Si Nitrate NO-, .3 91. 4,939.2 51.7 Chloride Cl' 53.5 Sulphate S0 4 287.3 Hypothetical *0 C cog O co§ p5 n I— CO CJJB O P3 fP .6 5.5 .03 .32 3.5 .9 .20 .05 Potassium Chloride Sodium Nitrate 4.4 150.1 1955.4 .27 8.75 114.06 Sodium Chloride 55.0 925.2 3.19 53.66 3.9 13.3 .23 .77 Sodium Carbonate Ammonium carbonate Magnesium Chloride 1244.4 72.18 3,678.0 2i4.55 2.8 89.6 .16 5.22 229.3 407.3 78.6 13.30 565.3 724.6 32.79 42.03 956.2 479.1 14.0 55.78 27.95 .82 23 62 198.2 11.56 4 55 Oxide of Iron and Aluminium. Ferrous Carbonate 4.5 4.0 19.4 .26 .23 1.13 .2 3.1 4.5 .01 .18 .26 Silica 20.0 1.16 Total 3,548.5 205.82 7,257.2 423.34 320.0 18.65 715.2 41 47 A. L- M. R. W S. R. W R. A. P T Bartow et. el.] Wat ers- — C ontinued . WATER ANALYSES. 93 Champaign.. Champaign.. 10987 Champaign.. Champaign.. 6613 Chandlerv. Cass 9100 May 6, 1901. Ira Read .. 215 feet Chandlerv' le Cass Chicago.... Cook 5370 Aug. 4, 1899 I.C. R. R.. Lake Mich. Chicago.... Cook 9103 May 10,1901 W. Rens'w Lake Mich. 9428 Apr. 27, 1903 . . I.C.R.R.... Boneyard . .. Jan. 4, 1900.. C.B. Hatch.. 176 feet Drift... Oct. 2, 1901 .. Ira Read 304 feet Slight 1 Distinct .30 .000 V. Slight... Slight Slight .01 Gassy .02 "000 Mouldy .000 Milligrams per 1,000 c. c. Milligrams per 1.000 c. c. Milligrams per l,000c.c. Milligrams per 1,000 c. c. Milligrams per 1,000c. c. Milligrams per 1,000c. c. 391.6 376.4 46.4 2.3 5.7 3.6 .094 .000 .12 2.7 36,9 866.4 18. 144. 4.3 .608 .06 .000 .16 7.3 332.9 .8 4.8 2 9 .15 .3 4.7 .7 144. - 2.4 3,291.2 11.2 1,655. 9. 1.76 .036 .000 .12 11.3 1,263.9 2.3 9.0 17.0 .6 .4 3.8 .6 1,655. 1.2 144.8 17.6 4.2 4.7 .018 .128 .004 .236 47.6 12. 6.4 .016 .096 .27 5.33 .'56*" 10.4 5.6 8.3 .05 10.9 28.2 48.5 71.1 31.7 58.9 1.2 .5 8.1 .6 2.3 .2 11.7 36.2 4.3 23.7 12. 75.1 6.7 2.4 4.8 12.0 1.9 1.0 4.2 10.0 Combinations. H3 ►d 1! JO ►d Cp OS'S JO : O jo fD d 5 Q dp hi 3£ a 2> QD g e.3 .9 4.4 .05 1.1 .06 .40 .9 20.9 .05 1.21 KNO s .25 6.9 KC1. .. 32.4 3.89 .26 3.3 7.9 5.0 .19 .46 .29 1.4 6.9 16.0 .08 .40 .93 NaN0 3 4.5 .3 .3 84.6 12.2 .02 .02 4.93 .71 231.7 3 5 554.5 .8 13.44 .20 2,714.3 1.8 158.30 .11 26.26 NaCl NaoSO, 32.16 450 4 Na.>CO, .04 (NH4KCO3.... 12.5 .73 5.48 1.31 MgCK 93.9 10.8 33.2 .65 1.93 MgSO~ 4 22.5 109.7 6.39 16.8 .97 34.4 2.00 38.0 2.20 MgCO s CaS0 4 ... 177.7 3.6 10.37 .21 147.1 8.57 7.1 .41 42.5 2.48 90.5 5.0 5.28 .29 70.3 .7 4.08 .04 CaC0 3 Fe 3 3 +Al 2 3 . FeCO a 2.4 .9 17.2 .14 .05 1.00 .3 .6 10.0 .01 .03 .58 1.3 .8 8.0 .08 05 ALO3 9 1 .53 .47 14.2 .83 4 1 .24 SiOo . 356.2 20.78 379.1 22.08 833.2 48.30 3,275.3 191.01 169.9 9.92 137.4 7.97 P. B. R. W. S. A. R.J. A. D. E. R. W. S. A. R. J. 94 MINERAL CONTENT OF WATER. [BUL. NO. 10 Analyses of Illinois Town Chicago Cook Chicago Cook Chicago Cook Cook 5575 10363 6219 7877. Date Aug. 7, 1899.... F. Sturges 250 feet Apr. 23, 1902 .... A.V.Lee 300 feet Oct 30,1899.... W. Peterson... 1173 feet Rock .... July 4, 1900.... W. Vernon Owner Depth 3,000 feet. .. Strata Limestone Limestone (?). Turbidity Slight Distinct Milky Distinct... .05 .000 Slight Color .01 .000 .03 Odor .000 .000 Milligrams per 1,000 c. c. Milligrams per 1,000 c. c. Milligrams per 1,000 c. c. Milligrams per 1,000 c. c. 252.4 44. 27.5 3.3 42.4 .022 .000 3.8 49.1 .5 14.5 23.1 .15 .5 13 7 .7 27.5 6.6 202.4 17.6 16. 4.3 .24 .034 .000 6.0 42.1 .2 8.y 17.4 2 .6 3.3 .3 16. 30.3 1.120.8 47.2 63.5 1.3 .52 .034 .000 20.4 87.0 .7 44.4 184.8 4.0 .8 7.3 .7 63.5 . 503.2 1,143.6 62.8 83. .7 fFree ammonia.. Nitrogen as. ^..ammonia... .024 .056 .07 19 4 103.5 33.1 Calcium Ca 180.0 Aluminium Al Silica Si 4.3 Nitrate NO s 1.7 Chloride CI 83.0 Sulphate S0 4 .• 516.2 Hvnothetical % 3£ §2 © el © OS'S *d 3£ pi © Q3 IP p'l © pi" £L<-t Potassium Nitrate l.i 6.5 .06 .38 .5 11.1 .03 .64 1.1 38.2 .06 2.23 2.8 35.0 .16 Potassium Chloride 2.04 Sodium Nitrate 40.2 9.8 69.4 2.34 .57 4.04 17.6 44.9 48.2 1.02 2.61 2.81 74.6 177.9 4.34 10.38 109.3 186.6 6 37 Sodium Sulphate 10.88 Sodium Carbon ate Ammonium Sulphate 2.5 .14 Ammonium Carbonate 1.3 .07 .7 .04 Magnesium Sulphate 220.8 12.88 164.1 9.57 Magnesium Carbonate 50.6 2.94 31.1 1.81 Calcium Sulphate 289 8 248.7 16.90 14.50 366.7 180.3 1.4 21.39 57.7 3.36 43.4 2.53 10 52 Oxide of Iron and Aluminium. .08 Ferrous Carbonate :s .9 29.2 .02 .05 1.70 .5 1.1 7.1 2.5 .03 .06 .41 .14 8.4 1.6 15.6 .49 .09 .90 Silica 9.2 .54 Suspended matter Total 267. 15.53 208.7 12.13 1.079 .2 62.91 1,055.4 61.55 R. W- S. A. D- K. R.W.S. R. W-S. ' BARTOW, ET AL.] WATEE ANALYSES. 95 Waters — Continued. Chillicothe... Peoria 3569 Chrisman Edgar 10701 Oct. 13,1902.. A. G. Tucker 140 feet Shale City supply.. Decided Muddy Musty Chrisman .. Edgar 10702 Nov. 11,1902 A.G.Tuck'r l'ifeet Sand Cisne Wayne 11749 Jan. 14,1904.. S. P. Etter... 80 feet Claremo'nt Richland .. 5037 May 14, 1899 G. Mowrer. Spring Grav. & S'd Claremo'nt Richland .. 5038 May 11. 1898.. J.S.Bailey.. 42 feet Sand. May 14.1899 G. Mowrer. Spring City supply.. Slight Yellow Citv s'pply Slight .1 Musty Slight F O Slight Distinct.. .. .000 .000 .000 .000 per 1,000 c. c. 'per 1,000 c. c. 1 Milligrams perl.OOOiC.c. Milligrams per 1,000 c. c. Milligrams perl.OOOc c. Milligrams per 1,000c. c. 426.4 30 4 2,287.6 48.8 567.5 6 2 1.6 .576 .000 .16 596.4 95.2 42. 3.9 .026 .11 .2 .44 3,095.2 3,936. 297.6 36. 5.8 .04 .15 .008 1.4 7.6 125.6 6,857.2 729.2 81. 2.9 1.51 .072 .000 .12 11.3 484.9 1.9 605.3 522.3 6.2 2.7 8.3 .6 81. 3,996.8 13. 5. .048 .048 .000 5 6 5 215. 4.5 .012 .04 .006 28.00 7.3 30S.5 .012 187.1 308.8 5.0 1.3 8.1 32.1 215. 1,442.4 10.6 588.8 2.1 8.7 15.4 11.3 55. i 81.2 .14 45.5 116.1 294.3 591.2 1.8 1.5 8.3 6.2 36. 2,385.6 6.3 24.8 13. 75.4 3.9 .7 567.5 4.1 3.2 1.9 42. 156.3 Combinations. o dp 3£ 2 «> a 3£ II © dp pa fB ►d 3£ p © f»g OP'S pa rt> 3£ © §1 © d3 jag 12.9 .75 18.9 1.10 10.1 7.1 "53!7 322.4 .58 .41 "3*. 13 18.81 .9 20.9 iii'.b 1353.8 .05 1.21 "6 '.45 78.96 KNO3 K CI 23.2 11.1 1.42 .64 .9 937.2 6. 343.5 .05 54.67 .35 20.03 2.7 42.1 .16 2.46 27 2 354.8 489.4 1.59 20.68 28.53 Na N0 3 Na CI Na, SG 4 Na* C0 3 .0 .00 6.9 (NH 4 ), S0 4 .... 1 5.6 .33 (nh 4 );co 3 .... 16.9 .98 5.50 2.39 22.1 194.1 1.39 11. C2 3008 A 175 ".49 MgCL.. 94 4 930.0 54.25 1462.8 85.33 Mg^o 4 41.1 30.2 1.76 MgC0 3 CaSQ 4 1.5 290.2 3.4 .09 16.93 .20 521.4 388.1 30.40 22.63 141^.0 438.9 82.43 25.60 949.2 607.7 55.37 35.41 202.9 11.82 38.6 6.8 2.66 .40 CaC0 3 ....• Fe,0 3 +Alo0 3 . .3 .02 .20 .77 10.4 2 4 17.2 .61 .14 1.00 12.9 5.2 17.6 .75 .30 1.02 Fe"CQ 3 ... 3.4 2.8 17.6 .16 1.02 A1 2 3 13.3 8.4 839.2 .49 48.96 6 9 7.9 .40 .46 Si O, 419.5 2 J:. 63 2216.4 129.7 570.9 33.31 2755.8 160.69 3728.4 217.47 6099.9 355.51 R. W. S. P. B. P . B. D. J £. R.\ V.S. R.W. S. 96 MINERAL CONTENT OF WATEKS. [BULL NO. 10 Analyses of Illinois Town Clayton Adams 11795 Clinton DeWitt 2694 ;.... Clinton DeWitt 8976 Clinton County DeWitt Laboratory number. 9327 Date Feb. 7, 1904 G. Anderson.. 54 ft Sept. 20,1897... J. Ziegler Spring Aug. 1900 I.C.R.R Spring Aug. 27,1901... D. T. Gay .... Spring Owner Depth Strata Clay and sand. Capacity 900 gal. per hr. R emarks City supply. .. Turbidity Color .4 .000 4 Odor 000 Millie-rams per 1000 c. c. Milligrams per 1000 c. c. Milligrams per 1000 c. c. Milligrams per 1000 c. c. Total residue 2512.8 323.6 21.6 1.4 3. 1. .104 .000 .05 1.9 1.28 86.3 101.7 2.9 .4 9.1 .%'" 312 4 29 2 Chlorine 25.5 3.4 .038 .07 .000 4. 4.5 1 2 3 1 fFree ammonia.. .704 Nitrogen asJ Alb. ammonia... 112 4.' 000 16 Potassium K 2.5 8 9 Ammonium (NH 4 ) 1 Magnesium Mg 214.0 304.9 29.8 40.4 87.9 33 8 Calcium Ca " 51 6 2 6 Aluminium Al 7 9.3 10 2 Manganese Mn Nitrate N0 3 4.6 25.5 1086.0 .2 1.4 .8 17.7 .8 2 7 Chloride CI 1 2 Sulphate S0 4 . 2 7 Hypothetical Blaa B -t Q £i2 w SO S.3- £.03 I" B "i O cog 3* B.°oj Is ►d e.5 Potassium N itrate 7.5 3.0 .44 .17 .4 2.9 1.5 1.0 20 5 .02 .16 .08 .06 1.20 1.1 2.5 1.7 .06 Potassium Chloride .15 Potassium Sulphate ; .10 24.2 1.3 .4 37.8 1.40 .08 .02 2.19 39.8 206.8 2.32 12.06 Sodium Sulphate 2.5 18.6 .3 .15 Sodium Carbonate 1.18 3.4 .19 .02 1066.2 62.16 Magnesium Carbonate 30.3 1.77 140.7 8.16 117.6 6.84 Calcium Sulphate 136.5 661.5 7.96 38.57 254.0 14.81 219.6 5.0 12.74 .29 136.8 7.98 2.3 56.2 35.0 .13 3.27 2 04 6.1 .8 19.3 .35 .05 1.13 5.5 1.4 21.8 .32 Alumina .08 Silica 19.8 1.15 1.27 Total 2214.8 129.12 340.2 19.82 448.8 26.03 309.8 18.15 Analyst D. K. C. R.R. A. L. M. A. D. E. BARTOW ET. AL.] Waters — Continued. WATER ANALYSES. 97 Clinton DeWitt 9330 Clinton DeWitt 4674 Feb. 2, 1899... J. E. Moffatt 20 ft Clinton.... DeWitt.... Aug. 1900.. 8977 I. C. R.R.. 78 ft Clinton DeWitt 8978 Cobden Union 8910 Dec. 21, 1900 F. B. Hines Spring Cobden — Union 8911 Dec. 21, 1900 F.B. Hines Spring Aug. 27,1901. D. T. Gay ... Spring Aug. 1900.... I.C. R.R.... 78 ft Flo., c. sup.. Clear Decided ... Yeilow .... .000 Slight .01 .000 000 .6 .000 .000 Milligrams per 1000 c. c. Milligrams per 1000 c. c. Milligrams per 1000 c.c. Milligrams per 1000 c.c. Milligrams Milligrams per 1000 c.c. per 1000 c.c. 4393 6 414.8 56. 2.3 1.6 ' .64 .026 .000 .1 8.9 .8 41 7 94.7 .3 .4 8.4 350.4 16.8 2.6 7.3 2.4 .176 076 10.7 14^5 77.6 288.4 4. 3.2 1.4 .012 .026 .000 .12 i.i" .01 19.8 77.6 1.4 .14 11.3 .5 3.2 10.0 76. 10. 1.4 1.4 .6 .04 .064 8.75 1.08 3.8 7.6 15.1 24.0 43.7 83.9 9 33.7 82.0 39.8 73.3 2.1 1.1 14.6 53.4 .3 2.6 5.3 9.6 6.9 10. 8.75 10. 21.1 .5 2.3 11.3 4.8 1.4 1.6 16.9 .6 . 2.2 Combinations. as jfg a O col' £8 ►d li O Cflg OS'S 3£ aim a ™ O CO 5 1.1 II a 3 14.6 .86 .7 3.5 .04 .20 .5 1.3 .03 .07 KNO, KC1 K 2 S0 4 K 2 C0 3 28 1.63 6.6 2.3 2.3 27.0 .38 .13 .13 1.57 23.1 1.0 3.2 37.8 1.34 .06 .19 2.19 .7 5.3 14.9 .04 .30 .86 NaN0 3 . 1.1 16.7 7.2 2.1 .06 .97 .42 .12 3.3 7.8 15 5 8.2 .19 .45 .90 .47 NaCl Na„S0 4 ... NaoC0 3 .. (NH 4 ) 2 C0 3 ...- Mg(NQ 3 )o MgCL 11.5 .67 .79 1.54 6.72 13.4 26.4 MgSU 4 MgC0 3 CaSt) 4 115.3 143.6 8.38 117.2 6.80 138.6 8.04 •50.4 2.92 68.9 3.99 207.9 12.12 236.4 13.79 204.3 8.0 11.85 .46 183 2 5.2 10.63 .30 193.7 11.23 194.3 11.27 CaC0 3 Fe 2 3 +Al 2 3 .. FeCO s 1.9 .11 .23 1.19 .6 .7 17.9 .03 .04 1.04 2.9 .3 24.0 .17 .01 1.39 4.0 2. 31. 111.8 .11 1.80 6.48 ALO-, 20.4 14.7 .85 21.4 1.24 SiQ 2 ..... MnC0 3 . 443.4 25.86 430.5 25.09 382.4 22.17 413.5 23.99 425.5 .24.65 311.3 18.03 A. D. E. R. W. S. A. L. M. A. L. M. A. R. J. A. R. J. -7 G. 98 MINERAL CONTENT OF WATERS [BULL. NO. 10 Analyses of Illinois Town Colchester — McDonough .. 8756 Nov. 7,1900.... E. Belshaw Collinsville.. .. Madison 4271 Collinsville Madison 4280 County Laboratory number 10753 Date Oct. 26.1898.... J.R.Wadsw'th 601 feet. Oct. 26,1898.... Same 706 feet Rock Nov. 10,1902... S. E. Simpson. 90 Feet Owner Depth Strata Yellow clay. .. 60 gal. per hr .. Rock Sand Capacity Turbidity Distinct Cloudy .000 Distinct .03 .000 Slight Color .03 .000 4 Odor 000 Milligrams per 1,000 c. c. Milligrams per 1,000 c. c. Milligrams per 1,000 c. c. Milligrams per 1,000 c. c. 287.2 14. .7 2.2 .1 .05 .005 .195 2608.8 26. 865. 4.7 .024 .044 .215 .4 2544.8 30. 680. 3.3 1. .03 .21 .4 329 2 Loss on ignition 36 4 Chlorine 10 25 Oxygen consumed 1 3 fFree ammonia TCirrnp-pn as -J Alb. ammonia. .. JNltrogenas -1 Nitrites i. Nitrates .048 .04 .000 .16 Lithium Li Potassium K 3.0 17.7 .1 19.2 52.2 2.0 .5 8.7 27.9 830.4 18.9 883.8 1.3 19.7 31.7 1.5 .6 3.3 2 2 Sodium Na 38 2 Ammonium (NHJ 1 Magnesium Mg 17.9 38.8 2.5 4.3 24.1 27.9 Calcium Ca 74 2 Ferrous Fe 1 2 Aluminium Al , . 1 Silica Si 9 5 Nitrites NO, Nitrate NO s Chloride CI .8 .7 1.4 1.7 - 865. 450.4 .6 680. 505.4 .7 10.3 Sulphate S0 4 16.9 Hypothetical 33 c *d O ■■d Q *0 Cs3 33 c3 33 CS 33 ™% Is v>% Rs ™% Rs Wa (JQ-O JQT3 P £ 0> r H Lithium Sulphate Potassium N itrite Potassium Nitrate Potassium Chloride Potassium Sulphate Potassium Carbonate. .. Sodium N itrate Sodium Chloride Sodium Sulphate Sodium Carbonate Ammonium Sulphate .. Ammonium Carbonate Magnesium Chloride. .. Magnesium Sulphate. .. Magnesium Carbonate. Calcium Sulphate Calcium Carbonate Ferrous Sulphate Ferrous Carbonate Alumina Aluminium Sulphate.. . Silica Total Sulphuric Acid. 1.3 1.5 2.6 1.0 40.7 "".2 66.8 *i36!6 4.2 1.0 18.4 267.7 3.87 7.54 1.07 15.49 1.1 3.8 48.6 1,387.3 666.3 158.2 62.2 97.1 .06 .22 2.83 80.92 38.87 9.23 3.62 5.65 5.1 8.2 51. .48 3.00 145.18 1,094.7 747.6 485.8 3.4 68.5 '79!7 3.2 1.2 7.0 2,528.1 .16 1.1 63.85 43.60 28.34 .20 3.99 4.64 .40 147.41 14.4 25.0 56.2 97.2 185.4 2.6 1.9 20.3 407.7 .86 1.46 .02 5.67 10.82 .15 .11 1.19 23.81 Analyst. A.R.J. R. W. S. R. W. S. P. B. BARTOW ET. AL.] WATEK ANALYSES. 99 Waters — Continued. Cooksville .. McLean 8729 CrealSprings Williamson . 9032 Creal Spr.. Williams'n 4106 Sept.21,1898 W.SuthTd. 24 feet Sand CrealSprings Williamson . 9238 Creal Spr.. Williams'n 9919 Nov [29* 1901 J.McKav'n 25 feet Clay Crystal Lk. McHenry.. 11391 Sept.21,1903 G.Prickett. Spring Sand&g'vl Oct. 30, 1900... W. H. Porter Spring- Gravel March 15,1901 W.P.Schney Spring Aug. 1,1901.. J. Kenner . .. 9 feet Clay Very slight.. .6 .000 Slight .03 .000 Slight .02 .000 Slight .04 .000 Decided.... .4 .000 Milligrams per 1,000 c. c. Milligrams per 1,000 c. c. Milligrams perl.OOOc.c. Milligrams per 1,000 c. c. Milligrams per l.OOOc.c. Milligrams per 1,000c. c. 429.2 32.4 20.5 8.9 3.8 .608 .000 .08 12.190.4 1,330. 123. 7.1 8. .176 .01 2.87 6,074.8 74. 171. 4 2 .34 .108 .125 .3 .06 509.5 .4 487.5 456.4 .4 1.1 8.7 .3 1.3 171. 3,338.4 4,549.6 547.2 166. 5.9 .032 .128 .06 33.94 1,126.8 192.8 33. 2.5 .016 .086 .003 1.557 339.6 46.0 3.8 1.8 .112 .028 .000 .120 * 75.0 26.3 10.3 510.6 1,114.3 6.3 214.2 9.4 582.9 135.8 20.1 26.3 49.4 3.7 1.2 4. 187.3 584.9 2.2 .6 36.1 90.9 129.5 1.9 5.5 12.3 32.6 100.1 2.2 2.3 5.9 .3 20.5 2.2 18.5 123. 7,863.6 150.3 166. 2,185.2 6.9 33. 301.8 .5 3.8 190.1 Combinations. 3* 11 Q OPT) £L 3£ CSS OQtJ II D 2 3* O P,rt> Pico 11 dp-O 3* Is Q 11* .4 .7 2.0 37.4 .02 .04 .11 2.17 Li, SO* "".17 .52 KNO, .6 9.5 .03 .55 29.9 7.3 1.83 .42 24.9 1.45 2.9 8.9 .8 7. .05 .41 KNO*.. ........ KC1 K 2 S0 4 K 2 C0 3 185.1 273.9 1,324.4 10.80 15.98 77.26 NaNG 3 .. 28. 1.62 .18 8.39 66.8 3.87 252.5 1265.7 14.72 73.83 47.5 360.9 2.77 21.05 .8 61.1 .05 3.57 NaCl 3.2 Na 2 S0 4 144.7 Na 2 C0 3 37.7 2.18 1.5 .09 (NH 4 ) 2 S0 4 .... (NH 4 ) 2 C0 3 .... 13. .74 107.0 2,388.0 6.20 138.50 MgCL 2432.1 141.34 931.2 54.32 72.5 265.4 4.25 15.49 162. ,.45 MgS0 4 MgC0 3 CaS0 4 9i.6 5.31 3,741.6 218.01 76' .? 574.3 44.87 33.50 2,036.2 700 60.44 40.83 27.4 230. 1.60 13.42 123.6 7.17 142.4 8.31 Ca CO s . . 18.8 1.09 FeS0 4 7.5 .43 .13 .8 2.0 .04 .11 4.5 1.2 .26 .07 3.9 10.4 .23 .60 4.5 4.3 .26 .25 Fe C0 3 . 2.2 A1 2 3 1,348.9 20.0 78.23 1.16 A1 2 (S0 4 ) 3 Si O, 8.6 .50 18.4 1.07 75.2 4.39 26.2 1.53 12.6 .74 432.5 25.05 10,017.0 2,251. 581.78 131.29 5349.2 311.91 4,556.6 265.80 941.0 54.02 510.5 29.80 A.R.J. A.R • J. R. V /. S. A. D E. A. D.E. P. B. 100 MINEEAL CONTENT OF WATEES. [BULL. NO. 10 Analyses of Illinois Town Cutler Danville Vermilion 10713 Danville Vermilion 11892 . Mar. 22,1904... Mrs. L. Rust . . Decatur Macon 6072 County Laboratory number. 9991 Date Dec. 6,1901 .... P. Feaman Spring Nov. 8,1902.... G. A. Damon . Oct. 14,1899... M.T.Holt .... 5 foot spring . . Owner. Depth Strata.... R emarks Turbidity Distinct Yellow .000 Distinct Muddy .000 Decided Yellow .000 Slight .01 .000 Color Odor Milligrams per 1,000 c. c. Milligrams per 1,000 c. c. Milligrams per 1000 c. c. Milligrams per 1,000 c. c. Total residue 7084. 814. 11. 7.4 .64 .336 .007 29.2 368.4 53.2 2.8 5.6 .024 .188 .042 406. 442.8 32 4 Chlorine 10. 1.8 .432 .02 .00 10.1 .6 40.5 92.8 4.1 2.5 6.9 .3 9.7 44.5 9. 11 fFree ammonia.. Nitrogen as. jAlb^ammoma.. .02 .048 .005 Potassium K 1 9 Ammonium (NH 4 ) Magnesium Mg 447.1 437.8 1.4 5.0 8.7 1.4 11. 3846.5 23.8 46.9 44 2 Calcium Ca 93 8 15 Aluminium Al 4 7. .4 2.8 31.5 7 7 Nitrate NO a 8 5 Chloride CI Sulphate S0 4 9. 72 Hypothetical *d fa »g II O G3 ►d II II Q C3 jog 3£ i- O c!3 OS'S P3 (P Potassium N itrate 2.2 2.3 60.5 .12 .13 3.53 .6 18.9 .03 1.10 4.9 .28 Potassium Chloride Potassium Sulphate Sodium Nitrate 5.5 4.6 46.7 13.5 .32 .27 2.72 .79 7.5 14.8 15:3 44 Sodium Chloride 1.2 20.6 .07 1.20 86 Sodium Sulphate 2457.2 143.34 89 Sodium Carbonate Ammonium Sulphate 2.0 .01 Ammonium Carbonate Magnesium Sulphate 2222.4 129.67 21.6 125.8 1.26 7.34 77.1 99.7 4.49 Magnesium Carbonate .... 82.7 4.82 5.81 Calcium Sulphate 530.2 704.2 30.93 41.08 Calcium Carbonate 117.1 4.3 6.83 .25 231.8 13.52 234.3 13.67 Oxide of Iron and Aluminium. Ferrous Carbonate 2.9 9.4 18.6 .17 .55 1.09 8.5 4.8 14.6 .49 .28 .85 .3 .8 16.3 .02 Alumina .05 Silica 14 8 34.1 .87 1.99 .95 Suspended matter Total 6009.9 350.61 323.3 18.86 450.4 26.15 471. 27.46- Analyst a. r ). E. P. B. D. K. R. V V. S. BARTOW ET. AL.] Waters— Continued. WATER ANALYSES. 101 Deerfield — Lake Dekalb Dekalb 3463-4 Apr. 15,1898 . L.B. Merr'n. 841 feet Salt Peter (?) City supply . Distinct .5 .000 Dekalb .... Dekalb .... 3462 Apr. 18.1898 L.B. Merr'n 890 feet .... Salt Peter.. DeWitt DeWitt 10033 Dixon Lee 10906 Mar. 2,1903. C. Hughes spring Downs McLean ... 12316 Aug. 8,1904 MissL.Bkr. 127 feet .... Drift 446 Jan. 28,1896 . R. B. Chase . 140 feet Rock .. Dec. 10,1901 . Chas. Gleen. Spring Slight ■ .02 .000 Distinct Yellow .000 Clear .000 .000 Decided ... Yellow.... .000 Milligrams per 1,000 c. c. Milligrams per 1.000 c. c. Milligrams per 1,000c. c. Milligrams per 1,000 c. c. Milligrams per 1,000c. c. Milligrams per 1,000c. c. 334.4 17.2 .9 3.3 .6 .048 .000 .16 3.0 29.7 1. 23.3 56.5 .49 .8 6.7 .7 .9 2.9 296.4 24. .9 2.8 .08 .044 .012 .25 4.1 23.0 432. 36.4 2.4 7.2 10. .352 .003 .077 3.3 19.9 284. 6. 2.8 2. .016 .048 .000 1.6 6.9 5.3 486. 9 9.0 9.40 .308 .00 .16 3.0 22.5 12. 43.5 94.8 6.1 5.5 10.5 .7 .9 2.5 11.1 41.2 73.3 26.5 49.4 .8 .7 3.3 1.1 .9 4.1 38.7 96.3 5.0 5.6 10.5 .3 2.4 11.5 35.5 78.8 1.2 .6 7.5 .7 2.8 9.9 .7 11.4 306.9 'Combinations. "0 3* O ►a den II e.3 3ft da> Q CIS rag £L3 den II a j»g 3ft dco II a c!p rag 3ft dec dp rag el 1.1 1.9 3.6 .06 -.11 .21 1.8 1.9 5.5 .10 .11 .32 .6 5.0 .9 .04 .29 .05 11.4 5.9 3.2 .66 .34 .19 1.1 1.9 3.5 .06 .11 .20 KNO, 21.3 1.24 KC1 K„S0 4 .9 .05 .13 22.61 Na N0 3 . 2.1 NaCl 387.5 1.3 67.3 .08 3.93 1.6 52.8 .09 3.08 16.3 29.4 .95 1.71 12 3 3.3 .72 .19 .9 51.1 .05 2.98 Na 2 S0 4 Na 2 CO, . (NHJ, S0 4 .... (NH 4 )a CO s . . 1.9 .11 31.9 1.86 56.3 3.29 6.1 MgS0 4 . .. 104. 81.0 4.72 92.4 5.39 i34.8 7.86 123.7 7.22 151.2 8.82 MgCO s CaSO. 183. 10.68 141.2 8.23 123.5 7.20 240.8 14.05 196.9 11.48 236.6 13.80 CaC0 3 Fe 2 3 +Al 2 3 . FeCU 3 Al, 3 .. 1.2 .07 1.0 .2 14.3 .C6 .01 .83 1.8 .1 7.1 .10 .01 .41 10.3 10.6 22.4 .60 62 1.30 2.6 1.1 16. .15 .06 .93 12.7 10.4 22.4 .74 .61 1.31 14.3 .84 SiOo 770.6 45.01 314.8 18.35 288.5 16.81 471.1 27.47 376.4 21.94 523.7 30 54 A. W.P. R. W. S. R. \ V. S. A. D E. P, B. J. M. L. 102 MINERAL CONTENT OF WATEES, [BULL. NO. 10 Analyses of Illinois Town Dundee Kane Duquoin Perry 12038 Duquoin Duquoin Perry 12039 County Laboratory number 8958 12037 May 10, 1904... L. D. Skinner. 30 feet . Jan. 18, 1901.... Ei. Browning.. 250 feet Rock May 10,1904.... L. D. Skinner. Spring May 10, 1904... L. D. Skinner. 108 feet Depth Strata , Sand . . Rock Remarks Turbidity Decided Yellow Oil. .. Slight. . Decided Muddy .000 Color Muddy Pungent Red Odor Peculiar Milligrams per 1,000 c.c. Milligrams per 1,000 c.c. Milligrams per 1,000 c.c. Milligrams per 1,000 c.c. 406.4 3,909.2 962.4 1,489.2 1,098.0 391 2 Dissolved Loss on ignition 17.2 1.4 11. 10.4 .17 15.5 4.5 .186 .186 74. 3.6 .114 .098 9 Oxygen consumed 8 25 | Alb. ammonia.. .112 .160 .003 .117 3.8 29.4 13:4 37.2 73.1 5.3.... .003 .12 .010 .31 .008 1 Nitrates 072 Potassium K Sodium Na 296.0 178.7 144 Magnesium Mg Calcium Ca... 244.2 352.1 33.6 102.1 40.9"" 128 8 Ferrous Fe Aluminium Al 5. 6.6 .5 1.4 1.1 Silica Si 5.7 .6 15.5 2,112.4 8.2 ■ 1.4 74. 311.4 11 6 Nitrate N 3 Chloride CI 9 Sulphate S0 4 552 \ Hypothetical C3-J5 Q CO§ to "2 a 2> O cog SL3 oti o to^ B| p2 col" Potassium Nitrate .8 2.9 1.9 .04 .17 .11 Potassium Chloride Potassium Sulphate 1.5 .08 Sodium N itrate .8 25.6 881.6 .05 1.49 51.42 1.9 122.1 401.9 .11 7.12 23.42 Sodium Chloride 14.8 426.4 .86 24.87 67.7 3.92 Ammonium Sulphate 35.6 2.06 1,213.8 70.80 50.1 81.7 2.92 4.76 203.4 11.87 129.3 7.50 773.2 311.4 45.10 18.16 143.1 216.6 8.35 182.8 10.60 255.0 14.87 12.63 10.9 .9 14. .63 .05 .81 Silica 12.2 .71 17.5 1.02 24.8 1.45 Total 448.3 25.97 3,218.6 187.73 929.9 54.22 1,029.1 60 03 Analyst A. R. J. J. M. L. J. M. L. J. M. L. BARTOW ET. AL.] WATER ANALYSES. 103 Waters — Continued. Dwight Livingston .. 12894 Dwight Livingston... 12895 Dwight.. .. Livingst'n . 9929 Nov.' 30,1901 J as. Eyer.. 220 feet .... Rock V." Slight'.! .02 .000 E. Moline... Rock Island. 13589 E.St.Louis. St. Clair.... 11800 Feb. 9,1904. M.R.Tha'r. 90 feet E.St.Louis. St Clair ... 11801 Feb. 9,1904. M.R.Tha'r. Miss. River Feb. 7, 1905.. L. E. Keeley 135 feet Feb. 7, 1905.. L. E. Keeley 135 feet Gravel. , 12894 treated. Distinct Whitish .000 Sept. 23. 1905. W Vanderv't 1,450 feet .... Rock City supply. Flowing V. Slight .... Yellow .000 .000 000 Milligrams per 1,000 c. c. Milligrams per 1,000 c. c. Milligrams per 1,000c. c. Milligrams per 1,000 c. c. Milligrams perl.OOOc.c. Milligrams perl.OOOc.c. 1,156.4 974.4 1,099.6 1,060. 680.4 196. 29.6 175. 4.9 2. lfi .054 35. 5.3 2.08 .126 38.0 4.45 2.08 .120 317.5 7.25 1.680 .034 43.5 3.7 .656 .054 5.8 9.3 .448 .192 .000 .44 4.7 .050 .315 5.1 238.1 2.7 26.3 19.1 .00 .16 8.5 307.3 2.8 31.5 51.9 .6 .3 • 4.9 .7 175. 316.6 .000 .08 9.9 268.8 .003 .077 .008 .672 149. 2 7 59.2 .8 42.1 138.4 23.2 .448 13.0 35.9 50.9 128.7 2 2 26.6 61.9 1.8 1.1 4.2 .3 317.5 223.3 1.7 ""Vo'.s" ""hi"" .8 5.8 45.6 3.9 1 9 3.4 1.5 38. 547.3 35. 549.4 43.5 102.7 Combinations. 3£ p £5 O OS'S p n> pre O dsi cog P n -0 3* as fl> a 3 C CfiS OS'S EL 3 §.5 O C^p col" S.3 T3 3£ O Cp EL? 3.2 .17 .39 2.4 8.1 .14 .47 1.1 18.5 .06 1.08 .6 18.2 .04 1.06 KNO, 6.7 KC1 K,SO* k;co 3 8.3 .48 NH 4 C1 . i.i 9.6 59.3 .06 .56 3.46 NaN0 3 52.5 397.3 3.06 23.18 56.4 665.2 3.29 38.80 265.1 468.6 117.8 8.3 lb. 47 27.33 6.88 .48 508.7 212.1 29.68 12.37 71.8 94.7 4.19 5.52 NaCl Na 2 S0 4 Na 2 CO, K 2 C0 3 9.9 .58 9.9 .58 2.4 .14 1.6 .09 (NH 4 ) 2 S0 4 (NH 4 ) 2 CO, MgS0 4 MgC0 3 CaSO + 252.9 14.75 113.1 12.2 6.60 .71 99.9 22.7 5.83 1.32 46.8 113.4 2.73 6.61 10.8 30.0 .63 1.75 109.6 6.39 101.1 5.89 14.41 247.1 47.9 2.2 2.79 .13 129.7 7.57 154.7 9.02 315.9 43.1 20.07 2.51 89.8 11.7 5.24 .68 CaCO s Fe 2 3 +Al 2 3 .- FeC0 3 4.5 .26 .17 .48 1.2 .6 10.4 .07 .04 .60 3.7 2.0 9.0 .22 ,12 .53 3.2 AL0 3 '..."... 8.2 7.2 48.3 .42 2.80 28.8 1.68 13.2 .77 Si0 2 ' 1,086.6 63.34 972.9 56.73 1139.2 66.45 1031.6 60.19 746.9 43.45 227.1 13.24 J. M . L. J. M . L. A. ] D. E. J. M . L. D. K. D. K. 104 MINERAL CONTENT OF WATERS [BULL. NO. 10 Analyses of Illinois Town East St. Louis. St. Clair 11666 Eldorado Twp. McDonough .. 9125 .. Elgin Kane 13784 Dec. 4, 1905.... R. R. Parkin .. Fox river Elgin 11168 Date Dec. 9, 1903.... C. Hagedorn.. 80 feet June 3, 1901 ... H. Leighty... 731 feet Rock July 1, 1903.... Depth Spring Strata Gravel R emarks Turbidity Decided Yellow .000 Distinct .2 .000 Little Color Yellow Earthy 3 Odor 000 Milligrams per 1,000 c. c. Milligrams per 1,000 c. c. Milligrams per 1,000 c. c. Milligrams per 1,000 c. c. Total residue 554.0 3,911.6 32 4 2,070. 9.4 1.72 .054 .000 .1 333. 321 6 Loss on ignition 36.4 Chlorine 28.8 4. .656 .082 .012 .308 2.5 8.3 .116 .352 .004 .40 264.0 6.5 2 2 Oxygen consumed 2 5 fFree ammonia.. •Mifrno-An aa J Alb ' ammonia.. JN ltro & en as -i n itrites .28 .036 .000 (^Nitrates 000 Alkalinity 1,464.2 2 2 15.4 34.0 1.9 2.1 5.7 .5 2,070. .8 -Sodium Na 30.7 .8 29.9 176.1 7.3 Ammonium (NH 4 ) 4 Magnesium Mg 35.3 66.7 .5 1.2 5.2 1.7 2.5 35.5 33.4 62 2 Ferrous Fe 1 6 Aluminium Al 2.5 Silica Si 11.5 1.4 28.8 64.1 7.2 Nitrate NO, Chloride CI 2.2 Sulphate SO* 8.3 Hypothetical ►d as crq'O hd II O dp oqtJ jo n> 3£ Is O op "a H3 II a as &3 ("D Potassium Nitrate .7 20.1 .04 1.17 2.8 5.9 .16 .34 Potassium Chloride 2.1 .12 Potassium Sulphate Potassium Carbonate ...... Sodium Nitrate 1.9 49.5 34.6 .11 2.89 2.02 Sodium Chloride 3,395.5 1.1 295.1 196.94 .06 17.12 2.2 12.3 5.6 .13 19.9 1.15 .72 .33 Ammonium Sulphate 2.9 .17 Ammonium Carbonate 5.9 .34 1.1 .06 Magnesium Sulphate 48.3 70.4 441. 23.2 2.82 4.10 25.72 1.35 27.6 103.5 166.8 1.62 6.03 9.72 Magnesium Carbonate 53.8 85.0 3.12 4.93 116.1 155.4 6.78 9.07 Ferrous Carbonate 3.9 4.0 12.2 .23 .23 .71 1.1 2.2 11.1 .06 .13 .65 3.4 4.8 15.3 .20 Alumina .28 Silica 24.4 1.42 .90 Total 696.2 40.6 3,877.3 224.89 340.7 19.86 318.3 18.59 Analyst P. B. A. L . M. J. M . L. P. B. BARTOW ET. AL .] Wat ers — C ontinue cl . WATER ANALYSES. 105 Elgin Kane 12022 Elgin Kane 12024 May 5. 1904 .. G. B. Royer. Spring Elgin Kane 8872 May 6,' 1900. W.M.Anr's 93 feet Rock Flowing... Decided ... .35 .000 Elgin Kane 8748 Elgin Kane 12909 Feb. 11,1905 R.R. Parkin 1,300 feet .. St. Peter... Elgin Kane 13785 Dec. 4, 1905 R.R. Parkin 2, 000 feet . . Rock May 5, 1904.. G.B. Royer. Spring Nov. 6, 1900.. R.R. Parkin. 1,100 feet .... St. Peter Flowing Slight .000 .000 Very slight.. 2 "!ooo Distinct .01 .000 Consid'ble. .4 .000 Decided ... .4 Putrid Milligrams per 1,000 c. c. Milligrams Milligrams per 1,000 c. o[perl,000c.c. 1 Milligrams per 1,000 c. c. Milligrams perl,000c.c. Milligrams perl, 000c. c. 332.4 329.2 328.8 22.4 1.7 2.8 1.12 .052 .008 .08 353.6 14.8 5.8 2.1 .736 .068 .000 .08 365.0 376. 2.6 2.8 .038 .060 .000 1.9 3.2 .688 .064 .002 4.7 2.65 1.840 .056 .000 .120 3.5 4.0 1.080 .192 .OOU .24 323.4 10.5 24.3 1.4 27.5 65.9 .5 1.3 4.7 1. 3.5 8.1. 7.7 .9 30.1 66.1 1.5 3.8 8.3 3.4 1.9 10.1 9.1 32.9 1.4 34 58.9 1.9 18.0 48.0 .9 21.1 50.6 .7 .1 4.0 .3 5.8 16.7 7.0 46.8 4.3 36.2 69.5 .4 .8 33.1 48.9 .7 1.2 3.9 .6 4.7 15.9 7.3 .5 2.6 66.2 6.6 .3 1.7 4.6 Combinations. ►a Is Q dp opt) P O "0 S3 ™ O Cjpo (jqtt P 0> 3* O CS i»g Cfq-O p (t fi O CS P?g p a> O ciS *0 13 i-t O clS aq-a 5.6 4.0 10.5 .33 .23 .61 .6 3.6 8.3 5.9 .03 .20 .48 .34 .5 12.2 25.5 .03 .71 1.48 .9 9.9 3.3 .05 .58 .19 1.7 7.4 12.2 .10 .43 .71 KN0 3 KC1 K 2 S0 4 K,C0 3 Na N0 3 .... NaCl Na 2 S0 4 .... Na 2 C0 3 .... (NH 4 ) 2 SO, (NH 4 ) 2 C0 3 MgS0 4 MgC0 3 ••.. CaC0 3 .8 .05 .25 .47 4.3 8.0 6.4 13.0 .37 .76 3.9 107.7 .22 6.24 20.9 92.3 1.22 5.38 2.1 54.5 .12 3.18 75.9 4.40 2.3 .13 3.7 .21 2 4 .14 3.7 .22 76.2 4.44 4.24 10.12 72.7 173.5 104.8 165.0 6.11 9.62 118.4 147.1 6.87 8.53 73.5 127.5 4.26 7.39 80.6 122.3 4.70 7.13 95.6 164.7 5.58 9.60 Fe 2 3 +Al 2 FeC0 3 AL 3 Si Do O .8 1.6 .65 .09 .90 3.0 7 2 17.7 .17 .42 1.03 3.9 .23 1.5 .2 8.5 .08 .01 .49 1.4 2.2 8.3 .08 .13 .48 1.0 2.5 10.0 .06 .15 .58 15.6 14. .81 353.5 20.61 339.5 19.78 381.4 22.10 363.4 21.05 342.1 19.94 355.4 20.73 J. M.L. J. M. L. A.R.J. A. R 1 i. J. M.L. J. M.L. 106 MINERAL CONTENT OF WATERS [BUIL. NO. 10 Analyses of Illinois Town Elkhart Elmhurst DuPage 4349 Nov. 8, 1898... A. H. Fisher.. Spring Eureka Woodford 4172 Cook. Laboratory number 13420 2927 Date Aug. 6, 1905.... J. Oglesby.... Spring Oct. 4, 1898.... C. B. Radford. 102 feet Nov 10, 1897 Depth 1602 feet. Sand Flowing Slight Turbidity Clear Slight Distinct .4 .000 Color .000 .000 .1 Musty 03 Odor 000 Milligrams per 1,000 c. c. Milligrams per 1,000 c. c. Milligrams per 1,000 c. c. Milligrams per 1,000 c. c. 489.6 472. 38. .8 2. .03 .048 .35 2.8 11.7 432. 48.0 3.2 3. .88 .062 .000 .2 23.0 1.1 42.1 89.1 1.3 1.2 12.7 .9 3.2 15.0 1178 8 34 9.8 1.6 .040 .044 1.88 9.0 96. 3 tvt^w^vo.,, ocJ Alb. ammonia . .. .64 .016 000 ^Nitrates .4 31 9 132.3 57.2 112.7 .3 2.6 9.1 .8 10.0 15.3 40.4 97 2 .6 17 2.2 1.5 .8 93.2 47.5 175.7 Silica Si 3.5 Nitrate N0 3 1.7 Chloride CI 96.0 Sulphate S0 4 537.2 Hypothetical 5. is C 5»g jqn 03 Is Q ■ fa rt> Is O tJQ'O IS C 9QT3 4.9 .29 2.4 1.7 2.1 .14 .10 .12 1.5 5.4 .09 .31 2.8 59 IT 3 44 Sodium N itrate 7.4 16.5 1.6 .43 .96 .09 Sodium Chloride 1.1 22.2 35.4 .06 1.29 2.06 111.7 283.9 6.52 Sodium Sulphate 35.9 2.09 16.56 Sodium Carbonate Ammonium Sulphate 2.9 .17 2.2 .17 Magnesium Chloride 17.9 186.3 1.04 10.87 85.0 81.0 4.96 4.72 236.3 13 79 Magnesium Carbonate 146.6 8.54 Calcium Chloride 222.6 275.5 1.0 12.98 281.1 16.40 242.8 14.16 222.7 13.00 16.07 .06 0.6 5.0 19.3 .04 .29 1.13 1.3 3.2 4.6 .07 .18 .27 2.7 2.2 26.1 .16 .13 1.52 Silica 7.4 .43 Total 540.6 31.54 460.0 26.81 468.8 27.33 1,202.5 70.19- Analyst. R. W. S. R. W. S. C. R. R BARTOW ET. AL.j Wat ers — C ontimied . WATEE ANALYSES. 107 Everett . Lake ... 4134 Sept. 26,1898 J.O'Con'or 177 feet White Clay Distinct ... Whitish... ELS Everett Lake. .. Oct. 23,1905. J. A.Seyl.. 143 feet Rock Decided. HoS....'.' Fairbury . Livingston 10529 July 31, 1902 G.Y.McD'l Spring.. Slight. .i Musty Fairfield Wayne 10920 March 3, 1903. J. M. Rapp... 1050 feet Sandstone Flowing Decided Muddy .000 Fairfield. .. , Wayne 10921 Mar. 3, 1903. J. M. Rapp. 825 feet Decided Muddy .. Mouldy . Farmer C'y De Witt.... June 14.1898 J.D.Ge'rh't 175 feet Gravel Slight. .000 Milligrams per l,000c.c. Milligrams per 1,000 c. c Milligrams per 1,000c. c, Milligrams per 1,000 c. c Milligrams per l.OOOc.c. Milligrams per l.OOOc.c. 420. 48. 9. 1.8 .30 .06 .000 .2 4.6 75.8 .5 34.3 27 7 .15 .6 13.4 1052. 7.0 39 6 1.440 .066 .000 .40 9.1 37.6 1.85 129.8 119.9 .4 .7 15.9 1.7 7.0 419.6 416.8 69.2 2.7 3.95 2.8 .132 .000 .08 2.5 30.4 3.6 42.9 75.8 1.2 .8 6.3 .3 2.7 7.4 42696.8 1254.4 24000. 134. 10.8 .32 .000 .64 107.0 13527.5 13.6 270.5 584.9 44517.6 2494.8 25500. 102. 8.8 .554 .009 .151 113.5 13548.5 11. 331.8 693.9 719.6 30.4 118. 11. 3.2 .000 .9 2.7 24000. 1.2 6.9 25500. 11.7 6.5 185.3 4.1 24.4 58.6 1.9 .4 7.1 .9 118. 2.4 Combinations. ►d C GfU pj a ►d 3* Is O dp ►d Is O cog ps n ►a 3* §1 Q CIS JQTJ P3 ft ►d E^C/3 O pj a> ►d 3£ O e.3 1.5 7.8 .09 .45 2.8 1.5 16.1 .16 .09 .91 .6 4.3 .04 .25 4.7 201. .26 11.73 .9 216. . .05 12.60 1.5 11.2 .08 .65 KN0 3 KC1 K 2 SC- 4 NaNO s . ...... 8.7 .51 5.74 5.44 1.2 11.0 60.5 .07 .64 3.53 34386. 2005.90 34439.3 2009.01 185.7 3.5 255.1 10.83 .20 15.14 NaCl 98.5 114.7 6.69 Na,SC> 4 93.4 Na 2 C0 3 . . .. 40.4 2.35 32.7 1.91 (NHJC1 (NH 4 ),SO t ... 6.8 .40 1.3 .07 9.6 .56 10.9 .63 (NHJ 2 C0 3 ... MgCL MgSO" 4 MgCO s CaCL 1064.5 62.09 1305.8 76.18 410.4 164.2 23.94 9.58 119.3 6.96 149.3 8.71 85.0 4.95 1486.1 1.7 121.3 19.5 86.70 .10 7.08 1.14 1912.8 17. 10. 17.6 111.59 .99 .58 1.03 CaS0 4 69.1 4.02 299.7 17.49 189.3 11.04 146.4 8.53 CaCQ 3 Fe 2 3 +Al 2 3 Fe CO a .3 .02 .06 1.66 .8 1.4 33.8 .05 .08 1.98 2.4 1.6 13.4 .14 .09 .78 3.9 .7 15.1 .22 .04 .87 1.1 A1,0 3 28.6 1.9 754.9 .11 44.04 14.6 6634.8 .86 387.03 SiO, 429.6 25.02 1052.2 61.37 443.2 25.85 38082.0 2221.5 44601.5 2601.84 719.0 42.41 R. ^ V.S. J. M • L. P B. P B. P. B. R. ^ V.S. 108 MINERAL CONTENT OF WATERS. [BULL. NO. 10 Analyses of Illinois Town Farmington ... Fulton Farmington ... Fulton Flanagan Livingston .. .. 10804 County Cook Laboratory number 11635 11636 11767. . Date Nov. 25, 1903... Maplew'dC.C. Nov. 25, 1903... Maplew'dC.C. Dec. 17,1902.... H. Oathout.... 156 feet Jan. 23,1904... Own er Brant & Noe Depth 100 feet Strata Creek Gravel Slight...... Turbidity Decided Yellow .0 Distinct Yellow Vegetable Color .4 Musty . . . Muddy 000 Odor Milligrams per 1,000 c. c. Milligrams per 1,000 c. c. Milligrams per 1,000 c. c. Milligrams per 1,000 c. c. Total residue 559.6 662. 610.4 35.2 15. 6.1 2. .118 .000 .16 11.6 181.2 2.6 12.3 17.7 .7 1.2 6.6 .7 15. 92.2 288 8 2.0 1.9 .640 .020 .08 12.8 5.5 .204 .160 1.105. 27 5 3 Nitrogen as. JAlb.^arnmonia.. .198 .088 .0C3 24 Sodium Na..". 18.2 .8 44.4 129.3 62.8 .3 51.1 93.8 60 1 Ammonium (NH 4 ) Magnesium Mg 9.9 29.3 Ferrous Fe Silica 6.9 .3 2.0 99.0 5.1 4.9 12.8 180.8 5.6 Nitrate N0 3 .3 Chloride CI 27. Sulphate S0 4 38.8 Hypothetical *0 p 8L§ B w ft O 3£ \ is r = 1.1 21.4 .06 1.25 Potassium Chloride Potassium Sulphate .5 3.3 51.5 .03 .19 3.01 6.8 21.1 162.4 .40 1.23 9.47 .4 44.6 57.6 54.7 02 Sodium Chloride 7.9 136.5 308.3 .46 7.96 17.98 2.60 3 36 Sodium Carbonate 3.19 2.9 .17 1.1 .06 Ammonium Carbonate 6.9 .40 Magnesium Nitrate Magnesium Chloride Magnesium Sulphate 62.6 110.5 3.66 6.45 87.8 116.3 5.13 6.79 Magnesium Carbonate 43.3 2.53 34.4 2.00 323.1 5.2 18.85 .30 234.3 2.2 13.67 .13 44.1 2.57 71.8 ' 6.0 4.18 .35 1.5 1.1 14.1 .09 Alumina .06 .83 Silica 14.7 .86 10.8 .63 11.9 1.02 Total 574.3 33.52 642.8 37.51 586.? 34.19 281.4 16.72 Analyst P. B. P. B. P. B. D. K. BARTOW, ETAL.] Wat ers — Continued. WATER ANALYSES. 109 Forest Glen. Cook Forrest Livingston .. 2453 Fort Hill... Lake 4178 Oct. 5,1898. G. Stanford 154 feet Drift Franklin Gr.. Lee Freeport .. Stephenson 4203 Oct. 10,1898 Jenks Bros. Spring Galesburg.. Knox 11980 Apr. 25,1904 W.B.McK. Brook 11768 4147 Jan. 23,1904.. Brant & Noe. 100 feet July 15,1897.. E.rt. Armst'g 31 feet Grav. & sand Distinct .3 .000 Sept. 30,1898. Dr. A. Grim.. Spring Decided . .. .03 .000 Distinct .05 .000 Distinct Muddy .003 .03 .000 Milligrams per 1,000 c. c. • Milligrams per 1,000 c. c. Milligrams per l,000c.c. Milligrams per 1,000 c. c. Milligrams per l,000c.c. Milligrams per l.OOOc.c. 288.8 436. 26. 12. 2. .4 .044 .000 .2 282.4 25.6 2.3 3.5 .44 .088 .000 .2 3.7 50.0 .6 17.2 23.6 .3 .4 7.3 .9 2.3 75.2 296.4 37.2 1. 1.3 .096 .018 .000 .05 1.6 8.5 255.2 54. 4. 1,4 .066 .072 .000 .4 4 2 4.0 433.2 39. 4.6 .178 .076 .034 ■ .286 7.4 9.1 .090 .128 .060 9.94 55.3 11.6 11.1 15.6 30.1 80.2 13.6 99.2 .5 .8 5.1 .2 1. 4.8 38.1 77.6 .16 .6 5.8 1.7 4. 24.4 29.9 68.5 4.7 .3 39. 33.6 8. .9 12. 82.8 3.3 43.9 7.4 61.8 Combinations. ►d Ellen II O ell 3% *6 3* £lcn fl O Clp /"CO p n hd 3q II O sis hd 3£ «j "a as hd 3£ |g Q Cp 5*"oa p n 1.5 4.8 1.3 .09 .28 .07 .4 2.1 .7 .02 .12 .04 2.8 5.8 .16 .34 KNO, K CI K,S0 4 .5 .03 3.75 2.90 2.16 1.2 19.8 10.8 .07 1.15 .63 40.9 2.38 NaN0 3 64.4 2.6 10.1 .12 .58 NaCl ....49.7 110.2 32.8 6.42 1.90 6.5 14.7 .38 .85 Na 2 S0 4 37.1 Na 2 C0 4 (NU 4 ) 2 S0 4 .... (NH 4 ) 2 C0 3 .... Mg(N0 3 ) 2 MgCl 2 MgS0 4 MgC0 3 CaS0 4 . . 1.6 .09 16.5 9.9 77.3 29.7 .96 .58 4.51 1.73 86.7 68.1 8.6 189.3 4.4 5.05 3.96 .50 11.04 .25 22.0 117.4 1.28 6.85 54.4 3.17 59.8 3.49 45.1 . 2.62 75.2 5.8 4.38 .34 58.9 3.43 246.6 14 38 193.9 11.31 171.3 2.7 9.99 .16 CaCO a Fe„0 3 +AL0 3 . .6 .7 15.5 .03 .04 .90 1.1 1.5 10.8 .06 .09 .62 3.4 1.1 12.3 .20 .07 .70 FeCO, AL 3 10.0 .58 17.1 • .99 7.1 81.9 .41 4.77 SiO»...'.' 297.1 17.31 406. 23.64 287.7 16.74 3"29.5 19.18 370.8 21.61 437.3 25.49 D. 1 £. R. W . S. R. W. S. R. W . S. R. W. S. R. W. S. 110 MINERAL CONTENT OF WATERS. [BULL. NO. 10 Analyses of Illinois Town Galesburg Knox Galesburg Knox Galesburg Knox Galesburg County Laboratory number 2780 11981 11982 April 25, 1904... W.B.McKinl'y 6500 Date Oct. 11,1897.... C. Isaacson Spring April 25, 1904... W.B.McKinl'y Dec. 11,1899 .,. D. W. Aldrich. 1500 feet Depth ■ Strata Rock City water Slight 03 Remarks City water City water Turbidity Distinct Color .3 .000 Odor 000 Milligrams per 1,000c. c. Milligrams per 1,000c. c. Milligrams per 1,000 c. c. Milligrams per l,U00c. c. Total residue 348.8 22.8 3.5 3.2 .078 .106 .019 4.25 1.5 20.3 454.8 963.2 1454 8 38 4 Chlorine 25. 4.1 1.600 .078 .001 .08 66.5 3.5 .320 .046 .100 .38 157 5 1 9 fFree ammonia.. Nitrogenas^lb^ammonia.. .56 .03 09 64 Potassium K 18 5 22.6 2. 37.3 97.8 130.8 .5 47.1 130.1 344 4 7 Magnesium Mg .. 27.1 39.2 3.1 2.9 21. 18.8 3.5 38.7 38 6 Calcium Ca 83 2 42 Aluminium Al 4 Silica Si 6.4 .3 25. 30.4 5.8 1.7 66.5 361.6 4 9 Nitrate NG 3 2 7 Chloride CI 157 5 Sulphate S0 4 664 4 Hypothetical 3 3 II fu>§ (JQtJ II a? • 3. 33 pi &5 ft 33 II crqw Potassium Nitrate 3.9 .22 4.5 32.0 .26 Potassium Chloride 1.86 Sodium N itrate 22.5 5.8 36.9 iii .33 2.15 .5 41.3 19.2 .03 2.40 1.12 2.3 109.7 267.2 .13 6.40 15.58 Sodium Chloride 234.3 778.1 13.67 45.39 Sodium Carbonate Ammonium Sulphate 7.50 9.40 123.2 .44 .55 7.18 i.7 224.7 6.5 .10 13.10 .38 2.6 171.0 14.5 .15 Magnesium Sulphate 17.3 82.3 1.00 4.79 9.98 Magnesium Carbonate .85 98.0 5.72 244.5 9.5 14.25 .55 325.8 6.8 18.99 .40 207.8 12.11 6.4 5.5 43.2 .37 .31 2.51 .9 .8 10.4 .05 .04 Silica .. , 13.7 .80 12.3 .71 .60 Total 321.8 18.71 468.8 27.32 957.0 55.79 1456.9 84.96 Analyst R. V V. s. D. K. D. K. R. V i. s. BARTOW ET AL.] Wat ers — C ontinued . WATEE ANALYSES. Ill Geneseo .. Henry 9171 July 26,1901 A. Martin.. Spring Distinct .... Oilman , Iroquois . 4987 May 3. 1899.. Am. Ex. Co 150 feet Sand Flowing-. — Decided Yellow .000 Gilman.. Iroquois May 3. 1899 Am. Ex- Ag 113 feet... Sand Flowing. Decided . Yellow .. .000 Gilman Iroquois 4989 May 3. 1899... Am. Ex. Co. 1746 feet Rock Decided .. Yellow ... .000 Gilman .. .. Iroquois ... 5375 Aug.14,1899 I.C.R.R... 1800 feet.... Rock Glassford .. Peoria 2533 Ap.6,1897.. E.Arms'ng Spring Gravel. . Slight... .03 .000 Milligrams per 1,000c. c. Milligrams per 1,000c. c Milligrams per 1,000c. c. Milligrams per 1,000c. c. Milligrams per 1,000c. c. Milligrams perl,000c.c. 396.8 32.4 4.6 5.6 .088 .178 .001 .039 1.7 8.1 .1 32.7 76.9 .8 3.1 23.5 .17 4.6 912.8 61.6 19.9 2.2 1.12 .034 .000 .05 5.0 72.4 1.4 54.7 137.4 .5 .9 19.9 335.4 919.6 70.4 17.3 2.2 1.04 .046 .000 .05 5.1 72.9 1.3 56.4 141.0 .6 .5 6.2 .2 17.3 1748.4 54.4 751. 4.6 .8 . .056 .000 .05 31.5 504.2 1. 43.2 96.2 .6 1.4 2.7 .2 751. 192.0 .76 i54j" 53.3 112.6 17.8 3.3 147.5 383.6 427.2 20.4 4.0 3.1 .101 .036 .000 .24 13.3 45.6 97.9 12.3 1.0 4. 9.7 Combinations. 33 fi O eg 3 3 til en d2 of 33 1| Q tfQ'O a: co *T3 33 11 Q as (K}t) 5.3. 11 • s 33 3:<« a 5 O . a g. 0QT5 .3 .02 .19 .4 9.2 .02 .54 .4 9.5 .02 .55 .4 59.9 .02 3.49 1 KNO, 3.2 KC1 4.6 128.8 177.0 .27 7.51 9.94 1.4 6.6 14.40 13.10 .08 .38 .84 .76 Na NO a 5.1 18.8 .30 » 1.09 25.5 192.6 1.48 11.23 21.1 199.2 1.22 11.61 1190.7 109.9 69.46 6.41 NaCl Na, S0 4 Na^ C0 3 .4 .02 .90 5.99 5.1 252.0 14.1 .30 14.69 .82 4.7 280.2 .27 16.33 3.6 143.8 49.8 .21 8.38 2.90 (NHJ 2 S0 4 .... MgS0 4 15.6 264.6 15.44 103.3 158.5 9.24 MgC0 3 CaSCL 9.2 345.3 .54 20.14 74.3 226.6 7.2 4.33 13.21 .42 192.1 11.14 343.4 20.02 235.0 13.71 244.4 3.2 14.24 .18 CaC0 3 Fe 2 3 + Al 2 O a 1.6 .09 .34 2.90 1.0 1.7 14.4 .05 .10 .83 1.2 1.0 13.2 .07 .05 .77 1.3 2.6 5.8 .07 .15 .34 Fe C0 3 5.8 AL 3 50.0 36.2 2.11 26.3 467.9 1.52 Si Oo 398.2 22.98 859.4 50.08 885. 51.57 1802.8 105.14 919.3 53.23 27.24 A. L. M. R. W . S. R. W.S. R W S. R. W. S. R. W r . S. 112 MINERAL CONTENT OF WATERS [BULL NO. 10 Analyses of Illinois Town Glen Ellyn DuPage 10587 Godfrey Madison 13565 Grafton Grafton Jersey 5289 County Laboratory number 5288 Date , Aug. 27. 1902... W.J. Catlin.. 310 feet .: Rock Sept. 18,1905... E. M. Caldwell June 23,1899... A. W. Palmer. Illinois River . Owner A. W. Palmer. Illinois River . Depth Strata Turbidity Slight Decided Muddy .000 Decided Muddy .000 Color .4 Musty . Muddy COO Odor Milligrams per 1000 c. c. Milligrams per 1000 c. c. Milligrams per 1000 c. c. Milligrams per 1000 c. c. 375.2 427. 332. 320.4 11.6 48. 40. 8. 8.6 11.1 .064 .352 .288 .064 .022 1.12 3.1 9.3 345 6 Dissolved 306. 39. & Loss on ignition 34.4 40 34.4 Suspended 5 6 Chlorine 1.3 1.9 .624 .032 4.8 2.0 .338 .054 18 5 Oxygen consumed fFree ammonia.. I Alb. ammonia .. .064 .352 .256 Nitrogen as. O O) O j»g OqtJ Potassium Nitrate .6 2.7 3.7 .04 .16 .22 .4 5.1 .02 .30 5.4 .31 5.6 .33 Sodium N itrate 2.2 14.2 9.6 .13 .83 .56 2.0 14.0 11.0 .11 Sodium Chloride 4.0 32.5 29 1 .23 1.90 1.70 .82 Sodium vSulphate 79.7 4.65 .64 .5 1.7 .03 .10 Magnesium Sulphate 31.3 57.1 1.82 3.32 28.9 59.6 1.68 Magnesium Carbonate 102.5 5.95 109.0 6.36 3.47 Calcium Sulphate 171.3 10.0 229.9 13.41 133.0 7.75 132.7 7.73 Ferrous Carbonate 2.3 3.5 15 8 .13 .2d .92 4.2 2.3 23.8 .25 .13 1.39 .6 1.2 12.8 1.8 .08 .07 .75 .10 1.0 2.8 13.3 1.8 .06 Alumina .16 Sil ica .78 Potassium Phosphate .10 Total 3S4.3 22.40 440.3 25 69 269.2 15.67 272.7 15.88 Analyst A. D. K. J. M. L. R. W.S. R. W. S. BARTOW ET.AL.] WATER ANALYSES. 113 Waters — Continued. Grafton Jersey 5286 June 24,1899. M. M. Scheff Spring Rock Grafton Jersey 5287 June'24,'i899". W. Kirkp't'k 30 feet Gravel Slight .01 .000 Grant Park Kankakee . 12652 Nov. 12, 1904 W.S.Curtis 78 feet Rock Granville Putnam 10857 Jan. 22,1903.. J. Hershey.. Spring Greenville. Bond 3948 Aug.13,1898 C.K.D'vs'n 40 feet Sand Slight .02 .000 Gridley.... McLean ... 2452 July 16, 1897 E.N.A'm'g 56 feet S. and grav Distinct . .. .1 .000 Distinct .03 .000 Decided . .. Yellow .... .000 Distinct .4 .000 Milligrams per 1000 c. c. Milligrams per 1000 c. c. Milligrams per 1000 c.c. Milligrams per 1000 c.c. Milligrams per 1000 c.c. Milligrams per 1000 c.c. 272. 306.8 492.4 520.8 554.8 654. 11.2 19.6 82.4 71.2 16. 9. 1.4 .002 .05 5.2 1. .001 .024 10.8 1.7 .352 .026 5.2 3.1 .144 .088 24. 1.1 .004 .01 9. 4.1 1.04 .110 .000 .2 2.2 11.6 .000 1.16 2.7 7.3 .001 .16 ""l2.'8"" .002 .16 2.0 9.4 .2 55.1 95.8 1.7 2.0 6.3 .000 .8 1.9 27.8 '*"40.*8'" 111.0 .2 1.1 13.6 .032 .9 ■"43.9"' 1.37 46.7 87.2 '"8*6"" 20.8 75.4 .15 .7 8.2 24.9 89.0 .3 .6 9.6 43.3 120.2 2.8 2.3 8.7 .9 9 15.3 5.2 5.2 29.5 .7 10.8- 73.9 .7 5.2 101.1 3.6 24. 77.1 4.0 9. 191.2 Combinations. O P O -t p n *d 3| Is C apt? 05 O 11 O dp MS" aqtJ p ►d C CIS crqw p n 3* O ay p (V 1.5 .09 .19 6.8 .39 1.1 3. .06 .18 4.9 .28 KNOa 3 2 KC1 K 2 S0 4 ... 1.4 8.4 11.2 .08 .49 .64 .9 18.1 16.7 .05 1.06 .97 .8 39.6 37.1 .05 2.30 2.16 5.5 14.8 113.1 .31 .86 6.59 NaNO, . 12.4 20.8 .72 1.20 6.3 21.3 .37 1.25 NaCl .... Na 2 S0 4 Na,C0 3 .7 .04 4.9 .28 (NH 4 )„S0 4 (NH 4 ) 2 C0 3 .... 1.6 71.0 .09 4.14 21 A 67.6 1.59 3.94 78.3 96.0 4 57 5.60 107.9 115.9 6.29 6.76 65.1 96.4 3.79 5.62 139.8 64.0 8.16 3.73 MgS0 4 MgCO s CaS0 4 188.4 10.99 222.3 12.96 300.3 17.52 239.3 13.96 277.3 16.17 216.6 2.3 12.70 .13 CaC0 3 Fe 2 3 +Al 2 3 .. FeC0 3 .3 .02 .07 1.02 <6 1.2 20.5 .04 .07 1.19 5.8 4.3 18.4 .34 .25 1.05 3.5 3.7 13.5 .20 .22 .79 .5 2.0 28.8 .03 .11 1.68 1.3 A1 2 3 .. 17.5 18.4 1.07 SiQ 2 K 3 P0 4 318. 18. b3 367.4 21.39 538.8 31.41 516.2 30.12 552.5 32.19 580.4 33.83 R. W .S. R. W . S. J.M .L. P. I 3. R. \ V.S. R. ^V V.S. ■8 G 114 MINERAL CONTENT OF WATERS. [BULL. NO. 10 Analyses of Illinois Town Gridley McLean 2636 Hamilton Hancock 12924 Hamilton Hancock 13093 . . Harrisburg Saline.. 4024 Date Aug. 7,1897.... K. N. Armstng 50 feet Feb. 21,1905... H. Brown Spring Apr. 20,1905 ... J. W. Dewitt.. 700.f eet Flowing Clear Sept. 1,1898.... L>epth 275 feet Strata Turbidity Coarse sand . . . Distinct .2 •ooo Limestone Clear Rock Slight .02 Color Very little .000 .000 .000 Odor .. .000 Milligrams per 1,000 c. c. Milligrams per 1,000 c. c. Milligrams per 1,000 c. c. Milligrams per 1,000 c. c. 551.6 21.6 3.7 2.4 1.36 .062 .000 6.0 338.8 3610.8 18287 2 Loss on ignition 372. 11.5 1.25 .024 .066 .000 6.8 592.5 7.75 1.760 .030 .000 .100 11000. 1 fFree ammonia.. Nitrnorpn a amm Onia .. iMitrogenas.-j Nitrites 12.4 .052 000 Lithium Li .05 1. 4.5 54.6 3.2 9.0 28.8 863.0 332.1 Sodium Na 641.9 Ammonium (NHJ 15.9 41.0 90.1 2.3 .8 9.2 26,5 3.7 162.6 22.8 . 83.5 84.8 143.2 .8 6.2 .9 139.4 201.3 .8 5.5 9.3 30.1 11.5 228.0 2.3 Nitrate N0 3 2 Chloride CI 592.5 1526.1 11000. Sulphate S(J 4 14.5 m Hypothetical id I^ICO o ►d 3| Is Q el IS C ►d i^Ico Q c!p Sal 11.6 .68 8.2 .47 .4 633.7 .02 Potassium Chloride 55.0 3.21 36.96 26.7 6.1 138.6 1.56 .36 8.08 33.2 1.94 Sodium Chloride 934.4 1521.9 54.51 88.78 16318.8 951.94 Ammonium Chloride 47.2 2.75 15.4 28.5 45.8 .90 1.66 2.67 558.6 32.58 86.1 82.6 5.03 4.82 421.5 24.59 541.3 31.57 227.0 191.0 13.24 11.14 Calcium Carbonate 225.0 13.12 208.6 2.2 12.17 .13 15.2 .88 4.8 1.2 19.5 .28 .07 1.14 1.8 11.6 2.0 .11 .68 .12 1.6 10.4 4.8 4.4 .09 .60 Silica 19.7 1.15 .28 .25 602.2 35.14 361.6 21.09 Total 3366.2 196.38 18136.4 1057.92 Analyst R. W. S. J. M. L. J. M. L. R. W. S. BARTOW ET. AL.] Waters — Continued. WATEE ANALYSES. 115 Harrisburg .. Saline 4025 Sept. 1,1898.. Geo. Burnett 275 feet Limestone .. Slight .02 .000 Harrisburg .. Saline 4026 ....• Sept. 1,1898.. Geo. Burnett 275 feet Limst. & coal Slight .03 .000 Harrisburg Saline 4027 Sept. 1,1898 Geo.Burn't 100 feet .... C'l,lm'st,rk Distinct.... .4 .000 Harrisburg . Saline 9225 July 29, 1901. H. S. Andsn 104 feet Rock Decided .... Yellow .000 Harrisburg Saline 9228 July 29, 1901 Wm.Chois. 94 feet Sandstone . Slight .01 .000 Harrisburg Saline 9229 July 29,1901 Wm.Chois. 210 feet .... Lmst.&s'd. Slight .01 Musty Milligrams per 1,000 c. c. Milligrams per 1,000 c. c. Milligrams perl, 000c. c. Milligrams perl.OOOc. c 'Milligrams per l,000c.c Milligrams per l,000c.c. 793.6 10.8 90. 2.1 .64 .058 .03 .05 13.7 305.7 .8 5.9 7.1 1.5 90, 3644. 170. 1640. 7.5 2.56 .048 .000 .2 2664. 172. 12. 1.9 .4 .024 .000 .05 2007.2 120.8 22. 4.3 .048 .000 2964 8 230. 50. 3.7 .064 .056 .034 .286 774.8 11.8 78. 4. .448 .108 .026 .134 58.1 1080.1 3.3 90.2 131.4 1.0 1.7 3.1 .9 1640. 224.4 9.0 77.2 .5 109.2 357.4 7.6 .8 23. .2 12. 154.05 3.0 35.0 .5 101.9 351.5 9.0 3.2 31.0 .3 22. 962.4 3.7 148.9 .1 91.9 547.4 .5 1.4 11.7 1.3 50. 1431.0 2.7 304.1 .6 8.6 8.7 78. 16.3 Combinations. ►0 ll o CIS >-i el ►d ™ Q Cjpj Grains per U.S. gal. Parts per million .. 3£ IS Q el *d 3| Si j»g el .4 25.8 .02 1.50 1.5 109.8 .08 6.40 .4 16.8 .02 1.00 .6 5.2 .03 .30 2.0 5.5 .12 .32 1.0 4.4 .06 .26 KNO s KC1 NaN0 3 .... 128.0 12.8 578.7 7.47 .77 33.75 2616.5 158.9 152.63 9.27 6.6 230.1 .38 13.42 32.1 92.0 1.86 5.34 78.1 364.6 4.53 22.15 12.5 24.1 671.2 .73 1.40 39.14 NaCl Na,S0 4 Na, C0 3 ... (NHJC1 (NH 4 )oS0 4 ..... (NHJ 2 C0 3 .... Mg Cl 2 12.1 .70 1.8 .10 1.8 .10 .4 .02 2 1 .12 1.4 .08 T.20 133.8 220.0 7.80 12.83 542.7 31.65 506.7 29.39 456.6 26.48 MgSQ 4 MgC0 3 CaCL 20 6 29.8 1.74 1175.2 28.6 68.55 1.66 700.1 363.4 40,61 21.08 1146.0 524.8 65.47 30.44 CaSd 4 17.8 1.04 328.2 19.15 21.8 2.6 1.27 .15 CaC0 3 Fe 3 3 +Al a 3 . FeCO a .... 3.0 .17 .03 .59 2.1 3.2 6.6 .12 .18 .38 15.7 1.6 47.2 .91 .09 2.75 18.7 6.0 64.2 1.08 .35 3.72 1.0 2.6 25.0 .06 .15 1.45 .6 10.3 i2^2 '"'.72 ALO3 Si 0>... 800.1 46.66 3592.7 209.54 2066.7 120.53 179G.8 103.86 2606.6 151.19 781. 45.55 R. W. S. R. W. S. R. W.S. A. L. M. A. L. M. [ A. I ). E. 116 MINERAL CONTENT OF WATERS [BULL. NO. 10 Analyses of Illinois Town Havana Mason Havana Mason ......... Havana County 2882 4297-8 7539-40 2455 Date Nov. 1,1897.... M. Newberry . Illinois R Nov. 1,1898.... Same Aug. 25,1900... Chas. Logue .. Illinois R June 30,1897 Owner C. A. Kofoid Depth Illinois R 52 feet Strata Sand Remarks Turbidity Decided Muddy .090 Decided Muddy .000 Decided Muddy .000 Color Yellow Odor .000 Milligrams per 1,000 c. c. Milligrams per 1,000 c. c. Milligrams per 1,000 c. c. Milligrams per 1,000 c. c. Total residue 384.8 362.4 22.4 30. 27.6 2.4 63. 12.1 .48 .16 1. .7 444. 370.8 73.2 30. 28. 2. 29. 7.4 .4 .16 .04- .35 298.0 251.2 46.8 36.8 25.2 11.6 14.0 11.4 .416 .096 .04 .6 450. 42. 18. 5.4 I Alb. ammonia. .. 1.76 .118 Nitrogen as. -j gS^Sk'.] I Nitrites .000 ^ N itrates .064 .01 4.6 26.3 2.8 28.9 60.0 .15 .9 14.8 1.5 28.9 52.8 1.1 6.9 45.8 1.7 27.6 56.0 1.5 4.8 12.5 3.1 63. 42. 2.5 3.5 14.9 .6 41.5 107.1 3.2 3.7 13. 3.7 14. 43.5 2.1 20.4 19.0 Calcium Ca 69.5 Ferrous Fe 1.2 7.8 Silica Si 8.8 Nitrate NO s 21.7 Chloride CI 18. Sulphate S0 4 77.1 .5 BARTOW ET. AL.] Waters — Continued. WATEE ANALYSES. 117 Havana Mason 3752 Hennepin. .. Putnam 3761 July 23,1898.. J. H.Seaton. 800 feet St. Peter Hennepin. Putnam .... 3826 July 15,1898 J.M.Sto'fF'r 105 feet Sand&g'v'l Herrin Williamson . 13732 Hi'hl'd P'k Lake 5609 A.ug.10,1899 W. Tillm'n 135 feet Shell rock.. Flowing. .. Slight .01 .000 Hi'hl'd P'k Lake 6103 Oct. 17,1899 R. Tillman 168 feet G'vl & s'nd Flowing. .. Slight .02 -.000 June 28,1898. C. A.Kofoid. 75 feet Sand. .. ; Nov. 8,1905.. C.&C. C'ICo. 20feet Drift City supply.. Slight .02 .000 Slight .03 Sour Slight .02 .000 Decided .8 .000 Milligrams per 1,000 c. c. Milligrams per 1,000 c. c. Milligrams perl.OOOc.c. Milligrams per 1,000 c. c. Milligrams perl.OOOc.c. Milligrams perl.OOOc.c. 191.2 2920.4 344.4 1022. 420.8 570.4 16. 14. 20. 41.6 22. 2.2 1.3 .001 .008 1200. 6. .826 .032 3. 1.3 .000 .01 2.4 7.0 .096 .204 14. 1.6 29. .022 11. 1.6 .474 .036 . .002 .55 .000 .2 .666 .5 .006 .08 168.4 .000 .16 .666 .01 1.2 4.9 26.9 1092.4 1. 6.9 143.4 .3 .5 3.3 .9 1200. 199.2 1.7 12.1 12.5 117.4 2.6 76.7 .4 24.2 33.8 Trace .7 6.7 .7 14. 188.5 2.7 72.7 .6 45.8 49.3 .3 .4 8. 14.0 39.5 .3 30.0 71.6 44.6 96.9 4.3 2.8 19.1 .3 2.4 575.4 .3 13.3 2.4 9.0 2.2 3. 17.7 2.2 20.9 11. 276.9 118 MINERAL CONTENT OF WATERS [BULL. NO. 10 Hypothetical Town Havana 2882 Havana 4297-8 Havana 7539-40 Havana 2455 .... £-03 O Cp cog (Wo 5.3- O oq-O Is 5»g out) O Cjo apt) &LCD Potassium N itrite 6.1 5.1 3.7 .35 .29 .22 2.4 4.4 .14 .25 6.0 2.2 .35 .13 5.4 31 Potassium Sulphate 25.2 29.7 5.8 1 46 Sodium Chloride 100.9 17.4 5.88 1.03 44.2 27.5 2.57 1.60 21.4 20.1 1.24 1.16 1.73 .34 6.2 .36 10.2 .59 2.2 .13 31.0 74.0 1.8 4.32 33.4 77.3 1.94 4.51 35.5 69.7 2.07 4.06 91.6 3.0 5.33 Magnesium Carbonate .17 Calcium Carbonate . 137.8 8.03 150.3 8.77 267.5 15.60 173.6 10.11 3.2 9.0 26.1 .18 .52 1.51 .3 1.7 31.6 Trace.. 2.4 .02 .10 1.83 Trace. . 6.6 7. 27.6 .38 .40 1.60 2.6 14.7 .18.7 .15 .86 Silica 1.09 .14 Total 420.8 24.49 385.7 22.46 466.5 .7 27.16 .04 370.3 21.55 Analyst R. A N. S. R.\ V.S. R. W. S. R. \ V.S. BARTOW ET. AL.] WATER ANALYSES. 119 Combinations. Hennepin. .. 3761 Hennepin. 3826 ........ Herrin . 13732 . . . Hi'hl'd P'k 5609 Hi'hl'd P'k 6103 3752 .... 33 Is Q OQ'O 33 11 j»g 3| P 33 11 O h3 ■ KNO, 3 2 .18 1.5 50.2 .08 2.92 3.5 .6 .20 .03 .6 5.0 21.5 .04 .29 1.26 1.1 4.1 .06 .24 KNO, 5.1 .30 K CI .'."'.' K„S0 4 6 .03 .21 .59 Na NO,' 3 6 1938.2 294.6 540.2 113.05 17.18 31.50 4.4 26.3 4.2 .25 1.53 .24 19.8 213.0 1.15 12.42 14.2 207.0 .83 12.07 NaCL. 10.3 362.1 21.12 Na„S0 4 Na, CO, 1.5 .09 2.2 .13 (NH 4 ), SO. .. 2.6 .15 (NH 4 K CO, 17.4 1.01 2.13 221.7 12.93 46.6 51.4 2.71 2.99 169.3 40.9 9.87 2.38 Mg S0 4 36.5 24.1 1.40 104.4 6.08 MgfC0 3 CaS0 4 200.4 94.8 11. 6f 5.53 98.6 5.74 36.8 2.15 178.9 4.3 10.43 .25 84.5 4.93 123.2 7.18 CaC0 3 Fe 2 3 +AloO s Fe C0 3 .... .6 .03 .03 1.66 .6 1.0 7.2 .03 .06 .42 9.0 5.2 40.6 .52 .30 2.37 .6 .7 17.1 .03 .04 .99 .6 1.4 14.2 .08 .82 AL 3 28.4 19.1 1.10 Si O, Li . K 3 P0 4 199.8 11.60 2897. 168.94 345.7 20.11 960.9 56.05 437.6 25.49 580.3 33.82 Mn0 2 .. R. W .S. R. W. S. R. T N. S. J. M. L. R. V V. S. R. W. S. 120 MINERAL CONTENT OF WATEES. [BULL. NO. 10 Analyses of Illinois Town Highland Madison 13677 Hillsboro Montgomery.. 5707 Apr. 23, 1899... S. Canady 39 feet Hillsboro Montgomery.. 2132 . Du Page 11047 Laboratory number Date Oct. 18,1905.... H.Brew'ngCo. 246 feet Rock Apr. 21,1897.... Dr. Moyer 85 feet May 7,1903 P Rudnick Depth 173 feet Strata Capacity 7 gal. per hour. Flowing Remarks Turbidity . Distinct .4 Oily Slight Distinct .15 .000 Color .01 .000 Cloudy ooo Odor. Milligrams per 1,000 c. c. Milligrams per 1,000 c. c. Milligrams per 1,000 c. c. Milligrams per 1,000 c. c. 1670. 4943.6 505.6 162. 1.9 .002 .07 .000 30.4 369.9 951.6 34. 312. 9. 3.44 .14 .000 .04 4.0 319.1 491 2 Loss on igniton 44 4 665.0 5.7 .640 .084 .008 .20 624.9 85 2 7 Nitrnirpn a« j Alb. ammonia.. .6 .028 .001 t Nitrates 08 Sodium Na 2.7 17 7 .8 27.3 1.1 2.3 13.4 .9 665. 64.4 503.5 .5 .8 10.7 134.5 162. 2580.0 17.6 30.0 6.2"" .17 312.0 .4 42 89.8 Ferrous Fe 2 1 9 Silica 7,5 3 Chloride CI .85 Sulphate S0 4 67.6 Hypothetical B» Q CIS II l— CO a 3 Q jag m ft id B ft Cjcn B J5 Q clS Potassium Nitrate 1.5 15.5 .09 .89 2.4 .14 .3 7.4 .02 .43 .6 1.7 3.5 .04 Potassium Chloride .10 .20 182.4 267.0 665.0 10.64 15.58 38.53 Sodium Chloride 1085.0 95.3 385.2 63.29 5.56 22 .47 508.9 .6 272.8 29.68 .03 15.91 Sodium Sulphate 52.9 3.08 Sodium Carbonate Ammonium Chloride 2.9 .17 Ammonium Carbonate Magnesium Chloride 2013.0 117.42 34.8 121.8 2.03 Magnesium Carbonate 46.0 2.68 61.3 3.57 7.11 Calcium Sulphate ^ 736.8 716.1 42.97 41.77 Calcium Carbonate 68.2 3.98 75. 2.3 4.36 .13 224.3 13.08 2.3 4.3 28.6 .13 .25 1.67 1.1 1.6 22.8 .06 .09 1.32 4.2 3.5 16. 7.2 .25 ,20 Silica 13.1 .76 .93 Suspended matter .42 1731.9 Totals 101.01 4608.2 268.52 941.7 54.89 473.4 27.61 Analyst J. M . L. R. V /. S. C. F . R. P. B. BARTOW ET AL.] Waters — Continued . WATEK ANALYSES. 121 Hoopston ... Hoopston . .. Hope Huntsville... Hyde Park Ipava Vermilion ... Vermilion ... Vermilion . Schuyler Cook Fulton 10916 13588 9769 Nov. 1,1901 3481 10385 May 19, 1902 10433 June 23,1902 Mar. 3,1903... Sept. 25, 1905. Apr. 19, 1898. A.Honeyw'll Mrs. Rodm'n Ludwig.. .. L. F. King.. Mathews. .. C. Marshall 106 feet Drift 107 feet .... 288 feet .... Rock....... 1,088 feet... Lime stone ' Spring Drift Quicksand .. Flowing . .. Slight Decided V. Slight... Decided V. Slight... V. Decided .000 Yellow .01 .03 .000 Yellow .000 Putrid .000 .000 .00 .000 Milligrams Milligrams Milligrams Milligrams Milligrams Milligrams per 1,000 c. c. per 1,000 c. c. per l.OOOc.c. per 1,000 c. c. perl.OOOc.c. perl,000c.c. 344.8 379.0 2114. 344. 182.4 2322. 34.8 43.6 28. 9.6 47.2 1.2 1.2 1250. 5. 16. 535. 1.9 2.75 9.9 1.6 1.4 17. .252 .752 1.4 .184 .16 1.12 .040 .13 .032 .042 .016 .000 .000 .001 .000 .000 .000 .16 .08 .12 .6 .11 1 2.7 4.1 102.3 2.8 5.1 23.2 75^.4 .3 1.8 .23 .2 1.4 6.3 54.0 81.0 72.9 72.8 84.0 12.4 121.7 .6 .15 .3 .9 .3 .4 .8 .7 .7 7.7 6.5 3.8 11.2 4.3 4.2 .7 .3 .6 . 2.7 .5 .5 1.2 1.2 1250. 5. 16. 535. 23.7 10.4 54.9 18.4 12.0 758.1 Combinations. 5.3 D 2 Q CIS h3 II Q dp ELS ha ft PS. * Coo li P3. Su ft "0 a " 2.3 O CSS 1.1 2.5 2.2 .06 .15 .13 .6 2.5 5.7 .04 .15 .33 .9 194.6 .05 11.35 4.3 1.7 .25 .10 .7 9.4 .04 .55 .7 43.9 .04 2.56 KN0 3 KC1 K„S0 4 NaN0 3 1885.1 109.97 6.9 27.3 35.4 .40 1.59 2.06 19.1 17.8 66.2 1.12 1.04 3.86 848.3 674.9 49.48 39.37 NaCl 33.4 1.95 .30 10.8 104.5 .63 6.09 NaoSO. .... 5.1 Na,C0 3 5.3 .31 NH 4 C1 5.1 .30 (NH 4 ) 2 S0 4 .8 .05 .6 .04 (NH,) 2 C0 3 MgCl 2 MgS0 4 MgCO a CaS0 4 83.4 48.9 4.86 2.85 268.2 15.64 122.6 7.15 48.1 2.81 119.5 6.97 22.5 1.31 22.4 165.4 1.30 9.65 118.5 217. 1.8 6.92 12.65 .11 202.5 11.82 182.2 10.63 209.8 12,24 31.1 1.82 CaCO s Fe 2 3 4Al 2 3 .. FeCCV 1.3 .08 .04 ,95 .3 1.5 13.8 .02 .09 .81 .6 1.4 8.0 .04 .08 .47 2.0 .11 .6 1.3 9.2 .03 .08 .54 .7 Al 2 O s 16.4 22.2 1.29 9. 22.6 .53 1.32 SiO, 388.6 22.68 370. 21.6 2416. 140.93 429.7 14.55 177.9 10.39 2210. 128.92 P. B. J. M. L. A. D. E. R. W. S. A. D. E. A. D. E. 122 MINERAL CONTENT OF WATEES. [BULL. NO. 10> Analyses of Illinois Town Jacksonville .. Morgan 3726 .... Jacksonville . . Morgan 3970 Fulton Morgan 5107 Laboratory number 10489 Date June 30, 1902... W. T. Branson 768feet July 23,1898.... S. Dunlap Aug. 18 D. Seligman .. May 25, 1899.... W.McLa'ghlin Spring Owner Depth Strata Rock Sand ... Remarks Same as 3970 Turbidity Slight .... Slight... 000 Color • .05 .000 .02 .000 01 Odor Vinegar 000 Milligrams per 1,000 c. c. Milligrams per 1,000 c. c. Milligrams per 1,000 c. c. Milligrams per 1,000 c. c. Total residue 4060. 26. 2075. 7.1 1.4 .064 .005 .795 19.3 1.8 20.3 37.7 .9 .6 3.4 .4 2075. 1.3 339.6 29.2 6.0 1.3 .136 .04 .000 .2 1.5 .2 32.3 78.0 .8 .3 5.9- .9 6. 24.4 374.8 54. 9. 2. i .134 .052 .005 1. 1.2 416 8 38 4 Chlorine 10 2 1 8 fFree ammonia.. Nitrogen as.-! Alb^mmonia.. .02 .02 015 3 2 2 8 9 6 Ammonium (NH 4 ) 29.9 70.7 .07 1.7 4.1 4.4 9. 14.8 37.6 89 9 Trace Aluminium Al .4 11.2 Nitrate N O a , 14.1 Chloride CI 10.2 Sulphate S0 4 8.6 Hypothetical 3 £ den IS- Q 0q*O Is - $ e?§T 30.-0 ja n I— "t 3£ dec II Q oq-o den 11 O OQTJ JO ft Potassium Nitrate 5.8 32.3 .34 1.9 1.5 1.7 .09 .10 3.2 .18 7.3 .42 Potassium Sulphate Sodium Nitrate 3 3 14.8 W.9 .19 .86 .87 13.2 15.3 .77 Sodium Chloride 3398.3 1.9 410.5 198.2 .11 23.93 8.6 21.3 .50 1.24 .89 Sodium Sulphate Sodium Caabonate Ammonium Nitrate ■ .5 .03 4.8 .28 Magnesium Nitrate Magnesium Chloride .9 10.8 122.6 .05 M agnesium Sulphate 12 1 103.9 .70 6.06 6.0 99.7 .35 5.81 .63 Magnesium Carbonate 70.6 4.11 7.15 Calcium Carbonate 94.3 1.9 1.2 7 2 5.49 .11 .07 .42 194.8 1.6 .5 12.5 11.36 .09 .03 .73 175.2 .1 3.1 8.7 10.21 .08 .18 .51 224.6 13.10 Alumina .7 23.1 .04 1.34 Total 4028 8 234.96 359. 20.93 329.0 19.24 418.5 24.39 Analyst P. R. R. W. S. R. W. S. R. W. S. BARTOW, ET AL.] Waters — Continued. WATEE ANALYSES. 123 Jacksonville Morgan 7811 June 29, 1900 O. K. Taylor Spring-.... Slight.. Turbid. Musty . Jacksonville Morgan Feb. 6, 1901.. Wm. Carson Spring Gravel Very slight. .01 .000 Jacks'nv'le Morgan .... 9218 Aug. 9,1901 Hy. Ricks. Spring Decided .. .02 .000 Jacksonville Morgan 10734 Nov. 1, 1902.. S. Dunlap . .. Spring Slight. Putrid Jacks'nv'le Morgan.... 11924 Mar. 31, 1904 E.Tichner. Spring 2l Gravel Slight. .2 .000 Jacks'nv'le Morgan .... 3712 June 21,1898 H.S.Uph'm 3110 feet.... Rock Flowing . . . Distinct.... .02 .000 Milligrams per 1,000 c. c. Milligrams per 1,000 c. c. Milligrams per 1,000 c.c. Milligrams per 1,000 c. c Milligrams perl.OOOc.c. Milligrams perl.OOOc.c. 344.4 37.6 4. 3.3 .152 .072 .000 .28 2.8 39.8 .2 31.3 28.2 2.6 2.2 15.5 1.3 4. 12.9 397.2 27.2 4.8 2.5 .024 .05 .000 7. 3.2 6.1 .03 22.6 80.6 8.4 31.0 10.1 5102.4 18. 2675. 18.4 1.68 .154 .000 .16 4.6 1963.5 2.2 11.1 17.3 .5 1.8 7.8 .7 2675. 344.4 39.6 6. 2.7 .13 .166 .000 .16 1.5 11.1 .2 33.4 79.6 1.2 .9 7. .7 6. 24.4 441.6 6.0 1.4 .024 .052 .000 .08 7.5 57.1 46.7 96.1 3.1 5.8 4.7 .3 6. 53.5 2466. 10.4 1000. 4.6 1.2 .022 .000 .5 32.7 678.6 1.5 45.4 123.0 2.6 1.3 6. 2.2 1000. 439.7 Combinations. a ™ O dp jag 09 ft> '-d 3£ Is O 'rxP 09 n 1— 1-1 a 2 O Wg 09 ■■d Is Q opt? 09 n> hd 3* II C d09 cag crptJ 09 3* Is OS jag 30. "0 09 n> 2. .12 .24 8.3 .48 1.1 7.9 .06 .46 1 1 2.1 .06 .12 .6 12.6 1.5 .03 .73 .09 3.5 59.9 .20 3.50 KNO3 4. K CI K 9 S0 4 . 22.5 1.30 NaNO, 3.5 .20 1.12 4.35 .01 4402.1 1.2 532.5 255.32 .07 30.89 8.3 24.3 .48 1.42 "H'.9 27.4 '"4 '.54 1.59 1601.0 150.4 93.38 8.77 Na CI 19.2 Na, S0 4 74.4 A3 "".6i Na, C0 3 .1 (NH 4 ) N0 3 .7 .04 5.5 .30 (NH 4 )o SO. 5.9 .34 (nh 4 ):co 3 .... Mg(NO s )o Mg CL ...". .5 .02 10.4 6.4 .60 .37 9.5 109.4 .55 6.38 162^5 "9.47 225.9 13.17 MgS0 4 MgCO s 108.8 6.36 68.6 14.3 191.0 3.98 .83 11 08 38.4 2.23 217.6 147.5 5.3 2.4 12.8 12.69 8.59 .30 .14 .75 Ca S0 4 159.6 9.33 .32 .24 1.82 43.2 1.0 3.3 16.5 2.51 .05 .19 .96 199. 2.4 1.7 14.9 11.61 .14 .10 .87 240.0 6.4 10.8 10.0 14.00 .37 .63 .58 CaCO, 5.5 Fe C0 3 .. 4.1 Al 2 3 31.2 17.8 1.03 Si Oo 412.8 24.12 339.4 19.68 5053.1 293.08 373.4 21.77 549.7 32.03 2431.8 141.79 A. R .J. A.R.J. A. L.M. P. B. D. K. R. W. S. 124 MINEEAL CONTENT OF WATERS. [BULL. NO. 10 Analyses of Illinois Town Jacksonville.. Morgan 3713 June 21,1898... H.S. Upham.. 3,028feet St. Peter Flowing Distinct .02 .000 Jacksonville... Morgan 11888 Jersey ville Jersey ville Jersey 3750 County Laboratory number 10192 Date Mar. 19,1904.... F. Sibert 3,100feet St. Peter Flowing June 21,1902.... J.J.Miller.... 40 feet June 27,1898.. Depth ... 1,468 feet . Strata Rock St. Peter . Remarks City supply.... Slight 01 Turbidity Color .4 .000 Odor 000 Milligrams per 1,000 c. c. Milligrams per 1,000 c. c. Milligrams per 1,000 c. c. Milligrams per 1,000 c. c. Total residue 2,520. 36. 1,000. 5.4 1.2 .016 .000 .6 33.3 698.8 1.5 44.5 120.1 ' 1.0 .8 6.5 2.6 1,000. 435.3 2,482.4 3,019.6 83.2 1.195. 8.2 .112 .118 .95 7.85 2,624.4 Loss on ignition 30.8 961.5 8.3 .64 .024 .024 .096 232.5 510.7 .8 43.6 128.9 1.2 8.1 4. .5 961.5 335.5 1,070. 6.5 fFree ammonia.. Mitrr,o-*n o« J Alb - ammonia... 1.08 .02 024 .15 Potassium K , 34.1 785.5 719 5 Ammonium (NH 4 ) 1.4 66.0 189.3 49.4 Calcium Ca 110.1 1.2 Aluminium Al 9.1 Silica Si 10.4 34.7 119.5 467.0 4.6 .7 Chloride CI 1,070,0 Sulphate S0 4 412.6 Hypothetical II ft Q a 3 O ^0 II O CjpD 3.3. dp Potassium Nitrate 4.3 60.4 .25 3.52 443! 3 .04 25.86 1.1 64.0 .06 Potassium Chloride 3.73 Sodium Nitrate 47.5 196.2 690.7 1,086.5 2.77 11.44 40.29 63.38 Sodium Chloride 1,600.5 213.2 93.36 12.43 1.237.8 73.5 72.22 4.28 1,713.1 140,6 99.92 8.19 Sodium carbonate Ammonium Sul phate 5.5 .30 3.0 .18 5.1 .29 Ammonium Carbonate Magnesium Sulphate 221.4 12.91 219,6 12.81 250.5 14.61 Magnesium Carbonate 229.7 "'472!9 3.0 13.40 '"27 .'59 .18 156.1 186.1 9.10 10.85 i53.6 209.6 8.77 12.23 160.8 156.8 9.37 9.14 Oxide of Iron and Aluminium. 2.1 1.6 13.7 2,464.9 .12 .09 .80 143.73 2.6 15.2 8.0 2,366 3 .15 .88 .47 137.89 2.6 1.8 9.8 .15 Alumina .10 Silica 22.2 .1.29 .57 Total 2,748.7 160.34 2,506.2 146.13 Analyst R. V /.S. D. K. A. E >. E. R.S . W. BARTOW, ET AL.] Waters — C ontinue d . WATER ANALYSES. 125 Joliet Will Joliet Will Joliet Will 9352 Joliet Will Joliet Will 11376 Sept.17,1903 L. Moore.. 108 feet Kampsv'e.. Calhoun ... 1?234 July 11,1904 J.F.Ghor 1 y 232 feet L. & soapst 4246. . 9342 10103 Oct. 24, 1898.. M.W.Cush'g 637 feet Rock Aug. 30,1901. H.Pipeubri'k 235 feet....... Rock Sept. 5,1901 H. Alex'd'r 115 feet Limestone. Dec. 16,1901.. Chas. Kahn.. 1,100 feet St. Peter Flowing Distinct .1 .000 Very slight.. .01 .000 Very slight .02 .000 Distinct .03 .000 Slight .1 .000 Decided.... 2. .000 Milligrams per 1,000 c. c. Milligrams per 1,000 c. c. Milligrams per l,000c.c. Milligrams per 1,000 c. c. Milligrams perl,000c.c. Milligrams per l,000c.c. 840. 462.8 50.4 4. 1.6 .096 .018 .001 .36 5.0 19.7 500.8 81.6 20. 1.6 .008 .022 .000 1. 8.8 22.6 434.0 142.0 2.4 2.8 .12 .036 .090 .95 624.0 74. 54. 103.5 4. .144 .136 .000 .240 29.2 133.5 4.2 .24 .106 .07 .7 17.8 5.1 32.7 48 2 .3 32.7 39.2 85.1 67.9 126.7 1.0 17.9 76.9 .3 39.5 4.2 1.6 4.0 76 61.4 127.0 .2 1.7 4.7 .6 30.0 146.0 15.1 83.2 1.5 34.4 3.7 4.5 20.0 165.3 15.8 52.2 3.1 1.7 6.5 1.0 103.5 26.7 .5 7. 3.1 54.0 274.6 6.9 4.3 2.4 33.7 Combinations. II Q ►d 3* p G §2 G p (i G Cm cog p (T> *d 3£ tttJ C Clp cog p rp 1.1 P- G cog 5. .29 1.84 2.6 7.6 .15 .44 .9 9.0 .05 .53 7.3 11.4 .43 .66 1.7 54.5 ,09 3.18 KN0 3 31.7 K CI 5.8 4. 49.9 38. .34 .23 2.91 2.22 Na N0 3 ... 64.1 3 73 4.14 .7 64.8 .04 3.78 42.4 49.2 2.47 2.87 24.1 40.5 1.41 2.36 127.9 39.6 161.9 7.46 2.31 9.44 Na CI 71.0 Na,S0 4 Na^ C0 3 .... (NH 4 ),S0 4 .... (NH 4 ) 2 CO a .... MgS0 4 .5 .03 283,3 16.53 2.22 40.4 33.8 2.35 1.98 141.0 114.9 8.22 6.71 75.0 4.37 33.2 136.3 7.95 55.0 3.21 MgCO a Ca S0 4 . 187.0 70.2 10.91 4.09 316.6 18.46 192.2 11.21 317.4 18.51 212 7 2.3 12.41 .13 130.4 7.61 CaCO a Fe 2 3 + Al 3 3 . Fe C0 3 . 2.1 .12 .06 .87 .6 74.6 9.0 .04 4.36 .53 .5 3.2 10.1 .03 .19 .59 3.2 64.8 7.8 .19 3.78 .45 6.4 2.2 13.9 .37 .13 .81 1.0 Al 2 3 14.9 14.6 .18 Si 2 827.9 48.26 426.3 24.88 688.6 40.17 491.3 28.65 464.1 27.08 593.5 34.61 R. W. S. A. D. E. A.I ). E. A. D . E. P. B. J. IV l.L. 126 MTNEEAL CONTENT OF WATERS. [BULL. NO. 10 Analyses of Illinois Town Kankakee Kankakee 3946 Kankakee Kankakee 3947 Kankakee Kankakee 5373 County Laboratory number 7262 , Date Aug:. 11,1898... W.H.Martin.. River Aug. 11, 1898... W.B.Martin.. River Aug. 14,1899... I.C.R.R River April 5,1900.... E. V. Vining.. 68 feet Depth Strata Remarks \ City supply . .. Filtered Distinct .06 .000 City supply . .. Filt'd & boiled Turbidity Slight 04 Color .06 .000 Odor 000 Milligrams per 1,000c. c. Milligrams per 1,000 c. c. Milligrams per 1,000 c. c. Milligrams per 1,000 c. c. 248. 15,2 3.4 6.2 .038 .3 .001 170.8 14. 3.3 5.2 .082 .28 .013 441 6 50.8 14.5 2. fFree ammonia... .048 Nitrogen as Potassium Nitrate 1.1 5.7 .06 Potassium Chloride .33 Sodium Nitrate 1.5 5.6 20.1 .08 .33 1.17 i.5 5.4 13.5 .08 .31 .78 5.3 3.6 14.4 .31 ,21 .84 Sodium Chloride 19.4 15.8 1.13 Sodium Sulphate .92 Sodium Carbonate Ammonium Carbonate Magnesium Sulphate 30.1 51.4 1.75 2.99 31.9 35.9 1.86 2.09 37.6 20.6 2.19 1.19 125.2 53.8 7.30 Magnesium Carbonate 3,14 Calcium Sulphate Calcium Carbonate 125.4 1.7 7.30 .09 71.6 2.6 4.17 .15 100.0 4.7 5.83 .27 221.6 12.92 Ferrous Sulphate Ferrous Carbonate 2.1 .8 .12 Alumina .05 Silica 10.5 .61 6.6 .38 30.6 1.78 13.5 .79 246.3 Total 14.32 169.0 9 82 216.8 12.62 459.0 26.76 Sulphuric acid 1 Analyst R. W.S. . R. W. S. R. W. S. R. W. S. BARTOW ET AL.J WATER ANALYSES. 127 Waters — Continued. Kankakee . Kankakee . 9766 Nov. 14, 1901 W.E.Scoby 125 feet Rock Kankakee . Kankakee . 10912 Mar. 4,1903. C H.Risser 78 feet Rock Keensburg .. Wabash 4387 Kell Kensingt'n Cook 5371 Aug.14,1899 I.C. R.R.. Calumet L. Kankakee ... 7787 . Marion 11856 Aug. 23,1900. F. Swannell. 1,000 feet .... St.P.& Tr't'n Nov. 18,1898. W. Stein 280feet Sandstone . . . Mar. 9, 1904... Kell & My's Deep Rock Very slight.. Slight .04 .000 Distinct.... .3 .000 Slight .02 .000 Decided Reddish . . Clayey Milligrams per 1,000 c. c. Milligrams perl.OOOc.c. Milligrams per l.OOOc.c. Milligrams perl.OOOc.c. Milligrams per 1,000c. c. Milligrams per 1,000c. c. 331.2 594.4 85.2 7. 1.5 .32 .02 .002 .158 576. 80.6 1.7 1.8 .088 .028 .000 .08 954. 8.0 92. 1.6 .36 .012 .000 .15 .8 387.1 1.2 1.6 .4 .4 5.6 .7 92. .4 17055.6 26. 3.5 1.1 33.9 19.2 .64 .003 1.52 .012 .024 .001 .12 .2 22.7 40.9 113.0 3.1 45.6 8.1 .7 7. 77.0 18.7 72.2 97.5 2.5 1.1 9.9 .3 1.7 31.4 7.1 182.6 117.1 450.3 2506.6 428.2 18.3 36.1 77.9 1.5 30.8 57.7 2.8 9.4 .9 16.8 134.8 .6 3.5 40.1 .7 62. 10362.0 Combinations. ►d 11 Q 5»g JtL(T> *d 3.8. pa »g ►d 11 3 ^ §1 II d$ • s. ■ as .9 .05 .22 i.i 11.3 .06 .66 .6 3.6 16.3 .04 .21 .95 K N 3 3.8 15.7 .91 K CI Ko S0 4 , 9.3 102.3 431.4 .54 5.96 25.15 1.3 27.7 22.2 .07 1.61 1.29 Na N0 3 2.8 .16 .35 .55 2.8 66.6 .16 3.89 139.2 .5 766.4 8.11 .03 44.70 NaCl 6.0 9.4 33.2 18.3 1.94 1.07 Na,S0 4 Na, C0 3 . .. 1.5 .08 90.4 5.27 (NH 4 ) 2 S0 4 .... (NH 4 ) 3 C0 3 .... MgS0 4 MgC0 3 CaS0 4 2.9 .17 1.3 .07 38.7 115.5 2.26 6.74 582.0 33.94 149.8 2.3 8.74 .13 i25.6 7.33 251.2 14.65 4.2 .24 1530.3 89.27 194.6 11.35 282.5 16.48 243.6 14.21 3.8 .22 143.6 3.0 8.38 .17 CaC0 3 Fe 2 3 + AL0 3 FeS0 4 . 6802.6 1581.7 396.83 92.26 3.2 .18 .10 "".35 6.4 86.0 ' 17.'2 .37 5.02 'Too 5.6 2. "20."4 .33 .12 'Ti9 .8 .8 ""ii'.Q .8 .05 .05 *"!69 .05 Fe CO a 1.8 AL () 3 ..' 2697.9 44.0 157.38 2.57 Al 2 (S0 4 ) 3 Si O, Li N~0 3 6. 20.8 1.2i 354.1 20.64 629.6 36.72 597.7 34.88 945.4 55.12 15453.6 1581.7 901.43 92.26 370.7 22.60 R. W.S. A. E ► . E. P. B. R. W . S. D. K. R. W.S. 128 MINERAL CONTENT OF WATERS. fBULL. NO. 10 Analyses of Illinois Town Kewanee Kewanee Kewanee County Laboratory number 2411 3390 3391 12416 Date Sept. 15,1897... W. E. Sanford. Spring , Mar. 24,1898... W. K. Sanford. 1480 feet St. Peter 4,500 gal. per hr Mar. 24,1898... W. K. Sanford. 1440 feet St. Peter 9,000 gal. per hr Sept. 7,1904.... K. Boiler Co Owner Depth 1400 feet.. Strata St. Peter . Capacity Remarks Cased to Tr'tn. Turbidity Slight Distinct .4 .000 Slight Color .03 .000 .06 Oily Odor Milligrams per 1,000 c. c. Milligrams per 1,000 c. c. Milligrams per 1,000 c. c. Milligrams per 1.000 c. c. Total residue 500. 34. 2. 1.7 .53 .09 .000 37.6 49.4 122.1 5.7 12.2 11.6 .3 2. 30.5 1284. 23.6 400. 4.2 1.48 .026 .000 .75 18.9 365.9 1.9 25.3 65.1 1.2 1428.4 18. 485. 4 2 1.52 .022 .03 .75 20.7 394.0 1.95 28.8 78.3 .6 .11 4.3 .3 485. 251.0 1162.4 Loss on ignition Chlorine 335 Oxygen consumed 3 5 fFree ammonia.. Nitrogen as.j Alb. ammonia.. 1.00 .102 160 (.Nitrates .32 Sodium N a * 343 4 1.2 Magnesium Mg 25 6 49 Ferrous Fe Silica Si 3.9 .3 400. 256.9 7.2 1.4 Chloride CI 335. Sulphate S0 4 258.0 Lithium Li Hypothetical ^0 II O 11 d3 Cfq« 3£ §1 Q *d II d3 .5 3.8 .03 .22 5.4 32.3 .31 1.88 5.4 35.5 .31 2.07 L9 552.8 380.8 .11 .3 45.2 52.8 .02 2.64 3.07 633 9 360.9 36.97 21.05 771.4 279.5 . 44.99 16 53 32.24 22.22 6 9 .40 7.1 .42 .8 2.7 .05 1.8 .10 .16 11.7 79.8 .68 4.64 71.2 50.4 4.i5 2.94 175.4 10.22 89.3 5.21 303.9 17.73 162.7 9.48 195.5 11.40 122.5 4.8 7.15 .28 11.8 2.3 24.6 .70 .13 1.43 2.5 .14 1.2 .2 9.1 .07 .01 .53 Silica 8.4 .49 15.4 .90 Total 622.4 36.29 1304.5 76.04 1426.5 83.42 1171.0 68.32 Analyst R. ^ V. S. R. ^ N. S. r. ^ V. S. J.1V 1. L. BARTOW ET. AL.] Waters — Continued. WATER ANALYSES. 129 Kewanee Henry 12417 Sept. 7,1904.. K. Boiler Co. 1000 feet Sandstone ... Kewanee — Henry 12418 Sept. 7,1904.. K. Boiler Co. 1479 feet St. Peter City supply . Kewanee.. Henry 12971 ...;... Mar. 10,1905 E. S. GaFsh 1500 feet.... St. Peter . . . Decided Earthy. Kinmundy .. Kinm'ndy. Marion Marion 8678 4376 Oct. 19,1900.. Nov. 17,1898 F. J. Ninider Spring Knoxville. Knox '. 7182 Mar. 8,1900. Ur.L. Be'kr H.Sch'ndr 87 feet Spring Quicksand Slight .02 .000 Slight .01 .000 Milligrams per 1,000 c. c. Milligrams per 1,000 c. c. Milligrams perl,000c.c. Milligrams per 1,000 c. c Milligrams per 1.000c. c. Milligrams perl,000c.c. 765.6 1362.0 1125. 47.5 2.5 1.00 .070 .010 .07 222 2 1.2 25.4 30.7 3.6 47.5 138.3 457.5 3. 1.40 .036 .000 .12 310. 3. .400 .076 .021 12 6 352.3 1.7 27.3 79.1 457.5 256.4 35.1 78.9 1.9 2.8 5.7 2.2 310. 237.6 457.6 20.0 2.8 1.5 .368 .012 Trace .52 2.3 69.0 .5 26.6 72.3 2.2 2.5 9 4 2.3 2.8 56.6 1818. 192.0 3.2 .0C6 .012 13.5 255.9 720. 60.8 48. 1.4 .002 .03 .045 13. 3.0 17.6 91.6 185.1 .5 .5 18. 62.0 303. 405.3 .1 62.9 143.4 .2 .5 4.4 58.5 48. 139.2 Combinations. O >-t Q jog fa n Is -« O «>g apt) B'5 CI CO O cog 3£ Clco Q jog fa 3£ D ™ jog" at) 1 " &5 *0 a P 3 3. E3 -t o jog opt? sa n 3.6 21.4 .21 1.25 3.7 1.6 .21 .09 17.6 1.02 7.7 .45 KNO, .... KC1 .... .5 .03 4.57 11.94 16.78 .8 754.9 169.9 .05 44.04 9.91 69.1 498.3 127.1 4.02 29.06 7.41 65.0 3.79 NaN0 3 78.4 494.7 231.3 28.86 13.49 3.3 83.8 93.7 .19 4.86 5.43 NaCl. ......... 204.7 Na., S0 4 287.6 Na., C0 3 . 6.2 .36 (NHJ 2 SO t . 3.2 .19 13 .07 (NHJ a CO, .... Mg(NC> 3 ) 2 Mg Cl 2 6.4 64.2 174.0 36.7 .37 3.74 10.15 2.14 135.9 7.93 101.6 51.0 5.93 2.98 399.0 39.5 23.27 2.30 MgSQ 4 MgC0 3 Ca S0 4 88.4 5.16 92.4 5.36 40.1 168.0 4.4 2.34 9.80 .26 76.8 3.2 4.48 .19 206.1 12.02 181.8 10.54 462.5 26.97 358.2 20.90 CaCQ 3 Fe 2 3 +AL0 3 . Fe C0 3 . 4.0 5.2 12.2 .23 .30 .71 4.5 4.8 20.0 .26 .28 1.16 1.0 1.0 38.4 .9 .06 .06 2.23 .05 .5 1.0 9.4 .03 .06 .55 AL, 3 7.6 .44 13.0 .76 Si 2 Li NO3 750.4 43.78 1293.2 75.45 1131.1 65.98 490.9 28.45 1654.4 96.45 723.1 42.18 J. M.L. J. M.L. J. M.L. A.R.J. R.WVS. R.W.S. —9 a 130 MINERAL CONTENT OF WATERS [BULL. NO. 10 Analyses of Illinois Knoxville Knox Knoxville Knox Knoxville LaHarpe 1701 8732 10521...... . 2624.. Date Dec. 5. 1896.... H.J.Charles.. 1350 feet St. Peter Nov. 2. 1900.... John Cook 130 feet July 28. 1902 . . . W. J. Simpson 1255 feet Limestone Sept. 1, 1897.. E. N. Armstr'g 52 feet. . . . Depth Strata... China clay Sand . Turbidity Slight . Clear Slight .02 Color .01 .000 Clear Odor .000 000 Milligrams per 1,000 c. c. Milligrams per 1,000 c. c. Milligrams per 1,000 c. c. Milligrams per 1,000 c. c. Total residue 435.6 39.6 2.2 1.1 3.84 .036 .004 .396 6.0 4.9 44.4 73.3 2.5 8.8 7.3 1.7 2.2 18.0 1175.6 44.8 188. 5.5 1.44 .04 .008 .072 12.3 293.7 1.8 27.3 63.1 2.9 1.3 4.9 .3 188. 398.6 332.4 19.2 Chlorine 11.0 1.6 [Free ammonia . . .140 Nitrogen as J, Alb- ammoma... .042 .006 .20 Potassium K 18.6 1.33 25.8 57.6 3.2 26.3 .4 191. 394.5 1.0 13.0 Ammonium (NH 4 ) 28.8 74.3 1.5 Aluminium Al 1.1 Slica Si 7.8 Nitrate NO s .9 Chloride CI . . 11. Sulphate S0 4 60.9 Hypothetical II ■ 8L3 dec O OQ'O S3 a> •"0 C (KIT* is O Potassium N itrate 34^9 .04 2.03 2.8 4.6 5.5 .16 .26 .32 .6 23.0 .03 1.34 1.4 .9 .82 .05 287.7 550.7 16.79 32.06 292.2 551.2 17.05 32.15 17.4 19.0 .43 Sodium Sulphate 22.2 34.2 1.29 1.98 1.10 6.6 .38 7.1 27.9 71.3 .41 1 62 13.0 .75 26.5 76.4 1.55 4.45 61.6 57.2 3.59 Magnesium Carbonate 4.16 154.6 8.96 3.33 Calcium Carbonate 143.8 12.1 6. 55.9 8.40 .71 .35 3.26 183.0 7.2 16. 15.6 10.61 .42 .93 .90 157.5 6.1 2.4 10.4 9.19 .35 .14 .60 185.7 3.5 2.1 16.5 10.83 .20 .12 Silica .96 Total 1198.2 69.83 458.7 26.58 1152.9 67.23 365.3 21.43 Analyst A.I I. J. P. B. R.\ V. S. BARTOW ET. AL.] WATER ANALYSES. 131 Waters — Continued. Lake Bluff... Lake Bluff... LakeFore't Lake 4282 Lake Forest . Lake LakeFore't Lake 10545 Aug.12,1902 B. L. Smith 350 feet Rock LakeFore't Lake 10551 Aug.14.1902 E.B.Wy'n 1100 feet.... Rock 10548 12166 9928 Aug, 12, 1902. A. K. Stern.. 183 feet Rock June 18, 1904. W.F.Wein'rs 1600 feet Rock Oct. 28, 1898 Dr. Haven. Artesian . . Rock Dec. 17, 1901.. S. Largent. .. 1500 feet Rock City supply.. Slight ;. .000 .000 Clear. Slight .04 .000 V. slight Distinct.... Yellowish. . Aromatic... 000 .01 .000 000 Milligrams per 1,000 c. c. Milligrams per 1,000 c. c. Milligrams perl.OOOc.c. Milligrams per 1,000 c. c. Milligrams perl.OOOc.c. Milligrams perl.OOOc.c. 352.4 • • 6.8 580.8 648. 30. 26. .7 .44 .038 .000 is!o 51.6 .6 25.5 120.2 .6 .3 7.2 .9 26.0 224.5 636. 28.4 27. 1.9 .28 .028 .000 .16 17.1 53.1 .4 27.5 124.8 .8 1.4 3.4 .7 27.0 198.7 256. 12. 32.4 3.3 .12 .056 .000 .04 9.0 74.8 614. 25.2 24. 2.2 .216 .016 .000 .16 12.9 34.3 .3 26.9 112.7 .3 1.6 4.6 .7 24. 209.5 10.3 2.6 .112 .086 .008 .272 1.5 .1 14.5 1.2 .096 .018 .000 .24 14.6 51.8 12.8 23.0 .3 .2 5.0 1.3 10.3 150.2 18.9 126.9 .4 6.6 4.5 1.0 14.5 187.8 5.4 8.4 .3 .5 3.6 .2 32.4 2.3 Combinations. *d 3* B:w o S Q crqt) p n 11 r Q Cfig P Is c Clp $»§" p fp 18. Q B.B. ►-•oa 2.1 1.3 .12 .08 1.7 26.6 .10 1.55 1.4 27.7 .82 1.61 1.1 31.9 .06 1.86 .4 6.7 4.1 6.2 .02 .39 .24 .36 1.1 23.9 .06 1.39 KN0 3 KCL. K 2 SOi K 2 C0 3 7.6 .44 11.58 3.0 156.2 .18 9.11 21.1 133.6 1.22 7.79 19.6 140.1 1.15 8.18 20.8 80.6 1.22 4.71 NaCl 198.6 Na 2 S0 4 . .. ni.9 10.03 Na,C0 3 .4 .02 1.6 .09 1.5 .09 1.1 .06 (NH 4 ) 2 S0 4 (NHJXO3 .... 19.7 1.15 1.80 94.2 5.49 126.6 7.38 128.9 5.5 7.52 .32 133.5 7.78 MgS0 4 30.9 18.9 1.10 MgC0 3 CaS0 4 . 13.1 307.4 .8 12.5 9.5 .76 17.93 .05 .73 .55 45.0 267.3 1.3 .6 15.2 2.62 15.59 .07 .03 .88 67.2 232.2 .6 3.1 9.8 30.8 3.92 13.55 .04 .18 .58 1.79 57.5 .6 3.36 .04 .02 .62 311.8 1.6 2.6 7.2 18.19 .09 .15 .42 20.9 .6 .9 7.6 1.22 .03 .05 .44 CaC0 3 FeC0 31 .4 A1 2 3 10.7 SiO, 329.8 19.23 625.0 36.45 641.4 38.10 651.8 38.03 238.2 13.88 604.7 35.28 P.] B. J. M L. R. W. S. A. D E. P. B. P. B. 132 MINERAL CONTENT OF WATERS. [BULL. NO. 10 Analyses of_ Illinois Town Lake Forest. .. LaMoille Bureau 9140 LaMoille Bureau 12616 LaSalle . County LaSalle Laboratory number 12705 10662 Date , Nov. 29,1904.. A. L.Baker... 2237 feet Rock July 10, 1901.... O. Risdon 40 feet .. . . Oct. 3, 1904 A. Kendall.... 255 feet ;. Rock Oct 1 1902 Owner Depth Strata Drift R emarks Turbidity Very slight .01 Decayed wood Decided Red. Slight 000 Color Odor ... .000 000 Milligrams per 1,000 c. c. Milligrams per 1,000 c. c. Milligrams per 1,000 c. c. Milligrams per 1,000 c. c. Total residue 586.0 545.6 76.8 15. 2.2 .05 .064 .012 5.188 611.2 • 562 59.2- Chlorine 20. 1.4 .276 .058 .000 .20 15.6 2.4 17.7 16.00 .342 .000 .08 20 2 8 fFree ammonia.. Nirrnp-pn as J Alb - ammonia.. Nitrogen as.^ Nitrites> .006 .034 002 8 4 Potassium K 20.6 39.5 115.7 19.1 5.1 10.4 Ammonium (NH 4 ) 21.7 119.4 .8 .6 3.2 .9 20.0 187.0 54.6 116.9 32.7 Calcium Ca 108 3 Aluminium Al Silica Si < 11.4 23.0 15.0 39.0. 6.3 Nitrate N0 2 37 2 Chloride CI 2.4 .2 20 Sulphate SO t 128.5 Hypothetical 11 11 O dp P fD a 3. 28 3 "-I O C^p apt? O dp aag OQtJ p,fl> 3£ IS : O dp opt? p a Potassium Nitrate 1.5 28.4 .09 1.66 Potassium Chloride Sodium Nitrate 31.5 21.7 1.83 1.26 51. 2.8 2.97 Sodium Chloride 10.7 119.1 .62 6.95 4.0 .4 110.8 .23 .02 6.46 .16 Ammonium Carbonate 54.8 3.20 Magnesium Chloride , 2.4 48.8 153.7 .14 2.83 8.91 24.6 131.1 1.44 Magnesium Sulphate 108.0 6.30 7.64 Magnesium Carbonate 138.3 8.01 28.6 277.1 1.67 16.16 50.5 233.4 49.5 2.95 292.1 2.8 16.94 .16 289.1 16.86 13.62 2.89 Ferrous Carbonate 1.6 1.2 6.7 .09 .07 .39 39.4 9.6 22.2 2.30 .56 1.29 Alumina Silica 24.2 1.40 13.3 .78 Total 582.9 34.00 577.2 33.47 668.6 38.93 556.2 32.45 Analyst J. M . L. A.I ,. W. J. IV. [. L. P.] B. BARTOW ET AL.] Waters — Continued. WATER ANALYSES, 133 LaSalle LaSalle 9058 LaSalle LaSalle 10279 Feb. 18, 1902. C.A.Farnum Springs LaSalle.... LaSalle.... 10663 Oct. 1, 1902. C.A. Far'm River Lena Stephenson . 8972 Lena Stephens' n 9830 Nov.20,1901 W.R'nsh'w 595 feet .... Rock Lewistown Fulton 8970 Jan. 22,1901 P.J.Stand'd Spring Gravel Mar. 22, 1901. I. C. R.R ... 450 feet Jan. 22,1901.. W. Renshaw. 595 feet Rock Flowing - City supply . Slight .01 Musty City sup'ly Decided .... Muddy .000 Very slight .01 .000 .01 .000 Milligrams per 1,000 c. c. Milligrams per 1,000 c. c. Milligrams perl,000c.c. Milligrams per 1,000 c. c. Milligrams perl.OOOc.c. Milligrams perl,000c.c. 430.4 42.8 45. 3.8 .042 .076 .016 .784 5.4 28.9 378.8 37.6 21.5 9.4 .012 .152 .02 1.26 447.2 43.2 11. 2.5 .128 .084 .002 .718 614.8 25.2 2.6 1.7 .082 .078 .000 .08 1.8 13.4 .1 63 3 120.1 12. 2.4 46.1 12.2 7.8 .2 51.1 97.5 11.9 30.4 68.9 41.1 75.3 .9 .4 2.8 3.6 45.0 49.9 14.1 71.1 53.1 115.0 14.6 10.1 63.0 57.8 3.4 5.6 22.0 39.0 6.3 3.2 11.0 33.2 5.9 3.6 12.0 84.2 9.1 .6 2.6 176.8 Combinations. h3 si* Q cog CTQ'O p a> §1 Q Cp i»g QKJtJ P (T> dec gS p o> >-d 3* II O Cp j»g p a OqtJ p rt> 33 Is C C|p_ jog (TQtJ. p a> 5.8 5.8 .34 .34 .6 3.2 .03 .18 KN0 3 K CI 14.6 .85 6.02 .26 7.7 25.9 .45 1.51 4.4 16.8 .26 .97 1.3 19.8 11.5 .08 1.16 .67 Na NO, .... 103.8 69.8 4.8 4.07 .28 1.6 38.9 .09 2.27 NaCl 4.4 Na, S0 4 .... Na^ C0 3 .6 03 NH 4 CI. .3 .01 (NH.), C0 3 8.5 48.8 7.4 .50 2.85 .43 . .4 41.6 148.3 .02 2.41 8.60 Mg Cl,~ . . 68.6 3.98 3.35 58.4 102.1 3.40 5.95 95.9 117.6 5.59 6.85 MgSOi 57.8 220.0 213.3 143.2 12.76 12.37 8.29 MgCO s CaS0 4 172.1 9.0 9.98 .52 188.2 10.98 177.7 38.4 10.37 2.24 243.6 1.1 14.13 .06 286.2 1.6 16.69 .09 CaC0 3 Fe 2 3 +AL 3 . Fe C0 3 1.9 .8 5.9 .11 .05 AL 3 IN* 31.0 1.80 .34 7.2 .42 13.5 .78 12.6 .74 20.2 1.17 sio 2 .;;... 461.3 26.76 443.5 25.86 321.6 18.77 470.3 27.26 546.5 31.87 641.3 37.15 A. L M. A.D , P. B. A.L. M. A.I ). E. A.I I. J. 134 MINERAL CONTENT OF WATERS [BULL. NO. 10 Analyses of Illinois Town Lewistown .... Fulton Lewistown Fulton Lexington McLean 3815 .: July 10.1898.... W. M. Davis .. Spring Lexington County Laboratory No 2127 12808 3814 Date Apr. 17, 1897.:.. W. S. Edwards 20 feet . Dec. 31.1904.... J. Depler 2, 000 feet Rock July 11,1898 ... W. M. Davis Depth 40 feet Strata Sand . From tap Slight Flowing Slight 04 Turbidity .000 .000 .000 Distinct .05 .000 Color .01 .000 Odor 000 Milligrams per 1,000 c. c. Milligrams per 1,000 c. c. Milligrams per 1,000 c. c. Milligrams per 1,000 c. c. Total residue 268. 25.2 7. 1.3 .001 .022 .000 1.5 9.5 2266.0 * " 466."6 3.8 1.360 .060 .000 21.1 520.3 1.7 53.5 118.4 506. 18. 12. 23.5 4.644 .374 .000 3.9 70.4 5.9 32.8 69.4 3.1 3.1 20. .9 12.0 2.5 462.4 16. Chlorine 22. 6. fFree ammonia.. NTitrnp-pn a 3£ Is dS? II O <«g 3£ li O dp jog UQtJ 3£ §1 O :SPg est? ►d 3£ Is O cip jog 2.9 .16 .6 4.7 .03 .27 .9 8.9 .05 .52 1 1.5 3.8 .09 .22 .6 .9 .03 .05 KNO3 K CI 9 .05 5.5 .32 Na N0 3 8 2 .48 9.24 3.8 257.2 .22 15.00 '249! 4 14 '.55 2.9 18.3 5.6 .17 1.07 .33 NaCl 152.7 19.2 32.3 1.12 1.88 129.2 7.54 Na, S0 4 Na^ C0 3 2.5 .14 1.8 .11 3.3 .19 (NH 4 )., SO t . 3,2 .19 (NH 4 ), Cv) 5 .. 152.8 9.34 197.4 11.51 163.5 9.53 236.5 108.8 13.80 6.34 Mg So 4 117.0 6.82 130.0 ■ 7,58 Mg C0 3 . 104.7 6.09 4.16 78.2 108.9 4.56 6.35 146.7 73.8 8.56 4.31 CaSO t 71 4 120.6 16.7 7.03 .97 336,1 19.61 217.7 12.70 CaCO a Fe, O a + AI0O3 2.4 .14 .07 .83 1.1 .6 16.8 .06 .03 .98 3.1 .3 15.9 .18 .02 .93 1.6 2.4 15.4 .09 .14 .90 2.7 1.2 22.5 .16 .07 1.31 FeCG 3 . .. 1.3 Al, 3 .. 14.4 5.9 .34 Si0 2 510.8 30.51 671.8 39.15 664.3 38.76 321.3 18.72 838.6 48.92 402.4 23.47 R. W. S. R. W.S. P B. D. K. P. B. R.^ V.S . 136 MINERAL CONTENT OF WATER. [BULL. NO. 10 Analyses of Illinois Town Macomb McDonough .. 8094 Macomb McDonough .. 9331 Macomb McDonough... 10185 Jan. 14,1902.... A. Fisher 225 feet Rock Macomb McDonough .. Countv Laboratory number Date Aug. 4,1900.... A. McLean 1,325 feet St. Peter Distinct .01 .000 Aug. 27.1901... W. Thompson 1,360 feet St. Peter Slight Jan. 25.1902.... E. Pollock 78 feet Owner Depth Strata Turbidity Decided Yellow .000 Decided Yellow .000 Color .04 .000 Odor Milligrams per 1,000 c. c. Milligrams per 1,000 c. c. Milligrams per 1,000 c. c. Milligrams per 1,000 c. c. 3222.4 86.4 935. 6. .96 .030 .070 .36 94.3 668.8 1.2 71.5 183.6 5.6 2.3 6.6 1.6 935.0 998.4 3567.2 130.8 1148.0 y.4 1.64 .082 .015 1.185 8.7 948.1 2.1 73.8 17). 8 .9 .6 6.2 5.3 1148.0 937.3 530.4 15.6 4.4 13.9 8.8 .304 .004 .236 7.5 79.7 418 4 Loss on ignition 30 1 3 6 Nitrogen as.^lb. ammonia.. 3.2 .064 000 L N itrates .08 Potassium K Sodium Na 29 2 36.0 81.2 2.8 1.8 ;.i 1.0 4.4 .9 30.1 86.8 Aluminium Al Silica Si 10.9 Nitrate NO s 3 Chloride CI Sulphate S0 4 1.0 .7 Hypothetical 3*t *0 trice n OQtJ ^0 a £ 2 n O OQtJ h3 3* £Icn O n> Q 2.6 178.0 .15 10.41 8.6 10.3 .50 .60 1.7 9.3 1.7 2.2 .10 .54 .10 .13 .5 1.7 1.1 65.0 .03 1400.8 369.6 81.94 21.62 1883.0 639.4 109.21 37.08 .10 .06 183.7 10.72 3.79 4.5 .26 7.7 .45 355.2 20.78 366.6 21.26 125.2 7.30 107.1 6.24 623.9 36.50 292.2 224.5 16.95 13.02 202.9 11.84 216.8 14.6 12.65 .86 15.2 .89 '.'25 1.9 1.2 .11 .07 5.8 3.4 .34 .20 4.4 Silica 14.0 .82 13.2 .77 15.2 .88 23 2 1.35 Total 2968.2 173.62 3448.6 200.02 551.1 32.15 430.0 25.08 A. F< .. J. A. L ,. M. A. I ). E. a. r ). E. BARTOW ET. AL.] Waters — Continued. WATER ANALYSES. 137 Macomb Makanda Makanda .. Makanda — Makanda .. Maiden McDonough Jackson .... Jackson . .. Jackson Jackson.. .. Bureau 10519 6719-20 6727 6937 11404 10397 July 28,1902.. A. Krauser .. Jan. 18,1900.. Jan. 21,1900 Feb. 19, 1900. Sept.21,1903 May 14, 1902 , T. L. Bailey. LeeAgnew B. Wiley .... E. Roberts. D.K. M'rris 60feet Spring, 5 feet Spring 14 ft. Spring Spring.... 151 feet .... Sand . Slate & rock.. Distinct Soap stone Slight Sandstone. .. Rock Distinct — Distinct Distinct Distinct . .. Yellow .000 .01 .000 Yellow .000 Yellow Peculiar . .. Yellowish . .000 Musty Milligrams Milligrams Milligrams Milligrams Milligrams Milligrams per 1,000 c. c. per 1,000 c. c. per 1000 c.c. per 1,000 c.c. per 1000 c.c. per 1000 c.c. 1255.6 432. 1286.8 160. 1044.8 437.6 41.2 32.8 109.6 14.4 161.6 54. 3.4 10. 55.4 4.3 62.5 1.6 4.8 1.7 .9 1.4 4.9 8.5 .56 .056 .216 .016 .144 1.2 .074 .074 .074 .024 .38 .136 .001 .000 .013 .000 .040 .000 .079 .41 1.04 .12 1.560 .11 3.8 5.9 2.0 1.4 1.4 2.4 18.7 10.9 69.3 9.7 47.4 33.2 .7 .3 .2 1.5 70.6 36.9 71.5 10.8 58.5 35.4 243.6 56.5 140.2 21.7 124.4 71.7 .6 13.7 46.8 9.3 13.7 .2 .2 2.1 9.3 .8 5.7 .3 6.1 6.7 15.5 8. 13.8 8.9 .3 1.1 4.6 .6 6.9 .5 3. .4 10.0 55.4 4.3 62.5 1.6 600.0 215.7 797.7 60.7 37.4 2 Combinations. 13 fg a >-i C /-co crqtf h3 3* avj O ft) a "-t O cjg. / J 0D 3£ a it Q CIS 93 fD S.5. Is CIS 03 (T 3£ O ft, a >-t C BQtJ 03 £ICO ft, a "t CIS i»g tJQ'O .6 6.8 .03 .40 1.9 9.8 .11 .57 5.1 .30 .9 2.0 .05 .12 3.7 .22 .7 3.4 .4 .3 .04 .20 .02 .02 KNO3 KC1 K 2 S0 4 K0CO3.. 2.0 91.2 101.7 .12 5.31 5.93 6.3 103.1 15.6 .37 6.01 .92 NaN0 3 '.". .3 .02 3 34 7.1 25.2 .41 1.47 5.6 23.1 .33 1.34 NaCl . 57.3 NaoS0 4 . .. 76.6 4.46 NaIC0 3 2.6 .15 1.1 .06 .7 .04 (NH 4 ) 2 SO,. 4.0 .23 (NHJ a C0 3 .... MgSU 4 MgC0 3 . 351.0 20.48 183.3 10.69 355.5 20.74 53.7 3.13 33.' 180.4 1.93 10.52 123.3 7.19 394.9 23.3 18.56 73.8 88.7 4.31 5.17 476.5 27.79 3.1 52.0 .18 3.03 CaS0 4 318.2 310.8 18 13 179.1 10.44 CaC0 3 Fe 2 3 +Al 3 3 .. FeSC> 4 127.0 7.41 1.3 .07 .02 28.3 4.0 1.65 .23 19.3 1.7 17.0 1.12 .10 ""99 28.3 10.7 "29 .4 1.65 .62 "*i*7i .5 .6 "19 .'6 17.0 .03 .03 "i'.ii .99 FeC0 3 .4 12.3 28.0 33.0 .72 1.63 1.92 Al 2 O s Al 3 (SOJ 3 SiG 3 13.0 .75 2.60 15.2 .88 43.8 1190.2 69.45 437.3 25.49 1233.4 71.93 178.4 10.39 722.0 42.12 424.9 24.76 P.] 3. R. W . S. R.V\ r.s. R. W . S. P. B A.I ). E. 138 MINEEAL CONTENT OF WATERS. [BULL. NO. 10 Analyses of Illinois Town Manville Livingston .. .. 10766 Nov. 24,1902... J. Giolina Mapleton Maquon County Laboratory number 2534 4269 .. 11365 Date Aug. 6,1897.... E.N.Armstro'g 16 feet Oct. 2M898.... E. E. Truitt . .. Sept. 24.1903... W O Potter Owner Depth Strata Coal R emarks Turbidity Clear .000 .000 Very slight .02 .000 Slight .1 .000 Color 1 Odor ... 000 Milligrams per 1,000 c. c. Milligrams per 1,000 c. c. Milligrams per 1,000 c. c. Milligrams per 1,000 c. c. 457.2 65.2 4. 2.7 .576 .036 .08 34 1 .7 40.6 76.7 .4 .5 8.5 .3 4.0 7.3 315.2 40.8 4. 2.7 .000 .039 .002 5.6 5174. 913.2 5.5 1.2 .972 .072 .000 .2 24.2 1.2 270.7 462.7 349.8 67.1 7.3 .9 5.5 3235.3 1426 Loss on ignition 247 2 16 Oxygen consumed 1 8 Nitrogen as. ^lb..ammonia.. .000 .068 .000 t Nitrates .72 Sodium Na Ammonium (NH 4 ) < 10.0 76.9 Magnesium Mg 26.0 71.3 64.3 235.7 Ferrous Fe SilicaSi Nitrate NO s 8.3 24.8 4. 17.6 14.6 ■3.2 Chloride CI 16.0 Sulphate SO t 721.9 Hypothetical 3 3 §1 3 3 II 3 3 3r5T II O ccS" • -i 33 3;m> II .6 5.9 .04 .34 1.5 10.1 .09 .58 34.0 2.0 1.98 .11 4.4 26.4 201.8 .26 Sodium Chloride 2. 10.8 80.2 .11 .63 4.68 1.1 73.3 .06 4.27 1.54 Sodium Sulphate 11.78 4.4 .25 1.9 .11 7.3 22.0 68.7 .42 1.28 4.00 1345.8 78.49 319.8 18.65 141.3 8.25 1572-.3 91.72 467. 245.6 14.0 27.24 191.6 11.17 178.2 3.1 10.39 14.33 .18 .82 949.5 55.38 .8 .9 05 .05 421.6 15.5 24.59 .90 Silica 18.1 1.06 17.6 1.02 30.1 1.76 Total 454.1 26.49 332.9 19.38 4431.0 35.9 258.42 2.09 1309.1 78.38 Analyst P. B. R. \ V. S. R.^ V. s. P. B. BARTOW ET AL.] Waters — Continued. WATER ANALYSES. 139 Marion Williamson . 13155 May 15,1905.. H.Zim'erm'n 250 feet Sandstone. .. Decided. Muddy . Peculiar Markham Morgan 9287 Aug. 8,1901.. J. Cleary .... Spring Distinct . . .04 .000 Marquette . Bureau 4915 Apr. 8,1899. M.Covery. Spring, 4 ft. Gravel Slight... .01 .000 Marseilles.... La Salle 8578 Sept. 29, 1900. C. Peddicord 2180feet Sandstone ... Flowing Distinct Muddy .000 Marshall. .. Clark ...... 9956 Dec. 3, 1901. C.Purdium 21feet Gravel City sup'ly Very slight .01 " .000 Marshall. .. Clark 7278 Apr. 10, 1900 O. Mitchell 75feet Drift Distinct.... Yellow .... .000 Milligrams per 1,000 c. c. Milligrams per 1,000 c. c. Milligrams per 1,000c. c, Milligrams Milligrams per 1,000 c. c.jperl.OOOc.c. I . Milligrams per 1,000c. c, 1433.6 185.0 6.65 1.410 .200 404. 45.7 15.2 185.0 627.4 400. 53.6 6.4 . 2.4 .144 092 .003 1.237 2.1 8.9 .14 32.6 87.7 1.7 11.8 21. 5.5 6.4 4.9 498. 58.8 3.4 1.3 .01 .018 .000 .2 3.6 10.2 60. 1.3 14.7 3.4 41.4 2806. 82.4 1450.0 7.8 1.32 .032 .000 .2 51.8 801.7 1.7 27.5 135.5 2.8 4.7 3.2 .8 1450.0 74.4 227.2 29.6 5. 1.6 .018 .022 .000 .56 18. 118. 8. 22. 9.4 14.3 52.6 .18 .000 .16 5.5 139.9 28.3 34.5 82.9 4.8 2.3 5.1 2.5 5.0 27.3 118 Combinations. §1 *0 d£ (JQ 0> 33 • i-i 98 ** ►d 33 11 »g *0 3 3 II • £. wo 'S'S 5.4 .31 1.5 5.9 .09 .34 1.3 97.8 .07 5.67 1.1 9.7 .06 .56 K N 3 K CI 1.3 .08 17.80 51.12 3.0 10.6 7.3 3.8 .17 .61 .43 .22 3.5 8.3 16.0 .20 .48 .93 Na NO, 305.2 876.4 1.0 30.4 .05 1.77 2038. 118.20 187.7 trace. 152.2 10.95 trace. 8.88 NaCl Na, S0 4 Na, C0 3 . . 5. .29 NH 4 C1.. . (NHJ, SO, ... .4 .02 75.3 4.39 (NHJ., C0 3 . . MgCL ... 43.8 2.55 5.71 26.1 221.3 1.51 12.90 42.7 65.9 329.3 57. 2.48 3.82 19.10 3.31 20.0 35.5 1.17 2.07 MgSO,. 97.9 113.4 6.62 120.1 7.00 MgCO a CaCL r CaS0 4 114.3 6.67 .49 219.0 12.77 152.0 8.83 131.5 2.4 7.67 .14 207.1 12.08 CaC0 3 8.4 Fe, 3 + Al, 3 Fe S0 4 .... 3.7 22.2 .22 1.29 1.3 2.5 .07 .14 5.8 8.8 .34 .51 10.0 4.4 .58 .26 Fe C0 3 . AL0 3 Al 3 (SOJ 3 .. . 32.4 1.89 43.9 2.56 31.2 1.81 6.8 .39 10.8 .63 18.6 1.08 Si Q 3 1479.7 86.31 432.7 25.22 473.2 27.53 2658.4 154.18 228.0 13.29 786.2 45.84 J. M L. A. D E. R.\ V.S. A.R.J. A.I ). E. R. W.S. 140 MINEEAL CONTENT OF WATER. [BULL. NO. JO Analyses of Illinois Town Marshall Clark Mattoon Coles Mattoon Coles Mattoon Coles County Laboratory number 6230 11244 . 1372. . . 1373 Date Nov. 6,1899.... W. Dittman.... Spring 3 feet.. Aug. 1, 1903.... S. D. Enochs.. Spring Sept. 14,1905... A. Millar 72 feet Sept. 14,1896... A Millar Depth 60 feet Strata Sand & gravel. City supply . .. Remarks , Turbidit.y Distinct... .20 .000 Decided Color .2 .000 Odor Milligrams per 1,000 c. c. Milligrams per 1,000 c. c. Milligrams per 1,000 c. c. Milligrams per 1,000 c. c. 596.4 19.2 7.2 1.2 .176 .028 .000 .20 26.6 .2 49.4 126.4 .9 .8 13. .9 7.2 98.1 690.8 98. 12. 3.2 .384 .048 Lost Loss on ignition Oxygen consumed Nitrogen as.^Alb. ammonia... ^Nitrates .12 14.5 • .5 59.6 135.5 2.5 1.8 8.5 .3 12.0 161.6 42.8 19.6 31.6 89.8 3.7 3.8 12.0 .3 5.5 24.1 2 7 Sodium Na 25 6 Ammonium (NHJ 13. Magnesium Mg 52.9 103 3 Ferrous 3 8 10 2 Silica Si 12 7 Nitrate NO s 2 Chloride CI.. 15 Sulphate S0 4 26 7 Hypothetical O dp £i2 3£ Gen O Cp_ 3 S Gc/1 p Q 3£ Goo O Cm Potassium Nitrate 1.5 1.9 .09 .11 .6 2.4 .04 .14 .5 6.4 .03 .37 .4 4.7 02 Potassium Chloride .27 Sodium Nitrate Sodium Chloride 10.2 69.6 .59 4.05 17.8 23.4 1.04 1.36 3.6 35.7 66.3 .21 2.08 3.87 20.9 39.6 15.6 1 22 Sodium Sulphate 2.30 Sodium Carbonate .90 Ammonium Sulphate .." .7 .04 1.8 .11 Ammonium Carbonate 42.5 2.48 34.3 2.00 Magnesium Sulphate 63.3 127.5 3.69 7.43 180.6 81.1 10.54 4.74 Magnesium Carbonate 110.2 6.41 185.1 10.79 Calcium Carbonate 315.7 6.1 1.5 27.5 18.41 .35 .09 1.60 333.5 5.2 3.4 18.1 19.75 .30 -> .20 1.06 224.1 7.6 7.2 25.6 13.07 .44 .42 1.48 257.9 8.0 19.2 25.2 15.04 47 Alumina Silica 1.11 1.46 Suspended matter Total 625.5 36.45 672.9 39.28 529.7 30.86 610.9 35 58 R. 1 fif.S. P B. AWP&CRR AWP< &CRR BARTOW ET AL.] Wat ers — Continued . WATER ANALYSES. 141 Maywood.... McHenry.. .. Menard Mendon Middle'w'h Middle'w'h Cook McHenry.. .. 4S42 Randolph.. 10570 Aug. 22, 1902 Adams 2582 Shelby .... 3644-5 June 2, 1898. Shelby .... 3646-7 June 2 1908. 5633 Aug. 14,1899. Mar. 17, 1899.. Aug. 21,1897.. E. W. Battle. W.S.Pickard F.K. Granger A. M. Lee. G.Douthit. G.L. Do'h't 1590 feet 58feet Spring 6 ft. 1010 feet Spring 6 ft. Spring 6 ft. Sandstone Gravel Rock Sandstone ... City supply.. Slight Distinct Distinct — Distinct Distinct . .. Distinct.. .. .05 .15 Muddy .... .06 Yellow Yellow .000 .000 .000 .000 .000 .000 Milligrams Milligrams Milligrams Milligrams Milligrams Milligrams per 1,000 c.c. per 1,000 c.c. per l,000c.c. per 1,000 c.c. per l,000c.c. per 1,000c. c. 597.2 332. 475.2 6,920. 612. 610. 66. 44. 38.4 180.0 44. 49.2 4.2 1.5 17. 3,100.0 15. 15. 1.1 2.3 2.2 14.8 13.7 15.1 .4 .8 .004 2.32 10.2 10 2 .026 .042 .026 .062 .358 .43 .000 .000 .000 .000 .000 .000 .16 .15 3.2 .10 .3 .45 4.6 1.9 1.8 4.7 5.5 6.7 42.2 14.3 25.6 2,076.4 99.3 95.2 .5 1.0 37.5 2.97 122.9 13.1 37.8 13.1 37.9 49.5 29.3 93.6 63.2 68.3 * 276.3 80.2 80.0 .4 2.0 .7 2.3 4.4 4.6 .4 .8 10.6 2.3 1.5 1.7 6.5 9. 11.1 14.8 10.1 11.7 .7 .7 14.1 .4 1.4 1.8 4.2 1.5 17.0 3,100.0 15.0 15.0 240.3 11.0 43.4 986.2 2.7 2.5 Combinations. §.3- flee P ' j».g §1 O 3S Is dp £L3 Cm IS c j»g IS 1.1 .06 .46 1.1 2.8 .06 .16 4.7 .27 .7 89.9 .04 5.24 2.3 8.9 .13 .51 2.9 10.6 .17 .61 KN0 3 7.9 KC1 15.4 28.1 32.1 .89 1.63 1.87 Na N0 3 .8 .05 7.55 i.6 31.8 '"'."09 1.85 5.038.2 291.0 293.89 16.97 17.8 4.1 212.6 1.03 .23 12.39 16.4 3.7 201.2 .95 .21 11.73 NaCl 129.4 Na. S0 4 Na. CQ 3 .... .. 1.8 .10 (NHJ* S0 4 . 2.7 .16 15.9 610.9 ""426.*2 377.0 4.7 4.3 31.3 .92 35.63 '24.' 86 19.72 27 !25 1.82 34.9 2.03 34.9 2.03 (NH 4 ) 2 C0 3 .... MgSQ 4 190.2 11.09 2.27 27.3 82.7 i.59 4.82 39.1 130.6 7.61 131.5 7.66 132.0 7.74 MgCO s CaS0 4 . 233.9 13.64 .05 .05 .81 157.8 4.2 1.5 19.1 9.21 .24 .09 1.11 170.6 1.5 19.9 23.6 37.3 9.95 .09 1.16 1.37 2.18 200.4 9.1 2.8 22.6 11.68 .53 .16 1.31 199.8 9.6 3.2 23.2 11.65 .55 .18 1.34 CaCO s .8 FeCO, .8 13.9 Al 3 3 Si O2 619.7 36.13 353.2 20.58 443.2 25.82 6,890.1 399.61 647.0 3T.66 638.3 37.16 R. W. S. R. W. S. P. B. R. W. S. R. W. S. R. W. S. 142 MINERAL CONTENT OF WATERS. [BULL. NO. 10 Analyses of Illinois. Town Middlesworth. Shelby 3648 Milan ... Mill Shoals.... White 11186 Milo . County Rock Island. .. 7536 Laboratory number 4444 . Date June 2,1908.... G. L. Douthit . Spring, 9 'feet . Mav 14,1900... (7. G.Craig ... 1157 feet St. Peter Flowing July 8,1903.... C.E.Webber. Dec. 2,1898 Owner Depth • . Thos. Brown.. 142 feet Strata Rock . Remarks Turbidity Distinct Yellow .000 Very slight .01 .000 Distinct .1 .000 Color .6 Odor .000 Milligrams per 1,000 c. c. Milligrams per 1,000 c. c. Milligrams per 1,000 c. c. Milligrams per 1,000 c. c. Total residue 634. 64.4 7.' 14. 9.6 .4 .000 1148. 18. ■ 183. 3.8 1.32 .012 .002 .16 942.8 75.2 11. 3.4 1.32 .094 .000 .08 382 58 Chlorine 1 Oxygen consumed 6 5 fFree ammonia.. Nitrogen as. jAlb..ammonia.. 4. .108 000 .25 Lithium Li 7.8 55.1 12.34 44.8 114.2 3.1 1.5 11.4 2.0 7.0 106.8 11.9 343.4 1.7 18.1 40.7 .4 .5 6.0 .7 183.0 389.5 2.5 30.4 1.7 42.3 187.5 2.8 4.1 9.9 .3 11.0 657.6 4 5 Sodium Na 26.4 Ammonium (NH 4 ) Magnesium Mg 5.1 41.8 Ferrous Fe 69.0 1.5 2.2 Silica Si 4.6 Nitrate NO a 1.1 Chloride CI 1.0 Sulphate S0 4 .7 Phosporic P0 4 Hypothetical 13 3* IS O crptJ IS O crq-o 3 £J IS Q wg 63 n 1 ■ 3* Is • 9 dp 65 n> Potassium Nitrate 3.2 12.4 .19 .72 1.1 21.9 .06 1.27 .6 4.3 .04 .25 1.9 2.1 1.3 3.8 .11 Potassium Chloride .12 Potassium Sulphate .07 Potassium Carbonate .22 Sodium Nitrate Sodium Chloride , 1.8 15.8 113.3 .10 .83 6.61 284.4 576.2 103.1 16.59 33.61 6.01 14.9 73.5 .87 4.29 60.9 3.55 6.2 .36 Ammonium Carbonate ... 32.8 1.91 4.5 .26 13.6 .79 Magnesium Sulphate 210. 12.25 156.0 9.09 63.0 3.67 145.3 8.46 616.8 15.0 5.8 7.8 20.2 35.98 .88 .34 .46 1.18 Calcium Carbonate 285.4 6.4 2.8 24.3 16.64 • .37 .16 1.42 101.8 .8 1.0 12.8 5.93 .05 .06 .75 172.3 3.0 4.2 9.7 Trace . 10.00 Ferrous Carbonate .20 Alumina .24 Silica .56 Trace . Total 654.2 38.04 1170.6 68.26 975.1 56.90 481.1 24.32 Analyst R. ^ V. S. R. 'S V. S. P. B. R. > V. S. BARTOW ET. AL.] Waters — Continued. WATER ANALYSES. 143 Milton Pike Minonk Woodford ... 3539 Momence . Kankakee . 4428 Nov. 29,1898 A. S. Burt . 22 feet Limestone. Montgom'ry Kane 6877 M'tgomery Kane 77 M'tgomery Kane 11674 Dec. 11, 1903 J. Wells... 132 feet .... Rock Flowing. .. Very slight .000 .000 4142 Sept. 28,1898. Wm. Perry.. 44 feet.. Drift . May 3,1898 .. W. Minshall. 1780 feet Rock City supply. Slight .02 .000 Feb. 8.1900 .. E. E.Caldw'l 80 feet Rock Oct. 14,1895 J. Templ'n Artesian . . . Flowing Slight Flowing. .. Slight .03 Slight .02 .000 .01 .000 .000 Milligrams per 1,000 c. c. Milligrams per 1,000 c. c. Milligrams perl,000c.c. Milligrams per 1,000 c. c. Milligrams perl,000c.c. Milligrams perl.OOOc.c. 312. 2226. 8. 980. 5.2 .8 .036 .000 .4 584. 102. 40. 1.8 .532 .07 .003 2. 476.8 8.4 5. 1.5 .376 .032 .000 .08 520.8 18. 8. 3.2 1.6 .718 .026 .001 .04 1.2 .000 .026 .000 1.10 .12 10.4 117.4 6.8 27.4 845.7 1.0 4.2 8.2 .7 .5 4.4 1.8 980.0 118.6 20.1 21.4 .7 47.2 93.9 .1 .5 2.4 .9 40.0 96.6 5.0 187.8 .5 2.2 4.6 Trace . .4 4.7 3 5.0 18.2 8.9 89.8 .9 27.1 . 45.1 .2 1.1 4.1 .2 3.2 139.4 26.1 62.5 1.0 1.1 3.4 14.0 .6 11.4 4/8 2.6 8.0 2.6 3.3 17.6 Combinations. 3.3 as y J tn CTQ'O p (T> 3* Is C cIS p rt> H3 Sin 3 >-i as ' tog p a Is : O as p ft> E2 en IS a P Ct> aw tog 4.5 .26 2.9 51.1 .17 2.98 1.5 37.2 .09 2.16 .6 9.0 .03 .52 .4 6.8 11.5 .02 .40 .67 KN0 3 *23.*3 "i'M KC1 .... K* SO + . K., CQ 3 2.8 .16 .76 .16 NaN0 3 13.2 1575.4 175.4 372.8 91.90 10.23 21.75 36.7 21.3 2.14 1.25 1.1 27.0 411.4 .06 1.57 24.00 6.5 26.0 245.2 .38 1.52 14.31 NaCl 2.7 196.9 59.8 11.48 3.49 Na, S0 4 Na> C0 3 2.6 .15 (NH,). S0 4 2.7 .12 1.3 08 2.4 .14 (NH 4 )., C0 3 .. . 1.0 .06 5.25 101.5 91.7 5.92 5.34 l MgS0 4 MgCU 3 CaS0 4 90.1 14.6 .80 7.6 .44 12. .7 94.3 5.50 15R.2 2.1 2.0 24.3 9.11 .12 .11 1.41 20.4 1.5 1.0 9.4 1.19 .08 .06 .55 234.5 .3 .9 5.0 13.67 .02 .05 .29 11.4 Trace . .6 9.9 .66 "".02 .58 35. 1.3 Tr'ce 5.5 2.04 .08 Tr'ce .32 112.9 .5 2 8.8 6.59 .03 .01 .51 CaCU 3 FeCO a A1,0 3 SiO, Lio O . 298.9 17.40 2226.8 129.83 533.2 31.08 479.9 27.97 354.8 20.71 494.5 28.84 R. W. S. R. W. S. R. W. S. R.W. S. A. W. P. P. B. 144 MINERAL CONTENT OE WATERS. [BULL. NO. 10 Analyses of Illinois Town Morgan Park.. Cook Morrison Whiteside 3093 Dec. 25, 1897... J. Grierson 1640 feet Potsdam Mossville Mound City. .. County 9212 13385 July 28. 1905.... D. H. Maury.. 3561 Date July 24, 1901... W. H.Knox.. 50feet Mav 11,1898 A. Dougherty. 800 feet Depth Strata Clay Remarks Flowing Turbidity Clear Slight Clear . Color .000 .000 .01 .000 .000 .000 03 Odor 000 Milligrams per 1,000 c. c, Milligrams per 1,000 c c. Milligrams per 1,000 c. c. Milligrams per 1,000 c. c. Total residue 2907.2 94.2 71. 3.2 .05 .076 .000 21. 6.5 824. • 64. 1. 1.4 .18 .03 .000 .12 7.8 .24 31.8 61.6 382. 417 2 Loss on ignition 40. Chlorine 1.9 1 25 .038 .050 .000 .020 3.4 160 1 9 fFree ammonia.. Nitrogen as.^lb.^ammonia.. .36 .012 000 5 Potassium K 8 5 82 Ammonium (NHJ .5 79.1 604.0 .7 1.5 7.1 93.0 71.0 1644.7 35.7 84.5 .3 4.2 5.9 4.0 1.9 23.2 14.4 Calcium Ca 53.8 .6 Aluminium Al SilicaSi 3.2 5.0 1.0 20.8' 4.9 Nitrate NO s 2.2 Chloride CI , 160.0 Sulphate S0 4 15.2 Hypothetical O S3 n> *0 It II O 'up /-co crqw ►a £Icn Is Potassium N itrate 16.8 .97 .9 2.1 13.4 .05 .11 .81 6.6 1.6 .39 .09 3.6 13.7 .21 Potassium Chloride .79 113.3 64.3 6.57 3.73 1.8 12.1 .11 .71 208.5 12.15 Sodium Sulphate 19.0 6.6 1.15 .38 1.4 .07 .6 .03 Magnesium Nitrate 42.8 360.9 2.48 20.93 56.8 3.30 18.9 111.1 1.1 6.48 110.8 6.45 15.2 21. H 104.9 .96 1921.6 96.4 111.42 5.59 1.25 153.9 .1 8.97 .01 211.1 12.31 6.11 1.4 2.8 15.2 2634.9 .08 .16 .88 .6 7.9 12.6 .04 .46 .74 1.3 .07 Silica 6.6 .38 10.5 .61 Total 152.81 314.0 18.34 384.3 22.43 437.4 25.52 Analyst A. L. M. R. W. S. J. M. L. R. W. S. BARTOW ET AL.] Waters— Continued. WATER ANALYSES. 145 Mound City. Pulaski 8927 Mound City. Pulaski 8991 Mo'ndCity Pulaski 9833 Nov. 22, 1901 W.R'nsh'w 800 feet .... Rock Flowing. .. Mt. Morris .. Ogle 2598 Mt. Pulaski Logan 13558-9-60 . Sept. 18, 1905 W.H.Stafd 33feet Drift City sup'ly Clear .000 .000 Mt. Sterling Hrown 3373 Feb." 224898 K. Gesch'er 2433 feet.... >t. Peter. .. City well .. Distinct Muddy .... Sour Dec. 29, 1900. Citv W. W.. 634 feet Rock City supply . Slight .01 .000 Mar. 13, 1901. M. Miller.... 800 feet Rock Flowing Auer. 25,1897. R.McCreedy 500 feet Sandstone. .. City supply . Very slight.. .02 .000 .1 Stale Milligrams per 1,000 c. c. Milligrams per 1,000 c. c. Milligrams perl,000c.c. Milligrams per 1,000 c. c. Milligrams perl.OOOc.c. Milligrams perl.OOOc.c. 258.4 263.6 7.2 67. 2.8 .264 .038 .000 .08 400.4 46.8 28.0 1.5 .000 .022 .000 10.76 2.0 15.5 694 4076.4 390. 1310. 466.8 .48 2.24 .002 .16 58.6 1064.6 .6 72.4 170.8 4.0 10. 66. 2.6 67. 57.8 2.8 .022 .050 .000 18.0 .264 .034 .000 .04 22.8 33.6 .3 47.1 .3 9.4 42.2 57.9 17.2 9.7 37.3 .6 10.7 36.5 41.1 78.6 .6 .5 6.2 47.5 28.0 24.1 59.1 182.9 .2 1.5 4.1 .2 2.7 .4 2.8 14.6 3. 3.6 88.5 57.8 112.8 5.6 .7 1310.0 855.1 66.0 12.2 67.0 17.5 Combinations. C dptJ 11 §1 O eg aqn 3£ — CO §i O i"co &5 Cb II C crqtJ II a 3£ CIco Si O &5 .3 .02 2.51 5.2 .30 1.2 111.0 .06 6.47 KNO s 43.3 K CI .... K* SC» 4 . .5 4.6 21.6 87.9 .03 .26 1.25 5.C9 "iio.*6 25.9 14.4 "6Jh 1.51 .84 57.3 3.34 63.3 3.70 Na N0 3 .'.'.. ", 74.8 4.34 .75 2071.7 770.0 120.85 44.93 Na CI . 13. Na, S0 4 ....'.'.'.l Na, C(J 3 NH t Cl.'" .'9 ""M .'9 "".05 2.3 .13 (NHJa S0 4 .... (NHj,CO s .... Mg (N0 3 ) 2 MgCL.. 3.2 74.9 30.2 53.6 .20 4.37 1.76 3.12 50.6 77.9 141.6 8.8 2.9« 4.55 8.26 .51 '359.'9 20. 99 Mg SO t 33.6 1.95 32.7 1.89 37.4 2.18 Mg C0 3 .. Ca Cl 2 12.4 .72 4.89 63.8 379.8 3.75 12.15 CaSQ 4 .. . 81.3 105.3 1.2 6.11 .07 91.1 2.4 5.31 .14 196.2 11.50 457.0 7.2 26.66 .42 Ca C0 3 Fe, 3 +AL O g . Fe CO, 1.3 ' .07 .02 .51 i.3 1.0 13.1 .07 .06 .75 8.2 2.9 12.0 .48 .16 .70 .3 AL O a . 8.8 5.8 .33 6.4 .37 j. 7. 7 .45 Si 2 273.0 15.83 260.5 15.08 288.2 16.80 436.0 25.47 814.1 47.51 3782.8 210.66 A.R .J. A.R J. A. D. E. R.W r .s. J.M.L. R. W. S. 10 G 146 MINERAL CONTENT OF WATERS. [BULL. NO. 10 Analyses of Illinois Town Mt. Sterling... Brown 3374. . Mt. Sterling... Mt. Vernon . .. Jefferson 4388.. . 9648. 8106. Date Feb. 22, 1898... E.(7eschwind 1 r 2433 feet St. Peter City well Slight Nov. 2, 1901.... C. Brockman.. 2433 feet St. Peter Nov. 17, 1898... A. C. Johnson. Aug. 6, 1900.. .. Depth Spring Strata Remarks City well Turbidity Decided Yellow Distinct Yellow V. Slight Yellow. Color .02 .000 Odor .000 . .000 000 Milligrams per 1,000 c. c. Milligrams per 1,000 c. c. Milligrams per 1,000 c. c. Milligrams per 1,000 c. c. Total residue 714. 36.4 73. 2.5 .008 .084 .002 .21 9.9 206.7 1782.8 228. 445. 7.3 .512 .128 .012 .148 18.6 445.2 .7 20.1 56.6 21.0 15. 13.6 1348.8 72. 23. 2.3 1.52 .044 .000 .75 5.6 101.6 1.9 68.5 125.6 22.8 12.2 20.2 26f4.8 238.8 28 3.1 fFree ammonia .. Nitrogen as. ^^.ammonia... .128 .068 .065 1.76 Potassium K 6.3 111.1 Ammonia (NH 4 ) .2 Magnesium Mg 23.6 39.6 1.4 .8 5.1 203.0 Calcium Ca 319.1 7.8 Aluminium Al 36.1 30.1 Nitrite NO z Nitrate N() 3 .9 73.0 61.6 .9 445.0 268.5 3.3 23.0 940.8 7.8 ChlorideCl. Sulphate S0 4 28.0 1590.6 Hypothetical 13 9 B-| 11 jog 09 X) Q jof 09 -O Y J U) 09 TJ £•2 4.5 .26 .17 .18 2 8 3.3 .16 .19 .9 .8 .05 .05 1.1 24.9 .06 1.45 1.5 11.3 .09 .66 2.0 3.8 .11 .22 KNO s 2.9 K CI 3.1 K 2 S0 4 13.8 .80 29.3 283.0 1.71 16.50 250.7 113.6 14.62 6.62 122.3 2.0 250.7 7.13 .12 14.62 13.8 257.2 .80 15.00 NaCl 17.0 .99 4.28 Naj SO. 73.3 152.9 8.92 Na.COs 1.1 .06 1.8 .10 2.5 .14 (NH 4 ) 2 S0 4 .. 4.7 .27 3.7 .21 46.6 2.72 (NH 4 ) 2 C0 3 .... 12.0 28.6 54.6 .70 1.66 3.19 140.7 14.7 231.6 8.20 .86 13.51 68.7 146.2 198.9 4 66 8 52 11.60 M^ S0 4 113.8 150.7 6.63 8.78 82.9 130.7 4.83 7.62 74.6 97.3 1.9 4.35 5.68 .11 mrco s CaCO s Ke, O, +ALO3 2.4 .14 .09 .77 2.8 1.3 16.2 .16 .08 .91 .3 .7 9.7 .02 .04 .56 .6 1.1 7.5 .03 .06 .44 24.6 8.8 34.1 1.4S .51 1.98 FeC0 3 ......... 15 Al 2 3 13.3 10.7 .52 SiO s 387.2 22.56 410.4 23.88 421 24.54 78S.3 45.95 618.9 36.0 760 6 44.31 A. D. E. R. W. S. R. W.S. R. W. S. J.M.L. R. W.S. 150 MINERAL CONTENT OF WATERS. BULL. NO. 10 Analyses of Illinois Town Oconee Shelby 6439 Oconee Shelby 6440 Odell Livingston 4815 March 15,1899.. H. McCleary.. 292 feet Rock Odell Livingston 5051 Laboratory number Date Dec. 1,1899 .... C. Morefield .. Spring Dec. 1,1899 .... C. Morefield.. Mar 16 1899 W. P. Cleary.. 6 feet Sand and grav. 8x12x6 Depth Strata Capacity Remarks Turbidity Slight .02 .000 Slight Distinct .04 .000 Distinct .07 .000 Color .03 .000 Odor Milligrams per 1,000 c. c. Milligrams per 1,000 c. c. Milligrams per 1,000 c. c. Milligrams per 1,000 c. c. 1269.2 124.8 20. .4 .004 .062 1.4 132.9 825.2 96.4 14.7 1.1 .024 .11 2.8 97.5 1148. 32. 485. 4. .44 .082 .000 .15 411.2 6.7 19.9 .9 1.7 4.4 .7 485.0 2.5 762 4 Loss on ignition 35 2 7 Oxygen consumed 1 3 fFree ammonia. Nitrogen as.J Alb. ammoma.. .09 .082 000 ^Nitrates 12 3 Sodium Na 27 Magnesium Mg 105.6 126.1 Trace .8 9.2 6.2 20.0 538.5 65.8 93.1 1.1 2.8 13.6 12.4 14.7 229.2 69 8 Calcium Ca 128 4 Ferrous Fe 2 9 9 Silica Si 8 4 6 Chloride CI 7 Sulphate S0 4 254 4 Hypothetical £103 §2 O 93 (V ►d Q . orq T3 3£ trqtJ 3£ hi: co Q 93 Potassium Nitrate 7.7 .45 7.1 .41 1.1 32.8 .06 1.91 .9 5.1 .05 Potassium Chloride .30 Sodium N itrate 2.0 32.9 368.7 .11 1.92 21.50 11.0 24-2 262.4 . .64 1.41 15.31 773.6 3.7 243.7 45.13 .21 14.21 7.6 74.2 .44 Sodium Sulphate Sodium Carbonate 4.32 1.6 .09 361.6 114.4 21.09 6.68 64.8 183.5 3.77 10.70 255.3 64.0 14.88 Magnesium Carbonate 23.5 1.37 3.73 Calcium Sulphate Calcium Carbonate 315.0 Trace 1.5 19.6 18.37 Trace .09 1.14 232.5 2.2 5.4 29.0 13.56 .13 .31 1.69 49.6 1.9 2.2 9.4 2.88 .11 .13 .55 370.7 6.1 1.8 17.8 18.70 Ferrous Carbonate .35 .10 Silica 1.03 Total 1223.4 71.35 822.1 47.93 1143.1 66.65 803.5 43.90 Analyst R. W- S. R. W. S. R. W. S. R. W. S. BARTOW. ET. AL. WATER ANALYSES. 151 Waters- — Continued. Olney Omaha Omega Onarga Onarga — Onarga Richland Gallatin Marion — Iroquois Iroquois ... Iroquois ... 4371 7645 13004 Mar. 14. 1905 10334 10368 Mar. 29, 1902 10374 Mar. 28, 1902 May 15. 1898.. C. Edmiston. June 1,1900.. Mar. 26, 19:2.. S.C.Hall.... J. L. Reat . W. Mathews. Mathews .. W.M'thw's 22 feet 190 feet D.well 100ft 113 feet Sand US feet .... Sand 114 feet .... Sand Slight.".'.*.!... Distinct Decided . . . Slight Very slight Decided . .. .01 .50 Yellow .... Very little. .. .01 Red mud .000 .000 .000 .05 .000 ■ .000 Milligrams Milligrams Milligrams Milligrams Milligrams Milligrams per 1,000 c. c. per 1,000 c. c. per 1000 c.c. per 1,000 c. c. per 1000 c.c. per 1000 c.c. 462.8 2358.4 4864.4 1090.8 1070.8 1022.8 30. 35.2 113.2 131.2 112. 48. 1015.0 120. 65.0 71.5 8.7 .8 5.7 3.15 3.9 3.3 3.4 .001 2.16 .040 .156 .128 1.12 .01 .028 .098 .042 .05 .084 .032 .028 .018 2.8 .16 .16 8.968 8.572 .182 49.0 876.7 203.3 69.1 69.9 130.2 2.8 17.5 11.3 422.7 56.8 6L.2 61.7 72.9 34.0 546.1 163.8 165.5 143.7 .4 3.2 2.9 .7 .7 .9 1.6 .7 2.8 .5 1.3 11.3 4.2 2.1 3.5 9.7 8.9 12.4 .7 .7 39.7 38.1 .8 48.0 1015.0 120. 65.0 71.5 8.7 54.1 47.1 2625.2 388.3 403.2 422.8 Combinations. H ^ Q 3 £ oqtJ O n> o -d C T> d3 3* Cja 3* i»3 x-^ p* Er'o CfQW 2 n jqtj SS T"^ 1— "-» 3| 7.7 .45 10.5 79.1 49.2 .61 4.60 2.86 26.1 42.6 1 52 2 48 182.1 .8 .3 24.1 10.62 .01 .02 1.40 422.5 24.60 1.1 13.3 1662.2 69.7 461.2 7.4 85.0 6.6 1.4 2356.2 .06 1.90 96.96 4.06 26.90 172.6 427.1 10.07 24.91 .43 '2.' 29 'i. 96 .38 .08 .52 2119.2 123.62 908.7 696.2 6.0 5.2 4.4 53.01 40.61 .35 137.41 4373.0 255.09 R. W.S. R. W. S. J. M. L. 15.7 41.4 107.3 48.8 282.3 183.6 274.5 1.4 7,5 962.5 .91 '2"ii 6.26 2.85 16.46 10.70 16.01 56.12 A. D. E. 18. i 117.1 43.1 1.10 1.3 10.5 2.12 6.82 2.51 6.4 394.1 5.1 334.2 151.7 301.8 1.4 .1 20.7 1025.3 19.48 17.60 .01 1.21 190.9 81.1 359.0 1.9 2.4 19.0 35.7 59.78 1107.3 61 .37 22.98 ,30 11.13 4.73 "20"93 .11 .14 1.11 2.07 64.56 A. D. E. A.D. E. KN0 3 KC1 NaNO s NaCl Na 5 S0 4 Na,C0 3 .... (NH 4 ),S0 4 . (NHJsCOs MgS0 4 MgC0 3 CaS0 4 CaC0 3 FeC0 3 Al a O s SiO* 152 MINERAL CONTENT OF WATERS. [BULL. NO. 10 Analyses of Illinois Town Onarga Iroquois 10375 Oquawka Henderson 5588 Oregon Ogie.. County , Laboratory number 49Y7. 4909. Date Mar. 28,1902.... W.D.A.M'th'w 105 feet Aug. 7, 1899.... H. Patterson... 50 feet Apr. 23,1899.... C. Schneider .. 1601 feet St.P.& Potsd'm Apr. 7,1899 K M. Bruner. Owner Depth Strata. Sand St Peter Remarks Turbidity Distinct Yellow .000 Slight Distinct .04 .000 Slight Color .01 .000 Odor 000 Milligrams per 1,000 c. c. Milligrams per 1,000 c. c. Milligrams per 1,000 c. c. Milligrams per 1,000 c. c. 995.6 102. 7.9 3. 1.68 .05 .000 .04 6.6 2.2 58.6 149.8 2.8 1.2 9.4 168.4 24.4 6. .7 .001 .024 .000 5.44 .8 300.4 43.2 4.6 .8 .08 .01 .000 .1 6.8 8.2 360 8 44 14 fp>ee ammonia.. Nirrnp-pn a<» -1 Alb - ammonia... JNitrogenas.-j Nitrites 1.5 .54 .012 .000 Potassium K .04 5.8 • 24.1 Ammonium (NrLJ .7 Magnesium Mg 9.3 32.9 .15 .6 11.6 24.1 6. 9.1 33.4 63.5 .3 .4 3.7 .5 4.6 16.3 32.6 Calcium Ca 71.0 Silica Si 3.7 Nitrate N0 3 .2 Chloride CI 7.9 398.4 14. Sulphate S0 4 23.0 Hypothetica- p 1-1 Is »!J? el Q OS'S Potassium Nitrate 2.1 .12 .7 9.6 3.3 .04 .56 .19 .3 10.8 .02 Potassium Chloride 12.7 .74 .63 31.0 1.80 Sodium Chloride 3.1 215.3 .18 12.55 14.5 34.1 16.7 .84 21.5 2.7 1.25 .16 1.98 .97 8.1 .47 1.8 .10 8.0 11.4 17.2 .46 .66 1.00 291.6 17.00 116.1 6.77 113.6 6.62 19.6 360.1 1.14 21.00 82.1 4.78 158.7 9.25 177.3 .6 10.33 .04 5.8 2.2 .34 .13 .3 1.2 .02 .07 .6 .8 .03 .05 -Silica 20.0 1.17 21.7 1.44 7.8 .45 18.75 7.9 377.6 .46 Total 938.5 54.72 178.0 10.35 321.8 21.99 A. D. E. R. W.S. R. W. S. R. W. S. BARTOW ET AL.] Waters — Continued. WATER ANALYSES. 153 Ottawa LaSalle 9277 Aug. 5.1901.. Thos. Large. Spring Gravel Distinct. . .03 .000 Ottawa LaSalle 92^9 Aug. 8,1901.. Thos. Large Artesian Flowing. . Slight .01 .000 Ottawa .... LaSalle — 12846 Jan. 16,1905 K.C.lJord'n 100 feet Flowing. .. None .000 .000 Ottawa LaSalle 022 Mar. 16,1897. C. Halm... 1120 feet Flowing. . Slight .04 .000 Palatine.... Cock 1-M27 Sept. 9,1904 H.J.Iheiss 130 feet Gravel Flowing. .. V. slight. .. .C00 Peculiar . .. Palestine .. Crawford... 13504 Sept. 1.1905 David Fife. 12o5 Kock Flowing ... Decided... Muddy .... .000 Milligrams Milligrams per 1,000 c. c per 1,000 c. c Milligrams per l/GOOc.c Milligrams per 1,000 c. c. Milligrams per l,000c.c. Milligrams per l.OOOc.c. 378.4 18.4 .03 .001 3.52 4.2 7.2 40.4 63.5 1.0 2.3 7. 15.6 9.0 68.2 3175.2 34. 1530. 9.4 1.4 .07 .000 . .2 37.5 764.2 1.8 185.2 124.2 .8 .2 5 4 .9 1530. 181.4 2179.2 950. 5.9 1.120 .038 .000 .12 21.9 429.2 1.4 65.8 171.5 5.8 .12 950.0 372.8 45.6 25. 1. .512 .016 .002 .05 9.7 46.1 785.2 13189.2 26.1 64.0 .4 .3 11.1 .2 25.0 4.1 .476 .030 .000 .160 2.3 28.6 .6 55.5 82.1 .5 2.4 10.1 .7 3.1 403.2 5880.0 19.9 3.800 .052 .004 .076 69.4 4316.3 4.9 197. 267.3 15.9 16.0 55. 3 3 5880^0 2380.5 Combinations. *t3 E3 it O Cp p n 3* II Q Cp to "5 p ft> 3* II O p ft a A CfO_ c/-3' 3£ §1 Q fog EL? 3^ O 1 C eg TO I? p ft> 10.7 .62 1.1 70.8 .06 4.13 .9 41 2 .05 2.40 A 18.3 .02 1.07 3^6 .06 .21 5.4 128.5 .32 7.50 KN0 3 K CI. K*S0 4 12.4 .72 .57 Na N0 3 . 9.8 1942.5 113.32 1091.6 63.68 26.8 16.5 69.7 10.2 1.56 .96 4.06 .59 2.5 85.4 .15 4.98 9614.4 1647.2 560.85 96.08 Na ci... .. '.;.;;;; Na* S0 4 . .. Naa C0 3 14.8 .87 11.4 5.4 .66 .31 12.4 4.2 .72 .25 21.6 1.26 117.0 6.82 NH 4 CI.. '.'.'.'. (NH 4 ), S0 4 2.2 .13 ' 17.9 1.04 (NH 4 ) 2 CO s "" Mg CL 4.2 .25 423.1 24.68 257.5 15.02 MgSOj"' 275.7 16.08 658.5 38.42 Mgco 3 ' ;; '.;;;'.; Ca CL.. 135.0 7.87 269.2 15.71 95.2 5.55 116.3 185.5 187.3 5.6 6.78 10.81 10.93 .33 Ca SO, . 12. 58 '"3l6.'4 *i8'io 174.8 76.4 10.20 4.46 908.4 5.74 CaC0 3 215.6 159.9 9.33 Fe 2 3 + AiJ0 3 ". Fe S0 4 . 43.1 8'6 72.5 2.52 *"!50 4.23 Fe C0 3 2.1 4.3 .12 .25 1.6 .4 .09 .02 1.7 .10 1.1 4.6 .06 .26 alo 3 . ..*:::;::: AL (S0 4 ) 3 Si O a 408.9 23.85 3035.8 177.08 1902.5 110.97 398.7 23.24 649.0 37.85 13221.5 724.02 A. D E. A. D. E. J. M.L. J.M . L. J.M. L. C. R. R. 154 MINEEAL CONTENT OF WATERS. [BULL. NO. 10 Analyses of Illinois Town Pana Paris Paris Rdgar . . . Christian 9237 Edgar 10179 Jan. 17,1902... Harry Wood.. Reservoir 994 June'i7,'i896'. '.'. J. Hines 30 feet 10346 Date Aug. 1,1901.... S. Simpson 16 feet Apr. 5,1902 .... Owner Depth . .. 35 feet Strata Drift Sand . Water works . . Very slight Flowing Flowing Turbidity Very slight — .000 .000 Color .000 .000 Muddy Disagreeable.. Odor Milligrams per 1,000 c. c. Milligrams per 1,000 c. c. Milligrams per 1,000 c. c. Milligrams per 1,000 c. c. 2961.6 216. 19. 2.5 .018 .064 .001 .16 5.3 536. 21.6 62. 2.7 .008 .03 .000 5.2 5.4 28.9 1844 43 6 Chlorine 3 4 31 4 f Free ammonia.. 18.4 4 64 Nitrogen as. -j Nitr ' ites • .000 5.'i"" 34.9 24.4 57.2 117.2 10.9 11.7 16.3 .12 6 35.3 23.6 227.9 422.9 1.2 .8 13.1 .7 19.0 1532.0 41.6 74.5 .9 .4 2.8 3.6 62.0 49.9 23.9 Calcium Ca 159.1 .2 Aluminium Al 1.2 11.1 Nitrate N0 3 .6 Chloride CI 5.2 2.7 3.4 Sulphate S0 4 4.8 Hyvoihetical II H3 £:cc jq-C J— >1 Ii O 'xsP §1 O (jqtJ as a> t-"-t Potassium N itrate 1.1 9.4 .06 .55 5.8 5.8 .34 .34 .9 7.2 4.3 .05 10.3 .60 42 2& Potassium Carbonate ... Sodium N itrate Sodium Chloride 24.1 579.8 1.46 33.81 69.8 4.8 4.07 .28 .5 4.1 80.0 65.1 .03 .24 4.67 3.80 3.7 78.0 62.8 .2£ 4 55 3 67 1132.8 66.07 58.4 102.1 3.40 5.95 119.2 6.95 83.2 4 85 Calcium Sulphate 330.0 814.1 19.24 47.48 188.2 10.98 293.0 17.14 404.7 23.60 Oxide of Iron and Aluminium. 2.6 1.6 28.0 .15 .09 1.63 1.9 .8 5.9 .11 .05 .34 22.6 22.0 34.7 1.32 1.29 2.02 .6 2.2 23.2 1273.3 .03 .13 Silica 1.35 73.75 25.86 Total 2923.5 170.54 443.5 651.3 38.06 1944.1 112.87 A. D. E. A. D. E. A. W- P. A. D- F. BARTOW ET. AL.] Waters — Continued. MINERAL ANALYSES. 155 Paris Paris Edgar 12817 Jan. 5,1905. O.T. Merkl 121 feet.... Rock Parkersburg . Richland — 4501 Paw Paw; . . Lee 4687 Feb. 9,1899 C. F. Prstn. 1018 feet... Limestone Paxton Ford 5374 Aug. 14,1899 I. C. R.R. 120 feet Edgar 10286 Edgar 12342 Feb. 26,1902. J. Hines 253 feet Rock Aug. 1,1904.. J. Hines 121 feet Rock Dec. 20.1898.. S M.Thpsn. 40 feet Clear Decided Yellow .000 Decided ... Yellow.... .000 Slight .02 .000 Slight... .05 .03 .000 .000 Milligrams per 1,000 c. c. Milligrams per 1,000 c. c. Milligrams per 1,000 c.c. Milligrams per 1,000 c. c Milligrams perl.OOOc.c. Milligrams perl.OOOc.c. 588. 332.0 438.8 979.6 98.8 40. 1.6 .01 .072 .000 1. 6.6 240. 20. 1. 2. .52 .03 .000 .15 2.7 .7 21.5 39.4 1.5 .5 5.7 .7 1.0 .8 22. 33.0 1.1 4.5 7.800 .214 .001 .080 1.9 9.8 3.65 4.80 .176 .000 .12 1.7 6.2 49.8 43.7 3.4 2.2 7.8 .6 9.8 7.3 6.6 1.44 .138 .000 .12 5.7 .2 142.4 1.9 27.9 51.2 14.3 54.2 3.1 2.1 3.1 .3 1.1 12.6 33.2 89.9 3.0 .8 24.3 4.4 40.0 494.0 34.4 73.5 6.9 .6 33.0 .1 10.4 .9 2.7 4.6 -Combinations. ^0 Q oqtJ 11 O »g &3 ft II O cog 15 dec II Q ■j»g 5QTJ ja fD 3£ Is C p n O Cd?t3 ED ft .9 .05 .60 .6 2.3 .9 .04 .13 .05 .9 2.7 .05 .16 7.1 7.4 .41 .43 1.1 2.1 1.5 1.0 .06 .12 .09 .06 KN0 3 10.3 K CI K„ S0 4 Kl C0 3 1.2 4.4 6.7 112.5 .07 .26 .39 6.56 Na N0 3 46.4 2.70 .01 16.57 .30 14.4 10.8 68.2 16.5 .84 .63 3.98 .96 60.1 357.7 3.50 20.86 Na CI . 2 22.8 37.6 1.33 2.19 Na, S0 4 284.2 67.0 1.8 3.91 .10 Na 2 C0 3 5.1 "i64!7 '9i60 (NH 4 ) 3 CG 3 .... MgS0 4 MgC0 3 Ca S0 4 97.0 5.65 49.6 2.89 173.5 10.12 74.8 4.36 119.7 "6i98 170.7 99.1 9.9o 127.9 .8 7.46 .05 135.4 7.9 109.1 6.36 5.77 98.4 5.73 183.6 4.4 10.71 .26 CaC0 3 Fe 4 3 +AL0 3 . Fe CU 3 . 6.4 3.9 6.5 .37 .23 .38 8.2 4.1 16.5 .48 .24 .96 6.4 1.6 51.8 .37 .09 3.02 .5 .9 12.2 .03 .05 .71 AL O s 14.6 .85 22.4 1.30 SiQ 2 587.4 34.24 266.0 15.51 424.9 24.78 926.6 54.00 261.3 15.22 454.9 26.53 A; D . E. J. M L. J. N [. L. R. W. S. R. T V. S. R. \ V. S. 156 MINERAL CONTENT OF WATERS. [BULL. NO. 10 Analyses of Illinois Town Paxton Kord Paxton Kord , Pekin Tazewell 5376 Laboratory number 6728 12128 3072 Date Jan. 22,1900.... J. Swanson.... 166 feet Sand Jan. 8,1905.... R. McCracken 90 feet Aug. 14,1899... Hig Kour Dec. 15,1897 Owner E.N.Armstro'g Depth Strata Sand Remarks Turbidity Distinct .30 .000 Slight locomotive .. Color .2 H 2 S Odor Milligrams per 1,000 c. c. Milligrams per 1,000 c. c. Milligrams per 1,000 c. c. Milligrams per 1,000 c. c. 738.4 30. 1.8 1.9 1.2 .03 .017 .4 51.2 1.5 57.7 123.8 3.3 .7 8.7 545.2 Loss on ignition 1. 9.4 6.00 .052 .0>0 .160 39.5 7.7 58.2 94.8 .8 2.1 7,5 270. Oxygen consumed Tv-,., „ Alb. ammonia .. .73 Nitrogen as H M tr j tt . s 17.5 ^ N itrates 3.8 4.8 31.4 Sodium Na 21.5 612.2 .9 Magnesium Mg 33.4 81.1 16.4 54.3 Silica Si 50.8 3.5 57.5 Nitrate N0 3 1.7 1.8 257.4 .7 1.0 82.3 16.8 20.1 76.5 21.3 Chloride CI 270.0 Sulphate S0 4 997.0 Much Hypothetical on n Q SB fD O Parts per million ... C PS (0 o> §.5 Is 106.2 34.6 1.4 6.19 2.8 3.8 1.5 .16 .22 .09 1.1 2.1 3.3 .06 .12 .19 2.02 .06 23.0 17.5 7.1 1.34 1.02 .41 443.9 1349.6 25.89 Sodium Sulphate 158.6 9.22 119.1 2.0 6.95 .11 78.73 5.5 .32 3.4 .20 1.6 .08 182.2 73.3 10.63 4.28 89.7 53.5 5.23 3.12 82.1 4.78 202.6 11.82 28.9 114.5 3.0 1.68 309.3 18.04 237.0 13.83 202.5 18.4 11 80 1.07 6.66 .02 6.9 1.4 18.6 .40 .08 1.08 1.6 4.1 15.9 .09 .24 .92 Silica 108.0 5.88 7.5 .74 519.7 29.87 2175.1 Total 763.3 44.52 590.4 34.41 126.97 Analyst R. W. S. J. M. L. R. W. S. R. W.S. BARTOW ET AL.] Waters — Continued. WATER ANALYSES. 157 Peoria Peoria 10636 . Peoria Peoria 3K23 Peoria Peoria 3650 Jan. 3,1898. J. Harman. Spring.... Peoria Peoria 7557 Peoria Peuria 7558 June 6,1900 H.Willi'ms Spring Peoria Peoria 2499 Jan.'28ii897 J Harman. 95 feet Gravel Sept. 22,1902. HerschelCo. Creek May 26, 1898.. J. A. Harman Spring June 6,1900.. H.Williams, spring No. 2. Very slight.. .000 .000 Slight .04 .000 Slight .03 .000 Slight .06 .000 • Distinct .... Muddy .... .000 .000 .01 .000 Milligrams per 1,000 c. c. Milligrams per 1,000 c. c. Milligrams per l,000c.c. Milligrams per 1,000 c. c Milligrams Milligrams per l ; 000c.c. per l.OOOc.c. 868. 69 6 4.8 14.8 .056 .416 .01 .63 494.4 56. 5. 1.4 .004 .016 .000 .25 1.8 8.8 428.4 46. 2.2 1.6 .002 .018 .000 .12 1.1 8.7 380.8 28.8 i! .008 .04 .002 1.6 2.2 9.0 443.2 56.4 7. 3.4 .02 .176 .025 .24 4.3 33.0 1306. 80. 18. 2. .001 .05 .002 .9 14.5 .1 76.1 25.6 90.0 53.0 107.9 .4 .26 10.1 32.2 109.1 34.5 84.8 .3 .7 10.1 38.3 84.6 2.3 .6 11.1 73.9 163.5 1.9 11.9 5.6 2.7 4.8 39.9 1.1 5.0 31.9 .5 2.2 19.3 7.1 7.0 24.9 1.0 7.0 7.5 3.9 18.0 583.1 Combinations. 33 II d$ orqtJ 'd? p n ►d II Q wg p o> 3 3 3ice 3$ 4 P fD ►d §.» 3i M II ?3 CO 3 8 II r-'P »g p o> K N O, 1.8 2.1 .10 .12 .9 1.6 .05 .09 5.6 .33 1.7 7.0 .10 .41 K N 3 . K CI . K,S0 4 ... 3.8 r 22 .46 1.86 5.0 11.5 9.6 .29 .67 .56 5.3 29.7 194.4 .31 1.73 11.34 Na NU 3 7.9 31.8 6.6 19.0 .38 1.10 2.4 24.1 .14 1.40 6.1 11.2 62.2 .35 .65 3.63 Na CI. ...'.'. .'.'.'.'. Na 2 S0 4 Na, CO, .4 .02 (NH 4 ),S() 4 .... (nh 4 );co 3 .... MgS(J 4 23.1 1.35 4.25 23.9 167.7 1.39 9.77 3.7 109.4 .22 6.38 23.1 103.7 1.34 6.04 367.2 21.42 72.9 133.1 7.76 Mg C0 3 ........ 223.9 243.9 1.8 13.06 14.23 .10 Ca SCX 224.9 4.0 13.12 .23 269.5 15.70 272.7 2.8 15.90 .16 211.9 12.36 211.4 12.33 aCU 3 Fe,0 3 + AL0 3 Fe CU 3 .. .7 .5 21.6 .04 .03 1.25 .6 1.3 21.6 .03 .07 1.25 4.8 1.1 23.5 .28 .06 1.37 Al z O a 4.0 .23 26.09 25.3 1.46 11.9 .69 Si 2 447.2 820.0 47.83 513.4 29.88 442.9 25.80 393.9 22.94 462.1 26.94 1078.1 62.88 \ P.] 3. R. W . S. R. V l.S. R. W \ S. R.\ V.S. R.\ V. s. 158 MINERAL CONTENT OF WATERS. [BULL. NO. 10 Analyses of Illinois Town Peoria Peoria Peoria .... County Peoria Peoria Peoria . . . Laboratory number 10509 10634 10635 Sept. 22, 1902 . . Herschel Co .. 60feet 11855 Date July 17,1902.... I). Maury Tap Sept. 22, 1902 .. Herschel Co .. 16 feet March 8,1904 .. J. I. Black . Owner Depth 65 feet Strata Drift Drift Drift . Drift Remarks City supply . .. Turbidity Clear Decided Yellow .000 Clear Clear Color .000 .000 .000 .000 000 Odor 000 Milligrams per 1,000 c. c. Milligrams per 1,000 c. c. Milligrams per 1,000 c. c. Milligrams per 1,000 c. c. Total residue 300.8 42.4 8.4 3.6 .01 .068 .000 .56 4 22.9 582. 76.8 6.6 2.7 .24 .016 .001 .04 654.8 81.6 9. ' 2. .036 .012 .004 .566 620 Loss on ignition Chlorine 15 7 2 5 fFree ammonia.. Nitrogen as.| Al.b^ammonia.. .006 .036 000 \ Nitrates 1 2 Potassium K Sodium Na 11.3 .3 32.6 124.8 13.0 .1 51.7 130.8 17.7 Ammonium (NHJ Magnesium Mg 24.9 64 1.5 5.0 54.1 131.2 Silica Si 8.1 .8 6 2 Nitrite NO* Nitrate NO s .2 8.4 40.7 .2 6.6 67.9 2.4 9.0 116.0 5.3 Chloride CI 15.9 Sulphate S0 4 150.9 Hvvoihetical *t3 §1 O 3-1 B i-i O dp orpu 3£ B " Potassium N itrate 4.1 4.6 .24 .27 Potassium Chloride .3 10.9 27.9 .02 .63 1.63 3.3 14.9 19 2 .19 .87 1.12 7.2 25.9 17.2 .42 10.2 58.2 .59 3.39 1.50 Sodium Sulphate 1.00 1.1 .06 .4 .02 1.8 85.3 .10 4.98 60.3 71.2 3.52 4.15 128.6 89.7 7.50 5.23 174.2 66.2 10.16 3.86 160.0 9.33 311.8 54.6 18.19 3.19 326.8 3.3 19.07 .19 327.7 2.6 19.10 Oxide of Iron and Aluminium. .15 3.2 1.4 10.6 .19 .08 .61 Silica 17 2 1.00 1.8 .11 13.2 .77 Total 339.4 19.78 555.3 32.39 588.0 34.30 634.2 36.96 Analyst P. B. P. B. P. B. D. K. BARTOW ET AL.] WATEE ANALYSES. 159 Waters — Continued. Peoria Peoria 12577 Oct. 22.1904.. Steel &T. Co 22feet Drift Peoria Tazewell 10230 Feb. 20, 1902 P.Mineral Co 500 feet Rock Distinct. Cloudy .000 Peoria Tazewell .. 10280 Feb. 20, 1902 P.Min. Co. 1000 feet.... Rock Distinct Milky .000 Peoria Peoria 10464 June 18,1902 A. Harv. Co 365 feet Rock Flowing Slight .4 Musty Peoria Peoria 12164 June 17,1904 G.A.Zeller 1864 feet.... St. Peter... Slight .000 Peculiar . . Peoria Peoria 12415 Sept. 8,1904 W.A.Gray 980 feet Sandstone . Milligrams per 1,000 c. c Milligrams per 1,000 c. c, Milligrams perl.OOOc.c. Milligrams per 1,000 c. c Milligrams perl.OOOc.c. Milligrams perl.OOOc.c. 584.4 2.U 21 A 46.2 108.5 1.1 6.2 9.5 6.2 161.0 6714.4 61.2 3637.5 17.1 2. .064 .000 .18 31.9 2492.1 3150.4 16.8 1395. 9.5 1-6 .008 .000 .17 30.5 1078.2 8183.6 24. 4637.5 16.4 2.48 .024 .000 1592.0 23.7 50.6 2.6 2.9 11.5 29.3 57.0 1.2 5.4 3022. 35. < 56. J 298.5 3.2 .012 .024 .65 .19 14.6 440.1 27.1 3.7 3637. 17.3 .7 1395.0 295.1 .3 4637 5 1.2 4 9 2.0 298.5 644.6 3216.8 1562.5 8.7 1.600 .006 .000 .16 25.2 1086.1 1 9 20.8 42.6 7.9 .7 1562.5 238.5 Combinations. Q dp 65 G HP'S 3* II G dp not) fa 3 « §1 G apt? -co II O B: CD ►d 3 £ II G Clp JU ft 3.8 1.3 23.6 .22 .07 1.37 KN0 2 1.3 59.9 .08 3.49 1.1 57.5 .06 3.33 1.1 46.9 .06 2.73 KN0 3 K CI 13 1 .76 .59 2.50 .5 7651.9 1.8 27.4 .03 446.38 .11 1.6 Na NO, .... 10.2 42.8 5954.0 25.6 327.8 347.33 1.50 19.12 2256.7 436.7 112.9 131.61 25.47 6.58 471.8 785.0 27.53 45.79 2541.3 266.5 148.25 15.55 NaCl Na„S0 4 Na^ C0 3 7.3 .42 (NH 4 )» SO t 8.5 .5 (NH f ), C0 3 165.2 9.64 2.62 134.4 7.84 66.4 25.8 3.87 1.51 Mg S0 4 44.9 82.7 4.82 102.1 5.95 124.7 7.27 MgCO s 9.2 165.4 4.2 .54 9.64 .25 Ca S0 4 271.1 15.81 126.4 7.37 142.5 8.31 140.7 3.0 8.21 .18 106 4 3.6 6.20 .21 CaCO s Fe z O3+AL 3 . .6 .04 .12 .76 5.5 5.4 24.4 6613.0 .32 .32 1.42 1.3 2 2 11 4 .08 .13 .66 Fe C0 3 ...... 2.0 AL 3 13.1 7.8 .46 10.4 .60 16.8 .98 179.78 Si 5 . 563.0 32.84 385.77 3124.4 182.18 7966.3 464.74 1609.1 93.85 3082.1 J. M.L. A. D. E. A. D. E. A. D E. J. M.L. J.M. L. 160 M1NEEAL CONTENT OF WATERS. [BULL. NO. 10> Analyses of Illinois Town Peotone W 11 Petersburg Menard 9i22 Piper City County LaSalle 491 Laboratory number 8871 •>45t Date Dec. 6,1900.... W. Elliott 100 feet Limestone City supply . .. Feb. 13,lS9o... W. Holly 700 feet Kock Flowing May 28,1901 ... L. E. Hartrick. •iOll feet R ock . July 15,1897 ... E.N. Armst'g. 15 feet Depth Strata Remarks Turbidity Distinct Cloudy H„S Color .01 .000 4 Odor.... 000 Milligrams per 1,000 c. c. Milligrams per 1,000 c. c. Milligrams per l,U00c. c. Milligrams per 1,000 c. c. Total residue 589.2 21 6 1.7 1.6 .208 .036 .000 .16 8.3 30.7 .27 37.4 158.2 6964.8 204.8 3475. 27.4 3.36 .052 .000 .33 23.6 2403.8 4.3 28.5 52.6 .15 3.1 6.2 1.5 3475.0 316.6 760 4 60 8 Chlorine , 32 3 3 fFree ammonia.. Nitrogen. as.^lb.ammonia.. .88 .036 .003 .2 Potassium- K 27.7 1654.0 26.8 Ammonium ( N H 4 ) 1.13 M agnesium Mg 15.8 48.2 8.0 46.1 Calcium Ca 110.8 Aluminium Al. 2.2 2.0 .7 1.7 196.3 Nitrate NO 3 3.6 8. .9 Chloride CI 2264.1 320.4 32.0 Sulphate SQ 4 210.0 Hyvoihetical *d dee II 3£ £jce II CJqtJ si n G (jq'O *T3 0-5 II g Potassium Nitrate 1.1 3.6 13.5 .06 .21 .78 2.4 43.5 .14 2.52 Potassium Chloride 52.6 3.07 Potassium Sulphate Sodium Nitrate 1.2 52.7 20.1 .07 Sodium Chloride 3690. 474. 112.5 215.20 27.74 6.56 5692.7 468.2 28.2 330.18 27.16 1.64 2.95 Sodium Sulphate 94.8 5.50 1.16 1.0 .06 4.1 .24 11.4 .66 Magnesium Sulphate 141.4 31.5 9.20 1.82 167.1 43.8 30.8 250.0 4.7 9.74 55. 3.19 99.1 5.75 2.55 Calcium Sulphate 1.79 Calcium Carbonate 395.3 22.93 120.4 7.02 131.4 7.62 14.57 Oxide of Iron and Aluminum . .27 16.6 .98 3.2 6.0 .18 .35 .80 .24 Silica 4.2 7.7 .44 13.2 .77 17.1 .99 Total 700.3 41.60 4528.8 264.20 6499.3 376.97 591.6 34.33 Analyst A. R. J. A. W. P. A. L. M. R. W. S. BARTOW ET. AL.] Waters — Continued. WATER ANALYSES. 161 Piper City. . Pisgah Plainfield . Piano Poag Polo Ford Morgan* 9804 ..... Will 5444 July 18, 189$ Kendall 9219 Madison. .. 3280 Feb. 18,1898 Ogle 10189 Jan. 16,1902 2637 Aug. 8,1897. E.N. Armst'g Nov. 18,1901 Julv 26,1901 . W. Conley.. C. Eraser. W.Griswold E.C.Boesh A. Wat'rby 15 feet Spring 101 feet .... Spring 55 feet 90 feet Sand Rock Sand Limestone Distinct Very slight.. Distinct . . Very slight.. Very slight Decided . .. .15 .01 .02 .0 .02 Yellow .... .000 .000 .000 .000 .000 .000. Milligrams Milligrams Milligrams Milligrams Milligrams Milligrams per 1,000 c. c per 1,000 c. c. perl.OOOc.c per 1,000 c. c. 1 perl,000c.c. perl.OOOc.c. 476.0 338.4 803.6 314.8 153.2 530.4 24.0 30.4 121.2 18.4 14. 56.8 13.0 4. 114. 1.6 2.8 5.2 2.7 1.7 2. 1.5 .8 5.4 .214 .014 .008 .014 .001 1.7 .022 .024 .038 .032 .012 .16 .280 .001 .003 .002 .002 .003 .05 .24 15.2 1.4 3.6 .077 3.4 2.2 9.0 1.8 1.6 45.8 36.2 61.4 23.6 tf.6 50.0 92.4 77.2 106.2 81.3 29.7 126.5 1.7 3.5 • 8 6.7 1.1 1.3 6. .3 .6 8.3 .8 .14 14.1 .4 6.5 10.1 .21 1. 67.3 6.2 15.9 .3 13.0 4.0 114.0 1.6 2.8 5.3 95.4 9.4 118.5 21.5 12.1 16.8 Combinations. Is C w n> Is tJQ'O 3£ Is : a jog C BqtJ &5 0> Is O 11 O pa CB .4 .02 .36 1.7 3.0 .10 .02 23.2 1.35 4.7 .27 4.3 .25 KN0 3 6.2 K CI K,S0 4 . 72.7 149.8 4.24 8.74 4.6 2.6 8.2 .26 .15 . .48 18.3 2.5 1.06 .14 .5 8.7 24.9 11.9 .03 .51 1.45 .69 NaNO a . 16.5 .96 3.10 4.3 13.8 9.2 .25 .81 .54 NaCl 53.2 Na, S0 4 Na, C0 3 (NH 4 ) 4 S0 4 .... (NHJ 2 CO s ... 36.9 148.2 82.7 1.80 8.65 4.82 3.5 25.7 1.8 .20 1.50 .10 ....1 - MgCL 73.3 4.28 6.15 20.0 68.0 1.16 3.94 MgS0 4 .. . 105.5 125.8 7.34 :i73.9 10.15 MgCOj Ca S0 4 . 230.7 13.46 193.4 11.28 2C5.2 15.47 202.7 11.76 74.3 4.33 316.1 13.4 18.44 .80 Ca C0 3 . Fe,0 3 + Al 2 3 . Fe C0 3 .... 3.5 .20 .05 7.3 1.4 .43 .08 2.2 2.4 .13 .14 .6 1.1 .03 .06 .2 .3 .01 .02 .8 AL 3 A1 2 (S '-d Is O wg crq'a p ►d 1.5 |i a <-t C i»g opt} p n> 18 O Cp "52 ctqtj p a> a^w 11 O Geo jfig 3£ is jng UQ-O p ro 1.5 1.2 .09 .07 .5 14.3 1.6 .03 .83 .09 33.7 1.97 26.7 1.55 .9 5.4 .05 .31 4.3 .25 KN0 3 KCL. . K 2 S0 4 . 171.7 1107. 10.20 64.60 177.9 1490.8 10.32 86.46 61.7 3.60 NaNO, 7.2 .42 1.04 6.4 11.9 26.5 .37 .69 1.55 NaCl 17.9 3.4 46.3 2.6tf Na 2 S0 4 Na 2 CO s . 1.3 .07 NH 4 NO, .2 . 01 NH 4 C1. .. .. (NH 4 ) 3 S0 4 (NH 4 ),C0 3 . . 21.9 1.28 5.3 31 Mg(N0 3 ) 2 MgCL MgS0 4 494.3 252.3 28.85 14.72 569. 33. 48 8 2.85 3.7 ii 2.41 13.9 19.9 .81 1.15 41.4 127.5 7.44 98.5 5.75 MgCO s . 25.3 657.1 4.8 1.47 38.36 .28 365.5 268.8 21.20 15.59 CaS0 4 205.5 11.98 273.3 15.95 187.4 10.93 176.2 10.27 CaC0 3 Keo() 3 +Al,0 3 .. 9. .52 FeSO a .3 .02 .05 85.8 11.6 5.00 .67 .2 1.2 .01 .07 1.0 3.2 .05 .18 FeC0 3 1. Al 2 ' > 3 . 69.5 7.6 4.03 .44 AL(S0 4 ) 3 20.6 1.20 32.5 1.89 23.6 1.37 11.4 8.4 .66 .49 13.5 .79 Si O, 6.3 .37 Mg(N0 2 ) 2 300.3 17.49 618.7 36.07 2769.8 161.82 2985.0 173.12 358.2 20.88 355.4 20.70 R. W. S. R. W. S. A. W. P. A. R. J. A. D. E. R. W. S. 164 MINERAL CONTENT OF WATERS. [BULL. NO. 10 Analyses of Illinois Town Quincy Adams 10502 Rantoul Champaign 3430 Redbud Randolph 10341 County Laboratory No Washington. .. 10582 Date July 12,1902 ... D. N. Wisherd 1202 feet. Rock Flowing Distinct .2 .000 Apr. 5,1898 .... E. V. Moore... llOfeet Mar. 29.1902.... C. Becker 280 feet Sept. 9,1902 ... W. Thompson 17 feet Depth Strata Sand City supply . .. Turbidity Distinct .25 .000 Slight Slight .000 Color .2 .000 Odor .000 Milligrams per 1,000 c. c. Milligrams per 1,000 c. c. Milligrams per 1,000 c. c. Milligrams per 1,000 c. c. Total residue 8774.4 360. 4200. 18.7 2.88 .0B6 .000 .14 73.1 2582.4 3.7 145.3 518.7 1.2 .8 8.3 .6 4200.0 1007.5 334.8 41.2 .7 2.5 .52 .054 .000 .35 3.4 16.8 .63 32.6 67.9 5.9 1.2 6.7 1.5 .7 2.7 339.2 8.8 5.55 1.8 .304 .01 .006 .234 4.3 28.7 .4 22.2 71.3 .9 .5 3.9 1.0 5.55 30.0 2014.8 250.4 Chlorine 9.2 2.8 fFree ammonia.. Nitrogen as^l^ammonia.. .026 .082 .000 2.8 Potassium K 5.1 131.8 Ammonium (NH 4 ) 111.2 Calcium Ca 280.8 .9 1.4 7.5 Nitrate N0 3 12.4 Chloride CI 9.2 Sulphate S0 4 721.6 Hypothetical 3S Is OQtJ §1 p?g £L 18 dec Q wg Potassium Nitrate , .9 138.9 .05 8.10 2.5 1.5 3.7 .15 .08 .21 1.7 7.6 .10 .44 13.3 .78 Sodium N itrate 5.8 15.2 383.8 .34 6564.5 382.84 3.2 44.4 29.1 .19 2.59 1.69 .89 Sodium Sulphate 1.0 38.0 .06 2.21 22.39 11.0 .63 1.8 .10 1.1 .06 198.9 471.3 11.59 27.50 552.6 32.23 112.4 6.55 77.3 4.51 930.6 619.2 2.6 1.6 17.8 21. 54.29 36.12 .15 .09 1.04 1.22 28.7 680.5 1.9 2.6 16.0 1.67 167.9 12.3 2.3 14.2 9.78 .71 .12 .83 178.1 1.9 .9 8.3 10.38 .11 .05 .48 39.70 Ferrous Carbonate .11 .15 Silica .90 Total 8978.3 523.62 357.6 20.80 353.6 20.60 1700.4 99.16 P. R. R. W.S. A. D. E. A. D.E. BARTOW, ET AL.] Waters — Continued. WATER ANALYSES. 165 Ripley Riverside Riverside.. Roanoke Roanoke .. Robinson.. Brown Cook Cook Woodford . .. Woodford . Crawford . . 10226 10691 . 10689 Oct. 18,1902 4149 4148 Sept.30, 1898 9880 Nov.26,1901 Jan. 29,1902.. Oct. 18,1902.. Sept. 30, 1898 . S. Burgesser. Dr. F.Rich.. Dr F. Rich Roan'k'M.C. Ro'n'kM.C R.Simily.. Spring 2000 feet 2000 feet.... 79feet 120 feet 150feet Limestone .. City supply. Limestone. Well No. 2, Sand Rock Sandstone. city sup'y V. Slight .. Flowing Decided Distinct V. Slight.... Decided ... Decided ... .04 .000 .1 Yellow Yellow .... Muddy .000 .000 .000 .000 .000 .000 Milligrams Milligrams Milligrams Milligrams Milligrams Milligrams per 1,000 c. c. per 1,000 c. c. per 1,000c. c. per 1,000 c. c. per l,000c.c. per l,000c.c. 625.6 817.6 647.2 507.6 513.2 315.6 14.4 33.6 77.2 46.8 48. 22. 4. 222. 29.75 4. 4.1 10. 5.2 2.5 2.6 8.7 9.5 3.1 .018 .248 .128 6. 4.8 .032 .036 .04 .66 .174 .214 .026 .001 .15 .1 .000 .000 .05 .32 .17 .06 .1 .1 3.15 3.8 20.6 4.8 4.4 4.6 2.5 14.5 200.6 28.1 45.8 46.4 43.2 .3 20.2 .2 62.1 7.7 38.7 6.1 39.4 43.8 17.3 145.4 62.7 117.9 92.6 93.1 46.2 2. .5 1.5 3.4 3.2 1.9 2.2 2.0 3.3 1.2 1.0 7.4 8.9 3.6 6.1 12.4 11.5 15.1 1.4 .5 .3 .5 .5 13.9 4.0 222.0 29.8 4.0 4.1 10.0 115.2 88.0 206.8 .8 1.3 19.2 Combinations. -0 C go 3 -« Q 3 2 cS' o' w • n a -t O. two 3 % Ceo P»g 3P-0 £L Ccfl »g Is *d 3£ Ceo Is O j»g" £-2 Ceo C Co wg 3Q-0 .9 1.3 37.6 .05 .08 2.20 .7 .4 8.2 .04 .02 .48 KN0 2 2.2 5 7 .13 .33 .7 7.9 .04 .46 .7 8.4 .04 .49 6.4 .37 KNO a K CI Ko S0 4 13.7 16.5 28.4 54.9 .80 .96 1.65 3.20 Na N0 3 2.1 .12 2.37 336.8 130.3 59.7 19.65 7.60 3.48 42.7 35. 2.49 2.04 .3 1.2 104.3 .02 .07 6.08 NaCl 42.4 1.9 105.5 .11 6.12 Na 2 S0 4 Na, CO, NH CI .7 .04 (NH 4 ),SO< .... .8 .05 20.5 1.19 16.2 .94 (NHi) 2 C0 3 .... MgCl 2 108.3 6.31 7.22 228.5 55.9 13.33 3.26 MgSOi 123.7 70.1 4.09 134.8 7.86 137.1 8.00 60.1 3.51 MgCO a CaS0 4 363.3 21.19 .25 .25 1.11 156.8 1. 3.8 7.6 9.15 .05 .22 .44 294.6 3.2 6.2 13. 17.16 .19 .36 .76 231.4 7.0 2.3 26.4 13.49 .40 .13 1.53 232.7 6.6 1.9 24.7 13.57 .38 .11 1.44 115.4 3.9 14.0 32.8 6.74 .23 .82 1.92 CaCO s 4.2 4.2 19.0 FeCO, A1 2 3 Si0 2 Susp. Mat 675.1 39.38 806.7 47.06 689.1 40.20 536.8 31.27 535.7 31.20 346.1 20.20 A. D . E. P.] 3. P. B. R. W.S. R.\ V. S. A.I ). E. 166 MINERAL CONTENT OF WATERS. [BULL. NO. 10 Anali'ws of Illinois Town Rochelle Ogle 3914 Aug. 6,1898.... F. G. Crowell. Rochelle Ogle Rochelle Ogle Rockford Winnebago . .. 9142 County Laboratory number 3915 11743 . . Date Aug. 6, 1898 .... Dr. Crowell ... Jan. 12,1904.... W. McHenry.. 1896 feet June 21,1901... I. C.R. R Creek Owner Depth Strata Remarks Southworth's.. Slight Turbidity Decided .2 .000 Clear Color .02 .000 .000 .000 Odor Milligrams per 1,000 c. c. Milligrams per 1,000 c. c. Milligrams per 1,000 c. c. Milligrams per 1,000 c. c. 338.4 10.8 1.2 2.7 .68 .022 .2 11.1 .8 25.2 78.5 291.8 48.8 2. 2. .003 .026 .3 .7 5.2 325.6 334. 44 Loss on ignition Chlorine 2.2 1.4 .096 .018 .000 1.20 1.7 7.8 .096 24.7 81.1 3.2 1.7 5.2 1.4 2.2 15.2 7. Oxygen consumed Nirrne-en as J A \ b : ammonia . 2.08 Potassium K Sodium Na : 14.2 Ammonium (NH 4 ) Magnesium Mg 31.0 55.7 .5 .6 6.7 1.3 2.0 11.4 34 62 1 Ferrous Fe Silica Si 10.1 .9 1.2 2.8 5 6 Nitrate NO a 9 2 Chloride CI 7 Sulphate SO4 27 3 Hypothetical II O c!p crq-O p *d Grains per U.S. gal. *d IS O BptJ p n> "0 3£ Is 0Qt5 p. ft) Potassium Nitrate 1.5 2.5 4.2 .08 .14 .24 2.0 .11 2.3 1.7 .13 Potassium Chloride .10 Potassium Sulphate Potassium Carbonate Sodium Nitrate 12.6 11.5 19.2 73 Sodium Chloride 3.3 12.1 .19 .70 2.3 21.3 .13 1.24 .67 .7 25.1 2.1 .04 1.40 .12 1 11 Ammonium Carbonate Magnesium Sulphate 4.0 105.2 138.3 .23 6.13 8,04 1.1 85.2 203.7 .06 4.97 11.88 18.0 105.8 155.0 5.6 1.04 Magnesium Carbonate 87.6 196.2 2.8 5.10 11.44 .16 6.14 Calcium Carbonate 8.99 .32 1.1 1.1 14.3 .06 .06 .82 4.1 3.2 12.7 .24 .19 .74 19.69 Silica 22 1 1.28 12.0 339.7 .70 Total 344.8 20.00 281.4 16.34 337.6 19.70 Analyst R. V v.s. R.\ V.S. D. K. A.L ,. M. BARTOW ET. AL.] Waters — Continued. WATEE ANALYSES. 167 Rockford .... Winnebago . 9286 Rockford Winnebago . 13347 Rockford .. Winn'bago 11146 June 12,1903 J.Safford.. 119feet Clay Rockford Winnebago . 13670 Rockford .. Winn'bago 12328 Aug. 17, 1904 R. Lofgren 350 feet Rockford . Winn'bago 8971 Jan. 22,1901 1. C.R R.. 400 to 2100 ft Aug. 4,1901.. I.C.R.R ... River May 26, 1905.. W. Renshaw Kent creek.. Oct. 18,1905.. J. C. Allen.. 200 feet Sandstone . .. City sup'ly Slight .01 .000 Very slight.. .000 Musty Slight .000 .000 Slight .000 .000 Clear .000 .000 Milligrams per 1,000 c. c. Milligrams per 1,000 c. c. Milligrams per 1,000c. c. Milligrams per 1,000 c. c. Milligrams perl.OOOc.c. Milligrams perl.OOOc.c. 356. 26.8 1.4 1.3 ,000 .006 .000 1.6 5'.6 320. 312.0 299.2 25.2 3. 2.3 .008 .036 .014 .106 9 .75 1.0 .024 .032 .000 .12 1.6 4.0 1.0 .008 .022 .000 .20 24 16.0 9.4 7.9 32.7 46.9 36.0 65.6 42.7 83.2 .6 .6 6.1 7.1 1.4 6.6 32.5 87.1 .5 5.2 10.1 .6 .8 6.6 35.7 61.2 .4 1.8 4.7 .9 4.0 13.4 36 5 63 3 14 1 5.3 .5 3.0 10.5 1.0 9.0 13.9 8.5 28.8 Combinations. *d ™ O OQtJ S3 CO — S3 IS IS O C&3 (K)TJ ►d 13 -t Q P=g oqtJ W CD >—"-t "0 II II O CO* IQtJ S3 CO 33 Is C coS' 33 Is O S3 CO .2 01 .9 .05 .10 .70 .05 1.5 4.4 .09 .25 KN0 3 1.7 12. G .9 f K CI K 2 SO. K 2 CC) 3 1.4 .08 .86 1.19 .43 9.6 2,3 6.4 .56 .13 .37 .6 4.9 15.6 1.7 .03 .28 .90 .10 Na N0 3 14.8 14.0 11.9 .82 3.1 19.9 .9 .18 1.16 .05 Na CI . 20.6 Na, SO. 7.4 3.8 .22 Na* CO," . (NH 4 ) 2 C0 3 26.0 107.1 164.0 4.4 1.52 6.25 9.57 .26 2.9 146.4 207.9 .17 8.54 12.13 Mg S0 4 .. 113.8 117.1 6.60 6.79 .63 113.0 217.5 6.60 12.69 124.3 152.9 7.25 8.92 127.1 158 1.5 7.37 9.16 .09 MgCO s CaCO s 10.8 Fe 2 3 +Al 2 3 . Fe C0 3 ,8 1.1 12.9 .05 .06 .75 1.1 9.8 22.7 .06 .57 1.32 .8 3.4 10.1 .05 .20 .59 -'. E. BARTOW ET. AL.] WATEE ANALYSES. 169 Waters — Continued. Rock Island. Rock Island. 7535 . .* May 14,1900.. G.G.Craig .. 2292feet Potsdam Flowing Very slight.. .01 .000 Romeoville Will 9317 f. 167 feet. Rock Keig Rosemond Christian .. 4441 Nov. 23, 1908 C.S.Bailey Spring Village well. | City sup'ly Slight [Distinct . .. .2 | .05 .000 I ' .000 ( Roseville — Warren 12793 Dec. 20, 1904.. E.G.Willard 1260feet Rock None .000 .000 Roseville.. Warren 12094 May 30, 1904 J.C. Lewis 1260 feet.... Sandstone. City sup'ly Slight 1. .000 Rushville .. Schuyler .. 10421 May 26,1902 H.F.Dyson 1512feet.... Sandstone. Distinct Muddy . Gassy... Milligrams per 1,000 c. c. Milligrams per 1,000 c. c. Milligrams per l,000c.c, Milligrams per 1,000 c. c. Milligrams per l.OOOc.c, Milligrams per 1,000c. c. 1635.6 14.4 660. 3.7 1.32 .014 .075 .24 17.6 443.5 1.7 35.9 102.8 1.4 .5 3.6 1.0 660.0 420.4 985.6 44.4 44. 7.4 .464 .152 .000 .08 1.3 37.3 .6 81.5 172.5 44.0 343.9 302.8 38. 2. 1.3 .072 .044 .000 .25 2.8 16.0 2810. 1233.2 28.1 71.0 1.0 1.6 20.1 1.1 2.0 7.5 245. 2.0 1.360 .040 .130 .070 19.1 496.6 1.7 93. 225.5 2.3 13.8 5.8 218. Not det'ed 4284. 102. 1485. .016 .040 .04 .000 480.3 85.6 213.6 1192.2 2.4 76.5 175.6 4.5 245.0 1486.0 218.5 1338.0 1485.0 1026:3 Combinations. gg Q ►■d B.3. ^ CO II O ?3 gg O ?3 gg. £*cn IS Q ■ « ^0 gg. ?3 3.1 ■ S. 1 7 .10 1.87 .6 2.1 .03 .12 1.9 4.0 .11 .23 KNO, 32 3 35.0 2.04 K CI NaNO a 1062.3 61.96 4.66 54.3 42.1 3.17 2.46 376.7 1074.7 21.97 62.69 360.5 1043.1 21.03 60.84 2450.2 704.2 142.89 41.06 NaCl 80.1 11.2 28.5 .63 1.66 Na, S0 4 Na, CO. 6 2 .36 2.2 .13 6.2 .36 8.8 .51 (NH 2 ) 2 S0 4 .... (NH ) 2 CQ 3 MgCL 178 5 10.40 405.0 23.62 462.3 26.97 425.4 24.81 380.4 22.19 MgS0 4 MgC0 5 CaS0 4 97.8 5.70 310.4 is.io 1.66 100.5 357.2 5.86 20.83 545.7 160.8 31.83 9.38 415.1 228.4 6.4 24.22 13.32 .37 339.7 189. 3.4 19.81 11.02 .2 28.6 177.3 10.33 CaCO s ir e o 3 + ALO, 2.9 .17 .06 .44 1.6 1.2 8.6 .09 .07 .50 2.1 3.0 43.9 .12 .02 2.55 4.7 26.0 12.4 .27 1.52 .72 FeC0 3 ".... 1.0 Al. Q 3 7.6 9.6 .56 8.4 37.6 .49 2.29 Si Oo 1711.6 99.78 975.4 56.88 369.7 21.35 2704.5 157.75 2488.5 145.15 4121.7 240.45 R. W. S. A. D . E. R. \ V. S. J. M . L. J. IV I. L. A. D. E. 170 MINERAL CONTENT OF WATERS. [BULL NO. 10 Analyses of Illinois Town . .. Russell Russell Salem Marion 9043 Gallatin Laboratory number 10217 10996 3485 Date Owner Feb 12.1902.... G. Holland.... 30 feet Apr. 13,1903.... Murrie Bros. .. 165 feet Rock Mar. 19,1901 ... E. M. Coff man Spring Sand Apr. 21, 1898.... Dr. Egan Spring Sand .. Depth Strata Capacity 60 bbls. per day Remarks ; Turbidity Distinct .6 .000 Slight 2. .000 Decided' Yellow .000 Color 03 Odor .000 Milligrams per 1,000 c. c. Milligrams per 1,000 c. c. Milligrams per 1,000 c. c. Milligrams per 1,000 c. c. Total residue 816.4 94.8 38. 4.8 .608 .118 .005 .315 27.1 312. 10. 12. 4.3 .288 .062 .000 .08 2.7 .4 23.6 34.2 3.0 5.7 5.5 .3 12.0 64.9 268. 16. 1.8 7.9 .336 .56 .004 .116 1.0 .43 8.2 17.0 .9 1.3 6.8 .5 1.8 15.6 273 6 °6 4 Chlorine 1.8 3 5 fFree ammonia.. Nitrogen as.j^.ammonia.. .022 .102 .001 t. Nitrates 185 2 4 Sodium Na Magnesium Mg 64.3 116.1 1.9 25.7 Calcium Ca 56.9 Ferrous Fe 1.3 Aluminium Al .5 Silica Si 9.1 1.4 38.0 247.2 18. Nitrate NO s .8 Chloride CI 1.8 Sulphate S0 4 6.7 Hypothetical *d O aqt! CO (t *d IS O j»g to a IS O C]p 5*1 oqtJ S3 n 3* 52 Potassium Nitrate 2.2 50.1 .13 6 .04 .27 .8 1.2 .04 .07 1.3 3.3 .08 Potassium Chloride 2.93 4.6 .19 Potassium Sulphate Sodium N itrate ; 23.6 110.1 1.38 6.42 16.2 96.0 97.6 .94 5.60 5.70 2.3 20.6 .14 1.20 .4 9.9 6.8 .02 Sodium Sulpha te .58 Sodium Carbonate .39 1.1 .06 1.1 06. Magnesium Sulphate Magnesium Carbonate 215.9 122.0 12.59 7.12 82.1 4.79 28.5 1.65 89.5 5.22 Calcium Carbonate 289.4 16.88 85.4 4.98 42.5 2.46 141.1 8.31 Oxide of Iron and Aluminium. Ferrous Carbonate 3.9 .23 6.3 10.7 .37 .62 1.9 1.3 2.0 14.4 .ii .07 .11 .82 2.8 9.9 .16 .58 Silica 19.4 1.13 11.6 .68 38.4 2.24 150.8 8.74 Total 836.6 48.81 412.2 24.05 267.4 15.47 303.4 17.77 Analyst A. D. E. P. B. A. R. J. R. W. S. BARTOW ET. AL.] WATER ANALYSES. 171 Wat ers — C ontinue d . Shawneeto'n Shelby ville.. Sheldon ... Sidell S. Bart'nv'e S.Elgin... Gallatin Shelby Iroquois . .. Vermilion. .. Peoria Kane 12212 . 5144 4922 Apr. 24. 1899 4011 8954 Jan. 17,1901 7525 June 6,1900 June 30,1904 June 1,1899.. Aug. 28,1898. A. McBane.. S. Water Co. J.D.W'k'ns W.B. Cra'blelAcn F. Wills. .. 148 feet 25 feet 1,800 feet .. Spring Creek 115 feet .... Rock Gravel Rock Clay Rock City supply. Decided Flowing. .. Slight Decided Distinct... Decided V. decided. Muddy .000 Yellow .03 Red Muddy .... .000 01 .000 .000 .000 .000 Milligrams Milligrams Milligrams Milligrams Milligrams Milligrams per 1,000 c. c. per 1,000 c. c. per 1000 c.c. per 1,000 c. c. per 1000 c.c. per 1000 c.c. 541.2 574. 788. 7690.8 488.8 312. 50.4 26. 366. 20.4 8.8 2.6 14 2 320. 47. 3.4 6. 1.45 1.5 2.3 4.2 17.3 .7 .200 .24 .4 2.32 .24 .4 .020 .034 .034 .224 .624 .036 .000 .000 .000 .000 .034 .001 3.8 2.7 8.3 12.5 7.9 20.2 19.9 283.6 206.5 14.6 74.7 .3 .5 3.0 .3 .5 50.9 46.5 7.4 266.9 14.2 17.3 113.9 114.6 14.2 474.1 53.1 28.1 5.6 .7 996.6 .4 1.1 .5 110.3 .4 13.4 5.3 3.5 32.2 82.8 4.6 .6 .1 .5 .2 7.7 .6 - 2.6 14.2 320.0 47.0 3.4 6.0 8.6 164.4 17.5 5056.8 57.9 .6.1 Combinaiions. §5 O »§" opts p a> §2 a dp crc)t) EL5 13 II §2 G • cog" iq'O P CD 3£ II G j»g OqtJ p n G Cp crq'o p n> i— "i 3£ win Q Cp jog (K?t3 p n> »— "-t .9 .05 .32 .08 .2 4.9 .01 .28 .7 15.4 .04 .89 .4 23.6 .02 1.37 .9 12.6 2.2 .05 .73 .13 KNO, 5.5 KC1. . 1.5 K„SO, 10.5 5.6 29.5 .61 .32 1.71 NaN0 3 . 19.6 37.5 1.13 2.19 515.3 25.9 166.9 30.05 1.51 9.73 59.0 565.6 3.44 32.98 NaCl 11.5 38.0 .68 2.20 7.3 166.5 .42 9.71 Na,SC\ Na 2 C0 3 .. 1.1 .06 11.0 .64 1.1 .06 (NH 4 ) 2 S0 4 (NH 4 ) 2 C0 3 1.3 .07 1.3 .07 172.9 40.7 10.09 2.37 1326.6 77.38 24.0 32.8 1.39 1.90 MgS0 4 MgC0 3 CaS0 4 '177.2 10.33 25.8 1.50 60.3 3.52 1610.6 93.94 284.5 16.59 .26 286.4 16.70 35.5 2.07 132.7 64.7 7.70 3.75 70.2 4.09 CaC0 3 4.4 Fe 2 3 -fAi,0 3 .. FeSOj 2704.8 157.78 11.6 2.0 .67 .11 1.5 .9 .08 .05 . .8 .8 .05 .05 FeC0 3 AL0 3 .. 694.5 68.4 148. 40.51 3.99 8.21 AL(S TO IS 03 fD 9 05 2.8 1.5 5.4 .16 .09 .32 2.8 6.7 19.8 .16 .39 1.16 KNO, 13. .76 36.2 2.11 KC1 .... K 2 SQ 4 3.5 10.1 107.9 .20 .59 6.29 NaNU 3 146.8 8.57 28. i 25.2 1.64 1 47 2076. 70.9 98. 121.09 4.13 5.72 NaCl 2.7 49.1 .16 2.87 104.7 70.6 8.10 4.12 Na.SO, Na, C0 3 . 6.2 .36 NH 4 C1 2.6 .15 (NH.),SO. .. 1.6 .09 1.3 .08 (NHJ 2 C0 3 .... 54.8 3.20 29.35 MgCL . 503.1 157.8 9.21 153.3 8.94 MgSQ 4 MgC0 3 CaS0 4 63.5 3.70 147.4 8.60 92.8 5.42 415.1 24.23 44.70 10.7 201.7 2.8 .62 11.77 .16 185.8 10.84 766.4 145. 8.43 167.9 9.79 141.5 8.26 CaCO a Fe,0 3 + Alo0 3 . Fe S0 4 14.1 .83 2.9 .17 .29 15. .87 2.3 2.4 .13 .14 1.9 1.8 .11 .11 Fe C0 3 5. AL 3 38.9 5.7 32. 2.27 .33 1.87 AL(S0 4 ) 3 Si O,... 12.0 .70 11.0 .64 10. .58 14.2 .83 6.6 .39 H.S0 4 . 1926.2 112.38 437.3 25.51 2514.6 146.63 553.9 32.31 397.3 23.18 450.5 26.30 A. D E. J. M L. A. V /.P. P. 1 3. A.I ). E. A. I ). E. 174 MINEEAL CONTENT OF WATEES. [BULL. NO. 10 Analyses of Illinois St. Charles Sterling- Whiteside 3744 . Sterling — Whiteside 3745 Sterling 10406 May 12, 1902.... W. J. Calhoun 230feet 13251. Date June 24,1898... B.Stakemiller. Spring June 24,1898.... B.Stakemiller. Spring June 24,1905.. J. Harpham. .. Spring Depth Strata Rock K emarks Turbidity Clear .000 .000 Very slight .02 .000 Very slight .02 .000 Clear. Color 000 Odor 000 Milligrams per 1,000 c. c. Milligrams per 1,000 c. c. Milligrams per 1,000 c. c. Milligrams per 1,000 c. c. 460. 350.4 52. 8. .7 .001 .01 .001 2.1 643.6 82.8 23- 3.2 .016 .096 .001 2.5 402.0 52.4 13. 1.4 .384 .022 .014 13.4 .49 35.4 71.9 2 '.2 3.4 9. 1.35 fFree ammonia.. Nitrogen as.jAlb. ammonia... .040 .000 4.0 39.3 73.3 .5 .6 6.6 7.7 8.0 21.2 . 68.9 105.4 .3 .7 11.5 .7 23.0 108.7 48.1 Calcium Ca 42.3 .3 2.5 1.3 Nitrate N0 3 17.3 13.0 80.7 23.1 Chloride CI 9.0 Sulphate S0 4 24.0 Hypothetical IS O £.5 O F»!jf 3S is Q CIS 53 IP jag Potassium N itrate 28.3 4.9 1.65 .29 5.4 .31 i.i 3.9 .06 .22 10.3 .60 6.0 13.2 2.5 .35 .76 .14 23.0 1.5 1.34 Sodium Chloride 18.6 86.6 1.09 5.06 34.8 19.2 2.03 1.11 .09 Sodium Carbonate 1.8 .11 i 10.9 30.0 136.5 .63 26.1 105. 1.53 6.12 24.4 119.9 1.42 6.98 119.5 154.1 6.96 8.98 1.75 7.95 179.7 .5 .4 7.3 10.49 .03 .02 .43 183.2 1.1 1.2 14.0 10.68 .06 .07 .80 263.2 .6 1.4 24.6 15.34 .03 .08 1.43 108.0 .6 4.8 2.7 6.30 Ferrous Carbonate .03 .28 Silica .16 Total 459.2 26.82 370.9 , 21.57 622.4 36.24 328.3 19.13 A. D. E. R. W.S. R. W. S. J. M. L. BARTOW, ET AL.] Waters — Continued. WATER ANALYSES. 171 Sterling Whiteside. .. 4212 Sterling Whiteside.... 6300. Stockton .. JoDaviess.. 4242. . Stonefort Saline 8647 Stonefort... Saline 9524 feet... Oct. 18,1901. A. J. Kelly 101 feet Rock Strawn Livingston 12296 July 30,1904 Pete Kuntz 120 feet Sand & gr.. Oct. 12,1898.. J.B.Crandall. 1460feet St. Peter..... Flowing. .... City supply.. Slight. 01 Nov. 13,1899.. J.B.Crandall. 1606 feet St. Peter Oct 21,1898. J.M.Sharp. 1500 feet.... Sandstone.. uct. 8.1900... Ira Schnee... 72^ feet Rock; Slight . .02 .000 Decided.... Muddv .... .000 Decided... .6 .000 .04 .000 000 Milligrams per 1,000 c. c. Milligrams per 1,000 c. c. Milligrams per l.OOOc.c. Milligrams per 1,000 c. c. Milligrams per l,000c.c. Milligrams per l.OOOc.c. 33L2 64. 341.2 36,4 9. .9 .152 .012 .000 .12 6.7 6.2 328.8 38. .6 2. .37 .018 .000 .1 1.1 14.6 .5 32.0 105.6 .7 1.4 6.8 .5 .6 1.1 3,449.2 364. 51. 17.8 .12 .064 .003 .117 13.6 169.0 2 134^7 189.3 122.2 15.0 15.8 .6 51.0 1,126.5 2.026.8 121.2 38. 1.5 .84 .024 .000 .08 202.3 89.1 248.9 2.5 1.3 6.3 315.2 10. .9 .008 .01 .000 .4 5.9 5.8 .9 1.3 .256 .036 .000 .16 11.1 36.3 66.9 .07 .4 4.1 1.7 35.7 61.8 .3 .4 4.2 6 9.0 25.1 31.8 65.1 1.9 ' .7 6.6 .7 1.0 1.3 10.0 28.4 38.0 933.8 Combinations. I— -03 IS Q *V O hd O T) C?u S3. C3 3* C^as a p 5.3 -••a <*g J?"0 X - t3 53 a S ►ti *Q O R£ r> ^ tt-o pS O) a -1 PS p n hd 3 3 3s O pi' trq-O p n "0 33 uptt P CD •-d ft (jqtJ p n ►tl Bg 11 d9- ^p crq-o p a> .7 .04 3.11 .6 38.8 .04 2.27 1.7 50.2 .10 2.92 KN0 3 53.4 12.7 .74 4.8 .28 K CI K0SO4 1.3 429.0 21.7 29.6 .08 25.03 1.27 1.73 NaNO,.. 639.5 37.30 3.14 326.7 8.2 253.4 19.06 ..48 14.78 438.5 401.9 25.57 23.44 120.4 945.8 7.02 55.23 NaCl 53.8 7.9 43.9 .46 2.55 Na 2 S0 4 Na 2 CO, NH CI 2 6 .15 5.1 .30 4.0 .23 ""i.*8 "".ib (NH 4 ) s SO*.... (NHJ0.CO3.... Mg Cl 2 Mg SO, MgC0 3 Ca CI, 3.2 .19 3.2 .19 81.8 4.78 2.07 169.2 9.87 1088.4 63.45 35.5 84.0 4.90 85.7 5.00 163.2 9.52 161.2 83.9 9.40 4.90 2762.5 248.8 161.05 14.47 CaS0 4 180.4 10.52 124.7 4.8 7.27 .28 116.4 6.79 296.8 17.32 CaCO s Fe 2 3 +Al 2 3 . 2.6 .15 .25 .49 3.7 5.6 38.2 .22 .33 2.23 .6 1.6 2.4 .03 .09 .14 14.5 5.6 8.4 .86 .33 .49 3.5 2.1 19.0 .20 .12 1.10 Fe 2 C0 3 4.2 Al, 3 8.4 6.0 26.4 .35 1.54 Si 2 .7 .04 Lio SO t 1062.9 62.00 730.7 42.64 880.5 51.39 1317.0 76.80 5211.1 303.87 543.9 31.65 P. B. P. B. J. IV [.L. R. W . S. D. K. J. M.L. —12 G 178 MINEEAL CONTENT OF WATEES. [BULL. NO. 1 Analyses of Illinois Town Tamaroa Tennessee McDonough .. 12838 . Tolono Champaign . .. 8997 Feb. 15, 1901.... G. Karcher — Tolono Champaign . .. 5835 8951 Date Jan. 15,1901.... T. H, Evans... 24 feet Jan. 12,1905.... Rev. Lentz Sept. 12,1899... Depth 134 feet Strata Rock Remarks '. Turbidity Decided Yellow Decided Yellow Distinct .01 .000 Color Yellow Odor 000 Milligrams per 1,000 c. c. Milligrams per 1,000 c. c. Milligrams per 1,000 c. c. Milligrams per 1,000 c. c. Total residue 5745.6 392.4 342. 14.4 .024 .2 .000 .04 13.6 373.8 .08 202.1 702.1 3.1 2.5 5.1 .2 342.0 2796.6 715.2 227.2 16.8 1.5 3.1 .018 .07 .000 3.28 2.7 5.5 .02 14.1 43.4 .5 .1 5.5 14.5 1.5 21.3 830 4 161 6 Chlorine 8.8 2.6 .096 .086 Trace .12 1.3 7.2 2 9 15 3 fFree ammonia.. Nitrogen as.{ Ajb^ammonia.. 32. .456 000 .52 Potassium K 6.1 64.6 Ammonium (NH 4 ) 41.1 Magnesium Mg 66.1 122.9 3.8 3.9 6.1 .6 8.8 197.6 96.9 Calcium Ca 117.5 5.0 Aluminium Al .9 11.4 Nitrate N0 3 Chloride CI 2.3 2.9 Sulphate SO^ .5 Hypothetical B % O trq'd IS O dS ?£ crQW go n> *0 — w Q dS 09*0 II dS Potassium Nitrate .3 25.8 .02 1.49 1 .9 05 6.9 .40 3.7 6.1 .9 2.0 .21 1.9 .11 .35 .05 Potassium Carbonate .11 Sodium Nitrate .• 16.2 .4 .94 .02 Sodium Chloride 558.7 475.4 32.50 27.57 13.4 6.0 .78 .35 Sodium Sulphate 148.8 109.3 8.68 .1 .01 .1 .01 6.37 Magnesium Nitrate Magnesium Chloride 972. 21. 56.38 1.22 242.0 60.5 14.12 3.53 49.1 2.0 30.2 85.0 2.85 .11 1.75 4.93 337.3 19.67 2386.8 138.43 Calcium Carbonate 307.1 17.91 293.4 17.11 • 6.4 .37 7.9 7.3 .46 .43 1.0 .2 .06 .01 10.3 1.8 .60 Alumina .10 16.0 10.8 .93 .62 Silica 12.9 .75 11.6 .67 24.2 1.41 Total 4473.3 259.54 659.9 38.49 202.7 11.75 937.8 54.66 Analyst A. R.J. J. M. L. A.R. J. R. W. S. Bartow et. el.] Wat ers — C ont inue d . WATER ANALYSES. K9 Tolono Champaign . 1772 Dec. 28, 1896.. N. H. Stubbs 140feet Sand . Tonica LaSalle 10935 March 10, 1903 J.C. Daily .. 300feet Rock Tuscola.... Douglas . .. 2581 Aug.23,1897 J. L. Reat . 617 feet .... Sandstone . Tuscola Douglas 2931 Nov."i6,'i898'. J. L. Reat... 3013 feet Gr'v.&s'dst'e Urbana Champa'n . 1412 .... - . Sefct. 17,1896 U.of I 22 feet Drift Urbana Champa'n . 1413 Sept. 28,1896 Dr. Burrill. 20 feet Drift City supply . Slight .3 Disagreeable Distinct .... .05 .000 Distinct .6 Oily Milligrams per 1,000 c. c. Milligrams per 1,000 c. c. Milligrams perl, 000c. c. Milligrams per 1,000 c.c. Milligrams per 1,000c. c. Milligrams perl.OOOc.c. 472.8 11.2 18.8 7.8 .34 .164 .000 .16 515.2 30.0 -34.0 7.1 2.08 .142 .000 .40 6.0 2.67 24.9 ' 47.8 2.2 1.6 10.1 1.7 34.0 7.4 954.4 32. 76. 14.2 4.2 .32 .000 .3 9.1 5.4 13.2 33.7 1.6 1.1 5.0 1.3 76.0 1.1 5.1 3.6 .8 125.9 9.0 132.2 .4 10.1 18.8 - 30.1 80.9 58.7 111.5 .4 12.0 5.8 97.6 19.0 176.2 22.3 70.8 .7 10.3 7.1 3.8 12.0 87.7 1.7 11.7 .3 5.5 4.8 4.6 .7 18.8 1.3 • Combinations. 3| IS Q Cj&3 jog orqtJ ta n> Is O CIS jog CfQtJ fa n 3 » 3 3. Is O j»g fa 33 Is O cJS jog HQ'O pa rt> .4 .02 .55 2.9 9.3 .17 .54 2.2 15.3 .13 .89 9.4 .54 2.1 .12 KNO3 9.5 KC1 Ko SO, Kj CO,. .. .9 31. 2. 274.5 1.1 .05 1.81 .12 16.01 .06 74.7 4.36 3.5 18.6 .20 1.08 NaNO a 1.7 .09 .41 16.17 1.40 48.8 11.0 225.3 7.1 2.48 .64 13.14 .41 113.3 1.3 670.8 14.4 6.70 .07 39.12 .84 Na CI . . 7.1 Na, S0 4 277.4 Na 2 CO a 24. (NH 4 ), C0 3 44.5 28.2 220.7 2.8 2.6 1.64 12.87 16 Mg(N0 3 ) 2 MgCl 2 ... MgS0 4 MgC0 3 Ca CL .9 109.7 .05 6.39 104.9 6.11 35.3 2.06 86.7 5.05 47.8 2.79 CaSO. 202.0 11.77 47.1 6.2 2.75 .36 119.5 6.96 84.0 4.90 278.5 16.24 176.6 10.30 CaCO a Fe 2 3 +Al 2 3 . Fe C0 3 . 2.9 .17 .18 4.5 3.0 .25 .17 2.9 1.7 .17 .01 .9 22.8 .05 1.33 1.5 19.5 .09 1.13 3.2 Alo 3 ai;(soJ 3 Si 2 23.2 1.34 9.8 .57 21.6 1.25 10.5 .61 12.3 .72 15.2 .90 656.3 38.21 407.9 23.79 539.6 31.06 964.2 56.23 694.8 40.51 347.6 20.26 C. R. R. P. 1 3. R. V /. s. R. W .s. C.R.B A. V l. and /.P. C.R.E IA. W . and r . P. 180 MINERAL CONTENT OF WATERS [BULL. NO. 10 Analyses of Illinois Town Urbana Champaign . .. 4217 Urbana Champaign.. .. 13735 Nov. 13,1905... W.S.Collins. 19feet Urbana Champaign . .. 14163^ Sept. 30,1896.. City Water.... 180 feet County Champaign . .. 2078 Laboratory No Date Oct. 15,1898.... Uni. Farm 23feet Apr. 5,1897 .... Owner Depth 180 feet Strata Drift . . Drift . Remarks City supply . . . Turbidity Slight Decided Color .02 .000 .3 Vinegar 6 Odor 000 Milligrams per 1,000 c. c. Milligrams per 1,000 c. c. Milligrams per 1,000 c. c. Milligrams per 1,000 c. c. Total residue 359.2 44. 1.5 1.1 .001 .012 .000 1255. 487 2 Loss on ignition 42 4 Chlorine 54.0 3.4 :no .064 .002 2 2 Oxygen consumed 4 4 ("Free ammonia.. Nitrno-Pn a* J Alb - ammonia... JN ltrogen as . -j Nitrites 3.00 .072 .000 .12 Alkalinity 800. 43.1 5.2 27.6 4.11 35.4 76.1 2.8 1.5 8.7 .2 2.5 1.6 2 2 Sodium Na 19 6 Ammonium (NH 4 ) 3.8 Magnesium Mg 34.5 74.7 .6 1.2 8.1 .7 1.5 49.5 .008 89.6 204.7 3.3 2.0 7.6 .9 54.0 447.8 10.1 99 7 Ferrious Fe .5 Aluminium Al 4.5 Silica Si 9.4 Nitrates. N0 3 .6 Chloride CI 2.2 Sulphate S0 4 .9 Lithium Li Phosphorus P0 4 2.09 i Hypothetical II 5.3 O MM CJQtJ na O £L<3> 3£ Potassium Nitrate 1.1 1.6 .06 .09 1.5 20.3 .09 1.19 .3 1.0 2.6 .02 .05 .15 .9 3.5 .05 Potassium Chloride .20 Potassium Sulphate Sodium Nitrate Sodium Chloride 1.1 14.6 .06 .85 73.3 44.0 4.28 2.57 3.4 .20 .9 1.4 43.3 10.1 .05 .08 Sodium Carbonate 60.5 19.7 3.53 1.14 2.53 Ammonium Carbonate .58 Magnesium Chloride 49.6 85.5 186.6 2.88 4.99 10.88 445.5 87.4 447.2 25.99 5.10 26.09 Magnesium Carbonate 120.7 189.1 7.04 11.03 35.2 248.0 2.05 Calcium Carbonate 14.47 Ferrous Carbonate 1.3 2.2 17.3 .07 .13 1.01 6.9 3.8 16.2 .40 .22 .94 5.8 3.0 18.5 4.8 .33 .17 1.08 .28 1.0 8.4 20.0 .06 .49 Silica 1.17 Trace.. Trace.. Total 360.9 21.02 1146.1 66.87 429.4 25.02 372.7 21.73 R. V /.S. J.M .L. A. V /.P. C. B .. R. BARTOW ET. AL.] Waters — Continued. WATEE ANALYSES. 181 Urbana Champaign . 3304 Urbana Champaign.. 7502 Vandalia .. Fayette 13016 Mar. 24, 1905 C. Hi'nb'm SpringNo.l Vandalia Fayette 13017- Vandalia .. Fayette 13018 Mar. 24, 1905 Same SpringNo.3 Vandalia .. Fayette 13019 Mar. 24,1905 Same SpringNo.4 Feb. 28, 1898.. C. V. Millar Mav 10,1900.. A. N. Talbot 155 feet Mar. 24,1905.. 160 feet Drift Spring No. 2. City supply . Distinct .8 .000 Distinct .50 .000 Clear .000 .000 Clear .000 Musty Clear .000 Musty Decided ... .8 Earthy Milligrams per 1,000 c. c. Milligrams per 1,000 c. c. Milligrams perl.OOOc.c. Milligrams per 1,000 c. c. Milligrams per l.OOOc.c. Milligrams per l.OOOc.c. 396.4 33 6 352. 26.8 2.6 4.7 1.6 .074 .000 725.2 1212.4 1061.2 154.0 2. 5.5 4. .112 .000 67.3 2.45 .008 .040 Trace 61.5 2.05 .016 .066 Trace 76. 2.2 .008 .064 .006 13.0 6.75 .016 .348 .000 .048 3.2 50.4 84.0 99^5 14.3 27.6 5.1 37.0 2.0 31.1 65.3 1.7 .6 8.7 35.6 78.2 3.4 41.1 138.0 .5 2.1 9.1 88.5 67.3 7.3 97.9 175.8 75.4 142.5 10.1 26.4 1.2 1.2 3.7 .3 13.0 5.3 1.2 8.3 .2 12. 46. 61.5 416.4 9. 86.8 76.0 243.9 2.0 .8 2.6 .2 Combinations. hd Is • £3 II §1 O apt) £L 33 IS Q 3 w s. a O as UQtJ 33 Is wg 33 £Iw Is dp cog P CD .4 .02 .24 .09 6.9 .40 6.4 .37 8.4 .49 .6 2.1 .04 .12 KNO s 4.2 K CI 1.5 K 2 S0 4 115.5 46.0 6.74 2.68 57.8 102.2 86.8 3.37 5.96 5.06 111.9 125.4 61.4 6.53 7.32 3.58 Na NO, 4.3 .25 19.8 7.7 9.1 1.15 .45 .53 NaCl Na 2 SO, 64.3 3.75 .79 74.7 5.3 4.36 .31 Na. C0 3 13.6 (NHJ 2 CO,.... 52.4 91.4 32.6 344.7 3.06 5.33 1.90 20.11 *"447!5 27.5 439.4 4.2 '26.09 1.60 25.63 .25 MgCL 253.2 85.2 356.5 5.2 14.77 4.97 20.80 .30 MgS0 4 MgCO a CaCOg Fe, 3 + AL O^ 124.1 195.0 7.24 11.38 108.1 163.2 6.30 9.52 35.1 66.1 2.05 3.86 7.1 .41 .12 1.01 3.5 1.2 18.6 .20 .07 1.08 1.0 3.9 19.3 .06 .23 1.13 2.4 2.2 7.8 .14 .13 .46 Fe C0 3 * 2.1 AL 3 17.4 75.6 1.49 19.2 1.12 SiD 2 K 3 PCv Li * . 429.7 25.05 378.9 22.09 713.7 42.24 1247.4 69.82 1026.4 59.88 152.91 8.93 R. W. S. R. W. S. J. M- L. J. M. L. J. M. L. J. M. L. 182 MINERAL CONTENT OF WATEES. [BULL. NO. 10 Analyses of Illinois Town Vandalia Fayette 13020 March 24, 1905 . . D. Higinbot'm Spring No. 5, .. Vandalia Fayette 13021 Vermont Fulton. . Villa Ridge ... 8637 9144 Date March 24,1905 . D. Higinbot'm SpringNo.6. .. Oct. 6, 1900 J. M. Wilkins. 2300 feet Rock June 23,1901. .. L. Redden Depth R emarks Turbidity Clear Clear Color .000 .000 .000 .000 Odor Milligrams per 1,000 c. c. Milligrams per 1,000 c. c. Milligrams per 1,000 c. c. Milligrams per 1,000 c. c. 389.2 1101.2 3490.4 83.2 1175. 8. 2. .018 .000 .04 896.2 2.6 47.7 181.5 3.7 399.2 Loss on ignition 71.2 17.5 1.55 .016 .044 9.2 12.2 63. 2.00 .008 .076 14.4 75.7 32. 2.1 Nitrogen as. ^ Alb., ammonia.. .034 .038 .000 1 Nitrates 8. 35.6 26.5 85.2 85.3 134.0 30.8 56.8 .3 1.1 Silica Si 6.3 40.7 17.5 17.6 10.3 63.7 63.0 303.1 6.8 .2 1175.0 964.2 10.4 Nitrate NO s 35.4 Chloride CI 32.0 Sulphate S0 4 1.3 Hypothetical II O fa n 3£ E2cn jog oqtJ ►a 3£ Irs C3 i-i O jog crqtJ JO 1.7 .10 4.5 .26 .4 84.9 .02 4.92 3.4 20 45.0 2.63 83.6 104.0 37.3 4.88 6.06 2.18 45.6 52.7 2.0 4.3 2 64 1869.6 495.6 i09.06 28.74 3 06 12 Sodium Carbonate .25 " 6.9 .40 8.2 23.5 22.1 51.5 .48 1.37 1.29 3.00 Magnesium Sulphate 347.4 53.6 20.26 3.13 Magnesium Carbonate 165.5 476.0 103.6 9.60 27.60 6.00 107.1 6.21 Calcium Carbonate 212.9 2.3 12.42 .13 335.4 2.4 19.57 .14 142.2 8.25 7.7 .44 .6 2.0 22.2 .03 .12 Silica 13.4 .78 22.0 1.28 14.4 .83 1.29 Total 380.6 22.20 990.2 57.76 3224.6 187.61 382.1 22.17 Analyst J. M. L. J. M. L. A. R. J. A. L. M. BARTOW ET. AL.] Waters — Continued. WATER ANALYSES. 183 Waltham LaSalle Warren Jo Daviess .. 5008 . War'nville. Dupage.. .. 2710 Sept. 24,1897 W.J.Man'g 212 feet.... Rock ...... Waukegan .. Waverly .. Morgan . .. 9910 Nov.26,1901 H.J.Rog'rs 54 feet Wenona. .. Marshall. .. 8980 Aug. 1,1900 I.C.R.R.. 1856 feet . . . Rock 6433 5193 Nov. 30,1899. J. A. Hanley 65 feet May 9,1899 .. B. W. Hicks. 100 feet Rock June 9,1899.. E.L. Upton Spring, 4 feet Slight .03 .000 Very slight .02 .000 .000 .02 .000 Very slight .01 .000 Yellow .000 Milligrams per-l.OOOc. c. Milligrams per 1.000 c. c. Milligrams perl,000c.c. Milligrams per 1,000 c. c. Milligrams perl.OOOc.c. Milligrams perl ,000 c.c. 421.6 534. 155.6 36. 1.5 .001 .046 .015 20. 16.3 418.8 10.8 1.8 1.3 .488 .014 .000 .13 10.9 34.7 636. 54. 38. • 1.7 .001 .036 .021 7.2 5.4 22.5 787.2 67.2 54. 1.8 .48 .046 .005 .155 60. 2. .7 555. .32 .128 .000 .08 .28 17.3 290.2 6 9.8 18.1 457.3 40.1 72.7 4.4 67.7 46.2 .9 .6 6.1 88.5 36.0 23.5 34.9 70.8 57.6 104.6 .3 .2 7.4 31.9 38.0 148.5 38.5 59.5 .7 4.6"" .7 54.0 3.6 14.5 .3 2.0 33.6 3.1 .6 1.8 102.8 2.6 1.3 555.0 182.8 Combinations. Sen 13 ™ O »— "-i 3£ Sw §1 o i— "-t 33 Sea O dg. Bq'O p cc 3£ Sen O C3 j»g iq'a p n as O j»g crq'd p n> ►0 11 ft' CKJ.tJ p n r' 1 .6 .03 .19 10.3 .60 .9 3.8 19.3 .05 .22 1.11 13.9 .81 KN0 3 . 3.2 K CI . K0SO4 60.3 2.52 32.1 35.3 1.87 2.05 1.10 89.0 .06 5 19 1.7 914.6 270.5 21.5 .10 53.05 15.69 1.25 Na NO, .8 .05 1.26 .13 .06 NaCl . 21.7 107.0 6.23 5.31 31 NaoS0 4 2.2 583.5 34.07 Na, C0 3 1.0 (NH 4 )„CO,.... Mg (N0 3 ) 2 ' MgCl 2 MgS0 4 45.6 48.2 29.4 147.6 2.65 2.81 1.7.1 8.60 22.2 185.7 50.8 1.29 10.83 2.96 24.9 104.2 1.45 5.86 139.4 8.13 34 1.98 134.0 7.77 Mgco; Ca S0 4 ' 181.6 10.59 115.3 6.72 178.2 .9 10.42 .05 261.4 15.25 45.9 15.6 2.68 .92 148.7 2.8 8.62 .16 CaCO s Fe 2 3 + AL0 3 . Fe C0 3 . 9.2 .53 .08 1.80 1.9 1.1 13.0 .11 .06 .76 .6 .3 15.7 .03 .02 .91 1.4 Al, O, 30.8 6.6 .04 9.8 .57 5.6 .32 Si Do 391.9 22.85 472.7 27.54 445.8 25.43 618.0 36.02 784.1 45.78 1499.4 86.96 R. W .S. R. W . S. R.\ V.S. R. W . S. A.D. E. A.I .. M. 184 MINERAL CONTENT OF WATERS. [BULL. NO. 10 Analyses of Illinois Town W. Chicago ... DuPage 2474 W. Chicago ... DuPage 122S6 July 14, 1904... S. PL Wolfe... 876 feet Wilmington .. Will Wilmington .. Will 9139 1352 Date July 21, 1897... J. T. Hosford . 874 feet Sand rock June 19,1901... C. H.Kahler.. Spring Sept. 7,1896.... Owner Depth C. H. Kahler.. 43 feet . Strata Turbidity Slight Distinct .6 .000 Very slight . .. Color .06 .000 .01 .000 Odor Milligrams per 1,000 c. c. Milligrams per 1,000 c. c. Milligrams per 1,000 c. c. Milligrams per 1,000 c. c. 354. 20. M 10. m 1.8 .56 .034 .000 .06 21.6 407.2 1088.4 90. 148.5 5.3 .034 .064 .019 11.181 26.7 119.9 . 14.8 1.3 .352 .042 .000 .08 1.9 26.3 ("Free ammonia.. Nitrogen as.^lb.ammon.a.. (_ Nitrates 7.6 69.1 .62 30.7 56.9 1.9 1.1 11.8 .8 10.0 • 42.1 40.1 65.1 1.2 .7 6.6 .3 14.8 65.5 49.3 144.8 .6 .8 6.7 49.5 148.5 272.4 34.7 57.8 Silica Si 6 6 Nitrate N0 3 .4 Chloride CI 39.0 Sulphate SO t 61.4 Hypothetical a 2 O opt) B| £ft) §3 O opt) Is ' Q opt) S3 n i— "i Is OQt) •— '<-t .1 4.2 .07 .24 .6 3.2 .04 .19 69.2 4.01 .7 14.1 .04 .82 9.6 244.7 65.0 .56 14.19 3.77 13.2 51.8 .77 2.02 22.3 54.3 1.30 3.17 53.2 90.9 43.1 3.10 Sodium Sulphate 5.30 Sodium Carbonate 2.51 Ammonium Sulphate 9.0 104.0 .52 6.06 36.0 114.2 2.10 6.65 250.2 14.51 120.7 7.04 Calcium Sulphate 40.1 332.3 2.33 19.27 Calcium Carbonate 139.7 8.15 162.5 9.48 144.3 Trace 8.42 Oxide of Iron and Aluminium. Trace 3.8 1.8 24.8 .22 .10 1.44 2.6 1.4 14.0 .15 .08 .82 1.3 1.6 14.2 .08 .09 .82 14.0 82 Total 352.3 20.57 411.1 23.98 1028.2 59.63 481.0 28 05 Analyst R. W- S. J. M- L. A. L- M. R. W-S- BARTOW ET. AL.] WATER ANALYSES 185 Waters — Continued. Winchester . Winchester . Winfield .. Winnetka . .. Woodbine Woodbine.: • Scott Scott DuPage . .. 7114 Cook 7113 JoDaviess. 7224 JoDaviess 7225 9183 July 15,1901.. A. P. Grout . 9911 Nov. 26,1901. Mar. 19, 1900 Mar. 20, 1900.. April 2, 1900 April 2. 1900 W. Hardister R.M'C'm'k S.W.Crand'll E. Herm'n E. Herm'n Spring Spring 400 feet .... 250feet 130 feet .... 137 feet .... Rock Rock Lime stone Lime stone Decided Very slight.. Distinct Slight Distinct Distinct Yellow .01 .02 .01 .01 .02 .000 .000 .000 .000 .000 .000 Milligrams Milligrams Milligrams Milligrams Milligrams Milligrams per 1,000 c. c. per 1,000 c. c. per 1000 c.clper 1,000 c. c. per 1000 c.c. per 1000 c.c. 424.4 377.6 440. 729.2 496.4 429.2 36.8 50. 28.4 56. 26.4 42.8 2.2 3. 2.6 50. « 16. 5.9 1.5 1.3 2.3 .8 .5 4.8 .02 .448 .014 .002 .000 .144 .034 .034 .102 .018 .02 .000 .000 .000 .1 .000 .000 .08 21. .12 9.2 3.8 1.6 9.7 6.2 .6 35.2 45.5 34.8 64.6 46.8 45.2 92.1 82.2 70.1 131.9 116.1 83.8 5.9 .5 1.3 .3 1.5 1.2 4.0 1.5 .4 1.3 .4 1.0 8.4 8.8 4.6 6. 3.7 8. .7 16.4 .3 93.0 .6 40.7 2.2 3.0 2.6 50.0 8.0 16.0 1.4 5.3 114.9 163.2 63.2 13.2 Combinations. *0 ELa> O p m 11 O uqV II C Cp jag p (T> Q Wg 0qX3 P 0! s| II O CIS i»g p h3 !l C dp j»g trqw p (i 1.1 2 4 .06 .14 7.7 .45 .6 15.4 .03 .89 9.9 .58 .9 11.9 .05 .69 4.1 .24 KN0 3 KC1 16.1 5.0 7.6 .94 .29 .44 35.9 2.09 27.1 1.57 NaN0 3 .... 2 .12 .12 1.46 30.0 67.1 i.75 2.91 3.9 16.9 .23 .98 NaCl 2 1 Na 2 S0 4 25.1 Na 2 C0 3 1.6 .09 (NHJ a S0 4 16 5 .96 (NH 4 ) 2 CO s .... Mg(N0 3 ) 2 72.5 66.9 178.2 4.23 3.90 10.40 22.0 21.4 16.5 117.6 1.28 1.24 .96 6.86 MgCl 2 .3 158.1 .02 9.22 85.5 61.1 4.99 3.56 64.8 117.6 3.78 6.86 MgS0 4 122 6 7.11 MgC0 3 CaSO. 29.2 308.0 1.70 17.97 230.0 13.34 205.4 11.99 175.2 10.22 290.2 16 93 209.5 12.21 CaC0 3 Fe,0 3 +Alo0 3 . 12.2 7.4 17.8 .71 .43 1.03 1.0 2.8 8.8 .06 .16 1.10 2.7 .7 9.7 .16 .04 .56 .6 2.4 12.7 .04 .14 .74 * 3.2 .8 7.8 .18 .05 .45 2.6 1.9 17.0 .15 .11 .99 FeC0 3 A1 2 3 SiQ 2 439.2 25.48 412.8 24.67 449.6 26.20 716.3 41.79 518.0 30.20 439.7 25.61 A.L. M. A. D . E. R.\ V. S. R. W. S. R.\ v.s. R.\ V.S. 186 MINERAL CONTENT OF WATERS. [BULL. NO. 10 Analyses of Illinois Town Woodhull Woodhull Woodstock McHenry 7440. Wyoming ..: ... Stark 10362 County Laboratory number 10445 10939 March 4, 1903.. E. L. Miller... 1394 feet St. Peter Distinct .1 .000 Date Owner June 12, 1902. .r W. P. Kirkland 182 feet Junel, 1900.... F. Hutchinson 900 feet. April 22, 1902 . . F. J. Graves. .. Spring Depth , Strata Sandrock Decided Yellow Rock Distinct .04 Sulphur... Turbidity V. Decided Brownish Peculiar Color Odor .000 Milligrams per 1,000 c. c. Milligrams per 1,000 c. c. Milligrams per 1,000 c. c. Milligrams per 1,000 c. c. Total residue 522. 32.4 1. 3.5 1.84 .048 .000 .09 2.8 45.1 2.4 34.9 99.9 949.6 16. 154. 4.1 1.04 .018 .001 .08 14.1 220.0 1.3 20.4 51.8 3.4 3.0 7.3 .3 154.0 265.5 12805.2 1150.4 6510. 12.4 6.8 .04 .000 .4 111.7 2405.4 8.2 380.0 1203.3 889.2 121.6 2.2 39 5 Loss on Ignition Chlorine f Free ammonia .. Nitrogen as.^lb.ammonia... .656 2.08 001 17 Potassium K 8 1 9 8 Ammonium (NHJ .". 8 58 2 Calcium Ca 136 2 45 4 Aluminium Al 23 5 Silica Si 7.8 .5 1.0 2.6 1.4 1.7 6510.0 1630.0 57 2 Nitrate NO a 7 Chloride CI 2 2 Sulphate S0 4 6 9 Hypothetical ft 3S II Q II 18 O aqtJ S3 ft) a as 1% a 0Qt3 p 0> .7 2.1 3.3 .04 .12 .19 .6 26.5 .04 1.55 2.8 211.1 .16 12.31 1.1 4.6 12.8 06 Potassium Chloride 27 75 Sodium Chloride 233.3 392.8 1.9 13.61 22.91 .11 6114.4 356.68 Sodium Sulphate 1.2 103.1 .07 6.06 Sodium Carbonate 22.6 1.31 Ammonium Chloride 24.3 1.41 Ammonium Carbonate 6.4 .37 3.5 .20 2.1 .12 Magnesium Chloride 1496.2 87.28 121.4 7.08 71.2 4.15 202.4 11 80 Calcium Chloride 1414.2 2309.3 34.1 3.5 82.50 134.71 1.98 .20 249.7 1.2 14.56 .07 129.1 7.53 340.4 19.85 Oxide of Iron and Aluminium. 7.1 5.5 15.6 .41 .32 .92 58.4 44.4 121.6 3.40 2.60 Silica 16.6 55.4 .97 8.22 3. .17 7.09 Total 561.1 32.75 887.1 51.75 11612.9 677.4 810.4 47.25 P. B. P. B. R. \ V. S. A. I ). E. BARTOW, ET AL.] Wat ers — C ontinue d . WATEE ANALYSES. 187 Wyoming Wyoming. .. Wyoming. Stark Stark Stark 10723 Oct. 6. 1902. 7285 9084 April 10, 1900.. April 20, 1901 G. W. Scott... G. W.Scott.. City offic'ls 212 feet 300 feet Rock .. ..... 1557 feet.... St. Peter... Sand and rock. Distinct Decided Distinct.... .30 Milky .2 .000 .000 .000 Milligrams Milligrams Milligrams Milligrams Milligrams Milligrams per 1,000 c. c. per 1,000 c. c. perl.OGOc.c. perl.OOOc.c. perl,000c.c. perl.OOOc.c. 476. 379.2 815.6 22.4 40. 27.3 4.8 7.4 144. 4.2 1.8 4.1 2.56 1.04 1.44 .078 .04 .094 .000 .000 .000 .08 .2 .12 3.4 1.7 21.6 103.6 129.6 219.5 3.3 1.3 1.9 24.1 38.0 24.4 56.6 8.8 29.4 2.3 .5 .15 1.4 .7 .3 5.5 3.6 6.6 .3 .9 .6 4.8 7-4 144.0 .2 .7 165.1 Combinations. Grains per U. S. gal.. ►d Is tog §1 C i»g aqtJ 11 o r-t-t # ^P j»g 1j Is jog erq.13 SB (T 11 j».g Trace.. 6.5 Trace.. .38 1.5 2.2 .08 .13 .9 40.6 .05 2.37 KN0 3 KC1 K„S0 4 2.6 Trace.. .15 Trace.. 13.79 10.7 1.1 288.1 .62 .06 16.70 205.8 244.2 12.01 14.24 NaCl NaoS0 4 236.3 95.5 5.57 Na;C0 3 (NHJC1 8.8 .51 3.5 .18 5.1 .30 (NH 4 ) 2 C0 3 MgCU 83.8 4.89 13.2 85.3 4.98 MgCO s CaCl 2 CaS0 4 140.3 8.19 20.2 1.16 73.6 4.30 CaCO, Fe,0 3 +Alo0 3 .. 4.8 .28 .15 .68 1.1 1.4 7.6 .06 .08 .44 .3 .6 14.0 15.6 .02 .04 .82 .91 FeC0 3 ..... 2.6 A1 2 3 11.7 SiOo 497.4 29.02 350.6 20.27 781.5 45.61 R. W. S. A. R. J. P. B. INDEX. 189 INDEX. Abingdon 3,5,7,76 Adams county ...3,88,96,141,163,164 Aledo 4,7,77 Alexander county 3,86,87,88 Algonquin 4,6,77 Alluvium 19 Altamont 3,7,77 Alton i 4,6,77 Alto Pass 4,5,78 Aluminium 36,50,51,54 Amboy 3,6,78 Ammonia, free and albuminoid 32,39,40,42,43,50,54 Analyses, methods of 30 Mineral 30 Mineral by counties 3 Sanitary 30 Spring waters . . . . : 5 Surface waters 5 Well waters 6,7 Apple river ...3,5,78 Arenzville 3,6,78 Ashkum 3,?, 79 Ashland 3,5,6,79 Assumption 3,6,79 Astoria 3,7,79 Atlanta 4,6,79,80 Atwood 4,6,80 Augusta 3 Aurora 3,5,6,7,80,81 Averyville 4,5,6,81 Bailey, water classification .... 24 Barium in waters 36 Barker, Perry, work of 2 Bartow, Prof. Edward, work of 1,22,30 Batavia 3,6,7,82 Bell Air 3,6,82 Belleville 4,5,7,82,83 Belvidere 3,6,83 Bement 4,7,83 Berwyn 3,7,83 Blackstone 7,83 Bloomington 4,5,6,83,84 Bluffs 4,6,84 Boiler waters 56-61 Bond county 3 , 113 Boone county t . . . 3,83 Boulder clay, water from 18 Bradford 4,7,84 Brereton 3,7,84 Bristol Station 3,6,85' Brown county 3,145,146,165 Brushy 4,7,85 Bureau 3,6,85 Bureau county 3,85,132,137,139, 142,147,173 Bushnell 4,6,7,85,86 Byron 4,7,86 Cairo 3,5,6,86,87,88 Calcium in waters ....36,49,50,51,54 Calhoun county 3,125 Cambridge ' 3,7,88 Camden 4,6,88' Camp Point 3,7,88 Canton 3,5,7,89 Carbondale 3,6,7,89 Carlock 5,89 Carlyle 3,5,6,90 Carmi 4.7,90 Carpentersville 3,6,7,90,91 Carrier Mills 4,7,91 Carroll county 3 Carrollton 3,5,7,91 Cass county 3,78,79,93 Centralia ., 4,5,92 Cerro Gordo 4,5,6,92 Champaign , .3,5,6,93 Champaign county . 3,93,164, 178,179,180;i81 Chandlerville 3,7,93 Chester 4 Chicago 3,5,7,93,94 Chillicothe 4,6,95 Chlorine in waters 31,39,40,42, 43,49,50,51,54' Chrisman 3,6,7,95 Christian county 3,79,154,169 Cisne 4,7,95 Clairemont 4,5,95 Clark county 3,139,140 Classification of waters 22 Clay county 3 Clayton 3,6,96 Clinton 3,5,6,90,96,97 Clinton county 90,3 Coal measures 17 Cobden 4,5,97 Colchester 4,5,98 Coles county 3 , 140 Collinsville 4,6,7,98 Color of waters 30,39,40,42,43 Cook county. .3,83,93,94,106,108,109, 121,127,141,144,149,153,165,185 Cooksville 4,5,99 Corrosion, boiler waters 61 Crawford county 3,82,153,165 Creal Springs 4,5,6,99 Crystal Lake 4,5,99 Cumberland county 3 Cutler 4,5,100 Danville 4,5,100 Decatur 4,5,100 Deerfield 3,7,101 DeKalb 3,7,101 DeKalb county 3,101 Devonian strata 16 DeWitt 3,5,101 DeWitt county 3,96,97,101,107 Dixon 3,5,101 Douglas county 3,148,179 Downs 4,6,101 Dudley 3 Dundee 3,7,102 190 INDEX. Index— Continued. DuPage county 3,106,112, 120,183,184,185 DuQuoin 4,5,6,7,102 Dwight 4,6,7,103 East Moline 4,6,103 East St. Louis 4,5,6,103,104 Edgar county 3,95,154,155 Edwards county 3 Effingham county 3,77 Eldorado township 4,7,104 Elgin 3,5,6,7,104,105 Elkhart 4,5,106 Elmhurst 3,5,106 Emmett, A. D., work of 2 Eureka 4,6,106 Evanston 3,6,106 Everett 3,6,7,107 Fairbury 4,5,107 Fairfield 4,6,7,107 Farmer City 3,6,107 Farmington 3,5,6,108 Fayette county 3,181,182 fc'lannagan 4,6,108 Foaming, boiler waters 60 Ford county 3,155,156,160,161 Forest Glen 3,7,108,109 Forrest 4,6,109 Fort Hill 3,6,109 Franklin Gr 3,5,109 Franklin county 3 Freeport 4 , 5,109 Fulton county 3,79,84,89, 108,121,122,123,133,134,135,182 Galesburg 3,5,7,109,110 Gallatin county 3,151,170,171 Geneseo 3,5,111 Gilman 3,6,7,111 Glasford 4,5,111 Glen Ellyn 3,7,112 Godfrey 4,5,112 Grafton 3,5,6,112,113 Grant Park 3,7,113 Granville .4,5,113 Greene county 3,91 Greenville 3,6, 113 Gridley 4,6,113,114 Ground waters 8 Grundy county 3 Hamilton 3,6, 114 Hamilton county 3,5 Hancock county 3, 114, 13D, 148 Hardin county 3 Harrisburg 4,7,114,115 Haywood, water classification. . 24 Havana 4,5,6,116,117,118,119 Henderson county 3,152,177 Hennepin 4,6,117,119 Henry county ...3,88,111,128,129,186 Herrin 6,117,119 Highland 4,7,120 Highland Park 3,6,117,119 Hillsboro 4,6,120 Hinsdale 3,7,120 Hoopeston 4,5,6,121 Mope 4,6,121 Huntsville 4,5,121 Hyde Park 3,6,121 Ipava 3,7,121,122 Iron in waters 36,49,50,51,54 Iroquois county , 3,79,111,135 151,152,171 Jackson county 3,89,137,147,177 Jacksonville 4,5,6,122,123,124 Jasper county 3 Jefferson county 3,146,147 Jersey .county 3,112,113,124,135 Jerseyville 3,7,124 Jo Daviess county ..3,78,175,183,185 Johnston, A. R. , work of , . . . . 2 Johnson county 3, 148 Joliet 4,6,7,125 Kampsville 3,7,125 Kane county 3,80,81,82,90,91, 102,104,105,143,171,172,173,174 Kankakee . .3,5,7,126,127 Kankakee county ..3,113,126,127,143 Keensburg 4,7,127 Kell 4,7,127 Kendall county 3,85,161 Kensington 3,5,127 Kewanee 3,5,7,128,129 Kinmundy 4,5,6,129 Klein, David, work of 2 Knox county 3,76,109,110, 129,130,138 Knoxville 3,5,7,129,130 La Harpe 3,6,130 Lake county 3,101,107,109,117, 131,132,135,149,170,183 Lake Bluff 3,7,131 Lake Forest 3,6,7,131,132 La Moille 3,6,7,132 La Salle 3,5,6,132,133 La Salle county 3,132,133,139, 152,153,160,176,177,179,183 Lawrence county 3,177 Lee county 3,78,101,109,155 Lena 4,7,133 Lewistown 3,5,6,133,134 Lexington 4,5,6,134 Libertyville 3,5^6,135 Lindgren, J. M. , work of 2 Livingston county 4,83,103,107, 108,109,138,150,162,175 Lockhaven 6,135 Loda 3,6,135 Loess, water from 20 Logan county 4,79,80,106,145 London Mills 3,5,135 Loss on ignition 31 Lower Magnesian limestone.... il Lower Carboniferous, water from 17 Macomb 4,6,7,136,137 Macon county 4,100 Macoupin county 4 Madison county 4,77,98,112,120, 161,173 Magnesium sulphate 29 Magnesium in waters 36,49,50,52 Makanda 3,5,137 Maiden 3,7,137 Manganese in waters 36 Manville 4,5,138 Mapleton 4,6,138 Maquon . .* 3,5,138 Marion 7,138,139 Marion county ..4,92,127,129,151,170 Markham 4,5,139 Marquette 3,5,139 Marseilles 3,6,139 Marsh , A. L. , work of 2 Marshall 3,5,6,139,140 Marshall county 4, 183 Mason county 4,116,117 Massac county 3 Mattoon 3,5,6,140 Maywood 3,7,141 McDonough county 4,85,86,98, 104,136,137,178 INDEX. Index — Continued . 191 McHenry 4,6,141 McHenry county 4, 77, 99, 141, 186 McLean county 4,83,84,89, 99,101,113,114,134,149 Medicinal Springs of Illinois... 62,75 Menard 4,5,141 Menard county 4,160,177 Mendon 3,7,141 Mercer county 4,77 Methods of analyses 30 Middlesworth 4,5,141,142 Milan 4,6,142 Miller, C. V., work of 2 Mill Shoals ^ 4,5,142 Milo 3,6,142 Milton ; 4,6,143 Mineral analyses 30 Mineral analyses by counties ... 3 Mineral Springs of Illinois, classification of 65 Minonk 4,7,143 Mississiopian, water from 17 Momence 3,7,143 Monroe county 3 Montgomery 4,6,143 Montgomery county 120 Morgan county 4,122,123, 124,139,161,183 Morgan Park 3,6,144 Morrison 4,7,144 Mossville 5,144 Moultrie county 3 Mound City 4,6,144,145 Mt. Morris 4,7,145 Mt. Pulaski 4,6,145 Mt. Sterling 3,7,145,146 Mt. Vernon 3,5,6,7,146,147 Moweaqua 4, 7,147 Murphysboro . . 3,5,147 Neponset 3,7,147 Nesslerization ' 33 Neunert 3, 6,147 New Burnside 3,7,148 Newman 3,6,148 Niagara limestone 16 Nitrogen, nitrates and nitrites in waters ..34,39,40,42,43,50,51,54 Niota 3,5,148 Normal 4,6,149 N. Chicago 3 ,' 7 ,' 149 Oak Park 3,6,149 Oakwood ' 4,6,149 Oconee 4, 5, 149' 150 Odell 4,5,7,150 Odor of waters 30,3 9,40,42,43 Ogle county 4,86,145,152, 161,162,166 Olney 4,6,151 Omaha 3,6,151 Omega .4,6,151 Onarga , ■. .3, 6,151,152 Oquawka 3,6,152 Oregon 4,6,152 Ottawa 3,5,6,152,153 Oxygen consumed 32,3 9,40,42,43 Palatine 3,6,153 Palestine 6,153 Palmer, Prof. A. W., work of . . 2 Palmer, Dr. Geo. T., work of.. 62 Pana 3,6,154 Paris 3,5,6,7,154,155 Parkersburg 4,7,155 Parr, Prof. S. W., work of.... 2,56 Paw Paw 3,7,155 Paxton 3,6,155,156 Payson 3,7 Peale, Dr. A. C. , water classifi- cation 23 Pekin 4,5,156 Peoria 4,5,6,7,15 6,157,158,159 Peoria county 4,81,95,111, 138,144,156,157,158,159,171 Peotone 4,7,160 Perry county 4,100,102,178 Peru " 3,6,160 Petersburg 4,6,160 Phosphoric acids in waters .... 36 Piatt county 4,80,83,92 Pike county 4,143 Piper City 3,6,160,161 Pisgah 4,5,161 Plainfield 4,7,161 Piano 3,5,161 Pleistocene formations 17 Poag 4,6,161 Polo . 4,7,161,162 Pontiac 4,7,162 Pope county (No analyses) Potassium in waters 37,49,51,52 Potsdam sandstone 9 Pulaski 4,5,162 Pulaski county 4,144,145,162,182 Putnam county 4,113,117 Quincy 5,6,7,163,164 Randolph county 4,141,164,172 Rantoul 3,6,164 Redbud 4,7,164 Residue on evaporation 39,40,42, 43,48,49,51,52 Richland county 4,95,151,155 Richview .4,6,164 Ripley 3,5,165 Riverside 3,7,165 Roanoke 4,6,165 Robinson 7,165 Rochelle 4,5,7,166 Rockford 4,5,6,7,166,167 Rock Island 4,5,6,168,169 Rock Island county .4,103,142,168,169 Romeoville 4,7,169 Rose, C. R., work of 2 Rosemond 3,5, 169 Roseville 4,7,169 Rushville 4,7,169 Russell 3,6,7,170 Salem 4,5,170 Saline county 4,85,91,114,115,175 Sangamon county 4,172,173 Sanitary analyses 30 Scale, boiler waters 56 Schuyler county 4,88,121,169 Scott county 4,84,185 Shawneetown 3,5,7,170,171 Shelby county 4,141,142,147, 149,150,171. Shelbyville 4,6,171 Sidel 4,5,171 Sheldon 3,7,171 Silica and silicious matter in water 35, 49, 50, 52, - r ,4 S. Bartonville 4,5,171 S. Elgin 3,6,7,171,172 Sodium Carbonate in Illinois waters 2 8 Sodium in waters 37,49,50,51,52 Solids, total, in waters 31 Sparta 7,172 Springfield 4,5,6,172,173 Springs, classification of 21 Spring waters analyzed 5,40,49 19.2 INDEX. Index — Concluded. Springs, medicinal 62 Spring Valley . .3,6,173 Stark, R. W., work of 2 Stark county 4,84,186,187 Staunton 4,7,173 St. Ann 3 St. Charles 3,7,173,174 St. Clair county 4,82,83,103,104 St. Peter's sandstone 12 Sterling 4,5,6,174,175 Stephenson county 4,109,133 Stockton 3,7,175 Stonefort 4,7,175 Strawn 6 , 175 Streator 3,5,7,176,177 Stronghurst 3,7,177 Sulphuric acid and sulphates in waters 37,49,50,52,54 Sumner N . 3, 5, 177 Surface waters analyzed 5,39,48 Sweitzer, water classification . . 25 Tallula 4,5,177 Tamaroa 4, 7, 178 Tazewell county 4,156,159 Tennessee 4,5,178 Tolono 3,5,6,178,179 Tonica 3,7,179 ' Trenton-Galena formation .... 15 Turbidity of waters. .. .30,39, 40,42,43 Tuscola 3,7,179 Union county 4,78,97 Udden , J. A. , work of 8 Urbana 3,6,179,180,181 Vandalia 3,5,181,182 Vermilion county ...4,100,121,149,171 Vermont 3,7,182 Villa Ridge 4,6,182 Wabash county 4, 127 Walnut 3 Waltham 3,7,183 Warren 3,7,183 Warren county 4,169 Warrenville 3 , 6 , 183 Washington county 4,164 Waukegan .3,5,183 Waverly 4,6,183 Wayne county 4,95,107 Well waters analyzed 6,7,40, 42,43,50,52 Wenona 4,7,183 West Chicago 3,7,184 White county 4,90,142 Whiteside county 4,144,174,175 Will county 4,125,160,161,169,184 Williamson county ..4,99,117,138,139 Wilmington 4,5,7,184 Winchester 4,5,185 Winfield 3,7,185 Winnebago county 4,166,167 Winnetka 3,7,185 Woodbine 3,7,185 Woodford county 4,106,143,165 Woodhull 3,7,186 Woodstock 4,7,186 Wyoming 4,5,7,186,187